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2,322,800 | Nanofiber assembly by rotary jet-spinning. | High-voltage electrical fields and low production rate limit electrospinning, the electrical charging of polymer liquids, as a means of nanofiber fabrication. Here, we show a facile method of fabrication of aligned three-dimensional nanofiber structures by utilizing high-speed, rotating polymer solution jets to extrude... |
2,322,801 | Delayed enhancement cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in propionic acidemia. | We report on cardiomyopathy in propionic acidemia (PA) diagnosed using delayed-enhancement cardiac magnetic imaging (DECM) in a 27-year-old woman. DECM demonstrated hyperenhancement at the lateral wall of the left ventricle, suggesting myocardial changes occurring after a metabolic crisis, which improved during the con... |
2,322,802 | Ventricle Boundary in CT: Partial Volume Effect and Local Thresholds. | We present a mathematical frame to carry out segmentation of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of ventricular region in computed tomography (CT) images in the presence of partial volume effect (PVE). First, the image histogram is fitted using the Gaussian mixture model (GMM). Analyzing the GMM, we find global threshold based o... |
2,322,803 | Caudate nucleus volume in individuals at ultra-high risk of psychosis: a cross-sectional magnetic resonance imaging study. | The aim of the present study was to investigate whether volumetric abnormalities of the caudate nuclei predate the onset of psychotic illness. Caudate nuclei volume (CNVs), excluding the tail, were measured using region-of-interest (ROI) tracing of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans acquired on a 1.5T scanner. Subj... |
2,322,804 | Cytomegalovirus ventriculoencephalitis in a reduced- intensity conditioning cord blood transplant recipient. | Cytomegalovirus (CMV) encephalitis most commonly occurs in patients with advanced human immunodeficiency virus infection and profound CD4 cell depletion and is rare in transplant recipients. We describe a patient with pathologically proven CMV ventriculoencephalitis that occurred after human herpesvirus-6 limbic enceph... |
2,322,805 | Neuroimaging and neurodevelopmental outcome of premature infants. | Preterm birth is associated with variable degrees of brain injury and adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes. Neuroimaging has been investigated as a predictor of outcome in this population. Head ultrasound allows for rapid bedside evaluation of the neonatal brain for early intraventricular hemorrhage surveillance and lat... |
2,322,806 | Connexin 43 mediates the tangential to radial migratory switch in ventrally derived cortical interneurons. | The adult cerebral cortex is composed of excitatory and inhibitory neurons that arise from progenitor cells in disparate proliferative regions in the developing brain and follow different migratory paths. Excitatory pyramidal neurons originate near the ventricle and migrate radially to their position in the cortical pl... |
2,322,807 | Heterogeneity in ventricular zone neural precursors contributes to neuronal fate diversity in the postnatal neocortex. | The recent discovery of short neural precursors (SNPs) in the murine neocortical ventricular zone (VZ) challenges the widely held view that radial glial cells (RGCs) are the sole occupants of this germinal compartment and suggests that precursor variety is an important factor of brain development. Here, we use in utero... |
2,322,808 | Presenilin 1 mutants impair the self-renewal and differentiation of adult murine subventricular zone-neuronal progenitors via cell-autonomous mechanisms involving notch signaling. | The vast majority of pedigrees with familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) are caused by inheritance of mutations in the PSEN1 1 gene. While genetic ablation studies have revealed a role for presenilin 1 (PS1) in embryonic neurogenesis, little information has emerged regarding the potential effects of FAD-linked PS1 varian... |
2,322,809 | Prolactin-induced mitogenesis in the subventricular zone of the maternal brain during early pregnancy is essential for normal postpartum behavioral responses in the mother. | High prolactin during pregnancy, which is essential for normal postpartum maternal behavior, increases neurogenesis in the subventricular zone of the lateral ventricle (SVZ) of the maternal brain. Because SVZ mitogenesis generates new olfactory neurons and may contribute to perception of novel odorants, we hypothesized... |
2,322,810 | An experimental study on intracerebroventricular transplantation of human amniotic epithelial cells in a rat model of Parkinson's disease. | Human amniotic epithelial (HAE) cells are formed from amnioblasts, separated from the epiblast at about the eighth day after fertilization. In the present study, we attempt to investigate the effects of intracerebroventricular transplantation of HAE cells on Parkinson's disease (PD) rats.</AbstractText>A PD rat model w... |
2,322,811 | LTR promoter activity of SRLV genotype E, strain Roccaverano. | The highly divergent, small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) genotype E Roccaverano strain has a full genome consisting of 8,418 nucleotides, which lack the entire dUTPase subunit of the pol gene, the vpr-like accessory gene, and the 71-bp repeat of the U3 region within the long terminal repeat (LTR). These deletions affect ... |
