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3,200
Indications for implantable cardioverter defibrillator therapy.
The implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) is now an integral therapy for cardiac patient care. More than 20 years have passed since the first ICD implant. Sudden cardiac death from arrhythmia (ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation) has been significantly decreased because of the use of ICD therapy. Primary tr...
3,201
Neurological outcome after experimental cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a result of delayed and potentially treatable neuronal injury?
In experimental cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) aortic balloon occlusion, vasopressin, and hypertonic saline dextran administration improve cerebral blood flow. Free radical scavenger alpha-phenyl-N-tert-butyl-nitrone (PBN) and cyclosporine-A (CsA) alleviate neuronal damage after global ischemia. Combining these tr...
3,202
Minimally invasive approach for redo mitral valve surgery: a true benefit for the patient.
Redo mitral valve surgery via sternotomy is associated with a substantial morbidity and mortality. This study evaluated a minimally invasive technique for mitral valve redo procedures.</AbstractText>Out of a series of 394 patients undergoing mitral valve repair or replacement via a right minithoracotomy, 39 patients un...
3,203
VDD pacing from the middle cardiac vein via a persistent left superior vena cava.
We report a combination of unusual features demonstrating a permanent pacemaker implantation of a single-pass VDD lead by way of an anomalous persistent left superior vena cava in the middle cardiac vein. The ventricular stimulation resembled a right bundle branch block QRS morphology and was successfully synchronized ...
3,204
Iodine-123-metaiodobenzylguanidine scintigraphy of total cardiac adrenergic denervation in Brugada syndrome.
A 22-year-old Japanese man with Brugada syndrome was resuscitated from cardiopulmonary arrest. In addition to the electrocardiographic evidence of the syndrome and the absence of apparent structural heart disease, no accumulation of iodine-123-metaiodobenzylguanidine (MIBG) was found anywhere throughout the heart. Thal...
3,205
Silent brain infarction in patients with rheumatic mitral stenosis.
Silent brain infarction (SBI) is defined as asymptomatic infarction areas detected in computerized tomography (CT) scans in patients without a history of stroke. The incidence of SBI is increased in CT or magnetic resonance imaging in patients with carotid stenosis and with atrial fibrillation (AF), but its relation wi...
3,206
[Stimulation of delta1-opioid receptors increases the ventricular fibrillation threshold in post-infarct cardiosclerosis: the role of K(ATP)-channels].
Preliminary administration of the delta 1-opioid receptor (delta 1-OR) selective peptide agonist DPDPE (0.1 mg/kg, i.v.) increased the ventricular fibrillation threshold (VFT) in postinfarction cardiosclerosis in rats. Pretreatment with the selective delta 1-OR antagonists ICI 174,864 (not affecting VFT) in a dose of 0...
3,207
[Echocardiography diagnosis of diastolic heart failure].
Left ventricular diastolic dysfunction can be diagnosed if clinical signs of heart failure and normal ejection fraction are found. Beside clinical signs of heart failure and criteria from catheterization studies like abnormal left ventricular relaxation, filling and/or compliance echocardiography provides valuable para...
3,208
[Relation between left atrial spontaneous echocontrast and pulmonary venous flow in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: implications for stratification of thromboembolic risk].
The links between pulmonary venous flow (PVF) and left atrial stasis have not been adequately defined in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation. In this setting, we aimed to study the relationship between PVF and the occurrence of left atrial spontaneous echocontrast (SEC) in order to evaluate its clinical relevance in the as...
3,209
Coronary vasospasm and aborted sudden death treated with an implantable defibrillator and stenting.
In selected patients suffering from variant angina, an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) and coronary stenting can be helpful to prevent sudden death and treat coronary artery spasm. We report a case of a 47-year-old woman suffering from variant angina, who experienced an episode of ventricular fibrillation ...
3,210
Management of the older person with atrial fibrillation.
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is associated with a higher incidence of mortality, stroke, and coronary events than is sinus rhythm. AF with a rapid ventricular rate may cause a tachycardia-related cardiomyopathy. Immediate direct-current (DC) cardioversion should be performed in patients with AF and acute myocardial infarct...
3,211
Pretreatment with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors attenuates ischemia-reperfusion injury.
The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) trial demonstrated that ischemic events are decreased in patients receiving angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors. This study sought to determine whether pretreatment with ACE inhibitors would attentuate ischemic injury during surgical revascularization of ischem...
3,212
Model of normothermic long-term cardiopulmonary bypass in swine weighing more than eighty kilograms.
Swine models have been used to study cardiovascular disease, cardiac physiology, and transplantation, and have been associated with problems, such as friability of certain organs, anesthesia difficulties, ventricular fibrillation, and edema. We describe a stable model of extended cardiopulmonary bypass (up to 22 h) in ...
