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3,500 | Onset heart rate of microvolt-level T-wave alternans provides clinical and prognostic value in nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy. | This study was designed to determine the prognostic value of onset heart rate (OHR) in T-wave alternans (TWA) in patients with nonischemic dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM).</AbstractText>One of the current major issues in DCM is to prevent sudden cardiac death (SCD). However, the value of the OHR of TWA as a prognostic ind... |
3,501 | Pregnancy after fontan repair of complex congenital heart disease. | We describe four successful pregnancies in three women who had previously had a Fontan repair for congenital heart disease. Each pregnancy resulted in a live birth and there was no maternal mortality The infants were premature, being delivered at 26, 30 and 35 weeks, and weighing 1,020, 1,333 and 1,930 g respectively T... |
3,502 | Differentiation of atrial rhythms from the electrocardiogram with coherence spectra. | Automated electrocardiogram (ECG) interpretation systems fail to reliably discriminate atrial fibrillation from sinus rhythm and other more regular atrial arrhythmias. Previously, magnitude-squared coherence (MSC), a frequency domain measure of the linear phase relation between 2 signals, has been shown to be a reliabl... |
3,503 | Expression and intracellular localization of an SCN5A double mutant R1232W/T1620M implicated in Brugada syndrome. | Brugada syndrome is an inherited cardiac disorder caused by mutations in the cardiac sodium channel gene, SCN5A, that leads to ventricular fibrillation and sudden death. This study reports the changes in functional expression and cellular localization of an SCN5A double mutant (R1232W/T1620M) recently discovered in pat... |
3,504 | Electrocardiographic measures of repolarization revisited: why? what? how? | Ventricular repolarization continues to be an enigma to clinical cardiologists and cardiac electrophysiologists. On the one hand, a century of experience has documented an association between abnormal T-wave morphology, QT prolongation and dispersion, T-wave alternans, and nonspecific ST-T waves with arrhythmia risk or... |
3,505 | Molecular biology and cellular mechanisms of Brugada and long QT syndromes in infants and young children. | Sudden cardiac death accounts for 19% of sudden deaths in children between 1 and 13 years of age and 30% of sudden deaths that occur between 14 and 21 years of age. The incidence of sudden cardiac death displays 2 peaks: one between 45 and 75 years of age, as a result of coronary artery disease, and the other between b... |
3,506 | Catecholamines in children with congenital long QT syndrome and Brugada syndrome. | Catecholamines have long been used as a provocative test in some forms of tachyarrhythmias including long QT syndrome (LQTS). In contrast, catecholamines are reported to decrease ST-segment elevation in leads V1-V3 in some patients with Brugada syndrome. Differential effects of catecholamines on QT interval, action pot... |
3,507 | Effect of radiofrequency current on previously implanted pacemaker and defibrillator ventricular lead systems. | We compared the response of endocardial lead systems to radiofrequency (RF) current delivered during atrio-ventricular junction ablation (AVJA) for atrial fibrillation with uncontrolled ventricular rate in 107 patients. The mean age was 67 +/- 11 years and the mean ejection fraction 42 +/- 15%. Patients were divided in... |
3,508 | T-wave morphology differences between patients with and without arrhythmic complication of ischemic heart disease. | The study investigated the differences in T-wave morphology between normal controls, patients with an uncomplicated follow-up after a myocardial infarction (MI), and patients with ischaemic heart disease and a history of ventricular tachycardia/fibrillation (VT/VF). The study population consisted of 164 healthy patient... |
3,509 | Predictive value of T-wave morphology variables and QT dispersion for postmyocardial infarction risk assessment. | Different attempts have been made to use the 12-lead surface electrocardiogram (ECG) for risk stratification of patients prone to sudden cardiac death. Among others, QT dispersion (QTd) has been proposed as a simple risk marker, eg, in patients postmyocardial infarction (MI). To overcome the methodological limitations ... |
3,510 | Clinical and familial study of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy. | To explore the characteristics of arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy (ARVC).</AbstractText>Seven patients with arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy and 34 members of three families were studied. All patients and family members underwent history collection, clinical examination, electrocardiogram... |
3,511 | Implantation of dual chamber pacemaker defibrillator and placement of endocardial leads via the axillary vein. | To assess the preliminary clinical results of implantation of dual chamber pacemaker defibrillator and to evaluate the safety and effectiveness of placement of endocardial leads in the axillary vein.</AbstractText>Seven patients with ventricular tachycardia and/or ventricular fibrillation (VT/VF), associated with brady... |