2,322,812 | Immediate morbidity and mortality associated with transcallosal resection of tumors of the third ventricle. | Resection of tumors of the third ventricle via the anterior interhemispheric transcallosal approach represents a surgical challenge. It carries a risk of postoperative complications, due to the role of surrounding structures in control of eloquent functions. We reviewed the immediate morbidity and mortality associated ... |
2,322,813 | Dopamine stimulation of postnatal murine subventricular zone neurogenesis via the D3 receptor. | We investigated the expression and role of the dopamine receptor 3 (D3R) in postnatal mouse subventricular zone (SVZ). In situ hybridization detected selective D3R mRNA expression in the SVZ. Fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) of adult SVZ subtypes using hGFAP-GFP and Dcx-GFP mice showed that transit amplifying... |
2,322,814 | Up-regulation and functional effect of cardiac β3-adrenoreceptors in alcoholic monkeys. | Recent studies link altered cardiac beta-adrenergic receptor (AR) signaling to the pathology of alcoholic cardiomyopathy (ACM). However, the alteration and functional effect of beta(3)-AR activation in ACM are unknown. We tested the hypothesis that chronic alcohol intake causes an up-regulation of cardiac beta(3)-AR, w... |
2,322,815 | Vectorial ligand transport through mammalian choroid plexus. | In the last decade, there has been substantial progress in understanding vectorial ligand transport through rodent and human choroid plexus (CP), the locus of the blood-CSF interface. In this Review, we enumerate the experimental data required to establish vectorial transport through CP and describe transporters involv... |
2,322,816 | Lack of cadherins Celsr2 and Celsr3 impairs ependymal ciliogenesis, leading to fatal hydrocephalus. | Ependymal cells form the epithelial lining of cerebral ventricles. Their apical surface is covered by cilia that beat in a coordinated fashion to facilitate circulation of the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). The genetic factors that govern the development and function of ependymal cilia remain poorly understood. We found th... |
2,322,817 | Sparing of the neural stem cell compartment during whole-brain radiation therapy: a dosimetric study using helical tomotherapy. | To assess the feasibility of dosimetrically sparing the hippocampus and neural stem cell (NSC) compartment during whole-brain radiotherapy (WBRT) and prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI).</AbstractText>We contoured the brain/brainstem on fused magnetic resonance /computed tomography images as the planning target volu... |
2,322,818 | Onyx distal embolization in transarterial embolization of dural arteriovenous fistula with subtotally isolated transverse-sigmoid sinus. A case report. | We describe a 39-year-old woman with dural arteriovenous fistula in the region of transversesigmoid sinus.A combination approach was designed to treat the fistula but the balloon failed to pass the severely stenosed proximal end of a subtotally isolated sinus. Although successfully occlusion of most feeding arteries fr... |
2,322,819 | Methodological aspects on microdialysis protein sampling and quantification in biological fluids: an in vitro study on human ventricular CSF. | There is growing interest in sampling of protein biomarkers from the interstitial compartment of the brain and other organs using high molecular cutoff membrane microdialysis (MD) catheters. However, recent data suggest that protein sampling across such MD membranes is a highly complex process that needs to be further ... |
2,322,820 | A new population of calretinin-positive cells, presumptively neurons, with polymorphous spines in the mouse forebrain. | An immunohistochemical reaction was used to study the locations of calretinin-positive cells on frontal sections of the anterior part of the mouse cerebral cortex. A previously undescribed population of cells with a characteristic structure was found at the anterior horns of the lateral ventricles. These cells had smal... |
2,322,821 | Chronic stimulation of the hypothalamic vasoactive intestinal peptide receptor lengthens circadian period in mice and hamsters. | Evidence suggests that circadian rhythms are regulated through diffusible signals generated by the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN). Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) is located in SCN neurons positioned to receive photic input from the retinohypothalamic tract and transmit information to other SCN cells and adjacent hy... |
2,322,822 | Early postnatal administration of growth hormone increases tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic neuron numbers in Ames dwarf mice. | Hypothalamic tuberoinfundibular dopaminergic (TIDA) neurons secrete dopamine, which inhibits pituitary prolactin (PRL) secretion. PRL has demonstrated neurotrophic effects on TIDA neuron development in PRL-, GH-, and TSH-deficient Ames (df/df) and Snell (dw/dw) dwarf mice. However, both PRL and PRL receptor knockout mi... |
2,322,823 | Suppression of choroid plexus transthyretin levels by antisense oligonucleotide treatment. | Leptomeningeal amyloidosis associated with mutations in transthyretin (TTR) is a rare but fatal form of amyloidosis. Dementia and intracerebral haemorrhage are prominent features of this disease for which no specific therapy is known. In previous studies, we have shown that antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs) specific fo... |