3,213
Acute pulmonary edema in the emergency department: clinical and echocardiographic survey in an aged population.
This study is aimed at better defining the prevalence of left ventricular dysfunction, atrial fibrillation, and mitral regurgitation in aged patients with cardiogenic acute pulmonary edema.</AbstractText>One hundred and twenty-three consecutive patients with acute pulmonary edema (APE) arriving at the emergency departm...
3,214
Acute myocardial infarction with patent coronary artery after a long-distance flight--a case report.
Acute myocardial infarction is unusual in a young woman, especially with normal coronary arteriography. There are several mechanisms hypothesized, including coronary artery embolism, coronary spasm, illegal drug abuse and toxic condition. However, the etiology could be detected in only one third of these patients. Alth...
3,215
Protected carotid stenting: safety and efficacy of the MedNova NeuroShield filter.
Neuroprotection during carotid stenting has the potential to reduce procedural atheroembolic sequelae. We report the United Kingdom experience of NeuroShield (MedNova Ltd, Horsham, West Sussex, United Kingdom).</AbstractText>We performed a prospective cohort analysis of 50 consecutive patients (50 lesions) in a regiona...
3,216
Isolated annular dilation does not usually cause important functional mitral regurgitation: comparison between patients with lone atrial fibrillation and those with idiopathic or ischemic cardiomyopathy.
We sought to test whether isolated mitral annular (MA) dilation can cause important functional mitral regurgitation (MR).</AbstractText>Mitral annular dilation has been considered a primary cause of functional MR. Patients with functional MR, however, usually have both MA dilation and left ventricular (LV) dilation and...
3,217
Multisystem dystrophy syndrome due to novel missense mutations in the amino-terminal head and alpha-helical rod domains of the lamin A/C gene.
Mutations in different domains of the LMNA (lamin A/C) gene encoding nuclear envelope proteins lamin A and lamin C cause familial partial lipodystrophy (Dunnigan variety), dilated cardiomyopathy, and autosomal dominant forms of Emery-Dreifuss and limb-girdle muscular dystrophies. The objective of this study was to eval...
3,218
Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of implantable cardioverter defibrillators in the treatment of ventricular arrhythmias among medicare beneficiaries.
The implantable cardioverter defibrillator has been assessed in randomized trials, but the generalizability of trial results to broader clinical settings is unclear. Our purpose was to evaluate the outcomes and costs of defibrillator use in an unselected population.</AbstractText>We identified 125,892 Medicare patients...
3,219
Comparison of permanent left ventricular and biventricular pacing in patients with heart failure and chronic atrial fibrillation: prospective haemodynamic study.
To compare clinical and haemodynamic variables between left ventricular and biventricular pacing in patients with severe heart failure; and to analyse haemodynamic changes during daily life and maximum exercise during chronic left ventricular and biventricular pacing.</AbstractText>Prospective single blinded randomised...
3,220
Cardiac membrane fatty acid composition modulates myocardial oxygen consumption and postischemic recovery of contractile function.
Regular fish consumption is associated with low cardiovascular disease morbidity and mortality. Fish oils modify cardiac membrane phospholipid fatty acid composition with potent antiarrhythmic effects. We tested the effects of dietary fish oil on ventricular hemodynamics and myocardial oxygen consumption (MVO2).</Abstr...
3,221
Effects of interrupting precordial compressions on the calculated probability of defibrillation success during out-of-hospital cardiac arrest.
Cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) creates artifacts on the ECG and, with automated defibrillators, a pause in CPR is mandatory during rhythm analysis. The rate of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) is reduced with increased duration of this hands-off interval in rats. We analyzed whether similar hands-off inter...
3,222
Simultaneous sterno-thoracic cardiopulmonary resuscitation improves short-term survival rate in canine cardiac arrests.
We have reported previously that simultaneous sterno-thoracic cardiopulmonary resuscitation (SST-CPR) using a device that compresses the sternum and constricts the thorax circumferentially during a compression systole that can be achieved using standard cardiopulmonary resuscitation (STD-CPR). This study was designed t...
3,223
Resuscitation from cardiac arrest with adrenaline/epinephrine or vasopressin: effects on intestinal mucosal tonometer pCO(2) during the postresuscitation period in rats.
The use of vasopressin instead of adrenaline/epinephrine during resuscitation improves vital organ perfusion, but the effects on mesenteric perfusion following successful resuscitation are not fully evaluated. The present study was designed to compare the effects of vasopressin and adrenaline/epinephrine, given to rats...
3,224
Characteristics and outcome among patients suffering from in hospital cardiac arrest in relation to whether the arrest took place during office hours.
To describe the characteristics and outcome among patients suffering from in hospital cardiac arrest in relation to whether the arrest took place during office hours.</AbstractText>All patients suffering in hospital cardiac arrest in Sahlgrenska University hospital in G&#xf6;teborg, Sweden between 1994 and 1999 in whom...
