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3,400 | Brugada syndrome in a patient with accessory pathway. | Brugada syndrome in a patient with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. We report a 32-year-old man with orthodromic atrioventricular (AV) reciprocating tachycardia using a right posterior accessory pathway. However, his ECG showed ST segment elevation in leads V1 to V3. After successful radiofrequency ablation of his acces... |
3,401 | Programmed ventricular stimulation: influence of early versus late introduction of a third extrastimulus, a randomized, prospective study. | The aim of this prospective study was to analyze the yield of early vs late introduction of a third extra-stimulus during programmed ventricular stimulation.</AbstractText>Two randomized protocols of programmed ventricular stimulation were used in 94 consecutive patients with coronary artery disease who were studied be... |
3,402 | Catheter ablation using very high frequency current: effects on the atrioventricular junction and ventricular myocardium in sheep. | Radiofrequency ablation is currently used in the treatment of various cardiac arrhythmias. However, this technique is limited by impedance rise, leading to coagulum formation and desiccation of tissue. We developed a new generator, providing very high frequency (27 MHz) current, which is in the intermediate range betwe... |
3,403 | Modification of the radial procedure in a patient with partial atrioventricular septal defect. | We successfully cured atrial fibrillation while preserving internodal conduction in a patient with a partial atrioventricular septal defect. Because the anterior and middle internodal tracts are interrupted by the defect, the lower right atrial incision of either the maze or the radial procedure may interrupt the remai... |
3,404 | [Chronic simultaneous stimulation of both ventricles, a new treatment option for severe congestive heart failure]. | Dilated congestive heart failure due to systolic left ventricle dysfunction frequently leads to intraventricular conduction disturbances with a prolonged QRS complex (> 120 ms). The prolonged conduction time in the ventricles causes electrical asynchrony of the ventricles and contributes to a further reduction of sy... |
3,405 | Postextrasystolic repolarization abnormalities in ST-U segment in patients with ventricular arrhythmias. | Changes in U-wave amplitude after premature ventricular contractions (PVC) are known as prognostic markers in the long QT syndrome dependent on bradycardia. The purpose of the study was to find correlation between postextrasystolic ST-U segment changes and a history of sustained ventricular tachycardia or ventricular f... |
3,406 | Use of an insertable loop recorder in a myotonic dystrophy patient. | The case of a 66-year-old woman with myotonic dystrophy is presented. This patient underwent implantation of an insertable loop recorder as a participant in a clinical trial. At 1-month follow-up, interrogation of the insertable loop recorder revealed multiple episodes of wide complex tachycardia. She underwent electro... |
3,407 | Mind the model: effect of instrumentation on inducibility of atrial fibrillation in a sheep model. | Atrial electrical remodeling, shortening of the atrial effective refractory period (AERP) underlying atrial fibrillation (AF) has been described in different animal models. However, there remains some controversy regarding the time course of this electrical remodeling and the need for secondary factors in the developme... |
3,408 | Implantable cardioverter defibrillator utilization based on discharge diagnoses from Medicare and managed care patients. | Implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) have become an accepted therapy for patients at high risk of sudden cardiac death. To assess the current utilization of this therapy, we estimated the number of patients at risk of sudden death using an historical claims-based study and compared these results to current IC... |
3,409 | Diagnostic performance of a dual-chamber cardioverter defibrillator programmed with nominal settings: a European prospective study. | Despite technologic developments, accurate discrimination of ventricular tachyarrhythmia from rapid rhythms of nonventricular origin remains a challenge. We sought to examine the sensitivity and specificity of a dual-chamber arrhythmia detection algorithm, the PARAD algorithm, incorporated in a dual-chamber implantable... |
3,410 | Evolution of implantable cardioverter defibrillator indications: comparison of guidelines in the United States and Europe. | The rate of implantation of implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICD) is growing much faster in the United States than in western Europe. Among several factors, education and awareness of the problem of sudden cardiac death might account for this discrepancy.</AbstractText>Guidelines for ICD implantation developed ... |
3,411 | Automatic external defibrillator: key link in the chain of survival. | Sudden cardiac death is a major health problem. Worldwide success of resuscitation from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest is modest, with 5% to 10% survival to hospital discharge.</AbstractText>In the chain of survival, early defibrillation (goal <5 min after collapse) is a major determinant of successful outcome of re... |
