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2,313,700 | In search of lipid balance in older women. New studies raise questions about what works best. | At this juncture, many important questions still need to be answered about the prevention and treatment of CAD in women. It is clear that modification of traditional risk factors, including treatment of hypertension, cessation of smoking, and treatment of hypercholesterolemia, can lead to a decrease in coronary events ... |
2,313,701 | Hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal asthmatic women. | Assessment of mean 24 h oestradiol (E2) and oestrone (E1) concentration and basic FSH secretion in postmenopausal asthmatic women, before and after HRT use, and to identify any connections between changes in hormone concentrations and patients' clinical state.</AbstractText>Postmenopausal women (55 asthmatic and 20 hea... |
2,313,702 | Hormone replacement therapy: changes in frequency and type of prescription by Dutch GPs during the last decade of the millennium. | The present study was conducted in order to determine the change of frequency and type of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) regimen newly prescribed by Dutch GPs.</AbstractText>A comparison was made of two data sets (multi-stage random samples) collected in 1987/88 and from 1995 to 1998 concerning women 40 years and ol... |
2,313,703 | The effect of hormone replacement therapy and route of administration on selected cardiovascular risk factors in post-menopausal women. | There is increasing use of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) by post-menopausal women. Observational epidemiological studies have shown reductions in cardiovascular risk factors in HRT users in the USA, but no randomized controlled trials of HRT have been carried out in the primary practice setting. Previous studies of... |
2,313,704 | Failure of the combination of sequential oral and transdermal estradiol plus norethisterone acetate to affect plasma homocysteine levels. | A high level of plasma homocysteine may be deleterious to vascular health. We therefore compared the effect of combinations of sequential oral and transdermal estradiol plus norethisterone acetate on plasma homocysteine.</AbstractText>Prospective, randomized study.</AbstractText>Outpatient department of obstetrics and ... |
2,313,705 | The endometrial response to sequential and continuous combined oestrogen-progestogen replacement therapy. | 1. To determine the prevalence of endometrial hyperplasia in postmenopausal women taking standard proprietary regimens of sequential oestrogen/progestogen; 2. to determine the effects of nine months treatment with an oral continuous combined regimen of 2 mg 17beta-oestradiol and 1 mg norethisterone acetate (Kliofem [Kl... |
2,313,706 | The nature of the effect of female gonadal hormone replacement therapy on cognitive function in post-menopausal women: a meta-analysis. | We reviewed epidemiological and experimental studies of female gonadal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on cognitive function in post-menopausal women and carried out meta-analyses. In healthy ageing women, HRT has small and inconsistent effects that include enhancement of verbal memory, abstract reasoning and informa... |
2,313,707 | Endometrial cancer in elderly women: A histologic and steroid receptor study. | Information on steroid receptor content in endometrial tissue of aging women is limited and somewhat controversial. The high incidence of endometrial cancer (EC) and the implication of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) in this group prompted the investigation of steroid receptors and endometrial cancer histology in the... |
2,313,708 | Serum osteocalcin and urinary crosslaps are suitable markers of bone turnover in response to short-term hormone replacement therapy. | In this study we evaluated the effect of short-term hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on bone formation (serum osteocalcin) and resorption markers (urinary type I collagen peptides (crosslaps), urinary total free pyridinoline (TPYRI) and urinary free deoxypyridinoline (DPYRI)) as well as female sex hormones (serum estr... |
2,313,709 | [Influence of hormone replacement therapy on the quality of life in postmenopausal women with hypertension]. | The effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on the quality of life in women with hypertension is still not clear. Thus, the aim of the study was to assess the effect of hormone replacement therapy on quality of life in postmenopausal women with essential hypertension by using a battery of standardized questionnaire... |
2,313,710 | Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy and breast cancer. | The concern that postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may cause cancer of the breast has generated much research in epidemiology, endocrinology, and tumor cell biology. The recognition that naturally occurring 17beta-estradiol is a weak genotoxic and mutagenic carcinogen provides a plausible background for ... |
2,313,711 | The levonorgestrel intrauterine system: therapeutic aspects. | Use of the levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine system (LNG IUS) is associated with a strong reduction in the number of days of bleeding and menstrual blood loss. This effect is based on the marked local action of the intrauterine release of levonorgestrel (LNG) on the endometrium. In suppressed endometrium the produc... |
