qid int64 1 74.7M | question stringlengths 12 33.8k | date stringlengths 10 10 | metadata list | response_j stringlengths 0 115k | response_k stringlengths 2 98.3k |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
73,518 | I've been reading many opinions from the United State Supreme Court and discovered the phrase "inter alia," meaning "among other things." I have not encountered this phrase outside of these opinions.
Is the phrase "inter alia" primarily localized to legalese? Or would it be acceptable to use it in general writing? | 2012/07/04 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/73518",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/6523/"
] | The best course, undoubtedly, is to use "among others", a phrase that can refer to people or things.
It should be noted that "inter alia" is Latin for "among others" when "others" are things. If the others are persons, "alia" must be changed to "alios" (the OED quotes, from 1670, *The lords produce **inter alios** John Duke of Lancaster*); but when persons are meant, it is much better nowadays to use English.
Reference: A Dictionary of Modern American Usage, *B.A. Garner*, A Dictionary of Modern American Usage, *H.W. Fowler*. | *Inter alia* looks as though it can bear its weight in business reporting and used as a throw-away phrase elsewhere, usually unitalicized. It seems to be a regular journalistic condiment at the *Financial Times*.
>
> “...it has become increasing clear to us that top leadership had
> shaped a culture that lacks, ***inter alia***, accountabiltly, transparency,
> and stock ownership,” Mr. Biglari said in letter to shareholders,
> which was filed this month with regulators. *Cracker Barrel Adopts
> Poison Pill*, NYT Sep 23, 2011
>
>
> But there's more to the story, which involves **inter alia** speculating
> monks, unusual lending practices and a man called Andreas Vgenopoulos.
> *Cyprus Popular Bank: ‘Money is gone (allegedly)*, FT Jun, 15, 2012
>
>
> Boston is famous – **inter alia** I suppose – for tea parties, beans and a symphony orchestra. No one, however, talks about its coffee. Nor
> for that matter, talks too much about its ballet comparny ... *Ballet:
> Bostonians in New York Debut at Hunter*, Clive Barnes NYT Oct 22, 1967
>
>
> ... Jane Jacobs, a
> grand strategist of the Broome Street rebellion, whose triumph
> launched the age of neighborhood preservation and rehabilitation and
> with them the celebration of craftsmanship that helped make downtown
> Manhattan a world center of style and, **inter alia**, a culinary
> Parnassus. *Food; Way Uptown*, Jason Epstein, NYT Apr 11, 2004
>
>
> Mixed alliums in a chilled pine fusion contained, **inter alia**, a cold
> consommé of such purity and balance that I’m still trying, hours
> later, to tell if it was sweet, savoury, simple or complex. *Daddous,
> London*, Tim Hayward FT Jun 8, 2012
>
>
> Murder abounds in Leos Carax’s *Holy Motors*... Its Borgesian and
> bewitching fable of changing identity – Denis Lavant chauffered around
> Paris becoming, ***inter alia***, a street beggar, leprechaun, millionaire
> businessman and hitman – has interludes for a Kylie Minogue production
> number and a riot of digitised monsters. Nigel Andrews, FT May 26, 2012
>
>
> |
38,723 | I've been looking to use unicode for more iconography, and I haven't been able to find any appropriate unicode for a "view" icon. None of the "eye"-related unicode that I've found works on the web.
Does anyone know of any unicode icons that would be appropriate for a "view" icon? | 2012/12/07 | [
"https://webmasters.stackexchange.com/questions/38723",
"https://webmasters.stackexchange.com",
"https://webmasters.stackexchange.com/users/118/"
] | You might struggle to find a unicode character to represent "view", but you'll find plenty of web font based icon sets with an eye or view concept.
For example, [Font Awesome](http://fortawesome.github.com/Font-Awesome/) – the icon web font used in Twitter Bootstrap – has an icon called 'icon-eye-open' that might do the trick. Font Awesome is licensed under [CC-BY-3](http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/) (you can use it for free as long as you credit them with a link to their site in your CSS or HTML source code), and it supports IE7 or higher.
 | ⚲ ([Neuter](https://www.compart.com/en/unicode/U+26B2)) looks a bit as a magnifier glas, that is what i setteled for as a view symbol. |
227,585 | At work we write a small to moderate amount of scripts to aid us in normal development. We have some people that are more comfortable in python, some in perl, some in php, etc...
Sometimes I think it is best to let people work in a language they are most comfortable with. This can mean that sometimes people can do a better job on a script (as they know more tricks in one language). It can also lead to less development time per script.
Other times I think that we would benefit the most from standardizing so that there might be more shared libraries and so that we don't get into the situation of "I can't work on that script because I don't know python".
Do you think that we should standardize or let people choose for each script they write? | 2008/10/22 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/227585",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/16584/"
] | My opinion is that it is just like any other development environment. Do you standardize on one development language? Why? The same should be true for your scripting environment. Not only do I lean toward standardizing on a specific language I think you should standardize all the same things that you are hopefully doing in your programming environment (naming conventions, coding style, etc). Of course there are counter arguments and there will occasionally be exceptions, but hopefully they would be few and for valid reasons. | No.
Your dev environment is hopefully a living entity that changes and is cultivated. New abilities (scripting languages) should be able to be accommodated, and older places that haven't been visited for years will someday get obviated by tools, or revisited from time to time and an evaluation will take place. Hopefully the dev scripts are a minor amount of development and automation. Chances are the team will drift towards a set of standards (ant, python, etc). |
227,585 | At work we write a small to moderate amount of scripts to aid us in normal development. We have some people that are more comfortable in python, some in perl, some in php, etc...
Sometimes I think it is best to let people work in a language they are most comfortable with. This can mean that sometimes people can do a better job on a script (as they know more tricks in one language). It can also lead to less development time per script.
Other times I think that we would benefit the most from standardizing so that there might be more shared libraries and so that we don't get into the situation of "I can't work on that script because I don't know python".
Do you think that we should standardize or let people choose for each script they write? | 2008/10/22 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/227585",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/16584/"
] | I would advocate standardizing on a couple languages. "Thou shalt use either Python, or Perl, or Ruby. Not Rexx, nor PHP, nor NewBatch, nor aught other, for thy brethren ought to be able to read thine writing without undue despair or cutting of their skins". | So long as the languages in question are used for scripting, I agree with other commenters that it should be left to the devteam, and different languages should be tolerated in most cases.
If the language is used for your main codebase, you had better standardize on one.
If some developers complain about a script not written in their language, encourage them to learn it, particularly if it's one of the widespread ones like Ruby, Perl, et al. |
227,585 | At work we write a small to moderate amount of scripts to aid us in normal development. We have some people that are more comfortable in python, some in perl, some in php, etc...
Sometimes I think it is best to let people work in a language they are most comfortable with. This can mean that sometimes people can do a better job on a script (as they know more tricks in one language). It can also lead to less development time per script.
Other times I think that we would benefit the most from standardizing so that there might be more shared libraries and so that we don't get into the situation of "I can't work on that script because I don't know python".
Do you think that we should standardize or let people choose for each script they write? | 2008/10/22 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/227585",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/16584/"
] | I would be inclined to let people choose, *and* hire people who are comfortable at learning new things. Gaining basic fluency with almost any language should be easy enough for a good developer. And for small scripts where the original author isn't far away, it's even easier.
The second part of the above is the hard part, of course. But you'll end up with a more flexible, more knowledgeable team. | I would advocate standardizing on a couple languages. "Thou shalt use either Python, or Perl, or Ruby. Not Rexx, nor PHP, nor NewBatch, nor aught other, for thy brethren ought to be able to read thine writing without undue despair or cutting of their skins". |
227,585 | At work we write a small to moderate amount of scripts to aid us in normal development. We have some people that are more comfortable in python, some in perl, some in php, etc...
Sometimes I think it is best to let people work in a language they are most comfortable with. This can mean that sometimes people can do a better job on a script (as they know more tricks in one language). It can also lead to less development time per script.
Other times I think that we would benefit the most from standardizing so that there might be more shared libraries and so that we don't get into the situation of "I can't work on that script because I don't know python".
Do you think that we should standardize or let people choose for each script they write? | 2008/10/22 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/227585",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/16584/"
] | I would be inclined to let people choose, *and* hire people who are comfortable at learning new things. Gaining basic fluency with almost any language should be easy enough for a good developer. And for small scripts where the original author isn't far away, it's even easier.
The second part of the above is the hard part, of course. But you'll end up with a more flexible, more knowledgeable team. | No.
Your dev environment is hopefully a living entity that changes and is cultivated. New abilities (scripting languages) should be able to be accommodated, and older places that haven't been visited for years will someday get obviated by tools, or revisited from time to time and an evaluation will take place. Hopefully the dev scripts are a minor amount of development and automation. Chances are the team will drift towards a set of standards (ant, python, etc). |
227,585 | At work we write a small to moderate amount of scripts to aid us in normal development. We have some people that are more comfortable in python, some in perl, some in php, etc...
Sometimes I think it is best to let people work in a language they are most comfortable with. This can mean that sometimes people can do a better job on a script (as they know more tricks in one language). It can also lead to less development time per script.
Other times I think that we would benefit the most from standardizing so that there might be more shared libraries and so that we don't get into the situation of "I can't work on that script because I don't know python".
Do you think that we should standardize or let people choose for each script they write? | 2008/10/22 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/227585",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/16584/"
] | My opinion is that it is just like any other development environment. Do you standardize on one development language? Why? The same should be true for your scripting environment. Not only do I lean toward standardizing on a specific language I think you should standardize all the same things that you are hopefully doing in your programming environment (naming conventions, coding style, etc). Of course there are counter arguments and there will occasionally be exceptions, but hopefully they would be few and for valid reasons. | Per Project, anything checked in should probably follow a rule of minimal complexity.
Your team will be gone some day, and someone else will have to come in and maintain this. Please don't make them learn 5 languages or they are going to look for your names in the source code an hunt you down.
When we've picked up hack projects like that, we've pretty much considered the creators complete fools and made fun of them. They couldn't bother themselves to learn one scripting language???
That said, if you don't check it in--who cares? |
227,585 | At work we write a small to moderate amount of scripts to aid us in normal development. We have some people that are more comfortable in python, some in perl, some in php, etc...
Sometimes I think it is best to let people work in a language they are most comfortable with. This can mean that sometimes people can do a better job on a script (as they know more tricks in one language). It can also lead to less development time per script.
Other times I think that we would benefit the most from standardizing so that there might be more shared libraries and so that we don't get into the situation of "I can't work on that script because I don't know python".
Do you think that we should standardize or let people choose for each script they write? | 2008/10/22 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/227585",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/16584/"
] | So long as the languages in question are used for scripting, I agree with other commenters that it should be left to the devteam, and different languages should be tolerated in most cases.
If the language is used for your main codebase, you had better standardize on one.
If some developers complain about a script not written in their language, encourage them to learn it, particularly if it's one of the widespread ones like Ruby, Perl, et al. | Per Project, anything checked in should probably follow a rule of minimal complexity.
Your team will be gone some day, and someone else will have to come in and maintain this. Please don't make them learn 5 languages or they are going to look for your names in the source code an hunt you down.
When we've picked up hack projects like that, we've pretty much considered the creators complete fools and made fun of them. They couldn't bother themselves to learn one scripting language???
That said, if you don't check it in--who cares? |
227,585 | At work we write a small to moderate amount of scripts to aid us in normal development. We have some people that are more comfortable in python, some in perl, some in php, etc...
Sometimes I think it is best to let people work in a language they are most comfortable with. This can mean that sometimes people can do a better job on a script (as they know more tricks in one language). It can also lead to less development time per script.
Other times I think that we would benefit the most from standardizing so that there might be more shared libraries and so that we don't get into the situation of "I can't work on that script because I don't know python".
Do you think that we should standardize or let people choose for each script they write? | 2008/10/22 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/227585",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/16584/"
] | So long as the languages in question are used for scripting, I agree with other commenters that it should be left to the devteam, and different languages should be tolerated in most cases.
If the language is used for your main codebase, you had better standardize on one.
If some developers complain about a script not written in their language, encourage them to learn it, particularly if it's one of the widespread ones like Ruby, Perl, et al. | No.
Your dev environment is hopefully a living entity that changes and is cultivated. New abilities (scripting languages) should be able to be accommodated, and older places that haven't been visited for years will someday get obviated by tools, or revisited from time to time and an evaluation will take place. Hopefully the dev scripts are a minor amount of development and automation. Chances are the team will drift towards a set of standards (ant, python, etc). |
227,585 | At work we write a small to moderate amount of scripts to aid us in normal development. We have some people that are more comfortable in python, some in perl, some in php, etc...
Sometimes I think it is best to let people work in a language they are most comfortable with. This can mean that sometimes people can do a better job on a script (as they know more tricks in one language). It can also lead to less development time per script.
Other times I think that we would benefit the most from standardizing so that there might be more shared libraries and so that we don't get into the situation of "I can't work on that script because I don't know python".
Do you think that we should standardize or let people choose for each script they write? | 2008/10/22 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/227585",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/16584/"
] | I think the right place to ask this question is with your own team.
Your team should form a consensus as to whether or not they want a common platform or whether they want the freedom to choose the right tool for the job. There is no single best answer to this question any more than there is a single best answer for "what's the best scripting language".
Certainly there are advantages to each approach. If every team member is free to choose their own language, they might be more productive and your business will reap the benefit. On the other hand, if someone writes a critical tool in a language only she knows and then something happens to her (illness, new job, etc) you can be stuck with a single point of failure that no one knows how to fix. | No.
Your dev environment is hopefully a living entity that changes and is cultivated. New abilities (scripting languages) should be able to be accommodated, and older places that haven't been visited for years will someday get obviated by tools, or revisited from time to time and an evaluation will take place. Hopefully the dev scripts are a minor amount of development and automation. Chances are the team will drift towards a set of standards (ant, python, etc). |
227,585 | At work we write a small to moderate amount of scripts to aid us in normal development. We have some people that are more comfortable in python, some in perl, some in php, etc...
Sometimes I think it is best to let people work in a language they are most comfortable with. This can mean that sometimes people can do a better job on a script (as they know more tricks in one language). It can also lead to less development time per script.
Other times I think that we would benefit the most from standardizing so that there might be more shared libraries and so that we don't get into the situation of "I can't work on that script because I don't know python".
Do you think that we should standardize or let people choose for each script they write? | 2008/10/22 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/227585",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/16584/"
] | I would advocate standardizing on a couple languages. "Thou shalt use either Python, or Perl, or Ruby. Not Rexx, nor PHP, nor NewBatch, nor aught other, for thy brethren ought to be able to read thine writing without undue despair or cutting of their skins". | My opinion is that it is just like any other development environment. Do you standardize on one development language? Why? The same should be true for your scripting environment. Not only do I lean toward standardizing on a specific language I think you should standardize all the same things that you are hopefully doing in your programming environment (naming conventions, coding style, etc). Of course there are counter arguments and there will occasionally be exceptions, but hopefully they would be few and for valid reasons. |
227,585 | At work we write a small to moderate amount of scripts to aid us in normal development. We have some people that are more comfortable in python, some in perl, some in php, etc...
Sometimes I think it is best to let people work in a language they are most comfortable with. This can mean that sometimes people can do a better job on a script (as they know more tricks in one language). It can also lead to less development time per script.
Other times I think that we would benefit the most from standardizing so that there might be more shared libraries and so that we don't get into the situation of "I can't work on that script because I don't know python".
Do you think that we should standardize or let people choose for each script they write? | 2008/10/22 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/227585",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/16584/"
] | I would be inclined to let people choose, *and* hire people who are comfortable at learning new things. Gaining basic fluency with almost any language should be easy enough for a good developer. And for small scripts where the original author isn't far away, it's even easier.
The second part of the above is the hard part, of course. But you'll end up with a more flexible, more knowledgeable team. | My opinion is that it is just like any other development environment. Do you standardize on one development language? Why? The same should be true for your scripting environment. Not only do I lean toward standardizing on a specific language I think you should standardize all the same things that you are hopefully doing in your programming environment (naming conventions, coding style, etc). Of course there are counter arguments and there will occasionally be exceptions, but hopefully they would be few and for valid reasons. |
3,469,223 | Can anyone tell me how to go about building a QR generator? I would like to create custom QR codes for address book entry on mobile phones. Thank you for your help. | 2010/08/12 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3469223",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/418580/"
] | EF BB BF is a Unicode Byte-Order Mark (BOM). Those are actually in your files. That's why Python is seeing it.
Either ignore/discard the BOM or reencode the files to omit it. | That's a UTF-8 BOM (Byte Order Mark). You've probably edited the file with Notepad. |
93,795 | I was redoing a logo that I did before for a company.
Original Logo:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/RkUyF.png)
New Logo:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/LrGVP.png)
Flat Version:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/hfZVg.png)
Dark-Background Version:
[](https://i.imgur.com/toHXgw4.png)
As you can see the dark version is not of a single shade of grey, if I make it all white it loses the depth in the logo. Can someone guide me in how to make it a single color(shade), so that the depth is not lost? | 2017/06/24 | [
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/questions/93795",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/users/54820/"
] | Add black strokes to the problematic places. All other can now be white or other light color. If it must stand as well in all dark backgrounds other than black, cut slits instead of the black strokes. Be sure that the strokes or slits are wide enough to be seen as printed or onscreen apps.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/GCHFi.jpg)
ADDENDUM: There's also another possiblity:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/I1b2V.jpg)
The apparent bendings are different, but easily recognizable. Use this, if you like it. | Try adding a white stroke to each shape in the logo to separate these on the monochrome version. Play with the thickness of the stroke and covert it to outlines when you're done so it scales properly at different sizes.
If the shape is too complex for this to work, try stroking the [reduced version](https://i.stack.imgur.com/hfZVg.png) you showed us. It is good practice to simplify the shape for monochrome when the artwork is too busy.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/3cPWL.jpg) |
1,184,516 | * What's the limitation?
* Is there a specific volume of data each can handle regardless of disk space?
* When to use what assuming licensing is not a problem? | 2009/07/26 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1184516",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/37740/"
] | It depends what you are trying to do and obviously it has to do with cost.
* MySQL and Postgres are very widely used by a huge number of startups because its open source and there is a lot of support out there for people using it
* MSSQL is good if you are using MS programming languages because of the ease to connect and use.
* I have never used oracle but know people use it a lot for data warehouseing so can't have that much of a bad name
All of these will suffer from similar issues when scaling because they are RDBMS databases. They do also have decent ways to get round it and with a decent ORM used in your code then it shouldn't matter what you use.
Pick the one that all the developers are comfortable with | It would help narrow things a great deal if you'd provide details like whether or not you intend to distribute the database along with your software; your system will be hosted; how much data; etc.
Don't assume anything with regard to licensing. Get a lawyer, maybe even one who specializes in open source law.
"...regardless of disk space..." - capacity always depends on this. Where do you think the data goes? Better to think about things like sharding your data, RAID, clustering, replication, etc.
I would worry about any system whose developer had to come to a forum like this to ask that kind of question. You should have people on staff with sufficient skill and knowledge to have a strong opinion on this sort of thing. |
1,184,516 | * What's the limitation?
* Is there a specific volume of data each can handle regardless of disk space?
* When to use what assuming licensing is not a problem? | 2009/07/26 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1184516",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/37740/"
] | This is a very nuanced question that really cannot be easily answered, as each situation can provide many pluses and minuses. Also, MySQL being owned by Oracle now and several branches off of the main functionality means that MySQL != MySQL anymore.
If you are looking for really really big data sets, then you will like have to break with the RDBMS sets and start to look at things like MapReduce and other large data set processing technologies.
I have personally worked with all three over the past decade or so from the application perspective. They all have their advantages, like MSSQL working will with the other Microsoft technologies like LINQ where as MySQL having a large open community support and Oracle being the workhorse of the commercial sector with lots of ability to embed application logic right into the database.
Again, it really depends on the application, the situation, the skills of the people who will maintain it after it is developed, commercial considerations, hardware and platform considerations, etc etc etc. | It would help narrow things a great deal if you'd provide details like whether or not you intend to distribute the database along with your software; your system will be hosted; how much data; etc.
Don't assume anything with regard to licensing. Get a lawyer, maybe even one who specializes in open source law.
"...regardless of disk space..." - capacity always depends on this. Where do you think the data goes? Better to think about things like sharding your data, RAID, clustering, replication, etc.
I would worry about any system whose developer had to come to a forum like this to ask that kind of question. You should have people on staff with sufficient skill and knowledge to have a strong opinion on this sort of thing. |
1,184,516 | * What's the limitation?
* Is there a specific volume of data each can handle regardless of disk space?
* When to use what assuming licensing is not a problem? | 2009/07/26 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1184516",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/37740/"
] | As to skaffman's point you may want to have a look at postgres if mysql isn't scaling for you. It is a more mature and robust than mysql and is opensource. The time to make the switch is highly dependent on you application environment, however, if you need clustering and replication to work properly 100% of the time then postgres will not let you down (as mysql has for me in the past) | It would help narrow things a great deal if you'd provide details like whether or not you intend to distribute the database along with your software; your system will be hosted; how much data; etc.
Don't assume anything with regard to licensing. Get a lawyer, maybe even one who specializes in open source law.
"...regardless of disk space..." - capacity always depends on this. Where do you think the data goes? Better to think about things like sharding your data, RAID, clustering, replication, etc.
