qid int64 1 74.7M | question stringlengths 12 33.8k | date stringlengths 10 10 | metadata list | response_j stringlengths 0 115k | response_k stringlengths 2 98.3k |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
261,604 | I bought my base model 15" MacBook Pro w/ Touch Bar the day it was released, and I just received it yesterday. I've been copying and downloading all the data and files that I needed and the battery didn't last me more than 5 hours, if even 4. I have no idea what is wrong with it, but it's really overheating and I almost never hear the fan running, which also alerts me.
Today I played Crossfire, a game with very basic graphics, on Windows 10 Bootcamp and it was ON FIRE! I had to close the game because of the laptop's temperature. Again, I did not hear the fan.
Things I've done:
* Reset the System Management Controller (SMC)
* Run hardware diagnostics by restarting and pressing the `D` key while booting. This was the first time I actually clearly heard the fan. The overall results were that it found no hardware problems.
* I called Apple, but they had no idea what they were telling me as they were following a written script, although a Senior Advisor was talking to me regarding the issue.
Now I have had it just for two days so far, and I have a two-week return period. Should I wait more and see how everything will work out, or should I return it?
Has anyone experienced the same issue? Is there anything else for me to try? | 2016/11/19 | [
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/261604",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/users/211302/"
] | A brand new computer should not give you such problems. I would return it within the two-week time window and ask for a full refund.
Some people I work for need to buy new MacBook Pros, but it's hard to recommend them right now. For one person in particular, battery life is crucial. Everything I've heard so far about battery life, the new Apple MacBook Pros are lemons.
It's very disappointing, especially since it's been such a long time since these models were updated — people have been waiting for them. They're not selling these new machines any cheaper either, they ought to work at least as good as the previous generation!
Hopefully they'll come up with a revision that fixes the issues — meanwhile, if you can still get a full refund on your brand new MacBook, that's what I'd do. | My 15" MBP w/ touchbar was overheating as well with as simple a task as streaming Netflix. I was roaming around the internet about temperature conditions and if cold weather could mess up my MBP as where I store it it could get very cold. I came across the setting of putting the "hard disk to sleep when possible" as a potentially damaging setting for my MBP in cold weather and I realized that maybe it had something to do with my computer overheating. I then unmarked the setting a lo and behold, I am now streaming Netflix without my laptop becoming hot. Try seeing if you have that setting on then turn it off and run your laptop, it could potentially help. |
261,604 | I bought my base model 15" MacBook Pro w/ Touch Bar the day it was released, and I just received it yesterday. I've been copying and downloading all the data and files that I needed and the battery didn't last me more than 5 hours, if even 4. I have no idea what is wrong with it, but it's really overheating and I almost never hear the fan running, which also alerts me.
Today I played Crossfire, a game with very basic graphics, on Windows 10 Bootcamp and it was ON FIRE! I had to close the game because of the laptop's temperature. Again, I did not hear the fan.
Things I've done:
* Reset the System Management Controller (SMC)
* Run hardware diagnostics by restarting and pressing the `D` key while booting. This was the first time I actually clearly heard the fan. The overall results were that it found no hardware problems.
* I called Apple, but they had no idea what they were telling me as they were following a written script, although a Senior Advisor was talking to me regarding the issue.
Now I have had it just for two days so far, and I have a two-week return period. Should I wait more and see how everything will work out, or should I return it?
Has anyone experienced the same issue? Is there anything else for me to try? | 2016/11/19 | [
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/261604",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/users/211302/"
] | The problem you discribed is exactly the same that I have with my new MBP 15" Touchbar (2,9Ghz, Radeon 460).
The reason why it's overheating is, that the fans do not automatically accelerate when there's a higher workload. They are continuously running at 2000 rpm.
My solution: Use iStat Menus
There you can manually increase the rpm to medium (3500-4000rpm) and high (4500+).
You will see, if you manually adjust the fans, the MBP will work great and there won't be any overheating issues.
BUT that's not how a notebook should work. It must automatically adjust the fans.
I talked to several apple support guys (In Germany) and they all told me, that they havent experienced such a thing yet. I did the same things like you, resetting NVRAM, resetting SMC and I even reinstalled the OS. Nothing helped.
It may be a firmware issue that will be fixed in the future. However it seems like just a minority of MBP Touchbar customers are facing this issue.
Most likely I will exchange my notebook in January (since it's not available at the moment xD ) | My 15" MBP w/ touchbar was overheating as well with as simple a task as streaming Netflix. I was roaming around the internet about temperature conditions and if cold weather could mess up my MBP as where I store it it could get very cold. I came across the setting of putting the "hard disk to sleep when possible" as a potentially damaging setting for my MBP in cold weather and I realized that maybe it had something to do with my computer overheating. I then unmarked the setting a lo and behold, I am now streaming Netflix without my laptop becoming hot. Try seeing if you have that setting on then turn it off and run your laptop, it could potentially help. |
261,604 | I bought my base model 15" MacBook Pro w/ Touch Bar the day it was released, and I just received it yesterday. I've been copying and downloading all the data and files that I needed and the battery didn't last me more than 5 hours, if even 4. I have no idea what is wrong with it, but it's really overheating and I almost never hear the fan running, which also alerts me.
Today I played Crossfire, a game with very basic graphics, on Windows 10 Bootcamp and it was ON FIRE! I had to close the game because of the laptop's temperature. Again, I did not hear the fan.
Things I've done:
* Reset the System Management Controller (SMC)
* Run hardware diagnostics by restarting and pressing the `D` key while booting. This was the first time I actually clearly heard the fan. The overall results were that it found no hardware problems.
* I called Apple, but they had no idea what they were telling me as they were following a written script, although a Senior Advisor was talking to me regarding the issue.
Now I have had it just for two days so far, and I have a two-week return period. Should I wait more and see how everything will work out, or should I return it?
Has anyone experienced the same issue? Is there anything else for me to try? | 2016/11/19 | [
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/261604",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/users/211302/"
] | The problem you discribed is exactly the same that I have with my new MBP 15" Touchbar (2,9Ghz, Radeon 460).
The reason why it's overheating is, that the fans do not automatically accelerate when there's a higher workload. They are continuously running at 2000 rpm.
My solution: Use iStat Menus
There you can manually increase the rpm to medium (3500-4000rpm) and high (4500+).
You will see, if you manually adjust the fans, the MBP will work great and there won't be any overheating issues.
BUT that's not how a notebook should work. It must automatically adjust the fans.
I talked to several apple support guys (In Germany) and they all told me, that they havent experienced such a thing yet. I did the same things like you, resetting NVRAM, resetting SMC and I even reinstalled the OS. Nothing helped.
It may be a firmware issue that will be fixed in the future. However it seems like just a minority of MBP Touchbar customers are facing this issue.
Most likely I will exchange my notebook in January (since it's not available at the moment xD ) | A brand new computer should not give you such problems. I would return it within the two-week time window and ask for a full refund.
Some people I work for need to buy new MacBook Pros, but it's hard to recommend them right now. For one person in particular, battery life is crucial. Everything I've heard so far about battery life, the new Apple MacBook Pros are lemons.
It's very disappointing, especially since it's been such a long time since these models were updated — people have been waiting for them. They're not selling these new machines any cheaper either, they ought to work at least as good as the previous generation!
Hopefully they'll come up with a revision that fixes the issues — meanwhile, if you can still get a full refund on your brand new MacBook, that's what I'd do. |
261,604 | I bought my base model 15" MacBook Pro w/ Touch Bar the day it was released, and I just received it yesterday. I've been copying and downloading all the data and files that I needed and the battery didn't last me more than 5 hours, if even 4. I have no idea what is wrong with it, but it's really overheating and I almost never hear the fan running, which also alerts me.
Today I played Crossfire, a game with very basic graphics, on Windows 10 Bootcamp and it was ON FIRE! I had to close the game because of the laptop's temperature. Again, I did not hear the fan.
Things I've done:
* Reset the System Management Controller (SMC)
* Run hardware diagnostics by restarting and pressing the `D` key while booting. This was the first time I actually clearly heard the fan. The overall results were that it found no hardware problems.
* I called Apple, but they had no idea what they were telling me as they were following a written script, although a Senior Advisor was talking to me regarding the issue.
Now I have had it just for two days so far, and I have a two-week return period. Should I wait more and see how everything will work out, or should I return it?
Has anyone experienced the same issue? Is there anything else for me to try? | 2016/11/19 | [
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/261604",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/users/211302/"
] | A brand new computer should not give you such problems. I would return it within the two-week time window and ask for a full refund.
Some people I work for need to buy new MacBook Pros, but it's hard to recommend them right now. For one person in particular, battery life is crucial. Everything I've heard so far about battery life, the new Apple MacBook Pros are lemons.
It's very disappointing, especially since it's been such a long time since these models were updated — people have been waiting for them. They're not selling these new machines any cheaper either, they ought to work at least as good as the previous generation!
Hopefully they'll come up with a revision that fixes the issues — meanwhile, if you can still get a full refund on your brand new MacBook, that's what I'd do. | I am having the exact same issue, & even after apple provided a replacement device to me today at 6pm this issue has not been resolved.
Backstory: My original device was picked up 2 weeks ago, from the Pasadena store. Immediately that night I noticed that the heat was so bad the equipment was hot to touch, and even spreading to the sides and top other portions of the device. I reported it via online chat and immediately apple business contacted me the next day scheduling a Genius Bar appointment. During that appointment the genius tech wouldn't tell me what was wrong but stated after only a couple minutes that the device needed to be sent to engineering once it was returned for investigation, and they would provide a replacement no questions asked. The replacement device arrived tonight and 30 minutes into using it (Safari, Sublime text install, and web browsing on a solid surface it was so hot that it begin causing other issues( slowed keyboard response onscreen, screen flicker, lag). I contacted support again, and they immediately setup an appointment with Genius Bar for 6am tomorrow. I am really losing faith in this model but don't know what to do at this point because it appears that no one knows what the root cause of the issue is. Friends of mine have the same model without issues. If anyone has any details please share. |
261,604 | I bought my base model 15" MacBook Pro w/ Touch Bar the day it was released, and I just received it yesterday. I've been copying and downloading all the data and files that I needed and the battery didn't last me more than 5 hours, if even 4. I have no idea what is wrong with it, but it's really overheating and I almost never hear the fan running, which also alerts me.
Today I played Crossfire, a game with very basic graphics, on Windows 10 Bootcamp and it was ON FIRE! I had to close the game because of the laptop's temperature. Again, I did not hear the fan.
Things I've done:
* Reset the System Management Controller (SMC)
* Run hardware diagnostics by restarting and pressing the `D` key while booting. This was the first time I actually clearly heard the fan. The overall results were that it found no hardware problems.
* I called Apple, but they had no idea what they were telling me as they were following a written script, although a Senior Advisor was talking to me regarding the issue.
Now I have had it just for two days so far, and I have a two-week return period. Should I wait more and see how everything will work out, or should I return it?
Has anyone experienced the same issue? Is there anything else for me to try? | 2016/11/19 | [
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/261604",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/users/211302/"
] | The problem you discribed is exactly the same that I have with my new MBP 15" Touchbar (2,9Ghz, Radeon 460).
The reason why it's overheating is, that the fans do not automatically accelerate when there's a higher workload. They are continuously running at 2000 rpm.
My solution: Use iStat Menus
There you can manually increase the rpm to medium (3500-4000rpm) and high (4500+).
You will see, if you manually adjust the fans, the MBP will work great and there won't be any overheating issues.
BUT that's not how a notebook should work. It must automatically adjust the fans.
I talked to several apple support guys (In Germany) and they all told me, that they havent experienced such a thing yet. I did the same things like you, resetting NVRAM, resetting SMC and I even reinstalled the OS. Nothing helped.
It may be a firmware issue that will be fixed in the future. However it seems like just a minority of MBP Touchbar customers are facing this issue.
Most likely I will exchange my notebook in January (since it's not available at the moment xD ) | I am having the exact same issue, & even after apple provided a replacement device to me today at 6pm this issue has not been resolved.
Backstory: My original device was picked up 2 weeks ago, from the Pasadena store. Immediately that night I noticed that the heat was so bad the equipment was hot to touch, and even spreading to the sides and top other portions of the device. I reported it via online chat and immediately apple business contacted me the next day scheduling a Genius Bar appointment. During that appointment the genius tech wouldn't tell me what was wrong but stated after only a couple minutes that the device needed to be sent to engineering once it was returned for investigation, and they would provide a replacement no questions asked. The replacement device arrived tonight and 30 minutes into using it (Safari, Sublime text install, and web browsing on a solid surface it was so hot that it begin causing other issues( slowed keyboard response onscreen, screen flicker, lag). I contacted support again, and they immediately setup an appointment with Genius Bar for 6am tomorrow. I am really losing faith in this model but don't know what to do at this point because it appears that no one knows what the root cause of the issue is. Friends of mine have the same model without issues. If anyone has any details please share. |
345,749 | **Is an Enterprise Service Bus** (a tool that acts as a mediator, a message broker, a service enabler, schema transformation enhancer, transparent location provider, service aggregator, load balancer, monitor, and all that stuff) **responsible to orchestrate services**?
What about putting an automated business business process with more than thousand steps and dozens of service invocations inside your enterprise service bus?
Would you do it, or would you use a specialist in orchestration such as a BPEL engine?
Please gimme you opinion. | 2008/12/06 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/345749",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/21370/"
] | Yes and no. There's a thin, and sometimes indistinguishable line between orchestration and aggregation/service augmentation.
In general, if you've got any long-running or complex business process (process being the key word, although I'm going to avoid defining it) - that's best suited to BPEL.
Simple tasks, such as aggregating the results of three service calls, could and often should be done in an ESB layer.
It's not worth losing too much sleep over, though
Disclaimer: I am an IBM ESB consultant, although I'm not writing this in an official capacity. | No, an ESB's responsibility is not the orchestration of services (per se).
The ESB provides a layer of abstraction at the "software infrastructure level".
This means that an ESB is a "single logical abstract port of call for connectivity" with any service that is published on the bus.
The ESB being abstract, means that consumers of services on the bus, don't "need to know" deployment details of the service, and it is possible to expose "internally facing services" with a single document model. The ESB provides low level services (such as protocol translation and message transformation), so that internally services can communicate in a simplified fashion.
This implies some orchestration: The ESB provides orchestration of the afore mentioned low level services (e.g. when service X is called via IIOP, translate this to SOAP with Attachments. Then transform the request from whatever serialized data to an XML payload).
The orchestration you would typically avoid in an ESB is: In order to process this (insurance) sale, we first need to validate the information provided by the buyer, then we need to underwrite the risk of insuring, and finally calculate the premium that needs to be paid for the insurance, after which we need to… etc.
The steps described above are clearly a business process (which could even be interrupted… e.g. if automatic underwriting is not possible, then a human underwriter needs to further assess the risk).
Business Services (e.g. Validation, Underwriting, Premium Calculation) that make up a Business Process (e.g. Insurance Sale), which is what is typically referred to as Orchestration, is best suited to happen in a Business Process Engine and defined using a formalized Business Process Modeling Language (such as BPEL).
Also making a guess about the many steps in your process: In the above example, Validation is a (course grained) service. The validation rules themselves are internal to that service. For complex business rules (i.e. not business process), the use of a Business Rules Engine may be required. |
345,749 | **Is an Enterprise Service Bus** (a tool that acts as a mediator, a message broker, a service enabler, schema transformation enhancer, transparent location provider, service aggregator, load balancer, monitor, and all that stuff) **responsible to orchestrate services**?
What about putting an automated business business process with more than thousand steps and dozens of service invocations inside your enterprise service bus?
Would you do it, or would you use a specialist in orchestration such as a BPEL engine?
Please gimme you opinion. | 2008/12/06 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/345749",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/21370/"
] | Now my own vision.
Regarding all the work an ESB has to do, putting service orchestration inside the main infrastructure element of your SOA is not a good idea.
Aggregate, ok! But keeping your communication channel busy with business logic will, for sure, cause a terrible impact in the ability to delivery other features.
After all, **most ESBs** such as as BEA Aqualogic Service have a **limited support for orchestration** including **lack of stateful** capabilities, and activities like wait (a timer) or pick (wait for some input to move on the process), split/join capabilities (already added on ALSB 3.0), and so on.
No way. Just use tools like a BPEL engine or a tool like Weblogic Integration.
Thanks. | Yes orchestration is a responsibility, in most cases, of the ESB. Or, alternatively, if you draw a line between ESB infra and orchestration infra, then you are doing so on a physical level for performance reasons, not for logical attribution of responsibility.
You have 2 choices - when, for example, an HR system receives a new employee - where do you place the business logic that says "the compliance department will need to approve and check first, and then if that's ok, the HR department will need to finalise the hire, then the accounting department will need a new entry, and then the payroll system will need updating, and if that fails, then we'll need to send an email to HR"? If all business processes are considered 'owned' by the initiating dept/application, then the overall system that is the enterprise becomes complex, with disparate orchestration systems.
The second choice is centralise the orchestration, essentially making it a logical partner of the messaging platform. If you choose to see these as separate artifacts, that is up to you, but it is equally valid to described both as ESB. |
345,749 | **Is an Enterprise Service Bus** (a tool that acts as a mediator, a message broker, a service enabler, schema transformation enhancer, transparent location provider, service aggregator, load balancer, monitor, and all that stuff) **responsible to orchestrate services**?
What about putting an automated business business process with more than thousand steps and dozens of service invocations inside your enterprise service bus?
Would you do it, or would you use a specialist in orchestration such as a BPEL engine?
Please gimme you opinion. | 2008/12/06 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/345749",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/21370/"
] | Yes and no. There's a thin, and sometimes indistinguishable line between orchestration and aggregation/service augmentation.
In general, if you've got any long-running or complex business process (process being the key word, although I'm going to avoid defining it) - that's best suited to BPEL.
Simple tasks, such as aggregating the results of three service calls, could and often should be done in an ESB layer.
It's not worth losing too much sleep over, though
Disclaimer: I am an IBM ESB consultant, although I'm not writing this in an official capacity. | Yes orchestration is a responsibility, in most cases, of the ESB. Or, alternatively, if you draw a line between ESB infra and orchestration infra, then you are doing so on a physical level for performance reasons, not for logical attribution of responsibility.
You have 2 choices - when, for example, an HR system receives a new employee - where do you place the business logic that says "the compliance department will need to approve and check first, and then if that's ok, the HR department will need to finalise the hire, then the accounting department will need a new entry, and then the payroll system will need updating, and if that fails, then we'll need to send an email to HR"? If all business processes are considered 'owned' by the initiating dept/application, then the overall system that is the enterprise becomes complex, with disparate orchestration systems.
The second choice is centralise the orchestration, essentially making it a logical partner of the messaging platform. If you choose to see these as separate artifacts, that is up to you, but it is equally valid to described both as ESB. |
345,749 | **Is an Enterprise Service Bus** (a tool that acts as a mediator, a message broker, a service enabler, schema transformation enhancer, transparent location provider, service aggregator, load balancer, monitor, and all that stuff) **responsible to orchestrate services**?
What about putting an automated business business process with more than thousand steps and dozens of service invocations inside your enterprise service bus?
Would you do it, or would you use a specialist in orchestration such as a BPEL engine?
Please gimme you opinion. | 2008/12/06 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/345749",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/21370/"
] | Now my own vision.
Regarding all the work an ESB has to do, putting service orchestration inside the main infrastructure element of your SOA is not a good idea.
Aggregate, ok! But keeping your communication channel busy with business logic will, for sure, cause a terrible impact in the ability to delivery other features.
After all, **most ESBs** such as as BEA Aqualogic Service have a **limited support for orchestration** including **lack of stateful** capabilities, and activities like wait (a timer) or pick (wait for some input to move on the process), split/join capabilities (already added on ALSB 3.0), and so on.
No way. Just use tools like a BPEL engine or a tool like Weblogic Integration.
Thanks. | Whenever you have two or more services that interact use service orchestrator, i.e. for composition and process control services. If you have esb expose this composition service on esb. Now if you have to compose new service that includes this composition service use orchestrator and again expose on esb.
Use esb as service delivery mechanism and web service broker and proxy. In composing a service orchestrator will use esb to reach interacting services. If these interacting services use incompatible xml schemas esb can transform/map them to common schema in runtime and route service requests based on the content, e.g. namespace. |
345,749 | **Is an Enterprise Service Bus** (a tool that acts as a mediator, a message broker, a service enabler, schema transformation enhancer, transparent location provider, service aggregator, load balancer, monitor, and all that stuff) **responsible to orchestrate services**?
What about putting an automated business business process with more than thousand steps and dozens of service invocations inside your enterprise service bus?
Would you do it, or would you use a specialist in orchestration such as a BPEL engine?
Please gimme you opinion. | 2008/12/06 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/345749",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/21370/"
] | Whenever you have two or more services that interact use service orchestrator, i.e. for composition and process control services. If you have esb expose this composition service on esb. Now if you have to compose new service that includes this composition service use orchestrator and again expose on esb.
Use esb as service delivery mechanism and web service broker and proxy. In composing a service orchestrator will use esb to reach interacting services. If these interacting services use incompatible xml schemas esb can transform/map them to common schema in runtime and route service requests based on the content, e.g. namespace. | Yes orchestration is a responsibility, in most cases, of the ESB. Or, alternatively, if you draw a line between ESB infra and orchestration infra, then you are doing so on a physical level for performance reasons, not for logical attribution of responsibility.
You have 2 choices - when, for example, an HR system receives a new employee - where do you place the business logic that says "the compliance department will need to approve and check first, and then if that's ok, the HR department will need to finalise the hire, then the accounting department will need a new entry, and then the payroll system will need updating, and if that fails, then we'll need to send an email to HR"? If all business processes are considered 'owned' by the initiating dept/application, then the overall system that is the enterprise becomes complex, with disparate orchestration systems.
The second choice is centralise the orchestration, essentially making it a logical partner of the messaging platform. If you choose to see these as separate artifacts, that is up to you, but it is equally valid to described both as ESB. |
345,749 | **Is an Enterprise Service Bus** (a tool that acts as a mediator, a message broker, a service enabler, schema transformation enhancer, transparent location provider, service aggregator, load balancer, monitor, and all that stuff) **responsible to orchestrate services**?
What about putting an automated business business process with more than thousand steps and dozens of service invocations inside your enterprise service bus?
Would you do it, or would you use a specialist in orchestration such as a BPEL engine?
Please gimme you opinion. | 2008/12/06 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/345749",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/21370/"
] | Yes orchestration is a responsibility, in most cases, of the ESB. Or, alternatively, if you draw a line between ESB infra and orchestration infra, then you are doing so on a physical level for performance reasons, not for logical attribution of responsibility.
You have 2 choices - when, for example, an HR system receives a new employee - where do you place the business logic that says "the compliance department will need to approve and check first, and then if that's ok, the HR department will need to finalise the hire, then the accounting department will need a new entry, and then the payroll system will need updating, and if that fails, then we'll need to send an email to HR"? If all business processes are considered 'owned' by the initiating dept/application, then the overall system that is the enterprise becomes complex, with disparate orchestration systems.
The second choice is centralise the orchestration, essentially making it a logical partner of the messaging platform. If you choose to see these as separate artifacts, that is up to you, but it is equally valid to described both as ESB. | An Enterprise Service Bus should never be responsible for orchestrating services.
Orchestration implies a minimum of "smarts", specifically the ability to compensate for failed transactions. Service bus tools will often say they offer "try-catch" or something like that but the ability to run scoped componsation is the mark of a proper orchestration tool. Additionally the ability to wait, know its own state, or keep things in suspense is another indicator that you're dealing with an orchestrator and not a bus.
Speaking to 1000+ steps plus dozens of services, consider the if-then's in the process. If all the if-then statements in your 1000 steps speak only to routing with no change to the payloads then you're still in "routing" and therefore still in ESB. But if there's even one *nested* if-then and I start to look for different tools. Aside, if-thens that look like routing can very quickly impact business logic. Once business logic starts showing up then a better language such as BPEL or BPMN is better.
The example of an orchestra conductor is often given to describe how orchestration works, a central individual directing the musicians according to a score. Often what's left off is the idea that the conductor is not only directing, but listening as well, and if something goes wrong can compensate in a reliable, repeatable way.
For instance imagine our first conductor goes to bring in the tuba player but said tuba player has decided to go do something else. A simple pinball-style "orchestrator" will bring in the tuba section, knowing full well it isn't there, and then wait for the audience to complain later. A really savvy conductor would see the tuba gone, and immediately bring up the deeper baritone horns to compensate. |
345,749 | **Is an Enterprise Service Bus** (a tool that acts as a mediator, a message broker, a service enabler, schema transformation enhancer, transparent location provider, service aggregator, load balancer, monitor, and all that stuff) **responsible to orchestrate services**?
