qid int64 1 74.7M | question stringlengths 12 33.8k | date stringlengths 10 10 | metadata list | response_j stringlengths 0 115k | response_k stringlengths 2 98.3k |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
63,850 | According to the [Wikipedia article on the proposed Istanbul Canal](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istanbul_Canal), it is said that the Bosporus has nearly 3 times the amount of ship traffic as the Suez Canal. Presumably this ship traffic comes primarily from Russia and Ukraine. Why does Russia choose to be so dependent on a water passage that it does not control? Why hasn't Russia (and historically, the USSR) tried to orient their economy to use the Baltic Sea instead? Are there economic and political obstacles to minimizing this dependence? | 2021/05/07 | [
"https://politics.stackexchange.com/questions/63850",
"https://politics.stackexchange.com",
"https://politics.stackexchange.com/users/29441/"
] | Because the Baltic Sea ices over every winter. In theory, you could continue year-round operations with icebreakers and cargo ships with a [sufficient ice class](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ice_class) but that's expensive and there are only so many ice rated cargo ships out there. Alternatively, you could use the St. Petersburg port heavily during the summer months and the Black Sea heavily during the winter but then you'd need all of the infrastructure at both ports which, again, gets expensive. Plus, in order to get to the ocean, Russian traffic would still need to go through a relatively narrow straight owned by foreign powers (Norway, Sweden, and Denmark in this case).
There is common wisdom from Western academics and politicians that the [drive to own warm water ports](https://www.globalsecurity.org/military/world/russia/warm-water-port.htm) has been a key driver of much of modern Russian history precisely because sea traffic into and out of the country is subject to such external bottlenecks. [Not everyone agrees](https://www.jstor.org/stable/44642451?seq=1#metadata_info_tab_contents) with this thesis but it is pretty common thinking in political science circles (and there are plenty of memes available if you do a search). | According to [Montreux Convention Regarding the Regime of the Straits](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montreux_Convention_Regarding_the_Regime_of_the_Straits), Turkey is obliged to provide free passage of civilian vessels in peacetime.
Of course, there is a small possibility that Turkey won't honor the agreement for some reason, but given that such access is by no means existential for Russia, the problem doesn't seem to be serious enough to try to do something to solve it. |
642,006 | Why do power tools (such as hand drills, angle grinders, etc.) generally use brushed motors instead of brushless motors? To understand, this is really not clear in a sentence or two. | 2022/11/11 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/642006",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/325890/"
] | As a supplement to the other answers, high speed tools such as vacuums and angle grinders will use series wound dc motors to achieve high speed operation - which of course must have brushes. | I would like to give some more nuance to your claim : cheap power tools usually use brushed motors. In recent high end professional tools, you often find brush-less motors.
Why this difference?
First of all, brushed DC motors are cheap, and if you power them from battery and need only one speed level, then you don't even need any electronics (excepted battery protection, which is often done in the battery itself). Even if you need some speed control, it is very simple and cheap. So for cheap tools, it's the only way to go.
On the other hand, brushless DC motors require extra sensing (ideally with hall sensors, or at least with current sensors), require to control 3 phases, ... so as soon as you want a brushless DC motor, you directly have a big cost overhead : this might be OK for expensive professional tools, but most customers don't want to pay 100$ more just to have a brushless motors.
Brushless motors also have a somewhat better efficiency (which is a pro if running on battery) and much longer lifetime (which doesn't maters for most people that will use the tool each other year, and probably destroy it my mis-use rather than by wear of the motor ; but which maters a lot for professionals using the tool each day).
So either you want a cheap tool for occasional use, and you usually get cheap brushed DC motors, or you accept to pay 5 times the price for a good professional tool, and you can hope for a brushless motor. It's up to you |
642,006 | Why do power tools (such as hand drills, angle grinders, etc.) generally use brushed motors instead of brushless motors? To understand, this is really not clear in a sentence or two. | 2022/11/11 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/642006",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/325890/"
] | As a supplement to the other answers, high speed tools such as vacuums and angle grinders will use series wound dc motors to achieve high speed operation - which of course must have brushes. | brushed motors also have high torque at all speeds, even when stalled, which you can't get with most other motors without complicated electronics. |
7,598,579 | I have been asked to research on how to make an android app using Delphi, Now I am not sure that this can be done. I have not come across tutorials on the same. Somebody please clarify on this issue. | 2011/09/29 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/7598579",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/640739/"
] | Delphi cannot create Android apps at present. This is being worked on for a future release.
**Update:** As of the release of XE5, Delphi now supports Android development for certain ARM hardware using the mobile Delphi compiler. | Free Pascal is [now able to produce code for the Java platform](http://wiki.freepascal.org/FPC_JVM) - so it might be feasible to create Delphi code which can be compiled to Java bytecode with FPC and then converted for the Dalvik VM.
>
> The FPC backend for the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) generates Java byte
> code that conforms to the specifications of the JDK 1.5 (and later).
> While not all FPC language features work when targeting the JVM, most
> do (or will in the future) and we have done our best to introduce as
> few differences as possible.
>
>
> This FPC JVM backend is not related to Project Cooper by RemObjects,
> nor does FPC now support the Oxygene language.
>
>
> |
7,598,579 | I have been asked to research on how to make an android app using Delphi, Now I am not sure that this can be done. I have not come across tutorials on the same. Somebody please clarify on this issue. | 2011/09/29 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/7598579",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/640739/"
] | Delphi cannot create Android apps at present. This is being worked on for a future release.
**Update:** As of the release of XE5, Delphi now supports Android development for certain ARM hardware using the mobile Delphi compiler. | Two choices to follow at present - check out Delphi for Android which is in design/beta phase: <http://lenniedevilliers.blogspot.com/>
Or, use Prism <http://www.embarcadero.com/products/prism> (and check out their Oxygen for Java coming soon <http://www.remobjects.com/oxygene/java.aspx> which is in Beta) |
7,598,579 | I have been asked to research on how to make an android app using Delphi, Now I am not sure that this can be done. I have not come across tutorials on the same. Somebody please clarify on this issue. | 2011/09/29 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/7598579",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/640739/"
] | Free Pascal is [now able to produce code for the Java platform](http://wiki.freepascal.org/FPC_JVM) - so it might be feasible to create Delphi code which can be compiled to Java bytecode with FPC and then converted for the Dalvik VM.
>
> The FPC backend for the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) generates Java byte
> code that conforms to the specifications of the JDK 1.5 (and later).
> While not all FPC language features work when targeting the JVM, most
> do (or will in the future) and we have done our best to introduce as
> few differences as possible.
>
>
> This FPC JVM backend is not related to Project Cooper by RemObjects,
> nor does FPC now support the Oxygene language.
>
>
> | With [DWS](http://delphitools.info/dwscript/) as backend script compiler and the soon to come [Smart Mobile Studio (aka OP4JS)](http://op4js.optimalesystemer.no/about/) component library and RAD interface it will be possible to make apps running with HTML5 in android applications (and iOS or any other html5 compatible system).
By using object pascal, all Delphi and freepascal users will have a short learning curve and a high code reuse factor.
There are some samples using only the DWS backend here :
[taming-the-flock-with-object-pascal](http://delphitools.info/2011/09/28/taming-the-flock-with-object-pascal/)
[taming-html5-verlets-with-object-pascal](http://delphitools.info/2011/09/19/taming-html5-verlets-with-object-pascal/)
Update :
More samples can now be found on their homepage. |
7,598,579 | I have been asked to research on how to make an android app using Delphi, Now I am not sure that this can be done. I have not come across tutorials on the same. Somebody please clarify on this issue. | 2011/09/29 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/7598579",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/640739/"
] | Two choices to follow at present - check out Delphi for Android which is in design/beta phase: <http://lenniedevilliers.blogspot.com/>
Or, use Prism <http://www.embarcadero.com/products/prism> (and check out their Oxygen for Java coming soon <http://www.remobjects.com/oxygene/java.aspx> which is in Beta) | With [DWS](http://delphitools.info/dwscript/) as backend script compiler and the soon to come [Smart Mobile Studio (aka OP4JS)](http://op4js.optimalesystemer.no/about/) component library and RAD interface it will be possible to make apps running with HTML5 in android applications (and iOS or any other html5 compatible system).
By using object pascal, all Delphi and freepascal users will have a short learning curve and a high code reuse factor.
There are some samples using only the DWS backend here :
[taming-the-flock-with-object-pascal](http://delphitools.info/2011/09/28/taming-the-flock-with-object-pascal/)
[taming-html5-verlets-with-object-pascal](http://delphitools.info/2011/09/19/taming-html5-verlets-with-object-pascal/)
Update :
More samples can now be found on their homepage. |
7,598,579 | I have been asked to research on how to make an android app using Delphi, Now I am not sure that this can be done. I have not come across tutorials on the same. Somebody please clarify on this issue. | 2011/09/29 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/7598579",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/640739/"
] | Free Pascal is [now able to produce code for the Java platform](http://wiki.freepascal.org/FPC_JVM) - so it might be feasible to create Delphi code which can be compiled to Java bytecode with FPC and then converted for the Dalvik VM.
>
> The FPC backend for the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) generates Java byte
> code that conforms to the specifications of the JDK 1.5 (and later).
> While not all FPC language features work when targeting the JVM, most
> do (or will in the future) and we have done our best to introduce as
> few differences as possible.
>
>
> This FPC JVM backend is not related to Project Cooper by RemObjects,
> nor does FPC now support the Oxygene language.
>
>
> | First steps with native Android applications made with Lazarus/FPC are [here](http://wiki.lazarus.freepascal.org/Android_Interface). |
7,598,579 | I have been asked to research on how to make an android app using Delphi, Now I am not sure that this can be done. I have not come across tutorials on the same. Somebody please clarify on this issue. | 2011/09/29 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/7598579",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/640739/"
] | Two choices to follow at present - check out Delphi for Android which is in design/beta phase: <http://lenniedevilliers.blogspot.com/>
Or, use Prism <http://www.embarcadero.com/products/prism> (and check out their Oxygen for Java coming soon <http://www.remobjects.com/oxygene/java.aspx> which is in Beta) | One way is to use a combination of Delphi, Sencha and PhoneGap by leveraging the Raudus framework. You can try the RaudusEmployee.apk example on your phone and see if this method will work for you.
<http://www.raudus.com/samples/>
This is not a native application, but similar to many new HTML5 applications. |
7,598,579 | I have been asked to research on how to make an android app using Delphi, Now I am not sure that this can be done. I have not come across tutorials on the same. Somebody please clarify on this issue. | 2011/09/29 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/7598579",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/640739/"
] | Delphi cannot create Android apps at present. This is being worked on for a future release.
**Update:** As of the release of XE5, Delphi now supports Android development for certain ARM hardware using the mobile Delphi compiler. | Delphi XE5 is now released with Android support.
<http://www.embarcadero.com/products/rad-studio/create-android-apps> |
7,598,579 | I have been asked to research on how to make an android app using Delphi, Now I am not sure that this can be done. I have not come across tutorials on the same. Somebody please clarify on this issue. | 2011/09/29 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/7598579",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/640739/"
] | Two choices to follow at present - check out Delphi for Android which is in design/beta phase: <http://lenniedevilliers.blogspot.com/>
Or, use Prism <http://www.embarcadero.com/products/prism> (and check out their Oxygen for Java coming soon <http://www.remobjects.com/oxygene/java.aspx> which is in Beta) | Delphi XE5 is now released with Android support.
<http://www.embarcadero.com/products/rad-studio/create-android-apps> |
7,598,579 | I have been asked to research on how to make an android app using Delphi, Now I am not sure that this can be done. I have not come across tutorials on the same. Somebody please clarify on this issue. | 2011/09/29 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/7598579",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/640739/"
] | Delphi cannot create Android apps at present. This is being worked on for a future release.
**Update:** As of the release of XE5, Delphi now supports Android development for certain ARM hardware using the mobile Delphi compiler. | With [DWS](http://delphitools.info/dwscript/) as backend script compiler and the soon to come [Smart Mobile Studio (aka OP4JS)](http://op4js.optimalesystemer.no/about/) component library and RAD interface it will be possible to make apps running with HTML5 in android applications (and iOS or any other html5 compatible system).
By using object pascal, all Delphi and freepascal users will have a short learning curve and a high code reuse factor.
There are some samples using only the DWS backend here :
[taming-the-flock-with-object-pascal](http://delphitools.info/2011/09/28/taming-the-flock-with-object-pascal/)
[taming-html5-verlets-with-object-pascal](http://delphitools.info/2011/09/19/taming-html5-verlets-with-object-pascal/)
Update :
More samples can now be found on their homepage. |
7,598,579 | I have been asked to research on how to make an android app using Delphi, Now I am not sure that this can be done. I have not come across tutorials on the same. Somebody please clarify on this issue. | 2011/09/29 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/7598579",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/640739/"
] | Free Pascal is [now able to produce code for the Java platform](http://wiki.freepascal.org/FPC_JVM) - so it might be feasible to create Delphi code which can be compiled to Java bytecode with FPC and then converted for the Dalvik VM.
>
> The FPC backend for the Java Virtual Machine (JVM) generates Java byte
> code that conforms to the specifications of the JDK 1.5 (and later).
> While not all FPC language features work when targeting the JVM, most
> do (or will in the future) and we have done our best to introduce as
> few differences as possible.
>
>
> This FPC JVM backend is not related to Project Cooper by RemObjects,
> nor does FPC now support the Oxygene language.
>
>
> | One way is to use a combination of Delphi, Sencha and PhoneGap by leveraging the Raudus framework. You can try the RaudusEmployee.apk example on your phone and see if this method will work for you.
<http://www.raudus.com/samples/>
This is not a native application, but similar to many new HTML5 applications. |
3,430,780 | >
> **Possible Duplicate:**
>
> [Choosing a Java Web Framework now?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2084169/choosing-a-java-web-framework-now)
>
>
>
I know that Ruby-on-Rails and Django are 2 MVC oriented webframeworks, in Ruby and Python respectively. Are there any other MVC frameworks ? Any MVC frameworks that use Java ? | 2010/08/07 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3430780",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/280945/"
] | Something closer to rails in Java (well, not really Java) would be [Grails](http://www.grails.org/).
Of course you'd need [Groovy](http://groovy.codehaus.org/) to use that, but it's worth a shot. | [**Spring MVC**](http://static.springsource.org/docs/Spring-MVC-step-by-step/) and [**Struts**](http://struts.apache.org/) are two popular MVC web frameworks for **Java**. |
3,430,780 | >
> **Possible Duplicate:**
>
> [Choosing a Java Web Framework now?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2084169/choosing-a-java-web-framework-now)
>
>
>
I know that Ruby-on-Rails and Django are 2 MVC oriented webframeworks, in Ruby and Python respectively. Are there any other MVC frameworks ? Any MVC frameworks that use Java ? | 2010/08/07 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3430780",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/280945/"
] | [CakePHP](http://cakephp.org/ "CakePHP") is a PHP MVC framework that's fairly simple to use. | [**Spring MVC**](http://static.springsource.org/docs/Spring-MVC-step-by-step/) and [**Struts**](http://struts.apache.org/) are two popular MVC web frameworks for **Java**. |
3,430,780 | >
> **Possible Duplicate:**
>
> [Choosing a Java Web Framework now?](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/2084169/choosing-a-java-web-framework-now)
>
>
>
I know that Ruby-on-Rails and Django are 2 MVC oriented webframeworks, in Ruby and Python respectively. Are there any other MVC frameworks ? Any MVC frameworks that use Java ? | 2010/08/07 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3430780",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/280945/"
] | Something closer to rails in Java (well, not really Java) would be [Grails](http://www.grails.org/).
Of course you'd need [Groovy](http://groovy.codehaus.org/) to use that, but it's worth a shot. | [CakePHP](http://cakephp.org/ "CakePHP") is a PHP MVC framework that's fairly simple to use. |
452,774 | I have checked the following during turning on Windows features:
IIS,IIS Compatibility and under WWW I have checked .NET extensibility.I do not see an ASP.NET option to check.Will these be enough to have IIS running or am I missing something.
I do not see the IIS page when I type localhost in my browser.Please help. | 2009/01/17 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/452774",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/49424/"
] | Your version of Vista does not support ASP on IIS. You'll have to either install asp or upgrade your version of Vista to:
* Windows Vista Home Premium Edition
* Windows Vista Professional Edition
* Windows Vista Ultimate Edition | If you're trying to set up a web server you can take a look at Microsoft's [Dreamspark](https://www.dreamspark.com/default.aspx) site.
If you're a student and have the capability of proving it you can download a copy of Windows 2003 Server and use it for educational purposes. |
35,175,122 | Google Chrome has a tab in it's built in Developer Tools, and one of the audits are telling me that the Network Utilization can be improved by setting the specific width and height to ALL images on the page.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/mt6uy.png)
How true is this information and how does this change things? | 2016/02/03 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/35175122",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/4802649/"
] | Setting height and width will do absolutely nothing for network utilisation.
It will, however, allow the browser to lay the page out correctly before downloading the images (since it won't have to wait to download the image before it can know what size the image is). This can avoid reflowing the page or leaving it blank until the image size is known. | It's so the browser can already prepare the correct space to put the image after loading it. |
35,175,122 | Google Chrome has a tab in it's built in Developer Tools, and one of the audits are telling me that the Network Utilization can be improved by setting the specific width and height to ALL images on the page.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/mt6uy.png)
How true is this information and how does this change things? | 2016/02/03 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/35175122",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/4802649/"
] | It's so the browser can already prepare the correct space to put the image after loading it. | While not improving network speed so much, it can lead to better user experience for users with low internet speed because of the reasons Quentin suggested. |
35,175,122 | Google Chrome has a tab in it's built in Developer Tools, and one of the audits are telling me that the Network Utilization can be improved by setting the specific width and height to ALL images on the page.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/mt6uy.png)
How true is this information and how does this change things? | 2016/02/03 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/35175122",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/4802649/"
] | Setting height and width will do absolutely nothing for network utilisation.
It will, however, allow the browser to lay the page out correctly before downloading the images (since it won't have to wait to download the image before it can know what size the image is). This can avoid reflowing the page or leaving it blank until the image size is known. | While not improving network speed so much, it can lead to better user experience for users with low internet speed because of the reasons Quentin suggested. |
50,639 | If a paper is having any Ayat or Hadith written on it then in order to save that page from throwing, Can we burn it? If no, then what is the proper way, so that we dont get any sin? | 2018/10/26 | [
"https://islam.stackexchange.com/questions/50639",
"https://islam.stackexchange.com",
"https://islam.stackexchange.com/users/29110/"
] | There is no contradiction.
3:146 is saying that they did not give up hope, did not surrender, did not run away, and did not apostatize.
2:214 does not say that they did any of the above. Rather it says that they were shaken (زلزلوا i.e. afflicted) so much that they sought hastening of Allah's help. It does not mean that their resolve weakened or that they doubted.