3,225
Atrial natriuretic peptide level after cardioversion of chronic atrial fibrillation.
Heart endocrine studies concerning patients with chronic atrial fibrillation (AF) have become increasingly important. Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) is released from atrial myocytes. The increased level of ANP in patients with AF is probably caused by the hemodynamic effect of the arrhythmia. The aim of this study wa...
3,226
Implantable cardioverter defibrillator implantation rates in the Olmsted County, Minnesota, population: 1989-1999.
Although the efficacy of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) has been demonstrated in randomized clinical trials, implantation and survival rates have not been reported for a defined population. We performed a retrospective cohort analysis of Olmsted County, Minnesota residents (n = 70) who received their fi...
3,227
Effects of epinephrine and vasopressin in a piglet model of prolonged ventricular fibrillation and cardiopulmonary resuscitation.
We recently demonstrated that vasopressin alone resulted in a poorer outcome in a pediatric porcine model of asphyxial cardiac arrest when compared with epinephrine alone or with epinephrine plus vasopressin in combination. Accordingly, this study was designed to differentiate whether the inferior effects of vasopressi...
3,228
Relationship between late potentials and myocardial viability assessed by dobutamine echocardiography in the early postinfarction period.
In the postmyocardial infarction period, late potentials (LPs) are a sensitive marker for the occurrence of sustained ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation. The relationship between positive signal-averaged electrocardiogram (SAECG) and myocardial viability remains controversial. The aim of the present s...
3,229
Cardioprotective effect of ischemic preconditioning is preserved in food-restricted senescent rats.
Ischemic preconditioning (PC) has been proposed as an endogenous form of protection against-ischemia reperfusion injury. We have shown that PC does not prevent postischemic dysfunction in the aging heart. This phenomenon could be due to the reduction of cardiac norepinephrine release, and it has also been previously de...
3,230
Effects of left ventricular systolic dysfunction on left atrial appendage and left atrial functions in patients with chronic nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.
It has been claimed that left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction impairs left atrial (LA) and left atrial appendage (LAA) functions. In this study, we compared the LA and LAA function parameters in patients with chronic nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF) with and without LV systolic dysfunction.</AbstractText>The ...
3,231
Cardioprotective effects of chronic hypoxia and ischaemic preconditioning are not additive.
The objective of the work was to examine whether adaptation to intermittent high altitude hypoxia and ischaemic preconditioning provide additive protection of the heart against subsequent acute ischaemic injury. Adult male rats were exposed to hypoxia (7000 m, 8 h/day, 24-30 exposures) in a hypobaric chamber. Susceptib...
3,232
In-vivo measurement of swine myocardial resistivity.
We used a four-terminal plunge probe to measure myocardial resistivity in two directions at three sites from the epicardial surface of eight open-chest pigs in-vivo at eight frequencies ranging from 1 Hz to 1 MHz. We calibrated the plunge probe to minimize the error due to stray capacitance between the measured subject...
3,233
[Sudden death. Role of the electrophysiologic study].
At present, sudden death is considered a major health problem, DeBoer in 1935, recognized the clinical importance of ventricular fibrillation as the cause of sudden cardiac death. Sudden death due to cardiovascular problems has been established as one of the main causes of death in the developed countries and in develo...
3,234
The role of approximate entropy in predicting ventricular defibrillation threshold.
The role of myocardial tissue mass on ventricular defibrillation threshold (DFT) is unclear. We hypothesized that changes in tissue mass modulate DFT by changing ventricular fibrillation (VF) wavefront regularity (entropy).</AbstractText>The right ventricles (RV) of seven farm pigs were isolated, superfused and perfuse...
3,235
Torsade de pointes and sudden death induced by thiopental and isoflurane anesthesia in dogs with cardiac electrical remodeling.
Many anesthetic agents are known to have cardiac effects. The effects of pentobarbital, thiopental and isoflurane on dogs with electrical remodeling are lacking.</AbstractText>We studied 12 dogs that underwent two anesthesias. First, anesthesia was induced (N=12) with intravenous thiopental (17 mg/kg) induction followe...
3,236
Case report: fibroelastoma of the papillary muscle of the mitral valve: diagnostic implications and review of the literature.
A 77-year-old woman was found accidentally to be in atrial fibrillation. Two-dimensional echocardiography revealed the presence of a mass attached to the anterior papillary muscle of the mitral valve. She was mildly symptomatic for dyspnea and asthenia. The patient was successfully operated on to excise the left ventri...
3,237
Relationship between resting parameters of the mitral valve and exercise capacity in patients with mitral stenosis: can the diastolic filling period predict exercise capacity?