2,313,712 | Progesterone and progestins: applications in gynecology. | Achievements obtained in infertility treatments over the past two decades have sparked interest in optimizing progesterone administration. Although progesterone is absorbed orally when ingested in micronized form, bioavailability is poor because of extensive liver metabolism. This explains why full predecidual transfor... |
2,313,713 | Progestins and cardiovascular risk markers. | Several risks are attributed to progestins as a class-effect; however, the progestins used in hormone replacement therapy (HRT) have varying pharmacologic properties and do not induce the same side effects. Natural progesterone (P) and some of its derivatives, such as the 19-norprogesterones, do not exert any androgeni... |
2,313,714 | Characterization of a coronavirus isolated from a diarrheic foal. | A coronavirus was isolated from feces of a diarrheic foal and serially propagated in human rectal adenocarcinoma (HRT-18) cells. Antigenic and genomic characterizations of the virus (isolate NC99) were based on serological comparison with other avian and mammalian coronaviruses and sequence analysis of the nucleocapsid... |
2,313,715 | Preperitoneal lipoleiomyoma of the abdominal wall in a postmenopausal woman. | Extrauterine leiomyomas are rare events. These tumors may be easily misdiagnosed as ovarian tumors at the clinical investigation. We present the first case of an otherwise healthy postmenopausal woman, hysterectomized 20 years ago, who developed a preperitoneal lipoleimoyoma in the 30-year-old scar of a Pfannenstiel in... |
2,313,716 | Uterine myoma in postmenopause: a comparison between two therapeutic schedules of HRT. | It is still controversial whether hormone replacement therapy (HRT) can affect the onset of uterine myomas or their growth in postmenopause. It is likely that some therapeutic schedules can influence the myometrial growth differently, due to a more potent stimulation of the uterine receptors. The aim of the present stu... |
2,313,717 | Canadian menopause study-I: Understanding women's intentions to utilise hormone replacement therapy. | This research examines women's intentions to use or to continue to use HRT, as a function of perceived advantages and disadvantages of HRT and perceived social support for utilising HRT.</AbstractText>A cross-national sample of 205 pre-, peri-, and postmenopausal women convened in 33 'Women's Health Discussion Groups' ... |
2,313,718 | Identifying early glaucomatous changes. Comparison between expert clinical assessment of optic disc photographs and confocal scanning ophthalmoscopy. | To compare the ability of expert clinicians, using qualitative assessment of stereoscopic optic disc photographs, and confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope imaging to discriminate between healthy persons and patients with early glaucoma.</AbstractText>Comparative instrument validation study.</AbstractText>Seventy-two ... |
2,313,719 | Glaucomatous optic disc changes in the contralateral eye of unilateral normal pressure glaucoma patients. | To evaluate the optic disc for structural abnormalities in the contralateral eye of unilateral normal pressure glaucoma patients.</AbstractText>Cross-sectional study.</AbstractText>Fifty-three unilateral normal pressure glaucoma patients.</AbstractText>Optic disc imaging with the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT).</Abs... |
2,313,720 | Members of the HRT family of basic helix-loop-helix proteins act as transcriptional repressors downstream of Notch signaling. | The Hairy-related transcription-factor (HRT) genes encode three related basic helix-loop-helix transcription factors that show sequence similarity to the Hairy and Enhancer of split family of transcriptional repressors. HRT proteins are expressed in specific regions of the developing heart, vasculature, pharyngeal arch... |
2,313,721 | How the reimbursement system may influence physicians' decisions results from focus groups interviews in France. | This paper analyzes how physicians' treatment choices are influenced by cost to the patient for four different diseases in France: mild hypertension, hay fever, dyspepsia and hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Five focus groups of physicians were conducted in the fall of 1998. The paper reviews the type of shifts and s... |
2,313,722 | Hormone replacement therapy and distensibility of carotid arteries in postmenopausal women: a randomized, controlled trial. | The study objective was to clarify in a randomized, controlled, observer-blind trial whether hormone replacement therapy (HRT) improves elastic properties of the common carotid artery in women with signs of subclinical atherosclerosis, especially in subgroups with increased risk, and whether less progestin enhances the... |
2,313,723 | [Serum concentration of selected neoplasm markers: CA15-3, TPS and CEA in women with diagnosed breast benign disease]. | The aim of the study was the assessment of serum concentrations of selected neoplasmatic markers: CA15-3, TPS and CEA in women with established diagnosis of benign breast disease (BBD) using hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for average 3 years. 120 women with BBD were divided to 2 groups: HRT-users (n1 = 24) and HRT-n... |
2,313,724 | [The influence of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on bone density in menopausal women in relation to vitamin D receptor (VDR) and estrogen receptor (ER)]. | The aim of the study was determination of VDR and ER alleles combination in woman with primary osteoporosis and estimation of bone mass increment after one year of estro-progestagen cyclic therapy enriched with vitamin D analogues, diet containing of calcium and regular physical exercises. The greatest mean BMD was obt... |
