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3,100 | Preconditioning modulates susceptibility to ischemia-induced arrhythmias in the rat heart: the role of alpha-adrenergic stimulation and K(ATP) channels. | A new concept of cardioprotection based on the exploitation of endogenous mechanisms is known as ischemic preconditioning (IPC). It has been hypothesized that substances released during brief ischemic stress (e.g. catecholamines) stimulate the receptors and trigger multiple cell signaling cascades. Opening of ATP-sensi... |
3,101 | Differences in the activation patterns between sustained and self-terminating episodes of human ventricular fibrillation. | Experimental studies have suggested that R-R interval dynamics during ventricular fibrillation (VF) have organized features, but whether dynamic behavior of non-sustained VF differs from sustained VF is unknown.</AbstractText>The purpose of this study was to investigate whether the dynamics of R-R intervals during non-... |
3,102 | Intrapericardial therapeutics: a pharmacodynamic and pharmacokinetic comparison between pericardial and intravenous procainamide delivery. | Procainamide delivery into the pericardial space may produce a greater and more prolonged electrophysiologic effect, particularly in thin superficial atrial tissue, compared with intravenous delivery.</AbstractText>Swine were randomized to sequential procainamide doses delivered intravenously (n = 6) or into the perica... |
3,103 | Outcome of women versus men with ventricular tachyarrhythmias treated with the implantable cardioverter defibrillator. | Important sex differences in the incidence and outcome of patients with ischemic heart disease, the leading cause of ventricular tachyarrhythmias, have been identified. Implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) therapy has become the treatment of choice for patients with ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular ... |
3,104 | Characterization of paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation in the human left atrium during initiation and sustained episodes. | Atrial fibrillation (AF) in the left atrium (LA) is poorly defined in terms of regional differences in the degree of organization, characteristics of paroxysmal and persistent variants, and electrophysiologic events that develop at the onset of episodes.</AbstractText>The study population consisted of 21 patients (15 m... |
3,105 | [Thanatogenesis variants in drug use poisoning]. | The study of 179 autopsy cases of narcotic poisoning has distinguished four main types of tanatogenesis, the "brain death" being most frequent. The second type was tanatogenesis by type of "sudden cardiac death" with ventricular fibrillation. The third one is tanatogenesis by type of "toxic edema of the lungs" with sev... |
3,106 | A randomised cross-over study on the haemodynamic effects of oral dofetilide compared with oral sotalol in patients with ischaemic heart disease and sustained ventricular tachycardia. | To assess the haemodynamic effects of short-term treatment with dofetilide in comparison with sotalol in patients with ischaemic heart disease.</AbstractText>Twelve patients with ischaemic heart disease and sustained ventricular tachycardia were treated with dofetilide [500 microg twice daily (b.i.d.)] or sotalol (160 ... |
3,107 | Catheter ablation for cardiac arrhythmias. | The clinical introduction of catheter ablation in 1981 revolutionized the treatment of cardiac arrhythmias. Implementation of radiofrequency as an alternative energy source, with the advantages of higher selectivity and less collateral damage, provided an expansion of catheter ablation therapy. Today the majority of ar... |
3,108 | The effects of acute and chronic amiodarone on activation patterns and defibrillation threshold during ventricular fibrillation in dogs. | The goal of this study was to evaluate the effects of acute and chronic amiodarone on activation patterns during ventricular fibrillation (VF), ventricular effective refractory period (VERP) and defibrillation threshold (DFT).</AbstractText>Acute and chronic amiodarone may act through different mechanisms.</AbstractTex... |
3,109 | Do atrial tachyarrhythmias beget ventricular tachyarrhythmias in defibrillator recipients? | This study was designed to analyze the incidence of "dual tachycardia"-ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF) preceded by paroxysmal atrial tachycardia (AT) or atrial fibrillation (AF)-in patients receiving dual-chamber implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs).</AbstractText>Paroxysmal AT/A... |
3,110 | The electrophysiologic mechanism of ST-segment elevation in Brugada syndrome. | We sought to demonstrate the electrophysiologic (EP) mechanism of the ST-T change in Brugada syndrome.</AbstractText>Brugada syndrome is characterized by various electrocardiographic manifestations (e.g., right bundle branch block, ST-segment elevation, and terminal T-wave inversion in the right precordial leads) and s... |
3,111 | The role of growth factors and ammonia in the genesis of hypokalemic nephropathy. | Hypokalemia is a common electrolyte abnormality encountered in clinical practice. It can be identified in an asymptomatic patient undergoing routine electrolyte screening or can manifest itself as part of a number of functional abnormalities in a variety of organs and systems. Among the most commonly recognized complic... |
