qid int64 1 74.7M | question stringlengths 12 33.8k | date stringlengths 10 10 | metadata list | response_j stringlengths 0 115k | response_k stringlengths 2 98.3k |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
33,161 | I'm using WhatsUpGold to monitor the uptime of services and one of them is a MySql server. Since there's no explicit support for MySql, I'm forced to write a VBS script to do it. Unfortunately, WhatsUpGold doesn't support WScript.Sleep. The alternative that is on their forum is [this one](http://forums.ipswitch.com/Topic45840-14-1.aspx) but it seems like a dirty hack. Are there any alternatives to the two of these that I can use? I'd really prefer not to have to copy/paste functions around. | 2009/06/29 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/33161",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/88568/"
] | Ugh! I haven't used any of the "WhatsUp" software in *years*, so I've lost familiarity. A quick review of their forum and a search with my friend Gooogle confirms the ugly hacks you've mentioned.
I'd go for abusing PING like we do in batch files sometimes to get a delay. It's clever, but ugly.
The alternative to being ugly would be to come up with code that doesn't need any "sleep" functionality at all. How are you monitoring MySQL? Are you connecting to it with ODBC and running a query to judge its "aliveness"? | The ping -n X 127.0.0.1 trick is a hack, but not particularly dirty. It is widely known and used in all sorts of Windows batch scripts since the last century ;) |
33,161 | I'm using WhatsUpGold to monitor the uptime of services and one of them is a MySql server. Since there's no explicit support for MySql, I'm forced to write a VBS script to do it. Unfortunately, WhatsUpGold doesn't support WScript.Sleep. The alternative that is on their forum is [this one](http://forums.ipswitch.com/Topic45840-14-1.aspx) but it seems like a dirty hack. Are there any alternatives to the two of these that I can use? I'd really prefer not to have to copy/paste functions around. | 2009/06/29 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/33161",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/88568/"
] | Ugh! I haven't used any of the "WhatsUp" software in *years*, so I've lost familiarity. A quick review of their forum and a search with my friend Gooogle confirms the ugly hacks you've mentioned.
I'd go for abusing PING like we do in batch files sometimes to get a delay. It's clever, but ugly.
The alternative to being ugly would be to come up with code that doesn't need any "sleep" functionality at all. How are you monitoring MySQL? Are you connecting to it with ODBC and running a query to judge its "aliveness"? | have you tried [SleepCMD](http://www.sleepcmd.com/) |
33,161 | I'm using WhatsUpGold to monitor the uptime of services and one of them is a MySql server. Since there's no explicit support for MySql, I'm forced to write a VBS script to do it. Unfortunately, WhatsUpGold doesn't support WScript.Sleep. The alternative that is on their forum is [this one](http://forums.ipswitch.com/Topic45840-14-1.aspx) but it seems like a dirty hack. Are there any alternatives to the two of these that I can use? I'd really prefer not to have to copy/paste functions around. | 2009/06/29 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/33161",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/88568/"
] | Ugh! I haven't used any of the "WhatsUp" software in *years*, so I've lost familiarity. A quick review of their forum and a search with my friend Gooogle confirms the ugly hacks you've mentioned.
I'd go for abusing PING like we do in batch files sometimes to get a delay. It's clever, but ugly.
The alternative to being ugly would be to come up with code that doesn't need any "sleep" functionality at all. How are you monitoring MySQL? Are you connecting to it with ODBC and running a query to judge its "aliveness"? | Why not just use a a [setTimeout](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms536753%28VS.85%29.aspx) method? Look at the following "Hey, Scripting Guy" columns:
<http://blogs.technet.com/heyscriptingguy/archive/2006/03/30/how-can-i-temporarily-pause-a-script-in-an-hta.aspx>
<http://blogs.technet.com/heyscriptingguy/archive/2006/08/18/how-can-i-minimize-or-hide-an-html-application-for-30-seconds.aspx> |
15,608,568 | Although this question has been asked before but that was an year before and not exactly what I wanted to ask. So, here it goes:
I am using <https://graph.facebook.com/search?q=conference&type=event> to find all the events having a keyword "conference".
Question 1: I just get one page of results and the pagination link at the bottom of the page yield to a page with no data (just some structure). However, searching from my facebook I can see many many more events. How can I search for "ALL" (or a considerable number of events say 200+) ?
Question 2: In case, if the search results are limited how can I restrict to events from just one country. So, for example I am only interested in conferences that are in US and not the ones in Europe. How do I do that?
Question 3: How do I search for multiple keywords. Say I want to search for "conferences AND data".
I would appreciate your help.
Thanks
P | 2013/03/25 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/15608568",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1936037/"
] | To search for multiple keywords, use "+". In this case "conferences+data". | add &limit=200 to your query string |
15,608,568 | Although this question has been asked before but that was an year before and not exactly what I wanted to ask. So, here it goes:
I am using <https://graph.facebook.com/search?q=conference&type=event> to find all the events having a keyword "conference".
Question 1: I just get one page of results and the pagination link at the bottom of the page yield to a page with no data (just some structure). However, searching from my facebook I can see many many more events. How can I search for "ALL" (or a considerable number of events say 200+) ?
Question 2: In case, if the search results are limited how can I restrict to events from just one country. So, for example I am only interested in conferences that are in US and not the ones in Europe. How do I do that?
Question 3: How do I search for multiple keywords. Say I want to search for "conferences AND data".
I would appreciate your help.
Thanks
P | 2013/03/25 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/15608568",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1936037/"
] | To search for multiple keywords, use "+". In this case "conferences+data". | about Question 1: note that q=conference means that you are searching for events with keyword conference in them. You are not searching events by category. If you want to search for all events you can use q=\*, this will give you ALL public facebook events. They will not be filtered by location/distance. I have tried to limit the search by location & distance, but so far without any success. |
301,424 | I´m working on a suitability analysis for which I´m doing a sensitivity analysis.
When I modify the weights for this analysis I have values with decimals, so I can´t use "weighted overlay" tool.
Can I use "weighted sum" tool (considering that the weights I use sum 1)? | 2018/11/05 | [
"https://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/301424",
"https://gis.stackexchange.com",
"https://gis.stackexchange.com/users/123187/"
] | Yes you can use [Weighted Sum](http://desktop.arcgis.com/en/arcmap/10.3/tools/spatial-analyst-toolbox/weighted-sum.htm) since your weights are decimals and as long as the total equals to 1, so there is no problem.
I will quote from the help above:
>
> A useful way to add several rasters together is to input multiple
> rasters and set all **weights equal to 1**.
>
>
> Input rasters can be **integer** or **floating point**.
>
>
> | Yes you can. Esri's [Weighted Sum](http://pro.arcgis.com/en/pro-app/tool-reference/spatial-analyst/weighted-sum.htm) page provide the following usage details:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/CFv5S.png)
>
> A useful way to add several rasters together is to input multiple rasters and set all weights equal to 1.
>
>
> Input rasters can be integer or floating point.
>
>
> The weight values can be any positive or negative decimal value. It is not restricted to a relative percentage nor does it need to be equal to 1.0.
>
>
> The weight will be applied to the specified field for the input raster. Fields can be of type short or long integer, double or float.
>
>
> By default, this tool will take advantage of multi-core processors. The maximum number of cores that can be utilized is limited to four.
>
>
> If you want the tool to use fewer cores, use the parallelProcessingFactor environment setting.
>
>
> |
5,511 | I want to restrict user access to only one specific category for content component. I have an idea to create new user group, give access to this group to edit this one category and then assign user to this group. Is there any another solution than creating group? | 2014/12/03 | [
"https://joomla.stackexchange.com/questions/5511",
"https://joomla.stackexchange.com",
"https://joomla.stackexchange.com/users/1592/"
] | ChronoForms or RSForms Pro are the two top form generation components. I would go with ChronoForms as you don't need part for advance features like you're looking for. | [BreezingForms](http://extensions.joomla.org/extensions/contacts-and-feedback/forms/8001) has an option to create sticky forms (for registered users). I'm not sure if the free version has this option, but it appears it does.
To create a sticky form that keeps the values filled out so far, in the menuitem of the form you have a option called "Submission editable by user" . If activated it should prefill the form with any saved data.
As for creating Google spreadsheets, I haven't tried myself, but it appears to be possible, check this link: <http://crosstec.de/en/blog/entry/11-google-drive-spreadsheets-with-joomla-and-breezing-forms.html>
Good luck, hope this helps. |
5,511 | I want to restrict user access to only one specific category for content component. I have an idea to create new user group, give access to this group to edit this one category and then assign user to this group. Is there any another solution than creating group? | 2014/12/03 | [
"https://joomla.stackexchange.com/questions/5511",
"https://joomla.stackexchange.com",
"https://joomla.stackexchange.com/users/1592/"
] | The features you are talking about are really beyond the scope of a form component. The sticky requirement moves to the realm of an application.
You might try using Fabrik to build the form you want, which will give you much more functionality. In any case, you will have to do some level of programming to accomplish what you're looking for.
You might also try breaking your forms into smaller forms and have them be sequential. That would make users more likely to complete enough of them before leaving. | [BreezingForms](http://extensions.joomla.org/extensions/contacts-and-feedback/forms/8001) has an option to create sticky forms (for registered users). I'm not sure if the free version has this option, but it appears it does.
To create a sticky form that keeps the values filled out so far, in the menuitem of the form you have a option called "Submission editable by user" . If activated it should prefill the form with any saved data.
As for creating Google spreadsheets, I haven't tried myself, but it appears to be possible, check this link: <http://crosstec.de/en/blog/entry/11-google-drive-spreadsheets-with-joomla-and-breezing-forms.html>
Good luck, hope this helps. |
877 | I have a client who had ADSL (1500/256), and in an attempt to get her a faster connection, she tried to churn to a different provider.
Long story short, the other provider will not supply adsl because the line quality is too poor (or) she is too far from the exchange.
When she tried to reinstate the connection with the previous provider (it had to be cancelled and codes removed for the new provider to try), they are now saying the same thing.
So apparently there is no ADSL codes on the line, but when I was onsite the other evening I noticed that the modem still had line sync.
How is this possible?
Does that mean she probably could get ADSL back if "a" provider would activate an account for the modem to authenticate to?
[http://i.imgur.com/knzMnFB.png](https://i.imgur.com/knzMnFB.png) | 2013/05/23 | [
"https://networkengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/877",
"https://networkengineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://networkengineering.stackexchange.com/users/876/"
] | Gonna take a guess here that your in Australia.
The cutoff for getting a new ADSL connection from Telstra or any Telstra reseller is 56dB of attenuation at 300khz based on the calculated loss from the cabling records.
Your modem is reporting 63dB attenuation so chances are the calculated loss is higher than 56dB.
When you got ADSL in the first place the loss check must have been bypassed somehow or your cabling records were wrong and calculated at less than 56dB of loss.
Whatever the reason your cabling records now say you cant get ADSL and you have no existing ADSL service on the line.
Its not a technical limitation is a procedural/policy limitation.
You will probably need to go through a manger/escaltion/shouting match with management of your original provider to get the ADSL reinstated. | >
> So apparently there is no ADSL codes on the line, but when I was
> onsite the other evening I noticed that the modem still had line sync.
> How is this possible?
>
>
>
"Codes" is the term used for whether a DSL wholesale providers/ISP's provisioning database acknowledges there is an active service on the line.
Line sync only relies on the customers telephone line being jumpered (cabled) to the DSLAM within the exchange/central office.
Often if port availability is not an issue, the jumpering will be left in tact, when the service is cancelled ("codes" are removed). |
47,133 | Most monitors that I see these days support 32-bit color depth. I can tell the difference between 16-bit, 24-bit, and 32-bit color depth but I am wondering if the human eye could tell the difference between 40-bit, 48-bit, etc. color depth? | 2015/02/11 | [
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/questions/47133",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/users/33730/"
] | The answer is yes. It is also no at the same time. See a monitor is not able to show all the colors humans can sense. Since humans certainly can sometimes see differences between the colors of the 8bit per color palette it means more could be useful.
But if you extend the color range and dynamics then you also need to boost the resolution of the color system. Thing is if you do then you have a lot of space for resolution improvements.
Allready last gen graphics cards were able to adress 10bits per channel, wether your os or entire pipe could or not. Most dslr cameras capture 12, 14,16 bits etc.
Displays today do not show alpha channels, so i doubt your hardware will be 32 bits etc. So the numers your saying dont really make sense for monitors.
Anyway for editting the images it certainly makes sense to have more data. As otherwise your edit might make the limitation visible. | If height mapping is part of your job, then the answer is no. By the time higher color depth becomes standard height maps will probably be a thing of the past though. |
6,738 | I wrote a mathematics textbook (high-school level), in PDF format. It is free and I just want it to be as widely-distributed as possible.
Converting it to any other format makes it awful. (It's merely awful when converted to .docx, but completely unusable when in .epub format.)
Many websites (e.g. Smashwords) don't accept PDF though. So I'm wondering if someone could give me a list of sites where I can publish my PDF ebook. | 2016/07/22 | [
"https://ebooks.stackexchange.com/questions/6738",
"https://ebooks.stackexchange.com",
"https://ebooks.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | If you're in full screen on Windows 10 and on a touchscreen device (2-in-1 devices) and detachable keyboard, you just touch the bottom middle of the page and a menu appears. Touch the X and you're out of full screen. | For my installation of Win10 I can still use alt tab or the like if I'm using a full screen application.
Maybe that would work for you, did you get the application from the website or from the store?
Sometimes they differ. |
6,738 | I wrote a mathematics textbook (high-school level), in PDF format. It is free and I just want it to be as widely-distributed as possible.
Converting it to any other format makes it awful. (It's merely awful when converted to .docx, but completely unusable when in .epub format.)
Many websites (e.g. Smashwords) don't accept PDF though. So I'm wondering if someone could give me a list of sites where I can publish my PDF ebook. | 2016/07/22 | [
"https://ebooks.stackexchange.com/questions/6738",
"https://ebooks.stackexchange.com",
"https://ebooks.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | This drove me nuts, too. Alt-tab will allow you to move away from the the Kindle screen, but it doesn't close it. If Kindle offers a direct keystroke to close the program, they're keeping it a secret. But here's how you can force close it: move your cursor over the "K" (for Kindle) in your Windows Task Bar. Right click and select "Close window". Adios Kindle. | I was stuck at that too but figured out: It's F11! F11 toggles in and out of full screen. Jeez... |
6,738 | I wrote a mathematics textbook (high-school level), in PDF format. It is free and I just want it to be as widely-distributed as possible.
Converting it to any other format makes it awful. (It's merely awful when converted to .docx, but completely unusable when in .epub format.)
Many websites (e.g. Smashwords) don't accept PDF though. So I'm wondering if someone could give me a list of sites where I can publish my PDF ebook. | 2016/07/22 | [
"https://ebooks.stackexchange.com/questions/6738",
"https://ebooks.stackexchange.com",
"https://ebooks.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | This drove me nuts, too. Alt-tab will allow you to move away from the the Kindle screen, but it doesn't close it. If Kindle offers a direct keystroke to close the program, they're keeping it a secret. But here's how you can force close it: move your cursor over the "K" (for Kindle) in your Windows Task Bar. Right click and select "Close window". Adios Kindle. | For my installation of Win10 I can still use alt tab or the like if I'm using a full screen application.
Maybe that would work for you, did you get the application from the website or from the store?
Sometimes they differ. |
6,738 | I wrote a mathematics textbook (high-school level), in PDF format. It is free and I just want it to be as widely-distributed as possible.
Converting it to any other format makes it awful. (It's merely awful when converted to .docx, but completely unusable when in .epub format.)
Many websites (e.g. Smashwords) don't accept PDF though. So I'm wondering if someone could give me a list of sites where I can publish my PDF ebook. | 2016/07/22 | [
"https://ebooks.stackexchange.com/questions/6738",
"https://ebooks.stackexchange.com",
"https://ebooks.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | The Kindle app must think it's on a tablet, or it's a "tablet only" app for Win 10, so it will have no visible title bar or close/minimize/maximize buttons. There are 2 ways.
* Using your finger (if a touchscreen) or mouse, "grab" the top of the Kindle app window where the title bar would normally be, and drag the window down. The app will disappear and this will close the app.
* or hit the Escape key. This should also exit the app.
In both cases you will likely return to your (what I call) "tablet desktop", which is different from the normal Windows desktop that has been in use for 20+ years.
The "tablet desktop" has link to many apps, but in the bottom left (on my PC anyway) it has a link to a normal desktop you are used to. | I was stuck at that too but figured out: It's F11! F11 toggles in and out of full screen. Jeez... |
6,738 | I wrote a mathematics textbook (high-school level), in PDF format. It is free and I just want it to be as widely-distributed as possible.
Converting it to any other format makes it awful. (It's merely awful when converted to .docx, but completely unusable when in .epub format.)
Many websites (e.g. Smashwords) don't accept PDF though. So I'm wondering if someone could give me a list of sites where I can publish my PDF ebook. | 2016/07/22 | [
"https://ebooks.stackexchange.com/questions/6738",
"https://ebooks.stackexchange.com",
"https://ebooks.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | If you're in full screen on Windows 10 and on a touchscreen device (2-in-1 devices) and detachable keyboard, you just touch the bottom middle of the page and a menu appears. Touch the X and you're out of full screen. | I was stuck at that too but figured out: It's F11! F11 toggles in and out of full screen. Jeez... |
6,738 | I wrote a mathematics textbook (high-school level), in PDF format. It is free and I just want it to be as widely-distributed as possible.
Converting it to any other format makes it awful. (It's merely awful when converted to .docx, but completely unusable when in .epub format.)
Many websites (e.g. Smashwords) don't accept PDF though. So I'm wondering if someone could give me a list of sites where I can publish my PDF ebook. | 2016/07/22 | [
"https://ebooks.stackexchange.com/questions/6738",
"https://ebooks.stackexchange.com",
"https://ebooks.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | The Kindle app must think it's on a tablet, or it's a "tablet only" app for Win 10, so it will have no visible title bar or close/minimize/maximize buttons. There are 2 ways.
* Using your finger (if a touchscreen) or mouse, "grab" the top of the Kindle app window where the title bar would normally be, and drag the window down. The app will disappear and this will close the app.
* or hit the Escape key. This should also exit the app.
In both cases you will likely return to your (what I call) "tablet desktop", which is different from the normal Windows desktop that has been in use for 20+ years.
The "tablet desktop" has link to many apps, but in the bottom left (on my PC anyway) it has a link to a normal desktop you are used to. | Swipe from the right. Click 'Settings', 'Control Panel'. The ctrl panel should pop up as should a bar along the bottom. Look for the Kindle app on the bar and close it like you would normally close a program by R clicking/holding it down. |
6,738 | I wrote a mathematics textbook (high-school level), in PDF format. It is free and I just want it to be as widely-distributed as possible.
Converting it to any other format makes it awful. (It's merely awful when converted to .docx, but completely unusable when in .epub format.)
Many websites (e.g. Smashwords) don't accept PDF though. So I'm wondering if someone could give me a list of sites where I can publish my PDF ebook. | 2016/07/22 | [
"https://ebooks.stackexchange.com/questions/6738",
"https://ebooks.stackexchange.com",
"https://ebooks.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | The Kindle app must think it's on a tablet, or it's a "tablet only" app for Win 10, so it will have no visible title bar or close/minimize/maximize buttons. There are 2 ways.
* Using your finger (if a touchscreen) or mouse, "grab" the top of the Kindle app window where the title bar would normally be, and drag the window down. The app will disappear and this will close the app.
* or hit the Escape key. This should also exit the app.
In both cases you will likely return to your (what I call) "tablet desktop", which is different from the normal Windows desktop that has been in use for 20+ years.
The "tablet desktop" has link to many apps, but in the bottom left (on my PC anyway) it has a link to a normal desktop you are used to. | On my Win10 machine I just downloaded the kindle version amazon made for windows 7 because of all the issues I had with the version from the store. You could try using that in the future.
<https://www.amazon.com/gp/kindle/pc/download> |
6,738 | I wrote a mathematics textbook (high-school level), in PDF format. It is free and I just want it to be as widely-distributed as possible.
Converting it to any other format makes it awful. (It's merely awful when converted to .docx, but completely unusable when in .epub format.)
Many websites (e.g. Smashwords) don't accept PDF though. So I'm wondering if someone could give me a list of sites where I can publish my PDF ebook. | 2016/07/22 | [
"https://ebooks.stackexchange.com/questions/6738",
"https://ebooks.stackexchange.com",
"https://ebooks.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | The Kindle app must think it's on a tablet, or it's a "tablet only" app for Win 10, so it will have no visible title bar or close/minimize/maximize buttons. There are 2 ways.
* Using your finger (if a touchscreen) or mouse, "grab" the top of the Kindle app window where the title bar would normally be, and drag the window down. The app will disappear and this will close the app.
* or hit the Escape key. This should also exit the app.
In both cases you will likely return to your (what I call) "tablet desktop", which is different from the normal Windows desktop that has been in use for 20+ years.
The "tablet desktop" has link to many apps, but in the bottom left (on my PC anyway) it has a link to a normal desktop you are used to. | For my installation of Win10 I can still use alt tab or the like if I'm using a full screen application.
Maybe that would work for you, did you get the application from the website or from the store?
Sometimes they differ. |
6,738 | I wrote a mathematics textbook (high-school level), in PDF format. It is free and I just want it to be as widely-distributed as possible.
Converting it to any other format makes it awful. (It's merely awful when converted to .docx, but completely unusable when in .epub format.)
