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2,313,600 | HRT dosing regimens: continuous versus cyclic-pros and cons. | The introduction of new products, lower dosages, and better continuous and cyclic regimens allows for individualized treatment aimed at minimizing risk and side effects, while maximizing confidence and compliance. Since the major side effect of HRT that discourages long-term use is vaginal bleeding, newer regimens are ... |
2,313,601 | Patient communication in hormone therapy. | Common regimens of HRT therapy are reviewed, including common routes of hormone administration. Inconsistent patterns of HRT use are discussed, including the reasons women most often give for discontinuing hormone therapies. Specific issues related to misperceptions and fears regarding HRT are clarified, and specific, ... |
2,313,602 | Estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women: a study of the efficacy of estriol and changes in plasma gonadotropin levels. | The purpose of this study was to clarify the efficacy of estriol for estrogen replacement therapy in postmenopausal women with undefined symptoms and to evaluate endocrinological changes during therapy in relation to clinical outcome. Administration of 2 mg estriol in 168 postmenopausal patients was markedly effective ... |
2,313,603 | Comparison of soft tissue body composition in postmenopausal women with or without hormone replacement therapy considering the influence of reproductive history and lifestyle. | To examine long-term effects of at least 5 years' conventional hormone replacement therapy (HRT), reproductive history and lifestyle on fat mass and muscle mass in postmenopausal women.</AbstractText>A cross-sectional retrospective approach was used, including 64 healthy women (56-69 years, mean age 63.4 years). Hormon... |
2,313,604 | A preliminary study of hormone replacement therapy and psychological mood states in perimenopausal women. | Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) for perimenopausal women has been suggested to minimize the physical symptoms of menopause and improve mood and psychological functioning; however, the therapy remains controversial. In this study the effects of such therapy (comprising tablets, patches, and implants) on mood states wa... |
2,313,605 | Histamine release test and measurement of antigen-specific IgE antibody in the diagnosis of allergic conjunctival diseases. | Although systemic allergic laboratory tests for the quantification of allergen-specific serum IgE antibody have been widely used, in these tests a high titer of serum specific IgE does not necessarily indicate evidence of allergy. We evaluated the diagnostic value of the glass microfiber-based histamine release test (H... |
2,313,606 | Short-term effects of three continuous hormone replacement therapy regimens on platelet tritiated imipramine binding and mood scores: a prospective randomized trial. | To evaluate the effects of continuous hormone replacement therapy (HRT) regimens on platelet-tritiated ((3)H-) imipramine binding (Bmax) and mood.</AbstractText>Prospective randomized study.</AbstractText>University hospital.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="PATIENT(S)" NlmCategory="METHODS">Sixty postmenopausal pati... |
2,313,607 | Role of estrogens in the management of postmenopausal bone loss. | It is well known that estrogen deficiency is the major determinant of bone loss in postmenopausal women. Estrogen is important to the bone remodeling process through direct and indirect actions on bone cells. The largest clinical experience exists with estrogen therapy, demonstrating its successful prevention of osteop... |
2,313,608 | Significance of cytologically normal endometrial cells in cervical smears from postmenopausal women. | To determine the significance of cytologically normal endometrial cells in cervicovaginal (CV) smears from postmenopausal women over age 55 years.</AbstractText>From January 1995 to January 1998, 220 women had CV smears demonstrating cytologically normal endometrial cells. The menopausal status, hormone replacement the... |
2,313,609 | Transdermal oestrogen therapy protects postmenopausal liver transplant women from osteoporosis. A 2-year follow-up study. | <AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND/AIMS" NlmCategory="OBJECTIVE">Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) prevents osteoporosis in postmenopausal women by inhibiting bone resorption, but the benefits of oestrogen therapy in liver transplant patients have not been studied.</AbstractText>The effect of transdermal HRT was studied i... |
2,313,610 | Treatment with parathyroid peptides and estrogen replacement for severe postmenopausal vertebral osteoporosis: prediction of long-term responses in spine and femur. | Fifteen women with severe vertebral osteoporosis were treated with daily parathyroid peptide (hPTH) plus hormone-replacement co-therapy (HRT) for 1 year. Eight other patients were randomized to HRT alone. Co-therapy with hPTH and HRT resulted in an impressive mean treatment response at the spine (dual-energy X-ray abso... |
2,313,611 | Significance of "normal" endometrial cells in cervical cytology from asymptomatic postmenopausal women receiving hormone replacement therapy. | The aim of this study is to assess the significance of normal endometrial cells identified in screening Pap smears from asymptomatic postmenopausal women taking hormone replacement therapy (HRT).</AbstractText>Endometrial histology reported from 93 asymptomatic postmenopausal women receiving HRT noted to have normal en... |