3,412 | Vasopressin and epinephrine are equally effective for CPR in a rat asphyxia model. | Epinephrine has been administered as a drug essential for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). Recently, vasopressin has been reported to be more effective than epinephrine for CPR in a ventricular fibrillation (VF) model. As a different myocardial pathology is speculated to exist between the VF model and the asphyxia ... |
3,413 | Beneficial effects of vasopressin in prolonged pediatric cardiac arrest: a case series. | Children who suffer cardiac arrest have a poor prognosis. Based on laboratory animal studies and clinical data in adults, vasopressin is an exciting new vasopressor treatment modality during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). In particular, vasopressin has resulted in short term resuscitation benefits as a "rescue" p... |
3,414 | Gender differences in arrhythmias. | Electrocardiographic and electrophysiologic differences between men and women have long been noted. Women have a higher intrinsic heart rate than men, along with a longer corrected QT interval and a shorter sinus nodal recovery time. The incidence of and risk factors for a variety of arrhythmias differ between men and ... |
3,415 | [Effect of emotional stress on the cardiac rhythm variability in rats]. | A degree of irregularities of the heart rhythm was studied by two methods: chaos-analysis and the HRV (heart rate variability) analysis. Our study shows an individual response in 3 groups of animals: 1--animals with low initial level of chaos (correlation dimension (PD2 < 2); 2--animals with high level of chaos (PD2... |
3,416 | Electrical storms in an ICD-recipient with 429 delivered appropriate shocks: therapeutic management with antiarrhythmic drug combination. | The case of a 65 year old man with ischemic cardiomyopathy, an ICD device and recurrent electrical storms is presented. The patient had been implanted with an ICD device due to aborted sudden death. The first electrical storm occurred 12 months later. It was terminated by the administration of intravenous amiodarone an... |
3,417 | Innovative endovascular defibrillator lead use in superior vena cava obstruction. | We describe an unusual case of severe heart failure (HF) and rapid atrial fibrillation (AF) improved through ablation and pacemaker implant despite superior vena cava obstruction (SVCO).</AbstractText>SVCO precluded upper body venous access to the heart for procedural rate control. Both AV Junctional ablation and perma... |
3,418 | Precordial QT dispersion does not predict inducibility of ventricular tachyarrhythmias at post-revascularization electrophysiologic study. | We tested the hypothesis that revascularization would decrease QT interval dispersion and that QT interval dispersion would predict the outcome of the electrophysiologic study following revascularization.</AbstractText>QT interval dispersion may be a measure of the inhomogeneity of ventricular repolarization. The value... |
3,419 | Clinical and molecular heterogeneity in the Brugada syndrome: a novel gene locus on chromosome 3. | Brugada syndrome is a form of idiopathic ventricular fibrillation characterized by a right bundle-branch block pattern and ST elevation (STE) in the right precordial leads of the ECG. Sodium channel blockers increase STE. Mutations of the cardiac sodium channel SCN5A cause the disorder, and an implantable cardioverter-... |
3,420 | [Indications and potential benefits of implantable automatic defibrillator endowed with biventricular pacing]. | Heart failure (HF) is associated with a poor long-term survival due to progressive refractory heart dysfunction and sudden cardiac death. Cardiac resynchronization through three-chambered atriobiventricular pacing has been introduced to treat patients with drug-refractory HF and unsynchronized ventricular activation du... |
3,421 | [Variables of arrhythmia risk in relation to pacemaker and implantable defibrillator]. | Patients suffering from heart failure are at high risk of arrhythmic death. Conventional pacemakers have not shown to affect mortality in patients with chronic heart failure and sick sinus syndrome, while this issue is established in patients with III degree or advanced atrioventricular block. Biventricular pacing has ... |
3,422 | [Prognostic value of supraventricular arrhythmias in heart failure]. | Supraventricular tachyarrhythmias can be responsible for severe hemodynamic derangement which may contribute to the progression and worsening of heart failure. The resultant effect of these arrhythmias, however, is conditioned by several concomitant factors, such as age of the patients, left ventricular systolic functi... |
3,423 | [Arrhythmia risk stratification in patients with heart failure: prognostic evaluation of arrhythmia risk]. | Sudden cardiac death is one of the more frequent causes of death in patients with heart failure. Thus, identification of patients at risk is a major clinical problem not only for the unpredictability of the event but also for the continuous growth of patients' number. The most widely used parameter for risk stratificat... |
3,424 | [Arrhythmia risk stratification based on etiological and anatomo-structural factors]. | In patients with heart failure, sudden death is very common, particularly in subjects in NYHA functional class II and III (respectively 50-80% and 30-50% of all deaths). The mechanisms at the root of sudden death depend on whether heart failure is secondary to an ischemic or non-ischemic heart disease. In ischemic hear... |