3,512 | Predisposing conditions for atrial fibrillation in atrial septal defect with and without operative closure. | The aims of this study were to determine the prevalence and predisposing conditions for atrial fibrillation (AF) in adults with atrial septal defect (ASD) and to evaluate the influence of age at surgical repair. The study population consisted of 286 adults with ASD (mean age 39.5 +/- 19 years). All patients had >or ... |
3,513 | Cardiac arrest and monitoring. | Initial assessment to determine pulselessness, monitoring the status of the patient, and the effectiveness of resuscitation efforts are integral parts of cardiopulmonary resuscitation. This article focuses on aspects of monitoring during cardiopulmonary resuscitation: electrocardiography and assessment of the adequacy ... |
3,514 | A randomised trial to investigate the efficacy of magnesium sulphate for refractory ventricular fibrillation. | Ventricular fibrillation (VF) remains the most salvageable rhythm in patients suffering a cardiopulmonary arrest (CA). However, outcome remains poor if there is no response to initial defibrillation. Some evidence suggests that intravenous magnesium may prove to be an effective antiarrhythmic agent in such circumstance... |
3,515 | [Unexplained right ventricle dilatation clarified by a cardiac contusion many years ago]. | In a 52-year-old man with new onset atrial fibrillation, transthoracic echocardiography showed an isolated, considerably dilated right ventricle. Frequent causes of right ventricular dilatation were ruled out. The image-forming investigation showed an isolated dilation of the ventral part of the heart, which, in combin... |
3,516 | Embolic events in 93 elderly Chinese patients with atrial fibrillation. | To evaluate the prevalence of embolic events and relevant factors in elderly Chinese patients with atrial fibrillation(AF), and to provide evidence on ways to prevent embolic events.</AbstractText>Autopsy data from ninety-three continous elderly Chinese patients with AF were analysed. The incidence of embolic events an... |
3,517 | Myocardial contraction bands. Definition, quantification and significance in forensic pathology. | Pathological contraction bands affecting myocardial cells are observed in many different human conditions and in different experimental models. Their morphology was defined long ago but we need to understand the pathogenesis and functional meaning. A distinction between different histological forms of contraction bands... |
3,518 | [An autopsied case of marked cardiac hypertrophy due to multifactorial heart disease in an 85 year-old man who had been socially active]. | An autopsied 85-year-old man had suffered from a mild form of diabetes mellitus since the age of 67 and had experienced the first episode of heart failure with arapid ventricular rate of atrial fibrillation at the age of 72. He had remained socially active until he died suddenly of ventricular fibrillation, although he... |
3,519 | Clinical and electrophysiologic effects of calcium channel blockers in patients receiving ibutilide. | Ibutilide is indicated for the acute termination of atrial fibrillation and atrial flutter. Recent work concludes that ibutilide activates a late inward sodium current that is blocked by nifedipine. Because calcium channel blockers are commonly used in patients with atrial fibrillation, it is important to exclude an an... |
3,520 | Clinical features and outcomes of elderly outpatients with heart failure followed up in hospital cardiology units: data from a large nationwide cardiology database (IN-CHF Registry). | Congestive heart failure (HF) represents a major public health problem with an age-related increasing prevalence. Despite the high mortality and morbidity in elderly patients with HF, limited clinical and prognostic data are available for development of appropriate prevention and treatment strategies.</AbstractText>A c... |
3,521 | Use of an inspiratory impedance valve improves neurologically intact survival in a porcine model of ventricular fibrillation. | This study evaluated the potential for an inspiratory impedance threshold valve (ITV) to improve 24-hour survival and neurological function in a pig model of cardiac arrest.</AbstractText>Using a randomized, prospective, and blinded design, we compared the effects of a sham versus active ITV on 24-hour survival and neu... |
3,522 | Clinical and echocardiographic characteristics of patients with left atrial thrombus and sinus rhythm: experience in 20 643 consecutive transesophageal echocardiographic examinations. | Left atrial (LA) thrombus is infrequently detected in the presence of sinus rhythm (SR) and, in these cases, is usually associated with additional cardiac pathologies. We sought to determine the clinical and echocardiographic characteristics of patients with LA thrombus and SR to define a high-risk group of patients pr... |
3,523 | r-hirudin as anticoagulant for cardiopulmonary bypass. | A 68-year-old woman with unstable angina and an episode of ventricular fibrillation developed a persistent and recurrent rash due to heparin. Medical therapy was continued with danaproid. For cardiopulmonary bypass and coronary artery grafting, r-hirudin was used as the anticoagulant. There were no thrombotic or coagul... |
3,524 | Outcome of cardiac arrests in a Portuguese hospital--evaluation of a hospital cardiopulmonar resuscitation program at one year. | Evaluation of a hospital-wide resuscitation program at one year.</AbstractText>All records of cardiac arrest calls were collected, logged in a database by the same operator, and analyzed. The cardiac arrest teams consist of a physician and a nurse with ALS (Advanced Life Support) training. Each team has a radio that is... |