3,112 | Treatment of post resuscitation myocardial dysfunction: aortic counterpulsation versus dobutamine. | Post resuscitation myocardial stunning is well described and recognized as a significant contributor to poor long-term outcome following cardiac arrest. Optimal strategies for treatment have not been determined.</AbstractText>Ten domestic swine (49+/-3 kg) underwent 15 min of untreated ventricular fibrillation before b... |
3,113 | Low chance of survival among patients requiring adrenaline (epinephrine) or intubation after out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in Sweden. | To relate the outcome of out-of-hospital cardiac arrest to whether medication with adrenaline (epinephrine) was given and whether patients were intubated.</AbstractText>A national survey in Sweden between 1990-1995 among patients suffering out-of-hospital cardiac arrest and in whom resuscitation was attempted. Sixty pe... |
3,114 | Prevention of deterioration of ventricular fibrillation by basic life support during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. | Survival of cardiac arrest is improved by basic life support (BLS). This study investigated the relationship between ventricular fibrillation (VF) characteristics and survival. In a 2-year prospective study out-of-hospital witnessed non-traumatic cardiac arrests were observed. The probabilities of recording VF, asystol... |
3,115 | Long-term benefits of biventricular pacing in congestive heart failure: results from the MUltisite STimulation in cardiomyopathy (MUSTIC) study. | The main objective of this study was to assess if the benefits of biventricular (BiV) pacing observed during the crossover phase were sustained over 12 months.</AbstractText>MUltisite STimulation In Cardiomyopathies (MUSTIC) is a randomized controlled study intended to evaluate the effects of BiV pacing in patients wit... |
3,116 | Sudden death after radiofrequency ablation of the atrioventricular node in patients with atrial fibrillation. | We evaluated the incidence and predictors of sudden death after atrioventricular (AV) node ablation and pacemaker implantation.</AbstractText>Sudden death may occur after radiofrequency catheter ablation of the AV node and pacemaker implantation in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Whether it is related to the pr... |
3,117 | Successful rescue of sustained ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation after coronary artery bypass grafting by extracorporeal membrane oxygenation. | Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) can be set up quickly at the bedside and provides reliable temporary mechanical circulatory support for severe heart failure. We report the case of a 56-year-old female with circulatory collapse due to sustained ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation (VT/Vf) afte... |
3,118 | [Coronary bypass surgery in octogenarians]. | The age of the patients referred for coronary bypass surgery is getting older progressively. Early and late postoperative outcome of octogenarians were evaluated and compared with younger age group in this study.</AbstractText>Records of 55 patients aged 80 years or older (mean age 82.7 +/- 2.8) among 3834 patients, wh... |
3,119 | Atrial fibrillation, the arrhythmia of the elderly, causes and associated conditions. | Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a common clinical problem, particularly in the elderly, and in patients with organic heart disease. A small percentage of patients, have a potentially reversible cause. Atrial fibrillation is in most patients (approximately 70%) associated with chronic organic heart disease including valvula... |
3,120 | [Do mobile telephones have adverse effects on the functions of implantable cardioverter defibrillators?]. | The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of widely used mobile telephones on the functions of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICD).</AbstractText>The study included 9 patients (2 women, 7 men, mean age 65.5 +/- 6) with coronary artery disease who had underwent transvenous ICD implantation due to su... |
3,121 | [Ultrasonic integrated backscatter analysis in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy: comparison with healthy individuals]. | Ultrasonic tissue characterization, based on the measurements of integrated backscatter (IBS) analysis, has the potential to provide quantitative information which could characterize the functional and structural state of cardiac muscle. In this study we aimed to determine whether the integrated backscatter is measurab... |
3,122 | Clinical and molecular characterization of patients with catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia. | Mutations in the cardiac ryanodine receptor gene (RyR2) underlie catecholaminergic polymorphic ventricular tachycardia (CPVT), an inherited arrhythmogenic disease occurring in the structurally intact heart. The proportion of patients with CPVT carrying RyR2 mutations is unknown, and the clinical features of RyR2-CPVT a... |
3,123 | Long-term pharmacologic management of atrial fibrillation in the elderly. | The first decision to be made in treating atrial fibrillation in the elderly is to determine whether to pursue a treatment strategy of rate control or rhythm control. Both strategies require use of anticoagulation therapy with warfarin (target international normalized ratio, 2.5; range 2-3). If a decision is made for r... |
3,124 | Effects of adrenaline on electrophysiological parameters during short exposure to global ischemia. A ventricular fibrillation study in isolated heart. | The mechanisms by which adrenaline may enhance defibrillation success rate, is poorly understood.</AbstractText>To study electrophysiological effects of adrenaline during short exposure to global ischemia.</AbstractText>In isolated perfused feline hearts, coronary perfusion was eliminated repeatedly for 1 min with 10 m... |