3,425 | [Arrhythmia risk stratification in patients with heart failure. Foreword]. | The challenge of preventing arrhythmic sudden death is one of the major issues of today's treatment of heart failure. To pursue this aim, an accurate selection of candidates for sudden death has to be routinely carried out, while a maximized and individualized drug treatment has to be extensively administered in all hi... |
3,426 | Transferring patients for direct coronary angioplasty: a retrospective analysis of 135 unselected patients with acute myocardial infarction. | Direct coronary angioplasty (PTCA) represents the most effective treatment for acute myocardial infarction. However, only a minority of patients are initially admitted to hospitals with direct PTCA facilities available 24 hours daily. The safety and benefits of transfer direct PTCA are debated, and we have no data abou... |
3,427 | Mental stress as a trigger of acute cardiac events: the role of laboratory studies. | Mental stress has long been implicated as a potential trigger of myocardial infarction and sudden cardiac death. This article reviews research conducted in the past two decades utilizing laboratory studies to investigate behaviorally-induced pathophysiological effects (including increased cardiac demand, decreased myoc... |
3,428 | Myocardial membrane fatty acids and the antiarrhythmic actions of dietary fish oil in animal models. | Epidemiologic studies, animal studies, and more recently, clinical intervention trials all suggest a role for regular intake of dietary fish oil in reducing cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. Prevention of cardiac arrhythmias and sudden death is demonstrable at fish or fish oil intakes that have little or no effec... |
3,429 | A method to quantify the dynamics and complexity of re-entry in computational models of ventricular fibrillation. | Ventricular fibrillation is a deadly cardiac arrhythmia. There is evidence that electrical activity in cardiac tissue is sustained during fibrillation by re-entrant waves that rotate around filaments. In this paper we develop a method for identifying and tracking filaments in a computational model of ventricular fibril... |
3,430 | From the HOPE to the ONTARGET and the TRANSCEND studies: challenges in improving prognosis. | The Heart Outcomes Prevention Evaluation (HOPE) study conclusively demonstrated that ramipril, an angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor, reduces the risk of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction (MI), and death in patients at risk for cardiovascular events but without heart failure. The Study to Evaluate ... |
3,431 | The Low Energy Safety Study (LESS): rationale, design, patient characteristics, and device utilization. | A 10-J energy safety margin has traditionally been used in programming implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs). The Low Energy Safety Study (LESS) tests the hypothesis that programming shocks to lower energy margins is safe and effective.</AbstractText>Patients with standard ICD indications undergo defibrillatio... |
3,432 | Frequency analysis of ventricular fibrillation in Swine ventricles. | It has been suggested from frequency analysis that cardiac fibrillation is driven by stable intramural reentry, with wavebreak occurring due to failure of 1:1 propagation. We tested this hypothesis with a combined experimental and theoretical approach. Optical mapping was performed on epicardial, endocardial, and trans... |
3,433 | Independent contribution of catecholamines to arrhythmogenesis during evolving infarction in the isolated rat heart. | Ventricular fibrillation (VF) in conscious rats with coronary artery ligation occurs in two phases, before (phase 1) and after (phase 2) 90 min of ischaemia respectively. The mechanisms of phase 2 VF are not established. Interestingly, phase 2 VF is absent in isolated (denervated) buffer-perfused rat hearts. We investi... |
3,434 | Optimal ventricular rate slowing during atrial fibrillation by feedback AV nodal-selective vagal stimulation. | Although the beneficial effects of ventricular rate (VR) slowing during atrial fibrillation (AF) are axiomatic, the precise relationship between VR and hemodynamics has not been determined. We hypothesized that selective atrioventricular node (AVN) vagal stimulation (AVN-VS) by varying the nerve stimulation intensity c... |
3,435 | Effects of amiodarone on wave front dynamics during ventricular fibrillation in isolated swine right ventricle. | The effects of acute amiodarone infusion on dynamics of ventricular fibrillation (VF) are unclear. Six isolated swine right ventricles (RVs) were studied in vitro. Activation patterns during VF were mapped optically, whereas action potentials were recorded with a glass microelectrode. At baseline, VF was associated wit... |
3,436 | Successful explantation of a ventricular assist device following fulminant influenza type A-associated myocarditis. | We report a case of fulminant myocarditis associated with refractory ventricular fibrillation following influenza A infection. Histologic examination was consistent with myocarditis and serology confirmed the viral etiology. The patient was supported with biventricular assist devices for 20 days during which her refrac... |
3,437 | Coronary artery spasm and ventricular fibrillation after off-pump coronary surgery. | Native coronary artery or bypass graft spasm is a rare cause of acute myocardial infarction after coronary artery bypass grafting. This report presents angiographic documentation of native coronary artery spasm following successful multivessel off-pump coronary revascularization, which caused myocardial ischemia leadin... |