Many websites (e.g. Smashwords) don't accept PDF though. So I'm wondering if someone could give me a list of sites where I can publish my PDF ebook. | 2016/07/22 | [
"https://ebooks.stackexchange.com/questions/6738",
"https://ebooks.stackexchange.com",
"https://ebooks.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | This drove me nuts, too. Alt-tab will allow you to move away from the the Kindle screen, but it doesn't close it. If Kindle offers a direct keystroke to close the program, they're keeping it a secret. But here's how you can force close it: move your cursor over the "K" (for Kindle) in your Windows Task Bar. Right click and select "Close window". Adios Kindle. | On my Win10 machine I just downloaded the kindle version amazon made for windows 7 because of all the issues I had with the version from the store. You could try using that in the future.
<https://www.amazon.com/gp/kindle/pc/download> |
6,738 | I wrote a mathematics textbook (high-school level), in PDF format. It is free and I just want it to be as widely-distributed as possible.
Converting it to any other format makes it awful. (It's merely awful when converted to .docx, but completely unusable when in .epub format.)
Many websites (e.g. Smashwords) don't accept PDF though. So I'm wondering if someone could give me a list of sites where I can publish my PDF ebook. | 2016/07/22 | [
"https://ebooks.stackexchange.com/questions/6738",
"https://ebooks.stackexchange.com",
"https://ebooks.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | If you're in full screen on Windows 10 and on a touchscreen device (2-in-1 devices) and detachable keyboard, you just touch the bottom middle of the page and a menu appears. Touch the X and you're out of full screen. | The Kindle app must think it's on a tablet, or it's a "tablet only" app for Win 10, so it will have no visible title bar or close/minimize/maximize buttons. There are 2 ways.
* Using your finger (if a touchscreen) or mouse, "grab" the top of the Kindle app window where the title bar would normally be, and drag the window down. The app will disappear and this will close the app.
* or hit the Escape key. This should also exit the app.
In both cases you will likely return to your (what I call) "tablet desktop", which is different from the normal Windows desktop that has been in use for 20+ years.
The "tablet desktop" has link to many apps, but in the bottom left (on my PC anyway) it has a link to a normal desktop you are used to. |
504,941 | I would like to check if a computer on a local machine is in a sleep or awake, but without waking it on LAN. If I ping the machine then machine automatically wakes up. I don't want that. I just need to check the status of a computer.
All machines are Mac's running Mac OS X Lion. | 2012/11/13 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/504941",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/173076/"
] | Two general approaches will solve this issue:
1. ping *from* the monitored hosts at regular intervals
2. instruct the NIC to leave the OS rest on pings.
In the first case you will be monitoring for activity from target hosts, if it goes quiet, then it is sleeping.
In the second case you have to configure the wake on lan capabilities of your network interfaces to respond only to a specific type of wol-signal, and not to any ping. Alternatively you may disable wake on lan entirely. In which case (presumably) the hosts will respond to pings only if they are awake.
Regrettably, I have no Mac OS X to play with, but perhaps the wake on lan settings may be configured the same way as in FreeBSD (man 8 ifconfig, look for wol). | Try Apple Remote Desktop - it have "current status" column in machine list.
App costs not too much and pretty functional. |
556,157 | I wonder how this sentence sounds. Does it sound absurd or could it be used in some situations?
In other words, is it possible to make a correct sentence with this phrase '***if she would have studied hard***'?
PS. Source: my curiosity (I maybe remember someone using this kind of sentence) | 2020/12/30 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/556157",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/409922/"
] | Many people (Americans, at least), use this construction (*would have* + Past Participle),
instead of past perfect (*had* + Past Participle), and with the same meaning.
* *If she would have studied harder, she could have gotten an A.*
* *If she had studied harder, she could have gotten an A.*
Of course, this is only in writing.
What people would actually **say** blurs the seeming difference between these two constructions.
Auxiliary verbs are usually contracted; in particular, *would* is normally contracted to a single final **`'d`**. I.e,
* *She would never do that ==> **She'd** never do that.*
* *He would answer the phone in Swedish ==> **He'd** answer the phone in
Swedish*
*Would have* is contracted to *would've*, normally pronounced /wʊdə/,
with the /v/ dropped and only the syllable remaining.
* *He would have hung up ==> He **would've** hung up* /hiwʊdəhə'ŋəp/
However, *would've* can **also** contract the *would* to /d/, as usual, so further contraction is possible, to
* *He would've hung up ==> **He'd've** hung up*. /hidəhə'ŋəp/
which leaves only /də/ between *he* and the verb. Recall that this syllable is intended to be a short form of *would have*, at least in the mind's ear of the speaker.
And in the example sentence, that'd be
* *if she would have studied harder* ==> *if she'd'a studied harder*
Notice that, in shortening *would have* successively to /də/, we have passed right through the standard contraction for the past perfect. I.e,
* *if she had studied harder* ==> *if she'd studied harder*
so the only pronunciation difference between these two forms is the presence or absence of a reduced schwa (/ə/), which can get swallowed easily in ordinary speech.
Consequently, many people don't hear any phonetic difference between these two constructions. They look very different on paper (and there isn't any semantic difference between them), but people can't tell which one others are using, so they confuse them totally, with the usual result. | 1. The former implies she had other things to do that seemed more important and/or pleasant at the time. The latter indicates that, in the speaker's opinion, at least, she did not have the ability to study hard.
2. It would be better grammatically and stylistically to say "Had she studied hard, [she would have been a celebrated and well-compensated scholar by now]. |
515,365 | >
> **Possible Duplicate:**
>
> [How can I measure my computer temperature?](https://superuser.com/questions/2119/how-can-i-measure-my-computer-temperature)
>
>
>
On my previous PC I have used some gadgets to measure the temperature.
How can I measure it on Windows 8? | 2012/12/05 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/515365",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/176644/"
] | I use [Speccy](http://speccy.com/) by Piriform. It does more than just CPU temp. | I have always used third party software to monitor temperatures. See if this work in Windows 8 on desktop mode: [CoreTemp](http://www.alcpu.com/CoreTemp/) |
515,365 | >
> **Possible Duplicate:**
>
> [How can I measure my computer temperature?](https://superuser.com/questions/2119/how-can-i-measure-my-computer-temperature)
>
>
>
On my previous PC I have used some gadgets to measure the temperature.
How can I measure it on Windows 8? | 2012/12/05 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/515365",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/176644/"
] | I use [OpenHardwareMonitor](http://openhardwaremonitor.org/) which adds a Gadget you can customize
 | I have always used third party software to monitor temperatures. See if this work in Windows 8 on desktop mode: [CoreTemp](http://www.alcpu.com/CoreTemp/) |
102,648 | I can't seem to create additional workspaces in Gnome-shell. Compiz says I should have four (2 by 2) but I only seem to have 2 set up. So, how do I create additional workspaces in gnome-shell? | 2012/02/08 | [
"https://askubuntu.com/questions/102648",
"https://askubuntu.com",
"https://askubuntu.com/users/13049/"
] | First of all, gnome shell doesn't use compiz, it uses mutter.
Second, gnome shell has something that I've dubbed "auto workspace maker" - that is, as you fill up one workspace, gnome creates another for you. So if you put a window in your first workspace *and* your second, gnome will make you a third workspace and so on and so forth. | Try Workspace Grid, a [Gnome extension](https://extensions.gnome.org/extension/484/workspace-grid/). It supports both up-down and left-right workspace navigation. |
86,276 | In Drupal 7, I need to create a view of member-only nodes. They're all of a certain type. This type—and I've already set that up with role-based access control—can only be seen by logged in users.
Now, I can create a view called *Member Area* that shows these nodes, and make it accessible only to logged in users (through the View access control), but when I create a menu entry for that view, the link obviously disappears when the user isn't logged in.
What I need is a link that points to a "please log in" text (could be on a static page, whatever) when the user isn't logged in. If the user then logs in, I want to display the view which shows only the restricted content.
Giving a specific example, I currently have this. The block is conditionally shown in the sidebar only on the page called *Member Area*. The page displays the static *You are not logged in…* text.
Once the user logs in, I want to show them the view of restricted content:
The horrible kludge that I use now is that I link the user to another view in the user menu, but that's really bad UX.
Can I set this up somehow? | 2013/09/20 | [
"https://drupal.stackexchange.com/questions/86276",
"https://drupal.stackexchange.com",
"https://drupal.stackexchange.com/users/2626/"
] | What I did was quite simple:
* Create the view normally, without access restrictions and link it to the menu.
* Make sure the nodes themselves can only be seen by logged in users.
* Create a *No results behavior* text that tells users to log in.
* Show the login block only on the view's page. | I believe you're looking for <https://drupal.org/project/r4032login>
In addition to that, this module: <https://drupal.org/project/menu_item_visibility> will allow you to set the menu item to be visible to anonymous users as well even though they can't access its content. when they click on it they're redirected to login. |
42,845 | >
> 1.**Have** you **phoned** your sister?
>
>
>
> 2.**Did** you **phone** your sister?
>
>
>
What is the difference between the above two sentences? (Do they sound similar?) | 2014/12/12 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/42845",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/11929/"
] | In English, another way to make the past is to "have [past participle]".
E.g. "I have given my candy away." vs.
"I gave my candy away."
So in your case, the verb is "to phone" [someone].
They have the same meaning. The first has a bit of an implication that the asker was expecting you to do it. The second is more inquisitive and unsure whether you did or not. This is sort of specific to the sentences and typically they are indistinguishable in meaning and tone. | They mean the same thing, so it’s just a matter of personal preference. I’d expect to hear the first from my mother as a reminder that I should call my sister, but she would use either one if she just wanted to know whether or not I’d spoken to my sister recently. Someone else's mother might reverse that. I really can't think of any solid differences between the phrases.
Also, I hear call as the verb here more often than phone, but I’d expect that to be a regional difference. I’m in the Northeast US. |
83,562 | I'm looking for a remote release for Sony A7Rii. As far as I can tell there are none on the market and the only way is via the PlayMemories app. Unfortunately my phone is a Motorolo E which is not compatible - it won't connect to the camera and is listed as not compatible in the PlayMemories documentation. So my question is, what is the most cost effective way to get a remote release? Is the only way to buy a new phone? | 2016/10/10 | [
"https://photo.stackexchange.com/questions/83562",
"https://photo.stackexchange.com",
"https://photo.stackexchange.com/users/53324/"
] | The [Sony website](http://www.sony.com/electronics/interchangeable-lens-camera-products/t/accessories?accessoriesfor=ILCE-7RM2) lists a few non-app-based remote release options for the α7R II, namely the RMT-DSLR2 Wireless Remote Commander, the RM-VPR1 Remote Control with Multi-Terminal Cable, and the RM-SPR1 Remote Commander. | You can use the [PlayMemories App](https://play.google.com/store/apps/details?id=com.sony.playmemories.mobile) provided you upgrade the camera firmware to 4.x or a [camera app](https://www.playmemoriescameraapps.com/portal/usbdetail.php?eid=IS9104-NPIA09014_00-F00002) which shots when the viewfinder is obscured |
2,937,734 | Our requirement is being able to integrate our DLLs with ClickOnce. Dotfuscator does the obfuscation job nicely but the obfuscated DLLs cannot be deployed with ClickOnce on customer side. On our side, we can handle it perfectly. Moreover, the obfuscated assemblies sometime crash our .NET CF app. It turns out to a solution that creates a temporary source and obfuscates it before compiling with VS. This ensures that the compiled assembly can be integrated with ClickOnce and fully compatible with .NET CF. What is the best tool to obfuscate C# SOURCE CODE (not assemblies)? | 2010/05/30 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2937734",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/336413/"
] | [{SmartAssembly}](http://www.smartassembly.com/) - Simple, efficient, brilliant and comes with more than just obfuscation.
We currently use it with [ClickOnce](http://www.smartassembly.com/download/HowToUseClickOnce.pdf) and it supports the [Compact Framework](http://www.smartassembly.com/product/whatsnew.aspx) - You just add a post build script and you're done. It also has various levels of security, so you can simply go by trial and error to the most compatible level of protection. | See my company's [SD C# Obfuscator](http://www.semanticdesigns.com/Products/Obfuscators/CSharpObfuscator.html). |
2,937,734 | Our requirement is being able to integrate our DLLs with ClickOnce. Dotfuscator does the obfuscation job nicely but the obfuscated DLLs cannot be deployed with ClickOnce on customer side. On our side, we can handle it perfectly. Moreover, the obfuscated assemblies sometime crash our .NET CF app. It turns out to a solution that creates a temporary source and obfuscates it before compiling with VS. This ensures that the compiled assembly can be integrated with ClickOnce and fully compatible with .NET CF. What is the best tool to obfuscate C# SOURCE CODE (not assemblies)? | 2010/05/30 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2937734",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/336413/"
] | See my company's [SD C# Obfuscator](http://www.semanticdesigns.com/Products/Obfuscators/CSharpObfuscator.html). | You don't need to obfuscate the source code, you just need an assembly obfuscator which supports ClickOnce. [Crypto Obfuscator](http://www.ssware.com/cryptoobfuscator/obfuscator-net.htm) supports this - it performs the obfuscation as part of the build process, so the assemblies that end up being in the ClickOnce manifest and setups are already obfuscated. |
2,937,734 | Our requirement is being able to integrate our DLLs with ClickOnce. Dotfuscator does the obfuscation job nicely but the obfuscated DLLs cannot be deployed with ClickOnce on customer side. On our side, we can handle it perfectly. Moreover, the obfuscated assemblies sometime crash our .NET CF app. It turns out to a solution that creates a temporary source and obfuscates it before compiling with VS. This ensures that the compiled assembly can be integrated with ClickOnce and fully compatible with .NET CF. What is the best tool to obfuscate C# SOURCE CODE (not assemblies)? | 2010/05/30 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2937734",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/336413/"
] | [{SmartAssembly}](http://www.smartassembly.com/) - Simple, efficient, brilliant and comes with more than just obfuscation.
We currently use it with [ClickOnce](http://www.smartassembly.com/download/HowToUseClickOnce.pdf) and it supports the [Compact Framework](http://www.smartassembly.com/product/whatsnew.aspx) - You just add a post build script and you're done. It also has various levels of security, so you can simply go by trial and error to the most compatible level of protection. | You don't need to obfuscate the source code, you just need an assembly obfuscator which supports ClickOnce. [Crypto Obfuscator](http://www.ssware.com/cryptoobfuscator/obfuscator-net.htm) supports this - it performs the obfuscation as part of the build process, so the assemblies that end up being in the ClickOnce manifest and setups are already obfuscated. |
2,937,734 | Our requirement is being able to integrate our DLLs with ClickOnce. Dotfuscator does the obfuscation job nicely but the obfuscated DLLs cannot be deployed with ClickOnce on customer side. On our side, we can handle it perfectly. Moreover, the obfuscated assemblies sometime crash our .NET CF app. It turns out to a solution that creates a temporary source and obfuscates it before compiling with VS. This ensures that the compiled assembly can be integrated with ClickOnce and fully compatible with .NET CF. What is the best tool to obfuscate C# SOURCE CODE (not assemblies)? | 2010/05/30 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2937734",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/336413/"
] | [{SmartAssembly}](http://www.smartassembly.com/) - Simple, efficient, brilliant and comes with more than just obfuscation.
We currently use it with [ClickOnce](http://www.smartassembly.com/download/HowToUseClickOnce.pdf) and it supports the [Compact Framework](http://www.smartassembly.com/product/whatsnew.aspx) - You just add a post build script and you're done. It also has various levels of security, so you can simply go by trial and error to the most compatible level of protection. | In most cases, if you're asking this question, you're using the wrong language (and framework). Many of the things that make .NET powerful are incompatible with obfuscation, so you might as well be using native C++.
ClickOnce might be an exception to this, but I think it still will severely limit the obfuscation level you can use.
If you really want to protect your IP, you should host a web service so your proprietary code never leaves your computer. Once your code is running on someone else's CPU, you've lost the battle to hide it. |
2,937,734 | Our requirement is being able to integrate our DLLs with ClickOnce. Dotfuscator does the obfuscation job nicely but the obfuscated DLLs cannot be deployed with ClickOnce on customer side. On our side, we can handle it perfectly. Moreover, the obfuscated assemblies sometime crash our .NET CF app. It turns out to a solution that creates a temporary source and obfuscates it before compiling with VS. This ensures that the compiled assembly can be integrated with ClickOnce and fully compatible with .NET CF. What is the best tool to obfuscate C# SOURCE CODE (not assemblies)? | 2010/05/30 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2937734",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/336413/"
] | In most cases, if you're asking this question, you're using the wrong language (and framework). Many of the things that make .NET powerful are incompatible with obfuscation, so you might as well be using native C++.
ClickOnce might be an exception to this, but I think it still will severely limit the obfuscation level you can use.
If you really want to protect your IP, you should host a web service so your proprietary code never leaves your computer. Once your code is running on someone else's CPU, you've lost the battle to hide it. | You don't need to obfuscate the source code, you just need an assembly obfuscator which supports ClickOnce. [Crypto Obfuscator](http://www.ssware.com/cryptoobfuscator/obfuscator-net.htm) supports this - it performs the obfuscation as part of the build process, so the assemblies that end up being in the ClickOnce manifest and setups are already obfuscated. |
3 | Many anime are derived from visual/light novels, so it only feels natural to also discuss them here. What do you think? | 2012/12/11 | [
"https://anime.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/3",
"https://anime.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://anime.meta.stackexchange.com/users/21/"
] | I think light novels, and other paraphernelia tangential to the "main" anime/manga fandom should be on topic here.
That said, I also believe the site need ***not*** be renamed to enumerate these items' inclusion. Most anime fans I know accept that these things are part of *otaku* culture. | I think this SE should probably be renamed to something so that all mediums of otaku culture are included, not just visual novels.
There are light novels, vocaloid, doujinshi, etc. that would all serve well on one site since the demographics for these are very similar. |
3 | Many anime are derived from visual/light novels, so it only feels natural to also discuss them here. What do you think? | 2012/12/11 | [
"https://anime.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/3",
"https://anime.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://anime.meta.stackexchange.com/users/21/"
] | I think that I will cite Madare Uchiha's response to this question: [Are live-action series based on anime/manga/light novels on topic here?](https://anime.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/13/are-live-action-series-based-on-anime-manga-light-novels-on-topic-here). I think that only anime and manga should be discussed on this site, though questions about comparisons between light novels and their corresponding anime/manga, for example, should be allowed. That draws a pretty solid line. | I think this SE should probably be renamed to something so that all mediums of otaku culture are included, not just visual novels.
There are light novels, vocaloid, doujinshi, etc. that would all serve well on one site since the demographics for these are very similar. |
3 | Many anime are derived from visual/light novels, so it only feels natural to also discuss them here. What do you think? | 2012/12/11 | [
"https://anime.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/3",
"https://anime.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://anime.meta.stackexchange.com/users/21/"
] | There was a recent discussion on [Chat](http://chat.stackexchange.com/transcript/message/7287140#7287140) regarding a question about [Melty Blood](https://anime.stackexchange.com/questions/507/which-melty-blood-games-are-relevant-plotwise), pertaining relevancy of such games.
In essence it's a family of games which are in various proportions a mix of fighting game genre and Visual Novel - in the "story mode" the VN progresses along a plotline and from time to time duels occur. Now the proportion of fighting to plot varies wildly between those, and the asker wanted to know the order in which to play to follow the storyline of Tsukihime.
The consensus on Chat was that questions about that kind of games are relevant only if they ask about (or depend strictly on) the plot aspects of the game. Questions that pertain to the game mechanics, multiplayer, and other elements that are not directly relevant to the VN part are better asked on Arquade.
(in particular, the question about order is on-topic) | I think this SE should probably be renamed to something so that all mediums of otaku culture are included, not just visual novels.
There are light novels, vocaloid, doujinshi, etc. that would all serve well on one site since the demographics for these are very similar. |
3 | Many anime are derived from visual/light novels, so it only feels natural to also discuss them here. What do you think? | 2012/12/11 | [
"https://anime.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/3",
"https://anime.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://anime.meta.stackexchange.com/users/21/"
] | I think light novels, and other paraphernelia tangential to the "main" anime/manga fandom should be on topic here.
That said, I also believe the site need ***not*** be renamed to enumerate these items' inclusion. Most anime fans I know accept that these things are part of *otaku* culture. | I think that I will cite Madare Uchiha's response to this question: [Are live-action series based on anime/manga/light novels on topic here?](https://anime.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/13/are-live-action-series-based-on-anime-manga-light-novels-on-topic-here). I think that only anime and manga should be discussed on this site, though questions about comparisons between light novels and their corresponding anime/manga, for example, should be allowed. That draws a pretty solid line. |
3 | Many anime are derived from visual/light novels, so it only feels natural to also discuss them here. What do you think? | 2012/12/11 | [
"https://anime.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/3",
"https://anime.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://anime.meta.stackexchange.com/users/21/"
] | I think light novels, and other paraphernelia tangential to the "main" anime/manga fandom should be on topic here.
That said, I also believe the site need ***not*** be renamed to enumerate these items' inclusion. Most anime fans I know accept that these things are part of *otaku* culture. | There was a recent discussion on [Chat](http://chat.stackexchange.com/transcript/message/7287140#7287140) regarding a question about [Melty Blood](https://anime.stackexchange.com/questions/507/which-melty-blood-games-are-relevant-plotwise), pertaining relevancy of such games.
In essence it's a family of games which are in various proportions a mix of fighting game genre and Visual Novel - in the "story mode" the VN progresses along a plotline and from time to time duels occur. Now the proportion of fighting to plot varies wildly between those, and the asker wanted to know the order in which to play to follow the storyline of Tsukihime.
