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80,375 | Recently, after doing some interviews, I received a very nice offer from one company (let's call them A).
One of the other places I interviewed at (B) had made very positive remarks following the interview, so I sent them an email to ask them if they had made a decision. In the email, I also notified them that I had an offer from a different company.
I am fairly confident that I will accept company A's offer, but I want to have as much information as I can before making a decision.
Company B said they were writing up an offer for me. They promised to send me the official offer in a few days, but in the meantime, they're asking me about my preferences around a few details such as the start date.
I don't want to reject their offer before seeing it, but it feels dishonest to discuss these details when I feel confident that I will accept company A's offer. **Particularly, it feels to me as though I am in a negotiating stage with company B before they give me an official offer.**
I am also still gathering a few last pieces of information from company A which might cause me to reconsider, so I want to emphasize that I am not merely trying to get information from company B for my ego's sake.
How should I proceed? | 2016/11/25 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/80375",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/60775/"
] | I think you are overlooking something.
You think they are asking you this because they will make a better offer, etc.
**I don't think so.**
Asking questions like this is a way to put you in the shoes of *the guy accepting the offer* (before even seeing it, it's brilliant!).
* So, when do you want to start?
* Which parking spot would you prefere?
* Do you like a green chair or a blue one?
* Do you want to sit next to Jane or Bob?
They don't really mind the answer, they want you to imagine working there.
As you answer those questions, the more you will identify working in this environement.
So, yes, answer you avaibility, there is nothing dishonnest about it, but don't be fooled about the intent. | Either you are open to considering B's offer or you aren't.
If you are, you should discuss anything that might sway your decision and there's nothing dishonest about it.
If you aren't, stop wasting everyone's time, accept A's offer and send your regrets to B. That, too, is "honest".
If you're jerking them around just out of curiosity to see what they will offer, despite having made your mind up, ***that*** is dishonest but the person you are hurting mst is yourself. Remember, the longer you delay in accepting A's offer, the higher the odds they will have hired someone else in the meantime. |
264,927 | This kind of sentence is really prevalent in a variety of articles.
>
> He is hewing out of the stone a piece of precious gold.
>
>
>
In my original thought, It should be like
>
> He is hewing a piece of precious gold out of the stone.
>
>
>
So I curious that whether this method can apply to everything?
But it is ridiculous to say things like
>
> I like in every aspect you.
>
>
> | 2020/10/31 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/264927",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/123630/"
] | "Shut up" is forceful and rude when applied to someone else. It is casual when applied to yourself. It should not be part of an official and formal apology.
By saying "I'll shut up" you imply that the person that you are apologising to has told you to "shut up". You imply that the person that you are apologising to has been rude to you. You imply that you are not really sorry, but just following orders. This is why it is not appropriate in this context. | "Shut up" as a command given to someone is certainly impolite. You can say among co-workers and friends "be quiet, stay quite, be silent" followed by "please". In formal occasions, you can say "I will have to ask you to be silent", "I may have to ask you to be quiet". In that way, you don't directly tell the person to be quiet, but you just express your intentions.
"I'll shut up" is not necessarily pertinent because it is not directed to someone else. However, the expression is still informal; something you can use among co-workers and friends. In formal occasions you may want to say "I'll be quiet... etc". |
87,425 | So I have been researching around a little as I am highly interested in Astrophysics and I came across an energy I have never heard of before; negative energy also commonly known as exotic energy. Now I started to research this however I found the concept rather hard to grasp due to a simple lack on information around on the Internet.
Could somebody kindly explain (if possible using real life analogies) what exactly negative energy is or at least the whole concept/theory behind it. | 2013/11/21 | [
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/87425",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/users/34418/"
] | Exotic energy is not really definable and is more or less generic but however I will elaborate, exotic matter\energy is any object or entity which is not either present at our current knowledge or is an hypothetical and not proven scientifically or is rare to discover or **maybe** unfortunately can never exist and will remain our dreams. To be honest I could even consider anti-matter to be exotic as it's not commonly encountered.
It's too generic to be given an set-solid definition for.
Negative energy\mass is again hypothetical as there are no proof of existence of such energy or mass thus is considered exotic. Nevertheless, let me elaborate on its effects and its hypothetical behavior.
Einstein describes all mass with positive value will "press" down upon fabric of space-time however "negative" shows all of the Negative mass to have negative mass (as straightforward as it sounds...) this means it should do an opposite as creating gravity - Negative gravity so unlike pulling it will push mass away from its space so that's one behavior of negative mass.
So in other words its **like** anti-gravity and due to this property its an ideal material for development of hyper-crafts and other sci-fi based technologies. However since its not or has been observed in space nor on an laboratory it still remains in the sci-fi category.
Final words, mathematics permits all kinds of unreal actions taking place such as being able to travel faster than $c$ (speed of light) however in physics they need to proven and tested therefore many physics concepts may be eligible and logically sensible in the beautiful language of mathematics but reality may not permit these things, therefore these may objects proven in mathematics and may never co-exist in our universe. | Negative energy is a quite different than Anti-matter. If you collide Anti-matter with regular matter you get a result with positive energy (Gamma rays). If you were to collide Negative energy and matter you would get nothing. It has negative mass (Anti-matter has a positive mass.) It is a hot topic in physics as it allows the creation of (Warp drives, Traversable Wormholes, Time machines, etc.)
A good analogy is money.
The amount of money in a bank account is the amount of energy. Negative energy would be like having a deficit of money in a bank account. |
87,425 | So I have been researching around a little as I am highly interested in Astrophysics and I came across an energy I have never heard of before; negative energy also commonly known as exotic energy. Now I started to research this however I found the concept rather hard to grasp due to a simple lack on information around on the Internet.
Could somebody kindly explain (if possible using real life analogies) what exactly negative energy is or at least the whole concept/theory behind it. | 2013/11/21 | [
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/87425",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/users/34418/"
] | Negative energy is a quite different than Anti-matter. If you collide Anti-matter with regular matter you get a result with positive energy (Gamma rays). If you were to collide Negative energy and matter you would get nothing. It has negative mass (Anti-matter has a positive mass.) It is a hot topic in physics as it allows the creation of (Warp drives, Traversable Wormholes, Time machines, etc.)
A good analogy is money.
The amount of money in a bank account is the amount of energy. Negative energy would be like having a deficit of money in a bank account. | Negative energy occurs when the energy level for a given space is below that which is considered zero energy. A zero energy space is not really zero but is always full of some virtual particles popping in and out of existence. |
87,425 | So I have been researching around a little as I am highly interested in Astrophysics and I came across an energy I have never heard of before; negative energy also commonly known as exotic energy. Now I started to research this however I found the concept rather hard to grasp due to a simple lack on information around on the Internet.
Could somebody kindly explain (if possible using real life analogies) what exactly negative energy is or at least the whole concept/theory behind it. | 2013/11/21 | [
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/87425",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/users/34418/"
] | Negative energy is a quite different than Anti-matter. If you collide Anti-matter with regular matter you get a result with positive energy (Gamma rays). If you were to collide Negative energy and matter you would get nothing. It has negative mass (Anti-matter has a positive mass.) It is a hot topic in physics as it allows the creation of (Warp drives, Traversable Wormholes, Time machines, etc.)
A good analogy is money.
The amount of money in a bank account is the amount of energy. Negative energy would be like having a deficit of money in a bank account. | In general relativity, the energy content of a region is given in terms of a stress-energy tensor. The elements of this tensor are not given by general relativity itself and can differ depending on what matter and fields are present. To try to draw general conclusions about what is allowed and forbidden in general relativity, physicists have tried to place restrictions called energy conditions on the properties of the stress-energy tensor. These energy conditions take the form of requiring certain quantities derived from the stress energy tensor to be positive since such restrictions forbid things like the existence of singularities outside black holes, the non-existence of traversable wormholes and that sort of thing. Fields and matter that violate such restrictions are said to have negative energy. There are lots of subtle mathematical results on the extent to which violations of the energy conditions might be possible. See
<http://arxiv.org/abs/1302.2859>
<http://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/0205066>
and references therein. |
87,425 | So I have been researching around a little as I am highly interested in Astrophysics and I came across an energy I have never heard of before; negative energy also commonly known as exotic energy. Now I started to research this however I found the concept rather hard to grasp due to a simple lack on information around on the Internet.
Could somebody kindly explain (if possible using real life analogies) what exactly negative energy is or at least the whole concept/theory behind it. | 2013/11/21 | [
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/87425",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/users/34418/"
] | Exotic energy is not really definable and is more or less generic but however I will elaborate, exotic matter\energy is any object or entity which is not either present at our current knowledge or is an hypothetical and not proven scientifically or is rare to discover or **maybe** unfortunately can never exist and will remain our dreams. To be honest I could even consider anti-matter to be exotic as it's not commonly encountered.
It's too generic to be given an set-solid definition for.
Negative energy\mass is again hypothetical as there are no proof of existence of such energy or mass thus is considered exotic. Nevertheless, let me elaborate on its effects and its hypothetical behavior.
Einstein describes all mass with positive value will "press" down upon fabric of space-time however "negative" shows all of the Negative mass to have negative mass (as straightforward as it sounds...) this means it should do an opposite as creating gravity - Negative gravity so unlike pulling it will push mass away from its space so that's one behavior of negative mass.
So in other words its **like** anti-gravity and due to this property its an ideal material for development of hyper-crafts and other sci-fi based technologies. However since its not or has been observed in space nor on an laboratory it still remains in the sci-fi category.
Final words, mathematics permits all kinds of unreal actions taking place such as being able to travel faster than $c$ (speed of light) however in physics they need to proven and tested therefore many physics concepts may be eligible and logically sensible in the beautiful language of mathematics but reality may not permit these things, therefore these may objects proven in mathematics and may never co-exist in our universe. | Negative energy occurs when the energy level for a given space is below that which is considered zero energy. A zero energy space is not really zero but is always full of some virtual particles popping in and out of existence. |
87,425 | So I have been researching around a little as I am highly interested in Astrophysics and I came across an energy I have never heard of before; negative energy also commonly known as exotic energy. Now I started to research this however I found the concept rather hard to grasp due to a simple lack on information around on the Internet.
Could somebody kindly explain (if possible using real life analogies) what exactly negative energy is or at least the whole concept/theory behind it. | 2013/11/21 | [
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/87425",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/users/34418/"
] | Exotic energy is not really definable and is more or less generic but however I will elaborate, exotic matter\energy is any object or entity which is not either present at our current knowledge or is an hypothetical and not proven scientifically or is rare to discover or **maybe** unfortunately can never exist and will remain our dreams. To be honest I could even consider anti-matter to be exotic as it's not commonly encountered.
It's too generic to be given an set-solid definition for.
Negative energy\mass is again hypothetical as there are no proof of existence of such energy or mass thus is considered exotic. Nevertheless, let me elaborate on its effects and its hypothetical behavior.
Einstein describes all mass with positive value will "press" down upon fabric of space-time however "negative" shows all of the Negative mass to have negative mass (as straightforward as it sounds...) this means it should do an opposite as creating gravity - Negative gravity so unlike pulling it will push mass away from its space so that's one behavior of negative mass.
So in other words its **like** anti-gravity and due to this property its an ideal material for development of hyper-crafts and other sci-fi based technologies. However since its not or has been observed in space nor on an laboratory it still remains in the sci-fi category.
Final words, mathematics permits all kinds of unreal actions taking place such as being able to travel faster than $c$ (speed of light) however in physics they need to proven and tested therefore many physics concepts may be eligible and logically sensible in the beautiful language of mathematics but reality may not permit these things, therefore these may objects proven in mathematics and may never co-exist in our universe. | In general relativity, the energy content of a region is given in terms of a stress-energy tensor. The elements of this tensor are not given by general relativity itself and can differ depending on what matter and fields are present. To try to draw general conclusions about what is allowed and forbidden in general relativity, physicists have tried to place restrictions called energy conditions on the properties of the stress-energy tensor. These energy conditions take the form of requiring certain quantities derived from the stress energy tensor to be positive since such restrictions forbid things like the existence of singularities outside black holes, the non-existence of traversable wormholes and that sort of thing. Fields and matter that violate such restrictions are said to have negative energy. There are lots of subtle mathematical results on the extent to which violations of the energy conditions might be possible. See
<http://arxiv.org/abs/1302.2859>
<http://arxiv.org/abs/gr-qc/0205066>
and references therein. |
185,690 | My current organization has 3 months notice period and I have resigned from here on 1st week of June. So, according to that my last day will be 2nd of Sept (Auto generated on company portal).
I do not have any project on my hand from last month so I was on pool. Today I got a call from HR that they are changing my last day to coming Monday since I am on pool and will give my basic salary till 2nd of Sept.
Currently I have an offer where my Start date is 5th Sept, so I will have a 2 months break if I have to join there. The thing is that I was also looking for other better opportunities in the time period, but now I have to join the company whichever I have on my hand right now.
Can I ask HR to change my last day to at least end of July? How will I justify the break to my next company? | 2022/06/17 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/185690",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/33707/"
] | >
> now I have to join the company whichever I have on my hand right now.
>
>
>
Why? Is something forcing you?
If you are relieved on monday and have two month on salary in advance why don't you take this time to look for other opportunities ?
If nothing is forcing you (and I doubt it) just keep it as it is.
I doubt someone will ask for a two month break, you may as well gave yourself some time to rest between the two employment or spend some time on a holyday.
If someone asks just answer trustfully: "My previous employer didn't have any short term plan to keep me busy and we agreed to cut the notice period short". | Theoretically, you are entitled to the contractually/legally guaranteed notice period. So you could demand to remain officially employed with the company and be sent on "[gardening leave](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/gardening-leave.asp)".
But why would you? The next company doesn't need to know that they let you go before the notice period. Also, depending on where you live, you might be entitled to unemployment benefits for those two month. You would miss out on those if you officially remain employed. |
185,690 | My current organization has 3 months notice period and I have resigned from here on 1st week of June. So, according to that my last day will be 2nd of Sept (Auto generated on company portal).
I do not have any project on my hand from last month so I was on pool. Today I got a call from HR that they are changing my last day to coming Monday since I am on pool and will give my basic salary till 2nd of Sept.
Currently I have an offer where my Start date is 5th Sept, so I will have a 2 months break if I have to join there. The thing is that I was also looking for other better opportunities in the time period, but now I have to join the company whichever I have on my hand right now.
Can I ask HR to change my last day to at least end of July? How will I justify the break to my next company? | 2022/06/17 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/185690",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/33707/"
] | >
> now I have to join the company whichever I have on my hand right now.
>
>
>
Why? Is something forcing you?
If you are relieved on monday and have two month on salary in advance why don't you take this time to look for other opportunities ?
If nothing is forcing you (and I doubt it) just keep it as it is.
I doubt someone will ask for a two month break, you may as well gave yourself some time to rest between the two employment or spend some time on a holyday.
If someone asks just answer trustfully: "My previous employer didn't have any short term plan to keep me busy and we agreed to cut the notice period short". | Just explaining how this works: In order to quit a job, you give notice. There will be some minimum notice period due to your contract and your country’s laws. If you have at least the required notice, the company has to accept that notice.
What can the company do? If you gave notice more than the legally required, they could give you a shorter notice. So if you gave three months notice, and only one month is required, they could give you one month notice. That would be nasty, but possible. Fortunately that didn’t happen.
The normal thing is that you work and get paid to the end of the notice period. But sometimes companies don’t want you in their office anymore, often if you are in a position where you could cause damage. The company can do one of two thing:
First, they can send you on gardening leave. Which means you stay at home, you don’t work, you still get paid, you are still employed. You have time to renovate your home, look after your garden, meet the kids. You can NOT start another job, because you are still employed.
Second, they can give you “payment in lieu of notice”. That means, instead of having to employ you, they can lay you off, but they need to pay your salary for the notice period. That's what happened to you if your description is correct. This may have tax advantages for the company, but for you it’s mostly the same. Important is that although you are technically unemployed, no sane employer would treat you as unemployed. (That doesn’t mean your new employer might not be one of the insane ones).
What I would tell you is to go to the new employer and tell them “my old employer is giving me payment in lieu of notice, so i can start two months earlier”. You can do them a favour if they want it.
And what do you mean “How do I justify this to my next employer?” There is nothing to justify. You are getting paid all the time. Even better, if they let you start earlier, you get paid twice for a month or two! If you say “I gave three months notice, but I got paid in lieu of notice”, that is a complete and totally acceptable statement of what happened. |
185,690 | My current organization has 3 months notice period and I have resigned from here on 1st week of June. So, according to that my last day will be 2nd of Sept (Auto generated on company portal).
I do not have any project on my hand from last month so I was on pool. Today I got a call from HR that they are changing my last day to coming Monday since I am on pool and will give my basic salary till 2nd of Sept.
Currently I have an offer where my Start date is 5th Sept, so I will have a 2 months break if I have to join there. The thing is that I was also looking for other better opportunities in the time period, but now I have to join the company whichever I have on my hand right now.
Can I ask HR to change my last day to at least end of July? How will I justify the break to my next company? | 2022/06/17 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/185690",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/33707/"
] | Just explaining how this works: In order to quit a job, you give notice. There will be some minimum notice period due to your contract and your country’s laws. If you have at least the required notice, the company has to accept that notice.
What can the company do? If you gave notice more than the legally required, they could give you a shorter notice. So if you gave three months notice, and only one month is required, they could give you one month notice. That would be nasty, but possible. Fortunately that didn’t happen.
The normal thing is that you work and get paid to the end of the notice period. But sometimes companies don’t want you in their office anymore, often if you are in a position where you could cause damage. The company can do one of two thing:
First, they can send you on gardening leave. Which means you stay at home, you don’t work, you still get paid, you are still employed. You have time to renovate your home, look after your garden, meet the kids. You can NOT start another job, because you are still employed.
Second, they can give you “payment in lieu of notice”. That means, instead of having to employ you, they can lay you off, but they need to pay your salary for the notice period. That's what happened to you if your description is correct. This may have tax advantages for the company, but for you it’s mostly the same. Important is that although you are technically unemployed, no sane employer would treat you as unemployed. (That doesn’t mean your new employer might not be one of the insane ones).
What I would tell you is to go to the new employer and tell them “my old employer is giving me payment in lieu of notice, so i can start two months earlier”. You can do them a favour if they want it.
And what do you mean “How do I justify this to my next employer?” There is nothing to justify. You are getting paid all the time. Even better, if they let you start earlier, you get paid twice for a month or two! If you say “I gave three months notice, but I got paid in lieu of notice”, that is a complete and totally acceptable statement of what happened. | Theoretically, you are entitled to the contractually/legally guaranteed notice period. So you could demand to remain officially employed with the company and be sent on "[gardening leave](https://www.investopedia.com/terms/g/gardening-leave.asp)".
But why would you? The next company doesn't need to know that they let you go before the notice period. Also, depending on where you live, you might be entitled to unemployment benefits for those two month. You would miss out on those if you officially remain employed. |
168,949 | I was at the supermarket, and the cashier asked me, “how many bags do you need?”
I was about to say, i need the number of bags enough to include all my stuff. But, unfortunately, ahe didn’t understand me. Ao i said, “i just want four.”
So, what would a native English speaker say in this case?
>
> * I need as many bags as enough to contain all my stuff.
> * I need a number of bags to accommodate all my stuff.
> * I need many bags to have all my stuff.
>
>
>
I am struggling with english for many reasons and one of them is using words what are used only in writing and, at the same time, sounds weird when are used for speaking, especially when I do communicate with English native speaker. | 2018/06/09 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/168949",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | A native speaker would likely say
>
> As many as it takes.
>
>
>
You can smile at this point, to let them know you're not trying to be a smart-ass. | A formally correct answer would be, "As many as are necessary to hold all my purchases." Few people would actually say that, though. As Robusto says, a native speaker would be more likely to say "as many as it takes" or "as many as are necessary" or something like that.
"I need as many bags as enough to contain all my stuff." Almost right. You could say, "I need as many bags as would be enough to contain all my stuff" or "... as many bags as are enough ...". But that's getting a little formal again.
"I need a number of bags to accommodate all my stuff." That doesn't say how many, even indirectly. "A number of" basically means more than 1 but not "many".
"I need many bags to have all my stuff." Again, this is no clue how many, beyond the vague "many".
In any case, if the cashier is asking, she doesn't want to figure out how many bags you need, she wants you to tell her. So saying "as many as needed to hold all my stuff" doesn't answer the question. She wants you to say "four" or some specific number. |
168,949 | I was at the supermarket, and the cashier asked me, “how many bags do you need?”
I was about to say, i need the number of bags enough to include all my stuff. But, unfortunately, ahe didn’t understand me. Ao i said, “i just want four.”
So, what would a native English speaker say in this case?
>
> * I need as many bags as enough to contain all my stuff.
> * I need a number of bags to accommodate all my stuff.
> * I need many bags to have all my stuff.
>
>
>
I am struggling with english for many reasons and one of them is using words what are used only in writing and, at the same time, sounds weird when are used for speaking, especially when I do communicate with English native speaker. | 2018/06/09 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/168949",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | A native speaker would likely say
>
> As many as it takes.
>
>
>
You can smile at this point, to let them know you're not trying to be a smart-ass. | A native speaker would say "four" (or perhaps "four bags please").
Saying "as many bags as I need" is a *smartarse answer* and so borderline rude. Saying "as many as I need" doesn't communicate anything to the cashier. Of course you need enough bags to hold all your stuff, but how many is that?
Other *smartarse answers*
>
> What time is it? — Time for you to get a watch.
>
>
> Do you have a pencil...? — Yes, I do. (The questioner is implicitly asking to borrow the pencil.)
>
>
> Where was the declaration of indendence signed? — At the bottom.
>
>
> |
168,949 | I was at the supermarket, and the cashier asked me, “how many bags do you need?”
I was about to say, i need the number of bags enough to include all my stuff. But, unfortunately, ahe didn’t understand me. Ao i said, “i just want four.”
So, what would a native English speaker say in this case?
>
> * I need as many bags as enough to contain all my stuff.
> * I need a number of bags to accommodate all my stuff.
> * I need many bags to have all my stuff.
>
>
>
I am struggling with english for many reasons and one of them is using words what are used only in writing and, at the same time, sounds weird when are used for speaking, especially when I do communicate with English native speaker. | 2018/06/09 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/168949",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | A native speaker would say "four" (or perhaps "four bags please").
Saying "as many bags as I need" is a *smartarse answer* and so borderline rude. Saying "as many as I need" doesn't communicate anything to the cashier. Of course you need enough bags to hold all your stuff, but how many is that?
Other *smartarse answers*
>
> What time is it? — Time for you to get a watch.
>
>
> Do you have a pencil...? — Yes, I do. (The questioner is implicitly asking to borrow the pencil.)
>
>
> Where was the declaration of indendence signed? — At the bottom.
>
>
> | A formally correct answer would be, "As many as are necessary to hold all my purchases." Few people would actually say that, though. As Robusto says, a native speaker would be more likely to say "as many as it takes" or "as many as are necessary" or something like that.
"I need as many bags as enough to contain all my stuff." Almost right. You could say, "I need as many bags as would be enough to contain all my stuff" or "... as many bags as are enough ...". But that's getting a little formal again.
"I need a number of bags to accommodate all my stuff." That doesn't say how many, even indirectly. "A number of" basically means more than 1 but not "many".
"I need many bags to have all my stuff." Again, this is no clue how many, beyond the vague "many".
In any case, if the cashier is asking, she doesn't want to figure out how many bags you need, she wants you to tell her. So saying "as many as needed to hold all my stuff" doesn't answer the question. She wants you to say "four" or some specific number. |
243,533 | I have a 140-year-old house of heavy masonry (bluestone/basalt) construction. It is built into the side of a hill with about 25% of the "basement" actually below ground level:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/ys7q9.png)
You can probably guess where this is going - the basement has been plagued with salty damp, specifically where it lies under the grade of the hill. It seems to be a combination of rising damp and penetrating damp soaking through the pores of the masonry, with the usual symptoms of bubbling paint, failing plaster, powdery white salt emerging from damaged wall areas, etc...
Up till now we have used a series of relatively cheap measures to hide the problem rather than deal with it properly.
I am seeking advice from anyone who has used, or knowledgeable about injectable chemicals to damp-proof walls -- did you find it effective in solving the issue? Is this something a homeowner could do themselves or does it require a professional? Is it a permanent fix?
I am also wondering, for the walls below ground level, if it is feasible to systematically inject the *entire* length and height of the wall with chemical solution rather than just a low band of wall to create a DPC. I realise this would be more expensive but I really want a solution, no pun intended...
(We're looking at other approaches as well, such as trenching and waterproofing the exterior walls, but this has been made difficult by the nature of the surrounding terrain and expense of excavation. So, this enquiry is specifically about injectable chemical treatments.) Thanks in advance... | 2022/01/24 | [
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/243533",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/141553/"
] | Injectables are not particularly suitable for this situation.
As commented above, they are never a 100% solution and work best as a narrow band, i.e. a DPC.
I highly doubt you'd be able to successfully 'waterproof' an entire wall. Water will find a way through somewhere, usually via voids in the wall (and there are always some).
I appreciate the difficult terrain, but if you can find some young guys who want to earn some money, you could supervise the heavy digging and bring in the skilled guys to install the drainage, insulation, membrane and granular backfill. Best in the long run. | I really would avoid injecting the walls in your situation. It can be a hard pill to swallow sometimes but your situation really needs a long term solution to fix properly.
It might be worth investigating the installation of a drained cavity as a possible mitigation technique which leads into a floor drain. This won't be cheap (but may be cheaper than the landscaping work depending on the volume and strength of material that needs to be removed).
Good luck! |
53,734 | Why do BLM protestors continue to protest now that all four police involved in the killing of George Floyd are facing charges and police around the country are being held accountable (e.g. the 6 Atlanta officers who got arrested for police brutality)? I am wondering what tangible change is currently being asked for. Police departments around the country are already starting to take action against racism. What’s the next step? | 2020/06/04 | [
"https://politics.stackexchange.com/questions/53734",
"https://politics.stackexchange.com",
"https://politics.stackexchange.com/users/32732/"
] | Do you really think the problem is limited to those 4? Why on earth would someone sit on a handcuffed person's neck for 9 minutes, 3 of which that person having no pulse? with 3 colleagues watching? How were these people trained? How are they monitored for use of reasonable force? There is something seriously wrong with the level of violence US cops sometimes apply to people they interact with. Yes, black people are the biggest victims, yes black people are angry, and yes, black lives matter. But this extends to many victims of police overreaction. As a, white, tourist in the US, my car was once almost shot at because I did not have my lights on at dusk. We are all George Floyd.
It is high time there is a systemic change so that police are held accountable, and, more importantly, that police departments everywhere train their people not to use deadly force unless necessary.
Minnesota is suing its own police department. What there needs to happen is that police departments as a whole, not just their bad apples, get sued, heavily, when unreasonable force is applied, especially if it is shown that the officers carrying out those acts were mostly behaving in line according to an customary level of **excessively violent response for a given department**. Given big enough punitive awards, police departments will have to insure for the risks and insurance companies will be the first to point the finger at badly run departments.
Had Chauvin been on his own? Yes, putting him in jail would fix things. But look at the context - he was not worried about his behavior crossing the line, with 3 colleagues there. Look at [the, white, guy who got swatted and killed about a few years ago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Wichita_swatting). He was no threat to cops who were behind their cars and had their guns on him.
Look at the numerous reports of intimidation and physical violence against reporters. Does that sound like a well-run state, as envisioned by the Founding Fathers?
All US citizens, not just black people, would benefit from having less violent cops. Further down the line, even the cops would benefit from having a population that would trust them more. A lot of this really seems to boil down to a group culture of tolerance of violence that is totally unacceptable from people who are paid by the citizens to protect them. And it is not even doing the cops a favor: people react according to what the norm is with their peers. With better peers, Chauvin may or may not have killed Floyd.
So, yes, it makes sense to insist on real changes, because there is a long list of very similar events preceding this one, with no changes made.
Maybe your question should have been. *Hey, now that [Freddie Gray](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Freddie_Gray)'s cops are being put on trial, why bother being angry?*. Or *[Michael Brown](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shooting_of_Michael_Brown) has had his justice served, so chill, will ya?*
I actually don't dislike cops. I think they do a necessary job. It is sad, and disturbing, to see all the people calling them bullies and racists (the Freddie Gray killing involved at least 1 or 2 black policemen, out of 6). US citizens need their police, but they also all need *better* police.
But it is easy in their line of work to dehumanize people you are dealing with. Maybe you just arrest too many junkie muggers, of whatever color, and they get released. So you crack on the next person. Who knows? That needs to be recognized as an occupational risk and carefully managed so that it doesn't turn into these macho shoot first, ask questions later. And people who can't manage to keep their aggression down need to be fired. So should people who can't quite be neutral about which ethnic group a citizen belongs to.
And, yes, black people, much more so than whites, are very much the first in the line of fire and have every right to insist on changes. But unless you are really really not a type to be seen as threatening, say if you are the proverbial little old white lady, then BLM may actually be doing you a favor.
p.s. you know the one thing that's really driving this stuff? Cell phones cameras. 20 years ago, I'm sure it just happened and no one saw any evidence contradicting the official version.
p.p.s. *are being held accountable* isn't really strictly true. They are being *charged* and will be *indicted*. Whether they get *convicted* is an entirely different story and, on past experience, rather unlikely.
For example, in the F. Gray case, none of the 6 officers got convicted. Ditto M. Brown.
A little infographic illustrates this better, comes from <https://mappingpoliceviolence.org/> which has more data. Sure, with a name like *mappingpoliceviolence.org*, one might expect them to be biased. But... are they factually wrong?
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/kjNuu.png)
FWIW, Canada, with 10x less population, [had 460 people killed by police, from 2000 to 2017](https://newsinteractives.cbc.ca/longform-custom/deadly-force), i.e. more than twice the above duration and we're less than happy with those numbers. My ballpark estimate is that's a rate per capita 3 or 4 smaller than the US. | tl;dr: The death of George Floyd was not an isolated incident, it's the larger system people want to change.
1. These 4 officers were *charged*, but *convictions* in police misconduct cases are exceedingly rare. See for example [Five Thirty Eight's statistics](https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/why-its-still-so-rare-for-police-officers-to-face-legal-consequences-for-misconduct/), and [the riots after the police charged with use of excessive force on Rodney King were acquitted](https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/riots-erupt-in-los-angeles) (back when videos of police in action were rare.).