What about putting an automated business business process with more than thousand steps and dozens of service invocations inside your enterprise service bus?
Would you do it, or would you use a specialist in orchestration such as a BPEL engine?
Please gimme you opinion. | 2008/12/06 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/345749",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/21370/"
] | My short quick answer is NO, that not its responsability.
I would rather let that to the BPEL or a BPM suite.
Mhh I don't know what else to add :) ... Good luck? | Whenever you have two or more services that interact use service orchestrator, i.e. for composition and process control services. If you have esb expose this composition service on esb. Now if you have to compose new service that includes this composition service use orchestrator and again expose on esb.
Use esb as service delivery mechanism and web service broker and proxy. In composing a service orchestrator will use esb to reach interacting services. If these interacting services use incompatible xml schemas esb can transform/map them to common schema in runtime and route service requests based on the content, e.g. namespace. |
345,749 | **Is an Enterprise Service Bus** (a tool that acts as a mediator, a message broker, a service enabler, schema transformation enhancer, transparent location provider, service aggregator, load balancer, monitor, and all that stuff) **responsible to orchestrate services**?
What about putting an automated business business process with more than thousand steps and dozens of service invocations inside your enterprise service bus?
Would you do it, or would you use a specialist in orchestration such as a BPEL engine?
Please gimme you opinion. | 2008/12/06 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/345749",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/21370/"
] | Now my own vision.
Regarding all the work an ESB has to do, putting service orchestration inside the main infrastructure element of your SOA is not a good idea.
Aggregate, ok! But keeping your communication channel busy with business logic will, for sure, cause a terrible impact in the ability to delivery other features.
After all, **most ESBs** such as as BEA Aqualogic Service have a **limited support for orchestration** including **lack of stateful** capabilities, and activities like wait (a timer) or pick (wait for some input to move on the process), split/join capabilities (already added on ALSB 3.0), and so on.
No way. Just use tools like a BPEL engine or a tool like Weblogic Integration.
Thanks. | An Enterprise Service Bus should never be responsible for orchestrating services.
Orchestration implies a minimum of "smarts", specifically the ability to compensate for failed transactions. Service bus tools will often say they offer "try-catch" or something like that but the ability to run scoped componsation is the mark of a proper orchestration tool. Additionally the ability to wait, know its own state, or keep things in suspense is another indicator that you're dealing with an orchestrator and not a bus.
Speaking to 1000+ steps plus dozens of services, consider the if-then's in the process. If all the if-then statements in your 1000 steps speak only to routing with no change to the payloads then you're still in "routing" and therefore still in ESB. But if there's even one *nested* if-then and I start to look for different tools. Aside, if-thens that look like routing can very quickly impact business logic. Once business logic starts showing up then a better language such as BPEL or BPMN is better.
The example of an orchestra conductor is often given to describe how orchestration works, a central individual directing the musicians according to a score. Often what's left off is the idea that the conductor is not only directing, but listening as well, and if something goes wrong can compensate in a reliable, repeatable way.
For instance imagine our first conductor goes to bring in the tuba player but said tuba player has decided to go do something else. A simple pinball-style "orchestrator" will bring in the tuba section, knowing full well it isn't there, and then wait for the audience to complain later. A really savvy conductor would see the tuba gone, and immediately bring up the deeper baritone horns to compensate. |
345,749 | **Is an Enterprise Service Bus** (a tool that acts as a mediator, a message broker, a service enabler, schema transformation enhancer, transparent location provider, service aggregator, load balancer, monitor, and all that stuff) **responsible to orchestrate services**?
What about putting an automated business business process with more than thousand steps and dozens of service invocations inside your enterprise service bus?
Would you do it, or would you use a specialist in orchestration such as a BPEL engine?
Please gimme you opinion. | 2008/12/06 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/345749",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/21370/"
] | Yes and no. There's a thin, and sometimes indistinguishable line between orchestration and aggregation/service augmentation.
In general, if you've got any long-running or complex business process (process being the key word, although I'm going to avoid defining it) - that's best suited to BPEL.
Simple tasks, such as aggregating the results of three service calls, could and often should be done in an ESB layer.
It's not worth losing too much sleep over, though
Disclaimer: I am an IBM ESB consultant, although I'm not writing this in an official capacity. | Whenever you have two or more services that interact use service orchestrator, i.e. for composition and process control services. If you have esb expose this composition service on esb. Now if you have to compose new service that includes this composition service use orchestrator and again expose on esb.
Use esb as service delivery mechanism and web service broker and proxy. In composing a service orchestrator will use esb to reach interacting services. If these interacting services use incompatible xml schemas esb can transform/map them to common schema in runtime and route service requests based on the content, e.g. namespace. |
345,749 | **Is an Enterprise Service Bus** (a tool that acts as a mediator, a message broker, a service enabler, schema transformation enhancer, transparent location provider, service aggregator, load balancer, monitor, and all that stuff) **responsible to orchestrate services**?
What about putting an automated business business process with more than thousand steps and dozens of service invocations inside your enterprise service bus?
Would you do it, or would you use a specialist in orchestration such as a BPEL engine?
Please gimme you opinion. | 2008/12/06 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/345749",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/21370/"
] | Whenever you have two or more services that interact use service orchestrator, i.e. for composition and process control services. If you have esb expose this composition service on esb. Now if you have to compose new service that includes this composition service use orchestrator and again expose on esb.
Use esb as service delivery mechanism and web service broker and proxy. In composing a service orchestrator will use esb to reach interacting services. If these interacting services use incompatible xml schemas esb can transform/map them to common schema in runtime and route service requests based on the content, e.g. namespace. | An Enterprise Service Bus should never be responsible for orchestrating services.
Orchestration implies a minimum of "smarts", specifically the ability to compensate for failed transactions. Service bus tools will often say they offer "try-catch" or something like that but the ability to run scoped componsation is the mark of a proper orchestration tool. Additionally the ability to wait, know its own state, or keep things in suspense is another indicator that you're dealing with an orchestrator and not a bus.
Speaking to 1000+ steps plus dozens of services, consider the if-then's in the process. If all the if-then statements in your 1000 steps speak only to routing with no change to the payloads then you're still in "routing" and therefore still in ESB. But if there's even one *nested* if-then and I start to look for different tools. Aside, if-thens that look like routing can very quickly impact business logic. Once business logic starts showing up then a better language such as BPEL or BPMN is better.
The example of an orchestra conductor is often given to describe how orchestration works, a central individual directing the musicians according to a score. Often what's left off is the idea that the conductor is not only directing, but listening as well, and if something goes wrong can compensate in a reliable, repeatable way.
For instance imagine our first conductor goes to bring in the tuba player but said tuba player has decided to go do something else. A simple pinball-style "orchestrator" will bring in the tuba section, knowing full well it isn't there, and then wait for the audience to complain later. A really savvy conductor would see the tuba gone, and immediately bring up the deeper baritone horns to compensate. |
32,072,682 | What is the best and commonly used datasource for an iOS Application?
I am a .NET developer and want to use mssql server for database. Any suggestion on that? webservices, xml providers, etc... | 2015/08/18 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/32072682",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/673707/"
] | Just about every mobile app that deals with databases uses [SQLite](https://www.sqlite.org/). There are many tutorials on it. | The CoreData Framework, which is the iOS DeFacto DataStore utilises SQLite. Lot's of support and tutorials on it online. |
7,972,122 | Is there any formula to calculate the frequency (or frequencys) of a signal that is bad sampled?
For example, what's the output of an analog signal with F=22Khz when it's sampled at 25Khz, or 10Khz?
EDIT:
In this example, the sampled signal (on the right) have a different frequency than the original one, because it was bad sampled (Fs is minor than 2\*F)
My question is: is there any formula to know what's the frequency of this 20kHz signal, sampled at 30kHz? | 2011/11/01 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/7972122",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/538339/"
] | Unless the bandwidth of the signal is less than half the sampling rate, you lose information during sampling and generally can't distinguish frequencies after that due to [aliasing](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyquist_frequency#The_aliasing_problem).
See [Undersampling](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undersampling) for more details about sampling at rates lower than twice the maximum signal frequency.
There's no simple formula that can give you the spectral content of a signal or the main frequency. In general you need to calculate a [Discrete Fourier Transform](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrete_Fourier_transform) of the sampled signal to find that out. If you're interested in whether or not there's a specific frequency, or how strong it is, you can calculate DFT at that frequency. The [Goertzel algorithm](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goertzel_algorithm) can be an option.
**EDIT:** a signal at frequency f such that fsample/2 <= f < fsample will alias to f\* = fsample - f, hence a 20KHz sine wave sampled at 30KHz will appear as a 10KHz sine wave.
In general frequencies above the fsample/2 can be observed in the sampled signal, but their frequency is ambiguous. That is, a frequency component with frequency f cannot be distinguished from other components with frequencies N\*fsample/2 + f and N\*fsample/2 – f for nonzero integers N. This ambiguity is called aliasing[\*](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampling_%28signal_processing%29#Theory). | Assuming a constant sampling rate, any sampling will alias together spectral content from below and above the sampling rate. If you have frequency content on both sides of the sampling rate that you don't want combined, you will have to filter one or the other frequency band Out before the sampling, or you will have a problem. For instance a low-pass filter which only passes signals below Fs/2, or a bandpass filter that only passes signals strictly between n\*Fs/2 and (n+1)\*Fs/2 for some integer n, might be appropriate.
Note that the accuracy of the sampling rate must be higher (lower jitter) for n > 0. Lack of this lower jitter would be an example of bad sampling that would add random phase noise. |
7,972,122 | Is there any formula to calculate the frequency (or frequencys) of a signal that is bad sampled?
For example, what's the output of an analog signal with F=22Khz when it's sampled at 25Khz, or 10Khz?
EDIT:
In this example, the sampled signal (on the right) have a different frequency than the original one, because it was bad sampled (Fs is minor than 2\*F)
My question is: is there any formula to know what's the frequency of this 20kHz signal, sampled at 30kHz? | 2011/11/01 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/7972122",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/538339/"
] | Unless the bandwidth of the signal is less than half the sampling rate, you lose information during sampling and generally can't distinguish frequencies after that due to [aliasing](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyquist_frequency#The_aliasing_problem).
See [Undersampling](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Undersampling) for more details about sampling at rates lower than twice the maximum signal frequency.
There's no simple formula that can give you the spectral content of a signal or the main frequency. In general you need to calculate a [Discrete Fourier Transform](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discrete_Fourier_transform) of the sampled signal to find that out. If you're interested in whether or not there's a specific frequency, or how strong it is, you can calculate DFT at that frequency. The [Goertzel algorithm](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goertzel_algorithm) can be an option.
**EDIT:** a signal at frequency f such that fsample/2 <= f < fsample will alias to f\* = fsample - f, hence a 20KHz sine wave sampled at 30KHz will appear as a 10KHz sine wave.
In general frequencies above the fsample/2 can be observed in the sampled signal, but their frequency is ambiguous. That is, a frequency component with frequency f cannot be distinguished from other components with frequencies N\*fsample/2 + f and N\*fsample/2 – f for nonzero integers N. This ambiguity is called aliasing[\*](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampling_%28signal_processing%29#Theory). | No any formula to know what's the frequency of 20kHz signal, sampled at 30kHz. But it is a fact that the frequency of undersampled signal will be reflected about Nyquist frequency. In your example 30 kHz means that Nyquist frequency is about 15 KHz, that is not enough to record original signal (20KHz) correctly, only 15 kHz of it distributed, another 5 KHz (reminder after distribution of 15 KHZ) during reflection about Nyquist frequency appear in position 15-5=10 KHz. This is final ansver. The frequency of sampled signal will be equal 10 kHz in your case |
93,132 | There's this thing that is really bothering me and so far I can't make it work. I've taken like 10 singing lessons so far and the teacher keeps telling me that when I sing notes that start to go "high" and maybe frighten me I do not push out enough air and the sound and notes stay on the back of my mouth, without getting out with the power they should. And this is not good for the throat because it feels that I kind of hold back the sound to reach the high notes.
To be clear, I'm not talking about impossibly high notes, but it seems that when I know I have to go out of a "safe range" I hold back the air. I reach the note, but not with the tone/volume/power that I had for the others.
It's hard to explain, but I do feel the sensation of what she means: is like the sound stays in the back of the throat instead of fully going out. The problem is, I can't find a way to fix this.
My teacher is trying to tell me in different ways how to overcome this, like "do not think you have to reach a high note, don't think about the pentagram, think of the notes as one after another on a line", or, from a more "physical" point of view, she told me once to "open your mouth in vertical, open up the throat", but I really can't prevent this, it's like an automatic thing that I do because I've always sung like that by myself, never knowing the right way to do it.
Does anyone have some advice that I can try, that worked for you maybe? Both mental or physical. I'm looking for something that I can use when I practice at home, when I don't have anyone to tell me if I'm doing it wrong or not. | 2019/12/15 | [
"https://music.stackexchange.com/questions/93132",
"https://music.stackexchange.com",
"https://music.stackexchange.com/users/63963/"
] | Your teacher is right. There’s a great deal of technics of singing that can be reached by imagination.
* Imagine you are standing on a higher pitch than the tone you are going to sing.
* imagine your voice is like fountain, the air is the water jet, the tone is a ping pong ball.
* imagine the tone is a thread and have to lead it through the eye of a needle.
* Imagine you are a wulf that howls at the full moon
* Imagine you are a rockstar or you are on stage singing an Aria in an opera
* always practice higher notes first by *ee, you, me, nee,* experimenting with vocals, voicing consonants.
Pictures like these and similar imaginations you can invent yourself and develop your voice and improve your singing abilities. There are no limits of experiments and discoveries. You don’t have only to develop your voice but also your phantasy. | seriously the only thing that worked for me with singing was doing exercises daily. Singing scales, scale fragments, arpeggios on "oo" or "aa", and stick with it. Just do it, accept there will be better and worse days, and just keep doing it. Never strain (at least it should never be painful) and just give it time. My usable range extended by more than an octave and is still doing so, to a point I would never have thought possible.
I started mostly on those basic exercises, and experimented with various things like "nay nay nay" and so on - after a while you start realising where the difficult parts of teh instrument are, and focusing on what options you have to mitigate them. But it takes time (in my case some years, admittedly I was a bit on/off sometimes but maybe the breaks helped a bit in fact) - you have to be in it for the long haul.
I can't think really of any moment when I could "think myself through problems". There were certain insights at different times but all as a result of regular practice and just trying to do basic things well.
The voice is a very challenging but also very rewarding instrument. I'm still figuring it out. Good luck. |
93,132 | There's this thing that is really bothering me and so far I can't make it work. I've taken like 10 singing lessons so far and the teacher keeps telling me that when I sing notes that start to go "high" and maybe frighten me I do not push out enough air and the sound and notes stay on the back of my mouth, without getting out with the power they should. And this is not good for the throat because it feels that I kind of hold back the sound to reach the high notes.
To be clear, I'm not talking about impossibly high notes, but it seems that when I know I have to go out of a "safe range" I hold back the air. I reach the note, but not with the tone/volume/power that I had for the others.
It's hard to explain, but I do feel the sensation of what she means: is like the sound stays in the back of the throat instead of fully going out. The problem is, I can't find a way to fix this.
My teacher is trying to tell me in different ways how to overcome this, like "do not think you have to reach a high note, don't think about the pentagram, think of the notes as one after another on a line", or, from a more "physical" point of view, she told me once to "open your mouth in vertical, open up the throat", but I really can't prevent this, it's like an automatic thing that I do because I've always sung like that by myself, never knowing the right way to do it.
Does anyone have some advice that I can try, that worked for you maybe? Both mental or physical. I'm looking for something that I can use when I practice at home, when I don't have anyone to tell me if I'm doing it wrong or not. | 2019/12/15 | [
"https://music.stackexchange.com/questions/93132",
"https://music.stackexchange.com",
"https://music.stackexchange.com/users/63963/"
] | Observe a professional singer. Preferably a big, over-the-top, expansive opera singer. Here's three of them!
Now, don't worry about the musical aspect of what they're doing. Just copy their style. Parody it. Show off. ACT being a singer.
You might be surprised what comes out! | seriously the only thing that worked for me with singing was doing exercises daily. Singing scales, scale fragments, arpeggios on "oo" or "aa", and stick with it. Just do it, accept there will be better and worse days, and just keep doing it. Never strain (at least it should never be painful) and just give it time. My usable range extended by more than an octave and is still doing so, to a point I would never have thought possible.
I started mostly on those basic exercises, and experimented with various things like "nay nay nay" and so on - after a while you start realising where the difficult parts of teh instrument are, and focusing on what options you have to mitigate them. But it takes time (in my case some years, admittedly I was a bit on/off sometimes but maybe the breaks helped a bit in fact) - you have to be in it for the long haul.
I can't think really of any moment when I could "think myself through problems". There were certain insights at different times but all as a result of regular practice and just trying to do basic things well.
The voice is a very challenging but also very rewarding instrument. I'm still figuring it out. Good luck. |
93,132 | There's this thing that is really bothering me and so far I can't make it work. I've taken like 10 singing lessons so far and the teacher keeps telling me that when I sing notes that start to go "high" and maybe frighten me I do not push out enough air and the sound and notes stay on the back of my mouth, without getting out with the power they should. And this is not good for the throat because it feels that I kind of hold back the sound to reach the high notes.
To be clear, I'm not talking about impossibly high notes, but it seems that when I know I have to go out of a "safe range" I hold back the air. I reach the note, but not with the tone/volume/power that I had for the others.
It's hard to explain, but I do feel the sensation of what she means: is like the sound stays in the back of the throat instead of fully going out. The problem is, I can't find a way to fix this.
My teacher is trying to tell me in different ways how to overcome this, like "do not think you have to reach a high note, don't think about the pentagram, think of the notes as one after another on a line", or, from a more "physical" point of view, she told me once to "open your mouth in vertical, open up the throat", but I really can't prevent this, it's like an automatic thing that I do because I've always sung like that by myself, never knowing the right way to do it.
Does anyone have some advice that I can try, that worked for you maybe? Both mental or physical. I'm looking for something that I can use when I practice at home, when I don't have anyone to tell me if I'm doing it wrong or not. | 2019/12/15 | [
"https://music.stackexchange.com/questions/93132",
"https://music.stackexchange.com",
"https://music.stackexchange.com/users/63963/"
] | seriously the only thing that worked for me with singing was doing exercises daily. Singing scales, scale fragments, arpeggios on "oo" or "aa", and stick with it. Just do it, accept there will be better and worse days, and just keep doing it. Never strain (at least it should never be painful) and just give it time. My usable range extended by more than an octave and is still doing so, to a point I would never have thought possible.
I started mostly on those basic exercises, and experimented with various things like "nay nay nay" and so on - after a while you start realising where the difficult parts of teh instrument are, and focusing on what options you have to mitigate them. But it takes time (in my case some years, admittedly I was a bit on/off sometimes but maybe the breaks helped a bit in fact) - you have to be in it for the long haul.
I can't think really of any moment when I could "think myself through problems". There were certain insights at different times but all as a result of regular practice and just trying to do basic things well.
The voice is a very challenging but also very rewarding instrument. I'm still figuring it out. Good luck. | My voice teacher has advised me in many great ways with keeping the voice "in the front" or "in the mask" or "out" as you say. **One important fact is that you are going to need facial muscles for keeping your voice in the front.** I am not an expert on the Latin names for the muscles but the smile is one way to begin. Actually you need the muscles a bit above the smile: I like to think they are those muscles near the cheekbones - they have to be kept active and "upwards" when you sing, otherwise your singing falls flat.
CVT (complete vocal technique) teachers like to talk about the twang. I do not know much about CVT but I like the idea to bring your voice more in the front with the twang technique. I myself like to think it like *a witch cackling loudly and in a very ugly voice, maybe even uglier through your nose + mouth.* That way you will get your voice more in the mask and more metallic. You may also notice that this activates the same "cheekbone" muscles I talked about earlier!
Another piece of advice is that **your singing should sound ugly to yourself through your inner ear**. This is because you hear your singing very differently compared to other people, because your singing resonates through the bones in your head. The uglier it sounds to you, the more you have found the resonators (bones and space) "in your head". If your singing sounds nice and beautiful to yourself through the inner ear, it most likely sounds dull and not metallic to others (try recording your voice too!). |
93,132 | There's this thing that is really bothering me and so far I can't make it work. I've taken like 10 singing lessons so far and the teacher keeps telling me that when I sing notes that start to go "high" and maybe frighten me I do not push out enough air and the sound and notes stay on the back of my mouth, without getting out with the power they should. And this is not good for the throat because it feels that I kind of hold back the sound to reach the high notes.
To be clear, I'm not talking about impossibly high notes, but it seems that when I know I have to go out of a "safe range" I hold back the air. I reach the note, but not with the tone/volume/power that I had for the others.
It's hard to explain, but I do feel the sensation of what she means: is like the sound stays in the back of the throat instead of fully going out. The problem is, I can't find a way to fix this.
My teacher is trying to tell me in different ways how to overcome this, like "do not think you have to reach a high note, don't think about the pentagram, think of the notes as one after another on a line", or, from a more "physical" point of view, she told me once to "open your mouth in vertical, open up the throat", but I really can't prevent this, it's like an automatic thing that I do because I've always sung like that by myself, never knowing the right way to do it.
Does anyone have some advice that I can try, that worked for you maybe? Both mental or physical. I'm looking for something that I can use when I practice at home, when I don't have anyone to tell me if I'm doing it wrong or not. | 2019/12/15 | [
"https://music.stackexchange.com/questions/93132",
"https://music.stackexchange.com",
"https://music.stackexchange.com/users/63963/"
] | Your teacher is right. There’s a great deal of technics of singing that can be reached by imagination.
* Imagine you are standing on a higher pitch than the tone you are going to sing.
* imagine your voice is like fountain, the air is the water jet, the tone is a ping pong ball.
* imagine the tone is a thread and have to lead it through the eye of a needle.
* Imagine you are a wulf that howls at the full moon
* Imagine you are a rockstar or you are on stage singing an Aria in an opera
* always practice higher notes first by *ee, you, me, nee,* experimenting with vocals, voicing consonants.
Pictures like these and similar imaginations you can invent yourself and develop your voice and improve your singing abilities. There are no limits of experiments and discoveries. You don’t have only to develop your voice but also your phantasy. | In addition to the other answers, one physical suggestion that helped me was to **smile** when singing; a big beaming smile seems to help bring the sound forward.
(I didn't generally find that the ‘Imagine…’ or other abstract suggestions helped me much. It was mostly a matter of learning how the various techniques *felt*, and then finding how to recreate them as needed. But everyone's different. And of course, two of the things that make singing so challenging are that everyone has a slightly different instrument, and no-one can really *see* it or what you're doing to it!) |
93,132 | There's this thing that is really bothering me and so far I can't make it work. I've taken like 10 singing lessons so far and the teacher keeps telling me that when I sing notes that start to go "high" and maybe frighten me I do not push out enough air and the sound and notes stay on the back of my mouth, without getting out with the power they should. And this is not good for the throat because it feels that I kind of hold back the sound to reach the high notes.
To be clear, I'm not talking about impossibly high notes, but it seems that when I know I have to go out of a "safe range" I hold back the air. I reach the note, but not with the tone/volume/power that I had for the others.
It's hard to explain, but I do feel the sensation of what she means: is like the sound stays in the back of the throat instead of fully going out. The problem is, I can't find a way to fix this.
My teacher is trying to tell me in different ways how to overcome this, like "do not think you have to reach a high note, don't think about the pentagram, think of the notes as one after another on a line", or, from a more "physical" point of view, she told me once to "open your mouth in vertical, open up the throat", but I really can't prevent this, it's like an automatic thing that I do because I've always sung like that by myself, never knowing the right way to do it.
Does anyone have some advice that I can try, that worked for you maybe? Both mental or physical. I'm looking for something that I can use when I practice at home, when I don't have anyone to tell me if I'm doing it wrong or not. | 2019/12/15 | [
"https://music.stackexchange.com/questions/93132",
"https://music.stackexchange.com",
"https://music.stackexchange.com/users/63963/"
] | Your teacher is right. There’s a great deal of technics of singing that can be reached by imagination.
* Imagine you are standing on a higher pitch than the tone you are going to sing.
* imagine your voice is like fountain, the air is the water jet, the tone is a ping pong ball.
* imagine the tone is a thread and have to lead it through the eye of a needle.
* Imagine you are a wulf that howls at the full moon
* Imagine you are a rockstar or you are on stage singing an Aria in an opera
* always practice higher notes first by *ee, you, me, nee,* experimenting with vocals, voicing consonants.
