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3,000 | Cost effectiveness of implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy versus drug therapy for patients at high risk of sudden cardiac death. | The implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) is a therapy for patients at risk of sudden cardiac death due to ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF). But the apparent high cost of ICD therapy relative to antiarrhythmic drugs such as amiodarone has raised questions about the cost effectiveness... |
3,001 | Time-dependent cardioprotection with calcium antagonism and experimental studies with clevidipine in ischemic-reperfused pig hearts: part II. | The intracellular calcium level is increased during ischemia and early reperfusion. The aim of this study was to study the role of the calcium influx in the development of myocardial ischemic and reperfusion injury during the early and late phases of ischemia and during early reperfusion. An ultrashort-acting calcium a... |
3,002 | The prediction of defibrillation outcome using a new combination of mean frequency and amplitude in porcine models of cardiac arrest. | We estimated the predictive power with respect to defibrillation outcome of ventricular fibrillation (VF) mean frequency (FREQ), mean peak-to-trough amplitude (AMPL), and their combination. We examined VF electrocardiogram signals of 64 pigs from 4 different cardiac arrest models with different durations of untreated V... |
3,003 | The incidence and outcome of ventricular arrhythmias after noncardiac thoracic surgery. | Atrial arrhythmias are common after thoracic surgery, but the incidence and significance of ventricular arrhythmias early after such surgery are not well established. Our goal was to determine the incidence and outcome of this complication from a continuing prospective database in 412 patients who had lobectomy (n = 24... |
3,004 | Predictors of survival following in-hospital adult cardiopulmonary resuscitation. | This study was undertaken to provide up-to-date survival data for Canadian adult in-patients following attempted resuscitation from cardiac or respiratory arrest. We hope that objective data might encourage more meaningful dialogue between physicians, patients and their families regarding resuscitation wishes.</Abstrac... |
3,005 | Impact of community-wide police car deployment of automated external defibrillators on survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. | Disappointing survival rates from out-of-hospital cardiac arrests encourage strategies for faster defibrillation, such as use of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) by nonconventional responders.</AbstractText>AEDs were provided to all Miami-Dade County, Florida, police. AED-equipped police (P-AED) and conventiona... |
3,006 | Life span of ventricular fibrillation frequencies. | The nature and organization of electrical activity during ventricular fibrillation (VF) are important and controversial subjects dominated by 2 competing theories: the wavebreak and the dominant mother rotor hypothesis. To investigate spatiotemporal characteristics of ventricular fibrillation (VF), transmembrane potent... |
3,007 | Cardiac microstructure: implications for electrical propagation and defibrillation in the heart. | Our understanding of the electrophysiological properties of the heart is incomplete. We have investigated two issues that are fundamental to advancing that understanding. First, there has been widespread debate over the mechanisms by which an externally applied shock can influence a sufficient volume of heart tissue to... |
3,008 | Effects of implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation and shock application on serum endothelin-1 and big-endothelin levels. | The incidence of ventricular tachyarrhythmias in the early post-operative period following implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) implantation is relatively high compared with that in control periods. Since endothelin-1 (ET-1) has been proven to be an endogenous arrhythmogenic substance, we investigated the chang... |
3,009 | Involvement of endothelin-1 in acute ischaemic arrhythmias in cats and rats. | This study aims to investigate the role of endothelin-1 (ET-1) in the genesis of acute ischaemic arrhythmias. In anaesthetized cats and rats receiving continuous monitor of electrocardiogram and arterial blood pressure, the ischaemic arrhythmias during 60-min myocardial ischaemia elicited by the occlusion of the left a... |
3,010 | The ET(A) receptor antagonist LU 135252 has no electrophysiological or anti-arrhythmic effects during myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion in dogs. | The anti-arrhythmic effects of ET(A) receptor antagonists during myocardial ischaemia and reperfusion remain controversial. Moreover, the electrophysiological mechanism has not yet been identified. The aim of this study was to investigate the potential anti-arrhythmic and electrophysiological effects of the ET(A) recep... |
3,011 | Expressed monophasic action potential alternans before the onset of ventricular arrhythmias induced by intracoronary bolus administration of endothelin-1 in dogs. | We showed previously a direct arrhythmogenic effect of the intracoronary infusion of endothelin-1 (ET-1). We aimed to examine the electrophysiological effects of intracoronary bolus administration of ET-1 using monophasic action potential (MAP) recordings. Eight mongrel dogs received boli of ET-1 (1 and 2 nmol) into th... |