In order to provide patients with better exercise capacity, interventional therapy to the mitral valve is often carried out in mitral stenosis (MS). Hence, it is crucial to determine exercise capacity before deciding on the time of intervention. The study aim was to demonstrate whether resting parameters of the mitral ...
3,238
Neurohormones in mitral stenosis before and after percutaneous balloon mitral valvotomy.
The hormonal response to percutaneous balloon mitral valvotomy (PBMV) has been described in patients in sinus rhythm (SR) and with atrial fibrillation (AF). The study aim was to evaluate the effect of hemodynamic parameters and PBMV on atrial natriuretic factor (ANF) secretion and plasma renin activity (PRA) in mitral ...
3,239
Eight-year experience of combined valve repair for mitral regurgitation and maze procedure.
Although atrial fibrillation (AF) is often associated with severe mitral regurgitation (MR), a simultaneous maze procedure for AF associated with repair of MR remains controversial. In this study, mid-term results of combined mitral valve repair and the maze procedure were examined.</AbstractText>Between May 1992 and A...
3,240
Preoperative factors predisposing to early postoperative atrial fibrillation after isolated coronary artery bypass grafting.
An analysis of 183 patients in sinus rhythm who underwent coronary artery bypass grafting was conducted to determine the association of multiple preoperative factors, including an elevated left ventricular end-diastolic pressure, with early postoperative atrial fibrillation. An association with advanced age, a history ...
3,241
Comparison of event rates and survival in patients with unexplained syncope without documented ventricular tachyarrhythmias versus patients with documented sustained ventricular tachyarrhythmias both treated with implantable cardioverter-defibrillators.
Patients with unexplained syncope and inducible ventricular tachyarrhythmias during electrophysiologic testing have an increased cardiac mortality rate. We compared event rates and survival of 178 patients with unexplained syncope and no documented ventricular arrhythmias (syncope group) versus 568 patients with docume...
3,242
Left atrial thrombus causing pulmonary embolism by passing through an atrial septal defect.<Pagination><StartPage>109</StartPage><EndPage>110</EndPage><MedlinePgn>109-10</MedlinePgn></Pagination><Abstract><AbstractText>A 66-year-old woman admitted with dyspnea on exertion had atrial fibrillation and left ventricular dy...
A 66-year-old woman admitted with dyspnea on exertion had atrial fibrillation and left ventricular dysfunction. Echocardiography revealed an atrial septal defect (ASD) and a soft, easily deformable thrombus in the dilated left atrium. The atrial mass suddenly disappeared on the 10th day after admission, and contrast-en...
3,243
[Stress cine MRI for detection of coronary artery disease].
Stress testing is the cornerstone in the diagnosis of patients with suspected coronary artery disease (CAD). Stress echocardiography has become a well-established modality for the detection of ischemia-induced wall motion abnormalities. However, display and reliable interpretation of stress echocardiography studies are...
3,244
Atrial fibrillation recurrence after internal cardioversion: prognostic importance of electrophysiological parameters.
To evaluate the clinical and electrophysiological determinants of arrhythmia recurrence in patients undergoing internal atrial cardioversion for chronic atrial fibrillation (AF).</AbstractText>Tertiary cardiac referral centre.</AbstractText>101 consecutive patients with failed external cardioversion or AF &gt; or = 1 y...
3,245
Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators in arrhythmias: a rapid and systematic review of effectiveness.
To review the effectiveness of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) in the management of risk factors for sudden cardiac death.</AbstractText>Systematic review of randomised controlled trials identified from searching eight electronic databases, bibliographies of relevant studies, and consulting experts.</Abs...
3,246
Vasopressin in cardiovascular patients: therapeutic implications.
Vasopressin is a vital homeostatic protein which regulates fluid balance via its antidiuretic effects and vascular tone via its vasoconstrictive effects. Endogenous vasopressin deficiency has been implicated in several disease states resulting in vasodilatory shock. In particular, vasopressin levels are low in patients...
3,247
Simple surgical isolation of pulmonary veins for treating secondary atrial fibrillation in mitral valve disease.
Chronic atrial fibrillation (AF) due to mitral valve disease has been successfully treated by surgery. We performed a study to evaluate the effectiveness of a surgical method of simple pulmonary vein isolation (PVI) without radiofrequency or cryoablation in the restoration of sinus rhythm in a group of patients.</Abstr...
3,248
Ventricular assist device support for management of sustained ventricular arrhythmias.
We describe herein the cases of 2 patients who had ventricular arrhythmias. In one, a short-term biventricular assist device, the ABIOMED BVS 5000, was placed because the patient had sustained ventricular tachycardia and could not be weaned from cardiopulmonary bypass. Excellent hemodynamic support was maintained for s...
3,249
[The use of arginine vasopressin during cardiopulmonary resuscitation. An analysis of experimental and clinical experience and a view of the future].