3,525 | [Results of coronary artery bypass grafting in patients with impaired left ventricular systolic function]. | The purpose of this study was to examine the early and late results of CABG in patients with left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) lower than 40%. This study comprised 128 patients (114 male and 14 female) at age from 41 to 75 years (mean 58.3 +/- 7.9). Before operation 115 patients (89.8%) were in CCS class III or... |
3,526 | [Endothelin-1 in coronary artery disease]. | Endothelins (ETs) are the peptides made up of 21 amino acids synthesized and released by variety of cells. Following studies revealed three isoforms of ETs-ET-1, ET-2 and ET-3. Endothelin ET-1 is known as the most potent endothelium-derived vasoconstrictor peptide identified so far. Endothelin ET-1 acts in a paracrine ... |
3,527 | Right ventricular electrocardiographic leads for detection of Brugada syndrome in sudden unexplained death syndrome survivors and their relatives. | Sudden unexplained death syndrome (SUDS) is a sudden death syndrome in previously healthy Southeast Asian young adults without any structural causes of death. Many SUDS survivors show electrocardiographic (ECG) evidence of RSR' and ST elevation in leads V1 to V3, which is similar to the ECG pattern in Brugada syndrome.... |
3,528 | Clinical characteristics of rapid atrial fibrillation preceding ventricular tachycardia. | Spontaneous degeneration of rapid atrial fibrillation (AF) to ventricular fibrillation has been documented in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) and Wolff-Parkinson-White (WPW) syndrome. However, the importance of rap |
3,529 | [Chronic hepatitis ascribed to the use of sotalol]. | In a 68-year-old woman with severe chronic hepatitis an extensive investigation revealed no other cause than the use of sotalol for 10 months due to atrial fibrillation. Once the use of the medication had been discontinued the patient's symptoms quickly disappeared and the liver function disorders normalised within 5 m... |
3,530 | Magnesium efficacy in magnesium deficient and nondeficient patients with rapid ventricular response atrial fibrillation. | We assessed the effect of magnesium sulphate (MgSO4) on lowering the rate in ventricular atrial fibrillation (AF), and evaluated the effect of this therapy in magnesium (Mg) deficient and nondeficient patients. This experimental clinical study was performed on 34 patients with rapid AF (ventricular rate [VR] > 120/m... |
3,531 | [Diffusion-weighted imaging of brain death: study of apparent diffusion coefficient]. | DWI(Diffusion-weighted images) of the brain has been revealed to be useful in diagnosis of several clinical conditions. However, little is known about DWI with regard to brain death. We had opportunities to study patients with brain death. Case 1. A 34-year-old woman experienced cardiopulmonary arrest due to severe ven... |
3,532 | Localization of the origin of arrhythmias for ablation: from Electrocardiography to advanced endocardial mapping systems. | Radiofrequency catheter ablation techniques have had a dramatic impact on the treatment of a variety of cardiac arrhythmias. However, catheter ablation of complex arrhythmias, such as intra-atrial reentry, ventricular tachycardias, and atrial fibrillation, continues to pose a major challenge. This stems from limitation... |
3,533 | In vivo electrophysiologic studies in endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS)-deficient mice. | Endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) mediates attenuation of the L-type calcium channel and modulates myocyte contractility. Arrhythmogenic afterdepolarizations are seen in vitro in ouabain-treated isolated myocytes from eNOS-deficient mice. The aim of these studies was to characterize the baseline electrophysiolog... |
3,534 | Clinical experience with a dual-chamber implantable cardioverter defibrillator to treat atrial tachyarrhythmias. | This study evaluated the safety and efficacy of a new dual-chamber implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) to detect and treat atrial tachyarrhythmias in patients with drug-refractory atrial fibrillation (AF) and no indication for a ventricular ICD.</AbstractText>A dual-chamber ICD (Medtronic 7250 Jewel AF) was im... |
3,535 | [Pacing mode influence on morbidity and mortality]. | It is widely believed that physiologic pacing (defined as atrial or atrioventricular synchronous pacing) reduces cardiac morbidity and mortality and is associated with improved quality of life compared to ventricular pacing. In this review we present data from three large prospective trials (PASE, CTOPP, MOST) comparin... |
3,536 | [Severe accidental hypothermia in an elderly woman]. | Profound hypothermia (core temperature of less than 28 degrees C) is a life threatening state and a medical emergency associated with a high mortality rate. The prognosis depends on underlying diseases, advanced or very early age, the duration prior to treatment, the degree of hemodynamic deterioration, and especially,... |
3,537 | Relative safety of mirtazapine overdose. | A 43-y-o male with a history of AIDS, atrial fibrillation, and alcohol abuse presented to the emergency department 2 h after ingestion of 25 tablets of 15 mg mirtazapine (total 375 mg) with ethanol in a suicide attempt (no other coingestion). Vital signs were normal except for a mild tachycardia (rate 112). Physical ex... |