2. Even in protests against a filmed incident of apparently excessive force, there have been hundreds of recorded incidents that appear to show excessive use of force, police targeting journalists, and disturbing attitudes displayed by police (like the Buffalo cop who yelled "F\*ck the First Amendment" at a news photographer. [(Photographer's Twitter statement.](https://twitter.com/PhotoJazzy/status/1269057353892212743))) Many people seem to be realizing that the US justice system system is systematically flawed.
3. There is a feeling in some circles that this is a narrow window to get needed systematic reform enacted, and protests are a meaningful way for Americans to get government attention and action.
4. We don't actually know [how many people die in police custody each year](https://journalistsresource.org/studies/government/criminal-justice/deaths-police-custody-united-states/), but there is a widespread perception that there are many cases where abuse of police power is covered up.
OP said:
>
> Police departments around the country are already starting to take action against racism.
>
>
>
I don't see that. I see *some* police departments in *some* cities making *statements* about racism. Not at all the same thing. People said policing would change after Rodney King. After Freddie Gray. After Tamir Rice. After Breonna Taylor. Yet here we are.
There have been some changes in policing in recent years, for example the widespread adoption of body cams, [which have mixed results](https://www.govtech.com/biz/What-Bodycams-Do-Behavior-Accountability-and-Trust.html), especially when [police can turn them off at will](https://www.newsweek.com/chicago-mayor-calls-out-officers-who-turn-off-body-cams-says-we-will-strip-you-your-police-1509167) (sometimes [in violation of published policies.](https://blogs.findlaw.com/blotter/2018/04/can-police-turn-off-body-cameras.html)) -- but there are also legitimate privacy issues to deal with. (A full discussion of [the pros and cons](https://bja.ojp.gov/sites/g/files/xyckuh186/files/bwc/pdfs/north-carolina-district-attorneys_best-practices-committee_body-worn-cameras-concerns-and-considerations.pdf) of this one point is beyond the scope here.)
In any case, there is a growing public perception that this is a systematic issue which needs a systematic solution, not piecemeal changes in one city or another. [Seattle's chief of police called for reform in 2018](https://www.aclu.org/blog/criminal-law-reform/reforming-police/honoring-police-includes-acknowledging-systemic-reform), but some of the worst of this week's offenses caught on camera have come from Seattle. |
53,734 | Why do BLM protestors continue to protest now that all four police involved in the killing of George Floyd are facing charges and police around the country are being held accountable (e.g. the 6 Atlanta officers who got arrested for police brutality)? I am wondering what tangible change is currently being asked for. Police departments around the country are already starting to take action against racism. What’s the next step? | 2020/06/04 | [
"https://politics.stackexchange.com/questions/53734",
"https://politics.stackexchange.com",
"https://politics.stackexchange.com/users/32732/"
] | Do you really think the problem is limited to those 4? Why on earth would someone sit on a handcuffed person's neck for 9 minutes, 3 of which that person having no pulse? with 3 colleagues watching? How were these people trained? How are they monitored for use of reasonable force? There is something seriously wrong with the level of violence US cops sometimes apply to people they interact with. Yes, black people are the biggest victims, yes black people are angry, and yes, black lives matter. But this extends to many victims of police overreaction. As a, white, tourist in the US, my car was once almost shot at because I did not have my lights on at dusk. We are all George Floyd.
It is high time there is a systemic change so that police are held accountable, and, more importantly, that police departments everywhere train their people not to use deadly force unless necessary.
Minnesota is suing its own police department. What there needs to happen is that police departments as a whole, not just their bad apples, get sued, heavily, when unreasonable force is applied, especially if it is shown that the officers carrying out those acts were mostly behaving in line according to an customary level of **excessively violent response for a given department**. Given big enough punitive awards, police departments will have to insure for the risks and insurance companies will be the first to point the finger at badly run departments.
Had Chauvin been on his own? Yes, putting him in jail would fix things. But look at the context - he was not worried about his behavior crossing the line, with 3 colleagues there. Look at [the, white, guy who got swatted and killed about a few years ago](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2017_Wichita_swatting). He was no threat to cops who were behind their cars and had their guns on him.
Look at the numerous reports of intimidation and physical violence against reporters. Does that sound like a well-run state, as envisioned by the Founding Fathers?
All US citizens, not just black people, would benefit from having less violent cops. Further down the line, even the cops would benefit from having a population that would trust them more. A lot of this really seems to boil down to a group culture of tolerance of violence that is totally unacceptable from people who are paid by the citizens to protect them. And it is not even doing the cops a favor: people react according to what the norm is with their peers. With better peers, Chauvin may or may not have killed Floyd.
So, yes, it makes sense to insist on real changes, because there is a long list of very similar events preceding this one, with no changes made.
Maybe your question should have been. *Hey, now that [Freddie Gray](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death_of_Freddie_Gray)'s cops are being put on trial, why bother being angry?*. Or *[Michael Brown](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shooting_of_Michael_Brown) has had his justice served, so chill, will ya?*
I actually don't dislike cops. I think they do a necessary job. It is sad, and disturbing, to see all the people calling them bullies and racists (the Freddie Gray killing involved at least 1 or 2 black policemen, out of 6). US citizens need their police, but they also all need *better* police.
But it is easy in their line of work to dehumanize people you are dealing with. Maybe you just arrest too many junkie muggers, of whatever color, and they get released. So you crack on the next person. Who knows? That needs to be recognized as an occupational risk and carefully managed so that it doesn't turn into these macho shoot first, ask questions later. And people who can't manage to keep their aggression down need to be fired. So should people who can't quite be neutral about which ethnic group a citizen belongs to.
And, yes, black people, much more so than whites, are very much the first in the line of fire and have every right to insist on changes. But unless you are really really not a type to be seen as threatening, say if you are the proverbial little old white lady, then BLM may actually be doing you a favor.
p.s. you know the one thing that's really driving this stuff? Cell phones cameras. 20 years ago, I'm sure it just happened and no one saw any evidence contradicting the official version.
p.p.s. *are being held accountable* isn't really strictly true. They are being *charged* and will be *indicted*. Whether they get *convicted* is an entirely different story and, on past experience, rather unlikely.
For example, in the F. Gray case, none of the 6 officers got convicted. Ditto M. Brown.
A little infographic illustrates this better, comes from <https://mappingpoliceviolence.org/> which has more data. Sure, with a name like *mappingpoliceviolence.org*, one might expect them to be biased. But... are they factually wrong?
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/kjNuu.png)
FWIW, Canada, with 10x less population, [had 460 people killed by police, from 2000 to 2017](https://newsinteractives.cbc.ca/longform-custom/deadly-force), i.e. more than twice the above duration and we're less than happy with those numbers. My ballpark estimate is that's a rate per capita 3 or 4 smaller than the US. | The killing of George Floyd was a disgusting act caught on video and widely published. The video produced a strong emotional reaction which spurred many people to action (to do something, anything, right now), and the emotion seemed to sustain itself. Soon, the focus of the protest moved almost completely beyond the facts of the case involving Floyd. Because Floyd was black and the officer (Chauvin) who killed him was white, it was taken as a starting point to talk about racism in society, and of the foundations of law enforcement. The agenda of this discussion has very little to do with pursuing criminal justice against Chauvin. Thus one cannot expect at this point for any developments in the Floyd case to influence the direction of the protest movement. |
53,734 | Why do BLM protestors continue to protest now that all four police involved in the killing of George Floyd are facing charges and police around the country are being held accountable (e.g. the 6 Atlanta officers who got arrested for police brutality)? I am wondering what tangible change is currently being asked for. Police departments around the country are already starting to take action against racism. What’s the next step? | 2020/06/04 | [
"https://politics.stackexchange.com/questions/53734",
"https://politics.stackexchange.com",
"https://politics.stackexchange.com/users/32732/"
] | tl;dr: The death of George Floyd was not an isolated incident, it's the larger system people want to change.
1. These 4 officers were *charged*, but *convictions* in police misconduct cases are exceedingly rare. See for example [Five Thirty Eight's statistics](https://fivethirtyeight.com/features/why-its-still-so-rare-for-police-officers-to-face-legal-consequences-for-misconduct/), and [the riots after the police charged with use of excessive force on Rodney King were acquitted](https://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/riots-erupt-in-los-angeles) (back when videos of police in action were rare.).
2. Even in protests against a filmed incident of apparently excessive force, there have been hundreds of recorded incidents that appear to show excessive use of force, police targeting journalists, and disturbing attitudes displayed by police (like the Buffalo cop who yelled "F\*ck the First Amendment" at a news photographer. [(Photographer's Twitter statement.](https://twitter.com/PhotoJazzy/status/1269057353892212743))) Many people seem to be realizing that the US justice system system is systematically flawed.
3. There is a feeling in some circles that this is a narrow window to get needed systematic reform enacted, and protests are a meaningful way for Americans to get government attention and action.
4. We don't actually know [how many people die in police custody each year](https://journalistsresource.org/studies/government/criminal-justice/deaths-police-custody-united-states/), but there is a widespread perception that there are many cases where abuse of police power is covered up.
OP said:
>
> Police departments around the country are already starting to take action against racism.
>
>
>
I don't see that. I see *some* police departments in *some* cities making *statements* about racism. Not at all the same thing. People said policing would change after Rodney King. After Freddie Gray. After Tamir Rice. After Breonna Taylor. Yet here we are.
There have been some changes in policing in recent years, for example the widespread adoption of body cams, [which have mixed results](https://www.govtech.com/biz/What-Bodycams-Do-Behavior-Accountability-and-Trust.html), especially when [police can turn them off at will](https://www.newsweek.com/chicago-mayor-calls-out-officers-who-turn-off-body-cams-says-we-will-strip-you-your-police-1509167) (sometimes [in violation of published policies.](https://blogs.findlaw.com/blotter/2018/04/can-police-turn-off-body-cameras.html)) -- but there are also legitimate privacy issues to deal with. (A full discussion of [the pros and cons](https://bja.ojp.gov/sites/g/files/xyckuh186/files/bwc/pdfs/north-carolina-district-attorneys_best-practices-committee_body-worn-cameras-concerns-and-considerations.pdf) of this one point is beyond the scope here.)
In any case, there is a growing public perception that this is a systematic issue which needs a systematic solution, not piecemeal changes in one city or another. [Seattle's chief of police called for reform in 2018](https://www.aclu.org/blog/criminal-law-reform/reforming-police/honoring-police-includes-acknowledging-systemic-reform), but some of the worst of this week's offenses caught on camera have come from Seattle. | The killing of George Floyd was a disgusting act caught on video and widely published. The video produced a strong emotional reaction which spurred many people to action (to do something, anything, right now), and the emotion seemed to sustain itself. Soon, the focus of the protest moved almost completely beyond the facts of the case involving Floyd. Because Floyd was black and the officer (Chauvin) who killed him was white, it was taken as a starting point to talk about racism in society, and of the foundations of law enforcement. The agenda of this discussion has very little to do with pursuing criminal justice against Chauvin. Thus one cannot expect at this point for any developments in the Floyd case to influence the direction of the protest movement. |
602 | I am trying to create a pitch-detection program which extracts the frequencies of peaks in a power spectrum obtained from an FFT (`fftpack`). I am extracting the peak frequencies from my spectrum using [Quinn's First Estimator](http://www.dspguru.com/dsp/howtos/how-to-interpolate-fft-peak) to interpolate between bin numbers. This scheme seems to work well under certain conditions. For example, using a rectangular window function with a window size of 1024 and a sample rate of 16000, my algorithm correctly identifies the frequency of a [pure A440 tone](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A440_(pitch_standard)) as 440.06 with a second partial frequency of 880.1. However, under other conditions, it produces inaccurate results. If I change the sample rate (e.g to 8000) or the window size (e.g. to 2048), it still correctly identifies the first partial as 440, but the second partial is somewhere around 892. The problem becomes even worse for inharmonic tones like those produced by a guitar or piano.
My general question is: In what way do the sample rate, window size, and window function affect frequency estimation of FFT peaks? My assumption was that simply increasing the resolution of the spectrum would increase the accuracy of peak frequency estimation, but this is clearly not my experience (zero padding also does not help). I am also assuming that the choice of window function will not have much effect because spectral leakage should not change the peak *location* (though, now that I think about it, spectral leakage could potentially influence the interpolated frequency estimate if the magnitudes of bins adjacent to the peak are artificially increased by leakage from other peaks...).
Any thoughts? | 2011/11/06 | [
"https://dsp.stackexchange.com/questions/602",
"https://dsp.stackexchange.com",
"https://dsp.stackexchange.com/users/526/"
] | First, peak frequency estimation and pitch estimation are two different things. Pitch is a psycho-acoustic phenomenon. People can hear a pitch even with the fundamental frequency completely missing, or relatively weak compared to most other peaks, as in the low notes produced by some instruments.
Second, using no window on an FFT is equivalent to using a rectangular window, which convolves your spectrum with the Sinc function. The Sinc function has lot of humps spread far from the peak which will show up for all frequencies that are not exactly periodic in the FFT length (also know as "spectral leakage"). All this energy leakage from one strong frequency will interfere with the position estimation of other frequency peaks. So a more suitable window function (Hamming or von Hann) might help reduce this interference between peaks.
A longer FFT will reduce the delta frequency between bin centers, which should increase interpolation and thus frequency estimation accuracy for stationary spectrums. However if the FFT is so long that the spectrum changes within the FFT window, all those changed frequencies will be blurred together in a longer FFT. | You definitely need a suitable window function - the effects of spectral leakage vary significantly depending on how the pitch period and FFT window length are related - if you get a large transient between the last and first sample of the FFT window then this will produce very nasty smearing of the spectrum, whereas if you get lucky and this discontinuity is small then the resulting spectrum will be a lot cleaner. This is probably why you are seeing inconsistencies when you change any of your parameters such as FFT size. With a suitable window function you will get a consistent spectrum as the pitch changes. |
602 | I am trying to create a pitch-detection program which extracts the frequencies of peaks in a power spectrum obtained from an FFT (`fftpack`). I am extracting the peak frequencies from my spectrum using [Quinn's First Estimator](http://www.dspguru.com/dsp/howtos/how-to-interpolate-fft-peak) to interpolate between bin numbers. This scheme seems to work well under certain conditions. For example, using a rectangular window function with a window size of 1024 and a sample rate of 16000, my algorithm correctly identifies the frequency of a [pure A440 tone](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A440_(pitch_standard)) as 440.06 with a second partial frequency of 880.1. However, under other conditions, it produces inaccurate results. If I change the sample rate (e.g to 8000) or the window size (e.g. to 2048), it still correctly identifies the first partial as 440, but the second partial is somewhere around 892. The problem becomes even worse for inharmonic tones like those produced by a guitar or piano.
My general question is: In what way do the sample rate, window size, and window function affect frequency estimation of FFT peaks? My assumption was that simply increasing the resolution of the spectrum would increase the accuracy of peak frequency estimation, but this is clearly not my experience (zero padding also does not help). I am also assuming that the choice of window function will not have much effect because spectral leakage should not change the peak *location* (though, now that I think about it, spectral leakage could potentially influence the interpolated frequency estimate if the magnitudes of bins adjacent to the peak are artificially increased by leakage from other peaks...).
Any thoughts? | 2011/11/06 | [
"https://dsp.stackexchange.com/questions/602",
"https://dsp.stackexchange.com",
"https://dsp.stackexchange.com/users/526/"
] | 1. Use a Gaussian window - the Fourier transform of a Gaussian is a Gaussian
2. Log-scale the spectrum to emphasize peaks and turn the Gaussian peaks into parabolic peaks
3. Use parabolic interpolation to find the true peaks.
>
> Note that, as mentioned in §D.1, the Gaussian window transform magnitude is precisely a parabola on a dB scale. As a result, quadratic spectral peak interpolation is *exact* under the Gaussian window. Of course, we must somehow remove the infinitely long tails of the Gaussian window in practice, but this does not cause much deviation from a parabola, as shown in Fig.3.30.
>
>
>
<https://ccrma.stanford.edu/~jos/sasp/Quadratic_Interpolation_Spectral_Peaks.html>
I estimate 1000.000004 Hz for a 1000 Hz waveform this way: <https://gist.github.com/255291#file_parabolic.py>
If you're having trouble, plot the spectrum and use your eyes to see why it's not working. | You definitely need a suitable window function - the effects of spectral leakage vary significantly depending on how the pitch period and FFT window length are related - if you get a large transient between the last and first sample of the FFT window then this will produce very nasty smearing of the spectrum, whereas if you get lucky and this discontinuity is small then the resulting spectrum will be a lot cleaner. This is probably why you are seeing inconsistencies when you change any of your parameters such as FFT size. With a suitable window function you will get a consistent spectrum as the pitch changes. |
602 | I am trying to create a pitch-detection program which extracts the frequencies of peaks in a power spectrum obtained from an FFT (`fftpack`). I am extracting the peak frequencies from my spectrum using [Quinn's First Estimator](http://www.dspguru.com/dsp/howtos/how-to-interpolate-fft-peak) to interpolate between bin numbers. This scheme seems to work well under certain conditions. For example, using a rectangular window function with a window size of 1024 and a sample rate of 16000, my algorithm correctly identifies the frequency of a [pure A440 tone](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A440_(pitch_standard)) as 440.06 with a second partial frequency of 880.1. However, under other conditions, it produces inaccurate results. If I change the sample rate (e.g to 8000) or the window size (e.g. to 2048), it still correctly identifies the first partial as 440, but the second partial is somewhere around 892. The problem becomes even worse for inharmonic tones like those produced by a guitar or piano.
My general question is: In what way do the sample rate, window size, and window function affect frequency estimation of FFT peaks? My assumption was that simply increasing the resolution of the spectrum would increase the accuracy of peak frequency estimation, but this is clearly not my experience (zero padding also does not help). I am also assuming that the choice of window function will not have much effect because spectral leakage should not change the peak *location* (though, now that I think about it, spectral leakage could potentially influence the interpolated frequency estimate if the magnitudes of bins adjacent to the peak are artificially increased by leakage from other peaks...).
Any thoughts? | 2011/11/06 | [
"https://dsp.stackexchange.com/questions/602",
"https://dsp.stackexchange.com",
"https://dsp.stackexchange.com/users/526/"
] | 1. Use a Gaussian window - the Fourier transform of a Gaussian is a Gaussian
2. Log-scale the spectrum to emphasize peaks and turn the Gaussian peaks into parabolic peaks
3. Use parabolic interpolation to find the true peaks.
>
> Note that, as mentioned in §D.1, the Gaussian window transform magnitude is precisely a parabola on a dB scale. As a result, quadratic spectral peak interpolation is *exact* under the Gaussian window. Of course, we must somehow remove the infinitely long tails of the Gaussian window in practice, but this does not cause much deviation from a parabola, as shown in Fig.3.30.
>
>
>
<https://ccrma.stanford.edu/~jos/sasp/Quadratic_Interpolation_Spectral_Peaks.html>
I estimate 1000.000004 Hz for a 1000 Hz waveform this way: <https://gist.github.com/255291#file_parabolic.py>
If you're having trouble, plot the spectrum and use your eyes to see why it's not working. | First, peak frequency estimation and pitch estimation are two different things. Pitch is a psycho-acoustic phenomenon. People can hear a pitch even with the fundamental frequency completely missing, or relatively weak compared to most other peaks, as in the low notes produced by some instruments.
Second, using no window on an FFT is equivalent to using a rectangular window, which convolves your spectrum with the Sinc function. The Sinc function has lot of humps spread far from the peak which will show up for all frequencies that are not exactly periodic in the FFT length (also know as "spectral leakage"). All this energy leakage from one strong frequency will interfere with the position estimation of other frequency peaks. So a more suitable window function (Hamming or von Hann) might help reduce this interference between peaks.
A longer FFT will reduce the delta frequency between bin centers, which should increase interpolation and thus frequency estimation accuracy for stationary spectrums. However if the FFT is so long that the spectrum changes within the FFT window, all those changed frequencies will be blurred together in a longer FFT. |
292,302 | I recently downloaded [CPU-Z](http://www.cpuid.com/softwares/cpu-z.html) just to check things out, and saw a tab marked *Cache* on it. It shows what appears to be different memory sizes, and I have seen processors being advertised with an X sized cache. What is the function of this, and how big should it be to work well?
 | 2011/06/03 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/292302",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/80670/"
] | In a computer you have a bunch of different layers of memory, which you can imagine "nearer" or "farther" from processor.
Memories near the processor are fast but small, and memories far from the processor are big but slow.
The faster memory is composed by processor's registries, which can be immediately accessed by the processor. Then you have L1 data cache, which is typically 32K and can be accessed in just one clock cycle, then L2/L3 cache, which are few MB (from 2M to 12M) big and can be accessed in tens of clock cycles. Then comes the main memory, which is far larger (some gigabytes) but are very slow (hundreds of clock cycles to be accessed).
Then comes disks, which are hundred of gigabytes big but soooo slow ;)
This is commonly known as memory hierarchy.
What do you want, ideally, are memories as big as disks, but as fast as registers.
To come as close as possible to this, data is continually moved from RAM to registers and viceversa.
Who does all of this? Well, the hierarchy is managed in an automatic way from L1 up to main memory by the processor, while main memory and disk is managed by the operating system in cooperation with the processor.
The full story is far more technical and complicated, but I hope this will give you some insights ;) | A processor cache is a small amount of memory on or near the processor itself that is used to speed up access to data.
Since accesses to RAM are significantly slower than actual data processing, keeping the most recently and frequently used data near or on the processor can significantly increase performance.
While main memory (RAM) can be very large (several gigabytes), the CPU must wait several clock cycles before it can access data from main memory. The CPU cache can be accessed very quickly and is generally used to store the most frequently or recently used data. The larger the cache, the less often the processor will need to access the slower RAM. However, too large a cache may slow access as the processor will need more time to find the data.
For more information, see the [Wikipedia article on CPU cache](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CPU_cache). Feel free to add more details as well as technical information to this answer. |
87,921 | As we all know, Gunther from the coffee house (Central Perk) had a huge crush on Rachel. It was shown in the series very often. He'd do anything for her, and he has a big soft spot for her.
Although it was shown on screen for viewers, was there any indication that Rachel knew about his crush? I think maybe she had some idea that Gunther liked her, but it was never indicated (as far as I see it) that she knew about his crush.
Did Rachel or any other from friends group ever know about Gunther's crush on Rachel? | 2018/04/09 | [
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/questions/87921",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/users/51336/"
] | **Yes, in the series finale, Gunther confesses his love for Rachel.**
She tells him she loves him too but not in the same way and then tells him she'll think of him whenever she's in a café having coffee or when she sees someone "with hair brighter than the sun" and gives him a kiss on the cheek before leaving. | Nnnnyes. Rachel thought that Gunther is gay but she knew that he would do anything for her. It was shown for example when he bought inside-out cat from her or when she demanded to give Joey his job back
He also said to Joey that he watch Rachel all day long and to Emily that Rachel is his girlfriend. during the same storyline he thanked (I think) Ross for marrying Emily and not pushing his relationship with Rachel. |
87,921 | As we all know, Gunther from the coffee house (Central Perk) had a huge crush on Rachel. It was shown in the series very often. He'd do anything for her, and he has a big soft spot for her.
Although it was shown on screen for viewers, was there any indication that Rachel knew about his crush? I think maybe she had some idea that Gunther liked her, but it was never indicated (as far as I see it) that she knew about his crush.
Did Rachel or any other from friends group ever know about Gunther's crush on Rachel? | 2018/04/09 | [
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/questions/87921",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/users/51336/"
] | In my opinion the best indication of this (assuming you’re asking about before he outright tells her in the finale) is in “The One with Phoebe’s Rats” (S09E12) when Joey and Chandler start to sing Happy Birthday to Rachel, she says:
>
> “Shhh don't say that loud, Gunther's gonna want to hug me.”
>
>
>
transcript: [livesinabox.com](http://www.livesinabox.com/friends/season9/912rats.htm)
Of course this does not indicate she knew the vast extent of his love for her, but that she had some idea of his attraction. | Nnnnyes. Rachel thought that Gunther is gay but she knew that he would do anything for her. It was shown for example when he bought inside-out cat from her or when she demanded to give Joey his job back
He also said to Joey that he watch Rachel all day long and to Emily that Rachel is his girlfriend. during the same storyline he thanked (I think) Ross for marrying Emily and not pushing his relationship with Rachel. |
87,921 | As we all know, Gunther from the coffee house (Central Perk) had a huge crush on Rachel. It was shown in the series very often. He'd do anything for her, and he has a big soft spot for her.
Although it was shown on screen for viewers, was there any indication that Rachel knew about his crush? I think maybe she had some idea that Gunther liked her, but it was never indicated (as far as I see it) that she knew about his crush.
Did Rachel or any other from friends group ever know about Gunther's crush on Rachel? | 2018/04/09 | [
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/questions/87921",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/users/51336/"
] | **Yes, in the series finale, Gunther confesses his love for Rachel.**
She tells him she loves him too but not in the same way and then tells him she'll think of him whenever she's in a café having coffee or when she sees someone "with hair brighter than the sun" and gives him a kiss on the cheek before leaving. | In my opinion the best indication of this (assuming you’re asking about before he outright tells her in the finale) is in “The One with Phoebe’s Rats” (S09E12) when Joey and Chandler start to sing Happy Birthday to Rachel, she says:
>
> “Shhh don't say that loud, Gunther's gonna want to hug me.”
>
>
>
transcript: [livesinabox.com](http://www.livesinabox.com/friends/season9/912rats.htm)
Of course this does not indicate she knew the vast extent of his love for her, but that she had some idea of his attraction. |
87,921 | As we all know, Gunther from the coffee house (Central Perk) had a huge crush on Rachel. It was shown in the series very often. He'd do anything for her, and he has a big soft spot for her.
Although it was shown on screen for viewers, was there any indication that Rachel knew about his crush? I think maybe she had some idea that Gunther liked her, but it was never indicated (as far as I see it) that she knew about his crush.
Did Rachel or any other from friends group ever know about Gunther's crush on Rachel? | 2018/04/09 | [
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/questions/87921",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/users/51336/"
] | **Yes, in the series finale, Gunther confesses his love for Rachel.**
She tells him she loves him too but not in the same way and then tells him she'll think of him whenever she's in a café having coffee or when she sees someone "with hair brighter than the sun" and gives him a kiss on the cheek before leaving. | I guess she might have had a clue. In one of episodes, Gunther and Phoebe kissed (she wanted germs to get sick, so her voice would sound better). After that he decided to confess that fact to her, because he was feeling guilty. He did that in a way like they were couple. |
87,921 | As we all know, Gunther from the coffee house (Central Perk) had a huge crush on Rachel. It was shown in the series very often. He'd do anything for her, and he has a big soft spot for her.
Although it was shown on screen for viewers, was there any indication that Rachel knew about his crush? I think maybe she had some idea that Gunther liked her, but it was never indicated (as far as I see it) that she knew about his crush.
Did Rachel or any other from friends group ever know about Gunther's crush on Rachel? | 2018/04/09 | [
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/questions/87921",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/users/51336/"
] | In my opinion the best indication of this (assuming you’re asking about before he outright tells her in the finale) is in “The One with Phoebe’s Rats” (S09E12) when Joey and Chandler start to sing Happy Birthday to Rachel, she says:
>
> “Shhh don't say that loud, Gunther's gonna want to hug me.”
>
>
>
transcript: [livesinabox.com](http://www.livesinabox.com/friends/season9/912rats.htm)
Of course this does not indicate she knew the vast extent of his love for her, but that she had some idea of his attraction. | I guess she might have had a clue. In one of episodes, Gunther and Phoebe kissed (she wanted germs to get sick, so her voice would sound better). After that he decided to confess that fact to her, because he was feeling guilty. He did that in a way like they were couple. |
1,410,348 | We are working on exception handling with ASP.NET web applications (with C# language). Would you please let me know the best practices of Exception handling? | 2009/09/11 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1410348",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/171915/"
] | One thing you might want to look at is [ELMAH](http://code.google.com/p/elmah/). Other than that [the MSDN docs](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/w16865z6.aspx) is a good place to start. | Look at MS Enterprise Library and [The Exception Handling Application Block](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd203116.aspx) too. |
1,410,348 | We are working on exception handling with ASP.NET web applications (with C# language). Would you please let me know the best practices of Exception handling? | 2009/09/11 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1410348",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/171915/"
] | One thing you might want to look at is [ELMAH](http://code.google.com/p/elmah/). Other than that [the MSDN docs](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/w16865z6.aspx) is a good place to start. | You can use the Application\_Error function in Global.asax to catch and handle all exception errors in your ASP.NET application.
Check this Microsoft Help article <http://support.microsoft.com/kb/306355> and scroll to where it says "How to use the Application\_Error method". |
1,410,348 | We are working on exception handling with ASP.NET web applications (with C# language). Would you please let me know the best practices of Exception handling? | 2009/09/11 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1410348",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/171915/"
] | You can use the Application\_Error function in Global.asax to catch and handle all exception errors in your ASP.NET application.
Check this Microsoft Help article <http://support.microsoft.com/kb/306355> and scroll to where it says "How to use the Application\_Error method". | Look at MS Enterprise Library and [The Exception Handling Application Block](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/dd203116.aspx) too. |
32,123 | I'm just about to switch to a new SSD drive, so I figured it's a good occasion for a really, really fresh start. I reconsidered every installed piece of software, uninstalled lots of crap (surprisingly, my system started to be more responsive ;]), and checked for viruses and stuff (since I didn't want to transfer any malware to my brand new shiny system).
During the virus scan, one file popped as suspected, and then I started to wonder... Though I haven't any direct proof that I ever encountered a serious infection, like really weird acts of rebooting/bsods/problems with apps, and I took lots of precautions (always kept my software updated, used firefox's "noscript" extension, kept java turned off, used sandboxes, AV, and so on), maybe something slipped.
And if something slipped - all is compromised. All hope is gone... ;]
I started to wonder about the current state of malware. Is it capable of
* spreading on connected USB drives (in that case, all my backups are compromised);
* spreading through the local network (in which case all my other PCs are compromised too);
* infecting my restore partition (yay! this is getting scary);
* infecting my BIOS/UEFI (just enough so it could redownload it's full package and start spreading again)...
Are malware authors capable of making viruses such as these? That is, viruses that can spread through all possible devices in such a way to always remain hidden from users and spread unchallenged. Eventually, every machine would be infected; even fresh new ones, machines currently in the factory would be infected, and so on, and so on...