The consensus on Chat was that questions about that kind of games are relevant only if they ask about (or depend strictly on) the plot aspects of the game. Questions that pertain to the game mechanics, multiplayer, and other elements that are not directly relevant to the VN part are better asked on Arquade.
(in particular, the question about order is on-topic) |
3 | Many anime are derived from visual/light novels, so it only feels natural to also discuss them here. What do you think? | 2012/12/11 | [
"https://anime.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/3",
"https://anime.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://anime.meta.stackexchange.com/users/21/"
] | There was a recent discussion on [Chat](http://chat.stackexchange.com/transcript/message/7287140#7287140) regarding a question about [Melty Blood](https://anime.stackexchange.com/questions/507/which-melty-blood-games-are-relevant-plotwise), pertaining relevancy of such games.
In essence it's a family of games which are in various proportions a mix of fighting game genre and Visual Novel - in the "story mode" the VN progresses along a plotline and from time to time duels occur. Now the proportion of fighting to plot varies wildly between those, and the asker wanted to know the order in which to play to follow the storyline of Tsukihime.
The consensus on Chat was that questions about that kind of games are relevant only if they ask about (or depend strictly on) the plot aspects of the game. Questions that pertain to the game mechanics, multiplayer, and other elements that are not directly relevant to the VN part are better asked on Arquade.
(in particular, the question about order is on-topic) | I think that I will cite Madare Uchiha's response to this question: [Are live-action series based on anime/manga/light novels on topic here?](https://anime.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/13/are-live-action-series-based-on-anime-manga-light-novels-on-topic-here). I think that only anime and manga should be discussed on this site, though questions about comparisons between light novels and their corresponding anime/manga, for example, should be allowed. That draws a pretty solid line. |
153,443 | Also, why is the weak interaction force $10^7$ times smaller than the strong nuclear force? | 2014/12/15 | [
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/153443",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/users/67770/"
] | The Anthropic answer to this question is that if gravity were a lot stronger, then the evolution of the universe would have proceeded in a different way, it would have collapsed just after the Big Bang. One can speculate that all possiblities really exists, but we can obviously only find ourselves in those universes with laws of physics that are compatible with our existence. Moreover, the laws of physics will appear to be fine tuned to maximize the probability of our existence. In reality there is no such fine tuning, it's all an observer selection effect. | There is no reason we humans can tell why gravitational force is so weak. We did not create it. We just measured it and found it was too low. |
398,144 | So I'm running an i5 in an ASUS P8P67 M-Pro board and for whatever reason I'm getting some confusing tempature readings.
HW Monitor is reading my CPUTIN at 92C but my core temps are only at 38C.
I've re-done the heat sink twice, following the instructions for the Arctic Silver 5.
Can someone give me some advice on if this is actually running to hot or not? | 2012/03/07 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/398144",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/-1/"
] | I would not worry about it. A quick google search shows it's a common occurence. These sensors are added by the motherboard maker (rather than the CPU) and as such, may be not be well supported by various monitoring utilities or may not be high enough quality to report reliably at given temps. You could also check for a BIOS update on your MB.
The CPU core temps, on the other hand, are quite reliable (assuming non-defective CPU).
Check with your fingers on the board or heatsync near the CPU, and if it's warm but not enough to hurt, you're good to go and should ignore this temperature sensor entirely. | All of the -TIN sensors on the P8P67 are unreliable. The CPU sensors are known-good, so stick with those temperatures.
If you'd like to be absolutely certain, you can pick up a cheap non-contact IR thermometer from a hobby shop. |
84,221 | I like to access my Mac from work (Linux) and I wonder if it is possible without installing additional software like TeamViewer or ChickenVNC. I also noticed somewhere that it is possible to wake my Mac via WiFi. What is needed for that (Mac has to be plugged in? Do I have to be in the same Network?) and how do I do it? | 2013/03/04 | [
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/84221",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/users/43309/"
] | You can take either one of the following two approach:
### 1. VNC
This is pretty simple, you'll need to go to System Preferences → Screen Sharing and then click on **Computer Settings**. From there you can select **VNC viewers may control screen with password:** and supply a password.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/XLY2h.png)
### 2. Wi-Fi Wakeup
Go to System Preferences → Energy Saver. You can only do this with the Mac running on power (if it's a portable). You'll need to enable an option tick called **Wake for Wi-Fi network access**.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/B3dHP.png)
---
### OS X Mountain Lion 10.8.2 Problem
If you're running this release of OS X Mountain Lion, you may find this [doesn't work](https://discussions.apple.com/thread/4160837).
>
> Q:
>
>
> No Wake-on-LAN possible since updating to ML
>
>
> Hi everybody,
>
>
> since updating from OS X 10.7 to 10.8 (clean install), Wake-on-LAN does not work anymore. Setup: Mac mini (Early 2011) connected to Time Capsule (2nd gen) via devolo dLAN. Mac mini goes to sleep after 30 minutes and eventually disappears from the network. Sending Wake-On-LAN packets or using Back To My Mac fail, it simply won't wake up.
>
>
> Wake-on-LAN worked smoothly under 10.7 after some problems. Any ideas?
>
>
> Thanks and regards
>
>
> Steffen
>
>
>
However, OS X Mountain Lion 10.8.3 fixed this. | Ubuntu has community wiki guide for the matter <https://help.ubuntu.com/community/AppleRemoteDesktop>
### Setting up the Mac to be Accessed Remotely
On the Mac:
1. Open System Preferences (it's in the Apple menu)
2. Open the Sharing panel
3. Check the box Apple Remote Desktop
4. Click Access Privileges
5. Check the box VNC viewers may control screen with password, and enter a password
6. Click OK
### Accessing the Mac From Ubuntu
On Ubuntu:
1. Launch Remmina Remote Desktop Client
2. Select Connection > New from menu
3. Select VNC - Virtual Network Computing as Protocol
4. Fill Server field with either IP address or hostname of the Mac
5. Optionally fill both User name and Password to make Remmina remember Your credentials
6. **IMPORTANT**: Set Color depth to High color (15 bit) or better, otherwise connection will fail
7. Click Connect (or Save to reuse it later)
Your Mac's desktop should appear on your screen. |
5,340 | I'm taking a class in language acquisition called "Nature vs Nurture". I'm not particularly fond of that framing, because the divide seems overly dichotomous. In addition, the N-vs-N debate has been used as a tool of oppression throughout history, namely in eugenics.
So I'm wondering whether there are any cases in linguistics (or related fields like Cognitive Sciences) where this debate is being used for harm? | 2016/10/31 | [
"https://hsm.stackexchange.com/questions/5340",
"https://hsm.stackexchange.com",
"https://hsm.stackexchange.com/users/4907/"
] | No, at least not in the academic sector. It it now commonly held knowledge that it is not one or the other, but the interaction between nature and nurture that shapes an individual. The "debate" therefore is currently how much of each contributes to any given developmental mechanism. However, I cannot guarantee that some independent special interest group is not using a perversion of the "original debate" for their own agenda. All this being said, it is important to note that there are some aspects of maturation (e.g., language or sight, for example) that have either sensitive or critical periods for development. With that being said, it IS important, and extremely useful, to discuss nature/nurture within these contexts.
Key individuals in this area of study include Robert Plomin, Arnold Buss, Michael Rutter, Urie Bronfenbrenner, Jay Belsky, Sandra Scarr, and Michael Pluess (to name a few). If you are interested in additional information, many of these individuals have published works on this topic within the last 10 years. | There was, long ago, a confusion in social science circles. Alfred Marshall, Karl Pearson, Bernard Shaw, Ronald Fisher, etc, framed the question in terms of nature versus nature. However, this framing was later critically addressed, by prominent figures at the time within biology and neuroscience.
In 1956 (2), [Donald Hebb](http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Donald_Olding_Hebb) wrote that it is 100 percent both, that the nature versus nurture is misleading and incorrect, that there is no nature part and no nurture part. They cannot be separated or calculated as fractions. Environment determined how genes are expressed and while absence of one (now called developmental resource) causes some behavior not to be learned, no behavior is attributable to some environment or to some genetic component, because mere presence of that independent of the whole complex system does not produce that behavior. He was later elected president of the American Psychological Association. In his earlier famous coalitional neural networks monograph (1), he wrote that attributing substantial differences in human learning behavior specifically to different genetics is very misleading. Most significant genetic differences in a species, he argued, do not themselves cause any behavior difference when small and cause obvious physical illness when sufficiently great.
Before him Raymond Wheeler wrote much the same thing in places like *Psychological Review*, and Conrad Waddington wrote the same thing on numerous occasions in his well known books in 1949, 1954, 1957, etc, and in places like *Nature*. Today we talk about whole developmental systems and developmental resources that must be present at a certain time for something to occur but none of which by itself *codes* or causes anything. So much for the *scientific* history of this.
(1) **HEBB**, **DONALD**. **1949**. *The Organization of Behavior*, New York: Wiley.
(2) **HEBB**, **DONALD**. **1982**. *The Conceptual Nervous System*, Oxford: Pergamon. |
5,340 | I'm taking a class in language acquisition called "Nature vs Nurture". I'm not particularly fond of that framing, because the divide seems overly dichotomous. In addition, the N-vs-N debate has been used as a tool of oppression throughout history, namely in eugenics.
So I'm wondering whether there are any cases in linguistics (or related fields like Cognitive Sciences) where this debate is being used for harm? | 2016/10/31 | [
"https://hsm.stackexchange.com/questions/5340",
"https://hsm.stackexchange.com",
"https://hsm.stackexchange.com/users/4907/"
] | No, at least not in the academic sector. It it now commonly held knowledge that it is not one or the other, but the interaction between nature and nurture that shapes an individual. The "debate" therefore is currently how much of each contributes to any given developmental mechanism. However, I cannot guarantee that some independent special interest group is not using a perversion of the "original debate" for their own agenda. All this being said, it is important to note that there are some aspects of maturation (e.g., language or sight, for example) that have either sensitive or critical periods for development. With that being said, it IS important, and extremely useful, to discuss nature/nurture within these contexts.
Key individuals in this area of study include Robert Plomin, Arnold Buss, Michael Rutter, Urie Bronfenbrenner, Jay Belsky, Sandra Scarr, and Michael Pluess (to name a few). If you are interested in additional information, many of these individuals have published works on this topic within the last 10 years. | >
> I'm wondering whether there are any cases in linguistics (or related fields like Cognitive Sciences) where this debate is being used for harm?
>
>
>
The subject of nature vs nurture is a hot debate and is very divisive in many scientific and non-scientific communities.
Where there is prejudice, there can be harm on both sides of the debate
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
In cognitive sciences, I can think of 2 examples straight away.
Good and evil inborn or developed?
----------------------------------
The debate on whether good and evil is inborn or down to upbringing or other environmental issues has been raging for decades. The research by Philip Zimbardo, Stanley Milgram, Soloman Asch *et al*. shows that. It can also be seen to be harmful on both sides or the debate.
Sexual abuse of a child is an evil that most people want to eradicate. This in turn has led to a fight against paedophilia, hebephilia etc. when it is debated that [paedophilia etc. are sexual orientations which may not lead to sexual abuse of a child](https://psychology.stackexchange.com/q/587/7604). After all, male rape of men and boys can have nothing to do with homosexual orientation ([one example of research outcomes](https://lgbpsychology.org/html/facts_molestation.html))
### If it is inborn
If it's inborn, what do you do about the evil people born that way? They can't help it after all. Do you put an extremely close 24/7/365 watch on them in order to step on the moment they are about to do something evil?
Maybe you look to eugenics to eliminate the problem by aborting future pregnancies which could lead to an evil person being born. But that is not fair on the unborn child as it may not be 100% accurate and the child could turn out to be a Mother Teresa or Mahatma Gandhi incarnate.
Maybe you could sterilise evil people so the gene pool for evil people is weakened. But that is unfair on the potential mother of a child who again, could turn out to be another Mother Teresa or Mahatma Gandhi.
### If it is nurture
Do you put aside your indifference toward evil people, admonish those who caused it (mothers, fathers, school teachers, politicians, influences on social media...) and support the evildoers toward going the other way, or do you punush both and leave the admonishment to correct their ways? After all, it costs a lot of money to imprison an individual and the finances are finite.
Homosexuality inborn or influenced?
-----------------------------------
### If inborn (which is where science has swung toward)
There has been, and continues to be, incidents of fear of the unknown where straight people worry there will be issues from homosexual people coming on to or attacking heterosexual people. So, this fear induces violence toward them.
There has been a search for "the gay gene" and that has caused controversy as [that has good and bad implications](https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg22429963-700-gay-gene-discovery-has-good-and-bad-implications/) and [scientists have sought to "kill" a particular test for homosexuality](https://www.the-scientist.com/news-opinion/scientists-seek-to-kill-genetic-test-for-same-sex-attraction--66591). There have been calls for eugenics to step in to eliminate "the abomination". Do we try to remove homosexuality through genetics? That is actually a debate in some circles.
Do we prevent gay men from donating sperm? Do we prevent them from fathering a child through surrogacy? Do we use [conversion therapy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conversion_therapy) to stop them acting on their urges? Do we try to develop [brain implants to "cure" it](https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/cross-check/bizarre-brain-implant-experiment-sought-to-cure-homosexuality/)?... The list can go on. After all,
>
> Homosexuality has been [attempted to be] treated with lobotomies, chemical castration, electrical shocks and nausea-inducing drugs as well as psychotherapy.
>
>
>
### If there are environmental influences
Again, fear of the unknown steps in. Can a straight person be made to be gay by another gay person? Should we prevent gay people socialising with heterosexual people? Should we just beat it out of them?
Should we perform lobotomies, chemical castration, electrical shocks and nausea-inducing drugs as well as psychotherapy? |
5,340 | I'm taking a class in language acquisition called "Nature vs Nurture". I'm not particularly fond of that framing, because the divide seems overly dichotomous. In addition, the N-vs-N debate has been used as a tool of oppression throughout history, namely in eugenics.
So I'm wondering whether there are any cases in linguistics (or related fields like Cognitive Sciences) where this debate is being used for harm? | 2016/10/31 | [
"https://hsm.stackexchange.com/questions/5340",
"https://hsm.stackexchange.com",
"https://hsm.stackexchange.com/users/4907/"
] | >
> I'm wondering whether there are any cases in linguistics (or related fields like Cognitive Sciences) where this debate is being used for harm?
>
>
>
The subject of nature vs nurture is a hot debate and is very divisive in many scientific and non-scientific communities.
Where there is prejudice, there can be harm on both sides of the debate
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
In cognitive sciences, I can think of 2 examples straight away.
Good and evil inborn or developed?
----------------------------------
The debate on whether good and evil is inborn or down to upbringing or other environmental issues has been raging for decades. The research by Philip Zimbardo, Stanley Milgram, Soloman Asch *et al*. shows that. It can also be seen to be harmful on both sides or the debate.
Sexual abuse of a child is an evil that most people want to eradicate. This in turn has led to a fight against paedophilia, hebephilia etc. when it is debated that [paedophilia etc. are sexual orientations which may not lead to sexual abuse of a child](https://psychology.stackexchange.com/q/587/7604). After all, male rape of men and boys can have nothing to do with homosexual orientation ([one example of research outcomes](https://lgbpsychology.org/html/facts_molestation.html))
### If it is inborn
If it's inborn, what do you do about the evil people born that way? They can't help it after all. Do you put an extremely close 24/7/365 watch on them in order to step on the moment they are about to do something evil?
Maybe you look to eugenics to eliminate the problem by aborting future pregnancies which could lead to an evil person being born. But that is not fair on the unborn child as it may not be 100% accurate and the child could turn out to be a Mother Teresa or Mahatma Gandhi incarnate.
Maybe you could sterilise evil people so the gene pool for evil people is weakened. But that is unfair on the potential mother of a child who again, could turn out to be another Mother Teresa or Mahatma Gandhi.
### If it is nurture
Do you put aside your indifference toward evil people, admonish those who caused it (mothers, fathers, school teachers, politicians, influences on social media...) and support the evildoers toward going the other way, or do you punush both and leave the admonishment to correct their ways? After all, it costs a lot of money to imprison an individual and the finances are finite.
Homosexuality inborn or influenced?
-----------------------------------
### If inborn (which is where science has swung toward)
There has been, and continues to be, incidents of fear of the unknown where straight people worry there will be issues from homosexual people coming on to or attacking heterosexual people. So, this fear induces violence toward them.
There has been a search for "the gay gene" and that has caused controversy as [that has good and bad implications](https://www.newscientist.com/article/mg22429963-700-gay-gene-discovery-has-good-and-bad-implications/) and [scientists have sought to "kill" a particular test for homosexuality](https://www.the-scientist.com/news-opinion/scientists-seek-to-kill-genetic-test-for-same-sex-attraction--66591). There have been calls for eugenics to step in to eliminate "the abomination". Do we try to remove homosexuality through genetics? That is actually a debate in some circles.
Do we prevent gay men from donating sperm? Do we prevent them from fathering a child through surrogacy? Do we use [conversion therapy](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conversion_therapy) to stop them acting on their urges? Do we try to develop [brain implants to "cure" it](https://blogs.scientificamerican.com/cross-check/bizarre-brain-implant-experiment-sought-to-cure-homosexuality/)?... The list can go on. After all,
>
> Homosexuality has been [attempted to be] treated with lobotomies, chemical castration, electrical shocks and nausea-inducing drugs as well as psychotherapy.
>
>
>
### If there are environmental influences
Again, fear of the unknown steps in. Can a straight person be made to be gay by another gay person? Should we prevent gay people socialising with heterosexual people? Should we just beat it out of them?
Should we perform lobotomies, chemical castration, electrical shocks and nausea-inducing drugs as well as psychotherapy? | There was, long ago, a confusion in social science circles. Alfred Marshall, Karl Pearson, Bernard Shaw, Ronald Fisher, etc, framed the question in terms of nature versus nature. However, this framing was later critically addressed, by prominent figures at the time within biology and neuroscience.
In 1956 (2), [Donald Hebb](http://www.scholarpedia.org/article/Donald_Olding_Hebb) wrote that it is 100 percent both, that the nature versus nurture is misleading and incorrect, that there is no nature part and no nurture part. They cannot be separated or calculated as fractions. Environment determined how genes are expressed and while absence of one (now called developmental resource) causes some behavior not to be learned, no behavior is attributable to some environment or to some genetic component, because mere presence of that independent of the whole complex system does not produce that behavior. He was later elected president of the American Psychological Association. In his earlier famous coalitional neural networks monograph (1), he wrote that attributing substantial differences in human learning behavior specifically to different genetics is very misleading. Most significant genetic differences in a species, he argued, do not themselves cause any behavior difference when small and cause obvious physical illness when sufficiently great.
Before him Raymond Wheeler wrote much the same thing in places like *Psychological Review*, and Conrad Waddington wrote the same thing on numerous occasions in his well known books in 1949, 1954, 1957, etc, and in places like *Nature*. Today we talk about whole developmental systems and developmental resources that must be present at a certain time for something to occur but none of which by itself *codes* or causes anything. So much for the *scientific* history of this.
(1) **HEBB**, **DONALD**. **1949**. *The Organization of Behavior*, New York: Wiley.
(2) **HEBB**, **DONALD**. **1982**. *The Conceptual Nervous System*, Oxford: Pergamon. |
5,892 | What coverage measures/metrics are useful for unit testing and for integration testing of Java or other object-oriented systems?
**Context:**
We would like to establish a better test process. Our software systems are (mostly) developed and maintained by external providers (including implementation of change requests). As of now, they do the development and (hopefully) some testing and provide us with the resulting software. Then we do the system testing.
Now we would like to make some specifications of measures which have to be fulfilled by the provider in order for us to accept the software and start system testing.
There are some techniques like statement testing and decision/branch testing which for which some tools exist (e.g. Cobertura, EclEmma), and which seem to be relatively easy to use. These could of course be somewhat helpful.
Unfortunately they seem to be insufficient for object oriented systems, since the complexity of object-oriented systems mostly is due to the relations between classes and objects, not due to complex control flows. Required statement coverage (e.g. 100%) or branch coverage could be achieved relatively easy. Nevertheless, there could be many quality problems which cannot be identified by these tests.
Are there other techniques and corresponding coverage measures which are more adequate? If yes, can you recommend tools?
---
***Update:***
After thinking about it, and without having found better measures/metrics for object-oriented systems, I contemplate the following approach:
* Require statement coverage of 100%, maybe with justified exceptions of some classes or (groups of) methods.
* Maybe require decision/branch coverage of 100% for all classes/methods which are not excluded (see previous list item), depending on the project.
* Additionally to these measures/metrics, and prior to development, perform design reviews to get confidence in the approach the provider chose. | 2013/04/05 | [
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com/questions/5892",
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com",
"https://sqa.stackexchange.com/users/5071/"
] | I have tested Java enterprise systems for about 10 years, both web and desktop client. Each of the systems I tested had a different requirements model, but the evaluation of coverage metrics (as it applies to answering if the product is ready to ship) was always a major concern.
The most effective coverage evaluation in our experience was a two-pronged approach with thorough unit requirement testing (such as in TDD) combined with exploratory testing of the user stories at the system or integration level. That requires heavy communication among the team when deriving the unit-level requirements, both initially and as the requirements "evolve". Your description of the relationship with the development contractors is a bit concerning and is probably the weakest point of your process. I would suggest trying to incorporate more frequent communication and interim deliveries of the component software from the development teams to better evaluate the implementation at the system level as early as possible. The combination of unit requirement coverage and exploratory evaluation of the user stories at the system level should give you the best coverage indication. | In addition to getting the code coverage, I would test how the system handles both valid and invalid inputs to the system. We had a web service client that relied on the server to respond with code formatted according to their XML schema, and all of our tests passed, and we could process the responses during integration testing.