2,313,612 | Nitrification of high strength ammonia wastewaters: comparative study of immobilisation media. | Due to legislative pressures, sludge production and processing in the UK will increase substantially in the future resulting in a supernatant liquid high in ammonia (500-1000 mg l-1) and "hard" COD (approximately 500 mg l-1). A small footprint reactor is required to effectively nitrify this effluent, and the aim of thi... |
2,313,613 | Can variability in the hormonal status of elderly women assist in the decision to administer estrogens? | Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been proposed for the prevention and treatment of many chronic conditions, ranging from osteoporosis, heart disease, urinary incontinence, and Alzheimer's disease. With the exception of osteoporosis, however, many of the suggested benefits remain controversial. Part of the controve... |
2,313,614 | [Hormone replacement therapy and cardiovascular risk in menopausal women]. | The incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) differs markedly with regard to gender and age. Women have CVD 10 years later than men. Estrogen seems to play a key role in mediating the risk of CVD in women. The relative risk of CVD is lower in women before menopause and equals that of men between the 6th and 7th decade... |
2,313,615 | How large is the optic disc? Systematic errors in fundus cameras and topographers. | To determine whether or not there are systematic differences in the areas of optic discs as measured by different machines using different measurement algorithms and whether racial or gender differences exist in optic disc area measurements.</AbstractText>We examined the results of twenty-three published studies on the... |
2,313,616 | Hormone replacement therapy and cognition: systematic review and meta-analysis. | Some observational data suggest that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may reduce the risk of cognitive decline and dementia but results have been conflicting.</AbstractText>To review and evaluate studies of HRT for preventing cognitive decline and dementia in healthy postmenopausal women.</AbstractText>Studies with En... |
2,313,617 | Design parameters for an electrochemical cell with porous electrode to treat metal-ion solution. | An electrochemical reactor was designed and operated to treat the solution containing copper ions. Design parameters for the electrochemical reactor using the porous cathode and RuO2/IrO2/Ti anode were investigated. The porous cathode was prepared by the electroless nickel deposition on polyurethane. The apparent curre... |
2,313,618 | Combined phosphate and nitrogen removal in a sequencing batch reactor using the aerobic denitrifier, Microvirgula aerodenitrificans. | A phosphate removal sludge was bioaugmented with the aerobic denitrifier, Microvirgula aerodenitrificans in order to reduce the nitrate produced during the aerobic nitrifying-phosphate uptake phase. Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) was used to follow the fate of the added strain. In order to maintain the pure s... |
2,313,619 | Hybrid reactor for priority pollutant-trichloroethylene removal. | The present study was initiated to explore the potential of a hybrid biological reactor, combining trickling filter (TF) and activated sludge process (ASP), to treat wastewater containing trichloroethylene (TCE) at ambient temperature at different hydraulic retention time (HRT). The biofilm acclimation was achieved in ... |
2,313,620 | Effects of hormone replacement on hemostasis in spontaneous menopause. | To examine the effects of continuous combined estrogen-progesterone replacement therapy on coagulation and natural anticoagulant systems in spontaneous menopause.</AbstractText>A randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study was conducted during a 6-month period to examine the effect of hormone replacement therapy... |
2,313,621 | Frail older women's participation in a trial of hormone replacement therapy: perceived benefits and concerns. | The aim of this study was to identify the reasons that were important to frail older women's decisions to participate or not participate in a clinical trial of hormone replacement therapy (HRT).</AbstractText>We conducted a cross-sectional study of a community-based sample of physically frail women > or = 75 years o... |
2,313,622 | Consequences of long-term hormone replacement therapy. | The use of oestrogens in the longer term is an area of considerable current scientific and clinical debate. The extra-reproductive range of oestrogen actions is broad, with these steroid hormones and their receptors (ERs) being intimately involved in the normal function of, inter alia, the adult female skeleton, the ca... |
2,313,623 | Promotion of S-phase entry and cell growth under serum starvation by SAG/ROC2/Rbx2/Hrt2, an E3 ubiquitin ligase component: association with inhibition of p27 accumulation. | The sensitive-to-apoptosis gene (SAG) was initially identified as a redox-inducible, apoptosis-protective protein and subsequently found to be the second family member of regulator of cullins (ROC)/RING box protein (Rbx)/Hrt, which acts as a component of E3 ubiquitin ligase. We report here that SAG promoted cell growth... |
2,313,624 | Prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing in women: effects of gender. | The prevalence of sleep-disordered breathing has not been well studied in women, especially in terms of the effects of age, body mass index (BMI), and menopause. We evaluated this question using a two-phase random sample from the general population. In Phase I, 12,219 women and 4,364 men ranging in age from 20 to 100 y... |