3,538 | Does the progression of myocardial fibrosis lead to atrial fibrillation in patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy? | The majority of left ventricular (LV) inflow volumes in hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) depend on atrial contraction because of impaired LV relaxation. If HCM is complicated by atrial fibrillation (AF), heart failure can develop because of the loss of atrial contraction. The purpose of this study was to determine the... |
3,539 | Molecular genetic basis of sudden cardiac death. | In this review, the up-to-date understanding of the molecular basis of disorders causing sudden death will be described. Two arrhythmic disorders causing sudden death have recently been well described at the molecular level, the long QT syndromes (LQTS) and Brugada syndrome, and in this article we will review the curre... |
3,540 | Endocardial wave front organization during ventricular fibrillation in humans. | This study was designed to characterize the organization of ventricular fibrillation (VF) on the endocardium of humans.</AbstractText>Most proposed mechanisms for the maintenance of VF postulate the propagation of a number of activation wave fronts that reenter to maintain the arrhythmia. We tested the hypothesis that,... |
3,541 | [Permanent pacing of the bundle of His after radiofrequency atrioventricular node ablation in patients with suprahisian conduction disturbances]. | The asynchronic contraction of the left ventricle due to left bundle branch block or right ventricular pacing is inferior from a hemodynamic point of view to the synchronic contraction through the conduction system. Several authors have reported some cases of pump failure and deterioration of mitral regurgitation after... |
3,542 | Sevoflurane before or after ischemia improves contractile and metabolic function while reducing myoplasmic Ca(2+) loading in intact hearts. | Ca(2+) loading occurs during myocardial reperfusion injury. Volatile anesthetics can reduce reperfusion injury. The authors tested whether sevoflurane administered before index ischemia in isolated hearts reduces myoplasmic diastolic and systolic [Ca(2+)] and improves function more so than when sevoflurane is administe... |
3,543 | Radiofrequency ablation in pediatric and adult patients: comparative results. | Radiofrequency (RF) catheter ablation has been widely and successfully employed to cure adult and pediatric patients of a variety of arrhythmias. Only limited data exist which compare the results in these two groups. The aim of this study was to compare the efficacy and safety of RF catheter ablation in pediatric versu... |
3,544 | Single-agent pegylated liposomal doxorubicin (Caelix) in chemotherapy pretreated non-small cell lung cancer patients: a pilot trial. | Polyethylene glycol-coated (pegylated) liposomal doxorubicin (PLD) is a new formulation of doxorubicin with peculiar pharmacokinetic and pharmacodinamic properties, a favorable toxic profile and a demonstrated activity in solid tumors. We tested PLD in locally advanced or metastatic NSCLC patients, progressed after a p... |
3,545 | Novel PRKAG2 mutation responsible for the genetic syndrome of ventricular preexcitation and conduction system disease with childhood onset and absence of cardiac hypertrophy. | We recently reported a mutation in the PRKAG2 gene to be responsible for a familial syndrome of ventricular preexcitation, atrial fibrillation, conduction defects, and cardiac hypertrophy. We now report a novel mutation in PRKAG2 causing Wolff-Parkinson-White syndrome and conduction system disease with onset in childho... |
3,546 | Regional prolongation of ARI and altered restitution properties cause ventricular arrhythmia in heart failure. | The mechanism of arrhythmogenicity in heart failure remains poorly understood. We examined the relationship between electrical abnormalities and ventricular arrhythmia by using experimental heart failure models. Sixty unipolar electrograms were recorded from the entire cardiac surface in control dogs (n = 13) and pacin... |
3,547 | Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. | There has been a tendency to treat paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF) in a similar way to sustained AF, but treatment objectives may be very different. We discuss current definitions, epidemiology, pathophysiology and natural history of PAF, and review evidence for its treatment and management. PAF comprises between ... |
3,548 | Intravenous BQ-123 and phosphoramidon reduce ventricular ectopic beats and myocardial infarct size in dogs submitted to coronary occlusion and reperfusion. | The aim of this work was to investigate the influence of endothelin on myocardial ischemia and reperfusion in anaesthetized dogs. Animals were submitted to left thoracotomy and 120 min of left anterior descending coronary occlusion, followed by 180 min of reperfusion. Arterial blood pressure and electrocardiogram (ECG)... |
3,549 | Impaired autonomic function predicts dizziness at onset of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation. | Paroxysmal atrial fibrillation is associated with various symptoms, including dizziness, which presumably reflects hemodynamic deterioration. Given the importance of the autonomic nervous system in mitigating the hemodynamic effect of atrial fibrillation, we hypothesized that autonomic function would be predictive of t... |