The risks and benefits of epinephrine given during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) are controversially discussed. Animal experiments revealed beta-receptor-mediated adverse effects of epinephrine such as increased myocardial oxygen consumption, ventricular arrhythmia, ventilation-perfusion defects, and cardiac fail...
3,250
Echocardiographic findings in a contemporary Afro-Caribbean population referred for evaluation of atrial fibrillation or flutter.
Atrial fibrillation and/or flutter is the most common and the most significant cardiac arrhythmia in the Caribbean. This study is an attempt to determine the echocardiographic findings in a current, consecutive series of Afro-Caribbean patients referred for evaluation of atrial fibrillation and flutter. Between May 199...
3,251
Dual site right atrial pacing in the prevention of symptomatic atrial fibrillation refractory to drug therapy and unrelated to sinus bradycardia.
Dual-site right atrial pacing has been shown recently to prevent atrial fibrillation relapses in patients affected by drug-refractory, highly-recurring tachyarrhythmia, associated to sinus bradycardia. The aim of our study was to verify whether this stimulation modality could be useful in patients affected by refractor...
3,252
Brugada syndrome: a case report of an unusual association with vasospastic angina and coronary myocardial bridging.
This report describes a case of an unusual association between vasospastic angina, coronary myocardial bridging, and Brugada syndrome. The patient complained of chest pain followed by rhythmic palpitation and syncope. Brugada syndrome ECG markers were documented with transient ST-segment elevation in lateral leads. A c...
3,253
Intoxication with taxus baccata: cardiac arrhythmias following yew leaves ingestion.
The use of yew leaves (Taxus Baccata) as a means of deliberate self-harm is infrequent. The potent effect of the toxin is primarily cardiac and results in rhythm alterations and ultimately ventricular fibrillation. As there is no known antidote, and classic antiarrhythmic therapy proves to be ineffective, a prompt diag...
3,254
Adenosine induced ventricular fibrillation in Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome.
VF was observed in four patients (group A) with preexcited AF presenting to the emergency department who had been given 12 mg of adenosine. These patients were resuscitated and underwent electrophysiological study and catheter ablation of the accessory pathway (AP). In a control (group B) of five patients with manifest...
3,255
Site of the arrhythmogenic focus and cardiac vulnerability to ventricular fibrillation.
The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that a subendocardial arrhythmogenic focus makes the heart more susceptible to VF due to electrical interaction with the Purkinje network. Monofocal ventricular tachycardia (mVT) was created by injecting 5-microg aconitine into the left ventricular subepicardium (EPI-mVT...
3,256
Clinical predictors of defibrillation thresholds with an active pectoral pulse generator lead system.
Active pectoral pulse generators are used routinely for initial ICD placement because they reduce DFTs and simplify the implantation procedure. Despite the common use of these systems, little is known regarding the clinical predictors of defibrillation efficacy with active pulse generator lead configurations. Such pred...
3,257
Transient proarrhythmic state following atrioventricular junctional radiofrequency ablation.
This study was designed to prospectively assess ventricular de- and repolarization by the QRS, QT, and JT intervals, and their dispersion in the 12-lead ECG during right ventricular pacing at 60, 70, and 80 beats/min during the first month after AV junctional RF ablation. Previous reports have found early polymorphic v...
3,258
Rapid pacing results in changes in atrial but not in ventricular refractoriness.
It is well known that atrial tachycardia causes atrial electrical remodeling, characterized by shortening of atrial effective refractory periods (AERPs) and loss of physiological adaptation of AERP to rate. However, the nature and time course of changes in ventricular effective refractory periods (VERP) caused by rapid...
3,259
High survival in out-of-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation--7 years' incidence according to the Utstein template in a small town in Northern Norway.
Core data according to the Utstein template was compiled from all out-of-hospital resuscitations in the city of Bod&#xf8;, Northern Norway, over 7 years (1992-98). Out of a population of 34,500, 149 resuscitations were attempted. A cardiac aetiology was present in 123 patients and their median age was 72.1 years. Eight...
3,260
Predictors of appropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator therapy in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.
Evaluating predictors of appropriate implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) therapy in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDC) may be helpful in developing risk stratification strategies for these patients. Fifty-four patients with IDC underwent ICD implantation and were followed up. Twenty-three pa...
3,261
[Successful RF ablation in a patient with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation induces by atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia].
We describe a case of 47-year old patient with frequent episodes of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) with fast ventricular rate. During electrophysiological study an atrioventricular nodal reentrant tachycardia (AVNRT) was diagnosed with rapid degeneration into atrial fibrillation. Successful RF ablation of slow pa...
3,262
Percutaneous aortic valve replacement: an experimental study. I. Studies on implantation.
