qid int64 1 74.7M | question stringlengths 12 33.8k | date stringlengths 10 10 | metadata list | response_j stringlengths 0 115k | response_k stringlengths 2 98.3k |
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85,282 | I've listened that it is possible to modify the cage size of a rear derailleur.
For instance reducing a long (SGS) to a medium (GS) or short (SS) cage size.
Is it possible on all brands?
Just shimano?
Every model or just high specs?
Is possible to buy generic metal cages or you need to reuse a cage from other derailleur? | 2022/08/10 | [
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/85282",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/users/64197/"
] | First of all, what derailleur do you have or do you wish to modify? That information is necessary as the answer is not necessarily "general."
Overall, many cages are detachable (at least those on high-end rear derailleurs), but there will be slight issues. The derailleurs of different capacities aren't just different from the size of the cage; the length of the body is also different. If you were to attach a long cage to a short cage derailleur, it won't hold as many teeth as the original long one.
You can buy a cage of the same series (let's say you are r7000 and you should only buy this instead of r8000 or r4700), or you can just buy the plates of the cage to change them. | The answer is maybe, and you probably won't find enough published information to know until you try to bolt it together.
Even within a single product family and generation, the parts vary:
* RD-M9100-SGS XTR Long cage for 1x <https://bike.shimano.com/en-EU/product/component/xtr-m9100/RD-M9100-SGS.html>
* RD-M9120-SGS XTR Long cage for 2x <https://bike.shimano.com/en-EU/product/component/xtr-m9100/RD-M9120-SGS.html>
Both have a total capacity of 41 teeth, with the 1x variant accepting a 10-51T cassette, and the 2x accepting a 10-45T cassette with a chainring difference of up to 10T.
In the expanded view documents, the parts for GS and SGS variants are listed:
* <https://dassets.shimano.com/content/dam/global/cg1SHICCycling/final/ev/ev/EV-RD-M9100-4387D.pdf>
* <https://dassets.shimano.com/content/dam/global/cg1SHICCycling/final/ev/ev/EV-RD-M9120-4388D.pdf>
The inner plate (closer to the spokes) for SGS is part Y3FA26000 for both 1x and 2x, but the outer plate is Y3FA98080 for for SGS 1x and Y3FB98050 for SGS 2x.
The P-Axle is Y5PV98060 for both, so outer plate might bolt on interchangeably, but the pivot to upper pulley geometry is different so if you swapped the outer plates between 1x and 2x, the upper pulley might sit too close or too far from the cassette, beyond the ability of the B-screw to compensate.
If you're working with older parts, the best approach may be to just buy a variety of derailleurs and try it. If it doesn't work out, clean the parts, reassemble and re-sell, potentially for profit. |
9,840 | I want to start with woodworking, and am looking at power tools. I've looked at a lot of comparisons and reviews on Youtube, and most of them recommend that you shouldn't buy expert tools as a DIY.
But I've noticed that the cheaper expert tools are about the same price as the expensive DIY tools. A few examples of what I mean:
* Bosch PEX400 AE (green) is about the same price as Bosch GEX 125-2 AE (blue)
* Ryobi RCS 1600K is just a bit cheaper than the Milwaukee CS 55
I chose the companies above since they are DIY and pro variants of tools from the same manufacturer. That way I hope that I don't create confusion and discussions about different brands.
My question is what I should think about when deciding if I should buy cheap pro tools or expensive DIY tools.
The main worry for me is that I buy a lot of tools, and have to buy new tools in a year or two. I don't like the idea of buying new tools because I didn't do my research and bought good enough tools to start with. | 2019/07/30 | [
"https://woodworking.stackexchange.com/questions/9840",
"https://woodworking.stackexchange.com",
"https://woodworking.stackexchange.com/users/7663/"
] | The differences in price between any two similar appliances is driven by a complicated matrix of global market capitalism, most of which will be opaque to you, or out of your control.
The prices at your local store will be driven by a variety of things, from a choice to use sintered or plastic gears during manufacture, to how badly your local store needs to move some stock because of the shelving deals they have made with a large transnational corporation.
As pointed out in comments, there is no such thing as a "pro" or "expert" tools. That is, no tool is intrinsically for experts. Rather, such brands position themselves thusly via marketing. The distinguishing characteristics will be held up as examples of their suitability for the pro, but those characteristics may not be useful to you, and certainly will not necessarily match from brand to brand or model to model.
Instead, make your tool investments based on how you expect to use them. We are slowly building a wiki-like collection of first-time buyers info (there is one for circular saws, for example) that talks about useful features from a woodworking perspective. It's more important to know, for example, what sort of sole a saw has and how the different soles are useful for different sorts of work, than the colour of the body or the words on a sticker. (This is where a local makerspace or shared woodworking shop can really help. You get the advantage of talking to people about how tools work for them, and get to try things out for yourself. This is an excellent way to build up your skill. Never underestimate the value of what the radio folks refer to as "Elmers".)
As I mention in my comment, start slowly, and only once you have an idea of what you want to use a tool *for*. Compare based on features within your price range. And always ask yourself the questions, "Do I really *need* this? Do I really need this *now*?" | Here we have a large retailer of import tools "Quality Tools Lowest Prices" there products range from dumpster fill to extremely good buys. Some are so inexpensive that if you use it once or twice it's payed for. I have some of there tools that broke halfway into there first use and some I have used hundreds of times. One of the high use tools was less than half of the price next one up.
Random orbit sanders are a high use tool for me I have used of the very top of the line (very expensive) can not justify the price and some cheap ones vibrated to much, so some where in the middle. The same with circular saws some where in the middle, but buy a very high quality saw blade.
In short look at and handle the tool, it should be comfortable to use. I have large hands a tool that fits my hands may not be good for you.
Some times good used tools can be had at reasonable prices. |
285,081 | Is there a way to write log4j logging events to a log file that is also being written to by other applications. The other applications could be non-java applications. What are the drawbacks? Locking issues? Formatting? | 2008/11/12 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/285081",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/18995/"
] | Your best bet might be to let each application log separately, then put a scheduled job in place to 'zipper' the files together based on time. If you need really up-to-date access to the full log, you could have this run every hour. | Log4j is flexible enough that you can create log entries in a format that is compatible with the records already in the file. Just look into the appenders for how to format specific data fields.
Your main concern will be with locking, most likely by other applications. Make sure all of the applications do not have an exclusive lock on the file and you should be fine. |
285,081 | Is there a way to write log4j logging events to a log file that is also being written to by other applications. The other applications could be non-java applications. What are the drawbacks? Locking issues? Formatting? | 2008/11/12 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/285081",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/18995/"
] | Log4j has a SocketAppender, which will send events to a service, which you can implement yourself or use the simple implementation bundled with Log4j.
It also supports syslogd and the Windows event log, which may be useful in trying to unify your log output with events from non-Java applications.
If performance is an issue at all, you want a single service writing the log file, rather than trying to coordinate a consistent locking strategy among diverse logging applications. | Your best bet might be to let each application log separately, then put a scheduled job in place to 'zipper' the files together based on time. If you need really up-to-date access to the full log, you could have this run every hour. |
285,081 | Is there a way to write log4j logging events to a log file that is also being written to by other applications. The other applications could be non-java applications. What are the drawbacks? Locking issues? Formatting? | 2008/11/12 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/285081",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/18995/"
] | Log4j has a SocketAppender, which will send events to a service, which you can implement yourself or use the simple implementation bundled with Log4j.
It also supports syslogd and the Windows event log, which may be useful in trying to unify your log output with events from non-Java applications.
If performance is an issue at all, you want a single service writing the log file, rather than trying to coordinate a consistent locking strategy among diverse logging applications. | Log4j is flexible enough that you can create log entries in a format that is compatible with the records already in the file. Just look into the appenders for how to format specific data fields.
Your main concern will be with locking, most likely by other applications. Make sure all of the applications do not have an exclusive lock on the file and you should be fine. |
285,081 | Is there a way to write log4j logging events to a log file that is also being written to by other applications. The other applications could be non-java applications. What are the drawbacks? Locking issues? Formatting? | 2008/11/12 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/285081",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/18995/"
] | I have a experience with the following two approaches:
1. Use database for logging instead of plain text file - it can be prohibitive because of performance issues, on the other hand it is very easy to analyze logs, create reports. Database takes care for all concurrency problems.
2. The other approach involves usage of JBoss server, which can be used to read logging information from other sources. JBoss can be run in the minimal configuration and thanks to that it is really lightweight (2 seconds startup time). Details can be found here <http://docs.jboss.org/process-guide/en/html/logging.html> (Logging to a Seperate Server). Log4J takes care of all locking/concurrency issues.
If you are not planning to use JBoss you can use the second approach as a base of your own logging solution. | Log4j is flexible enough that you can create log entries in a format that is compatible with the records already in the file. Just look into the appenders for how to format specific data fields.
Your main concern will be with locking, most likely by other applications. Make sure all of the applications do not have an exclusive lock on the file and you should be fine. |
285,081 | Is there a way to write log4j logging events to a log file that is also being written to by other applications. The other applications could be non-java applications. What are the drawbacks? Locking issues? Formatting? | 2008/11/12 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/285081",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/18995/"
] | I don't think the default log4j appenders do any file locking or synchronization. Without such locking, you're likely to lose log messages or receive them mangled.
I'm not sure how easy it is to do file locking in Java, but to make this work directly, I think you would need to subclass the appropriate Appender and override the logging method, wrapping it with synchronization code that locks and unlocks the file. This might have performance implications, depending on your system load.
Log4perl has a synchronizing Appender, Log::Log4perl::Appender::Synchronized, which wraps an Appender and accomplishes this, and also seems to provide a flag in its Log::Log4perl::Appender::File that prevents interleaved lines. You might look at what those do to see if it could be replicable in Java. | Log4j is flexible enough that you can create log entries in a format that is compatible with the records already in the file. Just look into the appenders for how to format specific data fields.
Your main concern will be with locking, most likely by other applications. Make sure all of the applications do not have an exclusive lock on the file and you should be fine. |
285,081 | Is there a way to write log4j logging events to a log file that is also being written to by other applications. The other applications could be non-java applications. What are the drawbacks? Locking issues? Formatting? | 2008/11/12 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/285081",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/18995/"
] | Log4j has a SocketAppender, which will send events to a service, which you can implement yourself or use the simple implementation bundled with Log4j.
It also supports syslogd and the Windows event log, which may be useful in trying to unify your log output with events from non-Java applications.
If performance is an issue at all, you want a single service writing the log file, rather than trying to coordinate a consistent locking strategy among diverse logging applications. | I have a experience with the following two approaches:
1. Use database for logging instead of plain text file - it can be prohibitive because of performance issues, on the other hand it is very easy to analyze logs, create reports. Database takes care for all concurrency problems.
2. The other approach involves usage of JBoss server, which can be used to read logging information from other sources. JBoss can be run in the minimal configuration and thanks to that it is really lightweight (2 seconds startup time). Details can be found here <http://docs.jboss.org/process-guide/en/html/logging.html> (Logging to a Seperate Server). Log4J takes care of all locking/concurrency issues.
If you are not planning to use JBoss you can use the second approach as a base of your own logging solution. |
285,081 | Is there a way to write log4j logging events to a log file that is also being written to by other applications. The other applications could be non-java applications. What are the drawbacks? Locking issues? Formatting? | 2008/11/12 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/285081",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/18995/"
] | Log4j has a SocketAppender, which will send events to a service, which you can implement yourself or use the simple implementation bundled with Log4j.
It also supports syslogd and the Windows event log, which may be useful in trying to unify your log output with events from non-Java applications.
If performance is an issue at all, you want a single service writing the log file, rather than trying to coordinate a consistent locking strategy among diverse logging applications. | I don't think the default log4j appenders do any file locking or synchronization. Without such locking, you're likely to lose log messages or receive them mangled.
I'm not sure how easy it is to do file locking in Java, but to make this work directly, I think you would need to subclass the appropriate Appender and override the logging method, wrapping it with synchronization code that locks and unlocks the file. This might have performance implications, depending on your system load.
Log4perl has a synchronizing Appender, Log::Log4perl::Appender::Synchronized, which wraps an Appender and accomplishes this, and also seems to provide a flag in its Log::Log4perl::Appender::File that prevents interleaved lines. You might look at what those do to see if it could be replicable in Java. |
13,705 | Recently i stumbled upon a movie disc and on it was a movie called ["American guinea pigs".](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eVMGsfbNfo0)
It wasn't a typical funny horror story, it was a ultra realistic documentary style movie.
There was a woman laying on a table (tied to it) and she was surrounded by masked group who injected something into her.
Then her skin was removed from her neck and her calves were cut of in pieces.
I was shocked and i felt my heart pumping and i was about to faint. i stopped the movie and just waited for this rush to pass.
But i couldn't close the movie until i knew it is a movie not a real life event (if you have seen it you will know why, it is very real). So i played it again and dragged it manually to the end.
Then the carnage was followed by them chopping her arms and gutting her. I couldn't take anymore so i skipped to the end.
Just like all the movies this had a clip from the sequel too.
It was a new born baby and a little boy on the table this time, i was too traumatized to remember but the text below meant that this would be the sequel.
This was hard for me and my mind burst into a sea of emotions and it kept reminding me the equally disturbing real life events i unfortunately witnessed in my life. I had no other idea but to write them all down on a book.Now whenever i feel i'm loosing my edge with my still very young practice i read that book and somehow it immediately bring me back to mindfulness.
---
This was meant to be entertaining to some audience and someone knowingly gave her baby to be presented as the next pray to this. I know the world isn't alice's wonderland but i am left with some questions and i hope you can help me....
**1:- How do we understand this kind of sick entertainment in a Buddhist perspective (why do people enjoy this kind of things)?**
**2:- How to deal with this kind of emotional trauma?** | 2016/01/16 | [
"https://buddhism.stackexchange.com/questions/13705",
"https://buddhism.stackexchange.com",
"https://buddhism.stackexchange.com/users/7141/"
] | Know that they are only actors and don't watch it if it's going to traumatize you. Don't watch any movies unless you like distraction. | >
> 1:- How do we understand this kind of sick entertainment in a Buddhist perspective (why do people enjoy this kind of things)?
>
>
>
How do we understand this? As impermanent, not ultimately satisfactory, and void of any self.
Like all experience that make up samsara, giving rise to wanting or aversion to any of it is the seed for future suffering.
As you now see, your aversion to this is bringing you mental anguish. The path the Buddha taught is the middle way; equanimously moving through any and all experience, unmoved by even the most horrific of things.
Why do people enjoy this? They are delusional. The same reason anyone enjoys anything, they mistake it as being a source of happiness, failing to see the suffering latent in their grasping, and the manner in which this twists their mind and sets the stage for future becoming and suffering.
>
> 2:- How to deal with this kind of emotional trauma?
>
>
>
The Buddha taught the Four Noble Truths, and the Noble Eightfold path. This is the path that leads to the cessation of suffering. Through the practice of the Noble Eightfold Path, the practitioners mind becomes balanced and equanimous; able to discern the arising and ceasing of all phenomenon as it is, rather than giving rise to states of anger or greed towards it.
When traumatic memories arise, the meditator clearly sees "this is thinking";
if these memories give rise to sadness, the meditator clearly sees "this is sadness (or feeling). And as such, knowing all things as they are, the mind remains unperturbed. This practice is outlined in the [Satipatthana Sutta](http://www.wisdompubs.org/book/middle-length-discourses-buddha/selections/middle-length-discourses-10-satipatthana-sutta), [Magga-vibhanga Sutta](http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/sn/sn45/sn45.008.than.html), and [Dhammacakkappavattana Sutta](http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/sn/sn56/sn56.011.than.html).
You can also take refuge in the Buddha during times of distress, as illustrated in [SN2.9](http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/sn/sn02/sn02.009.piya.html) and [SN2.10](http://www.accesstoinsight.org/tipitaka/sn/sn02/sn02.010.piya.html)
The [four protective meditations](http://www.arrowriver.ca/dhamma/protmed.html), in particular recollection of the Buddha, may also be of use to you. I hope this helps out, be well friend.
As far as journaling goes, I think this can be a helpful tool for beginning meditators. Being able to write down experiences you otherwise have trouble accepting in meditation can allow you to "hold" these issues in your hand and read them, somewhat as a middle-ground between repressing them altogether and fully accepting them as they are in your mind.
So I would say, if you find this helps, then this is ok. Just so long as you do not become attached to this, dependent upon it, and averse to dealing with these things in your meditation.
In short, you have to stop using the training wheels at some point. So its important that you push yourself as far as you're able to, within reason, and do no become complacent. |
13,705 | Recently i stumbled upon a movie disc and on it was a movie called ["American guinea pigs".](https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eVMGsfbNfo0)
It wasn't a typical funny horror story, it was a ultra realistic documentary style movie.
There was a woman laying on a table (tied to it) and she was surrounded by masked group who injected something into her.
Then her skin was removed from her neck and her calves were cut of in pieces.
I was shocked and i felt my heart pumping and i was about to faint. i stopped the movie and just waited for this rush to pass.
But i couldn't close the movie until i knew it is a movie not a real life event (if you have seen it you will know why, it is very real). So i played it again and dragged it manually to the end.
Then the carnage was followed by them chopping her arms and gutting her. I couldn't take anymore so i skipped to the end.
Just like all the movies this had a clip from the sequel too.
It was a new born baby and a little boy on the table this time, i was too traumatized to remember but the text below meant that this would be the sequel.
This was hard for me and my mind burst into a sea of emotions and it kept reminding me the equally disturbing real life events i unfortunately witnessed in my life. I had no other idea but to write them all down on a book.Now whenever i feel i'm loosing my edge with my still very young practice i read that book and somehow it immediately bring me back to mindfulness.
---
This was meant to be entertaining to some audience and someone knowingly gave her baby to be presented as the next pray to this. I know the world isn't alice's wonderland but i am left with some questions and i hope you can help me....
**1:- How do we understand this kind of sick entertainment in a Buddhist perspective (why do people enjoy this kind of things)?**
**2:- How to deal with this kind of emotional trauma?** | 2016/01/16 | [
"https://buddhism.stackexchange.com/questions/13705",
"https://buddhism.stackexchange.com",
"https://buddhism.stackexchange.com/users/7141/"
] | Know that they are only actors and don't watch it if it's going to traumatize you. Don't watch any movies unless you like distraction. | >
> How do we understand this kind of sick entertainment in a Buddhist perspective (why do people enjoy this kind of things)?
>
>
>
I don't enjoy that kind of thing (i.e. "horror movies"), so I don't ever watch them and don't have to think about them.
It might be a bit like asking, "how do we understand drug addiction?" and one answer is that most people aren't in an environment where they need to understand that: because they don't expose themselves to it.
For a slightly similar reason to avoiding horror movies (i.e. in order to avoid their emotional contagion) I would prefer to *read* news articles, than listen to newscasters narrate news stories on television.
I'm not sure that Buddhism *has* explanation for people enjoying this kind of thing. A partial conventional explanation might be that some people become habituated or tolerant. Someone who enjoyed it to begin with, and who then watched horror movies for another 20 years, might grow to tolerate (or enjoy) more horror (or simulated horror) than someone else with less experience of the genre: like someone who's been alcoholic for 20 years might tolerate a larger dose of alcohol than a 'normal' person could.
Or maybe they learn to control their horror, see the movie as unreal, and have enough experience to say, "It's just a movie, clever cinematography, I wonder how then produced those special effects".
>
> How to deal with this kind of emotional trauma?
>
>
>
You wrote, "equally disturbing real life events I unfortunately witnessed in my life", which I haven't witnessed so I'm not an expert. If you meant it literally (I hope you didn't) it could be a question for you to ask a responsible professional e.g. your medical doctor.
My guess is that one component of post-traumatic stress is a kind of *dukkha*, i.e. thinking something like, "I wish that had not happened, that should not have happened, that was morally wrong, they were wrong, or I was wrong, or etc."
One of the therapies for post-traumatic stress (as it, i.e. the therapy, is taught in non-Buddhist circles in the West) consists of training the victim to remain mindful of the present. For example, perhaps you've been attacked while you were in the shower and now you have "flash-backs" when you're showering: one form of therapy encourages you to remain conscious of *this* shower which is happening now, which is normal and safe and under your control (I haven't had that training/therapy myself but perhaps it means to stay conscious of your five senses e.g. what you see and hear and feel now, as an antidote or alternative to getting lost in the sixth sense of mind-ideas and memories).
Perhaps the parallel between that and Buddhist meditation is clear.
Another form of suffering that can afflict a victim with PTSD might be an inability to forgive the aggressor (e.g. "I hate him because he did that to me"). To deal with this kind of trauma, Buddhism might recommend *metta* and/or *anatta* (and [*averena*, non-hatred](http://www.tipitaka.net/tipitaka/dhp/verseload.php?verse=005)). |
49,486 | [According](https://www.thejournal.ie/donald-trump-north-korea-2-3707741-Nov2017/) to some news reports:
>
> The designation of state sponsor of terror was removed from North Korea by President George W. Bush in 2008. North Korea was named among the ‘axis of evil’ countries allegedly supporting terror that were named by Bush in his 2002 State of the Union address.
>
>
>
What were the (stated) reasons of the Bush administration for removing NK from the sponsors of terror list? (Side note: Trump reinstated NK to the list in 2017.) | 2020/01/16 | [
"https://politics.stackexchange.com/questions/49486",
"https://politics.stackexchange.com",
"https://politics.stackexchange.com/users/18373/"
] | The reason(s) can be gleaned from the previous year's [Country Reports on Terrorism](https://2001-2009.state.gov/s/ct/rls/crt/2006/82736.htm), released (regularly) by the State Department. Basically, it says that (1) NK hadn't sponsored a terrorist attack in a long time (it happened to be a 20 years anniversary) and (2) the US had formally committed to [at least envisaging] this step as part of the nuclear deal then pursued.
>
> The Democratic People's Republic of Korea (DPRK) was not known to have sponsored any terrorist acts since the bombing of a Korean Airlines flight in 1987. The DPRK continued to harbor four Japanese Red Army members who participated in a jet hijacking in 1970. The Japanese government continued to seek a full accounting of the fate of the 12 Japanese nationals believed to have been abducted by DPRK state entities; five such abductees have been repatriated to Japan since 2002. In the February 13, 2007 Initial Actions Agreement, the United States agreed to "begin the process of removing the designation of the DPRK as a state-sponsor of terrorism."
>
>
>
The [full text](https://www.mofa.go.jp/region/asia-paci/n_korea/6party/action0702.html) of the latter agreement can be found (nowadays) only a Japanese official site (they were part of the six participants). In return (for this a quite a few other carrots) NK promised to fully renounce its nuclear programs:
>
> [...] includes provision by the DPRK of a complete declaration of all nuclear programs and disablement of all existing nuclear facilities, including graphite-moderated reactors and reprocessing plant [...]
>
>
>
which of course they didn't do... Wikipedia has a longer article on the [six party talks](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Six-party_talks) and how they eventually flopped. Basically the NK issued a declaration of programs that the US said was incomplete, and so it didn't release the aid promised (among the carrots). In response NK resumed missile and nuclear tests... as well a military confrontation with South Korea.
Of some interest in regard to the terrorism designation, the Obama administration [decided](https://www.voanews.com/east-asia/us-north-korean-ship-attack-violated-armistice-not-act-terrorism) that the subsequent [mostly naval] confrontations with South Korea were purely military, and thus did not add NK back to the terrorism list. Trump added NK back to the list after the assassination (with the nerve agent VX) of Kim Jong-Nam in Malaysia; at least assassination(s) abroad were mentioned in the Trump statement:
>
> “In addition to threatening the world by nuclear devastation, North Korea repeatedly supported acts of international terrorism including assassinations on foreign soil,” Trump said.