Maybe it's already happened. Are our computers living in their own "virus matrix?" The Vitrix? ;]
Ok, jokes aside. It's probably impossible to create such software, so let's go back to my original, simpler question, involving only one infected machine:
**Could any machine, once infected, ever be trusted again?** | 2013/03/06 | [
"https://security.stackexchange.com/questions/32123",
"https://security.stackexchange.com",
"https://security.stackexchange.com/users/21573/"
] | Theoretically, no, an infected machine cannot be trusted anymore. In practice, wiping out the hard disk (or just removing it and inserting a new one) is often sufficient, although [some virus](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CIH_%28computer_virus%29) have been known to reflash part of the BIOS, for pure wanton devastation, or to make the virus resistant to disk formatting. *Some* motherboards will not allow reflashing unless a specific jumper is *physically* plugged in, which at least protects against hostile reflashing; if unsure, consult the documentation of your motherboard (if you use a laptop, you are probably out of luck).
Apart from the BIOS, other devices can have flashable firmwares. A [demonstration](http://semiaccurate.com/2009/07/31/apple-keyboard-firmware-hack-demonstrated/) has been made in the case of some Apple keyboards.
While all of this means that a once-corrupted machine can never be really trusted again, it begs the sister question, which is: how come you *could* trust the machine in the first place ? You don't really know where it has been (at least not with more precision than "some factory in south China"). A possible answer is that if the attacker managed to plant some malware which resisted a complete machine reinstall, then he probably *deserves* to stay there. At least, this piece of malware has been written by someone who is technically competent, which is refreshing. It would be a great day if you could say the same of a majority of the other software you run on your machine. | A once infected computer that has since been "disinfected" by several different antivirus/antimalware scanners should be classified into a category somewhere between "Trusted" and "Untrusted" devices - maybe something like "Distrusted", in order to remember that it is known to have been "disinfected" and therefore cannot be reliably determined to be absolutely "trusted" again. For example, I would not perform any high security transactions on a distrusted system: banking, credit card purchases, sensitive personally identifiable information, network infrastructure administration, remote administrative access, etc. I actually put an icon on each computer desktop that indicates whether the computer is Trusted, Untrusted, or Distrusted so that its security status is staring me right in face every time I go to use it. And, I use SD chips rather than USB thumbdrives for mobile storage precisely because because they can be write-protected, and I segregate removable media by a Trusted or Untrusted symbol so that I don't put an Untrusted SD chip into a Trusted computer. Better to be as safe as possible rather than play Russian Roulette with questionnable devices that can propagate hidden malware. |
206,479 | What is the best word to use to describe the person who I am sponsoring? Or is there such a word? | 2014/11/05 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/206479",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/96792/"
] | Sponsee shows up as a word cited for its usage in a 2004 book regarding the language of addiction counselling, [according to Wikitionary](http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sponsee). However, I don't see use of it outside this context. Therefore, it is something left to your discretion. It is possibly acceptable jargon within the addiction counseling communities, or at least its meaning would likely be easily discerned. I would not personally advise its usage, though.
May I suggest alternatives? If so, check below:
*sponsored party*
*the sponsored*
I would personally advise the usage of **sponsored party**. It is a common and well-understood usage for the meaning that you seek. | I would not use 'sponsee' as I cannot find it in any real dictionary. I would use 'sponsored,' 'sponsored party,' or 'beneficiary.'
Sponsee is an unnecessary neologism. |
206,479 | What is the best word to use to describe the person who I am sponsoring? Or is there such a word? | 2014/11/05 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/206479",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/96792/"
] | I would not use 'sponsee' as I cannot find it in any real dictionary. I would use 'sponsored,' 'sponsored party,' or 'beneficiary.'
Sponsee is an unnecessary neologism. | One obvious term is [*protégé*](http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/prot%C3%A9g%C3%A9):
>
> NOUN
>
>
> A person who is guided and supported by an older and more experienced or influential person:
>
>
> *He was an aide and protégé of the former Tennessee senator*
>
>
> EXAMPLE SENTENCES
>
>
> *The maverick Svengali continues to gather followers and protégés.*
>
>
> *Brezhnev, a protégé and supporter of Khrushchev, fainted in one of them and had to be revived in a nearby room.*
>
>
> *Like any good manager he has handled his young protégé with kid gloves.*
>
>
>
(Definition and examples from Oxforddictionaries.com)
Another possibility is *sponsoree,* though as far as I can see, that term hasn't yet been included in any mainstream dictionaries. |
206,479 | What is the best word to use to describe the person who I am sponsoring? Or is there such a word? | 2014/11/05 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/206479",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/96792/"
] | Sponsee shows up as a word cited for its usage in a 2004 book regarding the language of addiction counselling, [according to Wikitionary](http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/sponsee). However, I don't see use of it outside this context. Therefore, it is something left to your discretion. It is possibly acceptable jargon within the addiction counseling communities, or at least its meaning would likely be easily discerned. I would not personally advise its usage, though.
May I suggest alternatives? If so, check below:
*sponsored party*
*the sponsored*
I would personally advise the usage of **sponsored party**. It is a common and well-understood usage for the meaning that you seek. | One obvious term is [*protégé*](http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/us/definition/american_english/prot%C3%A9g%C3%A9):
>
> NOUN
>
>
> A person who is guided and supported by an older and more experienced or influential person:
>
>
> *He was an aide and protégé of the former Tennessee senator*
>
>
> EXAMPLE SENTENCES
>
>
> *The maverick Svengali continues to gather followers and protégés.*
>
>
> *Brezhnev, a protégé and supporter of Khrushchev, fainted in one of them and had to be revived in a nearby room.*
>
>
> *Like any good manager he has handled his young protégé with kid gloves.*
>
>
>
(Definition and examples from Oxforddictionaries.com)
Another possibility is *sponsoree,* though as far as I can see, that term hasn't yet been included in any mainstream dictionaries. |
34,125 | I understand and have understood what in Buddhism is linked to right effort, which involves aspiring to what is skillful and abandoning what is unskillful.
Yet, I wonder:
**How do practitioners proceed in terms of order or in terms of determining what to do next? How does one determine what is most important?**
Thank you | 2019/07/17 | [
"https://buddhism.stackexchange.com/questions/34125",
"https://buddhism.stackexchange.com",
"https://buddhism.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | The order is in the 3 fold training is
* sila
* samadhi
* panna
Having said that dana proceeds sila. The 3 main merits are
* dana
* sila
* bavana
Bavana incudes samadhi and panna.
So do,
* dana
* sila
* samadhi
* panna
This is a gradual training starting from simpler like dana to more advanced like panna. This is like building a house. What you want is a roof above your head (panna). Do do that one has to have walls to support (samadhi). Walls need to be on a strong foundation (Sila).
Right effect is to prevent unwholesome and develop wholesome my guarding the sense doors.
After right effort come right mindfulness. Order of practice is given here <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noble_Eightfold_Path>. Namely, items 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2
The stating from panna is for the very intelligent out of the 4 types of people. | When you first learn to drive a car, do you learn how to start the car on one day, how to accelerate on the second day, how to brake on the third day, how to turn the steering wheel to the left on the fourth day and how to turn the steering wheel to the right on the fifth day? No. It doesn't make sense. You have to learn and develop these steps altogether in tandem, and practise them together.
Another example is this. When you learn to cook, would you learn to cut vegetables on one day, then learn how to wash ingredients on another day, then learn to boil on another day, then learn to simmer on another day and so on? No. Instead, you learn and practise them altogether at once by trying to cook a certain recipe. By practising them together, you slowly deepen your cooking skills. You would then expand to add frying, broiling, baking, steaming, poaching, sauteeing etc. to your techniques, but you would practise them together in one recipe.
Similarly, in the case of the Noble Eightfold Path, you would have to first cultivate Right View (the forerunner of the path) by learning the Buddha's teachings (the Dhamma). Then you would start developing Right Resolve, and decide to take refuge in the Buddha, Dhamma and Sangha, and practise the five precepts (which form the core part of the virtues - Right Action, Right Speech and Right Livelihood).
As you deepen your progress into Right View by studying more of the Dhamma, you then increase your knowledge of the virtues (Right Action, Right Speech and Right Livelihood) and try to practise them with more fervour. That's more of Right Resolve and Right Effort being applied.
As you deepen your contemplation of the teachings, you start cultivating Right Mindfulness and Right Concentration, and then go into the meditation practices. These meditation practices would then lead you to better understanding of the Dhamma through first hand experience, which is improving the Right View once again. If you stumble into the five hindrances during meditation, you may need to deepen your practice of the virtues once again. This of course again is applying Right Resolve and Right Effort towards making progress in meditation and cultivation of wisdom.
So, every step helps the other. You can't practise only one of them at a time. But of course, learning the Dhamma and practising virtues tend to come before meditation, in general. This is just as in the case where you need to start a car and accelerate, before braking, but you would anyway do them in one session of driving, with repetition of all the steps as needed, to take you to your destination.
Even if you have not tried to meditate, if you continually reflect and ponder upon the teachings (that you have studied) and see how they match your experiences in life, you would still begin to understand the teachings from first hand experience. Then meditation could still progressively come later. |
34,125 | I understand and have understood what in Buddhism is linked to right effort, which involves aspiring to what is skillful and abandoning what is unskillful.
Yet, I wonder:
**How do practitioners proceed in terms of order or in terms of determining what to do next? How does one determine what is most important?**
Thank you | 2019/07/17 | [
"https://buddhism.stackexchange.com/questions/34125",
"https://buddhism.stackexchange.com",
"https://buddhism.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | Not just my own understanding, but a standard teaching is to approach things gradually, from coarse to subtle.
First, we have to stop creating major sources of trouble for ourselves. How do we do that? By following five precepts. Then, we stop creating medium-sized issues, by following the behavioral parts of the Eightfold Path. Then we stop creating subtler types of problems, by learning to control our emotions. Then, we get to subtle problems, by engaging in Samatha meditation to learn to stop compulsory thinking and inner dialog. Then, very subtle problems, by getting rid of egoistic perspectives. Then, ultrasubtle problems, by letting go of attachment to perfection and spirituality. Then extremely ultrasubtle problems, by practicing groundless suchness. These are just examples, you get the idea.
This is taught in many schools, and by many teachers. One thing at a time, by size, do the bigger stuff first. Stop creating large problems first. | The order is in the 3 fold training is
* sila
* samadhi
* panna
Having said that dana proceeds sila. The 3 main merits are
* dana
* sila
* bavana
Bavana incudes samadhi and panna.
So do,
* dana
* sila
* samadhi
* panna
This is a gradual training starting from simpler like dana to more advanced like panna. This is like building a house. What you want is a roof above your head (panna). Do do that one has to have walls to support (samadhi). Walls need to be on a strong foundation (Sila).
Right effect is to prevent unwholesome and develop wholesome my guarding the sense doors.
After right effort come right mindfulness. Order of practice is given here <https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Noble_Eightfold_Path>. Namely, items 3 4 5 6 7 8 1 2
The stating from panna is for the very intelligent out of the 4 types of people. |
34,125 | I understand and have understood what in Buddhism is linked to right effort, which involves aspiring to what is skillful and abandoning what is unskillful.
Yet, I wonder:
**How do practitioners proceed in terms of order or in terms of determining what to do next? How does one determine what is most important?**
Thank you | 2019/07/17 | [
"https://buddhism.stackexchange.com/questions/34125",
"https://buddhism.stackexchange.com",
"https://buddhism.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | There's a non-Buddhist saying, "[Put the big rocks in first](http://www.appleseeds.org/big-rocks_covey.htm)".
I understood that to mean "duty first", i.e. don't neglect what it might be immoral or unwise to neglect.
There's a Zen story, [Wash your bowl](http://www.nozen.com/washbowl.htm) -- that I suppose is meant to be instructive. Or maybe Zen people will stereo-typically "sweep the floor" or something like that. Is that aspirational, perhaps you might want to reach a stage of simplicity (of other-duties-having-been-finished) in life that there is no more to do than to "sweep the floor"? Is that an aspect of "liberation"?
I don't know but I get the impression that life in a monastery is regulated, i.e. that there are rules about what to do when, and how (e.g. rules to follow if you're a monk newly-arrived in a monastery). | When you first learn to drive a car, do you learn how to start the car on one day, how to accelerate on the second day, how to brake on the third day, how to turn the steering wheel to the left on the fourth day and how to turn the steering wheel to the right on the fifth day? No. It doesn't make sense. You have to learn and develop these steps altogether in tandem, and practise them together.
Another example is this. When you learn to cook, would you learn to cut vegetables on one day, then learn how to wash ingredients on another day, then learn to boil on another day, then learn to simmer on another day and so on? No. Instead, you learn and practise them altogether at once by trying to cook a certain recipe. By practising them together, you slowly deepen your cooking skills. You would then expand to add frying, broiling, baking, steaming, poaching, sauteeing etc. to your techniques, but you would practise them together in one recipe.
Similarly, in the case of the Noble Eightfold Path, you would have to first cultivate Right View (the forerunner of the path) by learning the Buddha's teachings (the Dhamma). Then you would start developing Right Resolve, and decide to take refuge in the Buddha, Dhamma and Sangha, and practise the five precepts (which form the core part of the virtues - Right Action, Right Speech and Right Livelihood).
As you deepen your progress into Right View by studying more of the Dhamma, you then increase your knowledge of the virtues (Right Action, Right Speech and Right Livelihood) and try to practise them with more fervour. That's more of Right Resolve and Right Effort being applied.
As you deepen your contemplation of the teachings, you start cultivating Right Mindfulness and Right Concentration, and then go into the meditation practices. These meditation practices would then lead you to better understanding of the Dhamma through first hand experience, which is improving the Right View once again. If you stumble into the five hindrances during meditation, you may need to deepen your practice of the virtues once again. This of course again is applying Right Resolve and Right Effort towards making progress in meditation and cultivation of wisdom.
So, every step helps the other. You can't practise only one of them at a time. But of course, learning the Dhamma and practising virtues tend to come before meditation, in general. This is just as in the case where you need to start a car and accelerate, before braking, but you would anyway do them in one session of driving, with repetition of all the steps as needed, to take you to your destination.
Even if you have not tried to meditate, if you continually reflect and ponder upon the teachings (that you have studied) and see how they match your experiences in life, you would still begin to understand the teachings from first hand experience. Then meditation could still progressively come later. |
34,125 | I understand and have understood what in Buddhism is linked to right effort, which involves aspiring to what is skillful and abandoning what is unskillful.
Yet, I wonder:
**How do practitioners proceed in terms of order or in terms of determining what to do next? How does one determine what is most important?**
Thank you | 2019/07/17 | [
"https://buddhism.stackexchange.com/questions/34125",
"https://buddhism.stackexchange.com",
"https://buddhism.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | Not just my own understanding, but a standard teaching is to approach things gradually, from coarse to subtle.
First, we have to stop creating major sources of trouble for ourselves. How do we do that? By following five precepts. Then, we stop creating medium-sized issues, by following the behavioral parts of the Eightfold Path. Then we stop creating subtler types of problems, by learning to control our emotions. Then, we get to subtle problems, by engaging in Samatha meditation to learn to stop compulsory thinking and inner dialog. Then, very subtle problems, by getting rid of egoistic perspectives. Then, ultrasubtle problems, by letting go of attachment to perfection and spirituality. Then extremely ultrasubtle problems, by practicing groundless suchness. These are just examples, you get the idea.
This is taught in many schools, and by many teachers. One thing at a time, by size, do the bigger stuff first. Stop creating large problems first. | There's a non-Buddhist saying, "[Put the big rocks in first](http://www.appleseeds.org/big-rocks_covey.htm)".
I understood that to mean "duty first", i.e. don't neglect what it might be immoral or unwise to neglect.
There's a Zen story, [Wash your bowl](http://www.nozen.com/washbowl.htm) -- that I suppose is meant to be instructive. Or maybe Zen people will stereo-typically "sweep the floor" or something like that. Is that aspirational, perhaps you might want to reach a stage of simplicity (of other-duties-having-been-finished) in life that there is no more to do than to "sweep the floor"? Is that an aspect of "liberation"?
I don't know but I get the impression that life in a monastery is regulated, i.e. that there are rules about what to do when, and how (e.g. rules to follow if you're a monk newly-arrived in a monastery). |
34,125 | I understand and have understood what in Buddhism is linked to right effort, which involves aspiring to what is skillful and abandoning what is unskillful.
Yet, I wonder:
**How do practitioners proceed in terms of order or in terms of determining what to do next? How does one determine what is most important?**
Thank you | 2019/07/17 | [
"https://buddhism.stackexchange.com/questions/34125",
"https://buddhism.stackexchange.com",
"https://buddhism.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | Not just my own understanding, but a standard teaching is to approach things gradually, from coarse to subtle.
First, we have to stop creating major sources of trouble for ourselves. How do we do that? By following five precepts. Then, we stop creating medium-sized issues, by following the behavioral parts of the Eightfold Path. Then we stop creating subtler types of problems, by learning to control our emotions. Then, we get to subtle problems, by engaging in Samatha meditation to learn to stop compulsory thinking and inner dialog. Then, very subtle problems, by getting rid of egoistic perspectives. Then, ultrasubtle problems, by letting go of attachment to perfection and spirituality. Then extremely ultrasubtle problems, by practicing groundless suchness. These are just examples, you get the idea.
This is taught in many schools, and by many teachers. One thing at a time, by size, do the bigger stuff first. Stop creating large problems first. | When you first learn to drive a car, do you learn how to start the car on one day, how to accelerate on the second day, how to brake on the third day, how to turn the steering wheel to the left on the fourth day and how to turn the steering wheel to the right on the fifth day? No. It doesn't make sense. You have to learn and develop these steps altogether in tandem, and practise them together.
Another example is this. When you learn to cook, would you learn to cut vegetables on one day, then learn how to wash ingredients on another day, then learn to boil on another day, then learn to simmer on another day and so on? No. Instead, you learn and practise them altogether at once by trying to cook a certain recipe. By practising them together, you slowly deepen your cooking skills. You would then expand to add frying, broiling, baking, steaming, poaching, sauteeing etc. to your techniques, but you would practise them together in one recipe.
Similarly, in the case of the Noble Eightfold Path, you would have to first cultivate Right View (the forerunner of the path) by learning the Buddha's teachings (the Dhamma). Then you would start developing Right Resolve, and decide to take refuge in the Buddha, Dhamma and Sangha, and practise the five precepts (which form the core part of the virtues - Right Action, Right Speech and Right Livelihood).
As you deepen your progress into Right View by studying more of the Dhamma, you then increase your knowledge of the virtues (Right Action, Right Speech and Right Livelihood) and try to practise them with more fervour. That's more of Right Resolve and Right Effort being applied.
As you deepen your contemplation of the teachings, you start cultivating Right Mindfulness and Right Concentration, and then go into the meditation practices. These meditation practices would then lead you to better understanding of the Dhamma through first hand experience, which is improving the Right View once again. If you stumble into the five hindrances during meditation, you may need to deepen your practice of the virtues once again. This of course again is applying Right Resolve and Right Effort towards making progress in meditation and cultivation of wisdom.
So, every step helps the other. You can't practise only one of them at a time. But of course, learning the Dhamma and practising virtues tend to come before meditation, in general. This is just as in the case where you need to start a car and accelerate, before braking, but you would anyway do them in one session of driving, with repetition of all the steps as needed, to take you to your destination.
Even if you have not tried to meditate, if you continually reflect and ponder upon the teachings (that you have studied) and see how they match your experiences in life, you would still begin to understand the teachings from first hand experience. Then meditation could still progressively come later. |
35,492,643 | Is it possible that decentralized mysql solution. Where updates in one mysql server has to reflect on all other regions. Like wise other region changes should sync with remaning regions. | 2016/02/18 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/35492643",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1800840/"
] | Some popular solutions are:
* Master/Slave replication. Easy to set up, but you have to change your code to write to the one master server, and to read from the many slave servers. It won't scale well when you get too many connections that the master itself will become busy.
* Master/Master replication. Can scale indefinitely, but the two master databases can have conflicting data, unlike the master/slave scenario. When that happens, you will also have to code somewhat complex solutions in your application to deal with the corrupt data. It is also possible to set a master that sends data to a slave that happens to be a master of another slave, binding all in a master/slave system that goes in circles.
+ Mysql Cluster. It performs master/master replication without corruption and auto sharding, giving you performance and scalability without the need to change code in your application. However, it is not as popular. You won't find tutorials online on how to set it up, you'll have to go through the official documentation, and any issues you have with it will be more difficult to find answers online as well.With any of these strategies, changes you make to one database are replicated to 1 or more. | You could use Mysql Cluster solution
<https://dev.mysql.com/downloads/cluster/> |
146,549 | So I have 1 computer with 5 IP's and around 15 sites being hosted.
I have 4 of the ips setup to be dedicated for 4 sites and the rest share the 5th ip.
When I'm setting up my name server, do I set it up at Godaddy my Registar or on my server's dns or both?
Can I just setup
NS1 - Add all the ips
NS2 - Add all the ips
And just have all the sites use those two name servers? | 2010/05/29 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/146549",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/42216/"
] | If you have one computer I would recommend against running your own DNS server. Use a 3rd-party provider (GoDaddy's DNS is fine in your case, as would that of ZoneEdit.com, DtDNS, etc.).
If you're set on running DNS on your own system you can register your name server through your registrar. Choose one IP for NS1, and another IP for NS2. Also, create the A records for ns1/2 in the zone file for the domain they're on. Set up your DNS server software to listen and answer queries on those two IP addresses. Once you've tested that it's answering queries, change the name server delegations to use the names you registered with the registrar. This should complete the process.
The RFCs recommend two name servers on logically and geographically diverse networks for redundancy and availability. Having two IP addresses on the same computer assigned to your name server defeats both of these design goals. | "If you have one computer I would recommend against running your own DNS server. Use a 3rd-party provider (GoDaddy's DNS is fine in your case, as would that of ZoneEdit.com, DtDNS, etc.)."
But if you want to run your own email server, and not have to masquerade to your domain for email, etc.. then you would need to have your own DNS server to have your own named servers, etc for MX records correct?
I was also with GoDaddy, but I was told to be able to run my own email server, I would need to have my own DNS server. |
24,434,577 | I am trying to create aggregated data based on a time dimension as follows:
Example of data:
DateTime,FlowID,Volume
t0,1,100
t1,2,200
t2,3,300
t2,4,400
t2,5,100
t3,4,100
When I visualize sum(Volume) over the DateTime dimension, Tableau correctly shows the total volume for time t2 as the sum of all the records at time t2 (300+400+100).
I am also trying to get a view that shows a table based on hours of the day as follows:
DateTime
0 1 2 ... 23
-----------------------------------------------------
Sum Volume x y z ... t
Max Volume a b c ... d
I want Max Volume to be the sort of "local maximum " during the hour (in this case the sum of all volume records across all the FlowID instances that occurred within the same DateTime t2).
I have looked into the running\_max function as follows:
running\_max(sum([Volume]),-2,0), but that only gives me the last two records at time t2.
I don't know a-priori how many records end up being at exactly the same time, so I can't use -2 or -3 deterministically.
Any ideas? | 2014/06/26 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/24434577",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/3780013/"
] | I was getting this error over and over and could not figure out why. I would get the latest, overwrite existing files, checked all of my publish connection info, checked the database project properties, still got the error.
The cause, maybe due to a bug, I don't know, but neither building my solution nor publishing the database project was actually building the database project.
The **solution** is simple, just right-click on the database project and Rebuild. This will create the dacpac file and allow you to publish. | Ensure that your installed version of SQL where are you trying to deploy is the same than the project properties. |
31,366 | I have been a manual QA tester for ~3 years and my company is starting to take steps towards automated testing. We haven't decided on a language yet (though we will almost definitely be using Selenium); the other QA on my team has a Java background, but the devs all use Javascript so I think my manager is leaning towards using Javascript for our automated testing.
Regardless of which language we land on, I really want to up my technical skills and I've been trying self-education (for years now, on and off) to no avail. The brutal truth is, I'm just not very good at keeping myself motivated; so I've decided to start looking into bootcamps because I'm fairly certain I'll do a lot better learning by physically being in a room with an educator and having a structure to motivate me to stay on track.
However, the internet is far more saturated with bootcamps for software development and not so much for QA-centric education, so I've been starting to seriously consider doing a part-time coding bootcamp.
On one hand, I think it could be beneficial to learn programming from a development standpoint, because then I would have the language knowledge and I would have an understanding of how my devs think.
On the other hand, is that veering too far away? Where I'm standing right now, I think I'm still more interested in being a QA engineer rather than becoming a developer. With that in mind, should I really just forego development-centric education and just- find QA-centric education OR buckle down and learn whichever language my team chooses? | 2018/01/04 | [
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com/questions/31366",
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com",
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com/users/29549/"
] | My recommendation is that to be a good QA engineer you will need to be a good engineer generally and will also benefit greatly from being a good programmer. If you want to get into automation then that is also about writing code and as test suites grow all the techniques needed to make application code bases readable and maintainable also start to become critical for test suite codebases. | * the brutal truth is, only a few people are good at keeping themselves motivated. Usually, we see them afterwards giving workshops or talks about the topic they kept them motivated.
* are you familiar with <https://www.ministryoftesting.com> and trainings they offer? There are online masterclasses time to time which are free and then there is TheDojo with free and premium version. TestBash conferences have usually workshop day. For example like this: <https://dojo.ministryoftesting.com/events/testbash-netherlands-2018> |
31,366 | I have been a manual QA tester for ~3 years and my company is starting to take steps towards automated testing. We haven't decided on a language yet (though we will almost definitely be using Selenium); the other QA on my team has a Java background, but the devs all use Javascript so I think my manager is leaning towards using Javascript for our automated testing.
Regardless of which language we land on, I really want to up my technical skills and I've been trying self-education (for years now, on and off) to no avail. The brutal truth is, I'm just not very good at keeping myself motivated; so I've decided to start looking into bootcamps because I'm fairly certain I'll do a lot better learning by physically being in a room with an educator and having a structure to motivate me to stay on track.
However, the internet is far more saturated with bootcamps for software development and not so much for QA-centric education, so I've been starting to seriously consider doing a part-time coding bootcamp.
On one hand, I think it could be beneficial to learn programming from a development standpoint, because then I would have the language knowledge and I would have an understanding of how my devs think.
On the other hand, is that veering too far away? Where I'm standing right now, I think I'm still more interested in being a QA engineer rather than becoming a developer. With that in mind, should I really just forego development-centric education and just- find QA-centric education OR buckle down and learn whichever language my team chooses? | 2018/01/04 | [
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com/questions/31366",
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com",
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com/users/29549/"
] | **Automation tester is a programmer** ("Software Development Engineer in Test"), the only difference is that "core developers" are programming the main application business wants, while automation testers are developing automated tests to test it. In all other aspects, it is just another programming position.
If you cannot get yourself motivated to learn programming: Sorry to break the bad news for you, but you need to **consider if being a programmer** (whether in test automation, or in any other way) is **a good career fit for your personality**.
**Programming is not for everybody**, and people who do it have certain personality traits. Like love of solving complicated logical puzzles (and being able to keep at it after long frustrating failures), constantly learning new technologies, being able to build in your mind complicated mental models, and maintain/remember them.
It is nothing wrong if you don't have such personality, but without it, you would hate your job.
There is **nothing wrong to be a manual tester**. Instead of programming, you may consider skill less relying on programming, like **system administration of the tools used to track bugs**. Learning how to configure/usee tools where you have more immediate feedback when you change configuration: Jenkins, Jira, wiki for technical docs, etc.
You will still need to learn **some** programming, but your programs would be much smaller: just a custom tools to manage separate steps when processing your data. Best language for such tools is Python, which is also widely considered as best first language to learn programming. There are plenty of free online courses to start. Next step would be Linux and bash. | **Go Slow and Steady.**
What about learning to do a string reverse in JavaScript TODAY?
Then tomorrow reversing the words in a sentence and so on.
>
> Pick one small programming problem daily for the rest of
> your life.
>
>
>
*Try it.* |
31,366 | I have been a manual QA tester for ~3 years and my company is starting to take steps towards automated testing. We haven't decided on a language yet (though we will almost definitely be using Selenium); the other QA on my team has a Java background, but the devs all use Javascript so I think my manager is leaning towards using Javascript for our automated testing.
Regardless of which language we land on, I really want to up my technical skills and I've been trying self-education (for years now, on and off) to no avail. The brutal truth is, I'm just not very good at keeping myself motivated; so I've decided to start looking into bootcamps because I'm fairly certain I'll do a lot better learning by physically being in a room with an educator and having a structure to motivate me to stay on track.
However, the internet is far more saturated with bootcamps for software development and not so much for QA-centric education, so I've been starting to seriously consider doing a part-time coding bootcamp.
On one hand, I think it could be beneficial to learn programming from a development standpoint, because then I would have the language knowledge and I would have an understanding of how my devs think.
On the other hand, is that veering too far away? Where I'm standing right now, I think I'm still more interested in being a QA engineer rather than becoming a developer. With that in mind, should I really just forego development-centric education and just- find QA-centric education OR buckle down and learn whichever language my team chooses? | 2018/01/04 | [
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com/questions/31366",
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com",
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com/users/29549/"
] | My recommendation is that to be a good QA engineer you will need to be a good engineer generally and will also benefit greatly from being a good programmer. If you want to get into automation then that is also about writing code and as test suites grow all the techniques needed to make application code bases readable and maintainable also start to become critical for test suite codebases. | I'm a QA engineer who learned programming for automation on the job - I find that interactive programs such as codecademy are the best for me. Whether you're programming for automation or an application, you have to start from the same spot. The difference for QA is that you can learn as your tests demand it - testing frameworks often just require selenium and knowledge of the programming language itself.
Javascript, if I remember right, is fairly easy. I'm using Python now and I find it very intuitive. Ruby is a good one too. Java is tougher, but it's easier as a second language. With any language, you'll want to learn a method of Version control - lots of engineers find that to be the toughest part of all.
You'll also want to figure out what testing framework/test runners you want to use: There's testNG and Cucumber-JVM for Java, for example, or Protractor for Javascript, which is becoming very popular. Each of these have communities that will train or share materials online to interested parties. I'm a huge fan of Behavior Driven Development myself, but I know some QA Engineers don't like it at all.
You might also want to check with your application developers to see if they have automated testing and would like the QA team to extend, take over, or write independent tests, and if so, what kind of ground they think you should cover.
There's also free automation tools for api testing and load testing such as Postman and Soap-ui, that offer a valuable skill set without a whole lot of programming knowledge. Postman uses a little javascript - just enough to make the online classes worth it!