Further reference:
Tafsir al-Qurtubi on [2:214](http://quran.ksu.edu.sa/tafseer/qortobi/sura2-aya214.html#qortobi) and [3:146](http://quran.ksu.edu.sa/tafseer/qortobi/sura3-aya146.html) | Assalamo Alaikom and thank you for contacting our website.
Allah (SWT) says in verse (3:146)
>
> And how many a prophet [fought and] with him fought many religious scholars. But they never lost assurance due to what afflicted them in the cause of Allah, nor did they weaken or submit. And Allah loves the steadfast. (3:146)
>
>
>
And He says in verse (2:214)
>
> Or do you think that you will enter Paradise while such [trial] has not yet come to you as came to those who passed on before you? They were touched by poverty and hardship and were shaken until [even their] messenger and those who believed with him said,"When is the help of Allah ?" Unquestionably, the help of Allah is near.
>
>
>
There is no contradiction between the 2 verses, as in the second verse the fact that they (were shakened) in the battle from its intensity reflects their human nature, but does not mean that they (lost assurance) as they have a firm belief in Allah (SWT) and they trust that at the end He gives victory to true believers who follow His guidance, though they may face setbacks as they did in the Battle of Uhud for disobeying the orders of Prophet Muhammad, peace be upon him.
What counts is the end result, and though at times they went through adversities and defeat, this was not the last outcome.
Moreover,my Dear brother the definition of true believer is cleared by Allah in Surah hujurat
>
> The believers are only the ones who have believed in Allah and His Messenger and then doubt not but strive with their properties and their lives in the cause of Allah . It is those who are the truthful.(49verse 15)
>
>
>
And Allah knows best.
We hope you find this answer useful In-Shaa-Allah
May Allah (SWT) make all matters easy for you and guide us all to His Straight Path.
Ameen |
29,296,715 | I am writing a jitter buffer program in c to handle rtp packets.Here RTP uses UDP for transportation so connection is not reliable and packets will not be in order and also there will be some packet loss.In case of change in packet order,i will arrange them through sequence number(in RTP header information) but how can i handle or compensate packet loss?(because packet loss is not in my hand)
Note: I am handling h264 as payload and they asked me to use only RTP header | 2015/03/27 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/29296715",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/4323072/"
] | You can't. Short of fabricating the lost data there's nothing you can do.
Hopefully the actual encoding used within the RTP packets can help the actual recipient deal with packet loss a little better. Short of you decoding the RTP payload and acting as a codec for the payload there's nothing that you can do that the codec wont do anyway.
With H.264 each RTP packet will contain either a whole NAL unit, a NAL unit fragment or, perhaps, multiple NAL units. The H.264 codec will just expect to be fed the stream of NAL units and IT will know what to do if there is packet loss. | In short, as others said it as well, you can't.
If packets are lost randomly following a uniform distribution, you can protect your stream by adding FEC to it. |
28,245,891 | I developing app in ionic and need include a timeline of hashtag in view,
in web, work perfectly but if i try use in iphone or emulator from xCode not work
someone has a idea of some library or alternative for get a timeline in a view?
(i not need authenticate or share for twitter only show the timeline widget like web) | 2015/01/30 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/28245891",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/3204649/"
] | below code will align everything but not after = sign. for better answer [here](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/16580171/code-formatting-shortcut-in-android-studio)
Win/Linux:
>
> Ctrl + Alt + L
>
>
>
Mac:
>
> Option + Command + L
>
>
> | Try like this
Settings - Editor - XML
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/84Wia.png) |
2,584,245 | My application displays Hebrew text which comes from a Web Service.
When a sentence contains digits (in the middle of it), the digits appear in a mirror view:
29 appears as 92, 21:45 appears as 54:12 and 2,000 appears as 000,2.
Also, when a sentence starts with digits or English characters, they get thrown to the end of the sentence messing it all up...
Does anyone have an idea how can this be solved? Is RTL support in Android still immature? | 2010/04/06 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2584245",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/283630/"
] | >
> Is RTL support in Android still
> immature?
>
>
>
If by "immature" you mean "nonexistent", then, yes, it is immature. Each [Android SDK release](http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.1.html) lists the supported languages, and you will notice that RTL languages are not among them. | This is fixed in [CyanogenMod](http://www.cyanogenmod.org/). I'd very much like to know which commit has the fix exactly |
2,584,245 | My application displays Hebrew text which comes from a Web Service.
When a sentence contains digits (in the middle of it), the digits appear in a mirror view:
29 appears as 92, 21:45 appears as 54:12 and 2,000 appears as 000,2.
Also, when a sentence starts with digits or English characters, they get thrown to the end of the sentence messing it all up...
Does anyone have an idea how can this be solved? Is RTL support in Android still immature? | 2010/04/06 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2584245",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/283630/"
] | Try presenting your text in a webkit control, its RTL support works fine, as long as the HTML code is tagged appropriately. | >
> Is RTL support in Android still
> immature?
>
>
>
If by "immature" you mean "nonexistent", then, yes, it is immature. Each [Android SDK release](http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.1.html) lists the supported languages, and you will notice that RTL languages are not among them. |
2,584,245 | My application displays Hebrew text which comes from a Web Service.
When a sentence contains digits (in the middle of it), the digits appear in a mirror view:
29 appears as 92, 21:45 appears as 54:12 and 2,000 appears as 000,2.
Also, when a sentence starts with digits or English characters, they get thrown to the end of the sentence messing it all up...
Does anyone have an idea how can this be solved? Is RTL support in Android still immature? | 2010/04/06 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2584245",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/283630/"
] | >
> Is RTL support in Android still
> immature?
>
>
>
If by "immature" you mean "nonexistent", then, yes, it is immature. Each [Android SDK release](http://developer.android.com/sdk/android-2.1.html) lists the supported languages, and you will notice that RTL languages are not among them. | Forward to 2015 - those issues are gone, and the answer marked as correct is no longer correct. |
2,584,245 | My application displays Hebrew text which comes from a Web Service.
When a sentence contains digits (in the middle of it), the digits appear in a mirror view:
29 appears as 92, 21:45 appears as 54:12 and 2,000 appears as 000,2.
Also, when a sentence starts with digits or English characters, they get thrown to the end of the sentence messing it all up...
Does anyone have an idea how can this be solved? Is RTL support in Android still immature? | 2010/04/06 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2584245",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/283630/"
] | Try presenting your text in a webkit control, its RTL support works fine, as long as the HTML code is tagged appropriately. | This is fixed in [CyanogenMod](http://www.cyanogenmod.org/). I'd very much like to know which commit has the fix exactly |
2,584,245 | My application displays Hebrew text which comes from a Web Service.
When a sentence contains digits (in the middle of it), the digits appear in a mirror view:
29 appears as 92, 21:45 appears as 54:12 and 2,000 appears as 000,2.
Also, when a sentence starts with digits or English characters, they get thrown to the end of the sentence messing it all up...
Does anyone have an idea how can this be solved? Is RTL support in Android still immature? | 2010/04/06 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2584245",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/283630/"
] | Forward to 2015 - those issues are gone, and the answer marked as correct is no longer correct. | This is fixed in [CyanogenMod](http://www.cyanogenmod.org/). I'd very much like to know which commit has the fix exactly |
2,584,245 | My application displays Hebrew text which comes from a Web Service.
When a sentence contains digits (in the middle of it), the digits appear in a mirror view:
29 appears as 92, 21:45 appears as 54:12 and 2,000 appears as 000,2.
Also, when a sentence starts with digits or English characters, they get thrown to the end of the sentence messing it all up...
Does anyone have an idea how can this be solved? Is RTL support in Android still immature? | 2010/04/06 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2584245",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/283630/"
] | Try presenting your text in a webkit control, its RTL support works fine, as long as the HTML code is tagged appropriately. | Forward to 2015 - those issues are gone, and the answer marked as correct is no longer correct. |
114,774 | In the depths of Hell, the rebellion is stirring. The demon guardians of Hell have been exceptionally cruel to the inhabitants for millennium. But finally, humans have rebelled and started killing the demons and stealing their weaponry, which includes AK-47s, RPGs, and machine guns. When they invade the castle of Damnatio, and find Helicopters, artillery and tanks. Tired of the depressing decor down in the Underworld, the blown down the gates and march to Heaven. Satan and his herald demons have retreated to the Deepest part of Hell to hide, and the human army, of 38 billion damned souls, are marching to invade the sky.
A messenger angel catches word fo this, and sends word to heaven. The heaven guards aren’t as well armed as the Demons, with bows and arrows and swords. My question is: Why would they give the Demons automatic rifles, but give the Angels only arrows? | 2018/06/10 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/114774",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/51013/"
] | The Demons have no qualms in using technology that sprang from the minds of humans, after all: they were responsible for the whole apple of knowledge thing. What does it matter if it’s a blasphemous monstrosity of science? It kills well, so they use it.
Angels, on the other hand, are more orthodox and restrict themselves to the more traditional flaming spears, swords and bows that have been (theologically speaking) Okayed by Management. | **The fallen angels like war machines.**
In Hell, there is war - man on man. Fallen angels are not combatants. The damned make war on each other and fallen angels are great fans of technology, providing the endless combat the latest and greatest technology for destruction and suffering.
The fallen angels amuse themselves supervising battles of the lost souls and the endless battle is a different form of torment. But the fallen angels know it is pointless to try to fight Heaven. They tried before and ultimately were easily defeated.
<http://www.dartmouth.edu/~milton/reading_room/pl/book_6/text.shtml>
John Milton's Paradise Lost, and the preface to the Angelic War.
>
> Or potent tongue; fool, not to think how vain they
>
>
> Against th' Omnipotent to rise in Arms;
>
>
> Who out of smallest things could without end
>
>
> Have rais'd incessant Armies to defeat
>
>
> Thy folly; or with solitarie hand
>
>
> Reaching beyond all limit at one blow
>
>
> Unaided could have finisht thee, and whelmd
>
>
> Thy Legions under darkness;
>
>
>
If interested, read the account of the battle. Milton's heavenly host are armed exactly as you describe with spears and swords. Satan loses the first day, but on the second day of battle, Satan returns with cannons and levels the forces of heaven. Day 3 does not work out so well for Satan.
Your scenario: when they do talk to the damned, the fallen angels don't talk about the war. No humans were present for this war and they do not know how it went. The humans are cocky. The fallen angels know what is going to happen and so they hide. They are not hiding from the humans. |
114,774 | In the depths of Hell, the rebellion is stirring. The demon guardians of Hell have been exceptionally cruel to the inhabitants for millennium. But finally, humans have rebelled and started killing the demons and stealing their weaponry, which includes AK-47s, RPGs, and machine guns. When they invade the castle of Damnatio, and find Helicopters, artillery and tanks. Tired of the depressing decor down in the Underworld, the blown down the gates and march to Heaven. Satan and his herald demons have retreated to the Deepest part of Hell to hide, and the human army, of 38 billion damned souls, are marching to invade the sky.
A messenger angel catches word fo this, and sends word to heaven. The heaven guards aren’t as well armed as the Demons, with bows and arrows and swords. My question is: Why would they give the Demons automatic rifles, but give the Angels only arrows? | 2018/06/10 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/114774",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/51013/"
] | The Demons have no qualms in using technology that sprang from the minds of humans, after all: they were responsible for the whole apple of knowledge thing. What does it matter if it’s a blasphemous monstrosity of science? It kills well, so they use it.
Angels, on the other hand, are more orthodox and restrict themselves to the more traditional flaming spears, swords and bows that have been (theologically speaking) Okayed by Management. | Perhaps being the inventor of a weapon of war, creating something that is used, and tangentially responsible for, the deaths of hundreds or thousands is enough to put you on the naughty list and damn you to hell...
All the inventors of modern military weapons eventually end up in hell, giving demons a much larger potential arsenal.
Who'd've thought that "thou shalt not kill" would extend to the [military industrial complex](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military%E2%80%93industrial_complex)? |
114,774 | In the depths of Hell, the rebellion is stirring. The demon guardians of Hell have been exceptionally cruel to the inhabitants for millennium. But finally, humans have rebelled and started killing the demons and stealing their weaponry, which includes AK-47s, RPGs, and machine guns. When they invade the castle of Damnatio, and find Helicopters, artillery and tanks. Tired of the depressing decor down in the Underworld, the blown down the gates and march to Heaven. Satan and his herald demons have retreated to the Deepest part of Hell to hide, and the human army, of 38 billion damned souls, are marching to invade the sky.
A messenger angel catches word fo this, and sends word to heaven. The heaven guards aren’t as well armed as the Demons, with bows and arrows and swords. My question is: Why would they give the Demons automatic rifles, but give the Angels only arrows? | 2018/06/10 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/114774",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/51013/"
] | Angels have their traditional weapons because they're *traditional*, Demons as agents of chaos, are changeable and therefore move with the times. The Angels are agents of order and stability they don't pick up the new human fads, why would they, when they can, at last extremity, call on the very **Word of God** to decide the matter. Angels only really have weapons for the look of the thing after all. | Perhaps being the inventor of a weapon of war, creating something that is used, and tangentially responsible for, the deaths of hundreds or thousands is enough to put you on the naughty list and damn you to hell...
All the inventors of modern military weapons eventually end up in hell, giving demons a much larger potential arsenal.
Who'd've thought that "thou shalt not kill" would extend to the [military industrial complex](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military%E2%80%93industrial_complex)? |
114,774 | In the depths of Hell, the rebellion is stirring. The demon guardians of Hell have been exceptionally cruel to the inhabitants for millennium. But finally, humans have rebelled and started killing the demons and stealing their weaponry, which includes AK-47s, RPGs, and machine guns. When they invade the castle of Damnatio, and find Helicopters, artillery and tanks. Tired of the depressing decor down in the Underworld, the blown down the gates and march to Heaven. Satan and his herald demons have retreated to the Deepest part of Hell to hide, and the human army, of 38 billion damned souls, are marching to invade the sky.
A messenger angel catches word fo this, and sends word to heaven. The heaven guards aren’t as well armed as the Demons, with bows and arrows and swords. My question is: Why would they give the Demons automatic rifles, but give the Angels only arrows? | 2018/06/10 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/114774",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/51013/"
] | Angels have their traditional weapons because they're *traditional*, Demons as agents of chaos, are changeable and therefore move with the times. The Angels are agents of order and stability they don't pick up the new human fads, why would they, when they can, at last extremity, call on the very **Word of God** to decide the matter. Angels only really have weapons for the look of the thing after all. | Any weapon in the hands of a demon or angel becomes a vessel for their demonic/angelic energy. That energy make up most of the killing power of the weapon. The mechanic properties of the weapon itself become negligible. Which weapon to use is more of an aesthetic choice than a tactical one. |
114,774 | In the depths of Hell, the rebellion is stirring. The demon guardians of Hell have been exceptionally cruel to the inhabitants for millennium. But finally, humans have rebelled and started killing the demons and stealing their weaponry, which includes AK-47s, RPGs, and machine guns. When they invade the castle of Damnatio, and find Helicopters, artillery and tanks. Tired of the depressing decor down in the Underworld, the blown down the gates and march to Heaven. Satan and his herald demons have retreated to the Deepest part of Hell to hide, and the human army, of 38 billion damned souls, are marching to invade the sky.
A messenger angel catches word fo this, and sends word to heaven. The heaven guards aren’t as well armed as the Demons, with bows and arrows and swords. My question is: Why would they give the Demons automatic rifles, but give the Angels only arrows? | 2018/06/10 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/114774",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/51013/"
] | Any weapon in the hands of a demon or angel becomes a vessel for their demonic/angelic energy. That energy make up most of the killing power of the weapon. The mechanic properties of the weapon itself become negligible. Which weapon to use is more of an aesthetic choice than a tactical one. | **The fallen angels like war machines.**
In Hell, there is war - man on man. Fallen angels are not combatants. The damned make war on each other and fallen angels are great fans of technology, providing the endless combat the latest and greatest technology for destruction and suffering.
The fallen angels amuse themselves supervising battles of the lost souls and the endless battle is a different form of torment. But the fallen angels know it is pointless to try to fight Heaven. They tried before and ultimately were easily defeated.
<http://www.dartmouth.edu/~milton/reading_room/pl/book_6/text.shtml>
John Milton's Paradise Lost, and the preface to the Angelic War.
>
> Or potent tongue; fool, not to think how vain they
>
>
> Against th' Omnipotent to rise in Arms;
>
>
> Who out of smallest things could without end
>
>
> Have rais'd incessant Armies to defeat
>
>
> Thy folly; or with solitarie hand
>
>
> Reaching beyond all limit at one blow
>
>
> Unaided could have finisht thee, and whelmd
>
>
> Thy Legions under darkness;
>
>
>
If interested, read the account of the battle. Milton's heavenly host are armed exactly as you describe with spears and swords. Satan loses the first day, but on the second day of battle, Satan returns with cannons and levels the forces of heaven. Day 3 does not work out so well for Satan.
Your scenario: when they do talk to the damned, the fallen angels don't talk about the war. No humans were present for this war and they do not know how it went. The humans are cocky. The fallen angels know what is going to happen and so they hide. They are not hiding from the humans. |
114,774 | In the depths of Hell, the rebellion is stirring. The demon guardians of Hell have been exceptionally cruel to the inhabitants for millennium. But finally, humans have rebelled and started killing the demons and stealing their weaponry, which includes AK-47s, RPGs, and machine guns. When they invade the castle of Damnatio, and find Helicopters, artillery and tanks. Tired of the depressing decor down in the Underworld, the blown down the gates and march to Heaven. Satan and his herald demons have retreated to the Deepest part of Hell to hide, and the human army, of 38 billion damned souls, are marching to invade the sky.
A messenger angel catches word fo this, and sends word to heaven. The heaven guards aren’t as well armed as the Demons, with bows and arrows and swords. My question is: Why would they give the Demons automatic rifles, but give the Angels only arrows? | 2018/06/10 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/114774",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/51013/"
] | **Biblically speaking, Angels are WMDs**
In the few scenes in the bible where angels really cut loose and vent some good old fashioned divine fury only one is necessary for the task. In the story of Moses leading up to the exodus the lone angel of death manages a feat of destruction so spectacular yet so controlled that it wiped out all first born children in Egypt. Angels are described as being so terrifying and obviously powerful that people collapse to their knees and beg for mercy simply from glimpsing one. Angels in the bible seem to be limited by the same rules that demons are in that they are only as powerful as god wishes them to be, and only capable of directing said power within the narrow scope of the task god has given them, but the thing is that they seem to be as powerful as god wishes them to be. They are basically walking, talking, sentient ultra-nukes channeling the power of the creator of the universe as he deems fit. They don't need special weapons because *they already are weapons!* Any weapons an angel carries are purely symbolic of that angel's warlike duties, they are not needed since angels can unmake entire nations by themselves with the caveat that they have no free will and can only perform such tasks when ordered to do so.