3,012 | Electrophysiologic investigation in Brugada syndrome; yield of programmed ventricular stimulation at two ventricular sites with up to three premature beats. | Numerous reports on the inducibility of ventricular tachyarrhythmias (VT) in patients with atypical right bundle branch block and right precordial ST-elevation (Brugada syndrome) are based on multicentre studies that have used different stimulation protocols. Therefore, we prospectively investigated the inducibility of... |
3,013 | [Atrial fibrillation in heart failure]. | Atrial fibrillation is a common arrhythmia in patients with congestive heart failure caused by left ventricular dysfunction and is associated with significant morbidity and possibly increased mortality rates. It occurs with increasing frequency as the severity of heart failure increases.</AbstractText>As therapeutic op... |
3,014 | [Secondary catheter ablation of atrial fibrillation]. | In patients with drug-refractory atrial fibrillation there are some non-pharmacologic therapeutic options for heart rate control or recurrence prophylaxis that do not primarily aim at the induction or maintenance of atrial fibrillation itself.</AbstractText>Using radiofrequency ablation AV nodal conduction can be compl... |
3,015 | [Atrial fibrillation: stimulation and pacemaker therapy]. | Pacing therapy is well established in all cases of symptomatic bradyarrhythmic atrial fibrillation. In paroxysmal or persistent atrial fibrillation, the implanted dual chamber pacemaker device should incorporate an automatic mode switching algorithm. Mode switch in case of atrial fibrillation detection avoids pacemaker... |
3,016 | [Pharmacological therapy of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter]. | Despite the increasing availability of nonpharmacological treatment options for atrial fibrillation, drug therapy targeted at restoration and maintenance of sinus rhythm, or aimed at symptomatic ventricular rate control remains the mainstay of therapy for the majority of patients.</AbstractText>Available data suggest t... |
3,017 | [Epidemiology of atrial fibrillation]. | FREQUENCY: Atrial fibrillation is the most frequent sustained arrhythmia, especially in the elderly. The incidence accounts for 2% past the age of 40 years, 6% over 70, an approximately 15% over 90 years old.</AbstractText>Primary cause in "idiopathic" atrial fibrillation is differentiated from secondary causes of card... |
3,018 | [Proarrhythmic effects of propafenone in a woman with hepatopathy: is it always a simple drug in clinical practice?]. | A 65-year-old woman with a history of alcoholic liver disease and presenting with fever and vomiting was admitted to an internal medicine unit. In view of recent atrial fibrillation with inadequate heart rate control, digoxin and propafenone were included in the therapeutic regimen. After a few days sinus rhythm was re... |
3,019 | Mapping and ablation of idiopathic ventricular fibrillation. | Ventricular fibrillation is the main mechanism of sudden cardiac death. The feasibility of eliminating recurrent episodes by catheter ablation has not been reported.</AbstractText>Twenty-seven patients without known heart disease (13 men, 14 women, 41+/-14 years of age) were studied after being resuscitated from recurr... |
3,020 | Sudden cardiac death: from molecular biology and cellular electrophysiology to therapy. | Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is one of the most serious problems of clinical cardiology and public health, because of its unexpected and sudden occurrence and poor response to resuscitation. Until recently, the many cases of SCD, apart from those caused by coronary heart diseases (CHD), were unexplained. Advances in meth... |
3,021 | Amiodarone in the prevention and treatment of arrhythmia. | There is good evidence that amiodarone is effective against a variety of arrhythmias and that it may be superior to other drugs in some settings. Because of its proven efficacy and safety, amiodarone is currently the leading antiarrhythmic drug. The electrophysiological actions of amiodarone are complex and not complet... |
3,022 | Gerbode's defect--a rare type of ventricular septal defect. | We report on an elderly lady in the sixth decade of life with congenital Gerbode's defect who refused surgery. She has atrial fibrillation, massive cardiomegaly and repeated episodes of lower respiratory tract infection. |
3,023 | [Treatment of acoustic neuroma]. | Acoustic neuroma is the most common tumour in the cerebello-pontine angle.</AbstractText>We present the results after surgery in 99 cases, and the natural course of the disease in 82 patients followed for up to 20 years (mean 3 years).</AbstractText>During the observation period, 43% of the tumours increased in size. 3... |
3,024 | Left ventricular true aneurysm without coronary artery occlusion--a case study. | Left ventricular true aneurysm is described as distinct area of the left ventricular wall with systolic dyskinesia where typical myocardial structure is replaced with fibrous tissue. Transmural infarction following occlusion of left anterior descending coronary artery is the most common cause of formation of the left v... |