The purpose of this preliminary study was to devise a new surgical procedure for minimally invasive aortic valve implantation with a transluminal technique.</AbstractText>The new collapsible heart valve was prepared by mounting a porcine aortic valve, taken from a freshly slaughtered pig, into a self-expandable nitinol...
3,263
Doppler echocardiographic assessment of left ventricular filling pressures in elderly patients with moderate/severe aortic stenosis.
Doppler-derived mitral inflow indices reflect left ventricular (LV) filling pressures but often vary with age. Diastolic filling is impaired in LV pressure overload states. The objective of this study was to determine the influence of age on the relationship between mitral inflow indices and LV filling pressures in pat...
3,264
Reduced risk of sudden death from chest wall blows (commotio cordis) with safety baseballs.
In an experimental model of sudden death from baseball chest wall impact (commotio cordis), we sought to determine if sudden death by baseball impact could be reduced with safety baseballs.</AbstractText>Sudden cardiac death can occur after chest wall impact with a baseball (commotio cordis). Whether softer-than-standa...
3,265
Clinical value of left atrial appendage flow for prediction of long-term sinus rhythm maintenance in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation.
This study evaluated the role of various clinical and echocardiographic parameters, including the left atrial appendage (LAA) anterograde flow velocity, for prediction of the long-term preservation of sinus rhythm (SR) in patients with successful cardioversion (CV) of nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF).</AbstractText...
3,266
The renin-angiotensin system does not contribute to the endothelial dysfunction and increased infarct size in rats exposed to second hand smoke.
Both second hand smoke (SHS) and the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) contribute to endothelial dysfunction and increased infarct size in a rat ischaemia-reperfusion model. However, the potential interaction between SHS and the RAS is unknown.</AbstractText>Eighty-four rats were randomised into four groups: group C was a...
3,267
Biventricular pacing in patients with ICD: how many patients are possible candidates?
About 80 % of patients receiving an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) due to life-threatening episodes of ventricular tachycardia (VT) or ventricular fibrillation (VF) have structural heart disease. ICD implantation reduces the risk of sudden cardiac death to less than 2 %. However, the major obstacle in the...
3,268
Usefulness of reperfusion ventricular arrhythmias in non-invasive prediction of early reperfusion and sustained coronary artery patency in acute myocardial infarction.
Established tenets of occurrence of reperfusion ventricular arrhythmias in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) do not provide insight into the timing of achieving reperfusion or whether coronary artery patency is sustained. We assessed the significance of ventricular arrhythmias in the non-invasive prediction of timely r...
3,269
Efficacy and temporal stability of reduced safety margins for ventricular defibrillation: primary results from the Low Energy Safety Study (LESS).
Traditionally, a safety margin of at least 10 J between the maximum output of the pulse generator and the energy needed for ventricular defibrillation has been used because lower safety margins were associated with unacceptably high rates of failed defibrillation and sudden cardiac death. The Low Energy Safety Study (L...
3,270
[Cardiac arrhythmia in cardiac embolism].
To study cardiac arrhythmia in patients with cardiocerebral embolism, we examined 330 patients with ischemic stroke using ECG and Holter monitoring. 33 patients were control. Group 1 consisted of 104(31.5%) patients with cardioembolic stroke, group 2--of 226(68.5%) patients with other pathogenetic stroke subtypes. Numb...
3,271
Effect of acute atrial fibrillation on phasic coronary blood flow pattern and flow reserve in humans.
To assess the effect of experimentally induced atrial fibrillation on coronary flow in humans.</AbstractText>In 16 patients (10 men, mean age 43+/-13 years) with normal coronary vessels, baseline and hyperaemic blood pressure and Doppler phasic coronary flow velocity were measured, using a 0.014 inch intracoronary Dopp...
3,272
[Biventricular pacing using two pacemakers and triggered VVT mode in patients with atrial fibrillation and congestive heart failure: a case report].
A 76-year-old female had undergone implantation of a single chamber pacemaker for sick sinus syndrome 20 years previously. She developed chronic atrial fibrillation and required repeated admission due to congestive heart failure. She had significant mitral and tricuspid regurgitation. Paradoxical movement of the intrav...
3,273
Grape seed proanthocyanidins improved cardiac recovery during reperfusion after ischemia in isolated rat hearts.
Increasing evidence shows that red wine consumption has cardioprotective effects. These effects have been attributed to the polyphenolic compounds in grapes.</AbstractText>We studied the effects of red grape seed proanthocyanidins on the recovery of postischemic function in isolated rat hearts.</AbstractText>Two groups...
3,274
[Genetics and arrhythmias].
In the last 50 years we have been very successful at prolonging survival and improving the quality of life of patients with cardiac disease. The innovations in technology and pharmacology, better preventive and diagnostic tools have provided tremendous breakthroughs. However, despite our best efforts, the majority of c...
3,275
Atrial fibrillation.