It was when we got to production that we couldn't process any of the responses. The reason was that they used different XML schema in production. We never anticipated this, and had nothing in the code to make it easy to diagnose the problem.
We added code and tests at all levels for unexpected input from the server, and now at least have a helpful log message when we get data from a supposedly 'reliable source'. |
11,850,218 | I'm confused. I copied and pasted 3 files in Finder, then back into my xCode project. I've now tweaked the xib and made corresponding changes in the .h and .m files, but it seems like these three files aren't being compiled. Right now I have a blatantly obvious syntax error but xCode doesn't seem to care. I'm even able to run the app in the simulator.
I haven't actually refactored my existing code to use the new view controller, but that shouldn't matter, right? What is going on? | 2012/08/07 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/11850218",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/654870/"
] | They are not being compiled yet.
In your Project Settings goto "Build Phases", "Compile Sources", then click the "+"
Add the .m files and they will then compile.
EDIT: To avoid the problem all together-- I realized when I was adding new files to my project, my project was unchecked in the add file dialog which was why it was not added to the Compiled Sources list. Checking that before adding prevents having to do it manually. | Just like to add one more step in @RyanG before compile try to clean your code from menu Product -> Clean. |
81,301 | Can anyone identify the city in this picture?
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/AL55H.jpg)
It appears to be along a coast or a body of water. | 2016/10/24 | [
"https://travel.stackexchange.com/questions/81301",
"https://travel.stackexchange.com",
"https://travel.stackexchange.com/users/52859/"
] | The city is New York, facing the Borough of Manhattan and the photo was taken at Kennedy Blvd and approximately 53rd Street in [West New York, New Jersey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_New_York,_New_Jersey). I lived there for nearly a decade and would spot it in a moment. Screen cap from Google street view...
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/FleHI.jpg)
Source: [Google Maps](https://www.google.co.uk/maps/place/West+New+York,+NJ+07093,+USA/@40.7794284,-74.0125403,303m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x89c258131938b8d5:0xe39c30a8afef2d96!8m2!3d40.7878788!4d-74.0143064)
See also: [A view of New York (Manhattan) from West New York, New Jersey at dawn](https://www.flickr.com/photos/drunkcat/3049580133) | That is the City of New York and the island/borough of Manhattan. It's a picture of the West Side, Hell's Kitchen, taken from Union City, New Jersey.
The pier on the right is the Intrepid. The other piers are the cruise terminal.
And the pier all the way to the left is for garbage transfer. |
81,301 | Can anyone identify the city in this picture?
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/AL55H.jpg)
It appears to be along a coast or a body of water. | 2016/10/24 | [
"https://travel.stackexchange.com/questions/81301",
"https://travel.stackexchange.com",
"https://travel.stackexchange.com/users/52859/"
] | This is New York City - looking east across the Hudson from New Jersey.
A similar viewpoint is available from [google maps](https://www.google.com/maps/@40.7707909,-74.015868,3a,75y,158.39h,76.01t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1s-75vFHL7RYQE%2FVfXJrNJ3UxI%2FAAAAAAAAAMc%2FUPWAC1QV7ho-z7GU0DIB1TNk7tR6RsQsQ!2e4!3e11!6s%2F%2Flh4.googleusercontent.com%2F-75vFHL7RYQE%2FVfXJrNJ3UxI%2FAAAAAAAAAMc%2FUPWAC1QV7ho-z7GU0DIB1TNk7tR6RsQsQ%2Fw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya340.33728-ro-0-fo100%2F!7i8704!8i4352!6m1!1e1)
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/8sWQ8.jpg)
Probably from around Port Imperial Blvd just north of the Lincoln Tunnel.
Your photo seems to be from a position a little further south than this one though - a bit closer to the tunnel - judging by the angles of the piers. | The city is New York, facing the Borough of Manhattan and the photo was taken at Kennedy Blvd and approximately 53rd Street in [West New York, New Jersey](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West_New_York,_New_Jersey). I lived there for nearly a decade and would spot it in a moment. Screen cap from Google street view...
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/FleHI.jpg)
Source: [Google Maps](https://www.google.co.uk/maps/place/West+New+York,+NJ+07093,+USA/@40.7794284,-74.0125403,303m/data=!3m1!1e3!4m5!3m4!1s0x89c258131938b8d5:0xe39c30a8afef2d96!8m2!3d40.7878788!4d-74.0143064)
See also: [A view of New York (Manhattan) from West New York, New Jersey at dawn](https://www.flickr.com/photos/drunkcat/3049580133) |
81,301 | Can anyone identify the city in this picture?
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/AL55H.jpg)
It appears to be along a coast or a body of water. | 2016/10/24 | [
"https://travel.stackexchange.com/questions/81301",
"https://travel.stackexchange.com",
"https://travel.stackexchange.com/users/52859/"
] | This is New York City - looking east across the Hudson from New Jersey.
A similar viewpoint is available from [google maps](https://www.google.com/maps/@40.7707909,-74.015868,3a,75y,158.39h,76.01t/data=!3m8!1e1!3m6!1s-75vFHL7RYQE%2FVfXJrNJ3UxI%2FAAAAAAAAAMc%2FUPWAC1QV7ho-z7GU0DIB1TNk7tR6RsQsQ!2e4!3e11!6s%2F%2Flh4.googleusercontent.com%2F-75vFHL7RYQE%2FVfXJrNJ3UxI%2FAAAAAAAAAMc%2FUPWAC1QV7ho-z7GU0DIB1TNk7tR6RsQsQ%2Fw203-h100-k-no-pi-0-ya340.33728-ro-0-fo100%2F!7i8704!8i4352!6m1!1e1)
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/8sWQ8.jpg)
Probably from around Port Imperial Blvd just north of the Lincoln Tunnel.
Your photo seems to be from a position a little further south than this one though - a bit closer to the tunnel - judging by the angles of the piers. | That is the City of New York and the island/borough of Manhattan. It's a picture of the West Side, Hell's Kitchen, taken from Union City, New Jersey.
The pier on the right is the Intrepid. The other piers are the cruise terminal.
And the pier all the way to the left is for garbage transfer. |
58,168 | To be specific:
How would you include it as part of curriculum? Would it be too boring to just introduce them as a pure law subject? Are there any course structure available or can we derive one? What are the books that could be used?
I would like to see that - after going through the course - candidate is well aware of "what software licenses are and what they are good for". Various implications of not knowing it in it's proper sense. What licenses they should use for their own code. What to consider when they are trying to use certain libraries or tools in their project and gauge risks/rewards associated with it. The idea is to let them make informed choices when they are professionals/practitioners in field of programming and not make them substitute for a lawyer or even a paralegal who is going to fight the case or draft things. | 2011/03/15 | [
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/58168",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/users/20172/"
] | Definitely have a paper on software licensing OR teach it as part of software engineering. I am more in favor of the latter.
Some recommended books:
[http://www.amazon.com/Software-Licensing-Handbook-Jeffrey-Gordon/dp/1430305843](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/1430305843)
[http://www.amazon.com/Practical-Software-Licensing-Licensees-Licensors/dp/159031574X](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/159031574X)
Must read link: <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_free_software_licenses> | Teaching them why those licenses exist in the first place (small history of licenses) would be a good start .
For example in the 1980s , licenses were created to fuel the open source movement (like the BSD license , GNU license etc) . |
58,168 | To be specific:
How would you include it as part of curriculum? Would it be too boring to just introduce them as a pure law subject? Are there any course structure available or can we derive one? What are the books that could be used?
I would like to see that - after going through the course - candidate is well aware of "what software licenses are and what they are good for". Various implications of not knowing it in it's proper sense. What licenses they should use for their own code. What to consider when they are trying to use certain libraries or tools in their project and gauge risks/rewards associated with it. The idea is to let them make informed choices when they are professionals/practitioners in field of programming and not make them substitute for a lawyer or even a paralegal who is going to fight the case or draft things. | 2011/03/15 | [
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/58168",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/users/20172/"
] | Teaching them why those licenses exist in the first place (small history of licenses) would be a good start .
For example in the 1980s , licenses were created to fuel the open source movement (like the BSD license , GNU license etc) . | In my second or third year of undergraduate education, my university offered a new course called [Patents and Trade Secrets](https://register.rit.edu/courseSchedule/0609410). Regardless of its name, it was a general intellectual property course geared toward engineers and scientists about various legal concerns that could arise in industry related to patents, trademarks, copyright, and trade secrets. When I took it, there were less than 10 people in the class and over half were enrolled in computer science, software engineering, information technology, or computer engineering. Therefore, parts of the course were tailored to include information relevant to the computing profession, such as patentability of source code and open source software licenses. Note that when I took the course, the university was on a quarter system, meaning the class met for a total of 4 hours a week for 10 weeks.
I think that this is an appropriate approach. Universities should offer an intellectual property course suitable for non-legal professionals in business, science, and engineering with the intent of exposing them to topics that might come up on the job. One of the topics, especially if there are a number of students in the computing field in the course, should be software licenses. I don't know how feasible it is to create an entire course on software licenses, in a 10 week quarter or a 15 week semester schedule, though. |
58,168 | To be specific:
How would you include it as part of curriculum? Would it be too boring to just introduce them as a pure law subject? Are there any course structure available or can we derive one? What are the books that could be used?
I would like to see that - after going through the course - candidate is well aware of "what software licenses are and what they are good for". Various implications of not knowing it in it's proper sense. What licenses they should use for their own code. What to consider when they are trying to use certain libraries or tools in their project and gauge risks/rewards associated with it. The idea is to let them make informed choices when they are professionals/practitioners in field of programming and not make them substitute for a lawyer or even a paralegal who is going to fight the case or draft things. | 2011/03/15 | [
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/58168",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/users/20172/"
] | Definitely have a paper on software licensing OR teach it as part of software engineering. I am more in favor of the latter.
Some recommended books:
[http://www.amazon.com/Software-Licensing-Handbook-Jeffrey-Gordon/dp/1430305843](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/1430305843)
[http://www.amazon.com/Practical-Software-Licensing-Licensees-Licensors/dp/159031574X](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/159031574X)
Must read link: <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_free_software_licenses> | I think I would focus on the **dangers of choosing the wrong source code license, or no license at all.**
Ask your students questions like:
* What happens when you put code online, but don't choose any software license for it?
* What bad things can happen to your source when you pick {insert license type here}? One example is <http://www.linfo.org/tivoization.html> ; another is <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_license>
* Which licenses can protect you from those bad things, and how? |
58,168 | To be specific:
How would you include it as part of curriculum? Would it be too boring to just introduce them as a pure law subject? Are there any course structure available or can we derive one? What are the books that could be used?
I would like to see that - after going through the course - candidate is well aware of "what software licenses are and what they are good for". Various implications of not knowing it in it's proper sense. What licenses they should use for their own code. What to consider when they are trying to use certain libraries or tools in their project and gauge risks/rewards associated with it. The idea is to let them make informed choices when they are professionals/practitioners in field of programming and not make them substitute for a lawyer or even a paralegal who is going to fight the case or draft things. | 2011/03/15 | [
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/58168",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/users/20172/"
] | Definitely have a paper on software licensing OR teach it as part of software engineering. I am more in favor of the latter.
Some recommended books:
[http://www.amazon.com/Software-Licensing-Handbook-Jeffrey-Gordon/dp/1430305843](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/1430305843)
[http://www.amazon.com/Practical-Software-Licensing-Licensees-Licensors/dp/159031574X](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/159031574X)
Must read link: <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison_of_free_software_licenses> | In my second or third year of undergraduate education, my university offered a new course called [Patents and Trade Secrets](https://register.rit.edu/courseSchedule/0609410). Regardless of its name, it was a general intellectual property course geared toward engineers and scientists about various legal concerns that could arise in industry related to patents, trademarks, copyright, and trade secrets. When I took it, there were less than 10 people in the class and over half were enrolled in computer science, software engineering, information technology, or computer engineering. Therefore, parts of the course were tailored to include information relevant to the computing profession, such as patentability of source code and open source software licenses. Note that when I took the course, the university was on a quarter system, meaning the class met for a total of 4 hours a week for 10 weeks.
I think that this is an appropriate approach. Universities should offer an intellectual property course suitable for non-legal professionals in business, science, and engineering with the intent of exposing them to topics that might come up on the job. One of the topics, especially if there are a number of students in the computing field in the course, should be software licenses. I don't know how feasible it is to create an entire course on software licenses, in a 10 week quarter or a 15 week semester schedule, though. |
58,168 | To be specific:
How would you include it as part of curriculum? Would it be too boring to just introduce them as a pure law subject? Are there any course structure available or can we derive one? What are the books that could be used?
I would like to see that - after going through the course - candidate is well aware of "what software licenses are and what they are good for". Various implications of not knowing it in it's proper sense. What licenses they should use for their own code. What to consider when they are trying to use certain libraries or tools in their project and gauge risks/rewards associated with it. The idea is to let them make informed choices when they are professionals/practitioners in field of programming and not make them substitute for a lawyer or even a paralegal who is going to fight the case or draft things. | 2011/03/15 | [
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/58168",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/users/20172/"
] | I think I would focus on the **dangers of choosing the wrong source code license, or no license at all.**
Ask your students questions like:
* What happens when you put code online, but don't choose any software license for it?
* What bad things can happen to your source when you pick {insert license type here}? One example is <http://www.linfo.org/tivoization.html> ; another is <http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viral_license>
* Which licenses can protect you from those bad things, and how? | In my second or third year of undergraduate education, my university offered a new course called [Patents and Trade Secrets](https://register.rit.edu/courseSchedule/0609410). Regardless of its name, it was a general intellectual property course geared toward engineers and scientists about various legal concerns that could arise in industry related to patents, trademarks, copyright, and trade secrets. When I took it, there were less than 10 people in the class and over half were enrolled in computer science, software engineering, information technology, or computer engineering. Therefore, parts of the course were tailored to include information relevant to the computing profession, such as patentability of source code and open source software licenses. Note that when I took the course, the university was on a quarter system, meaning the class met for a total of 4 hours a week for 10 weeks.
I think that this is an appropriate approach. Universities should offer an intellectual property course suitable for non-legal professionals in business, science, and engineering with the intent of exposing them to topics that might come up on the job. One of the topics, especially if there are a number of students in the computing field in the course, should be software licenses. I don't know how feasible it is to create an entire course on software licenses, in a 10 week quarter or a 15 week semester schedule, though. |
47,592 | I am struggling to set correct parameters to get a nice shot of Jupiter in the night sky. I am using DMC-FZ200 and I get a result like this:
Moons are clearly visible, but the planet itself is way to bright. How to reduce brightness to see some features? I am using ISO100 (lowest possible). I tried shorter exposure times, but then I only see a noisy blob. Only once I was able to do the shot below, where you can barely make out the two main Jupiter bars, but it is still too bright:
The above was shot with exposure time of 1/100, f/2.8 (lowest possible), ISO100 and focal length 108mm.
Even shorter exposure times of 1/250, 1/500 and 1/1000 gave only a blob filled with noise, which was darker and darker but no features.
For example the image below was shot with 1/500s exposure time:
I tried many different combinations, but failed to get any better results.
**-- After Accepting Answer / Results --**
The image on the left is mine (combined data from two shots and heavily adjusted contrast and brightness and rotated), the one on the right is from NASA for reference.
You can see two darker horizontal bars and a brighter bar in the middle of the planet.
 | 2014/02/03 | [
"https://photo.stackexchange.com/questions/47592",
"https://photo.stackexchange.com",
"https://photo.stackexchange.com/users/25822/"
] | The basic problem is the difference in brightness between Jupiter and the brightness of its moons. This image of Jupiter was taken at ISO 200, 1/125, f/8. The exposure was increased 1/3 stop in processing. It is a 100% crop taken at 400mm using a 1.6x APS-C camera mounted on a tripod. Mirror lockup and a wired shutter release were used to reduce camera movement.
This image was taken at ISO 400, 1/2 second, f/8. The exposure was decreased 2/3 stops in processing. It was shot with the same camera/lens and converted from RAW with the exact same post processing (other than exposure).
The difference in exposure value between the two as shot is 7 stops! After the adjustments to exposure in RAW conversion, they are still 6 stops apart. Even when brightness is reduced in the second photo prior to RAW conversion until Jupiter is no longer at full saturation and the dimmer moons are about to fade out, there are no surface details of Jupiter that are recoverable.
Beyond the difference in brightness between Jupiter and its moons, the problems you are experiencing when using your DMC-FZ200 could be attributable to several factors:
* **The resolution limits** of your lens/sensor combination. One advantage of cameras with smaller sensors is they gain telephoto "reach" with smaller, shorter focal length lenses. The price they usually pay for this is lower absolute resolution.
* **Focusing errors**. It is almost always necessary to manually focus astronomical subjects. The AF systems in most cameras can't focus on small, dim objects in the sky. Even when they can, their margin of error is usually too great. It is difficult enough to get razor sharp focus using a large telephoto lens with a manual focus ring. It is even more difficult to do so using a 'focus by wire system' that may not have intervals fine enough between steps. Because infinity focus changes with focal length and other environmental factors, most lenses allow the focusing elements to go past infinity. Many lenses with high speed AF motors allow an even greater buffer past infinity focus so the focus motor is less likely to bump against the end of travel when trying to focus at infinity.
* **The atmospheric conditions** at the time the photo is taken. This can vary wildly. Generally locations with cooler and drier air in the atmosphere above your viewing location will be more stable and provide better "seeing" than warmer, more humid air that is often turbulent as well. It is like trying to see the details of a rock at the bottom of a pond. If the water is clear and still, you can see the bottom fairly well. If the water is muddy and turbulent, you can't see much of anything.
* **Camera movement**. With a narrow field of view, even very slight movements of the camera are highly magnified. A stable tripod is an absolute necessity when doing night sky photography. Even with a lesser tripod brisk winds can cause subtle camera motion that affects your results. Actuating the shutter button directly instead of using a timer or remote release also will likely add some camera movement. And any mechanical movement inside the camera associated with the shutter release can also introduce camera movement. Although this is of primary concern with an SLR that has a mirror that moves, even stopping down the aperture or moving a mechanical shutter has the potential to introduce smaller amounts of shake. | Why do you use f/2.8? Is that the optimal value for your lens? Lenses stopped down a bit usually create sharper images. (E.g. a stock lens at f/5.6 usually results in nice pictures, and going towards f/2.8 it gets a bit less sharp. At f/2.0 it gets pretty blurred, and if it can do f/1.8 it is pretty blurry, compared to f/5.6). |
114,744 | I am looking for a pejorative term to describe someone who constantly needs social interaction regardless of quality.
Something along the lines of "social nymphomaniac", but not necessarily gender-specific, and preferably in a single word. I would also prefer it if it were not colloquial. | 2013/05/23 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/114744",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/44737/"
] | ***"Social addict"***, though 2 words, has the pejorativeness you're looking for, I believe. | I think *familiar* might also fit the bill. As in:
>
> unduly intimate; too personal; taking liberties; presuming: The
> duchess disliked familiar servants.
>
>
>
Source: meaning #5 [here](http://www.dictionary.com/browse/familiar). |
114,744 | I am looking for a pejorative term to describe someone who constantly needs social interaction regardless of quality.
Something along the lines of "social nymphomaniac", but not necessarily gender-specific, and preferably in a single word. I would also prefer it if it were not colloquial. | 2013/05/23 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/114744",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/44737/"
] | I would call such a person *intrusive*, if I were limited to a single word. Some of the synonyms my thesaurus gives for *intrusive* are *presumptuous*, *pushy*, *impertinent*, *officious*, and *forward*. They're all pejorative. An *officious* person offers help, advice, or service where none is wanted. A *presumptuous* person presumes on a degree of familiarity or intimacy that isn't warranted by the actual relationship. Another word for *forward* in this sense is *brash*. | ***"Social addict"***, though 2 words, has the pejorativeness you're looking for, I believe. |
114,744 | I am looking for a pejorative term to describe someone who constantly needs social interaction regardless of quality.
Something along the lines of "social nymphomaniac", but not necessarily gender-specific, and preferably in a single word. I would also prefer it if it were not colloquial. | 2013/05/23 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/114744",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/44737/"
] | I think [social butterfly](http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Social%20Butterfly) would fit most contexts perfectly well...
>
> *Someone who is VERY social and easygoing; can be either a male or a female. Usually these people don’t belong to a particular group, but rather jump from one group to another. They are somewhat accepted in all of them, but don’t really have any deep friendship connections in any of them.*
>
>
>
...but if OP doesn't want a "colloquial" term, perhaps [socialite](https://www.google.co.uk/#q=socialite&tbs=dfn:1&tbo=u&sa=X&ei=emiiUfq0OsGf0QXSi4GoDA&ved=0CC8QkQ4&bav=on.2,or.r_cp.r_qf.&fp=d3d85859a5844b3f&biw=1269&bih=865) would do...
>
> *A person who is well known in fashionable society and is fond of social activities and entertainment.*
>
>
> | I think *familiar* might also fit the bill. As in:
>
> unduly intimate; too personal; taking liberties; presuming: The
> duchess disliked familiar servants.
>
>
>
Source: meaning #5 [here](http://www.dictionary.com/browse/familiar). |
114,744 | I am looking for a pejorative term to describe someone who constantly needs social interaction regardless of quality.