3,438 | Gatifloxacin-associated corrected QT interval prolongation, torsades de pointes, and ventricular fibrillation in patients with known risk factors. | Drugs not commonly considered to be cardioactive agents have been reported to cause prolongation of the corrected QT interval with resultant torsades de pointes or ventricular fibrillation. We report 4 cases of gatifloxacin-associated cardiac toxicity in patients with known risk factors for this adverse event. |
3,439 | [Biventicular pacing in patients with severe heart failure]. | According to initial clinical results biventricular pacing seems to be effective in the treatment of patients suffering from drug refractory severe heart failure combined with intraventricular conduction disturbance. Biventricular cardioverter defibrillators and biventricular pacemakers were implanted in patients suffe... |
3,440 | Difficult cases in heart failure: reversible cardiomyopathy due to atrial fibrillation in a 46-year-old patient. | The authors describe the challenging case of a 46-year-old patient who presented with a 2-week history of exertional dyspnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea, and orthopnea. He was found to have left ventricular failure and atrial fibrillation with a rapid ventricular rate. Initial work-up revealed dilated cardiomyopathy ... |
3,441 | Dofetilide in patients with congestive heart failure and left ventricular dysfunction: safety aspects and effect on atrial fibrillation. The Danish Investigators of Arrhythmia and Mortality on Dofetilide (DIAMOND) Study Group. | INTRODUCTION. Atrial fibrillation is a frequent cause of worsening of symptoms in patients with congestive heart failure. The drugs currently available for maintenance of sinus rhythm all have major side effects. METHODS. In 34 Danish coronary care units, 1518 patients with congestive heart failure and reduced left ven... |
3,442 | Atrial fibrillation in patients with heart failure: pharmacologic options. | Atrial fibrillation is a common arrhythmia in patients with heart failure. The presence of atrial fibrillation deteriorates cardiac function and increases the risk of thromboembolic events. The management of patients with atrial fibrillation in association with heart failure should consist of ventricular rate control, ... |
3,443 | Importance of continuous chest compressions during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: improved outcome during a simulated single lay-rescuer scenario. | Interruptions to chest compression-generated blood flow during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) are detrimental. Data show that such interruptions for mouth-to-mouth ventilation require a period of "rebuilding" of coronary perfusion pressure to obtain the level achieved before the interruption. Whether such hemodyna... |
3,444 | A mutant cardiac sodium channel with multiple biophysical defects associated with overlapping clinical features of Brugada syndrome and cardiac conduction disease. | Loss of Na(+) channel function has been implicated in idiopathic ventricular fibrillation (IVF) and Brugada syndrome. We have studied the biophysical properties of an IVF mutation (S1710L) that exhibited an unusual clinical phenotype: rate-dependent bundle branch block without manifestation of Brugada-type ECG pattern.... |
3,445 | Oral loading with propafenone for conversion of recent-onset atrial fibrillation: a review on in-hospital treatment. | Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a very common arrhythmia. In order to treat acute AF rapidly, effective drug regimens are required. Propafenone is a class IC antiarrhythmic agent that is suitable for oral loading as it reaches peak plasma concentrations within 2 to 4 hours of administration. The use of propafenone loading ... |
3,446 | [2 year follow-up of 321 patients with an implantable cardioverter/defibrillator: comparison of patients with and without atrial fibrillation]. | Atrial fibrillation is the most common cause of inappropriate therapy deliveries by implantable cardioverter/defibrillators (ICD). However, the importance of atrial fibrillation for the induction of ventricular arrhythmias and for the prognosis is controversial. We studied 321 ICD patients (pts) over the median follow-... |
3,447 | A prospective investigation into the epidemiology of in-hospital pediatric cardiopulmonary resuscitation using the international Utstein reporting style. | Data regarding pediatric in-hospital cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) have been limited because of retrospective study designs, small sample sizes, and inconsistent definitions of cardiac arrest and CPR. The purpose of this study was to prospectively describe and evaluate pediatric in-hospital CPR with the internati... |
3,448 | Amiodarone -- waxed and waned and waxed again. | Amiodarone has been used as an anti-arrhythmic drug since the 1970s and has an established role in the treatment of ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Although considered to be a class III anti-arrhythmic, amiodarone also has class I, II and IV actions, which gives it a unique pharmacological and anti-arrhythmic profile. Am... |
3,449 | Genetic and biophysical basis of sudden unexplained nocturnal death syndrome (SUNDS), a disease allelic to Brugada syndrome. | Sudden unexplained nocturnal death syndrome (SUNDS), a disorder found in southeast Asia, is characterized by an abnormal electrocardiogram with ST-segment elevation in leads V1-V3 and sudden death due to ventricular fibrillation, identical to that seen in Brugada syndrome. We screened patients with SUNDS for mutations ... |