In other news, I don't think a particular personality is more amenable to programming or not. I got into because manual regression testing was extremely tedious for me, and I found that programming **taught me to push past feelings of failure, appreciate complex logic, and remain calm in times of panic**. If I had known that would happen before I started, I would have started sooner. I think my reading and listening skills have improved as well. |
31,366 | I have been a manual QA tester for ~3 years and my company is starting to take steps towards automated testing. We haven't decided on a language yet (though we will almost definitely be using Selenium); the other QA on my team has a Java background, but the devs all use Javascript so I think my manager is leaning towards using Javascript for our automated testing.
Regardless of which language we land on, I really want to up my technical skills and I've been trying self-education (for years now, on and off) to no avail. The brutal truth is, I'm just not very good at keeping myself motivated; so I've decided to start looking into bootcamps because I'm fairly certain I'll do a lot better learning by physically being in a room with an educator and having a structure to motivate me to stay on track.
However, the internet is far more saturated with bootcamps for software development and not so much for QA-centric education, so I've been starting to seriously consider doing a part-time coding bootcamp.
On one hand, I think it could be beneficial to learn programming from a development standpoint, because then I would have the language knowledge and I would have an understanding of how my devs think.
On the other hand, is that veering too far away? Where I'm standing right now, I think I'm still more interested in being a QA engineer rather than becoming a developer. With that in mind, should I really just forego development-centric education and just- find QA-centric education OR buckle down and learn whichever language my team chooses? | 2018/01/04 | [
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com/questions/31366",
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com",
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com/users/29549/"
] | As a QA engineer who also does automated testing, I feel that knowing basic development concepts can only help you. Even if you don't stray very far into actual dev work or domain knowledge to turn the code you're testing into whitebox testing, knowing some basics in coding can help you if you need to create a script or build on an existing library/framework to automate tests.
If your company hasn't picked a language yet, you can still learn some development principles by just finding courses in generic object oriented programming or functional programming. Try to find either a language agnostic book or a general purpose language you are interested in. There's two main styles of programming: object oriented and functional (there's also procedural, but I don't think that's used much except for basic scripts). I'm not a dev, so maybe there are more both those two are kind of the main ones I've heard in industry.
Usually, your first language is the hardest to learn because you're trying to learn the concepts and the language. Once you're proficient in your first language, other languages tend to be easier to learn since the principles tend to be pretty similar and the main differences are the syntax and how much boilerplate is needed for particular tasks in the language. So if you learn Java, it's probably not going to be too difficult to pick up Ruby or Python or Groovy. If you're going from object oriented language to functional language (or vice versa) then it'll be a little harder because the paradigms and program designs will be different.
I've never tried bootcamps so I can't speak much about how that experience is. I've learned programming on my own through books and trial and error. If you are interested in learning to program, and you feel bootcamps will keep you motivated, I'd say go ahead and do it even if it's not QA-centric. From my experience, coding for development work vs coding for automated testing isn't all that different. You still want to have good designs in your automation framework, you want things modularized so that a change in one part of the program doesn't ripple through a bunch of other files. You still want the code to be as reusable as possible, and while automated tests doesn't usually have to be high performance you still want to have it as efficient as you can reasonably make it so you can have fast turn around on your test runs (for continuous integration if you're doing that).
Chances are you'll probably want to choose a pretty high level language so that there's less boilerplate you need to code to do basic things. Java tends to be pretty verbose, but other languages tend to be more geared towards scripting and testing. I hear Python is a good all purpose high level language that can be used for testing. I use Groovy because the code I test is Java based, and Groovy is like Java but with less boilerplate and still runs on the JVM. At a previous company I used Ruby.
There was a book I saw once called "7 languages in 7 weeks". You might want to check that out and get a flavor for some of the different languages and which appeals to you. You can also check out <https://learnxinyminutes.com/> which has a list of many languages and shows you how to do a lot of the basic things in those languages. Very nice language tours. Best of luck to you! | **Automation tester is a programmer** ("Software Development Engineer in Test"), the only difference is that "core developers" are programming the main application business wants, while automation testers are developing automated tests to test it. In all other aspects, it is just another programming position.
If you cannot get yourself motivated to learn programming: Sorry to break the bad news for you, but you need to **consider if being a programmer** (whether in test automation, or in any other way) is **a good career fit for your personality**.
**Programming is not for everybody**, and people who do it have certain personality traits. Like love of solving complicated logical puzzles (and being able to keep at it after long frustrating failures), constantly learning new technologies, being able to build in your mind complicated mental models, and maintain/remember them.
It is nothing wrong if you don't have such personality, but without it, you would hate your job.
There is **nothing wrong to be a manual tester**. Instead of programming, you may consider skill less relying on programming, like **system administration of the tools used to track bugs**. Learning how to configure/usee tools where you have more immediate feedback when you change configuration: Jenkins, Jira, wiki for technical docs, etc.
You will still need to learn **some** programming, but your programs would be much smaller: just a custom tools to manage separate steps when processing your data. Best language for such tools is Python, which is also widely considered as best first language to learn programming. There are plenty of free online courses to start. Next step would be Linux and bash. |
31,366 | I have been a manual QA tester for ~3 years and my company is starting to take steps towards automated testing. We haven't decided on a language yet (though we will almost definitely be using Selenium); the other QA on my team has a Java background, but the devs all use Javascript so I think my manager is leaning towards using Javascript for our automated testing.
Regardless of which language we land on, I really want to up my technical skills and I've been trying self-education (for years now, on and off) to no avail. The brutal truth is, I'm just not very good at keeping myself motivated; so I've decided to start looking into bootcamps because I'm fairly certain I'll do a lot better learning by physically being in a room with an educator and having a structure to motivate me to stay on track.
However, the internet is far more saturated with bootcamps for software development and not so much for QA-centric education, so I've been starting to seriously consider doing a part-time coding bootcamp.
On one hand, I think it could be beneficial to learn programming from a development standpoint, because then I would have the language knowledge and I would have an understanding of how my devs think.
On the other hand, is that veering too far away? Where I'm standing right now, I think I'm still more interested in being a QA engineer rather than becoming a developer. With that in mind, should I really just forego development-centric education and just- find QA-centric education OR buckle down and learn whichever language my team chooses? | 2018/01/04 | [
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com/questions/31366",
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com",
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com/users/29549/"
] | **Automation tester is a programmer** ("Software Development Engineer in Test"), the only difference is that "core developers" are programming the main application business wants, while automation testers are developing automated tests to test it. In all other aspects, it is just another programming position.
If you cannot get yourself motivated to learn programming: Sorry to break the bad news for you, but you need to **consider if being a programmer** (whether in test automation, or in any other way) is **a good career fit for your personality**.
**Programming is not for everybody**, and people who do it have certain personality traits. Like love of solving complicated logical puzzles (and being able to keep at it after long frustrating failures), constantly learning new technologies, being able to build in your mind complicated mental models, and maintain/remember them.
It is nothing wrong if you don't have such personality, but without it, you would hate your job.
There is **nothing wrong to be a manual tester**. Instead of programming, you may consider skill less relying on programming, like **system administration of the tools used to track bugs**. Learning how to configure/usee tools where you have more immediate feedback when you change configuration: Jenkins, Jira, wiki for technical docs, etc.
You will still need to learn **some** programming, but your programs would be much smaller: just a custom tools to manage separate steps when processing your data. Best language for such tools is Python, which is also widely considered as best first language to learn programming. There are plenty of free online courses to start. Next step would be Linux and bash. | * the brutal truth is, only a few people are good at keeping themselves motivated. Usually, we see them afterwards giving workshops or talks about the topic they kept them motivated.
* are you familiar with <https://www.ministryoftesting.com> and trainings they offer? There are online masterclasses time to time which are free and then there is TheDojo with free and premium version. TestBash conferences have usually workshop day. For example like this: <https://dojo.ministryoftesting.com/events/testbash-netherlands-2018> |
31,366 | I have been a manual QA tester for ~3 years and my company is starting to take steps towards automated testing. We haven't decided on a language yet (though we will almost definitely be using Selenium); the other QA on my team has a Java background, but the devs all use Javascript so I think my manager is leaning towards using Javascript for our automated testing.
Regardless of which language we land on, I really want to up my technical skills and I've been trying self-education (for years now, on and off) to no avail. The brutal truth is, I'm just not very good at keeping myself motivated; so I've decided to start looking into bootcamps because I'm fairly certain I'll do a lot better learning by physically being in a room with an educator and having a structure to motivate me to stay on track.
However, the internet is far more saturated with bootcamps for software development and not so much for QA-centric education, so I've been starting to seriously consider doing a part-time coding bootcamp.
On one hand, I think it could be beneficial to learn programming from a development standpoint, because then I would have the language knowledge and I would have an understanding of how my devs think.
On the other hand, is that veering too far away? Where I'm standing right now, I think I'm still more interested in being a QA engineer rather than becoming a developer. With that in mind, should I really just forego development-centric education and just- find QA-centric education OR buckle down and learn whichever language my team chooses? | 2018/01/04 | [
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com/questions/31366",
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com",
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com/users/29549/"
] | As a QA engineer who also does automated testing, I feel that knowing basic development concepts can only help you. Even if you don't stray very far into actual dev work or domain knowledge to turn the code you're testing into whitebox testing, knowing some basics in coding can help you if you need to create a script or build on an existing library/framework to automate tests.
If your company hasn't picked a language yet, you can still learn some development principles by just finding courses in generic object oriented programming or functional programming. Try to find either a language agnostic book or a general purpose language you are interested in. There's two main styles of programming: object oriented and functional (there's also procedural, but I don't think that's used much except for basic scripts). I'm not a dev, so maybe there are more both those two are kind of the main ones I've heard in industry.
Usually, your first language is the hardest to learn because you're trying to learn the concepts and the language. Once you're proficient in your first language, other languages tend to be easier to learn since the principles tend to be pretty similar and the main differences are the syntax and how much boilerplate is needed for particular tasks in the language. So if you learn Java, it's probably not going to be too difficult to pick up Ruby or Python or Groovy. If you're going from object oriented language to functional language (or vice versa) then it'll be a little harder because the paradigms and program designs will be different.
I've never tried bootcamps so I can't speak much about how that experience is. I've learned programming on my own through books and trial and error. If you are interested in learning to program, and you feel bootcamps will keep you motivated, I'd say go ahead and do it even if it's not QA-centric. From my experience, coding for development work vs coding for automated testing isn't all that different. You still want to have good designs in your automation framework, you want things modularized so that a change in one part of the program doesn't ripple through a bunch of other files. You still want the code to be as reusable as possible, and while automated tests doesn't usually have to be high performance you still want to have it as efficient as you can reasonably make it so you can have fast turn around on your test runs (for continuous integration if you're doing that).
Chances are you'll probably want to choose a pretty high level language so that there's less boilerplate you need to code to do basic things. Java tends to be pretty verbose, but other languages tend to be more geared towards scripting and testing. I hear Python is a good all purpose high level language that can be used for testing. I use Groovy because the code I test is Java based, and Groovy is like Java but with less boilerplate and still runs on the JVM. At a previous company I used Ruby.
There was a book I saw once called "7 languages in 7 weeks". You might want to check that out and get a flavor for some of the different languages and which appeals to you. You can also check out <https://learnxinyminutes.com/> which has a list of many languages and shows you how to do a lot of the basic things in those languages. Very nice language tours. Best of luck to you! | * the brutal truth is, only a few people are good at keeping themselves motivated. Usually, we see them afterwards giving workshops or talks about the topic they kept them motivated.
* are you familiar with <https://www.ministryoftesting.com> and trainings they offer? There are online masterclasses time to time which are free and then there is TheDojo with free and premium version. TestBash conferences have usually workshop day. For example like this: <https://dojo.ministryoftesting.com/events/testbash-netherlands-2018> |
31,366 | I have been a manual QA tester for ~3 years and my company is starting to take steps towards automated testing. We haven't decided on a language yet (though we will almost definitely be using Selenium); the other QA on my team has a Java background, but the devs all use Javascript so I think my manager is leaning towards using Javascript for our automated testing.
Regardless of which language we land on, I really want to up my technical skills and I've been trying self-education (for years now, on and off) to no avail. The brutal truth is, I'm just not very good at keeping myself motivated; so I've decided to start looking into bootcamps because I'm fairly certain I'll do a lot better learning by physically being in a room with an educator and having a structure to motivate me to stay on track.
However, the internet is far more saturated with bootcamps for software development and not so much for QA-centric education, so I've been starting to seriously consider doing a part-time coding bootcamp.
On one hand, I think it could be beneficial to learn programming from a development standpoint, because then I would have the language knowledge and I would have an understanding of how my devs think.
On the other hand, is that veering too far away? Where I'm standing right now, I think I'm still more interested in being a QA engineer rather than becoming a developer. With that in mind, should I really just forego development-centric education and just- find QA-centric education OR buckle down and learn whichever language my team chooses? | 2018/01/04 | [
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com/questions/31366",
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com",
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com/users/29549/"
] | As a QA engineer who also does automated testing, I feel that knowing basic development concepts can only help you. Even if you don't stray very far into actual dev work or domain knowledge to turn the code you're testing into whitebox testing, knowing some basics in coding can help you if you need to create a script or build on an existing library/framework to automate tests.
If your company hasn't picked a language yet, you can still learn some development principles by just finding courses in generic object oriented programming or functional programming. Try to find either a language agnostic book or a general purpose language you are interested in. There's two main styles of programming: object oriented and functional (there's also procedural, but I don't think that's used much except for basic scripts). I'm not a dev, so maybe there are more both those two are kind of the main ones I've heard in industry.
Usually, your first language is the hardest to learn because you're trying to learn the concepts and the language. Once you're proficient in your first language, other languages tend to be easier to learn since the principles tend to be pretty similar and the main differences are the syntax and how much boilerplate is needed for particular tasks in the language. So if you learn Java, it's probably not going to be too difficult to pick up Ruby or Python or Groovy. If you're going from object oriented language to functional language (or vice versa) then it'll be a little harder because the paradigms and program designs will be different.
I've never tried bootcamps so I can't speak much about how that experience is. I've learned programming on my own through books and trial and error. If you are interested in learning to program, and you feel bootcamps will keep you motivated, I'd say go ahead and do it even if it's not QA-centric. From my experience, coding for development work vs coding for automated testing isn't all that different. You still want to have good designs in your automation framework, you want things modularized so that a change in one part of the program doesn't ripple through a bunch of other files. You still want the code to be as reusable as possible, and while automated tests doesn't usually have to be high performance you still want to have it as efficient as you can reasonably make it so you can have fast turn around on your test runs (for continuous integration if you're doing that).
Chances are you'll probably want to choose a pretty high level language so that there's less boilerplate you need to code to do basic things. Java tends to be pretty verbose, but other languages tend to be more geared towards scripting and testing. I hear Python is a good all purpose high level language that can be used for testing. I use Groovy because the code I test is Java based, and Groovy is like Java but with less boilerplate and still runs on the JVM. At a previous company I used Ruby.
There was a book I saw once called "7 languages in 7 weeks". You might want to check that out and get a flavor for some of the different languages and which appeals to you. You can also check out <https://learnxinyminutes.com/> which has a list of many languages and shows you how to do a lot of the basic things in those languages. Very nice language tours. Best of luck to you! | My recommendation is that to be a good QA engineer you will need to be a good engineer generally and will also benefit greatly from being a good programmer. If you want to get into automation then that is also about writing code and as test suites grow all the techniques needed to make application code bases readable and maintainable also start to become critical for test suite codebases. |
31,366 | I have been a manual QA tester for ~3 years and my company is starting to take steps towards automated testing. We haven't decided on a language yet (though we will almost definitely be using Selenium); the other QA on my team has a Java background, but the devs all use Javascript so I think my manager is leaning towards using Javascript for our automated testing.
Regardless of which language we land on, I really want to up my technical skills and I've been trying self-education (for years now, on and off) to no avail. The brutal truth is, I'm just not very good at keeping myself motivated; so I've decided to start looking into bootcamps because I'm fairly certain I'll do a lot better learning by physically being in a room with an educator and having a structure to motivate me to stay on track.
However, the internet is far more saturated with bootcamps for software development and not so much for QA-centric education, so I've been starting to seriously consider doing a part-time coding bootcamp.
On one hand, I think it could be beneficial to learn programming from a development standpoint, because then I would have the language knowledge and I would have an understanding of how my devs think.
On the other hand, is that veering too far away? Where I'm standing right now, I think I'm still more interested in being a QA engineer rather than becoming a developer. With that in mind, should I really just forego development-centric education and just- find QA-centric education OR buckle down and learn whichever language my team chooses? | 2018/01/04 | [
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com/questions/31366",
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com",
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com/users/29549/"
] | My recommendation is that to be a good QA engineer you will need to be a good engineer generally and will also benefit greatly from being a good programmer. If you want to get into automation then that is also about writing code and as test suites grow all the techniques needed to make application code bases readable and maintainable also start to become critical for test suite codebases. | **Go Slow and Steady.**
What about learning to do a string reverse in JavaScript TODAY?
Then tomorrow reversing the words in a sentence and so on.
>
> Pick one small programming problem daily for the rest of
> your life.
>
>
>
*Try it.* |
31,366 | I have been a manual QA tester for ~3 years and my company is starting to take steps towards automated testing. We haven't decided on a language yet (though we will almost definitely be using Selenium); the other QA on my team has a Java background, but the devs all use Javascript so I think my manager is leaning towards using Javascript for our automated testing.
Regardless of which language we land on, I really want to up my technical skills and I've been trying self-education (for years now, on and off) to no avail. The brutal truth is, I'm just not very good at keeping myself motivated; so I've decided to start looking into bootcamps because I'm fairly certain I'll do a lot better learning by physically being in a room with an educator and having a structure to motivate me to stay on track.
However, the internet is far more saturated with bootcamps for software development and not so much for QA-centric education, so I've been starting to seriously consider doing a part-time coding bootcamp.
On one hand, I think it could be beneficial to learn programming from a development standpoint, because then I would have the language knowledge and I would have an understanding of how my devs think.
On the other hand, is that veering too far away? Where I'm standing right now, I think I'm still more interested in being a QA engineer rather than becoming a developer. With that in mind, should I really just forego development-centric education and just- find QA-centric education OR buckle down and learn whichever language my team chooses? | 2018/01/04 | [
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com/questions/31366",
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com",
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com/users/29549/"
] | As a QA engineer who also does automated testing, I feel that knowing basic development concepts can only help you. Even if you don't stray very far into actual dev work or domain knowledge to turn the code you're testing into whitebox testing, knowing some basics in coding can help you if you need to create a script or build on an existing library/framework to automate tests.
If your company hasn't picked a language yet, you can still learn some development principles by just finding courses in generic object oriented programming or functional programming. Try to find either a language agnostic book or a general purpose language you are interested in. There's two main styles of programming: object oriented and functional (there's also procedural, but I don't think that's used much except for basic scripts). I'm not a dev, so maybe there are more both those two are kind of the main ones I've heard in industry.
Usually, your first language is the hardest to learn because you're trying to learn the concepts and the language. Once you're proficient in your first language, other languages tend to be easier to learn since the principles tend to be pretty similar and the main differences are the syntax and how much boilerplate is needed for particular tasks in the language. So if you learn Java, it's probably not going to be too difficult to pick up Ruby or Python or Groovy. If you're going from object oriented language to functional language (or vice versa) then it'll be a little harder because the paradigms and program designs will be different.
I've never tried bootcamps so I can't speak much about how that experience is. I've learned programming on my own through books and trial and error. If you are interested in learning to program, and you feel bootcamps will keep you motivated, I'd say go ahead and do it even if it's not QA-centric. From my experience, coding for development work vs coding for automated testing isn't all that different. You still want to have good designs in your automation framework, you want things modularized so that a change in one part of the program doesn't ripple through a bunch of other files. You still want the code to be as reusable as possible, and while automated tests doesn't usually have to be high performance you still want to have it as efficient as you can reasonably make it so you can have fast turn around on your test runs (for continuous integration if you're doing that).
Chances are you'll probably want to choose a pretty high level language so that there's less boilerplate you need to code to do basic things. Java tends to be pretty verbose, but other languages tend to be more geared towards scripting and testing. I hear Python is a good all purpose high level language that can be used for testing. I use Groovy because the code I test is Java based, and Groovy is like Java but with less boilerplate and still runs on the JVM. At a previous company I used Ruby.
There was a book I saw once called "7 languages in 7 weeks". You might want to check that out and get a flavor for some of the different languages and which appeals to you. You can also check out <https://learnxinyminutes.com/> which has a list of many languages and shows you how to do a lot of the basic things in those languages. Very nice language tours. Best of luck to you! | **Go Slow and Steady.**
What about learning to do a string reverse in JavaScript TODAY?
Then tomorrow reversing the words in a sentence and so on.
>
> Pick one small programming problem daily for the rest of
> your life.
>
>
>
*Try it.* |
31,366 | I have been a manual QA tester for ~3 years and my company is starting to take steps towards automated testing. We haven't decided on a language yet (though we will almost definitely be using Selenium); the other QA on my team has a Java background, but the devs all use Javascript so I think my manager is leaning towards using Javascript for our automated testing.
Regardless of which language we land on, I really want to up my technical skills and I've been trying self-education (for years now, on and off) to no avail. The brutal truth is, I'm just not very good at keeping myself motivated; so I've decided to start looking into bootcamps because I'm fairly certain I'll do a lot better learning by physically being in a room with an educator and having a structure to motivate me to stay on track.
However, the internet is far more saturated with bootcamps for software development and not so much for QA-centric education, so I've been starting to seriously consider doing a part-time coding bootcamp.
On one hand, I think it could be beneficial to learn programming from a development standpoint, because then I would have the language knowledge and I would have an understanding of how my devs think.
On the other hand, is that veering too far away? Where I'm standing right now, I think I'm still more interested in being a QA engineer rather than becoming a developer. With that in mind, should I really just forego development-centric education and just- find QA-centric education OR buckle down and learn whichever language my team chooses? | 2018/01/04 | [
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com/questions/31366",
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com",
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com/users/29549/"
] | As a QA engineer who also does automated testing, I feel that knowing basic development concepts can only help you. Even if you don't stray very far into actual dev work or domain knowledge to turn the code you're testing into whitebox testing, knowing some basics in coding can help you if you need to create a script or build on an existing library/framework to automate tests.
If your company hasn't picked a language yet, you can still learn some development principles by just finding courses in generic object oriented programming or functional programming. Try to find either a language agnostic book or a general purpose language you are interested in. There's two main styles of programming: object oriented and functional (there's also procedural, but I don't think that's used much except for basic scripts). I'm not a dev, so maybe there are more both those two are kind of the main ones I've heard in industry.
Usually, your first language is the hardest to learn because you're trying to learn the concepts and the language. Once you're proficient in your first language, other languages tend to be easier to learn since the principles tend to be pretty similar and the main differences are the syntax and how much boilerplate is needed for particular tasks in the language. So if you learn Java, it's probably not going to be too difficult to pick up Ruby or Python or Groovy. If you're going from object oriented language to functional language (or vice versa) then it'll be a little harder because the paradigms and program designs will be different.
I've never tried bootcamps so I can't speak much about how that experience is. I've learned programming on my own through books and trial and error. If you are interested in learning to program, and you feel bootcamps will keep you motivated, I'd say go ahead and do it even if it's not QA-centric. From my experience, coding for development work vs coding for automated testing isn't all that different. You still want to have good designs in your automation framework, you want things modularized so that a change in one part of the program doesn't ripple through a bunch of other files. You still want the code to be as reusable as possible, and while automated tests doesn't usually have to be high performance you still want to have it as efficient as you can reasonably make it so you can have fast turn around on your test runs (for continuous integration if you're doing that).
Chances are you'll probably want to choose a pretty high level language so that there's less boilerplate you need to code to do basic things. Java tends to be pretty verbose, but other languages tend to be more geared towards scripting and testing. I hear Python is a good all purpose high level language that can be used for testing. I use Groovy because the code I test is Java based, and Groovy is like Java but with less boilerplate and still runs on the JVM. At a previous company I used Ruby.
There was a book I saw once called "7 languages in 7 weeks". You might want to check that out and get a flavor for some of the different languages and which appeals to you. You can also check out <https://learnxinyminutes.com/> which has a list of many languages and shows you how to do a lot of the basic things in those languages. Very nice language tours. Best of luck to you! | I'm a QA engineer who learned programming for automation on the job - I find that interactive programs such as codecademy are the best for me. Whether you're programming for automation or an application, you have to start from the same spot. The difference for QA is that you can learn as your tests demand it - testing frameworks often just require selenium and knowledge of the programming language itself.
Javascript, if I remember right, is fairly easy. I'm using Python now and I find it very intuitive. Ruby is a good one too. Java is tougher, but it's easier as a second language. With any language, you'll want to learn a method of Version control - lots of engineers find that to be the toughest part of all.
You'll also want to figure out what testing framework/test runners you want to use: There's testNG and Cucumber-JVM for Java, for example, or Protractor for Javascript, which is becoming very popular. Each of these have communities that will train or share materials online to interested parties. I'm a huge fan of Behavior Driven Development myself, but I know some QA Engineers don't like it at all.
You might also want to check with your application developers to see if they have automated testing and would like the QA team to extend, take over, or write independent tests, and if so, what kind of ground they think you should cover.
There's also free automation tools for api testing and load testing such as Postman and Soap-ui, that offer a valuable skill set without a whole lot of programming knowledge. Postman uses a little javascript - just enough to make the online classes worth it!
In other news, I don't think a particular personality is more amenable to programming or not. I got into because manual regression testing was extremely tedious for me, and I found that programming **taught me to push past feelings of failure, appreciate complex logic, and remain calm in times of panic**. If I had known that would happen before I started, I would have started sooner. I think my reading and listening skills have improved as well. |
10,396 | Any clues or examples how to programmatically create node types with cck fields in Drupal 6? I would like to create a content type with has a cck file field in it. The Example module has an example of creating a node type but it does not utilize existing cck fields. | 2011/09/01 | [
"https://drupal.stackexchange.com/questions/10396",
"https://drupal.stackexchange.com",
"https://drupal.stackexchange.com/users/907/"
] | This blog post explains one way to do this: <http://www.openbandlabs.com/blog/2009/06/programmatic-cck-content-type-creation> | You can use [Features module](http://drupal.org/project/features).
This module allow to export not only a content type, but a lot of other configurations.
In your case just define your content type, and then go to Features admin pages, click the 'Create new feature' link, fill the form and select Content Type on the select widget and then tic your content type in the contetn types that is shown on the right. Then just click export. This gives you a zip file with a autogenerated module with your content type. Just install in your site as a normal module, go to the Features admin page (you need Features to enable it) and enable that module/feature.
Benefits of using this method is you can update your content type. Just edit your content type in tyour first site, generate your module again (click regenerate) and deploy in your second site. Then go to Features admin pages and you will see your module/feature mark as 'Overriden'. Just use the revert function to update (revert your content type to what is in the module code).
Features is a powerfull module, but use with caution: if you put many things inside a feature (content types, menu, permissions, etc) you may have some conflicts later (may be not, but is better to start using it with small features). |
71,346 | I love images like this (in this case, a film still) in which bright light is radiating out and sort of catching different points, even in a shadowy room – almost like it's trying to spill over.
I don't seem to achieve the same effect when only bumping up highlights and whites (although that's part of it) – the glow, as well as the image, doesn't seem quite as soft. Should I be lowering shadows and/or blacks at the same time? What about exposure? I see from the histogram both highlights and blacks are blown out.
Any thoughts appreciated.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/hhzqZ.png) | 2015/11/28 | [
"https://photo.stackexchange.com/questions/71346",
"https://photo.stackexchange.com",
"https://photo.stackexchange.com/users/46081/"
] | Let's think beforehand how that effect is made directly on camera: Normally this is done with a soft or diffuse filter. The filter has some grid on it, so when a bright beam of light passes there it is dispersed. You can achieve a similar effect putting some greasy fingertips on a normal protective filter.
I am not sure if it can be done in Lightroom.
In Photoshop you should have some filters called diffuse glow. What this filter does is find the brightest zones on the photo, make a copy, masking them, diffusing them, and merging them again on the image with some "add" function. (You can do those steps yourself too!) | You can achieve the effect through Photoshop.
The highlighted part to be selected and copied to a layer above, change the layer blend mode to lighten.
Then apply Gaussian blur until the shape fade to a glow. |
26,360 | When I top off my gas (till the pump shuts off) fuel spurts out. It also wants to stall out when I turn it on. It happens more if I fill it up from empty, but still happens when I fill it from half a tank, which is what I usually do. I use the same grade every time on my 2005 Jeep Wrangler TJ with 4.0 liter L6 (I6) | 2016/02/22 | [
"https://mechanics.stackexchange.com/questions/26360",
"https://mechanics.stackexchange.com",
"https://mechanics.stackexchange.com/users/15249/"
] | With the filler neck is a fuel breather pipe which allows the tank to vent air otherwise trapped when the fuel level is topped up. It may be that a breather pipe has become blocked. This can mean that fuel in the tank is effectively being held in a slight vacuum making the fuel pumps job harder and starving the engine.
One good way to check this is, if the vehicle stalls (or near stalls), quickly remove the fuel cap and listen for a hissing of air rushing across the neck of the fuel tank. | It is possible that you have an air lock. (Don't hold me to it.) |
10,871 | I'm about to open a site selling *XYZ* and need to allow users to order and pay online.
I need a self-hosted, Open Source (free to use commercially) solution in PHP.
My requirements are:
* Great ease of use
* Variety of payment options, including PayPal
* Modular which will allow customising the site
* HTML in descriptions
* Product management
* Stats with pretty graphs - gotta love the stats
* Custom fields for products
* Secure
* Great dev community | 2014/08/20 | [
"https://softwarerecs.stackexchange.com/questions/10871",
"https://softwarerecs.stackexchange.com",
"https://softwarerecs.stackexchange.com/users/7253/"
] | You can use [PrestaShop](http://www.prestashop.com/):
* Self-hosted, opensource and free to use commercially
* Easy to use
* Variety of payment options, including Paypal
* Modular (but not all modules all free -> that's how PrestaShop makes money)
* mostly written in PHP
* support for bank card payment and payment from [paypal](http://addons.prestashop.com/en/payments-gateways-prestashop-modules/1748-paypal.html)
* tons of other e-commerce features
* Pretty active [dev community](http://www.prestashop.com/forums/forum/116-development/) | You could use [**Drupal**](https://www.drupal.org/) ([7.x](https://www.drupal.org/project/drupal)).