3,125 | Management of common arrhythmias: Part II. Ventricular arrhythmias and arrhythmias in special populations. | In patients without established cardiac disease, the occurrence of premature ventricular complexes without sustained ventricular tachycardia is more an annoyance than a medical risk, and treatment is not required. In contrast, patients with established heart disease and premature ventricular complexes have a higher lik... |
3,126 | Management of common arrhythmias: Part I. Supraventricular arrhythmias. | Family physicians frequently encounter patients with symptoms that could be related to cardiac arrhythmias, most commonly atrial fibrillation or supraventricular tachycardias. The initial management of atrial fibrillation includes ventricular rate control to provide adequate cardiac output. In patients with severely de... |
3,127 | Multiple spatially distributed stimulators and timing programs for entrainment of activation during ventricular fibrillation. | Activation sequences during ventricular fibrillation (VF) display complex pattern and fast rate. Recent evidence suggests that even during VF an excitable gap may exist. Existence of excitable gap lead us to hypothesize that it should be possible to entrain activation patterns during VF by using spatially distributed a... |
3,128 | Epicardial electrogram of the right ventricular outflow tract in patients with the Brugada syndrome: using the epicardial lead. | We tried to record an epicardial electrogram directly, and we examined local electrograms before and after administration of a class IC anti-arrhythmic drug in patients with the Brugada syndrome.</AbstractText>Electrical heterogeneity of the epicardium in the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) has been thought to b... |
3,129 | Biphasic versus monophasic shock waveform for conversion of atrial fibrillation: the results of an international randomized, double-blind multicenter trial. | This study compared a biphasic waveform with a conventional monophasic waveform for cardioversion of atrial fibrillation (AF).</AbstractText>Biphasic shock waveforms have been demonstrated to be superior to monophasic shocks for termination of ventricular fibrillation, but data regarding biphasic shocks for conversion ... |
3,130 | Cardioprotective effects of 9-hydroxyellipticine on ischemia and reperfusion in isolated rat heart. | We determined the effect of 9-hydroxyellipticine (9HE) on ryanodine receptor (RyR) and cardiac function after global ischemia in isolated rat hearts. The binding of [3H]-ryanodine in rabbit cardiac sarcoplasmic reticulum was displaced by 9HE in a biphasic manner corresponding to the two sites model with IC50 values of ... |
3,131 | 4-Aminopyridine: effects on electrical activity during ischemia and reperfusion in perfused rat hearts. | We investigated the effects of 2 and 4 mM 4-aminopyridine (4-AP,--blocker of the transient outward current I(to) on the electrophysiological response to regional ischemia and reperfusion. Spontaneously beating rat hearts were subjected to coronary occlusion (10 min) followed by reperfusion. The surface electrogram and ... |
3,132 | A selective alpha(2)-adrenergic agonist for cardiac resuscitation. | The effects of selective alpha(2)-adrenergic agonist alpha-methylnorepinephrine on the initial success of resuscitation and postresuscitation myocardial function were compared with nonselective alpha- and beta-adrenergic epinephrine in a swine model of cardiac arrest. Epinephrine, the primary pharmacological interventi... |
3,133 | Routine use of the radial artery for coronary artery revascularization. | Between January 1997 and December 2000, a total of 4,000 patients underwent myocardial revascularization using the radial artery as one of the conduits. The mean age of the patients was 54 +/- 7 years, and 92.8% of them were male. Of these patients, 31% had a left ventricular ejection fraction below 40% and 22.8% under... |
3,134 | [Coronary thrombosis on patient with the factor V Leiden mutation]. | We report a documented observation of coronary thrombosis occurring in a 25-year-old patient with no risk factor, presenting a hereditary thrombophilia (facteur V Leiden) diagnosed a few months earlier in a context of venous thrombosis. This patient had a spread out anterior myocardial infarction with cardiac arrest du... |
3,135 | Predictors of clinical recurrence after successful electrical cardioversion of chronic persistent atrial fibrillation: clinical and electrophysiological observations. | Recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) after electrical cardioversion of chronic AF is not uncommon. However, it remains unclear which parameter(s) predict clinical recurrence. To assess the potential predictors of clinical recurrence after successful electrical cardioversion, we analyzed clinical, echocardiographic an... |
3,136 | Brugada syndrome: an unusual cause of convulsive syncope. | A patient who presented with a new apparent seizure was found to have abnormal electrocardiographic findings, with classic features of the Brugada syndrome. He had spontaneous episodes of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia, easily inducible ventricular fibrillation at electrophysiological study in the absence of stru... |
