qid int64 1 74.7M | question stringlengths 12 33.8k | date stringlengths 10 10 | metadata list | response_j stringlengths 0 115k | response_k stringlengths 2 98.3k |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
15,882 | Just like the newly presented iMessage but instead of just between iOS devices, with the Mac too.
I've looked at Handoff. It can only send links to the iPhone from the Mac.
I've looked at Droplr. It requires public sharing on a Twitter account. Not what I want.
I've been using email and have been recommended Evernote. But these solutions require a document that I must create, wait to sync, and/or later delete to free up clutter. I just want to send a quick message.
I just want an app/application pair that can quickly share links, notes, and pictures between devices, like iMessage.
Does what I desire exist? | 2011/06/13 | [
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/15882",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/users/4729/"
] | Apple OSX Mountain Lion has been announced, it includes a few of the iOS apps on the mac desktop such as Notes, Game Center, reminders, twitter and message.
<http://www.apple.com/macosx/mountain-lion/> | iTunes.
iTunes will sync Safari bookmarks, Notes app notes and photos.
iMessage doesn't sync anything between devices. It's like GMail for text messaging. You access your text messaging conversations from any device. |
15,882 | Just like the newly presented iMessage but instead of just between iOS devices, with the Mac too.
I've looked at Handoff. It can only send links to the iPhone from the Mac.
I've looked at Droplr. It requires public sharing on a Twitter account. Not what I want.
I've been using email and have been recommended Evernote. But these solutions require a document that I must create, wait to sync, and/or later delete to free up clutter. I just want to send a quick message.
I just want an app/application pair that can quickly share links, notes, and pictures between devices, like iMessage.
Does what I desire exist? | 2011/06/13 | [
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/15882",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/users/4729/"
] | I agree iMessage is the best solution. For those that (for whatever reason, may not be able to use this) here is a solution for quick notes sync. I created a contact on my iPhone called "My Notes" and put what text I want on the notes section and it instantly syncs with Address Book on my mac. And at the desktop I do the reverse, I go to the same contact and add a note in the notes section and it syncs instantly.
Quick, no file to create/save/manually sync/whatever.
However, it's only for quick text notes, not photos/files/etc.
I thought it was cool ;) but iMessenger is more complete and now it's available... but hey, it's good to have choices. | I don't know iMessage and I can't see why you need this, but there is [Syncopy](http://appshopper.com/productivity/syncopy). Hope this does it. |
15,882 | Just like the newly presented iMessage but instead of just between iOS devices, with the Mac too.
I've looked at Handoff. It can only send links to the iPhone from the Mac.
I've looked at Droplr. It requires public sharing on a Twitter account. Not what I want.
I've been using email and have been recommended Evernote. But these solutions require a document that I must create, wait to sync, and/or later delete to free up clutter. I just want to send a quick message.
I just want an app/application pair that can quickly share links, notes, and pictures between devices, like iMessage.
Does what I desire exist? | 2011/06/13 | [
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/15882",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/users/4729/"
] | Apple OSX Mountain Lion has been announced, it includes a few of the iOS apps on the mac desktop such as Notes, Game Center, reminders, twitter and message.
<http://www.apple.com/macosx/mountain-lion/> | RE: ".. I just want an app/application pair that can quickly share links, notes, and pictures between devices, like iMessage."
There is nothing I know of that does everything you require as simply as iMessage, but I can give you my solution for this (since this is something that I also require).
For quickly sharing links & notes between iOS devices and a Mac (as well as PCs running Windows or Linux), I use [simplenote](http://simplenoteapp.com/).
You can create a free account and then start using simplenote on all of your devices, simply through their web login (you can also buy a neat simplenote app so that you can store your notes offline, when you are not connected to the internet, but this is optional).
For quickly sharing photos between iOS devices and a Mac, I use [instagram](http://instagr.am/).
Finally, for when I don't want to write a note to myself, but just simply take note of a particular web site (or URL), I use [instapaper](http://www.instapaper.com/) (which is free a web based service that you can use, as well as an optional iOS app that you can buy).
Please note, since instagram and simplenote both have published their web api's, there are a number of instagram and simplenote clients that you can install on your Mac (again, this is optional, since you can just use their free web based service).