2,313,625 | Hormone replacement therapy, prothrombotic mutations, and the risk of incident nonfatal myocardial infarction in postmenopausal women. | Estrogens are known to be prothrombotic, and findings from the Heart and Estrogen/progestin Replacement Study suggest that in women with clinically recognized heart disease, hormone replacement therapy (HRT) may be associated with early harm and late benefit in terms of coronary events.</AbstractText>To assess whether,... |
2,313,626 | HRT and its impact on the menopause, osteoporosis and breast cancer. | Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is a widely used treatment for vasomotor symptoms of the menopause. In this respect, there is a wealth of randomised evidence that it is an effective and cost-effective treatment, achieving substantial quality of life gains for relatively low cost. On the other hand, potentially major ... |
2,313,627 | Incidence of cancer among women using long versus monthly cycle hormonal replacement therapy, Finland 1994-1997. | This study was initiated as a consequence of a clinical observation in one hospital of several endometrial carcinomas among users of a fixed combination of a 3-month cycle oral hormonal replacement therapy (HRT), which has been marketed in Finland since 1990. We studied whether the use of 3-month ("long") cycle HRT is ... |
2,313,628 | [Effects of hormone replacement therapy for menopause on prognostic factors of breast cancer]. | Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is widely used by post-menopausal women. Although this treatment may slightly increase the incidence of breast cancer, more and more cases are diagnosed while women are taking HRT. The purpose of this study was to ascertain the influence of HRT on prognostic factors and outcome of brea... |
2,313,629 | Estrogen and estrogen plus progestin act directly on the mammary gland to increase proliferation in a postmenopausal mouse model. | Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with ovarian hormones is an important therapeutic modality for postmenopausal women. However, a negative side effect of HRT is an increased risk of breast cancer. Surgical induction of menopause by ovariectomy (OVX) in mice is an experimental model that may provide insights into the ef... |
2,313,630 | p53 as a significant prognostic marker in endometrial carcinoma. | Although several studies have reported that p53 overexpression is associated with poor survival from endometrial cancer, this relationship might be confounded by a number of possible factors. The objective of this study was to examine the prognostic role of p53 overexpression in endometrial cancer when a panel of well-... |
2,313,631 | Differential effects on the androgen status of postmenopausal women treated with tibolone and continuous combined estradiol and norethindrone acetate replacement therapy. | To determine serum parameters reflective of androgen status in postmenopausal women using two types of hormone replacement therapy (HRT).</AbstractText>Randomized, double-blind, prospective 1-year trial of two oral HRT regimens.</AbstractText>University hospital, department of obstetrics and gynecology, menopause clini... |
2,313,632 | Analysis of the contribution of dydrogesterone to bone turnover changes in postmenopausal women commencing hormone replacement therapy. | Although gestagens have been reported to influence bone metabolism, whether these contribute to the beneficial effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on the skeleton of postmenopausal women is currently unclear. To address this question, we compared changes in bone turnover markers after commencing HRT in 26 post... |
2,313,633 | Clinical characteristics and disposition kinetics of the hepatomegaly associated with acute, uncomplicated, Plasmodium falciparum malaria in children.<Pagination><StartPage>7</StartPage><EndPage>18</EndPage><MedlinePgn>7-18</MedlinePgn></Pagination><Abstract><AbstractText>The clinical characteristics and the kinetics o... | The clinical characteristics and the kinetics of the disposition of the hepatomegaly associated with acute, uncomplicated Plasmodium falciparum malaria were investigated in 162 children in an endemic area of Nigeria. Hepatomegaly was significantly more common in the younger than in the older children. Complete resoluti... |
2,313,634 | 'Natural' progesterone creams for postmenopausal women. | Creams containing 'natural' progesterone for application to the skin have been available over the counter in mainland Europe and the USA for around 20 years. They are not licensed in the UK and their availability here (in the form of Pro-Gest or Pro-Juven creams, all distributed by Higher Nature) is limited to provisio... |
2,313,635 | Hormone-replacement therapy increases serum paraoxonase arylesterase activity in diabetic postmenopausal women. | The paraoxonase (PON1) enzyme is associated with high-density lipoproteins (HDL) in the blood and is low in patients with type 2 diabetes. Hormone-replacement therapy (HRT) can increase HDL cholesterol levels, but its effect on serum PON1 arylesterase activity is uncertain. The aim of the present study was to determine... |
2,313,636 | Reproductive factors and risk of intermediate- or high-grade B-Cell non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in women. | The incidence rates of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) unrelated to human immunodeficiency virus infection are lower for women than for men; yet, few factors have been identified that may account for this difference in risk. NHL is difficult to study epidemiologically because this disorder represents a group of malignanci... |
2,313,637 | Colour removal from a simulated dye wastewater using a two-phase anaerobic packed bed reactor. | In recent years, rapid technological advances in the textile and dyeing industry have yielded benefits to society but have also generated new and significant environmental problems. The treatment alternatives applicable for the removal of colour vary, depending upon the type of dye wastewater. A synthetic, simulated mi... |