>
>
> | Looks like another entry in the fool's game of *we'll-be-nice-to-you-if-you-stop-your-nukes* with NK.
Google *"bush north korea terrorism remove nuclear 2008"* and you'll find hits right away. A fair bit of hits are behind paywalls or nagwalls though.
[Financial Times 2008](https://www.ft.com/content/90e15f8c-970d-11dd-8cc4-000077b07658)
[wikipedia](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North_Korea%E2%80%93United_States_relations)
>
> In early June 2008, the United States agreed to start lifting restrictions after North Korea began the disarming process. President Bush announced he would remove North Korea from the list of state sponsors of terrorism after North Korea released a 60-page declaration of its nuclear activities. Shortly thereafter North Korean officials released video of the demolition of the nuclear reactor at Yongbyon, considered a symbol of North Korea's nuclear program. The Bush administration praised the progress, but was criticized by many, including some within the administration, for settling for too little. The document released said nothing about alleged uranium enrichment programs or nuclear proliferation to other countries
>
>
> |
39,563,738 | I am using IntelliJ IDEA 2016.2.3 (normal x64 IDE, not Android Studio) on windows 10, with 1.8 JDK.
I have set up a libgdx project with android and desktop modules.
When trying to run Desktop:Run, Android:Run is also executed beforehand.
I have checked the build file in the main project folder, as well as the modules Core, Android, and Desktop.
Android is not specified as a dependency of Desktop.
Weirdly, If I open a completely unrelated project (though it has a similar project structure) in a separate window, I can suddenly execute Desktop:Run normally for the primary project
.
The projects do not rely on each-other, so I am guessing that the gradle wrapper is borrowing settings from the second unrelated project when trying to execute tasks for the original project.
Completely confused here...any ideas what is going on?
(note: I can provide gradle config files, but I have checked each of them against a functioning project using the Notepad++ Compare-plugin, and there are no differences in the gradle .build files. It must be a configuration set in the IDE but I am not sure where to look.) | 2016/09/19 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/39563738",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/6767945/"
] | Ok...it seems that while I used to be able to simply specify "run" as the task in the run configuration, this is no longer working, and I must fully define the task name: ":Desktop:run" | Specifying ":desktop:run" in the LibGDX project run configuration, in place of "run" worked for me too.
This appears to be tracked in IntelliJ's tracker under this issue: <https://youtrack.jetbrains.com/issue/IDEA-160189> |
7,529,732 | I want to start developing in an MVC framework, specifically CakePHP.
I see they have released 2.0.0-RC2 and was wondering if it is a waste of time to start an app in 1.3 when 2.0 is right around the corner. Should I start learning and developing in 2.0-RC2 rather as I'm guessing most of what I will learn in 1.3 now might become redundant soon?
Thank you. | 2011/09/23 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/7529732",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/383624/"
] | I would advise against starting on a Release Candidate when you are new to the platform or programming pattern - mostly because you won't know the difference between broken/missing functionality and your lack of knowledge.
Start with the stable build, then move to the new hotness once it has an official release. | For now, you can start learning CakePHP 1.3. There is official [documentation](http://book.cakephp.org/) from where you can start and also you have a lot of examples on internet. When CakePHP 2.0 come stable you will be ready to work with it. |
7,529,732 | I want to start developing in an MVC framework, specifically CakePHP.
I see they have released 2.0.0-RC2 and was wondering if it is a waste of time to start an app in 1.3 when 2.0 is right around the corner. Should I start learning and developing in 2.0-RC2 rather as I'm guessing most of what I will learn in 1.3 now might become redundant soon?
Thank you. | 2011/09/23 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/7529732",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/383624/"
] | I would advise against starting on a Release Candidate when you are new to the platform or programming pattern - mostly because you won't know the difference between broken/missing functionality and your lack of knowledge.
Start with the stable build, then move to the new hotness once it has an official release. | I would start with CakePHP 2.0.0-RC2 as CakePHP 2.0 is the future of CakePHP. CakePHP 1.3.x is outdated in my opinion as it is still PHP4-based...
For documentation, see the cookbook for CakePHP 2.0: <http://book.cakephp.org/2.0/en/> . And if there are questions, ask in the IRC channel, or post in the Google group (or here), and/or read the source code. |
7,529,732 | I want to start developing in an MVC framework, specifically CakePHP.
I see they have released 2.0.0-RC2 and was wondering if it is a waste of time to start an app in 1.3 when 2.0 is right around the corner. Should I start learning and developing in 2.0-RC2 rather as I'm guessing most of what I will learn in 1.3 now might become redundant soon?
Thank you. | 2011/09/23 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/7529732",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/383624/"
] | I would advise against starting on a Release Candidate when you are new to the platform or programming pattern - mostly because you won't know the difference between broken/missing functionality and your lack of knowledge.
Start with the stable build, then move to the new hotness once it has an official release. | Well .. first of all , i would recommend against use of php frameworks before you have learned enough to understand how they work.
But especially large distance should be kept from Cake and other Ruby on Rails clones in PHP. They all are filled with bad practices, and it is **not** MVC pattern which they are implementing. |
7,529,732 | I want to start developing in an MVC framework, specifically CakePHP.
I see they have released 2.0.0-RC2 and was wondering if it is a waste of time to start an app in 1.3 when 2.0 is right around the corner. Should I start learning and developing in 2.0-RC2 rather as I'm guessing most of what I will learn in 1.3 now might become redundant soon?
Thank you. | 2011/09/23 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/7529732",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/383624/"
] | For now, you can start learning CakePHP 1.3. There is official [documentation](http://book.cakephp.org/) from where you can start and also you have a lot of examples on internet. When CakePHP 2.0 come stable you will be ready to work with it. | I would start with CakePHP 2.0.0-RC2 as CakePHP 2.0 is the future of CakePHP. CakePHP 1.3.x is outdated in my opinion as it is still PHP4-based...
For documentation, see the cookbook for CakePHP 2.0: <http://book.cakephp.org/2.0/en/> . And if there are questions, ask in the IRC channel, or post in the Google group (or here), and/or read the source code. |
7,529,732 | I want to start developing in an MVC framework, specifically CakePHP.
I see they have released 2.0.0-RC2 and was wondering if it is a waste of time to start an app in 1.3 when 2.0 is right around the corner. Should I start learning and developing in 2.0-RC2 rather as I'm guessing most of what I will learn in 1.3 now might become redundant soon?
Thank you. | 2011/09/23 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/7529732",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/383624/"
] | Well .. first of all , i would recommend against use of php frameworks before you have learned enough to understand how they work.
But especially large distance should be kept from Cake and other Ruby on Rails clones in PHP. They all are filled with bad practices, and it is **not** MVC pattern which they are implementing. | I would start with CakePHP 2.0.0-RC2 as CakePHP 2.0 is the future of CakePHP. CakePHP 1.3.x is outdated in my opinion as it is still PHP4-based...
For documentation, see the cookbook for CakePHP 2.0: <http://book.cakephp.org/2.0/en/> . And if there are questions, ask in the IRC channel, or post in the Google group (or here), and/or read the source code. |
76,474 | It seems that making edits, annotations, or even just opening and saving a PDF file in Preview will cause a significant increase in file size. I've noticed that for some books I've scanned this also happens to improve page rendering time.
Can anyone shed some light as to what is going on to cause these changes? I am interested in synching annotations of PDF ebooks between Preview and the iPad (maybe GoodReader) but this may be too impractical with large PDF files. | 2013/01/01 | [
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/76474",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/users/28635/"
] | I know this is quite late, but I have found something that seems to work, at least if used initially: I've tried using the Quartz filter to "Reduce File Size." It seems to work but is not on by default. I can specifically choose it via the Save As menu (hold Option), but am worried that it defaults to the usual method on the autosaves.
Here is what is happening for me and how I got to this page in the first place:
The PDF starts out as a 91MB 900 page book. I add a single annotation and save it and the file jumps up to 2.29GB. To top it off, it takes forever to save, especially since I'm saving to an external drive. Thank goodness the drive is USB 3!
Is there anyway to extract these annotations? I can annotate and highlight on Goodreader and PDF Expert on my iPad. If Preview can't allow me to do this on my computer, is there any other app that will? Why can't it just save the annotations/highlights but not try to recompress all the pictures like I'm resaving a JPEG each time. Thanks for the help! | The problem remains a serious one. In Preview 7.0 (Mac Os 10.9.5.) I generated a pdf using Acrobat 9.5.5. that resulted in a 5 MB file. In Preview I added exactly 12 characters (using the edit tools). After saving this file it balooned to 14 MB.
You can fix it by opening and saving again in Acrobat (may have to use the "reduce file size" option). |
76,474 | It seems that making edits, annotations, or even just opening and saving a PDF file in Preview will cause a significant increase in file size. I've noticed that for some books I've scanned this also happens to improve page rendering time.
Can anyone shed some light as to what is going on to cause these changes? I am interested in synching annotations of PDF ebooks between Preview and the iPad (maybe GoodReader) but this may be too impractical with large PDF files. | 2013/01/01 | [
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/76474",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/users/28635/"
] | The problem remains a serious one. In Preview 7.0 (Mac Os 10.9.5.) I generated a pdf using Acrobat 9.5.5. that resulted in a 5 MB file. In Preview I added exactly 12 characters (using the edit tools). After saving this file it balooned to 14 MB.
You can fix it by opening and saving again in Acrobat (may have to use the "reduce file size" option). | Can't add clues to the solution. I can add a similar scenario (OS X 10.11.3): a scanned pdf weighing in at ~800kb is opened in preview, a couple of empty scanned paged are deleted, the resulting, two-page shorter pdf is ~2,2Mb. "Option-Save as" and selecting the "reduce file size" quartz filter compresses the file down to... 1,9Mb.
The original file has been generated by a Xerox WC 7830 copier, which in my experience (compared to previous multi-function printer/copier machines we had) produces quite well-optimized scanned pdf's.
Cannot see any difference in the file, visually; I'd *guess* the page images are being recompressed in 24bpp, whereas the original file is cleary using much less colour-depth, likely 6-bit (it's a printed and signed document, text only, the scanner makes a good job of keeping the white background pure white). Sadly, Preview is not clever enough to detect and maintain this, and seems to need to recompress the whole file although no changes are made in the remaining pages (again, only a couple of pages have been deleted. |
76,474 | It seems that making edits, annotations, or even just opening and saving a PDF file in Preview will cause a significant increase in file size. I've noticed that for some books I've scanned this also happens to improve page rendering time.
Can anyone shed some light as to what is going on to cause these changes? I am interested in synching annotations of PDF ebooks between Preview and the iPad (maybe GoodReader) but this may be too impractical with large PDF files. | 2013/01/01 | [
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/76474",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/users/28635/"
] | I know this is quite late, but I have found something that seems to work, at least if used initially: I've tried using the Quartz filter to "Reduce File Size." It seems to work but is not on by default. I can specifically choose it via the Save As menu (hold Option), but am worried that it defaults to the usual method on the autosaves.
Here is what is happening for me and how I got to this page in the first place:
The PDF starts out as a 91MB 900 page book. I add a single annotation and save it and the file jumps up to 2.29GB. To top it off, it takes forever to save, especially since I'm saving to an external drive. Thank goodness the drive is USB 3!
Is there anyway to extract these annotations? I can annotate and highlight on Goodreader and PDF Expert on my iPad. If Preview can't allow me to do this on my computer, is there any other app that will? Why can't it just save the annotations/highlights but not try to recompress all the pictures like I'm resaving a JPEG each time. Thanks for the help! | Can't add clues to the solution. I can add a similar scenario (OS X 10.11.3): a scanned pdf weighing in at ~800kb is opened in preview, a couple of empty scanned paged are deleted, the resulting, two-page shorter pdf is ~2,2Mb. "Option-Save as" and selecting the "reduce file size" quartz filter compresses the file down to... 1,9Mb.
The original file has been generated by a Xerox WC 7830 copier, which in my experience (compared to previous multi-function printer/copier machines we had) produces quite well-optimized scanned pdf's.
Cannot see any difference in the file, visually; I'd *guess* the page images are being recompressed in 24bpp, whereas the original file is cleary using much less colour-depth, likely 6-bit (it's a printed and signed document, text only, the scanner makes a good job of keeping the white background pure white). Sadly, Preview is not clever enough to detect and maintain this, and seems to need to recompress the whole file although no changes are made in the remaining pages (again, only a couple of pages have been deleted. |
429 | I would like to learn a bit about the first games that were ever played on a computer-like device.
It may be a digital computer, a console, an embedded chip or micro-controller or even something semi-mechanical.
The game itself has to be a software program and should not be hard-wired into the device. If the game program is fixed to a device, but existing in any kind of (at least once) writable memory (flash, [[E]E]PROM, ...) that would count as well. | 2016/05/09 | [
"https://retrocomputing.stackexchange.com/questions/429",
"https://retrocomputing.stackexchange.com",
"https://retrocomputing.stackexchange.com/users/128/"
] | Given your restrictions, the earliest computer game I can find is an implementation of checkers for the [Pilot ACE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilot_ACE), written in 1951 and debugged to the point of working in 1952.
Other candidates are checkers for the [IBM 701](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_701) (1952 again), and [OXO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OXO) for the [EDSAC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_delay_storage_automatic_calculator), written in 1952 by Alexander Douglas as part of his thesis on human-computer interaction.
Anything earlier isn't likely to meet your "not hard-wired" requirement, since that's about the timeframe when computers were shifting from plugboard programming to stored-program soft-coding. [Bertie the Brain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertie_the_Brain) (1950) and [Nimrod](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nimrod_(computing)) (1951), for example, were both hard-wired. | Although Mark's post probably is the correct answer (first non-hardwired game) the first home video game console is the [Magnavox Odyssey](http://www.magnavox-odyssey.com/):
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/7gJLGm.png)
>
> The Magnavox Odyssey and the whole idea of playing a video game on a television set was invented by a man named Ralph H Baer. Mr Baer first thought of the idea of building an " interactive game " displayed on a TV in 1951 when he worked with designing and building television sets at Loral Electronics, but no one at Loral showed any interest in the idea and so, Mr Bear put the idea to rest for 15 years.
> ...
> Then on January 27th 1972 the videogame industry was born. On that date Magnavox begun the production of the [Odyssey ITL 200](http://www.magnavox-odyssey.com/) and it was available for sale in May that same year.
>
>
>
There were at least 28 [game cartridges](http://www.magnavox-odyssey.com/Standard%20games.htm) of which 12 were shipped with the console.
---
Edit: as commented by @Jasen the cartridge were hard-wired (see [the scheme](http://console5.com/wiki/File:Magnavox-Odyssey-1TL200BK12-Schematic.png)). |
429 | I would like to learn a bit about the first games that were ever played on a computer-like device.
It may be a digital computer, a console, an embedded chip or micro-controller or even something semi-mechanical.
The game itself has to be a software program and should not be hard-wired into the device. If the game program is fixed to a device, but existing in any kind of (at least once) writable memory (flash, [[E]E]PROM, ...) that would count as well. | 2016/05/09 | [
"https://retrocomputing.stackexchange.com/questions/429",
"https://retrocomputing.stackexchange.com",
"https://retrocomputing.stackexchange.com/users/128/"
] | Given your restrictions, the earliest computer game I can find is an implementation of checkers for the [Pilot ACE](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilot_ACE), written in 1951 and debugged to the point of working in 1952.
Other candidates are checkers for the [IBM 701](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBM_701) (1952 again), and [OXO](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OXO) for the [EDSAC](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronic_delay_storage_automatic_calculator), written in 1952 by Alexander Douglas as part of his thesis on human-computer interaction.
Anything earlier isn't likely to meet your "not hard-wired" requirement, since that's about the timeframe when computers were shifting from plugboard programming to stored-program soft-coding. [Bertie the Brain](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bertie_the_Brain) (1950) and [Nimrod](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nimrod_(computing)) (1951), for example, were both hard-wired. | If you're thinking of interactive realtime games using some kind of visual representation (so, this is essentially excluding turn-based games), it's probably Spacewar! for the DEC PDP-1 (MIT, Steve Russell et al., 1961/62).
See <http://www.masswerk.at/spacewar/> (online emulation)
See also "The Origin of Spacewar" by J.M. Graetz: <http://www.masswerk.at/spacewar/SpacewarOrigin.html> |
429 | I would like to learn a bit about the first games that were ever played on a computer-like device.
It may be a digital computer, a console, an embedded chip or micro-controller or even something semi-mechanical.
The game itself has to be a software program and should not be hard-wired into the device. If the game program is fixed to a device, but existing in any kind of (at least once) writable memory (flash, [[E]E]PROM, ...) that would count as well. | 2016/05/09 | [
"https://retrocomputing.stackexchange.com/questions/429",
"https://retrocomputing.stackexchange.com",
"https://retrocomputing.stackexchange.com/users/128/"
] | Although Mark's post probably is the correct answer (first non-hardwired game) the first home video game console is the [Magnavox Odyssey](http://www.magnavox-odyssey.com/):
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/7gJLGm.png)
>
> The Magnavox Odyssey and the whole idea of playing a video game on a television set was invented by a man named Ralph H Baer. Mr Baer first thought of the idea of building an " interactive game " displayed on a TV in 1951 when he worked with designing and building television sets at Loral Electronics, but no one at Loral showed any interest in the idea and so, Mr Bear put the idea to rest for 15 years.
> ...
> Then on January 27th 1972 the videogame industry was born. On that date Magnavox begun the production of the [Odyssey ITL 200](http://www.magnavox-odyssey.com/) and it was available for sale in May that same year.
>
>
>
There were at least 28 [game cartridges](http://www.magnavox-odyssey.com/Standard%20games.htm) of which 12 were shipped with the console.
---
Edit: as commented by @Jasen the cartridge were hard-wired (see [the scheme](http://console5.com/wiki/File:Magnavox-Odyssey-1TL200BK12-Schematic.png)). | If you're thinking of interactive realtime games using some kind of visual representation (so, this is essentially excluding turn-based games), it's probably Spacewar! for the DEC PDP-1 (MIT, Steve Russell et al., 1961/62).
See <http://www.masswerk.at/spacewar/> (online emulation)
See also "The Origin of Spacewar" by J.M. Graetz: <http://www.masswerk.at/spacewar/SpacewarOrigin.html> |
36,201,004 | I want to use a many-to-many relation between System & Device. I want the system to know its devices order.
I've seen [here](https://stackoverflow.com/a/26058223/1028741) that I can do it using @OrderColumn.
How can I do it using hibernate xml configuration instead of annotation? | 2016/03/24 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/36201004",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1028741/"
] | If you're using Hibernate you could try with
sort="unsorted|natural|comparatorClass"
order-by="column\_name asc|desc"
as attributes of your relatonship declaration | @OrderColumn is the JPA annotation introduced in JPA 2.0. This works as an additional feature if we work hibernate through JPA. There is no equivalent replacement in hibernate who work with hibernate directly. |
201,880 | Similar: [How was programming done 20 years ago?](https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/58186/how-was-programming-done-20-years-ago)
[OOP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object-oriented_programming) is quite fashionable nowadays, having its roots in [Simula 67](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simula) in the 1960s, and later made popular by [Smalltalk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smalltalk) and [C++](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C++). We have DRY, SOLID, many books about design patterns in the object-oriented world.
*But what were the main principles in programming prior to the OOP paradigm wide adoption? And what were the major design patterns?* | 2013/06/18 | [
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/201880",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/users/54268/"
] | "Design patterns" in software didn't exist in the era you talk about, because the concept hadn't been invented. This is not me being flippant - it actually *is* the reason; being called a recognizable name is what makes a Design pattern a "Design pattern" rather than just code that you keep using in one form or another (e.g. a "Factory" rather than "the kind of static class that I like to use rather than an assortment of constructors") and the concept itself is no exception.
That said, of course there were things that fulfilled exactly the same role in the work of practitioners as design patterns do now. But you'll be disappointed in hearing about them: typical "trick of the gurus" in those days were things that are quite boring to us now - e.g. singly-linked lists, loops controlled by an index incremented on each iteration, clever "accessor" methods that seem to do nothing but give you leeway in changing your mind about implementation details later.
That's right, things that we now take for granted - that are sometimes even part of the languages we use - used to be advanced (and sometimes jealously guarded) concepts known only by more experienced coders. Chances are, almost everything not utterly trivial that you learn in a basic programming course today went through a phase where it was the moral equivalent to a "Design pattern" to the practitioners of the age. Software construction may not be a rigorous engineering discipline yet, but if you study the state of the art of the 50s and 60s, you can't deny that it has come an *enormous* way since its beginnings. | Since nobody has mentioned the obvious one yet: one big design pattern in the procedural era was Object. Like many popular design patterns before (e.g. Subroutine) and after (e.g. Iterator), it became so popular that it even got language support. |
201,880 | Similar: [How was programming done 20 years ago?](https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/58186/how-was-programming-done-20-years-ago)
[OOP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object-oriented_programming) is quite fashionable nowadays, having its roots in [Simula 67](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simula) in the 1960s, and later made popular by [Smalltalk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smalltalk) and [C++](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C++). We have DRY, SOLID, many books about design patterns in the object-oriented world.
*But what were the main principles in programming prior to the OOP paradigm wide adoption? And what were the major design patterns?* | 2013/06/18 | [
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/201880",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/users/54268/"
] | I was a Cobol developer before I learned Java. I've developed for over 35 years.
Back in the days of procedural languages, most of the processing was done in batch. Go back far enough in history, and even program compilation was done with a deck of punch cards in batch.
Contrary to Kilian Foth's [assertion](https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/a/201881/7860), we had design patterns back in the 1970's and 1980's. There was a certain way to code a multi-file match/merge in Cobol. There was a certain way to code adding transactions to the master (tape) file in Cobol. There was a certain way to code report generation in Cobol. That's why IBM's Report Writer never really gained traction in a lot of Cobol shops.
There was an early application of the DRY principle. Create lots of paragraphs so you don't repeat yourself. Structured coding techniques were developed in the 1970's and Cobol added structured words (verbs) to the language in 1985.
Generally, when we wrote a new Cobol program, we copied an old Cobol program and changed the names to protect the innocent. We almost never coded a Cobol program from a blank sheet of paper or a blank screen. That's a big design pattern when you can copy and paste entire programs.
There were so many Cobol design patterns that it took years for a Cobol programmer to learn them all. That's one reason that the Cobol programmers today are, for the most part, still using 1985 syntax. | The previous big paradigm was [structured programming](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structured_programming). Instead of UML, there were a variety of different diagrams (flow charts, data-flow diagrams, structure charts, etc). Development was mostly top-down, and followed a process of functional decomposition. One of the basic ideas was that your program structure should resemble a diamond: The main module at the top, fanning out into high-level control modules, which invoked routines in lower-level modules. These lower-level modules built on still lower-level modules, all of which (theoretically) eventually converged on a handful of basic I/O routines. High-level modules were supposed to contain the program logic, lower-level ones were more concerned with data integrity and error handling.
Important concepts introduced during this time were information hiding, modularity and high cohesion/low coupling. See the works of [Dave Parnas](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave_Parnas) for some seminal papers on these topics. Also check out the work of Larry Constantine, Tom DeMarco and Ed Yourdon. |
201,880 | Similar: [How was programming done 20 years ago?](https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/58186/how-was-programming-done-20-years-ago)
[OOP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object-oriented_programming) is quite fashionable nowadays, having its roots in [Simula 67](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simula) in the 1960s, and later made popular by [Smalltalk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smalltalk) and [C++](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C++). We have DRY, SOLID, many books about design patterns in the object-oriented world.