The following are optional apps you can install on a Mac :
For the Mac, I use [nvALT](http://brettterpstra.com/project/nvalt/), which syncs my simplenote notes without needing to use a web browser to login to their web site.
Also, you may find [Screenstagram](http://www.barbariangroup.com/software/screenstagram) a nice instagram screen saver on the Mac.
For a full fledged instagram client, try [instaDesk](http://mac.appstorm.net/reviews/internet-reviews/bring-instagram-to-your-mac-with-instadesk/), or [Carousel](http://www.macworld.com/article/159826/2011/05/carousel_instagram_os_x.html).
Hope this helps. |
15,882 | Just like the newly presented iMessage but instead of just between iOS devices, with the Mac too.
I've looked at Handoff. It can only send links to the iPhone from the Mac.
I've looked at Droplr. It requires public sharing on a Twitter account. Not what I want.
I've been using email and have been recommended Evernote. But these solutions require a document that I must create, wait to sync, and/or later delete to free up clutter. I just want to send a quick message.
I just want an app/application pair that can quickly share links, notes, and pictures between devices, like iMessage.
Does what I desire exist? | 2011/06/13 | [
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/15882",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/users/4729/"
] | Looks like Apple answered my prayers themselves:
<http://www.apple.com/macosx/mountain-lion/messages-beta/>
What a lot of posters weren't getting is that I don't want to use synced notes and email because that requires a tedious "compose" stage and also leaves behind a bunch of clutter that I either have to search through or delete later.
iMessage lets me quickly send a new message and/or file, lets focus on the latest message, and automatically gets rid of earlier messages over time. | Currently, the best app for this is [DeskConnect](http://deskconnect.com/). |
15,882 | Just like the newly presented iMessage but instead of just between iOS devices, with the Mac too.
I've looked at Handoff. It can only send links to the iPhone from the Mac.
I've looked at Droplr. It requires public sharing on a Twitter account. Not what I want.
I've been using email and have been recommended Evernote. But these solutions require a document that I must create, wait to sync, and/or later delete to free up clutter. I just want to send a quick message.
I just want an app/application pair that can quickly share links, notes, and pictures between devices, like iMessage.
Does what I desire exist? | 2011/06/13 | [
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/15882",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/users/4729/"
] | The best solution I have found for quick and seamless transfer of clips, pictures and links is [PasteBot](http://tapbots.com/software/pastebot/).
Currently it works for WiFi sync, but in practice, my phone is always with me when I get home and I don't really need the data to get to the mac sooner than when I'm back home. I would expect them to try to extend the syncing to use the iCloud API announced but still in beta testing - but there's no promise it will work just like iMessage over the air using sync.
I don't use PasteBot to share links since I use [pinboard.in](http://pinboard.in/howto/) and [instapaper](http://www.instapaper.com/faq) for that and they work so much better for me than getting the links over a clipboard. The announced Reading List sync between iOS and Safari on the desktop might also serve your needs.
Good luck - there are many options and hopefully you find one that works best for you. | [Evernote](http://www.evernote.com/) does this. Photos, notes, screenshots, audio memos, etc. can be captured and shared between your Mac and iPhone. |
15,882 | Just like the newly presented iMessage but instead of just between iOS devices, with the Mac too.
I've looked at Handoff. It can only send links to the iPhone from the Mac.
I've looked at Droplr. It requires public sharing on a Twitter account. Not what I want.
I've been using email and have been recommended Evernote. But these solutions require a document that I must create, wait to sync, and/or later delete to free up clutter. I just want to send a quick message.
I just want an app/application pair that can quickly share links, notes, and pictures between devices, like iMessage.
Does what I desire exist? | 2011/06/13 | [
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/15882",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/users/4729/"
] | I agree iMessage is the best solution. For those that (for whatever reason, may not be able to use this) here is a solution for quick notes sync. I created a contact on my iPhone called "My Notes" and put what text I want on the notes section and it instantly syncs with Address Book on my mac. And at the desktop I do the reverse, I go to the same contact and add a note in the notes section and it syncs instantly.