2,322,824 | Effect of intermittent versus continuous parathyroid hormone in the cardiovascular system of rats.<Pagination><StartPage>110</StartPage><EndPage>116</EndPage><MedlinePgn>110-6</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.2174/1874192401004010110</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText Label="OBJECTIV... | The walls of the lateral ventricles contain the largest germinal region in the adult mammalian brain. The subventricular zone (SVZ) in these walls is an extensively studied model system for understanding the behavior of neural stem cells and the regulation of adult neurogenesis. Traditionally, these studies have relied... |
2,322,825 | Antidepressant-like action of intracerebral 6-fluoronorepinephrine, a selective full α-adrenoceptor agonist. | The present study examined the ability of 6-fluoronorepinephrine (6FNE), a full selective α-adrenoceptor agonist, to produce antidepressant-like effects in mice. The drug, administered in the 4th ventricle, produced marked anti-immobility effects at mid-dose range in the acute forced swim, tail suspension and rep... |
2,322,826 | Computational model of the cerebral ventricles in hydrocephalus. | Understanding the mechanisms of tissue injury in hydrocephalus is important to shed light on the pathophysiology of this neurostructural disorder. To date, most of the finite element models created to study hydrocephalus have been two-dimensional (2D). This may not be adequate as the geometry of the cerebral ventricles... |
2,322,827 | Hemodynamics of an end-to-side anastomotic graft for a pulsatile pediatric ventricular assist device.<Pagination><StartPage>031009</StartPage><MedlinePgn>031009</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1115/1.4000872</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>Numerical simulations are performed to i... | Numerical simulations are performed to investigate the flow within the end-to-side proximal anastomosis of a pulsatile pediatric ventricular assist device (PVAD) to an aorta. The anastomotic model is constructed from a patient-specific pediatric aorta. The three great vessels originating from the aortic arch--brachioce... |
2,322,828 | Registration of coronary venous anatomy to the site of the latest mechanical contraction.<Pagination><StartPage>161</StartPage><EndPage>170</EndPage><MedlinePgn>161-70</MedlinePgn></Pagination><Abstract><AbstractText Label="OBJECTIVE" NlmCategory="OBJECTIVE">Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) provides a therapeuti... | The analysis of literature data has showed that evaluation of prognostic significance of abnormal chords of the left ventricle (ACLV) is ambiguous. It remains an open question on the participation of ACLV in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Obviously, the prognosis of ACLV is determined not so much by the fa... |
2,322,829 | Automatic model-guided segmentation of the human brain ventricular system from CT images. | Accurate segmentation of the brain ventricular system on computed tomographic (CT) imaging is useful in neurodiagnosis and neurosurgery. Manual segmentation is time consuming, usually not reproducible, and subjective. Because of image noise, low contrast between soft tissues, large interslice distance, large shape, and... |
2,322,830 | Small artery structure and function in hypertension. | It has been known for some considerable time that sustained hypertension changes the circulatory architecture both in the heart and blood vessels. The histopathological alterations are of considerable interest because once they have developed they appear to carry an adverse prognostic risk. In the heart it is apparent ... |
2,322,831 | Poly I:C induced microglial activation impairs motor activity in adult rats. | Polyinosinic:polycytidic acid (poly I:C) is a synthetic double stranded RNA, which mimics with viral genome and mediates immune activation response similar to double stranded RNA virus infection into the brain. Microglial cells are the immune competent cells of the central nervous system having Toll like receptors-3 on... |
2,322,832 | The behaviour of both Listeria monocytogenes and rat ciliated ependymal cells is altered during their co-culture. | Ciliated ependymal cells line the cerebral ventricles and aqueducts separating the infected CSF from the brain parenchyma in meningitis.</AbstractText>Investigation of the interaction of Listeria monocytogenes with cultured rat brain ependymal cells showed that certain strains reduced the beat frequency of the cilia bu... |
2,322,833 | Negative correlation between neuropeptide Y profile in the cerebrospinal fluid and growth hormone pulses in the peripheral circulation in goats. | <AbstractText Label="BACKGROUND/AIMS" NlmCategory="OBJECTIVE">Growth hormone (GH) is secreted in pulsatile fashion, but the involvement of neuropeptides in the generation of GH pulses is not fully understood. The present study was conducted to elucidate the relationship between GH pulses and neuropeptide levels in the ... |
2,322,834 | Cardiac remodelling as a result of pre-term birth: implications for future cardiovascular disease. | Pre-term birth affects 10-12% of live births and occurs when the myocardium is still developing; therefore, the final structure of the myocardium could be altered. We hypothesized that, in response to pre-term birth, structural remodelling occurs within the myocardium which enables the immature heart muscle to adapt to... |
2,322,835 | Proton radiotherapy for pediatric central nervous system germ cell tumors: early clinical outcomes. | To report early clinical outcomes for children with central nervous system (CNS) germ cell tumors treated with protons; to compare dose distributions for intensity-modulated photon radiotherapy (IMRT), three-dimensional conformal proton radiation (3D-CPT), and intensity-modulated proton therapy with pencil beam scannin... |