*But what were the main principles in programming prior to the OOP paradigm wide adoption? And what were the major design patterns?* | 2013/06/18 | [
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/201880",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/users/54268/"
] | "Design patterns" in software didn't exist in the era you talk about, because the concept hadn't been invented. This is not me being flippant - it actually *is* the reason; being called a recognizable name is what makes a Design pattern a "Design pattern" rather than just code that you keep using in one form or another (e.g. a "Factory" rather than "the kind of static class that I like to use rather than an assortment of constructors") and the concept itself is no exception.
That said, of course there were things that fulfilled exactly the same role in the work of practitioners as design patterns do now. But you'll be disappointed in hearing about them: typical "trick of the gurus" in those days were things that are quite boring to us now - e.g. singly-linked lists, loops controlled by an index incremented on each iteration, clever "accessor" methods that seem to do nothing but give you leeway in changing your mind about implementation details later.
That's right, things that we now take for granted - that are sometimes even part of the languages we use - used to be advanced (and sometimes jealously guarded) concepts known only by more experienced coders. Chances are, almost everything not utterly trivial that you learn in a basic programming course today went through a phase where it was the moral equivalent to a "Design pattern" to the practitioners of the age. Software construction may not be a rigorous engineering discipline yet, but if you study the state of the art of the 50s and 60s, you can't deny that it has come an *enormous* way since its beginnings. | A "finite state machine" may count as a Pattern, and FSMs were written (e.g. for communications protocols) using pre-OO languages.
Also "interrupt handlers" and [TSRs](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminate_and_stay_resident_program) used to be popular e.g. on DOS. |
201,880 | Similar: [How was programming done 20 years ago?](https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/58186/how-was-programming-done-20-years-ago)
[OOP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object-oriented_programming) is quite fashionable nowadays, having its roots in [Simula 67](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simula) in the 1960s, and later made popular by [Smalltalk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smalltalk) and [C++](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C++). We have DRY, SOLID, many books about design patterns in the object-oriented world.
*But what were the main principles in programming prior to the OOP paradigm wide adoption? And what were the major design patterns?* | 2013/06/18 | [
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/201880",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/users/54268/"
] | I was a Cobol developer before I learned Java. I've developed for over 35 years.
Back in the days of procedural languages, most of the processing was done in batch. Go back far enough in history, and even program compilation was done with a deck of punch cards in batch.
Contrary to Kilian Foth's [assertion](https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/a/201881/7860), we had design patterns back in the 1970's and 1980's. There was a certain way to code a multi-file match/merge in Cobol. There was a certain way to code adding transactions to the master (tape) file in Cobol. There was a certain way to code report generation in Cobol. That's why IBM's Report Writer never really gained traction in a lot of Cobol shops.
There was an early application of the DRY principle. Create lots of paragraphs so you don't repeat yourself. Structured coding techniques were developed in the 1970's and Cobol added structured words (verbs) to the language in 1985.
Generally, when we wrote a new Cobol program, we copied an old Cobol program and changed the names to protect the innocent. We almost never coded a Cobol program from a blank sheet of paper or a blank screen. That's a big design pattern when you can copy and paste entire programs.
There were so many Cobol design patterns that it took years for a Cobol programmer to learn them all. That's one reason that the Cobol programmers today are, for the most part, still using 1985 syntax. | Since nobody has mentioned the obvious one yet: one big design pattern in the procedural era was Object. Like many popular design patterns before (e.g. Subroutine) and after (e.g. Iterator), it became so popular that it even got language support. |
201,880 | Similar: [How was programming done 20 years ago?](https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/58186/how-was-programming-done-20-years-ago)
[OOP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object-oriented_programming) is quite fashionable nowadays, having its roots in [Simula 67](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simula) in the 1960s, and later made popular by [Smalltalk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smalltalk) and [C++](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C++). We have DRY, SOLID, many books about design patterns in the object-oriented world.
*But what were the main principles in programming prior to the OOP paradigm wide adoption? And what were the major design patterns?* | 2013/06/18 | [
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/201880",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/users/54268/"
] | Since nobody has mentioned the obvious one yet: one big design pattern in the procedural era was Object. Like many popular design patterns before (e.g. Subroutine) and after (e.g. Iterator), it became so popular that it even got language support. | Terms like "Spaghetti Code" and "Single Point of Exit" are actually throwbacks to that era. Nowadays we call code we don't like "spaghetti code", but really that's a reference to code tied together (badly) with GOTOs and JMPs.
(Today we suffer "ravioli code", in which the code is like a bunch of unrelated, tightly packaged classes, much like a plate of ravioli. However, some OO experts ask justifiably, "But isn't that what OO is supposed to look like?")
"Single Point of Exit" today is just a frustrating refactoring roadbump. A lot of devs I talk to haven't even heard of it, and are aghast when I explain it. But in the old days it meant don't jump out of a code block suddenly & into spaghetti code. Jump forward to the end of the logic, then exit gracefully.
Stretching my memory way, way back, I seem to remember that the idea of bundling code up into procedures was a big leap forward. The idea that you could package procedures into inter-operable, reusable Modules was kind of the Holy Grail of programming.
EDIT: "Self-modifying code" was also a pattern used notably on the original Doom. That's where the program would actually overwrite its instructions with faster instructions based on it's state. When I was a tyke taking a programming course at the Science Museum, my instructor warned us sternly, "Don't write self-modifying code!"
EDIT EDIT: However, before the Internet, word travelled a lot more slowly. The idea of implementing Algorithms and Data Structures used to be a much bigger deal. Today I do sort all the time without even knowing what sort I'm using. But back then you had to code it up yourself. I remember one article talking about programming challenges that used to take days that today we knock out in a half hour, or less. So really concious "algorithmic" and "data stucture" programming would probably be on the list, much more than today. |
201,880 | Similar: [How was programming done 20 years ago?](https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/58186/how-was-programming-done-20-years-ago)
[OOP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object-oriented_programming) is quite fashionable nowadays, having its roots in [Simula 67](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simula) in the 1960s, and later made popular by [Smalltalk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smalltalk) and [C++](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C++). We have DRY, SOLID, many books about design patterns in the object-oriented world.
*But what were the main principles in programming prior to the OOP paradigm wide adoption? And what were the major design patterns?* | 2013/06/18 | [
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/201880",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/users/54268/"
] | I was a Cobol developer before I learned Java. I've developed for over 35 years.
Back in the days of procedural languages, most of the processing was done in batch. Go back far enough in history, and even program compilation was done with a deck of punch cards in batch.
Contrary to Kilian Foth's [assertion](https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/a/201881/7860), we had design patterns back in the 1970's and 1980's. There was a certain way to code a multi-file match/merge in Cobol. There was a certain way to code adding transactions to the master (tape) file in Cobol. There was a certain way to code report generation in Cobol. That's why IBM's Report Writer never really gained traction in a lot of Cobol shops.
There was an early application of the DRY principle. Create lots of paragraphs so you don't repeat yourself. Structured coding techniques were developed in the 1970's and Cobol added structured words (verbs) to the language in 1985.
Generally, when we wrote a new Cobol program, we copied an old Cobol program and changed the names to protect the innocent. We almost never coded a Cobol program from a blank sheet of paper or a blank screen. That's a big design pattern when you can copy and paste entire programs.
There were so many Cobol design patterns that it took years for a Cobol programmer to learn them all. That's one reason that the Cobol programmers today are, for the most part, still using 1985 syntax. | A "finite state machine" may count as a Pattern, and FSMs were written (e.g. for communications protocols) using pre-OO languages.
Also "interrupt handlers" and [TSRs](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminate_and_stay_resident_program) used to be popular e.g. on DOS. |
201,880 | Similar: [How was programming done 20 years ago?](https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/58186/how-was-programming-done-20-years-ago)
[OOP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object-oriented_programming) is quite fashionable nowadays, having its roots in [Simula 67](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simula) in the 1960s, and later made popular by [Smalltalk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smalltalk) and [C++](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C++). We have DRY, SOLID, many books about design patterns in the object-oriented world.
*But what were the main principles in programming prior to the OOP paradigm wide adoption? And what were the major design patterns?* | 2013/06/18 | [
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/201880",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/users/54268/"
] | I suppose one large one (besides structured programming itself) was the concept of passing a handle around - in OO you have an object and it contains state and functionality. Back before OO, you'd have a load of independent functions, and you'd pass a handle to some state between them - a cookie if you like. This gave you OO principles without actually having OO.
You can see this a lot in old Win32 code, you'd pass in a HANDLE which would be an opaque type representing some state allocated in the Windows kernel. You could it yourself by passing a pointer to a struct you'd previously allocated as the first parameter to functions that operated on that data. | Terms like "Spaghetti Code" and "Single Point of Exit" are actually throwbacks to that era. Nowadays we call code we don't like "spaghetti code", but really that's a reference to code tied together (badly) with GOTOs and JMPs.
(Today we suffer "ravioli code", in which the code is like a bunch of unrelated, tightly packaged classes, much like a plate of ravioli. However, some OO experts ask justifiably, "But isn't that what OO is supposed to look like?")
"Single Point of Exit" today is just a frustrating refactoring roadbump. A lot of devs I talk to haven't even heard of it, and are aghast when I explain it. But in the old days it meant don't jump out of a code block suddenly & into spaghetti code. Jump forward to the end of the logic, then exit gracefully.
Stretching my memory way, way back, I seem to remember that the idea of bundling code up into procedures was a big leap forward. The idea that you could package procedures into inter-operable, reusable Modules was kind of the Holy Grail of programming.
EDIT: "Self-modifying code" was also a pattern used notably on the original Doom. That's where the program would actually overwrite its instructions with faster instructions based on it's state. When I was a tyke taking a programming course at the Science Museum, my instructor warned us sternly, "Don't write self-modifying code!"
EDIT EDIT: However, before the Internet, word travelled a lot more slowly. The idea of implementing Algorithms and Data Structures used to be a much bigger deal. Today I do sort all the time without even knowing what sort I'm using. But back then you had to code it up yourself. I remember one article talking about programming challenges that used to take days that today we knock out in a half hour, or less. So really concious "algorithmic" and "data stucture" programming would probably be on the list, much more than today. |
201,880 | Similar: [How was programming done 20 years ago?](https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/58186/how-was-programming-done-20-years-ago)
[OOP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object-oriented_programming) is quite fashionable nowadays, having its roots in [Simula 67](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simula) in the 1960s, and later made popular by [Smalltalk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smalltalk) and [C++](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C++). We have DRY, SOLID, many books about design patterns in the object-oriented world.
*But what were the main principles in programming prior to the OOP paradigm wide adoption? And what were the major design patterns?* | 2013/06/18 | [
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/201880",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/users/54268/"
] | I suppose one large one (besides structured programming itself) was the concept of passing a handle around - in OO you have an object and it contains state and functionality. Back before OO, you'd have a load of independent functions, and you'd pass a handle to some state between them - a cookie if you like. This gave you OO principles without actually having OO.
You can see this a lot in old Win32 code, you'd pass in a HANDLE which would be an opaque type representing some state allocated in the Windows kernel. You could it yourself by passing a pointer to a struct you'd previously allocated as the first parameter to functions that operated on that data. | A "finite state machine" may count as a Pattern, and FSMs were written (e.g. for communications protocols) using pre-OO languages.
Also "interrupt handlers" and [TSRs](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terminate_and_stay_resident_program) used to be popular e.g. on DOS. |
201,880 | Similar: [How was programming done 20 years ago?](https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/58186/how-was-programming-done-20-years-ago)
[OOP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object-oriented_programming) is quite fashionable nowadays, having its roots in [Simula 67](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simula) in the 1960s, and later made popular by [Smalltalk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smalltalk) and [C++](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C++). We have DRY, SOLID, many books about design patterns in the object-oriented world.
*But what were the main principles in programming prior to the OOP paradigm wide adoption? And what were the major design patterns?* | 2013/06/18 | [
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/201880",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/users/54268/"
] | "Design patterns" in software didn't exist in the era you talk about, because the concept hadn't been invented. This is not me being flippant - it actually *is* the reason; being called a recognizable name is what makes a Design pattern a "Design pattern" rather than just code that you keep using in one form or another (e.g. a "Factory" rather than "the kind of static class that I like to use rather than an assortment of constructors") and the concept itself is no exception.
That said, of course there were things that fulfilled exactly the same role in the work of practitioners as design patterns do now. But you'll be disappointed in hearing about them: typical "trick of the gurus" in those days were things that are quite boring to us now - e.g. singly-linked lists, loops controlled by an index incremented on each iteration, clever "accessor" methods that seem to do nothing but give you leeway in changing your mind about implementation details later.
That's right, things that we now take for granted - that are sometimes even part of the languages we use - used to be advanced (and sometimes jealously guarded) concepts known only by more experienced coders. Chances are, almost everything not utterly trivial that you learn in a basic programming course today went through a phase where it was the moral equivalent to a "Design pattern" to the practitioners of the age. Software construction may not be a rigorous engineering discipline yet, but if you study the state of the art of the 50s and 60s, you can't deny that it has come an *enormous* way since its beginnings. | Terms like "Spaghetti Code" and "Single Point of Exit" are actually throwbacks to that era. Nowadays we call code we don't like "spaghetti code", but really that's a reference to code tied together (badly) with GOTOs and JMPs.
(Today we suffer "ravioli code", in which the code is like a bunch of unrelated, tightly packaged classes, much like a plate of ravioli. However, some OO experts ask justifiably, "But isn't that what OO is supposed to look like?")
"Single Point of Exit" today is just a frustrating refactoring roadbump. A lot of devs I talk to haven't even heard of it, and are aghast when I explain it. But in the old days it meant don't jump out of a code block suddenly & into spaghetti code. Jump forward to the end of the logic, then exit gracefully.
Stretching my memory way, way back, I seem to remember that the idea of bundling code up into procedures was a big leap forward. The idea that you could package procedures into inter-operable, reusable Modules was kind of the Holy Grail of programming.
EDIT: "Self-modifying code" was also a pattern used notably on the original Doom. That's where the program would actually overwrite its instructions with faster instructions based on it's state. When I was a tyke taking a programming course at the Science Museum, my instructor warned us sternly, "Don't write self-modifying code!"
EDIT EDIT: However, before the Internet, word travelled a lot more slowly. The idea of implementing Algorithms and Data Structures used to be a much bigger deal. Today I do sort all the time without even knowing what sort I'm using. But back then you had to code it up yourself. I remember one article talking about programming challenges that used to take days that today we knock out in a half hour, or less. So really concious "algorithmic" and "data stucture" programming would probably be on the list, much more than today. |
201,880 | Similar: [How was programming done 20 years ago?](https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/58186/how-was-programming-done-20-years-ago)
[OOP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object-oriented_programming) is quite fashionable nowadays, having its roots in [Simula 67](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simula) in the 1960s, and later made popular by [Smalltalk](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Smalltalk) and [C++](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C++). We have DRY, SOLID, many books about design patterns in the object-oriented world.
*But what were the main principles in programming prior to the OOP paradigm wide adoption? And what were the major design patterns?* | 2013/06/18 | [
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/201880",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/users/54268/"
] | "Design patterns" in software didn't exist in the era you talk about, because the concept hadn't been invented. This is not me being flippant - it actually *is* the reason; being called a recognizable name is what makes a Design pattern a "Design pattern" rather than just code that you keep using in one form or another (e.g. a "Factory" rather than "the kind of static class that I like to use rather than an assortment of constructors") and the concept itself is no exception.
That said, of course there were things that fulfilled exactly the same role in the work of practitioners as design patterns do now. But you'll be disappointed in hearing about them: typical "trick of the gurus" in those days were things that are quite boring to us now - e.g. singly-linked lists, loops controlled by an index incremented on each iteration, clever "accessor" methods that seem to do nothing but give you leeway in changing your mind about implementation details later.
That's right, things that we now take for granted - that are sometimes even part of the languages we use - used to be advanced (and sometimes jealously guarded) concepts known only by more experienced coders. Chances are, almost everything not utterly trivial that you learn in a basic programming course today went through a phase where it was the moral equivalent to a "Design pattern" to the practitioners of the age. Software construction may not be a rigorous engineering discipline yet, but if you study the state of the art of the 50s and 60s, you can't deny that it has come an *enormous* way since its beginnings. | The previous big paradigm was [structured programming](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structured_programming). Instead of UML, there were a variety of different diagrams (flow charts, data-flow diagrams, structure charts, etc). Development was mostly top-down, and followed a process of functional decomposition. One of the basic ideas was that your program structure should resemble a diamond: The main module at the top, fanning out into high-level control modules, which invoked routines in lower-level modules. These lower-level modules built on still lower-level modules, all of which (theoretically) eventually converged on a handful of basic I/O routines. High-level modules were supposed to contain the program logic, lower-level ones were more concerned with data integrity and error handling.
Important concepts introduced during this time were information hiding, modularity and high cohesion/low coupling. See the works of [Dave Parnas](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave_Parnas) for some seminal papers on these topics. Also check out the work of Larry Constantine, Tom DeMarco and Ed Yourdon. |
14,974,628 | 1. What's the rate limit of graph api?
I have done a lot of searching and asking on the web. Some said 600calls/600secs, but I did not manage to find the official decalration of rate-limiting issues.
2. How long does graph api's access token expire?
No being able to find it anywhere | 2013/02/20 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/14974628",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/2090147/"
] | This limit is not mentioned anywhere in the documents. This limit is user specific i.e If u are making 600 calls in 600 secs for 1 or more tokens of a user. There can be a workaround by using tokens of different Apps but same user, if u need to make so many calls. | 1.I don't think there is any rate limit on the Graph API although they have some thresholds mentioned at **Facebook Platform Policies** stating
>
> If you exceed, or plan to exceed, any of the following thresholds please contact us as you may be subject to additional terms: (>5M MAU) or (>100M API calls per day) or (>50M impressions per day).
>
>
>
2.The access token (and not extended access token) has validity of 60 mins. You can also query [Facebook Token Debug API](https://developers.facebook.com/docs/howtos/login/debugging-access-tokens/) for the exact token expiration. Although Facebook mentions this short duration in a range of 1 to 2 hours [here](https://developers.facebook.com/docs/howtos/login/extending-tokens/), which can be used to [retrieve a extended access token](http://developers.facebook.com/docs/howtos/login/extending-tokens/) with validity of 60 days. |
40,882,040 | I am exploring grafana for my log management and system monitoring.
I found kibana is also used for same process.
I just don't know when to use kibana and when to use grafana and when to use zabbix? | 2016/11/30 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/40882040",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/4753991/"
] | **Zabbix** - complex monitoring solution including data gathering, data archiving (trends, compaction,...), visualizer with dashboards, alerting and some management support for alerts escalations. (have a look at [collectd](https://collectd.org/), [prometheus](https://prometheus.io/), [cacti](http://www.cacti.net/). They are all able to gather data)
**Grafana** - visualizer of data. It can read data at least from [prometheus](https://prometheus.io/), [graphite](https://graphiteapp.org/) and [elastics](https://www.elastic.co/). Its primary goal is to visualize things in user defined dashboards and correlate things from possibly various sources. You can for example see cpu load (float time serie data from prometheus for example) with nice [annotations](http://docs.grafana.org/reference/annotations/) referring to some special event in log file (loaded from elastics of course)
**Kibana** - visualization + analytics on logged data into [elastics](https://www.elastic.co/). Have a fast look at [kibana discover](https://www.elastic.co/guide/en/kibana/current/discover.html) to get idea. It is "must to have" tool when you need to search your logs (various services, various servers) in one place. | Zabbix is a monitoring solution, which works with active+passive agents, which can "measure" things on your systems.
Based on those measured values, you can take actions/alerting etc.
In addition, it plots nice graphs with disk/CPU etc. usage
Kibana/Grafana, on the other hand, do get the information from logs sent from your systems.
They do not actively monitor things and also alerting/messaging is not their main focus. (If possible at all...?)
They are, however, great at digging through all your log files.
So in short:
* Active/Passive Monitoring + Alterting = Zabbix
* Centralized metrics visualiser = Grafana/Kibana
It's not one or the other. You can combine them. |
299,858 | My son is learning English as a second language. Of course the phonetic alphabet is something they have to learn. Now he keeps telling me that it is a completely pointless endeavour, because he knows how to pronounce English words by instinct.
Of course, I want to prove him wrong. How do I find words which are hard to pronounce if you have never heard them ? | 2016/01/14 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/299858",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/155467/"
] | **Any word with silent letters is likely to be a trap.**
* *Answer* is one such; there are differences between *tongue* and *plague;* there is a difference between *timeline* and *Bakelite.* In fact, many names can be awkward — the classic example is *Featherstonehaugh* (pronounced *Fanshaw*).
**Words where the verb has the same spelling as the noun.**
* *Process, record, recess.* However *employ* has the stress on the second syllable for both cases, just to be difficult.
**Words where a collection of phonemes is compressed or omitted.**
* The *p* in *raspberry* disappears; *goose* in *gooseberry* is not the same as the bird.
**Words where a largely-obsolete pronunciation is retained.**
* *Bagged, gagged, nagged, sagged, tagged, wagged,* but compare *ragged*. Where that means "untidy" the separate *-ed* is retained; where it means "joshed, teased", it isn't. | There are thousands. Just off the top of my head ...
* *lead* (v), *led* (past tense of *lead*), *lead* (n), *lede* (n)
* *bedridden, bedraggled, bedroll*
* *house* (n), *house* (v), *lose* (v), *loose* (adj)
* *retake* (n), *retake* (v), *remake* (n), *remake* (v)
* *smooth* (adj), *smooth* (v), *thesis, these, theses*
**Afterthought**: I've found that kids can sometimes get motivated to learn phonemic notation
when they find out that most adult English speakers are totally clueless at it. In effect, it's a
secret language that kids are smart enough to learn, but adults pretty much are too dumb to learn.
For instance, consider [Good Night Moon](http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/modestproposal.pdf), which most American kids know by heart. |
299,858 | My son is learning English as a second language. Of course the phonetic alphabet is something they have to learn. Now he keeps telling me that it is a completely pointless endeavour, because he knows how to pronounce English words by instinct.
Of course, I want to prove him wrong. How do I find words which are hard to pronounce if you have never heard them ? | 2016/01/14 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/299858",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/155467/"
] | **Any word with silent letters is likely to be a trap.**
* *Answer* is one such; there are differences between *tongue* and *plague;* there is a difference between *timeline* and *Bakelite.* In fact, many names can be awkward — the classic example is *Featherstonehaugh* (pronounced *Fanshaw*).
**Words where the verb has the same spelling as the noun.**
* *Process, record, recess.* However *employ* has the stress on the second syllable for both cases, just to be difficult.
**Words where a collection of phonemes is compressed or omitted.**
* The *p* in *raspberry* disappears; *goose* in *gooseberry* is not the same as the bird.
**Words where a largely-obsolete pronunciation is retained.**
* *Bagged, gagged, nagged, sagged, tagged, wagged,* but compare *ragged*. Where that means "untidy" the separate *-ed* is retained; where it means "joshed, teased", it isn't. | For starters, how about all the words with 'ough' that can be pronounced half a dozen different ways? TOUGH, THROUGH, COUGH, DOUGH, THOUGHT, PLOUGH...
For the record, I believe learning phonetic pronunciation *can* be helpful, but it should be taught in conjunction with etymology so there is a fuller awareness of why things happen the way they happen in English. |
299,858 | My son is learning English as a second language. Of course the phonetic alphabet is something they have to learn. Now he keeps telling me that it is a completely pointless endeavour, because he knows how to pronounce English words by instinct.