2,313,638 | Effect of process configuration and substrate complexity on the performance of anaerobic processes. | The roles of substrate complexity (molecular size of the substrate) and process configuration in anaerobic wastewater treatment were investigated to determine optimal methanogenic technology parameters. Five substrates (glucose, propionate, butyrate, ethanol, and lactate) plus a mixed waste (60% carbohydrate, 34% prote... |
2,313,639 | Enhanced biodegradation of petrochemical wastewater using ozonation and BAC advanced treatment system. | The characteristics of degradation/conversion of bio-refractory and the growth of a biofilm are investigated in laboratory-scale pre-ozonation and lifted moving-bed biological activated carbon (BAC) advanced treatment processes treating phenol, benzoic acid, aminobenzoic acid and petrochemical industry wastewater which... |
2,313,640 | Simultaneous urea hydrolysis, formaldehyde removal and denitrification in a multifed upflow filter under anoxic and anaerobic conditions. | A multifed upflow filter (MUF), working under anoxic or anaerobic conditions, coupled with an aerobic biofilm airlift suspension (BAS) reactor was operated in order to treat a wastewater with high formaldehyde (up to 1.5 g L-1) and urea (up to 0.46 g L-1) concentrations. In the MUF, formaldehyde removal, denitrificatio... |
2,313,641 | Changes in sexual behavior in Bulgarian women after the menopause. | Sexual dysfunction is frequently observed in postmenopausal women but there are few epidemiological studies of the relationship between the menopause and sexual functioning. An epidemiological study of sexual function was performed among 619 Bulgarian women aged between 40 and 58 years. Two hundred and eighty-five (46%... |
2,313,642 | White rust (Albugo candida) resistance loci on three Arabidopsis chromosomes are closely linked to downy mildew (Peronospora parasitica) resistance loci. | Summary Two accessions of Arabidopsis thaliana (Ksk-1 and Ksk-2) were used to identify and map three loci (RAC1, RAC2 and RAC3) of genes that confer Resistance to Albugo candida (white rust). The phenotypes associated with these genes were classified as either FN (necrotic flecks on upper surface of cotyledons and no b... |
2,313,643 | Immune effects of hormone replacement therapy in post-menopausal women. | Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) confers many health benefits to post-menopausal women. Despite links between estrogen and immune function prior to menopause, the immune status of women receiving HRT has not been rigorously investigated. This case-control study uses clinical laboratory assessment, flow cytometry, and ... |
2,313,644 | Constant estrogen, intermittent progestogen vs. continuous combined hormone replacement therapy: tolerability and effect on vasomotor symptoms. | To compare the efficacy and tolerability of a novel oral constant estrogen plus intermittent progestogen hormone replacement therapy (HRT) regimen to a continuous combined HRT regimen in postmenopausal women.</AbstractText>Subjects were randomly assigned to receive treatment with either constant 17beta-estradiol (E2), ... |
2,313,645 | Plasma endothelin in postmenopausal women with type 2 diabetes mellitus and metabolic syndrome: a comparison of oral combined and transdermal oestrogen-only replacement therapy. | Type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome are major cardiovascular risk factors in postmenopausal women, but the role of vasoconstrictive endothelin-1 (ET-1) in these conditions is not known. We studied the levels of ET-1 and the effect of postmenopausal hormonal therapy on ET-1 levels in postmenopausal women.</AbstractTe... |
2,313,646 | Hormone replacement therapy: the views of general practitioners and practice nurses. | The knowledge and attitudes of primary healthcare professionals have been cited as barriers to appropriate uptake of hormone replacement therapy (HRT). This questionnaire survey of general practitioners and practice nurses revealed positive attitudes to HRT but uncovered a lack of pharmacological knowledge. |
2,313,647 | Treatment options for the menopausal woman. | Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is not benign; its adverse effects can be as serious as the health threats it was designed to prevent. An element of trial and error exists when tailoring a patient treatment regimen. Lack of clinician knowledge and poor clinician-patient communication can result in incorrect or subopt... |
2,313,648 | Modifiable and nonmodifiable factors associated with osteoporosis in postmenopausal women: results from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, 1988-1994. | We wished to study the relationship between modifiable and nonmodifiable factors that were correlated with osteoporosis using a national sample of women aged 50 years and older who have never been on hormone replacement therapy (HRT). We used a cross-sectional study design with a nationally representative sample with a... |
2,313,649 | New neuroretinal rim blood flow evaluation method combining Heidelberg retina flowmetry and tomography. | Accurate Heidelberg retina flowmeter (HRF) measurements require correct manual setting of the HRF photodetector sensitivity. The neuroretinal rim produces a weak signal relative to the peripapillary retina. A newly developed HRF alignment and sensitivity protocol, capable of accurate rim measurement, was investigated.<... |