Quick, no file to create/save/manually sync/whatever.
However, it's only for quick text notes, not photos/files/etc.
I thought it was cool ;) but iMessenger is more complete and now it's available... but hey, it's good to have choices. | There is no need for third-party apps whether free or paid.
Notes on iOS syncs with Mail.app on OS X across accounts; iCloud not required.
As far as pictures, they do require iCloud syncing. The photos part are synced to ~/Library/Application Support/iLifeAssetManagement/assets/sub each photo into a file. There exists a script that does copy the photos into a directory of your choice. You can search for it.
For movies I have not found a simple and elegant way to have them sync over the air yet; without the clutter of third-party solution of course.
I hope this does suffice.
It would be nice to click and hold on something you want to share in iOS and request that it be sent to OS X. Right click on something you want to be sent to iOS and have it sent that way as well. |
15,882 | Just like the newly presented iMessage but instead of just between iOS devices, with the Mac too.
I've looked at Handoff. It can only send links to the iPhone from the Mac.
I've looked at Droplr. It requires public sharing on a Twitter account. Not what I want.
I've been using email and have been recommended Evernote. But these solutions require a document that I must create, wait to sync, and/or later delete to free up clutter. I just want to send a quick message.
I just want an app/application pair that can quickly share links, notes, and pictures between devices, like iMessage.
Does what I desire exist? | 2011/06/13 | [
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/15882",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/users/4729/"
] | Apple OSX Mountain Lion has been announced, it includes a few of the iOS apps on the mac desktop such as Notes, Game Center, reminders, twitter and message.
<http://www.apple.com/macosx/mountain-lion/> | I don't know iMessage and I can't see why you need this, but there is [Syncopy](http://appshopper.com/productivity/syncopy). Hope this does it. |
15,882 | Just like the newly presented iMessage but instead of just between iOS devices, with the Mac too.
I've looked at Handoff. It can only send links to the iPhone from the Mac.
I've looked at Droplr. It requires public sharing on a Twitter account. Not what I want.
I've been using email and have been recommended Evernote. But these solutions require a document that I must create, wait to sync, and/or later delete to free up clutter. I just want to send a quick message.
I just want an app/application pair that can quickly share links, notes, and pictures between devices, like iMessage.
Does what I desire exist? | 2011/06/13 | [
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/15882",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/users/4729/"
] | RE: ".. I just want an app/application pair that can quickly share links, notes, and pictures between devices, like iMessage."
There is nothing I know of that does everything you require as simply as iMessage, but I can give you my solution for this (since this is something that I also require).
For quickly sharing links & notes between iOS devices and a Mac (as well as PCs running Windows or Linux), I use [simplenote](http://simplenoteapp.com/).
You can create a free account and then start using simplenote on all of your devices, simply through their web login (you can also buy a neat simplenote app so that you can store your notes offline, when you are not connected to the internet, but this is optional).
For quickly sharing photos between iOS devices and a Mac, I use [instagram](http://instagr.am/).
Finally, for when I don't want to write a note to myself, but just simply take note of a particular web site (or URL), I use [instapaper](http://www.instapaper.com/) (which is free a web based service that you can use, as well as an optional iOS app that you can buy).
Please note, since instagram and simplenote both have published their web api's, there are a number of instagram and simplenote clients that you can install on your Mac (again, this is optional, since you can just use their free web based service).
The following are optional apps you can install on a Mac :
For the Mac, I use [nvALT](http://brettterpstra.com/project/nvalt/), which syncs my simplenote notes without needing to use a web browser to login to their web site.
Also, you may find [Screenstagram](http://www.barbariangroup.com/software/screenstagram) a nice instagram screen saver on the Mac.
For a full fledged instagram client, try [instaDesk](http://mac.appstorm.net/reviews/internet-reviews/bring-instagram-to-your-mac-with-instadesk/), or [Carousel](http://www.macworld.com/article/159826/2011/05/carousel_instagram_os_x.html).
Hope this helps. | Currently, the best app for this is [DeskConnect](http://deskconnect.com/). |
15,882 | Just like the newly presented iMessage but instead of just between iOS devices, with the Mac too.