Of course, I want to prove him wrong. How do I find words which are hard to pronounce if you have never heard them ? | 2016/01/14 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/299858",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/155467/"
] | There are thousands. Just off the top of my head ...
* *lead* (v), *led* (past tense of *lead*), *lead* (n), *lede* (n)
* *bedridden, bedraggled, bedroll*
* *house* (n), *house* (v), *lose* (v), *loose* (adj)
* *retake* (n), *retake* (v), *remake* (n), *remake* (v)
* *smooth* (adj), *smooth* (v), *thesis, these, theses*
**Afterthought**: I've found that kids can sometimes get motivated to learn phonemic notation
when they find out that most adult English speakers are totally clueless at it. In effect, it's a
secret language that kids are smart enough to learn, but adults pretty much are too dumb to learn.
For instance, consider [Good Night Moon](http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/modestproposal.pdf), which most American kids know by heart. | For starters, how about all the words with 'ough' that can be pronounced half a dozen different ways? TOUGH, THROUGH, COUGH, DOUGH, THOUGHT, PLOUGH...
For the record, I believe learning phonetic pronunciation *can* be helpful, but it should be taught in conjunction with etymology so there is a fuller awareness of why things happen the way they happen in English. |
299,858 | My son is learning English as a second language. Of course the phonetic alphabet is something they have to learn. Now he keeps telling me that it is a completely pointless endeavour, because he knows how to pronounce English words by instinct.
Of course, I want to prove him wrong. How do I find words which are hard to pronounce if you have never heard them ? | 2016/01/14 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/299858",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/155467/"
] | Some native speakers may say that they can pronounce any new word they see, but they can't. And so if us native speakers can't, neither can anyone else! A simple way to show that this claim isn't true even for native speakers is to take the letter cluster : -*ough*
This can have nine different pronunciations in English. Here are some example words and pronunciations:
* th**ough** /əʊ/
* thr**ough** /u:/
* th**ough**t /ɔ:/
* t**ough** /ʌf/
* thor**ough**/ə/
* b**ough** /aʊ/
* tr**ough** /ɒf/
* hiccup/ hicc**ough** /ʌp/
* l**ough** /ɒx/
So lets imagine that a native speaker sees a new word *crough*. How would they pronounce it? It's not possible to predict what a word like *crough* would sound like! It would be impossible!
Another fun thing is to look at heteronyms. These are word with the same spellings but different pronunciations. Here's a list of five heteronyms. Each written word corresponds to two different actual words with different pronunciations! If you see the word out of context, you can't know how to say it:
* read, read
* wind, wind
* lead, lead
* Polish, polish
* close, close
Get your son to try saying these words in the following phrases:
* I read the book yesterday
* I'll read the book tomorrow
* The wind, the sun and the stars
* Wind down the window
* lead piping
* lead a horse to water
* Polish food
* Polish the table
* close the door
* it's very close
If you can't say them differently from reading them, then you'll need to learn how these words sound! | There are thousands. Just off the top of my head ...
* *lead* (v), *led* (past tense of *lead*), *lead* (n), *lede* (n)
* *bedridden, bedraggled, bedroll*
* *house* (n), *house* (v), *lose* (v), *loose* (adj)
* *retake* (n), *retake* (v), *remake* (n), *remake* (v)
* *smooth* (adj), *smooth* (v), *thesis, these, theses*
**Afterthought**: I've found that kids can sometimes get motivated to learn phonemic notation
when they find out that most adult English speakers are totally clueless at it. In effect, it's a
secret language that kids are smart enough to learn, but adults pretty much are too dumb to learn.
For instance, consider [Good Night Moon](http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/modestproposal.pdf), which most American kids know by heart. |
299,858 | My son is learning English as a second language. Of course the phonetic alphabet is something they have to learn. Now he keeps telling me that it is a completely pointless endeavour, because he knows how to pronounce English words by instinct.
Of course, I want to prove him wrong. How do I find words which are hard to pronounce if you have never heard them ? | 2016/01/14 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/299858",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/155467/"
] | ðɪs ɪz ə letə ɪn fəni:mɪk skrɪpt ‖ ɪts wʌn θɪŋ tə bi eɪbl tə seɪ ə wɜ:b | bət ɪts ənʌðə tə bi eɪbl tə bi ʌndəstʊd
pəhæps | ju dʒəs ni:d tə meɪk ðə həʊl θɪŋ ə bɪp mɔ:r ɪntrestɪŋ | fə jə sʌn
fər ɪgzæmpl ‖ ju kʊd gɪv ɪm səm rɪdlz | ɔ: sm dʒəʊks
hɪəz ə dʒəʊk fə ju ‖
>
> waɪ wəz sɪks efreɪd əv sevn?
>
>
> bɪkəz sevn eɪt naɪn!
>
>
>
ɔ: ju kʊd dʒəs raɪt ɪm səm letəz ɪn fəni:mɪk skrɪpt ‖
aɪ həʊp ðæt helps ‖ gʊd lʌk | There are thousands. Just off the top of my head ...
* *lead* (v), *led* (past tense of *lead*), *lead* (n), *lede* (n)
* *bedridden, bedraggled, bedroll*
* *house* (n), *house* (v), *lose* (v), *loose* (adj)
* *retake* (n), *retake* (v), *remake* (n), *remake* (v)
* *smooth* (adj), *smooth* (v), *thesis, these, theses*
**Afterthought**: I've found that kids can sometimes get motivated to learn phonemic notation
when they find out that most adult English speakers are totally clueless at it. In effect, it's a
secret language that kids are smart enough to learn, but adults pretty much are too dumb to learn.
For instance, consider [Good Night Moon](http://www.umich.edu/~jlawler/modestproposal.pdf), which most American kids know by heart. |
299,858 | My son is learning English as a second language. Of course the phonetic alphabet is something they have to learn. Now he keeps telling me that it is a completely pointless endeavour, because he knows how to pronounce English words by instinct.
Of course, I want to prove him wrong. How do I find words which are hard to pronounce if you have never heard them ? | 2016/01/14 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/299858",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/155467/"
] | Some native speakers may say that they can pronounce any new word they see, but they can't. And so if us native speakers can't, neither can anyone else! A simple way to show that this claim isn't true even for native speakers is to take the letter cluster : -*ough*
This can have nine different pronunciations in English. Here are some example words and pronunciations:
* th**ough** /əʊ/
* thr**ough** /u:/
* th**ough**t /ɔ:/
* t**ough** /ʌf/
* thor**ough**/ə/
* b**ough** /aʊ/
* tr**ough** /ɒf/
* hiccup/ hicc**ough** /ʌp/
* l**ough** /ɒx/
So lets imagine that a native speaker sees a new word *crough*. How would they pronounce it? It's not possible to predict what a word like *crough* would sound like! It would be impossible!
Another fun thing is to look at heteronyms. These are word with the same spellings but different pronunciations. Here's a list of five heteronyms. Each written word corresponds to two different actual words with different pronunciations! If you see the word out of context, you can't know how to say it:
* read, read
* wind, wind
* lead, lead
* Polish, polish
* close, close
Get your son to try saying these words in the following phrases:
* I read the book yesterday
* I'll read the book tomorrow
* The wind, the sun and the stars
* Wind down the window
* lead piping
* lead a horse to water
* Polish food
* Polish the table
* close the door
* it's very close
If you can't say them differently from reading them, then you'll need to learn how these words sound! | For starters, how about all the words with 'ough' that can be pronounced half a dozen different ways? TOUGH, THROUGH, COUGH, DOUGH, THOUGHT, PLOUGH...
For the record, I believe learning phonetic pronunciation *can* be helpful, but it should be taught in conjunction with etymology so there is a fuller awareness of why things happen the way they happen in English. |
299,858 | My son is learning English as a second language. Of course the phonetic alphabet is something they have to learn. Now he keeps telling me that it is a completely pointless endeavour, because he knows how to pronounce English words by instinct.
Of course, I want to prove him wrong. How do I find words which are hard to pronounce if you have never heard them ? | 2016/01/14 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/299858",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/155467/"
] | ðɪs ɪz ə letə ɪn fəni:mɪk skrɪpt ‖ ɪts wʌn θɪŋ tə bi eɪbl tə seɪ ə wɜ:b | bət ɪts ənʌðə tə bi eɪbl tə bi ʌndəstʊd
pəhæps | ju dʒəs ni:d tə meɪk ðə həʊl θɪŋ ə bɪp mɔ:r ɪntrestɪŋ | fə jə sʌn
fər ɪgzæmpl ‖ ju kʊd gɪv ɪm səm rɪdlz | ɔ: sm dʒəʊks
hɪəz ə dʒəʊk fə ju ‖
>
> waɪ wəz sɪks efreɪd əv sevn?
>
>
> bɪkəz sevn eɪt naɪn!
>
>
>
ɔ: ju kʊd dʒəs raɪt ɪm səm letəz ɪn fəni:mɪk skrɪpt ‖
aɪ həʊp ðæt helps ‖ gʊd lʌk | For starters, how about all the words with 'ough' that can be pronounced half a dozen different ways? TOUGH, THROUGH, COUGH, DOUGH, THOUGHT, PLOUGH...
For the record, I believe learning phonetic pronunciation *can* be helpful, but it should be taught in conjunction with etymology so there is a fuller awareness of why things happen the way they happen in English. |
1,219,112 | Does anyone know a book which covers topics on:
Brownian Motion
Martingales
Stochastic Calculus
Stochastic Differential Equations
Options pricing. Black-Scholes model
Fundamental Theorems. Interest Rates
Random Walk
Applications in Insurance
Simulations. Convergence
Simulation methods
I would like something in-depth, but at an undergraduate level. | 2015/04/03 | [
"https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/1219112",
"https://math.stackexchange.com",
"https://math.stackexchange.com/users/185305/"
] | A recommended book which covers most of your topics is [***Options, Futures and Other Derivatives - John Hull***](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/B007V5ISCO). Regarding simulation methods, I would suggest [***Monte Carlo Methods in Financial Engineering - Paul Glasserman.***](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/0387004513).
Both books are a good starting point. | [Oksendal, Stochastic Differential Equations](http://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783540047582) is also a very good book to learn stochastic calculus. |
1,219,112 | Does anyone know a book which covers topics on:
Brownian Motion
Martingales
Stochastic Calculus
Stochastic Differential Equations
Options pricing. Black-Scholes model
Fundamental Theorems. Interest Rates
Random Walk
Applications in Insurance
Simulations. Convergence
Simulation methods
I would like something in-depth, but at an undergraduate level. | 2015/04/03 | [
"https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/1219112",
"https://math.stackexchange.com",
"https://math.stackexchange.com/users/185305/"
] | A recommended book which covers most of your topics is [***Options, Futures and Other Derivatives - John Hull***](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/B007V5ISCO). Regarding simulation methods, I would suggest [***Monte Carlo Methods in Financial Engineering - Paul Glasserman.***](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/0387004513).
Both books are a good starting point. | Consider [An Informal Introduction to Stochastic Calculus with Applications - Ovidiu Calin](https://www.worldscientific.com/worldscibooks/10.1142/9620)!
This book would cover the following topics (that were mentioned in the question): Brownian motion, Martingales, Stochastic Processes, SDEs. For mathematical finance topics, you may download the earlier version lecture notes from the author's homepage [webpage](https://people.emich.edu/ocalin/Teaching_479.htm)
In my opinion, this is the easiest book for an undergraduate wanting to learn stochastic calculus. Do **NOT** regard this book as inaccurate or wrong just because of the word "Informal". Having worked through 4 chapters of the book, it is definitely not inaccurate/ wrong; neither will the contents be a walk in the park.
I feel that the pre-requisites would be
1. A basic undergraduate course in probability (Sheldon's Ross A First Course in Probability would be enough)
2. Some introductory mathematical analysis (Bartle or Rudin is sufficient) - minimally you should be familiar with supremum, infimum, riemann integrals
3. An undergraduate course in multivariable calculus (AKA Calculus III/IV)
NOTE: You do not need to know measure theory, stochastic processes beforehand, Calin develops them in the book. However, this book can still be very useful even if you know these topics beforehand.
Because the author asks for so little from his audience, you should be aware that this book does not offer the fullest details of the mathematical theory. I do not see this as a setback for undergraduates since chances are a typical undergraduate would not be familiar with measure-theoretic probability.
I am sure that after learning the contents from this book, you would be able to transit to graduate-level stochastic calculus texts.
I am by no means affiliated to the author; I am just very fortunate to have chanced upon this book. It is such a hidden gem! |
1,219,112 | Does anyone know a book which covers topics on:
Brownian Motion
Martingales
Stochastic Calculus
Stochastic Differential Equations
Options pricing. Black-Scholes model
Fundamental Theorems. Interest Rates
Random Walk
Applications in Insurance
Simulations. Convergence
Simulation methods
I would like something in-depth, but at an undergraduate level. | 2015/04/03 | [
"https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/1219112",
"https://math.stackexchange.com",
"https://math.stackexchange.com/users/185305/"
] | A recommended book which covers most of your topics is [***Options, Futures and Other Derivatives - John Hull***](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/B007V5ISCO). Regarding simulation methods, I would suggest [***Monte Carlo Methods in Financial Engineering - Paul Glasserman.***](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/0387004513).
Both books are a good starting point. | This is answered on the Quantitative Finance S.E.
<https://quant.stackexchange.com/q/38862>
<https://quant.stackexchange.com/q/2019>
<https://quant.stackexchange.com/q/15013>
<https://quant.stackexchange.com/q/1>
<https://quant.stackexchange.com/q/2391> |
1,219,112 | Does anyone know a book which covers topics on:
Brownian Motion
Martingales
Stochastic Calculus
Stochastic Differential Equations
Options pricing. Black-Scholes model
Fundamental Theorems. Interest Rates
Random Walk
Applications in Insurance
Simulations. Convergence
Simulation methods
I would like something in-depth, but at an undergraduate level. | 2015/04/03 | [
"https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/1219112",
"https://math.stackexchange.com",
"https://math.stackexchange.com/users/185305/"
] | [Oksendal, Stochastic Differential Equations](http://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783540047582) is also a very good book to learn stochastic calculus. | Consider [An Informal Introduction to Stochastic Calculus with Applications - Ovidiu Calin](https://www.worldscientific.com/worldscibooks/10.1142/9620)!
This book would cover the following topics (that were mentioned in the question): Brownian motion, Martingales, Stochastic Processes, SDEs. For mathematical finance topics, you may download the earlier version lecture notes from the author's homepage [webpage](https://people.emich.edu/ocalin/Teaching_479.htm)
In my opinion, this is the easiest book for an undergraduate wanting to learn stochastic calculus. Do **NOT** regard this book as inaccurate or wrong just because of the word "Informal". Having worked through 4 chapters of the book, it is definitely not inaccurate/ wrong; neither will the contents be a walk in the park.
I feel that the pre-requisites would be
1. A basic undergraduate course in probability (Sheldon's Ross A First Course in Probability would be enough)
2. Some introductory mathematical analysis (Bartle or Rudin is sufficient) - minimally you should be familiar with supremum, infimum, riemann integrals
3. An undergraduate course in multivariable calculus (AKA Calculus III/IV)
NOTE: You do not need to know measure theory, stochastic processes beforehand, Calin develops them in the book. However, this book can still be very useful even if you know these topics beforehand.
Because the author asks for so little from his audience, you should be aware that this book does not offer the fullest details of the mathematical theory. I do not see this as a setback for undergraduates since chances are a typical undergraduate would not be familiar with measure-theoretic probability.
I am sure that after learning the contents from this book, you would be able to transit to graduate-level stochastic calculus texts.
I am by no means affiliated to the author; I am just very fortunate to have chanced upon this book. It is such a hidden gem! |
1,219,112 | Does anyone know a book which covers topics on:
Brownian Motion
Martingales
Stochastic Calculus
Stochastic Differential Equations
Options pricing. Black-Scholes model
Fundamental Theorems. Interest Rates
Random Walk
Applications in Insurance
Simulations. Convergence
Simulation methods
I would like something in-depth, but at an undergraduate level. | 2015/04/03 | [
"https://math.stackexchange.com/questions/1219112",
"https://math.stackexchange.com",
"https://math.stackexchange.com/users/185305/"
] | [Oksendal, Stochastic Differential Equations](http://www.springer.com/gp/book/9783540047582) is also a very good book to learn stochastic calculus. | This is answered on the Quantitative Finance S.E.
<https://quant.stackexchange.com/q/38862>
<https://quant.stackexchange.com/q/2019>
<https://quant.stackexchange.com/q/15013>
<https://quant.stackexchange.com/q/1>
<https://quant.stackexchange.com/q/2391> |
44,468 | First of all, sorry for my English. I am new to blender animation. I have a problem regarding material colours, my problem is I can`t get colour same like texture shading. any one can help me on this point. I am working in cycle render.
**1) Texture Shading Viewport.**
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/XGfAC.png)
**2) Render Viewport(cycle render).**
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/E3cl3.png)
**How can set colour in render same as texture shading Viewport.?** | 2016/01/07 | [
"https://blender.stackexchange.com/questions/44468",
"https://blender.stackexchange.com",
"https://blender.stackexchange.com/users/20132/"
] | what you have is this:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/J5oFd.png)
what you want is something like this:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/qQHwd.png)
what you miss is two things:
There is no light source in the scene. You can have lamps like in the following screenshot, ore use an image in the world background (yours is monochrome), or combine both.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/xwN1b.png)
the material setup only has a diffuse shader to it. This shader will only return diffuse color information, so specular lights won't show up anyways, no matter what you try. Mix the shader with for example a Glossy shader, which catches some reflection:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/NF1BG.png)
from here you can take it to however sophisticated you want. Add fresnel, maps, vertex colors, whatnot, but without proper material setup and proper lighting, no scene can look cool :) | I believe dirty vextex textures could help you. AndrewPrice made a good tutorial about it here: <https://youtu.be/nX4dkwU1pyQ>
You could also try to work with fresnel / layer weight: [What does the Cycles Fresnel Node do?](https://blender.stackexchange.com/questions/692/what-does-the-cycles-fresnel-node-do)
Note that you are not in textured mode in your screenshot. You are in solid mode. The way how that behaves can be changed in Preferences > System > Solid mode OpenGL lights. (See here: <https://www.blender.org/manual/preferences/system.html>) |
44,468 | First of all, sorry for my English. I am new to blender animation. I have a problem regarding material colours, my problem is I can`t get colour same like texture shading. any one can help me on this point. I am working in cycle render.
**1) Texture Shading Viewport.**
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/XGfAC.png)
**2) Render Viewport(cycle render).**
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/E3cl3.png)
**How can set colour in render same as texture shading Viewport.?** | 2016/01/07 | [
"https://blender.stackexchange.com/questions/44468",
"https://blender.stackexchange.com",
"https://blender.stackexchange.com/users/20132/"
] | what you have is this:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/J5oFd.png)
what you want is something like this:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/qQHwd.png)
what you miss is two things:
There is no light source in the scene. You can have lamps like in the following screenshot, ore use an image in the world background (yours is monochrome), or combine both.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/xwN1b.png)
the material setup only has a diffuse shader to it. This shader will only return diffuse color information, so specular lights won't show up anyways, no matter what you try. Mix the shader with for example a Glossy shader, which catches some reflection:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/NF1BG.png)
from here you can take it to however sophisticated you want. Add fresnel, maps, vertex colors, whatnot, but without proper material setup and proper lighting, no scene can look cool :) | The color you have selected in the Material > Settings > Viewport Color and Specular Color only affects the viewport. The reason being the viewport uses GLSL OPENGL shading model to display in realtime your mesh in the blend file. It has nothing to do with the output of colors in your final render.
In fact you can change the viewport material color to blue, and cycle will only take the color that is on the diffuse node. It's the diffuse node that cycle cares about. So you will never get identical representation of the final out put of the file until you select render preview in the viewport.
The use for viewport material color , is so that artist would not have a 100 object with the same color. You can imagine it would be difficult to differentiate high number of objects on screen with the same color. |
2,594 | Especially for games which involve frequent card shuffling by multiple players of decks of uneven sizes is there is a technique for shuffling which is quick and easy for everyone to learn yet also reliably random?
Ideally this would work with cards which were sleeved.
I'm asking in particular for games of Dominion but have run into this question around many other games involving multiple decks as well. Back in my days of serious Magic the Gathering playing deck shuffling was always a complex subject especially in tournament situations (and even in more casual play as keeping the cards undamaged was a priority) | 2011/02/15 | [
"https://boardgames.stackexchange.com/questions/2594",
"https://boardgames.stackexchange.com",
"https://boardgames.stackexchange.com/users/842/"
] | When I shuffle I use a mixture of two techniques: riffle and stripping (as defined quite adequately in the [Wikipedia article on shuffling](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuffling)). **Riffle** separates adjacent cards while **stripping** cycles cards from the top of the deck to the bottom.
I use both because riffle alone will **very** slowly push cards in the bottom half of each cut down, but tends to leave the top of the deck the same; stripping mitigates this drawback. Stripping alone takes too long to separate adjacent cards.
Early in the game when the deck is small (< 20 cards) it's very difficult--and unnecessary--to riffle so I only strip.
Wikipedia points out that riffling can be hard on cards; however, I've found that damage typically occurs because the person isn't good at shuffling and either excessively bends the cards or doesn't get good interspersion between the cuts. Being able to execute a bridge also reduces card wear as it evens out the bending and prevents the cards from acquiring a camber. In fact, I think proper riffle shuffling breaks in cards and makes them less stiff and prone to sticking to each other.
It seems that you're looking for something potentially easier to learn the riffling, but nothing is as fast (vital in Dominion) or as reliable at randomizing a deck. Honestly, anyone with reasonable motor skills should be able to learn to riffle with practice.
**Wash** shuffles are great for randomization but totally infeasible for Dominion since they take so long and take so much table space.
**Weaves** have the same end results at riffles, so if you weave you should strip as well. A weave is easier for many people to do, but will damage cards quickly as you have to slam or wiggle the edges of the deck together. Cards were made to return to their original shape when gently bent; they were not made to take stresses on their edges. | From what I know of M:tG, a common shuffling technique is to deal the cards to a number of piles, say about 5 to 8, randomly sending a card to each pile until all are used up. Then stack the piles in random order.
For Dominion, I commonly just use an under-over-hand shuffle. That is, with cards in my right hand, I splash some amount off the top into my left. Then I flip the left side up and splash some more so this new set is on the bottom of the left hand stack. I'll randomly pick between top and bottom, sometimes even splitting the deck in my left and dumping some cards in the middle.
Its not highly random, but if you do it several times in a row, it seems to mix the cards up pretty well. |
2,594 | Especially for games which involve frequent card shuffling by multiple players of decks of uneven sizes is there is a technique for shuffling which is quick and easy for everyone to learn yet also reliably random?
Ideally this would work with cards which were sleeved.
I'm asking in particular for games of Dominion but have run into this question around many other games involving multiple decks as well. Back in my days of serious Magic the Gathering playing deck shuffling was always a complex subject especially in tournament situations (and even in more casual play as keeping the cards undamaged was a priority) | 2011/02/15 | [
"https://boardgames.stackexchange.com/questions/2594",
"https://boardgames.stackexchange.com",
"https://boardgames.stackexchange.com/users/842/"
] | From what I know of M:tG, a common shuffling technique is to deal the cards to a number of piles, say about 5 to 8, randomly sending a card to each pile until all are used up. Then stack the piles in random order.