2,313,650 | Scanning laser ophthalmoscopy of the optic nerve head in exfoliation glaucoma and ocular hypertension with exfoliation syndrome. | To study the relation between optic nerve head topography (Heidelberg retina tomograph, HRT) and disc area, visual field index mean defect (MD), and intraocular pressure (IOP), and to see whether change in HRT parameters is associated with change in MD in a prospective follow up.</AbstractText>80 consecutive patients (... |
2,313,651 | Effect of exogenous melatonin on vascular reactivity and nitric oxide in postmenopausal women: role of hormone replacement therapy. | Several effects of melatonin are modulated by gonadal steroids and are reduced in ageing women. Administration of melatonin reduces internal carotid artery pulsatility index (PI), and blood pressure in young individuals. Whether these effects are conserved in postmenopausal women and are influenced by hormone replaceme... |
2,313,652 | Is a dense mammographic parenchymal pattern a contraindication to hormonal replacement therapy? | The aim of the study was to find out whether the effect of hormonal replacement therapy (HRT) is modified by the mammographic parenchymal patterns on the risk of breast cancer. Subjects were 4163 Finnish women aged 40-47 years at entry who were invited to breast cancer screening every second year from 1982 to 1990. Mam... |
2,313,653 | Breast cancer survival and hormone replacement therapy: a cohort analysis. | Controversy exists regarding the safety of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) after a diagnosis of breast cancer. The objective of this study is to perform a matched cohort analysis to evaluate the impact of HRT on mortality in breast cancer survivors. Patients with breast cancer who received HRT after diagnosis of brea... |
2,313,654 | Hormone replacement therapy after invasive ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma treatment: the effect on survival. | Our report deals with the presumed influence of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on the survival of patients with invasive ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma.</AbstractText>We selected a group of 24 patients with the diagnosis of invasive ovarian serous cystadenocarcinoma who were treated with HRT after primary surgica... |
2,313,655 | The effects of sequential combined oral 17beta-estradiol norethisterone acetate on insulin sensitivity and body composition in healthy postmenopausal women: a randomized single blind placebo-controlled study. | The androgenic effect of progestogen, necessary in early postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT), may adversely affect insulin sensitivity as well as body fat distribution and thereby increase the cardiovascular risk profile. The impact of HRT with sequential combined oral 17beta-estradiol and norethisterone a... |
2,313,656 | Glycaemic control and hormone replacement therapy: implications of the Postmenopausal Estrogen/Progestogen Intervention (PEPI) study. | Despite evidence that supports the beneficial effects of postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT), concerns remain about its possible adverse effects. However, entry into the postmenopausal state is associated with many characteristics of the insulin resistance syndrome, including increased cardiovascular morbi... |
2,313,657 | Testosterone: its role in development of prostate cancer and potential risk from use as hormone replacement therapy. | Evidence from studies in patients with prostate cancer of intermittent hormone therapy combined with results from rechallenge of hormone resistant patients with testosterone demonstrate that the majority of prostate cancers retain a similar degree of dependence on male sex hormone milieu as normal prostate cells. Yet t... |
2,313,658 | Biodegradation of phenol in a continuous process: comparative study of stirred tank and fluidized-bed bioreactors. | The paper presents the main results obtained from the study of the biodegradation process of phenol by a pure culture of Pseudomonas putida ATCC 17484. The experimental work was carried out in two different systems: a stirred tank where cells grew as a suspended culture and a fluidized bed where cells were immobilized ... |
2,313,659 | The role of HRT and low temperature on the acid-phase anaerobic digestion of municipal and industrial wastewaters. | Two identical 31 completely mixed reactors with solids recycling capabilities were used to investigate the effects of hydraulic retention time (HRT) and low temperatures on volatile fatty acid (VFA) production. One reactor was fed with a 1:1 ratio of diluted primary sludge and a starch-rich industrial wastewater, while... |
2,313,660 | Estrogens reduce and withdrawal of estrogens increase risk of microsatellite instability-positive colon cancer. | There are sex differences in the occurrence of microsatellite instability (MSI) in colon tumors. Taken together with the epidemiological evidence that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and, less consistently, parity, are inversely associated with colon cancer, it has been hypothesized that estrogens are associated with... |
2,313,661 | [New examination methods for macular disorders--application of diagnosis and treatment]. | To establish a diagnosis or evaluate the efficacy of treatment for macular disorders, we need methods to evaluate the anatomical and functional changes of these disorders. In this article, we describe several studies that we have conducted for 2 years. In section 1, we report our new methods for making a diagnosis and ... |
2,313,662 | Empowerment through agency-promoting dialogue: an explicit application of harm reduction theory to reframe HIV test counseling. | The counseling that accompanies HIV testing can be an important prevention tool for encouraging people to practice safer sex to avoid AIDS, but there is scant research about how HIV test counseling operates in practice. This article critiques the current Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) protocol for HIV... |