I've looked at Handoff. It can only send links to the iPhone from the Mac.
I've looked at Droplr. It requires public sharing on a Twitter account. Not what I want.
I've been using email and have been recommended Evernote. But these solutions require a document that I must create, wait to sync, and/or later delete to free up clutter. I just want to send a quick message.
I just want an app/application pair that can quickly share links, notes, and pictures between devices, like iMessage.
Does what I desire exist? | 2011/06/13 | [
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/15882",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/users/4729/"
] | I agree iMessage is the best solution. For those that (for whatever reason, may not be able to use this) here is a solution for quick notes sync. I created a contact on my iPhone called "My Notes" and put what text I want on the notes section and it instantly syncs with Address Book on my mac. And at the desktop I do the reverse, I go to the same contact and add a note in the notes section and it syncs instantly.
Quick, no file to create/save/manually sync/whatever.
However, it's only for quick text notes, not photos/files/etc.
I thought it was cool ;) but iMessenger is more complete and now it's available... but hey, it's good to have choices. | [Evernote](http://www.evernote.com/) does this. Photos, notes, screenshots, audio memos, etc. can be captured and shared between your Mac and iPhone. |
3,412,268 | 1. What is API?
2. What is Importance of it?
3. give me example of it?
4. how can developer use API? | 2010/08/05 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3412268",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/174761/"
] | For a broad answer to your question you can check wikipedia:
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_programming_interface>
>
> An API is an abstraction that describes an interface for the interaction with a set of functions used by components of a software system. The software providing the functions described by an API is said to be an implementation of the API.
>
>
> | An application programming interface (API) is an interface implemented by a software program which enables it to interact with other software. It facilitates interaction between different software programs similar to the way the user interface facilitates interaction between humans and computers. An API is implemented by applications, libraries, and operating systems to determine their vocabularies and calling conventions, and is used to access their services. It may include specifications for routines, data structures, object classes, and protocols used to communicate between the consumer and the implementer of the API
What Good Are They?
APIs allow us to tie functionality into websites that would otherwise take an enormous amount of time and effort to build from scratch. APIs are a sanctioned way of reusing someone else’s functionality without having to build it all yourself.
<http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Application_programming_interface> |
86,810 | What should we look for in a gaming mouse that would also be used for other stuff?
Obviously any gaming mouse will work fine for anything else, but, for instance, I wish to have 2 axis wheel for horizontal scrolling (use it a lot on internet browsing and image manipulation and yes, I'm on a mac). So, which other feature a gaming mice usually lacks that we should look for?
Here are few more instances of features I could think of:
* Are there particular advantages to **laser, optical or infrared** tracking options? I've [read somewhere](http://forums.macrumors.com/printthread.php?t=1371343&pp=100) *laser* mice are *bad* options for irregular surfaces.
* Does **DPI** matter? Is this a feature I should consider? If so, are there any relevant thresholds?
* What **ergonomic** features matter? Handedness, shape?
* Obviously the best choice is **wired** mouse, but just wondering about technical aspects: **battery** and **responsiveness** wise should I look for bluetooth or other wireless technology?
* As for **wheels**, is there any kind of **2 axis wheel** that will not be bad for gaming? | 2012/10/05 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/86810",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/2349/"
] | ### Tracking technology
Laser mice are generally the best, though their extreme precision occasionally causes problems with awkward surfaces. But I play on a rough wooden table with my laser mouse and I rarely notice when I'm moving over the wood instead of my mousepad. Optical doesn't work well with reflective or black surfaces. I'm not really sure what the complaint about laser is about honestly. I am currently unable to find a surface this cheapo laser mouse can't work perfectly on.
### DPI
The best thing you can do is have a DPI switching mouse. This has two benefits; the first is letting you immediately switch the mouse movement speed (go from instant-turning speed to super precise sniping movements) and the second is letting you find exactly how sensitive you're comfortable with the mouse being for a given application or surface. Since I'm used to my high-DPI mouse I don't really switch it down (or all the way up) that often, but it's a nice feature to have.