3,450 | Life situation of patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator: a descriptive longitudinal study. | The aim of this study was to describe changes in the life situation of patients with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator over a period of 1 year. A sample of 56 consecutive patients took part in the study. Life situation was measured through uncertainty in illness, satisfaction, and fear of the life situation. De... |
3,451 | Streptozotocin diabetes protects against arrhythmias in rat isolated hearts: role of hypothyroidism. | We examined the contribution of hypothyroidism to streptozotocin diabetes-induced alterations in the arrhythmia susceptibility of ex vivo hearts to regional zero-flow ischaemia. Diabetic rats received either protamine zinc insulin (10 IU/kg/day, s.c.) or triiodothyronine (10 microg/kg/day, s.c.) for 8 weeks commencing ... |
3,452 | Inappropriate use of digoxin in older hospitalized heart failure patients. | Older adults are more likely to suffer from the adverse effects of digoxin. Studies have described the inappropriate use of digoxin in various populations. The objective of this study was to determine the correlates of inappropriate digoxin use in older heart failure patients.</AbstractText>We studied older hospitalize... |
3,453 | Passenger mortalities aboard cruise ships. | to study the epidemiology of passenger mortalities on cruise ships.</AbstractText><AbstractText Label="METHODS, MATERIAL AND RESULTS" NlmCategory="UNASSIGNED">during six years (April 1995 to April 2001) deaths aboard two similar cruise ships (A & B) were registered and studied. Each ship had an average of approxima... |
3,454 | Electrical storm due to amiodarone induced thyrotoxicosis in a young adult with dilated cardiomyopathy: thyroidectomy as the treatment of choice. | For a patient with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy, an implantable defibrillator, and amiodarone induced thyrotoxicosis associated with ventricular fibrillation storm. Medical therapy was ineffective. Thyroidectomy resulted in immediate control of the arrhythmia and permitted reinitiation of amiodarone. At 18-month f... |
3,455 | Pacemaker-mediated tachycardia in a biventricular pacing system. | A 63-year-old man with chronic atrial fibrillation and heart failure had a biventricular pacing system implanted. The pulse generator was a standard DDDR pacemaker, using the atrial channel for the right ventricular lead and the ventricular channel for the left ventricular lead. During final adjustment of the pacing pa... |
3,456 | Spontaneously terminating apparent ventricular fibrillation during transesophageal electrophysiological testing in infants with Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome. | This article describes two infants with Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome in whom apparent VF occurred without antecedent AF or atrial flutter during routine transesophageal electrophysiological testing. Remarkably, this arrhythmia terminated spontaneously in both infants. The documentation of self-limited apparent ... |
3,457 | Minimally invasive cardioverter defibrillator implantation for children: an animal model and pediatric case report. | The smaller venous capacitance in infants and small children may hamper transvenous ICD lead implantation, and epicardial approaches require thoracotomy and have associated complications. The study evaluated the feasibility and performance of subcutaneous arrays and active can ICDs without transvenous shocking coils or... |
3,458 | Acute cardiovascular effects of diltiazem in anesthetized dogs with induced atrial fibrillation. | Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most important arrhythmias of dogs. In a previous study, we determined the dosage of intravenously administered diltiazem necessary to reduce ventricular response (VR), cardiac output (CO), and mean systemic arterial pressure (P(Ao)) to values similar to those observed during sinu... |
3,459 | Implantable cardioverter defibrillator in a 4-month-old infant with cardiac arrest associated with a vascular heart tumor. | A previously healthy male infant was resuscitated after spontaneous ventricular fibrillation at 9 weeks of age. Echocardiography revealed three tumors in the left ventricle not amenable to complete resection. Despite treatment with antiarrhythmic agents the ventricular arrhythmias continued. When the child was 4 months... |
3,460 | Absence of a morning peak in ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation events in nonischemic heart disease: analysis of therapies by implantable cardioverter defibrillators. | A growing number of Japanese patients are being treated with ICDs. Efforts are warranted to minimize the rates of ICD shocks that cause discomfort and anxiety. The circadian distribution of ICD discharges was investigated in 80 patients (57+/-10 years of age, 69 men) from ten Japanese medical centers. The underlying he... |
3,461 | [Multichamber pacing--a new non-pharmacologic method for the treatment of severe heart failure]. | According to initial clinical results biventricular pacing seems to be effective in the treatment of patients suffering from drug refractory severe heart failure combined with intraventricular conduction disturbance. Biventricular cardioverter defibrillators and biventricular pacemakers were implanted in patients suffe... |