2,313,663 | Hormone replacement therapy in postmenopausal women with diabetes mellitus: a risk-benefit assessment. | Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been shown to be beneficial in reducing osteoporosis and alleviating climacteric symptoms. HRT has been suggested to reduce the risk for coronary heart disease (CHD), but data are controversial. Unopposed estradiol therapy seems to have a favourable effect on lipid profile and gluc... |
2,313,664 | Psychological impact of prophylactic oophorectomy in women at increased risk for ovarian cancer. | Women with a family history consistent with a hereditary breast/ovarian cancer syndrome are at significantly increased risk for ovarian cancer. Prophylactic oophorectomy is an option for high-risk women. This study explores the psychosexual impact of prophylactic oophorectomy. A qualitative methodology was selected as ... |
2,313,665 | A qualitative study of the information needs of high-risk women undergoing prophylactic oophorectomy. | This qualitative study sought to determine the information needs of high-risk pre-menopausal women who had undergone prophylactic bilateral oophorectomy to manage their inherited risk of ovarian cancer. In-depth interviews were carried out with 23 high-risk women following surgery. Although the benefit of risk reductio... |
2,313,666 | Hormone replacement therapy is associated with higher FEV1 in elderly women. | Estrogen and progesterone use have been associated with improved pulmonary function in premenopausal women. However, little research has examined the relationship between hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and pulmonary function in postmenopausal women. We examined the relationship of HRT with spirometry in 2,353 women ... |
2,313,667 | Changes in breast density associated with initiation, discontinuation, and continuing use of hormone replacement therapy. | Initiation of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been shown to increase breast density. Evidence exists that increased breast density decreases mammographic sensitivity. The effects on breast density of discontinuing and continuing HRT have not been studied systematically.</AbstractText>To examine the effects of ini... |
2,313,668 | B cell subsets in postmenopausal women and the effect of hormone replacement therapy. | In elderly subjects the capacity for antibody production is depressed. This immunosenescence state of humoral immunity is associated with the occurrence of autoimmune disorders involving CD5+ B (B-1) cells. Since estrogen is capable of stimulating the production of autoantibodies, this sex steroid hormone may be a cont... |
2,313,669 | Effects of physical activity and menopausal hormone replacement therapy on postural stability in postmenopausal women--a cross-sectional study. | Poor postural stability and muscular strength in postmenopausal women are associated with increased risk of falls and fractures. This study examined whether these risk factors for falls differed according to habitual physical activity and menopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use.</AbstractText>Subjects were 117... |
2,313,670 | Endometrial bleeding in hormone replacement therapy users: preliminary findings regarding the role of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and tissue inhibitors of MMPs. | To establish the effect of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on the expression of matrix metalloproteinase 9 (MMP-9) and the tissue inhibitor of MMPs, TIMP-1, in the endometrium of postmenopausal and perimenopausal women.</AbstractText>Prospective observational study.</AbstractText>United Kingdom teaching hospital.</Ab... |
2,313,671 | Effects of oral combined hormone replacement therapy on platelet aggregation in postmenopausal women. | The effects of combined oestrogen/progestin hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on platelet aggregation were studied using women on HRT or placebo. The study involved 32 postmenopausal women (aged 50-75 years) who were enrolled in a double-blind randomized controlled trial, and who received either oral continuous combine... |
2,313,672 | Pelvic floor rehabilitation in the female according to the integral theory of female urinary incontinence. First report. | A new approach to pelvic floor rehabilitation is presented. The aim was to strengthen the three directional muscle forces observed during effort along with their ligamentous insertions. A new anatomical classification guided diagnosis of anatomical defects in the anterior, middle and posterior compartments of the vagin... |
2,313,673 | Estrogen metabolism and malignancy: analysis of the expression and function of 17beta-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenases in colonic cancer. | Age and sex differences in the incidence of gastrointestinal cancers suggest the involvement of sex steroids. Post-menopausal loss of estrogen in women appears to be associated with a lower risk of colonic cancer, and studies in vitro have shown that estradiol (E2) stimulates the growth of colonic cancer cell lines. Pa... |
2,313,674 | Early risk factors for sepsis in patients with severe blunt trauma. | We studied 43 patients with blunt trauma (injury severity score, > or =25), age >14 years and length of the intensive care unit (ICU) stay >48 h in order to estimate the frequency of sepsis and to identify early risk factors related to its development. Clinical data were collected during the first 24 h and sev... |