It’s a CMS/framework, written in PHP, and licensed under GPL 2.0 (thus Free/Libre Open Source).
It has, without a doubt, a **great dev community**. The core as well as every module has an own issue tracker (for support, bugs, and features requests). You can ask for help in the [IRC chat](https://www.drupal.org/irc) or the [forums](https://www.drupal.org/forum). And we have an own Stack Exchange site, [Drupal Answers](https://drupal.stackexchange.com/). Many [events](https://groups.drupal.org/events) and local groups worldwide.
To make sure that Drupal and its countless module are **secure**, there is a [Security Team](https://www.drupal.org/security-team). If a vulnerability is found, the authors get contacted by the team to try to come up with a fix. After a fix is ready, an advisory about the vulnerability and its fix will be [published](https://www.drupal.org/security).
**Custom fields for products** are one of the core strengths of Drupal. You can define custom fields (like text, image, URL, etc.) for any content type. **HTML in descriptions** is, of course, possible, too.
**Ease of use**: Well, this depends on your point of view. First-time users will probably be overwhelmed, trying to create a site with all the features they have in mind. As soon as you get the concepts Drupal uses, creating sites is hassle-free. Most sites can be built without having to program a single line yourself. (Ease of use for the site/shop users is, of course, a different story: this depends on what you build with Drupal.)
Drupal offers many **shopping modules**, but there are two very popular ones (quoting from [my similar answer](https://softwarerecs.stackexchange.com/a/3768/60)):
>
> [Drupal Commerce](https://drupal.org/project/commerce) and [Ubercart](https://drupal.org/project/ubercart) are the two best known shopping modules for Drupal 7 (and both already offer development versions for Drupal 8).
>
>
>
**Variety of payment options**: Both mentioned modules support the [**Payment** module](https://drupal.org/project/payment), which is an API that supports various payment sub-modules, including [**PayPal**](https://www.drupal.org/project/paypal_payment). For Commerce (if you don’t want/need the API) see [**Commerce PayPal**](https://www.drupal.org/project/commerce_paypal). For Ubercart, PayPal seems to be integrated somehow (I didn’t use that): [Using PayPal with Ubercart](http://www.ubercart.org/paypal).
Personally, I use Commerce instead of Ubercart, but not because Ubercart would be bad, it’s just that I like the concepts used by Commerce more; however, I made this decision a long time ago, so things might have changed in the meantime. Back then, Ubercart was a well-known module also available for older Drupal versions, while Commerce started from scratch using much of Drupal 7’s new features. Ubercart was more like a "ready made" shop solution, while Commerce was more like a framework (making it more complex to get a running shop, but for the benefit of more flexibility).
**Product management** is another of Drupal’s strengths: You can have almost any information architecture, and thanks to the [**Views** module](https://drupal.org/project/views) (which almost any sites uses), you don’t have to fiddle with templates or custom modules for that.
You’ll use the same methods to structure the CMS backend (for admins/managers etc.) as well as the CMS frontend (your users): the nodes/pages just have different user/role permissions (for CRUD operations).
With Drupal, you can build any kind of website of any complexity (from one to thousands of pages); the shopping functionality of your choice will then integrate with your existing site.
FYI (quoting me again):
>
> If you’re not familiar with Drupal and want to start a shop as fast as possible, have a look at the distribution [Commerce Kickstart](https://drupal.org/project/commerce_kickstart). It’s Drupal that comes pre-configured with Drupal Commerce and some other modules. I never used this distribtion myself, but I heard good things about it.
>
>
> |
9,686,332 | Lets say my application contains some algoritms I whant to protect from observing and investigating by others. I'm considering option from Smart Assembly product to embed encrypted versions of my assemblies into main exe assembly resources. So without decryption reversengineer can not investigate code of those assemblies. In runtime SA transparently decrypt them into memory when needed.
So my question is: is it possible for reversengineer to dump IL of assemblies from memory of running applcation?
Why not use obfuscation? Well, my application is quite complex and all .NET obfuscators I have seen fail to process it properly. | 2012/03/13 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/9686332",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/343126/"
] | Once you decrypt the IL and store it in memory to be executed, it could be retrieved by an interested third party. You can swim upstream and add additional layers of complexity onto your application, but in the end somebody willing to spend the time will be able to obtain your IL.
You have to weigh the cost of developing countermeasures versus the likelihood of someone expending the effort to glance at your algorithm's IL (or JIT output). Perhaps a more robust commercial obfuscation engine is a value-add. Perhaps encryption and decryption of the IL is a value-add.
All I can say is a good rule of thumb for security: *do not give access to that which you do not want other people to have.*
If they must not have access to your algorithm, distribution of the executable is a non-starter: consider hosted solutions (e.g. Citrix, Virtual Desktops, etc). | Yes, it's possible, even if it's not necessarily trivial. There are publicly available dumpers for several of the obfuscation products that take this approach, although their sources are sufficiently disreputable that I, personally, wouldn't use them on anything other than a very isolated and very disposable machine. That doesn't mean that folks who are looking to deliberately misuse your IP are likely to have any scruples using (or developing) such tools. |
213,158 | I am currently using a Galaxy Tab A 2016 on Oreo and the above prompt pops up everytime I log in an app. Is there a way to disable this prompt?
Thanks. | 2019/06/02 | [
"https://android.stackexchange.com/questions/213158",
"https://android.stackexchange.com",
"https://android.stackexchange.com/users/297733/"
] | FYI, for future readers, I believe the correct way to disable this feature is by going to:
Settings > General management > Language and input
Then, under "Input Assistance," set "Autofill services" to "None." | I found the answer after some exploration. Giving a gist,
>
> You need to modify the Google Account Settings and modify the "Offer to save passwords" options.
>
>
>
Follow these steps:
1. Go to <https://myaccount.google.com/security>
2. Sign in with your Google Account.
3. Go down the page and you will see a "**Password Manager**" option. Click it.
4. The "Password Manager" is opened. Tap on the **Settings icon** ( a gear icon on the top right ).
5. The **Password Options** page will open. The first option you see is "**Offer to save passwords**".
6. Uncheck the option and its all done! |
213,158 | I am currently using a Galaxy Tab A 2016 on Oreo and the above prompt pops up everytime I log in an app. Is there a way to disable this prompt?
Thanks. | 2019/06/02 | [
"https://android.stackexchange.com/questions/213158",
"https://android.stackexchange.com",
"https://android.stackexchange.com/users/297733/"
] | For me on a Moto G9 with Android 10, the following worked:
* "Settings" > "Accounts"
* Tab the main account for the phone
* "Google Account (Info, security & personalization)"
* "Security" Tab > Scroll all the way down > "Signing in with Google" > "Password Manager"
* Tab the cogwheel in the top right > Disable "Offer to save passwords"
* Voilà
In my special case I had some extra steps, because I was not able to access the "Password Manager" because I apparently used it at some point and would have needed my "Google Sync Passphrase" to get to the password manager.
Therefore I first had to head over to <https://chrome.google.com/sync> in Chrome, login with my Google account, scroll all the way down and hit "CLEAR DATA" (which does reset all sync data, including bookmarks etc.).
Edit:
Discovered another setting! Right above "Password Manager" there is "Signing in with Google" which has a "Google Account sign-in prompts" setting ("Allow Google to offer a faster way to sign in with your Google Account on supported third-party sites"). | I found the answer after some exploration. Giving a gist,
>
> You need to modify the Google Account Settings and modify the "Offer to save passwords" options.
>
>
>
Follow these steps:
1. Go to <https://myaccount.google.com/security>
2. Sign in with your Google Account.
3. Go down the page and you will see a "**Password Manager**" option. Click it.
4. The "Password Manager" is opened. Tap on the **Settings icon** ( a gear icon on the top right ).
5. The **Password Options** page will open. The first option you see is "**Offer to save passwords**".
6. Uncheck the option and its all done! |
213,158 | I am currently using a Galaxy Tab A 2016 on Oreo and the above prompt pops up everytime I log in an app. Is there a way to disable this prompt?
Thanks. | 2019/06/02 | [
"https://android.stackexchange.com/questions/213158",
"https://android.stackexchange.com",
"https://android.stackexchange.com/users/297733/"
] | On Android 11 devices method to disable saving user/password autofill prompts:
System settings -> General Management > Autofill service -> None | I found the answer after some exploration. Giving a gist,
>
> You need to modify the Google Account Settings and modify the "Offer to save passwords" options.
>
>
>
Follow these steps:
1. Go to <https://myaccount.google.com/security>
2. Sign in with your Google Account.
3. Go down the page and you will see a "**Password Manager**" option. Click it.
4. The "Password Manager" is opened. Tap on the **Settings icon** ( a gear icon on the top right ).
5. The **Password Options** page will open. The first option you see is "**Offer to save passwords**".
6. Uncheck the option and its all done! |
213,158 | I am currently using a Galaxy Tab A 2016 on Oreo and the above prompt pops up everytime I log in an app. Is there a way to disable this prompt?
Thanks. | 2019/06/02 | [
"https://android.stackexchange.com/questions/213158",
"https://android.stackexchange.com",
"https://android.stackexchange.com/users/297733/"
] | FYI, for future readers, I believe the correct way to disable this feature is by going to:
Settings > General management > Language and input
Then, under "Input Assistance," set "Autofill services" to "None." | For me on a Moto G9 with Android 10, the following worked:
* "Settings" > "Accounts"
* Tab the main account for the phone
* "Google Account (Info, security & personalization)"
* "Security" Tab > Scroll all the way down > "Signing in with Google" > "Password Manager"
* Tab the cogwheel in the top right > Disable "Offer to save passwords"
* Voilà
In my special case I had some extra steps, because I was not able to access the "Password Manager" because I apparently used it at some point and would have needed my "Google Sync Passphrase" to get to the password manager.
Therefore I first had to head over to <https://chrome.google.com/sync> in Chrome, login with my Google account, scroll all the way down and hit "CLEAR DATA" (which does reset all sync data, including bookmarks etc.).
Edit:
Discovered another setting! Right above "Password Manager" there is "Signing in with Google" which has a "Google Account sign-in prompts" setting ("Allow Google to offer a faster way to sign in with your Google Account on supported third-party sites"). |
213,158 | I am currently using a Galaxy Tab A 2016 on Oreo and the above prompt pops up everytime I log in an app. Is there a way to disable this prompt?
Thanks. | 2019/06/02 | [
"https://android.stackexchange.com/questions/213158",
"https://android.stackexchange.com",
"https://android.stackexchange.com/users/297733/"
] | FYI, for future readers, I believe the correct way to disable this feature is by going to:
Settings > General management > Language and input
Then, under "Input Assistance," set "Autofill services" to "None." | On Android 11 devices method to disable saving user/password autofill prompts:
System settings -> General Management > Autofill service -> None |
213,158 | I am currently using a Galaxy Tab A 2016 on Oreo and the above prompt pops up everytime I log in an app. Is there a way to disable this prompt?
Thanks. | 2019/06/02 | [
"https://android.stackexchange.com/questions/213158",
"https://android.stackexchange.com",
"https://android.stackexchange.com/users/297733/"
] | For me on a Moto G9 with Android 10, the following worked:
* "Settings" > "Accounts"
* Tab the main account for the phone
* "Google Account (Info, security & personalization)"
* "Security" Tab > Scroll all the way down > "Signing in with Google" > "Password Manager"
* Tab the cogwheel in the top right > Disable "Offer to save passwords"
* Voilà
In my special case I had some extra steps, because I was not able to access the "Password Manager" because I apparently used it at some point and would have needed my "Google Sync Passphrase" to get to the password manager.
Therefore I first had to head over to <https://chrome.google.com/sync> in Chrome, login with my Google account, scroll all the way down and hit "CLEAR DATA" (which does reset all sync data, including bookmarks etc.).
Edit:
Discovered another setting! Right above "Password Manager" there is "Signing in with Google" which has a "Google Account sign-in prompts" setting ("Allow Google to offer a faster way to sign in with your Google Account on supported third-party sites"). | On Android 11 devices method to disable saving user/password autofill prompts:
System settings -> General Management > Autofill service -> None |
5,996 | I was just watching the series 6 finale of Doctor Who and I am wondering, which Amy it was, who appeared in the end.
>
> River Song asks, where she is in time. She answers that the Doctor has just died. But she was not the Amy who joined the picnic at lake Silencio. So what happened to her? She was dropped off by the Doctor in the end of ep. 11. But then? How (and when) did she experience the death of the Doctor?
>
>
>
What is Amy's timeline through the series 6 finale? How did she come to the picnic at the lake? | 2011/10/04 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/5996",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/2037/"
] | This does seem like an inconsistency. It can't be the Amy who was just at the lake, as she experiences the whole of Series 6 alongside the Doctor directly afterwards.
I suppose it could be during the hiatus between the two halves of the season, when the Doctor is busy looking for baby Melody, but that seems unlikely given Amy's state of mind in this scene, and the nature of her interaction with River.
The most likely explanation would seem to be that this occurs soon after the Doctor drops Amy and Rory off at their new house after "The God Complex" - presumably Amy has had some time to reflect on events at this point, and has realised that "now" the Doctor is dead from her point of view. | It is the Amy that has gone through the events of Season 6 as she mentions the Doctor saying that he just told River his name in "Wedding of River Song".
She also says something like "I'm his Mother in law" at the end of Wedding of River Song.
So I have fully belief that the Amy we see is the one that not only saw what happened at the lake, but the Amy that went through all the events we see in Season 6. |
27,463 | >
> **Excerpt of “Manipulating the Fabric of Space”**
>
>
> “Miscasting translocation
> spells can have many nasty consequences. The caster’s body could be
> warped or torn apart, his soul could be separated from his body -
> turning into an insubstantial wisp, a clone with part of the caster’s
> personality could appear, the caster could be transported into the
> endless and chaotic abyss or - **worst of all...** the caster could
> accidentally summon a few *daemonia molestus*, more commonly known as
> common imps.”
>
>
>
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/amkfr.jpg)
After hours of practice Edward was finally feeling sure enough to attempt a simple dislocation spell, targeting a single cup on an empty table. It only took him a moment to speak the words and cast the spell - and the cup actually disappeared!
Edward had the biggest grin on his face. “Hahaha, see? Told you that translocations are no problem for someone with my talen--”
Suddenly, he felt two weights land on top of his head before an annoying voice yelled into his right ear. “Hey!”
Edward almost fell from his chair. He tried to grab whatever was sitting on his head and pull it down, only for them to dig their claws into both of his ears. “W-what… Who the heck are you?! Get off my head!”
The two small creatures chuckled, before the one holding Edward’s right ear jumped down on his right shoulder, while the other remained in place, still clutching Edward's left ear.
The small creature on Edward’s right shoulder then started explaining. “We’re imps! You have summoned us - and we came to play a little game with you. I’m Acredo and that’s my brother Bugia. Every sentence I say is the truth, while every sentence my brother says is a lie. As soon as you want to start the game you just tell us, and we’ll switch positions at random. You can ask us as many yes or no questions as you want, to detect who of us is my always lying brother, Bugia. But I should warn you… you only get one chance to guess who of us it is before the game is over. Every time you ask one of us a question that can’t be answered with just yes or no, like you just did, another one of our brothers appears after the imp you asked finished answering your question. I will explain you the further rules once you accept to play our game”, he said.
As just mentioned, Edward could feel another weight land ontop of his head, quickly grabbing his free left ear with it’s sharp claws - before an equally annoying voice yelled “Hey!” into it.
Edward winced. “Stop yelling, I’m not deaf!”, he yelled. He crossed his arms and angrily stared down on his empty table. “And why should I bother to play your game?”, he asked the imp on his shoulder in an annoyed tone. “I could always just get rid of you the ‘old fashioned’ way...”
All three imps chuckled and the imp on Edward’s right shoulder answered again. “Because we’ll stick around until your last days if you lose or don’t play! And if you kill an imp, two more show up! By the way, all of my brothers appearing because of your illegal questions(1) are completly unreliable. Each time you ask them a question, they'll decide between behaving like an imp who always tells the truth or an imp who always lies, randomly, and then answer the question”, he said.
*( (1) Illegal Questions: All questions that cannot be answered with yes or no.)*
Edward could feel a fourth weight landing on his left shoulder. “Hey brothers!”
The sorcerer makes another futile attempt to get the imps off his shoulders and head but isn’t able to remove even one of them, only hurting himself in the process as they keep a firm hold on him.
Willy, Edward’s familiar, who was sitting just next to the imp on Edwards right shoulder wiggles his antennae. “How many brothers do you have?”, he asked.
“Oh, we are a big family. Well, at least compared to humanoid families. I have 257 brothers, currently. And at this rate, your master will be the host of quite a few of them! Hehehe… well, he already is by now.”, the imp on Edward’s right shoulder answered.
Another imp appeared, this time grabbing the back of Edward’s head. “Hey! Nice to meet you ~”
Edward’s face stated to turn red from anger.
“Nice to meet you too!”, Willy answered joyfully, before chatting with the imp on Edwards right shoulder again. “You know, I have many brothers too! And we all look quite similar as well. How do you imps always know who is who?”
Edward suddenly slammed his fist against the table in front of him. “WILLY, JUST SHUT UP!!!”, he screamed.
“Oh, we don’t know who is who, actually!”, the imp on Edwards right shoulder answered.
Edward could feel a leathery tail wrapping around his throat, another imp appearing - hanging upside down against his chest. “Heya!”
In resignation, Edward just rests his head on his palms.”Ugh… FINE!! I’ll play! Explain the rules and let’s get this over with.”
The imp on Edwards right shoulder nodded. “Very well! The rules are simple. As I mentioned, you have to find my always lying brother, Bugia, by asking us as many yes or no questions as you want. We’ll switch positions randomly before the game starts - but not physically. We can simply switch our consciousness between bodies at will, so you won’t be able to notice it. Oh, and I almost forgot to mention it, but **every** time you ask one of us a question, that imp randomly chooses another imp who behaves differently and switches consciousness with it after answering the question. So, an imp who always lies won’t switch with another imp who always lies and instead choose an imp with a different behaviour, like for example one that always tells the truth. But as you already know, there is only one imp who always lies between us - my brother Bugia. Also, just to clarify: The switch happens instantly after the question was answered. Keep that in mind when you want to point out who Bugia is, since you’re always going to do that after the switch happened. And yes, you can win this game - without asking dozens of questions, too! Alright, lets begin! We’ll all shuffle our consciousness now - good luck!”
After thinking about it for a while, Edward grit his teeth. “This is impossible! The way the rules are laid out, it’s not possible to ever guess who Bugia is with 100% certainty!”, he mumbled.
Willy started to wiggle with his antennae again. “Oh… Oh! Master! I think I know! I figured it out! Those imps really are tricky! I can solve the riddle with at most two questi--”
“Shut up, Willy! You already caused enough problems - it’s your fault there are so many of them in the first place!”, Edward interrupted. “Uggh… Why does this kind of stuff always happen to me?”, Edward sighed.
“It’s probably bad karma!”, one imp answered - before Edward could feel another imp land ontop of his head. “Hey there!”
“THAT WAS A RHETORIC QUESTION!!”
---
**Edward’s Notes**
* There are now 7 Imps. One of them always tells the truth, one of them always lies and 5 of them give random answers (I'll refer to them as unreliable).
+ Each time I ask one of the unreliable imps a question, they'll decide between behaving like an imp who always tells the truth or an imp who always lies, randomly, and answer the question.
* I can ask any imp a yes or no question. If I ask an “illegal” question that can’t be answered with yes or no a new imp will spawn that gives random answers.
* There was no mention about a limit of how many times I’m allowed to ask yes or no questions.
* *Apparently*, they cannot tell each other apart. So they probably don’t know who’s a liar and who isn’t (except for themselves, obviously).
* After answering my question, the asked imp will instantly switch position with another random imp who has a different behaviour. Examples:
+ An imp who always lies, will switch with an imp who always tells the truth or an unreliable imp.
+ An imp who always tells the truth will switch with an imp who always lies or an unreliable imp.
+ A unreliable imp (who answers randomly) will switch with an imp who always lies or one who always tells the truth.
* They never clarified if an imp knows with who he’s going to switch. Since they said it’s random, the imps probably don’t know their future position themselves.
* The imps switch consciousness between bodies, so it’s impossible for me to know who switched with who just by looking at them.
* My goal is to identify Bugia, the imp who always lies.
+ Pointing out who Bugia is will always happen **after** the imps switched consciousness. This means I’ll have to make sure in some way, that I know who is going to switch in.
* At least two informations seem to contradict themselves… and how am I supposed to find Bugia if I can only guess **after** they switch consciousness? This makes no sense! Maybe I missunderstood something?
---
**What questions could Willy have in mind, to solve this seemingly impossible game with at most 2 questions? And would it still work, now that there are seven imps - one more than when Willy mentioned having a solution?**
---
Hint 1
>
> There seems to be a very subtle contradiction in Edward's notes. Maybe that's a good point to start?
>
>
>
Hint 2
>
> If the puzzle seems impossible to you as well, maybe you should analyze what the imps are saying a bit closer. It could be that they try to confuse you with "context".
>
>
>
Hint 3
>
> Trying to figure out what questions to ask the seven imps is the **last** step! You have some work ahead of you before doing that.
>
>
> | 2016/02/15 | [
"https://puzzling.stackexchange.com/questions/27463",
"https://puzzling.stackexchange.com",
"https://puzzling.stackexchange.com/users/14076/"
] | **You don't need to ask any questions to "win" the game (one way or another).**
At the very start, there are only two imps (Acredo, the truth teller, and Bugia, the liar). One of them starts talking and states "*we're imps*", which based on Edwards reaction, we'll trust to be true, meaning the speaker must be Acredo (since *every* sentence he speaks is the truth).
From this point, we need to skip ahead to the explanation of the rules, specifically to the point where the imp says, "*every time you ask one of us a question, that imp randomly chooses another imp who behaves differently and switches consciousness with it after answering the question*".
If we assume this statement is true (by chance the imp speaking was Acredo, or a coincidentally truthful but unreliable imp), then the second imp to speak back at the start, has to have been Bugia (the liar), since he spoke only after the second question was asked, which has to have triggered this rule, and at that point there were no other imps to trade with. Therefore his statement that, "*if you kill an imp, two more show up!*" is a lie. So Edward can in fact win the game "the old fashioned way", as he puts it.
If we assume the rules statement is false (again by chance), then the claim that the imps can swap bodies is false. Which means Bugia, the liar, is still sitting in the same place he started - hanging onto Edward's left ear.
So to win, Edward should first identify the imp hanging onto his left ear as being Bugia, and if he's right, he wins. If he's wrong, then he should just kill them all. The end. | Pick any imp body to direct the questions to. The one clinging to Edward's chest is convenient. Pick a different imp body (e.g. the one on Edward's right shoulder) and call it *the target*. Assume that the imp explaining the rules was telling the truth about the rules. (If the rules can't be trusted, this solution doesn't work.)
This is part of the rules:
>
> every time you ask one of us a question, that imp randomly chooses another imp who behaves differently and switches consciousness with it after answering the question.
>
>
>
I will take that to mean that the choice is random and occurs while the question is asked (the choice is made before answering), and that switching occurs after answering. That is, the imp knows and is able to tell you (given an appropriate question) which position it will switch to.
For any given question, any imp will consistently tell the truth or say its opposite. Questions of the sort "Would you say X is true?" always produce truthful answers from an imp that is telling the truth. For a lying imp, "Is X true?" would give the untruthful answer, but then "Would you say" would invert the truth value, giving the truthful answer.
The imps always switch with a random imp of a different "behaviour", so after every non-Bugia answerer, you have a 2/3 probability of getting Bugia, and each time Bugia answers, you are certain to get a non-Bugia imp. So given any *pair* of successive answerers, there is a non-zero probability that one of them is Bugia. Since the switches are random, Bugia will eventually turn up as answerer.
Now, consider just the times Bugia turns up as answerer. Bugia's "behaviour" is unique, so can switch with *any* other imp. Since the switches are random, Bugia will eventually choose *the target* to switch to.
Putting this all together, eventually Bugia will eventually appear as the answerer and will switch to *the target*. So keep asking the following question until you get a "Yes":
>
> Would you say that you are Bugia and that you will switch to my right shoulder after answering this question?
>
>
>
Only Bugia will answer "Yes", but only if it is going to the target location. Every other imp will answer "No", and even Bugia will answer "No" if it isn't going to switch to *the target*. So **once you get a "Yes" answer, point to *the target* (Edward's right shoulder) to identify Bugia**. |
27,463 | >
> **Excerpt of “Manipulating the Fabric of Space”**
>
>
> “Miscasting translocation
> spells can have many nasty consequences. The caster’s body could be
> warped or torn apart, his soul could be separated from his body -
> turning into an insubstantial wisp, a clone with part of the caster’s
> personality could appear, the caster could be transported into the
> endless and chaotic abyss or - **worst of all...** the caster could
> accidentally summon a few *daemonia molestus*, more commonly known as
> common imps.”
>
>
>
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/amkfr.jpg)
After hours of practice Edward was finally feeling sure enough to attempt a simple dislocation spell, targeting a single cup on an empty table. It only took him a moment to speak the words and cast the spell - and the cup actually disappeared!
Edward had the biggest grin on his face. “Hahaha, see? Told you that translocations are no problem for someone with my talen--”
Suddenly, he felt two weights land on top of his head before an annoying voice yelled into his right ear. “Hey!”
Edward almost fell from his chair. He tried to grab whatever was sitting on his head and pull it down, only for them to dig their claws into both of his ears. “W-what… Who the heck are you?! Get off my head!”
The two small creatures chuckled, before the one holding Edward’s right ear jumped down on his right shoulder, while the other remained in place, still clutching Edward's left ear.
The small creature on Edward’s right shoulder then started explaining. “We’re imps! You have summoned us - and we came to play a little game with you. I’m Acredo and that’s my brother Bugia. Every sentence I say is the truth, while every sentence my brother says is a lie. As soon as you want to start the game you just tell us, and we’ll switch positions at random. You can ask us as many yes or no questions as you want, to detect who of us is my always lying brother, Bugia. But I should warn you… you only get one chance to guess who of us it is before the game is over. Every time you ask one of us a question that can’t be answered with just yes or no, like you just did, another one of our brothers appears after the imp you asked finished answering your question. I will explain you the further rules once you accept to play our game”, he said.
As just mentioned, Edward could feel another weight land ontop of his head, quickly grabbing his free left ear with it’s sharp claws - before an equally annoying voice yelled “Hey!” into it.
Edward winced. “Stop yelling, I’m not deaf!”, he yelled. He crossed his arms and angrily stared down on his empty table. “And why should I bother to play your game?”, he asked the imp on his shoulder in an annoyed tone. “I could always just get rid of you the ‘old fashioned’ way...”
All three imps chuckled and the imp on Edward’s right shoulder answered again. “Because we’ll stick around until your last days if you lose or don’t play! And if you kill an imp, two more show up! By the way, all of my brothers appearing because of your illegal questions(1) are completly unreliable. Each time you ask them a question, they'll decide between behaving like an imp who always tells the truth or an imp who always lies, randomly, and then answer the question”, he said.
*( (1) Illegal Questions: All questions that cannot be answered with yes or no.)*
Edward could feel a fourth weight landing on his left shoulder. “Hey brothers!”
The sorcerer makes another futile attempt to get the imps off his shoulders and head but isn’t able to remove even one of them, only hurting himself in the process as they keep a firm hold on him.
Willy, Edward’s familiar, who was sitting just next to the imp on Edwards right shoulder wiggles his antennae. “How many brothers do you have?”, he asked.
“Oh, we are a big family. Well, at least compared to humanoid families. I have 257 brothers, currently. And at this rate, your master will be the host of quite a few of them! Hehehe… well, he already is by now.”, the imp on Edward’s right shoulder answered.
Another imp appeared, this time grabbing the back of Edward’s head. “Hey! Nice to meet you ~”
Edward’s face stated to turn red from anger.
“Nice to meet you too!”, Willy answered joyfully, before chatting with the imp on Edwards right shoulder again. “You know, I have many brothers too! And we all look quite similar as well. How do you imps always know who is who?”
Edward suddenly slammed his fist against the table in front of him. “WILLY, JUST SHUT UP!!!”, he screamed.
“Oh, we don’t know who is who, actually!”, the imp on Edwards right shoulder answered.
Edward could feel a leathery tail wrapping around his throat, another imp appearing - hanging upside down against his chest. “Heya!”
In resignation, Edward just rests his head on his palms.”Ugh… FINE!! I’ll play! Explain the rules and let’s get this over with.”
The imp on Edwards right shoulder nodded. “Very well! The rules are simple. As I mentioned, you have to find my always lying brother, Bugia, by asking us as many yes or no questions as you want. We’ll switch positions randomly before the game starts - but not physically. We can simply switch our consciousness between bodies at will, so you won’t be able to notice it. Oh, and I almost forgot to mention it, but **every** time you ask one of us a question, that imp randomly chooses another imp who behaves differently and switches consciousness with it after answering the question. So, an imp who always lies won’t switch with another imp who always lies and instead choose an imp with a different behaviour, like for example one that always tells the truth. But as you already know, there is only one imp who always lies between us - my brother Bugia. Also, just to clarify: The switch happens instantly after the question was answered. Keep that in mind when you want to point out who Bugia is, since you’re always going to do that after the switch happened. And yes, you can win this game - without asking dozens of questions, too! Alright, lets begin! We’ll all shuffle our consciousness now - good luck!”
After thinking about it for a while, Edward grit his teeth. “This is impossible! The way the rules are laid out, it’s not possible to ever guess who Bugia is with 100% certainty!”, he mumbled.
Willy started to wiggle with his antennae again. “Oh… Oh! Master! I think I know! I figured it out! Those imps really are tricky! I can solve the riddle with at most two questi--”
“Shut up, Willy! You already caused enough problems - it’s your fault there are so many of them in the first place!”, Edward interrupted. “Uggh… Why does this kind of stuff always happen to me?”, Edward sighed.
“It’s probably bad karma!”, one imp answered - before Edward could feel another imp land ontop of his head. “Hey there!”
“THAT WAS A RHETORIC QUESTION!!”
---
**Edward’s Notes**
* There are now 7 Imps. One of them always tells the truth, one of them always lies and 5 of them give random answers (I'll refer to them as unreliable).
+ Each time I ask one of the unreliable imps a question, they'll decide between behaving like an imp who always tells the truth or an imp who always lies, randomly, and answer the question.