I would worry about any system whose developer had to come to a forum like this to ask that kind of question. You should have people on staff with sufficient skill and knowledge to have a strong opinion on this sort of thing. |
1,184,516 | * What's the limitation?
* Is there a specific volume of data each can handle regardless of disk space?
* When to use what assuming licensing is not a problem? | 2009/07/26 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1184516",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/37740/"
] | This is a very nuanced question that really cannot be easily answered, as each situation can provide many pluses and minuses. Also, MySQL being owned by Oracle now and several branches off of the main functionality means that MySQL != MySQL anymore.
If you are looking for really really big data sets, then you will like have to break with the RDBMS sets and start to look at things like MapReduce and other large data set processing technologies.
I have personally worked with all three over the past decade or so from the application perspective. They all have their advantages, like MSSQL working will with the other Microsoft technologies like LINQ where as MySQL having a large open community support and Oracle being the workhorse of the commercial sector with lots of ability to embed application logic right into the database.
Again, it really depends on the application, the situation, the skills of the people who will maintain it after it is developed, commercial considerations, hardware and platform considerations, etc etc etc. | Perhaps one variable which people overlook in these cases is the availability of expert support. Okay, so currently there's an oversupply of people who can help you with db issues, efficiency issues, disaster recovery etc. However this may not be always the case in the future, and it's the applications you use it for that may be the defining issue. Are there people in your organization who have experience in one or more of the relevant databases? (as it happens I believe that someone's who's become proficient in say Oracle, can become fairly competent in Sql\*Server or Mysql in a fairly short space of time) You state it's going to be used for your financial systems - perhaps you really need input from a consultant who's worked on implementing and/or supporting financial systems - for example I understand that Sybase is popular in City type firms. Or perhaps there's an off-the-shelf package that utilises a preferred database? Try and define exactly what your system(s) needs to do first. |
1,184,516 | * What's the limitation?
* Is there a specific volume of data each can handle regardless of disk space?
* When to use what assuming licensing is not a problem? | 2009/07/26 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1184516",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/37740/"
] | It depends what you are trying to do and obviously it has to do with cost.
* MySQL and Postgres are very widely used by a huge number of startups because its open source and there is a lot of support out there for people using it
* MSSQL is good if you are using MS programming languages because of the ease to connect and use.
* I have never used oracle but know people use it a lot for data warehouseing so can't have that much of a bad name
All of these will suffer from similar issues when scaling because they are RDBMS databases. They do also have decent ways to get round it and with a decent ORM used in your code then it shouldn't matter what you use.
Pick the one that all the developers are comfortable with | Perhaps one variable which people overlook in these cases is the availability of expert support. Okay, so currently there's an oversupply of people who can help you with db issues, efficiency issues, disaster recovery etc. However this may not be always the case in the future, and it's the applications you use it for that may be the defining issue. Are there people in your organization who have experience in one or more of the relevant databases? (as it happens I believe that someone's who's become proficient in say Oracle, can become fairly competent in Sql\*Server or Mysql in a fairly short space of time) You state it's going to be used for your financial systems - perhaps you really need input from a consultant who's worked on implementing and/or supporting financial systems - for example I understand that Sybase is popular in City type firms. Or perhaps there's an off-the-shelf package that utilises a preferred database? Try and define exactly what your system(s) needs to do first. |
1,184,516 | * What's the limitation?
* Is there a specific volume of data each can handle regardless of disk space?
* When to use what assuming licensing is not a problem? | 2009/07/26 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1184516",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/37740/"
] | It depends what you are trying to do and obviously it has to do with cost.
* MySQL and Postgres are very widely used by a huge number of startups because its open source and there is a lot of support out there for people using it
* MSSQL is good if you are using MS programming languages because of the ease to connect and use.
* I have never used oracle but know people use it a lot for data warehouseing so can't have that much of a bad name
All of these will suffer from similar issues when scaling because they are RDBMS databases. They do also have decent ways to get round it and with a decent ORM used in your code then it shouldn't matter what you use.
Pick the one that all the developers are comfortable with | As to skaffman's point you may want to have a look at postgres if mysql isn't scaling for you. It is a more mature and robust than mysql and is opensource. The time to make the switch is highly dependent on you application environment, however, if you need clustering and replication to work properly 100% of the time then postgres will not let you down (as mysql has for me in the past) |
1,184,516 | * What's the limitation?
* Is there a specific volume of data each can handle regardless of disk space?
* When to use what assuming licensing is not a problem? | 2009/07/26 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1184516",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/37740/"
] | I'd say if you want to compare apples to apples, then it is MySQL vs SQL Express, vs Oracle Express.
Or if you have $, then it is the MySQL support license, MS-SQL Standard, vs whatever Oracle's cheapest offering is.
In my experience, once you choose a language, e.g. Php goes best with MySQL, then you've chosen your DB. Java goes well with Oracle. C# goes well with MSSQL.
Similarly, if you choose your OS, then unix flavors run MySQL or Oracle, but MSSQL is windows only. MySQL and Oracle work on both unix and windows of course.
[If you need to buy many machines, then not having to pay OS licenses for the server helps in scaling](https://blog.codinghorror.com/scaling-up-vs-scaling-out-hidden-costs/). | Perhaps one variable which people overlook in these cases is the availability of expert support. Okay, so currently there's an oversupply of people who can help you with db issues, efficiency issues, disaster recovery etc. However this may not be always the case in the future, and it's the applications you use it for that may be the defining issue. Are there people in your organization who have experience in one or more of the relevant databases? (as it happens I believe that someone's who's become proficient in say Oracle, can become fairly competent in Sql\*Server or Mysql in a fairly short space of time) You state it's going to be used for your financial systems - perhaps you really need input from a consultant who's worked on implementing and/or supporting financial systems - for example I understand that Sybase is popular in City type firms. Or perhaps there's an off-the-shelf package that utilises a preferred database? Try and define exactly what your system(s) needs to do first. |
1,184,516 | * What's the limitation?
* Is there a specific volume of data each can handle regardless of disk space?
* When to use what assuming licensing is not a problem? | 2009/07/26 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1184516",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/37740/"
] | I'd say if you want to compare apples to apples, then it is MySQL vs SQL Express, vs Oracle Express.
Or if you have $, then it is the MySQL support license, MS-SQL Standard, vs whatever Oracle's cheapest offering is.
In my experience, once you choose a language, e.g. Php goes best with MySQL, then you've chosen your DB. Java goes well with Oracle. C# goes well with MSSQL.
Similarly, if you choose your OS, then unix flavors run MySQL or Oracle, but MSSQL is windows only. MySQL and Oracle work on both unix and windows of course.
[If you need to buy many machines, then not having to pay OS licenses for the server helps in scaling](https://blog.codinghorror.com/scaling-up-vs-scaling-out-hidden-costs/). | Is the application buy or build ?
* If Buy, does it support all three and
talk to the app vendor about the
differences ?
* If Build, then is it an in-house
build or contract out. If contracting
out, put out your requirements and
let the suppliers put their
arguments.
* If in house build, then first look at
why you are not contracting out.
Normally it is because you already
have an in house capability, so look
at that expertise.
You want some sizing information first.
Are you talking data volumes in megabytes, gigabytes or terabytes ?
What are your uptime requirements, backup (recovery time / recovery point) ?
How much concurrent activity ? Is that peak ?
Generally any database system is fine for data storage and retrieval. High-end analysis, load balancing, replication, management, backup/recovery, auditability, security are all areas you may need to consider. |
1,184,516 | * What's the limitation?
* Is there a specific volume of data each can handle regardless of disk space?
* When to use what assuming licensing is not a problem? | 2009/07/26 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1184516",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/37740/"
] | This is a very nuanced question that really cannot be easily answered, as each situation can provide many pluses and minuses. Also, MySQL being owned by Oracle now and several branches off of the main functionality means that MySQL != MySQL anymore.
If you are looking for really really big data sets, then you will like have to break with the RDBMS sets and start to look at things like MapReduce and other large data set processing technologies.
I have personally worked with all three over the past decade or so from the application perspective. They all have their advantages, like MSSQL working will with the other Microsoft technologies like LINQ where as MySQL having a large open community support and Oracle being the workhorse of the commercial sector with lots of ability to embed application logic right into the database.
Again, it really depends on the application, the situation, the skills of the people who will maintain it after it is developed, commercial considerations, hardware and platform considerations, etc etc etc. | I'd say if you want to compare apples to apples, then it is MySQL vs SQL Express, vs Oracle Express.
Or if you have $, then it is the MySQL support license, MS-SQL Standard, vs whatever Oracle's cheapest offering is.
In my experience, once you choose a language, e.g. Php goes best with MySQL, then you've chosen your DB. Java goes well with Oracle. C# goes well with MSSQL.
Similarly, if you choose your OS, then unix flavors run MySQL or Oracle, but MSSQL is windows only. MySQL and Oracle work on both unix and windows of course.
[If you need to buy many machines, then not having to pay OS licenses for the server helps in scaling](https://blog.codinghorror.com/scaling-up-vs-scaling-out-hidden-costs/). |
1,184,516 | * What's the limitation?
* Is there a specific volume of data each can handle regardless of disk space?
* When to use what assuming licensing is not a problem? | 2009/07/26 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1184516",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/37740/"
] | This is a very nuanced question that really cannot be easily answered, as each situation can provide many pluses and minuses. Also, MySQL being owned by Oracle now and several branches off of the main functionality means that MySQL != MySQL anymore.
If you are looking for really really big data sets, then you will like have to break with the RDBMS sets and start to look at things like MapReduce and other large data set processing technologies.
I have personally worked with all three over the past decade or so from the application perspective. They all have their advantages, like MSSQL working will with the other Microsoft technologies like LINQ where as MySQL having a large open community support and Oracle being the workhorse of the commercial sector with lots of ability to embed application logic right into the database.
Again, it really depends on the application, the situation, the skills of the people who will maintain it after it is developed, commercial considerations, hardware and platform considerations, etc etc etc. | It depends what you are trying to do and obviously it has to do with cost.
* MySQL and Postgres are very widely used by a huge number of startups because its open source and there is a lot of support out there for people using it
* MSSQL is good if you are using MS programming languages because of the ease to connect and use.
* I have never used oracle but know people use it a lot for data warehouseing so can't have that much of a bad name
All of these will suffer from similar issues when scaling because they are RDBMS databases. They do also have decent ways to get round it and with a decent ORM used in your code then it shouldn't matter what you use.
Pick the one that all the developers are comfortable with |
87,600 | If Ravenloft is a demiplane, and a demiplane is an extradimensional space, can spells that create extradimensional spaces (like *rope trick*) be cast while in the realm? | 2016/09/06 | [
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/questions/87600",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/users/31237/"
] | Yes.
>
> The Mad Mage of Mount Baratok has *Mordenkainen's magnificent mansion* prepared and can successfully cast it.
>
>
>
The demiplane created by a spell like *Mordenkainen's magnificent mansion* (PHB. p. 261) still follows the same rules regarding planar travel, so while you can create and enter an extradimensional space, you can't then planeshift out of that extradimensional space to escape. | Is there any reason why you think it can't?
Rope Trick says:
>
> At the
> upper end of the rope, an invisible entrance opens to an
> extradimensional space that lasts until the spell ends.
>
>
>
There is no reason if, having entered that extradimensional space, that I couldn't cast rope trick *again* and climb into a different extradimensional space.
Since the DMG says of Demiplanes
>
> Demiplanes are extradimensional spaces ...
>
>
>
The same would apply.
Technically, all planes are "extradimensional spaces" the difference between Demi- and non Demi- one's is that the former are finite and the latter are infinite. |
87,600 | If Ravenloft is a demiplane, and a demiplane is an extradimensional space, can spells that create extradimensional spaces (like *rope trick*) be cast while in the realm? | 2016/09/06 | [
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/questions/87600",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/users/31237/"
] | Yes you can,
Spoilers for rules not plot ahead...
Page 24 in Curse of Strahd indicates the specifics but the properties of the Demiplane of Dread (Barovia/Ravenloft) indicates that such extradimensional constructs as created via Demiplane or Mordenkainen's Magnificent Mansion are subject to the same warping rules as found in Barovia. Thus you could indeed "camp" in a Rope Trick but can't then Planeshift out of that to escape Barovia whereas normally you could planeshift out of such things as Demiplane spells if you were on nearly any other plane.
>
> No spell - not even wish -- allows one to escape from Strahd's domain.
> Astral Projection, teleport, plane shift, and similar spells cast for
> the purpose of leaving Barovia simply fail...
>
>
>
Then a bit later...
>
> Magic that summons creatures or objects from other planes functions
> normally in Barovia, as does magic that involves an extradimensional
> space. Any spells cast within such an extradimensional space (such as
> that created by Mordenkainen's Magnificent Mansion ) **are subject to
> the same restrictions as magic cast in Barovia.** --Curse of Strahd
> P24 Alterations to Magic
>
>
> | Yes.
>
> The Mad Mage of Mount Baratok has *Mordenkainen's magnificent mansion* prepared and can successfully cast it.
>
>
>
The demiplane created by a spell like *Mordenkainen's magnificent mansion* (PHB. p. 261) still follows the same rules regarding planar travel, so while you can create and enter an extradimensional space, you can't then planeshift out of that extradimensional space to escape. |
87,600 | If Ravenloft is a demiplane, and a demiplane is an extradimensional space, can spells that create extradimensional spaces (like *rope trick*) be cast while in the realm? | 2016/09/06 | [
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/questions/87600",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/users/31237/"
] | Yes you can,
Spoilers for rules not plot ahead...
Page 24 in Curse of Strahd indicates the specifics but the properties of the Demiplane of Dread (Barovia/Ravenloft) indicates that such extradimensional constructs as created via Demiplane or Mordenkainen's Magnificent Mansion are subject to the same warping rules as found in Barovia. Thus you could indeed "camp" in a Rope Trick but can't then Planeshift out of that to escape Barovia whereas normally you could planeshift out of such things as Demiplane spells if you were on nearly any other plane.
>
> No spell - not even wish -- allows one to escape from Strahd's domain.
> Astral Projection, teleport, plane shift, and similar spells cast for
> the purpose of leaving Barovia simply fail...
>
>
>
Then a bit later...
>
> Magic that summons creatures or objects from other planes functions
> normally in Barovia, as does magic that involves an extradimensional
> space. Any spells cast within such an extradimensional space (such as
> that created by Mordenkainen's Magnificent Mansion ) **are subject to
> the same restrictions as magic cast in Barovia.** --Curse of Strahd
> P24 Alterations to Magic
>
>
> | Is there any reason why you think it can't?
Rope Trick says:
>
> At the
> upper end of the rope, an invisible entrance opens to an
> extradimensional space that lasts until the spell ends.
>
>
>
There is no reason if, having entered that extradimensional space, that I couldn't cast rope trick *again* and climb into a different extradimensional space.
Since the DMG says of Demiplanes
>
> Demiplanes are extradimensional spaces ...
>
>
>
The same would apply.
Technically, all planes are "extradimensional spaces" the difference between Demi- and non Demi- one's is that the former are finite and the latter are infinite. |
627,898 | I am designing a two layer PCB with high speed signals with rise and fall times as low as 3ns.
I was doing some studying and learned that for better signal intergrity and EMI a good grounding strategy is critial. To lower the effects of displacment current lowering crosstalk, routing a ground element along with each high speed tracks helps. May it be a ground plane underneath or ground track along side it.
(Do correct me if I am wrong with my understanding.)
Would it be a better strategy to have both layers as ground plane? A ground plane forces a return path next to most signals. Stitching vias make for even better return paths.
Is there any other benefits to having power and ground plane? I understand that this strategy has the advantage of creating decoupling capacitence.
EDIT:
What is meant by 2 ground planes, I actually meant Signal-Ground/Signal-Ground.
AND
What is meant by 1-power 1-ground planes, I actually meant Signal-Power/Signal-Ground. | 2022/07/18 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/627898",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/317868/"
] | If a 2 layer PCB is your only option: make the second layer ground and route your signals and power on the first. A proper ground/return plane is key for every signal and avoid sharing of the return path as much as possible. (A GND plane is preferable compared to a return trace)
High speed signals tend to follow underneath the signal trace, in the dielectric the energy will travel: between the two layers. Any obstacles will produce problems.
The higher the frequency, the more the return path of the signal will follow the signal trace:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Vsny2.jpg)
Image source: <https://www.signalintegrityjournal.com/ext/resources/article-images-2020/A-Simple-Demonstration-of-Where-Return-Current-Flows/F1.jpg>
The nice thing of a 4-layer pcb is the distance between layer 1-2 and 3-4, very close. In a signal-gnd-gnd-signal configuration any inductance related to your traces will have less effect in 3D perspective compared to the much bigger distance between layer 2 and 3 and in case of a 2 layer pcb between both layers.
Inductance around traces, stopped by the gnd layers top/bottom:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/5KiST.jpg)
Image source: <https://www.signalintegrityjournal.com/ext/resources/Blogs/2020/What-is-Differential-Impedance-and-Why-do-We-Care/F1.jpg>
Compare the distances between the layers:
4-layer:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Q2lWz.png)
Image source: <https://www.bitweenie.com/wp-content/uploads/2013/04/4LayerPCB_Stackup.png>
2-layer:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/apju1.png)
Image source: <https://manage.pcbgogo.com/img/js/ueditor/ueditor1.4.3.3/net/upload/image/20200114/6371460255595880006009080.png>
In that way I don’t believe in ground poured next to traces and pads; the effect is too small and a possible cause of trouble if not designed very carefully. | A 2-layer PCB will be insufficient for fast signals when the design is dense using recent tiny surface-mount chips.
On a 2-layer PCB, you won't have the luxury of having a power plane and a ground plane unless the design is rather simple.
The separation between the ground plane and signal traces on a 2-layer PCB is several times larger than you'll get on a 4-layer PCB, and this negatively affects signal integrity.
In your design, you'll likely need to use series termination resistors at least on the source end of signal traces, to keep the ringing to a minimum. This will require careful measurement on a prototype board, and optimizing the part values manually.
There's always a benefit to have two reference planes, i.e. a ground and one or more power planes, or even multiple ground planes in a multi-layer design. The general idea is to "short" the planes together at AC by distributing small coupling capacitors across the board. I call it "sprinking the board" with caps. Imagine you have a spice shaker and you've shaken some 0402 capacitors on the board. Those capacitors would go between the power and ground planes, independently of any decoupling caps next to the chips. These "sprinkles" will provide the distributed capacitance needed to make the power and ground planes equally good at routing return currents of fast signals. |
86,979 | I've used Ubuntu using WUBI for a couple of months and decided that this was not what I wanted and that Ubuntu should have its own partition. I have it set up like that now. My dilemma deals with what bootloader to use as the primary one.
As it is now, after my laptop's splash screen, Grub 2 shows up and one of the options is Windows. My concern is that some problem with either Ubuntu or Windows would make it so the respective bootloader won't work and the operating system that is perfectly fine won't be able to be accessed because of the failure of one of the bootloaders.
So, I was wondering if there is a general consensus as to which bootloader to have in charge. Thanks in advance.
EDIT: So one bootloader is not inherently more secure than the other? I have read that holding shift on boot makes Grub appear but would this be the case even if something happened to the Ubuntu install? Or do I not have much to worry about because Ubuntu is pretty stable, as long as I stay with the 6 month release cycle? | 2011/12/11 | [
"https://askubuntu.com/questions/86979",
"https://askubuntu.com",
"https://askubuntu.com/users/37536/"
] | Depends, both work well, use the one you feel most comfortable with.
If you want support from the Linux / Ubuntu community , use grub.
If you use the windows boot loader, your support will be either Microsoft or the Windows community. | I've been dual booting using grub on 7 systems (actually 5 different people / families) for a couple of years, have been through several upgrades. Some of them keep a version for 3 releases then have to do multiple upgrades at the same time. I have personally never had a problem and since all these systems just have the non Ubuntu OS available because it was installed anyway and will only be used on rare occasions we stick with grub and Ubuntu as the default boot. I always take comfort from knowing that unless the hard drive totally dies, I can rescue either system (the data anyway) using an Ubuntu live boot with my handy USB.
As a side note I should mention that recently a installed Ubuntu for someone who wanted to seriously try it but wanted Windows as the default and found that [Startup Manager](https://help.ubuntu.com/community/StartUpManager) is really handy for making this change. |
86,979 | I've used Ubuntu using WUBI for a couple of months and decided that this was not what I wanted and that Ubuntu should have its own partition. I have it set up like that now. My dilemma deals with what bootloader to use as the primary one.
As it is now, after my laptop's splash screen, Grub 2 shows up and one of the options is Windows. My concern is that some problem with either Ubuntu or Windows would make it so the respective bootloader won't work and the operating system that is perfectly fine won't be able to be accessed because of the failure of one of the bootloaders.
So, I was wondering if there is a general consensus as to which bootloader to have in charge. Thanks in advance.
EDIT: So one bootloader is not inherently more secure than the other? I have read that holding shift on boot makes Grub appear but would this be the case even if something happened to the Ubuntu install? Or do I not have much to worry about because Ubuntu is pretty stable, as long as I stay with the 6 month release cycle? | 2011/12/11 | [
"https://askubuntu.com/questions/86979",
"https://askubuntu.com",
"https://askubuntu.com/users/37536/"
] | Depends, both work well, use the one you feel most comfortable with.
If you want support from the Linux / Ubuntu community , use grub.