Something along the lines of "social nymphomaniac", but not necessarily gender-specific, and preferably in a single word. I would also prefer it if it were not colloquial. | 2013/05/23 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/114744",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/44737/"
] | I think [social butterfly](http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Social%20Butterfly) would fit most contexts perfectly well...
>
> *Someone who is VERY social and easygoing; can be either a male or a female. Usually these people don’t belong to a particular group, but rather jump from one group to another. They are somewhat accepted in all of them, but don’t really have any deep friendship connections in any of them.*
>
>
>
...but if OP doesn't want a "colloquial" term, perhaps [socialite](https://www.google.co.uk/#q=socialite&tbs=dfn:1&tbo=u&sa=X&ei=emiiUfq0OsGf0QXSi4GoDA&ved=0CC8QkQ4&bav=on.2,or.r_cp.r_qf.&fp=d3d85859a5844b3f&biw=1269&bih=865) would do...
>
> *A person who is well known in fashionable society and is fond of social activities and entertainment.*
>
>
> | Maybe *ultrasociable* will suit your needs. It's not at all colloquial, and any word that begins with *ultra-* is generally pejorative, like *ultraconservative*, *ultraorthodox*, and *ultraliberal*, because *ultra-* means *extreme*.
[Bacchanalian](http://www.thefreedictionary.com/bacchanalian) (noun and adjective) or *bacchic* (adjective) might fit, but they are kind of restricted to drunken, orgiastic parties. [Corybantic](http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/corybantic) is another, but it implies wildness too. |
114,744 | I am looking for a pejorative term to describe someone who constantly needs social interaction regardless of quality.
Something along the lines of "social nymphomaniac", but not necessarily gender-specific, and preferably in a single word. I would also prefer it if it were not colloquial. | 2013/05/23 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/114744",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/44737/"
] | I think [social butterfly](http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Social%20Butterfly) would fit most contexts perfectly well...
>
> *Someone who is VERY social and easygoing; can be either a male or a female. Usually these people don’t belong to a particular group, but rather jump from one group to another. They are somewhat accepted in all of them, but don’t really have any deep friendship connections in any of them.*
>
>
>
...but if OP doesn't want a "colloquial" term, perhaps [socialite](https://www.google.co.uk/#q=socialite&tbs=dfn:1&tbo=u&sa=X&ei=emiiUfq0OsGf0QXSi4GoDA&ved=0CC8QkQ4&bav=on.2,or.r_cp.r_qf.&fp=d3d85859a5844b3f&biw=1269&bih=865) would do...
>
> *A person who is well known in fashionable society and is fond of social activities and entertainment.*
>
>
> | Maybe ***"Serial Socializer"***... as in someone who, like a Serial Murderer, can't stop from socializing to the point where he/she becomes a social pariah anywhere that person sets foot in. |
114,744 | I am looking for a pejorative term to describe someone who constantly needs social interaction regardless of quality.
Something along the lines of "social nymphomaniac", but not necessarily gender-specific, and preferably in a single word. I would also prefer it if it were not colloquial. | 2013/05/23 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/114744",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/44737/"
] | I would call such a person *intrusive*, if I were limited to a single word. Some of the synonyms my thesaurus gives for *intrusive* are *presumptuous*, *pushy*, *impertinent*, *officious*, and *forward*. They're all pejorative. An *officious* person offers help, advice, or service where none is wanted. A *presumptuous* person presumes on a degree of familiarity or intimacy that isn't warranted by the actual relationship. Another word for *forward* in this sense is *brash*. | I think *familiar* might also fit the bill. As in:
>
> unduly intimate; too personal; taking liberties; presuming: The
> duchess disliked familiar servants.
>
>
>
Source: meaning #5 [here](http://www.dictionary.com/browse/familiar). |
114,744 | I am looking for a pejorative term to describe someone who constantly needs social interaction regardless of quality.
Something along the lines of "social nymphomaniac", but not necessarily gender-specific, and preferably in a single word. I would also prefer it if it were not colloquial. | 2013/05/23 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/114744",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/44737/"
] | I would call such a person *intrusive*, if I were limited to a single word. Some of the synonyms my thesaurus gives for *intrusive* are *presumptuous*, *pushy*, *impertinent*, *officious*, and *forward*. They're all pejorative. An *officious* person offers help, advice, or service where none is wanted. A *presumptuous* person presumes on a degree of familiarity or intimacy that isn't warranted by the actual relationship. Another word for *forward* in this sense is *brash*. | Maybe ***"Serial Socializer"***... as in someone who, like a Serial Murderer, can't stop from socializing to the point where he/she becomes a social pariah anywhere that person sets foot in. |
114,744 | I am looking for a pejorative term to describe someone who constantly needs social interaction regardless of quality.
Something along the lines of "social nymphomaniac", but not necessarily gender-specific, and preferably in a single word. I would also prefer it if it were not colloquial. | 2013/05/23 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/114744",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/44737/"
] | I was just editing a paper on schizophrenia and noticed that one of the symptoms of the disease is called *[asociality](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asociality)*. Being *asocial* (lacking a strong motivation to engage in social interaction or preferring solitary activities) is not the same as being *antisocial* (active dislike or antagonism toward other people or the general social order).
One antonym for *asocial* is *gregarious*. To turn that into a pejorative, you can prefix ***hyper-*** or ***ultra-***.
That'll give you:
>
> **[hypersocial](http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hypersocial)** and **hypergregarious**
>
>
>
[M-W 3rd Unabridged says: "Main Entry: **hyper-**
Function:prefix
Etymology:alteration (influenced by Latin hyper-) of Middle English iper-, from Late Latin hyper-, from Latin, from Greek, from *hyper* (more at OVER)
1 : over : above : **beyond** : SUPER- *hyperbarbarous*, *hyperemphasis*
2 : **overmuch** : **excessively** : EXTRA- *hypercritical*, *hypersensitive*
3 a : **excessive** in extent or quality *hyperesthesia*, *hyperemesis*,]
as well as
>
> **ultrasocial** and **ultragregarious**
>
>
>
[M-W 3rd Unabridged says: "Main Entry: **ultra-**
Function: prefix
Etymology: Latin, from *ultra* beyond (adverb & preposition), from abl. singular feminine of (assumed) *ulter* situated beyond (more at ULTERIOR)
3 : **beyond what is common, ordinary, natural, right, proper, or moderate : excessively** : exceedingly : HYPER- *ultracomplex*, *ultracritical*, *ultraformal*, *ultramodern*]
The problem with *ultrasocial*, however, is that [Jonathan Heidt](http://socialmediatoday.com/fgossieaux/555863/importance-reciprocity-ultrasocial-societies) and others have approbatorily appropriated the term to describe human and animal ("[social insects and colonial invertebrates](http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/anthro/faculty/boyd/ultra.pdf)") societies, because most people are social, not asocial or antisocial.
>
> (#)*Hypersocial and ultra-gregarious* are associated with a neurological problem called [Williams Syndrome#](http://lesswrong.com/lw/xd/growing_up_is_hard/) (#: see next paragraph), so using those terms is probably politically incorrect because it implies that the person they're used to describe is "crazy".
>
>
>
(#)"People with Williams Syndrome (caused by deletion of a certain region on chromosome 7) are **hypersocial, ultra-gregarious**; as children they fail to show a normal fear of adult strangers. WSers are cognitively impaired on most dimensions, but their verbal abilities are spared or even exaggerated; they often speak early, with complex sentences and large vocabulary, and excellent verbal recall, even if they can never learn to do basic arithmetic."
That leaves only ***[hyper-gregarious](http://rdd.me/uxu34wki)***, which is used in a medical book to describe one clinical symptom seen in some alcoholics.
Another possibility is to coin words like *sociorrhea*, *sociorrheic*, *gregariorrhea*, and *gregariorrheic*, using *[diarrhea](http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/diarrhea)* and *[logorrhea](http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/logorrhea)* as models, by adding the suffix *[-rrhea](http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/rrhea)*. Those two conditions are considered pretty *obnoxious*, I'd say, and are never used with positive connotations.
A little bit of imagination will take you a long way in the world of neologisms. | I think *familiar* might also fit the bill. As in:
>
> unduly intimate; too personal; taking liberties; presuming: The
> duchess disliked familiar servants.
>
>
>
Source: meaning #5 [here](http://www.dictionary.com/browse/familiar). |
114,744 | I am looking for a pejorative term to describe someone who constantly needs social interaction regardless of quality.
Something along the lines of "social nymphomaniac", but not necessarily gender-specific, and preferably in a single word. I would also prefer it if it were not colloquial. | 2013/05/23 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/114744",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/44737/"
] | I was just editing a paper on schizophrenia and noticed that one of the symptoms of the disease is called *[asociality](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asociality)*. Being *asocial* (lacking a strong motivation to engage in social interaction or preferring solitary activities) is not the same as being *antisocial* (active dislike or antagonism toward other people or the general social order).
One antonym for *asocial* is *gregarious*. To turn that into a pejorative, you can prefix ***hyper-*** or ***ultra-***.
That'll give you:
>
> **[hypersocial](http://en.wiktionary.org/wiki/hypersocial)** and **hypergregarious**
>
>
>
[M-W 3rd Unabridged says: "Main Entry: **hyper-**
Function:prefix
Etymology:alteration (influenced by Latin hyper-) of Middle English iper-, from Late Latin hyper-, from Latin, from Greek, from *hyper* (more at OVER)
1 : over : above : **beyond** : SUPER- *hyperbarbarous*, *hyperemphasis*
2 : **overmuch** : **excessively** : EXTRA- *hypercritical*, *hypersensitive*
3 a : **excessive** in extent or quality *hyperesthesia*, *hyperemesis*,]
as well as
>
> **ultrasocial** and **ultragregarious**
>
>
>
[M-W 3rd Unabridged says: "Main Entry: **ultra-**
Function: prefix
Etymology: Latin, from *ultra* beyond (adverb & preposition), from abl. singular feminine of (assumed) *ulter* situated beyond (more at ULTERIOR)
3 : **beyond what is common, ordinary, natural, right, proper, or moderate : excessively** : exceedingly : HYPER- *ultracomplex*, *ultracritical*, *ultraformal*, *ultramodern*]
The problem with *ultrasocial*, however, is that [Jonathan Heidt](http://socialmediatoday.com/fgossieaux/555863/importance-reciprocity-ultrasocial-societies) and others have approbatorily appropriated the term to describe human and animal ("[social insects and colonial invertebrates](http://www.sscnet.ucla.edu/anthro/faculty/boyd/ultra.pdf)") societies, because most people are social, not asocial or antisocial.
>
> (#)*Hypersocial and ultra-gregarious* are associated with a neurological problem called [Williams Syndrome#](http://lesswrong.com/lw/xd/growing_up_is_hard/) (#: see next paragraph), so using those terms is probably politically incorrect because it implies that the person they're used to describe is "crazy".
>
>
>
(#)"People with Williams Syndrome (caused by deletion of a certain region on chromosome 7) are **hypersocial, ultra-gregarious**; as children they fail to show a normal fear of adult strangers. WSers are cognitively impaired on most dimensions, but their verbal abilities are spared or even exaggerated; they often speak early, with complex sentences and large vocabulary, and excellent verbal recall, even if they can never learn to do basic arithmetic."
That leaves only ***[hyper-gregarious](http://rdd.me/uxu34wki)***, which is used in a medical book to describe one clinical symptom seen in some alcoholics.
Another possibility is to coin words like *sociorrhea*, *sociorrheic*, *gregariorrhea*, and *gregariorrheic*, using *[diarrhea](http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/diarrhea)* and *[logorrhea](http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/logorrhea)* as models, by adding the suffix *[-rrhea](http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/rrhea)*. Those two conditions are considered pretty *obnoxious*, I'd say, and are never used with positive connotations.
A little bit of imagination will take you a long way in the world of neologisms. | Maybe ***"Serial Socializer"***... as in someone who, like a Serial Murderer, can't stop from socializing to the point where he/she becomes a social pariah anywhere that person sets foot in. |
114,744 | I am looking for a pejorative term to describe someone who constantly needs social interaction regardless of quality.
Something along the lines of "social nymphomaniac", but not necessarily gender-specific, and preferably in a single word. I would also prefer it if it were not colloquial. | 2013/05/23 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/114744",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/44737/"
] | I would call such a person *intrusive*, if I were limited to a single word. Some of the synonyms my thesaurus gives for *intrusive* are *presumptuous*, *pushy*, *impertinent*, *officious*, and *forward*. They're all pejorative. An *officious* person offers help, advice, or service where none is wanted. A *presumptuous* person presumes on a degree of familiarity or intimacy that isn't warranted by the actual relationship. Another word for *forward* in this sense is *brash*. | I think [social butterfly](http://www.urbandictionary.com/define.php?term=Social%20Butterfly) would fit most contexts perfectly well...
>
> *Someone who is VERY social and easygoing; can be either a male or a female. Usually these people don’t belong to a particular group, but rather jump from one group to another. They are somewhat accepted in all of them, but don’t really have any deep friendship connections in any of them.*
>
>
>
...but if OP doesn't want a "colloquial" term, perhaps [socialite](https://www.google.co.uk/#q=socialite&tbs=dfn:1&tbo=u&sa=X&ei=emiiUfq0OsGf0QXSi4GoDA&ved=0CC8QkQ4&bav=on.2,or.r_cp.r_qf.&fp=d3d85859a5844b3f&biw=1269&bih=865) would do...
>
> *A person who is well known in fashionable society and is fond of social activities and entertainment.*
>
>
> |
459,904 | Can anyone tell me any possible dangers/risks that could happen if a wire overheats even if it's insulated properly? | 2019/02/10 | [
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/459904",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | Answers to your previous posts related to this subject have pointed out that the primary function of electrical insulation is not to prevent electrical overheating. Assuming you now understand that, I will attempt to answer your current question.
The possible risks are overheating causing thermal degradation of insulation leading to failure of insulation to protect against electric shock, short circuits and ground faults.
The primary concern is for electrical insulation being the “victim” of overheating. Overheating can degrade the electrical insulating properties of insulation so that the insulation no longer provides protection against electric shock. If the insulation is between live conductors or between live conductors and ground, its failure could also increase the risk of short circuits and ground faults increasing the risk of fire and shock. Of course if the overheating is high enough it could directly ignite the insulation.
In order to reduce these risks in the case of general use wiring, the principal safeguard is to reduce the likelihood of overheating. This mainly involves using properly sized conductors for the intended currents and coordinating that with properly sized overcurrent protection (fuses and circuit breakers).
Insulation can also be subjected to thermal degradation due to exposure to high temperatures in its environment, such as contact with high temperature external surfaces. If the temperatures are known insulation with an adequate temperature rating should be used.
This only touches on the subject. But I hope it gives you a better understanding. | When electric wires overheat, there are several dangers.
As was said, if the temperature is high enough, the rubber insulator may melt away. The melted rubber, if it alights on a flammable substance, may cause fires. But also, the now exposed wire wilol not only be an electrocution danger, it causes current to bleed out to the sorroundings. This lessens the power feeding the equipment as a side effect. Although this was already said.
And also, we know that the resistance of a metal depends on its temperature. As temperature increases, resistance decreases. As resistance decreases, current increases. According to Ohms law.
In the case that there are electrical appliances or components attached across the wire, the current may go over the set limit and blow the equipment. |
54,064 | We have several sites that would like to aggregate all the analytics details, along with the individual site details.
AFAIK, there isn't a way to do this from the GA interface. Is it alright to add another GA code to each site to allow us to track all details from one GA property? | 2013/10/14 | [
"https://webmasters.stackexchange.com/questions/54064",
"https://webmasters.stackexchange.com",
"https://webmasters.stackexchange.com/users/16214/"
] | I think Google already has a solution for your requirement, check [this](https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/gajs/gaTrackingSite) for more details. | Look at: <https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/gajs/gaTrackingSite> for more information on how to solve this problem. |
54,064 | We have several sites that would like to aggregate all the analytics details, along with the individual site details.
AFAIK, there isn't a way to do this from the GA interface. Is it alright to add another GA code to each site to allow us to track all details from one GA property? | 2013/10/14 | [
"https://webmasters.stackexchange.com/questions/54064",
"https://webmasters.stackexchange.com",
"https://webmasters.stackexchange.com/users/16214/"
] | [From Google](https://support.google.com/analytics/answer/1032400?hl=en) on multiple tracking codes:
>
> Installing multiple instances of the Google Analytics Tracking code on a single web page is not a supported implementation. We suggest you remove all but one instance, and make sure you have the code from the correct view installed on every page you would like to track.
>
>
>
You may be interested in the answer to the question [How to display combined stats for multiple domains in Google Analytics?](https://webmasters.stackexchange.com/questions/50565/how-to-display-combined-stats-for-multiple-domains-in-google-analytics) by [dan](https://webmasters.stackexchange.com/users/28389/dan)
>
> According to [this](http://productforums.google.com/forum/#!topic/analytics/Fabj1bWqHo4) post in the Google Analytics forum, the new [Universal Analytics](https://support.google.com/analytics/answer/2790010?hl=en&ref_topic=2790009) (in Beta) provides the ability to use the same tracking code across all your sites.
>
>
> This will require creating a new profile, which should then display the option to use "Universal Analytics" instead of "Classic Analytics". For more on how to setup Universal Analytics, see [this](https://support.google.com/analytics/answer/2817075?hl=en&ref_topic=2790009).
>
>
> For tracking multiple domains with Classic Analytics, see this: [Google Analytics - Set up cross-domain tracking for multiple domains.](https://support.google.com/analytics/answer/1034342?hl=en&ref_topic=2772342)
>
>
> There are also numerous web analytics applications that can be added to analyze your web server's logs for all your sites. You might find it easier to use one of these apart from Google Analytics to monitor your web server's usage. For a list of these, see: [List of web analytics software](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_web_analytics_software)
>
>
> | I think Google already has a solution for your requirement, check [this](https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/gajs/gaTrackingSite) for more details. |
54,064 | We have several sites that would like to aggregate all the analytics details, along with the individual site details.
AFAIK, there isn't a way to do this from the GA interface. Is it alright to add another GA code to each site to allow us to track all details from one GA property? | 2013/10/14 | [
"https://webmasters.stackexchange.com/questions/54064",
"https://webmasters.stackexchange.com",
"https://webmasters.stackexchange.com/users/16214/"
] | [From Google](https://support.google.com/analytics/answer/1032400?hl=en) on multiple tracking codes:
>
> Installing multiple instances of the Google Analytics Tracking code on a single web page is not a supported implementation. We suggest you remove all but one instance, and make sure you have the code from the correct view installed on every page you would like to track.
>
>
>
You may be interested in the answer to the question [How to display combined stats for multiple domains in Google Analytics?](https://webmasters.stackexchange.com/questions/50565/how-to-display-combined-stats-for-multiple-domains-in-google-analytics) by [dan](https://webmasters.stackexchange.com/users/28389/dan)
>
> According to [this](http://productforums.google.com/forum/#!topic/analytics/Fabj1bWqHo4) post in the Google Analytics forum, the new [Universal Analytics](https://support.google.com/analytics/answer/2790010?hl=en&ref_topic=2790009) (in Beta) provides the ability to use the same tracking code across all your sites.
>
>
> This will require creating a new profile, which should then display the option to use "Universal Analytics" instead of "Classic Analytics". For more on how to setup Universal Analytics, see [this](https://support.google.com/analytics/answer/2817075?hl=en&ref_topic=2790009).
>
>
> For tracking multiple domains with Classic Analytics, see this: [Google Analytics - Set up cross-domain tracking for multiple domains.](https://support.google.com/analytics/answer/1034342?hl=en&ref_topic=2772342)
>
>
> There are also numerous web analytics applications that can be added to analyze your web server's logs for all your sites. You might find it easier to use one of these apart from Google Analytics to monitor your web server's usage. For a list of these, see: [List of web analytics software](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_web_analytics_software)
>
>
> | Look at: <https://developers.google.com/analytics/devguides/collection/gajs/gaTrackingSite> for more information on how to solve this problem. |
30,687 | Early Christians used the term **[theosis](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theosis_%28Eastern_Orthodox_theology%29)**, which puts forth a "exaltation", "divinization" deification concept which the Eastern orthodox church still holds today.
>
> [T]he Word of God became man, that thou mayest learn from man how man may become God.
>
>
> For if one knows himself, he will know God; and knowing God, he will be made like God
>
>
> [H]is is beauty, the true beauty, for it is God; and that man becomes God, since God so wills. Heraclitus, then, rightly said, “Men are gods, and gods are men.” For the Word Himself is the manifest mystery: God in man, and man God.
>
> — Clement of Alexandria (c. 150-215)
>
>
>
A lot of Christians see salvation as entrance into the kingdom in a general sense instead of as a process of becoming more and more god-like through eternity. My impression is that the church in the west doesn't even think in terms of the ideal theosis any more.
Is the doctrine of theosis actually contrary to Evangelical Protestants today? Is it actually a different soteriology or has the emphasis just shifted for other reasons | 2014/07/07 | [
"https://christianity.stackexchange.com/questions/30687",
"https://christianity.stackexchange.com",
"https://christianity.stackexchange.com/users/9129/"
] | My short answer is **yes**, they are compatible but you're correct to observe a shift in emphasis.