3,550 | Atrial fibrillation-induced atrial contractile dysfunction: a tachycardiomyopathy of a different sort. | Although AF-induced atrial contractile dysfunction has significant clinical implications the underlying intracellular mechanisms are poorly understood.</AbstractText>From the right atrial appendages of 59 consecutive patients undergoing mitral valve surgery (31 in SR, 28 in chronic AF) thin muscle preparations (diamete... |
3,551 | [QT prolongation and torsade de pointes tachycardia during therapy with maprotiline. Differential diagnostic and therapeutic aspects]. | A 69-year-old somnolent woman developed severe heart failure, aggravated by recurrent episodes of ventricular tachycardia. The patient showed central and peripheral edema. 24 hours earlier, she had suffered cerebral seizures that were successfully terminated by phenytoin. For 13 years, persistent atrial fibrillation ha... |
3,552 | Rectification of the background potassium current: a determinant of rotor dynamics in ventricular fibrillation. | Ventricular fibrillation (VF) is the leading cause of sudden cardiac death. Yet, the mechanisms of VF remain elusive. Pixel-by-pixel spectral analysis of optical signals was carried out in video imaging experiments using a potentiometric dye in the Langendorff-perfused guinea pig heart. Dominant frequencies (peak with ... |
3,553 | Sodium bicarbonate improves the chance of resuscitation after 10 minutes of cardiac arrest in dogs. | The likelihood of successful defibrillation and resuscitation decreases as the duration of cardiac arrest increases. Prolonged cardiac arrest is also associated with the development of acidosis. These experiments were designed to determine whether administration of sodium bicarbonate and/or adrenaline in combination wi... |
3,554 | Use of a cardiocerebral-protective drug cocktail prior to countershock in a porcine model of prolonged ventricular fibrillation. | This was the third study in a series exploring whether the use of combination pharmacotherapy with delayed countershock would produce higher rates of return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) and one-hour survival when compared with standard advanced cardiac life support (ACLS) therapy in prolonged ventricular fibrillat... |
3,555 | Pathological features of witnessed out-of-hospital cardiac arrest presenting with ventricular fibrillation. | To determine which characteristic pathological features are predictive of the presenting rhythm and survival in victims of community cardiac arrest.</AbstractText>Case-controlled retrospective autopsy study.</AbstractText>County of Nottinghamshire with a total population of 993 914 and an area of 2183 square kilometers... |
3,556 | The Utstein template and the effect of in-hospital decisions: the impact of do-not-attempt resuscitation status on survival to discharge statistics. | Variables for reporting outcome of pre-hospital cardiac arrest have been delineated in the Utstein style template. The primary outcome statistic is survival to hospital discharge (SHD). The template allows comparisons of pre-hospital care systems and has been used to determine the benefit of pre-hospital interventions.... |
3,557 | Adrenergic nervous activity in patients after surgical correction of tetralogy of Fallot. | The study was done to define the role of the autonomic nervous system in postoperative tetralogy of Fallot.</AbstractText>Subsequent to surgical correction of tetralogy of Fallot, patients are at long-term risk of sudden death owing to ventricular electrical instability. The status of the sympathetic nervous system in ... |
3,558 | Long-term left ventricular pacing: assessment and comparison with biventricular pacing in patients with severe congestive heart failure. | The purpose of this study is to report prospectively the results of six-month follow-up of permanent left ventricular (LV) based pacing in patients with severe congestive heart failure (CHF) and left bundle branch block (LBBB).</AbstractText>Left ventricular pacing alone has been demonstrated to result in identical imp... |
3,559 | Cardioprotective effects of the MR contrast agent MnDPDP and its metabolite MnPLED upon reperfusion of the ischemic porcine myocardium. | To evaluate whether manganese dipyridoxyl diphosphate (MnDPDP) or its metabolite manganese dipyridoxyl ethyldiamine (MnPLED) reduces post-ischemic myocardial injury.</AbstractText>Left anterior descending artery (LAD) in anesthetized pigs was occluded (30 min) followed by reperfusion (120 min) during hemodynamic monito... |
3,560 | Anti-arrhythmic and electrophysiological effects of the endothelin receptor antagonists, BQ-123 and PD161721. | The effects of the endothelin ET(A), (BQ-123) and endothelin ET(A/B) (PD161721) receptor antagonists were investigated on ischaemia-induced arrhythmias and on the maximum following frequency. The study was carried out in Langendorff perfused rat hearts subjected to coronary artery occlusion in which the severity of arr... |
3,561 | Percutaneous mitral balloon valvotomy: six-year follow-up. | Percutaneous mitral valvotomy (PMV) is an alternative to the surgical treatment of mitral stenosis. Results obtained with PMV appear to depend on the echocardiographical characteristics of the valvular apparatus. The purpose of this study was to report the immediate and late-term results with PMV. The incidence of late... |
3,562 | Automated external defibrillators: technical considerations and clinical promise. | Early defibrillation is the most important determinant of survival for victims of cardiac arrest due to ventricular fibrillation. The automated external defibrillator (AED) was developed as the result of the American Heart Association's Public Access Defibrillation initiative. The goal of this initiative is to place AE... |