2,313,725 | [Hormone replacement: side effects and problems]. | Profound knowledge of the different activities and side effects of the various types and combinations of HRT regimens is of paramount importance for counseling peri- and postmenopausal women. In this article some practical aspects of different topics concerning HRT such as influence of HRT on blood sugar, diabetes, blo... |
2,313,726 | Osteoporosis Clinical Guideline. South African Medical Association--Osteoporosis Working Group. | This Guideline aims to improve the efficacy of both diagnostic and therapeutic interventions for osteoporosis. All health care workers are targeted in the Guideline. A rather detailed summary, which is cross-referenced to the full guideline, is provided to cater for the busy general practitioner. The motivation for the... |
2,313,727 | Relationship of serum leptin levels with body composition and sex steroid and insulin levels in men and women. | Whether the higher serum leptin levels in women are due to gender differences in fat mass or to other factors such as sex steroids remains unclear. In addition to sex steroids, serum insulin levels also appear to be related to leptin levels, although whether this effect is independent of the effects of body composition... |
2,313,728 | Estrogen, progesterone and the gastrointestinal tract. | Administration of postmenopausal hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) is increasing. Both estrogen and progesterone have established effects upon the gastrointestinal tract. Our objective was to review the current literature and inform the primary care obstetrician-gynecologist of the physiologic and possible therapeutic... |
2,313,729 | Premature ovarian failure: etiology and prospects. | A search of past and current articles on ovarian physiology and premature ovarian failure (POF) using MEDLINE was performed in order to present an overview of clinical manifestations, necessary laboratory investigations, possible etiologies and treatments for POF. POF is defined as gonadal failure before the age of 40 ... |
2,313,730 | Stable pessimistic attributions interact with socioeconomic status to influence blood pressure and vulnerability to hypertension. | We investigated the relationship of pessimistic attributional style (specifically, stable attributions for negative events) and socioeconomic status (SES) to cardiovascular and catecholamine profiles in a biracial sample of 37 postmenopausal women (aged 39-64 years) not taking hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Blood p... |
2,313,731 | Attitudes towards hormone replacement therapy among middle-aged women and men. | To survey the attitudes of middle-aged women and men towards HRT and associated issues. Men were included because of the possible influence of their attitudes on womens decisions to use HRT.</AbstractText>Two-hundred women and 311 men, (not wife and husbands), between 45 and 55 years of age, from a general population s... |
2,313,732 | Myocardial infarction complicating hormone replacement therapy in a young woman with normal coronary arteries. | We describe a 30-year-old Afro-Caribbean woman with a history of secondary amenorrhoea, who had been treated with HRT because of a presumed diagnosis of premature ovarian failure, and subsequently presented with an acute infero-lateral myocardial infarction. Subsequent coronary angiography demonstrated normal coronary ... |
2,313,733 | The basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor HESR1 regulates endothelial cell tube formation. | Human endothelial cells can be induced to form capillary-like tubular networks in collagen gels. We have used this in vitro model and representational difference analysis to identify genes involved in the formation of new blood vessels. HESR1 (HEY-1/HRT-1/CHF-2/gridlock), a basic helix-loop-helix protein related to the... |
2,313,734 | Effect of norethisterone acetate on estrogen metabolism in postmenopausal women. | Dominance of estradiol metabolism at the D-ring over the A-ring metabolism may play a role in the pathophysiology of human breast carcinogenesis. Currently, the influence of progestins on breast cancer risk is debated when added to postmenopausal estradiol replacement therapy. However, nothing is known about the action... |
2,313,735 | Effect of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy on dental outcomes: systematic review of the literature and pharmacoeconomic analysis. | A systematic review and economic analysis of clinical trials evaluating the effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on dental outcomes in postmenopausal women were conducted. Twenty published studies involving more than 13,735 postmenopausal women were summarized and analyzed. In prospective studies, the effect of ... |
2,313,736 | Plasma leptin levels in obese and non-obese postmenopausal women before and after hormone replacement therapy. | the aim of this study was to investigate the effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on plasma leptin levels in postmenopausal women, and the relationship between the plasma leptin levels and obesity.</AbstractText>premenopausal women with normal cycles (n=30; mean ages, 35.4+/-8.3 years) and postmenopausal women (... |
2,313,737 | Hormonal replacement therapy reduces forearm fracture incidence in recent postmenopausal women - results of the Danish Osteoporosis Prevention Study. | To study the fracture reducing potential of hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) in recent postmenopausal women in a primary preventive scenario.</AbstractText>Prospective controlled comprehensive cohort trial: 2016 healthy women aged 45-58 years, from three to 24 months past last menstrual bleeding were recruited from a... |