The reason for the divergence in eastern and western thought is that in the Bible there are a variety of different analogies and explanations for the nature of salvation. The west at some point latched more onto the juridicial/courtroom analogies, while the east latched more onto what Adolf von Harnack described as "mystical" explanations. Donald Fairbairn, an evangelical and a professor of patristics, analyzes and (to a degree) critiques this narrative. Says Fairbairn:
>
> The rise of the penitential system and the notion of the Mass as a re-sacrifice of Christ at the beginning of the Middle Ages, the Anselmian revolution in atonement doctrine in the 11th century, and the crystallizing of the sacramental system in the 12th–13th centuries all served to solidify this juridical soteriology [in the west], in which salvation was seen as a state before God. Furthermore, it seems to me that the Reformers did little to reverse the juridical trajectory of the Western Church. Granted, the Reformers gave a radically different answer to the question of how one attains a right standing before God, but most of them did not fundamentally alter the general idea that salvation is primarily juridical in character.
>
>
>
Elsewhere in his article, he emphasizes that, for many of the fathers, the idea of theosis was not so much sharing God's *qualities* but rather sharing in the *fellowship* between the *persons* of the trinity. This idea, while not wrapped in the language of theosis, is huge in the recent evangelical book [Delighting in the Trinity](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/0830839836).
Athanasius is often regarded as giving the idea of theosis the best and clearest expression in the early church. Analyzing his writings on the topic, Philip Edgecombe Hughes defines Athanasius' concept of theosis as:
>
> the reintegration of the divine image of man’s creation through the sanctifying work of the Holy Spirit conforming the redeemed into the likeness of Christ, and also of the believer’s transition from mortality to immortality so that he is enabled to participate in the eternal bliss and glory of the kingdom of God. (P. E. Hughes, The True Image (Grand Rapids: Eerdmans, 1989) pg 281. Quoted in Robert Rakestraw, Becoming Like God: An Evangelical Doctrine of Theosis)
>
>
>
So defined, the doctrine is compatible with various evangelical soteriological frameworks. Ultimately, the doctrine of theosis gets its support from the Bible. There are a number of passages speaking directly or indirectly of it, but 2 Peter 1:4 is the best place to start:
>
> And because of his glory and excellence, he has given us great and precious promises. These are the **promises that enable you to share his divine nature** and escape the world's corruption caused by human desires.
>
>
>
Throughout history, though the western *emphasis* has been on juridicial explanations for salvation, recent scholarship says deification language isn't entirely absent in the west historically:
>
> Many assume that the patristic notion of deification is absent from the mainstreams of post-patristic Western theology. Recent scholarship, however, identifies deification in **Augustine, Aquinas, Luther, early Anglicanism, early Methodism and Jonathan Edwards** -- all fountainheads of Western theology. This article contends that deification is also present in **Calvin's theology**. It is not a prominent theme in its own right and some of the bolder patristic terminology is not employed. Nonetheless, the concept and imagery of deification regularly appear on stage while other doctrines are explicated. **For Calvin, deification is the eschatological goal and blessing greater than which nothing can be imagined.** (Carl Mosser, *The Greatest Possible Blessing: Calvin and Deification*, Abstract)
>
>
>
I write from a reformed perspective so Calvin is the most significant of the bunch for me. In reformed thought the terminology of [union with Christ](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Union_with_Christ) is often employed to express this idea. The seventeenth century work [The Life of God in the Soul of Man](http://www.ccel.org/s/scougal/life/) is a classic on the topic.
Really, what "theosis" expresses is the idea of sanctification (becoming more holy and more like Christ) and glorification (being finally so like Christ as to radiate with glory) wrapped into one. The reformers emphasized the distinction between these things and justification in order to emphasize that our union with Christ, while synergistic, is not possible without God unilaterally (monergistically) declaring us righteous first. Orthodox and Catholic thought don't make this distinction. Therefore, in Protestant thought, salvation and justification are often equated and therefore spoken of juridicially, even while recognizing that the goal of our justification is to reflect God's glory more and more.
While the language, and even a lot of the underlying theology, may be different between east and west and between Protestants and non-Protestants, the idea of becoming like God in our salvation is not foreign to evangelicalism. [John Piper](http://www.desiringgod.org/biographies/contending-for-our-all), an evangelical pastor, briefly touches on this in his spoken biography of Athanasius (though it doesn't seem to be in the abridged transcript).
The goal of entering God's kingdom *is* to enter into fellowship with him. | Theosis is really more of a non-issue.
Comparing two faiths with (more or less) the same scriptures means that this is going to have some extra-scriptural material. These are some well-researched, thoughtful articles on the subject.
[Becoming like God:
Am Evangelical Doctrine of Theosis](http://www.etsjets.org/files/JETS-PDFs/40/40-2/40-2-pp257-269_JETS.pdf)
>
> The idea of divinization, of redeemed human nature somehow participating in the very life of God, is found to a surprising extent throughout Christian history, although it is practically unknown to the majority of Christians (and even many theologians) in the west.
>
>
>
This paper is supportive of theosis being compatible with evangelical Christianity.
>
> While there are weaknesses in theosis theology, the strengths are considerable. The doctrine of divinization merits the ongoing attention of Scripture scholars, theologians and pastors who desire to provide significant resources to Christians in their quest to become like God.
>
>
>
For a good response, read [A Case for Progressive Sanctification: Responding to the Doctrine of Theosis in Evangelicalism](http://sbcvoices.com/a-case-for-progressive-sanctification-responding-to-the-doctrine-of-theosis-in-evangelicalism/)
The conclusion is that evangelical Christianty could be construed to be compatible with or believe in theosis, but its really comes down to what you mean when "man becomes like God".
>
> If theosis affirms more than progressive sanctification, yet does not make God human or unite God to sin, and does not deify humans (theosis) ontologically, then we should use the term "progressive sanctification" instead of "theosis" since this theosis is in name only.
>
>
>
Evangelical Christianity does not really address theosis. The word just isn't in the vocabulary.
It's can technically be compatible with some interpretation of it, but it would usually be a misleading description. |
230,260 | Okay right, so I'm fairly new to DF but have managed to get a semi-sizeable base up and running with some fortifications and a (I hope) half-decent military. Anyways, we're nearly at the third year and haven't been attacked, raided or besieged and I'm starting to wonder why nothing has come along when I've read that everything is out to kill you! Is there a way to force people to attack you just for the hell of it?
Edit: I just got besieged by goblins, guess they had a bit of a treck and I slaughtered an elven caravan, so lets see what the consequences of that are... | 2015/07/31 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/230260",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/120045/"
] | There is a few reasons why you've not had anyone attack...
Normally attacks occur after your fortress has exceeded a certain value, and if you haven't yet passed this then you won't get many/any attackers. You can try engraving to raise the value of the fort, to cause some attackers to come.
Also, it's possible that the attackers are far far away, this means they'll take longer to get to you, sometimes a number of years can pass without incident, only to suddenly get attacked when you were starting to think there was nothing out there, and you'd recycled those walls to build more bedrooms...
And finally it's possible there isn't anything out there. Sometimes other civilizations will be wiped out, or simply never spawn due to the spawning mechanics (which in turn effects the world generation.)
To see if you've maybe been involved in wars/attacks/other things and not realised (maybe a dog scared off a sneaky goblin you didn't notice?) hit `C` and it'll show ANY civ's you've interacted with, be that by wars, or trade (and it'll show the dwarven civ you've come from).
If you're looking for a fight, dig deeper brave dwarf... | Here's a couple simple things to check:
1. It is entirely possible that during world gen all other civilizations have died off. If this is the case, you will never get invaded, etc., though you should still come under fire from Mega and Forgotten Beasts. A subset of this case is embarking on an isolated island or continent -- there might be elves or goblins in the world, they just can't *reach* you. You can check this by viewing the neighbors tab on the embark screen. (Press Tab to change modes)
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/c4CyQ.png)
(If the neighbors tab only has Dwarves, you will never be invaded / receive traders)
2. You have not met the Wealth Threshold for invasions and/or megabeasts. Just make more stuff, and they will come!
3. Invaders are turned off in the config. Check "d\_init.txt" inside /installation\_folder/data/init to see what the settings are. There are also "d\_init.txt" files within each save directory, so you can tweak these on a game-by-game basis. Depending on where you downloaded the game from, this might have been set to "OFF".
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/FLhLd.png) |
62,423 | I have 2 switches in my bathroom: a fan (power comes into the fan and it's just a simple black/white to the switch) and a switch/outlet GFCI combo where the switch powers the lights but the outlet always has power (power comes in at the box with separate line to the lights)
It seems very backwards to anyone hitting switches that the small switch is the lights and single large switch is the fan, thus I want to swap them.
First, based on the configuration, is it possible to do a simple swap for the switches? I don't care if the fan would be GFCI protected or not using that switch. However, based on this [question](https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/25814/how-do-i-wire-a-gfci-combination-light-switch-when-power-enters-at-the-light?lq=1) I have a feeling it's not possible? (Apologies if this isn't possible and you'd consider the question a duplicate, I'm being optimistic this situation is different enough I can rewrite it)
If it is possible can anyone point me at a diagram on how I'd wire this up?
If helpful, here's a picture of how it's wired now (power in, lights, fan)
 | 2015/03/22 | [
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/62423",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/34860/"
] | You should be able to simply swap the switches.
This is your current wiring (grounds have been removed to make it less confusing).
There should be no problem with you swapping the switches like so...
 | Cheating your question a little bit
But what about 2 deora switch in one of the 2 gang box
google B000FKDMAU
The light on the top and the fan on the bottom, seems reasonable
And a GFI of your choice in the other space |
1 | We should consider what will appear in our FAQ as well as the guiding tone of questions to open the site. | 2011/01/31 | [
"https://quant.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/1",
"https://quant.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://quant.meta.stackexchange.com/users/35/"
] | I agree with *chrisaycock*, though I think a more broad subject list would be appropriate.
Have a look at the [subjects covered](http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/rquf) by "**Quantitative Finance**" journal. I think it's a nice guideline. Sometimes it's hard to say what is "quant" and what is general finance, but subjectively I would rather err on covering more ground than eliminating interesting topics just because they are not "quant" enough (of course I mean graduate/academic level finance).
The journal covers:
>
> * Agent-based modelling
> * Anomalies in prices
> * Asset-liability modelling
> * List item
> * Behavioural finance
> * Bounded rationality
> * Corporate finance
> * Corporate valuation
> * Derivatives pricing and hedging
> * Evolutionary game theory
> * Experimental finance
> * Extreme risks and insurance
> * Financial econometrics
> * Financial engineering
> * Learning adaptation
> * Liquidity modelling
> * Market dynamics and prediction
> * Market microstructure
> * Operational risk modelling
> * Portfolio management
> * Price formation
> * Risk management
> * Trading systems
> * Web-based financial services
>
>
> | My own view is that this should cover graduate-level material for professionals and MFEs. This can include:
* derivatives pricing
* risk assessment
* portfolio construction
* statistical arbitrage
* high-frequency trading
---
As for what should appear on the FAQ, perhaps include a few links to the broad-topic (ie, beginner) items that we want to keep off the main site.
<http://www.quantnet.com/master-reading-list-for-quants/> |
1 | We should consider what will appear in our FAQ as well as the guiding tone of questions to open the site. | 2011/01/31 | [
"https://quant.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/1",
"https://quant.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://quant.meta.stackexchange.com/users/35/"
] | I agree with *chrisaycock*, though I think a more broad subject list would be appropriate.
Have a look at the [subjects covered](http://www.tandf.co.uk/journals/rquf) by "**Quantitative Finance**" journal. I think it's a nice guideline. Sometimes it's hard to say what is "quant" and what is general finance, but subjectively I would rather err on covering more ground than eliminating interesting topics just because they are not "quant" enough (of course I mean graduate/academic level finance).
The journal covers:
>
> * Agent-based modelling
> * Anomalies in prices
> * Asset-liability modelling
> * List item
> * Behavioural finance
> * Bounded rationality
> * Corporate finance
> * Corporate valuation
> * Derivatives pricing and hedging
> * Evolutionary game theory
> * Experimental finance
> * Extreme risks and insurance
> * Financial econometrics
> * Financial engineering
> * Learning adaptation
> * Liquidity modelling
> * Market dynamics and prediction
> * Market microstructure
> * Operational risk modelling
> * Portfolio management
> * Price formation
> * Risk management
> * Trading systems
> * Web-based financial services
>
>
> | I don't know, but this is definitely the right question to be asking. Right now the questions are either super noobish or about some very specific model that's not clarified.
For example the questions about "local stochastic volatility model" and "real options valuation model" ... obviously there is not just one such thing. It seems like the askers have a page of a book open and are seeing some terms they want to explore more.
Maybe we can prompt question-askers to tell us what book they're getting the question from, when appropriate. |
63,939 | I recently got in a discussion with a man claiming that there is more reliable historical proof of the existence of Jesus Christ than of Julius Caesar.
On face value, this claim seems ridiculous — ignoring everything else, one would think that an emperor, politician, general, etc. of one of the most powerful nations in the world living around the same time would have left tremendously more reliable proof of his existence than a leader of, at the time, a minor religious group.
His main argument was that the oldest copy of a text talking about Jesus we have was older than the oldest copy of a document we have about the famous emperor, and that ones about Jesus are more consistent.
The unfortunate thing about trying to find the answer to this question by myself is that, when I search for proof of Caesar etc. on Google, the results page is covered by heavily religious websites, seemingly repeating this argument, but without good sources (apart from references to other religious books), and most of them look as if they were from mid-2000. (My guess would be it was a popular argument at some point?)
Wikipedia has a list of primary sources, but, according to this person, they don't count because the oldest copy of, for example, Julius' works about his conquest of Gaul were copied 600 years after his death, so they are more likely a fabrication/fake than the Bible, so seemingly only "old" manuscripts count.
Side note: Finding information on how old the oldest manuscripts of the Bible are is very easy, finding the same information about any books in the primary sources list on Wikipedia is the opposite.
So my question is, **what are the best primary sources I could point to regarding the existence of Julius Caesar**, where only manuscripts/objects from the period "count" (so, if a historian who wrote about him was a contemporary, but the oldest copy of the work we have is from 500 years after, it doesn't count, also coins with his face don't count apparently).
I just found the topic interesting. I would also be grateful for hints on how to best find this type of information in the future. | 2021/05/17 | [
"https://history.stackexchange.com/questions/63939",
"https://history.stackexchange.com",
"https://history.stackexchange.com/users/50007/"
] | The claim to analyze and compare here is that for 'mentioning Jesus' we have many more existing manuscripts that are much older than many and most manuscripts for almost any other historical person of antiquity. And *that overly specific* claim is correct.
If we just compare Caesar with Jesus, in that way, Caesar almost loses. "Almost", since the bulk of manuscripts by Caesar or about him undoubtedly are lost now. However, one tiny and exceedingly rare counterexample is shown below.
The oldest fragment *for* 'Jesus' is the [recto of the Rylands Library Papyrus P52, 52 / 52](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rylands_Library_Papyrus_P52):
>
> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/r4f7o.jpg)
>
>
> ΟΙ ΙΟΥΔΑΙΟΙ ΗΜΕΙΝ ΟΥΚ ΕΞΕΣΤΙΝ ΑΠΟΚΤΕΙΝΑΙ
> ΟΥΔΕΝΑ ΙΝΑ Ο ΛΟΓΟΣ ΤΟΥ ΙΗΣΟΥ ΠΛΗΡΩΘΗ ΟΝ ΕΙ-
> ΠΕΝ ΣΗΜΑΙΝΩΝ
>
>
>
And this is dated to be an 'original copy' from between first and 3 century. Note that the actual word 'Jesus' is missing in this piece, but assumed to be 'has to be there' from later and more complete papyrii. For a direct evidence of that word we need to look at the slightly younger [90,](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Papyrus_90) in which we find the part of the Gospel of John that mentions Jesus wearing a crown thorns.
The [list of extant biblical manuscripts is long](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_New_Testament_papyri).
>
> The New Testament has been preserved in more manuscripts than any other ancient work of literature, with over 5,800 complete or fragmented Greek manuscripts catalogued, 10,000 Latin manuscripts and 9,300 manuscripts in various other ancient languages…
>
> — [WP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biblical_manuscript#New_Testament_manuscripts)
>
>
>
Compared to for example Caesar's *Commentarii de bello Gallico* one might argue that this is seen as at least being from Caesar himself as the original author.
But unfortunately the oldest known manuscripts for this work date only to the ninth century.
>
> Caesar's literary fame in modern times is founded solely on the comm., which were published posthumously in the Middle Ages as part of the Corpus Caesarianum; rarely read in antiquity, they survived in a late-antique MSS (corrected in the BG ?), which in the Middle Ages was transmitted in a few copies, mainly in France.
>
>
> — Will, Wolfgang (Bonn) and Rüpke, Jörg (Erfurt), “Caesar”, in: Brill’s New Pauly, Antiquity volumes edited by: Hubert Cancik and , Helmuth Schneider, English Edition by: Christine F. Salazar, Classical Tradition volumes edited by: Manfred Landfester, English Edition by: Francis G. Gentry. First published online: 2006 [doi](http://dx.doi.org.wwwdb.dbod.de/10.1163/1574-9347_bnp_e223930)
>
>
>
And that [caesarian literary heritage of *bello Gallico* is summarised as:](https://www.roger-pearse.com/weblog/2011/01/08/the-manuscripts-of-caesars-works/)
>
> Alpha family
>
>
> There are 6 early witnesses to the alpha family. Two derive from a common lost ancestor: these are:
>
>
> * Amsterdam 73, 2nd quarter of the 9th century, written at Fleury (=A)
> * Paris lat. 5056, 11-12th century, written at Moissac (=Q)
> The remaining four derive from another now lost ms:
> * Paris lat. 5763, 1st quarter of the 9th century, French, later at Fleury (=B)
> * Vatican lat. 3864, 3rd quarter of the 9th century, written at Corbie (=M)
> * Florence, Laur. Ashb. 33, 10th century, possibly French (=S)
> * British Library Additional 10084, 11-12th century, probably from Gembloux (=L)
> Some 75 mss later than the 9th century have been listed by Virginia Brown, who has classified them into groupings tentatively.
>
>
> Beta family
>
>
> The Klotz edition of 1950 used 8 mss, although at least 3 of these are now considered to be non-primary. The five are:
>
>
> * Florence, Laur. 68.8, basically 10-11th century, probably Italian, once the property of Niccolo Niccoli (=W)
> * Vatican latinus 3324, 11-12th century, possibly French (=U)
> * Paris lat. 5764, 3rd quarter of the 11th century, French (=T)
> * Vienna 95, 1st quarter of the 12th century, probably from Trier (=V)
>
>
>
With Paris 5763:
>
> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/NBUot.jpg)
>
>
> — ark:/12148/btv1b8426038x [Bibliothèque nationale de France. Département des Manuscrits. Latin 5763](https://gallica.bnf.fr/ark:/12148/btv1b8426038x/f5.image)
>
>
>
The same applies to other authors writing about Caesar: their works are sometimes known to us today but, the historical literary transmission of ancient texts is much sparser and temporally more removed from the actual time they lived than New Testament writings. Most of the manuscripts containing information about 'profane' historical figures are high and late medieval copies.
Of course:
one of the best contemporary primary sources for providing historical proof of Caesar's existence would be to point to more robust than papyrus material remains, like inscriptions in stone or metal, perhaps even a [coin](https://coinweek.com/ancient-coins/coinweek-ancient-coin-series-coins-julius-caesar/) that the man had issued himself, sometimes with his name or [even head](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman_currency#Imperial_period:_27_BC_-_AD_476) on it.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/1BE0n.gif)
[A thing we're told Jesus didn't care for that much.](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Render_unto_Caesar)
---
This answer so far avoids 'the question in title on purpose'. The 'best primary sources for the existence of Caesar' is really a XY-problem. Answering the title question as is, would mean that 'claimant to be disproven' and OP will talk past each other, largely.
We have comparatively 'hard' objects which point to Julius Caesar directly, like [CIG 2957](https://epigraphy.packhum.org/text/248666):
>
> Honorary inscription for Gaius Iulius Caesar by poleis, [demoi], and ethne (of Hellenes) in Asia; 48 BC; found at Ephesos: CIG 2957; LW 142; Syll3 760; Tuchelt, Frühe Denkm. 141; \*IEph 251.
>
>
>
However, there probably is one striking example fulfilling all the requirements needed to get a surviving manuscript from the time of Caesar's assassination:
>
> Fata mihi, Caesar, tum erunt mea dulcia, quom tu / maxima Romanae pars eris historiae / postque tuum reditum multorum templa deorum / fixa legam spolieis deivitiora tueis.
>
>
>
This is Latin poetry written by [Gaius Cornelius Gallus (c. 70–26 BC)](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cornelius_Gallus). Coincidence: this is classified as PQasrIbrîm inv. 78-3-11/ (L1/2) and also portrayed as
>
> [The Oldest Surviving Manuscript of Latin Poetry Was Discovered in Qasr Ibrim — Circa 50 BCE to 25 CE.](https://www.historyofinformation.com/detail.php?id=4050)
>
>
> [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/uxBMQ.jpg)
>
>
> "The book can be dated from its archaeological context, more precisely (c.50-20 B.C.) or less precisely (c.50 B.C.- A.D. 25). It therefore provides one of the few fixed points in the early history of Latin literary scripts."
>
>
>
But what the claim brought forward alludes to is the undeniable fact that for a text from classical antiquity the literary transmission of New Testament writings is indeed remarkably well, in many cases going back far with little variants and alterations as evidenced from the oldest copies we did find. The vast body of classical *literature* seems to be present in our finds only in often *much* younger copies, and with *fewer* copies. Some of those then also with heavy disagreements between them.
For literature from classical antiquity the claim has a sizable kernel of truth to it. Many of the otherwise seemingly well known historical figures can be seen as being harder to ascertain as being 'real' than the main protagonist of the gospels, if going by oldest surviving manuscripts alone. Unfortunately, that on its own doesn't even prove the existence of said protagonist without remaining doubts…
At the beginning of this answer, we read "*almost* any other historical person of antiquity". Since that claim is often phrased as "better evidence for (absolutely) any other historical figure", and meant to convey 'any source material at all *included'* we see that this special viewing angle is then taken to extreme exaggerations that is simply untrue.