Pictures like these and similar imaginations you can invent yourself and develop your voice and improve your singing abilities. There are no limits of experiments and discoveries. You don’t have only to develop your voice but also your phantasy. | My voice teacher has advised me in many great ways with keeping the voice "in the front" or "in the mask" or "out" as you say. **One important fact is that you are going to need facial muscles for keeping your voice in the front.** I am not an expert on the Latin names for the muscles but the smile is one way to begin. Actually you need the muscles a bit above the smile: I like to think they are those muscles near the cheekbones - they have to be kept active and "upwards" when you sing, otherwise your singing falls flat.
CVT (complete vocal technique) teachers like to talk about the twang. I do not know much about CVT but I like the idea to bring your voice more in the front with the twang technique. I myself like to think it like *a witch cackling loudly and in a very ugly voice, maybe even uglier through your nose + mouth.* That way you will get your voice more in the mask and more metallic. You may also notice that this activates the same "cheekbone" muscles I talked about earlier!
Another piece of advice is that **your singing should sound ugly to yourself through your inner ear**. This is because you hear your singing very differently compared to other people, because your singing resonates through the bones in your head. The uglier it sounds to you, the more you have found the resonators (bones and space) "in your head". If your singing sounds nice and beautiful to yourself through the inner ear, it most likely sounds dull and not metallic to others (try recording your voice too!). |
93,132 | There's this thing that is really bothering me and so far I can't make it work. I've taken like 10 singing lessons so far and the teacher keeps telling me that when I sing notes that start to go "high" and maybe frighten me I do not push out enough air and the sound and notes stay on the back of my mouth, without getting out with the power they should. And this is not good for the throat because it feels that I kind of hold back the sound to reach the high notes.
To be clear, I'm not talking about impossibly high notes, but it seems that when I know I have to go out of a "safe range" I hold back the air. I reach the note, but not with the tone/volume/power that I had for the others.
It's hard to explain, but I do feel the sensation of what she means: is like the sound stays in the back of the throat instead of fully going out. The problem is, I can't find a way to fix this.
My teacher is trying to tell me in different ways how to overcome this, like "do not think you have to reach a high note, don't think about the pentagram, think of the notes as one after another on a line", or, from a more "physical" point of view, she told me once to "open your mouth in vertical, open up the throat", but I really can't prevent this, it's like an automatic thing that I do because I've always sung like that by myself, never knowing the right way to do it.
Does anyone have some advice that I can try, that worked for you maybe? Both mental or physical. I'm looking for something that I can use when I practice at home, when I don't have anyone to tell me if I'm doing it wrong or not. | 2019/12/15 | [
"https://music.stackexchange.com/questions/93132",
"https://music.stackexchange.com",
"https://music.stackexchange.com/users/63963/"
] | Observe a professional singer. Preferably a big, over-the-top, expansive opera singer. Here's three of them!
Now, don't worry about the musical aspect of what they're doing. Just copy their style. Parody it. Show off. ACT being a singer.
You might be surprised what comes out! | In addition to the other answers, one physical suggestion that helped me was to **smile** when singing; a big beaming smile seems to help bring the sound forward.
(I didn't generally find that the ‘Imagine…’ or other abstract suggestions helped me much. It was mostly a matter of learning how the various techniques *felt*, and then finding how to recreate them as needed. But everyone's different. And of course, two of the things that make singing so challenging are that everyone has a slightly different instrument, and no-one can really *see* it or what you're doing to it!) |
93,132 | There's this thing that is really bothering me and so far I can't make it work. I've taken like 10 singing lessons so far and the teacher keeps telling me that when I sing notes that start to go "high" and maybe frighten me I do not push out enough air and the sound and notes stay on the back of my mouth, without getting out with the power they should. And this is not good for the throat because it feels that I kind of hold back the sound to reach the high notes.
To be clear, I'm not talking about impossibly high notes, but it seems that when I know I have to go out of a "safe range" I hold back the air. I reach the note, but not with the tone/volume/power that I had for the others.
It's hard to explain, but I do feel the sensation of what she means: is like the sound stays in the back of the throat instead of fully going out. The problem is, I can't find a way to fix this.
My teacher is trying to tell me in different ways how to overcome this, like "do not think you have to reach a high note, don't think about the pentagram, think of the notes as one after another on a line", or, from a more "physical" point of view, she told me once to "open your mouth in vertical, open up the throat", but I really can't prevent this, it's like an automatic thing that I do because I've always sung like that by myself, never knowing the right way to do it.
Does anyone have some advice that I can try, that worked for you maybe? Both mental or physical. I'm looking for something that I can use when I practice at home, when I don't have anyone to tell me if I'm doing it wrong or not. | 2019/12/15 | [
"https://music.stackexchange.com/questions/93132",
"https://music.stackexchange.com",
"https://music.stackexchange.com/users/63963/"
] | In addition to the other answers, one physical suggestion that helped me was to **smile** when singing; a big beaming smile seems to help bring the sound forward.
(I didn't generally find that the ‘Imagine…’ or other abstract suggestions helped me much. It was mostly a matter of learning how the various techniques *felt*, and then finding how to recreate them as needed. But everyone's different. And of course, two of the things that make singing so challenging are that everyone has a slightly different instrument, and no-one can really *see* it or what you're doing to it!) | My voice teacher has advised me in many great ways with keeping the voice "in the front" or "in the mask" or "out" as you say. **One important fact is that you are going to need facial muscles for keeping your voice in the front.** I am not an expert on the Latin names for the muscles but the smile is one way to begin. Actually you need the muscles a bit above the smile: I like to think they are those muscles near the cheekbones - they have to be kept active and "upwards" when you sing, otherwise your singing falls flat.
CVT (complete vocal technique) teachers like to talk about the twang. I do not know much about CVT but I like the idea to bring your voice more in the front with the twang technique. I myself like to think it like *a witch cackling loudly and in a very ugly voice, maybe even uglier through your nose + mouth.* That way you will get your voice more in the mask and more metallic. You may also notice that this activates the same "cheekbone" muscles I talked about earlier!
Another piece of advice is that **your singing should sound ugly to yourself through your inner ear**. This is because you hear your singing very differently compared to other people, because your singing resonates through the bones in your head. The uglier it sounds to you, the more you have found the resonators (bones and space) "in your head". If your singing sounds nice and beautiful to yourself through the inner ear, it most likely sounds dull and not metallic to others (try recording your voice too!). |
93,132 | There's this thing that is really bothering me and so far I can't make it work. I've taken like 10 singing lessons so far and the teacher keeps telling me that when I sing notes that start to go "high" and maybe frighten me I do not push out enough air and the sound and notes stay on the back of my mouth, without getting out with the power they should. And this is not good for the throat because it feels that I kind of hold back the sound to reach the high notes.
To be clear, I'm not talking about impossibly high notes, but it seems that when I know I have to go out of a "safe range" I hold back the air. I reach the note, but not with the tone/volume/power that I had for the others.
It's hard to explain, but I do feel the sensation of what she means: is like the sound stays in the back of the throat instead of fully going out. The problem is, I can't find a way to fix this.
My teacher is trying to tell me in different ways how to overcome this, like "do not think you have to reach a high note, don't think about the pentagram, think of the notes as one after another on a line", or, from a more "physical" point of view, she told me once to "open your mouth in vertical, open up the throat", but I really can't prevent this, it's like an automatic thing that I do because I've always sung like that by myself, never knowing the right way to do it.
Does anyone have some advice that I can try, that worked for you maybe? Both mental or physical. I'm looking for something that I can use when I practice at home, when I don't have anyone to tell me if I'm doing it wrong or not. | 2019/12/15 | [
"https://music.stackexchange.com/questions/93132",
"https://music.stackexchange.com",
"https://music.stackexchange.com/users/63963/"
] | Observe a professional singer. Preferably a big, over-the-top, expansive opera singer. Here's three of them!
Now, don't worry about the musical aspect of what they're doing. Just copy their style. Parody it. Show off. ACT being a singer.
You might be surprised what comes out! | My voice teacher has advised me in many great ways with keeping the voice "in the front" or "in the mask" or "out" as you say. **One important fact is that you are going to need facial muscles for keeping your voice in the front.** I am not an expert on the Latin names for the muscles but the smile is one way to begin. Actually you need the muscles a bit above the smile: I like to think they are those muscles near the cheekbones - they have to be kept active and "upwards" when you sing, otherwise your singing falls flat.
CVT (complete vocal technique) teachers like to talk about the twang. I do not know much about CVT but I like the idea to bring your voice more in the front with the twang technique. I myself like to think it like *a witch cackling loudly and in a very ugly voice, maybe even uglier through your nose + mouth.* That way you will get your voice more in the mask and more metallic. You may also notice that this activates the same "cheekbone" muscles I talked about earlier!
Another piece of advice is that **your singing should sound ugly to yourself through your inner ear**. This is because you hear your singing very differently compared to other people, because your singing resonates through the bones in your head. The uglier it sounds to you, the more you have found the resonators (bones and space) "in your head". If your singing sounds nice and beautiful to yourself through the inner ear, it most likely sounds dull and not metallic to others (try recording your voice too!). |
10,714,190 | I'm creating a simple CMS software which doesn't have much data to be stored. I'm currently using mysql as my data provider and have a java application in the presentation layer. This CMS will be a standalone which means datacollection and processing will be done in a single computer.
I created a installer to install in my clients computers. But I need to setup mysql then the database as well. And my clients doesn't have sufficient IT knowledge to setup the databases themselves. So for each client I have to attend and install mysql server.
What I need is a way to integrate data-provider to the application without using mysql or any other sql or nosql server. So my clients can install it themselves using simple guided steps in installation wizards. | 2012/05/23 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/10714190",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1369940/"
] | You can use one of embedded db, like JavaDB (ex. Derby). Support of this database is added to JRE. So all your client need is installed JRE. And you get full relational database without any installation and other stuff setup. | You can try using [hsqldb](http://hsqldb.org/) or [sqlite db](http://www.sqlite.org/). These dbs can be bundled with the application in memory or can use a simple file as db. Hope it helps |
10,714,190 | I'm creating a simple CMS software which doesn't have much data to be stored. I'm currently using mysql as my data provider and have a java application in the presentation layer. This CMS will be a standalone which means datacollection and processing will be done in a single computer.
I created a installer to install in my clients computers. But I need to setup mysql then the database as well. And my clients doesn't have sufficient IT knowledge to setup the databases themselves. So for each client I have to attend and install mysql server.
What I need is a way to integrate data-provider to the application without using mysql or any other sql or nosql server. So my clients can install it themselves using simple guided steps in installation wizards. | 2012/05/23 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/10714190",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1369940/"
] | You can try using [hsqldb](http://hsqldb.org/) or [sqlite db](http://www.sqlite.org/). These dbs can be bundled with the application in memory or can use a simple file as db. Hope it helps | I found a good example here
<http://java.sun.com/developer/technicalArticles/J2SE/Desktop/javadb/>
thanks every one for help |
10,714,190 | I'm creating a simple CMS software which doesn't have much data to be stored. I'm currently using mysql as my data provider and have a java application in the presentation layer. This CMS will be a standalone which means datacollection and processing will be done in a single computer.
I created a installer to install in my clients computers. But I need to setup mysql then the database as well. And my clients doesn't have sufficient IT knowledge to setup the databases themselves. So for each client I have to attend and install mysql server.
What I need is a way to integrate data-provider to the application without using mysql or any other sql or nosql server. So my clients can install it themselves using simple guided steps in installation wizards. | 2012/05/23 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/10714190",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1369940/"
] | You can use one of embedded db, like JavaDB (ex. Derby). Support of this database is added to JRE. So all your client need is installed JRE. And you get full relational database without any installation and other stuff setup. | I found a good example here
<http://java.sun.com/developer/technicalArticles/J2SE/Desktop/javadb/>
thanks every one for help |
220,208 | The URL <http://www.routerlogin.net/> isn't working on an internal network when I try to access it via a wireless connection. Why is that? What is the best way to configure this router to be able to access the router via a wireless connection to manage it. | 2011/01/08 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/220208",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/4629/"
] | The router may not support wireless logins by default. Most routers require the feature be enabled via wired connection before accepting wireless access. | I got this error because I do not use my N300 as the primary DNS. If you temporarily change your networks settings to use the AP as your nameserver, then it is possible to connect. |
220,208 | The URL <http://www.routerlogin.net/> isn't working on an internal network when I try to access it via a wireless connection. Why is that? What is the best way to configure this router to be able to access the router via a wireless connection to manage it. | 2011/01/08 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/220208",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/4629/"
] | Have you got your DNS server set as the router? If you haven't, using the routers IP address will work just as well (it's often <http://192.168.1.1> but dependant on the router)
The way this works is that the router hijacks any requests to www.routerlogin.net and redirects them to the local router. If you haven't got your DNS server set to use the router, it can't hijack the request and redirect properly.
What do you get when you visit <http://www.routerlogin.net>? When I browse to that (on my non Netgear router) it bounces me off to Netgear's support home page. | I got this error because I do not use my N300 as the primary DNS. If you temporarily change your networks settings to use the AP as your nameserver, then it is possible to connect. |
220,208 | The URL <http://www.routerlogin.net/> isn't working on an internal network when I try to access it via a wireless connection. Why is that? What is the best way to configure this router to be able to access the router via a wireless connection to manage it. | 2011/01/08 | [
"https://serverfault.com/questions/220208",
"https://serverfault.com",
"https://serverfault.com/users/4629/"
] | I found the solutions, there is an option called: "Enable Wireless Isolation", it was checked, hindering the router via wireless. | I got this error because I do not use my N300 as the primary DNS. If you temporarily change your networks settings to use the AP as your nameserver, then it is possible to connect. |
8,963,946 | I want to make web apps. Should I start with a ASP MVC books or first with C# books, due ASP MVC is written in this language.
Thank you. | 2012/01/22 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/8963946",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/909974/"
] | Absolutely definitely and without any hesitation you should first learn the .NET framework by picking a CLS language such as C# or VB.NET before getting into ASP.NET MVC. Once you learn .NET, depending on your level of experience of web development in general you might start by learning the HTTP protocol and some markup such as HTML. I have seen many developers starting to work with ASP.NET MVC without knowing anything about the HTTP protocol which is at the base of every web application. Javascript comes next.
Once you are familiar with those concepts you could jump into ASP.NET MVC. At least that's the advice I can give you. If you have no experience with .NET and you start directly with ASP.NET MVC that would be very counter productive. | Yes, you should learn C# first. Especially if you have no prior programming language. If you already know an OO language, it might not be *that* important to study C# first, but I would definitely recommend you to read a book on it, or use tutorials and practice, before diving into MVC.
MVC is a framework. You write code for it in one of the .NET languages, such as C# or VB.NET. If you can't code C# at a basic level (or one of it's friends), MVC, the book and its examples, will make no sense to you. |
11,881,766 | I need to place help text below labels and finding it tricky getting the CSS correct for it.
I have created the jsfiddle below as an example.
The requirements are:
1. The label is left aligned
2. The help text is shown directly below it
3. The input and select controls appear on the same line
<http://jsfiddle.net/brendan_rice/paSR2/2/>
Can anyone help please? | 2012/08/09 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/11881766",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/76439/"
] | I don't know where you have changed Your product name. As per my knowledge you have to change the value of key 'Bundle name' in '<>-Info.plist' file. | I couldn't find any specific rules about the character set allowed in the Product Name, but I would keep it in ASCII just to be safe, and perform any customizations to the name using Bundle Display Name (and/or Bundle Name) in your Info.plist file. This would let you have a different application name for different user languages (I'm assuming you want localized app name(s)).
As to what is actually causing your app to crash, it could be that bundle paths are mangled because you have non-ASCII characters in the product name, but I don't have proof of that. Try the suggestion above and see if it works for you. |
11,921 | I just bought Left for dead 2 in the recent Steam sale and thought I'd try single player first. However trying to play the first campaign I always find my AI team mates stop defending themselves or attacking zombies at the start of the 2nd level. Which makes it seriously hard to keep them alive.
Has anyone else experienced this and know a solution? | 2010/12/01 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/11921",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/3835/"
] | In my experience, that's just how they are. Just ignore them as much as you can (impossible to ignore completely), and rescue them when necessary. 'least, that's how I usually treat it. | AI in Left 4 Dead 2 is not bad but pretty limited compared to an human. If you can, try playing with friends or other unknown player.
It is much more fun and no frustration due to strange bot behavior. |
11,921 | I just bought Left for dead 2 in the recent Steam sale and thought I'd try single player first. However trying to play the first campaign I always find my AI team mates stop defending themselves or attacking zombies at the start of the 2nd level. Which makes it seriously hard to keep them alive.
Has anyone else experienced this and know a solution? | 2010/12/01 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/11921",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/3835/"
] | In my experience, that's just how they are. Just ignore them as much as you can (impossible to ignore completely), and rescue them when necessary. 'least, that's how I usually treat it. | The AI should shoot and defend along with you. This just happened with the latest patch. Do not believe they just hang out, or this is not normal. I have been playing this game for as long as it have been out, and this just started happening. |
11,921 | I just bought Left for dead 2 in the recent Steam sale and thought I'd try single player first. However trying to play the first campaign I always find my AI team mates stop defending themselves or attacking zombies at the start of the 2nd level. Which makes it seriously hard to keep them alive.
Has anyone else experienced this and know a solution? | 2010/12/01 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/11921",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/3835/"
] | In my experience, that's just how they are. Just ignore them as much as you can (impossible to ignore completely), and rescue them when necessary. 'least, that's how I usually treat it. | The fix that worked for me is quitting the game and starting it again but sometimes these bots are a pain and I hate that they cause me to lose progress. |
11,921 | I just bought Left for dead 2 in the recent Steam sale and thought I'd try single player first. However trying to play the first campaign I always find my AI team mates stop defending themselves or attacking zombies at the start of the 2nd level. Which makes it seriously hard to keep them alive.
Has anyone else experienced this and know a solution? | 2010/12/01 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/11921",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/3835/"
] | Do this
1. On your Steam Library, right click on L4D2 and click on Properties
2. Go to the Local Files Tab, and then click on Verify Integrity of the Game files
3. Now you just wait for it and if something is wrong it should fix it and redownload the corrupted files. | AI in Left 4 Dead 2 is not bad but pretty limited compared to an human. If you can, try playing with friends or other unknown player.
It is much more fun and no frustration due to strange bot behavior. |
11,921 | I just bought Left for dead 2 in the recent Steam sale and thought I'd try single player first. However trying to play the first campaign I always find my AI team mates stop defending themselves or attacking zombies at the start of the 2nd level. Which makes it seriously hard to keep them alive.
Has anyone else experienced this and know a solution? | 2010/12/01 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/11921",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/3835/"
] | Do this
1. On your Steam Library, right click on L4D2 and click on Properties
2. Go to the Local Files Tab, and then click on Verify Integrity of the Game files
3. Now you just wait for it and if something is wrong it should fix it and redownload the corrupted files. | The AI should shoot and defend along with you. This just happened with the latest patch. Do not believe they just hang out, or this is not normal. I have been playing this game for as long as it have been out, and this just started happening. |
11,921 | I just bought Left for dead 2 in the recent Steam sale and thought I'd try single player first. However trying to play the first campaign I always find my AI team mates stop defending themselves or attacking zombies at the start of the 2nd level. Which makes it seriously hard to keep them alive.
Has anyone else experienced this and know a solution? | 2010/12/01 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/11921",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/3835/"
] | Do this
1. On your Steam Library, right click on L4D2 and click on Properties
2. Go to the Local Files Tab, and then click on Verify Integrity of the Game files
3. Now you just wait for it and if something is wrong it should fix it and redownload the corrupted files. | The fix that worked for me is quitting the game and starting it again but sometimes these bots are a pain and I hate that they cause me to lose progress. |
7,051,574 | I am trying to implement a video retrieval system and I need to first extract key frames from a video, ideally I want to have a library for automatically detecting those key frames, one key frame from each shot. Bonus if I can configure which key frame to extract(first, middle, or last of the continuous frames in a shot).
Is there an open source implementation for this? | 2011/08/13 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/7051574",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/587617/"
] | What you're after is called shot segmentation. While it's a pretty active research area, I think you're unlikely to find any complete libraries that solve the problem for you out-of-the-box. Your best option may be reading up on the topic, selecting an approach that best fits your requirements and coding it up yourself.
One approach is to calculate the chi-squared distance between the color histograms of adjacent frames. When this distance rises above a user-specified threshold, you are at a shot boundary. The approach is explained in [this paper](http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=719786):
>
> A. Nagasaka and Y. Tanaka, "Automatic video indexing and full-video
> search for object appearances", Journal of Information Processing
> archive, Volume 15, Issue 2 (1992), Page 316
>
>
>
I've played around with it, with some success. Notable failures are sudden light changes within a single shot (caused by camera flash, etc) and blending shot changes.
Once you know the shot boundaries, picking a keyframe from each shot will be trivial, as other people have pointed out. | The ffmpeg lib (included in openCV) can seek to a keyframe with av\_seek\_frame()
see [FFMPEG reading keyframes](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6316407/ffmpeg-reading-keyframes) |
7,051,574 | I am trying to implement a video retrieval system and I need to first extract key frames from a video, ideally I want to have a library for automatically detecting those key frames, one key frame from each shot. Bonus if I can configure which key frame to extract(first, middle, or last of the continuous frames in a shot).
Is there an open source implementation for this? | 2011/08/13 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/7051574",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/587617/"
] | The ffmpeg lib (included in openCV) can seek to a keyframe with av\_seek\_frame()
see [FFMPEG reading keyframes](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6316407/ffmpeg-reading-keyframes) | If you have as an input an uncompressed video, you can download the ffmpeg from [www.ffmpeg.org] and use this executable to decompress your video stream into its frames.
Subsequently, in order to detect your shot boundaries you have to extract some features from the video keyframes. An efficient technique for shot boundary detection is proposed in [MediaMixer Deliverable, D1.1.2](http://www.mediamixer.eu/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/D1.1.2-final_Update1.pdf). In addition, in MediaMixer Webinars you can find the lecture [“Fragmenting your Media Assets meaningfully – media analysis for fragment detection and extraction”](http://videolectures.net/mediamixer_mezaris_media_assets/) where this shot-boundary detection implementation is presented, while you can also visit the MediaMixer demonstrator [http://www.mediamixer.eu/automatic-fragmentation-and-annotation-for-improved-access-to-lecture-videos/] where the results of video shot segmentation and concept detection are visualized. |
7,051,574 | I am trying to implement a video retrieval system and I need to first extract key frames from a video, ideally I want to have a library for automatically detecting those key frames, one key frame from each shot. Bonus if I can configure which key frame to extract(first, middle, or last of the continuous frames in a shot).
Is there an open source implementation for this? | 2011/08/13 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/7051574",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/587617/"
] | What you're after is called shot segmentation. While it's a pretty active research area, I think you're unlikely to find any complete libraries that solve the problem for you out-of-the-box. Your best option may be reading up on the topic, selecting an approach that best fits your requirements and coding it up yourself.
One approach is to calculate the chi-squared distance between the color histograms of adjacent frames. When this distance rises above a user-specified threshold, you are at a shot boundary. The approach is explained in [this paper](http://dl.acm.org/citation.cfm?id=719786):
>
> A. Nagasaka and Y. Tanaka, "Automatic video indexing and full-video
> search for object appearances", Journal of Information Processing
> archive, Volume 15, Issue 2 (1992), Page 316
>
>
>
I've played around with it, with some success. Notable failures are sudden light changes within a single shot (caused by camera flash, etc) and blending shot changes.
Once you know the shot boundaries, picking a keyframe from each shot will be trivial, as other people have pointed out. | If you have as an input an uncompressed video, you can download the ffmpeg from [www.ffmpeg.org] and use this executable to decompress your video stream into its frames.
Subsequently, in order to detect your shot boundaries you have to extract some features from the video keyframes. An efficient technique for shot boundary detection is proposed in [MediaMixer Deliverable, D1.1.2](http://www.mediamixer.eu/wordpress/wp-content/uploads/2012/11/D1.1.2-final_Update1.pdf). In addition, in MediaMixer Webinars you can find the lecture [“Fragmenting your Media Assets meaningfully – media analysis for fragment detection and extraction”](http://videolectures.net/mediamixer_mezaris_media_assets/) where this shot-boundary detection implementation is presented, while you can also visit the MediaMixer demonstrator [http://www.mediamixer.eu/automatic-fragmentation-and-annotation-for-improved-access-to-lecture-videos/] where the results of video shot segmentation and concept detection are visualized. |
235,457 | In my school, there is a trend of using computer software for teaching a first course in Chemistry for undergraduate students. I hypothesized that the use of this tool could make the students achieve better scores than without this help. So far what I have done is the following:
* I chose two groups, both of them were going to follow the same topics. Only in one of them the use of the computer software was commendatory.
* I make an entrance test about basic chemistry knowledge to both groups and approximately 100 percent of both classes failed that examination.