3,137 | Determination of the target ventricular rate in patients with atrial fibrillation by evaluation of ventriculoarterial coupling. | In a pilot study, we determined the target ventricular rate of patients with atrial fibrillation by evaluating their ventriculoarterial coupling. Eleven patients with atrial fibrillation were studied. We recorded M-mode echocardiograms and radial artery blood pressure simultaneously. The left ventricular end-systolic p... |
3,138 | Downregulation of immunodetectable atrial connexin40 in a canine model of chronic left ventricular myocardial infarction: implications to atrial fibrillation. | The substrate(s) for atrial fibrillation associated with chronic left ventricular myocardial infarction remain poorly defined. Since atrial connexin40 has a rapid turnover rate and may cause atrial fibrillation, we hypothesized that chronic left ventricular myocardial infarction downregulates atrial Connexin40 and incr... |
3,139 | Transmyocardial laser revascularization and left ventricular reduction surgery affect ventricular arrhythmias and heart rate variability. | Transmyocardial laser revascularization (TMLR) and left ventricular reduction by endoventricular patch plasty (LVR) are 2 new surgical procedures performed in patients with endstage coronary artery disease and left ventricular dilation/aneurysms, respectively. As these are performed in patients at high risk for sudden ... |
3,140 | Baseline characteristics of patients with atrial fibrillation: the AFFIRM Study. | Although anticoagulation therapy is accepted for most patients with atrial fibrillation, 2 different strategies exist for management of the cardiac rhythm: atrial fibrillation is allowed to persist while the ventricular rate is controlled; and atrial fibrillation is converted, and an attempt is made to maintain sinus r... |
3,141 | Quality of life improves with treatment in the Canadian Trial of Atrial Fibrillation. | The impact of atrial fibrillation (AF) and its treatment on health-related quality of life (QOL) is not well understood. We assessed QOL in patients with symptomatic AF participating in the Canadian Trial of Atrial Fibrillation.</AbstractText>Self-report QOL questionnaires including the Short-Form-36 (SF-36), symptom c... |
3,142 | Effect of low-dose amiodarone on atrial fibrillation or flutter in Japanese patients with heart failure. | The efficacy and safety of amiodarone in the management of atrial fibrillation (AF) or flutter in 108 Japanese patients with heart failure was retrospectively examined. Thirty-four (41%) of the 82 patients who were in sinus rhythm after 1 month of amiodarone administration had their first recurrence, 70% of cases occur... |
3,143 | Long-term prognosis of patients with mildly dilated cardiomyopathy. | The long-term prognosis of patients with mildly dilated cardiomyopathy (MDCM) was investigated in 21 patients. MDCM was defined as left ventricular ejection fraction < or = 40% and left ventricular end-diastolic volume < or = 120 ml/m2 by left ventriculography. During a follow-up period of 6.8+/-3.7 years, there ... |
3,144 | Clinical significance of the dispersion of the activation--recovery interval and recovery time as markers for ventricular fibrillation susceptibility in patients with Brugada syndrome. | Brugada syndrome (BS) is associated with sudden cardiac death and the markers for ventricular fibrillation (VF) remain unclear, so the activation-recovery interval (ARI) dispersion and recovery time (RT) dispersion were investigated as possible markers in 20 subjects with BS (BS group) and 22 healthy individuals (H gro... |
3,145 | Effects of physiological and pharmacological concentrations of melatonin on ischemia-reperfusion arrhythmias in rats: can the incidence of sudden cardiac death be reduced? | Cardiac arrhythmias during ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) are believed to be related to free radicals generated in the heart especially during the period of reperfusion. The pineal secretory product, melatonin, is known to be a potent free radical scavenger and its pharmacological concentrations have been shown to reduce t... |
3,146 | Vasopressin improves survival in a pig model of hypothermic cardiopulmonary resuscitation. | During hypothermic cardiopulmonary resuscitation with a body core temperature <30 degrees C administration of a vasopressor to support coronary perfusion pressure is controversial. The purpose of the current study was to assess the effects of a single 0.4-unit/kg dose of vasopressin on coronary perfusion pressure, d... |
3,147 | Myocardial function and effect of serum in isolated heart from hypertriglyceridemic and hypertensive rats. | We evaluated the myocardial function of rats with sugar-induced hypertriglyceridemia (HTG) and hypertension, and the effect of serum on myocardial performance in the isolated heart preparation. Also, the response to reperfusion after 30 minutes of global ischemia was investigated. Hearts from HTG rats developed lower v... |
3,148 | Dynamics and interaction of filaments in a computational model of re-entrant ventricular fibrillation. | Ventricular fibrillation (VF) is a lethal cardiac arrhythmia. Re-entry, in which action potential wavefronts rotate around filaments, is believed to sustain VF. In this study we used a computational model of multiple wavelet fibrillation in the thin-walled right ventricle (10 mm thick) and the thicker walled left ventr... |
3,149 | Protein kinase Calpha mediates the effect of antiarrhythmic peptide on gap junction conductance. | We investigated the effects of the antiarrhythmic peptide AAP10 (GAG-4Hyp-PY-CONH2, 50 nM) on pairs of adult guinea pig cardiomyocytes and on pairs of HeLa-cells transfected with rat connexin43 (Cx43). Using double cell voltage clamp technique in cardiomyocytes under control conditions, gap junction conductance (Gj) st... |