**Demon's Really Aren't**
Demons within the bible also follow a similar set of rules, but nowhere in the bible do we see demonic powers manifested quite like the angels do. Demon's are a corrosive influence, they thrive off of the pain and suffering their corruption causes, but do not ever really cause such events themselves. Demons within the bible are limited to the position of tempters and deceivers. They exist to lure man astray and display the evil and cruelty already present within man. Even then, they need god's permission to do what they do. A central theme in the bible is that all power comes from god and that out of all of god's creation mankind is the only one aside from god himself which possesses free will. Demon's exist to prove god wrong and demonstrate what evils and corrupt sadistic sins mankind can wreak with this gift. Even in the end times we do not see the beast Satan himself ever actually destroying anything, he is depicted gathering human followers to wreak his evil for him. Every stage of the destruction and chaos of the end times are not caused by Satan and his minions, but ordered by god to punish the last of humanity who have rejected him.
So, at-least by the central themes of the bible as taught to me as I was raised in a pretty crazy Pentecostal revivalist sect, Satan and angels have no power at all unless it is granted to them by god. A demon's main goal isn't combat with angels, but temptation and deception of man. Angels are seen as mainly messengers and servant's of god who carry his word to his creation. It is very very rare that we ever see angels performing some good ol' fashioned smiting, but when they do they erase nations. They exist as a theme to demonstrate the contrast between mankind's great capacity for faith, righteousness, mercy and mankind's equal capacity for greed, hatred, violence, and sadism. Whenever they are interacting with men they are usually doing so as messengers providing a choice between good and evil.
**Even Regular People can Fight Demons, but Angels Will Mess You up**
To give an idea between men vs angels and men vs demons we actually have a few examples of both. A man named Jacob was told to do something by god via a messenger in the form of an angel. Jacob was a rather ornery and stubborn fella so he jumped on the angel and attempted to put it in a headlock, cuz "no glowing wierdo is gonna tell me what ta do!" They fought at a stalemate for a few days and jacob was feeling pretty smug. "Wimpy angels, I'm doing just fine!" He thought. The angel got fed up and pretty much said "okay, I got other shit to do, enough of this crap" and broke the mighty but thick headed warrior's leg (or hip depending on translation) with the mere touch of a finger, then said "DO I HAVE YOUR ATTENTION NOW? GOOD. GOD HAS A MESSAGE FOR ME TO DELIVER DAMMIT, SO LISTEN UP!" Jacob decided maybe he wasn't so tough anymore and did what the angel told him to do. (paraphrased obviously, the bible isn't written anywhere near that cool.)
Any time demons are encountered in the bible they are basically chased away immediately by normal people who simply refuse to listen to or fear them. The only exception was a gang-possesion of a guy by a group of demons who referred to themselves as legion. Jesus basically made a hand gesture and forced them to infest a herd of pigs then drown themselves essentially just to demonstrate to his apostles what sissy little whiners demons really are. The only time demons are seen performing much impressive acts it is usually because god gave them permission to, or because the victim invited the demon's attention, using their free will to disobey god and losing the protection from demonic forces god has granted. In short, a demon can only really try to convince you to do something, or allow it to do something to/with you. If you ignore it's temptations simply believing in god is enough for literally any one to chase one off.
**So, in summary:**
Demons don't actually use guns and stuff, the followers they have led astray do. Angels don't actually need weapons to do some apocalyptic smiting, any weapons that they carry are simply symbols of their current intent. Since all power comes from god, whichever side he wishes to win will win, and he will grant power and permission to use it to either side that he sees fit. The wild card is humanity because we are the only beings besides himself which posses free choice. | **The fallen angels like war machines.**
In Hell, there is war - man on man. Fallen angels are not combatants. The damned make war on each other and fallen angels are great fans of technology, providing the endless combat the latest and greatest technology for destruction and suffering.
The fallen angels amuse themselves supervising battles of the lost souls and the endless battle is a different form of torment. But the fallen angels know it is pointless to try to fight Heaven. They tried before and ultimately were easily defeated.
<http://www.dartmouth.edu/~milton/reading_room/pl/book_6/text.shtml>
John Milton's Paradise Lost, and the preface to the Angelic War.
>
> Or potent tongue; fool, not to think how vain they
>
>
> Against th' Omnipotent to rise in Arms;
>
>
> Who out of smallest things could without end
>
>
> Have rais'd incessant Armies to defeat
>
>
> Thy folly; or with solitarie hand
>
>
> Reaching beyond all limit at one blow
>
>
> Unaided could have finisht thee, and whelmd
>
>
> Thy Legions under darkness;
>
>
>
If interested, read the account of the battle. Milton's heavenly host are armed exactly as you describe with spears and swords. Satan loses the first day, but on the second day of battle, Satan returns with cannons and levels the forces of heaven. Day 3 does not work out so well for Satan.
Your scenario: when they do talk to the damned, the fallen angels don't talk about the war. No humans were present for this war and they do not know how it went. The humans are cocky. The fallen angels know what is going to happen and so they hide. They are not hiding from the humans. |
114,774 | In the depths of Hell, the rebellion is stirring. The demon guardians of Hell have been exceptionally cruel to the inhabitants for millennium. But finally, humans have rebelled and started killing the demons and stealing their weaponry, which includes AK-47s, RPGs, and machine guns. When they invade the castle of Damnatio, and find Helicopters, artillery and tanks. Tired of the depressing decor down in the Underworld, the blown down the gates and march to Heaven. Satan and his herald demons have retreated to the Deepest part of Hell to hide, and the human army, of 38 billion damned souls, are marching to invade the sky.
A messenger angel catches word fo this, and sends word to heaven. The heaven guards aren’t as well armed as the Demons, with bows and arrows and swords. My question is: Why would they give the Demons automatic rifles, but give the Angels only arrows? | 2018/06/10 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/114774",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/51013/"
] | Angels have their traditional weapons because they're *traditional*, Demons as agents of chaos, are changeable and therefore move with the times. The Angels are agents of order and stability they don't pick up the new human fads, why would they, when they can, at last extremity, call on the very **Word of God** to decide the matter. Angels only really have weapons for the look of the thing after all. | **The fallen angels like war machines.**
In Hell, there is war - man on man. Fallen angels are not combatants. The damned make war on each other and fallen angels are great fans of technology, providing the endless combat the latest and greatest technology for destruction and suffering.
The fallen angels amuse themselves supervising battles of the lost souls and the endless battle is a different form of torment. But the fallen angels know it is pointless to try to fight Heaven. They tried before and ultimately were easily defeated.
<http://www.dartmouth.edu/~milton/reading_room/pl/book_6/text.shtml>
John Milton's Paradise Lost, and the preface to the Angelic War.
>
> Or potent tongue; fool, not to think how vain they
>
>
> Against th' Omnipotent to rise in Arms;
>
>
> Who out of smallest things could without end
>
>
> Have rais'd incessant Armies to defeat
>
>
> Thy folly; or with solitarie hand
>
>
> Reaching beyond all limit at one blow
>
>
> Unaided could have finisht thee, and whelmd
>
>
> Thy Legions under darkness;
>
>
>
If interested, read the account of the battle. Milton's heavenly host are armed exactly as you describe with spears and swords. Satan loses the first day, but on the second day of battle, Satan returns with cannons and levels the forces of heaven. Day 3 does not work out so well for Satan.
Your scenario: when they do talk to the damned, the fallen angels don't talk about the war. No humans were present for this war and they do not know how it went. The humans are cocky. The fallen angels know what is going to happen and so they hide. They are not hiding from the humans. |
114,774 | In the depths of Hell, the rebellion is stirring. The demon guardians of Hell have been exceptionally cruel to the inhabitants for millennium. But finally, humans have rebelled and started killing the demons and stealing their weaponry, which includes AK-47s, RPGs, and machine guns. When they invade the castle of Damnatio, and find Helicopters, artillery and tanks. Tired of the depressing decor down in the Underworld, the blown down the gates and march to Heaven. Satan and his herald demons have retreated to the Deepest part of Hell to hide, and the human army, of 38 billion damned souls, are marching to invade the sky.
A messenger angel catches word fo this, and sends word to heaven. The heaven guards aren’t as well armed as the Demons, with bows and arrows and swords. My question is: Why would they give the Demons automatic rifles, but give the Angels only arrows? | 2018/06/10 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/114774",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/51013/"
] | The Demons have no qualms in using technology that sprang from the minds of humans, after all: they were responsible for the whole apple of knowledge thing. What does it matter if it’s a blasphemous monstrosity of science? It kills well, so they use it.
Angels, on the other hand, are more orthodox and restrict themselves to the more traditional flaming spears, swords and bows that have been (theologically speaking) Okayed by Management. | The angels are only guarding the good guys. They don't need decent weapons, their weapons are more for show, hence swords and bows. Swords are also seen as more noble and honourable, which angels generally are too.
The demons on the other hand have to deal with the worst of the worst, and they have no honour or moral guidelines. Every murder, sadist, torturer and rapist ever born (and died) is down there. The demons need some serious weaponry to keep them in line, to prevent precisely this event from occurring. |
114,774 | In the depths of Hell, the rebellion is stirring. The demon guardians of Hell have been exceptionally cruel to the inhabitants for millennium. But finally, humans have rebelled and started killing the demons and stealing their weaponry, which includes AK-47s, RPGs, and machine guns. When they invade the castle of Damnatio, and find Helicopters, artillery and tanks. Tired of the depressing decor down in the Underworld, the blown down the gates and march to Heaven. Satan and his herald demons have retreated to the Deepest part of Hell to hide, and the human army, of 38 billion damned souls, are marching to invade the sky.
A messenger angel catches word fo this, and sends word to heaven. The heaven guards aren’t as well armed as the Demons, with bows and arrows and swords. My question is: Why would they give the Demons automatic rifles, but give the Angels only arrows? | 2018/06/10 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/114774",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/51013/"
] | Angels have their traditional weapons because they're *traditional*, Demons as agents of chaos, are changeable and therefore move with the times. The Angels are agents of order and stability they don't pick up the new human fads, why would they, when they can, at last extremity, call on the very **Word of God** to decide the matter. Angels only really have weapons for the look of the thing after all. | The Demons have no qualms in using technology that sprang from the minds of humans, after all: they were responsible for the whole apple of knowledge thing. What does it matter if it’s a blasphemous monstrosity of science? It kills well, so they use it.
Angels, on the other hand, are more orthodox and restrict themselves to the more traditional flaming spears, swords and bows that have been (theologically speaking) Okayed by Management. |
114,774 | In the depths of Hell, the rebellion is stirring. The demon guardians of Hell have been exceptionally cruel to the inhabitants for millennium. But finally, humans have rebelled and started killing the demons and stealing their weaponry, which includes AK-47s, RPGs, and machine guns. When they invade the castle of Damnatio, and find Helicopters, artillery and tanks. Tired of the depressing decor down in the Underworld, the blown down the gates and march to Heaven. Satan and his herald demons have retreated to the Deepest part of Hell to hide, and the human army, of 38 billion damned souls, are marching to invade the sky.
A messenger angel catches word fo this, and sends word to heaven. The heaven guards aren’t as well armed as the Demons, with bows and arrows and swords. My question is: Why would they give the Demons automatic rifles, but give the Angels only arrows? | 2018/06/10 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/114774",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/51013/"
] | Angels have their traditional weapons because they're *traditional*, Demons as agents of chaos, are changeable and therefore move with the times. The Angels are agents of order and stability they don't pick up the new human fads, why would they, when they can, at last extremity, call on the very **Word of God** to decide the matter. Angels only really have weapons for the look of the thing after all. | The angels are only guarding the good guys. They don't need decent weapons, their weapons are more for show, hence swords and bows. Swords are also seen as more noble and honourable, which angels generally are too.
The demons on the other hand have to deal with the worst of the worst, and they have no honour or moral guidelines. Every murder, sadist, torturer and rapist ever born (and died) is down there. The demons need some serious weaponry to keep them in line, to prevent precisely this event from occurring. |
69,142,582 | I am currently learning about searching algorithms and I came across jump search, which has a time complexity of O(√n). Why is √n the optimal value for m (jump size) in the jump search algorithm and how does it affect the time complexity? | 2021/09/11 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/69142582",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/15656276/"
] | Let *m* be the jump size and *n* be the number of elements.
In the worst case, the maximum number of elements you have to check is the maximum number of jumps (n/m - 1) plus the number of elements between jumps (m), and the time you take is approximately proportional to the total number of elements you check.
The goal in choosing *m*, therefore, is to minimize: (n/m)+m-1.
The derivative by *m* is 1 - (n/m2), and the minimum occurs where the derivative is 0:
1 - (n/m2) = 0
(n/m2) = 1
n = m2
m = √n | Assuming the block size is k, the worst case scenario requires roughly n / k iterations for finding the block and k iterations for finding the element in the block.
To minimize n / k + k where n is a constant, we can use differentiation (see Matt's answer) or the [AM-GM inequality](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inequality_of_arithmetic_and_geometric_means) to get:
n / k + k >= 2sqrt(n)
We can clearly see that 2sqrt(n) is the minimal number of iterations and is attainable when k = sqrt(n). |
108,296 | I have a Pi 3b+ in a MIDI foot controller and part of the I/O is a pair of expression pedal sockets. After, ahem, getting the tip and sleeve round the [wrong way](https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/480171/why-is-my-linear-pot-is-causing-a-non-linear-voltage-at-my-adc-input/480198?noredirect=1#comment1220708_480198), they are working correctly now.
But, during testing, I disconnected one while the system was powered up and it shorted out the Pi, which is now dead. The circuit feeds 3.3 V to the ring, which is connected to the pedal potentiometer, and measures the voltage off the tip (connected to the pot's wiper). When the pedal is disconnected, the plug temporarily shorts the ring (3.3 V) to ground. So I added a 150 Ω resistor on the 3.3 V supply wire. But I don't know if that's enough, and I'm not game enough to try it without being fairly certain I won't destroy another Pi.
Is a current limiting resistor enough? If so, what value is "enough"?
Or do I need something more complicated to protect the Pi?
I don't know exactly how long the short lasts for, but it's well less than a second in practice.
Note: The circuit has an switch in the socket, so I can add a little bit of extra resistance when the jack is plugged in. That way, I can detect the "unplugged" state (ADC reads full 3.3 V) and max plugged voltage 3.1 V as separate states.
>
> **The solution I settled on was using a 470R current limiting resistor on the power going to the jacks. This is working just fine.**
>
>
> | 2020/02/12 | [
"https://raspberrypi.stackexchange.com/questions/108296",
"https://raspberrypi.stackexchange.com",
"https://raspberrypi.stackexchange.com/users/8395/"
] | >
> How do I avoid a temporary short circuit from destroying the PI?
>
>
>
It's very easy really:
* power down your Pi
* alter the connections
* power on the Pi again
Electronics are not hot-pluggable by nature, they have to be designed in a special way to be hot-pluggable. People start to forget that because many modern interfaces support hot-plugging, notably USB. In older times you would apply the procedure above if you needed to connect an [external keyboard](https://superuser.com/questions/172420/is-it-safe-to-hot-swap-a-ps-2-keyboard) to your laptop.
If you want to design a hot-pluggable interface, you have two options:
* make sure the connector prevents unwanted contacts and ensures the correct connect-disconnect sequence (as USB does)
* make sure your device survives any possible connections in any sequence
The latter is how audio jacks are designed: amplifiers have current limitation so they can survive a short, and a headphone can handle 2x voltage if it gets accidentally connected between L and R instead of L/R and GND.
Current limiting resistors are often used in JTAG/UART/debug adaptors to make them hot-pluggable or at least more robust. Whenever such a resistor will be enough depends on the circuit you have designed. | If you short circuit the 3.3V rail to Gnd you will instantly kill the Pi.
Frankly anyone who connects a power rail to external circuitry (from the Pi or any other device) is just asking for trouble!
You can use the power rails to provide power to external circuitry with suitable care - which excludes a TRS plug which is practically guaranteed to cause a short - they are designed for audio (or occasionally video) signals. You should NEVER connect power on a live system - devices which are designed for hot plugging e.g. USB use special connectors to ensure safe connection.
No responsible engineer would connect a live power rail to use for logic connection without protection and would not use a TRS jack for power!
If you are powering an external circuit any series resistance will compromise its operation (unless the current is minimal). You DON"T put resistors in power rails.
No one can design your circuit for you, even if you published a proper specification. |
30,762 | I collect game dice as a hobby. What is a word for someone who collects dice? | 2011/06/21 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/30762",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/10136/"
] | Following "coin collector", "stamp collector", and so on, the collector of dice should be known as a "die collector". | going with Unreason may I propose **astragaloiphile**
and as psmears suggested (going by the "anthromorphoi" precedent) - **astragalophile** |
30,762 | I collect game dice as a hobby. What is a word for someone who collects dice? | 2011/06/21 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/30762",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/10136/"
] | going with Unreason may I propose **astragaloiphile**
and as psmears suggested (going by the "anthromorphoi" precedent) - **astragalophile** | You collect dice with a rake at a craps table (and other less popular games). A more invented term for a die collector would be a **raker**. |
30,762 | I collect game dice as a hobby. What is a word for someone who collects dice? | 2011/06/21 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/30762",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/10136/"
] | Edited:
The official word is "dice collector". This is taken from a [dice collecting site:](http://dicemaniacsclub.multiply.com/)
>
> You'll be able to chat to fellow dice collectors from all over the world,
>
>
>
There's also the [Dice Collector Forum](http://dicecollector.com/forums/index.php?topic=2.0), for discussing dice collecting. | Philocubist is a person who loves dice games but not specifically a collector, and tesserarian is "of, like or pertaining to dice games" but even though dice games pre-date historical records, there is not a known term used by present-day collectors |
30,762 | I collect game dice as a hobby. What is a word for someone who collects dice? | 2011/06/21 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/30762",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/10136/"
] | If you mean what is the word that has the same relation to *game dice collection* as *philately* to *stamp collection*?
Then, I don't think there is already one (also note: while dictionaries define philately as *collection and study of stamps*, according to encyclopedias stamp collecting is not the same as philately, which is the study of stamps, see [here](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stamp_collecting#Collecting) and [here](http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/455889/philately)).
If you want to be inventive you could attempt to coin:
***philastragaly***
*phil-* "loving" + *astragaloi* "knucklebones"
EDIT:
This form was chosen due to etymology of philately
>
> The word "philately" is the English version of the French word "philatélie", coined by Georges Herpin in 1864. Herpin stated that stamps had been collected and studied for the previous six or seven years and a better name was required for the new hobby than *timbromanie*, which was disliked. He took the Greek root word *phil* or *philo*, meaning an attraction or affinity for something, and *ateleia*, meaning "exempt from duties and taxes" to form "philatelie". The introduction of postage stamps meant that the receipt of letters was now free of charge, whereas before stamps it was normal for postal charges to be paid by the recipient of a letter.
>
>
> The alternative terms "timbromania", "timbrophily" and "timbrology" gradually fell out of use as philately gained acceptance during the 1860s.