* I had compiled the results of the mid-term exam and the final exam of both groups and I have seen an increase in the final marks of the group that was using the computerized tool.
I have read that this seems like a quasi experiment. I have gathered some information about this techniques, but apart from the basic stuff I am a little bit lost of what statistical techniques should I perform to gather a conclusion that this software tool should be encouraged to be used.
I have performed a hypothesis test, but I believe this is not enough. Any advice? My statistics knowledge is very basic. | 2016/09/17 | [
"https://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/235457",
"https://stats.stackexchange.com",
"https://stats.stackexchange.com/users/69395/"
] | The **central question** is whether you assigned students completely **at random** to the experimental groups.
**If yes** you can use a standard test for independent samples to assess the significance of the group difference. This is probably the hypothesis test that you have already done.
**If no**, it is indeed a quasi experiment also called a non-randomized experiment or broken experiment.
There are many statistical techniques available to correct for selective assignment including propensity score techniques, regression technqiues, and combinations of both.
The central question you need to answer to use these techniques is whether you *know* what caused the assignment to groups. Were certain students assigned to the computerized group (e.g. older/younger, better/worse, male/female, richer/poorer, smaller/taller....)? And do you have data on the variables determining the assignment? Then you need to adjust for the imbalance in these covariates using one of the above mentioned techniques.
The easiest, albeit not 'best', adjustment method is Analysis of Covariance, a regression technique which comes with the assumptions of linearity and normality in small samples. You can imagine it like a t-test where in addition you control for the confounding variables you identified as the responsible one for the treatment group assignment. Standard software packages like Excel, Stata, Spss, SAS or R have easy to use implementations of this technique.
Since you say that your statistics knowledge is very basic collaborating with a skilled analyst may be a good additional option in this situation, because the less basic techniques involving propensity scores can get a bit complicated. | please try propensity score matching ..here's a simple tutorial for you <http://web.hku.hk/~bcowling/examples/propensity.htm>
ideally you divvy up the groups (like you have already tried) and ID different attributes of the students in both the groups , perform a logistic regression on both groups. For e.g. if you ID attributes like "score in maths" A and "score in science" B and score in chem is C then your equation would be something like C = xA+yB, which after logistic regression on different samples should give you coeffecient values of x and y .. post that you apply these very coeffecients to both the data sets and compare the mean/median ..what this would tell us is that due to A and B scores in C went up or down and that there's no bias in the test since all students are equally likely to be administered the computerized chem course .. if this is confusing, please read the tutorial above ..it does a better job |
97,687 | I accepted job offer based on agreed two weeks paid vacation available year one. When I received written job offer from recruiter that negotiated on my behalf job offer stated "vacation per employee handbook". I asked recruiter to request copy of employee handbook to verify. She was not able to obtain employee handbook and encouraged me to sign offer as time was of the essence.
Upon starting I read through employee handbook which stated standard vacation was one week available after successful completion of one year of employment, unless otherwise agreed. I immediately sent HR an email stating it was agreed I would be provided two weeks and wanted clarification. I met with HR and she provided me verbal that as an "experienced salaried professional" I was entitled to the two weeks as agreed in job offer negotiations. I failed to pursue written documentation and after noticing my pay stubs do not reference vacation balance HR conveniently does not remember our discussion. She is telling me the decision will be up to the new company president who was not involved in my hiring process.
I contacted the recruiter and they do not have any documentation either. The only documented proof of discrepancy is the email I sent to HR on my 3rd day of employment. What rights or options do I have at this point? | 2017/08/23 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/97687",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/75990/"
] | Really the only move you have at this point is to talk to your boss, not HR, about this. Tell him or her what you were promised and that they didn't give you want was negotiated and that this is a deal breaker for you and you will need to find another job. Let him/her work the system for you with the new CEO if he wants to keep you.
**However, the problem with this tactic is that you need to have already proven your value to your boss and you need to be aware that they may call your bluff and you will have to resign.** For some bosses there is a possibility that they will release you on the spot,(so be prepared to face this as a consequence if you choose to do this), but most managers know that they want to keep employees who are producing and making them happy is a key part of that. | *Disclaimer: I am not a lawyer. This is a legal question. We do not answer legal questions like this on here. That being said...*
1. You should ask your current boss to see if he/she can intervene on your behalf. If that option works, then so be it, you do not need to move on to step 2.
2. You should nail down what was said and follow any verbal interaction you have with her with an actual email confirming any of the details that are important to you.
>
> As per our conversation yesterday, below is the actual email
> I had actually sent you at the time.
>
>
> Hopefully, since I am the only one who claims to remember exactly what your verbal response was, I would ask that you give me the benefit of the doubt and give me the two weeks of vacation originally requested.
>
>
>
Now of course, she could deny what she said recently, or she could deny your interpretation of what she said recently, but it's important to nail down what was said (even if she disagrees with it).
Because whether this matter is pursued with the CEO (or later on in some other venue), having an actual written record of the actual disagreement is very important (because for all you know, a week or two from now, her memory of the events could shift even more).
Should something like this happen again, just cross out the relevant part in the contract, write in what was discussed, put your initials next to it, and send it back saying in your cover letter that you haven't received the employee handbook yet, so that you've crossed that part out, and that you've amended the contract to what was agreed during the interview.
The idea is that you should never ask permission to formalize something that was already discussed and already agreed upon, you should just change it yourself, initial it or email it, and bring the change to their attention (to make sure you can't be accused of hiding that change retroactively in the contract). |
97,687 | I accepted job offer based on agreed two weeks paid vacation available year one. When I received written job offer from recruiter that negotiated on my behalf job offer stated "vacation per employee handbook". I asked recruiter to request copy of employee handbook to verify. She was not able to obtain employee handbook and encouraged me to sign offer as time was of the essence.
Upon starting I read through employee handbook which stated standard vacation was one week available after successful completion of one year of employment, unless otherwise agreed. I immediately sent HR an email stating it was agreed I would be provided two weeks and wanted clarification. I met with HR and she provided me verbal that as an "experienced salaried professional" I was entitled to the two weeks as agreed in job offer negotiations. I failed to pursue written documentation and after noticing my pay stubs do not reference vacation balance HR conveniently does not remember our discussion. She is telling me the decision will be up to the new company president who was not involved in my hiring process.
I contacted the recruiter and they do not have any documentation either. The only documented proof of discrepancy is the email I sent to HR on my 3rd day of employment. What rights or options do I have at this point? | 2017/08/23 | [
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/questions/97687",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com",
"https://workplace.stackexchange.com/users/75990/"
] | You made several mistakes
### Mistake 1
Don't go to HR. As we are fond to say around here, HR is not your friend. Going to your new boss would have been better and then he could have helped you clarify it as well as having a witness, but even better would be...
### Mistake 2
Never sign a contract or employment agreement unless it contains **everything** you agreed to. Ever.
### Mistake 3
Verbal agreements are worth the paper they're written on. When HR told you verbally, she didn't really do anything other than expel some air. **HR does NOTHING unless it's in writing**. Their main job is paperwork so for them to promise something without paperwork means absolutely nothing. And I do mean paperwork where possible. They're a lot harder to deny than an email.
---
So what can you do? You can talk to the president and if he doesn't honor it, all you can really do is quit, which is exactly what I would do. Would you quit if they just took a weeks pay? Because that's what they're doing here. | *Disclaimer: I am not a lawyer. This is a legal question. We do not answer legal questions like this on here. That being said...*
1. You should ask your current boss to see if he/she can intervene on your behalf. If that option works, then so be it, you do not need to move on to step 2.
2. You should nail down what was said and follow any verbal interaction you have with her with an actual email confirming any of the details that are important to you.
>
> As per our conversation yesterday, below is the actual email
> I had actually sent you at the time.
>
>
> Hopefully, since I am the only one who claims to remember exactly what your verbal response was, I would ask that you give me the benefit of the doubt and give me the two weeks of vacation originally requested.
>
>
>
Now of course, she could deny what she said recently, or she could deny your interpretation of what she said recently, but it's important to nail down what was said (even if she disagrees with it).
Because whether this matter is pursued with the CEO (or later on in some other venue), having an actual written record of the actual disagreement is very important (because for all you know, a week or two from now, her memory of the events could shift even more).
Should something like this happen again, just cross out the relevant part in the contract, write in what was discussed, put your initials next to it, and send it back saying in your cover letter that you haven't received the employee handbook yet, so that you've crossed that part out, and that you've amended the contract to what was agreed during the interview.
The idea is that you should never ask permission to formalize something that was already discussed and already agreed upon, you should just change it yourself, initial it or email it, and bring the change to their attention (to make sure you can't be accused of hiding that change retroactively in the contract). |
24,031 | I’ve red that some universities in Japan offer a non-degree program called *research student.* I want to know:
1. Why do students usually apply as a research student?
2. Do research students work on things that haven’t been done before? Or do they work on anything that interests them (of course) but that is not necessarily new?
3. How does a research student differ from a master student? What does a research student presents in his/her last year? | 2014/06/27 | [
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/questions/24031",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com",
"https://academia.stackexchange.com/users/17944/"
] | I've only encountered the term "research student" in Japan (研究生), most (all ?) graduate schools in Japan offer it (see for example the [Graduate School of Information Sciences of Tohoku University](http://is.tohoku.ac.jp/_eng/entrance/guide.html)). As I understand it
1. A student will apply as a research student if they wish to conduct research at the university under the supervision of a faculty member, but are not interested in taking classes or obtaining a degree. You could want to do this for example as a "gap year" between undergrad and Master's (or Master's and Ph.D.), this could be a way to get some research experience under your belt, and perhaps improve your application for Masters or Ph.D.
2. Anything goes, as long as it is agreed between the student and supervisor.
3. You are not required to present anything. Since there is no degree to be obtained, there are no requirements to be fulfilled.
4. is subjective. | Usually, students who go through a research program, aim for a research project or a project the output of which may be a research report or a scientific publication. As far as this program is only offered in a few number of universities or research centers; I just want to add some comment to the questions you asked.
In some universities, non-degree programs are offered as some students want to attend to the university not going through the official class-attending programs. I mean, in a non-degree program, the student may not have to attend all the courses offered in a degree leading program. The student has the opportunity to choose the courses he likes and the ones mostly near the field of research he likes to do. It may be noted that in a degree program, the student may have to pass a few number of courses which may be chosen by the group or department; but in a non-degree program, he has the opportunity to choose from a wide range of different courses which he likes more. I insist that that because these programs may not lead to a degree, each university may have its own regulations and the student may or may not have the opportunity to choose as many different courses as he wants. It is better to check the universities' websites.
The answer the your question about *why students apply for such programs* varies. Some students prefer to enjoy the freedom of the program, choosing a number of courses and pass them,while they do some research activity in the research institute. Some researchers prefer to apply for this programs as they have passed some courses before and they are coming with a good research background; so they apply for a non-degree program just to expand their researches and do some publications at the end of the research period. Some other students are the ones who work in industry and do not have enough time to attend a complete degree leading program and have a research topic in mind; so they apply for such program and do research in the field of their desire.
*When we are talking about research*, It means that we are looking for something new. When something is done before and the researchers looks for it; it is called research but the output may be a Review Paper not a Research Paper.
A non-degree program may differ as a matter of time. The research period may be three months, six month, one year or more. But as the research non-degree program student does research under supervision of a professor at the university; the output should be something like a publish paper, conference paper or a research report or book. If the person applies for a non-degree program and does not have any publication at the end of the research period, why does he attend the university?
The research student may *take most of the research period*, by talking to the other researchers and students at the university. Go to some courses and read as much as papers and reports as he can. Develop new ideas for his future projects and gain ideas to make his work better. |
5,514 | Highcharts is supposed to be an open source chart project that is free for personal use and for non-profit organisations. For non-profit organisations and individuals it is licensed under the [Creative Commons (CC) Attribution-NonCommercial licence](http://Creative%20Commons%20(CC)%20Attribution-NonCommercial%20licence)
Now I'm in a situation that I am a software developer, developing software for an eligible organisation (non-profit, non-government since highcharts does not consider government organisations to be covered). Now as I understand it, this organisation does not need a licence for Highcharts and if I was an employee of this organisation I could just use highcharts to develop a Highcharts enabled website for them.
My questions are:
1. Is my previous assumption that if an in-house team develops the organisation's website then a licence is not required correct?
2. If I am not an employee of of that organisation but I am just contracted **as an individual** to create and deliver a Highcharts enabled website for them, do I need to purchase a licence for Highcharts?
3. If I belong to a for-profit company which is contracted to develop a to create and deliver a Highcharts enabled website to a non-profit organisation, is a licence required in that case and if yes, what kind of licence (assuming that Highcharts is not generally going to be used by that company in any other projects or services)? | 2017/05/26 | [
"https://opensource.stackexchange.com/questions/5514",
"https://opensource.stackexchange.com",
"https://opensource.stackexchange.com/users/5534/"
] | Firstly, IANAL/IANYL.
That said, [Creative Commons says](https://creativecommons.org/faq/#does-my-use-violate-the-noncommercial-clause-of-the-licenses) that the NC licence prohibits uses that are "*primarily intended for or directed toward commercial advantage or monetary compensation*". They go on to note that
>
> CC's definition does not turn on the type of user: if you are a nonprofit or charitable organization, your use of an NC-licensed work could still run afoul of the NC restriction, and if you are a for-profit entity, your use of an NC-licensed work does not necessarily mean you have violated the term.
>
>
>
So the answer to question one seems to me to be that it depends what the non-profit, through its development team, is using the software *for*. If it's serving the non-profit's charitable purpose, then I suspect that is a lawful use under CC BY-NC. If it's fundraising, this is arguably not lawful (*primarily intended for ... monetary compensation*). My church rents its rooms out as a commercial proposition, and that activity would almost certainly not be lawful.
Questions two and three seem easier: your primary purpose in question two, and your company's in question three, are to make money, so the use under CC BY-NC is not lawful and in both cases a commercial license will need to be purchased.
In the end, CC advises that "*you should either contact the rights holder for clarification, or search for works that permit commercial uses*".
This is an excellent illustration of why non-commercial-only licences are not considered free. | The CC-BY-NC 3.0 license has this to say about non-commercial/commercial use:
>
> You may not exercise any of the rights granted to You in Section 3 above in any manner that is primarily intended for or directed toward commercial advantage or private monetary compensation.
>
>
> — [CC-BY-NC 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/legalcode) section 4.b
>
>
>
So contrary to the Highcharts FAQ it is not relevant what the *identity* of the user is: the actual license makes no distinction between individuals and organizations, or between non-profits, government agencies, and companies.
The relevant part is the *manner* and *intent* with which the work is used. In particular, non-profit organizations sometimes do commercial things like fundraising.
What exactly non-commercial use means is left intentionally vague in the CC-BY-NC license. The Creative Commons Wiki has a page on the [NonCommerical Interpretation](https://wiki.creativecommons.org/wiki/NonCommercial_interpretation) but that is not part of the license. For cases that are not clear you'll have to ask the licensor, though in this case they might be biased towards interpreting usage as commercial use.
It is my subjective understanding that an organization may use a CC-BY-NC work if their use is clearly not primarily commercial, e.g. as part of an awareness and information campaign. This looks different if the “awareness campaign” is actually an advertisement for a product or for a fundraiser. If an otherwise informational web page gets a “donate now!” button, that would look commercial to me. Similarly, I would interpret use as part of internal accounting software as commercial use.
While the use of the non-profit organization may be non-commercial, this does not mean that your use as part of developing the work is also non-commercial. If you are selling a web page to the organization, that looks commercial to me.
Note that this answer is purely about the concepts of the CC-BY-NC license. I am not a lawyer and cannot advise on the licensing scheme of any concrete product. |
5,514 | Highcharts is supposed to be an open source chart project that is free for personal use and for non-profit organisations. For non-profit organisations and individuals it is licensed under the [Creative Commons (CC) Attribution-NonCommercial licence](http://Creative%20Commons%20(CC)%20Attribution-NonCommercial%20licence)
Now I'm in a situation that I am a software developer, developing software for an eligible organisation (non-profit, non-government since highcharts does not consider government organisations to be covered). Now as I understand it, this organisation does not need a licence for Highcharts and if I was an employee of this organisation I could just use highcharts to develop a Highcharts enabled website for them.
My questions are:
1. Is my previous assumption that if an in-house team develops the organisation's website then a licence is not required correct?
2. If I am not an employee of of that organisation but I am just contracted **as an individual** to create and deliver a Highcharts enabled website for them, do I need to purchase a licence for Highcharts?
3. If I belong to a for-profit company which is contracted to develop a to create and deliver a Highcharts enabled website to a non-profit organisation, is a licence required in that case and if yes, what kind of licence (assuming that Highcharts is not generally going to be used by that company in any other projects or services)? | 2017/05/26 | [
"https://opensource.stackexchange.com/questions/5514",
"https://opensource.stackexchange.com",
"https://opensource.stackexchange.com/users/5534/"
] | The CC-BY-NC 3.0 license has this to say about non-commercial/commercial use:
>
> You may not exercise any of the rights granted to You in Section 3 above in any manner that is primarily intended for or directed toward commercial advantage or private monetary compensation.
>
>
> — [CC-BY-NC 3.0](https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc/3.0/legalcode) section 4.b
>
>
>
So contrary to the Highcharts FAQ it is not relevant what the *identity* of the user is: the actual license makes no distinction between individuals and organizations, or between non-profits, government agencies, and companies.
The relevant part is the *manner* and *intent* with which the work is used. In particular, non-profit organizations sometimes do commercial things like fundraising.
What exactly non-commercial use means is left intentionally vague in the CC-BY-NC license. The Creative Commons Wiki has a page on the [NonCommerical Interpretation](https://wiki.creativecommons.org/wiki/NonCommercial_interpretation) but that is not part of the license. For cases that are not clear you'll have to ask the licensor, though in this case they might be biased towards interpreting usage as commercial use.
It is my subjective understanding that an organization may use a CC-BY-NC work if their use is clearly not primarily commercial, e.g. as part of an awareness and information campaign. This looks different if the “awareness campaign” is actually an advertisement for a product or for a fundraiser. If an otherwise informational web page gets a “donate now!” button, that would look commercial to me. Similarly, I would interpret use as part of internal accounting software as commercial use.
While the use of the non-profit organization may be non-commercial, this does not mean that your use as part of developing the work is also non-commercial. If you are selling a web page to the organization, that looks commercial to me.
Note that this answer is purely about the concepts of the CC-BY-NC license. I am not a lawyer and cannot advise on the licensing scheme of any concrete product. | No answer seems to have told you this already so let me highlight that Highcharts is *not* open source nor free software! On their website they are very careful not to use these terms. Instead they say that they are "Free for non-commercial" (this means at no cost) and "Open" (which is vague but is basically about trying to benefit from the advantage of open source without fully committing to it). Indeed, they are developed in the open, on GitHub and anyone can contribute.
Next, I wouldn't venture in giving definite answers to your questions because the interpretation of the non-commercial clause might very well vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. So I cannot advise you in any way except to tell you that you should either:
1. Talk to a lawyer.
2. Ask to Highcharts themselves in writing, and hope that they give you a clear answer (this should help you to defend yourself in court if they later change their interpretation). |
5,514 | Highcharts is supposed to be an open source chart project that is free for personal use and for non-profit organisations. For non-profit organisations and individuals it is licensed under the [Creative Commons (CC) Attribution-NonCommercial licence](http://Creative%20Commons%20(CC)%20Attribution-NonCommercial%20licence)
Now I'm in a situation that I am a software developer, developing software for an eligible organisation (non-profit, non-government since highcharts does not consider government organisations to be covered). Now as I understand it, this organisation does not need a licence for Highcharts and if I was an employee of this organisation I could just use highcharts to develop a Highcharts enabled website for them.
My questions are:
1. Is my previous assumption that if an in-house team develops the organisation's website then a licence is not required correct?
2. If I am not an employee of of that organisation but I am just contracted **as an individual** to create and deliver a Highcharts enabled website for them, do I need to purchase a licence for Highcharts?
3. If I belong to a for-profit company which is contracted to develop a to create and deliver a Highcharts enabled website to a non-profit organisation, is a licence required in that case and if yes, what kind of licence (assuming that Highcharts is not generally going to be used by that company in any other projects or services)? | 2017/05/26 | [
"https://opensource.stackexchange.com/questions/5514",
"https://opensource.stackexchange.com",
"https://opensource.stackexchange.com/users/5534/"
] | Firstly, IANAL/IANYL.
That said, [Creative Commons says](https://creativecommons.org/faq/#does-my-use-violate-the-noncommercial-clause-of-the-licenses) that the NC licence prohibits uses that are "*primarily intended for or directed toward commercial advantage or monetary compensation*". They go on to note that
>
> CC's definition does not turn on the type of user: if you are a nonprofit or charitable organization, your use of an NC-licensed work could still run afoul of the NC restriction, and if you are a for-profit entity, your use of an NC-licensed work does not necessarily mean you have violated the term.
>
>
>
So the answer to question one seems to me to be that it depends what the non-profit, through its development team, is using the software *for*. If it's serving the non-profit's charitable purpose, then I suspect that is a lawful use under CC BY-NC. If it's fundraising, this is arguably not lawful (*primarily intended for ... monetary compensation*). My church rents its rooms out as a commercial proposition, and that activity would almost certainly not be lawful.
Questions two and three seem easier: your primary purpose in question two, and your company's in question three, are to make money, so the use under CC BY-NC is not lawful and in both cases a commercial license will need to be purchased.
In the end, CC advises that "*you should either contact the rights holder for clarification, or search for works that permit commercial uses*".
This is an excellent illustration of why non-commercial-only licences are not considered free. | >
> Now as I understand it, this organisation does not need a licence for
> Highcharts and if I was an employee of this organisation I could just
> use highcharts to develop a Highcharts enabled website for them.
>
>
>
IANAL. But
(a) the licensee would normally be the organisation rather than its employers or contract workers.
(b) the organisation does need a license. That's why Highcharts has provided one: specifically, the CC-BY-NC license.
(c) I don't think there's a distinction between employees and contract workers. If the organisation has a license to do X (and it appears they do) then they can ask you to do X on their behalf, whether you are an employee or not, unless the license defines explicit constraints, which it doesn't.
(d) If this license ever gets tested in court then the lawyers are going to have a field day and the outcome is highly unpredictable. It's therefore highly unlikely that anyone will risk suing anyone unless it's a flagrant breach. If what you are doing seems fair to you, then it's unlikely to be a problem. |
5,514 | Highcharts is supposed to be an open source chart project that is free for personal use and for non-profit organisations. For non-profit organisations and individuals it is licensed under the [Creative Commons (CC) Attribution-NonCommercial licence](http://Creative%20Commons%20(CC)%20Attribution-NonCommercial%20licence)
Now I'm in a situation that I am a software developer, developing software for an eligible organisation (non-profit, non-government since highcharts does not consider government organisations to be covered). Now as I understand it, this organisation does not need a licence for Highcharts and if I was an employee of this organisation I could just use highcharts to develop a Highcharts enabled website for them.
My questions are:
1. Is my previous assumption that if an in-house team develops the organisation's website then a licence is not required correct?
2. If I am not an employee of of that organisation but I am just contracted **as an individual** to create and deliver a Highcharts enabled website for them, do I need to purchase a licence for Highcharts?
3. If I belong to a for-profit company which is contracted to develop a to create and deliver a Highcharts enabled website to a non-profit organisation, is a licence required in that case and if yes, what kind of licence (assuming that Highcharts is not generally going to be used by that company in any other projects or services)? | 2017/05/26 | [
"https://opensource.stackexchange.com/questions/5514",
"https://opensource.stackexchange.com",
"https://opensource.stackexchange.com/users/5534/"
] | Firstly, IANAL/IANYL.
That said, [Creative Commons says](https://creativecommons.org/faq/#does-my-use-violate-the-noncommercial-clause-of-the-licenses) that the NC licence prohibits uses that are "*primarily intended for or directed toward commercial advantage or monetary compensation*". They go on to note that
>
> CC's definition does not turn on the type of user: if you are a nonprofit or charitable organization, your use of an NC-licensed work could still run afoul of the NC restriction, and if you are a for-profit entity, your use of an NC-licensed work does not necessarily mean you have violated the term.
>
>
>
So the answer to question one seems to me to be that it depends what the non-profit, through its development team, is using the software *for*. If it's serving the non-profit's charitable purpose, then I suspect that is a lawful use under CC BY-NC. If it's fundraising, this is arguably not lawful (*primarily intended for ... monetary compensation*). My church rents its rooms out as a commercial proposition, and that activity would almost certainly not be lawful.
Questions two and three seem easier: your primary purpose in question two, and your company's in question three, are to make money, so the use under CC BY-NC is not lawful and in both cases a commercial license will need to be purchased.