3,025 | [Early results of mitral valve replacement in patients 65 years and older]. | 36 patients aged 65 years or more, who underwent mitral valve replacement in the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Łódź in 2000, were assessed. This group consisted of 22 women (61.1%) and 14 men (38.9%). The mean age of the patients was 68.5 years (+/- 2.96, age range from 65 to 76 ... |
3,026 | [Early results of aortic valve replacement in patients 65 year and older]. | 30 patients aged 65 years or more, who underwent aortic valve replacement in the Department of Cardiac Surgery, Medical University of Łódź in 2000, were assessed. This group consisted of 19 women (63.3%) and 11 men (36.7%). The mean age of the patients was 71.83 years +/- 3.76, age range from 66 to 78 ... |
3,027 | Sick sinus syndrome. | Sinus-node dysfunction is common in the elderly and, in most cases, does not cause any symptoms. Despite the high number of laboratory investigations, most diagnoses of sinus-node dysfunction are made by 12-lead electrocardiography, which shows severe sinus bradycardia, sinus arrest, or sinoatrial block. Continuous ele... |
3,028 | Predictors for maintenance of sinus rhythm after cardioversion in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. | Recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) after cardioversion (CV) to sinus rhythm (SR) is determined by various clinical and echocardiographic parameters. Transesophageal echocardiographic (TEE) parameters have been the focus of clinicians' interests for restoring and maintaining SR. This study determined the clinical, t... |
3,029 | The independent association of renal dysfunction and arrhythmias in critically ill patients. | The purpose of this study was to quantify the impact of baseline renal dysfunction on incidence and occurrence of cardiac arrhythmias in the coronary ICU.</AbstractText>Renal dysfunction is an established predictor of all-cause mortality in the ICU setting. We set out to evaluate the independent contributory effect of ... |
3,030 | Interactions of antiarrhythmic drugs and implantable devices in controlling ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation. | Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) have proven highly successful in the treatment of life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. Despite the efficacy of the ICD in terminating ventricular arrhythmias, antiarrhythmic drugs remain an important adjunct to ICD therapy. The use of antiarrhythmic drug therapy in co... |
3,031 | Beta-adrenergic blocking drugs as antifibrillatory agents. | Beta-Adrenergic blockade is associated with a significant reduction in mortality in most patients with structural heart disease. Clinical trial data involving patients after myocardial infarction or with congestive heart failure demonstrate that a reduction in sudden death accounts for much of the observed mortality re... |
3,032 | [Ventricular fibrillation in a 27-year-old patient with heart contusion]. | Patients with a blunt chest trauma often sustain myocardial contusion. The spectrum of symptoms varies from regional myocardial dysfunction to myocardial rupture or sudden cardiac death.</AbstractText>After a kick against his chest, a 27-year-old patient was resuscitated because of ventricular fibrillation. ECG and enz... |
3,033 | Is beta-blockade useful in heart failure patients with atrial fibrillation? An analysis of data from two previously completed prospective trials. | Beta-adrenergic blockade is of proven value in chronic heart failure. It is uncertain, however, if beta-blockade provides a similar degree of clinical benefit for heart failure patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) as those in sinus rhythm (SR).</AbstractText>To compare the effectiveness of beta blockade in patients w... |
3,034 | Doppler-echocardiographic indices of diastolic function in heart failure admissions with preserved left ventricular systolic function. | Many patients admitted to hospital with heart failure have preserved left ventricular (LV) systolic function. The incidence of isolated diastolic dysfunction as a cause of such admission remains unclear. We aimed to examine diastolic function in unselected admissions from the community with heart failure using the Euro... |
3,035 | Brugada syndrome: current clinical aspects and risk stratification. | Brugada syndrome is a primary electrical disease of the heart that causes sudden cardiac death or life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias, especially in younger men. Genetic analysis supports that this syndrome is a cardiac ion channel disease. A typical electrocardiographic finding consists of a right bundle branch b... |
3,036 | European clinical experience with a dual chamber single pass sensing and pacing defibrillation lead. | Dual chamber ICDs are increasingly implanted nowadays, mainly to improve discrimination between supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias but also to maintain AV synchrony in patients with bradycardia. The aim of this study was to investigate a new single pass right ventricular defibrillation lead capable of true bi... |
3,037 | Matching approved "nondedicated" hardware to obtain biventricular pacing and defibrillation: feasibility and troubleshooting. | Biventricular ICDs may offer increased benefit for patients with severe congestive heart failure and ventricular arrhythmia. Currently there are no approved dedicated biventricular ICDs available. Twenty-one consecutive patients who had approved nondedicated hardware implanted for biventricular pacing and defibrillatio... |