>
>
> | A tongue-in-cheek term:
Someone who collects dice is a *cubist*. |
30,762 | I collect game dice as a hobby. What is a word for someone who collects dice? | 2011/06/21 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/30762",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/10136/"
] | If you mean what is the word that has the same relation to *game dice collection* as *philately* to *stamp collection*?
Then, I don't think there is already one (also note: while dictionaries define philately as *collection and study of stamps*, according to encyclopedias stamp collecting is not the same as philately, which is the study of stamps, see [here](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stamp_collecting#Collecting) and [here](http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/455889/philately)).
If you want to be inventive you could attempt to coin:
***philastragaly***
*phil-* "loving" + *astragaloi* "knucklebones"
EDIT:
This form was chosen due to etymology of philately
>
> The word "philately" is the English version of the French word "philatélie", coined by Georges Herpin in 1864. Herpin stated that stamps had been collected and studied for the previous six or seven years and a better name was required for the new hobby than *timbromanie*, which was disliked. He took the Greek root word *phil* or *philo*, meaning an attraction or affinity for something, and *ateleia*, meaning "exempt from duties and taxes" to form "philatelie". The introduction of postage stamps meant that the receipt of letters was now free of charge, whereas before stamps it was normal for postal charges to be paid by the recipient of a letter.
>
>
> The alternative terms "timbromania", "timbrophily" and "timbrology" gradually fell out of use as philately gained acceptance during the 1860s.
>
>
> | You collect dice with a rake at a craps table (and other less popular games). A more invented term for a die collector would be a **raker**. |
30,762 | I collect game dice as a hobby. What is a word for someone who collects dice? | 2011/06/21 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/30762",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/10136/"
] | Edited:
The official word is "dice collector". This is taken from a [dice collecting site:](http://dicemaniacsclub.multiply.com/)
>
> You'll be able to chat to fellow dice collectors from all over the world,
>
>
>
There's also the [Dice Collector Forum](http://dicecollector.com/forums/index.php?topic=2.0), for discussing dice collecting. | You collect dice with a rake at a craps table (and other less popular games). A more invented term for a die collector would be a **raker**. |
30,762 | I collect game dice as a hobby. What is a word for someone who collects dice? | 2011/06/21 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/30762",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/10136/"
] | going with Unreason may I propose **astragaloiphile**
and as psmears suggested (going by the "anthromorphoi" precedent) - **astragalophile** | Philocubist is a person who loves dice games but not specifically a collector, and tesserarian is "of, like or pertaining to dice games" but even though dice games pre-date historical records, there is not a known term used by present-day collectors |
30,762 | I collect game dice as a hobby. What is a word for someone who collects dice? | 2011/06/21 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/30762",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/10136/"
] | A tongue-in-cheek term:
Someone who collects dice is a *cubist*. | Philocubist is a person who loves dice games but not specifically a collector, and tesserarian is "of, like or pertaining to dice games" but even though dice games pre-date historical records, there is not a known term used by present-day collectors |
30,762 | I collect game dice as a hobby. What is a word for someone who collects dice? | 2011/06/21 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/30762",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/10136/"
] | A tongue-in-cheek term:
Someone who collects dice is a *cubist*. | You collect dice with a rake at a craps table (and other less popular games). A more invented term for a die collector would be a **raker**. |
30,762 | I collect game dice as a hobby. What is a word for someone who collects dice? | 2011/06/21 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/30762",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/10136/"
] | The Romans had actual dice, rather than the Greek knucklebones: the word was *alea*, as in Caesar's "*Alea iacta est*". Wouldn't **aleaphile** be easier to pronounce? | You collect dice with a rake at a craps table (and other less popular games). A more invented term for a die collector would be a **raker**. |
4,226,942 | PDF allows you to set permissions such as a document can be printed just once or just 10 times etc. I believe Adobe Acrobat Professional allows you to set those.
My question is it possible to do so in Python programmatically? If so how? | 2010/11/19 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/4226942",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/101877/"
] | There doesn't seem to be a way to restrict the number of times a PDF file can be printed (outside Adobe LiveCycle or some other very controlled hosted solution). Although there is lots of discussion about this e.g. <https://superuser.com/questions/37216/restrict-print-copies-on-a-pdf>
If you have other info please indicate a reference.
There is an open source pypdf module <http://pybrary.net/pyPdf/> But no hints there about print restriction. | It looks like ReportLab can allow you to set whether a PDF can be printed. See page 58 of the [manual](http://www.reportlab.com/docs/reportlab-userguide.pdf). I don't know if it can also let you control the number of prints. |
3,983 | My knowledge of how interest rates work (please correct me if I'm wrong) is that it is set by the Central Bank of a country.
They're supposed to be apolitical and independent and their decision should solely based on the CPI, which is determined by the changing costs of a basket of goods.
My question is why is CPI so low, like 3% in Australia when house prices has been rising at like 20% consistently since 2000?
Is house price actually taken into account when they determine CPI? Do they count the cost of renting in the basket of goods?
Cause people generally pay probably around 20-33% of their wage on rent and probably even more nowadays on mortgage repayment. Is the cost of money taken into account when they determine CPI? | 2010/10/05 | [
"https://money.stackexchange.com/questions/3983",
"https://money.stackexchange.com",
"https://money.stackexchange.com/users/1508/"
] | The Central Banks sets various rate for lending to Banks and Paying interest to Banks on excess funds.
Apart from these the Central Banks also sets various other ratios that either create more liquidity or remove liquidity from Market.
The CPI is just one input to the Central Bank to determine rate, is not the only deciding criteria.
The CPI does not take into account the house price or the cost of renting in the basket of goods.
One of the reasons could be that CPI contains basic essentials and also the fact that it should be easily mesurable over the period of time. For example Retail Price of a particular item is easily mesurable. The rent is not easily mesurable. | I'm not intimately familiar with the situation in Australia, but in the US the powers that be have adopted an interventionist philosophy. The Federal Reserve (Central Bank) is "buying back" US Gov't debt to keep rates low, and the government is keeping mortgage rates low buy buying mortgages with the proceeds of the cheap bond sales.
While this isn't directly related to Australia, it is relevant because the largest capital markets are in the US and influence the markets in Australia.
In the US, the CPI is a survey of all urban consumers. If you're a younger, middle class consumer with income growth ahead of you, your costs are going to shift more rapidly than an elderly or poor person who already owns or is in subsidized housing, and doesn't spend as much on transportation. For example, my parents are in their early 60's and are living in the house that I grew up in, which they own free and clear. There are alot of people like them, and they aren't affected by the swing in housing prices that we've seen in the last decade. |
3,983 | My knowledge of how interest rates work (please correct me if I'm wrong) is that it is set by the Central Bank of a country.
They're supposed to be apolitical and independent and their decision should solely based on the CPI, which is determined by the changing costs of a basket of goods.
My question is why is CPI so low, like 3% in Australia when house prices has been rising at like 20% consistently since 2000?
Is house price actually taken into account when they determine CPI? Do they count the cost of renting in the basket of goods?
Cause people generally pay probably around 20-33% of their wage on rent and probably even more nowadays on mortgage repayment. Is the cost of money taken into account when they determine CPI? | 2010/10/05 | [
"https://money.stackexchange.com/questions/3983",
"https://money.stackexchange.com",
"https://money.stackexchange.com/users/1508/"
] | The setting of interest rates (or "[repurchase rates](http://www.economypedia.com/wiki/index.php?title=Repo_rate)") varies from country to country, as well as with the independence of the central bank.
There are a number of measurements and indices that central bankers can take into account:
* **Consumer Price Inflation (CPI):** An official "basket" of consumer items is set and each month the price of these is compared to the previous month and the rate of inflation (/deflation) calculated. Each country varies, some include house prices (for a defined type of house) others include rental costs. There are even different types of CPI (urban vs rural plus different product mixes). It should be clear, given this variability, that different people could choose different (and both official and consistent) measures of CPI to suite their objectives. Given this "bias" it is essential that both central banks and statistics collection be impartial.
* **Producer Price Inflation (PPI):** Companies prefer to keep prices consistent and so pass on costs (or benefits) to their customers fairly slowly. There can be quite some lag stored up at the factory-side of production that could result in tremendous inflation sometime in the future. PPI attempts to gauge how much stress is being built up in an economy that could result in price rises, employee layoffs or even insolvencies. It is, similarly to CPI, based on a basket of goods.
* **Money Supply:** This is a measure of the amount of money available in an economy (and, again, there are numerous different definitions and baskets for analysis). A rapid growth in money supply but with minimal economic growth is likely to lead to increased PPI and CPI. Money supply can include credit demand. Credit spent on consumption is different from credit spent on capital. So money supply is simply an early indicator of potential trouble.
* **Exchange Rates, GDP and Unemployment:** The legislature can instruct the Central Bank regarding which factors to prioritise in setting interest rates and monetary policy. Any set of criteria can be used and, aside from the majors listed above, exchange rates, GDP and unemployment are also commonly included. Increased interest rates result in higher yields and may cause an inrush of "hot" short-term investments which can cause the currency to strengthen (which may result in higher inflation from imports, or trigger local production owing to import substitution).
This is a limited overview but should give an indication of just how complex tracking inflation is, let alone attempting to control it. House prices are in the mix but which house or which price?
The choice of what to measure faces the difficulty of attempting to find a symmetrical basket which really affects the majority regularly (and not everyone is buying several new houses a year so the majority are ring-fenced from fluctuations in prices at the capital end, but not from the interest-rate end).
And this is only when the various agencies (Statistics, Central Bank, Labour, etc.) are independent. In countries like Venezuela or Argentina, government has taken over release of such data and it is frequently at odds with individual experience.
Links for the US:
* [Consumer Price Data](http://www.bls.gov/cpi/cpiovrvw.htm#item1)
* [House Prices vs Rental](http://www.bls.gov/cpi/cpiqa.htm#Question_2)
* [PPI vs CPI](http://www.bls.gov/ppi/ppicpippi.htm)
* [Money Supply](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Money_supply)
* [Monetary Policy](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monetary_policy)
And, for Australia:
* [Statement on Monetary Policy](http://www.rba.gov.au/publications/smp/index.html)
* [Inflation Target](http://www.rba.gov.au/monetary-policy/inflation-target.html)
* [Interest Rate Decisions - 2010](http://www.rba.gov.au/monetary-policy/int-rate-decisions/index.html) | I'm not intimately familiar with the situation in Australia, but in the US the powers that be have adopted an interventionist philosophy. The Federal Reserve (Central Bank) is "buying back" US Gov't debt to keep rates low, and the government is keeping mortgage rates low buy buying mortgages with the proceeds of the cheap bond sales.
While this isn't directly related to Australia, it is relevant because the largest capital markets are in the US and influence the markets in Australia.
In the US, the CPI is a survey of all urban consumers. If you're a younger, middle class consumer with income growth ahead of you, your costs are going to shift more rapidly than an elderly or poor person who already owns or is in subsidized housing, and doesn't spend as much on transportation. For example, my parents are in their early 60's and are living in the house that I grew up in, which they own free and clear. There are alot of people like them, and they aren't affected by the swing in housing prices that we've seen in the last decade. |
12,898 | Interesting discussion by someone thinking of procuring a PDP-11/34, though having difficulty finding suitable space for it: <https://www.reddit.com/r/retrobattlestations/comments/dztvci/minimum_viable_system_for_pdp11/>
A comment that caught my eye:
>
> Keeping it in the garage will destroy it with the humidity and condensation as the seasons change. I've worked on machinery over the years that's been kept in garages and sheds, corrosion - and these are basic machines, it will be much less kind to electronics.
>
>
>
That seems surprisingly pessimistic! I don't have experience with mainframes or minicomputers, but I've been working with personal computers of various kinds for going on four decades, and I have never seen hardware rendered inoperable just by being in a location that is not climate controlled.
Is there something about the technology with which the older minicomputers were built, that makes them more susceptible to moisture damage? | 2019/11/27 | [
"https://retrocomputing.stackexchange.com/questions/12898",
"https://retrocomputing.stackexchange.com",
"https://retrocomputing.stackexchange.com/users/4274/"
] | If you watch enough YouTube videos of repairing old micros — and even ones that aren't that old (486s didn't come out that long ago, did they?) — you'll see a lot that have suffered some sort of damage due to storage over the years. Some damage, such as corrosion due to battery leakage or cracked circuit boards, is not due to climate. However some, such as oxidized contacts or corroded circuit board traces, is.
Old mainframes and minicomputers have a lot of points of failure compared to micros. Their construction often involves a lot of socketed components, plugs and connectors, and wire-wrapped connections. Each of these is an unprotected point where corrosion can occur. Repeated heating and cooling cycles can unseat socketed components and connectors, or weaken iffy solder joints. Humidity can corrode exposed wire, pins, and traces. Many old printed circuit boards do not have protective solder mask layers, which leaves them exposed as well. And there are a *lot* of boards, discrete components, and wired connections, which means a lot more pieces that can go bad.
Contrast this to the construction of most micros: more modern circuit boards, often (but not always, depending on age) with a protective solder mask layer. Many components are directly soldered to the board, and there are often only one or two boards. Almost all the connections are internal to the circuit boards. There are fewer discrete components, because there are more complex integrated circuits. There are far fewer exposed connections that can flake out, or components to be damaged.
Also, don't discount age as a factor. Depending on the computer, the quality of construction of some of the components may simply not have been as good because no one yet knew how to make them better, so ambient conditions may damage them too.
Saying "will destroy" may be something of an exaggeration depending on climate. A moderate or even hot, fairly dry climate will likely be reasonably kind to electronics if they're sheltered. A cool and damp one without too much temperature variation may not be a death sentence. In my opinion, a warning like that is still a good idea to someone who doesn't know the ins and outs of old electronics, since it will prevent disappointment and wasted money. | Someone can correct me if I am wrong, but I think larger components/contacts create larger shear forces due to the different rates of thermal expansion in different materials.
For instance, a tiny solder joint will have a much smaller difference between the expansion of the solder and of the plastic. |
12,898 | Interesting discussion by someone thinking of procuring a PDP-11/34, though having difficulty finding suitable space for it: <https://www.reddit.com/r/retrobattlestations/comments/dztvci/minimum_viable_system_for_pdp11/>
A comment that caught my eye:
>
> Keeping it in the garage will destroy it with the humidity and condensation as the seasons change. I've worked on machinery over the years that's been kept in garages and sheds, corrosion - and these are basic machines, it will be much less kind to electronics.
>
>
>
That seems surprisingly pessimistic! I don't have experience with mainframes or minicomputers, but I've been working with personal computers of various kinds for going on four decades, and I have never seen hardware rendered inoperable just by being in a location that is not climate controlled.
Is there something about the technology with which the older minicomputers were built, that makes them more susceptible to moisture damage? | 2019/11/27 | [
"https://retrocomputing.stackexchange.com/questions/12898",
"https://retrocomputing.stackexchange.com",
"https://retrocomputing.stackexchange.com/users/4274/"
] | If you watch enough YouTube videos of repairing old micros — and even ones that aren't that old (486s didn't come out that long ago, did they?) — you'll see a lot that have suffered some sort of damage due to storage over the years. Some damage, such as corrosion due to battery leakage or cracked circuit boards, is not due to climate. However some, such as oxidized contacts or corroded circuit board traces, is.
Old mainframes and minicomputers have a lot of points of failure compared to micros. Their construction often involves a lot of socketed components, plugs and connectors, and wire-wrapped connections. Each of these is an unprotected point where corrosion can occur. Repeated heating and cooling cycles can unseat socketed components and connectors, or weaken iffy solder joints. Humidity can corrode exposed wire, pins, and traces. Many old printed circuit boards do not have protective solder mask layers, which leaves them exposed as well. And there are a *lot* of boards, discrete components, and wired connections, which means a lot more pieces that can go bad.
Contrast this to the construction of most micros: more modern circuit boards, often (but not always, depending on age) with a protective solder mask layer. Many components are directly soldered to the board, and there are often only one or two boards. Almost all the connections are internal to the circuit boards. There are fewer discrete components, because there are more complex integrated circuits. There are far fewer exposed connections that can flake out, or components to be damaged.
Also, don't discount age as a factor. Depending on the computer, the quality of construction of some of the components may simply not have been as good because no one yet knew how to make them better, so ambient conditions may damage them too.
Saying "will destroy" may be something of an exaggeration depending on climate. A moderate or even hot, fairly dry climate will likely be reasonably kind to electronics if they're sheltered. A cool and damp one without too much temperature variation may not be a death sentence. In my opinion, a warning like that is still a good idea to someone who doesn't know the ins and outs of old electronics, since it will prevent disappointment and wasted money. | The specifications for most computers include (or used to) prohibition of 'condensing moisture' conditions.
The 'condensing moisture' means dew. On a ship, below waterline,
if there's no air conditioning, you'd violate that condition.
The reason is that the electronic parts of a computer have multiple
different small metal parts. Adjacent dissimilar metals (copper traces,
tin/lead/copper/silver/antomony solder, silver/gold/nickel/zinc plating,
steel/brass screws, etc.) are subject to electrolytic corrosion if they
get wet, and are SMALL parts, so it only takes a small bit of corrosion to
ruin them.
Most working and living spaces don't get the moisture, or temperature
swings, that produce that dew (unless it's on a windowpane) but
in my garage, it certainly CAN happen. It wouldn't be good for
the electronic parts of a computer, or even the mechanical ones. |
7,784,054 | In Chrome developer tools, instead of writing the hex code for a color it would be nice to pick from a color wheel or something like that. Does such a plugin exist? | 2011/10/16 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/7784054",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/731218/"
] | Simply [search the Google Chrome Web store for "**Color Picker**"](https://chrome.google.com/webstore/search-extensions/color%20picker). | Brian Grindstead has a work-in-progress in his blog
[Chrome Developer Tools Colorpicker Concept](http://www.briangrinstead.com/blog/chrome-developer-tools-colorpicker-concept)
edit:
Somehow late but noticed chrome now has this feature built-in (starting I think version 20+ ?) |
7,784,054 | In Chrome developer tools, instead of writing the hex code for a color it would be nice to pick from a color wheel or something like that. Does such a plugin exist? | 2011/10/16 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/7784054",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/731218/"
] | Simply [search the Google Chrome Web store for "**Color Picker**"](https://chrome.google.com/webstore/search-extensions/color%20picker). | ColorZilla is a nice choice...