For Dominion, I commonly just use an under-over-hand shuffle. That is, with cards in my right hand, I splash some amount off the top into my left. Then I flip the left side up and splash some more so this new set is on the bottom of the left hand stack. I'll randomly pick between top and bottom, sometimes even splitting the deck in my left and dumping some cards in the middle.
Its not highly random, but if you do it several times in a row, it seems to mix the cards up pretty well. | I've heard some praising reviews of **shuffling machines**. I don't know how well they work with sleeved cards, but they are very quick, easy to use and fair. They aren't prohibitively expensive either, and could certainly be justified for casual use if you play a lot of card games. |
2,594 | Especially for games which involve frequent card shuffling by multiple players of decks of uneven sizes is there is a technique for shuffling which is quick and easy for everyone to learn yet also reliably random?
Ideally this would work with cards which were sleeved.
I'm asking in particular for games of Dominion but have run into this question around many other games involving multiple decks as well. Back in my days of serious Magic the Gathering playing deck shuffling was always a complex subject especially in tournament situations (and even in more casual play as keeping the cards undamaged was a priority) | 2011/02/15 | [
"https://boardgames.stackexchange.com/questions/2594",
"https://boardgames.stackexchange.com",
"https://boardgames.stackexchange.com/users/842/"
] | Adam did an awesome job of answering, so I won't repeat anything he mentioned there, but there's 2 things I want to add.
1. I like mixing regular strip shuffles with the variant where you pick up most of the deck like normal, but instead of depositing cards with a chopping motion on one side of the cards only, alternate the side you put the cards on by flipping the growing pile back and forth with your fingers. This tends to mix things up a little better, and its pretty fun to do.
2. I also use a method where you pick up 90% of the deck like you were going to strip, but instead of chopping the cards into your other hand, gradually reduce the pressure of your thumb and middle finger holding the cards above your hand. This will cause some cards to fall into your hand in a somewhat random order as they can fall from the middle, front, or back. This results in a sort of combination of the effects of striping to cycle cards around and rippling to reduce cards keeping the exact same order through the shuffle. As with any single shuffling technique, I wouldn't use it exclusively if you want the best results. :) | From what I know of M:tG, a common shuffling technique is to deal the cards to a number of piles, say about 5 to 8, randomly sending a card to each pile until all are used up. Then stack the piles in random order.
For Dominion, I commonly just use an under-over-hand shuffle. That is, with cards in my right hand, I splash some amount off the top into my left. Then I flip the left side up and splash some more so this new set is on the bottom of the left hand stack. I'll randomly pick between top and bottom, sometimes even splitting the deck in my left and dumping some cards in the middle.
Its not highly random, but if you do it several times in a row, it seems to mix the cards up pretty well. |
2,594 | Especially for games which involve frequent card shuffling by multiple players of decks of uneven sizes is there is a technique for shuffling which is quick and easy for everyone to learn yet also reliably random?
Ideally this would work with cards which were sleeved.
I'm asking in particular for games of Dominion but have run into this question around many other games involving multiple decks as well. Back in my days of serious Magic the Gathering playing deck shuffling was always a complex subject especially in tournament situations (and even in more casual play as keeping the cards undamaged was a priority) | 2011/02/15 | [
"https://boardgames.stackexchange.com/questions/2594",
"https://boardgames.stackexchange.com",
"https://boardgames.stackexchange.com/users/842/"
] | When I shuffle I use a mixture of two techniques: riffle and stripping (as defined quite adequately in the [Wikipedia article on shuffling](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuffling)). **Riffle** separates adjacent cards while **stripping** cycles cards from the top of the deck to the bottom.
I use both because riffle alone will **very** slowly push cards in the bottom half of each cut down, but tends to leave the top of the deck the same; stripping mitigates this drawback. Stripping alone takes too long to separate adjacent cards.
Early in the game when the deck is small (< 20 cards) it's very difficult--and unnecessary--to riffle so I only strip.
Wikipedia points out that riffling can be hard on cards; however, I've found that damage typically occurs because the person isn't good at shuffling and either excessively bends the cards or doesn't get good interspersion between the cuts. Being able to execute a bridge also reduces card wear as it evens out the bending and prevents the cards from acquiring a camber. In fact, I think proper riffle shuffling breaks in cards and makes them less stiff and prone to sticking to each other.
It seems that you're looking for something potentially easier to learn the riffling, but nothing is as fast (vital in Dominion) or as reliable at randomizing a deck. Honestly, anyone with reasonable motor skills should be able to learn to riffle with practice.
**Wash** shuffles are great for randomization but totally infeasible for Dominion since they take so long and take so much table space.
**Weaves** have the same end results at riffles, so if you weave you should strip as well. A weave is easier for many people to do, but will damage cards quickly as you have to slam or wiggle the edges of the deck together. Cards were made to return to their original shape when gently bent; they were not made to take stresses on their edges. | I've heard some praising reviews of **shuffling machines**. I don't know how well they work with sleeved cards, but they are very quick, easy to use and fair. They aren't prohibitively expensive either, and could certainly be justified for casual use if you play a lot of card games. |
2,594 | Especially for games which involve frequent card shuffling by multiple players of decks of uneven sizes is there is a technique for shuffling which is quick and easy for everyone to learn yet also reliably random?
Ideally this would work with cards which were sleeved.
I'm asking in particular for games of Dominion but have run into this question around many other games involving multiple decks as well. Back in my days of serious Magic the Gathering playing deck shuffling was always a complex subject especially in tournament situations (and even in more casual play as keeping the cards undamaged was a priority) | 2011/02/15 | [
"https://boardgames.stackexchange.com/questions/2594",
"https://boardgames.stackexchange.com",
"https://boardgames.stackexchange.com/users/842/"
] | When I shuffle I use a mixture of two techniques: riffle and stripping (as defined quite adequately in the [Wikipedia article on shuffling](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shuffling)). **Riffle** separates adjacent cards while **stripping** cycles cards from the top of the deck to the bottom.
I use both because riffle alone will **very** slowly push cards in the bottom half of each cut down, but tends to leave the top of the deck the same; stripping mitigates this drawback. Stripping alone takes too long to separate adjacent cards.
Early in the game when the deck is small (< 20 cards) it's very difficult--and unnecessary--to riffle so I only strip.
Wikipedia points out that riffling can be hard on cards; however, I've found that damage typically occurs because the person isn't good at shuffling and either excessively bends the cards or doesn't get good interspersion between the cuts. Being able to execute a bridge also reduces card wear as it evens out the bending and prevents the cards from acquiring a camber. In fact, I think proper riffle shuffling breaks in cards and makes them less stiff and prone to sticking to each other.
It seems that you're looking for something potentially easier to learn the riffling, but nothing is as fast (vital in Dominion) or as reliable at randomizing a deck. Honestly, anyone with reasonable motor skills should be able to learn to riffle with practice.
**Wash** shuffles are great for randomization but totally infeasible for Dominion since they take so long and take so much table space.
**Weaves** have the same end results at riffles, so if you weave you should strip as well. A weave is easier for many people to do, but will damage cards quickly as you have to slam or wiggle the edges of the deck together. Cards were made to return to their original shape when gently bent; they were not made to take stresses on their edges. | Adam did an awesome job of answering, so I won't repeat anything he mentioned there, but there's 2 things I want to add.
1. I like mixing regular strip shuffles with the variant where you pick up most of the deck like normal, but instead of depositing cards with a chopping motion on one side of the cards only, alternate the side you put the cards on by flipping the growing pile back and forth with your fingers. This tends to mix things up a little better, and its pretty fun to do.
2. I also use a method where you pick up 90% of the deck like you were going to strip, but instead of chopping the cards into your other hand, gradually reduce the pressure of your thumb and middle finger holding the cards above your hand. This will cause some cards to fall into your hand in a somewhat random order as they can fall from the middle, front, or back. This results in a sort of combination of the effects of striping to cycle cards around and rippling to reduce cards keeping the exact same order through the shuffle. As with any single shuffling technique, I wouldn't use it exclusively if you want the best results. :) |
2,594 | Especially for games which involve frequent card shuffling by multiple players of decks of uneven sizes is there is a technique for shuffling which is quick and easy for everyone to learn yet also reliably random?
Ideally this would work with cards which were sleeved.
I'm asking in particular for games of Dominion but have run into this question around many other games involving multiple decks as well. Back in my days of serious Magic the Gathering playing deck shuffling was always a complex subject especially in tournament situations (and even in more casual play as keeping the cards undamaged was a priority) | 2011/02/15 | [
"https://boardgames.stackexchange.com/questions/2594",
"https://boardgames.stackexchange.com",
"https://boardgames.stackexchange.com/users/842/"
] | Adam did an awesome job of answering, so I won't repeat anything he mentioned there, but there's 2 things I want to add.
1. I like mixing regular strip shuffles with the variant where you pick up most of the deck like normal, but instead of depositing cards with a chopping motion on one side of the cards only, alternate the side you put the cards on by flipping the growing pile back and forth with your fingers. This tends to mix things up a little better, and its pretty fun to do.
2. I also use a method where you pick up 90% of the deck like you were going to strip, but instead of chopping the cards into your other hand, gradually reduce the pressure of your thumb and middle finger holding the cards above your hand. This will cause some cards to fall into your hand in a somewhat random order as they can fall from the middle, front, or back. This results in a sort of combination of the effects of striping to cycle cards around and rippling to reduce cards keeping the exact same order through the shuffle. As with any single shuffling technique, I wouldn't use it exclusively if you want the best results. :) | I've heard some praising reviews of **shuffling machines**. I don't know how well they work with sleeved cards, but they are very quick, easy to use and fair. They aren't prohibitively expensive either, and could certainly be justified for casual use if you play a lot of card games. |
18,879 | I gained significant work experience through independent work with multiple businesses and non-businesses during my time at school and university. Through this work I built my skills which helped me fast track into corporate-level junior management with staff a few years after university. I hold a tenure of two years at my current employer and am starting to consider exploring new opportunities - only due to personal reasons (influenced by compensation and work/life balance).
I am aware of the difficulties one can encounter when coming across as a job hopper or freelancer while applying for roles in the corporate world - and I would like to somehow make it clear on my resume/CV that the reason for having freelanced/hopped in the past was simply because I had no other choice during full-time education (**let me clarify this part:** I had to be at school/university from around morning to afternoon; but after that I had plenty of free time to work on all these projects. Although there were no specific hours I spent ages and ages on it); and yet that my pre-corporate experience adds up to my career history.
Currently I have something similar to the following structure (with more details of course, but this is just to illustrate) on my resume:
**Work experience**
* Nov 2011 - current: Current company
* Apr 2011 - Oct 2011: Freelance work
* Dec 2010 - Mar 2011: Contract with major company
* Oct 2000 - Nov 2010: Freelance work
**Education**
* 2007-2010: BA University
* 2000-2007: Grammar/Magnet School | 2014/02/01 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/18879",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/14592/"
] | The stigma of the "job-hopper" is generally attached to someone who frequently changes *permanent*, *full-time* jobs. Such a person begins to appear undesirable to employers who are looking to hire a permanent, full-time employee - they quite reasonably fear that you won't stick around for long. Hiring is a lot of work, bringing a new employee up to full productivity takes time, and if a new hire leaves after a short period of time, that time and effort will have been wasted.
Having said that, having a history of freelance or contract work is a different thing entirely. The fact that your freelance and contract jobs were of short duration is not the mark of a job-hopper - it's the nature of freelancing!
That's not to say that this history doesn't raise any issues at all. It can. Especially when applying for a permanent, full-time role straight out of a spell of contracting. I've interviewed people in that situation, and a question that has to be asked is "why are you applying for a permanent job *now* after contracting for the last *x* years?" You don't want to hire someone who actually doesn't want a permanent job but is just grabbing what he can get due to a dry spell of contracts, so if you're in that situation, you need to be prepared to answer that question.
But you're not. You've been working a regular job for more than two years now - and that's not an unreasonably short span of time for your first full-time job after graduation. Employers are not going to look at your resume and think "maybe this guy would rather be contracting than full-timing?" when you haven't done that since October 2011.
So in summary: don't sweat it. Focus on doing a good job of promoting your skills and experience, prepare yourself with a good answer for the "why do you want to change jobs?" question, but don't stress about the fact that you did freelance work while studying and for a short time afterwards. | I would say you also don't have to feel compelled to list every job you've ever had on your resume. List the **most recent jobs** from the past 3/4 years. That's more than enough indication of what you have been up to.
If you want to highlight the work that you did as a freelancer, you could include that in a separate section of your resume, *"Notable Projects"*, and then give a little detail about the ones that are most relevant to the position that you are applying for.
Your resume is not written in stone, feel free to tailor it to the job that you are applying for. If you think they won't appreciate the number of different jobs that you've had, then just leave it out. |
95,464 | Many mobile apps have bottom navigation (think Instagram, Twitter, etc.). However, for some of the pages / processes, the bottom navigation disappears.
E.g. On Instagram, once you do the process of uploading a photo, the bottom navigation disappears and just shows the entire process from start to finish. The bottom navigation shows up again when you've completed the uploading.
So is it alright to assume that when you do the main goal / action for the app, the bottom navigation can be hidden to make the user complete the process without any distractions? Also, in what other instances should the navigation be hidden? | 2016/06/10 | [
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/95464",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/users/7021/"
] | This relates as much to UX patterns as it does to **operating system patterns**.
When you learn a bit of Swift, you realize it's not about "hiding the bottom navigation", but actually about using a *different form of presentation for the content you're about to show*.
If you're designing for iOS, Apple describes it best in the [iOS Human Interface Guidelines](https://developer.apple.com/library/ios/documentation/UserExperience/Conceptual/MobileHIG/Modal.html):
>
> Ideally, people can interact with iOS apps in nonlinear ways, so it’s best when you can minimize the number of modal experiences in your app. In general, consider creating a modal context only when:
>
>
> • It’s critical to get the user’s attention
>
>
> • A self-contained task must be completed—or explicitly abandoned—to avoid leaving the user’s data in an ambiguous state
>
>
>
Here's [another good reference](https://developer.apple.com/library/ios/documentation/UserExperience/Conceptual/MobileHIG/Alerts.html), also from the Guidelines, which gives some insight into why Instagram decided to use a modal view:
>
> Use a modal view when you need to offer the ability to accomplish a self-contained task related to your app’s primary function. A modal view is especially appropriate for a multistep subtask that requires UI elements that don’t belong in the main app UI all the time.
>
>
>
But keep in mind: different programming languages (e.g.: Android) may implement patterns and presentations in different ways.
If iOS is your choice of platform, I **highly** recommend you take your time to read the [complete iOS Human Interface Guidelines](https://developer.apple.com/library/ios/documentation/UserExperience/Conceptual/MobileHIG/), and maybe even learn a bit of Swift yourself. Understanding how the system works and its limitations will greatly help you understand the best decisions for specific use cases. | few months ago i've got the same problem. so i did some research. I think if the app is a scrollable one like instagram (you know what i am saying) or aliexpress etc. it should be hide when scrolling it down. this trick will give more space to the contents. if its a app which scroll sideways you do not need it to hide.
also read this article for some more knowledge about bottom navigations: <https://uxplanet.org/perfect-bottom-navigation-for-mobile-app-effabbb98c0f#.it8ge1ce6> |
95,464 | Many mobile apps have bottom navigation (think Instagram, Twitter, etc.). However, for some of the pages / processes, the bottom navigation disappears.
E.g. On Instagram, once you do the process of uploading a photo, the bottom navigation disappears and just shows the entire process from start to finish. The bottom navigation shows up again when you've completed the uploading.
So is it alright to assume that when you do the main goal / action for the app, the bottom navigation can be hidden to make the user complete the process without any distractions? Also, in what other instances should the navigation be hidden? | 2016/06/10 | [
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/95464",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/users/7021/"
] | This relates as much to UX patterns as it does to **operating system patterns**.
When you learn a bit of Swift, you realize it's not about "hiding the bottom navigation", but actually about using a *different form of presentation for the content you're about to show*.
If you're designing for iOS, Apple describes it best in the [iOS Human Interface Guidelines](https://developer.apple.com/library/ios/documentation/UserExperience/Conceptual/MobileHIG/Modal.html):
>
> Ideally, people can interact with iOS apps in nonlinear ways, so it’s best when you can minimize the number of modal experiences in your app. In general, consider creating a modal context only when:
>
>
> • It’s critical to get the user’s attention
>
>
> • A self-contained task must be completed—or explicitly abandoned—to avoid leaving the user’s data in an ambiguous state
>
>
>
Here's [another good reference](https://developer.apple.com/library/ios/documentation/UserExperience/Conceptual/MobileHIG/Alerts.html), also from the Guidelines, which gives some insight into why Instagram decided to use a modal view:
>
> Use a modal view when you need to offer the ability to accomplish a self-contained task related to your app’s primary function. A modal view is especially appropriate for a multistep subtask that requires UI elements that don’t belong in the main app UI all the time.
>
>
>
But keep in mind: different programming languages (e.g.: Android) may implement patterns and presentations in different ways.
If iOS is your choice of platform, I **highly** recommend you take your time to read the [complete iOS Human Interface Guidelines](https://developer.apple.com/library/ios/documentation/UserExperience/Conceptual/MobileHIG/), and maybe even learn a bit of Swift yourself. Understanding how the system works and its limitations will greatly help you understand the best decisions for specific use cases. | So straight answering your questions:
>
> So is it alright to assume that when you do the main goal / action for the app, the bottom navigation can be hidden to make the user complete the process without any distractions?
>
>
>
Yes. The key phrase you mentioned is: "to make the user complete the process without any distractions". By hiding the navigation bar you don't only give the user more space to perform the action, you ALSO remove the distractions (like going to the search, profile, or the image feed tab on Instagram's case).
>
> In what other instances should the navigation be hidden?
>
>
>
Whenever you want your user to FOCUS on performing an action/task. Like uploading a photo, zooming in-out on a picture to check it out better, or reading an important file/document. Removing distractions (like the navigation bar) is a good ux practice not because of the space, but because you focus your users attention on something, like performing an action. |
18,402,213 | I have some Questions on linking libraries.
How does the Linker decide, if a library I want to link is linked static or dynamic? Is it decided by the file extention (*.a/*.so)?
Is it possible, to dynamically link a .a library?
Is it possible to convert a .a library into a .so library without having the sources? | 2013/08/23 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/18402213",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1872473/"
] | 1. The linker decides how to link the library by generally looking at the extension, but that's pretty much up to the linker. The AIX linker has some rather exotic behaviour. Moreover, if you have both a .so and a .so version of the library in the same place, the command line switches you have given the linker will determine which one it uses
2. Sort of. You can link a .a into a .so but there will be performance issues - shared libraries should be built with position independent code for best performance. And depending on the code, the linker might refuse to link it because it can't patch up the relocation information. But you can't tell the linker to treat a .a as a .so
3. As above - maybe. | The gcc linker will link dynamically to .so files by default, if both types of library are found in its search path. You can over-ride this with command line arguments, as described [here](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/14731219/what-library-would-it-link-against-static-or-shared-object). |
107,452 | I have a little big problem. After the migration of the catalog for a new store in a "clean" installation of Magento I started to have problems with configurable products. When you select an option and click buy, instead of adding the product to cart, returns the error message:
>
> *Fatal error: Call to a member function setProductName () on a non-object in
> /home/alter648/public\_html/compras/app/code/core/Mage/CatalogInventory/Model/Observer.php
> on line 387*
>
>
>
Searching on the internet I found something similar in <https://stackoverflow.com/questions/26414137/cannot-add-to-cart-configurable-product-after-migration-magento> but that did not solve.
Already checked the records of the configurable product and simple products, and found no difference in relation to the registration in the previous store. I checked and saved and changed nothing.
Does anyone have any idea how to solve? | 2016/03/22 | [
"https://magento.stackexchange.com/questions/107452",
"https://magento.stackexchange.com",
"https://magento.stackexchange.com/users/37773/"
] | This depends on how you migrated the catalog.
The error appears if there is not stock record for the product you are trying to add to cart.
You can try a reindex, but I doubt that will solve it.
But I bet the problem will be solved if you edit the product in the backend and save it.
Of course, this is not a solution if you have a lot of products in your store, but it's at least a starting point. | Just for the record as solved:
I solved the problem by simply opening the simple and saving products.
I think that's what was presented as a solution on the link below, but I understood it was to access the configurable product, and not simply as I did. |
107,452 | I have a little big problem. After the migration of the catalog for a new store in a "clean" installation of Magento I started to have problems with configurable products. When you select an option and click buy, instead of adding the product to cart, returns the error message:
>
> *Fatal error: Call to a member function setProductName () on a non-object in
> /home/alter648/public\_html/compras/app/code/core/Mage/CatalogInventory/Model/Observer.php
> on line 387*
>
>
>
Searching on the internet I found something similar in <https://stackoverflow.com/questions/26414137/cannot-add-to-cart-configurable-product-after-migration-magento> but that did not solve.
Already checked the records of the configurable product and simple products, and found no difference in relation to the registration in the previous store. I checked and saved and changed nothing.
Does anyone have any idea how to solve? | 2016/03/22 | [
"https://magento.stackexchange.com/questions/107452",
"https://magento.stackexchange.com",
"https://magento.stackexchange.com/users/37773/"
] | This depends on how you migrated the catalog.
The error appears if there is not stock record for the product you are trying to add to cart.
You can try a reindex, but I doubt that will solve it.
But I bet the problem will be solved if you edit the product in the backend and save it.
Of course, this is not a solution if you have a lot of products in your store, but it's at least a starting point. | This can cause because of following reason
->All the attributes that you had in previous store has not been added in attribute sets. Re-indexing might solve the problem afterwards.
Solution:
Create all attributes that were present in previous store and update it via magmi for configurable product if there are any. And Another solution is as @marius suggested edit and save manually. Shortcut would be selecting all product and add `"<NULL>"` in description with editing attributes. |
34,402 | I have a folder (/var/www/test7.com), which must be readable/writable by www-data AND test7 users.
test7 user should not have access to other websites.
How can I do that? | 2011/04/10 | [
"https://askubuntu.com/questions/34402",
"https://askubuntu.com",
"https://askubuntu.com/users/8085/"
] | The simplest way would be to add the www-data user to the test7 group, and have the files owned by test7, not www-data. | most confusing way would be to use 'acl' (apt-get install acl) tool to create advanced control lists, where you can allow/disallow access to files using advanced rules.
for example, you have directory owned by root and 3 other users, using acl you can set that direcotry owner is still root with 700 rights, but then set acl that will allow one user to read files, and other 2 read/write files in the directory.
All of that can be done using setfacl (to set up permissions) getfacl (to read permissions). Directories can have default settings what to assign to files/folders.
If not used with care you can mess up permissions pretty good. |
48,171 | In the last 2 years I had three jobs.
The short story is that I changed jobs twice for better pay or better opportunities. However, life is expensive and I keep getting contacted for new opportunities.
But now interviewers started asking me "why do you keep changing jobs".
The honest answer is that life is expensive and I found better paying jobs with better opportunities.
It seems to be that these people want to pay me little AND to keep me as long as possible. I don't understand how to handle/negotiate this. I would be happy to change company for a higher salary now, but I am worried about the situation. | 2015/06/12 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/48171",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | >
> I keep being offered better jobs, but… how to sell yearly job changes?
>
>
>
You don't sell yearly job changes. Your holding three jobs in two years is no advantage to a potential employer - just for you. So there is nothing about it to sell.
When asked, you can be honest about the better salary and better opportunity. You might be better off if you emphasize the "better opportunity" part.
>
> but I am worried about the situation
>
>
>
It's reasonable to be worried. At some point, job-hopping becomes a detriment and can cause many potential employers to reject you.