3,462 | Physiologic atrial cardiac pacing for the prevention of chronic atrial fibrillation associated with sick sinus syndrome. | Long-term results of physiologic atrial pacing have been analyzed for the possibility of avoiding the recurrence of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation and the progression to chronic permanent atrial fibrillation in patients with paroxysmal atrial fibrillation related to sick sinus syndrome. Seventy four patients were evalu... |
3,463 | The impact of postoperative atrial fibrillation on neurocognitive outcome after coronary artery bypass graft surgery. | Neurocognitive decline is a continuing source of morbidity after cardiac surgery. Atrial fibrillation occurs often after cardiac surgery and has been linked to adverse neurologic events. We sought to determine whether postoperative atrial fibrillation was associated with postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Four-hundre... |
3,464 | ACLS. | It must be emphasised that the published International Guidelines 2000 contain an in-depth presentation of the scientific evidence behind advanced life support. The exact interpretation of this evidence, and the algorithms adopted by a national resuscitation council will depend upon various factors such as local interp... |
3,465 | Endothelin receptor blockade and in-stent restenosis. | The aim of the present study was to test whether oral dosing of an endothelin (ET) receptor antagonist was able to reduce restenosis in the model of stent-induced restenosis. After pigs underwent coronary artery catheterization they were randomly allocated either to controls or to treatment with the ET receptor antagon... |
3,466 | [Sudden cardiac death]. | Sudden cardiac death describes the unexpected natural death from cardiac cause within a short time period from the onset of symptoms (usually one hour) in a person without any prior condition that would appear fatal. The mechanism is generally a malignant ventricular arrhythmia (ventricular tachycardia or fibrillation)... |
3,467 | A stroke prediction score in the elderly: validation and Web-based application. | The objective of this study was to construct a prediction model for predicting stroke in an elderly U.S. population, and to assess the accuracy in this population of other previously published prediction models. The subjects were participants in the Cardiovascular Health Study: 2,495 men and 3,393 women age 65 years an... |
3,468 | [Possibility of gene-specific treatment for hereditary arrhythmic diseases]. | Recent genetic and molecular technology have shown that genetic abnormalities related to the cardiac ion channels can be a cause of some hereditary arrhythmic diseases. Until now, advanced analysis has proceeded especially in congenital long QT syndrome, and six different subtypes have been identified in Romano-Ward sy... |
3,469 | A calcium sensor in the sodium channel modulates cardiac excitability. | Sodium channels are principal molecular determinants responsible for myocardial conduction and maintenance of the cardiac rhythm. Calcium ions (Ca2+) have a fundamental role in the coupling of cardiac myocyte excitation and contraction, yet mechanisms whereby intracellular Ca2+ may directly modulate Na channel function... |
3,470 | [Mid-ventricular obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy associated with an apical aneurysm and sustained ventricular tachycardia: a case report]. | A 60-year-old woman presented with mid-ventricular obstructive hypertrophic cardiomyopathy associated with an apical aneurysm and sustained ventricular tachycardia. She was admitted because of drug refractory ventricular tachycardia. She had been treated with several antiarrhythmic agents, including amiodarone, but sym... |
3,471 | Electrocardiogram and rhythm strip interpretation by final year medical students. | The pre-registration house officers (PRHO) is often called upon to interpret electrocardiograms ECG. We invited final-year medical students who had successfully completed their written final examinations, to interpret three rhythm-strip tracings, and three 12-lead ECG tracings. The rhythm-strips were of ventricular fib... |
3,472 | Early recovery of left ventricular function after stentless versus stented aortic valve replacement for pure aortic stenosis and severe cardiac dysfunction. | The aim of this study was to evaluate early recovery of systolic function after stentless aortic valve replacement (AVR) versus stented AVR.</AbstractText>Fifty-four consecutive patients with pure aortic stenosis and impaired left ventricular function (LVEF < or = 35%) were studied retrospectively. Aortic regurgitat... |
3,473 | Lengthening of intraatrial conduction time in atrial fibrillation and its relation with early recurrence of atrial fibrillation. | Intraatrial conduction delay in atrial fibrillation (AF) that is considered a component of atrial electrical remodeling has been demonstrated previously in experimental models and it is considered an important factor for the induction or stabilization of AF. However, it is not known if this phenomenon exists in human A... |
3,474 | [Drug therapy in cardiopulmonary resuscitation]. | In the year 2000, new international guidelines for cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) were published by the American Heart Association, and the European Resuscitation Council. These guidelines are evidence-based, indicating that these recommendations are based primarily on interpretation of data from clinical studies.... |