<http://www.colorzilla.com/chrome/> |
7,784,054 | In Chrome developer tools, instead of writing the hex code for a color it would be nice to pick from a color wheel or something like that. Does such a plugin exist? | 2011/10/16 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/7784054",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/731218/"
] | Please track the implementation progress of a color picker for the Chrome DevTools at <http://webkit.org/b/71262>. | Brian Grindstead has a work-in-progress in his blog
[Chrome Developer Tools Colorpicker Concept](http://www.briangrinstead.com/blog/chrome-developer-tools-colorpicker-concept)
edit:
Somehow late but noticed chrome now has this feature built-in (starting I think version 20+ ?) |
7,784,054 | In Chrome developer tools, instead of writing the hex code for a color it would be nice to pick from a color wheel or something like that. Does such a plugin exist? | 2011/10/16 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/7784054",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/731218/"
] | Brian Grindstead has a work-in-progress in his blog
[Chrome Developer Tools Colorpicker Concept](http://www.briangrinstead.com/blog/chrome-developer-tools-colorpicker-concept)
edit:
Somehow late but noticed chrome now has this feature built-in (starting I think version 20+ ?) | ColorZilla is a nice choice...
<http://www.colorzilla.com/chrome/> |
7,784,054 | In Chrome developer tools, instead of writing the hex code for a color it would be nice to pick from a color wheel or something like that. Does such a plugin exist? | 2011/10/16 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/7784054",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/731218/"
] | Please track the implementation progress of a color picker for the Chrome DevTools at <http://webkit.org/b/71262>. | ColorZilla is a nice choice...
<http://www.colorzilla.com/chrome/> |
83,861 | We have a Wii balance board pressure sensor and were wondering how we could connect this sensor to an Arduino board.
On the circuit board (see picture) of the Wii Balance Board are Japanese characters printed, only those are pointing out which color there must be. The problem is, most pressure sensor examples of the Arduino are with 2 cables, but the Wii pressure sensor got 4 cables. So which cable is for what?
 | 2013/09/30 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/83861",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/29826/"
] | It has two TI ADS1222 2 channel Serial ADC converters, for four sensors total.
The two smaller ics labeled TI 93 DBA3/DBAQ are probably opamps (can't find the part) but they should trace out to the ADC converters. Most likely, LMV932s, dual low voltage high quality opamps, but they don't match the suggested topcodes.
The four pin connections are Strain gauge wheatstone bridge connections.
>
> The topmost (White) connection for each of the four bridge connections is the ground; relative to this, the two middle connections should be at 1.2 VDC, and the bottom should be at 2.7 VDC
>
>
>
The entire board acts like a standard wii remote, with a standard i2c wii balance board extension/accessory. It can be accessed via Bluetooth, or you could maybe tap into the i2c lines as well.
See <http://wiibrew.org/wiki/Wii_Balance_Board> for the bluetooth/hid descriptions and information.
Frankly, the bluetooth way is the easiest. Unfortunately, it's not as easy as the Wii Nunchuck being a simple i2c device with a connector. | I know this is a very old topic, but it looks like there is no other resource on the internet. As Peter said, it looks like the smaller IC is a OP2333. I've soldered on the OUT A and OUT B pins of this IC wires, which I connected to the analog inputs from the arduino (A0-A3). I also took a 3.3V from the board and connected it to the reference pin for the ADC of the arduino. This will work and you get usable values. |
41,118 | I read that in general rear wheel drive vehicles have break line circuits that are rear / front split, and that front wheel drive vehicles tend to be diagonally split ((LF,RR),(RF,LR)).
How useful is this as a rule of thumb when changing break fluid? Is it pretty much always correct, or does one still need to verify the split in some way before changing the fluid? | 2017/01/21 | [
"https://mechanics.stackexchange.com/questions/41118",
"https://mechanics.stackexchange.com",
"https://mechanics.stackexchange.com/users/7132/"
] | Front/rear splits should be uncommon these days. The diagonal arrangement has been the default for several decades now. A diagonal split is safer in the event of the failure of one circuit: it leaves you with one front brake, whereas a F/R split could leave you with rear brakes only, and a vastly longer stopping distance.
There are some cars with redundancy on the front axle (one circuit is front +LR, the other is front +RR), e.g. the [Volvo 240](http://www3.telus.net/wireless/car/man1977/ch6.htm). Other options are one circuit for front, another for all 4 wheels, or 2 circuits that serve 4 wheels each (Rolls-Royce do this IIRC). | When changing brake fluid you don't normally check the brake system's design; it doesn't really matter its layout. The procedure would be always the same: start purging the air from the farthermost wheel from the master cylinder, commonly the one at the rear, diagonally to the driver's seat. Then the other rear wheel. The again, the farthermost front wheel from the master cylinder, to finish with the one most close to it.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/H6kTB.jpg) |
94,049 | I have purged realvnc-vnc-server.
I have loaded xrdp
At this point nothing appear but instructions say that the xrdp server is supposed to run automatically in the background.
How do I access it? | 2019/02/09 | [
"https://raspberrypi.stackexchange.com/questions/94049",
"https://raspberrypi.stackexchange.com",
"https://raspberrypi.stackexchange.com/users/98641/"
] | This might work, but it won't work well.
The parameter you've asked about (***Vgs(th) is 2V minimum and 4V maximum***) means this:
The *threshold* voltage at which conduction begins from Drain to Source is a minimum of 2 V, and a maximum of 4 volts. Since the RPi GPIO is 3.3 V, there will be some devices that may not conduct at all. [See Fig 3 in this spec sheet.](https://www.infineon.com/dgdl/irf540n.pdf?fileId=5546d462533600a4015355e396cb199f)
Bottom Line: You need to drive your chosen MOSFET with a much higher voltage than the 3.3 V available from the RPi GPIO pin if you want your circuit to operate "properly" (within design specifications). You should have around 7 V gate-source voltage for best results - at least for this MOSFET. | OP asks if Rpi 3V GPIO signal can trigger the N-channel power MOSFET ***IRF540N*** with trigger threshold >4V to drive (a) 12VDC 35mA motor, (b) 12VDC 250mA solenoid.
A short answer is that RPi's 3V GIPO high signal can likely trigger and slightly turn on the IRF540N's channel to barely pass through <50mA and therefore can slowly move a 35mA DC motor. However the barely opened channel with high Rds on resistance does not allow enough current to drive a >100mA solenoid.
There is a get around - use a 3V/5V logical level trigger alternative such as ***IRL540N***.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/o42R7.jpg)
***References***
(1) [AN11158 Application Note Understanding power MOSFET data sheet parameters - Rev. 6.0 — 2020jul06](https://assets.nexperia.com/documents/application-note/AN11158.pdf) |
2,974,587 | Greetings!
I am using SSRS with MS SQL Server 2008 R2, which has the new feature of supporting shared datasets.
First, I created my shared dataset, and made sure that it worked correctly and had a good connection. That worked great.
Second, I created a new report (Let's call it "ReportSub"), and I had it use my shared dataset. The report works great.
Third, I created another report (Let's call is "ReportMain"), and I put a subreport object into the report and associated it with "ReportSub". Doesn't work. Instead, I get this error:
Data retrieval failed for the subreport, 'ReportSub', located at: /ReportSub. Please check the log files for more information.
Any ideas of what the problem may be? It will work if I use an embedded dataset, but I really need to use a shared dataset.
Thanks, | 2010/06/04 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2974587",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/680606/"
] | I had this problem for "preview" only. As soon as I deploy this to Reporting Service server it starts working fine. | I was experiencing this problem even after deploying. I discovered that I was prompting for datasource credentials in the subreport, but not in the main report.
After I made them both the same (prompt for credentials or set them both to use the provided credentials), the problem went away and I was able to preview. |
2,974,587 | Greetings!
I am using SSRS with MS SQL Server 2008 R2, which has the new feature of supporting shared datasets.
First, I created my shared dataset, and made sure that it worked correctly and had a good connection. That worked great.
Second, I created a new report (Let's call it "ReportSub"), and I had it use my shared dataset. The report works great.
Third, I created another report (Let's call is "ReportMain"), and I put a subreport object into the report and associated it with "ReportSub". Doesn't work. Instead, I get this error:
Data retrieval failed for the subreport, 'ReportSub', located at: /ReportSub. Please check the log files for more information.
Any ideas of what the problem may be? It will work if I use an embedded dataset, but I really need to use a shared dataset.
Thanks, | 2010/06/04 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2974587",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/680606/"
] | I had this problem for "preview" only. As soon as I deploy this to Reporting Service server it starts working fine. | I had the same problem when previewing my MainReport. The SubReport preview works fine, but the MainReport preview produces the error "Data retrieval failed for the subreport".
**The solution is not use shared dataset in the SubReport but an embedded daaset!**
I have also observed that some changes in the SubReport are not taken over by the MainReport. So I had to close and repoen the project again. |
2,974,587 | Greetings!
I am using SSRS with MS SQL Server 2008 R2, which has the new feature of supporting shared datasets.
First, I created my shared dataset, and made sure that it worked correctly and had a good connection. That worked great.
Second, I created a new report (Let's call it "ReportSub"), and I had it use my shared dataset. The report works great.
Third, I created another report (Let's call is "ReportMain"), and I put a subreport object into the report and associated it with "ReportSub". Doesn't work. Instead, I get this error:
Data retrieval failed for the subreport, 'ReportSub', located at: /ReportSub. Please check the log files for more information.
Any ideas of what the problem may be? It will work if I use an embedded dataset, but I really need to use a shared dataset.
Thanks, | 2010/06/04 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2974587",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/680606/"
] | Currently, there is no way to Preview the subreport with shared datasource/dataset in BIDS.
Link: <http://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/en/sqlreportingservices/thread/74e51434-1d14-4fb1-9b1c-1a394c187b2f> | I was experiencing this problem even after deploying. I discovered that I was prompting for datasource credentials in the subreport, but not in the main report.
After I made them both the same (prompt for credentials or set them both to use the provided credentials), the problem went away and I was able to preview. |
2,974,587 | Greetings!
I am using SSRS with MS SQL Server 2008 R2, which has the new feature of supporting shared datasets.
First, I created my shared dataset, and made sure that it worked correctly and had a good connection. That worked great.
Second, I created a new report (Let's call it "ReportSub"), and I had it use my shared dataset. The report works great.
Third, I created another report (Let's call is "ReportMain"), and I put a subreport object into the report and associated it with "ReportSub". Doesn't work. Instead, I get this error:
Data retrieval failed for the subreport, 'ReportSub', located at: /ReportSub. Please check the log files for more information.
Any ideas of what the problem may be? It will work if I use an embedded dataset, but I really need to use a shared dataset.
Thanks, | 2010/06/04 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2974587",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/680606/"
] | Currently, there is no way to Preview the subreport with shared datasource/dataset in BIDS.
Link: <http://social.msdn.microsoft.com/Forums/en/sqlreportingservices/thread/74e51434-1d14-4fb1-9b1c-1a394c187b2f> | I had the same problem when previewing my MainReport. The SubReport preview works fine, but the MainReport preview produces the error "Data retrieval failed for the subreport".
**The solution is not use shared dataset in the SubReport but an embedded daaset!**
I have also observed that some changes in the SubReport are not taken over by the MainReport. So I had to close and repoen the project again. |
2,974,587 | Greetings!
I am using SSRS with MS SQL Server 2008 R2, which has the new feature of supporting shared datasets.
First, I created my shared dataset, and made sure that it worked correctly and had a good connection. That worked great.
Second, I created a new report (Let's call it "ReportSub"), and I had it use my shared dataset. The report works great.
Third, I created another report (Let's call is "ReportMain"), and I put a subreport object into the report and associated it with "ReportSub". Doesn't work. Instead, I get this error:
Data retrieval failed for the subreport, 'ReportSub', located at: /ReportSub. Please check the log files for more information.
Any ideas of what the problem may be? It will work if I use an embedded dataset, but I really need to use a shared dataset.
Thanks, | 2010/06/04 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2974587",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/680606/"
] | I had the same problem when previewing my MainReport. The SubReport preview works fine, but the MainReport preview produces the error "Data retrieval failed for the subreport".
**The solution is not use shared dataset in the SubReport but an embedded daaset!**
I have also observed that some changes in the SubReport are not taken over by the MainReport. So I had to close and repoen the project again. | I was experiencing this problem even after deploying. I discovered that I was prompting for datasource credentials in the subreport, but not in the main report.
After I made them both the same (prompt for credentials or set them both to use the provided credentials), the problem went away and I was able to preview. |
169,142 | League of Legends has become one of the most popular games in eSports, with apparently millions of US dollars awarded in prizes in recent years. I do not play the game, but I'm fascinated by how big the competitive sphere has become and want to keep tabs on it this year.
Unfortunately I cannot find a complete high-level description of how the official League Championship Series (LCS) and/or World Championships are structured, or when they take place. There's fragmented information around (which is [out of date](http://na.leagueoflegends.com/en/competitive), [too specific](http://na.lolesports.com), or [oddly structured](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/League_of_Legends#Tournaments)), but it [lacks dates](http://na.leagueoflegends.com/en/news/esports/esports-event/2014-world-championship-heads-south-korea) and a connecting overview. Despite reading those sources, I don't understand the timeframe of "seasons" or whether one is happening now.
Please be verbose in your answer. Assume I am an outsider to the LoL community and know nothing more than that LoL is a competitive team game. Please use full dates with years in any examples. | 2014/05/24 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/169142",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/48540/"
] | Each season lasts approximately a year, and ends with the season's World Championship (WC). The World Championship usually occurs around early October (the Season 2 WC started on October 4, 2012[[1]](http://lol.gamepedia.com/Season_2_World_Championship) and the season 3 WC started on September 15, 2013[[2]](http://lol.gamepedia.com/Season_3_World_Championship)). The Season 2 WC had 12 teams participating; the Season 3 WC had 14 teams participating.
Each competitive region of League of Legends were given a certain number of teams they could send to the WC. For the Season 3 WC the distribution was as follows:
* Southeast Asia: 1 team
* Europe: 3 teams
* Taiwan / Hong Kong / Macau: 1 team
* North America: 3 teams
* South Korea: 3 teams
* Mainland China: 2 teams
* International Wildcard\*: 1 team
Two notes on this: The International Wildcard was a tournament between regions that did not yet have a large competitive scene (Brazil, Oceania, Lithuania, and Turkey) to send one team to the WC.
In addition, South Korea earned an extra spot up from their originally intended 2 spots by winning the All-Stars challenge in Shanghai, a tournament where each region sent 5 of their best players to compete in an tournament.
Each region selected their teams individually by the governing body of the competitive scene in that region. The structure of how each region decided to select which teams went to the WC is different.
North America and Europe
========================
The North American League of Legends competitive scene is ran by Riot Games. It consists of two leagues: the League Championship Series (LCS) and the North American Challenger Series (NACS).
The LCS is a competition between 10 teams as of 2015 (formerly 8). It consists of two splits, each which in turn consist of a Regular Season and the Playoffs. Here is the basic structure of a single season of the LCS, using North America 2014[[3]](http://lol.gamepedia.com/Riot_League_Championship_Series/North_America/2014_Season) as an example:
* Spring Split:
+ Spring Promotion (December 6, 2013 - December 22, 2013)
+ Spring Round Robin (January 17, 2014 - April 6, 2014)
+ Spring Playoffs (April 18, 2014 - April 20, 2014)
* Summer Split:
+ Summer Promotion
+ Summer Round Robin
+ Summer Playoffs
### Promotion Series
The Promotion Series decides which teams play in the Round Robin. The top 4 or 5 teams of the previous split stay in the Round Robin no matter what. The bottom 3 or 4 teams, decided by the Playoffs of the previous split, play against the top 3 or 4 teams of the NACS. The winning teams are seeded into the LCS Round Robin, whereas the losing teams are seeded into the NACS.
### Round Robin
The Round Robin lasts approximately 11 weeks. Across these 11 weeks, each of the 8 teams will play 4 matches against each of the other teams- 28 matches for each team. The record of wins to losses for each team is recorded. At the end of the 11 weeks, the teams are ranked according to their win-loss record.
### Playoffs
The top 6 teams participate in the Playoffs. The top 2 teams (based on the win-loss record) are given a bye to the semifinals. Here's an [example](http://lol.gamepedia.com/Riot_League_Championship_Series/North_America/2014_Season/Spring_Playoffs) of the playoff bracket layout.
The European LCS is ran the same way.
The top 3 teams of the Summer Playoffs are then sent to the WC. | The League Championship Series regular season starts early spring/late winter, in this year's case, January 17th. The season goes on until August 31st, then the top placing team from leagues around the world, based on their performance in their season from late winter - mid summer, competes in the World Championship which is scheduled to start during October.
The regular season for the LCS is divided into two splits for NA and EU: Spring split, and the Summer split.
At the beginning of each split are the qualifier matches where strong Challenger teams (high ranked teams that play competitively that want a chance at getting in the LCS and playing professionally) compete in a round-robin based tournament against existing LCS teams from the last season, who also must play well against the Challenger teams to secure a position in the LCS.
After the Spring split ends and the prize money is distributed respectfully to 1st to 4th placing teams in the league, the Summer split starts similarly to the way the Spring split started.
Also, between the Spring split and the Summer split is an All-Star tournament, where the winning teams of the Spring splits from league all over the world come and compete in a tournament.
As of now we are a week into the Summer Split. The teams end their regular season late summer as the top playing teams compete in the world championship for millions of dollars of prize money.
More info can be found here (although this is info on last year's season, many things are still the same) <http://tournaments.leagueoflegends.com/s3-na-qualifiers/article/season-3-league-legends-championship-series> |
1,213,777 | So, my old 60G SSD now lives in an external USB enclosure. I want to install Linux in it, but I want to have the option to run on older hardware if necessary, so I would like to have both 32 and 64-bit boot options on the same drive, and partition if possible.
Is it possible? Any ideas? | 2017/05/28 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/1213777",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/14380/"
] | Short answer: It's possible on the same partition, but use 2 partitions instead
Long answer: All mainstream distros will be unable to (or at least crippled if) have 32 and 64 bit versions in the same file system. There are some specialist possibilities, but this is not what you want to boot from this drive on arbitrary machines.
But all mainstream distros will work perfectly fine if you install a 64 Bit version on one partition, then a 32 Bit version on a second. If you aim for low-RAM machines add a 3rd partition as swap, this can be shared between both installations. | Just make two ext4 partitions e.g. with gparted and one swap partition. Then you can install two versions of linux. Most linux distributions should install and configure the boot manager correctly automatically. they will ask during installation where you want to install the grub boot manager. Just pick the usb ssd. |
211,052 | So I'm in Des Moines, Iowa and we have a good number of user groups in our area considering our size. Ruby, .Net, Java, Agile, \*nix, etc... Well, tonight a good number of us "leaders" of said user groups got together for a couple drinks and to talk about how we can work together to help make the "DeMo" (I keep seeing this on Twitter) user group scene better.
We came up with a number of rather good ideas, but I'm curious. What compels you to attend your local user group(s)? Dig deep here guys. Maybe it is the free pizza, or the give aways. But I'm more interested to know about things out side of the freebie stuff. | 2008/10/17 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/211052",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/23458/"
] | I've always found the professional networking to be completely invaluable. I got my current job because of the Denver Java Users Group and it was one of the best choices I've ever made. | A little different approach, but I can tell you what keeps me away... I've always been interested in going, but just don't make it to any of them.