3,563 | [Adequate performance of a pectoral implanted defibrillator after high-dose radiation therapy for thyroid cancer]. | The interference of implanted defibrillators (ICD) from electronic appliances is small. There is scant knowledge about the effects of radiation therapy on defibrillator function. Existing data commonly derive from in vitro tests of the devices. We report on a 60-year old male patient with a left pectoral implanted ICD,... |
3,564 | New electrocardiographic leads and the procainamide test for the detection of the Brugada sign in sudden unexplained death syndrome survivors and their relatives. | Sudden unexplained death syndrome occurs in previously healthy South-east Asian young adults without any structural cause of death. The common electrocardiographic (ECG) change in sudden unexplained death syndrome survivors is right bundle branch block and ST elevations in leads V(1) to V(3), which are similar to the E... |
3,565 | [Alcohol and stroke: a controversial association]. | Although an increasing quantity of information concerning risk factors for stroke have been developed lately, the relationship between alcohol consumption and cerebral ischemic infarction, unlike at coronary sites, remains unclear. This review highlights the main pathogenic mechanisms of alcohol in the development of i... |
3,566 | The predictive value of ventricular fibrillation electrocardiogram signal frequency and amplitude variables in patients with out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. | We evaluated ventricular fibrillation frequency and amplitude variables to predict successful countershock, defined as pulse-generating electrical activity. We also elucidated whether bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) influences these electrocardiogram (ECG) variables. In 89 patients with out-of-hospital ca... |
3,567 | Evaluation of emergency air evacuation of critically ill patients from cruise ships. | The study objectives were to assess the ship physician's diagnostic accuracy in making the decision to air evacuate critically ill patients from cruise ships, to determine the outcome of these patients, and the overall benefit of air evacuation.</AbstractText>From October 1999 to May 2000, we performed a prospective st... |
3,568 | Out-of-hospital cardiac arrest in men and women. | The incidence of sudden cardiac death is roughly 3 times greater in men than in women. However, in patients treated for out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, the relationships between sex and survival after adjustment for age and cardiac rhythm are unclear.</AbstractText>In this retrospective cohort study, we examined 7069 m... |
3,569 | Acute pulmonary toxicity after low-dose amiodarone therapy. | Amiodarone-induced pulmonary toxicity is usually seen in cardiac surgical patients who have received large doses of amiodarone for ventricular arrhythmias over prolonged periods. In this report, we describe a case of amiodarone-induced pulmonary toxicity after a short course of therapy for postoperative atrial fibrilla... |
3,570 | Atrial fibrillation surgery simplified with cryoablation to improve left atrial function. | The Maze procedure restores atrial fibrillation to normal sinus rhythm. However, concurrent left atrial functional recovery is not always achieved. To address this limitation, a modification using linear cryoablation is described.</AbstractText>Between July 1997 and December 1999, 83 patients received atrial fibrillati... |
3,571 | Does electrode polarity alter the energy requirements for transthoracic biphasic waveform defibrillation? Experimental studies. | Electrode polarity may alter the success of biphasic shocks from implantable systems. Whether the electrode polarity influences the success of transthoracic biphasic defibrillation is unknown. We determined the effect of electrode polarity on biphasic transthoracic defibrillation in a porcine model.</AbstractText>In te... |
3,572 | Novel CPR with periodic Gz acceleration. | The effects of periodic Gz acceleration (pGz) on cardiovascular function and hemodynamics were determined in a pig model of acute cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). The application of pGz (horizontal head-to-foot oscillations) at 2 Hz increased cardiac output in fibrillated animals proportional to the amplitude of th... |
3,573 | Cardiac arrest patients in an alpine area during a six year period. | The components of the 'chain of survival' remain the strongest pathway to save more people from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. The 'Utstein Style' terminology has been applied to this study to evaluate survival in patients cared for by Emergency Medical Technicians--Defibrillation (EMT-D) and physicians in a rural alp... |
3,574 | Cerebral ischaemia in experimental cardiopulmonary resuscitation--comparison of epinephrine and aortic occlusion. | The apparent inability of epinephrine to improve outcome after cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) could be caused by direct negative effects on the cerebral circulation. Constant aortic occlusion with a balloon catheter could be an alternative way to improve coronary and cerebral perfusion during CPR. The objective of... |