2,322,836 | Independent changes of thyroid hormones in blood plasma and cerebrospinal fluid after melatonin treatment in ewes. | The authors measured the effects of exogenous melatonin treatment on the concentrations of total (T) and free (f) fractions of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and blood plasma as well as the expression of their binding/transporter protein, transthyretin (TTR), in the choroid plexus... |
2,322,837 | Outcomes of preterm neonates with frontal horn cysts: a retrospective study. | Isolated paraventricular frontal horn cysts are sometimes encountered on cranial ultrasound examinations of preterm neonates. The etiology and clinical significance of these lesions are unclear. The authors aimed to identify antenatal/intrapartum risk factors associated with the occurrence of these cysts and to assess ... |
2,322,838 | Longitudinal study of callosal microstructure in the normal adult aging brain using quantitative DTI fiber tracking. | We present a review of neuroimaging studies of normal adult aging conducted with diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and data from one of the first longitudinal studies using DTI to study normal aging. To date, virtually all DTI studies of normal adult aging have been cross-sectional and have identified several patterns of ... |
2,322,839 | Localization of osteoblast inflammatory cytokines MCP-1 and VEGF to the matrix of the trabecula of the femur, a target area for metastatic breast cancer cell colonization. | Bone likely provides a hospitable environment for cancer cells as suggested by their preferential localization to the skeleton. Previous work has shown that osteoblast-derived cytokines increased in the presence of metastatic breast cancer cells. Thus, we hypothesized that osteoblast-derived cytokines, in particular IL... |
2,322,840 | Distributed forebrain sites mediate melatonin-induced short-day responses in Siberian hamsters. | The pineal hormone melatonin (MEL) is the key initiator in regulating seasonal photoperiodic responses; however, the central sites that mediate short day (SD) winter-like responses, such as testicular regression and decreases in white adipose tissue (WAT) mass, by Siberian hamsters are not precisely known. WAT is inner... |
2,322,841 | Unexpected sudden death due to intracranial chordoma: an autopsy case. | Intracranial chordoma is a locally invasive, relatively rare tumour at the base of the skull. The tumour usually grows slowly but there have been several case reports of sudden death, all of which were due to tumour-associated haemorrhages. We report an autopsy case of a sudden unexpected death due to clinically undiag... |
2,322,842 | Characterization of a new renal cell carcinoma bone metastasis mouse model. | Metastatic bone disease caused by renal cell carcinoma (RCC) occurs frequently and becomes more and more prevalent presumably because survival times among patients with disseminated cancers are increasing. Patients with bone metastases from renal cell carcinoma suffer from severe pain, nerve compression syndromes and p... |
2,322,843 | Pharmacokinetics and distribution of linezolid in cerebrospinal fluid in children and adolescents. | Two studies in hydrocephalic children and adolescents were performed to assess the penetration of linezolid into cerebrospinal fluid and its relation to meningeal inflammation.</AbstractText>Each patient was administered intravenous linezolid 10 mg/kg every 12 hours for 3 days (study 1) or every 8 hours for 2 days (stu... |
2,322,844 | Enhanced blood pressure and appetite responses to chronic central melanocortin-3/4 receptor blockade in dietary-induced obesity. | We examined the role of central nervous system (CNS) endogenous melanocortin 3/4 receptors (MC3/4R) activity in controlling cardiovascular and metabolic functions in Sprague Dawley rats fed a high-fat diet (n = 6) for 10 months compared with rats fed a standard chow (normal fat, n = 8) starting at 3 weeks of age.</Abst... |
2,322,845 | In vivo targeting of subventricular zone astrocytes. | The subventricular zone (SVZ) is a dynamic cellular niche with unique neurogenic properties that are, as of yet, not fully understood. Astrocytes residing in the SVZ have been shown to spawn migratory neuroblasts via transitory amplifying progenitor cells. These migratory neuroblasts play a role in maintaining the olfa... |
2,322,846 | Safety and pharmacokinetic analysis of methotrexate administered directly into the fourth ventricle in a piglet model. | We have developed a piglet model to assess chemotherapy administration directly into the fourth ventricle as a potential treatment for medulloblastoma and other malignant posterior fossa tumors. The objective of this study was to assess safety and pharmacokinetics after methotrexate infusions into the fourth ventricle.... |
2,322,847 | Risperidone administered during asymptomatic period of adolescence prevents the emergence of brain structural pathology and behavioral abnormalities in an animal model of schizophrenia. | Schizophrenia is a disorder of a neurodevelopmental origin manifested symptomatically after puberty. Structural neuroimaging studies show that neuroanatomical aberrations precede onset of symptoms, raising a question of whether schizophrenia can be prevented. Early treatment with atypical antipsychotics may reduce the ... |
2,322,848 | 59-year old female with suprasellar mass. | Intracranial capillary hemangiomas are extremely rare. Only 14 histologically proven cases have been reported in the literature. A 59-year-old-female presented with a severe headache for 3 weeks. Brain MRI revealed a homogeneous contrast enhancing round mass lesion in the pituitary stalk and infundibular recess. We per... |