Think of it from the employer's prospective.
It's a lot of work to hire someone. You need to create a job description and requisition, get it approved, work with recruiters, read many resumes, conduct phone screens and in-person interviews, select a candidate, negotiate an offer, etc, etc.
Then once you get an acceptance, that new employee still needs to get trained before becoming a productive member of the team. This takes time from the manager, team members, and other staff.
Hiring is time consuming, and expensive.
Thus, as a hiring manager, you want to make sure you bring on someone who will be around long enough to justify all that work and expense. You don't want someone who will just turn around and quit soon.
In addition, when considering a job-hopper, a hiring manager needs to consider "Am I hiring someone with 5 years of experience? Or someone with 1 year of experience repeated 5 times?"
>
> Please advise.
>
>
>
My advice is to try harder when seeking your next job to find one that will be a good fit for you for more than just a year or so.
Think about what would be "good enough" rather than everything that could be "just a tiny bit better".
Find ways to learn and grow within a company.
If all this doesn't appeal to you, consider becoming an independent contractor. That way, you would be expected to jump from gig to gig. And if you are good, and continue to expand your expertise, you can demand an ever-increasing rate of pay. | Assuming you aren't quitting your current job before interviewing at new prospective employers then I don't see why you'd say anything but the truth.
"I receive a lot of unsolicited inquiries about me moving companies, just as you are doing now, which have increasingly more interesting work opportunities and compensations."
If the employer sees you as too much of a flight risk upon seeing how many different companies you've worked for then they may not hire you but you're in no worse position than if you hadn't gone on that next interview. I've never worked as a hiring manager but I would think the "oh no, that person is a flight risk" stigma would wear off after you've stayed with one employer for a few years. |
48,171 | In the last 2 years I had three jobs.
The short story is that I changed jobs twice for better pay or better opportunities. However, life is expensive and I keep getting contacted for new opportunities.
But now interviewers started asking me "why do you keep changing jobs".
The honest answer is that life is expensive and I found better paying jobs with better opportunities.
It seems to be that these people want to pay me little AND to keep me as long as possible. I don't understand how to handle/negotiate this. I would be happy to change company for a higher salary now, but I am worried about the situation. | 2015/06/12 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/48171",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | 'It seems to be that these people want to pay me little AND to keep me as long as possible."
We can't have that, can we?
"I don't understand how to handle/negotiate this. I would be happy yo change company for a higher salary now, but I am worried about the situation. Please advise."
Nothing to worry about. You don't give a damn about their priorities and they don't give a damn about yours. Fair exchange.
Either you start changing your me-me-me mindset or you are headed straight for long tern unemployment - The good prospective employers won't want to be your stepping stone to a better offer and consider you as a flight risk. The bottom feeders won't hire you because you cost too much and they believe that you won't stick around. Result: you fall between two chairs and no one wants you. Or needs you.
I'll note that at this point in time, your work history is well on its way to accurately reflecting your me-me-me mindset. Which is why you are suddenly concerned enough to ask for advice on this site. | You are obviously opportunistic but as others have pointed out in the long run too much jumping is a flight risk. Are there or her factors that you are moving for? Could it be that aside from money there was xyz missing and also not making you stick around? I would focus in identifying xyz and find a place which offers these other sticking points to keep you from jumping boat so often. Is it lack of growth opportunities? You can make this known and get this grandfathered into your offer eg performance evaluation in 12 months or promotion consideration in 12 months |
48,171 | In the last 2 years I had three jobs.
The short story is that I changed jobs twice for better pay or better opportunities. However, life is expensive and I keep getting contacted for new opportunities.
But now interviewers started asking me "why do you keep changing jobs".
The honest answer is that life is expensive and I found better paying jobs with better opportunities.
It seems to be that these people want to pay me little AND to keep me as long as possible. I don't understand how to handle/negotiate this. I would be happy to change company for a higher salary now, but I am worried about the situation. | 2015/06/12 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/48171",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | >
> I keep being offered better jobs, but… how to sell yearly job changes?
>
>
>
You don't sell yearly job changes. Your holding three jobs in two years is no advantage to a potential employer - just for you. So there is nothing about it to sell.
When asked, you can be honest about the better salary and better opportunity. You might be better off if you emphasize the "better opportunity" part.
>
> but I am worried about the situation
>
>
>
It's reasonable to be worried. At some point, job-hopping becomes a detriment and can cause many potential employers to reject you.
Think of it from the employer's prospective.
It's a lot of work to hire someone. You need to create a job description and requisition, get it approved, work with recruiters, read many resumes, conduct phone screens and in-person interviews, select a candidate, negotiate an offer, etc, etc.
Then once you get an acceptance, that new employee still needs to get trained before becoming a productive member of the team. This takes time from the manager, team members, and other staff.
Hiring is time consuming, and expensive.
Thus, as a hiring manager, you want to make sure you bring on someone who will be around long enough to justify all that work and expense. You don't want someone who will just turn around and quit soon.
In addition, when considering a job-hopper, a hiring manager needs to consider "Am I hiring someone with 5 years of experience? Or someone with 1 year of experience repeated 5 times?"
>
> Please advise.
>
>
>
My advice is to try harder when seeking your next job to find one that will be a good fit for you for more than just a year or so.
Think about what would be "good enough" rather than everything that could be "just a tiny bit better".
Find ways to learn and grow within a company.
If all this doesn't appeal to you, consider becoming an independent contractor. That way, you would be expected to jump from gig to gig. And if you are good, and continue to expand your expertise, you can demand an ever-increasing rate of pay. | You first need to evaluate why you are job-hopping. You are saying:
* "The short story is that I changed jobs twice for better pay or better opportunities." Yet you stay less than a year.
* "The honest answer is that life is expensive and I found better paying jobs with better opportunities." Yet you stay less than a year.
The way to avoid the stigma, is to stay longer. I would look at your resume and say there are several possibilities:
* They are looking for the right place to work, but don't know what it is.
* They are jumping for better pay.
* They are not as good a their resume appears, thus are being forced out.
* They are unlucky and the job situation deteriorates for reasons outside their control.
As you notice the first three reasons don't make we want to hire you. If you were to work for your current employer for the next several years I would be less concerned about the two hops in quick succession, because they were in the past.
Regarding pay increases. if you are still seeing offers for big increases you started out seriously underpaid. Or you are jumping to new positions for very small increases in pay. There was a time that a 10% increase was just to cover the pain and suffering for the change in employers.
I have advised my kids when you buy a piece of technology, such as a phone or computer, never look at another ad for 6 months to a year. Otherwise you will find a better deal the next week, or when the next model is be released: and you will wish you waited.
You need to ignore all unsolicited job inquiries, and you need to stop looking at other job postings. We say that some people have to buy on the bleeding edge. Maybe that is how you choose your jobs. |
48,171 | In the last 2 years I had three jobs.
The short story is that I changed jobs twice for better pay or better opportunities. However, life is expensive and I keep getting contacted for new opportunities.
But now interviewers started asking me "why do you keep changing jobs".
The honest answer is that life is expensive and I found better paying jobs with better opportunities.
It seems to be that these people want to pay me little AND to keep me as long as possible. I don't understand how to handle/negotiate this. I would be happy to change company for a higher salary now, but I am worried about the situation. | 2015/06/12 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/48171",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | You first need to evaluate why you are job-hopping. You are saying:
* "The short story is that I changed jobs twice for better pay or better opportunities." Yet you stay less than a year.
* "The honest answer is that life is expensive and I found better paying jobs with better opportunities." Yet you stay less than a year.
The way to avoid the stigma, is to stay longer. I would look at your resume and say there are several possibilities:
* They are looking for the right place to work, but don't know what it is.
* They are jumping for better pay.
* They are not as good a their resume appears, thus are being forced out.
* They are unlucky and the job situation deteriorates for reasons outside their control.
As you notice the first three reasons don't make we want to hire you. If you were to work for your current employer for the next several years I would be less concerned about the two hops in quick succession, because they were in the past.
Regarding pay increases. if you are still seeing offers for big increases you started out seriously underpaid. Or you are jumping to new positions for very small increases in pay. There was a time that a 10% increase was just to cover the pain and suffering for the change in employers.
I have advised my kids when you buy a piece of technology, such as a phone or computer, never look at another ad for 6 months to a year. Otherwise you will find a better deal the next week, or when the next model is be released: and you will wish you waited.
You need to ignore all unsolicited job inquiries, and you need to stop looking at other job postings. We say that some people have to buy on the bleeding edge. Maybe that is how you choose your jobs. | Compensation is about value, your value to the employer will lead directly to your level of compensation. This has two angles.
First, any value your skill-set may bring to the table will be offset by the perceived risk of you leaving in a short time. Companies don't want to invest the expense of hiring and on-boarding someone who is going to leave in a year. That means either they won't offer you a job or they will offer less compensation in the initial offer to offset the other costs.
Secondly, you can improve you compensation by improving your value. Dedicate some time to one employer. Become the best at what you do in your department, get a promotion. You don't have to leave to get better compensation and opportunities, you can also get there by hard work and a willingness to wait a little time.
As a hiring manager, I don't mind seeing some job switching, sometimes things happen to employees and employers that cause a change. But there is a limit to this, and I will quickly discard resumes that show too much job hopping. I can't see many reasons why I would want to hire someone with 3 jobs in 2 years. Either they aren't good enough for the companies to want to keep them or they keep moving for their own interests, neither one of these is a good thing for me when I am hiring. |
48,171 | In the last 2 years I had three jobs.
The short story is that I changed jobs twice for better pay or better opportunities. However, life is expensive and I keep getting contacted for new opportunities.
But now interviewers started asking me "why do you keep changing jobs".
The honest answer is that life is expensive and I found better paying jobs with better opportunities.
It seems to be that these people want to pay me little AND to keep me as long as possible. I don't understand how to handle/negotiate this. I would be happy to change company for a higher salary now, but I am worried about the situation. | 2015/06/12 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/48171",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | >
> I keep being offered better jobs, but… how to sell yearly job changes?
>
>
>
You don't sell yearly job changes. Your holding three jobs in two years is no advantage to a potential employer - just for you. So there is nothing about it to sell.
When asked, you can be honest about the better salary and better opportunity. You might be better off if you emphasize the "better opportunity" part.
>
> but I am worried about the situation
>
>
>
It's reasonable to be worried. At some point, job-hopping becomes a detriment and can cause many potential employers to reject you.
Think of it from the employer's prospective.
It's a lot of work to hire someone. You need to create a job description and requisition, get it approved, work with recruiters, read many resumes, conduct phone screens and in-person interviews, select a candidate, negotiate an offer, etc, etc.
Then once you get an acceptance, that new employee still needs to get trained before becoming a productive member of the team. This takes time from the manager, team members, and other staff.
Hiring is time consuming, and expensive.
Thus, as a hiring manager, you want to make sure you bring on someone who will be around long enough to justify all that work and expense. You don't want someone who will just turn around and quit soon.
In addition, when considering a job-hopper, a hiring manager needs to consider "Am I hiring someone with 5 years of experience? Or someone with 1 year of experience repeated 5 times?"
>
> Please advise.
>
>
>
My advice is to try harder when seeking your next job to find one that will be a good fit for you for more than just a year or so.
Think about what would be "good enough" rather than everything that could be "just a tiny bit better".
Find ways to learn and grow within a company.
If all this doesn't appeal to you, consider becoming an independent contractor. That way, you would be expected to jump from gig to gig. And if you are good, and continue to expand your expertise, you can demand an ever-increasing rate of pay. | 'It seems to be that these people want to pay me little AND to keep me as long as possible."
We can't have that, can we?
"I don't understand how to handle/negotiate this. I would be happy yo change company for a higher salary now, but I am worried about the situation. Please advise."
Nothing to worry about. You don't give a damn about their priorities and they don't give a damn about yours. Fair exchange.
Either you start changing your me-me-me mindset or you are headed straight for long tern unemployment - The good prospective employers won't want to be your stepping stone to a better offer and consider you as a flight risk. The bottom feeders won't hire you because you cost too much and they believe that you won't stick around. Result: you fall between two chairs and no one wants you. Or needs you.
I'll note that at this point in time, your work history is well on its way to accurately reflecting your me-me-me mindset. Which is why you are suddenly concerned enough to ask for advice on this site. |
48,171 | In the last 2 years I had three jobs.
The short story is that I changed jobs twice for better pay or better opportunities. However, life is expensive and I keep getting contacted for new opportunities.
But now interviewers started asking me "why do you keep changing jobs".
The honest answer is that life is expensive and I found better paying jobs with better opportunities.
It seems to be that these people want to pay me little AND to keep me as long as possible. I don't understand how to handle/negotiate this. I would be happy to change company for a higher salary now, but I am worried about the situation. | 2015/06/12 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/48171",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | I don't think you can 'sell' your frequent job changes. What you *can* do to stop this pattern is *aim higher*.
Clearly, based on your frequent offers that just keep increasing the pay, you belong at a top position. But based on your history, you have started far too low and are moving up one little step at a time.
These companies don't want to be the next little step for someone who doesn't belong there.
So you should think about stopping the timid stepping, and aim for a leap up the ladder. Figure out where your perfect job is. One that nothing could take you away from. Development lead at Microsoft or Google? Something big in a cool city? Then aim for it. Stay in your current position unless you get an offer at least that good.
Those companies know that those kinds of positions are dream jobs, and thus can really hold on to talent. If you're in paradise, why leave? Also, when you get the highest job you are qualified for, you are less of a flight risk because there is nowhere higher to go for a while. Any move would be merely sideways.
If you belong higher up, either go directly there or be content to stay where you are. Don't waste people's time climbing step by step. | Assuming you aren't quitting your current job before interviewing at new prospective employers then I don't see why you'd say anything but the truth.
"I receive a lot of unsolicited inquiries about me moving companies, just as you are doing now, which have increasingly more interesting work opportunities and compensations."
If the employer sees you as too much of a flight risk upon seeing how many different companies you've worked for then they may not hire you but you're in no worse position than if you hadn't gone on that next interview. I've never worked as a hiring manager but I would think the "oh no, that person is a flight risk" stigma would wear off after you've stayed with one employer for a few years. |
48,171 | In the last 2 years I had three jobs.
The short story is that I changed jobs twice for better pay or better opportunities. However, life is expensive and I keep getting contacted for new opportunities.
But now interviewers started asking me "why do you keep changing jobs".
The honest answer is that life is expensive and I found better paying jobs with better opportunities.
It seems to be that these people want to pay me little AND to keep me as long as possible. I don't understand how to handle/negotiate this. I would be happy to change company for a higher salary now, but I am worried about the situation. | 2015/06/12 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/48171",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | I don't think you can 'sell' your frequent job changes. What you *can* do to stop this pattern is *aim higher*.
Clearly, based on your frequent offers that just keep increasing the pay, you belong at a top position. But based on your history, you have started far too low and are moving up one little step at a time.
These companies don't want to be the next little step for someone who doesn't belong there.
So you should think about stopping the timid stepping, and aim for a leap up the ladder. Figure out where your perfect job is. One that nothing could take you away from. Development lead at Microsoft or Google? Something big in a cool city? Then aim for it. Stay in your current position unless you get an offer at least that good.
Those companies know that those kinds of positions are dream jobs, and thus can really hold on to talent. If you're in paradise, why leave? Also, when you get the highest job you are qualified for, you are less of a flight risk because there is nowhere higher to go for a while. Any move would be merely sideways.
If you belong higher up, either go directly there or be content to stay where you are. Don't waste people's time climbing step by step. | 'It seems to be that these people want to pay me little AND to keep me as long as possible."
We can't have that, can we?
"I don't understand how to handle/negotiate this. I would be happy yo change company for a higher salary now, but I am worried about the situation. Please advise."
Nothing to worry about. You don't give a damn about their priorities and they don't give a damn about yours. Fair exchange.
Either you start changing your me-me-me mindset or you are headed straight for long tern unemployment - The good prospective employers won't want to be your stepping stone to a better offer and consider you as a flight risk. The bottom feeders won't hire you because you cost too much and they believe that you won't stick around. Result: you fall between two chairs and no one wants you. Or needs you.
I'll note that at this point in time, your work history is well on its way to accurately reflecting your me-me-me mindset. Which is why you are suddenly concerned enough to ask for advice on this site. |
48,171 | In the last 2 years I had three jobs.
The short story is that I changed jobs twice for better pay or better opportunities. However, life is expensive and I keep getting contacted for new opportunities.
But now interviewers started asking me "why do you keep changing jobs".
The honest answer is that life is expensive and I found better paying jobs with better opportunities.
It seems to be that these people want to pay me little AND to keep me as long as possible. I don't understand how to handle/negotiate this. I would be happy to change company for a higher salary now, but I am worried about the situation. | 2015/06/12 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/48171",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | Assuming you aren't quitting your current job before interviewing at new prospective employers then I don't see why you'd say anything but the truth.
"I receive a lot of unsolicited inquiries about me moving companies, just as you are doing now, which have increasingly more interesting work opportunities and compensations."
If the employer sees you as too much of a flight risk upon seeing how many different companies you've worked for then they may not hire you but you're in no worse position than if you hadn't gone on that next interview. I've never worked as a hiring manager but I would think the "oh no, that person is a flight risk" stigma would wear off after you've stayed with one employer for a few years. | You are obviously opportunistic but as others have pointed out in the long run too much jumping is a flight risk. Are there or her factors that you are moving for? Could it be that aside from money there was xyz missing and also not making you stick around? I would focus in identifying xyz and find a place which offers these other sticking points to keep you from jumping boat so often. Is it lack of growth opportunities? You can make this known and get this grandfathered into your offer eg performance evaluation in 12 months or promotion consideration in 12 months |
48,171 | In the last 2 years I had three jobs.
The short story is that I changed jobs twice for better pay or better opportunities. However, life is expensive and I keep getting contacted for new opportunities.
But now interviewers started asking me "why do you keep changing jobs".
The honest answer is that life is expensive and I found better paying jobs with better opportunities.
It seems to be that these people want to pay me little AND to keep me as long as possible. I don't understand how to handle/negotiate this. I would be happy to change company for a higher salary now, but I am worried about the situation. | 2015/06/12 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/48171",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | Compensation is about value, your value to the employer will lead directly to your level of compensation. This has two angles.
First, any value your skill-set may bring to the table will be offset by the perceived risk of you leaving in a short time. Companies don't want to invest the expense of hiring and on-boarding someone who is going to leave in a year. That means either they won't offer you a job or they will offer less compensation in the initial offer to offset the other costs.
Secondly, you can improve you compensation by improving your value. Dedicate some time to one employer. Become the best at what you do in your department, get a promotion. You don't have to leave to get better compensation and opportunities, you can also get there by hard work and a willingness to wait a little time.
As a hiring manager, I don't mind seeing some job switching, sometimes things happen to employees and employers that cause a change. But there is a limit to this, and I will quickly discard resumes that show too much job hopping. I can't see many reasons why I would want to hire someone with 3 jobs in 2 years. Either they aren't good enough for the companies to want to keep them or they keep moving for their own interests, neither one of these is a good thing for me when I am hiring. | You are obviously opportunistic but as others have pointed out in the long run too much jumping is a flight risk. Are there or her factors that you are moving for? Could it be that aside from money there was xyz missing and also not making you stick around? I would focus in identifying xyz and find a place which offers these other sticking points to keep you from jumping boat so often. Is it lack of growth opportunities? You can make this known and get this grandfathered into your offer eg performance evaluation in 12 months or promotion consideration in 12 months |
48,171 | In the last 2 years I had three jobs.
The short story is that I changed jobs twice for better pay or better opportunities. However, life is expensive and I keep getting contacted for new opportunities.
But now interviewers started asking me "why do you keep changing jobs".
The honest answer is that life is expensive and I found better paying jobs with better opportunities.
It seems to be that these people want to pay me little AND to keep me as long as possible. I don't understand how to handle/negotiate this. I would be happy to change company for a higher salary now, but I am worried about the situation. | 2015/06/12 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/48171",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | You first need to evaluate why you are job-hopping. You are saying:
* "The short story is that I changed jobs twice for better pay or better opportunities." Yet you stay less than a year.
* "The honest answer is that life is expensive and I found better paying jobs with better opportunities." Yet you stay less than a year.
The way to avoid the stigma, is to stay longer. I would look at your resume and say there are several possibilities:
* They are looking for the right place to work, but don't know what it is.
* They are jumping for better pay.
* They are not as good a their resume appears, thus are being forced out.
* They are unlucky and the job situation deteriorates for reasons outside their control.
As you notice the first three reasons don't make we want to hire you. If you were to work for your current employer for the next several years I would be less concerned about the two hops in quick succession, because they were in the past.
Regarding pay increases. if you are still seeing offers for big increases you started out seriously underpaid. Or you are jumping to new positions for very small increases in pay. There was a time that a 10% increase was just to cover the pain and suffering for the change in employers.
I have advised my kids when you buy a piece of technology, such as a phone or computer, never look at another ad for 6 months to a year. Otherwise you will find a better deal the next week, or when the next model is be released: and you will wish you waited.
You need to ignore all unsolicited job inquiries, and you need to stop looking at other job postings. We say that some people have to buy on the bleeding edge. Maybe that is how you choose your jobs. | Assuming you aren't quitting your current job before interviewing at new prospective employers then I don't see why you'd say anything but the truth.
"I receive a lot of unsolicited inquiries about me moving companies, just as you are doing now, which have increasingly more interesting work opportunities and compensations."
If the employer sees you as too much of a flight risk upon seeing how many different companies you've worked for then they may not hire you but you're in no worse position than if you hadn't gone on that next interview. I've never worked as a hiring manager but I would think the "oh no, that person is a flight risk" stigma would wear off after you've stayed with one employer for a few years. |
51,510 | I have a list in SharePoint Foundation 2010 (ultimately for deployment to SharePoint Online).
The list currently has about 265 fields of type "single line of text".
When I try to add more columns in SharePoint Designer I get:
"Could not save the field changes to the server. The column cannot be added because the total size of the columns in this list exceeds the limit. Pleae delete some other columns first."
Am I in trouble here? I need to have 725 columns!
Thanks,
JT | 2012/11/13 | [
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/questions/51510",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/users/9973/"
] | You might want to consider re-architecting this solution as I can tell you from experience that the wider a list gets, the worse it performs. Certain browsers, like Internet Explorer, choke when rendering large complex views of data, often taking minutes to display or simply locking the system entirely. Lastly, there is a real-world limitation on how much data a human being can digest on a screen which is practically speaking, around 50 columns, not 725. Data Entry in such a system sounds like something bordering on the sadistic.
If this is intended for tracking some machine readings or other such content, it might make more sense to move this to a SQL database and then expose the table as a list in SharePoint through BCS. If this data is hierarchical in nature (master-detail) then split it up that way, with a master list that keeps the non-repeating data and a detail list of the repeating columns.
It is also possible that SharePoint is simply not the right tool for the job. SharePoint can do a lot of amazing things, but it cannot do everything. | please refer to this to understand sharepoint limmits ;)
<http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc262787.aspx#Column>
you might need to think about splitting the list into two.
or if you really want to keep it as one you can throttle but its highly not recommended as it can hinder on speeds and loading times.