If you use the windows boot loader, your support will be either Microsoft or the Windows community. | The windows boot manager will show only the windows versions of os only but not the other
Where as the GRUB will show all the operating systems present the hard disk my my advice is to use only GRUB. |
86,979 | I've used Ubuntu using WUBI for a couple of months and decided that this was not what I wanted and that Ubuntu should have its own partition. I have it set up like that now. My dilemma deals with what bootloader to use as the primary one.
As it is now, after my laptop's splash screen, Grub 2 shows up and one of the options is Windows. My concern is that some problem with either Ubuntu or Windows would make it so the respective bootloader won't work and the operating system that is perfectly fine won't be able to be accessed because of the failure of one of the bootloaders.
So, I was wondering if there is a general consensus as to which bootloader to have in charge. Thanks in advance.
EDIT: So one bootloader is not inherently more secure than the other? I have read that holding shift on boot makes Grub appear but would this be the case even if something happened to the Ubuntu install? Or do I not have much to worry about because Ubuntu is pretty stable, as long as I stay with the 6 month release cycle? | 2011/12/11 | [
"https://askubuntu.com/questions/86979",
"https://askubuntu.com",
"https://askubuntu.com/users/37536/"
] | I've been dual booting using grub on 7 systems (actually 5 different people / families) for a couple of years, have been through several upgrades. Some of them keep a version for 3 releases then have to do multiple upgrades at the same time. I have personally never had a problem and since all these systems just have the non Ubuntu OS available because it was installed anyway and will only be used on rare occasions we stick with grub and Ubuntu as the default boot. I always take comfort from knowing that unless the hard drive totally dies, I can rescue either system (the data anyway) using an Ubuntu live boot with my handy USB.
As a side note I should mention that recently a installed Ubuntu for someone who wanted to seriously try it but wanted Windows as the default and found that [Startup Manager](https://help.ubuntu.com/community/StartUpManager) is really handy for making this change. | The windows boot manager will show only the windows versions of os only but not the other
Where as the GRUB will show all the operating systems present the hard disk my my advice is to use only GRUB. |
86,979 | I've used Ubuntu using WUBI for a couple of months and decided that this was not what I wanted and that Ubuntu should have its own partition. I have it set up like that now. My dilemma deals with what bootloader to use as the primary one.
As it is now, after my laptop's splash screen, Grub 2 shows up and one of the options is Windows. My concern is that some problem with either Ubuntu or Windows would make it so the respective bootloader won't work and the operating system that is perfectly fine won't be able to be accessed because of the failure of one of the bootloaders.
So, I was wondering if there is a general consensus as to which bootloader to have in charge. Thanks in advance.
EDIT: So one bootloader is not inherently more secure than the other? I have read that holding shift on boot makes Grub appear but would this be the case even if something happened to the Ubuntu install? Or do I not have much to worry about because Ubuntu is pretty stable, as long as I stay with the 6 month release cycle? | 2011/12/11 | [
"https://askubuntu.com/questions/86979",
"https://askubuntu.com",
"https://askubuntu.com/users/37536/"
] | I personally would recommend GRUB to you as it automatically detects all installed OS (as you can see) and has more options (I mean possibilities to configure it as you want). By the way it definitely looks nicer, especially when you personalized it using Grub-customizer. It's a GUI tool for Ubuntu that makes the configuration super easy. Just google how to install it (3 lines of terminal input) and have fun. You can rename entries, put them in subdirectories, configure the screen resolution, fonts, colors, background image, delay, default option etc....
And it is a free open-source software which is (almost) always better than commercial stuff (personal opinion). Besides, as you recently installed Ubuntu, GRUB is your current bootloader anyway, why should you change it? You still can do this (using a rescue bootcd/stick) when/if ever something happened.
Additionally, my personal experience is, that it is much easier to make Windows fail booting than Linux. This usually does not mainly depend on the bootloader but on what happens later, but you see what I mean... | I've been dual booting using grub on 7 systems (actually 5 different people / families) for a couple of years, have been through several upgrades. Some of them keep a version for 3 releases then have to do multiple upgrades at the same time. I have personally never had a problem and since all these systems just have the non Ubuntu OS available because it was installed anyway and will only be used on rare occasions we stick with grub and Ubuntu as the default boot. I always take comfort from knowing that unless the hard drive totally dies, I can rescue either system (the data anyway) using an Ubuntu live boot with my handy USB.
As a side note I should mention that recently a installed Ubuntu for someone who wanted to seriously try it but wanted Windows as the default and found that [Startup Manager](https://help.ubuntu.com/community/StartUpManager) is really handy for making this change. |
86,979 | I've used Ubuntu using WUBI for a couple of months and decided that this was not what I wanted and that Ubuntu should have its own partition. I have it set up like that now. My dilemma deals with what bootloader to use as the primary one.
As it is now, after my laptop's splash screen, Grub 2 shows up and one of the options is Windows. My concern is that some problem with either Ubuntu or Windows would make it so the respective bootloader won't work and the operating system that is perfectly fine won't be able to be accessed because of the failure of one of the bootloaders.
So, I was wondering if there is a general consensus as to which bootloader to have in charge. Thanks in advance.
EDIT: So one bootloader is not inherently more secure than the other? I have read that holding shift on boot makes Grub appear but would this be the case even if something happened to the Ubuntu install? Or do I not have much to worry about because Ubuntu is pretty stable, as long as I stay with the 6 month release cycle? | 2011/12/11 | [
"https://askubuntu.com/questions/86979",
"https://askubuntu.com",
"https://askubuntu.com/users/37536/"
] | I personally would recommend GRUB to you as it automatically detects all installed OS (as you can see) and has more options (I mean possibilities to configure it as you want). By the way it definitely looks nicer, especially when you personalized it using Grub-customizer. It's a GUI tool for Ubuntu that makes the configuration super easy. Just google how to install it (3 lines of terminal input) and have fun. You can rename entries, put them in subdirectories, configure the screen resolution, fonts, colors, background image, delay, default option etc....
And it is a free open-source software which is (almost) always better than commercial stuff (personal opinion). Besides, as you recently installed Ubuntu, GRUB is your current bootloader anyway, why should you change it? You still can do this (using a rescue bootcd/stick) when/if ever something happened.
Additionally, my personal experience is, that it is much easier to make Windows fail booting than Linux. This usually does not mainly depend on the bootloader but on what happens later, but you see what I mean... | The windows boot manager will show only the windows versions of os only but not the other
Where as the GRUB will show all the operating systems present the hard disk my my advice is to use only GRUB. |
8,261,727 | In google app engine, you can do routing at 2 places: in your app.yaml, you can send requests to url's off to different scripts, and inside a script, when you work with wsgiApp, you can again do routing, and send different url's off to different handlers. Is there an advantage of doing your routing in either of these places? | 2011/11/24 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/8261727",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/675311/"
] | Generally the best approach is to use `app.yaml` for 'application level' routing - defining paths for static content, utilities like mapreduce, and your main application - and doing the routing for your app from within a single request handler. This avoids the overhead of defining multiple request handlers for each part of your app, while still preserving isolation for distinct components such as external utilities. | You have to use both. Do the high level routing in app.yaml and the more fine grained routing in the wsgi. The important is that you get a god structure of what is routed in each place. I can not see any argument that the one is superior to the other. |
6,242 | I want to buy a good all-purpose Chef's knife and also sharpen it myself. But I have no experience sharpening with a waterstone so I'm a little afraid of spending much money and then ruining the knife. What is the most basic type of knife in terms of materials and style which would allow me to effectively practice sharpening? | 2010/08/28 | [
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/questions/6242",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/users/952/"
] | While you can learn how to sharpen on almost any straight blade knife, my recommendation is to start on one that:
* Isn't expensive, (try yard sales, thrift stores, and pawn shops - the goal is to learn technique, not have a fancy knife)
* Isn't very long, (6 inches max)
* Is wide enough that wearing the blade away won't be a big issue, (chef's knife would be fine)
* Is not too thin or too thick, (not a boning knife or a meat cleaver)
* Is a softer typer of steel, (so that you will sharpen more frequently, and so it will be easier to grind back the edge if needed)
* Doesn't have a great finish (the finish is the part that you're most likely to mess up beyond easy repair).
---
As far as sharpening tools go, I think you need several grades of whetstones to really get a great edge. You can buy them separately or as part of a kit. I would skip any other type of sharpener, even a honer for now (again, so that you'll be forced to practice resharpening more often).
Then it's a matter of practicing sharpening and testing the edge. Make really sure you get your technique down before trying to add ANY speed. Make sure your fingers are NEVER in the path of the blade. Work from roughest to finest whetstone.
If you mess up on the whetstone angle, go back to the roughest stone and regrind to a fresh edge.
Your practice knife will get scratched up and worn down faster than normal. When you're comfortable with your skill, get a slightly nicer knife and a honing steel. | What about using the list of criteria developed in an [earlier question](https://cooking.stackexchange.com/questions/6158/what-should-i-look-for-in-a-good-multi-purpose-chefs-knife) and sharpening not with a waterstone, but with something easier for a novice sharpener to understand? Two-stage sharpeners like [this one from Wustof](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/B0009NMVRI) (but there are many more options beside, just google 2-stage sharpeners, this just happens to be what I own) make it difficult to get your angle incorrect.
Another option would be to get a guard for your waterstone.
While you can sharpen cheap knives with any of the above techniques, unless you have a knife that holds an edge you won't really notice a difference. A cook I know tried to sharpen a fairly beat up, fairly poor knife with a 2-stage sharpener and it made no difference. Sharpening my higher-quality home knives with one helps immensely. |
6,242 | I want to buy a good all-purpose Chef's knife and also sharpen it myself. But I have no experience sharpening with a waterstone so I'm a little afraid of spending much money and then ruining the knife. What is the most basic type of knife in terms of materials and style which would allow me to effectively practice sharpening? | 2010/08/28 | [
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/questions/6242",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/users/952/"
] | While you can learn how to sharpen on almost any straight blade knife, my recommendation is to start on one that:
* Isn't expensive, (try yard sales, thrift stores, and pawn shops - the goal is to learn technique, not have a fancy knife)
* Isn't very long, (6 inches max)
* Is wide enough that wearing the blade away won't be a big issue, (chef's knife would be fine)
* Is not too thin or too thick, (not a boning knife or a meat cleaver)
* Is a softer typer of steel, (so that you will sharpen more frequently, and so it will be easier to grind back the edge if needed)
* Doesn't have a great finish (the finish is the part that you're most likely to mess up beyond easy repair).
---
As far as sharpening tools go, I think you need several grades of whetstones to really get a great edge. You can buy them separately or as part of a kit. I would skip any other type of sharpener, even a honer for now (again, so that you'll be forced to practice resharpening more often).
Then it's a matter of practicing sharpening and testing the edge. Make really sure you get your technique down before trying to add ANY speed. Make sure your fingers are NEVER in the path of the blade. Work from roughest to finest whetstone.
If you mess up on the whetstone angle, go back to the roughest stone and regrind to a fresh edge.
Your practice knife will get scratched up and worn down faster than normal. When you're comfortable with your skill, get a slightly nicer knife and a honing steel. | For the second purchase, get a reasonably traditional japanese knife (eg a user-quality kurouchi-style santoku/nakiri, should be $40 to $80. Made from a japanese carbon steel like SK-anything, or yellow or white paper steel).
The reason being that these are usually not shipped with a factory edge meant to be used as-is - putting the knife into use starts with sharpening it.
The steels mentioned are hard but not hard to sharpen, and can take and hold very acute edges if you want to experiment (down to 10° per side should still be usable for light duty), and you can be confident that the steel does not limit the sharpness you get, only your skill does. |
35,584,687 | I have a layout with ToolBar which has a close/back icon. Now I have created an another layout which is transparent and on top of previous layout. This layover layout also has a close/back icon.
I need to align this icon EXACTLY on top of the icon beneath. Is there anyway to find the margins/paddings for this? | 2016/02/23 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/35584687",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/985213/"
] | Yes. You can look material design doc. <https://www.google.com/design/spec/layout/structure.html#structure-app-bar>
App bar height: 56dp
App bar left and right padding: 16dp
App bar icon top, bottom, left padding: 16dp
App bar title left padding: 72dp
App bar title bottom padding: 20dp | The best way to fix this is having another ToolBar in the overlay fragment. In this way you can get icons exactly on top of other icon without doing any dirty work.
At least that's how I resolved my issue. |
229,030 | I have one copy for my Wii, but now my girlfriend would like to play co-op with me on our Wii U. I dont really want to go out and buy a second copy if we can't play over LAN together now that WiiConnect24 is no longer on service.
Also, please don't recommend buying New Leaf. We already own it but want something we can play on the big screen. | 2015/07/23 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/229030",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/42014/"
] | No, ACCF doesn't and has never worked over LAN.
Why not Wiimmfi? It has full support for ACCF. | You can still play Animal Crossing city Folk or lets go to the City using the new WIIMMFI servers. They are private and created to replace the Nintendo WFC servers that closed down.
All you need is a patched copy of ACCF or download the patcher for ACCF from WIIMMFI. You can google to find out all you need. |
229,030 | I have one copy for my Wii, but now my girlfriend would like to play co-op with me on our Wii U. I dont really want to go out and buy a second copy if we can't play over LAN together now that WiiConnect24 is no longer on service.
Also, please don't recommend buying New Leaf. We already own it but want something we can play on the big screen. | 2015/07/23 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/229030",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/42014/"
] | There is no local play. The only way to do this over LAN or Wifi is to hack your Wii. It's relatively simple and the only way to get continued support for this discontinued product.
1. Hack your Wii with LetterBomb
================================
<https://please.hackmii.com/>
>
> Instructions
>
>
> 1. On Computer: If there is a folder titled "private" on your SD card,
> rename it to "privateold"
> 2. On Computer: Copy the "private" directory from the LetterBomb
> download to the root of your SD card.
> 3. On Computer: Take your homebrew (preferably Hackmii Installer) and
> put it in the ROOT of your SD card as "boot.elf". Note that you can
> download the Hackmii Installer directly from the download link
> provided above. You will be asked for U (American), E (Europe), J
> (Japanese) or K (Korean).
> 4. Wii: Put your SD card in your Wii and turn it on.
> 5. Wii: Go into the Wii Message Board and navigate to "Today",
> "Yesterday" or "Two days ago".
> 6. Wii: Click on the appropriate envelope, sit back and prepare for the
> hacking glory.
>
>
>
2. Patch your game with Wiimmfi
===============================
<https://wiiki.wii-homebrew.com/Wiimmfi_(en)/Patcher>
You will need to check that link to get additional links and files. Here's a simplified version of what you'll be doing.
>
> **Patching disk images**
>
>
> You will need:
>
>
> * A (soft)modded Nintendo Wii
> * The Homebrew Channel and
> * A Custom IOS (cIOS) to change the way your Wii accesses data
> * USB Loader GX (or a different USB loader)
> * A USB storage device (eg. HDD, USB stick) formatted for use with USB Loader GX
> * Wii Backup Manager or a different WBFS Manager.
>
>
>
Follow the directions and you'll be good to go. Make sure you follow all the steps. If you mess up the part with custom IOS you're going to brick your Wii. As long as you're paying attention and following the steps you'll be fine. It's literally one of the easiest consoles to hack. | You can still play Animal Crossing city Folk or lets go to the City using the new WIIMMFI servers. They are private and created to replace the Nintendo WFC servers that closed down.
All you need is a patched copy of ACCF or download the patcher for ACCF from WIIMMFI. You can google to find out all you need. |
229,030 | I have one copy for my Wii, but now my girlfriend would like to play co-op with me on our Wii U. I dont really want to go out and buy a second copy if we can't play over LAN together now that WiiConnect24 is no longer on service.
Also, please don't recommend buying New Leaf. We already own it but want something we can play on the big screen. | 2015/07/23 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/229030",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/42014/"
] | There is no local play. The only way to do this over LAN or Wifi is to hack your Wii. It's relatively simple and the only way to get continued support for this discontinued product.
1. Hack your Wii with LetterBomb
================================
<https://please.hackmii.com/>
>
> Instructions
>
>
> 1. On Computer: If there is a folder titled "private" on your SD card,
> rename it to "privateold"
> 2. On Computer: Copy the "private" directory from the LetterBomb
> download to the root of your SD card.
> 3. On Computer: Take your homebrew (preferably Hackmii Installer) and
> put it in the ROOT of your SD card as "boot.elf". Note that you can
> download the Hackmii Installer directly from the download link
> provided above. You will be asked for U (American), E (Europe), J
> (Japanese) or K (Korean).
> 4. Wii: Put your SD card in your Wii and turn it on.
> 5. Wii: Go into the Wii Message Board and navigate to "Today",
> "Yesterday" or "Two days ago".
> 6. Wii: Click on the appropriate envelope, sit back and prepare for the
> hacking glory.
>
>
>
2. Patch your game with Wiimmfi
===============================
<https://wiiki.wii-homebrew.com/Wiimmfi_(en)/Patcher>
You will need to check that link to get additional links and files. Here's a simplified version of what you'll be doing.
>
> **Patching disk images**
>
>
> You will need:
>
>
> * A (soft)modded Nintendo Wii
> * The Homebrew Channel and
> * A Custom IOS (cIOS) to change the way your Wii accesses data
> * USB Loader GX (or a different USB loader)
> * A USB storage device (eg. HDD, USB stick) formatted for use with USB Loader GX
> * Wii Backup Manager or a different WBFS Manager.
>
>
>
Follow the directions and you'll be good to go. Make sure you follow all the steps. If you mess up the part with custom IOS you're going to brick your Wii. As long as you're paying attention and following the steps you'll be fine. It's literally one of the easiest consoles to hack. | No, ACCF doesn't and has never worked over LAN.
Why not Wiimmfi? It has full support for ACCF. |
17,142 | Is it possible to be able to delete a member without deleting his/her comments for posterity purposes such as retaining it for forums and the like? | 2013/11/26 | [
"https://expressionengine.stackexchange.com/questions/17142",
"https://expressionengine.stackexchange.com",
"https://expressionengine.stackexchange.com/users/636/"
] | If you're comfortable with SQL, you can update the database to *change* the member\_id on the comments to one that's not being deleted. So, you could create a 'past member' member, and then update the comments to use the member\_id of the 'past member'. This will disconnect those comments from the members you want to delete.
Other options:
Save a backup of the database, and then delete the member and their comments. If you ever want to see the old comments, run a copy of the site against the older database.
Don't delete the members at all, but move them into a member group that has no privileges. | To answer your direct question, it is not possible to delete a member and keep their comments using EE's native process of deleting members. Deleting a member from the control panel will delete the comments. I believe you can elect to have entries/comments moved to a different member. |
43,340 | This is kind of a frivolous bike question, but I am rebuilding a 1980s road bike to look like an old French porteur bike. The frame of my bike is a light silver blue color and I'd like to swap out the current saddle with a Brooks Aged B17 saddle. But I can't seem to find handlebar tape that matches the Brooks Aged saddle. Any ideas?
I've attached a photo of the road bike (a 1982 Miyata). The drop bars will be replaced with VO Belleville bars and Dia Compe inverse brake levers and, of course, the saddle in the photo will be replaced with a Brooks B17 Aged saddle. Besides leather I'm open to cotton cloth tape and could do a shellac coating but don't know what color cotton tape and shellac to use to match the Brooks saddle. I find photos on Amazon, etc. tend to show one color and when the product arrives it's a completely different color.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/wqAtR.jpg) | 2016/10/22 | [
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/43340",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/users/22694/"
] | Brooks makes leather bar tape for some large amount of money (I think 75-100 USD), which matches their saddles.
They also make a cotton bar tape in a similar color (for some large, but not as large amount of money). | Many people sew their own leather grips. It's easy enough to buy an old leather handbag, belt, or jacket at a thrift store that matches the color; cut it into strips; and sew it up using leather sewing thread or cord available at craft supply stores.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/2qOUQ.jpg) |
43,340 | This is kind of a frivolous bike question, but I am rebuilding a 1980s road bike to look like an old French porteur bike. The frame of my bike is a light silver blue color and I'd like to swap out the current saddle with a Brooks Aged B17 saddle. But I can't seem to find handlebar tape that matches the Brooks Aged saddle. Any ideas?
I've attached a photo of the road bike (a 1982 Miyata). The drop bars will be replaced with VO Belleville bars and Dia Compe inverse brake levers and, of course, the saddle in the photo will be replaced with a Brooks B17 Aged saddle. Besides leather I'm open to cotton cloth tape and could do a shellac coating but don't know what color cotton tape and shellac to use to match the Brooks saddle. I find photos on Amazon, etc. tend to show one color and when the product arrives it's a completely different color.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/wqAtR.jpg) | 2016/10/22 | [
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/questions/43340",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com",
"https://bicycles.stackexchange.com/users/22694/"
] | Brooks makes leather bar tape for some large amount of money (I think 75-100 USD), which matches their saddles.
They also make a cotton bar tape in a similar color (for some large, but not as large amount of money). | As one answer suggests brooks makes their own handlebar tape and it is really nice with cork bar end plugs. As also noted it is not cheap.
In addition as another answer suggests, you could make your own. That being said, if you don't feel overly creative you could let someone else make them, think [etsy.](https://www.etsy.com/)
Search "leather handlebar tape" and some really nice options crop up with varying price levels. Here are a few I found with a quick search.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/2F0Pf.jpg)
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/pEQsh.jpg)
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/MaqL0.jpg)
Happy trails! |
1,819,868 | My web project (to be launched in a few months) is currently using CakePHP 1.2.5 / PHP 5.1.6 / MySQL 5.0.77.