3,038 | Lightning and the Heart: Fractal Behavior in Cardiac Function. | Physical systems, from galactic clusters to diffusing molecules, often show fractal behavior. Likewise, living systems might often be well described by fractal algorithms. Such fractal descriptions in space and time imply that there is order in chaos, or put the other way around, chaotic dynamical systems in biology ar... |
3,039 | Combination drug therapy with vasopressin, adrenaline (epinephrine) and nitroglycerin improves vital organ blood flow in a porcine model of ventricular fibrillation. | There is increasing evidence that the combination of epinephrine (adrenaline) with vasopressin may be superior to either epinephrine or vasopressin alone for treatment of cardiac arrest. However, the optimal combination, and dosage of cardiovascular drugs to minimize side effects, and to improve outcome has yet to be f... |
3,040 | Transthoracic biphasic waveform defibrillation at very high and very low energies: a comparison with monophasic waveforms in an animal model of ventricular fibrillation. | The purpose of this study was to compare truncated exponential biphasic waveform versus truncated exponential monophasic waveform shocks for transthoracic defibrillation over a wide range of energies. Biphasic waveforms are more effective than monophasic shocks for defibrillation at energies of 150-200 Joules (J) but t... |
3,041 | Does veno-arterial bypass without an artificial lung improve the outcome in dogs undergoing cardiac arrest? | We hypothesized that maintaining circulation and blood pressure by veno-arterial bypass (V-A bypass) without oxygenation would improve cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) and survival rates. A total of 32 dogs, divided into four groups, were subjected to normothermic ventricular fibrillation (VF) for 15 min. The method... |
3,042 | Coronary revascularization: a procedure in transition from on-pump to off-pump? The role of glucose-insulin-potassium revisited in a randomized, placebo-controlled study. | To investigate an optimized glucose-insulin-potassium (GIK) solution regimen as an alternate myocardial protective strategy in off-pump coronary artery bypass graft (OP-CAB) surgery and as a supplement to conventional coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery using cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).</AbstractText>Prospect... |
3,043 | Implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy for life-threatening arrhythmias in young patients. | This study examined the indications, efficacy and outcomes of implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) use in the pediatric population.</AbstractText>ICDs are first-line therapy for adults resuscitated from sudden cardiac death (SCD) or at high risk for life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias. Use of ICDs in child... |
3,044 | Cardiac remodeling and atrial fibrillation in transgenic mice overexpressing junctin. | Junctin is a 26-kDa integral membrane protein, colocalized with the ryanodine receptor (RyR) and calsequestrin at the junctional sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR) membrane in cardiac and skeletal muscles. To elucidate the functional role of junctin in heart, transgenic (TG) mice overexpressing canine junctin (24-29 folds) un... |
3,045 | Protective effects of melatonin on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in vivo. | The production of oxygen free radicals has been strongly implicated as an important pathophysiological mechanism mediating myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury. Various antioxidants have cardioprotective effects. Melatonin, an indoleamine synthesized by the pineal gland, is a potent antioxidant and a direct fre... |
3,046 | Acute management of atrial fibrillation: Part I. Rate and rhythm control. | Atrial fibrillation is the arrhythmia most commonly encountered in family practice. Serious complications can include congestive heart failure, myocardial infarction, and thromboembolism. Initial treatment is directed at controlling the ventricular rate, most often with a calcium channel blocker, a beta blocker, or dig... |
3,047 | [Transient atrial fibrillation induced by adenosine in a patient with atrial tachycardia]. | The administration of adenosine during atrial tachycardia usually terminates the arrhythmia or induces AV block and makes the diagnosis clear. We present a patient with atrial tachycardia in which the administration of adenosine induced a transient atrial fibrillation (AF). A continuous transition between both arrhythm... |
3,048 | B-type natriuretic peptide in the diagnosis of cardiac disease in elderly day hospital patients. | heart failure is primarily a disease of elderly people. Current guidelines suggest all patients with suspected heart failure should undergo objective assessment, usually by echocardiography. In the UK resources are limited and not all patients have access to echocardiography. The electrocardiogram is widely used as a p... |
3,049 | Prolonged sustained ventricular fibrillation without loss of consciousness in patients supported by a left ventricular assist device. | Patients with cardiomyopathy of either ischemic or nonischemic origin are at increased risk for malignant ventricular arrhythmias. Normally sustained ventricular fibrillation (VF) leads to death very rapidly. We report two patients who remained in sustained VF, supported by a left ventricular assist device, for a prolo... |