* Most of them seem to be in small towns an hour away, right after work, so I'd miss a significant portion of the meeting.
* The rare one that meets here in the city seems to want to meet at night in a part of town I don't want to go to even during the day. |
211,052 | So I'm in Des Moines, Iowa and we have a good number of user groups in our area considering our size. Ruby, .Net, Java, Agile, \*nix, etc... Well, tonight a good number of us "leaders" of said user groups got together for a couple drinks and to talk about how we can work together to help make the "DeMo" (I keep seeing this on Twitter) user group scene better.
We came up with a number of rather good ideas, but I'm curious. What compels you to attend your local user group(s)? Dig deep here guys. Maybe it is the free pizza, or the give aways. But I'm more interested to know about things out side of the freebie stuff. | 2008/10/17 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/211052",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/23458/"
] | I know of 3 different types of events around here for local user groups where each has its own pull:
1) Presentations/Talks - Where someone comes in and talks for an hour or two on a subject to either introduce or advance the knowledge of a technology. So, an introduction Dependency Injection or Windows Workflow are a couple of examples. There are also what are called "deep dives" where the idea is to get really down into the topic and see various tips and tricks and try to improve how all of us develop software well. There are times where Microsoft will rent a movie theater screen for a day and have a series of 4 presentations about their latest technologies would be another example here. This can also include things like the Agile Project Leadership Network.
2) [Code camp](http://torontocodecamp) - These are *sooo cool*, I love these where part of the idea is that people volunteer to show something off, and the work isn't canned. By canned I mean that the demonstration code is all prepared and we can't see how long it took to get the code to be that way, e.g. a dozen files of code that took a dozen hours to get from nothing to this state that in a demo may seem like this should just come out within a few hours which isn't realistic. Here they have taken a few rooms at a local university to do it. [One blogger's view of one a couple of years ago.](http://weblogs.asp.net/bsimser/archive/2006/05/28/Calgary-Code-Camp_2C00_-a-huge-success_2100_.aspx)
3) [Open spaces](http://www.altnetconfcanada.com/home/index.castle) - This was an *awesome* event that I really look forward to the next one. A bunch of other developers come together and self-organize discuss whatever we want in a sense. The discussions had were varied and in some cases the results weren't great, like how do we get others to take their off time and come to these things or other ways to volunteer our skills beyond open source projects. [What was going on the first day link.](http://weblogs.asp.net/bsimser/archive/2008/08/16/alt-net-canada-day-1-immersion.aspx)
Each of the last two occur on a weekend so it isn't during work hours. Sometimes the joy of seeing something new or a better way to do something can really be rewarding, in addition to the good networking opportunity where you'll never know where the people are that come to these things as the Open Spaces had a few people from other countries present which added a nice diversity dimension to things.
Are there other local user group type events? | I've always found the professional networking to be completely invaluable. I got my current job because of the Denver Java Users Group and it was one of the best choices I've ever made. |
211,052 | So I'm in Des Moines, Iowa and we have a good number of user groups in our area considering our size. Ruby, .Net, Java, Agile, \*nix, etc... Well, tonight a good number of us "leaders" of said user groups got together for a couple drinks and to talk about how we can work together to help make the "DeMo" (I keep seeing this on Twitter) user group scene better.
We came up with a number of rather good ideas, but I'm curious. What compels you to attend your local user group(s)? Dig deep here guys. Maybe it is the free pizza, or the give aways. But I'm more interested to know about things out side of the freebie stuff. | 2008/10/17 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/211052",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/23458/"
] | I've always found the professional networking to be completely invaluable. I got my current job because of the Denver Java Users Group and it was one of the best choices I've ever made. | I have been attending local JUG meetings for some time and based on that I would say:
* Networking, this is important for me as I have recently relocated
* Organizing the event itself can be fun
* Free beer! |
211,052 | So I'm in Des Moines, Iowa and we have a good number of user groups in our area considering our size. Ruby, .Net, Java, Agile, \*nix, etc... Well, tonight a good number of us "leaders" of said user groups got together for a couple drinks and to talk about how we can work together to help make the "DeMo" (I keep seeing this on Twitter) user group scene better.
We came up with a number of rather good ideas, but I'm curious. What compels you to attend your local user group(s)? Dig deep here guys. Maybe it is the free pizza, or the give aways. But I'm more interested to know about things out side of the freebie stuff. | 2008/10/17 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/211052",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/23458/"
] | Many people really have different reasons for attending, with many of them denying it but are really just after the food and schwags (of course I kid ^\_^). But there *are* a few other things that interest me, particularly:
* Professional networking (as Eric stated above)
* Ability to find out what I've missed out on (if I'm not "drinking from the fire hose" on Google Reader because I was uber-busy)
* Certificate of participation (some employers use UG participation as points towards merit)
* Brownie points on resumes (if you are the speaker, that is)
* Food and schwag (oops, mentioned that already) | A little different approach, but I can tell you what keeps me away... I've always been interested in going, but just don't make it to any of them.
* Most of them seem to be in small towns an hour away, right after work, so I'd miss a significant portion of the meeting.
* The rare one that meets here in the city seems to want to meet at night in a part of town I don't want to go to even during the day. |
211,052 | So I'm in Des Moines, Iowa and we have a good number of user groups in our area considering our size. Ruby, .Net, Java, Agile, \*nix, etc... Well, tonight a good number of us "leaders" of said user groups got together for a couple drinks and to talk about how we can work together to help make the "DeMo" (I keep seeing this on Twitter) user group scene better.
We came up with a number of rather good ideas, but I'm curious. What compels you to attend your local user group(s)? Dig deep here guys. Maybe it is the free pizza, or the give aways. But I'm more interested to know about things out side of the freebie stuff. | 2008/10/17 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/211052",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/23458/"
] | I know of 3 different types of events around here for local user groups where each has its own pull:
1) Presentations/Talks - Where someone comes in and talks for an hour or two on a subject to either introduce or advance the knowledge of a technology. So, an introduction Dependency Injection or Windows Workflow are a couple of examples. There are also what are called "deep dives" where the idea is to get really down into the topic and see various tips and tricks and try to improve how all of us develop software well. There are times where Microsoft will rent a movie theater screen for a day and have a series of 4 presentations about their latest technologies would be another example here. This can also include things like the Agile Project Leadership Network.
2) [Code camp](http://torontocodecamp) - These are *sooo cool*, I love these where part of the idea is that people volunteer to show something off, and the work isn't canned. By canned I mean that the demonstration code is all prepared and we can't see how long it took to get the code to be that way, e.g. a dozen files of code that took a dozen hours to get from nothing to this state that in a demo may seem like this should just come out within a few hours which isn't realistic. Here they have taken a few rooms at a local university to do it. [One blogger's view of one a couple of years ago.](http://weblogs.asp.net/bsimser/archive/2006/05/28/Calgary-Code-Camp_2C00_-a-huge-success_2100_.aspx)
3) [Open spaces](http://www.altnetconfcanada.com/home/index.castle) - This was an *awesome* event that I really look forward to the next one. A bunch of other developers come together and self-organize discuss whatever we want in a sense. The discussions had were varied and in some cases the results weren't great, like how do we get others to take their off time and come to these things or other ways to volunteer our skills beyond open source projects. [What was going on the first day link.](http://weblogs.asp.net/bsimser/archive/2008/08/16/alt-net-canada-day-1-immersion.aspx)
Each of the last two occur on a weekend so it isn't during work hours. Sometimes the joy of seeing something new or a better way to do something can really be rewarding, in addition to the good networking opportunity where you'll never know where the people are that come to these things as the Open Spaces had a few people from other countries present which added a nice diversity dimension to things.
Are there other local user group type events? | A little different approach, but I can tell you what keeps me away... I've always been interested in going, but just don't make it to any of them.
* Most of them seem to be in small towns an hour away, right after work, so I'd miss a significant portion of the meeting.
* The rare one that meets here in the city seems to want to meet at night in a part of town I don't want to go to even during the day. |
211,052 | So I'm in Des Moines, Iowa and we have a good number of user groups in our area considering our size. Ruby, .Net, Java, Agile, \*nix, etc... Well, tonight a good number of us "leaders" of said user groups got together for a couple drinks and to talk about how we can work together to help make the "DeMo" (I keep seeing this on Twitter) user group scene better.
We came up with a number of rather good ideas, but I'm curious. What compels you to attend your local user group(s)? Dig deep here guys. Maybe it is the free pizza, or the give aways. But I'm more interested to know about things out side of the freebie stuff. | 2008/10/17 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/211052",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/23458/"
] | I really just like the idea of meeting people who are as excited about a certain topic as I am; it's exciting and inspiring. Especially since I live in a fairly small midwestern town, people with common interests in computer technologies will not be very abundant, so the social aspect is really appealing | Because I get to see cool things like [this](http://vimeo.com/1980031) (video - RFID deadbolt with embedded RFID tag. And I do mean embedded!)
Of course, this is one of the few groups I make time for - I don't have time to attend every group I'd like to, but this one has a mix of interesting Make, software, etc so they're never boring.
Try to understand what your users need, and provide it is the best advice I can give. Only you know your audience.
-Adam |
211,052 | So I'm in Des Moines, Iowa and we have a good number of user groups in our area considering our size. Ruby, .Net, Java, Agile, \*nix, etc... Well, tonight a good number of us "leaders" of said user groups got together for a couple drinks and to talk about how we can work together to help make the "DeMo" (I keep seeing this on Twitter) user group scene better.
We came up with a number of rather good ideas, but I'm curious. What compels you to attend your local user group(s)? Dig deep here guys. Maybe it is the free pizza, or the give aways. But I'm more interested to know about things out side of the freebie stuff. | 2008/10/17 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/211052",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/23458/"
] | I know of 3 different types of events around here for local user groups where each has its own pull:
1) Presentations/Talks - Where someone comes in and talks for an hour or two on a subject to either introduce or advance the knowledge of a technology. So, an introduction Dependency Injection or Windows Workflow are a couple of examples. There are also what are called "deep dives" where the idea is to get really down into the topic and see various tips and tricks and try to improve how all of us develop software well. There are times where Microsoft will rent a movie theater screen for a day and have a series of 4 presentations about their latest technologies would be another example here. This can also include things like the Agile Project Leadership Network.
2) [Code camp](http://torontocodecamp) - These are *sooo cool*, I love these where part of the idea is that people volunteer to show something off, and the work isn't canned. By canned I mean that the demonstration code is all prepared and we can't see how long it took to get the code to be that way, e.g. a dozen files of code that took a dozen hours to get from nothing to this state that in a demo may seem like this should just come out within a few hours which isn't realistic. Here they have taken a few rooms at a local university to do it. [One blogger's view of one a couple of years ago.](http://weblogs.asp.net/bsimser/archive/2006/05/28/Calgary-Code-Camp_2C00_-a-huge-success_2100_.aspx)
3) [Open spaces](http://www.altnetconfcanada.com/home/index.castle) - This was an *awesome* event that I really look forward to the next one. A bunch of other developers come together and self-organize discuss whatever we want in a sense. The discussions had were varied and in some cases the results weren't great, like how do we get others to take their off time and come to these things or other ways to volunteer our skills beyond open source projects. [What was going on the first day link.](http://weblogs.asp.net/bsimser/archive/2008/08/16/alt-net-canada-day-1-immersion.aspx)
Each of the last two occur on a weekend so it isn't during work hours. Sometimes the joy of seeing something new or a better way to do something can really be rewarding, in addition to the good networking opportunity where you'll never know where the people are that come to these things as the Open Spaces had a few people from other countries present which added a nice diversity dimension to things.
Are there other local user group type events? | I really just like the idea of meeting people who are as excited about a certain topic as I am; it's exciting and inspiring. Especially since I live in a fairly small midwestern town, people with common interests in computer technologies will not be very abundant, so the social aspect is really appealing |
211,052 | So I'm in Des Moines, Iowa and we have a good number of user groups in our area considering our size. Ruby, .Net, Java, Agile, \*nix, etc... Well, tonight a good number of us "leaders" of said user groups got together for a couple drinks and to talk about how we can work together to help make the "DeMo" (I keep seeing this on Twitter) user group scene better.
We came up with a number of rather good ideas, but I'm curious. What compels you to attend your local user group(s)? Dig deep here guys. Maybe it is the free pizza, or the give aways. But I'm more interested to know about things out side of the freebie stuff. | 2008/10/17 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/211052",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/23458/"
] | I really just like the idea of meeting people who are as excited about a certain topic as I am; it's exciting and inspiring. Especially since I live in a fairly small midwestern town, people with common interests in computer technologies will not be very abundant, so the social aspect is really appealing | A little different approach, but I can tell you what keeps me away... I've always been interested in going, but just don't make it to any of them.
* Most of them seem to be in small towns an hour away, right after work, so I'd miss a significant portion of the meeting.
* The rare one that meets here in the city seems to want to meet at night in a part of town I don't want to go to even during the day. |
211,052 | So I'm in Des Moines, Iowa and we have a good number of user groups in our area considering our size. Ruby, .Net, Java, Agile, \*nix, etc... Well, tonight a good number of us "leaders" of said user groups got together for a couple drinks and to talk about how we can work together to help make the "DeMo" (I keep seeing this on Twitter) user group scene better.
We came up with a number of rather good ideas, but I'm curious. What compels you to attend your local user group(s)? Dig deep here guys. Maybe it is the free pizza, or the give aways. But I'm more interested to know about things out side of the freebie stuff. | 2008/10/17 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/211052",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/23458/"
] | I've always found the professional networking to be completely invaluable. I got my current job because of the Denver Java Users Group and it was one of the best choices I've ever made. | Many people really have different reasons for attending, with many of them denying it but are really just after the food and schwags (of course I kid ^\_^). But there *are* a few other things that interest me, particularly:
* Professional networking (as Eric stated above)
* Ability to find out what I've missed out on (if I'm not "drinking from the fire hose" on Google Reader because I was uber-busy)
* Certificate of participation (some employers use UG participation as points towards merit)
* Brownie points on resumes (if you are the speaker, that is)
* Food and schwag (oops, mentioned that already) |
211,052 | So I'm in Des Moines, Iowa and we have a good number of user groups in our area considering our size. Ruby, .Net, Java, Agile, \*nix, etc... Well, tonight a good number of us "leaders" of said user groups got together for a couple drinks and to talk about how we can work together to help make the "DeMo" (I keep seeing this on Twitter) user group scene better.
We came up with a number of rather good ideas, but I'm curious. What compels you to attend your local user group(s)? Dig deep here guys. Maybe it is the free pizza, or the give aways. But I'm more interested to know about things out side of the freebie stuff. | 2008/10/17 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/211052",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/23458/"
] | I know of 3 different types of events around here for local user groups where each has its own pull:
1) Presentations/Talks - Where someone comes in and talks for an hour or two on a subject to either introduce or advance the knowledge of a technology. So, an introduction Dependency Injection or Windows Workflow are a couple of examples. There are also what are called "deep dives" where the idea is to get really down into the topic and see various tips and tricks and try to improve how all of us develop software well. There are times where Microsoft will rent a movie theater screen for a day and have a series of 4 presentations about their latest technologies would be another example here. This can also include things like the Agile Project Leadership Network.
2) [Code camp](http://torontocodecamp) - These are *sooo cool*, I love these where part of the idea is that people volunteer to show something off, and the work isn't canned. By canned I mean that the demonstration code is all prepared and we can't see how long it took to get the code to be that way, e.g. a dozen files of code that took a dozen hours to get from nothing to this state that in a demo may seem like this should just come out within a few hours which isn't realistic. Here they have taken a few rooms at a local university to do it. [One blogger's view of one a couple of years ago.](http://weblogs.asp.net/bsimser/archive/2006/05/28/Calgary-Code-Camp_2C00_-a-huge-success_2100_.aspx)
3) [Open spaces](http://www.altnetconfcanada.com/home/index.castle) - This was an *awesome* event that I really look forward to the next one. A bunch of other developers come together and self-organize discuss whatever we want in a sense. The discussions had were varied and in some cases the results weren't great, like how do we get others to take their off time and come to these things or other ways to volunteer our skills beyond open source projects. [What was going on the first day link.](http://weblogs.asp.net/bsimser/archive/2008/08/16/alt-net-canada-day-1-immersion.aspx)
Each of the last two occur on a weekend so it isn't during work hours. Sometimes the joy of seeing something new or a better way to do something can really be rewarding, in addition to the good networking opportunity where you'll never know where the people are that come to these things as the Open Spaces had a few people from other countries present which added a nice diversity dimension to things.
Are there other local user group type events? | Because I get to see cool things like [this](http://vimeo.com/1980031) (video - RFID deadbolt with embedded RFID tag. And I do mean embedded!)
Of course, this is one of the few groups I make time for - I don't have time to attend every group I'd like to, but this one has a mix of interesting Make, software, etc so they're never boring.
Try to understand what your users need, and provide it is the best advice I can give. Only you know your audience.
-Adam |
177,376 | I encountered the following two examples:
>
> 1. Moreover, the proposed scheme is designed in an ID-based setting **and so** the necessity for certificates and some related problems are eliminated.
> 2. Our scheme also achieves setup-freeness **and so** a user can enjoy the fairness provided by the fair exchange scheme without interacting with the arbitrator for registration.
>
>
>
Is this type of construction (*and so*) correct? Should there be some commas somewhere? Are they not just two independent clauses joined by *and so*? | 2014/06/12 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/177376",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/68457/"
] | Please take a look at the sixth definition of *and* on [OALD](http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/and). The definition states that *and* can be used to show the result.
>
> Is this type of construction (and so) correct?
>
>
>
In your examples, the two words - *and* and *so* - duplicate the presentation of causuality. Semantically, the use of *and so* is incorrect.
Note that sometimes *and so* is used not to join two independent clauses.
>
> Judging the beauty of poems and plays is evidently not immediate and so evidently not a matter of taste.
>
>
> | This usage of *and so* is a more colloquial conjunction than a strictly grammatical one, so in technical or formal writing I would advise against it.
Regarding whether the examples should contain commas: That addition of the colloquial *and* keeps the clauses clearly independent without resorting to commas. I subscribe to the belief that unnecessary commas should always be omitted, so in these examples I would prefer ", so" but would not add commas if left with the "and so" conjunction as presented. |
177,376 | I encountered the following two examples:
>
> 1. Moreover, the proposed scheme is designed in an ID-based setting **and so** the necessity for certificates and some related problems are eliminated.
> 2. Our scheme also achieves setup-freeness **and so** a user can enjoy the fairness provided by the fair exchange scheme without interacting with the arbitrator for registration.
>
>
>
Is this type of construction (*and so*) correct? Should there be some commas somewhere? Are they not just two independent clauses joined by *and so*? | 2014/06/12 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/177376",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/68457/"
] | For "correct English", there has to be a comma before "and so" in both of these cases, since an independent clause follows both (ie. if you put what follows "and so" on its own as a sentence, it would make sense grammatically by itself). In any case, it'd surely be understood without the commas, and clarity is the most important thing. | This usage of *and so* is a more colloquial conjunction than a strictly grammatical one, so in technical or formal writing I would advise against it.