The prevalence and incidence of atrial fibrillation increase with age. Atrial fibrillation is associated with a higher incidence of coronary events, stroke, and mortality than sinus rhythm. A fast ventricular rate associated with atrial fibrillation may cause tachycardia-related cardiomyopathy. Management of atrial fib...
3,276
Slowed conduction and ventricular tachycardia after targeted disruption of the cardiac sodium channel gene Scn5a.
Voltage-gated sodium channels drive the initial depolarization phase of the cardiac action potential and therefore critically determine conduction of excitation through the heart. In patients, deletions or loss-of-function mutations of the cardiac sodium channel gene, SCN5A, have been associated with a wide range of ar...
3,277
Cocaine/heroin induced rhabdomyolysis and ventricular fibrillation.
A case of cardiorespiratory arrest in a 28 year old man after cocaine and heroin ingestion is described. The arrest is attributed primarily to hyperkalaemia/rhabdomyolysis-a recognised consequence of each of these drugs. The administration of naloxone may have been contributory. He developed acute renal failure, dissem...
3,278
[Analysis of ECG in ventricular fibrillation in man and animals based on chaos theory].
The methods of the chaos theory were used to estimate the degree of irregularity of ventricular fibrillation in human and experimental animals. To verify the hypothesis that the degree of chaos depends on the species of the living organisms, the parameters characterizing the degrees of irregularity of ventricular fibri...
3,279
Ventricular fibrillation caused by electrocoagulation during laparoscopic surgery.
A 35-year-old man with morbid obesity was admitted to our hospital to undergo gastric banding gastroplasty by the laparoscopic approach. Aside from his morbid adiposity, with a body mass index (BMI) of 49.9 kg/m2, the patient was healthy. During the procedure, he developed ventricular fibrillation (VF) while a diatherm...
3,280
Electrocardiographic alterations in patients hospitalized with leptospirosis in the Brazilian city of Salvador.
To report the frequency and types of electrocardiographic alterations in patients with leptospirosis in the first 24 hours of hospitalization.</AbstractText>We analyzed the electrocardiograms of 157 patients admitted to the Hospital Couto Maia in the city of Salvador, in the State of Bahia, Brazil, from March 1998 to J...
3,281
[Evaluation of infrequent episodes of palpitations with a patient-activated hand-held electrocardiograph].
The disadvantage of most devices presently available for cardiac rhythm event monitoring is that they require either permanently attached electrodes or the subcutaneous implantation of the device. The aim of the study was to evaluate the feasibility and diagnostic yield of a hand-held, portable electrocardiograph for t...
3,282
A stochastic nonlinear autoregressive algorithm reflects nonlinear dynamics of heart-rate fluctuations.
Current methods for detecting nonlinear determinism in a time series require long and stationary data records, as most of them assume that the observed dynamics arise only from the internal, deterministic workings of the system, and the stochastic portion of the signal (the noise component) is assumed to be negligible....
3,283
Intelligent multichannel stimulator for the study of cardiac arrhythmias.
An intelligent multichannel stimulator (IMS) has been designed and built for use in a cardiac research environment. The device is capable of measuring and responding to cardiac electrophysiological phenomena in real time with carefully timed and placed electrical stimuli. The system consists of 16 channels of sense/sti...
3,284
Enhancement of glutathione cardioprotection by ascorbic acid in myocardial reperfusion injury.
The present experiment determined the effects of glutathione and ascorbic acid, the two most important hydrophilic antioxidants, on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury and evaluated their relative therapeutic values. Isolated rat hearts were subjected to ischemia (30 min) and reperfusion (120 min) and treated with a...
3,285
Genetic analysis of Brugada syndrome in Israel: two novel mutations and possible genetic heterogeneity.
Idiopathic ventricular fibrillation in patients with an electrocardiogram (ECG) pattern of right bundle branch block and ST-segment elevation in leads V1 to V3 (now frequently called Brugada syndrome) is associated with a high incidence of syncopal episodes or sudden death. The disease is inherited as an autosomal domi...
3,286
NCX4016 (NO-aspirin) reduces infarct size and suppresses arrhythmias following myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion in pigs.
1. The effect of the nitro-derivative of aspirin, NCX4016, was assessed on ischaemic ventricular arrhythmias and myocardial infarct size in anaesthetized pigs in comparison to native aspirin. 2. Pigs were given aspirin (10 mg kg(-1); n=6), low dose NCX4016 (18.4 mg kg(-1); n=6) or high dose NCX4016 (60 mg kg(-1); n=7) ...
3,287
Action potential duration restitution and ventricular fibrillation due to rapid focal excitation.
The focal source hypothesis of ventricular fibrillation (VF) posits that rapid activation from a focal source, rather than action potential duration (APD) restitution properties, is responsible for the maintenance of VF. We injected aconitine (100 microg) into normal isolated perfused swine right ventricles (RVs) stain...