From a performance point of view, is it a good idea to upgrade to 1.3?
Will it make it easier to later upgrade to the (PHP5-only) CakePHP 2? | 2009/11/30 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1819868",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/181222/"
] | I'd say it depends on when you expect to get your site out the door. 1.3 is currently in alpha status and probably won't be officially stable for a while. While the changes being made between 1.2 and 1.3 shouldn't have a huge impact on the overall stability, the new features being put in might still be buggy. The question is, is there anything in 1.3 that you absolutely need *now*?
If you want to release your site soon on an unstable version of 1.3, you need to make sure through a lot of testing that the parts you're using are performing as expected. If your project will evolve over time together with 1.3, let's say over the next 6 months or so, and you continuously keep updating, you'll probably be in better shape. For example, I developed a project on the 1.2 beta and there were a few bugs in `Set`, which tripped me up, but got ironed out 'till the final release.
For a long-term project, I'd prefer the 1.3 branch, while for a near-future release I'd stick with 1.2.5 for now. You can keep an eye on the [Migration Guide](http://code.cakephp.org/wiki/1.3/migration-guide) to avoid API calls that will be deprecated in 1.3, to allow for an easier later upgrade. | I think an upgrade is always a better opition IF you have time to do it. Im not into CataPHP but, i would do any upgraded if i have enough time before the release. |
1,819,868 | My web project (to be launched in a few months) is currently using CakePHP 1.2.5 / PHP 5.1.6 / MySQL 5.0.77.
From a performance point of view, is it a good idea to upgrade to 1.3?
Will it make it easier to later upgrade to the (PHP5-only) CakePHP 2? | 2009/11/30 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/1819868",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/181222/"
] | I'd say it depends on when you expect to get your site out the door. 1.3 is currently in alpha status and probably won't be officially stable for a while. While the changes being made between 1.2 and 1.3 shouldn't have a huge impact on the overall stability, the new features being put in might still be buggy. The question is, is there anything in 1.3 that you absolutely need *now*?
If you want to release your site soon on an unstable version of 1.3, you need to make sure through a lot of testing that the parts you're using are performing as expected. If your project will evolve over time together with 1.3, let's say over the next 6 months or so, and you continuously keep updating, you'll probably be in better shape. For example, I developed a project on the 1.2 beta and there were a few bugs in `Set`, which tripped me up, but got ironed out 'till the final release.
For a long-term project, I'd prefer the 1.3 branch, while for a near-future release I'd stick with 1.2.5 for now. You can keep an eye on the [Migration Guide](http://code.cakephp.org/wiki/1.3/migration-guide) to avoid API calls that will be deprecated in 1.3, to allow for an easier later upgrade. | i'd upgrade early situation allows. if you haven't you might want to start using the cakephp/simpletest test to make sure things work just fine.
i took my time upgrading from 1.1 to 1.2 and had a lot of 'fun' going through my codes. :) |
67,968 | Hello I have a question about storage trie in Ethereum.
I read many articles but there is no mention about what data is in storage trie.
So, Please help me.
Thanks. | 2019/03/06 | [
"https://ethereum.stackexchange.com/questions/67968",
"https://ethereum.stackexchange.com",
"https://ethereum.stackexchange.com/users/51200/"
] | The storage trie is where the smart contract data is stored, note that this is not part of the block (only the root of the storage root is stored in the block-header) because this data can be retrieved from the transactions.
The article posted below by @Gabriel actually has an explanation of ethereum world state, including the storage trie. See this also [How data is stored in ethereum](https://hackernoon.com/getting-deep-into-ethereum-how-data-is-stored-in-ethereum-e3f669d96033)
Hope this helps | I have to admit it is hard to find good explanations about what is stored in the Merkel Trie. [This article](https://medium.com/cybermiles/diving-into-ethereums-world-state-c893102030ed) was, to me, very useful I hope it help you as well
"A storage trie is where all of the contract data lives. Each Ethereum account has its own storage trie. A 256-bit hash of the storage trie’s root node is stored as the storageRoot value in the global state trie (which we just discussed).
"
(extracted from article above) |
555,631 | I'm having a bit of trouble understanding how this logic level shift circuit works exactly. The design is from [Sparkfun](https://learn.sparkfun.com/tutorials/bi-directional-logic-level-converter-hookup-guide/all).
Hhere is the schematic:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/yisiO.jpg)
For my application, the LV and HV are the 3.3V and 5V bus respectively. The LV1 and HV1 are the respective logic pins. I have a confident idea on how it works when LV1 is the input and HV1 is the output. However I can't seem to figure out how it works the other way around when HV1 is the input and LV1 is the output.
Here is what I know so far on how the circuit works. If LV1 is high, the voltage potential between LV1 and LV (gate of the N-MOSFET) aka Vgs is zero. Thus the MOSFET is off (open circuit) and HV1 only gets the 5V signal from HV through R4. When LV1 is low, there is a Vgs of 3.3V and the MOSFET turns on. From it, HV1 is at the same voltage potential as LV1 thus it's low.
Is my explanation correct on how the LV1 being the input works? How does the circuit work the other way around when HV1 is the input? | 2021/03/26 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/555631",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/232734/"
] | You'll need a linear current to voltage converter.
[simulate this circuit](/plugins/schematics?image=http%3a%2f%2fi.stack.imgur.com%2fjvAa7.png) – Schematic created using [CircuitLab](https://www.circuitlab.com/)
*Figure 1. Full schematic of a linear current to voltage converter.*
If the ADC is 0 to 5 V then set R1 to 250 Ω. Your 4 - 20 mA will give an input of 1 to 5 V so you'll lose 20% of your useful range but this is a small price for the simplicity.
0.1% resistors and even 0.01% are available in a few key values for standard conversion voltages but may be a bit pricey for you.
---
From the comments:
>
> I said best because I need a system that can last long time without any damage for Stm32. So, 150 ohm resistor can not be sufficent for me.
>
>
>
That should have been a specification in the question. (It still is not there.)
A resistor solution can last forever if the system is not abused. Again, this is a missing specification requirement and you need to specify in your question what abuse and fault conditions you need to protect against.
>
> Also, I have sensor which has 12-24v range.
>
>
>
No, you said you have a 4 - 20 mA sensor. It most likely can be powered by a 12 to 24 V (capital 'V') power supply. The maximum output voltage will be determined by the output current and the shunt resistor, R1 in this case.
---
Link to ad page supplied in comments:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/2mc3Y.png)
*Figure 2. The 2-wire transmitter.*
You have selected a 2-wire transmitter. The circuit of Figure 1 is perfectly suited for this. As a precaution you can test the worst case current from the transmitter by replacing "Instruments" with your multimeter in mA mode. Then pressurise the switch to the maximum pressure it will ever see in service and read the current. If it goes a bit over 20 mA then reduce the value of R1 accordingly.
Note that you have chosen a device with no datasheet and that the illustration says "current dutput". That may be an indication of product quality. "No datasheet? No sale!" is a good motto. | I do not know how your sensor output is, you do not give many information, but I would suggest you either a high or low side current sensing Op-amp.
High side (more complex, but essential if you cannot place the Resistor for sensing (Shunt resistor) to the GND side: [High side Op-amp current sensing](https://www.ti.com/lit/an/sboa347/sboa347.pdf?ts=1616785130649&ref_url=https%253A%252F%252Fwww.google.com%252F).
Low side op-amp current sensing is easier and pimplier, look it up, also needs a shunt resistor. |
6,314,998 | I was wondering if there is any script that will allow one to limit the network bandwidth (download\upload) for a certain process on a mac? | 2011/06/11 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/6314998",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/793810/"
] | The first .NET version of Visual Studio was internal version 7.0, so I think they named the folder Common7 based on that. Then later there were a lot of dependencies (probably external, like plugins or whatnot) that used the name Common7 so it would break too much if they changed it in later version. | There are too many add-ins and build scripts that have hard-coded the "Common7" folder name. Somewhat self-inflicted, it isn't that easy to find the proper path to the folder. The environment variable name is VS90COMNTOOLS for VS2008. Note the version number in the name, also not sure if it was available back in VS2003. |
12,036,496 | So I have a servlet which prints content of various files. But when I want to print .xml file my servlet page doesn't print anything, because page uses this xml tags as html and is parsing them istead of printing. And I want to print this tags. I am reading file line by line and lines are stored in variable line. | 2012/08/20 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/12036496",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1568385/"
] | can you call JS from Delphi ?
<http://www.delphidabbler.com/articles?article=21>
<http://jansfreeware.com/articles/delphi-ie-javascript.html>
<http://www.programmersheaven.com/article/12946-How+to+call+JavaScript+functions+in+a+TWebBrowser+from+Delphi/info.aspx>
---
probably there should be way
<http://www.roseindia.net/javascript/javascript-click-method.shtml>
---
To locate the control DOM Object you may try collections such as GetXXXByName or libraries like jQuery or custom JS code.
however that is the question on Internet Epxlorer + JavaScript, not on Delphi. | No need for javascript as Arioch implies.
You can have access to the complete DOM via TWebBrowser.Document.
There are many resources on the net on this subject, this is the most complete one:
<http://www.cryer.co.uk/brian/delphi/twebbrowser/read_write_form_elements.htm>
if you look around on SO you also will find some [snippets](https://stackoverflow.com/a/11454482/800214). |
34,522,201 | In ANTLR 4 is there a way to access tokens on the hidden channel (or some other channels) in semantic predicates of the parser?
I would like to send the \r\n to hidden channel since mostly I don't need the EOL characters. But in some cases in a semantic predicate I would need to see if there is an EOL after the given token. | 2015/12/30 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/34522201",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/352050/"
] | Tbh. I have no experience with ANLTR 4 but in ANTLR 3 you can use the token source to get all tokens, regardless of the channel. Something similar is certainly possible in version 4 too. I use this feature to restore the original input for AST subtrees (i.e. from token stream start index to end index). | Yes, this can be done. Look at [this question](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/41667217/antlr4-how-can-i-both-hide-and-use-tokens-in-a-grammar) and [this question](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/13661754/semantic-predicates-in-antlr4) for some examples. The first one of these seems to directly address your question about handling EOL "some of the time". |
89,767 | As far as I know, it is valid to say "they can produce music ***on*** their own terms" when you want to say that a group can produce music without having to answer to anybody but themselves.
Is it also valid to say "they can produce music ***in*** their own terms"? Does this convey the same thing? If not, what does it really mean? | 2012/10/31 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/89767",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/2668/"
] | “**On** someone’s terms” means according to the “terms”—stipulations or provisions—which that person sets. “We do it on my terms” means “We do it my way.” “We bought it on his terms” means “We bought it at a price he set.”
“**In** someone’s terms” means using the “terms”—the language, the categories, the concepts—which that person uses. “In Kant’s terms, this is the ‘categorical imperative.’”
I find it difficult to imagine a natural situation in which musicians “produce in their own terms”, or anybody else’s—perhaps Beethoven, when he abandoned *allegro*, *andante*, *adagio* and other Italian words in favor of metronome markings, and started using *Hammerclavier* instead of *pianoforte*? | The "standard" idiomatic meaning of [on one's own terms](http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/term) is *in accordance with one's wishes : in one's own way*. In that link, Merriam-Webster's example is *he prefers to live on his own terms*.
*"In one's own terms"* isn't such an established idiom, but it's [certainly not uncommon](https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=%22in%20their%20own%20terms%22&btnG=Search%20Books&tbm=bks&tbo=1#q=%22in%20their%20own%20terms%22&hl=en&tbo=1&tbm=bks&ei=XrmRUJf_HfS20QWG0YHgDQ&start=10&sa=N&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.r_cp.r_qf.&fp=1301a46b09d10054&bpcl=36601534&biw=1302&bih=870). There's a degree of semantic overlap anyway, but it seems to me about half the instances linked to there basically have the above meaning. The rest have the more literal sense we normally see rendered as *"In one's own **words**"* (using the words and phrasings one is most familiar with).
My advice would be to stick to *"**on** your own **terms**"* when you mean something akin to ***done in line with** the terms and conditions you have decided upon*, and use *"**in** your own **words**"* for the sense of ***described using** your own natural language*.
---
In short, *"they can produce music **on** their own terms"* would normally mean they make music the way they want, but *"they can produce music **in** their own terms"* could easily be taken to mean *they make what **they** call music, but other people might just call it noise.* |
89,767 | As far as I know, it is valid to say "they can produce music ***on*** their own terms" when you want to say that a group can produce music without having to answer to anybody but themselves.
Is it also valid to say "they can produce music ***in*** their own terms"? Does this convey the same thing? If not, what does it really mean? | 2012/10/31 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/89767",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/2668/"
] | The "standard" idiomatic meaning of [on one's own terms](http://www.merriam-webster.com/dictionary/term) is *in accordance with one's wishes : in one's own way*. In that link, Merriam-Webster's example is *he prefers to live on his own terms*.
*"In one's own terms"* isn't such an established idiom, but it's [certainly not uncommon](https://www.google.co.uk/search?q=%22in%20their%20own%20terms%22&btnG=Search%20Books&tbm=bks&tbo=1#q=%22in%20their%20own%20terms%22&hl=en&tbo=1&tbm=bks&ei=XrmRUJf_HfS20QWG0YHgDQ&start=10&sa=N&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.r_cp.r_qf.&fp=1301a46b09d10054&bpcl=36601534&biw=1302&bih=870). There's a degree of semantic overlap anyway, but it seems to me about half the instances linked to there basically have the above meaning. The rest have the more literal sense we normally see rendered as *"In one's own **words**"* (using the words and phrasings one is most familiar with).
My advice would be to stick to *"**on** your own **terms**"* when you mean something akin to ***done in line with** the terms and conditions you have decided upon*, and use *"**in** your own **words**"* for the sense of ***described using** your own natural language*.
---
In short, *"they can produce music **on** their own terms"* would normally mean they make music the way they want, but *"they can produce music **in** their own terms"* could easily be taken to mean *they make what **they** call music, but other people might just call it noise.* | They indeed seem to have (re-)created music ***in*** their own terms as Bruce Eder writes in the Bee Gees [biography](http://www.allmusic.com/artist/bee-gees-mn0000043714).
>
> *Saturday Night Fever*, as an album and a film, supercharged the phenomenon and broadened its audience by tens of millions, with the Bee Gees at the forefront of the music.
>
>
> It was a profound moment although, ironically, there wasn't that much difference in their sound. Amid the dance numbers, the Bee Gees still did a healthy portion of romantic ballads that each offered memorable hooks. They'd simply decided, at Arif Mardin's urging, to forget the fact that they were white Englishmen and **plunged into soul music, emulating, in their own terms, the funkier Philadelphia soul sounds** that all three brothers knew and loved. In one fell swoop, the group had managed to meld every influence they'd ever embraced, from the Mills Brothers and the Beatles to early-'70s soul, into something of their own that was virtually irresistible. Spirits Having Flown was their crowning commercial triumph, topping 30 million in sales and yielding three more number one singles.
>
>
>
[emphasis mine]
*Terms* here seems to refer not to 'conditions', but literary terms, such as characteristic words and phrases, as the Bee Gees generally used. Did they create music using soul sounds and their usual kind of lyrics? It seems so. |
89,767 | As far as I know, it is valid to say "they can produce music ***on*** their own terms" when you want to say that a group can produce music without having to answer to anybody but themselves.
Is it also valid to say "they can produce music ***in*** their own terms"? Does this convey the same thing? If not, what does it really mean? | 2012/10/31 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/89767",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/2668/"
] | “**On** someone’s terms” means according to the “terms”—stipulations or provisions—which that person sets. “We do it on my terms” means “We do it my way.” “We bought it on his terms” means “We bought it at a price he set.”
“**In** someone’s terms” means using the “terms”—the language, the categories, the concepts—which that person uses. “In Kant’s terms, this is the ‘categorical imperative.’”
I find it difficult to imagine a natural situation in which musicians “produce in their own terms”, or anybody else’s—perhaps Beethoven, when he abandoned *allegro*, *andante*, *adagio* and other Italian words in favor of metronome markings, and started using *Hammerclavier* instead of *pianoforte*? | They indeed seem to have (re-)created music ***in*** their own terms as Bruce Eder writes in the Bee Gees [biography](http://www.allmusic.com/artist/bee-gees-mn0000043714).
>
> *Saturday Night Fever*, as an album and a film, supercharged the phenomenon and broadened its audience by tens of millions, with the Bee Gees at the forefront of the music.
>
>
> It was a profound moment although, ironically, there wasn't that much difference in their sound. Amid the dance numbers, the Bee Gees still did a healthy portion of romantic ballads that each offered memorable hooks. They'd simply decided, at Arif Mardin's urging, to forget the fact that they were white Englishmen and **plunged into soul music, emulating, in their own terms, the funkier Philadelphia soul sounds** that all three brothers knew and loved. In one fell swoop, the group had managed to meld every influence they'd ever embraced, from the Mills Brothers and the Beatles to early-'70s soul, into something of their own that was virtually irresistible. Spirits Having Flown was their crowning commercial triumph, topping 30 million in sales and yielding three more number one singles.
>
>
>
[emphasis mine]
*Terms* here seems to refer not to 'conditions', but literary terms, such as characteristic words and phrases, as the Bee Gees generally used. Did they create music using soul sounds and their usual kind of lyrics? It seems so. |
86,385 | I know that most of the people use "I belong to ABC" but I have seen "He is hailing from Mardan". So, Is there any difference?
Also, can I say "I belong to Swat" or "I belong to Mingora"? Swat is the name of my district while Mingora is the city where I live. | 2016/04/02 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/86385",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/31692/"
] | You do not "belong to" a country.
It is possible to say: "I belong here", meaning: I feel at home here and I will always live here.
"Hailing from" is formal and also a little bit old-fashioned.
"I am from" remains the best option, and also "I am originally from..." if you want to give the idea of origins/ roots. | I hail from Swat vs I belong to Swat
If you want to say that some place is your place of birth, or the place where you live, you usually use the phrasal verb "come from'. For example:
I come from Swat.
You can also use the phrasal verb "hail from" instead, but it's usually used in formal English.
As for the use of the phrase 'belong to' in this sense, it's correct grammatically, though old-fashioned. It's true that we usually use this phrase in this sense in Pakistan. |
86,385 | I know that most of the people use "I belong to ABC" but I have seen "He is hailing from Mardan". So, Is there any difference?
Also, can I say "I belong to Swat" or "I belong to Mingora"? Swat is the name of my district while Mingora is the city where I live. | 2016/04/02 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/86385",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/31692/"
] | In American English, one would usually just say
>
> 1 I am from Mingora, Swat.
>
>
> 2 I am from Swat. I am from the Switzerland of the East. I am from Pakistan.
>
>
>
We don't usually say
>
> ? 3 I come from somewhere.
>
>
>
But we can say that to stress that we are not from the place that we are currently in.
>
> 4 I come from Mingora, remember, and people from Mingora have different customs than the people here do.
>
>
>
In American English we rarely say
>
> ?5 I belong to a place or to a company.
>
>
>
I do know where you heard *I belong to ABC*, but this is not the normal way in American English to say
>
> 6 I work for ABC.
>
>
>
*Hail from* indicates origin, as in
>
> 7 She hails from Mingora, Swat
>
>
>
Two answers here have labelled *hail from* as 'formal'. However most dictionaries of American English do not indicate this. And as a native speaker of American English, I would not call *hail from* 'formal'. See also my question on ELU: [Is *hail from* necessarily formal?](https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/317307/is-hail-from-somewhere-necessarily-formal-english). I have included links in that question to dictionaries which say *hail from* is formal. (Thanks to Khan for those links.)
To me, *hail from* sounds colloquial, something that Mark Twain, in informal usage, might say. But many newspapers and magazines use it today. | I hail from Swat vs I belong to Swat
If you want to say that some place is your place of birth, or the place where you live, you usually use the phrasal verb "come from'. For example:
I come from Swat.
You can also use the phrasal verb "hail from" instead, but it's usually used in formal English.
As for the use of the phrase 'belong to' in this sense, it's correct grammatically, though old-fashioned. It's true that we usually use this phrase in this sense in Pakistan. |
9,157 | I am teaching some students how to write a 5-paragraph essay. Their writing is coming together, but when it comes to conclusions, they get lost. They have difficulty assembling the ideas for a conclusion. I can show them a list of ideal features, show them sample conclusions, and give them a list of types of conclusions, but I'd really like to give them a process or some steps that they can follow to help them to construct their ideas.
* Nearly all of the student's essays are persuasive, e.g.: "The school should build a new recreational center"; "More money should be spent on improving roads"; or "Hiking is a great activity."
Are there any steps my students can follow which will help them to think through what they could possibly say in the conclusion? | 2013/10/14 | [
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/questions/9157",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/users/3375/"
] | Different schools have different methods (for example, some insist that the last line of the introduction must be the thesis statement), but I learned that a "conclusion" is essentially reiterating the essay. So they summarize each paragraph in one or two sentences, and that's the conclusion.
From the old saw about speeches with introductions and conclusions: "Tell 'em what you're going to tell 'em, tell 'em, and then tell 'em what you told 'em." | Conclusions wrap up what you have been saying in your paper. They tie up any loose ends, briefly summarize the focal point of the paper, and ultimately end the paper with any relevant last words.