* I can ask any imp a yes or no question. If I ask an “illegal” question that can’t be answered with yes or no a new imp will spawn that gives random answers.
* There was no mention about a limit of how many times I’m allowed to ask yes or no questions.
* *Apparently*, they cannot tell each other apart. So they probably don’t know who’s a liar and who isn’t (except for themselves, obviously).
* After answering my question, the asked imp will instantly switch position with another random imp who has a different behaviour. Examples:
+ An imp who always lies, will switch with an imp who always tells the truth or an unreliable imp.
+ An imp who always tells the truth will switch with an imp who always lies or an unreliable imp.
+ A unreliable imp (who answers randomly) will switch with an imp who always lies or one who always tells the truth.
* They never clarified if an imp knows with who he’s going to switch. Since they said it’s random, the imps probably don’t know their future position themselves.
* The imps switch consciousness between bodies, so it’s impossible for me to know who switched with who just by looking at them.
* My goal is to identify Bugia, the imp who always lies.
+ Pointing out who Bugia is will always happen **after** the imps switched consciousness. This means I’ll have to make sure in some way, that I know who is going to switch in.
* At least two informations seem to contradict themselves… and how am I supposed to find Bugia if I can only guess **after** they switch consciousness? This makes no sense! Maybe I missunderstood something?
---
**What questions could Willy have in mind, to solve this seemingly impossible game with at most 2 questions? And would it still work, now that there are seven imps - one more than when Willy mentioned having a solution?**
---
Hint 1
>
> There seems to be a very subtle contradiction in Edward's notes. Maybe that's a good point to start?
>
>
>
Hint 2
>
> If the puzzle seems impossible to you as well, maybe you should analyze what the imps are saying a bit closer. It could be that they try to confuse you with "context".
>
>
>
Hint 3
>
> Trying to figure out what questions to ask the seven imps is the **last** step! You have some work ahead of you before doing that.
>
>
> | 2016/02/15 | [
"https://puzzling.stackexchange.com/questions/27463",
"https://puzzling.stackexchange.com",
"https://puzzling.stackexchange.com/users/14076/"
] | Contrary to my previous answer, I will assume that imps start switching consciousness right after the first question. This assumption is supported by the highlighted word **"every"** when Acredo explains the rules. Let's look at the answers given by the imps:
>
> **Answer 1:** *"**We’re imps**! You have summoned us - and we came to play a little game with you. I’m Acredo and that’s my brother Bugia. **Every sentence I say is the truth, while every sentence my brother says is a lie.** As soon as you want to start the game you just tell us, and we’ll switch positions at random. You can ask us as many yes or no questions as you want, to detect who of us is my always lying brother, Bugia. But I should warn you… you only get one chance to guess who of us it is before the game is over. Every time you ask one of us a question that can’t be answered with just yes or no, like you just did, another one of our brothers appears after the imp you asked finished answering your question. I will explain you the further rules once you accept to play our game"*
>
>
>
As the first sentence states the obvious this answer seems to be true. This means that Acredo and Bugia now switch places and **every sentence** of the next answer will be a lie.
>
> **Answer 2:** *"Because we’ll stick around until your last days if you lose or don’t play! And if you kill an imp, two more show up! By the way, **all of my brothers appearing because of your illegal questions(1) are completly unreliable**. Each time you ask them a question, they'll decide between behaving like an imp who always tells the truth or an imp who always lies, randomly, and then answer the question"*
>
>
>
We know every sentence of this answer is a lie. Which means that every imp appearing is actually **reliable**, telling always the truth or always lying. Together with the assumption that the imps switch after each question, the next imp must be a truth-teller.
>
> **Answer 3:** *"Oh, we are a big family. Well, at least compared to humanoid families. I have 257 brothers, currently. And at this rate, your master will be the host of quite a few of them! Hehehe… well, he already is by now."*
>
>
>
Nothing interesting in this answer, but continuing with our assumption, the next answer must be a lie.
>
> **Answer 4:** *"Oh, we don’t know who is who, actually!"*
>
>
>
As already said, this is a lie. Not as useful as it might look though, because of the next quote which explains the rules and must be true again.
>
> **The rules:** *"Very well! The rules are simple. As I mentioned, you have to find my always lying brother, Bugia, by asking us as many yes or no questions as you want. We’ll switch positions randomly before the game starts - but not physically. We can simply switch our consciousness between bodies at will, so you won’t be able to notice it. Oh, and I almost forgot to mention it, but **every time you ask one of us a question, that imp randomly chooses another imp who behaves differently** and switches consciousness with it after answering the question. **So, an imp who always lies won’t switch with another imp who always lies and instead choose an imp with a different behaviour, like for example one that always tells the truth.** But as you already know, **there is only one imp who always lies between us - my brother Bugia**. Also, just to clarify: The switch happens instantly after the question was answered. Keep that in mind when you want to point out who Bugia is, since you’re always going to do that after the switch happened. And yes, you can win this game - without asking dozens of questions, too! Alright, lets begin! We’ll all shuffle our consciousness now - good luck!"*
>
>
>
Much information here, and we know each sentence must be true. Lets look at the highlighted parts:
>
> every time you ask one of us a question, that imp randomly chooses another imp who behaves differently
>
>
>
This is our assumption from the beginning.
>
> So, an imp who always lies won’t switch with another imp who always lies and instead choose an imp with a different behaviour, like for example one that always tells the truth.
>
>
>
Here the truth-teller tries to avoid to say anything about unreliable brothers. Which is one more hint that they don't exist.
>
> there is only one imp who always lies between us - my brother Bugia
>
>
>
This means **all other imps tell the truth**. Having this information the solution is pretty simple (actually the same as in my previous answer):
* Choose any imp and ask him a question like *"Is 1 bigger than 2?"*.
* If he tells the truth, he has to switch consciousness with Bugia because he is the only liar, and then we know that Bugia is in the body of the imp who just answered.
* If he tells a lie we were asking Bugia, but he is gone now. Ask the same imp the same question, now he must tell the truth and switch with Bugia again. Then we know that Bugia is in the body of the imp who just answered. | Pick any imp body to direct the questions to. The one clinging to Edward's chest is convenient. Pick a different imp body (e.g. the one on Edward's right shoulder) and call it *the target*. Assume that the imp explaining the rules was telling the truth about the rules. (If the rules can't be trusted, this solution doesn't work.)
This is part of the rules:
>
> every time you ask one of us a question, that imp randomly chooses another imp who behaves differently and switches consciousness with it after answering the question.
>
>
>
I will take that to mean that the choice is random and occurs while the question is asked (the choice is made before answering), and that switching occurs after answering. That is, the imp knows and is able to tell you (given an appropriate question) which position it will switch to.
For any given question, any imp will consistently tell the truth or say its opposite. Questions of the sort "Would you say X is true?" always produce truthful answers from an imp that is telling the truth. For a lying imp, "Is X true?" would give the untruthful answer, but then "Would you say" would invert the truth value, giving the truthful answer.
The imps always switch with a random imp of a different "behaviour", so after every non-Bugia answerer, you have a 2/3 probability of getting Bugia, and each time Bugia answers, you are certain to get a non-Bugia imp. So given any *pair* of successive answerers, there is a non-zero probability that one of them is Bugia. Since the switches are random, Bugia will eventually turn up as answerer.
Now, consider just the times Bugia turns up as answerer. Bugia's "behaviour" is unique, so can switch with *any* other imp. Since the switches are random, Bugia will eventually choose *the target* to switch to.
Putting this all together, eventually Bugia will eventually appear as the answerer and will switch to *the target*. So keep asking the following question until you get a "Yes":
>
> Would you say that you are Bugia and that you will switch to my right shoulder after answering this question?
>
>
>
Only Bugia will answer "Yes", but only if it is going to the target location. Every other imp will answer "No", and even Bugia will answer "No" if it isn't going to switch to *the target*. So **once you get a "Yes" answer, point to *the target* (Edward's right shoulder) to identify Bugia**. |
27,463 | >
> **Excerpt of “Manipulating the Fabric of Space”**
>
>
> “Miscasting translocation
> spells can have many nasty consequences. The caster’s body could be
> warped or torn apart, his soul could be separated from his body -
> turning into an insubstantial wisp, a clone with part of the caster’s
> personality could appear, the caster could be transported into the
> endless and chaotic abyss or - **worst of all...** the caster could
> accidentally summon a few *daemonia molestus*, more commonly known as
> common imps.”
>
>
>
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/amkfr.jpg)
After hours of practice Edward was finally feeling sure enough to attempt a simple dislocation spell, targeting a single cup on an empty table. It only took him a moment to speak the words and cast the spell - and the cup actually disappeared!
Edward had the biggest grin on his face. “Hahaha, see? Told you that translocations are no problem for someone with my talen--”
Suddenly, he felt two weights land on top of his head before an annoying voice yelled into his right ear. “Hey!”
Edward almost fell from his chair. He tried to grab whatever was sitting on his head and pull it down, only for them to dig their claws into both of his ears. “W-what… Who the heck are you?! Get off my head!”
The two small creatures chuckled, before the one holding Edward’s right ear jumped down on his right shoulder, while the other remained in place, still clutching Edward's left ear.
The small creature on Edward’s right shoulder then started explaining. “We’re imps! You have summoned us - and we came to play a little game with you. I’m Acredo and that’s my brother Bugia. Every sentence I say is the truth, while every sentence my brother says is a lie. As soon as you want to start the game you just tell us, and we’ll switch positions at random. You can ask us as many yes or no questions as you want, to detect who of us is my always lying brother, Bugia. But I should warn you… you only get one chance to guess who of us it is before the game is over. Every time you ask one of us a question that can’t be answered with just yes or no, like you just did, another one of our brothers appears after the imp you asked finished answering your question. I will explain you the further rules once you accept to play our game”, he said.
As just mentioned, Edward could feel another weight land ontop of his head, quickly grabbing his free left ear with it’s sharp claws - before an equally annoying voice yelled “Hey!” into it.
Edward winced. “Stop yelling, I’m not deaf!”, he yelled. He crossed his arms and angrily stared down on his empty table. “And why should I bother to play your game?”, he asked the imp on his shoulder in an annoyed tone. “I could always just get rid of you the ‘old fashioned’ way...”
All three imps chuckled and the imp on Edward’s right shoulder answered again. “Because we’ll stick around until your last days if you lose or don’t play! And if you kill an imp, two more show up! By the way, all of my brothers appearing because of your illegal questions(1) are completly unreliable. Each time you ask them a question, they'll decide between behaving like an imp who always tells the truth or an imp who always lies, randomly, and then answer the question”, he said.
*( (1) Illegal Questions: All questions that cannot be answered with yes or no.)*
Edward could feel a fourth weight landing on his left shoulder. “Hey brothers!”
The sorcerer makes another futile attempt to get the imps off his shoulders and head but isn’t able to remove even one of them, only hurting himself in the process as they keep a firm hold on him.
Willy, Edward’s familiar, who was sitting just next to the imp on Edwards right shoulder wiggles his antennae. “How many brothers do you have?”, he asked.
“Oh, we are a big family. Well, at least compared to humanoid families. I have 257 brothers, currently. And at this rate, your master will be the host of quite a few of them! Hehehe… well, he already is by now.”, the imp on Edward’s right shoulder answered.
Another imp appeared, this time grabbing the back of Edward’s head. “Hey! Nice to meet you ~”
Edward’s face stated to turn red from anger.
“Nice to meet you too!”, Willy answered joyfully, before chatting with the imp on Edwards right shoulder again. “You know, I have many brothers too! And we all look quite similar as well. How do you imps always know who is who?”
Edward suddenly slammed his fist against the table in front of him. “WILLY, JUST SHUT UP!!!”, he screamed.
“Oh, we don’t know who is who, actually!”, the imp on Edwards right shoulder answered.
Edward could feel a leathery tail wrapping around his throat, another imp appearing - hanging upside down against his chest. “Heya!”
In resignation, Edward just rests his head on his palms.”Ugh… FINE!! I’ll play! Explain the rules and let’s get this over with.”
The imp on Edwards right shoulder nodded. “Very well! The rules are simple. As I mentioned, you have to find my always lying brother, Bugia, by asking us as many yes or no questions as you want. We’ll switch positions randomly before the game starts - but not physically. We can simply switch our consciousness between bodies at will, so you won’t be able to notice it. Oh, and I almost forgot to mention it, but **every** time you ask one of us a question, that imp randomly chooses another imp who behaves differently and switches consciousness with it after answering the question. So, an imp who always lies won’t switch with another imp who always lies and instead choose an imp with a different behaviour, like for example one that always tells the truth. But as you already know, there is only one imp who always lies between us - my brother Bugia. Also, just to clarify: The switch happens instantly after the question was answered. Keep that in mind when you want to point out who Bugia is, since you’re always going to do that after the switch happened. And yes, you can win this game - without asking dozens of questions, too! Alright, lets begin! We’ll all shuffle our consciousness now - good luck!”
After thinking about it for a while, Edward grit his teeth. “This is impossible! The way the rules are laid out, it’s not possible to ever guess who Bugia is with 100% certainty!”, he mumbled.
Willy started to wiggle with his antennae again. “Oh… Oh! Master! I think I know! I figured it out! Those imps really are tricky! I can solve the riddle with at most two questi--”
“Shut up, Willy! You already caused enough problems - it’s your fault there are so many of them in the first place!”, Edward interrupted. “Uggh… Why does this kind of stuff always happen to me?”, Edward sighed.
“It’s probably bad karma!”, one imp answered - before Edward could feel another imp land ontop of his head. “Hey there!”
“THAT WAS A RHETORIC QUESTION!!”
---
**Edward’s Notes**
* There are now 7 Imps. One of them always tells the truth, one of them always lies and 5 of them give random answers (I'll refer to them as unreliable).
+ Each time I ask one of the unreliable imps a question, they'll decide between behaving like an imp who always tells the truth or an imp who always lies, randomly, and answer the question.
* I can ask any imp a yes or no question. If I ask an “illegal” question that can’t be answered with yes or no a new imp will spawn that gives random answers.
* There was no mention about a limit of how many times I’m allowed to ask yes or no questions.
* *Apparently*, they cannot tell each other apart. So they probably don’t know who’s a liar and who isn’t (except for themselves, obviously).
* After answering my question, the asked imp will instantly switch position with another random imp who has a different behaviour. Examples:
+ An imp who always lies, will switch with an imp who always tells the truth or an unreliable imp.
+ An imp who always tells the truth will switch with an imp who always lies or an unreliable imp.
+ A unreliable imp (who answers randomly) will switch with an imp who always lies or one who always tells the truth.
* They never clarified if an imp knows with who he’s going to switch. Since they said it’s random, the imps probably don’t know their future position themselves.
* The imps switch consciousness between bodies, so it’s impossible for me to know who switched with who just by looking at them.
* My goal is to identify Bugia, the imp who always lies.
+ Pointing out who Bugia is will always happen **after** the imps switched consciousness. This means I’ll have to make sure in some way, that I know who is going to switch in.
* At least two informations seem to contradict themselves… and how am I supposed to find Bugia if I can only guess **after** they switch consciousness? This makes no sense! Maybe I missunderstood something?
---
**What questions could Willy have in mind, to solve this seemingly impossible game with at most 2 questions? And would it still work, now that there are seven imps - one more than when Willy mentioned having a solution?**
---
Hint 1
>
> There seems to be a very subtle contradiction in Edward's notes. Maybe that's a good point to start?
>
>
>
Hint 2
>
> If the puzzle seems impossible to you as well, maybe you should analyze what the imps are saying a bit closer. It could be that they try to confuse you with "context".
>
>
>
Hint 3
>
> Trying to figure out what questions to ask the seven imps is the **last** step! You have some work ahead of you before doing that.
>
>
> | 2016/02/15 | [
"https://puzzling.stackexchange.com/questions/27463",
"https://puzzling.stackexchange.com",
"https://puzzling.stackexchange.com/users/14076/"
] | Contrary to my previous answer, I will assume that imps start switching consciousness right after the first question. This assumption is supported by the highlighted word **"every"** when Acredo explains the rules. Let's look at the answers given by the imps:
>
> **Answer 1:** *"**We’re imps**! You have summoned us - and we came to play a little game with you. I’m Acredo and that’s my brother Bugia. **Every sentence I say is the truth, while every sentence my brother says is a lie.** As soon as you want to start the game you just tell us, and we’ll switch positions at random. You can ask us as many yes or no questions as you want, to detect who of us is my always lying brother, Bugia. But I should warn you… you only get one chance to guess who of us it is before the game is over. Every time you ask one of us a question that can’t be answered with just yes or no, like you just did, another one of our brothers appears after the imp you asked finished answering your question. I will explain you the further rules once you accept to play our game"*
>
>
>
As the first sentence states the obvious this answer seems to be true. This means that Acredo and Bugia now switch places and **every sentence** of the next answer will be a lie.
>
> **Answer 2:** *"Because we’ll stick around until your last days if you lose or don’t play! And if you kill an imp, two more show up! By the way, **all of my brothers appearing because of your illegal questions(1) are completly unreliable**. Each time you ask them a question, they'll decide between behaving like an imp who always tells the truth or an imp who always lies, randomly, and then answer the question"*
>
>
>
We know every sentence of this answer is a lie. Which means that every imp appearing is actually **reliable**, telling always the truth or always lying. Together with the assumption that the imps switch after each question, the next imp must be a truth-teller.
>
> **Answer 3:** *"Oh, we are a big family. Well, at least compared to humanoid families. I have 257 brothers, currently. And at this rate, your master will be the host of quite a few of them! Hehehe… well, he already is by now."*
>
>
>
Nothing interesting in this answer, but continuing with our assumption, the next answer must be a lie.
>
> **Answer 4:** *"Oh, we don’t know who is who, actually!"*
>
>
>
As already said, this is a lie. Not as useful as it might look though, because of the next quote which explains the rules and must be true again.
>
> **The rules:** *"Very well! The rules are simple. As I mentioned, you have to find my always lying brother, Bugia, by asking us as many yes or no questions as you want. We’ll switch positions randomly before the game starts - but not physically. We can simply switch our consciousness between bodies at will, so you won’t be able to notice it. Oh, and I almost forgot to mention it, but **every time you ask one of us a question, that imp randomly chooses another imp who behaves differently** and switches consciousness with it after answering the question. **So, an imp who always lies won’t switch with another imp who always lies and instead choose an imp with a different behaviour, like for example one that always tells the truth.** But as you already know, **there is only one imp who always lies between us - my brother Bugia**. Also, just to clarify: The switch happens instantly after the question was answered. Keep that in mind when you want to point out who Bugia is, since you’re always going to do that after the switch happened. And yes, you can win this game - without asking dozens of questions, too! Alright, lets begin! We’ll all shuffle our consciousness now - good luck!"*
>
>
>
Much information here, and we know each sentence must be true. Lets look at the highlighted parts:
>
> every time you ask one of us a question, that imp randomly chooses another imp who behaves differently
>
>
>
This is our assumption from the beginning.
>
> So, an imp who always lies won’t switch with another imp who always lies and instead choose an imp with a different behaviour, like for example one that always tells the truth.
>
>
>
Here the truth-teller tries to avoid to say anything about unreliable brothers. Which is one more hint that they don't exist.
>
> there is only one imp who always lies between us - my brother Bugia
>
>
>
This means **all other imps tell the truth**. Having this information the solution is pretty simple (actually the same as in my previous answer):
* Choose any imp and ask him a question like *"Is 1 bigger than 2?"*.
* If he tells the truth, he has to switch consciousness with Bugia because he is the only liar, and then we know that Bugia is in the body of the imp who just answered.
* If he tells a lie we were asking Bugia, but he is gone now. Ask the same imp the same question, now he must tell the truth and switch with Bugia again. Then we know that Bugia is in the body of the imp who just answered. | **You don't need to ask any questions to "win" the game (one way or another).**
At the very start, there are only two imps (Acredo, the truth teller, and Bugia, the liar). One of them starts talking and states "*we're imps*", which based on Edwards reaction, we'll trust to be true, meaning the speaker must be Acredo (since *every* sentence he speaks is the truth).
From this point, we need to skip ahead to the explanation of the rules, specifically to the point where the imp says, "*every time you ask one of us a question, that imp randomly chooses another imp who behaves differently and switches consciousness with it after answering the question*".
If we assume this statement is true (by chance the imp speaking was Acredo, or a coincidentally truthful but unreliable imp), then the second imp to speak back at the start, has to have been Bugia (the liar), since he spoke only after the second question was asked, which has to have triggered this rule, and at that point there were no other imps to trade with. Therefore his statement that, "*if you kill an imp, two more show up!*" is a lie. So Edward can in fact win the game "the old fashioned way", as he puts it.
If we assume the rules statement is false (again by chance), then the claim that the imps can swap bodies is false. Which means Bugia, the liar, is still sitting in the same place he started - hanging onto Edward's left ear.
So to win, Edward should first identify the imp hanging onto his left ear as being Bugia, and if he's right, he wins. If he's wrong, then he should just kill them all. The end. |
43,144 | I am an Indian, and was wondering if I could get an FAA medical certificate and apply in an Indian based airline.
Is there a problem if I do that? Should I get the DGCA medical certificate itself? | 2017/08/23 | [
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/questions/43144",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com",
"https://aviation.stackexchange.com/users/25020/"
] | Well Air India is [hiring](http://www.airindia.in/writereaddata/Portal/career/476_1_Staff_Notification_Advertisement__for_Co-Pilot_72-600___April_17.PDF) qualified pilots here. The advertisement says you need a medical certificate issued by the DGCA. There is no mention of accepting an FAA certificate.
I'm not completely sure how it works in India but usually you need to get a medical certificate from the country in which the airline is based (or to be specific, the country in which the aircraft is registered). I'm not aware of any exceptions to this rule except for temporary operations, but I stand to be corrected. | According to my knowledge, To be employed by an Indian airliner you have to get a DGCA medical Certificate. |
2,442 | I am not sure if this is the right place to post at, but I tried to find the best place to do so.
To my point, I wonder if it is posssible, to determine where north is, **just by one shadow**, that means no Sun, no time, just a shadow in a picture or video...
Do you get my point? Like this picture, can I tell where north is?
Like this image:
 | 2014/05/14 | [
"https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/questions/2442",
"https://astronomy.stackexchange.com",
"https://astronomy.stackexchange.com/users/1671/"
] | With only one shadow in a picture, no, you can not.
In order to get North's position from a shadow you need to know where you are and which solar time and date is it there. These are two extra data and you can not disentangle them, even if the picture is perfect.
e.g. suppose a picture in which you see exact measurements of shadow and people, and they are both exactly of the same size. This means Sun is 45º above Horizon. But that may be local noon at Bourdeaux on March 20th (thus shadow pointing North), or local noon at Christchurch on same date (thus shadow pointing South), or local 3PM solar on Quito on March 20th again (thus shadow pointing East).
I chose March 20th because it is easier to visualize where the Sun would be (exactly over the Equator), and these cities due to their latitudes:
* Bourdeaux: 44º 50' N (almost 45ºN)
* Christchurch: 43º 31' S (almost 45ºS)
* Quito: 0º 13' N (almost on Equator) | With only the shadow in the picture, I do not think it would be possible. Consider a stick on the equator with a shadow. In the winter, at noon, since the sun would be "south" of the equator, it would point the opposite direction as in the summer (when the sun is "north" of the equator). If we assume it is summer, the calculations would show north is the opposite direction of if we assume it is winter.
However, the "fuzziness" of the shadow could possibly be used to establish a time (at least help determine the season) and aid in calculations. When we are closer to the sun, the shadow should be more fuzzy. The length of the shadow could be used to determine the time if the location were known. Still, I believe there are too many unknowns to determine the direction of North. |
215,959 | In the network tab in activity monitor there is a read out of data usage showing sent and received in GB. What this dosnt tell you is over what time period this is, is it from a day, a week and month ?
This is from OSX Yosemite.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/3zrtv.png) | 2015/11/16 | [
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/215959",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/users/33723/"
] | For the top two figures, since last boot; for the bottom two, current.
*After comments:* It may be since launch of Activity Monitor - I have mine launch at boot & it stays open all the time, so I probably didn't notice the potential discrepancy.
The little graph is 'since switching to that tab', as it doesn't log more than about 5 minutes of data.
This machine's been up 9 days, this looks about right for my standard usage -
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/UPxzL.png)
If I initiate a large download, the bottom figures become this [on a 150Mb/s line] -
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/QP1Gh.png)
The graph scale auto-zooms, so the earlier few KB/s vanishes into a flat line.
Once the file has finished downloading, the top figures show the increase of about 2GB & the bottom pair goes back to being relatively idle
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/pxwKF.png) | The Data received and Data sent includes all network traffic. So if your machine is connected to a wi-fi network, but not the internet, it will show data sent between machines/devices. Also, if your machine is connected by ethernet to another machine, that's also counted.
I figured this cos my machine (not connected to the internet) showed traffic of over 20GB, which tallies with the amount of data that I copied between this and another machine.
So, this figure is not a count of internet usage data.
As someone who occasionally has to use the iOS personal hotspot function, it's reassuring to know that this figure does not represent cellular data usage. For that, reset your iOS device's data counter. |
215,959 | In the network tab in activity monitor there is a read out of data usage showing sent and received in GB. What this dosnt tell you is over what time period this is, is it from a day, a week and month ?
This is from OSX Yosemite.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/3zrtv.png) | 2015/11/16 | [
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/215959",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/users/33723/"
] | For the top two figures, since last boot; for the bottom two, current.
*After comments:* It may be since launch of Activity Monitor - I have mine launch at boot & it stays open all the time, so I probably didn't notice the potential discrepancy.
The little graph is 'since switching to that tab', as it doesn't log more than about 5 minutes of data.
This machine's been up 9 days, this looks about right for my standard usage -
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/UPxzL.png)
If I initiate a large download, the bottom figures become this [on a 150Mb/s line] -
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/QP1Gh.png)
The graph scale auto-zooms, so the earlier few KB/s vanishes into a flat line.
Once the file has finished downloading, the top figures show the increase of about 2GB & the bottom pair goes back to being relatively idle
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/pxwKF.png) | The data received count is reset when you restart your computer |
215,959 | In the network tab in activity monitor there is a read out of data usage showing sent and received in GB. What this dosnt tell you is over what time period this is, is it from a day, a week and month ?
This is from OSX Yosemite.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/3zrtv.png) | 2015/11/16 | [
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/215959",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/users/33723/"
] | The Data received and Data sent includes all network traffic. So if your machine is connected to a wi-fi network, but not the internet, it will show data sent between machines/devices. Also, if your machine is connected by ethernet to another machine, that's also counted.
I figured this cos my machine (not connected to the internet) showed traffic of over 20GB, which tallies with the amount of data that I copied between this and another machine.
So, this figure is not a count of internet usage data.
As someone who occasionally has to use the iOS personal hotspot function, it's reassuring to know that this figure does not represent cellular data usage. For that, reset your iOS device's data counter. | The data received count is reset when you restart your computer |
19,052 | I have a dilema - before starting a shaman I did some reading on what to spec it as, and most articles said to go for Enhancement, since that's the best for leveling - I did just that.
Just the other day, I decided to go to my first instance (Deadmines), and I selected myself as healer (which may or may not have been the best thing to do?). As we were going through, I tried my best healing with the 1 healing spell I had. Half way through the instance, things started hitting significantly harder, and I couldn't heal fast enough, so the tank died, twice (2 hitter deaths) - next thing I know, I Was kicked from the group.
I guess my question is - what did I do wrong? I was literally chain casting that healing spell. Should I have gone for DPS instead of the healer? Should I respec to restoration? How will that affect my leveling? I was completely demoralised after being kicked - totally killing my want to play the game in general.
Any tips from other shamans on the spec? | 2011/03/27 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/19052",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/6833/"
] | You're right in that you should not have tried to heal as Enhancement. Not only are there equipment differences (I'm guessing you didn't have much INT or spell power gear?), but by not being Restoration, you miss out on a powerful heal spell (Earth Shield) and a 1 second cast-time reduction on your only other healing spell for that level - Healing Wave.
As soon as you hit level 30 (At least, I think it's 30...) you will unlock the ability to have a dual talent spec. This means you can have a restoration spec for healing instances, and an enhancement spec for soloing when you're not running dungeons.
Regarding being kicked from the instance group: it's rough being a new player, and sometimes other players forget that. Chin up, don't let it get to you, and I'd suggest finding a guild, or making some in-game friends that can help you learn. | Definitely. For shamans there are the three specs:
* Enhancement (Good for melee dps - storm strike and the like)
* Elemental (Good for caster dps - lightning bolt, shocks, and lava burst)
* Resto (Good for heals - chain heal, healing waves... etc)
Each spec benefits from different gear perks/attributes. It's been a while but the general rule is this:
* Melee dps roles will seek out either Strength or Agility (shamans prefer agility)
* Caster dps roles will seekout Int and stam/spirit
* Healers will seek out Int and Spirit
In this case, healing with a bunch of +agi gear is doing nothing for you. Shamans will run out of mana quick and not be able to keep up (especially towards end-game play).
If you want to heal, respec and get some healing gear - aka gear with +int and +spirit. You'll find your heals do more and you can cast more of them.
I'm not sure what level you are, but I know that dual speccing is MUCH cheaper these days so if you want to carry some extra gear around (to fit your new role), you could pick up your second spec.
For being a beginner though, I might find the spec that matches my play style and stick with that. Enhancement is up close and personal melee dps with the enemy while Elemental is sitting back from a distance and casting devastating spells.
Get comfortable with it in a group setting and then watch the other players as they perform their roles.
[Wowhead](http://www.wowhead.com) is a great resource for speccing your character. You can look up items and fiddle with your spec without having to spend gold.
Cheers and good luck mate! |
19,052 | I have a dilema - before starting a shaman I did some reading on what to spec it as, and most articles said to go for Enhancement, since that's the best for leveling - I did just that.
Just the other day, I decided to go to my first instance (Deadmines), and I selected myself as healer (which may or may not have been the best thing to do?). As we were going through, I tried my best healing with the 1 healing spell I had. Half way through the instance, things started hitting significantly harder, and I couldn't heal fast enough, so the tank died, twice (2 hitter deaths) - next thing I know, I Was kicked from the group.
I guess my question is - what did I do wrong? I was literally chain casting that healing spell. Should I have gone for DPS instead of the healer? Should I respec to restoration? How will that affect my leveling? I was completely demoralised after being kicked - totally killing my want to play the game in general.