2,313,738 | Effect of hormone replacement therapy on age-related increase in carotid artery intima-media thickness in postmenopausal women. | The aim of this study was to determine the changes in carotid artery intima-media thickness as measured by B-mode ultrasound in postmenopausal women receiving hormone replacement therapy (HRT) or not. One hundred and fifty-nine healthy postmenopausal women aged 45-65 years were recruited from our menopause clinic. All ... |
2,313,739 | Regulation of platelet aggregation and adenosine triphosphate release in vitro by 17beta-estradiol and medroxyprogesterone acetate in postmenopausal women. | Clinical studies have suggested that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may reduce the risk of coronary heart disease in postmenopausal women. Although progestins are commonly added to HRT preparations for uteroprotection, the perceived beneficial cardiovascular effects of HRT are thought to be mediated predominantly by... |
2,313,740 | Temporal changes in clinic and ambulatory blood pressure during cyclic post-menopausal hormone replacement therapy. | Post-menopausal hormone replacement (HRT) might protect against cardiovascular disease, possibly by arterial vasodilation and reduced blood pressure. Progestogens are needed to avoid endometrial disease but vascular effects are controversial. The objective was to assess temporal changes in blood pressure (BP) by two me... |
2,313,741 | Long-term use of gonadotropin-releasing hormone analogs and hormone replacement therapy in the management of endometriosis: a randomized trial with a 6-year follow-up. | To identify the effects of long-term GnRH agonist use (6-24 months), with and without add-back therapy, and spontaneous reversibility of bone mass density (BMD) up to 6 years after treatment.</AbstractText>A prospective, randomized, long-term follow-up study.</AbstractText>Obstetrics and gynecology department in a univ... |
2,313,742 | Glucocorticoid-induced osteoporosis: pathogenesis and management. | Glucocorticoid- (GC-) induced osteoporosis and an increased risk of fractures are one of the most serious problems for patient using long-term GC therapy, such as those with rheumatoid arthritis, autoimmune diseases, inflammatory bowel diseases, bronchial asthma, and chronic lung diseases. GCs are known to affect both ... |
2,313,743 | Prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis with oestrogen replacement therapy and associated compounds: update on clinical trials since 1995. | Hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) is generally regarded as first choice for pharmacological prevention of osteoporosis in women. We reviewed recent studies of HRT regimens and selective oestrogen receptor modulators (SERMs), including controlled trials of at least one-year duration published since 1995 until February ... |
2,313,744 | Three-dimensional analysis of measurements of the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph. | With the aid of scanning laser tomography, feasible with the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT), refined structures can be measured three-dimensionally. Pictures are built up from scanned layers which are represented as two-dimensional topographical or reflectivity pictures by the HRT software. The kind of information t... |
2,313,745 | Hormone replacement therapy and glucose metabolism. | To determine whether hormone replacement therapy (HRT) alters glucose metabolism.</AbstractText>Cross-sectional data from the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (1988-1994) included levels of hemoglobin A(1c) in women with diagnosed diabetes and levels of hemoglobin A(1c), fasting and 2-hour glucose... |
2,313,746 | The heart and estrogen/progestin replacement study revisited: hormone replacement therapy produced net harm, consistent with the observational data. | Lower coronary event rates in women receiving hormone replacement therapy (HRT) have led to a presumption of benefit. The Heart and Estrogen/Progestin Replacement Study, a large randomized trial, observed a 1.4% first year excess of coronary events, well beyond the plausible play of chance on the expected effect. Over ... |
2,313,747 | HRT gene function requires interaction between a NAC protein and viral capsid protein to confer resistance to turnip crinkle virus. | An Arabidopsis protein was found to interact specifically with the capsid protein (CP) of turnip crinkle virus (TCV) through yeast two-hybrid screening. This protein, designated TIP (for TCV-interacting protein), was found to be a member of the recently recognized NAC family of proteins. NAC proteins have been implicat... |
2,313,748 | Disturbances of endometrial bleeding with hormone replacement therapy. | Breakthrough bleeding is a common problem in postmenopausal women taking hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and is often the single most important factor deterring women from continuing to use HRT, or from starting it in the first place. The mechanisms which underlie this unscheduled bleeding are poorly understood. The ... |
2,313,749 | Removal mechanisms of VOCs in an activated sludge process. | This study investigated the factors in plant operating parameters effecting volatile organic compound (VOC) removal and elucidated each individual mechanism in an activated sludge process (ASP). The results suggest that stripping increase with an increase in Henry's law constant with the exception of toluene, which dif... |