[Conclusions](https://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/resource/724/04/)
As per the linked resource from Purdue's Online Writing Lab:
* Restate your topic and why it is important,
* Restate your thesis/claim,
* Address opposing viewpoints and explain why readers should align with your position,
* Call for action or overview future research possibilities. |
9,157 | I am teaching some students how to write a 5-paragraph essay. Their writing is coming together, but when it comes to conclusions, they get lost. They have difficulty assembling the ideas for a conclusion. I can show them a list of ideal features, show them sample conclusions, and give them a list of types of conclusions, but I'd really like to give them a process or some steps that they can follow to help them to construct their ideas.
* Nearly all of the student's essays are persuasive, e.g.: "The school should build a new recreational center"; "More money should be spent on improving roads"; or "Hiking is a great activity."
Are there any steps my students can follow which will help them to think through what they could possibly say in the conclusion? | 2013/10/14 | [
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/questions/9157",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/users/3375/"
] | Different schools have different methods (for example, some insist that the last line of the introduction must be the thesis statement), but I learned that a "conclusion" is essentially reiterating the essay. So they summarize each paragraph in one or two sentences, and that's the conclusion.
From the old saw about speeches with introductions and conclusions: "Tell 'em what you're going to tell 'em, tell 'em, and then tell 'em what you told 'em." | In the concluding paragraph you should include the following:
1. An allusion to the pattern used in the introductory paragraph.
2. A restatement of the thesis statement, using some of the original language or language that "echoes" the original language. (The restatement, however, must not be a duplicate thesis statement.)
3. A summary of the three main points from the body of the paper.
4. A final statement that gives the reader signals that the discussion has come to an end. (This final statement may be a "call to action" in an persuasive paper.) |
132,457 | How can I create a diffuse texture for my rendered models or game assets ? If possible with a single node setup and no compositing needed. | 2019/02/21 | [
"https://blender.stackexchange.com/questions/132457",
"https://blender.stackexchange.com",
"https://blender.stackexchange.com/users/23134/"
] | * [**Download the node setup**](https://www.youtube.com/redirect?redir_token=xXDjnLE3V0dgt0TA3dAogzDwI4V8MTU1ODE2ODUzOEAxNTU4MDgyMTM4&q=https%3A%2F%2Fdrive.google.com%2Ffile%2Fd%2F19ScjM4mWkClVhYuTHFQVPc3RHpotW2Ln%2Fview%3Fusp%3Dsharing&v=TH5CZMdrASw&event=video_description)
* [**Generate an Asset automatically**](https://youtu.be/TH5CZMdrASw)
**Base color and blood color**
We start with the base color and the Sub-Surface Scattering to add blood to the model.
For the SSS, add an Input > Ambient Occlusion node, you can reduce the Samples for it to 8, you can reduce it even more if the amount of blood visible is subtle. Check Inside to invert it and Only Local. For the Distance use 0.4, it varies depending on the model, this is the size I will use with the Monkey mesh.
Connect the AO output to a Color Mix RGB and connect it to the Factor. Set Color1 to R; 0.7 GB: 0.1.
The Color2 will be the Base Color, add an Input > RGB and connect it.
Connect the Mix node to the Color1 of another Mix node set to Value. For the Color2 plug the RGB node of the base color. This will allow to have the blood with the same value of the base color, if you make the base color brighter the blood will be more visible.
Now add another Mix node for the amount of blood visible. In Color1 plug the RGB node, in Color2 plug the previous Value node. Set the Factor to 0 to have no blood by default.
Here is what our node setup looks like:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/KO3OB.png)
**Ambient Occlusion**
We then add an Ambient Occlusion node, you can enable Only Local if you want. To make it more realistic you can connect it to a mix node to add bluish shadows to fake ambient lighting, for that connect the AO output to the Factor of a Mix node. Set the Color1 to RG: 0 B: 0.1. Set the Color2 to white.
Add a Mix node and connect in the Color1 the node for the amount of blood and in Color2 the Ambient Occlusion effect. Set the node to Multiply and the Factor to 0.8.
The node setup:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/8NEuG.png)
**Vertical Gradient**
The vertical gradient will darker the bottom part of your model to focus the attention at the top of your model.
To create it add an Input > Texture Coordinate, connect the Generated output to a Converter > Separate RGB and use the Blue channel, that's all you have to do for this effect.
Connect the gradient to a multiply node, in Color1 plug the AO amount and in Color2 the Vertical gradient, set the Factor to 0.5.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/OhACe.png)
Here is the result you should get in the viewport (connect it to an Output > Material Output to see it):
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/IhBB7.png)
**Top Lighting**
For the fake top lighting effect add an Input > Texture Coordinate (or use the previous node), connect the Normal output to a Converter > Separate RGB, connect the Blue channel in the first Input of a Mix node set to Screen mode, for the second Input keep the grey color (RGB: 0.5), we do that to avoid to have completely dark areas. Then connect it again to a screen node in the first Input with the RGB 0.5 grey in the second color to make the image a bit brighter. Connect the vertical gradient and top lighting to a Soft Light node and set it to 0.8.
Here is the node setup:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/WrrWD.png)
And the current result:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/wlnKf.png)
For now it is too bright but we will correct the gamma later.
**Curvature**
The curvature will add an hand painted effect to your texture.
Add an Input > Geometry and connect the Pointiness output to a Converter > ColorRamp. Move the left cursor at 0.45 and the right at 0.55. Connect the fake lighting and curvature on an Overlay node and set it to 1.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/cdwKT.png)
**Gamma Correction**
The texture is too bright, by default Blender works in sRGB, it brighten everything, this was ideal for older screens. We need to fix this to have the middle grey displayed with half the luminosity.
For that set the RGB node used for the base color to a value of 0.5 in HSV mode or type this Hexadecimal code: **7F7F7F**.
The base grey color is now in Linear instead of sRGB, but in order to make it blend correctly with the other effects we need to add a node to set it to sRGB temporarly, for that add a Converter > Gamma, in Color connect the SSS node and in Gamma connect a Converter Math in Divide mode with Value 1: 0.5, Value 2: 2.2.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/stvv2.png)
After the last node add a Converter > Gamma and set it to 2.2:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/KUdkR.png)
Here is the final result with the gamma corrected:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/oRlHn.png)
Here is the result I can get by changing the color and adding a bit of SSS:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/SCPPr.png)
**Notes**
* You can now tweak the different factor if you want to add more curvature, more lighting effect, etc. Change the amount of blood on organic models and the Inverted AO distance.
+ To make the Vertical Gradient and Top Lighting effect work correctly, apply the rotation with Ctrl + A.
+ You can now directly bake your game texture in Emit mode. If you connect it to the base color input of a shader you must bake in Diffuse mode and disable Direct and Indirect lighting in the baking settings.
+ You can create a node group, I suggest to replace the Input RGB by the Input of the node and to allow to change the amount of blood. The Blood color and the factor of the other settings aren't necessary.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/hdLUj.png)
* You can add a slider to switch between a version with no lighting information (PBR) and with the lighting. For that add a mix node between the Top Lighting node and the Curvature, in the first slot plug the Top Lighting in the second plug the first gamma node for the color. You can then add the setting in your node group.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/taY4y.png)
The PBR version looks like this, you will need to bake your AO map separately:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/iVYly.png) | **Single Node way with Cycles!**
Assume you have a model with some texture and properly UV unwrapped
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/WqAoA.png)
Just create New Image with desired dimensions and select it in node editor
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/rO50l.png)
Set Cycles Sampling Render to ONE (1)
Select Diffuse Bake Type and uncheck Direct with Indirect leave only Сolor
And press Bake
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/HBPui.png)
Don't forget to save or pack result diffuse color texture. |
132,457 | How can I create a diffuse texture for my rendered models or game assets ? If possible with a single node setup and no compositing needed. | 2019/02/21 | [
"https://blender.stackexchange.com/questions/132457",
"https://blender.stackexchange.com",
"https://blender.stackexchange.com/users/23134/"
] | * [**Download the node setup**](https://www.youtube.com/redirect?redir_token=xXDjnLE3V0dgt0TA3dAogzDwI4V8MTU1ODE2ODUzOEAxNTU4MDgyMTM4&q=https%3A%2F%2Fdrive.google.com%2Ffile%2Fd%2F19ScjM4mWkClVhYuTHFQVPc3RHpotW2Ln%2Fview%3Fusp%3Dsharing&v=TH5CZMdrASw&event=video_description)
* [**Generate an Asset automatically**](https://youtu.be/TH5CZMdrASw)
**Base color and blood color**
We start with the base color and the Sub-Surface Scattering to add blood to the model.
For the SSS, add an Input > Ambient Occlusion node, you can reduce the Samples for it to 8, you can reduce it even more if the amount of blood visible is subtle. Check Inside to invert it and Only Local. For the Distance use 0.4, it varies depending on the model, this is the size I will use with the Monkey mesh.
Connect the AO output to a Color Mix RGB and connect it to the Factor. Set Color1 to R; 0.7 GB: 0.1.
The Color2 will be the Base Color, add an Input > RGB and connect it.
Connect the Mix node to the Color1 of another Mix node set to Value. For the Color2 plug the RGB node of the base color. This will allow to have the blood with the same value of the base color, if you make the base color brighter the blood will be more visible.
Now add another Mix node for the amount of blood visible. In Color1 plug the RGB node, in Color2 plug the previous Value node. Set the Factor to 0 to have no blood by default.
Here is what our node setup looks like:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/KO3OB.png)
**Ambient Occlusion**
We then add an Ambient Occlusion node, you can enable Only Local if you want. To make it more realistic you can connect it to a mix node to add bluish shadows to fake ambient lighting, for that connect the AO output to the Factor of a Mix node. Set the Color1 to RG: 0 B: 0.1. Set the Color2 to white.
Add a Mix node and connect in the Color1 the node for the amount of blood and in Color2 the Ambient Occlusion effect. Set the node to Multiply and the Factor to 0.8.
The node setup:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/8NEuG.png)
**Vertical Gradient**
The vertical gradient will darker the bottom part of your model to focus the attention at the top of your model.
To create it add an Input > Texture Coordinate, connect the Generated output to a Converter > Separate RGB and use the Blue channel, that's all you have to do for this effect.
Connect the gradient to a multiply node, in Color1 plug the AO amount and in Color2 the Vertical gradient, set the Factor to 0.5.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/OhACe.png)
Here is the result you should get in the viewport (connect it to an Output > Material Output to see it):
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/IhBB7.png)
**Top Lighting**
For the fake top lighting effect add an Input > Texture Coordinate (or use the previous node), connect the Normal output to a Converter > Separate RGB, connect the Blue channel in the first Input of a Mix node set to Screen mode, for the second Input keep the grey color (RGB: 0.5), we do that to avoid to have completely dark areas. Then connect it again to a screen node in the first Input with the RGB 0.5 grey in the second color to make the image a bit brighter. Connect the vertical gradient and top lighting to a Soft Light node and set it to 0.8.
Here is the node setup:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/WrrWD.png)
And the current result:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/wlnKf.png)
For now it is too bright but we will correct the gamma later.
**Curvature**
The curvature will add an hand painted effect to your texture.
Add an Input > Geometry and connect the Pointiness output to a Converter > ColorRamp. Move the left cursor at 0.45 and the right at 0.55. Connect the fake lighting and curvature on an Overlay node and set it to 1.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/cdwKT.png)
**Gamma Correction**
The texture is too bright, by default Blender works in sRGB, it brighten everything, this was ideal for older screens. We need to fix this to have the middle grey displayed with half the luminosity.
For that set the RGB node used for the base color to a value of 0.5 in HSV mode or type this Hexadecimal code: **7F7F7F**.
The base grey color is now in Linear instead of sRGB, but in order to make it blend correctly with the other effects we need to add a node to set it to sRGB temporarly, for that add a Converter > Gamma, in Color connect the SSS node and in Gamma connect a Converter Math in Divide mode with Value 1: 0.5, Value 2: 2.2.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/stvv2.png)
After the last node add a Converter > Gamma and set it to 2.2:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/KUdkR.png)
Here is the final result with the gamma corrected:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/oRlHn.png)
Here is the result I can get by changing the color and adding a bit of SSS:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/SCPPr.png)
**Notes**
* You can now tweak the different factor if you want to add more curvature, more lighting effect, etc. Change the amount of blood on organic models and the Inverted AO distance.
+ To make the Vertical Gradient and Top Lighting effect work correctly, apply the rotation with Ctrl + A.
+ You can now directly bake your game texture in Emit mode. If you connect it to the base color input of a shader you must bake in Diffuse mode and disable Direct and Indirect lighting in the baking settings.
+ You can create a node group, I suggest to replace the Input RGB by the Input of the node and to allow to change the amount of blood. The Blood color and the factor of the other settings aren't necessary.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/hdLUj.png)
* You can add a slider to switch between a version with no lighting information (PBR) and with the lighting. For that add a mix node between the Top Lighting node and the Curvature, in the first slot plug the Top Lighting in the second plug the first gamma node for the color. You can then add the setting in your node group.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/taY4y.png)
The PBR version looks like this, you will need to bake your AO map separately:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/iVYly.png) | You can use a diffuse shader to give you a single node setup of a simple diffuse. You also can use a principled shader which is default in 2.8 to give you a diffuse appearance. You just have to turn all the values to zero except diffuse to give you a pure diffuse shader. |
102,400 | Is there a web browser out there that is more suited for paranoid people? Why would you choose it/ What feature would your ideal paranoia browser have? For instance i would want one which Sends NO User-Agent information to the website. | 2010/01/29 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/102400",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/17086/"
] | After following the above steps, it's worth popping over to <http://panopticlick.eff.org/> . This page will tell you how unique your browser fingerprint is. (i.e. how easily it can be proved to be the browser you're using)
Yo give you an idea how scary this is, even in incognito mode, my browser fingerprint is totally identifiable from nearly 1/4 of a million other browsers. | How about Chrome's Incognito mode?
Might not be quite paranoid enough for you though ;-) |
102,400 | Is there a web browser out there that is more suited for paranoid people? Why would you choose it/ What feature would your ideal paranoia browser have? For instance i would want one which Sends NO User-Agent information to the website. | 2010/01/29 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/102400",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/17086/"
] | Try [The Paranoid Kit](https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/collection/paranoia) extension collection for Firefox.
Also [Privoxy](http://privoxy.org) is a proxy server that strips any personal information from requests no matter what browser do you use. It is used in Tor by default, too. | It is possible to disable/mask the the user agent in pretty much any browser (if that's your main concern).
Use a web proxy where applicable (e.g. Tor/Privoxy).
Other than that, run your web browser inside a sandbox (e.g. **[Sandboxie](http://www.sandboxie.com/)**, preferably with a RAM disk as container) for ultimate privacy, this will leave NO browsing traces on your system when you turn it off. Not even the most sophisticated computer forensic tools will be able to recover any traces as nothing will be written to a physical disk. |
102,400 | Is there a web browser out there that is more suited for paranoid people? Why would you choose it/ What feature would your ideal paranoia browser have? For instance i would want one which Sends NO User-Agent information to the website. | 2010/01/29 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/102400",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/17086/"
] | You can try [JonDoFox](http://anonymous-proxy-servers.net/en/jondofox.html).
JonDoFox is a profile for the Mozilla Firefox web browser particularly optimized for anonymous and secure web surfing.
Combined with [JonDo](http://anonymous-proxy-servers.net/en/jondo.html) it is very powerful and secure. | How about Chrome's Incognito mode?
Might not be quite paranoid enough for you though ;-) |
102,400 | Is there a web browser out there that is more suited for paranoid people? Why would you choose it/ What feature would your ideal paranoia browser have? For instance i would want one which Sends NO User-Agent information to the website. | 2010/01/29 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/102400",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/17086/"
] | The simple answer is that it depends what you are doing. The more reason you have to hide, the more reason other people have to find you.
As a general rule, Tor and the Tor browser are probably the best for protecting your privacy, but don't assume that makes you immune from the law. If you're doing strongly objectionable things on the Internet you'll find yourself at the wrong end of some billion-dollar US departments with UAVs. | How about Chrome's Incognito mode?
Might not be quite paranoid enough for you though ;-) |
102,400 | Is there a web browser out there that is more suited for paranoid people? Why would you choose it/ What feature would your ideal paranoia browser have? For instance i would want one which Sends NO User-Agent information to the website. | 2010/01/29 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/102400",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/17086/"
] | It is possible to disable/mask the the user agent in pretty much any browser (if that's your main concern).
Use a web proxy where applicable (e.g. Tor/Privoxy).
Other than that, run your web browser inside a sandbox (e.g. **[Sandboxie](http://www.sandboxie.com/)**, preferably with a RAM disk as container) for ultimate privacy, this will leave NO browsing traces on your system when you turn it off. Not even the most sophisticated computer forensic tools will be able to recover any traces as nothing will be written to a physical disk. | How about Chrome's Incognito mode?
Might not be quite paranoid enough for you though ;-) |
102,400 | Is there a web browser out there that is more suited for paranoid people? Why would you choose it/ What feature would your ideal paranoia browser have? For instance i would want one which Sends NO User-Agent information to the website. | 2010/01/29 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/102400",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/17086/"
] | After following the above steps, it's worth popping over to <http://panopticlick.eff.org/> . This page will tell you how unique your browser fingerprint is. (i.e. how easily it can be proved to be the browser you're using)
Yo give you an idea how scary this is, even in incognito mode, my browser fingerprint is totally identifiable from nearly 1/4 of a million other browsers. | The simple answer is that it depends what you are doing. The more reason you have to hide, the more reason other people have to find you.
As a general rule, Tor and the Tor browser are probably the best for protecting your privacy, but don't assume that makes you immune from the law. If you're doing strongly objectionable things on the Internet you'll find yourself at the wrong end of some billion-dollar US departments with UAVs. |
102,400 | Is there a web browser out there that is more suited for paranoid people? Why would you choose it/ What feature would your ideal paranoia browser have? For instance i would want one which Sends NO User-Agent information to the website. | 2010/01/29 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/102400",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/17086/"
] | Try [The Paranoid Kit](https://addons.mozilla.org/en-US/firefox/collection/paranoia) extension collection for Firefox.
Also [Privoxy](http://privoxy.org) is a proxy server that strips any personal information from requests no matter what browser do you use. It is used in Tor by default, too. | The simple answer is that it depends what you are doing. The more reason you have to hide, the more reason other people have to find you.
As a general rule, Tor and the Tor browser are probably the best for protecting your privacy, but don't assume that makes you immune from the law. If you're doing strongly objectionable things on the Internet you'll find yourself at the wrong end of some billion-dollar US departments with UAVs. |
102,400 | Is there a web browser out there that is more suited for paranoid people? Why would you choose it/ What feature would your ideal paranoia browser have? For instance i would want one which Sends NO User-Agent information to the website. | 2010/01/29 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/102400",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/17086/"
] | I know that was not exactly the question, but if you're *really* paranoid about that, go get a Live-CD like [Knoppix](http://www.knopper.net/knoppix/), [Kanotix](http://www.kanotix.com/), [DSL](http://www.damnsmalllinux.org/) or the [Ubuntu](http://www.ubuntu.com/getubuntu/download) one. This will not even leave traces on the computer that there was an operating system. ;) | You can try [JonDoFox](http://anonymous-proxy-servers.net/en/jondofox.html).
JonDoFox is a profile for the Mozilla Firefox web browser particularly optimized for anonymous and secure web surfing.
Combined with [JonDo](http://anonymous-proxy-servers.net/en/jondo.html) it is very powerful and secure. |
102,400 | Is there a web browser out there that is more suited for paranoid people? Why would you choose it/ What feature would your ideal paranoia browser have? For instance i would want one which Sends NO User-Agent information to the website. | 2010/01/29 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/102400",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/17086/"
] | After following the above steps, it's worth popping over to <http://panopticlick.eff.org/> . This page will tell you how unique your browser fingerprint is. (i.e. how easily it can be proved to be the browser you're using)
Yo give you an idea how scary this is, even in incognito mode, my browser fingerprint is totally identifiable from nearly 1/4 of a million other browsers. | I know that was not exactly the question, but if you're *really* paranoid about that, go get a Live-CD like [Knoppix](http://www.knopper.net/knoppix/), [Kanotix](http://www.kanotix.com/), [DSL](http://www.damnsmalllinux.org/) or the [Ubuntu](http://www.ubuntu.com/getubuntu/download) one. This will not even leave traces on the computer that there was an operating system. ;) |
102,400 | Is there a web browser out there that is more suited for paranoid people? Why would you choose it/ What feature would your ideal paranoia browser have? For instance i would want one which Sends NO User-Agent information to the website. | 2010/01/29 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/102400",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/17086/"
] | It is possible to disable/mask the the user agent in pretty much any browser (if that's your main concern).
Use a web proxy where applicable (e.g. Tor/Privoxy).
Other than that, run your web browser inside a sandbox (e.g. **[Sandboxie](http://www.sandboxie.com/)**, preferably with a RAM disk as container) for ultimate privacy, this will leave NO browsing traces on your system when you turn it off. Not even the most sophisticated computer forensic tools will be able to recover any traces as nothing will be written to a physical disk. | You can try [JonDoFox](http://anonymous-proxy-servers.net/en/jondofox.html).