3,575 | Preliminary results on the prediction of countershock success with fibrillation power. | In a study of artifact-free ventricular fibrillation episodes in 54 patients, 28 of whom experienced return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC), the power of different indicators to predict the ROSC was compared. Taking the average of sensitivity, specificity and positive and negative predictive value, the dominant frequ... |
3,576 | Fibrillation power, an alternative method of ECG spectral analysis for prediction of countershock success in a porcine model of ventricular fibrillation. | Noninvasive prediction of defibrillation success after cardiac arrest and cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) may help in determining the optimal time for a countershock, and thus increase the chance for survival.</AbstractText>In a porcine model (n=25) of prolonged cardiac arrest, advanced cardiac life support was pro... |
3,577 | Estimating the effect of bystander-initiated cardiopulmonary resuscitation in Japan. | Low incidence of bystander-initiated cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is allegedly responsible for poor survival from out-of-hospital cardiac arrest (OHCA) in Japan. This study was conducted to determine significant predictors for survival after collapse-witnessed OHCA of presumed cardiac etiology to investigate the... |
3,578 | The use of AEDs by police officers in the City of London. Automated external defibrillators. | The Guidelines 2000 for cardiopulmonary resuscitation recommend shock delivery to victims in ventricular fibrillation within 5 min of call receipt by the Emergency Medical Services. In an effort to achieve this goal, in some parts of the United States, police officers have been trained to use automated external defibri... |
3,579 | Biphasic and monophasic transthoracic defibrillation in pigs with acute left ventricular dysfunction. | Our purpose was to compare biphasic versus monophasic shock success for VF termination in a porcine model of acute left ventricular (LV) dysfunction.</AbstractText>For the termination of ventricular fibrillation (VF), transthoracic biphasic waveform shocks achieve higher success rates than monophasic shocks. However, t... |
3,580 | Analysing ventricular fibrillation ECG-signals and predicting defibrillation success during cardiopulmonary resuscitation employing N(alpha)-histograms. | Mean fibrillation frequency may predict defibrillation success during cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR). N(alpha)-histogram analysis should be investigated as an alternative. After 4 min of cardiac arrest, and 3 versus 8 min of CPR, 25 pigs received either vasopressin or epinephrine (0.4, 0.4, and 0.8 U/kg vasopressi... |
3,581 | Magnesium sulfate in the treatment of refractory ventricular fibrillation in the prehospital setting. | To determine if magnesium sulfate (MgSO(4)) improves outcome in cardiac arrest patients initially in ventricular fibrillation (VF).</AbstractText>Randomized, prospective, double blind, placebo-controlled, multicenter prehospital trial using 2 g of MgSO(4). Eligible patients were non-traumatic cardiac arrest patients (&... |
3,582 | Optimal Response to Cardiac Arrest study: defibrillation waveform effects. | Advances in early defibrillation access, key to the "Chain of Survival", will depend on innovations in defibrillation waveforms, because of their impact on device size and weight. This study compared standard monophasic waveform automatic external defibrillators (AEDs) to an innovative biphasic waveform AED.</AbstractT... |
3,583 | Qualitative chaos analysis for ventricular tachycardia and fibrillation based on symbolic complexity. | Ventricular fibrillation (VF) is one of the most serious malignant arrhythmias, usually resulting from immediate degeneration of ventricular tachycardia (VT). The surrogate data test (SDT) has been employed in the qualitative detection and analysis of cardiac chaos. Unfortunately, the current SDT method, based on the G... |
3,584 | Pediatric transthoracic defibrillation: biphasic versus monophasic waveforms in an experimental model. | The purpose of this study was to determine and compare the efficacy of biphasic and monophasic waveforms in a porcine model of pediatric defibrillation.</AbstractText>The efficacy and safety of biphasic waveforms in children has not been established.</AbstractText>We initially studied 27 piglets: 12 weighed 3-6 kg ('in... |
3,585 | The beneficial effect of basic life support on ventricular fibrillation mean frequency and coronary perfusion pressure. | Chest compressions before initial defibrillation attempts have been shown to increase successful defibrillation. This animal study was designed to assess whether ventricular fibrillation mean frequency after 90 s of basic life support cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) may be used as an indicator of coronary perfusion... |
3,586 | Out of hospital cardiac arrests--the experience of one hospital in Singapore. | In Singapore, all public emergency ambulances are equipped with semi-automatic external defibrillators and the crew is trained in their use. This is the first paper from Singapore reporting the survival rate in patients presenting to an urban public hospital with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) who developed out-of-hospi... |
3,587 | Radiofrequency lesions produced by handheld temperature controlled probes for use in atrial fibrillation surgery. | Detailed analysis of the size and shape of lesions produced by handheld radiofrequency ablation devices at open heart surgery has not been reported previously.</AbstractText>Radiofrequency lesions were made from the epicardial surface of the cardiac ventricles in open-chested dogs. The effects of electrode size, electr... |