Regarding whether the examples should contain commas: That addition of the colloquial *and* keeps the clauses clearly independent without resorting to commas. I subscribe to the belief that unnecessary commas should always be omitted, so in these examples I would prefer ", so" but would not add commas if left with the "and so" conjunction as presented. |
177,376 | I encountered the following two examples:
>
> 1. Moreover, the proposed scheme is designed in an ID-based setting **and so** the necessity for certificates and some related problems are eliminated.
> 2. Our scheme also achieves setup-freeness **and so** a user can enjoy the fairness provided by the fair exchange scheme without interacting with the arbitrator for registration.
>
>
>
Is this type of construction (*and so*) correct? Should there be some commas somewhere? Are they not just two independent clauses joined by *and so*? | 2014/06/12 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/177376",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/68457/"
] | Please take a look at the sixth definition of *and* on [OALD](http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/and). The definition states that *and* can be used to show the result.
>
> Is this type of construction (and so) correct?
>
>
>
In your examples, the two words - *and* and *so* - duplicate the presentation of causuality. Semantically, the use of *and so* is incorrect.
Note that sometimes *and so* is used not to join two independent clauses.
>
> Judging the beauty of poems and plays is evidently not immediate and so evidently not a matter of taste.
>
>
> | For "correct English", there has to be a comma before "and so" in both of these cases, since an independent clause follows both (ie. if you put what follows "and so" on its own as a sentence, it would make sense grammatically by itself). In any case, it'd surely be understood without the commas, and clarity is the most important thing. |
177,376 | I encountered the following two examples:
>
> 1. Moreover, the proposed scheme is designed in an ID-based setting **and so** the necessity for certificates and some related problems are eliminated.
> 2. Our scheme also achieves setup-freeness **and so** a user can enjoy the fairness provided by the fair exchange scheme without interacting with the arbitrator for registration.
>
>
>
Is this type of construction (*and so*) correct? Should there be some commas somewhere? Are they not just two independent clauses joined by *and so*? | 2014/06/12 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/177376",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/68457/"
] | Please take a look at the sixth definition of *and* on [OALD](http://www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com/definition/english/and). The definition states that *and* can be used to show the result.
>
> Is this type of construction (and so) correct?
>
>
>
In your examples, the two words - *and* and *so* - duplicate the presentation of causuality. Semantically, the use of *and so* is incorrect.
Note that sometimes *and so* is used not to join two independent clauses.
>
> Judging the beauty of poems and plays is evidently not immediate and so evidently not a matter of taste.
>
>
> | Moreover, the proposed scheme is designed in an ID-based setting, so the necessity for certificates and some related problems is eliminated.
In other words, add a comma then delete the "and". You also need to change the "are" to "is" in this sentence, because "are eliminated" is grammatically incorrect. Because you're referring to "necessity" which is singular, you should write "is eliminated". |
177,376 | I encountered the following two examples:
>
> 1. Moreover, the proposed scheme is designed in an ID-based setting **and so** the necessity for certificates and some related problems are eliminated.
> 2. Our scheme also achieves setup-freeness **and so** a user can enjoy the fairness provided by the fair exchange scheme without interacting with the arbitrator for registration.
>
>
>
Is this type of construction (*and so*) correct? Should there be some commas somewhere? Are they not just two independent clauses joined by *and so*? | 2014/06/12 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/177376",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/68457/"
] | For "correct English", there has to be a comma before "and so" in both of these cases, since an independent clause follows both (ie. if you put what follows "and so" on its own as a sentence, it would make sense grammatically by itself). In any case, it'd surely be understood without the commas, and clarity is the most important thing. | Moreover, the proposed scheme is designed in an ID-based setting, so the necessity for certificates and some related problems is eliminated.
In other words, add a comma then delete the "and". You also need to change the "are" to "is" in this sentence, because "are eliminated" is grammatically incorrect. Because you're referring to "necessity" which is singular, you should write "is eliminated". |
11,824 | As many games grow (more specifically, pokemon go) the content of arqade has become mostly pokemon-go based. Should we create a new community for just those games? Or should we wait for the popularity of those games to die down? | 2016/07/18 | [
"https://gaming.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/11824",
"https://gaming.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.meta.stackexchange.com/users/133173/"
] | Have you seen how many Minecraft questions we have? We have 7047 and counting, and yet, every time someone proposes a SE site dedicated to Minecraft in A51, it gets closed as a duplicate of the Arqade. We don't need to create a separate site to handle questions for a specific game. We have plenty of active members and high rep members, plus an awesome group of mods to deal with the traffic. All creating a new SE site for a specific game will do is draw traffic away from here to another site, and we don't want to have sites competing for traffic in the same scope and community.
**TLDR** We don't need to create new sites dedicated to super popular games. | Never.
Filtering by game tag works very well for this purpose. And if you're really annoyed by the currently popular game, just ignore the tag.
New SE sites are created when the topic doesn't entirely fit into an existing site. They're usually not created for complete subsets of existing sites. Even in cases where it might look like this, e.g. the Drupal site is very similar to the Drupal tag on Stack Overflow, there are questions that are accepted on Drupal that would not fit to SO. The new site is not a complete subset, only a partial one.
I don't see any compelling reason to split off any particular game from this site. |
11,824 | As many games grow (more specifically, pokemon go) the content of arqade has become mostly pokemon-go based. Should we create a new community for just those games? Or should we wait for the popularity of those games to die down? | 2016/07/18 | [
"https://gaming.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/11824",
"https://gaming.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.meta.stackexchange.com/users/133173/"
] | Have you seen how many Minecraft questions we have? We have 7047 and counting, and yet, every time someone proposes a SE site dedicated to Minecraft in A51, it gets closed as a duplicate of the Arqade. We don't need to create a separate site to handle questions for a specific game. We have plenty of active members and high rep members, plus an awesome group of mods to deal with the traffic. All creating a new SE site for a specific game will do is draw traffic away from here to another site, and we don't want to have sites competing for traffic in the same scope and community.
**TLDR** We don't need to create new sites dedicated to super popular games. | You already have detailed answers for why we don't split off games into new sites.
The only justification I can give with going ahead with a new site is when the questions for a game go beyond just playing the game.
Minecraft appears to span multiple sites. I have seen questions across several sites:
[StackOverflow](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/minecraft) - 1,305 questions regarding programming mods
[Game Development](https://gamedev.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/minecraft) - 170 questions regarding design/dev of Minecraft features
[Arqade](https://gaming.stackexchange.com/tags/minecraft/info) - Thousands across a large number of tags that mostly deal with playing
As you can see, Minecraft features across at least 3 StackExchange sites. For a user asking something in the realms of making mods or programming command blocks, or even server configuration, there is a probably something lost putting this into one specific site. Do Minecraft experts actively watch the tags across multiple sites?
I'm sure there is a strong argument for keeping things the way they are. To be fair, the on-topic/off-topic nature of Minecraft questions across all 3 sites has had plenty of community discussions.
However, I'm sure there are some common or useful questions that don't fit into any site. For example, no site wants to deal with crashes when a mod has been installed (this is a frequent question to this site).
I believe there have been numerous attempts to get Minecraft its own site, but they seem to have failed:
<http://area51.stackexchange.com/proposals/100612/minecraft-modding> |
11,824 | As many games grow (more specifically, pokemon go) the content of arqade has become mostly pokemon-go based. Should we create a new community for just those games? Or should we wait for the popularity of those games to die down? | 2016/07/18 | [
"https://gaming.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/11824",
"https://gaming.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.meta.stackexchange.com/users/133173/"
] | Never.
Filtering by game tag works very well for this purpose. And if you're really annoyed by the currently popular game, just ignore the tag.
New SE sites are created when the topic doesn't entirely fit into an existing site. They're usually not created for complete subsets of existing sites. Even in cases where it might look like this, e.g. the Drupal site is very similar to the Drupal tag on Stack Overflow, there are questions that are accepted on Drupal that would not fit to SO. The new site is not a complete subset, only a partial one.
I don't see any compelling reason to split off any particular game from this site. | You already have detailed answers for why we don't split off games into new sites.
The only justification I can give with going ahead with a new site is when the questions for a game go beyond just playing the game.
Minecraft appears to span multiple sites. I have seen questions across several sites:
[StackOverflow](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/minecraft) - 1,305 questions regarding programming mods
[Game Development](https://gamedev.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/minecraft) - 170 questions regarding design/dev of Minecraft features
[Arqade](https://gaming.stackexchange.com/tags/minecraft/info) - Thousands across a large number of tags that mostly deal with playing
As you can see, Minecraft features across at least 3 StackExchange sites. For a user asking something in the realms of making mods or programming command blocks, or even server configuration, there is a probably something lost putting this into one specific site. Do Minecraft experts actively watch the tags across multiple sites?
I'm sure there is a strong argument for keeping things the way they are. To be fair, the on-topic/off-topic nature of Minecraft questions across all 3 sites has had plenty of community discussions.
However, I'm sure there are some common or useful questions that don't fit into any site. For example, no site wants to deal with crashes when a mod has been installed (this is a frequent question to this site).
I believe there have been numerous attempts to get Minecraft its own site, but they seem to have failed:
<http://area51.stackexchange.com/proposals/100612/minecraft-modding> |
181,655 | I'm confused because I see the two versions on Google Books:
"[cut back/down my shifts](https://www.google.com.tw/search?q=%22cut%20down%20my%20shifts%22&source=lnms&tbm=bks&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwiapvK1p-_dAhXFf7wKHXdnBbYQ_AUIEygA&biw=1856&bih=960)"
"[cut back/down on my shifts](https://www.google.com.tw/search?biw=1856&bih=960&tbm=bks&ei=4lm3W_XsC4SJ8wXOlrWoBg&q=%22cut%20down%20on%20my%20shifts%22&oq=%22cut%20down%20on%20my%20shifts%22&gs_l=psy-ab.3...164925.165090.0.165214.3.3.0.0.0.0.107.225.2j1.3.0....0...1c.1.64.psy-ab..1.1.106...33i10k1.0.uNl8Dli9TMc)"
What's the correct alternative? Or they are both correct? | 2018/10/05 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/181655",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/1806/"
] | * to cut back on the number of hours one works in a shift, or per week, etc.
* cut back down on the number of hours one works
**The boss cut back my hours**. Now, I only have 20 hours a week instead of 25.
You would **only say "cut back down"** **if \*\*previously** the hours had been cut back\*\*.
**cut down** my shifts\*\* is not idiomatic.
The board was cut down to fit the opening. [reduced in size]
For shifts: to cut back my hours, no **on**.
cut back on [something] means to consume less of something | In my view, neither one of them [cut down, cut down on] is "correct" there but you will hear *some* native speakers saying both.
To **cut down *on*** something is to consume less of it, or to engage in it less frequently.
>
> He wanted to cut down on carbohydrates.
>
>
> You should really cut down on your drinking.
>
>
> He made a resolution to cut down on playing video games.
>
>
>
Some native speakers would "repurpose" the phrase to mean "to lower the number or frequency of something"
>
> I wish I could cut down on my shifts at the fast-food restaurant.
>
>
> I wish I could cut down my shifts at the fast-food restaurant.
>
>
>
P.S. As for **cut back (on)** it means "to reduce the amount of something".
>
> The soup's good but you might want to cut back on the hot peppers.
>
>
> The company is cutting back on its advertising budget.
>
>
>
If the speaker works in an industry where the number of shifts per week can vary, and the duration of these shifts can vary as well, both phrases could work, since the speaker could have the total hours in mind in either case. In these industries workers "take shifts":
>
> Can you take the 4PM to 11PM shift on Wednesday and the breakfast shift on Thursday?
>
>
> |
2,075 | I know this differs from country to country, from person to person (depending on how much you already have saved), but I'm curious about the simplest example.
Let's say I have little to no money.
I can:
* Get a loan and buy a house, or
* I can live for the rest of my life in rent and save the extra money (investing and stuff).
Which is generally the better option (financially)? | 2010/06/17 | [
"https://money.stackexchange.com/questions/2075",
"https://money.stackexchange.com",
"https://money.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | The general answer is: "it depends on how long you want to live there".
Here is a good calculator to figure it out:
<http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/business/buy-rent-calculator.html>
Basically, if you plan to move in a few years, then renting makes more sense. It is a lot easier to move from an apartment when your lease is up versus selling a house, which can be subject to fluctuations in the real-estate market. As an example, during the real estate bubble, a lot of "young professional" types bought condos and town homes instead of renting. Now these people are married with kids, need to move somewhere bigger, but they can't get rid of their old place because they can't sell it for what they still owe. If these people had rented for a few years, they would be in a better position financially. (Many people fell for the mantra "If you are renting, you are throwing your money away", without looking at the long-term implications.)
However, your question is a little unique, because you mentioned renting for the rest of your life, and putting the savings into an investment, which is a cool idea. (Thinking outside the box, I like it.)
I'm going to assume you mean "rent the same place for many years" versus "moving around the country every few years". If you are staying in one place for a long time, I am going to say that buying a house is probably a better option. Here's why:
* With a mortgage, at some point you stop sending a check every month. With rent, the payments never stop.
* At the end of the mortgage, you have an asset that is worth a lot of money (your house). You can sell it and travel the world, give it to your kids, etc. (**EDIT:** With the rent+invest approach, you would have your investment portfolio as a sizable asset. It is open to discussion which one would come out ahead.)
* With a mortgage, your payments are a fixed amount (unless you have an ARM). Inflation drives prices up over time, but your mortgage payment stays the same. In fact, ***inflation helps the homeowner*** by making the last mortgage payment "cheaper" than the first one. Rent prices tend to keep pace with inflation. Your landlord will probably increase the rent periodically.
* There are tax advantages to buying a house (in the US anyway). Your mortgage interest is a tax deduction. There are also tax credits for certain home improvements (e.g. installing an energy efficient A/C). You can't take advantage of these when you rent.
* Over the long term, home prices do go up (population is increasing, but there is a finite amount of land). I am **not** saying the house is a good "investment", but its value normally won't evaporate over 30 years like some other assets would. In terms of inflation-adjusted dollars, your house should maintain similar "value" over the years, as long as you stay on top of the upkeep (and your neighborhood doesn't become run-down).
* With a mortgage, you are paying interest to a bank, which some would consider to be a "black hole" just like rent. However, you can reduce the money you pay in interest by making extra mortgage payments. Making 1-2 extra payments at the start of your mortgage can save a huge sum of money over the life of the loan.
So what about investing? Let's look at some numbers:
* Investing in the Dow Jones Industrial Average would give you ~9% per year, with a lot of volatility ([source](http://observationsandnotes.blogspot.com/2009/03/average-annual-stock-market-return.html)).
* Mortgage rates are hovering at about 5% right now. ([source](http://mortgage-x.com/general/historical_rates.asp))
* Seems like a good idea to invest, instead of taking out a mortgage, right?
* Now, add in an inflation rate of ~3% ([source](http://www.inflationdata.com/inflation/inflation_rate/historicalinflation.aspx))
* Inflation erodes the effective stock market return, but it helps your mortgage payment by effectively making it cost less over time.
* Next think about taxes.
* That 9% stock market return is taxable income (which eats into your effective return), whereas the mortgage interest is a tax deduction.
* Inflation and taxes pretty much negate higher rate of return for the stock investment.
* Additionally, you have the inflationary impacts of a rent payment that increases over time.
So, based on the above, I say that buying a house is the way to go (as long as you plan to live in the same place for several years). However, if you could find a better investment than the Dow, or if mortgage interest rates change drastically, things could tip in another direction.
**Addendum:** CrimsonX brought up a good point about the costs of owning a house (upkeep and property taxes), which I didn't mention above. However, I don't think they change my answer. If you rent, you *are still paying those costs*. They are just hidden from you. Your landlord pays the contractor or the tax man, and then you pay the landlord as part of your rent. | "Which is generally the better option (financially)?"
Invest. If you can return 7-8% (less than the historical return of the S&P 500) on your money over the course of 25 years this will outperform purchasing personal property. If you WANT to own a house for other reason apart from the financial benefits then buy a house. Will you earn 7-8% on your money, there is a pretty good chance this is no because investors are prone to act emotionally. |
2,075 | I know this differs from country to country, from person to person (depending on how much you already have saved), but I'm curious about the simplest example.
Let's say I have little to no money.
I can:
* Get a loan and buy a house, or
* I can live for the rest of my life in rent and save the extra money (investing and stuff).
Which is generally the better option (financially)? | 2010/06/17 | [
"https://money.stackexchange.com/questions/2075",
"https://money.stackexchange.com",
"https://money.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | Forget, for the moment, which will pay off most over the long term. Consider **risk exposure**.
You've said that you (hypothetically) have "little or no money": that's the deal-breaker. From a risk-management perspective, your investment portfolio would be better off diversified than with 90% of your assets in a house.
Consider also the nature of the risk which owning a house exposes you to: Housing prices are generally tied to the state of the economy. If the local economy crashes, not only could you lose your job, but you could lose a good part of the value of your house... and still owe a lot on your loan. (You also might not be able to move as easily if you found a new job somewhere else.)
You should almost certainly **rent** until you're more financially stable and could afford to pay the new mortgage for a year (or more) if you suddenly lost your job. *Then* you can worry more about maximizing your investments' rate of return. | There's probably no simple answer, but it's fair to say there are bad times to buy, and better times.
If you look at a house and see the rent is more than the mortgage payment, it may be time to consider buying.
Right now, the market is depressed, if you buy and plan to stay put, not caring if it drops from here because you plan to be there for the long term, you may find a great deal to be had.
Over the long term, housing matches inflation.
Sounds crazy, but. Even into the bubble, if you looked at housing in terms of mortgage payment at the prevailing 30yr fixed rate and converted the payment to hours needed to work to make the payment, the 2005 bubble never was. Not at the median, anyway.
At today's <5% rate, the mortgage will cost you 3.75% after taxes. And assuming a 3% long term inflation rate, less than 1%. You have expenses, to be sure, property tax, maintenance, etc, but if you fix the mortgage, inflation will eat away at it, and ultimately it's over. At retirement, I'll take a paid for house over rising rents any day. |
2,075 | I know this differs from country to country, from person to person (depending on how much you already have saved), but I'm curious about the simplest example.
Let's say I have little to no money.
I can:
* Get a loan and buy a house, or
* I can live for the rest of my life in rent and save the extra money (investing and stuff).
Which is generally the better option (financially)? | 2010/06/17 | [
"https://money.stackexchange.com/questions/2075",
"https://money.stackexchange.com",
"https://money.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | There's probably no simple answer, but it's fair to say there are bad times to buy, and better times.
If you look at a house and see the rent is more than the mortgage payment, it may be time to consider buying.
Right now, the market is depressed, if you buy and plan to stay put, not caring if it drops from here because you plan to be there for the long term, you may find a great deal to be had.