JonDoFox is a profile for the Mozilla Firefox web browser particularly optimized for anonymous and secure web surfing.
Combined with [JonDo](http://anonymous-proxy-servers.net/en/jondo.html) it is very powerful and secure. |
48,084 | I was looking for a synonym of *spontaneous*, and *voluntary* naturally came to my mind. In an attempt to understand the difference between them, I tried to google *spontaneous vs voluntary*. To my surprise, nothing really interesting popped up from search results.
Then I decided to look them up respectively. As expected, *voluntary* is listed as a synonym of *spontaneous* according to many online resources, and vice versa. However, to my great shock, *involuntary* is also listed as a synonym of *spontaneous* by major online dictionaries.
Although the fact does not necessarily imply *voluntary* and *involuntary* are synonyms, I continued to look further into *voluntary vs involuntary* due to confusion.
I found that a *voluntary* action is something that is done voluntarily or with meaning to do so, while an *involuntary* action on the other hand is done
*automatically*.
Now I'm even more confused. The word *automatically* just reminds me of *spontaneously*, convincing me to believe *involuntary* is indeed a synonym of *spontaneous* while *voluntary* seems less so.
Could someone please justify or explain the contradictions mentioned above? I'm totally lost. | 2011/11/11 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/48084",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/13711/"
] | A *voluntary* action is one that the actor, employing free will, chooses to take.
An *involuntary* action is one that takes place out of the control of the actor, or against the actor's will.
*Spontaneous* has several related definitions. A spontaneous action can be one that the actor takes without a significant amount of forethought ("a spontaneous purchase"). In that case, the spontaneous action is voluntary.
On the other hand, *spontaneous* can also refer to something that occurs with no apparent cause ("spontaneous combustion"). By its nature, this activity rarely involves an overt "actor" per se. When it involves a living organism ("spontaneous growth", "spontaneous motion", etc.), the action is probably involuntary.
*Spontaneous* has a few other definitions as well. Generally, you'll have to discern the difference from context. When you see the word "spontaneous" used to describe an action taken by a clearly definable actor, though, the action is probably voluntary (although it might not be). | Even though voluntary is the opposite of involuntary, they do have something in common.
Consider the following meanings:
* Voluntary describes an action taken by an actor without being compelled to do so by someone else.
* Involuntary describes an action performed without the actor's will.
* Spontaneous is something that happens without intervention of something else.
All three cases involve something which does not interfere with the action.
* voluntary: EXTERNAL ENTITY **does not interfere with** ACTOR performing ACTION.
* involuntary: ACTOR **does not interfere with** ACTION
So both are spontaneous, but with a different *non-interfering* part. |
1,897 | It can be a chore to figure out what is going on in code when all the variables/methods/function/etc. are in another language, like in [this question](https://codereview.stackexchange.com/q/51213/18427). Or [this one.](https://codereview.stackexchange.com/q/43290)
How should we approach this? I don't see an easy way for the OP to translate their entire code to English so that we can read/review the code.
Is this something that we should just have to deal with, or is this something that is relevant in a review of the code? | 2014/05/20 | [
"https://codereview.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/1897",
"https://codereview.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://codereview.meta.stackexchange.com/users/18427/"
] | As much as it is disappointing, and discriminatory, etc.... StackExchange has a broadly applied Primarily-English slant:
>
> Since this came up on meta, here’s our official policy towards
> non-English questions on Stack Overflow, Server Fault, and Super User.
>
>
> (note that I say “programming” below, but this policy is the same
> across all the sites — when reading, you should substitute the actual
> topic of the site you use, e.g. “sysadmin topics” for Server Fault,
> etc.)
>
>
> It is not, nor has it ever been, our goal to be the one place in the
> world for all programming information in every possible human
> language.
>
>
> Thus:
>
>
> * Direct programmers to native language resources. Users who post non-English
> questions should be gently directed to programming forums
> in their own language. Community should form around the gravity of
> native human languages. (see: Chinatown, Little Italy, etc.) Feel free
> to post links to appropriate human language-specific resources.
> * It is not our goal to teach English. It is our goal to teach programming.
> If the post has salvageable English and makes some
> modicum of sense, it should be edited and improved just like any other
> post. If it does not, it should be closed.
> * The asker has to put effort into the question. Barging into an obviously
> English dominated forum and insisting on posting a question
> in another language is no different than the “do my work for me” sort
> of programming questions — the worst possible sin on Stack Overflow in
> my humble opinion. You want us to give you answers? Then prove that
> you’ve put some effort into the question, and you can begin by
> politely asking it in the language this community is formed around.
>
>
> Now, if askers *try* to use English and put in “sorry, my English isn’t
> very good”, that’s fine. Heck, a lot of native English speakers aren’t
> very good at it, either! The reason we have collaborative editing is
> to learn and improve together. This is totally fine and even
> encouraged. (Please do try to make sense, as our users are often
> brilliant, but not telepathic as far as I know.)
>
>
> But the idea that we should be forced to accommodate random human
> languages in our community is completely unsustainible. Now if you
> want to form an any-human-language-goes community like that, be my
> guest. I fully support your effort and we’ll be more than happy to
> direct any non-English questions your way.
>
>
>
* <http://blog.stackoverflow.com/2009/07/non-english-question-policy/>
* <https://meta.stackexchange.com/a/13684/241497> | Limiting Code Review to English-fluent users reduces diversity and hurts the site, in my opinion. As long as the English in the question is clear enough, it's fine.
Deal with it just like any other question. If the foreign-language comments or identifiers bother you, you can
* mention it as a problem in your review
* ignore them, and just review the "real" code
* ask for clarification.
Personally, foreign words don't bother me as long as the usage is consistent, and the code is reasonably understandable. Examples from my own history of answers:
* [What do you think about my questionnaire?](https://codereview.stackexchange.com/a/32436/9357)
* [Finding repeating numbers in an array](https://codereview.stackexchange.com/a/30149/9357) |
9,696,145 | Can OCR detection be done in iphone? If so can anyone provide me links which help me in developing OCR recognition in iphone?
Thanks
Rakesh | 2012/03/14 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/9696145",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1042822/"
] | Try working out TesserAct api.its working very well. i have Send you a demo Application Link Below.
Sample Code Of the OCR .
<http://github.com/nolanbrown/Tesseract-iPhone-Demo>
Thanks
Parag | The Nolan Brown project which parag mentioned uses an earlier version of tesseract(I guess 2.04) and also incorporating it in your project is not easy as it might seem.
My advise is to use [3.0 version](http://code.google.com/p/tesseract-ocr/downloads/list) of tesseract and it also requires the [leptonica](http://www.leptonica.com/) library. [Here](http://tinsuke.wordpress.com/2011/11/01/how-to-compile-and-use-tesseract-3-01-on-ios-sdk-5/) is a very good tutorial on how to include these on ios sdk 5 .... you can also look at the [release notes](http://code.google.com/p/tesseract-ocr/wiki/ReleaseNotes) of tesseract for added features in different versions ...
I personally implemented this but the results are not that great to be honest.. :/ |
10,351,582 | I have create SharePoint 2010 site collection backup through Power shell, by using the command
**Backup-SPSite "http://sitename:85" -path "C:\backup.bak" -Force**
and i am restoring this backup on same SharePoint 2010 server/same machine on different port by using the command
**Restore--SPSite "http://sitename:81" -path "C:\backup.bak" -Force**
it through this error
Restore-SPSite : Your backup is from a different version of Microsoft SharePoin
t Foundation and cannot be restored to a server running the current version. Th
e backup file should be restored to a server with version '4.0.145.0' or later.
At line:1 char:15
+ Restore-SPSite <<<< "http://sitename:81" -path "C:\backup.bak" -Force
+ CategoryInfo : InvalidData: (Microsoft.Share...dletRestoreSite:
SPCmdletRestoreSite) [Restore-SPSite], SPException
+ FullyQualifiedErrorId : Microsoft.SharePoint.PowerShell.SPCmdletRestoreS
ite
***I am amazed. i create the backup and restore on same SharePoint server, then why it is asking different version of Microsoft SharePoint Foundation.***
Any kind of help will be appreciated. | 2012/04/27 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/10351582",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/416066/"
] | I had similar issue migrating SPF2010 to different server.
Sollution: database upgrade on source server.
How: Open Sharepoint PowerShell, and type **Upgrade-SPContentDatabase** command, hit R(maybe Y) when promt.
Cheers | It appears that you applied SP1 to your SharePoint server. *Service Packs and Community Updates (CUs) may alter database schemes and backups made before applying such update may be unusable.* Microsoft mentions this at the description of [Restore-SPSite](http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff607788.aspx). See [Restore pre-SP1 backups to an SP1 farm (SharePoint Foundation 2010)](http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hh344827.aspx) and/or [Restore pre-SP1 backups to an SP1 farm (SharePoint Server 2010)](http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hh344831.aspx). The scope of your backup was a site collection which means that you would have to install a pre-SP1 SP server to be able to perform the restore there. Then you would upgrade the machine and backup the upgraded site collection. This backup would be restorable on your current server/farm. Painful, huh.
**A SharePoint backup should be restored on a SharePoint server/farm of the same version, including important updates.** Microsoft recommends doing a full farm backup after applying the SP1. I would make sure that backups are refreshed after every SP or CU.
You should not think about the backup as a long-term solution. As you see, not only it is not a cross-version archive but it may not survive even a service pack for the same version. SP Backup is a short-term safety like your UPS; long-term archive to retain your SP data accessible in the future is offered by other software vendors.
I run into similar trouble after applying CU 12/2011 and importing a site by [Import-SPWeb](http://technet.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ff607613.aspx). The content deployment API is also sensitive to SP version changes; it is meant to replicate content from the staging to the production environment; not to archive/restore content.
--- Ferda |
28,269,787 | I have a text field, and I made a reset button for my app. I want the reset button to set the text of the text field to `@""`, or empty string. Which function do I use?
PS I created the IBOutlet, and the textfield is called textFieldX. | 2015/02/02 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/28269787",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/4493622/"
] | Did you try textFieldX.text = @"" ? | Just use setStringValue: and pass @"" |
234,642 | >
> “If you can't explain it to a six year old, you don't understand it yourself." - Einstein
>
>
>
---
A properly worded question asking for a *generalized summary* of a broad concept, in my opinion, is a valuable question.
However, not all users here seem to share this opinion:
>
> "Why is the sky blue?"
>
>
>
*-OP*
>
> "Go do some research first and ask a more specific question newb."
>
>
>
*-Angry Commenter*
---
"Why is the sky blue?" is an exaggeration, and over-simplification of the scenario, and would be unacceptable if the subject were more broad!
However, consider:
>
> "What is Evolution?"
>
>
>
*VS*
>
> "What is a general summarization of the concept of Evolution?"
>
>
>
While the first question is asking for the meaning of Evolution, which is *completely* unanswerable in this format, the second one asks for the general summary of the concept, which requires *only a short paragraph*.
In this way, SE can offer a valuable summary of a very large concept in a simple way, allowing people to use that information and decide whether or not they wish to spend more time studying the topic.
---
What do you think?
**Is a question that specifically asks for a summary of a broad topic *a good fit for and valuable to* Stack Exchange?** | 2014/06/26 | [
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/234642",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/users/305457/"
] | First off note that different Stack Exchange sites have differing levels of expectation of the people asking and answering the questions. Gaming (for example) may be perfectly content with what some would consider 'basic' questions while Theoretical Computer Science and MathOverflow strive to keep their questions at a level of research level in their respective fields.
This question in particular appears to be inspired in part by two recent questions on Programers.SE:
[Summarized explanation of Scrum?](https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/246184/summarized-explanation-of-scrum)
>
> I've noticed this word used ( Scrum ) which I think refers to a project management practice.
>
>
> What is a very general explanation of Scrum?
>
>
>
[In relation to programming project management, what scenario does “waterfall” refer to?](https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/246185/in-relation-to-programming-project-management-what-scenario-does-waterfall-re)
>
> I noticed the term "waterfall" referencing a practice that would be unacceptable, in a question recently.
>
>
> What scenario does the term "waterfall" generally refer to in a programming project?
>
>
>
Programers.SE generally has the approach that you should at least have done a search on google and possibly read the corresponding Wikipedia page. This is especially true of questions that are likely to be broad. The [scrum](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scrum_(software_development)) Wikipedia page is 43k and [waterfall](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waterfall_model) is 18k.
The biggest issue with asking such broad questions that are 'condense this other text that I don't want to read into a few paragraphs' is that, for the most part its lazy. Its asking someone else to try to fit a huge body of knowledge into a text box where there are *pages* of material out there that covers this.
Furthermore, this type of question doesn't actually draw upon the expert knowledge and experience of a Programmer (and if you asked it in [pm.se](http://pm.stackexchange.com) they'd glower at you and try to find a dup to close it of).
The type of work that is being asked is the same as a high school writing composition teacher asking you do a report on something you don't already know. Read the sources, and write an essay on it. There is no expert knowledge or experience coming into play there.
Thus, these questions are either closed or in the process being closed.
While I acknowledge it that's my own work, I'd strongly suggest reading the guidance in meta.programmers.SE: [Why is research important?](https://softwareengineering.meta.stackexchange.com/a/6560/40980) - we don't want to repeat what you already know, nor answer at the wrong level for the reader... and if you really don't know, explain what is confusing you. | I've noticed something about questions like what you propose above, and I'll let folks here vote their opinion of whether they agree.
It seems to me, anytime I see a question that requires qualification on how it should be answered just to ensure it get's quality answers, it's not a good question in either the qualified or unqualified form.
Your example there is precisely that:
>
>
> >
> > "What is Evolution?"
> >
> >
> >
>
>
> VS
>
>
>
> >
> > "What is a general summarization of the concept of Evolution?"
> >
> >
> >
>
>
>
You're qualifying in the second one that you want answerers to just *summarize*, not actually tell what it is as the first question. The thing is you can't really give directions to answerers (in many SE sites, some are oddballs and really- it's hard to qualify *any* guidance across the whole network), because it simply doesn't work.
Partially because answerers will answer as they see fit, and partially because the questioner doesn't tend to have the knowledge on the topic to qualify things rationally. In the above example for instance, the questioner may put the qualifier of "answerers must only write a summary" which doesn't rightly make sense on the topic- it's vast and to summarize it would really just result in..well, the wikipedia page on evolution.
At the end of the day though, I've learned to identify questions that have "answerers must <X>" as a means of getting around quality restrictions, to be a red herring. In the vast majority of these cases I look at the question without qualifications and find it's simply not a good question for the site it's on, if it was, it wouldn't have needed those qualifications. I've learned this from experientially watching these questions generate terribly answers- or no answers as the qualification makes it unanswerable, i.e.
>
> What is objectively the best book for <X>
>
>
>
Objectively the best? Unanswerable. So people who *do* answer, do so without the qualification, and voila: Subjective answers. Bleh.
Granted this is site specific and really guidance as above is to be interpreted based on the community of each site independently. Many may find it's totally ill fitting for the sites they're used to. Just thought I'd share this little pattern-match I've learned to recognize as some could find it useful for their site's community. It's how I would perceive questions asking for "summary"-> **It's just trying to shortcut the quality guidelines, and the answers won't be any better quality for the second question you iterate than the first.** |
234,642 | >
> “If you can't explain it to a six year old, you don't understand it yourself." - Einstein
>
>
>
---
A properly worded question asking for a *generalized summary* of a broad concept, in my opinion, is a valuable question.
However, not all users here seem to share this opinion:
>
> "Why is the sky blue?"
>
>
>
*-OP*
>
> "Go do some research first and ask a more specific question newb."
>
>
>
*-Angry Commenter*
---
"Why is the sky blue?" is an exaggeration, and over-simplification of the scenario, and would be unacceptable if the subject were more broad!
However, consider:
>
> "What is Evolution?"
>
>
>
*VS*
>
> "What is a general summarization of the concept of Evolution?"
>
>
>
While the first question is asking for the meaning of Evolution, which is *completely* unanswerable in this format, the second one asks for the general summary of the concept, which requires *only a short paragraph*.
In this way, SE can offer a valuable summary of a very large concept in a simple way, allowing people to use that information and decide whether or not they wish to spend more time studying the topic.
---
What do you think?
**Is a question that specifically asks for a summary of a broad topic *a good fit for and valuable to* Stack Exchange?** | 2014/06/26 | [
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/234642",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/users/305457/"
] | As a rule, such questions would be *actively harmful* for Stack Exchange, because content provided in these would be inferior in comparison to similar [Wikipedia](https://meta.stackexchange.com/a/70656/165773) articles.
Summaries of broad topics are specialty of Wikipedia, which is focused and optimized on providing this content and fostering a culture oriented on it. People willing, best capable of and experienced in providing such summaries go to Wikipedia, not to Stack Exchange.
Now think of how "broad topic summary" SE question would look from web search perspective. People looking for this in search engine would be typically presented two directly competing content examples, one at SE network, another at Wikipedia (both sites tend to rank high in web searches).
Due to reasons mentioned above, it is most likely that SE content would look inferior in comparison, making visitors think it generally sucks. This is exactly opposite of how we would want site be presented at search engines, isn't it.
Stack Exchange Q&A model has been optimized to only cover topics where Wikipedia falls short (["long tail"](https://blog.stackoverflow.com/2011/01/the-wikipedia-of-long-tail-programming-questions/)). It is **intended to complement, not to compete** against Wikipedia.
There is certain crossover between Stack Exchange and Wikipedia, but it is rather narrow, as indicated by vanishingly small amount of successful uses of *[community wiki](https://stackoverflow.com/search?q=views%3A100000+closed%3Ano+wiki%3Ayes "example: less than 200 at Stack Overflow all time")* and *[collaborative lock](https://stackoverflow.com/search?q=views%3A100000+closed%3Ano+locked%3Ayes "example: less than 100 at Stack Overflow all time")* features here. | I've noticed something about questions like what you propose above, and I'll let folks here vote their opinion of whether they agree.
It seems to me, anytime I see a question that requires qualification on how it should be answered just to ensure it get's quality answers, it's not a good question in either the qualified or unqualified form.
Your example there is precisely that:
>
>
> >
> > "What is Evolution?"
> >
> >
> >
>
>
> VS
>
>
>
> >
> > "What is a general summarization of the concept of Evolution?"
> >
> >
> >
>
>
>
You're qualifying in the second one that you want answerers to just *summarize*, not actually tell what it is as the first question. The thing is you can't really give directions to answerers (in many SE sites, some are oddballs and really- it's hard to qualify *any* guidance across the whole network), because it simply doesn't work.
Partially because answerers will answer as they see fit, and partially because the questioner doesn't tend to have the knowledge on the topic to qualify things rationally. In the above example for instance, the questioner may put the qualifier of "answerers must only write a summary" which doesn't rightly make sense on the topic- it's vast and to summarize it would really just result in..well, the wikipedia page on evolution.
At the end of the day though, I've learned to identify questions that have "answerers must <X>" as a means of getting around quality restrictions, to be a red herring. In the vast majority of these cases I look at the question without qualifications and find it's simply not a good question for the site it's on, if it was, it wouldn't have needed those qualifications. I've learned this from experientially watching these questions generate terribly answers- or no answers as the qualification makes it unanswerable, i.e.
>
> What is objectively the best book for <X>
>
>
>
Objectively the best? Unanswerable. So people who *do* answer, do so without the qualification, and voila: Subjective answers. Bleh.
Granted this is site specific and really guidance as above is to be interpreted based on the community of each site independently. Many may find it's totally ill fitting for the sites they're used to. Just thought I'd share this little pattern-match I've learned to recognize as some could find it useful for their site's community. It's how I would perceive questions asking for "summary"-> **It's just trying to shortcut the quality guidelines, and the answers won't be any better quality for the second question you iterate than the first.** |
2,232,492 | One of the major gripes voiced by the Alt.Net community against the Microsoft Entity Framework is that it forces you to use a Base Persistable Object for everything being stored in the database. I have two questions related to this:
1. Is it acceptable to have a "Root Persistent Class" as the base for the domain objects in your application, or is this an architecture smell?
2. If you feel it is OK for you to have one within your application, is it also OK for an ORM framework to force you to use one? Are there reasons to avoid a framework that makes you do this?
I've been using an abstract base object as the root of all my peristable classes for some time. It makes several housekeeping chores much easier. | 2010/02/09 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2232492",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/19112/"
] | My feeling is that it's ok presuming the context is such that it
1. stays out of the way
2. doesn't add features that aren't used outside of the scope of the entity
3. doesn't tie you to any particular ORM (sort of in keeping with #2)
So if the base class is used to describe, for instance, an ID and the meaning of Equality (since many times entities are considered equal if they have the same ID), then that's fine. However, when it starts describing database-centric information (such as tables, columns, state of the entity, etc), then yes, I think it begins to smell. | Unless you are using Data Transfer Objects (DTO) for persistence and using that model, having a root object for persist-able classes in my experience greatly decreases code repetition and increases developer productivity. And even when using a DTO, I think it could be helpful though I rarely use DTOs so can't speak from experience.
I would not consider it code smell for the following reasons:
1. Increase in productivity of developers.
2. Consolidates persistence code in one class.
3. Easy to change to another framework that implements the same methodology (have to only change inheritance of all your business classes, and update checks of the original root class).