A more fitting comparison would be to compare literary transmission for Sokrates and Jesus and the value of this transmission history for 'judging things'. Known basically only through writings about him, mainly by his disciple, whose writings are of quite late provenience, etc. That would not prove anything either on its own, but illustrates the sometimes differing scales that are applied in these matters in disputes. | This claim not only seems ridiculous but it really is ridiculous. About Ceasar we have plenty of contemporary sources, and they are not limited to later copies of ancient texts. There are coins, inscriptions on stone, etc. And finally, a lot of texts. It is true that all texts that we have are actually later copies of the originals but the point is that they are all consistent with each other, and can be corroborated in many ways.
On the other hand, on Christ we have only gospels written many years after his supposed death, and one sentence in Josephus. The gospels themselves are not trustworthy, since they describe miracles etc., and contradict each other in details. |
12,620 | I'm a first year student in Computer Science and we all have big problems with math here. We study real analysis, elementary set theory, linear algebra and discrete math and we seek help wherever we can. I decided to give math.stackexchange.com a try, and this site saved my sorry butt numerous times already. I told my friends about it, but then I realised that perhaps inviting even more clueless students, who only ask questions and don't really contribute anything to this site, is not a good idea? I'm really, really grateful for the community of math stackexchange and I don't want to do something wrong to it.
Edit: to make it clear: I confess to being that kind of student. I ask only questions here and I can't provide any answers, even though I try. So that's why I assume my colleagues would act similarly, and I don't judge or blame them for that.
So, tl;dr: is inviting more students (who will only ask questions) to math stackexchange good etiquette? | 2014/01/29 | [
"https://math.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/12620",
"https://math.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://math.meta.stackexchange.com/users/105582/"
] | Answer:question ratios are imbalanced on an individual level and always have been. People make their own free choice to spend the time answering your question(s) or not.
The only thing you can do wrong is to ask questions without searching first to see if it's already been answered. | Another point which is worth pointing out (imho) is that you're a first year student. Most of us started (assumption) out with little knowledge.
As you progress in your studies you will be able to answer more questions - that holds true for pretty much everybody.
Therefore it is OK to refer others to this site, as long as - as has been pointed out already - you don't ask the same question multiple times and if you try to contribute answers. |
12,620 | I'm a first year student in Computer Science and we all have big problems with math here. We study real analysis, elementary set theory, linear algebra and discrete math and we seek help wherever we can. I decided to give math.stackexchange.com a try, and this site saved my sorry butt numerous times already. I told my friends about it, but then I realised that perhaps inviting even more clueless students, who only ask questions and don't really contribute anything to this site, is not a good idea? I'm really, really grateful for the community of math stackexchange and I don't want to do something wrong to it.
Edit: to make it clear: I confess to being that kind of student. I ask only questions here and I can't provide any answers, even though I try. So that's why I assume my colleagues would act similarly, and I don't judge or blame them for that.
So, tl;dr: is inviting more students (who will only ask questions) to math stackexchange good etiquette? | 2014/01/29 | [
"https://math.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/12620",
"https://math.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://math.meta.stackexchange.com/users/105582/"
] | Answer:question ratios are imbalanced on an individual level and always have been. People make their own free choice to spend the time answering your question(s) or not.
The only thing you can do wrong is to ask questions without searching first to see if it's already been answered. | I started off on Stack Overflow asking only questions, and it took a good year or two for me to start answering them. Now, I'm up above a 1:2 answer:question ratio and improving. Some of my answers were to old questions that had no good answer, and I was able to provide a great answer that quickly builds rep and thus proves that the old question was in need of an answer. [See here for example](https://stackoverflow.com/a/21024592/343302).
You and your friends might place a small burden on the site today, but by filling up the site with good questions you are in fact helping others. And later you and your friends might start contributing answers as well, which the site will need as it grows. |
12,620 | I'm a first year student in Computer Science and we all have big problems with math here. We study real analysis, elementary set theory, linear algebra and discrete math and we seek help wherever we can. I decided to give math.stackexchange.com a try, and this site saved my sorry butt numerous times already. I told my friends about it, but then I realised that perhaps inviting even more clueless students, who only ask questions and don't really contribute anything to this site, is not a good idea? I'm really, really grateful for the community of math stackexchange and I don't want to do something wrong to it.
Edit: to make it clear: I confess to being that kind of student. I ask only questions here and I can't provide any answers, even though I try. So that's why I assume my colleagues would act similarly, and I don't judge or blame them for that.
So, tl;dr: is inviting more students (who will only ask questions) to math stackexchange good etiquette? | 2014/01/29 | [
"https://math.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/12620",
"https://math.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://math.meta.stackexchange.com/users/105582/"
] | Answer:question ratios are imbalanced on an individual level and always have been. People make their own free choice to spend the time answering your question(s) or not.
The only thing you can do wrong is to ask questions without searching first to see if it's already been answered. | There are many SE sites where I will always have more of causal interest than regular users do, and I will not become someone who can answer as many questions as I ask. That can't be helped.
Even in Math.SE, where my interest is more than casual, there are many people here who are much quicker than I am even on topics I know about. It's great that there are so many people who can help so quickly. So it turns out that most questions that I could answer already have good answers by the time that I see them, and even if I see a question I can answer immediately after it's posted, there's a good chance that someone else will complete a good answer before I finish my answer, and my answer then doesn't contribute anything. I don't think this situation will change with time, either. So I answer questions when I can, and I'm happy to do so, but I don't worry about the fact that I can't contribute as much to Math.SE as I get out of it.
Instead, I contribute to other SE sites where I can be more helpful. On other SE sites, I am able to answer more questions more helpfully. |
12,620 | I'm a first year student in Computer Science and we all have big problems with math here. We study real analysis, elementary set theory, linear algebra and discrete math and we seek help wherever we can. I decided to give math.stackexchange.com a try, and this site saved my sorry butt numerous times already. I told my friends about it, but then I realised that perhaps inviting even more clueless students, who only ask questions and don't really contribute anything to this site, is not a good idea? I'm really, really grateful for the community of math stackexchange and I don't want to do something wrong to it.
Edit: to make it clear: I confess to being that kind of student. I ask only questions here and I can't provide any answers, even though I try. So that's why I assume my colleagues would act similarly, and I don't judge or blame them for that.
So, tl;dr: is inviting more students (who will only ask questions) to math stackexchange good etiquette? | 2014/01/29 | [
"https://math.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/12620",
"https://math.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://math.meta.stackexchange.com/users/105582/"
] | There's no issue with inviting your fellow students to the site. But **please** be sure to coordinate amongst you, so that no two students ask the same question (it has happened with a set theory course earlier this year). | Another point which is worth pointing out (imho) is that you're a first year student. Most of us started (assumption) out with little knowledge.
As you progress in your studies you will be able to answer more questions - that holds true for pretty much everybody.
Therefore it is OK to refer others to this site, as long as - as has been pointed out already - you don't ask the same question multiple times and if you try to contribute answers. |
12,620 | I'm a first year student in Computer Science and we all have big problems with math here. We study real analysis, elementary set theory, linear algebra and discrete math and we seek help wherever we can. I decided to give math.stackexchange.com a try, and this site saved my sorry butt numerous times already. I told my friends about it, but then I realised that perhaps inviting even more clueless students, who only ask questions and don't really contribute anything to this site, is not a good idea? I'm really, really grateful for the community of math stackexchange and I don't want to do something wrong to it.
Edit: to make it clear: I confess to being that kind of student. I ask only questions here and I can't provide any answers, even though I try. So that's why I assume my colleagues would act similarly, and I don't judge or blame them for that.
So, tl;dr: is inviting more students (who will only ask questions) to math stackexchange good etiquette? | 2014/01/29 | [
"https://math.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/12620",
"https://math.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://math.meta.stackexchange.com/users/105582/"
] | There's no issue with inviting your fellow students to the site. But **please** be sure to coordinate amongst you, so that no two students ask the same question (it has happened with a set theory course earlier this year). | I started off on Stack Overflow asking only questions, and it took a good year or two for me to start answering them. Now, I'm up above a 1:2 answer:question ratio and improving. Some of my answers were to old questions that had no good answer, and I was able to provide a great answer that quickly builds rep and thus proves that the old question was in need of an answer. [See here for example](https://stackoverflow.com/a/21024592/343302).
You and your friends might place a small burden on the site today, but by filling up the site with good questions you are in fact helping others. And later you and your friends might start contributing answers as well, which the site will need as it grows. |
12,620 | I'm a first year student in Computer Science and we all have big problems with math here. We study real analysis, elementary set theory, linear algebra and discrete math and we seek help wherever we can. I decided to give math.stackexchange.com a try, and this site saved my sorry butt numerous times already. I told my friends about it, but then I realised that perhaps inviting even more clueless students, who only ask questions and don't really contribute anything to this site, is not a good idea? I'm really, really grateful for the community of math stackexchange and I don't want to do something wrong to it.
Edit: to make it clear: I confess to being that kind of student. I ask only questions here and I can't provide any answers, even though I try. So that's why I assume my colleagues would act similarly, and I don't judge or blame them for that.
So, tl;dr: is inviting more students (who will only ask questions) to math stackexchange good etiquette? | 2014/01/29 | [
"https://math.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/12620",
"https://math.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://math.meta.stackexchange.com/users/105582/"
] | There's no issue with inviting your fellow students to the site. But **please** be sure to coordinate amongst you, so that no two students ask the same question (it has happened with a set theory course earlier this year). | There are many SE sites where I will always have more of causal interest than regular users do, and I will not become someone who can answer as many questions as I ask. That can't be helped.
Even in Math.SE, where my interest is more than casual, there are many people here who are much quicker than I am even on topics I know about. It's great that there are so many people who can help so quickly. So it turns out that most questions that I could answer already have good answers by the time that I see them, and even if I see a question I can answer immediately after it's posted, there's a good chance that someone else will complete a good answer before I finish my answer, and my answer then doesn't contribute anything. I don't think this situation will change with time, either. So I answer questions when I can, and I'm happy to do so, but I don't worry about the fact that I can't contribute as much to Math.SE as I get out of it.
Instead, I contribute to other SE sites where I can be more helpful. On other SE sites, I am able to answer more questions more helpfully. |
12,620 | I'm a first year student in Computer Science and we all have big problems with math here. We study real analysis, elementary set theory, linear algebra and discrete math and we seek help wherever we can. I decided to give math.stackexchange.com a try, and this site saved my sorry butt numerous times already. I told my friends about it, but then I realised that perhaps inviting even more clueless students, who only ask questions and don't really contribute anything to this site, is not a good idea? I'm really, really grateful for the community of math stackexchange and I don't want to do something wrong to it.
Edit: to make it clear: I confess to being that kind of student. I ask only questions here and I can't provide any answers, even though I try. So that's why I assume my colleagues would act similarly, and I don't judge or blame them for that.
So, tl;dr: is inviting more students (who will only ask questions) to math stackexchange good etiquette? | 2014/01/29 | [
"https://math.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/12620",
"https://math.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://math.meta.stackexchange.com/users/105582/"
] | Another point which is worth pointing out (imho) is that you're a first year student. Most of us started (assumption) out with little knowledge.
As you progress in your studies you will be able to answer more questions - that holds true for pretty much everybody.
Therefore it is OK to refer others to this site, as long as - as has been pointed out already - you don't ask the same question multiple times and if you try to contribute answers. | There are many SE sites where I will always have more of causal interest than regular users do, and I will not become someone who can answer as many questions as I ask. That can't be helped.
Even in Math.SE, where my interest is more than casual, there are many people here who are much quicker than I am even on topics I know about. It's great that there are so many people who can help so quickly. So it turns out that most questions that I could answer already have good answers by the time that I see them, and even if I see a question I can answer immediately after it's posted, there's a good chance that someone else will complete a good answer before I finish my answer, and my answer then doesn't contribute anything. I don't think this situation will change with time, either. So I answer questions when I can, and I'm happy to do so, but I don't worry about the fact that I can't contribute as much to Math.SE as I get out of it.
Instead, I contribute to other SE sites where I can be more helpful. On other SE sites, I am able to answer more questions more helpfully. |
12,620 | I'm a first year student in Computer Science and we all have big problems with math here. We study real analysis, elementary set theory, linear algebra and discrete math and we seek help wherever we can. I decided to give math.stackexchange.com a try, and this site saved my sorry butt numerous times already. I told my friends about it, but then I realised that perhaps inviting even more clueless students, who only ask questions and don't really contribute anything to this site, is not a good idea? I'm really, really grateful for the community of math stackexchange and I don't want to do something wrong to it.
Edit: to make it clear: I confess to being that kind of student. I ask only questions here and I can't provide any answers, even though I try. So that's why I assume my colleagues would act similarly, and I don't judge or blame them for that.
So, tl;dr: is inviting more students (who will only ask questions) to math stackexchange good etiquette? | 2014/01/29 | [
"https://math.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/12620",
"https://math.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://math.meta.stackexchange.com/users/105582/"
] | I started off on Stack Overflow asking only questions, and it took a good year or two for me to start answering them. Now, I'm up above a 1:2 answer:question ratio and improving. Some of my answers were to old questions that had no good answer, and I was able to provide a great answer that quickly builds rep and thus proves that the old question was in need of an answer. [See here for example](https://stackoverflow.com/a/21024592/343302).
You and your friends might place a small burden on the site today, but by filling up the site with good questions you are in fact helping others. And later you and your friends might start contributing answers as well, which the site will need as it grows. | There are many SE sites where I will always have more of causal interest than regular users do, and I will not become someone who can answer as many questions as I ask. That can't be helped.
Even in Math.SE, where my interest is more than casual, there are many people here who are much quicker than I am even on topics I know about. It's great that there are so many people who can help so quickly. So it turns out that most questions that I could answer already have good answers by the time that I see them, and even if I see a question I can answer immediately after it's posted, there's a good chance that someone else will complete a good answer before I finish my answer, and my answer then doesn't contribute anything. I don't think this situation will change with time, either. So I answer questions when I can, and I'm happy to do so, but I don't worry about the fact that I can't contribute as much to Math.SE as I get out of it.
Instead, I contribute to other SE sites where I can be more helpful. On other SE sites, I am able to answer more questions more helpfully. |
19,926 | basically I have an exposed filter that lets users use the filter to search the website.
Only the terms available are sometimes 20+ items so I want to limit the available exposed terms and show only the top X terms with the most related nodes and create a 'more' button to show the rest.
Is there already a module or something for this? | 2012/01/17 | [
"https://drupal.stackexchange.com/questions/19926",
"https://drupal.stackexchange.com",
"https://drupal.stackexchange.com/users/3482/"
] | I think the closest I have seen to doing what you ask is <http://drupal.org/project/better_exposed_filters> which tries to at least make the exposed filters more manageable.
EDIT:
If you are prepared to switch the filtering to faceted search you could use search\_api module in combination with its built in facets (through solr). Then you end up with being able to restrict the amount of terms you show in the facet. | I've asked a [similar question](https://drupal.stackexchange.com/questions/18229/how-do-i-control-the-available-options-for-an-exposed-filter) a few weeks ago and got some really good answers after using a bounty. But I haven't implemented it yet. |
277,236 | I am not a native speaker, but for me
"the *minimum* angle" and "the *optimal* solution"
sound correct, but only because I hear and read them more often.
Why are "the *minimal* angle" and "the *optimum* solution" not used as often or wrong? Are there rules? | 2015/10/01 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/277236",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/140863/"
] | **According to** [Dictionary.com](http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/minimal?s=t)
Minimal is an adjective and Minimum is a noun. They have different meanings and purposes.
**Minimal**
[min-uh-muh l]
**adjective**
**1**.
constituting a minimum:
a minimal mode of transportation.
**2.**
barely adequate or the least possible:
minimal care.
**Minimum**
[min-uh-muh m]
**noun**, plural minimums, minima [min-uh-muh] (Show IPA)
**1.**
the least quantity or amount possible, assignable, allowable, or the like.
**2.**
the lowest speed permitted on a highway.
**3.**
the lowest amount, value, or degree attained or recorded.
**4.**
an arbitrary amount set by a restaurant, nightclub, etc., as the least amount to be charged each person for food and drink.
Compare cover charge.
**5.**
Mathematics.
Also called relative minimum, local minimum. the value of a function at a certain point in its domain, which is less than or equal to the values at all other points in the immediate vicinity of the point.
Compare absolute minimum.
the point in the domain at which a minimum occurs.
The word **Minimal** comes from the word minimum consisting of synonyms nominal and minimum.
The word **Minimum** originates from the Latin word minimus meaning smallest or least. Minimum's synonyms consist of minimal and merest.
Based on your sentences above, The correct way of using the words minimum and minimal would be as follows:
The **minimal** angle-correct because it's being used as an adjective
The **minimum** angle-incorrect usage using a noun as an adjective
(The same would follow for optimum/optimal) | In mathematical terms generally minimum means the lowest possible, it is unique. Minimal on the other hand can be sub-optimal.There can be several minimal solutions but only one minimum solution. |
277,236 | I am not a native speaker, but for me
"the *minimum* angle" and "the *optimal* solution"
sound correct, but only because I hear and read them more often.
Why are "the *minimal* angle" and "the *optimum* solution" not used as often or wrong? Are there rules? | 2015/10/01 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/277236",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/140863/"
] | There's a valid reason for this, which is linked to the fact that both **mathematics** (as a field) and **minimum** (as a word) are defined by *quantities*. Per *Oxford Dictionary*, **[minimum](http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/minimum):** (Note the use of "*quantity*").
>
> The least or smallest amount or quantity possible, attainable, or required.
>
>
>
As defined by the *Oxford Dictionary*, **minimum** is a *quantitative* representation of the smallest amount needed; thus, making it suitable for math and the term *minimum angle*.
That brings us to **minimal**, which can be both a *qualitative* and *quantitative* characteristic. Thus, depending on whether the user intends to use it *qualitatively* or *quantitatively* he or she may be correct. But regardless of the user' intent, using *minimal* in this sense is subject to misconception.
Per *Merriam Webster*...
>
> **[minimal:](http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/minimal)** barely adequate
>
>
>
Per *Merriam Webster:* (note the use of "*quality*")
>
> **[adequate:](http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/adequate)** good enough : of a quality that is good or acceptable
>
>
>
Therefore, **minimal** is a *qualitative* characteristic, which contradicts the *quantitative* nature of math.
To conclude, I admit that **minimal** can in some instances be synonymous with **minimum**; however if you consider the dilemma people will encounter (is *minimal* qualitative or quantitative?), you'll understand why **minimum** (only *quantitative*) better represents mathematics. This explains why many have chosen to use *minimal angle* rather than *minimum angle;* however, minimum is more technical. | To me, minimum indicates a single, smallest value, where minimal indicates a range of values that are approaching the minimum (and may in fact be the minimum value).
In the same vein, optimum is a single best solution/value, where optimal is a set of solutions/values approaching and including the optimum solution. |
277,236 | I am not a native speaker, but for me
"the *minimum* angle" and "the *optimal* solution"
sound correct, but only because I hear and read them more often.
Why are "the *minimal* angle" and "the *optimum* solution" not used as often or wrong? Are there rules? | 2015/10/01 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/277236",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/140863/"
] | **According to** [Dictionary.com](http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/minimal?s=t)
Minimal is an adjective and Minimum is a noun. They have different meanings and purposes.
**Minimal**
[min-uh-muh l]
**adjective**
**1**.
constituting a minimum:
a minimal mode of transportation.
**2.**
barely adequate or the least possible:
minimal care.
**Minimum**
[min-uh-muh m]
**noun**, plural minimums, minima [min-uh-muh] (Show IPA)
**1.**
the least quantity or amount possible, assignable, allowable, or the like.
**2.**
the lowest speed permitted on a highway.
**3.**
the lowest amount, value, or degree attained or recorded.
**4.**
an arbitrary amount set by a restaurant, nightclub, etc., as the least amount to be charged each person for food and drink.
Compare cover charge.
**5.**
Mathematics.
Also called relative minimum, local minimum. the value of a function at a certain point in its domain, which is less than or equal to the values at all other points in the immediate vicinity of the point.
Compare absolute minimum.
the point in the domain at which a minimum occurs.
The word **Minimal** comes from the word minimum consisting of synonyms nominal and minimum.
The word **Minimum** originates from the Latin word minimus meaning smallest or least. Minimum's synonyms consist of minimal and merest.
Based on your sentences above, The correct way of using the words minimum and minimal would be as follows:
The **minimal** angle-correct because it's being used as an adjective
The **minimum** angle-incorrect usage using a noun as an adjective
(The same would follow for optimum/optimal) | I can't find a reference for this but my feeling is that minimum is often used in mathematical contexts while minimal has much wider usage. While it remains true that minimum is a noun, it can legitimately be used in adjectival contexts. |
277,236 | I am not a native speaker, but for me
"the *minimum* angle" and "the *optimal* solution"
sound correct, but only because I hear and read them more often.
Why are "the *minimal* angle" and "the *optimum* solution" not used as often or wrong? Are there rules? | 2015/10/01 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/277236",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/140863/"
] | There's a valid reason for this, which is linked to the fact that both **mathematics** (as a field) and **minimum** (as a word) are defined by *quantities*. Per *Oxford Dictionary*, **[minimum](http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/minimum):** (Note the use of "*quantity*").