2,313,750 | Smoking, body mass index, socioeconomic status and the menopausal transition in a British national cohort. | This study investigates whether cigarette smoking, body mass index (BMI) and socioeconomic status are independently associated with age at menopausal transition.</AbstractText>Menopausal status and risk factor information were collected prospectively from 1572 British women followed up since their birth in 1946, so far... |
2,313,751 | Different circulatory response to melatonin in postmenopausal women without and with hormone replacement therapy. | In young men and women, melatonin influences vascular reactivity and reduces blood pressure and norepinephrine levels. Herein, we investigated whether these effects are conserved in postmenopausal women without and with hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Oral melatonin (1 mg) or placebo was randomly and in double blind... |
2,313,752 | Investigation and treatment of osteoporosis in patients with fragility fractures. | Many patients who have undiagnosed osteoporosis and a recent fragility fracture present to fracture clinics in Canadian hospitals, where the focus of management is on fracture care. The rate of diagnosis and treatment of osteoporosis in this patient group is unknown.</AbstractText>Patients who presented with fractures ... |
2,313,753 | Benefits and challenges of hormone replacement therapy. | HRT provides both prevention and treatment of osteoporosis. HRT is most likely beneficial in primary prevention of heart disease, and may have a role in preventing Alzheimer's disease and colon cancer. Prospective trials, such as the Women's Health Initiative, are needed to substantiate both benefits and risks. Decisio... |
2,313,754 | [Monitoring of morphometric changes of optic discs with morphologic progression of glaucomatous optic atrophy by means of laser scanner tomography]. | Aim of this study was to measure morphometric changes in optic discs with laser-scanning tomography (HRT, Heidelberg-Retina-Tomograph, Heidelberg) in eyes with early glaucomatous morphologic progression.</AbstractText>61 eyes of 36 patients with marked neuroretinal rim loss or its early morphologic signs (1. optic disc... |
2,313,755 | Use of hormone replacement therapy (Hrt) And detection of human papillomavirus (Hpv) Dna in postmenopausal women. | PURPOSE: This study investigated the association between detection of HPV DNA among current and past HRT users compared to never HRT users, duration of HRT use, and type of HRT (estrogen, estrogen/progestin).METHODS: Postmenopausal women (n = 390) were recruited from a university hospital and completed a questionnaire ... |
2,313,756 | Prior hrt use, ethnicity and mammographic density. | PURPOSE: Mammographic density has been strongly associated with breast cancer risk in several studies. To clarify possible pathogenic mechanisms underlying this relationship, we assessed factors affecting mammographic density in postmenopausal women.METHODS: Percent density (PD) was measured on pre-randomization mammog... |
2,313,757 | Effects of hormone replacement therapy on selected indices of immune function in postmenopausal women. | The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of long-term hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on selected indices of resting immune function in postmenopausal women. Postmenopausal women aged 54-66 were divided into two groups, those taking HRT (n = 17) and controls (n = 19). Blood samples were obtained and analy... |
2,313,758 | 17beta-estradiol, but not raloxifene, decreases thrombomodulin in the antithrombotic protein C pathway. | Raloxifene is a nonsteroidal selective estrogen receptor modulator (SERM) that mimics the effects of estrogen on some plasma lipids and may have direct effects on the vascular wall. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of 17beta-estradiol, raloxifene, and LY139,478 (a related benzothiophene SERM) on... |
2,313,759 | [What's new in hormone replacement therapy of postmenopausal women? II. Risks of hormone replacement therapy (HRT)]. | A 50 year old woman has a 10% lifetime risk of developing a breast cancer. Depending on the duration of the treatment, HRT can increase this risk by 30 to 45%. The risk of endometrial cancer, which affects 2.3% of women, is increased even if sequential progestogens are given together with estrogens. The risk of venous ... |
2,313,760 | [What's new in hormone replacement therapy for postmenopausal women? I. Advantages of hormone replacement therapy (HRT)]. | Different cohort studies have shown that HRT decreases the risk of cardio-vascular (C-V) disease and the risk of bone fracture by 30 to 50%. The only controlled study (HERS study) did not show any benefit of HRT with estradiol and medroxyprogesterone (MPG) in secondary prevention. The beneficial effect of estrogens on ... |
2,313,761 | Effects of norethisterone acetate addition to estradiol in long term HRT. | The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) among postmenopausal women living in the Lund area of Southern Sweden and to analyze treatment effects in different types or routes of HRT administration, as well as to compare with unopposed estrogen therapy.</Abst... |
2,313,762 | Effects of alendronate and hormone replacement therapy, alone or in combination, on bone mass in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis: a prospective, randomized study. | The effectiveness of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and alendronate, alone and in combination, was evaluated in 120 postmenopausal patients with osteoporosis with bone mineral density (BMD) measurements at least 2 SD below the mean value for young premenopausal subjects. They had no contra-indications to HRT or alen... |