Edit: Inline statichippo's answer, I agree with his opinion about this base class including information about the underlying data storage mechanisms (such as table/column names, database type, etc). |
2,232,492 | One of the major gripes voiced by the Alt.Net community against the Microsoft Entity Framework is that it forces you to use a Base Persistable Object for everything being stored in the database. I have two questions related to this:
1. Is it acceptable to have a "Root Persistent Class" as the base for the domain objects in your application, or is this an architecture smell?
2. If you feel it is OK for you to have one within your application, is it also OK for an ORM framework to force you to use one? Are there reasons to avoid a framework that makes you do this?
I've been using an abstract base object as the root of all my peristable classes for some time. It makes several housekeeping chores much easier. | 2010/02/09 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2232492",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/19112/"
] | For applications with a low-to-moderate level of complexity, using a base persistable object can really increase development productivity.
However, doing so constrains your code and limits design options as your application gets more complex. Obviously, you use up your base class at the start, which is significant in C# and Java. It also promotes poor separation of concerns.
I'd say the most important thing when considering any ORM is to ask these questions (from Jeremy Miller's article [The Unit of Work Pattern and Persistence Ignorance](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/dd882510.aspx#id0420021)):
* Can the Business Logic Run Independently of the Database?
* Can I Design My Domain Model Independently from the Database Model?
* How Does My Persistence Strategy Affect My Business Logic? | Unless you are using Data Transfer Objects (DTO) for persistence and using that model, having a root object for persist-able classes in my experience greatly decreases code repetition and increases developer productivity. And even when using a DTO, I think it could be helpful though I rarely use DTOs so can't speak from experience.
I would not consider it code smell for the following reasons:
1. Increase in productivity of developers.
2. Consolidates persistence code in one class.
3. Easy to change to another framework that implements the same methodology (have to only change inheritance of all your business classes, and update checks of the original root class).
Edit: Inline statichippo's answer, I agree with his opinion about this base class including information about the underlying data storage mechanisms (such as table/column names, database type, etc). |
2,232,492 | One of the major gripes voiced by the Alt.Net community against the Microsoft Entity Framework is that it forces you to use a Base Persistable Object for everything being stored in the database. I have two questions related to this:
1. Is it acceptable to have a "Root Persistent Class" as the base for the domain objects in your application, or is this an architecture smell?
2. If you feel it is OK for you to have one within your application, is it also OK for an ORM framework to force you to use one? Are there reasons to avoid a framework that makes you do this?
I've been using an abstract base object as the root of all my peristable classes for some time. It makes several housekeeping chores much easier. | 2010/02/09 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/2232492",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/19112/"
] | My feeling is that it's ok presuming the context is such that it
1. stays out of the way
2. doesn't add features that aren't used outside of the scope of the entity
3. doesn't tie you to any particular ORM (sort of in keeping with #2)
So if the base class is used to describe, for instance, an ID and the meaning of Equality (since many times entities are considered equal if they have the same ID), then that's fine. However, when it starts describing database-centric information (such as tables, columns, state of the entity, etc), then yes, I think it begins to smell. | For applications with a low-to-moderate level of complexity, using a base persistable object can really increase development productivity.
However, doing so constrains your code and limits design options as your application gets more complex. Obviously, you use up your base class at the start, which is significant in C# and Java. It also promotes poor separation of concerns.
I'd say the most important thing when considering any ORM is to ask these questions (from Jeremy Miller's article [The Unit of Work Pattern and Persistence Ignorance](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/magazine/dd882510.aspx#id0420021)):
* Can the Business Logic Run Independently of the Database?
* Can I Design My Domain Model Independently from the Database Model?
* How Does My Persistence Strategy Affect My Business Logic? |
33,798 | I've ordered a [Pathfinder Beginner Box](http://paizo.com/pathfinderRPG/products/beginnerbox). It contains a "Flip-mat" battlemat, which can supposedly work with markers. But what kind of marker should I use? Are they included in the box? If not, should I use a regular pencil or a special marker? Is it expensive?
Please be as precise as possible, I don't want to ruin it because I'll share it with my group. | 2014/02/18 | [
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/questions/33798",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/users/10904/"
] | If it is the style of battle map found [here](http://paizo.com/products/btpy8oto?GameMastery-FlipMat-Basic) then the markers I see used most often(and with best results), are wet erase style. However the website does list as any marker being usable.
Looking at the beginner box page, it seems like it uses the above battle map, but since I don't actually own it, I can't say 100% | Paizo claims even permanent markers (Sharpie) will come off if you draw over it with a dry-erase marker first.
<http://paizo.com/threads/rzs2hgqy?FlipMat-Issues>
I don't think I'd try permanent marker, but wet-erase and dry-erase are both proven options (according to Paizo reviews/threads).
Dry-erase can stain proper dry-erase boards when left long enough, and I've seen them leave permanent lines on laminated calendars when left for a month. The Flip-Mats are laminated paper, so wet-erase seems your best bet if you're concerned with permanent marks and you may not clean the mat right away. |
33,798 | I've ordered a [Pathfinder Beginner Box](http://paizo.com/pathfinderRPG/products/beginnerbox). It contains a "Flip-mat" battlemat, which can supposedly work with markers. But what kind of marker should I use? Are they included in the box? If not, should I use a regular pencil or a special marker? Is it expensive?
Please be as precise as possible, I don't want to ruin it because I'll share it with my group. | 2014/02/18 | [
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/questions/33798",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/users/10904/"
] | If it is the style of battle map found [here](http://paizo.com/products/btpy8oto?GameMastery-FlipMat-Basic) then the markers I see used most often(and with best results), are wet erase style. However the website does list as any marker being usable.
Looking at the beginner box page, it seems like it uses the above battle map, but since I don't actually own it, I can't say 100% | Personal experience answer here (I own the beginner box). The flip mat in mine is a semi-rigid glossy cardstock like material.
I use dry erase markers on mine. It wipes off easily.
I have also used permanent marker. The permanent market came off easily after writing over it with a dry erase marker. |
33,798 | I've ordered a [Pathfinder Beginner Box](http://paizo.com/pathfinderRPG/products/beginnerbox). It contains a "Flip-mat" battlemat, which can supposedly work with markers. But what kind of marker should I use? Are they included in the box? If not, should I use a regular pencil or a special marker? Is it expensive?
Please be as precise as possible, I don't want to ruin it because I'll share it with my group. | 2014/02/18 | [
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/questions/33798",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com",
"https://rpg.stackexchange.com/users/10904/"
] | Paizo claims even permanent markers (Sharpie) will come off if you draw over it with a dry-erase marker first.
<http://paizo.com/threads/rzs2hgqy?FlipMat-Issues>
I don't think I'd try permanent marker, but wet-erase and dry-erase are both proven options (according to Paizo reviews/threads).
Dry-erase can stain proper dry-erase boards when left long enough, and I've seen them leave permanent lines on laminated calendars when left for a month. The Flip-Mats are laminated paper, so wet-erase seems your best bet if you're concerned with permanent marks and you may not clean the mat right away. | Personal experience answer here (I own the beginner box). The flip mat in mine is a semi-rigid glossy cardstock like material.
I use dry erase markers on mine. It wipes off easily.
I have also used permanent marker. The permanent market came off easily after writing over it with a dry erase marker. |
247,076 | I am working on creating a circuit that will scale +/- 12v input to a unipolar 3.3v centered around 1.65v, in order to scale the kind of CV used in modular synthesis systems to work with the ADCs on the STM32F4 microcontroller, which want to see a 0-3.3v input.
I am encountering problems with noise, specifically a strange oscillation around 8.6 MHz. I have tried adding filtering capacitors, which helps somewhat, but does not completely eliminate the problem, so I think there is something wrong with my circuit.
To accomplish the scaling of voltage I put the input through a 16k/100k voltage divider to scale the input to +/- 1.65v, which is sent into a buffer. I then add a 1.65v bias and send it through two unity gain inverting amplifiers. I get the 1.65v bias by dividing the power supply and sending it through a buffer in the same manner that I do the input. I am using the LM324 quad op-amp, which I power off a +/- 12v supply.
Is there anything flawed in my methodology here that could be causing this unwanted noise, or a better/cleaner way I could be doing this?
Here is the schematic:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/yrRsm.jpg)
P.S. disregard where it says LT103 on the schematic, I am using the LM324, a quad op-amp | 2016/07/20 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/247076",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/107083/"
] | 
[simulate this circuit](/plugins/schematics?image=http%3a%2f%2fi.stack.imgur.com%2fjOmD2.png) – Schematic created using [CircuitLab](https://www.circuitlab.com/)
You don't need any op amps, at all - maybe a single buffer. | 
[simulate this circuit](/plugins/schematics?image=http%3a%2f%2fi.stack.imgur.com%2fUcJtG.png) – Schematic created using [CircuitLab](https://www.circuitlab.com/)
The above circuit could work for you if the input is a digital signal. The first stage converts the +12/-12V into +3.3V/0V. The second stage removes high frequency noise, set using R3/C1.
More details would be nice, to help determine the constraints.
* For example, is the input signal digital in nature? If so we can use a simpler comparator instead of linear amplifier.
* Do you care about the linearity of the output? If not, even if the input is a sine wave, we could drive the outputs rail to rail to achieve 0-3.3V.
* What is the frequency range of the inputs? Does this operate at DC voltage? Does this operate at 40kHz?
Depending on your needs this circuit could work (below is a linear-type amplifier):
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/4WEqT.png)
The first stage scales the 24V differential input voltage into a 3.3V differential voltage biased around Vb. The RC network forms a low-pass filter to help with the high frequency noise you mentioned.
The second stage is just an buffer to provide some drive current. You can replace this with inverting op-amp if you need to correct the polarity.
In practice I would probably generate the reference voltage using a trim-pot, since due to non-zero input offset voltages you may need to tweak it a little for a closer voltage range. |
247,076 | I am working on creating a circuit that will scale +/- 12v input to a unipolar 3.3v centered around 1.65v, in order to scale the kind of CV used in modular synthesis systems to work with the ADCs on the STM32F4 microcontroller, which want to see a 0-3.3v input.
I am encountering problems with noise, specifically a strange oscillation around 8.6 MHz. I have tried adding filtering capacitors, which helps somewhat, but does not completely eliminate the problem, so I think there is something wrong with my circuit.
To accomplish the scaling of voltage I put the input through a 16k/100k voltage divider to scale the input to +/- 1.65v, which is sent into a buffer. I then add a 1.65v bias and send it through two unity gain inverting amplifiers. I get the 1.65v bias by dividing the power supply and sending it through a buffer in the same manner that I do the input. I am using the LM324 quad op-amp, which I power off a +/- 12v supply.
Is there anything flawed in my methodology here that could be causing this unwanted noise, or a better/cleaner way I could be doing this?
Here is the schematic:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/yrRsm.jpg)
P.S. disregard where it says LT103 on the schematic, I am using the LM324, a quad op-amp | 2016/07/20 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/247076",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/107083/"
] | You are making this way too complicated. For reference, here is your circuit:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/TdUxK.gif)
There are a number of ways to simplify this. The two back to back inverting buffers are just silly. Why not the obvious single non-inverting buffer? Also, the first inverting buffer isn't actually unity gain. Note that the signal coming in has the impedance of R4//R6, which is 5 kΩ. With the feedback resistor being 10 kΩ, the U2 stage will have a gain of -2.
All you really need is this:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/uknpD.gif)
R1 and R2 form a voltage divider that reduces the gain of the input signal. Without V1, that would be just scaled about ground. V1 adds a offset. By separating the desired gain and desired offset, we can compute the values easily.
We actually have three degrees of freedom and so far only stated two constraints. The remaining constraint can be expressed as the input or output impedance of the divider. For now, we'll just arbitrarily pick 10 kΩ for R1 to nail down the third degree of freedom. Later you can scale all resistors by the same amount to adjust the impedances.
The input signal has a range of 24 V and the output has a range of 3.3 V. Therefore from the gain alone we know that the R1,R2 voltage divider must have a gain of (3.3 V)/(24 V) = 0.138. With R1 = 10 kΩ, R2 must be 1.59 kΩ.
Now we only have a single constraint left and a single value to find, which is the voltage of V1. One way to solve this is to pick any one operating point and find what V1 must be. I'll pick 0 V in, which we know must result in (3.3 V)/2 = 1.65 V. So now we have a voltage divider with the top being at 0 V, the resistors being 10 kΩ and 1.59 kΩ, the output being 1.65 V, and we need to find the bottom voltage. From basic voltage divider math, V1 is 1.91 V.
So we now have:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/FUhUv.gif)
At this point it is a good idea to do a check to make sure we didn't mess up anything. You could, for example, put 12 V in and verify that you get 3.3 V out. I've done that and it checks, but I'll leave this is a exercise for you to do on your own.
This circuit will work nicely, but requiring a 1.91 V source is a bit inconvenient. Note that from the rest of the circuit's point of view V1 and R2 form a Thevenin source with a voltage of 1.91 V and a impedance of 1.59 kΩ. We can create exactly the same Thevenin source from your existing 12 V supply:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/ZxL3P.gif)
We have two constraints. The R3,R4 voltage divider by itself must produce 1.91 V:
(12 V) R4 / (R3 + R4) = 1.91 V
And the parallel combination of R3 and R4 must be 1.59 kΩ:
(R3 \* R4)/(R3 + R4) = 1.59 kΩ
I'll skip the 8th grade arithmetic, but that comes out to R3 = 10.0 kΩ and R4 = 1.90 kΩ. So here is the final circuit:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/cx9xj.gif)
Yes, it really is that easy.
Note that the input impedance is R1 + R3//R4 = 11.6 kΩ, and the output impedance is R1//R3//R4 = 1.38 kΩ. If those are acceptable, then you need to do nothing more. All the resistors can be scaled by the same amount to change these impedances.
If the input impedance is still too low at the maximum signal impedance your A/D needs, then you can use a single unity gain buffer following this resistor network. In that case, scale the resistors to get the desired input impedance. The output impedance will be that of the unity gain buffer, and independent of the resistors.
So at most, your circuit looks like the three resistors above followed by a unity gain buffer.
Again, yes it really is this simple. | 
[simulate this circuit](/plugins/schematics?image=http%3a%2f%2fi.stack.imgur.com%2fUcJtG.png) – Schematic created using [CircuitLab](https://www.circuitlab.com/)
The above circuit could work for you if the input is a digital signal. The first stage converts the +12/-12V into +3.3V/0V. The second stage removes high frequency noise, set using R3/C1.
More details would be nice, to help determine the constraints.
* For example, is the input signal digital in nature? If so we can use a simpler comparator instead of linear amplifier.
* Do you care about the linearity of the output? If not, even if the input is a sine wave, we could drive the outputs rail to rail to achieve 0-3.3V.
* What is the frequency range of the inputs? Does this operate at DC voltage? Does this operate at 40kHz?
Depending on your needs this circuit could work (below is a linear-type amplifier):
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/4WEqT.png)
The first stage scales the 24V differential input voltage into a 3.3V differential voltage biased around Vb. The RC network forms a low-pass filter to help with the high frequency noise you mentioned.
The second stage is just an buffer to provide some drive current. You can replace this with inverting op-amp if you need to correct the polarity.
In practice I would probably generate the reference voltage using a trim-pot, since due to non-zero input offset voltages you may need to tweak it a little for a closer voltage range. |
12,759,835 | I have to build a Minesweeper solver, but don't really know where to start. The problem is, I have to utilize some metaheuristic algorithm, like ant colony optimization, simulated annealing, genetic programming etc. I have found some related materials on the Internet, but I'm not really sure which of them are useful and which are not, since nothing is a "perfect fit". It looks like I'll have to adjust some metaheuristic algorithm on my own, without following some article written by people who have done it before. That's why I want to know all the things I need to know before I start.
1. How do I formulate my problem to make it suitable for using metaheuristics to solve it? I know it's basically a CSP (constraint satisfaction problem) but don't know how to use that knowledge to find a suitable algorithm for solving it.
2. Which metaheuristics would be suitable for solving my problem (and why)?
3. Are there any things specific to my problem that I should be aware of? | 2012/10/06 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/12759835",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1448655/"
] | "ant colony optimization, simulated annealing, genetic programming" ... big words, but I am not sure how you would use any of them!
I suggest having two solvers:
1. Perfect solver: Where there is a perfect answer without any doubt and solving it.
2. Imperfect solver: Where there is doubt and you would like to find the least harmful solution.
Apply the perfect solver first, and if it fails, apply the imperfect solver.
Perfect solver needs to find all the combinatorial possibilities and checking out which of them work. In reality it is not that difficult, since you would be considering 1-5 tiles at once (as a human solver I restrict myself to that many tiles usually), there are only at most 32 combinations which is easy to check.
For imperfect solver, you can consider all the combinations, find out valid combinations, calculate probability of mine at different locations using the valid combinations and pick the one with least mine probability.
Come to think of it these two approaches are the same! In perfect solver you would be choosing the tile with 0 mine probability. So, to summarize:
1. Pick 1-10 unmarked tiles that are contiguous or connected by at most one gap, and each one of them are connected to at least one revealed non-mine location.
2. Find all the valid combinations
3. If the probability of mine is 0 at any location, choose that option immediately.
4. Or, keep track of location with minimum mine probability.
5. Go to step 1
Step 1 is not as bad as it sounds, because there can be only a few combinations that satisfy both the conditions (contiguous and adjacent to a solved non-mine location). | Metaheuristics might not the best algorithm for Minesweeper - at least not for the easy parts.
Instead, a simple rule engine with inference could probably already tag many of the bombs and reveal the free spots. The inference is needed to reason further once a bomb has been tagged, with that information. For inspiration, see drools's [conway's game of life](http://docs.jboss.org/drools/release/5.5.0.Beta1/drools-expert-docs/html_single/index.html#d0e11249) example. |
30,252,950 | I would like to know, how the complexity of a rule based application can be measured?
Is there a standard way defined by IBM ?
or something with Function Point to measure the complexity of a software based application
Complexity can always be based on some parameters like the 1) Parameters being passed / 2) Number of Rules present / 3) database look ups / 4) Network Latency / 5)Ruleset Parsing Time / 6) Ruleset Execution Time / 7) Application Design / 8) Execution Unit Configuration / 9) Configure the XOM / 10) Asynchronous Ruleset Parsing / 11) Connection Pool Size / 12) RES Server Configuration / 13) XU Configuration / 14) Reduce Trace in Server Logs
Can someone please help me understand the standard way IBM does recommend it or is it decided by the application architect ?
Any and all Inputs are much appreciated... Thanks in advance. | 2015/05/15 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/30252950",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/495444/"
] | There is no defined way of measuring the 'complexity' of an ODM application. However, you should make sure you use the correct topology for your needs (see the [Deployment Architecture](http://www-01.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/SSQP76_8.7.0/com.ibm.odm.dserver.rules.deploying/topics/tpc_ds_managing_env.html?lang=en) ODM documentation), and the appropriate design decisions for your performance requirements (See the ODM documentation at [Overview: What affects the performance of a Decision Server application](http://www-01.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/SSQP76_8.7.0/com.ibm.odm.dserver.rules.designer.run/optimizing_topics/tpc_opt_perfscalability.html?lang=en) and [Improving the performance of Rule Execution Server](http://www-01.ibm.com/support/knowledgecenter/SSQP76_8.7.0/com.ibm.odm.dserver.rules.res.managing/topics/tpc_res_performance.html).)
There is also the [Improve performance for IBM ODM series](http://www.ibm.com/developerworks/views/bpm/libraryview.jsp?search_by=Improve%20performance%20for%20IBM%20Operational%20Decision%20Manager) on developerWorks, which discusses in detail the possible configurations and their impact on performance, including the parameters you mentioned. dW Answers also has a few entries on ODM performance listed in [Improve performance of ODM modules](https://developer.ibm.com/answers/questions/174010/improve-performance-of-odm-modules.html). | For me there are 3 key factors:
* Integrations with other applications (SOA approach for ws -ESB, BPM, .net, etc)
* Programming level, if you need to use a lot of functions for the rules (fors, maps, vectors, etc)
* Rule projects volume, how many decision services you would have.
Hope this help you. |
89,227 | Trying to find title/author of story I read many years ago, around 1964. Story was written from the point of view of a snail like creature. The central character describes (stream-of-consciousness?) himself and other characters moving along a path in a constant search for food. The story ends with the main character falling into what turns out to be the fuel tank of a space ship. | 2015/05/07 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/89227",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/3011/"
] | There may be others but I nominate ["James"](https://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/title.cgi?62952), a short story by [Gordon R. Dickson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon_R._Dickson), first published in the [*The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction*, May 1955](https://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/pl.cgi?61290+c), available at the [Internet Archive](https://archive.org/stream/Fantasy_Science_Fiction_v008n05_1955-05#page/n49/mode/2up). (The title refers to ["The Four Friends"](http://allpoetry.com/The-Four-Friends) by [A. A. Milne](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._A._Milne).)
>
> James huffled.
>
>
> He paused, his horns searching the air. Something was coming toward him along the brick he himself was traversing. For a moment he tensed, then his trained perception recognized that the one approaching was another snail. James glowed with pleasure and hurried to meet him.