In the end, CC advises that "*you should either contact the rights holder for clarification, or search for works that permit commercial uses*".
This is an excellent illustration of why non-commercial-only licences are not considered free. | No answer seems to have told you this already so let me highlight that Highcharts is *not* open source nor free software! On their website they are very careful not to use these terms. Instead they say that they are "Free for non-commercial" (this means at no cost) and "Open" (which is vague but is basically about trying to benefit from the advantage of open source without fully committing to it). Indeed, they are developed in the open, on GitHub and anyone can contribute.
Next, I wouldn't venture in giving definite answers to your questions because the interpretation of the non-commercial clause might very well vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. So I cannot advise you in any way except to tell you that you should either:
1. Talk to a lawyer.
2. Ask to Highcharts themselves in writing, and hope that they give you a clear answer (this should help you to defend yourself in court if they later change their interpretation). |
5,514 | Highcharts is supposed to be an open source chart project that is free for personal use and for non-profit organisations. For non-profit organisations and individuals it is licensed under the [Creative Commons (CC) Attribution-NonCommercial licence](http://Creative%20Commons%20(CC)%20Attribution-NonCommercial%20licence)
Now I'm in a situation that I am a software developer, developing software for an eligible organisation (non-profit, non-government since highcharts does not consider government organisations to be covered). Now as I understand it, this organisation does not need a licence for Highcharts and if I was an employee of this organisation I could just use highcharts to develop a Highcharts enabled website for them.
My questions are:
1. Is my previous assumption that if an in-house team develops the organisation's website then a licence is not required correct?
2. If I am not an employee of of that organisation but I am just contracted **as an individual** to create and deliver a Highcharts enabled website for them, do I need to purchase a licence for Highcharts?
3. If I belong to a for-profit company which is contracted to develop a to create and deliver a Highcharts enabled website to a non-profit organisation, is a licence required in that case and if yes, what kind of licence (assuming that Highcharts is not generally going to be used by that company in any other projects or services)? | 2017/05/26 | [
"https://opensource.stackexchange.com/questions/5514",
"https://opensource.stackexchange.com",
"https://opensource.stackexchange.com/users/5534/"
] | >
> Now as I understand it, this organisation does not need a licence for
> Highcharts and if I was an employee of this organisation I could just
> use highcharts to develop a Highcharts enabled website for them.
>
>
>
IANAL. But
(a) the licensee would normally be the organisation rather than its employers or contract workers.
(b) the organisation does need a license. That's why Highcharts has provided one: specifically, the CC-BY-NC license.
(c) I don't think there's a distinction between employees and contract workers. If the organisation has a license to do X (and it appears they do) then they can ask you to do X on their behalf, whether you are an employee or not, unless the license defines explicit constraints, which it doesn't.
(d) If this license ever gets tested in court then the lawyers are going to have a field day and the outcome is highly unpredictable. It's therefore highly unlikely that anyone will risk suing anyone unless it's a flagrant breach. If what you are doing seems fair to you, then it's unlikely to be a problem. | No answer seems to have told you this already so let me highlight that Highcharts is *not* open source nor free software! On their website they are very careful not to use these terms. Instead they say that they are "Free for non-commercial" (this means at no cost) and "Open" (which is vague but is basically about trying to benefit from the advantage of open source without fully committing to it). Indeed, they are developed in the open, on GitHub and anyone can contribute.
Next, I wouldn't venture in giving definite answers to your questions because the interpretation of the non-commercial clause might very well vary from jurisdiction to jurisdiction. So I cannot advise you in any way except to tell you that you should either:
1. Talk to a lawyer.
2. Ask to Highcharts themselves in writing, and hope that they give you a clear answer (this should help you to defend yourself in court if they later change their interpretation). |
35,528 | I am building a website, and my designer came up with the idea of using a (3d) tag cloud to display the different actions a user can take (the site's functionality is somewhat complex, and so explaining its functionality is one of the main challenges).
On one hand the idea seems really compelling as it is an interactive way for the user to explore the different things she can do - clicking on each "tag" will cause a short explanation and some links to the actual pages where the action is performed to be displayed.
On the other, tag clouds have a very common and well defined goal. And that's not it.
So might it confuse users? Are there any other down sides for using it I should consider?
Thanks.
**Edit 1 - reply to charles' comment:**
I don't have any screenshots or mockups, as the new design has just started, so here are the main functions of the site:
Users can add any topic they desire, They can add questions for those topics with their answers, and the site then generates tests and quizzes. Obviously users can also take those tests and quizzes.
The site is actually already up in the air (at pmakesp.com) but its current design is horrific.. But anyhow maybe it'll help someone to understand it better.
So anyhow the actions are:
Add Topic
Add Question
Compete (=take tests as tests have an indication of who finished them the fastest)
Take Quiz
and we'll probably add some other general "actions" as "win medals"
**Edit 2 - further explanation for the tag cloud's goal:**
First to make the question more visual and explicit, here's a link to the cloud's demo - that's how it will look -
<http://www.goat1000.com/tagcanvas.php>
Now as for what it'll do:
Imagine that for this site's landing page there will be a "tag" that says "Ask a Question", and clicking on it will display a box with the headline "Ask a question to be viewed by professional designers" (or something like that). The box will also contain a short explanation as to how the asking/answering mechanism work, and a link to the "Add Question" Page.
And another tag that says "Answer a Question", and "Earn Badges", and so on..
Again, the purpose is creating an interactive way for the user to understand what can be done on the site.
Hope I made it clearer this time :) | 2013/02/27 | [
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/35528",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/users/1831/"
] | Text is a structured form of information, and to get at the information your brain has to process it. Processing text in a tag cloud (even a 2D one) presents a much **higher cognitive load** than a simple list. A 3D tag cloud would present an even higher cognitive load, and is something that I would not recommend.
Tag clouds arguably look good from a design perspective, but from a UX perspective they are poor. So it will come down to whether UX or design is more important for you.
As an alternative, I would suggest giving all the actions in a list and **applying some gamification** to the list, where for each task that you complete you get some reward. This not only encourages customers to learn by doing, but presets it in a fun way that they can also read easily. | A 3d tag cloud is an interesting concept/idea, but unless you are exploring or presenting some complex relationship then most of it will just end up as being too visually complex and not necessarily all that usable. I guess there are always going to be people who like 3d bar charts because they are visually stimulated by the extra dimension, and there will be those that prefer the simplicity and clarity of the content. I'd be interested to see if you do go further with this, because there might be some way to make it work if you have the right type of information and think more about the interactions involved. |
35,528 | I am building a website, and my designer came up with the idea of using a (3d) tag cloud to display the different actions a user can take (the site's functionality is somewhat complex, and so explaining its functionality is one of the main challenges).
On one hand the idea seems really compelling as it is an interactive way for the user to explore the different things she can do - clicking on each "tag" will cause a short explanation and some links to the actual pages where the action is performed to be displayed.
On the other, tag clouds have a very common and well defined goal. And that's not it.
So might it confuse users? Are there any other down sides for using it I should consider?
Thanks.
**Edit 1 - reply to charles' comment:**
I don't have any screenshots or mockups, as the new design has just started, so here are the main functions of the site:
Users can add any topic they desire, They can add questions for those topics with their answers, and the site then generates tests and quizzes. Obviously users can also take those tests and quizzes.
The site is actually already up in the air (at pmakesp.com) but its current design is horrific.. But anyhow maybe it'll help someone to understand it better.
So anyhow the actions are:
Add Topic
Add Question
Compete (=take tests as tests have an indication of who finished them the fastest)
Take Quiz
and we'll probably add some other general "actions" as "win medals"
**Edit 2 - further explanation for the tag cloud's goal:**
First to make the question more visual and explicit, here's a link to the cloud's demo - that's how it will look -
<http://www.goat1000.com/tagcanvas.php>
Now as for what it'll do:
Imagine that for this site's landing page there will be a "tag" that says "Ask a Question", and clicking on it will display a box with the headline "Ask a question to be viewed by professional designers" (or something like that). The box will also contain a short explanation as to how the asking/answering mechanism work, and a link to the "Add Question" Page.
And another tag that says "Answer a Question", and "Earn Badges", and so on..
Again, the purpose is creating an interactive way for the user to understand what can be done on the site.
Hope I made it clearer this time :) | 2013/02/27 | [
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/35528",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/users/1831/"
] | Text is a structured form of information, and to get at the information your brain has to process it. Processing text in a tag cloud (even a 2D one) presents a much **higher cognitive load** than a simple list. A 3D tag cloud would present an even higher cognitive load, and is something that I would not recommend.
Tag clouds arguably look good from a design perspective, but from a UX perspective they are poor. So it will come down to whether UX or design is more important for you.
As an alternative, I would suggest giving all the actions in a list and **applying some gamification** to the list, where for each task that you complete you get some reward. This not only encourages customers to learn by doing, but presets it in a fun way that they can also read easily. | Tag clouds should not be used for tags, much less for website functions.
One of your problems could be
>
> the site's functionality is somewhat complex, and so explaining its
> functionality is one of the main challenges).
>
>
>
Taking a complicated problem, and adding a complicated way of displaying that problem does not simplify the solution.
And tag clouds should really never be used for a user interface or experience. |
35,528 | I am building a website, and my designer came up with the idea of using a (3d) tag cloud to display the different actions a user can take (the site's functionality is somewhat complex, and so explaining its functionality is one of the main challenges).
On one hand the idea seems really compelling as it is an interactive way for the user to explore the different things she can do - clicking on each "tag" will cause a short explanation and some links to the actual pages where the action is performed to be displayed.
On the other, tag clouds have a very common and well defined goal. And that's not it.
So might it confuse users? Are there any other down sides for using it I should consider?
Thanks.
**Edit 1 - reply to charles' comment:**
I don't have any screenshots or mockups, as the new design has just started, so here are the main functions of the site:
Users can add any topic they desire, They can add questions for those topics with their answers, and the site then generates tests and quizzes. Obviously users can also take those tests and quizzes.
The site is actually already up in the air (at pmakesp.com) but its current design is horrific.. But anyhow maybe it'll help someone to understand it better.
So anyhow the actions are:
Add Topic
Add Question
Compete (=take tests as tests have an indication of who finished them the fastest)
Take Quiz
and we'll probably add some other general "actions" as "win medals"
**Edit 2 - further explanation for the tag cloud's goal:**
First to make the question more visual and explicit, here's a link to the cloud's demo - that's how it will look -
<http://www.goat1000.com/tagcanvas.php>
Now as for what it'll do:
Imagine that for this site's landing page there will be a "tag" that says "Ask a Question", and clicking on it will display a box with the headline "Ask a question to be viewed by professional designers" (or something like that). The box will also contain a short explanation as to how the asking/answering mechanism work, and a link to the "Add Question" Page.
And another tag that says "Answer a Question", and "Earn Badges", and so on..
Again, the purpose is creating an interactive way for the user to understand what can be done on the site.
Hope I made it clearer this time :) | 2013/02/27 | [
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/35528",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/users/1831/"
] | *Initial disclaimer: My post may at first look seem a bit hard, but it's all in the best of interest in helping a UX.SE user in need.*
---
Yes you confuse users, and you confuse me. I'm not really sure what problem the tag cloud would solve, as opposed to any other control. From your explaination, you're building some kind of dictionary/activity thingy:
>
> ...clicking on each "tag" will cause a short explanation and some links to the actual pages where the action is performed to be displayed.
>
>
>
...and actions are:
>
> Add Topic, Add Question, Compete, Take Quiz
>
>
>
So if they are tags, the normal action in any system is to add tags after the content is added. It works the same way weather it's Microsoft SharePoint or Stackexchange. That convention shouldn't be broken with asking questions on a specific tag and presumably not being able to add other tags.
If I were you I'd go back to the drawing board, trying to figure out what the problems you're trying to solve before implementing controls. When you know what you want and your users need - it's much easier to answer this question. | A 3d tag cloud is an interesting concept/idea, but unless you are exploring or presenting some complex relationship then most of it will just end up as being too visually complex and not necessarily all that usable. I guess there are always going to be people who like 3d bar charts because they are visually stimulated by the extra dimension, and there will be those that prefer the simplicity and clarity of the content. I'd be interested to see if you do go further with this, because there might be some way to make it work if you have the right type of information and think more about the interactions involved. |
35,528 | I am building a website, and my designer came up with the idea of using a (3d) tag cloud to display the different actions a user can take (the site's functionality is somewhat complex, and so explaining its functionality is one of the main challenges).
On one hand the idea seems really compelling as it is an interactive way for the user to explore the different things she can do - clicking on each "tag" will cause a short explanation and some links to the actual pages where the action is performed to be displayed.
On the other, tag clouds have a very common and well defined goal. And that's not it.
So might it confuse users? Are there any other down sides for using it I should consider?
Thanks.
**Edit 1 - reply to charles' comment:**
I don't have any screenshots or mockups, as the new design has just started, so here are the main functions of the site:
Users can add any topic they desire, They can add questions for those topics with their answers, and the site then generates tests and quizzes. Obviously users can also take those tests and quizzes.
The site is actually already up in the air (at pmakesp.com) but its current design is horrific.. But anyhow maybe it'll help someone to understand it better.
So anyhow the actions are:
Add Topic
Add Question
Compete (=take tests as tests have an indication of who finished them the fastest)
Take Quiz
and we'll probably add some other general "actions" as "win medals"
**Edit 2 - further explanation for the tag cloud's goal:**
First to make the question more visual and explicit, here's a link to the cloud's demo - that's how it will look -
<http://www.goat1000.com/tagcanvas.php>
Now as for what it'll do:
Imagine that for this site's landing page there will be a "tag" that says "Ask a Question", and clicking on it will display a box with the headline "Ask a question to be viewed by professional designers" (or something like that). The box will also contain a short explanation as to how the asking/answering mechanism work, and a link to the "Add Question" Page.
And another tag that says "Answer a Question", and "Earn Badges", and so on..
Again, the purpose is creating an interactive way for the user to understand what can be done on the site.
Hope I made it clearer this time :) | 2013/02/27 | [
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/35528",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/users/1831/"
] | *Initial disclaimer: My post may at first look seem a bit hard, but it's all in the best of interest in helping a UX.SE user in need.*
---
Yes you confuse users, and you confuse me. I'm not really sure what problem the tag cloud would solve, as opposed to any other control. From your explaination, you're building some kind of dictionary/activity thingy:
>
> ...clicking on each "tag" will cause a short explanation and some links to the actual pages where the action is performed to be displayed.
>
>
>
...and actions are:
>
> Add Topic, Add Question, Compete, Take Quiz
>
>
>
So if they are tags, the normal action in any system is to add tags after the content is added. It works the same way weather it's Microsoft SharePoint or Stackexchange. That convention shouldn't be broken with asking questions on a specific tag and presumably not being able to add other tags.
If I were you I'd go back to the drawing board, trying to figure out what the problems you're trying to solve before implementing controls. When you know what you want and your users need - it's much easier to answer this question. | Tag clouds should not be used for tags, much less for website functions.
One of your problems could be
>
> the site's functionality is somewhat complex, and so explaining its
> functionality is one of the main challenges).
>
>
>
Taking a complicated problem, and adding a complicated way of displaying that problem does not simplify the solution.
And tag clouds should really never be used for a user interface or experience. |
35,528 | I am building a website, and my designer came up with the idea of using a (3d) tag cloud to display the different actions a user can take (the site's functionality is somewhat complex, and so explaining its functionality is one of the main challenges).
On one hand the idea seems really compelling as it is an interactive way for the user to explore the different things she can do - clicking on each "tag" will cause a short explanation and some links to the actual pages where the action is performed to be displayed.
On the other, tag clouds have a very common and well defined goal. And that's not it.
So might it confuse users? Are there any other down sides for using it I should consider?
Thanks.
**Edit 1 - reply to charles' comment:**
I don't have any screenshots or mockups, as the new design has just started, so here are the main functions of the site:
Users can add any topic they desire, They can add questions for those topics with their answers, and the site then generates tests and quizzes. Obviously users can also take those tests and quizzes.
The site is actually already up in the air (at pmakesp.com) but its current design is horrific.. But anyhow maybe it'll help someone to understand it better.
So anyhow the actions are:
Add Topic
Add Question
Compete (=take tests as tests have an indication of who finished them the fastest)
Take Quiz
and we'll probably add some other general "actions" as "win medals"
**Edit 2 - further explanation for the tag cloud's goal:**
First to make the question more visual and explicit, here's a link to the cloud's demo - that's how it will look -
<http://www.goat1000.com/tagcanvas.php>
Now as for what it'll do:
Imagine that for this site's landing page there will be a "tag" that says "Ask a Question", and clicking on it will display a box with the headline "Ask a question to be viewed by professional designers" (or something like that). The box will also contain a short explanation as to how the asking/answering mechanism work, and a link to the "Add Question" Page.
And another tag that says "Answer a Question", and "Earn Badges", and so on..
Again, the purpose is creating an interactive way for the user to understand what can be done on the site.
Hope I made it clearer this time :) | 2013/02/27 | [
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/questions/35528",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com",
"https://ux.stackexchange.com/users/1831/"
] | A 3d tag cloud is an interesting concept/idea, but unless you are exploring or presenting some complex relationship then most of it will just end up as being too visually complex and not necessarily all that usable. I guess there are always going to be people who like 3d bar charts because they are visually stimulated by the extra dimension, and there will be those that prefer the simplicity and clarity of the content. I'd be interested to see if you do go further with this, because there might be some way to make it work if you have the right type of information and think more about the interactions involved. | Tag clouds should not be used for tags, much less for website functions.
One of your problems could be
>
> the site's functionality is somewhat complex, and so explaining its
> functionality is one of the main challenges).
>
>
>
Taking a complicated problem, and adding a complicated way of displaying that problem does not simplify the solution.
And tag clouds should really never be used for a user interface or experience. |
16,851 | SRBs and missiles use [grain](https://space.stackexchange.com/questions/14107/ways-to-obtain-thrust-curves-of-different-grain-geometries) to regulate thrust over time, as only exposed surface of the propellant burns.
But what causes propellant to burn only on the surface, and regulates the speed at which the surface burns? Surely not atmospheric oxygen supply (which is what causes similar property of free-burning solids) as it has oxidizer distributed throughout the volume; there's no apparently clear reason why the solid fuel couldn't just burn all at once throughout the volume; something puts it apart from common explosives which are effectively just that, a kind of fuel and oxidizer mix that burns all at once all throughout the volume, in enclosed space, releasing all the combustion products at once.
So - what chemical additives or properties set solid propellants apart from explosives? | 2016/06/27 | [
"https://space.stackexchange.com/questions/16851",
"https://space.stackexchange.com",
"https://space.stackexchange.com/users/103/"
] | If we have a pressure shock front travelling very fast through the material it is an explosion. The reaction inside the explosive is started by the sudden pressure rise, not by a temperature rise. But when the solid rocket fuel burns, we have a nearly constant pressure inside the rocket and no travelling shock front. The thermal conductivity of the fuel is much slower, the reaction in a deeper level of the propellant only starts when the temperature is high enough there. The outer layers of the propellant stay cool and protect the walls of the rocket from high temperatures. If the solid rocket is reuseable, the walls should not be damaged in the last seconds of the burn when the reaction zone comes close to the walls. | Surface area, pure and simple. The more surface area visible, the faster the burning will occur.
As to what separates them from explosives, it is that the propellant is so tightly bound that only the surface can burn. If there are cracks, then solid rockets can in fact explode, so they are very carefully manufactured. |
16,851 | SRBs and missiles use [grain](https://space.stackexchange.com/questions/14107/ways-to-obtain-thrust-curves-of-different-grain-geometries) to regulate thrust over time, as only exposed surface of the propellant burns.
But what causes propellant to burn only on the surface, and regulates the speed at which the surface burns? Surely not atmospheric oxygen supply (which is what causes similar property of free-burning solids) as it has oxidizer distributed throughout the volume; there's no apparently clear reason why the solid fuel couldn't just burn all at once throughout the volume; something puts it apart from common explosives which are effectively just that, a kind of fuel and oxidizer mix that burns all at once all throughout the volume, in enclosed space, releasing all the combustion products at once.
So - what chemical additives or properties set solid propellants apart from explosives? | 2016/06/27 | [
"https://space.stackexchange.com/questions/16851",
"https://space.stackexchange.com",
"https://space.stackexchange.com/users/103/"
] | A propellant deflagrates, rather than explodes. The difference between them is that deflagration relies on the thermal energy of the flame front, rather than the energy of the shockwave caused by detonation.
The key to this process is a [balance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deflagration#Flame_physics) between two factors, the activation energy of the propellant and the temperature at which the propellant burns. This balance is set against the thermal diffusion of the propellant. If the heat cannot diffuse fast enough into the propellant, it won't stay lit. If it diffuses too fast... well... you wondered what keeps them from going boom? | Surface area, pure and simple. The more surface area visible, the faster the burning will occur.
As to what separates them from explosives, it is that the propellant is so tightly bound that only the surface can burn. If there are cracks, then solid rockets can in fact explode, so they are very carefully manufactured. |
16,851 | SRBs and missiles use [grain](https://space.stackexchange.com/questions/14107/ways-to-obtain-thrust-curves-of-different-grain-geometries) to regulate thrust over time, as only exposed surface of the propellant burns.
But what causes propellant to burn only on the surface, and regulates the speed at which the surface burns? Surely not atmospheric oxygen supply (which is what causes similar property of free-burning solids) as it has oxidizer distributed throughout the volume; there's no apparently clear reason why the solid fuel couldn't just burn all at once throughout the volume; something puts it apart from common explosives which are effectively just that, a kind of fuel and oxidizer mix that burns all at once all throughout the volume, in enclosed space, releasing all the combustion products at once.
So - what chemical additives or properties set solid propellants apart from explosives? | 2016/06/27 | [
"https://space.stackexchange.com/questions/16851",
"https://space.stackexchange.com",
"https://space.stackexchange.com/users/103/"
] | I've asked [the same question](https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/54282/how-is-combustion-speed-regulated-in-solid-propellants) on Chemistry.SE and got some more factors than mentioned in the answers here.
* flexible binding agent (rubber), that prevents forming cracks under pressure, is essential to maintaining stable, low deflagration rate vastly lower than in blasting charges of the same composition.
* modifying ratio of oxidizers (perchlorate, ammonium nitrate) regulates the speed; perchlorate burns faster.
* catalysts like carbon and metals can increase the deflagration rate.
* [MIL-STD-286C.](http://everyspec.com/MIL-STD/MIL-STD-0100-0299/MIL-STD-286C_8618/) defines a method of determining linear burning rate of propellants.
So, essentially, first - applying a rubber-like binder is the critical part that reduces deflagration rate to "propellant speeds". Then, through "trial and error" the rate can be fine-tuned - adapted to requirements of construction, geometry and purpose of specific SRB/missile - through modifying oxidizer composition and catalysts. The final part is the grain shape inside the rocket, which regulates how area of deflagration changes over time, regulating thrust of the rocket over time - and the nozzle area, limiting the pressure (and deflagration rate) inside the SRB. | Surface area, pure and simple. The more surface area visible, the faster the burning will occur.
As to what separates them from explosives, it is that the propellant is so tightly bound that only the surface can burn. If there are cracks, then solid rockets can in fact explode, so they are very carefully manufactured. |
16,851 | SRBs and missiles use [grain](https://space.stackexchange.com/questions/14107/ways-to-obtain-thrust-curves-of-different-grain-geometries) to regulate thrust over time, as only exposed surface of the propellant burns.
But what causes propellant to burn only on the surface, and regulates the speed at which the surface burns? Surely not atmospheric oxygen supply (which is what causes similar property of free-burning solids) as it has oxidizer distributed throughout the volume; there's no apparently clear reason why the solid fuel couldn't just burn all at once throughout the volume; something puts it apart from common explosives which are effectively just that, a kind of fuel and oxidizer mix that burns all at once all throughout the volume, in enclosed space, releasing all the combustion products at once.
So - what chemical additives or properties set solid propellants apart from explosives? | 2016/06/27 | [
"https://space.stackexchange.com/questions/16851",
"https://space.stackexchange.com",
"https://space.stackexchange.com/users/103/"
] | If we have a pressure shock front travelling very fast through the material it is an explosion. The reaction inside the explosive is started by the sudden pressure rise, not by a temperature rise. But when the solid rocket fuel burns, we have a nearly constant pressure inside the rocket and no travelling shock front. The thermal conductivity of the fuel is much slower, the reaction in a deeper level of the propellant only starts when the temperature is high enough there. The outer layers of the propellant stay cool and protect the walls of the rocket from high temperatures. If the solid rocket is reuseable, the walls should not be damaged in the last seconds of the burn when the reaction zone comes close to the walls. | Looking through the description of [APCP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonium_perchlorate_composite_propellant), I noticed that it contains metal *powder*. That means your assumption about the oxidizer isn't correct. At microscopic level, the oxidizer is *not* distributed throughout the volume of the metal. The distance between oxidizer molecules and metal atoms is measured in micrometers, not nanometers. Of course, a micrometer still isn't that much, which explains why the reaction is very quick once the propellant is vaporized. The atoms only need to travel those few micrometers before they can react. But that's not instant, and it limits the burn rate. |
16,851 | SRBs and missiles use [grain](https://space.stackexchange.com/questions/14107/ways-to-obtain-thrust-curves-of-different-grain-geometries) to regulate thrust over time, as only exposed surface of the propellant burns.