3,475 | Outcome of out-of-hospital postcountershock asystole and pulseless electrical activity versus primary asystole and pulseless electrical activity. | In the prehospital setting, countershock terminates ventricular fibrillation (VF) in about 80% of cases. However, countershock is most commonly followed by asystole or pulseless electrical activity (PEA). The consequences of such a countershock outcome have not been well studied. The purpose of this investigation was t... |
3,476 | Optimizing timing of ventricular defibrillation. | Our intent was to evolve a prognosticator that would predict the likelihood that an electrical shock would restore a perfusing rhythm. Such a prognosticator was to be based on conventional electrocardiographic signals but without constraints caused by artifacts resulting from precordial compression. The adverse effects... |
3,477 | Involvement of the central nervous system in the protective effect of melanocortins in myocardial ischaemia/reperfusion injury. | Melanocortin peptides exert, in rats, a protective effect in myocardial ischaemia followed by reperfusion, or permanent occlusion of a coronary artery. Moreover, melanocortins have an anti-shock effect. Since the mechanism of the life-saving effect of these peptides in haemorrhagic shock includes an essential brain loo... |
3,478 | Thrombolytic therapy after cardiac arrest and its effect on neurological outcome. | the aim of the study is to investigate the effect of thrombolytic therapy on neurological outcome in patients after cardiac arrest due to acute myocardial infarction. Laboratory investigations have demonstrated that thrombolytic therapy after cardiopulmonary resuscitation improves neurological function.</AbstractText>f... |
3,479 | Inspiratory impedance threshold valve during CPR. | The use of an inspiratory impedance threshold valve (ITV) during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) should reduce intrathoracic pressure during natural chest recoil or active chest decompression. This might in turn improve venous return and thereby organ blood flow. The haemodynamic effects during both standard CPR an... |
3,480 | Should ward nurses be using automatic external defibrillators as first responders to improve the outcome from cardiac arrest? A systematic review of the primary research. | The outcome from in-hospital cardiac arrest has improved little since the implementation of cardiopulmonary resuscitation 40 years ago. Early defibrillation improves survival following ventricular fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia. The emergence of automatic external defibrillators and advisory defibri... |
3,481 | Exploding implantable cardioverter defibrillator. | A 79-year-old man with a pectoral implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) system underwent periodic defibrillation threshold testing 18 months after implant. Attempted delivery of a 15-J shock caused a light flash above the pocket and a loud "pop." High-voltage lead impedance was <20 ohms. Pocket exploration re... |
3,482 | Paradoxic abbreviation of repolarization in epicardium of the right ventricular outflow tract during augmentation of Brugada-type ST segment elevation. | We report the case of a 53-year-old Japanese man with a typical Brugada-like ECG in whom epicardial and endocardial activation-recovery intervals (ARI) in the right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) were simultaneously measured by recording unipolar electrograms from the Pathfinder catheter introduced in the great cardi... |
3,483 | Electrical remodeling and atrial dilation during atrial tachycardia are influenced by ventricular rate: role of developing tachycardiomyopathy. | Atrial fibrillation (AF) and congestive heart failure (CHF) are two clinical entities that often coincide. Our aim was to establish the influence of concomitant high ventricular rate and consequent development of CHF on electrical remodeling and dilation during atrial tachycardia.</AbstractText>A total of 14 goats was ... |
3,484 | Electroporation in a model of cardiac defibrillation. | It is known that high-strength shock disrupts the lipid matrix of the myocardial cell membrane and forms reversible aqueous pores across the membrane. This process is known as "electroporation." However, it remains unclear whether electroporation contributes to the mechanism of ventricular defibrillation. The aim of th... |
3,485 | Lidocaine increases the proarrhythmic effects of monophasic but not biphasic shocks. | Lidocaine increases monophasic shock defibrillation energy requirement (DER) values but does not alter biphasic shock DER values. However, the mechanism of this drug/shock waveform interaction is unknown. It may be that lidocaine increases the proarrhythmic actions of monophasic shocks but not biphasic shocks. Thus, li... |
3,486 | Modified moving average analysis of T-wave alternans to predict ventricular fibrillation with high accuracy. | T-wave alternans is a marker of cardiac electrical instability with the potential for arrhythmia risk stratification. The modified moving average method was developed to measure alternans in settings with artifacts, noise, and nonstationary data. Algorithms were developed and performance characteristics were validated ... |