3,050 | Assessment of the left atrial appendage mechanical function by three-dimensional echocardiography. | We evaluated the feasibility of three-dimensional echocardiography, in the assessment of left atrial appendage (LAA) function.</AbstractText>Forty-five patients underwent multiplane transoesophageal echocardiography. In addition to Doppler and two-dimensional echocardiography, data for three-dimensional echocardiograph... |
3,051 | [Focal atrial fibrillation. Clinical characteristic and results of radiofrequency ablation]. | Atrial fibrillation can originate in arrhythmogenic foci coming from the pulmonary veins. Patients with atrial fibrillation, initiated from triggering foci, can be treated with radiofrequency ablation.</AbstractText>To report the results of radiofrequency ablation in patients with focal atrial fibrillation.</AbstractTe... |
3,052 | Posterior pericardiotomy reduces the incidence of supra-ventricular arrhythmias and pericardial effusion after coronary artery bypass grafting. | The aim of this prospective study was to demonstrate the effectiveness of posterior pericardiotomy in reducing the incidence pericardial effusions and consequently reducing the related supraventricular tachyarrhythmias and development of delayed posterior cardiac effusions.</AbstractText>This prospective randomized stu... |
3,053 | Prevention of ventricular fibrillation by cilostazol, an oral phosphodiesterase inhibitor, in a patient with Brugada syndrome. | We report the case of 67-year-old man with Brugada syndrome, in whom daily episodes of ventricular fibrillation (VF) occurred every early morning for 4 days. The episodes of VF were completely prevented by an oral administration of cilostazol, a phosphodiesterase inhibitor. This effect was confirmed by the on-and-off c... |
3,054 | Successful defibrillation of a dental patient in cardiac arrest. | Cardiac arrest is a very rare event in a dental patient. However, practitioners have a duty of care to their patients if ever such an event occurs. The cardiac arrest discussed in this case report occurred in an elderly person with an implanted pacemaker whilst undergoing restorative dental treatment. Cardiac arrest wa... |
3,055 | Implantable defibrillator use for de novo ventricular tachyarrhythmias encountered after cardiac surgery. | De novo postoperative life-threatening ventricular arrhythmias are poorly understood. Long-term benefits of, and need for, treatment is uncertain. To assess the therapeutic advantage of ICD to manage new-onset, life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias after cardiac surgery. Patients included were those with an ICD... |
3,056 | [Management of lethal ventricular arrhythmias after cardiac surgery]. | Arrhythmias are commonly occur after cardiac surgery. Recurrent sustained ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation in the acute phase after cardiac surgery is the most lethal arrhythmia and may warrant acute intervention and aggressive treatment. Although class I agents are usually ineffective and exacerbat... |
3,057 | [Review of arrythmias related to acute myocardial infarction and its treatment]. | Because reperfusion therapy for AMI has been widely performed, complicated fatal ventricular arrythmias related to AMI has been dramatically decreased. However, there still remain the incidence of fetal arrhythmias such as ventricular fibrillation(VF), ventricular tachycardia(VT) at the early phase in occurrence of AMI... |
3,058 | [Heart failure]. | Survival of patients with heart failure has improved over the past decade due to advances in medical therapy. However, sudden cardiac death continues to cause 35 to 65% of death. Ventricular arrhythmias are important causes of sudden cardiac death in patients with heart failure. The risks of antiarrhythmic drugs are in... |
3,059 | [Preexcitation syndrome]. | Atrial fibrillation occurring in patients with Wolff-Parkinson-White(WPW) syndrome is a potentially life threatening arrhythmia because it lead to ventricular fibrillation which may be caused by a rapid ventricular response because of one or multiple accessory pathways with a very short anterograde refractory period. T... |
3,060 | [Ventricular fibrillation/tachycardia]. | Ventricular fibrillation and rapid ventricular tachycardia called as pulseless tachycardia are both fetal and need immediate therapy to respore sinus rhythm. Sustained monomorphic ventricular tachycardia is also known to have a poor prognosis. Diagnosis of these arrhythmias should be followed by electrophysiologic stud... |
3,061 | [Current status of surgery for the treatment of arrhythmia]. | The success of the radiofrequency catheter ablation procedure for most types of supraventricular and ventricular tachycardia largely eliminated the role of surgical therapy of arrhythmias. However, there remains a subset of arrhythmia patients in whom the catheter approach has not been successful and types of arrhythmi... |
3,062 | [Recent advances in radiofrequency catheter ablation]. | Radiofrequency catheter ablation has been established as a first-line treatment of various paroxysmal tachycardias, and its developments are still ongoing. As recent advances of radiofrequency catheter ablation, we can point out the following issues: 1) transaortic approach for idiopathic ventricular tachycardia(VT) of... |