But what causes propellant to burn only on the surface, and regulates the speed at which the surface burns? Surely not atmospheric oxygen supply (which is what causes similar property of free-burning solids) as it has oxidizer distributed throughout the volume; there's no apparently clear reason why the solid fuel couldn't just burn all at once throughout the volume; something puts it apart from common explosives which are effectively just that, a kind of fuel and oxidizer mix that burns all at once all throughout the volume, in enclosed space, releasing all the combustion products at once.
So - what chemical additives or properties set solid propellants apart from explosives? | 2016/06/27 | [
"https://space.stackexchange.com/questions/16851",
"https://space.stackexchange.com",
"https://space.stackexchange.com/users/103/"
] | If we have a pressure shock front travelling very fast through the material it is an explosion. The reaction inside the explosive is started by the sudden pressure rise, not by a temperature rise. But when the solid rocket fuel burns, we have a nearly constant pressure inside the rocket and no travelling shock front. The thermal conductivity of the fuel is much slower, the reaction in a deeper level of the propellant only starts when the temperature is high enough there. The outer layers of the propellant stay cool and protect the walls of the rocket from high temperatures. If the solid rocket is reuseable, the walls should not be damaged in the last seconds of the burn when the reaction zone comes close to the walls. | A propellant deflagrates, rather than explodes. The difference between them is that deflagration relies on the thermal energy of the flame front, rather than the energy of the shockwave caused by detonation.
The key to this process is a [balance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deflagration#Flame_physics) between two factors, the activation energy of the propellant and the temperature at which the propellant burns. This balance is set against the thermal diffusion of the propellant. If the heat cannot diffuse fast enough into the propellant, it won't stay lit. If it diffuses too fast... well... you wondered what keeps them from going boom? |
16,851 | SRBs and missiles use [grain](https://space.stackexchange.com/questions/14107/ways-to-obtain-thrust-curves-of-different-grain-geometries) to regulate thrust over time, as only exposed surface of the propellant burns.
But what causes propellant to burn only on the surface, and regulates the speed at which the surface burns? Surely not atmospheric oxygen supply (which is what causes similar property of free-burning solids) as it has oxidizer distributed throughout the volume; there's no apparently clear reason why the solid fuel couldn't just burn all at once throughout the volume; something puts it apart from common explosives which are effectively just that, a kind of fuel and oxidizer mix that burns all at once all throughout the volume, in enclosed space, releasing all the combustion products at once.
So - what chemical additives or properties set solid propellants apart from explosives? | 2016/06/27 | [
"https://space.stackexchange.com/questions/16851",
"https://space.stackexchange.com",
"https://space.stackexchange.com/users/103/"
] | A propellant deflagrates, rather than explodes. The difference between them is that deflagration relies on the thermal energy of the flame front, rather than the energy of the shockwave caused by detonation.
The key to this process is a [balance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deflagration#Flame_physics) between two factors, the activation energy of the propellant and the temperature at which the propellant burns. This balance is set against the thermal diffusion of the propellant. If the heat cannot diffuse fast enough into the propellant, it won't stay lit. If it diffuses too fast... well... you wondered what keeps them from going boom? | Looking through the description of [APCP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonium_perchlorate_composite_propellant), I noticed that it contains metal *powder*. That means your assumption about the oxidizer isn't correct. At microscopic level, the oxidizer is *not* distributed throughout the volume of the metal. The distance between oxidizer molecules and metal atoms is measured in micrometers, not nanometers. Of course, a micrometer still isn't that much, which explains why the reaction is very quick once the propellant is vaporized. The atoms only need to travel those few micrometers before they can react. But that's not instant, and it limits the burn rate. |
16,851 | SRBs and missiles use [grain](https://space.stackexchange.com/questions/14107/ways-to-obtain-thrust-curves-of-different-grain-geometries) to regulate thrust over time, as only exposed surface of the propellant burns.
But what causes propellant to burn only on the surface, and regulates the speed at which the surface burns? Surely not atmospheric oxygen supply (which is what causes similar property of free-burning solids) as it has oxidizer distributed throughout the volume; there's no apparently clear reason why the solid fuel couldn't just burn all at once throughout the volume; something puts it apart from common explosives which are effectively just that, a kind of fuel and oxidizer mix that burns all at once all throughout the volume, in enclosed space, releasing all the combustion products at once.
So - what chemical additives or properties set solid propellants apart from explosives? | 2016/06/27 | [
"https://space.stackexchange.com/questions/16851",
"https://space.stackexchange.com",
"https://space.stackexchange.com/users/103/"
] | I've asked [the same question](https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/54282/how-is-combustion-speed-regulated-in-solid-propellants) on Chemistry.SE and got some more factors than mentioned in the answers here.
* flexible binding agent (rubber), that prevents forming cracks under pressure, is essential to maintaining stable, low deflagration rate vastly lower than in blasting charges of the same composition.
* modifying ratio of oxidizers (perchlorate, ammonium nitrate) regulates the speed; perchlorate burns faster.
* catalysts like carbon and metals can increase the deflagration rate.
* [MIL-STD-286C.](http://everyspec.com/MIL-STD/MIL-STD-0100-0299/MIL-STD-286C_8618/) defines a method of determining linear burning rate of propellants.
So, essentially, first - applying a rubber-like binder is the critical part that reduces deflagration rate to "propellant speeds". Then, through "trial and error" the rate can be fine-tuned - adapted to requirements of construction, geometry and purpose of specific SRB/missile - through modifying oxidizer composition and catalysts. The final part is the grain shape inside the rocket, which regulates how area of deflagration changes over time, regulating thrust of the rocket over time - and the nozzle area, limiting the pressure (and deflagration rate) inside the SRB. | Looking through the description of [APCP](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ammonium_perchlorate_composite_propellant), I noticed that it contains metal *powder*. That means your assumption about the oxidizer isn't correct. At microscopic level, the oxidizer is *not* distributed throughout the volume of the metal. The distance between oxidizer molecules and metal atoms is measured in micrometers, not nanometers. Of course, a micrometer still isn't that much, which explains why the reaction is very quick once the propellant is vaporized. The atoms only need to travel those few micrometers before they can react. But that's not instant, and it limits the burn rate. |
16,851 | SRBs and missiles use [grain](https://space.stackexchange.com/questions/14107/ways-to-obtain-thrust-curves-of-different-grain-geometries) to regulate thrust over time, as only exposed surface of the propellant burns.
But what causes propellant to burn only on the surface, and regulates the speed at which the surface burns? Surely not atmospheric oxygen supply (which is what causes similar property of free-burning solids) as it has oxidizer distributed throughout the volume; there's no apparently clear reason why the solid fuel couldn't just burn all at once throughout the volume; something puts it apart from common explosives which are effectively just that, a kind of fuel and oxidizer mix that burns all at once all throughout the volume, in enclosed space, releasing all the combustion products at once.
So - what chemical additives or properties set solid propellants apart from explosives? | 2016/06/27 | [
"https://space.stackexchange.com/questions/16851",
"https://space.stackexchange.com",
"https://space.stackexchange.com/users/103/"
] | I've asked [the same question](https://chemistry.stackexchange.com/questions/54282/how-is-combustion-speed-regulated-in-solid-propellants) on Chemistry.SE and got some more factors than mentioned in the answers here.
* flexible binding agent (rubber), that prevents forming cracks under pressure, is essential to maintaining stable, low deflagration rate vastly lower than in blasting charges of the same composition.
* modifying ratio of oxidizers (perchlorate, ammonium nitrate) regulates the speed; perchlorate burns faster.
* catalysts like carbon and metals can increase the deflagration rate.
* [MIL-STD-286C.](http://everyspec.com/MIL-STD/MIL-STD-0100-0299/MIL-STD-286C_8618/) defines a method of determining linear burning rate of propellants.
So, essentially, first - applying a rubber-like binder is the critical part that reduces deflagration rate to "propellant speeds". Then, through "trial and error" the rate can be fine-tuned - adapted to requirements of construction, geometry and purpose of specific SRB/missile - through modifying oxidizer composition and catalysts. The final part is the grain shape inside the rocket, which regulates how area of deflagration changes over time, regulating thrust of the rocket over time - and the nozzle area, limiting the pressure (and deflagration rate) inside the SRB. | A propellant deflagrates, rather than explodes. The difference between them is that deflagration relies on the thermal energy of the flame front, rather than the energy of the shockwave caused by detonation.
The key to this process is a [balance](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deflagration#Flame_physics) between two factors, the activation energy of the propellant and the temperature at which the propellant burns. This balance is set against the thermal diffusion of the propellant. If the heat cannot diffuse fast enough into the propellant, it won't stay lit. If it diffuses too fast... well... you wondered what keeps them from going boom? |
135,873 | I have an idea that the seas of a world are red, not blue. However, the world should also be the birthplace of an intelligent alien species. Would it be scientifically possible to have a world with a red sea and where intelligent life can still develop? | 2019/01/07 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/135873",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/55800/"
] | Sure. Just have a microorganism endemic to the seas that colours them red. Some sort of algae, maybe, that produces a red dye naturally as part of their life cycle. We kind of have that here on earth, manifesting as a [red tide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_tide) during algal blooms.
If the coloration is produced as part of the normal behaviour of the algae, rather than during oxygen-consuming blooms, you're good to go. | The reason our own ocean is blue is because of the color of the sky. If your sky is red/orange, you might end up with a red ocean. You could also do what a couple others have said and try an alga that's red. |
135,873 | I have an idea that the seas of a world are red, not blue. However, the world should also be the birthplace of an intelligent alien species. Would it be scientifically possible to have a world with a red sea and where intelligent life can still develop? | 2019/01/07 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/135873",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/55800/"
] | Absolutely. [There's actually a sea on Earth which is red(ish)](https://www.livescience.com/32112-is-the-red-sea-really-red.html).
So it wouldn't take that much extrapolation to extend the algae planetwide and make it a brighter color. I'd think you'd want it to be loosely matted enough to provide flow of oxygen and sunlight, but that shouldn't be too hard to finesse. | If the oceans contain very high concentrations of iron, in the form of rust, it would create a red ocean.
This environment would be ideal for [rust-eating microbes](http://www.nbcnews.com/id/40533835/ns/technology_and_science-science/t/new-species-rust-eating-bacteria-destroying-titanic/), which could form the base of oceanic food web in the same way photosynthetic plankton form the basis of our aquatic food webs.
What implications this has on your world's plant and animal life is outside the reach of my familiarity with biology, but I don't think it would necessarily preclude the development of intelligent lifeforms. |
135,873 | I have an idea that the seas of a world are red, not blue. However, the world should also be the birthplace of an intelligent alien species. Would it be scientifically possible to have a world with a red sea and where intelligent life can still develop? | 2019/01/07 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/135873",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/55800/"
] | Sure. Just have a microorganism endemic to the seas that colours them red. Some sort of algae, maybe, that produces a red dye naturally as part of their life cycle. We kind of have that here on earth, manifesting as a [red tide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_tide) during algal blooms.
If the coloration is produced as part of the normal behaviour of the algae, rather than during oxygen-consuming blooms, you're good to go. | If the oceans contain very high concentrations of iron, in the form of rust, it would create a red ocean.
This environment would be ideal for [rust-eating microbes](http://www.nbcnews.com/id/40533835/ns/technology_and_science-science/t/new-species-rust-eating-bacteria-destroying-titanic/), which could form the base of oceanic food web in the same way photosynthetic plankton form the basis of our aquatic food webs.
What implications this has on your world's plant and animal life is outside the reach of my familiarity with biology, but I don't think it would necessarily preclude the development of intelligent lifeforms. |
135,873 | I have an idea that the seas of a world are red, not blue. However, the world should also be the birthplace of an intelligent alien species. Would it be scientifically possible to have a world with a red sea and where intelligent life can still develop? | 2019/01/07 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/135873",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/55800/"
] | Absolutely. [There's actually a sea on Earth which is red(ish)](https://www.livescience.com/32112-is-the-red-sea-really-red.html).
So it wouldn't take that much extrapolation to extend the algae planetwide and make it a brighter color. I'd think you'd want it to be loosely matted enough to provide flow of oxygen and sunlight, but that shouldn't be too hard to finesse. | If you want a really exotic answer, perhaps your world has a [Fluorescein](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescein) ocean. Fluorescein is in essence a complex carbohydrate, or in other words an organic compound, that naturally 'red-shifts' light, absorbing photons and releasing longer wavelength, lower energy photons as a result.
It typically exists as a powder, but can be dissolved in water or alcohol, though not all that well. BUT - imagine if you will a world in which your oceans first formed with a lot of this compound in them, and your first underwater plants used photosynthesis to break down this compound, producing just enough oxygen for their needs. They couldn't release excess oxygen as this would wreak havoc with the fluorescein, but let's just say that they could metabolise the fluorescein via an endothermic reaction triggered by sunlight (or some other energy source).
Because it's in solution, it's not that hard to evolve out photosynthesising animals that metabolise the fluorescein more effectively through being mobile, and potentially even evolve predation (although there would be less need for that in this environment because your organisms have evolved in soup).
The catch with this is that you are unlikely to have a great oxygenation event, and therefore far less likely to have land based creatures, but it's *possible* you could develop intelligent life in a fluorescein ocean, breathing their food and oxygen supply straight out of the water. |
135,873 | I have an idea that the seas of a world are red, not blue. However, the world should also be the birthplace of an intelligent alien species. Would it be scientifically possible to have a world with a red sea and where intelligent life can still develop? | 2019/01/07 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/135873",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/55800/"
] | Absolutely. [There's actually a sea on Earth which is red(ish)](https://www.livescience.com/32112-is-the-red-sea-really-red.html).
So it wouldn't take that much extrapolation to extend the algae planetwide and make it a brighter color. I'd think you'd want it to be loosely matted enough to provide flow of oxygen and sunlight, but that shouldn't be too hard to finesse. | The reason our own ocean is blue is because of the color of the sky. If your sky is red/orange, you might end up with a red ocean. You could also do what a couple others have said and try an alga that's red. |
135,873 | I have an idea that the seas of a world are red, not blue. However, the world should also be the birthplace of an intelligent alien species. Would it be scientifically possible to have a world with a red sea and where intelligent life can still develop? | 2019/01/07 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/135873",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/55800/"
] | I decided to delete my comment and answer the question.
Here's your problem:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/tlSDz.gif)
This is a chart of color absorption for water. It shows that blue is reflected very well (water doesn't absorb blue). On the otherhand, it absorbs red very well (no reflection). It's exactly the opposite of what you want. But...
1. You can shift the solar color from yellow to red. This means less blue spectrum is transmitted to your world and more red. This would help (although the seas may appear more yellow than red), but they would appear dark since most of the red wavelengths are being absorbed. But, it's a blank canvas. *This is really important.*
2. We need your sun to pump out more ultraviolet. This means your aliens will be very naturally resistant to sunburns on other planets because they would have evolved natural UV protection. Why do we want this?
3. Because Chlorophyll glows red under ultraviolet light.
BUT! As with all things, you can't simply play with the dials on your planet without consquences. Many things glow under UV (a black light) and they'll be happily glowing, too. I've already mentioned the need to give your aliens natural UV protection. And playing with the sun's color means playing with the nature of vegitation. Can you get your intelligent aliens? Sure!
But it also means you need to pay attention to the details of what else will be affected by whatever solution you choose to make your seas red. For instance, the price you pay to get glowing chlorophyll is that you may not have it since your plants may need to find a way to thrive in a UV/Red predominant energy source. Whatever you choose, take the time to think through "what can go wrong with this?" It'll actually add a lot of cool interest to your story. ("What do you mean you can't eat lettuce? It's the most neutral plant on our planet!") | The reason our own ocean is blue is because of the color of the sky. If your sky is red/orange, you might end up with a red ocean. You could also do what a couple others have said and try an alga that's red. |
135,873 | I have an idea that the seas of a world are red, not blue. However, the world should also be the birthplace of an intelligent alien species. Would it be scientifically possible to have a world with a red sea and where intelligent life can still develop? | 2019/01/07 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/135873",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/55800/"
] | Sure. Just have a microorganism endemic to the seas that colours them red. Some sort of algae, maybe, that produces a red dye naturally as part of their life cycle. We kind of have that here on earth, manifesting as a [red tide](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red_tide) during algal blooms.
If the coloration is produced as part of the normal behaviour of the algae, rather than during oxygen-consuming blooms, you're good to go. | ***Your Ocean has a high hemoglobin content***
I would suggest using some sort of symbiotic system where said ocean thermally
convects hemoglobin to the surface where it absorbs Oxygen from the atmosphere.
This would create a bright red color. The convection along with the weight of
the molecule could then cause it to sink where a certain organisms in or on the bottom of the sea deplete the Oxygen where it will gradually turn a darker shade
of red, at which time it will convect upward beginning the cycle again. An
aquatic marine animal which has hemoglobin based blood and a special gland for absorbing the molecules would work. Perhaps the 'bloodfish' is responsible for,
or a result of this entire ecoaquatic system. |
135,873 | I have an idea that the seas of a world are red, not blue. However, the world should also be the birthplace of an intelligent alien species. Would it be scientifically possible to have a world with a red sea and where intelligent life can still develop? | 2019/01/07 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/135873",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/55800/"
] | Absolutely. [There's actually a sea on Earth which is red(ish)](https://www.livescience.com/32112-is-the-red-sea-really-red.html).
So it wouldn't take that much extrapolation to extend the algae planetwide and make it a brighter color. I'd think you'd want it to be loosely matted enough to provide flow of oxygen and sunlight, but that shouldn't be too hard to finesse. | ***Your Ocean has a high hemoglobin content***
I would suggest using some sort of symbiotic system where said ocean thermally
convects hemoglobin to the surface where it absorbs Oxygen from the atmosphere.
This would create a bright red color. The convection along with the weight of
the molecule could then cause it to sink where a certain organisms in or on the bottom of the sea deplete the Oxygen where it will gradually turn a darker shade
of red, at which time it will convect upward beginning the cycle again. An
aquatic marine animal which has hemoglobin based blood and a special gland for absorbing the molecules would work. Perhaps the 'bloodfish' is responsible for,
or a result of this entire ecoaquatic system. |
135,873 | I have an idea that the seas of a world are red, not blue. However, the world should also be the birthplace of an intelligent alien species. Would it be scientifically possible to have a world with a red sea and where intelligent life can still develop? | 2019/01/07 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/135873",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/55800/"
] | There are two easy ways:
1. The color "blue" is partially a function of light reflected by the sky. If the sky is red to the human eye, say due to dust, the water will be reddish.
2. On Earth, Chlorophyll (the green component of plants) actually reflects more red light than green. Our eyes are more sensitive to the green light than the red, so it appears green to our eyes. Plants that have slightly different chlorophyll or higher proportions of other pigments, such as the algae that @jdunlop mentions, do appear red to the human eye.
**Edit**
In spite of my memory, chlorophyll does not reflect more red than green, even when fluorescence is allowed for. The only way this makes sense with plant pigments is with carotenes or other red pigments. | The reason our own ocean is blue is because of the color of the sky. If your sky is red/orange, you might end up with a red ocean. You could also do what a couple others have said and try an alga that's red. |
135,873 | I have an idea that the seas of a world are red, not blue. However, the world should also be the birthplace of an intelligent alien species. Would it be scientifically possible to have a world with a red sea and where intelligent life can still develop? | 2019/01/07 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/135873",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/55800/"
] | ***Your Ocean has a high hemoglobin content***
I would suggest using some sort of symbiotic system where said ocean thermally
convects hemoglobin to the surface where it absorbs Oxygen from the atmosphere.
This would create a bright red color. The convection along with the weight of
the molecule could then cause it to sink where a certain organisms in or on the bottom of the sea deplete the Oxygen where it will gradually turn a darker shade
of red, at which time it will convect upward beginning the cycle again. An
aquatic marine animal which has hemoglobin based blood and a special gland for absorbing the molecules would work. Perhaps the 'bloodfish' is responsible for,
or a result of this entire ecoaquatic system. | The reason our own ocean is blue is because of the color of the sky. If your sky is red/orange, you might end up with a red ocean. You could also do what a couple others have said and try an alga that's red. |
2,670 | There are linguists that are very much against conlanging, here are two commonly claimed reasons:
1. It's not science.
2. It wastes manpower, time and energy that should have been used to
rescue an already existing rare natural language or do field work.
The latter reason is also common among non-linguists.
What others are there? | 2012/10/06 | [
"https://linguistics.stackexchange.com/questions/2670",
"https://linguistics.stackexchange.com",
"https://linguistics.stackexchange.com/users/119/"
] | Not sure about being “against”, but I’ve seen some linguists dismiss conlang studies due to a strong form of nativism. Suppose you’re convinced that 1) all languages are variations of an universal, hard-wired human capacity; 2) languages can only be acquired “for real” when you’re a child in the critical period; and 3) the one true goal of linguistic science is to understand Language (defined in these terms). If so, then conlangs would be something like fake data. Natlangs are seen as clues to Language, but conlangs could lead you to wrong conclusions. | Creating a language is like writing a novel or creating a sculpture: it can be a fun exercise, and an object of art for people to admire. If you happen to not be into a certain genre, you will probably not be interested in studying it.
I think the same thing applies to constructed languages. I personally do not find them very interesting, with some exceptions, such as Tolkien's languages—but even those I do not find interesting enough to study: I'm just glad they're there, because they make his books and stories all the more immersive and "realistic". (Many other constructed languages, on the other hand, I find crude or unimpressive for various reasons.)
If certain works of art have some sort of physical, historical, or social significance, then that can be another reason to study them. But it can feel like a waste of time if they haven't. I don't like studying a language that I feel I can't learn anything from, as in nothing relevant for how real languages work. This is probably why studying them is normally not a significant part of academic curricula. |
2,670 | There are linguists that are very much against conlanging, here are two commonly claimed reasons:
1. It's not science.
2. It wastes manpower, time and energy that should have been used to
rescue an already existing rare natural language or do field work.
The latter reason is also common among non-linguists.
What others are there? | 2012/10/06 | [
"https://linguistics.stackexchange.com/questions/2670",
"https://linguistics.stackexchange.com",
"https://linguistics.stackexchange.com/users/119/"
] | That this currently isn't a field with much revenue (except maybe movie languages) or practical use associated with it has already been mentioned.
I think there is a throwing-out-the-baby-with-the-bath-water dynamic going on with the following triggers:
1. Crackpots. They exist in the conlang community and seem to be over-represented. Examples include aUi, by John Weilgart. All fields have crackpots, but some fields attract crackpots more than others. Weilgart said he got the inspiration for the language from (real) space aliens. This differs from say, Klingon, where the participants know they are real Trek fans and the aliens are fictional.
2. Auxlang promoters. Auxlang promoters, in the hopes of gaining followers, make wild claims, in particular claims about ease of learning, cultural neutrality and global utopia (or at least some substantive move in that direction).
3. Historical philosophical languages turned out to be a dead end as languages and lines of thought. The languages hoped to allow the universe ideas to be divided into hierarchal categories and additive "compound words" in the lexicon and for the grammar to follow some sort of "natural" syntax, i.e. little thought was given to syntax. e.g. John Wilkins's language, although it did inspire Roget's thesaurus. It didn't prove to be more useful (or at least, not more popular) than natural languages for discussing the world or philosophy.
4. Loglans (like lojban) promised to allow people to say what they mean and people would hear what that person meant. In other words, remove ambiguity in speech. In practice, loglans removed syntactic ambiguity for people who are good at mentally parsing like a machine parser, but left a lot of room for misunderstanding and semantic ambiguity. Loglans also promised to possibly be a way to communicate with machines, possibly for artificial intelligence applications. While a machine can parse lojban, I don't know of any implementations of a "run time" that does anything interesting with the parsed values (say, querying a store of lojban encoded facts, similar to how Prolog words). This doesn't mean loglans are useless, it is just another conlang that didn't deliver on the original promises.
And there is a scholar out there who wrote some remarkably hostile pychoanalytic-like analysis of the mental states of those who create/use artificial languages. I'm really sorry I can't find it.
With red flags like the above, I wouldn't be surprised if people see the field as sort of a quest to square the circle, create a perpetual motion machine, or the like.