Any tips from other shamans on the spec? | 2011/03/27 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/19052",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/6833/"
] | You're right in that you should not have tried to heal as Enhancement. Not only are there equipment differences (I'm guessing you didn't have much INT or spell power gear?), but by not being Restoration, you miss out on a powerful heal spell (Earth Shield) and a 1 second cast-time reduction on your only other healing spell for that level - Healing Wave.
As soon as you hit level 30 (At least, I think it's 30...) you will unlock the ability to have a dual talent spec. This means you can have a restoration spec for healing instances, and an enhancement spec for soloing when you're not running dungeons.
Regarding being kicked from the instance group: it's rough being a new player, and sometimes other players forget that. Chin up, don't let it get to you, and I'd suggest finding a guild, or making some in-game friends that can help you learn. | As a healer (or worse, a tank) you need to get used to being kicked, yelled at, told how to play your class, and in general annoyed. Develop a thick skin, or just stay DPS.
Healing and tanking are both thankless jobs, and no matter how good you are, your party can screw it up. I've been healing since 1.0, and it never changes. I did a heroic random yesterday with a tank who I don't know how they passed the gear requirement for the instance, and three mediocre dps, and we only made it through because I was raid geared, and I flasked myself after the first wipe. I shifted to bear on the last boss and finished the last 10% by myself, and I still got shit. (If someone has crappy gear, and gets one-shotted, that's your fault, because you're a crappy healer, right?)
But I digress.
Before you start healing seriously, you need a couple of things:
1. A good healer mod ([HealBot](http://wow.curse.com/downloads/wow-addons/details/heal-bot-continued.aspx) or similar).
2. A [healer spec](http://www.wowhead.com/talent#hhZbh0bZcGbMsdfoGo). Only priests have two valid heal trees. Everyone else needs to focus on Holy/Resto.
3. Healer gear. Int is almost always the go-to skill now. Don't be afraid to use cloth gear if you have to: if the tank is doing their job, you shouldn't have to worry about soaking damage (if they're not, you're pretty much screwed anyway).
Earth shield on the tank, water shield for mana regen (shouldn't need it with the mana tide totem, but never underestimate a parties ability to ruin your mana pool), and always heal yourself first, the tank second, and the dps last: if you or the tank go down, you're pretty much screwed either way unless you have a backup tank lying around.
I wouldn't worry too much about healing until you can get dual specced: leveling with a healer spec is extremely annoying. You'd basically have to do nothing but run instances, and that's a very slow way to level. That definitely makes instances like the Deadmines annoying, but what can you do? You could probably heal it as enhance, if you were 6+ levels over everyone else, but that's not much fun.
And early on, "gear" isn't a big concern...Don't think you need some kind of super special gear. Just don't sell/disenchant the caster quest gear you get, and you'll be fine. Throw it in a bag, and put it in your bank, and dig it out when you want to do the healer thing. Don't be the lowest level guy in the instance, and you'll be fine. If you're worried about your mana, drink at every opportunity. |
19,052 | I have a dilema - before starting a shaman I did some reading on what to spec it as, and most articles said to go for Enhancement, since that's the best for leveling - I did just that.
Just the other day, I decided to go to my first instance (Deadmines), and I selected myself as healer (which may or may not have been the best thing to do?). As we were going through, I tried my best healing with the 1 healing spell I had. Half way through the instance, things started hitting significantly harder, and I couldn't heal fast enough, so the tank died, twice (2 hitter deaths) - next thing I know, I Was kicked from the group.
I guess my question is - what did I do wrong? I was literally chain casting that healing spell. Should I have gone for DPS instead of the healer? Should I respec to restoration? How will that affect my leveling? I was completely demoralised after being kicked - totally killing my want to play the game in general.
Any tips from other shamans on the spec? | 2011/03/27 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/19052",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/6833/"
] | You're right in that you should not have tried to heal as Enhancement. Not only are there equipment differences (I'm guessing you didn't have much INT or spell power gear?), but by not being Restoration, you miss out on a powerful heal spell (Earth Shield) and a 1 second cast-time reduction on your only other healing spell for that level - Healing Wave.
As soon as you hit level 30 (At least, I think it's 30...) you will unlock the ability to have a dual talent spec. This means you can have a restoration spec for healing instances, and an enhancement spec for soloing when you're not running dungeons.
Regarding being kicked from the instance group: it's rough being a new player, and sometimes other players forget that. Chin up, don't let it get to you, and I'd suggest finding a guild, or making some in-game friends that can help you learn. | Your mistake was queuing as a healer. Enhancement is fairly versatile, but it is primarily a DPS spec. It is good for leveling or dungeons as long as you remember you are not really a healer or tank. At later levels the right talent mix can make you a decent healer in a pinch (maelstrom) but it will never be your primary focus while you are specced this way.
At best, you are a backup healer and rezzer for when the main healer bites it. There have even been a few times when my Enhancement shaman ended up tanking the last bit of a boss fight because we were not quite fast enough to land a heal on the warrior for whatever reason. It helps that I am always in guild groups with Vent so when things go wrong we can adjust on the fly. =) |
19,052 | I have a dilema - before starting a shaman I did some reading on what to spec it as, and most articles said to go for Enhancement, since that's the best for leveling - I did just that.
Just the other day, I decided to go to my first instance (Deadmines), and I selected myself as healer (which may or may not have been the best thing to do?). As we were going through, I tried my best healing with the 1 healing spell I had. Half way through the instance, things started hitting significantly harder, and I couldn't heal fast enough, so the tank died, twice (2 hitter deaths) - next thing I know, I Was kicked from the group.
I guess my question is - what did I do wrong? I was literally chain casting that healing spell. Should I have gone for DPS instead of the healer? Should I respec to restoration? How will that affect my leveling? I was completely demoralised after being kicked - totally killing my want to play the game in general.
Any tips from other shamans on the spec? | 2011/03/27 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/19052",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/6833/"
] | You're right in that you should not have tried to heal as Enhancement. Not only are there equipment differences (I'm guessing you didn't have much INT or spell power gear?), but by not being Restoration, you miss out on a powerful heal spell (Earth Shield) and a 1 second cast-time reduction on your only other healing spell for that level - Healing Wave.
As soon as you hit level 30 (At least, I think it's 30...) you will unlock the ability to have a dual talent spec. This means you can have a restoration spec for healing instances, and an enhancement spec for soloing when you're not running dungeons.
Regarding being kicked from the instance group: it's rough being a new player, and sometimes other players forget that. Chin up, don't let it get to you, and I'd suggest finding a guild, or making some in-game friends that can help you learn. | Actually, I'm going to disagree a bit with some of the "standard wisdom" above with regards to the importance of spec chosen to a role. Up to level 60, unless you're entering into a dungeon that's too high a level for you... spec isn't as important as gear and skills. For Shaman play, enhancement feels the best for solo questing and can provide solid dps in groups.
Now healing in your +agility gear may be asking too much, so just hold onto quest reward armor/weapons that have +intellect on them. Spells that you can use as a healer include:
* Healing Wave at 7
* Cleanse Spirit at 18
* Healing Stream Totem, Healing Surge and Water Shield at 20
heh... Looking at that, maybe waiting until level 20 to heal off-spec might be safest. But I have fond memories of dual-wielding weapons each with Earthliving Weapon (at level 54). But at levels when you can train enough of the skills, just having the gear and knowing what you can cast to help mitigate the damage can be enough. |
19,052 | I have a dilema - before starting a shaman I did some reading on what to spec it as, and most articles said to go for Enhancement, since that's the best for leveling - I did just that.
Just the other day, I decided to go to my first instance (Deadmines), and I selected myself as healer (which may or may not have been the best thing to do?). As we were going through, I tried my best healing with the 1 healing spell I had. Half way through the instance, things started hitting significantly harder, and I couldn't heal fast enough, so the tank died, twice (2 hitter deaths) - next thing I know, I Was kicked from the group.
I guess my question is - what did I do wrong? I was literally chain casting that healing spell. Should I have gone for DPS instead of the healer? Should I respec to restoration? How will that affect my leveling? I was completely demoralised after being kicked - totally killing my want to play the game in general.
Any tips from other shamans on the spec? | 2011/03/27 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/19052",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/6833/"
] | Definitely. For shamans there are the three specs:
* Enhancement (Good for melee dps - storm strike and the like)
* Elemental (Good for caster dps - lightning bolt, shocks, and lava burst)
* Resto (Good for heals - chain heal, healing waves... etc)
Each spec benefits from different gear perks/attributes. It's been a while but the general rule is this:
* Melee dps roles will seek out either Strength or Agility (shamans prefer agility)
* Caster dps roles will seekout Int and stam/spirit
* Healers will seek out Int and Spirit
In this case, healing with a bunch of +agi gear is doing nothing for you. Shamans will run out of mana quick and not be able to keep up (especially towards end-game play).
If you want to heal, respec and get some healing gear - aka gear with +int and +spirit. You'll find your heals do more and you can cast more of them.
I'm not sure what level you are, but I know that dual speccing is MUCH cheaper these days so if you want to carry some extra gear around (to fit your new role), you could pick up your second spec.
For being a beginner though, I might find the spec that matches my play style and stick with that. Enhancement is up close and personal melee dps with the enemy while Elemental is sitting back from a distance and casting devastating spells.
Get comfortable with it in a group setting and then watch the other players as they perform their roles.
[Wowhead](http://www.wowhead.com) is a great resource for speccing your character. You can look up items and fiddle with your spec without having to spend gold.
Cheers and good luck mate! | Your mistake was queuing as a healer. Enhancement is fairly versatile, but it is primarily a DPS spec. It is good for leveling or dungeons as long as you remember you are not really a healer or tank. At later levels the right talent mix can make you a decent healer in a pinch (maelstrom) but it will never be your primary focus while you are specced this way.
At best, you are a backup healer and rezzer for when the main healer bites it. There have even been a few times when my Enhancement shaman ended up tanking the last bit of a boss fight because we were not quite fast enough to land a heal on the warrior for whatever reason. It helps that I am always in guild groups with Vent so when things go wrong we can adjust on the fly. =) |
19,052 | I have a dilema - before starting a shaman I did some reading on what to spec it as, and most articles said to go for Enhancement, since that's the best for leveling - I did just that.
Just the other day, I decided to go to my first instance (Deadmines), and I selected myself as healer (which may or may not have been the best thing to do?). As we were going through, I tried my best healing with the 1 healing spell I had. Half way through the instance, things started hitting significantly harder, and I couldn't heal fast enough, so the tank died, twice (2 hitter deaths) - next thing I know, I Was kicked from the group.
I guess my question is - what did I do wrong? I was literally chain casting that healing spell. Should I have gone for DPS instead of the healer? Should I respec to restoration? How will that affect my leveling? I was completely demoralised after being kicked - totally killing my want to play the game in general.
Any tips from other shamans on the spec? | 2011/03/27 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/19052",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/6833/"
] | Definitely. For shamans there are the three specs:
* Enhancement (Good for melee dps - storm strike and the like)
* Elemental (Good for caster dps - lightning bolt, shocks, and lava burst)
* Resto (Good for heals - chain heal, healing waves... etc)
Each spec benefits from different gear perks/attributes. It's been a while but the general rule is this:
* Melee dps roles will seek out either Strength or Agility (shamans prefer agility)
* Caster dps roles will seekout Int and stam/spirit
* Healers will seek out Int and Spirit
In this case, healing with a bunch of +agi gear is doing nothing for you. Shamans will run out of mana quick and not be able to keep up (especially towards end-game play).
If you want to heal, respec and get some healing gear - aka gear with +int and +spirit. You'll find your heals do more and you can cast more of them.
I'm not sure what level you are, but I know that dual speccing is MUCH cheaper these days so if you want to carry some extra gear around (to fit your new role), you could pick up your second spec.
For being a beginner though, I might find the spec that matches my play style and stick with that. Enhancement is up close and personal melee dps with the enemy while Elemental is sitting back from a distance and casting devastating spells.
Get comfortable with it in a group setting and then watch the other players as they perform their roles.
[Wowhead](http://www.wowhead.com) is a great resource for speccing your character. You can look up items and fiddle with your spec without having to spend gold.
Cheers and good luck mate! | Actually, I'm going to disagree a bit with some of the "standard wisdom" above with regards to the importance of spec chosen to a role. Up to level 60, unless you're entering into a dungeon that's too high a level for you... spec isn't as important as gear and skills. For Shaman play, enhancement feels the best for solo questing and can provide solid dps in groups.
Now healing in your +agility gear may be asking too much, so just hold onto quest reward armor/weapons that have +intellect on them. Spells that you can use as a healer include:
* Healing Wave at 7
* Cleanse Spirit at 18
* Healing Stream Totem, Healing Surge and Water Shield at 20
heh... Looking at that, maybe waiting until level 20 to heal off-spec might be safest. But I have fond memories of dual-wielding weapons each with Earthliving Weapon (at level 54). But at levels when you can train enough of the skills, just having the gear and knowing what you can cast to help mitigate the damage can be enough. |
19,052 | I have a dilema - before starting a shaman I did some reading on what to spec it as, and most articles said to go for Enhancement, since that's the best for leveling - I did just that.
Just the other day, I decided to go to my first instance (Deadmines), and I selected myself as healer (which may or may not have been the best thing to do?). As we were going through, I tried my best healing with the 1 healing spell I had. Half way through the instance, things started hitting significantly harder, and I couldn't heal fast enough, so the tank died, twice (2 hitter deaths) - next thing I know, I Was kicked from the group.
I guess my question is - what did I do wrong? I was literally chain casting that healing spell. Should I have gone for DPS instead of the healer? Should I respec to restoration? How will that affect my leveling? I was completely demoralised after being kicked - totally killing my want to play the game in general.
Any tips from other shamans on the spec? | 2011/03/27 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/19052",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/6833/"
] | As a healer (or worse, a tank) you need to get used to being kicked, yelled at, told how to play your class, and in general annoyed. Develop a thick skin, or just stay DPS.
Healing and tanking are both thankless jobs, and no matter how good you are, your party can screw it up. I've been healing since 1.0, and it never changes. I did a heroic random yesterday with a tank who I don't know how they passed the gear requirement for the instance, and three mediocre dps, and we only made it through because I was raid geared, and I flasked myself after the first wipe. I shifted to bear on the last boss and finished the last 10% by myself, and I still got shit. (If someone has crappy gear, and gets one-shotted, that's your fault, because you're a crappy healer, right?)
But I digress.
Before you start healing seriously, you need a couple of things:
1. A good healer mod ([HealBot](http://wow.curse.com/downloads/wow-addons/details/heal-bot-continued.aspx) or similar).
2. A [healer spec](http://www.wowhead.com/talent#hhZbh0bZcGbMsdfoGo). Only priests have two valid heal trees. Everyone else needs to focus on Holy/Resto.
3. Healer gear. Int is almost always the go-to skill now. Don't be afraid to use cloth gear if you have to: if the tank is doing their job, you shouldn't have to worry about soaking damage (if they're not, you're pretty much screwed anyway).
Earth shield on the tank, water shield for mana regen (shouldn't need it with the mana tide totem, but never underestimate a parties ability to ruin your mana pool), and always heal yourself first, the tank second, and the dps last: if you or the tank go down, you're pretty much screwed either way unless you have a backup tank lying around.
I wouldn't worry too much about healing until you can get dual specced: leveling with a healer spec is extremely annoying. You'd basically have to do nothing but run instances, and that's a very slow way to level. That definitely makes instances like the Deadmines annoying, but what can you do? You could probably heal it as enhance, if you were 6+ levels over everyone else, but that's not much fun.
And early on, "gear" isn't a big concern...Don't think you need some kind of super special gear. Just don't sell/disenchant the caster quest gear you get, and you'll be fine. Throw it in a bag, and put it in your bank, and dig it out when you want to do the healer thing. Don't be the lowest level guy in the instance, and you'll be fine. If you're worried about your mana, drink at every opportunity. | Your mistake was queuing as a healer. Enhancement is fairly versatile, but it is primarily a DPS spec. It is good for leveling or dungeons as long as you remember you are not really a healer or tank. At later levels the right talent mix can make you a decent healer in a pinch (maelstrom) but it will never be your primary focus while you are specced this way.
At best, you are a backup healer and rezzer for when the main healer bites it. There have even been a few times when my Enhancement shaman ended up tanking the last bit of a boss fight because we were not quite fast enough to land a heal on the warrior for whatever reason. It helps that I am always in guild groups with Vent so when things go wrong we can adjust on the fly. =) |
19,052 | I have a dilema - before starting a shaman I did some reading on what to spec it as, and most articles said to go for Enhancement, since that's the best for leveling - I did just that.
Just the other day, I decided to go to my first instance (Deadmines), and I selected myself as healer (which may or may not have been the best thing to do?). As we were going through, I tried my best healing with the 1 healing spell I had. Half way through the instance, things started hitting significantly harder, and I couldn't heal fast enough, so the tank died, twice (2 hitter deaths) - next thing I know, I Was kicked from the group.
I guess my question is - what did I do wrong? I was literally chain casting that healing spell. Should I have gone for DPS instead of the healer? Should I respec to restoration? How will that affect my leveling? I was completely demoralised after being kicked - totally killing my want to play the game in general.
Any tips from other shamans on the spec? | 2011/03/27 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/19052",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/6833/"
] | As a healer (or worse, a tank) you need to get used to being kicked, yelled at, told how to play your class, and in general annoyed. Develop a thick skin, or just stay DPS.
Healing and tanking are both thankless jobs, and no matter how good you are, your party can screw it up. I've been healing since 1.0, and it never changes. I did a heroic random yesterday with a tank who I don't know how they passed the gear requirement for the instance, and three mediocre dps, and we only made it through because I was raid geared, and I flasked myself after the first wipe. I shifted to bear on the last boss and finished the last 10% by myself, and I still got shit. (If someone has crappy gear, and gets one-shotted, that's your fault, because you're a crappy healer, right?)
But I digress.
Before you start healing seriously, you need a couple of things:
1. A good healer mod ([HealBot](http://wow.curse.com/downloads/wow-addons/details/heal-bot-continued.aspx) or similar).
2. A [healer spec](http://www.wowhead.com/talent#hhZbh0bZcGbMsdfoGo). Only priests have two valid heal trees. Everyone else needs to focus on Holy/Resto.
3. Healer gear. Int is almost always the go-to skill now. Don't be afraid to use cloth gear if you have to: if the tank is doing their job, you shouldn't have to worry about soaking damage (if they're not, you're pretty much screwed anyway).
Earth shield on the tank, water shield for mana regen (shouldn't need it with the mana tide totem, but never underestimate a parties ability to ruin your mana pool), and always heal yourself first, the tank second, and the dps last: if you or the tank go down, you're pretty much screwed either way unless you have a backup tank lying around.
I wouldn't worry too much about healing until you can get dual specced: leveling with a healer spec is extremely annoying. You'd basically have to do nothing but run instances, and that's a very slow way to level. That definitely makes instances like the Deadmines annoying, but what can you do? You could probably heal it as enhance, if you were 6+ levels over everyone else, but that's not much fun.
And early on, "gear" isn't a big concern...Don't think you need some kind of super special gear. Just don't sell/disenchant the caster quest gear you get, and you'll be fine. Throw it in a bag, and put it in your bank, and dig it out when you want to do the healer thing. Don't be the lowest level guy in the instance, and you'll be fine. If you're worried about your mana, drink at every opportunity. | Actually, I'm going to disagree a bit with some of the "standard wisdom" above with regards to the importance of spec chosen to a role. Up to level 60, unless you're entering into a dungeon that's too high a level for you... spec isn't as important as gear and skills. For Shaman play, enhancement feels the best for solo questing and can provide solid dps in groups.
Now healing in your +agility gear may be asking too much, so just hold onto quest reward armor/weapons that have +intellect on them. Spells that you can use as a healer include:
* Healing Wave at 7
* Cleanse Spirit at 18
* Healing Stream Totem, Healing Surge and Water Shield at 20
heh... Looking at that, maybe waiting until level 20 to heal off-spec might be safest. But I have fond memories of dual-wielding weapons each with Earthliving Weapon (at level 54). But at levels when you can train enough of the skills, just having the gear and knowing what you can cast to help mitigate the damage can be enough. |
19,052 | I have a dilema - before starting a shaman I did some reading on what to spec it as, and most articles said to go for Enhancement, since that's the best for leveling - I did just that.
Just the other day, I decided to go to my first instance (Deadmines), and I selected myself as healer (which may or may not have been the best thing to do?). As we were going through, I tried my best healing with the 1 healing spell I had. Half way through the instance, things started hitting significantly harder, and I couldn't heal fast enough, so the tank died, twice (2 hitter deaths) - next thing I know, I Was kicked from the group.
I guess my question is - what did I do wrong? I was literally chain casting that healing spell. Should I have gone for DPS instead of the healer? Should I respec to restoration? How will that affect my leveling? I was completely demoralised after being kicked - totally killing my want to play the game in general.
Any tips from other shamans on the spec? | 2011/03/27 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/19052",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/6833/"
] | Actually, I'm going to disagree a bit with some of the "standard wisdom" above with regards to the importance of spec chosen to a role. Up to level 60, unless you're entering into a dungeon that's too high a level for you... spec isn't as important as gear and skills. For Shaman play, enhancement feels the best for solo questing and can provide solid dps in groups.
Now healing in your +agility gear may be asking too much, so just hold onto quest reward armor/weapons that have +intellect on them. Spells that you can use as a healer include:
* Healing Wave at 7
* Cleanse Spirit at 18
* Healing Stream Totem, Healing Surge and Water Shield at 20
heh... Looking at that, maybe waiting until level 20 to heal off-spec might be safest. But I have fond memories of dual-wielding weapons each with Earthliving Weapon (at level 54). But at levels when you can train enough of the skills, just having the gear and knowing what you can cast to help mitigate the damage can be enough. | Your mistake was queuing as a healer. Enhancement is fairly versatile, but it is primarily a DPS spec. It is good for leveling or dungeons as long as you remember you are not really a healer or tank. At later levels the right talent mix can make you a decent healer in a pinch (maelstrom) but it will never be your primary focus while you are specced this way.
At best, you are a backup healer and rezzer for when the main healer bites it. There have even been a few times when my Enhancement shaman ended up tanking the last bit of a boss fight because we were not quite fast enough to land a heal on the warrior for whatever reason. It helps that I am always in guild groups with Vent so when things go wrong we can adjust on the fly. =) |
85,676 | Please keep in mind "TNG: The Pegasus."
It would appear that this would be a superior cloaking device as a ship could pass through objects. | 2015/04/06 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/85676",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/40599/"
] | **The Voth** in VOY: Distant Origin. They walk around Voyager using their interphasing cloak, taking note of our matriarchal heirarchy and courtship rituals.
>
> GEGEN: Interphase is stable.
>
>
> VEER: Curious. I didn't expect the smell.
>
>
> GEGEN: Well, they are mammals, after all.
>
>
>
Also, **the Romulans** built a prototype like Pegasus in TNG "The Next Phase". Admittedly it is just a prototype and not "in use."
>
> LAFORGE: I've never seen anything like this. There's something in here
> that looks like a molecular phase inverter.
>
>
> RO: What's that?
>
>
> LAFORGE: It's supposed to change the structure of matter so it can
> pass through normal matter and energy. Hang on a second. A few years
> back, we got intelligence reports that the Klingons were working on
> trying to combine a phase inverter and a cloaking device. In theory,
> they believed that a phased ship could hide anywhere, even inside a
> planet, and that conventional weapons would be useless against it.
>
>
> RO: How far did they get in their research?
>
>
> LAFORGE: It never got out of the preliminary stages. There were
> several accidents. The Romulans might be pursuing the same technology,
> trying to combine an inverter and a cloaking device. And if this is
> the prototype
>
>
> RO: Then that would explain the explosion and the chroniton fields.
>
>
> LAFORGE: And us.
>
>
> RO: You mean we're cloaked?
>
>
> LAFORGE: Not just cloaked, phased.
>
>
>
Also, do subspace cloaks count? From VOY: "The Think Tank," **Costanza**'s vessel was cloaked in subspace and did not seem to use a static warp bubble so maybe phasing is involved? Also **Dominion** Houdini mines from DS9: "The Siege of AR-558."
Also there is another example of temporal phase shifting (like the Devidia) in **the Krenim**'s chronoton torpedos. Though this was not for cloaking so much as for passing through normal shields. | In "TNG: Time's Arrow", the aliens on Devidia apears to be using some kind of phasing technology to render themselves invisible and untouchable.
>
> **GEORDI:** *Whatever or whoever's there... is out of phase with us... But we're only talking about a fraction of a second...*
>
> **WORF:** *A fraction of a second would make them invisible?*
>
> **GEORDI:** *A millisecond, a year... it wouldn't make any difference... If what we're reading is accurate, we're occupying the same space... but in a different time...*
>
>
> |
59,800,240 | I'd like to access cluster deployed Helm charts programmatically to make web interface which will allow manual chart manipulation.
I found [pyhelm](https://pypi.org/project/pyhelm) but it supports only Helm 2. I looked on npm, but nothing there. I wrote a bash script but if I try to use it's output I get just a string really so it's not really useful. | 2020/01/18 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/59800240",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1333744/"
] | >
> I'd like to access cluster deployed Helm charts programmatically to make web interface which will allow manual chart manipulation.
>
>
>
[Helm 3 is different](https://helm.sh/blog/helm-3-released/) than previous versions in that it is a **client only** tool, similar to e.g. [Kustomize](https://kubernetes.io/docs/tasks/manage-kubernetes-objects/kustomization/). This means that *helm charts* only exists on the client (and in chart repositories) but is then *transformed* to a *kubernetes manifest* during deployment. So only *Kubernetes objects* exists in the cluster.
[Kubernetes API](https://kubernetes.io/docs/reference/generated/kubernetes-api/v1.17/#deployment-v1-apps) is a REST API so you can access and get Kubernetes objects using a http client. Kubernetes object manifests is available in JSON and Yaml formats. | reached this as we also need an npm package to deploy helm3 charts programmatically (sorta whitelabel app with a gui to manage the instances).
Only thing I could find was an old discontinued package from microsoft for helm v2 <https://github.com/microsoft/helm-web-api/tree/master/on-demand-micro-services-deployment-k8s>
I dont think using k8s API would work, as some charts can get fairly complex in terms of k8s resources, so I got some inspiration and I think I will develop my own package as a wrapper to the helm cli commands, using `-o json` param for easier handling of the CLI output |
59,800,240 | I'd like to access cluster deployed Helm charts programmatically to make web interface which will allow manual chart manipulation.
I found [pyhelm](https://pypi.org/project/pyhelm) but it supports only Helm 2. I looked on npm, but nothing there. I wrote a bash script but if I try to use it's output I get just a string really so it's not really useful. | 2020/01/18 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/59800240",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1333744/"
] | If you are OK to use Go then you can use the [Helm 3 Go API](https://pkg.go.dev/helm.sh/helm/v3).
If you want to use Python, I guess you'll have to wait for the Helm v3 support of [pyhelm](https://pypi.org/project/pyhelm), there is already [an issue](https://github.com/flaper87/pyhelm/issues/84) addressing this. | reached this as we also need an npm package to deploy helm3 charts programmatically (sorta whitelabel app with a gui to manage the instances).
Only thing I could find was an old discontinued package from microsoft for helm v2 <https://github.com/microsoft/helm-web-api/tree/master/on-demand-micro-services-deployment-k8s>
I dont think using k8s API would work, as some charts can get fairly complex in terms of k8s resources, so I got some inspiration and I think I will develop my own package as a wrapper to the helm cli commands, using `-o json` param for easier handling of the CLI output |
1,751,366 | In Windows 10, this is how my search looks:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/OnGmT.png)
How to remove the "Trending searches"? It is annoying.
I'm using 22H2 version of Windows 10. | 2022/11/06 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/1751366",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/1418673/"
] | I have found no way to turn off the trending search that shows in the search box. Turning off "Show search highlights" does *not* remove it on my computer. I have toggled it several times rebooted in between and trending searches is always there. | AFAICT there is no way to disable it within the options. I've been trying to remove it myself, I find it extremely annoying/distracting |
1,751,366 | In Windows 10, this is how my search looks:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/OnGmT.png)
How to remove the "Trending searches"? It is annoying.
I'm using 22H2 version of Windows 10. | 2022/11/06 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/1751366",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/1418673/"
] | none of these answers worked for me but this one: <https://winaero.com/disable-web-search-in-windows-10-taskbar/>
1. open **registry editor** (*type regedit on the search box then hit enter*)
2. navigate to **HKEY\_CURRENT\_USER\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows**
3. create **"Explorer"** under "Windows" (*right click "Windows" -> new -> Key*)
4. create DWORD value under "Explorer" called **"DisableSearchBoxSuggestions"** (*right click "Explorer" -> new -> **DWORD (32 bit) Value***)
5. assign value of **1** to this newly created value (*double click "DisableSearchBoxSuggestions" then type 1 in the "value data:" box. make sure **Hexadecimal** is selected and click "OK"*)
restart the PC and now annoying trending search section is gone! | AFAICT there is no way to disable it within the options. I've been trying to remove it myself, I find it extremely annoying/distracting |
1,751,366 | In Windows 10, this is how my search looks:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/OnGmT.png)
How to remove the "Trending searches"? It is annoying.
I'm using 22H2 version of Windows 10. | 2022/11/06 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/1751366",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/1418673/"
] | none of these answers worked for me but this one: <https://winaero.com/disable-web-search-in-windows-10-taskbar/>
1. open **registry editor** (*type regedit on the search box then hit enter*)
2. navigate to **HKEY\_CURRENT\_USER\SOFTWARE\Policies\Microsoft\Windows**
3. create **"Explorer"** under "Windows" (*right click "Windows" -> new -> Key*)
4. create DWORD value under "Explorer" called **"DisableSearchBoxSuggestions"** (*right click "Explorer" -> new -> **DWORD (32 bit) Value***)
5. assign value of **1** to this newly created value (*double click "DisableSearchBoxSuggestions" then type 1 in the "value data:" box. make sure **Hexadecimal** is selected and click "OK"*)
restart the PC and now annoying trending search section is gone! | I have found no way to turn off the trending search that shows in the search box. Turning off "Show search highlights" does *not* remove it on my computer. I have toggled it several times rebooted in between and trending searches is always there. |
341,527 | I have bought a network cable tester and in the manual it said that all lights from 1-8-G should light up in sequence. However I get only 8 without G, although the cable is in working condition.