3,150 | Ventricular pacing or dual-chamber pacing for sinus-node dysfunction. | Dual-chamber (atrioventricular) and single-chamber (ventricular) pacing are alternative treatment approaches for sinus-node dysfunction that causes clinically significant bradycardia. However, it is unknown which type of pacing results in the better outcome.</AbstractText>We randomly assigned a total of 2010 patients w... |
3,151 | Electrical refractory period restitution and spiral wave reentry in simulated cardiac tissue. | Theoretical and experimental studies have shown that restitution of the cardiac action potential (AP) duration (APD) plays a major role in predisposing ventricular tachycardia to degenerate to ventricular fibrillation, whereas its role in atrial fibrillation is unclear. We used the Courtemanche human atrial cell model ... |
3,152 | Effect of the cardioselective ATP-sensitive potassium channel inhibitor HMR 1883 in a porcine model of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. | HMR 1883 (the free acid form of HMR 1098) selectively inactivates myocardial ATP sensitive potassium channels, which may be a potential important therapeutic approach to prevent life-threatening arrhythmias. This study was designed to assess the effects of HMR 1883 combined with adrenaline on haemodynamic variables, bl... |
3,153 | Noradrenaline, infused locally, reduces arrhythmia severity during coronary artery occlusion in anaesthetised dogs. | To contribute to the debate, discussed in an earlier issue, regarding the role of adrenoceptors in the genesis of early, coronary artery occlusion-induced ventricular arrhythmias.</AbstractText>Mongrel dogs anaesthetised with chloralose and urethane were given either noradrenaline (NA, 100 ng kg(-1) min(-1)), phenyleph... |
3,154 | Dedifferentiation of atrial myocytes during atrial fibrillation: role of fibroblast proliferation in vitro. | Severe myocyte alterations, characterized by enlarged myocytes and myolysis, is observed in fibrillating and dilated atria and contributes to atrial fibrillation. The aim of this study was to determine the nature of this cellular remodeling process and factors involved in its regulation.</AbstractText>In vivo, contract... |
3,155 | Body surface potential mapping in patients with Brugada syndrome: right precordial ST segment variations and reverse changes in left precordial leads. | The aim of this study was to perform quantitative signal analysis of high-resolution body surface potential mapping (BSPM) recordings to assess its usefulness for the electrocardiographic characterization of patients with Brugada syndrome. The diagnostic value of the QRS integral and of the gradient of the ST segment h... |
3,156 | Enalapril effects on atrial remodeling and atrial fibrillation in experimental congestive heart failure. | Atrial remodeling contributes to the maintenance of atrial fibrillation (AF) in several cardiac disorders. There is evidence that angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors reduce the prevalence of AF in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). There have been no studies performed to assess the effects of ACE ... |
3,157 | Adenoviral gene transfer to the heart during cardiopulmonary bypass: effect of myocardial protection technique on transgene expression. | Adenoviral gene transfer to the arrested heart during cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) is a novel method of allowing prolonged vector contact with the myocardium. In this model we investigated the importance of temperature, duration of arrest and cardioplegia on transgene expression.</AbstractText>First-generation adenovir... |
3,158 | [Effect of estrogens on the coronary circulation, cardiac contractile function, and development of reperfusion arrhythmia]. | 17-beta-estradiolsulfate (17-ES) was shown to exert a distinct vasoconstrictory effect on coronary vessels resulting in a decrease of the force contraction as well indexes of contractility. The distinct antiarrhythmic effect suggests that 17-ES possesses some properties of calcium antagonist. |
3,159 | Mechanism of syncope in patients with heart disease and negative electrophysiologic test. | In patients with syncope and structural heart disease, syncope is suspected to be attributable to a primary cardiac arrhythmia, but little is known of its mechanism when electrophysiologic study is unremarkable.</AbstractText>We applied an implantable loop recorder in 35 patients with overt heart disease at risk of ven... |
3,160 | Analysis of factors associated with successful cardiopulmonary resuscitation in non-traumatic dead-on-arrival patients in emergency department. | Out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary arrest has a dismal prognosis. Successful resuscitation of these patients depends on the "chain of survival". In Taiwan, the emergency medical services (EMS) system is under development and the links of "chain of survival" are weak and frequently broken. A 2-year retrospective study was ... |
3,161 | [Open heart radio frequency left atrial compartmentation during mitral valve surgery: an alternative to the labyrinth procedure?]. | The authors report their experience of radiofrequency left atrial compartimentation during open heart mitral valve surgery on 37 patients with a 42 +/- 12 months history of atrial fibrillation. The preoperative left ventricular ejection fraction was 62 +/- 8%; the left atrial diameter was 59 +/- 11 mm. The mean operati... |