I don't agree with them myself. In the field of languages for the profoundly disabled, such as deaf-blind, new things that look like languages are being invented by health care providers and they are doing a so-so or lousy job of it because they don't have any scientific rigor and methodology behind them. | Creating a language is like writing a novel or creating a sculpture: it can be a fun exercise, and an object of art for people to admire. If you happen to not be into a certain genre, you will probably not be interested in studying it.
I think the same thing applies to constructed languages. I personally do not find them very interesting, with some exceptions, such as Tolkien's languages—but even those I do not find interesting enough to study: I'm just glad they're there, because they make his books and stories all the more immersive and "realistic". (Many other constructed languages, on the other hand, I find crude or unimpressive for various reasons.)
If certain works of art have some sort of physical, historical, or social significance, then that can be another reason to study them. But it can feel like a waste of time if they haven't. I don't like studying a language that I feel I can't learn anything from, as in nothing relevant for how real languages work. This is probably why studying them is normally not a significant part of academic curricula. |
2,670 | There are linguists that are very much against conlanging, here are two commonly claimed reasons:
1. It's not science.
2. It wastes manpower, time and energy that should have been used to
rescue an already existing rare natural language or do field work.
The latter reason is also common among non-linguists.
What others are there? | 2012/10/06 | [
"https://linguistics.stackexchange.com/questions/2670",
"https://linguistics.stackexchange.com",
"https://linguistics.stackexchange.com/users/119/"
] | Though there are some linguists who express hostility toward conlanging, most notably Yaguello in her book "Lunatic Lovers of Language," I haven't heard of any general outcry from the linguistics community against conlanging. However, I do believe that most linguists consider natural language to be the proper subject matter of linguistics.
As a conlanger, I think that this is as it should be for several reasons.
First, linguists discover, document, and interpret their data. In linguistics, inventing the data is strictly forbidden for obvious reasons. But when I devise a conlang, inventing the data is not only permitted--it is the whole point of my hobby. I think that this makes conlanging something other than a science.
Second, a great deal of theoretical debate in linguistics is devoted to the degree to which linguistic knowledge is innate and to the existence of language universals. Since conlangs are almost never acquired naturally and can be designed with or without any of the proposed language universals, I don't see how the mere study of conlangs could have any bearing on such issues. For example, inventing a language without recursion would not, as far as I know, shed any light on the controversy about whether recursion occurs in Piraha.
Third, although every good conlanger knows more about linguistics than most non-linguists do, conlanging involves making implicit or explicit whimsical or esthetic judgments about linguistic structures that have no place in linguistics. To a linguist, ergativity is interesting and worthy of study. To a conlanger, ergativity might be a *cool* feature to put in one's conlang, or conversely a *trite* feature since all the other conlangers are putting ergativity into their conlangs. A conlanger might also believe that copying natural language ergativity *isn't weird enough*, and might therefore look for ways of conditioning the ergative/acccusative split that don't occur in natural languages. Another conlanger might also think it would be *fun* to give ergative marking to some hypothetical relative of Latin. For conlangers, there is no limit to the whimsy.
I have often likened the difference between conlanging and linguistics to the difference between painting monsters and studying zoology. There are, I suppose, some zoologists who take an occasional interest in depictions of monsters, but it would not surprise me if most zoologists didn't share this interest. | Creating a language is like writing a novel or creating a sculpture: it can be a fun exercise, and an object of art for people to admire. If you happen to not be into a certain genre, you will probably not be interested in studying it.
I think the same thing applies to constructed languages. I personally do not find them very interesting, with some exceptions, such as Tolkien's languages—but even those I do not find interesting enough to study: I'm just glad they're there, because they make his books and stories all the more immersive and "realistic". (Many other constructed languages, on the other hand, I find crude or unimpressive for various reasons.)
If certain works of art have some sort of physical, historical, or social significance, then that can be another reason to study them. But it can feel like a waste of time if they haven't. I don't like studying a language that I feel I can't learn anything from, as in nothing relevant for how real languages work. This is probably why studying them is normally not a significant part of academic curricula. |
2,670 | There are linguists that are very much against conlanging, here are two commonly claimed reasons:
1. It's not science.
2. It wastes manpower, time and energy that should have been used to
rescue an already existing rare natural language or do field work.
The latter reason is also common among non-linguists.
What others are there? | 2012/10/06 | [
"https://linguistics.stackexchange.com/questions/2670",
"https://linguistics.stackexchange.com",
"https://linguistics.stackexchange.com/users/119/"
] | Not sure about being “against”, but I’ve seen some linguists dismiss conlang studies due to a strong form of nativism. Suppose you’re convinced that 1) all languages are variations of an universal, hard-wired human capacity; 2) languages can only be acquired “for real” when you’re a child in the critical period; and 3) the one true goal of linguistic science is to understand Language (defined in these terms). If so, then conlangs would be something like fake data. Natlangs are seen as clues to Language, but conlangs could lead you to wrong conclusions. | Though there are some linguists who express hostility toward conlanging, most notably Yaguello in her book "Lunatic Lovers of Language," I haven't heard of any general outcry from the linguistics community against conlanging. However, I do believe that most linguists consider natural language to be the proper subject matter of linguistics.
As a conlanger, I think that this is as it should be for several reasons.
First, linguists discover, document, and interpret their data. In linguistics, inventing the data is strictly forbidden for obvious reasons. But when I devise a conlang, inventing the data is not only permitted--it is the whole point of my hobby. I think that this makes conlanging something other than a science.
Second, a great deal of theoretical debate in linguistics is devoted to the degree to which linguistic knowledge is innate and to the existence of language universals. Since conlangs are almost never acquired naturally and can be designed with or without any of the proposed language universals, I don't see how the mere study of conlangs could have any bearing on such issues. For example, inventing a language without recursion would not, as far as I know, shed any light on the controversy about whether recursion occurs in Piraha.
Third, although every good conlanger knows more about linguistics than most non-linguists do, conlanging involves making implicit or explicit whimsical or esthetic judgments about linguistic structures that have no place in linguistics. To a linguist, ergativity is interesting and worthy of study. To a conlanger, ergativity might be a *cool* feature to put in one's conlang, or conversely a *trite* feature since all the other conlangers are putting ergativity into their conlangs. A conlanger might also believe that copying natural language ergativity *isn't weird enough*, and might therefore look for ways of conditioning the ergative/acccusative split that don't occur in natural languages. Another conlanger might also think it would be *fun* to give ergative marking to some hypothetical relative of Latin. For conlangers, there is no limit to the whimsy.
I have often likened the difference between conlanging and linguistics to the difference between painting monsters and studying zoology. There are, I suppose, some zoologists who take an occasional interest in depictions of monsters, but it would not surprise me if most zoologists didn't share this interest. |
2,670 | There are linguists that are very much against conlanging, here are two commonly claimed reasons:
1. It's not science.
2. It wastes manpower, time and energy that should have been used to
rescue an already existing rare natural language or do field work.
The latter reason is also common among non-linguists.
What others are there? | 2012/10/06 | [
"https://linguistics.stackexchange.com/questions/2670",
"https://linguistics.stackexchange.com",
"https://linguistics.stackexchange.com/users/119/"
] | That this currently isn't a field with much revenue (except maybe movie languages) or practical use associated with it has already been mentioned.
I think there is a throwing-out-the-baby-with-the-bath-water dynamic going on with the following triggers:
1. Crackpots. They exist in the conlang community and seem to be over-represented. Examples include aUi, by John Weilgart. All fields have crackpots, but some fields attract crackpots more than others. Weilgart said he got the inspiration for the language from (real) space aliens. This differs from say, Klingon, where the participants know they are real Trek fans and the aliens are fictional.
2. Auxlang promoters. Auxlang promoters, in the hopes of gaining followers, make wild claims, in particular claims about ease of learning, cultural neutrality and global utopia (or at least some substantive move in that direction).
3. Historical philosophical languages turned out to be a dead end as languages and lines of thought. The languages hoped to allow the universe ideas to be divided into hierarchal categories and additive "compound words" in the lexicon and for the grammar to follow some sort of "natural" syntax, i.e. little thought was given to syntax. e.g. John Wilkins's language, although it did inspire Roget's thesaurus. It didn't prove to be more useful (or at least, not more popular) than natural languages for discussing the world or philosophy.
4. Loglans (like lojban) promised to allow people to say what they mean and people would hear what that person meant. In other words, remove ambiguity in speech. In practice, loglans removed syntactic ambiguity for people who are good at mentally parsing like a machine parser, but left a lot of room for misunderstanding and semantic ambiguity. Loglans also promised to possibly be a way to communicate with machines, possibly for artificial intelligence applications. While a machine can parse lojban, I don't know of any implementations of a "run time" that does anything interesting with the parsed values (say, querying a store of lojban encoded facts, similar to how Prolog words). This doesn't mean loglans are useless, it is just another conlang that didn't deliver on the original promises.
And there is a scholar out there who wrote some remarkably hostile pychoanalytic-like analysis of the mental states of those who create/use artificial languages. I'm really sorry I can't find it.
With red flags like the above, I wouldn't be surprised if people see the field as sort of a quest to square the circle, create a perpetual motion machine, or the like.
I don't agree with them myself. In the field of languages for the profoundly disabled, such as deaf-blind, new things that look like languages are being invented by health care providers and they are doing a so-so or lousy job of it because they don't have any scientific rigor and methodology behind them. | Though there are some linguists who express hostility toward conlanging, most notably Yaguello in her book "Lunatic Lovers of Language," I haven't heard of any general outcry from the linguistics community against conlanging. However, I do believe that most linguists consider natural language to be the proper subject matter of linguistics.
As a conlanger, I think that this is as it should be for several reasons.
First, linguists discover, document, and interpret their data. In linguistics, inventing the data is strictly forbidden for obvious reasons. But when I devise a conlang, inventing the data is not only permitted--it is the whole point of my hobby. I think that this makes conlanging something other than a science.
Second, a great deal of theoretical debate in linguistics is devoted to the degree to which linguistic knowledge is innate and to the existence of language universals. Since conlangs are almost never acquired naturally and can be designed with or without any of the proposed language universals, I don't see how the mere study of conlangs could have any bearing on such issues. For example, inventing a language without recursion would not, as far as I know, shed any light on the controversy about whether recursion occurs in Piraha.
Third, although every good conlanger knows more about linguistics than most non-linguists do, conlanging involves making implicit or explicit whimsical or esthetic judgments about linguistic structures that have no place in linguistics. To a linguist, ergativity is interesting and worthy of study. To a conlanger, ergativity might be a *cool* feature to put in one's conlang, or conversely a *trite* feature since all the other conlangers are putting ergativity into their conlangs. A conlanger might also believe that copying natural language ergativity *isn't weird enough*, and might therefore look for ways of conditioning the ergative/acccusative split that don't occur in natural languages. Another conlanger might also think it would be *fun* to give ergative marking to some hypothetical relative of Latin. For conlangers, there is no limit to the whimsy.
I have often likened the difference between conlanging and linguistics to the difference between painting monsters and studying zoology. There are, I suppose, some zoologists who take an occasional interest in depictions of monsters, but it would not surprise me if most zoologists didn't share this interest. |
151,351 | [Spartan 6 clocking resources.](http://www.xilinx.com/support/documentation/user_guides/ug382.pdf) The link here refers to the clocking resources of spartan-6 FPGA. I am using the DCM-CLKGEN primitive described in the link, to generate a 8x clock based on an input clock. It works fine as long as the input clock is stable.
But now i sweep the input clock at every 90 us by ±5%. I see that although the DCM does not lose lock, it takes very long (15 to 20 us) to change the output freq after changing the input frequency. This is for me undesirable. Any suggestions?
This question was posted on the xilinx forum and the suggestion was to reset the DCM everytime it loses lock. But the problem is that the DCM is not losing lock
Also, this was earlier posted on stackoverflow and now has been reposted here. | 2015/01/28 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/151351",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/65403/"
] | I suggest that you talk to another professor.
I'm assuming you use an H-bridge motor controller to actually drive the motor. Without actually trying to implement it (that is, it may not work), I'd suggest that the controller has an enable input which will disable its internal drive. If you disable the controller just before you make the switchover, then reenable it just afterwards, the controller ought to handle the job.
Alternatively, if you provide a decent-sized capacitor at the controller input, it will provide current during the switchover. And while this is obviously impractical for prolonged outages, using MOSFET switches the switchover period should be measured in microseconds, and it's not hard to get a capacitor do that, even for fairly high currents.
Yet another possibility you might consider is to provide the two batteries at different voltages, with the high-demand battery (oddly enough) providing a slightly lower voltage than the cruise battery. Then you provide a switching circuit which looks like
[simulate this circuit](/plugins/schematics?image=http%3a%2f%2fi.stack.imgur.com%2f0myvl.png) – Schematic created using [CircuitLab](https://www.circuitlab.com/)
In cruise, the switch is closed, and since the cruise battery has a higher voltage than the acceleration battery, D1 is reverse-biased, and no current is drawn from the accel battery. If the switch is opened, the accel battery provides all the power.
The switch is used only to maximize efficiency. Some power is wasted during acceleration due to the drop across the diode (which is why a Schottky is specified), but this is only true during the relatively brief periods when high acceleration is called for. It also has the virtue of allowing the accel battery to act as reserve battery, just in case the cruise battery is exhausted during use.
It's perfectly possible to replace the switch with another diode. In this case, high current draw will hog down the cruise battery until the accel battery takes up the slack. This has a couple of drawbacks. The first, and most obvious, is that there is a continuous power loss due to diode heating. If you use a high voltage (and therefor lower current) battery, this will minimize the problem, but it may still be objectionable. A second, and less obvious difficulty is that as the cruise battery is discharged its voltage will lower, and the accel battery will be accessed more and more, until both batteries run out. | Here's a short answer which could be improved upon if we knew more about the currents and voltages you're working with. Data sheets, links, etc., to the motor and batteries would help.
: |
157,066 | 1. Because of his experience making his own films, he was hired as a script supervisor by Cathay Studios. **Soon afterwards**, Woo was able to start directing.
2. Because of his experience making his own films, he was hired as a script supervisor by Cathay Studios. **Soon**, Woo was able to start directing.
3. Because of his experience making his own films, he was hired as a script supervisor by Cathay Studios. **Afterwards**, Woo was able to start directing. | 2018/02/19 | [
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/questions/157066",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com",
"https://ell.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | The first one is more correct. When in doubt, try to split the sentences into parts:
>
> At what time does [the next plane to London] leave?
>
>
>
The subject in this sentence is "the next plane to London" - which is a perfectly correct way to distinguish it from both "the next plane to Madrid" or "the last plane to London". It's clear you're asking about the first plane which leaves for London, skipping all the other planes which leave for different destinations. On the other hand:
>
> At what time does [the next plane] leave (to London)?
>
>
>
The subject is "the next plane" - without any other qualifier, it would mean the first departing plane, without any concern for the destination. And you're asking when that particular plane leaves to London - to which the answer might be "it doesn't", if the plane is going somewhere else. | I agree with @maciej-stachowski that the first version is better, and I agree with their analysis of that version's syntax. *the next plane to London* is what you're asking about, and it's the plane that is flying to London soonest from your location.
I also think that answer makes a good point that *the next plane* by itself would refer to whichever plane is going to leave the soonest (regardless of destination). The phrasing of your second version with *to London* at the end is awkward and doesn't sound quite right. However, I think that if you replace *to* with *for* you will get a valid question that is equivalent in meaning to your first version:
>
> At what time does the next plane leave **for** London?
>
>
>
Normally, a vehicle (or person, or whatever) leaves *for* a particular destination (though they go *to* a destination, and maybe the word *going* is implicit in the phrase *the next plane to London* => *the next plane [going] to London*). I think you can ask the question this way and it will be understood that you're only asking about planes that are supposed to fly to London. That being said, I think a simpler way to phrase this question would be:
>
> When's the next plane to London?
>
>
>
If you were to ask this, it would be understood that you were talking about the departure time (as opposed to the arrival time). |
63,009 | My mom wants to do baking but her oven doesn't have bottom heating element. It only has an element on top, with a fan at the back.
She told me that she can't make me a good pizza or cake without it.
Is there any way around? | 2015/10/31 | [
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/questions/63009",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/users/40437/"
] | Many modern ovens seem to have unusual element configurations, but with a fan it makes no difference, just use as the oven manual indicates
Cooking a pizza in any domestic electric oven is tricky, as it requires more heat than an electric oven can generate. Using a metal or stone slab helps | For things that can be baked for a short period of time, you can partially compensate by adding a baking stone in the bottom of the oven, then sufficiently preheating the oven.
The stone will release its heat, resulting in there being some additional heat coming from the bottom of the oven.
For pizzas, you can move the stone closer to the top element, so that you can get it very hot, and then lay the pizza onto the stone, so that the bottom will cook from conduction, not just radiant heat.
If this still isn't enough for cooking a pizza, you can put the naked crust on the stone, let it cook until it's developed a bit of a crust on the top, flip it until you've browned the bottom, then remove it, top the pizza, and slide it back in (right side up).
You can also just brown it and then flip and top it, but your pizza will seem strange, as the top is now the flat side of the crust ... and the toppings will be more likely to slide. |
63,009 | My mom wants to do baking but her oven doesn't have bottom heating element. It only has an element on top, with a fan at the back.
She told me that she can't make me a good pizza or cake without it.
Is there any way around? | 2015/10/31 | [
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/questions/63009",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/users/40437/"
] | For things that can be baked for a short period of time, you can partially compensate by adding a baking stone in the bottom of the oven, then sufficiently preheating the oven.
The stone will release its heat, resulting in there being some additional heat coming from the bottom of the oven.
For pizzas, you can move the stone closer to the top element, so that you can get it very hot, and then lay the pizza onto the stone, so that the bottom will cook from conduction, not just radiant heat.
If this still isn't enough for cooking a pizza, you can put the naked crust on the stone, let it cook until it's developed a bit of a crust on the top, flip it until you've browned the bottom, then remove it, top the pizza, and slide it back in (right side up).
You can also just brown it and then flip and top it, but your pizza will seem strange, as the top is now the flat side of the crust ... and the toppings will be more likely to slide. | I know using a cast iron skillet starting off your pizzas on the bottom rack depending on the thickness of the crust for 15 to 25 minutes and raising it to the second to the top for the last 7 to 12 minutes and the cast iron skillet will continue cooking once you shut the oven off to make it nice and crispy... I will absolutely not make a pizza any other way |
63,009 | My mom wants to do baking but her oven doesn't have bottom heating element. It only has an element on top, with a fan at the back.
She told me that she can't make me a good pizza or cake without it.
Is there any way around? | 2015/10/31 | [
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/questions/63009",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/users/40437/"
] | Many modern ovens seem to have unusual element configurations, but with a fan it makes no difference, just use as the oven manual indicates
Cooking a pizza in any domestic electric oven is tricky, as it requires more heat than an electric oven can generate. Using a metal or stone slab helps | I have a similar type of oven. For basic baking (cake/brownies), I started turning the temp on the oven down about 20 degrees and baking the items for the max time. That seems to be helping.
HOWEVER, I am still struggling with pizza and pies (thus searching the internet, and stumbling onto this thread).
I might try the pizza stone method... |
63,009 | My mom wants to do baking but her oven doesn't have bottom heating element. It only has an element on top, with a fan at the back.
She told me that she can't make me a good pizza or cake without it.
Is there any way around? | 2015/10/31 | [
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/questions/63009",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/users/40437/"
] | I have a similar type of oven. For basic baking (cake/brownies), I started turning the temp on the oven down about 20 degrees and baking the items for the max time. That seems to be helping.
HOWEVER, I am still struggling with pizza and pies (thus searching the internet, and stumbling onto this thread).
I might try the pizza stone method... | I know using a cast iron skillet starting off your pizzas on the bottom rack depending on the thickness of the crust for 15 to 25 minutes and raising it to the second to the top for the last 7 to 12 minutes and the cast iron skillet will continue cooking once you shut the oven off to make it nice and crispy... I will absolutely not make a pizza any other way |
63,009 | My mom wants to do baking but her oven doesn't have bottom heating element. It only has an element on top, with a fan at the back.
She told me that she can't make me a good pizza or cake without it.
Is there any way around? | 2015/10/31 | [
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/questions/63009",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/users/40437/"
] | Many modern ovens seem to have unusual element configurations, but with a fan it makes no difference, just use as the oven manual indicates
Cooking a pizza in any domestic electric oven is tricky, as it requires more heat than an electric oven can generate. Using a metal or stone slab helps | I know using a cast iron skillet starting off your pizzas on the bottom rack depending on the thickness of the crust for 15 to 25 minutes and raising it to the second to the top for the last 7 to 12 minutes and the cast iron skillet will continue cooking once you shut the oven off to make it nice and crispy... I will absolutely not make a pizza any other way |
344,510 | [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/CUnSG.jpg)
According to my analysis, none of the options are correct. But the answer mentioned in my workbook is option B.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/evnkb.png)
In positive half cycle, I'm getting vo = vi.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/VTIjL.png)
And in negative half, vo = vi/2. This doesn't match any options. | 2017/12/11 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/344510",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | 1. Yes, the Zener breaks down because of the 10V offset. The sine wave is to allow you to measure the impedance of the Zener model at the test current.
2. From the datasheet you can usually find information that will help. Zx (dynamic impedance), for example, but it has to be specified at or near the operating current. This particular type of Zener from Rohm is rather poorly specified- perhaps the model parameters were extracted from actual measurements, or perhaps they're not all that realistic. | Any voltage above 6.2V will cause the Zener to break down.
Peak current will simply be (11.4 - 6.2)/100 = 52 mA |
344,510 | [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/CUnSG.jpg)
According to my analysis, none of the options are correct. But the answer mentioned in my workbook is option B.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/evnkb.png)
In positive half cycle, I'm getting vo = vi.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/VTIjL.png)
And in negative half, vo = vi/2. This doesn't match any options. | 2017/12/11 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/344510",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | Any voltage above 6.2V will cause the Zener to break down.
Peak current will simply be (11.4 - 6.2)/100 = 52 mA | Actually your voltage regulator works. 2,8Vpp input variation causes only 6mVpp variation in output. Not bad for a circuit this simple.
This regulator principle is not good, if you want to use the regulated voltage to supply some load which takes plenty of current and that current is not constant, but varies widely.
This principle of course works also in high current systems, but it wastes energy all the time. The zenerdiode sucks just as much as is needed to drop the voltage to about 6,2V when part of the resistor's current is taken by the possible load and the zenerdiode sucks the rest. |
344,510 | [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/CUnSG.jpg)
According to my analysis, none of the options are correct. But the answer mentioned in my workbook is option B.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/evnkb.png)
In positive half cycle, I'm getting vo = vi.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/VTIjL.png)
And in negative half, vo = vi/2. This doesn't match any options. | 2017/12/11 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/344510",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/-1/"
] | 1. Yes, the Zener breaks down because of the 10V offset. The sine wave is to allow you to measure the impedance of the Zener model at the test current.
2. From the datasheet you can usually find information that will help. Zx (dynamic impedance), for example, but it has to be specified at or near the operating current. This particular type of Zener from Rohm is rather poorly specified- perhaps the model parameters were extracted from actual measurements, or perhaps they're not all that realistic. | Actually your voltage regulator works. 2,8Vpp input variation causes only 6mVpp variation in output. Not bad for a circuit this simple.
This regulator principle is not good, if you want to use the regulated voltage to supply some load which takes plenty of current and that current is not constant, but varies widely.
This principle of course works also in high current systems, but it wastes energy all the time. The zenerdiode sucks just as much as is needed to drop the voltage to about 6,2V when part of the resistor's current is taken by the possible load and the zenerdiode sucks the rest. |
167,840 | I recently switched from Win 7 to Ubuntu 12.04...Best day of my life :)
I have a question relating to my Vodafone K3772-Z USB modem. When I plug it in, the lights start flashing on the device, meaning that it is functional. In the network menu I get a "Wired network Vodafone K3772-Z disconnected". I have set up the a connection by using Edit connections -> mobile broadband -> Add, but in the add window the "Create a connection for this mobile device" is blanked out and says "Any Device".
Does anyone perhaps have an idea of what I could do to get it working? | 2012/07/25 | [
"https://askubuntu.com/questions/167840",
"https://askubuntu.com",
"https://askubuntu.com/users/79131/"
] | You can use [SAKIS3G](http://www.sakis3g.org/) to form a connection without unlocking it. I never unlocked the device and it worked fine.
NOTE: I could also use another network's sim on a network locked device using SAKIS3G. | Just bought a Vodafone K3772-Z USB modem. Could not get it to work at all in 12.04 but, I have dual boot Windows 7 and 12.04.
Boot into Windows 7 and allow the Vodafone K3772-Z USB modem to register, install and check that its working. Then reboot back into Ubuntu.