2,313,763 | Effect of different cyclical sequential progestins on endometrial vascularity in postmenopausal women compared with the natural cycle: a morphometric analysis. | The effect of trimegestone-based and norethisterone-based hormone replacement therapy (HRT) regimens on the endometrial vascularity compared with that of the endometrium of the natural cycle were evaluated using immunohistochemical techniques. Endometrial vascular space area, diameter and number were defined in the fun... |
2,313,764 | Microbial sulfate reduction in a liquid-solid fluidized bed reactor. | A liquid-solid fluidized bed reactor was used to carry out sulfate reduction with a mixed culture of sulfate reducing bacteria. The bacteria were immobilized on porous glass beads. Stable fluidized bed operation with these biofilm-coated beads was possible. The low specific gravity of the hydrated beads allowed operati... |
2,313,765 | HRT to prevent cardiovascular disease. What studies show, how to advise patients. | How should you advise postmenopausal patients who are considering estrogen therapy? Do the potential cardiovascular benefits outweigh the risks? Does hormone therapy improve the cardiovascular risk profile in women with established coronary artery disease? In this article, Drs Wood and Cox help clarify the current clin... |
2,313,766 | Weight gain during menopause. Is it inevitable or can it be prevented? | The years surrounding the menopause are associated with weight gain, increased central adiposity, and decreased physical activity. While weight change occurs independent of menopausal status, adverse changes in body fat distribution and body composition may be due to hormonal changes occurring during the menopausal tra... |
2,313,767 | Improvement of reproducibility of macular volume measurements using the Heidelberg retinal tomograph. | To develop a more reproducible method of macular volumetric analysis in order to facilitate serial monitoring of changes in retinal oedema with time.</AbstractText>The Heidelberg retinal tomography (HRT) machine was used to scan the macula of 20 normal subjects and 40 diabetics with macular oedema. The volume above ref... |
2,313,768 | The sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value of screening mammography and symptomatic status. | To examine whether the accuracy of screening mammography varies according to symptomatic status reported at the time of screening.</AbstractText>Victoria, Australia, where free biennial screening is provided to women aged 40 and older.</AbstractText>We examined the sensitivity, specificity, and the positive predictive ... |
2,313,769 | The efficacy and tolerability of alendronate in postmenopausal osteoporotic Chinese women: a randomized placebo-controlled study. | Osteoporosis is a growing health problem in Asian women and it is expected that half of the world's hip fractures will occur in Asia in 50 years' time. As the use of hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) is extremely low in postmenopausal Asian women, nonhormonal agents will be more acceptable for the treatment and preven... |
2,313,770 | Hormone replacement therapy should be administered as secondary prevention of coronary artery disease. | * Coronary artery disease in women is associated temporally with the occurrence of menopause and loss of estrogen. * Consistently, epidemiologic evidence indicates a beneficial effect of HRT on the development of CAD (primary prevention). * Observational data in women with known CAD indicate improved angioplasty and mo... |
2,313,771 | Factors determining the use of hormone replacement therapy in recent naturally postmenopausal women participating in the French SU.VI.MAX cohort. | The determinants of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) were studied in a cohort of recently postmenopausal women participating, in France, in a nutritional study (SU.VI.MAX Study). Analysis was performed-analysis on 592 women aged 45 years or more, who had undergone natural menopause which appeared in the 2 previous yea... |
2,313,772 | Sublingual administration of micronized estradiol and progesterone, with and without micronized testosterone: effect on biochemical markers of bone metabolism and bone mineral density. | The purpose of this investigation was to evaluate the relative efficacy of the sublingual administration of micronized estradiol (E2), progesterone (P4), and testosterone (T) on bone mineral density and biochemical markers of bone metabolism.</AbstractText>In this double-blind, prospective study, postmenopausal women w... |
2,313,773 | Is there an association between menopause status and sexual functioning? | The purpose of this study was to address whether: (1) there is an association between menopause status and various aspects of sexual functioning, and (2) the relative contributions of menopause status and other variables to various aspects of sexual functioning.</AbstractText>Analyses are based on 200 women from the Ma... |
2,313,774 | The comparison of effects of tibolone and conjugated estrogen-medroxyprogesterone acetate therapy on sexual performance in postmenopausal women. | To compare the effects of two different postmenopausal regimens on sexual performance.</AbstractText>A single blind prospective clinical study was planned on fifty natural postmenopausal women with no absolute contraindication for hormone replacement therapy (HRT). A total of 25 women were randomized for tibolone thera... |