3,162 | [Role of antiarrhythmics in the treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation]. | Atrial fibrillation is not a homogenous entity. Numerous parameters affect its cause, its continuation, and the arrest of an attack. The presence or absence of cardiopathy and left ventricular dysfunction play a major role via the electrophysiological and haemodynamic consequences and the repercussions on the state of ... |
3,163 | [Monophasic action potentials: considerations and limits]. | Monophasic action potentials are currents recorded in vivo in the extracellular milieu which can reproduce the repolarisation signal of intracellular action potentials. For a long time unstable and complex to record, they now require simply a firm myocardial contact with a bipolar electrophysiological catheter and modi... |
3,164 | [Endocavitary ablation for arrhythmias. New modalities of radiofrequency applications. New energy types]. | Radiofrequency remains the reference energy type for catheter ablation of rhythm disorders. In the classic indications, which are atrial flutter or tachycardia, nodal re-entry and Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome, this energy source has the best cost-efficiency-safety ratio, subject to strict conditions of use. Some new ... |
3,165 | [Role of atrial stimulation in the treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation]. | Preventive treatments for atrial fibrillation by stimulation have been developed for several years now, mainly due to the relative failure of anti-arrhythmic treatments. They are based on the hypothetical effects of stimulation by controlling cardiac frequency, abolishing bradycardia-dependent extrasystoles, by the inh... |
3,166 | CVT-510 (CV Therapeutics). | CVT-510, the lead compound from a series of selective adenosine A1 receptor agonists, is being developed by CV Therapeutics for the potential treatment of supraventricular tachycardias and atrial arrhythmias [224364], [299365]. Phase II trialsfor atrial fibrillation commenced in December 1999 [349469], while a phase II... |
3,167 | Novel mutations in domain I of SCN5A cause Brugada syndrome. | Brugada syndrome, an autosomal dominantly inherited form of ventricular fibrillation characterized by ST-segment elevation in leads V1-V3 and right bundle-branch block on surface electrocardiogram, is caused by mutations in the cardiac sodium channel gene SCN5A. Patients with Brugada syndrome were studied using single-... |
3,168 | Method for ventricular fibrillation detection in the external electrocardiogram using nonlinear prediction. | The automatic external defibrillator is a lifesaving device which processes and analyses the electrocardiogram (ECG) and delivers defibrillation shock when necessary. The accuracy of the built-in algorithm for ECG analysis must be very high, with sensitivity and specificity aimed to approach the maximum values of 100%.... |
3,169 | A novel ultrasound technique to estimate right ventricular geometry during fibrillation. | Finite element modelling of the heart for the purpose of studying the electric fields of defibrillation shocks requires knowledge of the geometry of the heart during fibrillation. However, the standard method of measuring this geometry, MRI. cannot be used during fibrillation because the heart geometry changes rapidly ... |
3,170 | Randomized study of early intravenous esmolol versus oral beta-blockers in preventing post-CABG atrial fibrillation in high risk patients identified by signal-averaged ECG: results of a pilot study. | Patients with prolonged signal-averaged ECG have four times higher risk for development of atrial fibrillation (AF) after coronary artery bypass surgery (CABG). Incidence of AF is reduced, but not eliminated by prophylaxis with beta-blockers. The limitations of prophylaxis with oral beta-blockers may be related to the ... |
3,171 | Documentation of acute rise in ventricular capture thresholds associated with flecainide acetate. | Treatment of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation with flecainide acetate resulted in a 4-fold increase in ventricular capture thresholds. The detailed time course of the threshold increase and decrease was documented using the AutoCapture algorithm and graphic summary. |
3,172 | Minimal principle for rotor filaments. | Three-dimensional rotors, or scroll waves, provide essential insight into the activity of excitable media. They also are a suspected cause in the formation and maintenance of ventricular fibrillation, whose lethality is well known. It is therefore of considerable interest to find out what configurations can be adopted ... |
3,173 | Frequency distribution, variance, and moving average of left ventricular rhythm and contractility during atrial fibrillation in dog. | Mean levels of left ventricular rhythm and contractility averaged over arrhythmic beats would characterize the average cardiac performance during atrial fibrillation (AF). However, no consensus exists on the minimal number of beats for their reliable mean values. We analyzed their basic statistics to find out such a mi... |
3,174 | Improvement in resuscitation knowledge after a one-day paediatric life-support course. | To assess the effect of a one-day paediatric life-support course on the knowledge of paediatric trainees.</AbstractText>A telephone survey was performed prior to and at set intervals following the course. Responses to individual questions before and after the course were analysed and an overall test score was calculate... |