2,313,675 | Efficacy of levormeloxifene in the prevention of postmenopausal bone loss and on the lipid profile compared to low dose hormone replacement therapy. | Three hundred and one healthy women between 45 and 65 yr of age and at least 1 yr postmenopausal were randomly assigned to 12-month double-blind therapy with levormeloxifene [1.25 (n = 51), 5, 10, or 20 mg/day], low dose continuous combined hormone replacement therapy [HRT; 1 mg 17 beta-estradiol and 0.5 mg norethister... |
2,313,676 | Effect of oral postmenopausal hormone replacement on progression of atherosclerosis : a randomized, controlled trial. | -Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) is associated with low cardiovascular morbidity and mortality in epidemiological studies. Yet, no randomized trial has examined whether HRT is effective for prevention of coronary heart disease (CHD) in women with increased risk. The objective of this study was to deter... |
2,313,677 | Hand osteoarthritis patients characteristics according to the existence of a hormone replacement therapy. | Hand osteoarthritis (hand OA) mostly occurs in women around the time of menopause, but its relationship with sexual hormones remains a controversial issue. The eventual influence of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on the incidence and progression of hand OA is still debated.</AbstractText>To assess whether HRT influe... |
2,313,678 | Epidemiology and genetics of hand osteoarthritis. | The aim of this session was to identify current issues and problems relating to risk factors for hand osteoarthritis (OA). The following important factors were discussed: Genetics, Age, Gender, Obesity, HRT (hormone replacement therapy), Physical activity/trauma. |
2,313,679 | Risk of coronary heart disease, dietary fat modification, stages of change, and self-efficacy in surgically and naturally postmenopausal women. | This nonexperimental two-by-two study was designed to determine whether a difference existed between postmenopausal women who underwent surgical menopause and those who experienced natural menopause and between those who were and those who were not taking hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on four dependent variables. B... |
2,313,680 | Reasons for use of hormone replacement therapy in women undergoing coronary angiography. | The recommendation has been made that all women be counseled about the risks and benefits of hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Use of HRT among women undergoing coronary angiography was explored to assess whether patterns of use were similar to data drawn from community samples. Using a descriptive design, a convenien... |
2,313,681 | Economic impact of tibolone compared with continuous-combined hormone replacement therapy. In the management of postmenopausal women with climacteric symptoms in the UK. | To estimate the economic impact of using tibolone 2.5 mg compared with 17 beta-estradiol 2 mg/norethisterone acetate 1 mg (E2/NETA) in postmenopausal women with climacteric symptoms.</AbstractText>This was a modelling study performed from the perspective of the UK's National Health Service (NHS).</AbstractText>The clin... |
2,313,682 | Estrogen receptor alpha gene polymorphisms and bone mineral density: haplotype analysis in women from the United Kingdom. | Genetic factors are important in the pathogenesis of osteoporosis and the estrogen receptor has been suggested as a possible candidate gene for regulation of bone mineral density (BMD). We investigated the relationship between PvuII, XbaI, and dinucleotide (TA)n repeat polymorphisms of the estrogen receptor alpha (ER-a... |
2,313,683 | Bone sialoprotein is a specific biochemical marker of bone metabolism in postmenopausal women: a randomized 1-year study. | Accelerated bone remodeling after the menopause is associated with increased bone loss that can be abolished using hormone replacement therapy (HRT). Biochemical markers of bone metabolism are known to correlate closely with changes in bone histomorphometry and osteodensitometry. Bone sialoprotein (BSP), a major consti... |
2,313,684 | Fibrinolysis and lipoprotein(a) in women with coronary artery disease. Influence of hormone replacement therapy. | The incidence of coronary artery disease (CAD) is higher in post-menopausal than in pre-menopausal women. Epidemiological studies suggest that hormone replacement therapy (HRT) decreases the risk of cardiovascular disease in post-menopausal women. HRT could modify the cardiovascular risk via several mechanisms, includi... |
2,313,685 | Reproductive and hormonal factors associated with mammographic breast density by age (United States). | We determined the association of certain reproductive and hormonal factors with breast density over decades of life.</AbstractText>Subjects were women age 20-79 years who had a screening mammogram between 1 June 1996 and 1 August 1997, in Seattle, Washington. Women with increased breast density (upper two categories of... |
2,313,686 | Postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy and the vascular wall: epidemiology and clinical studies. | The clinical relevance of estrogen's multiple acute and more delayed effects on vascular wall structure and function is incompletely understood. This review attempts to reevaluate epidemiological findings and clinical studies concerning the vascular actions of estrogens and gives implications for strategies in postmeno... |
2,313,687 | Women's health issues in a dialysis population. | As women receiving hemodialysis are evaluated frequently by the nephrologist, we hypothesized that women's health issues are better addressed in the dialysis patient than in the general population.</AbstractText>We surveyed the female patients in our dialysis population. 97% of the women approached agreed to participat... |