3,063 | [Implantable cardioverter-defibrillator(ICD)]. | Implantable Cardioverter-defibrillator(ICD) has been accepted as an effective therapy for the patients with life-threatening ventricular tachyarrhythmias in our country. Especially, down sizing and further development(e.g. atrial sensing/pacing) of ICD generator allows us to consider the indication of the device in the... |
3,064 | [The trend of anti-arrhythmic drug development]. | New anti-arrhythmic drugs have been developed by the progress of molecular-biological and physiological research on an ion channel and the elucidation of pharmacological effects of traditional anti-arrhythmic drugs. After CAST study, K+ channel blockers instead of Na+ channel blockers were developed and used in anti-ar... |
3,065 | [Microvolt T wave alternans as a predictor for sudden cardiac death]. | The microvolt T wave alternans(MTWA) is a new promising method for identifying patients with lethal ventricular tachyarrhythmias. MTWA is dependent on heart rate, so that MTWA can be measured during exercise, pharmacological stress, or cardiac pacing to increase heart rate. For predicting sudden cardiac death after myo... |
3,066 | [Autonomic nervous system examinations]. | Autonomic nervous system plays a critical role in the regulation of cardiovascular system. We reviewed the autonomic nervous system examinations. Time and frequency domain analyses in heart rate variability is obtained from short- and long-term ECG and have predictive values of prognosis in various conditions of heart ... |
3,067 | Hypertension and arrhythmia: blood pressure control and beyond. | Arrhythmias are common problems in hypertensive patients. The presence and complexity of both supraventricular and ventricular arrhythmias may influence morbidity, mortality, as well as the quality of life of patients. Diastolic dysfunction of the left ventricle, left atrial size and function, and left ventricular hype... |
3,068 | Evolution of ventricular function during permanent pacing from either right ventricular apex or outflow tract following AV-junctional ablation for atrial fibrillation. | To compare acute and chronic ventricular function between patients, without cardiac failure, paced at either right ventricular apex or outflow tract.</AbstractText>Twenty patients. 10 paced apically and 10 in the outflow tract, underwent two radionuclide ventriculograms. Eight parameters of systolic or diastolic functi... |
3,069 | Age-related determinants of outcome after acute myocardial infarction: a dobutamine-atropine stress echocardiographic study. | To investigate the cause of worse survival in older patients after myocardial infarction (MI).</AbstractText>Prospective 18-month and longer follow-up study of a cohort of 167 patients (mean age +/- standard deviation 58 +/- 12, including 71 aged >or=65) with acute MI for cardiac events, defined as cardiac death, re... |
3,070 | [Use of implantable cardioverter defibrillators in the secondary prevention of malignant ventricular arrhythmias: lessons from large studies]. | The efficacy of implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) therapy and medical therapy in the treatment of patients with ventricular fibrillation and sustained ventricular tachycardia had been compared in large randomized studies. In this section, we aimed to summarize what we have learned from large studies on the e... |
3,071 | [Brugada syndrome or ARVD (arrhythmogenic right ventricular dysplasia) or both? Significance and value of right precordial ECG changes]. | We report about a 20-year old patient suffering cardiopulmonary resuscitation due to ventricular fibrillation. We diagnosed Brugada syndrome after exclusion structural heart disease and a positive Ajmalin test and implanted an ICD. In that there is a 20-30% familiar disposition, it was necessary that all family members... |
3,072 | Relationship between clinical and echocardiography-derived parameters and atrial activation as measured by the P-wave signal-averaged electrocardiogram. | P-wave signal averaging is used in an attempt to detect patients at risk of atrial arrhythmias, particularly atrial fibrillation. Although many studies utilized this method, data on the relationship between clinical and echocardiographic variables and signal averaged P-wave parameters are sparse. Thus, we performed a p... |
3,073 | Efficacy of antitachycardia pacing confirmed by stored electrograms. A retrospective analysis of 613 stored electrograms in implantable defibrillators. | The implantable defibrillator (ICD) is an established therapy in the prevention of sudden cardiac death by defibrillation of ventricular fibrillation. Another specific feature of the ICDs is antitachycardia pacing (ATP) of ventricular tachycardia. Several studies report success rates of ATP in 83 to 98% of cases. In cl... |
3,074 | Safety and feasibility of dobutamine and dipyridamole stress echocardiography in hypertensive patients. | To establish whether safety and feasibility of dobutamine and dipyridamole stress echocardiography are affected by history of hypertension.</AbstractText>Data on 2200 consecutive pharmacologic stress echocardiography (959 dobutamine and 1241 dipyridamole) performed between October 1990 and February 2001 at a single car... |