If you want high DPI (I recommend it) again, laser is best; they're usually double optical or more. My Logitech G500 is ridiculously sensitive at 5700 max DPI, but right around 2000 feels nice. Remember if your mouse is too sensitive you can lower the pointer speed via software.
### Ergonomics
For ergonomic factors, get a "handed" mouse if at all possible. If you're Left Handed you might go with an ambidextrous mouse (or if your partner is differently-handed and will use it as much as you do), but generally a "handed" mouse is *far* more comfortable to grip.
Size
Depending on your grip, get a mouse big/small enough for you. My hands are large so I have to scrunch up my hands (claw grip) or let my palm all off the mouse (fingertip grip). To palm-grip the mouse I need a mouse with a big "butt". [Razer has a good guide to grip styles](http://www.razerzone.com/mouseguide/ergonomic/advantage) if you're confused by these terms or want more info on grip styles.
Weight
Weight-adjustable mice are also nice. High-DPI, low weight mice can be a pain to use; I prefer them a bit heavier, but the best thing you can do is manually adjust the weight. This sounds silly to some but adjustable weights are pretty common in mid to high end gaming mice.
### Wireless
I've had issues with Bluetooth but what really matters is interference; the more wireless devices you have the more likely there's some interference going on. I've had issue with bluetooth and non-bluetooth devices.
Battery really shouldn't be a concern here; your mouse should last weeks between charges no matter what. General battery specs should be listed by the mouse anyway, so there's no need to consider which tech is going to eat more battery.
### Multi-axis/multi-touch mice
For "two axis" wheels, if you mean Apple's multi-touch mince, those are terrible for gaming. Physical buttons are a must for one thing. If you mean horizontal scroll "tilt" wheels they usually don't get in the way of gaming, just make sure it's not too sensitive. My Logitec G500 requires a bit of force to press the horiz scroll which is good, an older Microsoft wireless mouse was sensitive enough I often accidentally pressed the horizontal scroll buttons while moving the wheel. | Part 1: The lasers will be more accurate then the infra-red. Also they are extremely useful for anyone doing work with Art of Photos
Part 2: The higher the DPI that you have, the more precise the movements with the mouse, but also increased mouse sensitivity. Most manufactures have built in buttons on their mouses that allow you to change the DPI on the fly, this can be useful for gaming e.g. lowering the sensitivity and DPI while looking down the scope of a sniper rifle in Battlefield 3.
Part 3: Bluetooth and wireless mouses are not recommended for gamers, because signal may be lost or disrupted. Also the signal can be effected by objects between the mouse and receiver. As for battery life, it is recommended to keep an extra pair of batteries handy, unless that is the mouse comes with a docking station for charging when not in use or a wireless mouse that can also function as a wired mouse when plugged in or a wireless mouse that can also function as a wired mouse when plugged in.
Part 4: The 2 axis mouses are all personal choice. Myself as a gamer, I choose to stay away from 2 axis mouses, but it is your choice to use one or not. |
164,739 | I have read in a maintenance manual that the ideal temperature for incoming water to a dishwasher is 150F.
In my house, the hot water heater is currently set to 135F and it cools on traveling around the house, so the typical faucet temperature is around 120F.
I have considered up the temperature of the water heater to 150F, but in that case it is recommended to have a thermostatic valve reduce the temperature to 120F, which would be no better than what is happening now as far as the dishwasher is concerned.
I could boost the water heater temperature to 155F which would result in 150F water reaching the dishwasher, however, then all the faucets would also have 150F hot water, which is pretty hot.
The only way I see around this is to create a special hot water line that goes to the dishwasher and clothes washer that comes directly from the water heater and put the water heater at 155F, then put a valve on the water supplies to all the rest of the house. Is this is the "proper" solution, or is there another way to get the right temperature to the appliances? | 2019/05/09 | [
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/164739",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/19543/"
] | ### You don't. Let the dishwasher do it for you.
>
> I have read in a maintenance manual that the ideal temperature for incoming water to a dishwasher is 150F.
>
>
>
Was it a maintenance manual for *your actual dishwasher*? If not, I would ignore random advice (no better than advice from some stranger on the internet...).