Over the long term, housing matches inflation.
Sounds crazy, but. Even into the bubble, if you looked at housing in terms of mortgage payment at the prevailing 30yr fixed rate and converted the payment to hours needed to work to make the payment, the 2005 bubble never was. Not at the median, anyway.
At today's <5% rate, the mortgage will cost you 3.75% after taxes. And assuming a 3% long term inflation rate, less than 1%. You have expenses, to be sure, property tax, maintenance, etc, but if you fix the mortgage, inflation will eat away at it, and ultimately it's over. At retirement, I'll take a paid for house over rising rents any day. | Property in general tends to go up in value. That's one advantage you won't get if you rent. |
2,075 | I know this differs from country to country, from person to person (depending on how much you already have saved), but I'm curious about the simplest example.
Let's say I have little to no money.
I can:
* Get a loan and buy a house, or
* I can live for the rest of my life in rent and save the extra money (investing and stuff).
Which is generally the better option (financially)? | 2010/06/17 | [
"https://money.stackexchange.com/questions/2075",
"https://money.stackexchange.com",
"https://money.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | The general answer is: "it depends on how long you want to live there".
Here is a good calculator to figure it out:
<http://www.nytimes.com/interactive/business/buy-rent-calculator.html>
Basically, if you plan to move in a few years, then renting makes more sense. It is a lot easier to move from an apartment when your lease is up versus selling a house, which can be subject to fluctuations in the real-estate market. As an example, during the real estate bubble, a lot of "young professional" types bought condos and town homes instead of renting. Now these people are married with kids, need to move somewhere bigger, but they can't get rid of their old place because they can't sell it for what they still owe. If these people had rented for a few years, they would be in a better position financially. (Many people fell for the mantra "If you are renting, you are throwing your money away", without looking at the long-term implications.)
However, your question is a little unique, because you mentioned renting for the rest of your life, and putting the savings into an investment, which is a cool idea. (Thinking outside the box, I like it.)
I'm going to assume you mean "rent the same place for many years" versus "moving around the country every few years". If you are staying in one place for a long time, I am going to say that buying a house is probably a better option. Here's why:
* With a mortgage, at some point you stop sending a check every month. With rent, the payments never stop.
* At the end of the mortgage, you have an asset that is worth a lot of money (your house). You can sell it and travel the world, give it to your kids, etc. (**EDIT:** With the rent+invest approach, you would have your investment portfolio as a sizable asset. It is open to discussion which one would come out ahead.)
* With a mortgage, your payments are a fixed amount (unless you have an ARM). Inflation drives prices up over time, but your mortgage payment stays the same. In fact, ***inflation helps the homeowner*** by making the last mortgage payment "cheaper" than the first one. Rent prices tend to keep pace with inflation. Your landlord will probably increase the rent periodically.
* There are tax advantages to buying a house (in the US anyway). Your mortgage interest is a tax deduction. There are also tax credits for certain home improvements (e.g. installing an energy efficient A/C). You can't take advantage of these when you rent.
* Over the long term, home prices do go up (population is increasing, but there is a finite amount of land). I am **not** saying the house is a good "investment", but its value normally won't evaporate over 30 years like some other assets would. In terms of inflation-adjusted dollars, your house should maintain similar "value" over the years, as long as you stay on top of the upkeep (and your neighborhood doesn't become run-down).
* With a mortgage, you are paying interest to a bank, which some would consider to be a "black hole" just like rent. However, you can reduce the money you pay in interest by making extra mortgage payments. Making 1-2 extra payments at the start of your mortgage can save a huge sum of money over the life of the loan.
So what about investing? Let's look at some numbers:
* Investing in the Dow Jones Industrial Average would give you ~9% per year, with a lot of volatility ([source](http://observationsandnotes.blogspot.com/2009/03/average-annual-stock-market-return.html)).
* Mortgage rates are hovering at about 5% right now. ([source](http://mortgage-x.com/general/historical_rates.asp))
* Seems like a good idea to invest, instead of taking out a mortgage, right?
* Now, add in an inflation rate of ~3% ([source](http://www.inflationdata.com/inflation/inflation_rate/historicalinflation.aspx))
* Inflation erodes the effective stock market return, but it helps your mortgage payment by effectively making it cost less over time.
* Next think about taxes.
* That 9% stock market return is taxable income (which eats into your effective return), whereas the mortgage interest is a tax deduction.
* Inflation and taxes pretty much negate higher rate of return for the stock investment.
* Additionally, you have the inflationary impacts of a rent payment that increases over time.
So, based on the above, I say that buying a house is the way to go (as long as you plan to live in the same place for several years). However, if you could find a better investment than the Dow, or if mortgage interest rates change drastically, things could tip in another direction.
**Addendum:** CrimsonX brought up a good point about the costs of owning a house (upkeep and property taxes), which I didn't mention above. However, I don't think they change my answer. If you rent, you *are still paying those costs*. They are just hidden from you. Your landlord pays the contractor or the tax man, and then you pay the landlord as part of your rent. | Forget, for the moment, which will pay off most over the long term. Consider **risk exposure**.
You've said that you (hypothetically) have "little or no money": that's the deal-breaker. From a risk-management perspective, your investment portfolio would be better off diversified than with 90% of your assets in a house.
Consider also the nature of the risk which owning a house exposes you to: Housing prices are generally tied to the state of the economy. If the local economy crashes, not only could you lose your job, but you could lose a good part of the value of your house... and still owe a lot on your loan. (You also might not be able to move as easily if you found a new job somewhere else.)
You should almost certainly **rent** until you're more financially stable and could afford to pay the new mortgage for a year (or more) if you suddenly lost your job. *Then* you can worry more about maximizing your investments' rate of return. |
10,829 | How is doing a so-called manipulation check (i.e. checking to see whether the different groups actually differ for different levels of the independent variable) different from doing - as a main analysis - e.g., an ANOVA to see if the independent variable has had an effect on the dependent variable? From reading papers, it seems people just do manipulation checks *prior to* the main analyses. | 2015/08/05 | [
"https://cogsci.stackexchange.com/questions/10829",
"https://cogsci.stackexchange.com",
"https://cogsci.stackexchange.com/users/6446/"
] | Research shows that teenagers are not any less capable at driving, per se, but that the adolescent brain undergoes a period of neural changes that often lends itself to risk-seeking behavior. From [Somerville et. al (2010)](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2814936/):
>
> **In adolescence, there is a heightened propensity to engage in risky behaviors that can lead to negative outcomes, including substance abuse, unprotected sex, inflicting harm on others, injuries, and death.** According to the 2007 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS, Eaton, et al., 2008) the four leading causes of death that account for 72% of adolescent mortality – motor vehicle accidents, unintentional injuries, homicide, and suicide - are preventable. Such statistics suggest that these fatalities may be attributed, in part, to poor choices or risky actions (e.g., accidents, injuries) and/or heightened emotionality (e.g., suicide) underscoring the importance of understanding the biological basis of emotional and incentive-seeking behavior of adolescents, the focus of the present review.
>
>
>
The paper goes on to discuss how the intensity of young adults' emotional states relative to those of adults, as well as a heightened sensitivity toward reward (as well as an immature 'self-regulatory competence') are all underlying factors.
I think that this is what your article is referring to when it mentions that teenagers have 'less-developed brains'. On the other hand, one could argue the opposite. With puberty and adolescent development comes an influx of hormonal changes. With these changes come developments and mental states that are novel, new, and (at first) difficult to control. From this perspective, it is less a question of the brain being 'less-developed' -- on the contrary, there is 'too much' new development in puberty and adolescence, which can be overwhelming. As we learn to cope with these new developments with time and experience, they become easier to manage and control. | The most important reason for this is the risk behavior described by Sydney Maples.
In addition, young adolescents simply do not have as much experience as older people - they just recently got their license.
They have less practical exercise and less experience about dealing with any specific challenge. They also might be curious and try out behavior that older people have already tried out - and stopped doing.
These two points mean that even a future world champion race driver might have higher than average risk of accidents while in adolescent age. |
10,829 | How is doing a so-called manipulation check (i.e. checking to see whether the different groups actually differ for different levels of the independent variable) different from doing - as a main analysis - e.g., an ANOVA to see if the independent variable has had an effect on the dependent variable? From reading papers, it seems people just do manipulation checks *prior to* the main analyses. | 2015/08/05 | [
"https://cogsci.stackexchange.com/questions/10829",
"https://cogsci.stackexchange.com",
"https://cogsci.stackexchange.com/users/6446/"
] | Research shows that teenagers are not any less capable at driving, per se, but that the adolescent brain undergoes a period of neural changes that often lends itself to risk-seeking behavior. From [Somerville et. al (2010)](http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2814936/):
>
> **In adolescence, there is a heightened propensity to engage in risky behaviors that can lead to negative outcomes, including substance abuse, unprotected sex, inflicting harm on others, injuries, and death.** According to the 2007 Youth Risk Behavior Survey (YRBS, Eaton, et al., 2008) the four leading causes of death that account for 72% of adolescent mortality – motor vehicle accidents, unintentional injuries, homicide, and suicide - are preventable. Such statistics suggest that these fatalities may be attributed, in part, to poor choices or risky actions (e.g., accidents, injuries) and/or heightened emotionality (e.g., suicide) underscoring the importance of understanding the biological basis of emotional and incentive-seeking behavior of adolescents, the focus of the present review.
>
>
>
The paper goes on to discuss how the intensity of young adults' emotional states relative to those of adults, as well as a heightened sensitivity toward reward (as well as an immature 'self-regulatory competence') are all underlying factors.
I think that this is what your article is referring to when it mentions that teenagers have 'less-developed brains'. On the other hand, one could argue the opposite. With puberty and adolescent development comes an influx of hormonal changes. With these changes come developments and mental states that are novel, new, and (at first) difficult to control. From this perspective, it is less a question of the brain being 'less-developed' -- on the contrary, there is 'too much' new development in puberty and adolescence, which can be overwhelming. As we learn to cope with these new developments with time and experience, they become easier to manage and control. | As I mentioned in my comment, I would be less likely to blame this on brain chemistry and more likely to blame it on lack of experience. While I have not reviewed the research, it would be very difficult to isolate a mental development pattern from all the other confounding variables of young drivers.
First, driving is inherently a procedural task. It takes time to develop those skills to the point of automaticity, so there is a somewhat higher level of attention and resources being devoted to the mere mechanics of driving.
Second, our ability to respond to dynamic situations is dependent upon our brain recognizing those situations and responding in a preprogrammed fashion. This is also something that cannot be learned other than through time on the road. For example, I learned that it is not a good idea to drive next to someone on the freeway, matching their speed, because they could suddenly decide to switch lanes. I learned that from experience, and it has helped me avoid numerous accidents.
Third, we have to consider the propensity of younger folks to want to engage in stupid things, like texting and driving. While people of all ages do this, there are plenty of reasons to point to younger generations being more active with their texting and other apps that can create major distractions.
Young drivers simply don't have the motor skills, coordination, and mental preparation that older drivers do. They also have more distractions. This doesn't mean that there are some young drivers who couldn't outdrive older drivers, nor does it mean that all older drivers are reasonable drivers. There is a lot of variation. |
10,829 | How is doing a so-called manipulation check (i.e. checking to see whether the different groups actually differ for different levels of the independent variable) different from doing - as a main analysis - e.g., an ANOVA to see if the independent variable has had an effect on the dependent variable? From reading papers, it seems people just do manipulation checks *prior to* the main analyses. | 2015/08/05 | [
"https://cogsci.stackexchange.com/questions/10829",
"https://cogsci.stackexchange.com",
"https://cogsci.stackexchange.com/users/6446/"
] | As I mentioned in my comment, I would be less likely to blame this on brain chemistry and more likely to blame it on lack of experience. While I have not reviewed the research, it would be very difficult to isolate a mental development pattern from all the other confounding variables of young drivers.
First, driving is inherently a procedural task. It takes time to develop those skills to the point of automaticity, so there is a somewhat higher level of attention and resources being devoted to the mere mechanics of driving.
Second, our ability to respond to dynamic situations is dependent upon our brain recognizing those situations and responding in a preprogrammed fashion. This is also something that cannot be learned other than through time on the road. For example, I learned that it is not a good idea to drive next to someone on the freeway, matching their speed, because they could suddenly decide to switch lanes. I learned that from experience, and it has helped me avoid numerous accidents.
Third, we have to consider the propensity of younger folks to want to engage in stupid things, like texting and driving. While people of all ages do this, there are plenty of reasons to point to younger generations being more active with their texting and other apps that can create major distractions.
Young drivers simply don't have the motor skills, coordination, and mental preparation that older drivers do. They also have more distractions. This doesn't mean that there are some young drivers who couldn't outdrive older drivers, nor does it mean that all older drivers are reasonable drivers. There is a lot of variation. | The most important reason for this is the risk behavior described by Sydney Maples.
In addition, young adolescents simply do not have as much experience as older people - they just recently got their license.
They have less practical exercise and less experience about dealing with any specific challenge. They also might be curious and try out behavior that older people have already tried out - and stopped doing.
These two points mean that even a future world champion race driver might have higher than average risk of accidents while in adolescent age. |
63,211 | In [this question on LaTeX on SO](https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/12918/can-we-have-a-ruling-on-latex-on-stack-overflow), dmckee edited his answer to suggest the Stack Exchange site for answering questions on TeX and LaTeX. Now, LaTeX has always been a slightly uncomfortable fit on SO, since part of it is programming and part of it is simple layout. It's been accepted there since it's really impossible to tell in general whether a question will require programming or simple layout.
Given that we seem to have a functional Stack Exchange site, and assuming that it winds up being an active site post-beta, should LaTeX continue to be on topic in SO? | 2010/09/02 | [
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/63211",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/users/14148/"
] | I don't see how the creation of another site should affect the topicality of SO. And as [other](https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/5837/how-to-handle-overlapping-subjects/5839#5839) [people](https://blog.stackoverflow.com/2010/08/unix-and-ubuntu-why-both/) have said, there's no problem with overlap, and SE sites aren't designed to be necessarily disjoint. | While I mostly agree with [Philip](https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/63211/are-questions-appropriate-for-specific-se-sites-off-topic-in-so/63213#63213), it could make the difference between a marginal site staying alive or going quiet. (I don't know how the LaTeX beta is going and not the foggiest on what the beta graduation criteria will be.)
While in beta, I think it's clear these questions should remain on-topic at SO—if a site can't get enough participation in that situation to leave beta, then perhaps it should stay in beta or fall by the wayside. I'm definitely not opposed to gently nudging barely-programming and non-programming questions towards the beta site, however.
Even a site that leaves beta might hit a periodic or random dip in participation (I bet the end of the school year will affect LaTeX this way), and you'd want any "fleeing to SO" (because of the near-guaranteed participation levels) users to be gently directed back to that site.
Finally, it will always depend on the content of the question, just as for [text editors](https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/43198/emacs-questions-superuser-or-stackoverflow/43201#43201) and many other topics. |
5,889,373 | I'm pretty new to PHP and MySQL. I'm interested in setting up a very simple affiliate program. It basically needs to be setup so that when someone clicks on the affiliate link it stays with the user until he/she signs up with my website.
So for example, I want to create some nice looking webpages that my affiliates could use to advertise my site. The URLs would look something like this (ideally).
www.mysite.com/splash1.php?userid=Joe
So in this case, my affiliate, Joe, could use www.mysite.com/splash1.php and append ?userid=Joe and he would have an affiliate link.
From here, people could click on the link in this splash page which would bring them to the home page for my website and retain that affiliate ID. Also, if the user decides to browse around my site before signing up, I would like to make sure the affiliate ID sticks with the user throughout until he/she decides to signup.
I'm familiar with reading in the userid from the URL just not to familiar with how, best to pass that userid variable from page to page.
I'm not to concerned at this point with all the functions that come into play with the affiliate program, like comissions, showing affiliate stats, and all the other fancy stuff. I just want to make sure the persons affiliate ID sticks with the user up to the point he/she clicks "submit" to signup for my website.
I know I'm going to probably have to use cookies and/or sessions. just not sure which route to go. | 2011/05/04 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/5889373",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/734558/"
] | Building affiliate software is no small undertaking, especially for someone who is new to both PHP and MySQL. You could debate the implementations all day long, but basically the steps for how the program works are something like this:
1. User clicks link
2. You write cookie to user, and redirect that user to the "client." We'll use the term client to refer to the person or company that is actually doing something with your user. You will typically want to add something to the URL since you can't write cookies for a domain the user is not on, and you (or other sites) can not access cookies written for another domain. (This is Browser Security Protocol).
After this point, you will need some kind of relationship with the client, so you can tell them what data they should be looking for in order to identify a user coming for an affiliate, and know that they have to send that back to you.
3. You then have to set up a way for your client to tell you that the user has completed a registration (or whatever other action is required, often called a conversion).
The process itself is pretty simple, it's just a lot of data tracking. You essentially just need to be able to track any single conversion back to a specific click, and identify where it came from to give the appropriate affiliate credit. To do this, all you need to do is be a middle-man between the click and the redirect to the client, and add something to the URL so the client can tell you if that unique ID converted.
If you need to identify unique users within your system, outside of the client and across multiple affiliates, that's when you'd deploy cookies. Sessions are useless, because they are also a cookie - but are much more temporal and get destroyed with the browser exits.
If you are writing the client code (basically, accepting users from affiliates) you will want to initialize a long-term cookie (or a short term session, it depends on how much "time" you want to give your affiliate to get credit for a user which clicks their link). Once the user completes the action you want them to complete (converts) you tell the affiliate provider about it (using the unique ID they gave you) and they handle giving credit back to the affiliate.
I hope that all make sense, and hopefully sheds some light / gets you started in the right direction. Like I said, a marginally difficult first project for a novice, but certainly not impossible. Good luck. | When an affiliated link comes in, store that affiliate in a session variable. Any common header code that you have could easily deal with an affiliated link coming through onto any page in the site and store it appropriately.
The session will stay with the user as they move from page to page and whenever they find their way to your registration form (or any other place you need to know what affiliate they came through) just look in the session (and also the GET variables just to be safe).
Using the session won't require any URL changes or messy trickery where every link would need to have the affiliate ID appended to it, and also doesn't slow the browser down by sending extra data with every request or have as many security issues as using a cookie. |
185,754 | My son used his birthday money to buy a kindle and downloaded minecraft pocket edition but my husband used my amazon account. I'd like to de register it and redo it with his own account, but he's worried he will lose all his data from the app. Does the pocket edition require the user to set up an account/ID? Or will he lose everything? | 2014/10/01 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/185754",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/88170/"
] | No, Minecraft PE does not require the user to set up an account/ID.
(source: I have Minecraft PE and I did not have to set up an account (like I did when playing Minecraft on PC). It was ready to play after installing it on the mobile device. | No. When I played the Pocket Edition of Minecraft, I did not have to sign in with a log in or an ID. |
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