2,322,849 | Hippocampal, caudate, and ventricular changes in Parkinson's disease with and without dementia. | Parkinson's disease (PD) has been associated with mild cognitive impairment (PDMCI) and with dementia (PDD). Using radial distance mapping, we studied the 3D structural and volumetric differences between the hippocampi, caudates, and lateral ventricles in 20 cognitively normal elderly (NC), 12 cognitively normal PD (PD... |
2,322,850 | Primary culture of central neurocytoma: a case report. | A seventeen-year-old female patient was admitted with sudden-onset of headache and vomiting. Brain magnetic resonance imaging demonstrated a heterogeneously enhancing tumour in the left lateral ventricle. The tumour was removed and confirmed as a central neurocytoma (CN). For the residual tumour in the left lateral ven... |
2,322,851 | Discs large 5 is required for polarization of citron kinase in mitotic neural precursors. | Citron kinase (CitK), a protein essential to neurogenic cell division in the central nervous system, is highly polarized in neural progenitors. The mechanisms that polarize CitK to cellular domains that line the ventricular surface of neuroepithelium are currently not known. Here we report that Discs large 5 (Dlg5), a ... |
2,322,852 | Mast cell population in the frog brain: distribution and influence of thyroid status. | In the developing frog brain, the majority of mast cells (MC) are distributed in the pia mater, and some immature MC are located adjacent to the blood capillaries in and around the neuropil. In the adult brain, MC are more numerous than in pre- and pro-metamorphic tadpoles; they are mainly located within the pia mater ... |
2,322,853 | Dynamic susceptibility contrast-enhanced MRI evaluation of cerebral intraventricular tumors: preliminary results. | The aims of the present study were to determine the perfusion characteristics of several types of intraventricular tumors and to evaluate the usefulness of dynamic contrast-enhanced MRI in making the differential diagnosis.</AbstractText>A total of 28 patients with intraventricular tumors (five meningiomas, five papill... |
2,322,854 | The formation of cerebrospinal fluid: nearly a hundred years of interpretations and misinterpretations. | The first scientific and experimental approaches to the study of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) formation began almost a hundred years ago. Despite researchers being interested for so long, some aspects of CSF formation are still insufficiently understood. Today it is generally believed that CSF formation is an active energ... |
2,322,855 | Electrophysiological properties of subventricular zone cells in adult mouse brain. | The subventricular zone (SVZ) is a principal site of adult neurogenesis and appears to participate in the brain's response to injury. Thus, measures that enhance SVZ neurogenesis may have a role in treatment of neurological disease. To better characterize SVZ cells and identify potential targets for therapeutic interve... |
2,322,856 | Diffuse villous hyperplasia of the choroid plexus and its surgical management. | Diffuse villous hyperplasia of the choroid plexus (DVHCP) is a very rare cause of hydrocephalus in children. Only 12 cases of DVHCP have been reported in the literature. In this report the authors describe a new case of a patient with DVHCP who was diagnosed prenatally with hydrocephalus. In a comprehensive literature ... |
2,322,857 | Intramedullary papillary ependymoma with choroid plexus differentiation and cerebrospinal fluid dissemination to the brain. | This 8-year-old girl presented with a papillary ependymoma in the thoracic spinal cord. Resection was followed by recurrence at the primary site and later in the lumbosacral thecal sac, followed by cerebrospinal fluid dissemination to the brain approximately 5 years after her initial presentation. The tumor showed cyto... |
2,322,858 | Inhibition of autophagy in the heart induces age-related cardiomyopathy. | Constitutive autophagy is important for control of the quality of proteins and organelles to maintain cell function. Damaged proteins and organelles accumulate in aged organs. We have previously reported that cardiac-specific Atg5 (autophagy-related gene 5)-deficient mice, in which the gene was floxed out early in embr... |
2,322,859 | Increased nitrosoglutathione reductase activity in hypoxic pulmonary hypertension in mice. | Altered S-nitrosothiols (RSNO) signaling is linked to pulmonary hypertension. Recent studies have shown that S-nitrosoglutathione (GSNO) reductase (GSNOR) catalyzes the degradation of GSNO and indirectly regulates the level of RSNO in vivo. Our present study tested the hypothesis that chronic hypoxia causes pulmonary h... |
2,322,860 | Cortical and subcortical abnormalities in late-onset depression with history of suicide attempts investigated with MRI and voxel-based morphometry. | Late-onset major depression is thought to have a biological (vascular) basis, which could be a result of brain structure change. Vascular lesions can affect both the gray matter (GM) and white matter (WM), while most previous studies addressed WM abnormality. This study explored the disease- and symptom (history of sui... |
2,322,861 | A bullet wandering through the heart. | We report a case of young male with a penetrating chest trauma due to a gunshot. The bullet was detected by conventional X-ray and localized within the lateral wall of the left ventricle by CT. During surgery the bullet was not found. Thereafter conventional X-ray showed migration of the bullet within the lung parenchy... |