<http://sympmarc.com/2012/07/23/sharepoints-list-view-lookup-threshold-and-why-we-dont-change-it/>
to know how to change it look here
>
> 1. Go to Central Administration
> 2. Go to 'Manage Application' under 'Application Management'
> 3. Choose the web application in which you want to make the changes (example : http:// yourserver:80)
> 4. In the ribbon follow 'General Settings -> Resource Throttling' there you can find 'List View Threshold' is set to 5000, change the value you want
>
>
>
above was taken from here:
[This view cannot be displayed because it exceeds the list view threshold (5000 items) enforced by the administrator](https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/questions/43183/this-view-cannot-be-displayed-because-it-exceeds-the-list-view-threshold-5000-i)
hope it helps :) |
51,510 | I have a list in SharePoint Foundation 2010 (ultimately for deployment to SharePoint Online).
The list currently has about 265 fields of type "single line of text".
When I try to add more columns in SharePoint Designer I get:
"Could not save the field changes to the server. The column cannot be added because the total size of the columns in this list exceeds the limit. Pleae delete some other columns first."
Am I in trouble here? I need to have 725 columns!
Thanks,
JT | 2012/11/13 | [
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/questions/51510",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/users/9973/"
] | You're attempting to exceed the column limits for a SharePoint List. Review this section of the SharePoint boundaries article: <http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc262787.aspx#Column>. | please refer to this to understand sharepoint limmits ;)
<http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc262787.aspx#Column>
you might need to think about splitting the list into two.
or if you really want to keep it as one you can throttle but its highly not recommended as it can hinder on speeds and loading times.
<http://sympmarc.com/2012/07/23/sharepoints-list-view-lookup-threshold-and-why-we-dont-change-it/>
to know how to change it look here
>
> 1. Go to Central Administration
> 2. Go to 'Manage Application' under 'Application Management'
> 3. Choose the web application in which you want to make the changes (example : http:// yourserver:80)
> 4. In the ribbon follow 'General Settings -> Resource Throttling' there you can find 'List View Threshold' is set to 5000, change the value you want
>
>
>
above was taken from here:
[This view cannot be displayed because it exceeds the list view threshold (5000 items) enforced by the administrator](https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/questions/43183/this-view-cannot-be-displayed-because-it-exceeds-the-list-view-threshold-5000-i)
hope it helps :) |
51,510 | I have a list in SharePoint Foundation 2010 (ultimately for deployment to SharePoint Online).
The list currently has about 265 fields of type "single line of text".
When I try to add more columns in SharePoint Designer I get:
"Could not save the field changes to the server. The column cannot be added because the total size of the columns in this list exceeds the limit. Pleae delete some other columns first."
Am I in trouble here? I need to have 725 columns!
Thanks,
JT | 2012/11/13 | [
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/questions/51510",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/users/9973/"
] | You might want to consider re-architecting this solution as I can tell you from experience that the wider a list gets, the worse it performs. Certain browsers, like Internet Explorer, choke when rendering large complex views of data, often taking minutes to display or simply locking the system entirely. Lastly, there is a real-world limitation on how much data a human being can digest on a screen which is practically speaking, around 50 columns, not 725. Data Entry in such a system sounds like something bordering on the sadistic.
If this is intended for tracking some machine readings or other such content, it might make more sense to move this to a SQL database and then expose the table as a list in SharePoint through BCS. If this data is hierarchical in nature (master-detail) then split it up that way, with a master list that keeps the non-repeating data and a detail list of the repeating columns.
It is also possible that SharePoint is simply not the right tool for the job. SharePoint can do a lot of amazing things, but it cannot do everything. | You're attempting to exceed the column limits for a SharePoint List. Review this section of the SharePoint boundaries article: <http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc262787.aspx#Column>. |
58,990,097 | I have to automate my web application login process. Steps have to follow manually are
-- login page opens --> enter credentials and click on login button
-- Now One mail will be sent to my personal outlook mail
-- I have to open that mail and click on one hyperlink text to open new window of application.
Please help me to how can I achieve this process by automation? | 2019/11/22 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/58990097",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/11701836/"
] | You can connect to outlook backend using your email and password
If you working in java, probably below link will help you getting started.
<https://www.tutorialspoint.com/javamail_api/javamail_api_checking_emails.htm>
Once you are connected, read the new mail say with certain subject and extract that mail content into the string.
Then extract hyperlink " " from that string and again you can use webdriver get to open that hyperlink in a separate window | Depends on how much control you have over the *application under test*. If you can disable 2FA for test applications
>
> then I would recommend do that (mark the 2fa login scenario for manual tests)
>
>
>
If you can use mailtrap or any other utility like that you can then
>
> automate the step using mailtrap's APIs (or whatever tool you go with)
>
>
>
Another option can be
>
> use microsoft's API to validate the email that is delivered to your outlook account.
>
>
> |
34,250 | I am no expert on this issue, I am maybe even using the wrong technical term. Anyway, my goal is this: to install a new OS from a server that has the installation documents etc so some settings in boot-loader apparently. I would like to install FreeBSD [here](http://www.freebsd.org/where.html) but I am lacking physical mediums to install it. Is there any easy way to upgrade the system through network (as far as I have understood, this is what the PXE is for)?
**Perhaps related**
1. <https://superuser.com/questions/397646/cloning-fresh-windows-7-fsed-hdd-to-linux-server-because-having-no-external-hdd> | 2012/03/15 | [
"https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/34250",
"https://unix.stackexchange.com",
"https://unix.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | I've always installed [OpenBSD](http://www.openbsd.org/) via PXE and I think their docs on the matter are great.
<http://www.openbsd.org/faq/faq6.html#PXE>
It is the same process as with FreeBSD, but you might find OpenBSD's documentation clearer and easier to follow. OpenBSD's installer lets you install core packages from remote http or ftp as well so you are free to host your own install files locally. If you're not committed to FreeBSD at this point you may want to just try out OpenBSD first. | A colleague of mine wrote a blog about this [here](http://tonkersten.com/2011/06/96-freebsd-pxe-boot-part-2/). It's quite some work, because you need several other services in order to bootstrap the installation. He also uses puppet which makes it quite fancy. But he describes the configuration of the needed components in detail. |
2,876 | The Space Exploration Stack Exchange site is scheduled to graduate from Beta to a full site today, December 16th.
The moderator team would like to congratulate our entire user base for the contributions that made this graduation possible. The hard work and diligence in asking and answering questions thoroughly and respectfully has helped get us here. Specifically, graduation criteria has been based on the longevity of our site, the number of open questions, and the number of open questions that have at least one upvoted answer.
Anyone will have the option to self-nominate for new moderator elections, which may take place possibly as far out as 2023. Site customization, such as custom background and badge design isn't immediately planned but may be available in the future.
It has been very rewarding serving as pro tem mod, and I greatly look forward to the future of Space Exploration!
The corresponding META announcement is here: [Congratulations to the 59 sites that just left Beta](https://meta.stackexchange.com/q/374096/303080)
Again, Congratulations!! | 2021/12/16 | [
"https://space.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/2876",
"https://space.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://space.meta.stackexchange.com/users/58/"
] | I remember when this site was a rejected proposal on Area 51, and now here it is, all grown up:-) Congrats everyone! | 3000 days in beta really does fly by in an instant! |
18,551,705 | What are the file formats which Android WebView can open, if any?
I wasn't able to find this information.
For iOS, Apple documented this nicely: <https://developer.apple.com/library/ios/qa/qa1630/_index.html#//apple_ref/doc/uid/DTS40008749> | 2013/08/31 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/18551705",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/283974/"
] | Well, it can open none of those formats that Apple lists. `WebView` handles Web formats: HTML, CSS, JS, SVG, etc., not document formats. | As mentioned by CommonsWare, the WebView on Android only supports what you would expect a normal browser to support for the purpose of web browsing. From my own experience, this includes pretty much all common MIME types starting with "image/" (i.e. "image/png", "image/jpeg", etc) as well as MIME types starting with "video/", "text/" and "audio/". It does support some other MIME types too (i.e. "application/xml"), but you would have to create a whitelist for that as a lot of things are not supported (e.g. "application/x-abiword"). |
1 | I think a lot of people have questions that are not directly related to a technical question per se, but rather a "how do I approach this issue" question. Almost a best practice type of question.
How receptive should we be to questions that, while valid, may not be inline with the Stack Exchange Q&A standards? Are we allowed to `safely` use the term "best practice" in a Tridion discussion? | 2013/02/19 | [
"https://tridion.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/1",
"https://tridion.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://tridion.meta.stackexchange.com/users/33/"
] | As Rob points out this is one of the the reasons for this Stack Exchange to exist.
There are a number of Stack Exchange sites (moms4mom, cooking, programming) which embrace questions which are going to result in subjective type answers. As long as the OP's original question isn't 'too subjective' and the people answering the questions follow the ['Back It Up! Principle'](http://moms4mom.com/back-it-up) talked about in [Good Subjective, Bad Subjective](http://blog.stackoverflow.com/2010/09/good-subjective-bad-subjective/) I think best-practice type questions and answers should be embraced and welcomed.
From my perspective, I would like this site to be both for Tridion knowledge Q&A as well as answering specific quesitons with objective answers like Serverfault/StackOverflow/Webmasters. | It's a grey area but it's also one of the reasons for the Stack Exchange site existing. There will definitely be questions like is X approach better than Y approach or what is the recommended way to do Z.
A lot of topics - e.g. Navigation, have several ways to approach them and each has their pros and cons but as a newbie, these pros and cons aren't necessarily obvious and it would be good to have them explained somewhere.
I guess it comes down to what we want the goal of the site to be, are we for disucssion of Tridion knowledge a la Programmers or are we for answering specific questions like Serverfault/StackOverflow.
Could we make use of the [Community Wiki functionality](https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/11740/what-are-community-wiki-posts) here?
I'd say we keep an eye on it and watch out for argumentative questions e.g. "Why is X better than Y?" but allow for "What is the recommended way to do X?" as long as the answers give all arguments?
This is a hard question. |
1 | I think a lot of people have questions that are not directly related to a technical question per se, but rather a "how do I approach this issue" question. Almost a best practice type of question.
How receptive should we be to questions that, while valid, may not be inline with the Stack Exchange Q&A standards? Are we allowed to `safely` use the term "best practice" in a Tridion discussion? | 2013/02/19 | [
"https://tridion.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/1",
"https://tridion.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://tridion.meta.stackexchange.com/users/33/"
] | It's a grey area but it's also one of the reasons for the Stack Exchange site existing. There will definitely be questions like is X approach better than Y approach or what is the recommended way to do Z.
A lot of topics - e.g. Navigation, have several ways to approach them and each has their pros and cons but as a newbie, these pros and cons aren't necessarily obvious and it would be good to have them explained somewhere.
I guess it comes down to what we want the goal of the site to be, are we for disucssion of Tridion knowledge a la Programmers or are we for answering specific questions like Serverfault/StackOverflow.
Could we make use of the [Community Wiki functionality](https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/11740/what-are-community-wiki-posts) here?
I'd say we keep an eye on it and watch out for argumentative questions e.g. "Why is X better than Y?" but allow for "What is the recommended way to do X?" as long as the answers give all arguments?
This is a hard question. | I think we can relax the requirement for "practical, answerable questions" if we have recognizable answers, keep high standards for questions, and focus on actual problems.
* The question should result in a set of recognizable answers, patterns, or approaches seen in SDL training, documentation, or examples online.
* We should keep high standards for well-researched questions. The asker should do some research, explain their reasoning, and provide sufficient background.
* We should keep the "on actual problems that you face" part.
The resulting Q&As should reflect specific solutions as well as good practices and approaches, even if "best practice" is up for debate. |
1 | I think a lot of people have questions that are not directly related to a technical question per se, but rather a "how do I approach this issue" question. Almost a best practice type of question.
How receptive should we be to questions that, while valid, may not be inline with the Stack Exchange Q&A standards? Are we allowed to `safely` use the term "best practice" in a Tridion discussion? | 2013/02/19 | [
"https://tridion.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/1",
"https://tridion.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://tridion.meta.stackexchange.com/users/33/"
] | As Rob points out this is one of the the reasons for this Stack Exchange to exist.
There are a number of Stack Exchange sites (moms4mom, cooking, programming) which embrace questions which are going to result in subjective type answers. As long as the OP's original question isn't 'too subjective' and the people answering the questions follow the ['Back It Up! Principle'](http://moms4mom.com/back-it-up) talked about in [Good Subjective, Bad Subjective](http://blog.stackoverflow.com/2010/09/good-subjective-bad-subjective/) I think best-practice type questions and answers should be embraced and welcomed.
From my perspective, I would like this site to be both for Tridion knowledge Q&A as well as answering specific quesitons with objective answers like Serverfault/StackOverflow/Webmasters. | I think we can relax the requirement for "practical, answerable questions" if we have recognizable answers, keep high standards for questions, and focus on actual problems.
* The question should result in a set of recognizable answers, patterns, or approaches seen in SDL training, documentation, or examples online.
* We should keep high standards for well-researched questions. The asker should do some research, explain their reasoning, and provide sufficient background.
* We should keep the "on actual problems that you face" part.
The resulting Q&As should reflect specific solutions as well as good practices and approaches, even if "best practice" is up for debate. |
1 | I think a lot of people have questions that are not directly related to a technical question per se, but rather a "how do I approach this issue" question. Almost a best practice type of question.
How receptive should we be to questions that, while valid, may not be inline with the Stack Exchange Q&A standards? Are we allowed to `safely` use the term "best practice" in a Tridion discussion? | 2013/02/19 | [
"https://tridion.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/1",
"https://tridion.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://tridion.meta.stackexchange.com/users/33/"
] | As Rob points out this is one of the the reasons for this Stack Exchange to exist.
There are a number of Stack Exchange sites (moms4mom, cooking, programming) which embrace questions which are going to result in subjective type answers. As long as the OP's original question isn't 'too subjective' and the people answering the questions follow the ['Back It Up! Principle'](http://moms4mom.com/back-it-up) talked about in [Good Subjective, Bad Subjective](http://blog.stackoverflow.com/2010/09/good-subjective-bad-subjective/) I think best-practice type questions and answers should be embraced and welcomed.
From my perspective, I would like this site to be both for Tridion knowledge Q&A as well as answering specific quesitons with objective answers like Serverfault/StackOverflow/Webmasters. | If we stick to the statement: "You should only ask practical, answerable questions based on actual problems that you face.", I think everything will fit.
Stack Overflow expects answers to be supported by facts, references, or specific expertise. Answering a best practice type of question, should then be perfectly fine since it can be supported by either references or specific expertise. |
1 | I think a lot of people have questions that are not directly related to a technical question per se, but rather a "how do I approach this issue" question. Almost a best practice type of question.
How receptive should we be to questions that, while valid, may not be inline with the Stack Exchange Q&A standards? Are we allowed to `safely` use the term "best practice" in a Tridion discussion? | 2013/02/19 | [
"https://tridion.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/1",
"https://tridion.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://tridion.meta.stackexchange.com/users/33/"
] | If we stick to the statement: "You should only ask practical, answerable questions based on actual problems that you face.", I think everything will fit.
Stack Overflow expects answers to be supported by facts, references, or specific expertise. Answering a best practice type of question, should then be perfectly fine since it can be supported by either references or specific expertise. | I think we can relax the requirement for "practical, answerable questions" if we have recognizable answers, keep high standards for questions, and focus on actual problems.
* The question should result in a set of recognizable answers, patterns, or approaches seen in SDL training, documentation, or examples online.
* We should keep high standards for well-researched questions. The asker should do some research, explain their reasoning, and provide sufficient background.
* We should keep the "on actual problems that you face" part.
The resulting Q&As should reflect specific solutions as well as good practices and approaches, even if "best practice" is up for debate. |
56,376 | It has been a while since I saw it so please forgive me for asking.
In Star Trek 2009 Kirk is thrown off the Enterprise, his escape capsule crashes on a Moon.
Is it coincidence that his crash-location is within walking distance to 'Spock's cave' (and that he walked in the direction of the cave)?
A time-traveling Spock could know where Kirk was crashing&running so he could have waited at that cave. **But** aside from Spock's time-travel being accidental (and thus probably not having the location-info) he is very surprised to see Kirk run into his cave. So is it just coincidence? | 2014/05/15 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/56376",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/22856/"
] | **Yup!**
Old Spock was on [Delta Vega](http://en.memory-alpha.org/wiki/Delta_Vega_%28Vulcan_system%29) because he'd been essentially exiled (or, more appropriately, cast aside) by Nero on that planet1, specifically because (miraculously) it was close enough to Vulcan to see it being destroyed, but not close enough for it to be pulled in or otherwise affected by the black hole Nero created to destroy it.
It was certainly *not* deliberate: Old Spock had no say in the matter, and it's extraordinarily doubtful that Nero would have put him where Kirk would find him (to say nothing of the fact that, given how drastically they've already altered the timeline, neither of them could have had any relevant prescient knowledge of these events anyway).
Kirk arrived there by sheer accident, it simply being the most convenient place for Young Spock to drop him off when he exiled him.
So, yes, Young Spock just *happened* to drop Kirk off on the same planet Old Spock was on, and Kirk just *happened* to land close enough, and just *happened* to walk in the right direction, for the two to meet. So, yes, one big cosmic coincidence.
---
1 Not a moon! Vulcan [has (had) no moon](http://en.memory-alpha.org/wiki/Vulcan_%28planet%29). Well, I guess it could have been a moon around a neighboring planet in the system, but could just as easily (and arguably more likely) have been said planet. | Its a bit of a coincidence but not as big as it seems. Spock was there because his captors were attacking Vulcan and that moon was a good place to leave him to watch. Kirk was there because his ship had been deployed to stop that same attack, Kirk's rebellion occurred while in orbit and again it was a convenient place to drop him that wasn't Vulcan itself. Since Kirk would also be dropped onto the side of the moon facing Vulcan given the circumstances, that puts Kirk and Spock on the same side of the same moon.
From there, they were both headed to the same base. The chances of their paths eventually converging are a bit small but not infinitesimal. Especially if beasts and elements were forcing them both to seek shelter along the way. But given that all the original Star Trek crew managed to end up on the same ship regardless of differences in the timeline, it could be one of those "timeline trying to fix itself" things.
Basically, coincidence yes, cosmic coincidence, no. |
56,376 | It has been a while since I saw it so please forgive me for asking.
In Star Trek 2009 Kirk is thrown off the Enterprise, his escape capsule crashes on a Moon.
Is it coincidence that his crash-location is within walking distance to 'Spock's cave' (and that he walked in the direction of the cave)?
A time-traveling Spock could know where Kirk was crashing&running so he could have waited at that cave. **But** aside from Spock's time-travel being accidental (and thus probably not having the location-info) he is very surprised to see Kirk run into his cave. So is it just coincidence? | 2014/05/15 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/56376",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/22856/"
] | Its a bit of a coincidence but not as big as it seems. Spock was there because his captors were attacking Vulcan and that moon was a good place to leave him to watch. Kirk was there because his ship had been deployed to stop that same attack, Kirk's rebellion occurred while in orbit and again it was a convenient place to drop him that wasn't Vulcan itself. Since Kirk would also be dropped onto the side of the moon facing Vulcan given the circumstances, that puts Kirk and Spock on the same side of the same moon.
From there, they were both headed to the same base. The chances of their paths eventually converging are a bit small but not infinitesimal. Especially if beasts and elements were forcing them both to seek shelter along the way. But given that all the original Star Trek crew managed to end up on the same ship regardless of differences in the timeline, it could be one of those "timeline trying to fix itself" things.
Basically, coincidence yes, cosmic coincidence, no. | I'd like to think that fate draws them to each other, like they were meant to be together. It brings something mystical to all the science fiction. |
56,376 | It has been a while since I saw it so please forgive me for asking.
In Star Trek 2009 Kirk is thrown off the Enterprise, his escape capsule crashes on a Moon.
Is it coincidence that his crash-location is within walking distance to 'Spock's cave' (and that he walked in the direction of the cave)?
A time-traveling Spock could know where Kirk was crashing&running so he could have waited at that cave. **But** aside from Spock's time-travel being accidental (and thus probably not having the location-info) he is very surprised to see Kirk run into his cave. So is it just coincidence? | 2014/05/15 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/56376",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/22856/"
] | Its a bit of a coincidence but not as big as it seems. Spock was there because his captors were attacking Vulcan and that moon was a good place to leave him to watch. Kirk was there because his ship had been deployed to stop that same attack, Kirk's rebellion occurred while in orbit and again it was a convenient place to drop him that wasn't Vulcan itself. Since Kirk would also be dropped onto the side of the moon facing Vulcan given the circumstances, that puts Kirk and Spock on the same side of the same moon.
From there, they were both headed to the same base. The chances of their paths eventually converging are a bit small but not infinitesimal. Especially if beasts and elements were forcing them both to seek shelter along the way. But given that all the original Star Trek crew managed to end up on the same ship regardless of differences in the timeline, it could be one of those "timeline trying to fix itself" things.
Basically, coincidence yes, cosmic coincidence, no. | Speculation follows.
In the TOS episode ["The City on the Edge of Forever"](https://memory-alpha.fandom.com/wiki/The_City_on_the_Edge_of_Forever_(episode)), Spock suggests that there are eddies and currents in time that could make it more likely that he and Kirk could have been brought somewhere close to where McCoy had appeared. (They're in New York City; Kirk had just speculated that McCoy could have landed in Boise, San Diego, or Outer Mongolia.)
These "eddies and currents" seem to be attributes of time itself, not of the Guardian of Forever that had brought them to 1930 Earth. Perhaps the same phenomenon could have handwavingly brought Kirk within walking distance of Spock. Or rather, since it was Spock who had traveled through time, it could have brought Spock to the place where Kirk *was going to* show up. (Oh, and Scotty is within walking distance of both of them.)
The same "eddies and currents" could explain why the counterparts of the crew are all together on the ISS Enterprise in "Mirror, Mirror", even though they're the product of a vastly different history.
Here's the relevant dialog from "The City on the Edge of Forever", copied from [IMDB](http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0708455/quotes):
>
> **Capt. Kirk**: Time we faced the unpleasant facts.
>
> **Spock**: First, I
> believe we have about a week before McCoy arrives, but we can't be
> certain.
>
> **Capt. Kirk**: Arrives where? Honolulu, Boise, San Diego? Why
> not Outer Mongolia, for that matter?
>
> **Spock**: There is a theory. There
> could be some logic to the belief that time is fluid, like a river,
> with currents, eddies, backwash.
>
> **Capt. Kirk**: And the same currents
> that swept McCoy to a certain time and place might sweep us there,
> too.
>
> **Spock**: Unless that is true, Captain, we have no hope.
>
>
> |
56,376 | It has been a while since I saw it so please forgive me for asking.
In Star Trek 2009 Kirk is thrown off the Enterprise, his escape capsule crashes on a Moon.
Is it coincidence that his crash-location is within walking distance to 'Spock's cave' (and that he walked in the direction of the cave)?
A time-traveling Spock could know where Kirk was crashing&running so he could have waited at that cave. **But** aside from Spock's time-travel being accidental (and thus probably not having the location-info) he is very surprised to see Kirk run into his cave. So is it just coincidence? | 2014/05/15 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/56376",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/22856/"
] | **Yup!**
Old Spock was on [Delta Vega](http://en.memory-alpha.org/wiki/Delta_Vega_%28Vulcan_system%29) because he'd been essentially exiled (or, more appropriately, cast aside) by Nero on that planet1, specifically because (miraculously) it was close enough to Vulcan to see it being destroyed, but not close enough for it to be pulled in or otherwise affected by the black hole Nero created to destroy it.
It was certainly *not* deliberate: Old Spock had no say in the matter, and it's extraordinarily doubtful that Nero would have put him where Kirk would find him (to say nothing of the fact that, given how drastically they've already altered the timeline, neither of them could have had any relevant prescient knowledge of these events anyway).