Click on **Network Manager** indicator → **Edit Connections** → **Mobile Broadband** tab → **add the new Vodafone connection**.
It worked the first time without any issues. Why, I don't know. But, there must be something in Windows which has to activate the device first.
Hope this is of help. |
16,376 | I've currently got a Fedora 21 system that's set up *exactly* the way I like it. I've had to mess with SELinux a fair bit, and its a pain to get all that redone, so my usual method of cp and reinstall will not quite work.
I'd like to be able to back up my system essentially the same way I back up my Windows systems - I use Veem Endpoint Backup there, but no Linux port is planned.
Essentials:
* Automatic backups on a schedule (Say every day at night or at noon)
* Options for bare metal recovery (So I can fire up a purpose-built liveUSB, point it at my backups and *whoot*)
* Image-based, or at least maintains SELinux flags and other file attributes (I have a handful of Samba shares I spent entirely too much time setting up).
* doesn't insist on its own volume for backups ([as rear does by default](http://relax-and-recover.org/))
* runs on my regular install of Fedora 21, and has a maintained release for it.
* is only around as big as the space I have used.
Nice to have:
* a GUI
* incremental backups with automatic pruning of old backups
* Is a package available on standard Fedora or RPM Fusion repos
* I'm able to directly set a SMB share from the UI/command line and it handles mounting it (though I guess I can just permanently mount my backup dir)
* Able to exclude specific directories
Would be *sweet*
* uses an image file and additional files, and does fancy things with AUFS so I can pick which snapshot I want through a file browser.
Essentially the *ideal* workflow would be to have a recovery disk of some flavour, a main image of my system, and incremental backups that get pruned at a user-defined point of time.
I *don't* want a live CD. I want something that's essentially at least the same as every Windows disk image program, only running on Linux. I'm also not *really* looking for a pure file-level backup.
What I've actually tried?
mondo/mindi: Dosen't recognise my btrfs filesystem, segfaults. | 2015/01/18 | [
"https://softwarerecs.stackexchange.com/questions/16376",
"https://softwarerecs.stackexchange.com",
"https://softwarerecs.stackexchange.com/users/125/"
] | I've not tried this myself, but yesterday stumbled upon **[Systemback](http://sourceforge.net/projects/systemback/ "Systemback at Sourceforge")**, which claims to do exactly that:
>
> Systemback makes it easy to create backups of system and users configuration files. In case of problems you can easily restore the previous state of the system. There are extra features like **system copying,** system installation and Live system creation.
>
>
>
(emphasis mine)
A (currently "partly paywalled") [German article on LinuxUser](http://www.linux-community.de/Internal/Artikel/Print-Artikel/LinuxUser/2015/02/Schnappschuss "LinuxUser 2/2015: Schnappschuss") describes this software as "clones the entire running Linux system on the push of a button", and says this is especially useful for switching to a new computer. I know you're on Fedora, so the following might be no "perfect match" – but here's even a [Youtube video](http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A5YAdkPXvTQ "Youtube: Create System Restore Point In Linux Mint 17") showing how to "Create System Restore Point In Linux Mint 17".
Not having taken a look at it myself, I cannot vouch for it or offer any personal experience. But from between the lines, it seems to do an "image backup", seems to be suitable to create a "live medium", should be a good choice for your "bare metal" recovery, and more.
For a closer look, there's [an English article](http://linoxide.com/linux-how-to/systemback-backup-system/ "Systemback - Simple way to Backup/Restore your Linux System") describing how the entire thing works. From the screenshots, I can even confirm some of your "nice-to-haves": It comes with a GUI, supports multiple "restore points" (not sure if that's done incrementally, though – it rather sounds like "snapshots" as you might know them from virtual machines):
[][6]
Screenshot of *Systemback* (source: [Linoxide](http://linoxide.com/linux-how-to/systemback-backup-system/ "Systemback - Simple way to Backup/Restore your Linux System"); click image for larger variant)
And though I never used it myself, I'm pretty sure that should fit your needs. For more screenshots, head over to [the project's pages on Sourceforge](http://sourceforge.net/projects/systemback/ "Systemback at Sourceforge").
The only thing which makes me suspicious is: All articles I've found so far refer to Debian or derivates (Ubuntu, Mint) – no references to any RPM based system. So I'm not sure whether it can be applied on Fedora.
**Further references:**
* [SystemBack Is Great Application To Create System Restore Point In Ubuntu/Linux Mint](http://www.noobslab.com/2014/07/systemback-is-great-application-to.html)
* [Wiederherstellungspunkte unter Linux mit Systemback](http://pmeyhoefer.de/blog/wiederherstellungspunkte-unter-linux-mit-systemback/)
* [Systemback: Restore Your Linux System To Previous State](http://www.unixmen.com/systemback-restore-linux-system-previous-state/)
As I'm unsure whether *Systemback* will run on Fedora, let me name a few alternatives:
* [Timeshift](http://www.teejeetech.in/p/timeshift.html): explicitly mentions it works on "Linux (Debian/Ubuntu)" – so probably again not for Fedora.
* [Remastersys](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Remastersys): Again only seems to be Debianized, also [development is discontinued](http://www.remastersys.com/). | [fsarchiver](http://www.fsarchiver.org/) looks pretty nice. I'm not sure how much incremental-backup support it has, as it looks like it aims to be more of a dumpfs / restorefs. It can do mulithreaded [compression](http://www.fsarchiver.org/Compression); it maps 1-9 to a choice of lzo/gzip/bzip2/lzma with different settings. I think it only compresses file-at-a-time, to be more resilient to corruption, though. (It uses 32bit checksums on every block, and 128bit md5 on every whole file.)
I'm using it to archive my old laptop SSD before doing a destructive firmware update. Works fine so far, will update if the restore process isn't as easy as the dump.
When run, it mounts the block device to /tmp/fsa/. There's another way to run it, for dumping a directory tree, which I guess just works out of the live directory tree. Probably just skips the mount/unmount steps at the start/end. In that mode, it would be like a fancy version of tar or 7-zip, with parallel compression support, and careful archiving of all ACL/xattr/whatevers.
It has no problem [dumping a rw-mounted FS](http://www.fsarchiver.org/Live-backup), as long as you don't have a problem with the dump of different directories happening at different times. (the docs explain some of the potential pitfalls.) |
56,943,008 | I am looking for a way that I can develop an app cheaply for a very specific use.
Specifically, I would like to create an game that can be played online between different phones.
I have some coding and development experience, and I would like to make the app iOS compatible (initially... open to Android integration later on).
Is anyone aware of a way to make an app without paying $99+ a year to be deployed on the app store? I simply need to make it available to approximately 15 people, and am uninterested in making any money or widely distributing the app.
Many of the target audience are in low-income areas of the world and have very limited access to computers, so a mobile application is likely my only option.
Thanks in advance for any help!
I have done research into Apple developer accounts, but it doesn't seem to fit my needs. I have also looked into making an Ad-Hoc account app, but can't find a lot of info on the feasibility of this. | 2019/07/08 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/56943008",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/11756696/"
] | One thing to consider is what are the game performance requirements?
If it is a simple game, using a [Javascript game engine](https://github.com/bebraw/jswiki/wiki/Game-Engines) may be a better option as it can be hosted on a server (and viewed in a browser) to start with, and later bundled in a progressive web app with [PWA Builder](https://www.pwabuilder.com). | To developp on Android, it's free, you just pay if you want to publish the app on store.
For ios, you can't do anything without creating a developper account, so pay $99.
You're always able to use a cross-platform langage (react native, flutter for ex.) but as soon as you want to deploy on real apple device, you'll need to pay. |
351,218 | I just posted to our blog about our [Third Quarter Community Roadmap for 2020](https://stackoverflow.blog/2020/07/23/the-loop-our-community-roadmap-for-q3-2020/).
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/jIMF1.png)
Please see the post for details on the projects that our Community and Public Platform teams aim to work on this quarter.
We are interested in your thoughts and questions regarding our upcoming projects and priorities on the roadmap. | 2020/07/23 | [
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/351218",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/users/139284/"
] | Some sites have asked to have their vote to close threshold lowered, from 5 to 3.
It's something that would be really nice, and while some CMs had access to do it in the past, now they do not. As it requires a dev to help our CM, could this be on the roadmap? It's maybe not a big item, but some sites are waiting for such change.
It's a change that was planned just before some CM firings, but now our remaining CMs have that task left in their hands
I ask, as I keep poking our CM for that in TL, but they have no dev time allowed for the task. It's not their fault, but if the item is not on the roadmap then that does not help them to get the resources to do it. | Your efforts are very much appreciated!
I find it extremely encouraging that you managed to get onto a path that seems to combine very different interests: On the one hand, the legitimate business need to attract users and paying customers. On the other hand, such core elements like improving moderation culture and tooling. And while diversity is still in, your plan acknowledges that "user happiness" also has a lot to do with "technical aspects should need to be logical and working"!
It is great to see how you folks kept course during this global crisis, and I am looking forward to participating with increasing frequency in the coming months, simply because you created an environment that invites your users to do so! |
351,218 | I just posted to our blog about our [Third Quarter Community Roadmap for 2020](https://stackoverflow.blog/2020/07/23/the-loop-our-community-roadmap-for-q3-2020/).
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/jIMF1.png)
Please see the post for details on the projects that our Community and Public Platform teams aim to work on this quarter.
We are interested in your thoughts and questions regarding our upcoming projects and priorities on the roadmap. | 2020/07/23 | [
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/351218",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/users/139284/"
] | Since I'm in the middle of trying to get some moderation in place on the *moderator* end of things, and rustling up some missing functionality - does this involve retrofitting moderation tools into the "legacy" [TL](https://meta.stackexchange.com/tags/teachers-lounge/info), or enhancing the temp-permanent one on the MSE chat-server?
If it's the latter - would it be possible to take into account tools/abilities for TL Room Owners in the process?
If there's any secret squirrel stuff going on - I'm happy to move the conversation elsewhere. | >
> Downvotes research (July)
>
>
> Receiving downvotes on Stack Overflow can be a frustrating and
> confusing experience. We currently ask users to downvote posts that
> are not useful or are unclear, but this can be subjective and
> interpreted in different ways. We will run a short targeted onsite
> survey to better understand what motivates users to downvote a post
> and **use this data to inform inclusion and engagement opportunities.**
>
>
>
Whom do you plan to inform here?
From *inclusion and engagement* part it reads like you want to engage and inform users that downvote posts.
If that is true, I think you are missing main point. Downvotes are for poor and unsuitable content, they are cast because users asking questions (or posting answers) are not following site guidelines.
If you eliminate users that will not follow guidelines no matter what, what remains are users that were not properly informed about guidelines before posting. This is huge pain point, especially on Stack Overflow. You need to improve informing about guidelines and informing about consequences before users start writing their first posts. |
351,218 | I just posted to our blog about our [Third Quarter Community Roadmap for 2020](https://stackoverflow.blog/2020/07/23/the-loop-our-community-roadmap-for-q3-2020/).
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/jIMF1.png)
Please see the post for details on the projects that our Community and Public Platform teams aim to work on this quarter.
We are interested in your thoughts and questions regarding our upcoming projects and priorities on the roadmap. | 2020/07/23 | [
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/351218",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/users/139284/"
] | The blog post implies that "Downvotes Research" is going to be limited to Stack Overflow here. I suspect you'll find very different results if you also start looking at the more subjective sites instead of just the technically oriented ones, and especially the sites which deal with more controversial topics (e.g. [IPS](https://interpersonal.stackexchange.com), [Politics](https://politics.stackexchange.com) or [any](https://judaism.stackexchange.com) [of](https://christianity.stackexchange.com) [the](https://islam.stackexchange.com) [religion](https://hinduism.stackexchange.com) [sites](https://buddhism.stackexchange.com)). And that's not even getting into the whole "[Voting is different on Meta](https://meta.stackexchange.com/help/whats-meta)" effect.
Also, will you be looking into how users feel after being downvoted, or are you just focusing on why users cast downvotes for now? | Some sites have asked to have their vote to close threshold lowered, from 5 to 3.
It's something that would be really nice, and while some CMs had access to do it in the past, now they do not. As it requires a dev to help our CM, could this be on the roadmap? It's maybe not a big item, but some sites are waiting for such change.
It's a change that was planned just before some CM firings, but now our remaining CMs have that task left in their hands
I ask, as I keep poking our CM for that in TL, but they have no dev time allowed for the task. It's not their fault, but if the item is not on the roadmap then that does not help them to get the resources to do it. |
351,218 | I just posted to our blog about our [Third Quarter Community Roadmap for 2020](https://stackoverflow.blog/2020/07/23/the-loop-our-community-roadmap-for-q3-2020/).
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/jIMF1.png)
Please see the post for details on the projects that our Community and Public Platform teams aim to work on this quarter.
We are interested in your thoughts and questions regarding our upcoming projects and priorities on the roadmap. | 2020/07/23 | [
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/351218",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/users/139284/"
] | Since I'm in the middle of trying to get some moderation in place on the *moderator* end of things, and rustling up some missing functionality - does this involve retrofitting moderation tools into the "legacy" [TL](https://meta.stackexchange.com/tags/teachers-lounge/info), or enhancing the temp-permanent one on the MSE chat-server?
If it's the latter - would it be possible to take into account tools/abilities for TL Room Owners in the process?
If there's any secret squirrel stuff going on - I'm happy to move the conversation elsewhere. | Your efforts are very much appreciated!
I find it extremely encouraging that you managed to get onto a path that seems to combine very different interests: On the one hand, the legitimate business need to attract users and paying customers. On the other hand, such core elements like improving moderation culture and tooling. And while diversity is still in, your plan acknowledges that "user happiness" also has a lot to do with "technical aspects should need to be logical and working"!
It is great to see how you folks kept course during this global crisis, and I am looking forward to participating with increasing frequency in the coming months, simply because you created an environment that invites your users to do so! |
351,218 | I just posted to our blog about our [Third Quarter Community Roadmap for 2020](https://stackoverflow.blog/2020/07/23/the-loop-our-community-roadmap-for-q3-2020/).
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/jIMF1.png)
Please see the post for details on the projects that our Community and Public Platform teams aim to work on this quarter.
We are interested in your thoughts and questions regarding our upcoming projects and priorities on the roadmap. | 2020/07/23 | [
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/351218",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/users/139284/"
] | **Update:** Y'all should *really* be looking at how GitHub does this: <https://github.com/github/roadmap>
Just a *brilliant* bit of information design. Each task follows a consistent format:
1. **Summary** - a succinct, clear description of the task.
2. **Intended Outcome** - the expected result of the task's successful completion.
3. **How will it work?** - a detailed description of what the task involves.
Textual and visual metadata is then used to indicate the progress of each task and what it pertains to. The resulting roadmap can be quickly scanned and parsed for relevant information. I cannot recommend this highly enough!
Original answer
---------------
Nineteen tasks for this quarter, eh? That's... Ambitious...
[I published my thoughts on the last two quarters' tasks](https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/351024/stack-overflow-2020-q12-company-commitments-report-card) a bit ago, and while they sparked some good discussion at least one person got *pretty salty* about some of the assumptions I'd made about the nature of the tasks. So in the interest of transparency, I figured I'd post my assumptions *up front* this time.
Notes on and assumed purpose of the 2020 3rd quarter roadmap tasks
------------------------------------------------------------------
This is how I've interpreted the tasks laid out for the current quarter:
### Training Launch (Platform / Conflict resolution course)
An employee clarified in the comments that this was completed earlier this month.
**Assumed test for success:** Platform is re-used for D&I stuff mentioned in later task.
### Moderator Quarterly Survey
Hooray! Please publish results. Surveys are like the Doomsday Machine in that *[Dr. Strangelove](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dr._Strangelove)* movie: they're only effective if folks know about them. I've seen what happens when you do regular surveys and don't publish the results or do anything in response to them: folks stop taking the survey.
**Assumed test for success:** results are published somewhere.
### Moderator Council: Governance
This sounds useful. Also useful: [giving them something useful to do](https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/350265/why-is-the-moderator-councils-role-in-the-new-reinstatement-process-such-weak-s).
**Assumed test for success:** moderator council figures out why they exist.
### New Moderator Agreement
This is done-ish, unless too many moderators refuse to sign it. In which case, you'd better hope that the "Election Automation" task further down moves from "discovery" to "implementation" *very* quickly.
**Assumed test for success:** there are still enough moderators come September.
### Lavender Letter Follow Up
Good. I'm *epically* tardy with responding to letters, but 10 months is impressive even to me.
**Assumed test for success:** a response emerges that *isn't,* "there will be a response".
### Review Queue: Reviewer Suspend Experience
This is already underway!
**Assumed test for success:** fewer repeat suspensions, same number of people reviewing (or more), meta is not attacked by mobs of reviewers with torches and hay forks upset about their suspensions.
### SME Content Strategy & Content Release
So... Subject matter experts are going to do something, somewhere?
**Assumed test for success:** subject matter experts do something, somewhere.
### Downvotes Research
Another survey! Gonna just re-use what I wrote for the last one:
Hooray! Please publish results. Surveys are like the Doomsday Machine in that Dr. Strangelove movie: they're only effective if folks know about them. I've seen what happens when you do regular surveys and don't publish the results or do anything in response to them: folks stop taking the survey.
**Assumed test for success:** results are published somewhere.
### Reactions Test Analysis
This is good. There was a LOT of feedback, both on meta and spread across the 'Net. Looking forward to an *epic* report here - don't forget that you can ask a dev to increase the maximum post length on meta!
**Assumed test for success:** a report is published that covers the outcome of the test in detail, summarizes all the responses, and lays out next steps.
### Moderator D&I Training
This is a good idea. But... It was a good idea a year ago too - actually *finding or creating* useful training turned out to be much more difficult. A big part of the problem was that moderators don't stand to benefit much from the standard "D&I" courses that most new employees have to sit through these days (y'know. The ones where an animation slowly explains that fraud and harassment are *bad, bad things*) - what they actually need is the training that the folks *giving* D&I training get. And that turned out to be harder to line up than a Flash animation.
**Assumed test for success:** moderators report receiving training that is actually useful and relevant to what they do as moderators.
### New User Email Series v2
The lessons of the last attempt here should be:
1. Don't send people scary insulting emails
2. Don't send people *irrelevant* emails
Those are... some pretty low bars to clear, but... They should've been the first time too.
**Assumed test for success:** nobody reports receiving irrelevant, insulting, or scary emails.
### Internationalization - Discovery
I *hope* this means the *international* versions of Stack Overflow are going to get more support.
**Assumed test for success:** a new era of first-class support for languages and cultures other than English / Western. Failing that, Aki gets access to CM tools so that she can finally just edit the Japanese help center articles.
### Election Automation - Discovery
I first asked for this in 2012. If it actually gets done before 2022, I'll cheer.
**Assumed test for success:** literally anything happens with election tooling.
### Teachers Lounge Moderation Tools for Community Managers
I assume this means the TL is still sitting in that hack of a room I put together on MSE after certain people did the textual equivalent of throwing Molotov cocktails into the old TL, repeatedly, for weeks. Sad. I hate to say it, but this isn't going to work unless there are TL moderation tools for moderators as well - there are only four CMs left, and while they probably *can* still manage 24/7 coverage if need-be... It's sort of cruel to ask for that. It was pretty cruel already last year.
**Assumed test for success:** next time someone sets off a bomb in the TL, it doesn't burn for days.
### Interaction Modeling / Engaged User Satisfaction
Complicated title for something that there's no description of. I am going to guess... Another survey?
My copypasta key is wearing out; please see notes under "Moderator Quarterly Survey" and "Downvotes Research".
### Area 51: The Way Forward - Discovery
Big, if true.
**Assumed test for success:** any sort of plan or analysis of Area 51 is published. Ideally one that doesn't just badly reinvent something Robert proposed 6 years ago.
### New Editor
Please, please, *please* just steal one from a site that already *has* a good Markdown editor. SO's editor was best-in-class 12 years ago, but it's been lapped many times now; heck, <https://stackedit.io> *started* with SO's editor and has long ago left it in the dust. Y'all don't have to try for something world-changing here, just aim for parity with what's already winning: take the one from GitHub, or StackEdit, or [Visual Studio Code](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_Studio_Code), or innumerable other places that've actually spent serious time making good editors over the past decade. Then use the time you save to beef up support for pasting in code - that's *the* big failure-scenario for new SO users.
P.S. Please don't steal Reddit's; it sucks.
**Assumed test for success:** an editor that rivals the one in Visual Studio Code. Or *is* the one in Visual Studio Code.
### GDPR Consent Management v2
Well, that sounds vaguely ominous. But, legal things generally do.
**Assumed test for success:** Stack Overflow complies with all relevant European laws regarding the privacy and retention of personal information.
---
That's it! If there are errors or inaccuracies in any of the above, feel free to edit, or just post corrections to the blog. | Since I'm in the middle of trying to get some moderation in place on the *moderator* end of things, and rustling up some missing functionality - does this involve retrofitting moderation tools into the "legacy" [TL](https://meta.stackexchange.com/tags/teachers-lounge/info), or enhancing the temp-permanent one on the MSE chat-server?
If it's the latter - would it be possible to take into account tools/abilities for TL Room Owners in the process?
If there's any secret squirrel stuff going on - I'm happy to move the conversation elsewhere. |
351,218 | I just posted to our blog about our [Third Quarter Community Roadmap for 2020](https://stackoverflow.blog/2020/07/23/the-loop-our-community-roadmap-for-q3-2020/).
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/jIMF1.png)
Please see the post for details on the projects that our Community and Public Platform teams aim to work on this quarter.
We are interested in your thoughts and questions regarding our upcoming projects and priorities on the roadmap. | 2020/07/23 | [
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/351218",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/users/139284/"
] | The blog post implies that "Downvotes Research" is going to be limited to Stack Overflow here. I suspect you'll find very different results if you also start looking at the more subjective sites instead of just the technically oriented ones, and especially the sites which deal with more controversial topics (e.g. [IPS](https://interpersonal.stackexchange.com), [Politics](https://politics.stackexchange.com) or [any](https://judaism.stackexchange.com) [of](https://christianity.stackexchange.com) [the](https://islam.stackexchange.com) [religion](https://hinduism.stackexchange.com) [sites](https://buddhism.stackexchange.com)). And that's not even getting into the whole "[Voting is different on Meta](https://meta.stackexchange.com/help/whats-meta)" effect.
Also, will you be looking into how users feel after being downvoted, or are you just focusing on why users cast downvotes for now? | >
> Downvotes research (July)
>
>
> Receiving downvotes on Stack Overflow can be a frustrating and
> confusing experience. We currently ask users to downvote posts that
> are not useful or are unclear, but this can be subjective and
> interpreted in different ways. We will run a short targeted onsite
> survey to better understand what motivates users to downvote a post
> and **use this data to inform inclusion and engagement opportunities.**
>
>
>
Whom do you plan to inform here?
From *inclusion and engagement* part it reads like you want to engage and inform users that downvote posts.
If that is true, I think you are missing main point. Downvotes are for poor and unsuitable content, they are cast because users asking questions (or posting answers) are not following site guidelines.
If you eliminate users that will not follow guidelines no matter what, what remains are users that were not properly informed about guidelines before posting. This is huge pain point, especially on Stack Overflow. You need to improve informing about guidelines and informing about consequences before users start writing their first posts. |
351,218 | I just posted to our blog about our [Third Quarter Community Roadmap for 2020](https://stackoverflow.blog/2020/07/23/the-loop-our-community-roadmap-for-q3-2020/).
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/jIMF1.png)
Please see the post for details on the projects that our Community and Public Platform teams aim to work on this quarter.
We are interested in your thoughts and questions regarding our upcoming projects and priorities on the roadmap. | 2020/07/23 | [
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/351218",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/users/139284/"
] | I'd just like to take the time to give a quick thank you to Yaakov and the team for a quick response to some of the concerns raised about this blog post.
In [Discord](https://discord.gg/XkuSNvq), a concern was raised about how D&I training was mentioned for *moderators*, but there was no mention of that same training for staff. The blog post was edited to address this fairly quickly.
There was also the image alt text issue brought up in Seb's answer, which ended up with the alt text that I added here being put into the blog post itself.
Sara's comments about planning on doing better in the future were also appreciated.
So thanks for the quick responses and addressing the feedback! | Your efforts are very much appreciated!
I find it extremely encouraging that you managed to get onto a path that seems to combine very different interests: On the one hand, the legitimate business need to attract users and paying customers. On the other hand, such core elements like improving moderation culture and tooling. And while diversity is still in, your plan acknowledges that "user happiness" also has a lot to do with "technical aspects should need to be logical and working"!
It is great to see how you folks kept course during this global crisis, and I am looking forward to participating with increasing frequency in the coming months, simply because you created an environment that invites your users to do so! |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.