2,322,862 | Synaptophysin negative central neurocytoma. | Central neurocytoma is a rare primary brain tumour, mostly localised in the lateral ventricles in relation to the foramen of Monro.</AbstractText>To report a case of a rare central neurocytoma with a complete loss of Synaptophysin expression and provide the differential diagnosis.</AbstractText>We describe a case of a ... |
2,322,863 | Does treatment with endoscopic third ventriculostomy result in less concern among parents of children with hydrocephalus? | A possible benefit of endoscopic third ventriculostomy (ETV) is that families might harbor less concern and anxiety compared to shunt. This has not yet been demonstrated, however. Our goal was to compare parental concern in a large sample of children with hydrocephalus treated with ETV or shunt, using our previously de... |
2,322,864 | Central nociceptin/orphanin FQ system elevates food consumption by both increasing energy intake and reducing aversive responsiveness. | Nociceptin/orphanin FQ (N/OFQ), the nociceptin opioid peptide (NOP) receptor ligand, increases feeding when injected centrally. Initial data suggest that N/OFQ blocks the development of a conditioned taste aversion (CTA). The current project further characterized the involvement of N/OFQ in the regulation of hunger vs.... |
2,322,865 | Comprehensive review of extraventricular neurocytoma with report of two cases, and comparison with central neurocytoma. | Two new cases of extraventricular neurocytoma are reported. The first concerns an 18-year-old female with a left frontal lobe lesion and the second occurred in a 54-year-old female in the thoracic spinal cord. The first patient is free of disease after 18 months of follow up. The second patient is stable after 16 month... |
2,322,866 | Colloid cyst of the third cerebral ventricle with an embryological remnant consistent with paraphysis cerebri in an adult human. | The histogenesis of colloid cysts of the third ventricle remains unsettled. Initial theories favored a neuroepithelial (paraphysis, ependyma, choroid plexus) origin and some investigators based on morphologic analysis have offered an alternative endodermal source. We report a case of colloid cyst of the third ventricle... |
2,322,867 | The corpus callosum, the other great forebrain commissures, and the septum pellucidum: anatomy, development, and malformation. | There are three telencephalic commissures which are paleocortical (the anterior commissure), archicortical (the hippocampal commissure), and neocortical. In non-placental mammals, the neocortical commissural fibers cross the midline together with the anterior and possibly the hippocampal commissure, across the lamina r... |
2,322,868 | Epidermal growth factor protects the heart against low-flow ischemia-induced injury. | The role of ErbB4 and ErbB2 in the heart of adult mammals is well established. The heart also expresses ErbB1 (the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor), but this receptor has received less attention. We studied the effect of EGF on the response of isolated mouse heart to low-flow ischemia and reperfusion. Reducing p... |
2,322,869 | Large choroid plexus teratoma: a rare cause of congenital hydrocephalus. | Teratomas form the most common type of congenital brain tumors, frequently presenting as stillbirth. The largest neonatal series of intracranial teratomas reported a 12% survival rate. Although the first teratoma of the lateral ventricle was reported in 1961 by Maier, neonatal intracranial teratoma of the lateral ventr... |
2,322,870 | Dual-echo EPI for non-equilibrium fMRI - implications of different echo combinations and masking procedures. | Dual-echo EPI is based on the acquisition of two images with different echo times per excitation, thus allowing for the calculation of purely T2(*) weighted data. The technique can be used for the measurement of functional activation whenever the prerequisite of constant equilibrium magnetization cannot be fulfilled du... |
2,322,871 | A case with a rare chromosomal abnormality: isochromosome 18p. | Isochromosome 18p (i(18p)), is a rare chromosomal disorder that occurs once in about every 140,000 live births and affects males and females equally. Most of the cases are due to a de novo formation but in the literature familial cases were reported. Here, we report a young female with dysmorphic features as microcepha... |
2,322,872 | Neuropathology and structural changes in hydrocephalus. | In the context of spina bifida, hydrocephalus is usually caused by crowding of the posterior fossa with obstruction to cerebrospinal fluid flow from the forth ventricle, and less often by malformation of the cerebral aqueduct. Enlargement of the cerebral ventricles causes gradual destruction of periventricular white ma... |
2,322,873 | Ryanodol action on calcium sparks in ventricular myocytes. | The action of ryanodol on single cardiac ryanodine receptor (RyR2) channels in bilayers and local RyR2-mediated Ca(2+) release events (Ca(2+) sparks) in ventricular myocytes was defined. At the single-channel level, ryanodol intermittently modified single channels into a long-lived subconductance state with an average ... |
2,322,874 | Chordin-induced lineage plasticity of adult SVZ neuroblasts after demyelination. | The mechanisms that regulate the developmental potential of adult neural progenitor populations under physiological and pathological conditions remain poorly defined. Glutamic acid decarboxylase 65 (GAD65)- and Doublecortin (Dcx)-expressing cells constitute major progenitor populations in the adult mouse subventricular... |