**Most dishwashers now automatically heat water as needed to the necessary temperature for optimum performance.** This avoids exactly the problem you mentioned - water hot enough to clean effectively and to sanitize dishes is also hot enough to quickly burn people. Some dishwashers (I think typically European models) are even designed to run with cold water - heating water from *cold* to *very hot* as needed, not just *hot* to *very hot*. That being said, I would recommend connecting your dishwasher to the hot water line rather than the cold water line, unless your manufacturer specifically recommends otherwise, because:
* Electric heat is generally more expensive than natural gas or other forms of heating. If your main water heater is electric then any heating by the dishwasher will cost the same as your main water heater, and if your main water heater is something else then any heating by the dishwasher will cost more. I can't see any normal scenario where using your dishwasher to heat from *cold* to *hot* will actually save any money.
* If your dishwasher runs some cycles without heating the water to *very hot* (e.g., perhaps a regular rinse cycle as opposed the main wash cycle or a final sanitary rinse cycle) then using hot water instead of cold water will be much more effective. | If your dishwasher is already connected to the hot water line you can get a few degrees hotter water by insulating the water line. The greater the distance from the water heater, the greater impact this will have. |
164,739 | I have read in a maintenance manual that the ideal temperature for incoming water to a dishwasher is 150F.
In my house, the hot water heater is currently set to 135F and it cools on traveling around the house, so the typical faucet temperature is around 120F.
I have considered up the temperature of the water heater to 150F, but in that case it is recommended to have a thermostatic valve reduce the temperature to 120F, which would be no better than what is happening now as far as the dishwasher is concerned.
I could boost the water heater temperature to 155F which would result in 150F water reaching the dishwasher, however, then all the faucets would also have 150F hot water, which is pretty hot.
The only way I see around this is to create a special hot water line that goes to the dishwasher and clothes washer that comes directly from the water heater and put the water heater at 155F, then put a valve on the water supplies to all the rest of the house. Is this is the "proper" solution, or is there another way to get the right temperature to the appliances? | 2019/05/09 | [
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/164739",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/19543/"
] | ### You don't. Let the dishwasher do it for you.
>
> I have read in a maintenance manual that the ideal temperature for incoming water to a dishwasher is 150F.
>
>
>
Was it a maintenance manual for *your actual dishwasher*? If not, I would ignore random advice (no better than advice from some stranger on the internet...).
**Most dishwashers now automatically heat water as needed to the necessary temperature for optimum performance.** This avoids exactly the problem you mentioned - water hot enough to clean effectively and to sanitize dishes is also hot enough to quickly burn people. Some dishwashers (I think typically European models) are even designed to run with cold water - heating water from *cold* to *very hot* as needed, not just *hot* to *very hot*. That being said, I would recommend connecting your dishwasher to the hot water line rather than the cold water line, unless your manufacturer specifically recommends otherwise, because:
* Electric heat is generally more expensive than natural gas or other forms of heating. If your main water heater is electric then any heating by the dishwasher will cost the same as your main water heater, and if your main water heater is something else then any heating by the dishwasher will cost more. I can't see any normal scenario where using your dishwasher to heat from *cold* to *hot* will actually save any money.
* If your dishwasher runs some cycles without heating the water to *very hot* (e.g., perhaps a regular rinse cycle as opposed the main wash cycle or a final sanitary rinse cycle) then using hot water instead of cold water will be much more effective. | An on-demand water heater is perfect for this
---------------------------------------------
The key is to regulate the rate-of-flow down ***quite*** low, so you can get sufficient temperature rise without having to provision a huge amount of electrical service.
Regardless, this is like trying to air-condition a gazebo. The dishwasher *itself* - box, pumps and racks - has a lot of thermal mass, to say nothing of the dishes! Preheating the water to 150F will do precious little when it equalizes with all that other thermal mass. (Remember the water volume in a dishwasher is not high; it doesn't fill with water like a washing machine). It really depends on the dishwasher's internal heater, which needs either high current, or time. |
6,176,453 | There are some really good resources on HTML5 on the web such as [Dive Into HTML5](http://diveintohtml5.info/) and <http://slides.html5rocks.com> and I have used many of the features mentioned in my own applications, so I'm not new to using HTML5.