3,175 | Dynamic nature of atrial fibrillation substrate during development and reversal of heart failure in dogs. | Clinical atrial fibrillation (AF) often results from pathologies that cause atrial structural remodeling. The reversibility of arrhythmogenic structural remodeling on removal of the underlying stimulus has not been studied systematically.</AbstractText>Chronically instrumented dogs were subjected to 4 to 6 weeks of ven... |
3,176 | A comparison between ischemic preconditioning, intermittent cross-clamp fibrillation and cold crystalloid cardioplegia for myocardial protection during coronary artery bypass graft surgery. | The aim of this study was to compare ischemic preconditioning (IPC) with two established methods of myocardial protection, namely cold crystalloid cardioplegia and intermittent cross-clamp fibrillation (ICCF), in coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. This was a prospective randomised study. Thirty CABG patients ... |
3,177 | Non-invasive Wedensky modulation within the QRS complex. | To investigate non-invasively induced Wedensky modulation, 2ms pulses of 5, 20 and 40mA were delivered between precordial and subscapular patches synchronously with the ORS complex. Wavelet vector magnitude was obtained for averaged modulated and non-modulated complexes. The surface area of a 3D-envelope of their diffe... |
3,178 | Low recurrence of syncope in patients with inducible sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias treated with an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator. | To determine the effectiveness of the implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) in preventing recurrence of syncope in patients with structural heart disease, previously unexplained syncope and inducible ventricular arrhythmias.</AbstractText>Thirty-eight patients with syncope, structural heart disease and inducible... |
3,179 | J wave and ST segment elevation in the inferior leads: a latent type of variant Brugada syndrome? | In a patient referred for the evaluation of non-sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia on Holter recordings, ventricular fibrillation was electrically induced during electrophysiologic study. Despite the absence of structural heart diseases, his ECG revealed J wave and ST segment elevation in the inferior leads,... |
3,180 | [The amiodarone-beta blockers combination could represent an alternative treatment in patients at risk for sudden death in which a benefit from implantable defibrillators has not been clearly demonstrated]. | The combination of amiodarone and beta-blockers appears superior to amiodarone alone in the prevention of sudden death. At present this combination can be proposed to patients at risk of sudden death in whom a beneficial effect of the implantable defibrillator has not been clearly demonstrated. Therefore, the patients ... |
3,181 | Left ventricular function in atrial fibrillation during overdrive pacing. | Our purpose was to measure the effect of ventricular pacing in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) on stroke volume and cardiac output.</AbstractText>Unceasing variation in cycle length in AF decreases stroke volume and cardiac output. Because ventricular-inhibited pacing after atrioventricular node ablation has bee... |
3,182 | Effect of surgical revascularization in patients with coronary artery disease and ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation in the Antiarrhythmics Versus Implantable Defibrillators (AVID) Registry. | Patients who undergo resuscitation from near-fatal ventricular arrhythmias often have significant coronary artery disease, and revascularization has been shown to reduce myocardial ischemia and cardiac arrest episodes in this patient population. The magnitude of benefit attributed to revascularization has varied by stu... |
3,183 | Electrophysiologic characteristics and implications of induced ventricular fibrillation in symptomatic patients with Brugada syndrome. | The study examined the electrocardiographic and electrophysiologic characteristics in relation to programmed ventricular stimulation (PVS)-induced ventricular fibrillation (VF), as well as the implications of PVS-induced VF on the recurrence of cardiac events in symptomatic Brugada syndrome.</AbstractText>Brugada syndr... |
3,184 | Quality of care for patients hospitalized with heart failure: assessing the impact of hospitalists. | The quality of care provided to patients hospitalized for heart failure has been shown to vary by physician, hospital, and region. Hospitalists appear to reduce costs and length of stay, yet their impact on quality of care is less certain.</AbstractText>To compare quality of care and resource utilization among patients... |
3,185 | [Ventricular fibrillation after surgical revascularization]. | Ventricular fibrillation (VF) presents a complete disintegrated myocardial activity associated with hemodynamic collapse and loss of consciousness requiring urgent reanimation. VF mostly occurs following myocardial infarction and endstage of ischemic heart disease in patients with ejection fraction less than 30%.</Abst... |
3,186 | Impact of myocardial ischemia and reperfusion on ventricular defibrillation patterns, energy requirements, and detection of recovery. | Shocks that have defibrillated spontaneous ventricular fibrillation (VF) during acute ischemia or reperfusion may seem to have failed if VF recurs before the ECG amplifier recovers after shock. This could explain why the defibrillation threshold (DFT) for spontaneous VF appears markedly higher than for electrically ind... |