2,313,775 | Evaluation of the applicability of HRT as a preservative of muscle strength in women. | To review the studies that have been undertaken on the effects of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT); especially oestrogen (+progestin) regimens on the preservation of muscle strength. Current knowledge of the mechanisms and actions of steroid- and sex hormones on skeletal muscle tissue will be used in an... |
2,313,776 | Effects of estrogens and hormone replacement therapy on breast cancer risk and on efficacy of breast cancer therapies. | This review summarises preclinical and clinical data on effects of endogenous and exogenous estrogens on probability of breast cancer diagnosis, and on the course and efficacy of breast cancer therapies. The data indicate that higher endogenous estrogen exposure (e.g. pregnancy, early menarche and late menopause, estro... |
2,313,777 | Raloxifene: a review of its use in postmenopausal osteoporosis. | Raloxifene is a selective estrogen receptor modulator that partially mimics the effects of estrogens in bone and the cardiovascular system, while functioning as an antiestrogen in endometrial and breast tissue. In randomised placebo-controlled studies involving postmenopausal women or patients with osteoporosis, raloxi... |
2,313,778 | The long-term effectiveness of preventive strategies for osteoporosis in postmenopausal women: a modeling approach. | Based on data from the literature, we have developed a computer-based simulation model to compare the long-term effectiveness of different preventive strategies of osteoporotic fractures. The Markov model comprises 25 states, including states which describe women distributed according to three levels of fracture risk, ... |
2,313,779 | Comparison of serum and urine assays for biochemical markers of bone resorption in postmenopausal women with and without hormone replacement therapy and in men. | Biochemical markers of bone resorption have been used to characterize metabolic bone disease and assess therapeutic response. Most studies have used the urinary measurement of collagen crosslinks, but serum assays have recently been developed that may have less analytic and biologic variability. In the present study, w... |
2,313,780 | Hormone replacement therapy and 24-hour blood pressure profile of postmenopausal women. | Menopause is associated with an increase in blood pressure (BP) and a decrease in physiologic nocturnal BP fall. These factors may play a role in the increased risk of cardiovascular events after menopause. Some studies indicate that transdermal estrogen replacement therapy may help restore the 24-h BP profile, but dat... |
2,313,781 | Hormone replacement therapy in a postmenopausal woman with epilepsy. | To prospectively evaluate the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on seizure activity in a postmenopausal woman with epilepsy.</AbstractText>Postmenopausal women are at an increased risk for cardiovascular disease and osteoporosis secondary to a lack of estrogen's protective effects. As a result, women without... |
2,313,782 | Postmenopausal hypertension. | Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death in women and claims the lives of more than half a million women every year. Hypertension is one of the most prevalent and powerful contributors to atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Hypertension affects more men than women until 55 years of age, but after age 55... |
2,313,783 | The relationship between plasma viscosity and cholesterol in postmenopausal women on hormone replacement therapy. | In women, cardiovascular morbidity and mortality sharply increase after the onset of menopause. There is substantial evidence that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may decrease the risk of coronary heart disease; however the mechanism is unclear. We investigated the relationship between HRT and plasma viscosity as wel... |
2,313,784 | Risk of hormone replacement therapy in stroke patients. | Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) (oestrogen with or without progestin) is often initiated with the onset of menopause to decrease symptoms of oestrogen deficiency, such as vasomotor instability (hot flashes) and urogenital effects (1-3). HRT can also prevent long-term consequences of oestrogen deficiency, such as oste... |
2,313,785 | Local factors modulate tissue-specific NEFA utilization: assessment in rats using 3H-(R)-2-bromopalmitate. | Insulin-resistant states are associated with accumulation of muscle lipid, suggesting an imbalance between lipid uptake and oxidation. We have employed a new fatty-acid tracer [9,10-3H]-(R)-2-bromopalmitate (3H-R-BrP) to study individual-tissue nonesterified fatty acid (NEFA) uptake in states with diminished or enhance... |
2,313,786 | Bone mineral density in lung-transplant recipients before and after graft: prevention of lumbar spine post-transplantation-accelerated bone loss by pamidronate. | Lung-transplant recipients are at risk of osteoporosis. They may have low bone mass even before posttransplantation immunosuppressive therapy. We studied bone mineral density (BMD) before and after lung transplantation and compared the efficacy of antiresorptive therapies to calcium and vitamin D supplementation.</Abst... |
2,313,787 | Ultrasonographic evaluation of optic disc swelling: comparison with CSLO in idiopathic intracranial hypertension. | To determine the accuracy and reproducibility of ultrasonographic (US) readings of optic disc elevations in patients with papilledema compared with confocal scanning laser ophthalmoscope (CSLO) measurements.</AbstractText>One randomly selected eye of 22 patients with idiopathic intracranial hypertension (IIH) and a var... |