2,313,688 | [Determination of the sensitivity and specificity of an osteoporosis risk factor questionnaire]. | To determine de sensitivity and specificity of a questionnaire of osteoporosis risk factors.</AbstractText>In 1,088 files of postmenopausal women, osteoporosis risk factors such as age, time since menopause, former hormone replacement therapy (HRT) use, current use of HRT, former and current HRT use, fractures after 45... |
2,313,689 | Application and factor analysis of the menopause rating scale [MRS] in a post-marketing surveillance study of Climen. | The menopause rating scale (MRS) has been developed as a modern tool for the assessment of menopausal complaints. It combines in practice excellent applicability and a good reliability, and there are normal values for the population available. For further practical evaluation, the MRS was applied in order to define the... |
2,313,690 | The influence of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on serum leptin concentration in postmenopausal women. | This study aimed to evaluate the influence of hormone replacement therapy (HRT), the estradiol concentration and body mass index (BMI, kg/m(2)) on the serum leptin concentration in postmenopausal women.</AbstractText>352 healthy postmenopausal women (mean age, 60.9 +/- 8.5 years) participated in this comparative study.... |
2,313,691 | Postmenopause hormone treatment in women with NIDDM or impaired glucose tolerance: the MEDIA randomized clinical trial. | To assess the biological safety of four hormone replacement treatment (HRT) combinations in women with non insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT).</AbstractText>Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to analyze the variation of fibrinogen, factor VII, PAI1, and TG bl... |
2,313,692 | Efficacy and tolerability of fully transdermal hormone replacement in sequential or continuous therapy at two doses of progestogen in postmenopausal women. | Two randomized open-label studies were performed to evaluate fully transdermal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) with oestradiol (E2) and norethisterone acetate (NETA) in postmenopausal women.</AbstractText>Both hormones were delivered by transdermal matrix patches changed twice weekly. Subjects received E2, 50 microg/... |
2,313,693 | Clinical evidence supporting the rationale for constant oestrogen, intermittent progestogen hormone replacement therapy. | Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) effectively relieves vasomotor and other symptoms associated with menopause, yet is underutilised by the majority of menopausal women. Current HRT regimens combine continuous oestrogen with continuous or sequential progestogen in order to achieve the beneficial effects of oestrogen whi... |
2,313,694 | Sensitivity and specificity of a new scoring system for diabetic macular oedema detection using a confocal laser imaging system. | To assess the use of the Heidelberg retina tomograph (HRT) in screening for sight threatening diabetic macular oedema in a hospital diabetic clinic, using a new subjective analysis system (SCORE).</AbstractText>200 eyes of 100 consecutive diabetic patients attending a diabetologist's clinic were studied, all eyes had a... |
2,313,695 | [Influence of estrogen replacement therapies such as premarin for the measurement of estradiol]. | To investigate problems associated with the measurement of estradiol 17 beta(E2) in hormone replacement therapy(HRT), five commercial immunoassay methods(Coat-A-Count E2 as the conventional method; Immulyze E2, Immuno 1 E2, Vitros E2, and HRT-E2 as the comparative methods) were used to assay E2 concentrations. Samples ... |
2,313,696 | Exercise does not induce oxidative stress in trained heart transplant recipients. | The objectives of this study were twofold: 1) to determine the effect of incremental exercise to volitional fatigue on plasma levels of lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde) in heart transplant recipients (HRT) and 2) to examine blood antioxidant capacity in HTR by assessment of antioxidant enzyme activities and vitamin... |
2,313,697 | Insulin sensitivity in postmenopausal women: independent and combined associations with hormone replacement, cardiovascular fitness, and body composition. | The effects of combined physical activity and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on insulin sensitivity in postmenopausal (PM) women are unclear. The purpose of the study was to test the following hypotheses: 1) PM women who have undergone vigorous exercise training have greater insulin sensitivity than PM women who are... |
2,313,698 | Monitoring bone effect of transdermal hormone replacement therapy by ultrasound investigation at the phalanx: a four-year follow-up study. | A controlled 4-year follow-up study was conducted on a population composed of 112 healthy early postmenopausal women to evaluate the ability of ultrasound technology in detecting the effects of hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on bone. At the end of the study, 47 untreated and 25 treated women had been evaluated. Cycl... |
2,313,699 | The protective effect of hormone-replacement therapy on fracture risk is modulated by estrogen receptor alpha genotype in early postmenopausal women. | Genetic factors regulate bone mineral density (BMD) and possibly development of osteoporosis. It has been suggested that estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) genotype is associated with BMD, but the association between ERalpha genotype, fracture risk, and postmenopausal hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has not been studi... |
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