3,187 | Short-term effects of sinus rhythm restoration in patients with lone atrial fibrillation: a hormonal study. | It is well known that atrial fibrillation can lead to heart failure, and is attributed to rapid ventricular rate (tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy). Some recent studies suggest the possible existence of an intrinsic left-ventricular factor related to atrial fibrillation, irrespective of other elements. In order to de... |
3,188 | Longstanding atrial fibrillation causes depletion of atrial natriuretic peptide in patients with advanced congestive heart failure. | Congestive heart failure (CHF) is characterized by neurohormonal activation, including increased plasma concentrations of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) and N-terminal ANP (N-ANP). Onset of atrial fibrillation (AF) further increases these peptides, but it may be hypothesized that concentrations decrease during longst... |
3,189 | Large sample test of defibrillation waveform sensitivity. | An unknown mechanism causes defibrillation efficacy to be sensitive to the temporal pattern (waveform) of the delivered energy. Using a guinea pig model, we tested hypotheses in 140 defibrillation waveforms.</AbstractText>Two hundred seven male guinea pigs (950 +/- 100 g) were instrumented to continuously monitor the E... |
3,190 | Prognostic significance of nonsustained ventricular tachycardia after revascularization. | Two randomized trials (Multicenter Automatic Defibrillator Implantation Trial [MADIT] and Multicenter Unsustained Tachycardia Trial [MUSTT]) suggest that implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) placement is associated with improved survival in patients with coronary artery disease, depressed left ventricular funct... |
3,191 | Lack of benefit of an active pectoral pulse generator on atrial defibrillation thresholds. | Atrial defibrillation can be achieved with standard implantable cardioverter defibrillator leads, which has led to the development of combined atrial and ventricular devices. For ventricular defibrillation, use of an active pectoral electrode (active can) in the shocking pathway markedly reduces defibrillation threshol... |
3,192 | Impaired detection of ventricular tachyarrhythmias by a rate-smoothing algorithm in dual-chamber implantable defibrillators: intradevice interactions. | Rate smoothing is an algorithm initially designed to prevent rapid changes in pacemaker rates. In this study, we sought to determine the potential of the rate-smoothing mechanism in preventing detection of ventricular tachyarrhythmias.</AbstractText>Clinical testing of rate smoothing was performed at the time of defibr... |
3,193 | Temporal patterns of atrial arrhythmia recurrences in patients with implantable defibrillators: implications for assessing antiarrhythmic therapies. | The statistical measures commonly used to assess therapies for recurrent atrial arrhythmias (such as time to first recurrence) often assume a uniformly random pattern of arrhythmic events over time. However, the true temporal pattern of atrial arrhythmia recurrences is unknown. The aim of this study was to use linear a... |
3,194 | [Women and cardiovascular diseases]. | The authors draw attention to the important role played by menopause in the onset of arterial hypertension, enhanced coronary risk and dyslipidemia, for which a particularly useful association has been found to be estrogens, only if administered by mouth (alone or with progestins), and statins. The authors review numer... |
3,195 | Small aortic root as a cause of sudden death in a young adult: a controversial topic revisited. | Sudden cardiac death over the age of 35 years is mostly due to coronary atherosclerosis, whereas under the age of 35 years, a variety of mainly congenital malformations prevail. However, hypoplasia of the aortic root in adults, first introduced by Laurie in 1968 as a cause of sudden cardiac death in adults, is never in... |
3,196 | Effects of captopril and losartan on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion induced arrhythmias and necrosis in rats. | Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and angiotensin II type 1 (AT (1)) receptor blockers improve ischemia-reperfusion induced arrhythmias and infarct size in several animal models. However, the effects of pretreatment with ACEIs or AT (1) receptor blockers on acute myocardial infarct size and arrhythmias a... |
3,197 | Osborn waves associated with ventricular fibrillation in a patient with vasospastic angina. | A 52-year-old man with a history of vasospastic angina experienced a severe ischemic episode accompanied by a non-Q wave myocardial infarction. Two episodes of ventricular fibrillation (VF) occurred during the acute phase of the event. Osborn waves were observed on the ECG preceding each episode of VF. In the second ep... |
3,198 | Afterdepolarizations promote the transition from ventricular tachycardia to fibrillation in a three-dimensional model of cardiac tissue. | Recent experimental results regarding the action potential duration restitution curve have explained the transition from ventricular tachycardia (VT) to fibrillation (VF) in terms of spiral wave (SW) meandering and breakup. However, it remains unclear whether VF always has a steep restitution curve. The present study w... |
3,199 | Mitral valve surgery under perfused ventricular fibrillation with moderate hypothermia. | The safety and myocardial protective effect of perfused ventricular fibrillation (VF) under moderate hypothermia were investigated. Through a midline sternotomy and opening the left atrium from the right side, isolated mitral valve surgery was performed under aortic cross-clamping (ACC) and cardioplegic arrest using Br... |
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