Here is a picture of the manual:
**[Here is a video](http://www.youtube.com/watch_popup?v=9vihK_3qoM0&hd=1)**
The product's model is NS-468. If you have the same product, can you tell me what is wrong and what G is intended for? | 2011/09/30 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/341527",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/73190/"
] | There is nothing wrong with your tester.
There are 8 strands in an unshielded network cable which is what you tested in your video.
A shielded cable also has a grounded metal sheath surrounding the 8 strands. The G on your tester refers to this.
I have a similar tester but in mine the shield is referred to as "Shield". | In my CHL-468 tester, the G position is not populated by an LED. I actually soldered in an LED and got it to work. |
71,262 | For a project I am working on we need to know the week number which is displayed via a date form field widget in the admin section.
On the front end we also show the week number but we are using a jQuery UI datepicker, however these two datepickers are showing different week numbers. This week starting 15/6/2015 is shown as week 25 in jQuery UI and is week 24 in Magento admin date picker.
After some investigation I have found jQuery is using ISO 8601 week date standards to determine the first week of the year.
I am still not sure what format Magento is using but it seems to have some errors displaying at years end/start when I look ahead years.
I am hoping for some setting or fix that I can implement to bring Magento date picker in line with jQuery UI and ISO 8601, I could do the reverse but prefer to follow ISO 8601 standards. | 2015/06/17 | [
"https://magento.stackexchange.com/questions/71262",
"https://magento.stackexchange.com",
"https://magento.stackexchange.com/users/12560/"
] | What i did was adding {{var non\_inline\_styles}} on template content and then i added all my styles on the template styles.[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/FZk0d.png) | <https://devdocs.magento.com/guides/v2.3/frontend-dev-guide/templates/template-email.html>
refer this for both non-inline and inline CSS for mobile templates. |
4 | Should users say thanks either in the comments or in the question itself? | 2010/11/11 | [
"https://security.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/4",
"https://security.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://security.meta.stackexchange.com/users/26/"
] | I doubt it brings anything to the discussion, it only creates noise. Site will take longer to load if everyone will say thanks (yeah, not that much, but...), so I think it is not necessary. | I agree with @Pawel, though if you are responding anyway it doesnt hurt to throw in another word of appreciation.
Also, if someone took the time to write a long, comprehensive, or thoughtful answer, I think you could show your appreciation by discussing the content. Or, upvoting always works too :) |
4 | Should users say thanks either in the comments or in the question itself? | 2010/11/11 | [
"https://security.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/4",
"https://security.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://security.meta.stackexchange.com/users/26/"
] | I doubt it brings anything to the discussion, it only creates noise. Site will take longer to load if everyone will say thanks (yeah, not that much, but...), so I think it is not necessary. | @Bubby4j - Thanks for the question. I'm sure users new to the SE environment will be interested in this issue.
Appreciation is always nice to receive, as well as polite and friendly to give. However, as this is a Q&A site with other means in place of showing (albeit anonymously) your gratitude, it is not something that should solely comprise the content of a post - whether it be a question, answer, or comment.
While comments may not greatly affect the loading weight of a page, they do have a measurable impact on the vertical real estate that is taken up by the question or answer post to which they are attached. Over-commenting, even by only one or two, can quickly make a question or answer look very bloated and the entire thread just becomes cumbersome and unpleasant to scroll through.
If you're making a post that actually furthers the discussion in some way, by all means do include an expression of your thanks in that post as long as you have enough characters left in your limit (if applicable) to do so.
Otherwise, please don't make a post for the sole purpose of saying "thanks". That's what up-votes and answer acceptance are for. People do notice the bumps in their rep, and the numbers next to their posts, so your appreciation (while it may not be attributed) will assuredly not go unnoticed.
Thanks. |
4 | Should users say thanks either in the comments or in the question itself? | 2010/11/11 | [
"https://security.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/4",
"https://security.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://security.meta.stackexchange.com/users/26/"
] | I agree with @Pawel, though if you are responding anyway it doesnt hurt to throw in another word of appreciation.
Also, if someone took the time to write a long, comprehensive, or thoughtful answer, I think you could show your appreciation by discussing the content. Or, upvoting always works too :) | @Bubby4j - Thanks for the question. I'm sure users new to the SE environment will be interested in this issue.
Appreciation is always nice to receive, as well as polite and friendly to give. However, as this is a Q&A site with other means in place of showing (albeit anonymously) your gratitude, it is not something that should solely comprise the content of a post - whether it be a question, answer, or comment.
While comments may not greatly affect the loading weight of a page, they do have a measurable impact on the vertical real estate that is taken up by the question or answer post to which they are attached. Over-commenting, even by only one or two, can quickly make a question or answer look very bloated and the entire thread just becomes cumbersome and unpleasant to scroll through.
If you're making a post that actually furthers the discussion in some way, by all means do include an expression of your thanks in that post as long as you have enough characters left in your limit (if applicable) to do so.
Otherwise, please don't make a post for the sole purpose of saying "thanks". That's what up-votes and answer acceptance are for. People do notice the bumps in their rep, and the numbers next to their posts, so your appreciation (while it may not be attributed) will assuredly not go unnoticed.
Thanks. |
13,646,261 | I search how find my problem.
In my application for iPad when i treat data i have an increase memory and never release that memory, i try instruments leaks memory but that not find memory leaks (i try with profile and analyze).
So my question is they have an other instrument for find memory leaks or other methods?
Thanks in advance for your consideration.
P.S : I don't post code cause that concerned a big part of my code but the part where memory increase is a part where i download from a FTP some zip files (based on SimpleFTPSample from Apple Doc) i unzip this files (with framework minizip) this zip files contains some images and XML files i parse this XML files (around 7200 XML files and 35 000 images files saved) i saved some information (issue of parsing) in data base and that its. If you need part of my code for help me ask me. | 2012/11/30 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/13646261",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1770436/"
] | Make sure if you have Zombies turned off in Scheme:Diagnostics. With Zombies on no memory is ever deleted. Testing for memory leakage should always be done with Zombies off. | This usually happens when you keep the objects in a datastructure (NSDictionary, NSArray, eg), even after you don't need them anymore. Check with Instruments' Allocations which objects are accumulated, and check in your code where you keep instances of those objects.
Another cause could be long-running threads.
If the loading and parsing you mentioned are done in a single thread that takes a long time, then you may need to do [@autoreleasepool](https://developer.apple.com/library/mac/#documentation/Cocoa/Conceptual/MemoryMgmt/Articles/mmAutoreleasePools.html) in a loop somewhere to force temporary objects to be cleaned up regularly.
It might also be no problem at all. You say you load a lot of images. Images are by default cached by iOS, and only released when necessary to clean up memory. If Instruments "Trace Highlights" shows a lot of memory usage, but "Allocations" doesn't, then this is likely the cause. |
44,382,036 | i am using power bi report in my project but i need my graph be change according to SQL server data. it means when we will insert new data in SQL server it effect my graph. | 2017/06/06 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/44382036",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/8114511/"
] | You can use the on-premises Gateway to refresh data in a published Power BI data set with on-premise data like SQL Server data. Take a look at <https://powerbi.microsoft.com/en-us/gateway/>
The gateway is free, there is a personal and an enterprise flavor and it should run on a machine that is always on, so you can schedule data refresh to occur automatically. | Microsoft has already given the [Documentation](https://powerbi.microsoft.com/en-us/documentation/powerbi-sql-server-analysis-services-tabular-data/) regarding it.
>
> **SQL Server Analysis Services live data in Power BI**
>
>
> In Power BI, there are two ways you can connect to a live SQL Server
> Analysis Services server. In Get data, you can connect to a SQL Server
> Analysis Services server, or you can connect to a [Power BI Desktop
> file](https://powerbi.microsoft.com/en-us/documentation/powerbi-service-powerbi-desktop-files/), or [Excel workbook](https://powerbi.microsoft.com/en-us/documentation/powerbi-service-excel-workbook-files/), that already connects to an Analysis
> Services server.
>
>
> **Important :**
>
>
> * In order to connect to a live Analysis Services server, an On-premises Data Gateway must be installed and configured by an
> administrator. For more information, see [On-premises Data
> Gateway](https://powerbi.microsoft.com/en-us/documentation/powerbi-gateway-onprem/).
> * When you use the gateway, your data remains on-premises. The reports you create based on that data are saved in the Power BI
> service.
> * [Q&A natural language querying](https://powerbi.microsoft.com/en-us/documentation/powerbi-service-q-and-a-direct-query/) is in preview for Analysis Services live connections.
>
>
> To connect to a model from Get data
> -----------------------------------
>
>
> 1. In **My Workspace**, select **Get data**. You can also change to a group workspace, if one is available.
>
>
> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/VFwJt.png)
>
>
> 2. Select Databases & More.
>
>
> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/6BfFt.png)
>
>
> 3. Select **SQL Server Analysis Services** > **Connect**.
>
>
> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/3EU9L.png)
>
>
> 4. Select a server. If you don't see any servers listed here, it means either a gateway, and data source, are not configured, or your account
> is not listed in the **Users** tab of the data source, in the gateway.
> Check with your adminsitrator.
> 5. Select the model you want to connect to. This could be either Tabular or Multidimensional.
>
>
> After you connect to the model, it will appear in your Power BI site
> in **My Workspace/Datasets**. If you were swtiched to a group
> workspace, then the dataset will appear within the group.
>
>
> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/nVRR4.png)
>
>
> |
30,905 | Whenever I design a website, I think it's useful to not only show screen captures but also coding abilities.
Unfortunately, most of the time, clients end up editing websites themselves and if they're not paying me for maintenance, the site will lose some of its appeal which doesn't make me too fond of inserting URLs in my portfolio.
1. Are there any best practices to showcase web design/UI (that is actually working and not a simple screen capture)?
2. Do you keep an offline copy to show clients?
3. How do you link it to your existing website (Behance or other)? | 2014/05/08 | [
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/questions/30905",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/users/18168/"
] | Well there are several things you can do but I think personally a site is best viewed at its desired state, which is a site. If you own your own domain with hosting I really don't see why you couldn't sub-domain your sites (such as clientproject.emilie.com) if you are worried that the finished project to the client will be altered. Just add a basic screenshot like some do based on desktop, tablet, and mobile then provide a live link to the sub-domain.
Some other options since there are tons of different types of mobile sites is if you have an old phone and are a regular phone-geek (one that buys the latest every time) load a few sites on the phone as a demo and hand it to a possible client. Same rule could apply for a tablet.
If you can't subdomain, just take a laptop and make sure your laptop has something like [XAMPP](https://www.apachefriends.org/index.html) (everything), [MAMP](http://www.mamp.info/en/) (mac), or [WAMP](http://www.wampserver.com/en/) (Windows) to run the site of you dont know how to install Apache, PHP, SQL, etc.
Also, dont be afraid to provide details. If you designed the site then tell them, I designed the site but I had someone else code it. That option works well if you are worried about using the live site but only have the screenshot. | Clients modifying your work isn't the only way it can disappear, sometimes the organization goes away all together or maybe you've done multiple designs for the same site.
In the past, I just linked to the archived version that was nothing more than a recreation of the front page with all of the links disabled. I don't feel that gives a very good user experience, though. Loading it in an iframe would allow you to give a little bit of context as to what the design was for.
The above design (which is still a work in progress) is running on a web server inside a virtual machine on my desktop machine. If I needed to present it to a client, I could certainly transfer it to my laptop. This might not be the best option for most folks, but it works well enough for a designer/developer like myself.
Unless you're also using it to show off your copywriting abilities, it may be worth replacing the copy used in the design with placeholder text (eg. lipsum). |
30,905 | Whenever I design a website, I think it's useful to not only show screen captures but also coding abilities.
Unfortunately, most of the time, clients end up editing websites themselves and if they're not paying me for maintenance, the site will lose some of its appeal which doesn't make me too fond of inserting URLs in my portfolio.
1. Are there any best practices to showcase web design/UI (that is actually working and not a simple screen capture)?
2. Do you keep an offline copy to show clients?
3. How do you link it to your existing website (Behance or other)? | 2014/05/08 | [
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/questions/30905",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/users/18168/"
] | Well there are several things you can do but I think personally a site is best viewed at its desired state, which is a site. If you own your own domain with hosting I really don't see why you couldn't sub-domain your sites (such as clientproject.emilie.com) if you are worried that the finished project to the client will be altered. Just add a basic screenshot like some do based on desktop, tablet, and mobile then provide a live link to the sub-domain.
Some other options since there are tons of different types of mobile sites is if you have an old phone and are a regular phone-geek (one that buys the latest every time) load a few sites on the phone as a demo and hand it to a possible client. Same rule could apply for a tablet.
If you can't subdomain, just take a laptop and make sure your laptop has something like [XAMPP](https://www.apachefriends.org/index.html) (everything), [MAMP](http://www.mamp.info/en/) (mac), or [WAMP](http://www.wampserver.com/en/) (Windows) to run the site of you dont know how to install Apache, PHP, SQL, etc.
Also, dont be afraid to provide details. If you designed the site then tell them, I designed the site but I had someone else code it. That option works well if you are worried about using the live site but only have the screenshot. | 1. Best practices - I don't know, but maybe you could look at the Wayback Machine. More about that below.
2. Offline copies - Not really, though sometimes I like to use Safari's command File > Save As... Save as type: Web Archives. I once gave such a file to someone and they complained they couldn't open it, though I don't know how hard they tried. Maybe it is a Safari thing.
3. Link from existing web - I haven't tried this, but the Wayback Machine links should work fine.
The Wayback Machine is at <http://archive.org/web/>. I have used it on web pages I created, though I am not a proper web developer.
There are some web development technologies that break parts of an archived site when retrieved. I often see broken images in the archived sites.
I believe there is a way to ask it to archive something 'now' or as soon as possible, though I haven't tried that out. I don't know how long it waits between checking pages if left to its own devices.
This is fun: <http://web.archive.org/web/19961219202222/http://www.apple.com/> |
450,870 | I want to drive something like these ac synchronous motors:
Small Mige:
<https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/Small-Mige-130-series-1KW-best_60394196285.html?spm=a2700.7724838.2017115.13.6f2a2896JUGbXc>
or Kollmorgen: (let's say 52k, doesn't mattter ultimately)
<https://www.kollmorgen.com/en-us/products/motors/servo/akm-series/akm-series-ac-synchronous-motors/ac-synchronous-servo-motors/#tab2>
So is driving these possible with VESC? I downloaded vesc software and there is a FOC mode which uses sine waves. But this is still a BLDC drive, not BLAC (PMSM)?
Oh yea since i'm confused about driving BLDC and PMSM. Can you drive PMSM with trapezodial (theoretical square wave)? BLDC can be driven with ac so I'm curious, and there are no straight answers on the internet.
Edit:
My plan is to use vesc torque control. The motor would not spin above, let's say 500 RPM. The torque is the most important to me.
Position feedback would be done with incremental encoder.
I will feed the data to vesc using another microcontroller. Haven't decided how to do it yet. | 2019/07/30 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/450870",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/227717/"
] | PMSM and BLDC are almost identical, except the one outputs sine wave back EMF while the other trapezoidal back EMF, respectively.
VESC is a more broad abbrevation for a moto speed control. A BLDC usally uses six-step commutation technique with the use of hall feedback sensors, or it can be sensorless with the help of back EMF sensing. At each time only two coils are energized, the third one is floating and used as antenna for BEMF sensing.
The FOC is used for control of PMSM, the injected current is sinewave, At the same time all three phases are energized. However with few tricks it is still possible to measure the BEMF if needed. A FOC needs at least sensing of two phases currents and absolute position of the rotor, last one can be estimated by use of some sensorless methods: BEMF sensing, PLL observer, Cordic, high frequency injection.
The FOC and PMSM is suitable for control speed, position and torque from zero speed up to max speed. While BLDC and VESC is usually limited to speed control which can be unstable at low speed if not using hall feedback, the same is also for the FOC - a sensorless control without an encoder feedback is not reliable at low speeds.
P.S. : the Kollmorgen motor from link is a PMSM with sinewave BEMF suitable for FOC. Some manufacturers use the incremental encoder, thus the absolute rotor position is unknown. For this purpose, the rotor initial position is estimated during startup an then counted with incremental encoder, which also has a zero mark (or many of them) used to set the true zero position. | As near as I can tell the lack of straight answers is because the terminology is not completely settled.
On the plus side, the worst that'll happen is that your motor will be inefficient, and run warm. If you don't start out by driving the thing at high speed under load, your learning experience should only be expensive in the sense of having unwanted parts, not slagged parts.
But, also as near as I can tell:
* Permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) is a general term for BLDC or BLAC. It's probably mostly used to be synonymous with BLAC.
* Brushless DC is a PMSM with trapezoidal (or nearly so) back-EMF. So it's easier to drive.
* Brushless AC is a PMSM with sinusoidal (or nearly so) back-EMF.
**Nobody** is going to have perfectly trapezoidal back-EMF. **Nobody** is going to have perfectly sinusoidal back-EMF. If you really want to know for sure, get a datasheet that shows the back-emf, or that gives specifications for it. |
450,870 | I want to drive something like these ac synchronous motors:
Small Mige:
<https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/Small-Mige-130-series-1KW-best_60394196285.html?spm=a2700.7724838.2017115.13.6f2a2896JUGbXc>
or Kollmorgen: (let's say 52k, doesn't mattter ultimately)
<https://www.kollmorgen.com/en-us/products/motors/servo/akm-series/akm-series-ac-synchronous-motors/ac-synchronous-servo-motors/#tab2>
So is driving these possible with VESC? I downloaded vesc software and there is a FOC mode which uses sine waves. But this is still a BLDC drive, not BLAC (PMSM)?
Oh yea since i'm confused about driving BLDC and PMSM. Can you drive PMSM with trapezodial (theoretical square wave)? BLDC can be driven with ac so I'm curious, and there are no straight answers on the internet.
Edit:
My plan is to use vesc torque control. The motor would not spin above, let's say 500 RPM. The torque is the most important to me.
Position feedback would be done with incremental encoder.
I will feed the data to vesc using another microcontroller. Haven't decided how to do it yet. | 2019/07/30 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/450870",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/227717/"
] | Both {BLDC, PSMS} have PM on rotor, but the difference is the distribution of stator windings.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/ucJpw.jpg)
BLDC's are cheaper, better slightly more transient torque, **when you do not need any precise position control** unless you have a position encoder feedback then other specs determine which is better like EMI, THD, current crest factor, but generally any Sine wave drive gives better servo control for smooth torque, and position control such as using a low cost (<0.3$/W) VFD with some kV/RPM and computer control.
There are MANY types of position feedback encoders with different cost and resolutions. Cheapest and least accurate are Hall Sensors but adequate for commutation in most cases.
Both can be 2 phase quadrature or 3 phase Y ( or more phases ). ( You are considering 3 phase.)
Both tend to be 82% of no load speed at max rated power and 66% of no-load speed at max torque.
BLDC tend to be DC power with DC to Neutral or full bridge while PSMS are full bridge such as simple velocity+ acceleration controlled or AC input power.
Both use full-bridge PWM control. Feedback options include: current , and back EMF while BLDC tend to use HALL Sensors and PSMS tend to use more precise position feedback ( 3 types). ( Although I once use a micro-sized brush motor with 1000:1 gear reduction to turn a sin-cos Bourns pot for PLL vector rotation of a TEK XY vector display of an eddy current signal with 100 ppm resolution on impedance in XY planes at 100k,200kHz in late '70's)
PSMS may offer active brake after coil power is off as a safety feature, while BLDC needs more active coil power for static torque.
Both can use 6 step Scalar control (quasi-sine) or FOC linear Vector true sine.
Both can have a variety of sensor feedback or used in sensorless control, depending on position accuracy and torque-phase jitter of control needed.
For high-performance Servo's with PSMS are best for resolution, the linearity of current and THD of power and thus lower eddy current losses.
Depending on cost, performance compromises, BLDC can be better such as using inexpensive ESC controllers.
It all depends on your error tolerance for every spec. {Position, velocity, acceleration, EMI, power distortion, dynamic control specs {step response, overshoot, load regulation)
Kollmorgenoffers *best in class* Servo solutions with at least 3 different servo feedback solutions, Sin/Cos resolver, RS485 digital incremental encoder with 20 bit resolution or
BLDC
----
* Trapezoidal back emf
* Square wave current
* Concentrating winding
More efficient , less servo position accuracy, more harmonic distortion
PMSM
----
* Sinusoidal back emf
* Sinusoidal current
* Distributed winding
If I made any errors in generalizations ( please suggest corrections) TYVM. | As near as I can tell the lack of straight answers is because the terminology is not completely settled.
On the plus side, the worst that'll happen is that your motor will be inefficient, and run warm. If you don't start out by driving the thing at high speed under load, your learning experience should only be expensive in the sense of having unwanted parts, not slagged parts.
But, also as near as I can tell:
* Permanent magnet synchronous machine (PMSM) is a general term for BLDC or BLAC. It's probably mostly used to be synonymous with BLAC.
* Brushless DC is a PMSM with trapezoidal (or nearly so) back-EMF. So it's easier to drive.
* Brushless AC is a PMSM with sinusoidal (or nearly so) back-EMF.
**Nobody** is going to have perfectly trapezoidal back-EMF. **Nobody** is going to have perfectly sinusoidal back-EMF. If you really want to know for sure, get a datasheet that shows the back-emf, or that gives specifications for it. |
450,870 | I want to drive something like these ac synchronous motors:
Small Mige:
<https://www.alibaba.com/product-detail/Small-Mige-130-series-1KW-best_60394196285.html?spm=a2700.7724838.2017115.13.6f2a2896JUGbXc>
or Kollmorgen: (let's say 52k, doesn't mattter ultimately)
<https://www.kollmorgen.com/en-us/products/motors/servo/akm-series/akm-series-ac-synchronous-motors/ac-synchronous-servo-motors/#tab2>
So is driving these possible with VESC? I downloaded vesc software and there is a FOC mode which uses sine waves. But this is still a BLDC drive, not BLAC (PMSM)?
Oh yea since i'm confused about driving BLDC and PMSM. Can you drive PMSM with trapezodial (theoretical square wave)? BLDC can be driven with ac so I'm curious, and there are no straight answers on the internet.
Edit:
My plan is to use vesc torque control. The motor would not spin above, let's say 500 RPM. The torque is the most important to me.
Position feedback would be done with incremental encoder.
I will feed the data to vesc using another microcontroller. Haven't decided how to do it yet. | 2019/07/30 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/450870",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/227717/"
] | Both {BLDC, PSMS} have PM on rotor, but the difference is the distribution of stator windings.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/ucJpw.jpg)
BLDC's are cheaper, better slightly more transient torque, **when you do not need any precise position control** unless you have a position encoder feedback then other specs determine which is better like EMI, THD, current crest factor, but generally any Sine wave drive gives better servo control for smooth torque, and position control such as using a low cost (<0.3$/W) VFD with some kV/RPM and computer control.
There are MANY types of position feedback encoders with different cost and resolutions. Cheapest and least accurate are Hall Sensors but adequate for commutation in most cases.
Both can be 2 phase quadrature or 3 phase Y ( or more phases ). ( You are considering 3 phase.)
Both tend to be 82% of no load speed at max rated power and 66% of no-load speed at max torque.
BLDC tend to be DC power with DC to Neutral or full bridge while PSMS are full bridge such as simple velocity+ acceleration controlled or AC input power.
Both use full-bridge PWM control. Feedback options include: current , and back EMF while BLDC tend to use HALL Sensors and PSMS tend to use more precise position feedback ( 3 types). ( Although I once use a micro-sized brush motor with 1000:1 gear reduction to turn a sin-cos Bourns pot for PLL vector rotation of a TEK XY vector display of an eddy current signal with 100 ppm resolution on impedance in XY planes at 100k,200kHz in late '70's)
PSMS may offer active brake after coil power is off as a safety feature, while BLDC needs more active coil power for static torque.
Both can use 6 step Scalar control (quasi-sine) or FOC linear Vector true sine.
Both can have a variety of sensor feedback or used in sensorless control, depending on position accuracy and torque-phase jitter of control needed.
For high-performance Servo's with PSMS are best for resolution, the linearity of current and THD of power and thus lower eddy current losses.
Depending on cost, performance compromises, BLDC can be better such as using inexpensive ESC controllers.
It all depends on your error tolerance for every spec. {Position, velocity, acceleration, EMI, power distortion, dynamic control specs {step response, overshoot, load regulation)
Kollmorgenoffers *best in class* Servo solutions with at least 3 different servo feedback solutions, Sin/Cos resolver, RS485 digital incremental encoder with 20 bit resolution or
BLDC
----
* Trapezoidal back emf
* Square wave current
* Concentrating winding
More efficient , less servo position accuracy, more harmonic distortion
PMSM
----
* Sinusoidal back emf
* Sinusoidal current
* Distributed winding
If I made any errors in generalizations ( please suggest corrections) TYVM. | PMSM and BLDC are almost identical, except the one outputs sine wave back EMF while the other trapezoidal back EMF, respectively.
VESC is a more broad abbrevation for a moto speed control. A BLDC usally uses six-step commutation technique with the use of hall feedback sensors, or it can be sensorless with the help of back EMF sensing. At each time only two coils are energized, the third one is floating and used as antenna for BEMF sensing.
The FOC is used for control of PMSM, the injected current is sinewave, At the same time all three phases are energized. However with few tricks it is still possible to measure the BEMF if needed. A FOC needs at least sensing of two phases currents and absolute position of the rotor, last one can be estimated by use of some sensorless methods: BEMF sensing, PLL observer, Cordic, high frequency injection.
The FOC and PMSM is suitable for control speed, position and torque from zero speed up to max speed. While BLDC and VESC is usually limited to speed control which can be unstable at low speed if not using hall feedback, the same is also for the FOC - a sensorless control without an encoder feedback is not reliable at low speeds.
P.S. : the Kollmorgen motor from link is a PMSM with sinewave BEMF suitable for FOC. Some manufacturers use the incremental encoder, thus the absolute rotor position is unknown. For this purpose, the rotor initial position is estimated during startup an then counted with incremental encoder, which also has a zero mark (or many of them) used to set the true zero position. |
39,622 | I've recently bought an Arabic Oud and started studying how to play it (it's a very fun instrument to play). One thing I don't understand, though, is why I have not seen anyone using the lowest pitch string as a double course, when there usually is a peg avaiable for that. | 2015/11/23 | [
"https://music.stackexchange.com/questions/39622",
"https://music.stackexchange.com",
"https://music.stackexchange.com/users/24820/"
] | It would appear from several sources that the stringing of the oud depends heavily on the make of your oud be it Iraqi, Syrian, Egyptian, etc. It would seem that the stringing setup is a matter of local preference. A good source to refer to would be the [stringing and tuning page at Oudcafe.com](http://www.oudcafe.com/stringing_and_tuning.htm) :
>
> The Syrian oud often has eleven strings and some common tunings are:
>
>
> C F A d g c
>
>
> D G A d g c
>
>
> C E A d g c
>
>
> F A d g c f (usually all double courses with this tuning - 12 strings)
>
>
> Egyptian ouds usually differ most from Syrian ouds not in tuning, but in their general tone. Often though you will find Egyptian players using only five pairs of strings, in effect removing the lowest 'drone string' from the first three tunings above:
>
>
> F A d g c
>
>
> G A d g c
>
>
> E A d g c
>
>
> When the Egyptian oud is used with six courses, it can bes as seen above in the Syrian oud tunings.
>
>
> Iraqi style ouds are often called 'Bachir' ouds because they are rightly attributed to the famous brothers Jameel and Munir Bachir, who were huge forces in creating a new school of oud playing and oud making. These are completey different in that they have floating bridges and the strings attach at the base of the oud, not on the bridge. They often have seven or eight courses (13-15 individual strings). Also, the length of these ouds is usually closer to the Turkish design, though in other respects they do not really resemble Turkish ouds.
>
>
> Some tunings:
>
>
> C D g c f F (note the bass F 'drone string' under the most treble string pair)
>
>
> F C D g c f
>
>
> | According to [this random person on the Internet](http://www.oudforguitarists.com/types-of-ouds-ultimate-oud-buyers-guide-1/), Arabic Ouds are sometimes available in 10 or 12 string varieties.
According to [this string reseller](http://www.labella.com/products/ou80a/), ouds can have "11 or 12 strings in 5 or 6 courses".
And finally [this site](http://www.arabinstruments.com/stringing-the-oud) shows a diagram of an 11-string oud but also says "in some ouds you can find 12 strings in the same corresponding order"
So you probably have a 12-string oud. That said, leaving off a string is probably not a problem if you want to play it like an 11-string and have it sound like an 11-string. |
5,011 | I am already aware of the notation differences. But is it the only criterion? | 2016/07/15 | [
"https://hsm.stackexchange.com/questions/5011",
"https://hsm.stackexchange.com",
"https://hsm.stackexchange.com/users/4431/"
] | Based on written/published records.
Leibniz was [one of the two](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_calculus#Newton_and_Leibniz) that discovered [independently](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leibniz%E2%80%93Newton_calculus_controversy) the infinitesimal calculus.
First written record from Newton: [De analysi per aequationes numero terminorum infinitas](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/De_analysi_per_aequationes_numero_terminorum_infinitas) (written: 1669; published: 1711).
First published record from Newton: [Tractatus de Quadratura Curvarum](https://books.google.it/books?id=mxhfAAAAcAAJ&pg=PA163) (1704).
First published paper from Leibniz: [Nova Methodus pro Maximis et Minimis](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nova_Methodus_pro_Maximis_et_Minimis) (1684). | I will admit to the breaking of a rule in this case and offering an opinion because we are referring to a controversy that set England and Continental Europe against each other, only matched in personal ferocity by the argument between Jacob and Johann Bernoulli about which of them first successfully applied the Calculus (which they learned through correspondence with Leibniz) to derive the function that accurately described the catenary curve (how suspension bridges and necklaces hang). Opinion is really all we have.
The Two crucial points would seem to be--in my view: 1) His introduction of differential notation. 2) His principle of the Identity of Indiscernibles, which implies a (finite) limit of discernibility. The two together indicate that long before Weierstrass (1872) had to point it out, commencing the Great Crisis of Mathematics and the separation of intuitionism from realism, Liebnitz understood that differential calculus was about an ultimately fine-grained finite algebra--not actually the infinitely small. Assuming this superior insight, he had a truer grasp of what the Calculus was about than Newton.
[The universe is quantized after all, and not infinitely divisible. Thus, differential and integral calculus are not intuitionist infinite step constructs but approximations to the finite step constructs of science and engineering, and actually, work.] |
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