Kirk arrived there by sheer accident, it simply being the most convenient place for Young Spock to drop him off when he exiled him.
So, yes, Young Spock just *happened* to drop Kirk off on the same planet Old Spock was on, and Kirk just *happened* to land close enough, and just *happened* to walk in the right direction, for the two to meet. So, yes, one big cosmic coincidence.
---
1 Not a moon! Vulcan [has (had) no moon](http://en.memory-alpha.org/wiki/Vulcan_%28planet%29). Well, I guess it could have been a moon around a neighboring planet in the system, but could just as easily (and arguably more likely) have been said planet. | I'd like to think that fate draws them to each other, like they were meant to be together. It brings something mystical to all the science fiction. |
56,376 | It has been a while since I saw it so please forgive me for asking.
In Star Trek 2009 Kirk is thrown off the Enterprise, his escape capsule crashes on a Moon.
Is it coincidence that his crash-location is within walking distance to 'Spock's cave' (and that he walked in the direction of the cave)?
A time-traveling Spock could know where Kirk was crashing&running so he could have waited at that cave. **But** aside from Spock's time-travel being accidental (and thus probably not having the location-info) he is very surprised to see Kirk run into his cave. So is it just coincidence? | 2014/05/15 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/56376",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/22856/"
] | **Yup!**
Old Spock was on [Delta Vega](http://en.memory-alpha.org/wiki/Delta_Vega_%28Vulcan_system%29) because he'd been essentially exiled (or, more appropriately, cast aside) by Nero on that planet1, specifically because (miraculously) it was close enough to Vulcan to see it being destroyed, but not close enough for it to be pulled in or otherwise affected by the black hole Nero created to destroy it.
It was certainly *not* deliberate: Old Spock had no say in the matter, and it's extraordinarily doubtful that Nero would have put him where Kirk would find him (to say nothing of the fact that, given how drastically they've already altered the timeline, neither of them could have had any relevant prescient knowledge of these events anyway).
Kirk arrived there by sheer accident, it simply being the most convenient place for Young Spock to drop him off when he exiled him.
So, yes, Young Spock just *happened* to drop Kirk off on the same planet Old Spock was on, and Kirk just *happened* to land close enough, and just *happened* to walk in the right direction, for the two to meet. So, yes, one big cosmic coincidence.
---
1 Not a moon! Vulcan [has (had) no moon](http://en.memory-alpha.org/wiki/Vulcan_%28planet%29). Well, I guess it could have been a moon around a neighboring planet in the system, but could just as easily (and arguably more likely) have been said planet. | Speculation follows.
In the TOS episode ["The City on the Edge of Forever"](https://memory-alpha.fandom.com/wiki/The_City_on_the_Edge_of_Forever_(episode)), Spock suggests that there are eddies and currents in time that could make it more likely that he and Kirk could have been brought somewhere close to where McCoy had appeared. (They're in New York City; Kirk had just speculated that McCoy could have landed in Boise, San Diego, or Outer Mongolia.)
These "eddies and currents" seem to be attributes of time itself, not of the Guardian of Forever that had brought them to 1930 Earth. Perhaps the same phenomenon could have handwavingly brought Kirk within walking distance of Spock. Or rather, since it was Spock who had traveled through time, it could have brought Spock to the place where Kirk *was going to* show up. (Oh, and Scotty is within walking distance of both of them.)
The same "eddies and currents" could explain why the counterparts of the crew are all together on the ISS Enterprise in "Mirror, Mirror", even though they're the product of a vastly different history.
Here's the relevant dialog from "The City on the Edge of Forever", copied from [IMDB](http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0708455/quotes):
>
> **Capt. Kirk**: Time we faced the unpleasant facts.
>
> **Spock**: First, I
> believe we have about a week before McCoy arrives, but we can't be
> certain.
>
> **Capt. Kirk**: Arrives where? Honolulu, Boise, San Diego? Why
> not Outer Mongolia, for that matter?
>
> **Spock**: There is a theory. There
> could be some logic to the belief that time is fluid, like a river,
> with currents, eddies, backwash.
>
> **Capt. Kirk**: And the same currents
> that swept McCoy to a certain time and place might sweep us there,
> too.
>
> **Spock**: Unless that is true, Captain, we have no hope.
>
>
> |
56,376 | It has been a while since I saw it so please forgive me for asking.
In Star Trek 2009 Kirk is thrown off the Enterprise, his escape capsule crashes on a Moon.
Is it coincidence that his crash-location is within walking distance to 'Spock's cave' (and that he walked in the direction of the cave)?
A time-traveling Spock could know where Kirk was crashing&running so he could have waited at that cave. **But** aside from Spock's time-travel being accidental (and thus probably not having the location-info) he is very surprised to see Kirk run into his cave. So is it just coincidence? | 2014/05/15 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/56376",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/22856/"
] | Speculation follows.
In the TOS episode ["The City on the Edge of Forever"](https://memory-alpha.fandom.com/wiki/The_City_on_the_Edge_of_Forever_(episode)), Spock suggests that there are eddies and currents in time that could make it more likely that he and Kirk could have been brought somewhere close to where McCoy had appeared. (They're in New York City; Kirk had just speculated that McCoy could have landed in Boise, San Diego, or Outer Mongolia.)
These "eddies and currents" seem to be attributes of time itself, not of the Guardian of Forever that had brought them to 1930 Earth. Perhaps the same phenomenon could have handwavingly brought Kirk within walking distance of Spock. Or rather, since it was Spock who had traveled through time, it could have brought Spock to the place where Kirk *was going to* show up. (Oh, and Scotty is within walking distance of both of them.)
The same "eddies and currents" could explain why the counterparts of the crew are all together on the ISS Enterprise in "Mirror, Mirror", even though they're the product of a vastly different history.
Here's the relevant dialog from "The City on the Edge of Forever", copied from [IMDB](http://www.imdb.com/title/tt0708455/quotes):
>
> **Capt. Kirk**: Time we faced the unpleasant facts.
>
> **Spock**: First, I
> believe we have about a week before McCoy arrives, but we can't be
> certain.
>
> **Capt. Kirk**: Arrives where? Honolulu, Boise, San Diego? Why
> not Outer Mongolia, for that matter?
>
> **Spock**: There is a theory. There
> could be some logic to the belief that time is fluid, like a river,
> with currents, eddies, backwash.
>
> **Capt. Kirk**: And the same currents
> that swept McCoy to a certain time and place might sweep us there,
> too.
>
> **Spock**: Unless that is true, Captain, we have no hope.
>
>
> | I'd like to think that fate draws them to each other, like they were meant to be together. It brings something mystical to all the science fiction. |
28,815 | I picked this up because I've always enjoyed dialogue in RPGs. However, I can't really be sure that I'm making effective use of it. Most times, the conversation will plod along until I can activate pheromones, and the person I'm talking to gives in. But I'm a bit baffled as to the more subtle aspects of it.
Alpha, Beta, Omega types - these light up when the other person is speaking, but what specifically is it trying to tell me? Do they correspond to the 'best' response choice? Do they imply something else?
For some characters (like Sarif) I get a little info box describing his personality, and when I'm talking various animations pop on screen, like a heart, lungs, what I imagine is epidermis - but there's little indication as to what these mean. For others, I only get the Alpha, Beta, Omega boxes (like O'Malley).
In short, I feel like I'm getting results because I can just use the pheromones to get what I want, but I want to understand why. | 2011/08/27 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/28815",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/8827/"
] | The heart/lung/skin temperature monitors are just frill, as far as I can tell - the same animation plays every time they show up.
However, the box at the upper right corner gives extremely useful information as to the target's personality type that will help you decide how to approach the topic, and the persuasion bar in the upper left will show you how effective your tack has been so far.
As for the alpha/beta/omega types, the various personality types react differently to certain kinds of pheromone influence. If you decide to use them, you need to make your choice of which pheromone to use based on which personality type the subject has demonstrated most strongly during the conversation. | The short answer:
Watch the squares. Go with the most squares. Alpha is left, Beta is middle and Omega is the rightmost choice. Many characters flash one alpha square but show the other types longer and stronger, earlier in the conversation.
The long answer:
It seems to be derived from dog training. If I ever do a second playtrough I'll check the game against this theory - I'll try to win the conversations without the CASIE mod. (And help poor Malik this time. ;) ). I agree with Shadur's answer. Except that it also helps to read the psychological fact sheets. It contains hints like: "Can be destabilized by emotional arguments."
According to this theory Alphas are natural charismatic leaders, with natural authority. Like Hugh Darrow and David Sarif. And I guess this politician too. They should be susceptible to real power and strong arguments.
Betas are noisy wannabe leaders. Like the terrorist guy in the first mission. You can bark them into place.
Omegas are the real underdogs. Lowest ranking, lacking in confidence. So according to the theory you can boost their confidence - in the right direction, that is. I'm guessing most scienctists are omega.
It's a funny choice of theory for human interaction. DISC, or MBTI would have been more appropriate. |
58,721 | I have a student in my course that does well on the exams, and his answers to the exam questions show a deep understanding of the material. However, this student has not been handing in the assigned homeworks and has a missed a few lab assignments, as well. I've been told by other faculty that he has a job which keeps him up late, and have noticed that he struggles to stay awake at times during the class.
Depending on how he fares on a project worth a large portion of his grade, and the final exam, the missed homeworks/labs could cause his grade to be below a C, which is the required grade that a student must receive if they are to advance to the second, more advanced course [and, a C grade is also needed to get credit for the course; otherwise, the student will need to retake it again on the next offering, which isn't until two semesters from now]. Further, this student is a senior, so a D grade would be a major setback for him.
For those of you who have been in this situation before as an instructor, my question:
>
> Have you ever passed/failed a student like the one described above? If so, do you regret your decision? Why or why not?
>
>
> | 2015/11/23 | [
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/58721",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/users/11192/"
] | There are many answers already, but let me give one that applies in France (hoping I am not the only French around here).
First, Universities usually have special attendance waivers for students who work aside their studies. Students have to declare this early to make university able to accommodate them, but it is always a good thing to let them know they should disclose their situation to the person in charge. Note that some otherwise mandatory requirement can be waived (e.g. some homework, some in-class evaluations) but that some cannot (e.g. practical work in experimental sciences are usually too important a part of the curriculum to be waived).
Second, the grading system is often only loosely defined, which makes one able to adapt it to the case. One should of course always be as fair and as precise as possible, to make the grade really reflect what it should measure.
Third, even if the grading scheme has been precisely established and cannot be changed at all, the end-of-year jury has complete power of changing grades. Be sure to attend it so that the student's case is treated appropriately. Short of that, make sure the case is known to all colleagues. | My approach in this kind of situation has been to follow my syllabus and grading process to the letter. Students who earn Fs, even those who need a passing grade to advance, get Fs. If they need a heads up to see this coming, then it's definitely worth pulling them aside and telling them. It really can change their approach. |
58,721 | I have a student in my course that does well on the exams, and his answers to the exam questions show a deep understanding of the material. However, this student has not been handing in the assigned homeworks and has a missed a few lab assignments, as well. I've been told by other faculty that he has a job which keeps him up late, and have noticed that he struggles to stay awake at times during the class.
Depending on how he fares on a project worth a large portion of his grade, and the final exam, the missed homeworks/labs could cause his grade to be below a C, which is the required grade that a student must receive if they are to advance to the second, more advanced course [and, a C grade is also needed to get credit for the course; otherwise, the student will need to retake it again on the next offering, which isn't until two semesters from now]. Further, this student is a senior, so a D grade would be a major setback for him.
For those of you who have been in this situation before as an instructor, my question:
>
> Have you ever passed/failed a student like the one described above? If so, do you regret your decision? Why or why not?
>
>
> | 2015/11/23 | [
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/58721",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/users/11192/"
] | I strongly recommend you start with whatever the policy is in your syllabus. Most syllabi contain details about grading, points allocation, etc. By starting here, you can avoid any claims of "unique treatment", given that everyone received the same instructions.
That said, it sounds as though your student has a unique personal situation causing him to have difficulty completing all the material. In that case, I would follow the advice of ff524 and meet with the student privately to discuss. Simply bring the issue up and see what the student says. A comment of "I don't need to do your stupid homework, I'm good enough at the material without it" may deserve a different reaction than "I would love to do it but I simply don't have time with my other responsibilities". | I know what you want to do. You want to give them a break. BUT, you established grading standards for the entire class. It would be unfair to treat this student differently from the rest. And you can be penalized for doing so. If you don't want to enforce your own standard, then you should create a new one for the next class. But you must enforce the one you established for this class. |
58,721 | I have a student in my course that does well on the exams, and his answers to the exam questions show a deep understanding of the material. However, this student has not been handing in the assigned homeworks and has a missed a few lab assignments, as well. I've been told by other faculty that he has a job which keeps him up late, and have noticed that he struggles to stay awake at times during the class.
Depending on how he fares on a project worth a large portion of his grade, and the final exam, the missed homeworks/labs could cause his grade to be below a C, which is the required grade that a student must receive if they are to advance to the second, more advanced course [and, a C grade is also needed to get credit for the course; otherwise, the student will need to retake it again on the next offering, which isn't until two semesters from now]. Further, this student is a senior, so a D grade would be a major setback for him.
For those of you who have been in this situation before as an instructor, my question:
>
> Have you ever passed/failed a student like the one described above? If so, do you regret your decision? Why or why not?
>
>
> | 2015/11/23 | [
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/58721",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/users/11192/"
] | I had a professor that instituted a "flex" grading system (for all students) to cover this contingency.
There were three aspects of the course: 1) homework 2) hourly exams, and 3) the final, weighted 1/3, 1/3, 1/3.
But if some student did markedly better or worse on one aspect of the course, the professor would re-weight the grades 40% for the best aspect, 25% for the worst aspect, and 35% for the middle one. That way, each part of the course would have a minimum weight of 25% and a maximum weight of 40%, but students with skewed grades were given a benefit compared to the 1/3, 1/3, 1/3.
The professor's experience was that the "re-weighting" *rarely* changed anyones' grade, but might for the odd student. I was that odd student. | My approach in this kind of situation has been to follow my syllabus and grading process to the letter. Students who earn Fs, even those who need a passing grade to advance, get Fs. If they need a heads up to see this coming, then it's definitely worth pulling them aside and telling them. It really can change their approach. |
58,721 | I have a student in my course that does well on the exams, and his answers to the exam questions show a deep understanding of the material. However, this student has not been handing in the assigned homeworks and has a missed a few lab assignments, as well. I've been told by other faculty that he has a job which keeps him up late, and have noticed that he struggles to stay awake at times during the class.
Depending on how he fares on a project worth a large portion of his grade, and the final exam, the missed homeworks/labs could cause his grade to be below a C, which is the required grade that a student must receive if they are to advance to the second, more advanced course [and, a C grade is also needed to get credit for the course; otherwise, the student will need to retake it again on the next offering, which isn't until two semesters from now]. Further, this student is a senior, so a D grade would be a major setback for him.
For those of you who have been in this situation before as an instructor, my question:
>
> Have you ever passed/failed a student like the one described above? If so, do you regret your decision? Why or why not?
>
>
> | 2015/11/23 | [
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/58721",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/users/11192/"
] | There are many answers already, but let me give one that applies in France (hoping I am not the only French around here).
First, Universities usually have special attendance waivers for students who work aside their studies. Students have to declare this early to make university able to accommodate them, but it is always a good thing to let them know they should disclose their situation to the person in charge. Note that some otherwise mandatory requirement can be waived (e.g. some homework, some in-class evaluations) but that some cannot (e.g. practical work in experimental sciences are usually too important a part of the curriculum to be waived).
Second, the grading system is often only loosely defined, which makes one able to adapt it to the case. One should of course always be as fair and as precise as possible, to make the grade really reflect what it should measure.
Third, even if the grading scheme has been precisely established and cannot be changed at all, the end-of-year jury has complete power of changing grades. Be sure to attend it so that the student's case is treated appropriately. Short of that, make sure the case is known to all colleagues. | What do you wish a grade in your class to mean? If you ignore the missing homework, a good grade in your class will indicate that a student has a strong grasp of the material and a high level of skill in solving the sorts of problems which you put on your tests within time limits. If you penalize the missing homework enough to make excellent test performance alone inadequate to obtain the good grade, a good grade in your class will not reflect the students ability to utilize their knowledge of the material to solve problems under time constraints. They may still have a good grasp of the material, or they might not. If they get a poor grade, they may still have a good grasp of the material, or they might not. The homework-penalizing grading will, however, reflect a degree of subservience and submission to discipline even in situations where the homework has little to no benefit to the students knowledge. |
58,721 | I have a student in my course that does well on the exams, and his answers to the exam questions show a deep understanding of the material. However, this student has not been handing in the assigned homeworks and has a missed a few lab assignments, as well. I've been told by other faculty that he has a job which keeps him up late, and have noticed that he struggles to stay awake at times during the class.
Depending on how he fares on a project worth a large portion of his grade, and the final exam, the missed homeworks/labs could cause his grade to be below a C, which is the required grade that a student must receive if they are to advance to the second, more advanced course [and, a C grade is also needed to get credit for the course; otherwise, the student will need to retake it again on the next offering, which isn't until two semesters from now]. Further, this student is a senior, so a D grade would be a major setback for him.
For those of you who have been in this situation before as an instructor, my question:
>
> Have you ever passed/failed a student like the one described above? If so, do you regret your decision? Why or why not?
>
>
> | 2015/11/23 | [
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/58721",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/users/11192/"
] | Stick to your syllabus.
That doesn't mean you're out of options though. Talk to the student and determine a minimum number of assignments that the student must complete in order to reach that C. Concentrate on balancing assignments that the student can complete, with assignments that you feel are especially important.
My school has a similar grade requirement for meeting the prerequisite for advanced classes, although a student will get credit for the current class with a D. When faced with similar situations I have on occasion recommended students be accepted despite their lower than typical grade. That has had mixed results, bending the rules too much for a student will not do them any favors. | As others have said: default to the syllabus grading scheme to the letter. Diverging from this sends you down a sinkhole of making more modifications on the fly, trying to be fair to all students, running different case what-ifs, and generally doing a lot more work.
Given enough heads-up (again, as others said), I have specified a bare-minimum number of assignments that a student has to turn in to get a passing grade.
Also consider the appropriateness of an "Incomplete" grade. Although I almost never do it, if there is truly a unique situation that you want to account for, consider withholding the grade until the student passes in some bare-minimum work after the fact. A downside of this is that it does create more work for you (scheduling and following up), but in theory that grade status is designed to account for that. |
58,721 | I have a student in my course that does well on the exams, and his answers to the exam questions show a deep understanding of the material. However, this student has not been handing in the assigned homeworks and has a missed a few lab assignments, as well. I've been told by other faculty that he has a job which keeps him up late, and have noticed that he struggles to stay awake at times during the class.
Depending on how he fares on a project worth a large portion of his grade, and the final exam, the missed homeworks/labs could cause his grade to be below a C, which is the required grade that a student must receive if they are to advance to the second, more advanced course [and, a C grade is also needed to get credit for the course; otherwise, the student will need to retake it again on the next offering, which isn't until two semesters from now]. Further, this student is a senior, so a D grade would be a major setback for him.
For those of you who have been in this situation before as an instructor, my question:
>
> Have you ever passed/failed a student like the one described above? If so, do you regret your decision? Why or why not?
>
>
> | 2015/11/23 | [
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/58721",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/users/11192/"
] | **Talk to the Student now**
---------------------------
If possible you should communicate to the student exactly the precarious position they are in. Presumably this student is capable of completing the assignments and labs just like other students in the course. From the sounds of it, even doing an average to below-average job on these would substantially reduce the odds of a very negative outcome.
At that point the burden is on the student. You cannot make changes to the weighting of grades because of the external circumstances: this would really not be fair to other students. Presumably you have some notion of the percentage weights the various graded assignments are worth. Explain this, and make it clear that excellent performance on exams is simply not enough.
Of course, I would feel bad giving a D or lower to a student in this situation, but the grade *must* reflect the student's performance in the course as a whole. It is unethical to give a student a grade other than the one their coursework has earned. | Convert assignment to exam. Just explain the student that not everything can be verified in exam, that some kinds of performance, understanding can only be seen from assignment results, so assignment marks influence the exam marks.
As the student is doing exams well, he will do the assignments well also now, because they are part of the exam. Currently he probably does not think it is necessary. |
58,721 | I have a student in my course that does well on the exams, and his answers to the exam questions show a deep understanding of the material. However, this student has not been handing in the assigned homeworks and has a missed a few lab assignments, as well. I've been told by other faculty that he has a job which keeps him up late, and have noticed that he struggles to stay awake at times during the class.
Depending on how he fares on a project worth a large portion of his grade, and the final exam, the missed homeworks/labs could cause his grade to be below a C, which is the required grade that a student must receive if they are to advance to the second, more advanced course [and, a C grade is also needed to get credit for the course; otherwise, the student will need to retake it again on the next offering, which isn't until two semesters from now]. Further, this student is a senior, so a D grade would be a major setback for him.
For those of you who have been in this situation before as an instructor, my question:
>
> Have you ever passed/failed a student like the one described above? If so, do you regret your decision? Why or why not?
>
>
> | 2015/11/23 | [
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/58721",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/users/11192/"
] | Kudos to you for wanting to find a way for a talented and hard-working but over-extended student to succeed.
What is the right measure of whether the student is mastering the material in a way that supports the follow-on classes? Ideally, you will design your syllabus so that the student's grade will appropriately reflect their level of mastery. In some courses, there is no real mastery without lab mastery. In others, textbook-based conceptual mastery would suffice. They are many reasons why the grade contract on your syllabus might be incorrectly formulated. E.g., you might be weighting homework heavily because that is the only reasonable way to get pass rates appropriate to your institution. That is, sadly enough, sometimes it is unavoidable to reward effort instead of mastery. You say the student shows "deep understanding", and if by that you mean that he will be well prepared for the follow-on courses, you might propose a fair replacement for the grade contract on your syllabus. Make sure you would be comfortable offering every other student the same option. Then consider whether the grade contract on the syllabus should be altered to include this option. If yes, then you have probably found a good solution.
One strategy I use in courses where the final exam provides a comprehensive test of appropriate mastery is to give an A grade to anyone who gets an A on the final. (Of course, this is inappropriate in many courses.) Perhaps this offers a helpful starting point for dealing with this student. | Your syllabus has, or should have, a formula used to calculate the students' grades. This student is making a choice, based upon what he or she understands that formula to be, not to do the homework. Every student should be able to look at the grade formula, figure out what grade they can accept, weigh that against their goals and the time demands of their other courses and pursuits, and determine what they want to hand in.
Of course, doing the homework should help the student to generate an understanding of the topics in the course, and thus help the student do better on exams and major assignments. It could also help a student recognize red flags for a lack of understanding that merits extra attention. If the homework doesn't play such a role, or some other similar role, then it's just busy work, and you need to ask why its being assigned in the first place.
You should view the grade as a pre-established contract with the student put forth in the syllabus. If the student can abide by it, they stay in the course, and if they find they can't, they're free to make other plans. The fact that you're wrestling with this decision now seems to signal that you haven't clearly established this contract. Use this situation as an experience to sharpen your grade formula in the future such that a student in this situation would get the grade you feel is deserved, but for this semester you need to stick to whatever formula you conveyed. If you haven't conveyed a formula, do what you think is right, but *it is WRONG to place students in a situation where they don't understand what generates their grade* and you should certainly fix this for future iterations.
How much should homeworks count? My own personal feeling is that if it counts too much, it just encourages academic dishonesty. It should count enough that poor homework performance should certainly rule out an A, just to encourage students to do it. |
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