2,322,875 | Hypoxia during pregnancy in rats leads to the changes of the cerebral white matter in adult offspring. | The aim of the present study is to evaluate the effect of reduced fetal oxygen supply on cerebral white matter in the adult offspring and further assess its susceptibility to postnatal hypoxia and high-fat diet. Based on a 3 x 2 full factorial design consisting of three factors of maternal hypoxia, postnatal high-fat d... |
2,322,876 | Congenital maturing immature intraventricular teratoma. | We report a case of a maturing immature intraventricular teratoma in a neonate. The computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging and pathologic findings are described. The relevant literature is reviewed and management is discussed. |
2,322,877 | Central amylin acts as an adiposity signal to control body weight and energy expenditure. | The pancreatic B-cell hormone amylin has been proposed to be both a satiation signal and an adiposity signal. The effects of peripheral amylin on energy balance are well investigated, but the effects of central amylin are less clear. We determined the effects of low doses of amylin administered into the 3rd cerebral ve... |
2,322,878 | Characteristics of individuals with hydrocephalus and their dental care needs. | Hydrocephalus is considered a congenital disease affecting the central nervous system, and is characterized by accumulation of cerebrospinal fluid in the lateral ventricles of the brain causing progressive ventricular dilatation. This review paper reports on the oral characteristics of persons with hydrocephalus and di... |
2,322,879 | Wavelet-based image registration and segmentation framework for the quantitative evaluation of hydrocephalus. | Hydrocephalus, characterized by increased fluid in the cerebral ventricles, is traditionally evaluated by a visual assessment of serial CT scans. The complex shape of the ventricular system makes accurate visual comparison of CT scans difficult. The current research developed a quantitative method to measure the change... |
2,322,880 | Anticonvulsant effect of (RS)-1-aminoindan-1,5-dicarboxylic acid on pentetrazol-induced kindled seizures in mice. | The present study was undertaken to clarify the effect of group I metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) antagonist, (RS)-1-aminoindan-1,5-dicarboxylic acid (AIDA) on pentetrazol-induced kindled seizures. The mechanism of the anticonvulsant effect of AIDA was also studied. Mice were anesthetized with pentobarbital; th... |
2,322,881 | Imaging of metastatic CNS neuroblastoma. | Although neuroblastoma is a common childhood malignancy, which frequently metastasizes, involvement of the CNS is rarely reported in the literature. However, over the past several years, we have encountered an increasing number of cases of metastatic neuroblastoma to the CNS. This metastatic potential and changing meta... |
2,322,882 | Parvovirus-associated cerebellar hypoplasia and hydrocephalus in day old broiler chickens. | Cerebellar hypoplasia and hydrocephalus were identified in day old broiler chickens showing nervous signs, impaired mobility, and diarrhea. At postmortem examination, brains of chickens were misshapen and cerebellums were smaller than normal. Microscopically, cerebellar folia were reduced in size and irregularly shaped... |
2,322,883 | P-glycoprotein (ABCB1) and breast cancer resistance protein (ABCG2) localize in the microvessels forming the blood-tumor barrier in ependymomas. | Ependymomas are neuroepithelial tumors that arise from the ependymal layer bordering the cerebral ventricles and spinal canal. Intracranial ependymoma represents a major encephalic tumor in children, while spinal ependymoma develops more frequently in adults. To understand the pharmacoresistance that characterizes this... |
2,322,884 | Microglia-derived macrophage colony stimulating factor promotes generation of proinflammatory cytokines by astrocytes in the periventricular white matter in the hypoxic neonatal brain. | Inflammation in the periventricular white matter (PWM) of hypoxic neonatal brain causes myelination disturbances. In this connection, macrophage colony-stimulating factor (M-CSF) has been reported to regulate release of proinflammatory cytokines that may be linked to PWM damage. We sought to determine if M-CSF derived ... |
2,322,885 | Pain perception in neurodevelopmental animal models of schizophrenia. | Animal models are important for the investigation of mechanisms and therapeutic approaches in various human diseases, including schizophrenia. Recently, two neurodevelopmental rat models of this psychosis were developed based upon the use of subunit selective N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor agonists--quinolinic acid (QUI... |
2,322,886 | [Toxoplasma, parvovirus and cytomegalovirus infections during pregnancy]. | Toxoplasma gondii, parvovirus B19 and cytomegalovirus cause most of the non-bacterial infections of the fetus. These infections are complicated by the fact that maternal toxoplasma and cytomegalovirus infections are almost always symptomless, which is often the case for parvovirus infections as well. Indeed, suspicion ... |
2,322,887 | Correlation of quantitative sensorimotor tractography with clinical grade of cerebral palsy. | The purpose of this study was to determine whether tract-specific diffusion tensor imaging measures in somatosensory and motor pathways correlate with clinical grades as defined using the Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) in cerebral palsy (CP) children.</AbstractText>Quantitative diffusion tensor trac... |