3,487 | Aerobic exercise conditioning: a nonpharmacological antiarrhythmic intervention. | Sudden, unexpected cardiac death due to ventricular fibrillation is the leading cause of death in most industrially developed countries. Yet, despite the enormity of this problem, the development of safe and effective antiarrhythmic therapies has proven to be an elusive goal. In fact, many initially promising antiarrhy... |
3,488 | Value of plasma B type natriuretic peptide measurement for heart disease screening in a Japanese population. | Conflict exists regarding the usefulness of measuring plasma B type natriuretic peptide (BNP) concentrations for identifying impaired left ventricular (LV) systolic function during mass screening. Various cardiac abnormalities, regardless of degree of LV dysfunction, are prone to carry a high risk of cardiovascular eve... |
3,489 | Terikalant and barium decrease the area of vulnerability to ventricular fibrillation induction by T-wave shocks. | The area of vulnerability (AOV) to ventricular fibrillation (VF) induction by high-voltage shocks has been proposed as a measure of vulnerability to VF. Biphasic shocks spanning the T wave and ranging between 50 V and the upper limit of vulnerability (ULV) to VF were delivered before and after terikalant (1 mg/kg) and ... |
3,490 | Implantable cardioverter defibrillator trials: what's new? | The implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) has been in clinical use for 20 years and its clinical role is becoming increasingly clear. A number of well-designed trials demonstrated its effectiveness in high-risk patients who have already experienced a malignant arrhythmia. A more controversial role for the ICD is... |
3,491 | The Brugada syndrome. | The Brugada syndrome describes a subgroup of patients at risk for the occurrence of ventricular fibrillation who have no definable structural heart disease associated with a right bundle branch block conduction pattern and ST-segment elevation in the right precordial leads. This syndrome is caused by genetic defects in... |
3,492 | Consequences of atrial tachycardia-induced remodeling depend on the preexisting atrial substrate. | All animal studies of atrial tachycardia (AT) remodeling to date have been performed in normal hearts, but clinical atrial fibrillation (AF) often occurs in the setting of heart disease. This study evaluated the effects of a pathological AF substrate on AT-induced remodeling.</AbstractText>Fourteen control dogs, 12 AT-... |
3,493 | Safety and efficacy of intraarterial thrombolysis for perioperative stroke after cardiac operation. | Acute ischemic stroke after cardiac operations is a devastating complication with limited therapeutic options. As clinical trials of thrombolysis for acute ischemic stroke exclude patients with recent major surgery, the safety of intraarterial thrombolysis in this setting is unknown.</AbstractText>Thirteen patients wit... |
3,494 | Prehospital management of cardiac arrest: how useful are vasopressor and antiarrhythmic drugs? | Out-of-hospital resuscitation protocols for patients suffering cardiac arrest have historically included cardiopulmonary resuscitation, defibrillation, and rapid transport to a hospital. For many years, use of drugs to improve myocardial perfusion or to correct arrhythmias that occur during cardiac arrest has been part... |
3,495 | Automated external defibrillators appropriately recognize ventricular fibrillation in electromagnetic fields. | Automated external defibrillators (AEDs) are increasingly available in industrial settings, but many industries have high electromagnetic fields (EMFs), which can interfere with the function of electronic devices. This study evaluated the performance of several AEDs when exposed to high EMFs.</AbstractText>Three commer... |
3,496 | Successful treatment with an implantable cardioverter defibrillator for spontaneous ventricular fibrillation in dilated cardiomyopathy with very high defibrillation thresholds. | A 72-year-old male patient with idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy who had shown recurrent episodes of drug refractory ventricular fibrillation underwent implantation of a transvenous implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD). Ventricular fibrillation (VF) was induced by a T wave shock at the implantation. However, t... |
3,497 | Cardiac involvement in thyroid hormone resistance. | To analyze the cardiovascular alterations thought to occur in resistance to thyroid hormone (RTH), cardiac involvement in 54 patients with RTH was investigated with the help of two-dimensional and Doppler echocardiography. Data from 41 of 54 adult subjects with RTH were also compared with those of 24 and 20 cases with ... |
3,498 | Ionic mechanism of electrical alternans. | Although alternans of action potential duration (APD) is a robust feature of the rapidly paced canine ventricle, currently available ionic models of cardiac myocytes do not recreate this phenomenon. To address this problem, we developed a new ionic model using formulations of currents based on previous models and recen... |
3,499 | Biphasic waveform external defibrillation thresholds for spontaneous ventricular fibrillation secondary to acute ischemia. | The goal of this study was to determine if the defibrillation threshold (DFT) after spontaneous ventricular fibrillation (VF) secondary to acute ischemia differs from the DFT for electrically induced VF in the absence of ischemia in anesthetized, closed-chest dogs and pigs.</AbstractText>The efficacy of external defibr... |
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