3,588 | To anticoagulate or not to anticoagulate patients with cardiomyopathy. | The current published literature does not indicate whether the long-term effect of anticoagulant or antiplatelet therapy contributes to mortality reduction in patients with LV dysfunction. Evaluating patients for personal risk for emboli or for ischemic coronary artery events may influence the choice of therapies. As m... |
3,589 | Effects of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibition on the development of the atrial fibrillation substrate in dogs with ventricular tachypacing-induced congestive heart failure. | Atrial structural remodeling creates a substrate for atrial fibrillation (AF), but the underlying signal transduction mechanisms are unknown. This study assessed the effects of ACE inhibition on arrhythmogenic atrial remodeling and associated mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) changes in a dog model of congestive ... |
3,590 | Effects of melatonin on ischemia and reperfusion injury of the rat heart. | Effects of melatonin on various manifestations of ischemia/reperfusion injury of the isolated perfused rat heart were examined. Ischemia- and reperfusion-induced ventricular arrhythmias were studied under constant flow in hearts subjected to 10, 15 or 25 min of regional ischemia (induced by LAD coronary artery occlusio... |
3,591 | Silymarin and vitamin E do not attenuate and vitamin E might even enhance the antiarrhythmic activity of amiodarone in a rat reperfusion arrhythmia model. | Oxidative stress and lysosomal phospholipoidosis, which also might be partly attributed to free radicals induced by amiodarone (AM), may be involved in AM toxicity, which can be prevented by antioxidants. Our aim was to study if vitamin E (E) or silymarin (S), a lipid and a water-soluble antioxidant, modified the antia... |
3,592 | Heat stress protects against electrophysiological damages induced by acute doxorubicin exposure in isolated rat hearts. | The use of anthracycline antibiotics as anticancer agents is limited by their cardiac toxicity. Heat stress (HS) is known to confer protection against various myocardial injuries such as ischemia-reperfusion induced damage. This cardioprotective mechanism is associated with an increase in endogenous antioxidative defen... |
3,593 | Transtracheal oxygenation : an alternative to endotracheal intubation during cardiac arrest. | Because efforts to secure adequate arterial oxygenation during cardiac resuscitation are more important than efforts to promote CO(2) elimination, we investigated whether continuous transtracheal oxygenation (TTO) could represent a potentially simpler alternative to conventional positive-pressure ventilation with 100% ... |
3,594 | [Diastolic heart failure. Treatment]. | Many therapeutic options are proposed for the treatment of diastolic heart failure although no consensus has been established. In experimental trials, several drugs have demonstrated a potentially beneficial effect on ventricular diastolic dysfunction and could be used for diastolic heart failure: nitrate derivatives, ... |
3,595 | [When is surgery needed for minimally symptomatic or asymptomatic acquired valvulopathy?]. | GENERAL PRINCIPLES: The first step is to determine the absence or the minimal nature of the functional impairment from history taking and, for doubtful cases, with an exercise test. Therapeutic indications differ depending on the valvular lesion. AORTIC STENOSIS: Surgery is indicated only for severe aortic stenosis or ... |
3,596 | Blocking Na(+)/H(+) exchange reduces [Na(+)](i) and [Ca(2+)](i) load after ischemia and improves function in intact hearts. | We determined in intact hearts whether inhibition of Na(+)/H(+) exchange (NHE) decreases intracellular Na(+) and Ca(2+) during ischemia and reperfusion, improves function during reperfusion, and reduces infarct size. Guinea pig isolated hearts were perfused with Krebs-Ringer solution at 37 degrees C. Left ventricular (... |
3,597 | Arrhythmogenic ionic remodeling: adaptive responses with maladaptive consequences. | Compensatory changes in ion transport mechanisms occur in response to a variety of cardiac disease processes. Recent work has demonstrated that these adaptive responses can produce the arrhythmogenic substrate for a variety of important cardiac rhythm disorders. Two important paradigms are atrial tachycardia-induced re... |
3,598 | [Severe ibutilide-induced arrhythmia in patients with heart failure]. | Ibutilide is a novel class III antiarrhythmic agent used for the termination of atrial flutter and atrial fibrillation. It mainly affects membrane potassium currents (IKr) and prolongs the cardiac action potential. This effect is reflected as QT-interval prolongation in the ECG. Drugs that affect IKr-currents are known... |
3,599 | Adverse hemodynamic effects of interrupting chest compressions for rescue breathing during cardiopulmonary resuscitation for ventricular fibrillation cardiac arrest. | Despite improving arterial oxygen saturation and pH, bystander cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) with chest compressions plus rescue breathing (CC+RB) has not improved survival from ventricular fibrillation (VF) compared with chest compressions alone (CC) in numerous animal models and 2 clinical investigations.</Abst... |
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