But as I get further along in my study of HTML5 features, I keep uncovering more and more things that are classified under the heading of "HTML5". The most recent one I've heard about is the `keygen` tag which allows you to generate public private keypairs on the client side with ease. I'm pleased that this tag exists and also slightly disturbed that I had no idea about its existence till a few hours ago.
So is there a **complete** list of HTML5 features anywhere on the web? I am aware of the working draft at <http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/> but I'm looking for something to the point and easy to understand without having to sift through reams of technical jargon. | 2011/05/30 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/6176453",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/348716/"
] | I highly recommend the [specification for developers](http://developers.whatwg.org/).
Basically its what it says on the tin. But to clarify, this is from the press release at the time:
>
> It features find-as-you-type search,
> offline access, beautiful typography,
> technical references pulled inline,
> and alternate styles for handheld
> devices or low resolution displays.
>
>
> The aim? To produce a companion
> specification for web developers to
> use on a regular basis. All details
> that are considered “for browser
> vendors” are omitted.
>
>
> | [W3C: HTML5 Differences from HTML4](http://www.w3.org/TR/html5-diff/) |
6,153,273 | I want to build and deploy my first Java EE 6 multi-tier application, with web and business tiers running on separate physical servers on Glassfish 3.1.
I think I understand what's required from a theoretical hi-level view but am not clear on the specifics and small details.
My current plan as is follows:
* Create a Maven Enterprise Application in NetBeans 7.
* Expose Session Facade EJBs via remote interface.
* Have JSF Backing Beans utilise Session Facade EJBs via JNDI lookup.
* Deploy EJB JAR to one server and web WAR to the other.
I'd really appreciate some pointers on:
* Application structure.
* Correct JNDI lookup with separate servers. Is injection possible?
* Building appropriate archives.
* Deployment configuration to allow tiers to communicate. | 2011/05/27 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/6153273",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/516011/"
] | You have chosen a hard path, as others have pointed out in comments and answers...
Let's start with the structure of your app(s). You are going to end up with four achives... two that you will deploy:
1. a "regular" jar for the Remote interface of your EJB (jar-of-interfaces)
2. an EJB jar that has the implementation of your EJB
3. an EAR archive that will contain the jar-of-interfaces (in the /lib subdirectory) and the EJB jar (in the 'root').
4. a WAR file that contains the code that uses the Remote interface of your EJB. This will have the jar-of-interfaces in WEB-INF/lib.
The rest of this answer is based on [the EJB FAQ](http://glassfish.java.net/javaee5/ejb/EJB_FAQ.html). The most applicable part of that document is [here](http://glassfish.java.net/javaee5/ejb/EJB_FAQ.html#cross-appserverremoteref).
You can inject the EJB into the ManagedBean. You will not need to use a dot-lookup method in your ManagedBean.
You will need to use the corbaname for your bean in the glassfish-web.xml file. | Unless you know you will be serving many requests per second, or have very data and/or CPU-heavy business logic, then you should be perfectly fine starting out by deploying both tiers on the same application server. Starting out by deploying to a single Glassfish application server using local interfaces lets you skip a lot of complexity in the runtime environment.
This in turn will allow you to use the simplest form of @EJB-injection in the web tier to access the session facades in the business tier. Local intefaces are faster because the application server can pass references rather than RMI proxies between the tiers and it lets you skip the JNDI lookups. You can always change the annotation later on, or introduce remote interfaces if you later find other reasons to deploy the tiers on separate servers.
Glassfish supports clustering, so you might never have to explicitly separate the two tiers--it all depends on the actual usage patterns, so performance monitoring is key.
Deploying the web tier as a WAR and the business logic as an EJB jar is the right thing to do. Depending on the size and the logical structure of your application, you might want to break that down into to multiple modules.
Maven takes care of building the archives. Make sure you define a sub-project for each war and jar archive, plus a sub-project for assembling the EAR-file. The latter project will pull in the war and jar files produced by the other sub-projects. String all the projects together with a master maven project and voila, you have the flexibility to build each component separately, build the entire thing, or any combination in-between. |
4,414,720 | I want to code a server side software with Delphi+Firebird but i need a documentation (or tutorial) that explains all the steps and components from the beginning. Is there any site/tutorial/document that you can suggest? which explains step by step coding.