>
> The least or smallest amount or quantity possible, attainable, or required.
>
>
>
As defined by the *Oxford Dictionary*, **minimum** is a *quantitative* representation of the smallest amount needed; thus, making it suitable for math and the term *minimum angle*.
That brings us to **minimal**, which can be both a *qualitative* and *quantitative* characteristic. Thus, depending on whether the user intends to use it *qualitatively* or *quantitatively* he or she may be correct. But regardless of the user' intent, using *minimal* in this sense is subject to misconception.
Per *Merriam Webster*...
>
> **[minimal:](http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/minimal)** barely adequate
>
>
>
Per *Merriam Webster:* (note the use of "*quality*")
>
> **[adequate:](http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/adequate)** good enough : of a quality that is good or acceptable
>
>
>
Therefore, **minimal** is a *qualitative* characteristic, which contradicts the *quantitative* nature of math.
To conclude, I admit that **minimal** can in some instances be synonymous with **minimum**; however if you consider the dilemma people will encounter (is *minimal* qualitative or quantitative?), you'll understand why **minimum** (only *quantitative*) better represents mathematics. This explains why many have chosen to use *minimal angle* rather than *minimum angle;* however, minimum is more technical. | Minimum tends to be a definite thing, such as 'the minimum number of items you can buy is 7'
Minimal tends to be be an idealogical thing, such as 'the war was over quickly, and there were a minimal number of casualties'. This means the person speaking **thinks** that the number of casualties was the lowest possible, or approximately the lowest.
If you said 'the war was over quickly, and there were the minimum number of casualties' then it would mean it was not possible in any circumstances for there to have been any less casualties. The person speaking **knows** for sure it was the minimum number. |
277,236 | I am not a native speaker, but for me
"the *minimum* angle" and "the *optimal* solution"
sound correct, but only because I hear and read them more often.
Why are "the *minimal* angle" and "the *optimum* solution" not used as often or wrong? Are there rules? | 2015/10/01 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/277236",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/140863/"
] | **According to** [Dictionary.com](http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/minimal?s=t)
Minimal is an adjective and Minimum is a noun. They have different meanings and purposes.
**Minimal**
[min-uh-muh l]
**adjective**
**1**.
constituting a minimum:
a minimal mode of transportation.
**2.**
barely adequate or the least possible:
minimal care.
**Minimum**
[min-uh-muh m]
**noun**, plural minimums, minima [min-uh-muh] (Show IPA)
**1.**
the least quantity or amount possible, assignable, allowable, or the like.
**2.**
the lowest speed permitted on a highway.
**3.**
the lowest amount, value, or degree attained or recorded.
**4.**
an arbitrary amount set by a restaurant, nightclub, etc., as the least amount to be charged each person for food and drink.
Compare cover charge.
**5.**
Mathematics.
Also called relative minimum, local minimum. the value of a function at a certain point in its domain, which is less than or equal to the values at all other points in the immediate vicinity of the point.
Compare absolute minimum.
the point in the domain at which a minimum occurs.
The word **Minimal** comes from the word minimum consisting of synonyms nominal and minimum.
The word **Minimum** originates from the Latin word minimus meaning smallest or least. Minimum's synonyms consist of minimal and merest.
Based on your sentences above, The correct way of using the words minimum and minimal would be as follows:
The **minimal** angle-correct because it's being used as an adjective
The **minimum** angle-incorrect usage using a noun as an adjective
(The same would follow for optimum/optimal) | Minimum tends to be a definite thing, such as 'the minimum number of items you can buy is 7'
Minimal tends to be be an idealogical thing, such as 'the war was over quickly, and there were a minimal number of casualties'. This means the person speaking **thinks** that the number of casualties was the lowest possible, or approximately the lowest.
If you said 'the war was over quickly, and there were the minimum number of casualties' then it would mean it was not possible in any circumstances for there to have been any less casualties. The person speaking **knows** for sure it was the minimum number. |
277,236 | I am not a native speaker, but for me
"the *minimum* angle" and "the *optimal* solution"
sound correct, but only because I hear and read them more often.
Why are "the *minimal* angle" and "the *optimum* solution" not used as often or wrong? Are there rules? | 2015/10/01 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/277236",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/140863/"
] | Minimum is fairly absolute and solid, and refers to the smallest number or amount possible.
>
> **Minimum**: the least or smallest amount or quantity possible,
> attainable, or required.
>
>
>
Minimal is a little more flexible, where it refers to being the smallest amount or degree in non-absolute terms.
>
> **Minimal**: of a minimum amount, quantity, or degree.
>
>
>
"*Of* a minimum amount", without specifying *the* minimum amount.
An example of both might be:
>
> Jane has minimal interest in going to the movies; mostly because it seems the ticket prices rise at a minimum of $1.50 every time.
>
>
> I keep the amount of furniture in my room at a minimum because I like my room to be minimal. I'm a minimalistic person.
>
>
> | Minimum tends to be a definite thing, such as 'the minimum number of items you can buy is 7'
Minimal tends to be be an idealogical thing, such as 'the war was over quickly, and there were a minimal number of casualties'. This means the person speaking **thinks** that the number of casualties was the lowest possible, or approximately the lowest.
If you said 'the war was over quickly, and there were the minimum number of casualties' then it would mean it was not possible in any circumstances for there to have been any less casualties. The person speaking **knows** for sure it was the minimum number. |
277,236 | I am not a native speaker, but for me
"the *minimum* angle" and "the *optimal* solution"
sound correct, but only because I hear and read them more often.
Why are "the *minimal* angle" and "the *optimum* solution" not used as often or wrong? Are there rules? | 2015/10/01 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/277236",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/140863/"
] | There's a valid reason for this, which is linked to the fact that both **mathematics** (as a field) and **minimum** (as a word) are defined by *quantities*. Per *Oxford Dictionary*, **[minimum](http://www.oxforddictionaries.com/definition/english/minimum):** (Note the use of "*quantity*").
>
> The least or smallest amount or quantity possible, attainable, or required.
>
>
>
As defined by the *Oxford Dictionary*, **minimum** is a *quantitative* representation of the smallest amount needed; thus, making it suitable for math and the term *minimum angle*.
That brings us to **minimal**, which can be both a *qualitative* and *quantitative* characteristic. Thus, depending on whether the user intends to use it *qualitatively* or *quantitatively* he or she may be correct. But regardless of the user' intent, using *minimal* in this sense is subject to misconception.
Per *Merriam Webster*...
>
> **[minimal:](http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/minimal)** barely adequate
>
>
>
Per *Merriam Webster:* (note the use of "*quality*")
>
> **[adequate:](http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/adequate)** good enough : of a quality that is good or acceptable
>
>
>
Therefore, **minimal** is a *qualitative* characteristic, which contradicts the *quantitative* nature of math.
To conclude, I admit that **minimal** can in some instances be synonymous with **minimum**; however if you consider the dilemma people will encounter (is *minimal* qualitative or quantitative?), you'll understand why **minimum** (only *quantitative*) better represents mathematics. This explains why many have chosen to use *minimal angle* rather than *minimum angle;* however, minimum is more technical. | **According to** [Dictionary.com](http://dictionary.reference.com/browse/minimal?s=t)
Minimal is an adjective and Minimum is a noun. They have different meanings and purposes.
**Minimal**
[min-uh-muh l]
**adjective**
**1**.
constituting a minimum:
a minimal mode of transportation.
**2.**
barely adequate or the least possible:
minimal care.
**Minimum**
[min-uh-muh m]
**noun**, plural minimums, minima [min-uh-muh] (Show IPA)
**1.**
the least quantity or amount possible, assignable, allowable, or the like.
**2.**
the lowest speed permitted on a highway.
**3.**
the lowest amount, value, or degree attained or recorded.
**4.**
an arbitrary amount set by a restaurant, nightclub, etc., as the least amount to be charged each person for food and drink.
Compare cover charge.
**5.**
Mathematics.
Also called relative minimum, local minimum. the value of a function at a certain point in its domain, which is less than or equal to the values at all other points in the immediate vicinity of the point.
Compare absolute minimum.
the point in the domain at which a minimum occurs.
The word **Minimal** comes from the word minimum consisting of synonyms nominal and minimum.
The word **Minimum** originates from the Latin word minimus meaning smallest or least. Minimum's synonyms consist of minimal and merest.
Based on your sentences above, The correct way of using the words minimum and minimal would be as follows:
The **minimal** angle-correct because it's being used as an adjective
The **minimum** angle-incorrect usage using a noun as an adjective
(The same would follow for optimum/optimal) |
277,236 | I am not a native speaker, but for me
"the *minimum* angle" and "the *optimal* solution"
sound correct, but only because I hear and read them more often.
Why are "the *minimal* angle" and "the *optimum* solution" not used as often or wrong? Are there rules? | 2015/10/01 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/277236",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/140863/"
] | Minimum is fairly absolute and solid, and refers to the smallest number or amount possible.
>
> **Minimum**: the least or smallest amount or quantity possible,
> attainable, or required.
>
>
>
Minimal is a little more flexible, where it refers to being the smallest amount or degree in non-absolute terms.
>
> **Minimal**: of a minimum amount, quantity, or degree.
>
>
>
"*Of* a minimum amount", without specifying *the* minimum amount.
An example of both might be:
>
> Jane has minimal interest in going to the movies; mostly because it seems the ticket prices rise at a minimum of $1.50 every time.
>
>
> I keep the amount of furniture in my room at a minimum because I like my room to be minimal. I'm a minimalistic person.
>
>
> | To me, minimum indicates a single, smallest value, where minimal indicates a range of values that are approaching the minimum (and may in fact be the minimum value).
In the same vein, optimum is a single best solution/value, where optimal is a set of solutions/values approaching and including the optimum solution. |
142,110 | >
> “One last question,” Harry said, as Professor Quirrell’s coat lifted itself off the coatrack and went floating toward the Defense Professor. “Magic is loose in the world, and I no longer trust my guesses so much as I once did. So in your own best guess and without any wishful thinking, do you believe there’s an afterlife?”
>
>
> “If I did, Mr. Potter,” said Professor Quirrell as he shrugged on his coat, “would I still be here?”
>
>
>
Is he saying that he would've killed himself already if he did believe in it? | 2016/10/03 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/142110",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/72352/"
] | "Is he saying that he would've killed himself already if he did believe in it?"
**Probably not.**
-----------------
Quirrell answers Harry's question about the afterlife twice in the same chapter.
At first it's a general question:
>
> Professor Quirrell," Harry said suddenly, "is there an afterlife?" The
> Defense Professor raised his cup to his lips again before answering.
> His face was thoughtful. "If there is, Mr. Potter," said Professor
> Quirrell, **"then quite a few wizards have wasted a great deal of
> effort in their searches for immortality."** *~Harry Potter and the Methods of Rationality, CH 40*
>
>
>
When Harry questions him again, intending to find out what are *Quirrell's beliefs* on the subject, he gets the answer that Quirrell wouldn't be in the world of the living had he believed there's life after death.
Congregating these two answers provided by Quirrell should answer your question even without the spoiler, but just in case:
>
> Seeing that in MoR (as in the original book Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone) Quirrell is possessed by Voldemort who is alive exactly because he was trying to cheat death creating horcuxes, it's more likely he is referring to his own efforts dabbling in necromancy to stay alive than about committing suicide to experience the afterlife. It seems the second answer is a clue to the readers about who hides behind the mask of Quirrell.
>
>
> | The main motive of Professor Quirrell
>
> (aka Lord Voldemort aka Tom Riddle)
>
>
>
in this fan fiction is to defeat death making himself immortal for a long as possible.
This is the motivating force for a great portion of what he does in the story. If there is an afterlife this is moot and he does not need to do his devious, rather extreme schemes. While he is not implying he would kill himself, he would not drink unicorn blood,
>
> create horcruxes, or essentially reincarnate himself as Harry.
>
>
>
While this is largely the case in canon HP, it is significantly more apparent in this story as this character explains his motivations and rational in detail. |
476,060 | RS485 connection needs a common ground, but I am very fuzzy about how that works over longer distances and more complex systems.
* When the transmitter and receiver are about 1000m apart, there will be a voltage drop so the receiver won't have the same voltage on the ground as the transmitter, will it?
* Say if I power them separately and ensure a 5v ground on both ends, will that work?
* Or if I run a higher voltage line and ground wire and then step it down to 5v for the receiver and transmitter, technically that will still be the common ground, or will it?
* Finally, if there are a bunch of devices connected to that common ground, won't that interfere with the signal? If yes then should I have a separate dedicated ground just for the RS485 connection and another ground for everything else? | 2020/01/14 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/476060",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/234584/"
] | You have basically two questions in one.
**1. Common ground**
With 1000m between the nodes it is *practically unavoidable* to have ground potential out of transceiver's common mode range at some point. Therefore, you need at least one more conductor in your wiring for common ground. This, however, creates ground loop problems. So, you have to make environmental assessment first:
a) If this is permanent indoor installation then TIA/EIA-485-A recommended solution is to connect common ground wire to local ground at each node with 100 Ohm resistor.
b) If this is outdoor installation and especially if hot-plugging of the network nodes is expected, then isolated transceivers should be used, with common wire grounded at one side only.
I strongly recommend reading the [RS-485 Design Guide](http://www.ti.com/lit/an/slla272c/slla272c.pdf) by Texas instruments. Unfortunately, TIA standards are not free, but [here](https://www.ccontrols.com/pdf/ExtV1N1.pdf) you can find very good overview of the key points in TIA-485.
**2. Power Supply**
I am not sure what you mean when you say "ensure a 5v ground on both ends". A ground is a ground and 5V is 5V. In this context 5V is a supply voltage referenced to the ground. Since you have to run common ground wire between the nodes anyway (see above), an obvious solution would be to add one more conductor with power supply for all the nodes. But this is not a practical solution. The voltage drop and power losses over 1000m will be huge.
So, now again you need to make an assessment of how your network will be actually used:
a) If you go with non-isolated network (case 1.a above) and your nodes require very little current (like various sensors, for example) then one common solution is to have higher voltage power supply line along with data and ground wires. Inject 12-24V at single point and then use POL converters to bring it down to 5V at each node.
b) If you go with non-isolated network but your nodes require local power supplies anyway, then there is no point in added costs of central power distribution. Simply power nodes and their transceivers from local power supplies.
c) In case of isolated network (case 1.b) use isolated transceivers with built-in power converters, like [MAXM22511](https://www.maximintegrated.com/en/products/interface/transceivers/MAXM22511.html) for example. | The RS485 tranceivers need to have a common ground reference that does not differ more than 7V.
1) Right, if you power the remote end from the local end, the supply return wire (i.e. the only ground between devices) will have voltage drop based on max wire resistance and max current flow, you can estimate voltage difference between grounds, it must be below 7V for RS485 for proper operation.
2) If both ends are powered with supplies that have floating outputs, i.e. have no reference to each other via mains or earthing, then you also need a ground wire between RS485 tranceivers to keep voltage between supply grounds equal. But as it is not used for supply voltage currents, there will be almost no current flowing (except supply leakage) so it just keeps the RS485 tranceivers at the same potential. If, however, both power supplies have their output referenced to local mains earth, then connecting the RS485 ground wire between them causes a current loop as it tries to equalize earth potentials between the devices. So at least one of the supplies must have it's output floating, like USB chargers do.
3) Supply voltage does not matter, if the return current still travels via ground wire between devices, creating a voltage drop. But if you a separate run supply return wire, you can use an isolated DC/DC converter at the remote end to create a local supply, and use a ground reference wire where no current flows between RS485 tranceivers.
4) The RS485 bus should have a ground reference which is at 0V everywhere so no current flows in that wire. It is conceptually different from a ground wire of powered chip or device which is just a return path for supply currents and because of current that ground wire has potential difference over it. But for RS485, it tolerates 7V of difference, so in general, supply ground return wire can be used as RS485 ground reference until difference between grounds grow over 7V between boards, devices, or buildings, so topology is defined by distance and currents. |
13,358 | I built a mine on iron and at first it let me build swordsmen, but now it won't. I have not traded it away and I do not have other buildings making swordsmen.
Any idea why? | 2010/12/26 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/13358",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/5811/"
] | In Civ V, certain bonus resources are limited in quantity -- Iron, Coal, Aluminum, Uranium, and Horses. Unlike in Civ IV where you either *had* the resource, or you *did not*, so-called "strategic resources" are a finite quantity -- if you only have one iron mine (and that iron mine yields a measly 2 Iron) you can only have 2 swordsmen, which are iron-dependent units.
If you don't have any more of the resource, you can no longer build units that require it, and if you drop into a *deficit* of the resource (due to war, end of a trade agreement, etc.) all units which require that resource take a hefty combat penalty until you accrue more of it (or they die, reducing the total draw from your civ's resources). | If your iron is in a city that is not connected to others via road or waterway, you will find you cannot build swordsman in other cities until these trade connections are made.
A good way is seeing if this is true is the trade connection icon near your city name and that you can only build swordsman in the city with the iron. |
1,491,224 | Recently i get in touch with Empire-db. The project doc. stated that they are using "[string-free coding](http://incubator.apache.org/empire-db/empiredb/stringfree.htm)", intended to use less constant strings as possible to avoid typos and use the force of the compiler.
I was always a big fan of this principle, because i think as Java is a formal language it could be expresive for configuration like properties or xml and gives extra value by checking thru the compiler. Maybe at runtime there are less posibilities to changes without recompiling but this depends on each case.
Do you now more references or readings about this term/principle/design pattern ? | 2009/09/29 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1491224",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/114226/"
] | I know little about Java, but this idiom is famous in modern C++. For example, [Xpressive](http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_40_0/doc/html/xpressive.html) is a regular expression library that allows the programmer to write regex *in C++*, and does compile-time checking. [Spirit](http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/release/libs/spirit/index.html) is another example, where you could write EBNF *in C++*, and the compiler can check the syntax for you also :)
I think the *term* you are looking for is **Embedded Domain Specific Languages**. | Never heard the particular expression, but [Effective Java](http://java.sun.com/docs/books/effective/) recommends to "*avoid strings where other types are more appropriate*" (Item 50). |
1,491,224 | Recently i get in touch with Empire-db. The project doc. stated that they are using "[string-free coding](http://incubator.apache.org/empire-db/empiredb/stringfree.htm)", intended to use less constant strings as possible to avoid typos and use the force of the compiler.
I was always a big fan of this principle, because i think as Java is a formal language it could be expresive for configuration like properties or xml and gives extra value by checking thru the compiler. Maybe at runtime there are less posibilities to changes without recompiling but this depends on each case.
Do you now more references or readings about this term/principle/design pattern ? | 2009/09/29 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1491224",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/114226/"
] | This is the same thing as **magic number** vs **constants**. Using constants raises maintainability and readability. Constants also encapsulate change: a change in constant value is automatically propagated and, as for string-free coding, a misspelled constant is a compile-time error. | I know little about Java, but this idiom is famous in modern C++. For example, [Xpressive](http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_40_0/doc/html/xpressive.html) is a regular expression library that allows the programmer to write regex *in C++*, and does compile-time checking. [Spirit](http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/release/libs/spirit/index.html) is another example, where you could write EBNF *in C++*, and the compiler can check the syntax for you also :)
I think the *term* you are looking for is **Embedded Domain Specific Languages**. |
1,491,224 | Recently i get in touch with Empire-db. The project doc. stated that they are using "[string-free coding](http://incubator.apache.org/empire-db/empiredb/stringfree.htm)", intended to use less constant strings as possible to avoid typos and use the force of the compiler.
I was always a big fan of this principle, because i think as Java is a formal language it could be expresive for configuration like properties or xml and gives extra value by checking thru the compiler. Maybe at runtime there are less posibilities to changes without recompiling but this depends on each case.
Do you now more references or readings about this term/principle/design pattern ? | 2009/09/29 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1491224",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/114226/"
] | I know little about Java, but this idiom is famous in modern C++. For example, [Xpressive](http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_40_0/doc/html/xpressive.html) is a regular expression library that allows the programmer to write regex *in C++*, and does compile-time checking. [Spirit](http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/release/libs/spirit/index.html) is another example, where you could write EBNF *in C++*, and the compiler can check the syntax for you also :)
I think the *term* you are looking for is **Embedded Domain Specific Languages**. | The famous [Pragmatic Programmer](http://www.pragprog.com/the-pragmatic-programmer) mentions this principle especially in connection with metadata handling. One of the tips about this is:
>
> Put Abstractions in Code, Details in
> Metadata
>
>
> Program for the general case,
> and put the specifics outside the
> compiled code base.
>
>
>
It is worth reading the book anyway. |
1,491,224 | Recently i get in touch with Empire-db. The project doc. stated that they are using "[string-free coding](http://incubator.apache.org/empire-db/empiredb/stringfree.htm)", intended to use less constant strings as possible to avoid typos and use the force of the compiler.
I was always a big fan of this principle, because i think as Java is a formal language it could be expresive for configuration like properties or xml and gives extra value by checking thru the compiler. Maybe at runtime there are less posibilities to changes without recompiling but this depends on each case.
Do you now more references or readings about this term/principle/design pattern ? | 2009/09/29 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1491224",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/114226/"
] | I know little about Java, but this idiom is famous in modern C++. For example, [Xpressive](http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_40_0/doc/html/xpressive.html) is a regular expression library that allows the programmer to write regex *in C++*, and does compile-time checking. [Spirit](http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/release/libs/spirit/index.html) is another example, where you could write EBNF *in C++*, and the compiler can check the syntax for you also :)
I think the *term* you are looking for is **Embedded Domain Specific Languages**. | Regarding empire-db, it's like 'type-safety' for SQL queries. |
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