2,313,788 | Use of sequential Heidelberg retina tomograph images to identify changes at the optic disc in ocular hypertensive patients at risk of developing glaucoma. | To determine if global and segmental changes in optic disc parameters of sequential Heidelberg retina tomograph (HRT) images develop in individual ocular hypertensive (OHT) patients without white on white visual field defects.</AbstractText>Patients and normal controls were recruited from a prospective ocular hypertens... |
2,313,789 | Neurohormonal signalling pathways and the regulation of Alzheimer beta-amyloid metabolism. | Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the intracranial accumulation of the 4 kDa amyloid beta peptide (A beta), following proteolysis of a approximately 700 amino acid, integral membrane precursor, the amyloid beta precursor protein (APP). The best evidence causally linking APP to AD has been provided by the dis... |
2,313,790 | Megakaryocyte population in human bone marrow increases with estrogen treatment: a role in bone remodeling? | Skeletal effects of conventional hormone replacement therapy (HRT) are predominately antiresorptive, while high doses of estrogen have anabolic effects. The mechanisms mediating these effects are unclear but may involve cells in the bone marrow. We have investigated the in vivo effects of estrogen on the megakaryocyte ... |
2,313,791 | Vascular impedance of uterine, inferior vesicle, and ophthalmic arteries in postmenopausal women receiving hormonal replacement therapy: comparative Doppler study. | To investigate the effects of combined hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on vascular impedance of the uterine, the inferior vesicle, and the ophthalmic arteries.</AbstractText>Thirty-five postmenopausal patients were divided in two groups: 21 patients with 1-5 years of menopause and 14 patients with =6 years of menopau... |
2,313,792 | Update on cancer control in women. | The global cancer burden in women appears to have stabilized according to the most recent estimates available although the distribution of cancer types appears to be changing with a sharp contrast between the increase in the absolute numbers of breast cancers and a decline in cervix cancers. Prospects for cancer contro... |
2,313,793 | Postmenopausal hormone use following a 3-year randomized clinical trial. | Postmenopausal women often discontinue estrogen therapy within the first year. No studies have examined reasons why women continue or discontinue hormone replacement therapy (HRT) after several years of use, when hormone side effects have subsided. We wanted to identify determinants of estrogen use after participation ... |
2,313,794 | Raloxifene. Not better than estrogen. | Raloxifene is marketed in France for prevention of nontraumatic vertebral fracture in postmenopausal women. In animal pharmacology studies, it was found to both agonize and antagonize estrogen. The assessment file is methodologically sound but fails to answer many practical questions. A placebo-controlled trial showed ... |
2,313,795 | A survey of ocular complaints in postmenopausal women. | Aging patients often complain about chronic ocular irritation, which is commonly related to dryness of the eyes. To determine the effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on ocular complaints and tear production, we compared these parameters in postmenopausal women who were taking or not taking HRT. A questionnaire ... |
2,313,796 | Discussion of hormone replacement therapy between physicians and their patients. | We determined the relationship between patients' socioeconomic status and discussions with their primary care physicians about hormone replacement therapy (HRT) among women facing a decision about HRT within the prior year. The study included telephone interviews and medical record reviews. The setting was a general me... |
2,313,797 | Search for an optimal combination of structural and functional parameters for the diagnosis of glaucoma. Multivariate analysis of confocal scanning laser tomograph, blue-on-yellow visual field and retinal nerve fiber layer data. | The purpose of this study was to evaluate which of the structural and functional parameters--the Heidelberg Retina Tomograph (HRT), white-on-white (W/W) and blue-on-yellow (B/Y) visual fields and semiquantitative retinal nerve fiber layer (RNFL) scoring parameters--can give the best separation between non-glaucomatous ... |
2,313,798 | Prevalence and duration of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy use in a managed care organization, 1990-1995. | To determine the prevalence and duration of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use and identify correlates of adherence to therapy.</AbstractText>Population-based cohort study.</AbstractText>Staff-model health maintenance organization.</AbstractText>Female members, 40 years and older.</AbstractText>Preval... |
2,313,799 | [Usefulness of the relationship between follicular stimulating hormone, deoxypyridinoline, estradiol, and inhibin as decision criterion for starting replacement hormone therapy in climacteric and its correlation with symptomatology]. | There is no precise indication for the adequate moment to start hormone replacement therapy (HRT).</AbstractText>To evaluate several indexes obtained with serum levels of follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), estradiol (E2), estrone (E) and inhibin and urinary deoxypyridinoline (DPD) and correlate them with Kupperman ind... |
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