>
>
>
>
If that doesn't ring a bell, maybe a quotation from the Milne poem will:
>
> *"James gave the* huffle *of a snail in danger—*
>
>
>
> | You don't give much detail, but it sounds like Dragon's Egg by Robert Forward. From Wikipedia: *Dragon's Egg is a neutron star with a surface gravity 67 billion times that of Earth, and inhabited by cheela, intelligent creatures the size of a sesame seed who live, think and develop a million times faster than humans.* |
89,227 | Trying to find title/author of story I read many years ago, around 1964. Story was written from the point of view of a snail like creature. The central character describes (stream-of-consciousness?) himself and other characters moving along a path in a constant search for food. The story ends with the main character falling into what turns out to be the fuel tank of a space ship. | 2015/05/07 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/89227",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/3011/"
] | This is "On the Fourth Planet" (1963) by J. F. Bone. The question was asked before as ["Short story where creatures have squares of territory."](https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/36463/short-story-where-creatures-have-squares-of-territory/45888#45888) Originally published in the April 1963 issue of *Galaxy* and [widely anthologized](https://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/title.cgi?44472). | You don't give much detail, but it sounds like Dragon's Egg by Robert Forward. From Wikipedia: *Dragon's Egg is a neutron star with a surface gravity 67 billion times that of Earth, and inhabited by cheela, intelligent creatures the size of a sesame seed who live, think and develop a million times faster than humans.* |
89,227 | Trying to find title/author of story I read many years ago, around 1964. Story was written from the point of view of a snail like creature. The central character describes (stream-of-consciousness?) himself and other characters moving along a path in a constant search for food. The story ends with the main character falling into what turns out to be the fuel tank of a space ship. | 2015/05/07 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/89227",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/3011/"
] | This is "On the Fourth Planet" (1963) by J. F. Bone. The question was asked before as ["Short story where creatures have squares of territory."](https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/36463/short-story-where-creatures-have-squares-of-territory/45888#45888) Originally published in the April 1963 issue of *Galaxy* and [widely anthologized](https://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/title.cgi?44472). | There may be others but I nominate ["James"](https://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/title.cgi?62952), a short story by [Gordon R. Dickson](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon_R._Dickson), first published in the [*The Magazine of Fantasy and Science Fiction*, May 1955](https://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/pl.cgi?61290+c), available at the [Internet Archive](https://archive.org/stream/Fantasy_Science_Fiction_v008n05_1955-05#page/n49/mode/2up). (The title refers to ["The Four Friends"](http://allpoetry.com/The-Four-Friends) by [A. A. Milne](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A._A._Milne).)
>
> James huffled.
>
>
> He paused, his horns searching the air. Something was coming toward him along the brick he himself was traversing. For a moment he tensed, then his trained perception recognized that the one approaching was another snail. James glowed with pleasure and hurried to meet him.
>
>
>
>
If that doesn't ring a bell, maybe a quotation from the Milne poem will:
>
> *"James gave the* huffle *of a snail in danger—*
>
>
>
> |
124,158 | Suppose I have two 5-digit numbers (A and B) and two 50-digit numbers(C and D). Do the operations **A+B** and **C+D** have equal complexity in terms of time and space? or **C+D** is more complex due to the size of digits? | 2020/04/15 | [
"https://cs.stackexchange.com/questions/124158",
"https://cs.stackexchange.com",
"https://cs.stackexchange.com/users/119524/"
] | The complexity of arithmetic operations is typically measured in *bit operations*, though not everybody agrees this is the correct measure. There is a [Wikipedia page](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_complexity_of_mathematical_operations#Arithmetic_functions) listing the complexity of the best algorithms currently known for various operations, including addition and multiplication. | It depends on the model you use. [Yuval Filmus's answer](https://cs.stackexchange.com/a/124164/83244) assumes you use a [multitape Turing machine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multitape_Turing_machine). This is also mentioned in [the Wikipedia page](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational_complexity_of_mathematical_operations):
>
> Here, complexity refers to the time complexity of performing
> computations on a multitape Turing machine.
>
>
>
However, for example, if you use a [random access machine](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random-access_machine), the time and space complexity of an arithmetic operation of any-digit numbers is considered to be $O(1)$. |
10,131,546 | I like to do my development over SSH on a remote server -- is there any way to run and access meteor's debug server in that situation?
It listens for <http://localhost://3000>, not on <http://example.com://3000>, so I can't access it.
Thanks! | 2012/04/12 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/10131546",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/573180/"
] | I just found the code in app/meteor/run.js and hardcoded the Status.listening statement's host value to my host, and it worked for now! Perhaps --host can be added as an option to "meteor run" in the future as a sustainable solution. | you could also do an ssh local port forward, more information is [here](http://magazine.redhat.com/2007/11/06/ssh-port-forwarding/#local). |
142,112 | I have a table with a list of companies (only the most important properties):
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/OElgH.png)
There is more data for each company, including another list of Licenses.
To expand that company details, should I use:
1. New **tab**?
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/jJYMv.png)
A new tab will be added with the company name as the tab title, inside that tab I would have some details and a list of products. Users can go back to the main tab, choose another company and have a few company details tabs open (for example 3). The tabs can be closed.
2. **Accordion**:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/nJ3bq.png)
Similarly, as above, the accordion would have some details plus a list of products
3. Maybe **popup** screen that would cover 90% + of the screen.
4. Or there is better option?
I'm trying to figure out what is best for the user. | 2022/01/16 | [
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/142112",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/users/144788/"
] | Both ways work, so that is not an issue.
Take a closer look at how your users work with the table:
* Do they only open the details to glance at them and then go on to other entries? - Then the accordion would be the better option.
* Do they open dsome entries from the list and then work within the details with few need to go back to the list of companies until finished? - in that case using tabs may be the better option
Content in different tabs is quite strongly encapsuled and separate from the rest.
Content in an accordion is very close and accessible, but: if there is a lot of content it may be difficult to keep the overall structure in mind, the users lose context while they scroll and do not see the parent list any more. | As a user, I would prefer accordion as the primary UI for seeing company details. I'm just not sure if it should be exclusive, or should multiple ones be allowed to be open at the same time.
Multiple open at the same time would allow search + cross-comparison, using browser-native functionality. But it might get a bit overwhelming. Perhaps allow multiple open, but have an easy "collapse all" option somewhere?
I would only want tab if I wanted to cross-reference multiple companies. But in that case, I'd prefer a browser native tab, which I can move side-by-side with a different company, bookmark, share a link, etc.
Popup could also work, but I find that popup is like "the final frontier". You can only get there once, and then you're stuck. Eg. if you decided to add a little interaction with a company that requires a popup of its own, you'd have to pile two modals one on top of another, which is bad.
Of course, all these opinions are contingent on what kind of audience you have. My preferences are those of a tech-competent power user. If you have a lot of older tech-illiterate folk, for example, then maybe a popup would be the least confusing for them. |
142,112 | I have a table with a list of companies (only the most important properties):
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/OElgH.png)
There is more data for each company, including another list of Licenses.
To expand that company details, should I use:
1. New **tab**?
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/jJYMv.png)
A new tab will be added with the company name as the tab title, inside that tab I would have some details and a list of products. Users can go back to the main tab, choose another company and have a few company details tabs open (for example 3). The tabs can be closed.
2. **Accordion**:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/nJ3bq.png)
Similarly, as above, the accordion would have some details plus a list of products
3. Maybe **popup** screen that would cover 90% + of the screen.
4. Or there is better option?
I'm trying to figure out what is best for the user. | 2022/01/16 | [
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/142112",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/users/144788/"
] | Both ways work, so that is not an issue.
Take a closer look at how your users work with the table:
* Do they only open the details to glance at them and then go on to other entries? - Then the accordion would be the better option.
* Do they open dsome entries from the list and then work within the details with few need to go back to the list of companies until finished? - in that case using tabs may be the better option
Content in different tabs is quite strongly encapsuled and separate from the rest.
Content in an accordion is very close and accessible, but: if there is a lot of content it may be difficult to keep the overall structure in mind, the users lose context while they scroll and do not see the parent list any more. | If you are in a browser you should most likely open a native-browser tab, since the user is familiar with those. The user can place multiple browser windows on multiple monitors and arrange them however he likes, or even save tabs as bookmarks.
The main benefit of an accordion is if you want to quickly show the details of many companies besides each other. If this is a valid use case an accordion could be good option. If the users are not comparing multiple companies in the list, an accordion will most likely bring no real benefits over native tabs. |
387,357 | I would like to setup an IDS/IPS (network intrusion prevention and detection system) like [snort](http://www.snort.org/), but I would prefer not have to dedicate a computer to handle it.
Are there any applications or routers that can be hacked or some other free or not too expensive IDS that I could use?
I would prefer real time notifications.
---
I can use pretty much any operating system I guess, that runs on either x64/x86 or custom routers. I have about 50 machines to monitor so not a lot. (Including devices and phones etc). I have a couple of SonicWall routers, and a few dLInk routers. I have one router running ddwrt.
Thanks for all of the responses so far. | 2012/02/08 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/387357",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/65742/"
] | Try out [Suricata](http://www.openinfosecfoundation.org/index.php/download-suricata).
>
> Suricata is a rule-based ID/PS engine that utilises externally
> developed rule sets to monitor network traffic and provide alerts to
> the system administrator when suspicious events occur. Designed to be
> compatible with existing network security components, Suricata
> features unified output functionality and pluggable library options to
> accept calls from other applications.
>
>
> | You can run snort on your local machine, either through a virtual machine or directly if you're running a unix variant already. Unfortunately advanced intrusion detection systems require huge signature files and a lot of processing power to run in real time which is going to rule out all consumer routers. The big enterprise router manufacturers don't add full IPS/IDS feature sets to their routers so they don't compete with their firewall and dedicated IPS products. Some vendors do add a small amount of IPS/IDS functionality to their routers but since this requires so much cpu to run you're going to have to have a beefy router. What router do you currently have and how many machines would you like to monitor? |
57,927,301 | According to firebase doc, it seems that client side SDK allows email address as well as user profile information to be updated directly.
<https://firebase.google.com/docs/auth/android/manage-users#update_a_users_profile>
If I build an android app without any UI workflow for users to change email address, I am confident that majority, 99.99%+ of the regular users, will use the app as intended.
However, if certain users investigate/reverse-engineers into the app, learns that it uses the firebase, wouldn't it be possible for them to debug and invoke any one of the Firebase Auth client SDK methods provided? (e.g. Wouldn't it be possible for hacker to change email address [not supposed to be allowed in my app after initial registration] & change photo url to point to something inappropriate images?
With Firestore database, I could use security rules to prevent read/writes, but I wasn't sure how I could do something similar in Firebase authentication. | 2019/09/13 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/57927301",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/482594/"
] | Yes, it's possible for users to get a hold of the token that would be used to call the backend APIs exposed by Firebase Authentication that would normally be used by the SDK. There is no equivalent to database security rules.
The fact of the matter is that users normally *should* be able to change their email address, as they might actually need to change email provider at some point. If your app doesn't allow this for some reason, and you have a hard requirement to only use the email address provided by the authentication provider(s) you allow, you should consider writing that value to a database at the time the user account is created. Then, use security rules to prevent the user from changing it there. From that point on, you would only ever trust the value initially written to the database, and never use the email address from the auth provider.
You would probably want to handle writing to the database from a [Cloud Functions auth onCreate trigger](https://firebase.google.com/docs/functions/auth-events), so that you control all the logic. | I am now facing the same issue, and I think I will just not worry about the 0.01%. This is mostly because if they change their own email with Firebase Authentication via reverse-engineering and my web server is unaware of their new email, this would not have any impact on the other genuine users except maybe not being able to find them (email is only used in searches for now). |
92,957 | I've been experimenting with some photography for a few months now and I noticed that this happens on pictures with lower shutter speeds:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/fdepu.jpg)
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/SJP6S.jpg)
What is this, why does it happen and what can I do to prevent it/fix it? It has affected some pictures I think are pretty good otherwise. Pictures were taken with a Nikon D3300 and a Tamron 18-200mm f/3.5-6.3 Di II VC on a tripod. Shutter speeds of about 30 seconds. | 2017/09/26 | [
"https://photo.stackexchange.com/questions/92957",
"https://photo.stackexchange.com",
"https://photo.stackexchange.com/users/68703/"
] | >
> If a zoom lens has a focal distance scale on it, does that mean that the lens is parfocal?
>
>
>
**No,** many zoom lenses are [*varifocal*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Varifocal_lens). As it's used in photography, the term [*parfocal*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parfocal_lens) means that the lens should remain focused at the same distance as the focal length changes. Every zoom lens that I can think of has a distance scale, but most change focus slightly as the lens is zoomed.
>
> Or does it just mean that the distance scale is inaccurate?
>
>
>
I wouldn't say that they're inaccurate; it's more that they're just not that precise. In other words, they don't tell you very precisely where the lens is focused even if you haven't changed the zoom setting. The distance scales usually have relatively few markings; for example, the scale on a Canon EF 70-200 f/4 L ranges from 1.2m to infinity over a distance of a little more than an inch and with only about 5 intermediate markings. | I have never heard the term “parfocal” applied to a zoom lens, however I understand your question. Parfocal in the jargon of microscopes and telescopes pertains to an interchangeable objective and/or eyepiece. Microscopes often sport a turret that holds an array of objective lenses of various powers. One switches objectives by rotating the turret causing a different objective lens to become optically aligned. The same arrangement is available for telescope eyepieces. Various eyepieces are organized on a rotating turret. Parfocal objectives and eyepieces are adjusted as to their barrel lengths. Such an arrangement maintains focus as the adjustments are made.
If a zoom lens has a distance scale, it likely is accurate throughout the zoom range. It will be easy for you to check. Identify several objects of known distance, now zoom; note the scale readings and the degree of sharpness observed. |
37,965 | For the second Pumpkin Landing Task I need to carry five pumpkins to a shed, however I'm having quite a bit of trouble. The biggest issue I have is when I try ot proceed left, since the pumpkins have a tendency to lean the side.
What are some things to keep in mind for completing this task, and are there any tricks to make it easier? | 2011/11/22 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/37965",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/8350/"
] | When you stop walking, the pumpkins move on the opposite side you were walking just before stopping (even if it was just an instant). Forward speed has no effect.
The trick is to go towards the shed and stop a moment before the pumpkins fall.
Then just tap the direction in which they are falling and watch them going back to the center. Restart walking to the shed. | I did it! I managed to complete this right after I asked the question. It would appear that the advice the woman gives you at the start is incorrect: Your speed doesn't seem to have any affect on the movement of the pumpkins, it seems to be based entirely on time. Whether I was standing still or moving ahead at full speed the pumpkins will move at the same rate. I should point out I did not try sprinting.
Therefore the trick is to just move as fast (without sprinting) as you can, and making sure to stop to adjust the pumpkins when they start to lean too far to the left or right. |
377,327 | I'm designing a 100W dummy load for a guitar amplifier using Arcol HS50 and HS100 resistors. Here's a link to the datasheet:
<http://www.arcolresistors.com/wp-content/uploads/2014/03/HS-Datasheet.pdf>
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/NeZQi.gif)
This is my 16 ohm dummy load. Worst case it will see 100W at its input. R1 is the resistor I'm concerned about.
I have never used these resistors before and I'm wondering if they might end up overheating or warping my board in my design.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/d32KL.png)
You can see my first attempt at creating heat sinks here. R1 is a 16 ohm HS100 (100W) resistor, while RZ8 is 16 ohm HS50 (50W). There will be a switch to connect RZ8 in parallel with the 16 ohm load to present an 8 ohm load to the source.
Will this be enough to keep these resistors in a safe temperature range when the input is pushing 100W?
My thermal vias have a drill diameter of .1mm and they are spaced 1.2 mm apart connecting to the ground plane on both top and bottom layers. I've placed a stop mask to expose the ground plane under those resistors on both the top and bottom layers of the board.
I know this is a deep subject and I'm not asking anyone to go through and do all the math for me. I'm looking for someone with experience with these resistors to let me know if it's clearly going to end in catastrophic failure or if my heat sinks have a chance of doing the job.
I'm also curious how other people use these in their designs. Can anyone show me how they've successfully mounted these resistors to a PCB and how they were able to manage the heat?
Please let me know if I've left out important information. Thank you. | 2018/05/30 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/377327",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/190157/"
] | Well, here is the basis for the rating from [Vishay-Dale](http://www.vishay.com/docs/30201/rhnh.pdf)'s datasheet:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/lvQQu.png)
30cm x 30cm x 3mm thick is probably considerably more than your PCB area, and the thermal conductivity of the PCB is not as good as solid aluminum so your heat spreading will not be as good. Even if it was (which it isn't), the temperature rise acceptable for an aluminium and ceramic resistor may be excessive for your PCB material.
You might be able to get 10W continuous out of it. An alternative would be to buy a finned heatsink with specified °C/W rise and design for a reasonable rise in temperature at whatever you consider to be worst-case normal operating conditions. You could consider adding a fan, but that would require a power source. | Standard PCB foil (the default thickness) has Rthermal of 70 degree Cent per watt PER SQUARE of foil, for any size square of foil.
In trying to move heat vertically up the PCB sketch, there are about 2 squares of foil up to the other (smaller) resistor, thus Rtherm is 70/2 = 35 degree Cent per watt.
In trying to move heat to the right and then up, you have about 3 squares of foil, thus that path has Rtherm of 70/3 ~~ 25 degree Cent per watt.
Combining these 2 paths, use product/sum = 35\*25/(35 + 25) or 900 / 60 = 15 degree Cent per watt. And you have 100 watts.
Thus the temperature of the resistor will be AT LEAST 15 \* 100 = 1,500 degree Centigrade, assume the top edge of the PCB are held at room temperature.
[simulate this circuit](/plugins/schematics?image=http%3a%2f%2fi.stack.imgur.com%2fdR9vz.png) – Schematic created using [CircuitLab](https://www.circuitlab.com/) |
46,180 | I'm reading the book [What the Buddha Taught](https://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/com/0802130313). In the section *The Five Aggregates* of *Chapter II: The Four Noble Truths*, when discussing the relationship between the aggregate of consciousness and other four aggregates, the author said:
>
> The Buddha declared in unequivocal terms that consciousness depends on matter, sensation, perception and mental formations, and that it cannot exist independently of them. He says:
>
>
> ‘Consciousness may exist having matter as its means (rūpupāyaṃ), matter as its object (rūpārammaṇaṃ), matter as its support (rūpa-patiṭṭhaṃ), and seeking delight it may grow, increase and develop; or consciousness may exist having sensation as its means . . . or perception as its means . . . or mental formations as its means, mental formations as its object, mental formations as its support, and seeking delight it may grow, increase and develop.
>
>
> ‘Were a man to say: I shall show the coming, the going, the passing away, the arising, the growth, the increase or the development of consciousness apart from matter, sensation, perception and mental formations, he would be speaking of something that does not exist.’ (S III (PTS), p. 58)
>
>
>
First of all, can you help me locate the corresponding sutra as quoted by the author? As I googled the quoted text and browsed a part of Saṁyutta Nikāya on the [dhammatalks](https://www.dhammatalks.org/suttas/SN/index_SN.html) but couldn't find it. I don't have a copy of Pali Text Society's Saṁyutta Nikāya at hand.
Now as I understand it (correct me if I were wrong), the consciousness (as in viññāṇa) is like a sort of bare awareness, awareness of the presence of an object. If there were no light and eyes, there wouldn't be eye awareness of the light. So we can say the aggregate of consciousness depends on the matter. The consciousness arises out of the condition that there's a sense and a corresponding sense organ (both of which are matter).
But I think sensation, perception and mental formations all happen with the consciousness (bare awareness) as a precondition. Especially for perception (sanna) which is to recognize the object specifically, shouldn't that be based on bare awareness?
So my question, does the aggregate of consciousness depend on the aggregates of sensation, perception and mental formations? If so, why? | 2021/11/20 | [
"https://buddhism.stackexchange.com/questions/46180",
"https://buddhism.stackexchange.com",
"https://buddhism.stackexchange.com/users/19750/"
] | So far as I know there's little or no world-wide "command structure" of Buddhists -- you can't write to one person and expect they'll pass a new edict that every Buddhist organisation will follow.
I'd guess that writing to "the WFB" is a bit like writing to the United Nations, i.e. unlikely to be effective.
It may be more effective to contact the specific organisations whose behaviour or whose publications you want to comment on -- i.e. the "charity clubs" and so on -- or to converse in person with people who are members of those organisations.
There may be some local organisations -- e.g. an abbot who heads a monastery; a senior reverend teacher within a school; perhaps even some national organisation (within a country). | The Sangha isn't a social service and not part of common communities. And such institutions like mentioned, are 'illegal fakes'. One accumulates much demerits in thinking wishing to own and control the Buddhas heritage. RED (delusion) was many times in history already pain for many, foremost themselves. What if reminding that being still subject to aging, sickness, death, aparting from beloved and only owner and heirs of his actions, good, or bad? |
15,882 | Just like the newly presented iMessage but instead of just between iOS devices, with the Mac too.
I've looked at Handoff. It can only send links to the iPhone from the Mac.
I've looked at Droplr. It requires public sharing on a Twitter account. Not what I want.
I've been using email and have been recommended Evernote. But these solutions require a document that I must create, wait to sync, and/or later delete to free up clutter. I just want to send a quick message.
I just want an app/application pair that can quickly share links, notes, and pictures between devices, like iMessage.
Does what I desire exist? | 2011/06/13 | [
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/15882",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/users/4729/"
] | [Evernote](http://www.evernote.com/) does this. Photos, notes, screenshots, audio memos, etc. can be captured and shared between your Mac and iPhone. | Currently, the best app for this is [DeskConnect](http://deskconnect.com/). |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.