3,075 | Impact of age and sex on plasma natriuretic peptide levels in healthy adults. | Assays for natriuretic peptides have received considerable attention as potential screening tests for congestive heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction. However, information regarding the impact of age, sex, and other physiologic characteristics on natriuretic peptide levels is limited. We examined a healthy re... |
3,076 | A case of impairment of mitochondrial fatty acid beta-oxidation. | We describe a patient with impairment of mitochondrial fatty acid P-oxidation. A Japanese baby boy was delivered in the 38th week of gestation by emergency cesarean section due to fetal asphyxia. His birth weight was 1,985 g (<10th percentile), length 44.8 cm (<10th percentile), and head circumference 31.0 cm (10... |
3,077 | Aortic and mitral valve surgery on the beating heart is lowering cardiopulmonary bypass and aortic cross clamp time. | The concept of cardiac surgery on the beating heart is acceptable rationale for the cardiac surgery in the next millenium. Beating heart (off-pump) coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) techniques have led us to consider the possibility for performing the aortic and mitral valve surgery (mitral valve repairs and repla... |
3,078 | A novel SCN5A arrhythmia mutation, M1766L, with expression defect rescued by mexiletine. | Mutations in the cardiac sodium channel gene, SCN5A, cause congenital long QT syndrome (LQT3), Brugada syndrome, idiopathic ventricular fibrillation, and conduction disease by distinct cellular and clinical electrophysiological phenotypes.</AbstractText>Postmortem molecular analysis of SCN5A was conducted on an infant ... |
3,079 | Myocardial repolarization and drugs. Impossibility to predict the dominance of anti-arrhythmic over pro-arrhythmic effects of drugs due to differential and ventricular electrical remodeling. | It is known that application of anti-arrhythmic drugs for the acute treatment of arrhythmias can not only result in successful termination or prevention, but also can lead to unwanted pro-arrhythmic effects. On the basis of two arrhythmias, atrial fibrillation and Torsade de Pointes arrhythmias, we will highlight the r... |
3,080 | Cardiac arrhythmias in cardiothoracic surgery. | Most patients with cardiopulmonary disease are predisposed to develop perioperative arrhythmias with the individual patient risk depending upon the type of operative procedure performed, the risk profile of the patient, and the complexity of the post-operative course. There are several management options that may tend ... |
3,081 | Apex-to-base dispersion of refractoriness underlies the proarrhythmic effect of hypokalaemia/hypomagnesaemia in the rabbit heart. | Apex-to-base differences in the density of potassium currents have been recently described in isolated rabbit myocytes. The significance of those findings for arrhythmogenesis in the whole heart is not known. We aimed to examine electrophysiological effects of hypokalaemia/hypomagnesaemia in isolated working rabbit hea... |
3,082 | Optimization of transthoracic ventricular defibrillation-biphasic and triphasic shocks, waveform rounding, and synchronized shock delivery. | The aim of this study is to optimize the truncated exponential waveform for transthoracic ventricular defibrillation. Discharge of a capacitor gives a fast-rising waveform with a spike; rounding of the waveform slows the rate of rise and removes the spike. Defibrillation thresholds for electrically induced VF were dete... |
3,083 | QRS aberration during atrial fibrillation at rest and during exercise. Effect of a selective potassium channel blocking agent. | This study assesses the occurrence of and identifies clinical characteristics associated with the development of aberrant conduction during infusion of the I(kr)-blocker almokalant. Class III drugs may induce aberrant conduction by prolongation of cardiac repolarization, especially during atrial fibrillation (AF). Nine... |
3,084 | Conversion of recent-onset atrial fibrillation or flutter with ibutilide after amiodarone has failed. | To evaluate whether ibutilide can convert atrial fibrillation or flutter in patients in whom amiodarone has failed.</AbstractText>Clinical study in a university hospital intensive care unit (ICU).</AbstractText>Twenty-six patients were studied, in whom atrial fibrillation or flutter persisted for a maximum of 6 h at ma... |
3,085 | MC(3) receptors are involved in the protective effect of melanocortins in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion-induced arrhythmias. | Myocardial ischemia/reperfusion induces ventricular tachycardia (VT), ventricular fibrillation (VF) and a high degree of lethality. Since ACTH-(1-24) (adrenocorticotropin) protects against such injuries in rats, we investigated which melanocortin MC receptor is involved. Ischemia was produced in anesthetized rats by li... |
3,086 | Lower serum digoxin concentrations in heart failure and reassessment of laboratory report forms. | Serum digoxin concentrations (SDC) have been used clinically since the early 1970s. Whereas the therapeutic range for SDC is frequently cited as either 0.8 to 2.0 ng/mL or 0.5 to 2.0 ng/mL, studies over the past decade suggest an upper limit of 1.0 ng/mL for treating heart failure. The same upper limit for SDC is sugge... |