2,322,888 | Phosphodiesterase 11A in brain is enriched in ventral hippocampus and deletion causes psychiatric disease-related phenotypes. | Phosphodiesterase 11A (PDE11A) is the most recently identified family of phosphodiesterases (PDEs), the only known enzymes to break down cyclic nucleotides. The tissue expression profile of this dual specificity PDE is controversial, and little is understood of its biological function, particularly in the brain. We see... |
2,322,889 | Expression of leucine-rich-repeat-kinase 2 (LRRK2) during embryonic development.<Pagination><StartPage>391</StartPage><EndPage>399</EndPage><MedlinePgn>391-9</MedlinePgn></Pagination><ELocationID EIdType="doi" ValidYN="Y">10.1016/j.ijdevneu.2010.04.002</ELocationID><Abstract><AbstractText>The LRRK2 gene was recently fo... | The LRRK2 gene was recently found to have multiple mutations that are causative for the most common inherited form of late onset Parkinson's disease. In the adult brain, LRRK2 mRNA is broadly expressed, also in regions other than the nigrostriatal system. In order to establish a basis for assessing more detailed functi... |
2,322,890 | Morphology of neuropeptide CNP2 modulation of heart activity in terrestrial snail. | A family of neuropeptides called Command Neuron Peptides (CNPs) was described ten years ago as the protein products of the gene HCS2, specifically expressed in the identified interneurons of the nervous system of terrestrial snail (Helix lucorum L. and H. pomatia L.). Recently, the CNP-like peptides have been detected ... |
2,322,891 | Structure and function of splice variants of the cardiac voltage-gated sodium channel Na(v)1.5. | Voltage-gated sodium channels mediate the rapid upstroke of the action potential in excitable tissues. The tetrodotoxin (TTX) resistant isoform Na(v)1.5, encoded by the SCN5A gene, is the predominant isoform in the heart. This channel plays a key role for excitability of atrial and ventricular cardiomyocytes and for ra... |
2,322,892 | Effect of electromagnetic-navigated shunt placement on failure rates: a prospective multicenter study. | As many as 40% of shunts fail in the first year, mainly due to proximal obstruction. The role of catheter position on failure rates has not been clearly demonstrated. The authors conducted a prospective cohort study of navigated shunt placement compared with standard blind shunt placement at 3 European centers to asses... |
2,322,893 | System analysis of changes in cardiovascular circulatory dynamics in experimental diphtheria in rabbit. | Trivariate correlation analysis of hemodynamic indices of the cardiovascular system in rabbits with diphtheria showed that adaptation of this system to direct action of diphtherin can be visualized by analysis of trivariate correlation tightness for indices of intraventricular pressure in the left and right ventricles ... |
2,322,894 | Gene expression of Spag6 in chick central nervous system. | Using a differential display method, we identified sperm-associated antigen 6 (Spag6) as a gene with a dynamic expression profile within the chick embryonic spinal cord. The expression of Spag6 gradually decreased along with spinal cord development. Spag6 expression was detected adjacent to the ventricular zone of the ... |
2,322,895 | Identifying the efferent projections of leptin-responsive neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus using a novel conditional tracing approach. | Tracing the axonal projections of selected neurons is labor intensive and inherently limited by currently available neuroanatomical methods. We developed an adeno-associated virus (AAV) that can be used for efficiently tracing identified neuronal populations. The virus encodes a humanized Renilla green fluorescent prot... |
2,322,896 | Midbrain cleft as a cause of chronic internuclear ophthalmoplegia, progressive ataxia, and facial weakness. | A 44-year-old man with progressive ataxia, facial weakness, bilateral adduction deficits, and abducting nystagmus was initially misdiagnosed and treated for multiple sclerosis because a midbrain anatomic cleft had been overlooked on brain MRI. Six cases of "midbrain (or mesencephalic) cleft" or "keyhole aqueduct syndro... |
2,322,897 | Magnetic resonance imaging findings in patients with schizophrenia. | To determine structural abnormalities in the brain of patients with schizophrenia by Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI).</AbstractText>Comparative study.</AbstractText>The Departments of Radiology and Psychiatry, the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi, from January 2007 to June 2008.</AbstractText>Thirty-three cases o... |
2,322,898 | Cytologic diagnosis of central neurocytoma in intraoperative squash preparations: a report of 2 cases. | Central neurocytoma is a rare central nervous system tumor typically found in the lateral ventricles and at the spectrum pellucidum. Two patients with central neurocytoma underwent intraoperative frozen section diagnoses, and the cytologic evaluations are described.</AbstractText>Case 1 was a 21-year-old female who com... |
2,322,899 | Feasibility of neuroendoscopic biopsy of pediatric brain tumors. | The purpose of this study was to investigate the potential value of neuroendoscopic biopsies in pediatric patients with peri- or intraventricular tumors.</AbstractText>From 2001 to 2008, 49 pediatric patients (mean age, 12.16 years) with tumors located in the intraventricular or paraventricular areas underwent neuroend... |
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