3,288
Sildenafil-nitric oxide donor combination promotes ventricular tachyarrhythmias in the swine right ventricle.
We tested the hypothesis that sildenafil, singly or in combination with nitric oxide (NO) donors, promotes ventricular tachycardia (VT) and ventricular fibrillation (VF). Vulnerability to VT/VF was tested by rapid pacing in eight isolated normal swine right ventricles (RV). The endocardial activation was optically mapp...
3,289
Angiotensin II subtype 1 (AT1) receptors contribute to ischemic contracture and regulate chemomechanical energy transduction in isolated transgenic rat (alphaMHC-hAT1)594-17 hearts.
The role of AT1 receptors in myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury is unclear. We, therefore, investigated the effects of the AT1 receptor antagonist irbesartan (Irb) in isolated hearts of selective myocardial AT1 overexpressing transgenic [transgenic(alphaMHC-hAT1)594-17] and Sprague-Dawley rats (SD) subjected to isc...
3,290
Sudden death in patients with implantable cardioverter defibrillators: the importance of post-shock electromechanical dissociation.
The purpose of this study was to determine the mechanisms of sudden death (SD) in patients with ventricular tachyarrhythmias (ventricular tachycardia/ventricular fibrillation [VT/VF]) treated with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD).</AbstractText>Despite ICD therapy, some patients with VT/VF still die sudd...
3,291
Cardiac resynchronization in patients with congestive heart failure and chronic atrial fibrillation: effect of upgrading to biventricular pacing after chronic right ventricular pacing.
This study assessed the effects of biventricular pacing (BVP) on ventricular function, functional status, quality of life and hospitalization in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF), prior atrioventricular (AV) junction ablation and right ventricular (RV) pacing performed for chronic atrial fibrillation (AF).</...
3,292
Cardioprotective effect of mexiletine in acute myocardial ischemia tudies in the rabbit closed chest ischemia mode.
ATP-sensitive K+ (KATP) channel openers have a cardioprotective effect and so mexiletine (Mex), a class Ib anti-arrhythmic drug, may also be cardioprotective because of its KATP channel-opening effect. The present study examined the effect of Mex on acute myocardial ischemia in a closed-chest acute ischemia and reperfu...
3,293
Expanding automatic external defibrillators to include automated detection of cardiac, respiratory, and cardiorespiratory arrest.
The new Guidelines of the American Heart Association state that lay rescuers can no longer rely on the manual pulse check to confirm cardiac arrest in an unresponsive patient. We were therefore prompted to develop a method for automated determination of the presence or absence of cardiac contraction and breathing. The ...
3,294
Arginine vasopressin during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: laboratory evidence, clinical experience and recommendations, and a view to the future.
When stimulating adult pigs with ventricular fibrillation or postcountershock pulseless electrical activity for cardiopulmonary resuscitation, vasopressin improved vital organ blood flow, cerebral oxygen delivery, ability to be resuscitated, and neurologic recovery better than epinephrine. In pediatric preparations wit...
3,295
Pharmacologic defibrillation.
Ventricular fibrillation (VF) is generally sustained. The mechanism is, at least in part, caused by progressive accumulation of intracellular sodium and calcium ions during untreated ventricular fibrillation, which subsequently increases defibrillation threshold. Cariporide, a potent and specific inhibitor of the sodiu...
3,296
Benefits of resveratrol in women's health.
Resveratrol and trans-resveratrol are powerful phytoestrogens, present in the skins of grapes and other plant foods and wine, which demonstrate a broad spectrum of pharmacological and therapeutic health benefits. Phytoestrogens are naturally occurring plant-derived nonsteroidal compounds that are functionally and struc...
3,297
Prognostic value of low-dose dobutamine echocardiography in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy.
Dobutamine echocardiography is widely used for the evaluation of myocardial contractile reserve. The purpose of the study was to determine the prognostic value of low-dose dobutamine echocardiography in patients with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy (IDCM).</AbstractText>The study group consisted of 77 consecutive pat...
3,298
Amiodarone used in successful resuscitation after near-fatal flecainide overdose.
We report the case of a 45-year-old woman who had ingested 2000 mg of flecainide with suicidal intent. She developed therapy-resistant ventricular fibrillation (VF) with cardiopulmonary arrest. Cardiopulmonary resuscitation and advanced life support were sustained for 64 min. Following intravenous amiodarone, the patie...
3,299
Predicting the success of defibrillation by electrocardiographic analysis.
We investigated an electrocardiographic signal analysis technique for predicting whether an electrical shock would reverse ventricular fibrillation (VF) in an effort to minimize the damaging effects of repetitive shocks during CPR.</AbstractText>An established model of CPR was utilized. VF was electrically induced in a...