3,087 | Decompression-triggered positive-pressure ventilation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation improves pulmonary gas exchange and oxygen uptake. | Intermittent positive-pressure ventilation (IPPV) is the "gold standard" of ventilation during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR), but continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) is increasingly discussed as an alternative. This study investigated hemodynamics and pulmonary gas exchange applying CPAP enhanced with pres... |
3,088 | Adverse outcomes of interrupted precordial compression during automated defibrillation. | Current versions of automated external defibrillators (AEDs) require frequent stopping of chest compression for rhythm analyses and capacity charging. The present study was undertaken to evaluate the effects of these interruptions during the operation of AEDs.</AbstractText>Ventricular fibrillation was electrically ind... |
3,089 | Sustained ventricular arrhythmias among patients with acute coronary syndromes with no ST-segment elevation: incidence, predictors, and outcomes. | The prognosis of ventricular arrhythmias among patients with non-ST-elevation acute coronary syndromes is unknown. We studied the incidence, predictors, and outcomes of sustained ventricular arrhythmias in 4 large randomized trials of such patients.</AbstractText>We pooled the datasets of the Global Use of Streptokinas... |
3,090 | Preload-adjusted maximal power: a novel index of left ventricular contractility in atrial fibrillation. | Left ventricular contractility in atrial fibrillation is known to change in a beat to beat fashion, but there is no gold standard for contractility indices in atrial fibrillation, especially those measured non-invasively.</AbstractText>To determine whether the non-invasive index of contractility "preload-adjusted PWR(m... |
3,091 | Echocardiographic findings of patients with retinal ischemia or embolism. | A potential source of emboli is not detected in more than 50% of patients with retinal arterial occlusive events. Echocardiographic studies are not always included in the diagnostic workup of these patients. The authors studied the diagnostic yield of transthoracic (TTE) and/or transesophageal (TEE) echocardiography in... |
3,092 | Optimizing ambulatory ECG monitoring of T-wave alternans for arrhythmia risk assessment. | Considerable scientific data support the potential value of T-wave alternans (TWA) as an index of vulnerability to ventricular fibrillation. This chapter summarizes our state of knowledge regarding the use of routine ambulatory ECGs to evaluate TWA and discusses recent methodologic approaches designed to optimize AECG-... |
3,093 | Clinical value of T-wave alternans assessment. | Microvolt-level T-wave alternans (TWA) is a new arrhythmia risk marker to assess subtle changes in repolarization that has been introduced for arrhythmia risk stratification. Recent experimental studies have demonstrated that it reflects a heartrate dependent increased spatial dispersion of repolarization associated wi... |
3,094 | Remodeling of cardiac repolarization: mechanisms and implications of memory. | Memory is a well established property of biological organisms, allowing them to adapt to their environment and respond to novel stimuli. Sensitization occurs in response to a noxious stimulus, and increases the behavioral response to subsequent stimuli. In contrast, habituation occurs in response to an innocuous stimul... |
3,095 | Electrocardiogram of the failing heart. | In the failing heart general specific (e.g., Q-waves after acute myocardial infarction, persistent ST-elevations in post-myocardial infarction left ventricular aneurysm) and unspecific ECG changes (e.g., left bundle branch block, right bundle branch block, ST-T-alterations due to digitalis glycosides or antiarrhythmic ... |
3,096 | [Hospitalized congestive heart failure patients with preserved versus abnormal left ventricular systolic function]. | To compare the clinical characteristics of hospitalized patients with congestive heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction versus normal systolic function.</AbstractText>Clinical records of all admissions with a heart failure diagnostic code over a one-year period were reviewed retrospectively. Of 1,953 admissions... |
3,097 | Results of the Jostent coronary stent graft implantation in various clinical settings: procedural and follow-up results. | The Jostent coronary stent graft (CSG) is composed of a PTFE layer sandwiched between two stainless steel stents, initially introduced for the treatment of coronary perforations and aneurysms with excellent results. By providing a mechanical barrier, this stent design also may be beneficial in the treatment of complex ... |
3,098 | Antipsychotic-related QTc prolongation, torsade de pointes and sudden death. | Sudden unexpected deaths have been reported with antipsychotic use since the early 1960s. In some cases the antipsychotic may be unrelated to death, but in others it appears to be a causal factor. Antipsychotics can cause sudden death by several mechanisms, but particular interest has centred on torsade de pointes (TdP... |
3,099 | Amiodarone and rural emergency medical services cardiac arrest patients: a cost analysis. | Recent American Heart Association guidelines suggest amiodarone as an antiarrhythmic in refractory ventricular fibrillation (VF) and pulseless ventricular tachycardia (VT). The authors sought to assess the impact of amiodarone use on outcomes and cost associated with this practice in a rural emergency medical services ... |
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