Even if you suggest a component to make server side connection with regard to your experiences, i will be glad.
Thanks. | 2010/12/11 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/4414720",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/218010/"
] | 1. The main English information source for Firebird is [IBPhoenix](http://www.ibphoenix.com/main.nfs?a=ibphoenix&s=1292063514:200606&page=ibp_document).
2. The main Russian information source for Firebird is [IBase](http://www.ibase.ru/).
3. The [Firebird FAQ](http://www.firebirdfaq.org/faq7/) gives a list of Delphi connectivity options and answers on many other Firebird questions.
4. It will be hard to pass along [IBExpert](http://ibexpert.net/ibe/). There you will find useful tools and Firebird articles. | Actually Firebird is a fork from Interbase, yes Interbase had become an open source some time ago and then become closed source again. So, u can use Interbase as a reference. But as time goes, Firebird become better and better in quality. Also become different from Interbase itself. To get more info on Firebird, u can visit www.ibphoenix.com.
For the components to connect Firebird, u can use FIBPlus, UIB, anyDac, UNIDAC and many more. The one u must avoid is IBX itself, Jeff Overcash has state that IBX is NEVER tested against Firebird and WILL NOT TESTED agains Firebird. They see Firebird as competitor actually.
I use Firebird daily and it never fails (except if your HDD broken). |
4,414,720 | I want to code a server side software with Delphi+Firebird but i need a documentation (or tutorial) that explains all the steps and components from the beginning. Is there any site/tutorial/document that you can suggest? which explains step by step coding.
Even if you suggest a component to make server side connection with regard to your experiences, i will be glad.
Thanks. | 2010/12/11 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/4414720",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/218010/"
] | Actually Firebird is a fork from Interbase, yes Interbase had become an open source some time ago and then become closed source again. So, u can use Interbase as a reference. But as time goes, Firebird become better and better in quality. Also become different from Interbase itself. To get more info on Firebird, u can visit www.ibphoenix.com.
For the components to connect Firebird, u can use FIBPlus, UIB, anyDac, UNIDAC and many more. The one u must avoid is IBX itself, Jeff Overcash has state that IBX is NEVER tested against Firebird and WILL NOT TESTED agains Firebird. They see Firebird as competitor actually.
I use Firebird daily and it never fails (except if your HDD broken). | Documentation is a weak side of Firebird server. We usually use a combination of:
1. Interbase documentation
2. Firebird release notes
3. Information from Firebird forums
4. Helen Borrie's Firebird book
Delphi uses pretty unified technology to talk to any server be it Firebird or not. So, there is just enough information you could find in a help or in available books. |
4,414,720 | I want to code a server side software with Delphi+Firebird but i need a documentation (or tutorial) that explains all the steps and components from the beginning. Is there any site/tutorial/document that you can suggest? which explains step by step coding.
Even if you suggest a component to make server side connection with regard to your experiences, i will be glad.
Thanks. | 2010/12/11 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/4414720",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/218010/"
] | 1. The main English information source for Firebird is [IBPhoenix](http://www.ibphoenix.com/main.nfs?a=ibphoenix&s=1292063514:200606&page=ibp_document).
2. The main Russian information source for Firebird is [IBase](http://www.ibase.ru/).
3. The [Firebird FAQ](http://www.firebirdfaq.org/faq7/) gives a list of Delphi connectivity options and answers on many other Firebird questions.
4. It will be hard to pass along [IBExpert](http://ibexpert.net/ibe/). There you will find useful tools and Firebird articles. | Documentation is a weak side of Firebird server. We usually use a combination of:
1. Interbase documentation
2. Firebird release notes
3. Information from Firebird forums
4. Helen Borrie's Firebird book
Delphi uses pretty unified technology to talk to any server be it Firebird or not. So, there is just enough information you could find in a help or in available books. |
79,736 | It is clearly said in the *Game of Thrones* series that fire destroys wights.
Also it is known that dragonglass and valyrian steel can destroy both wights and white walkers.
Can white walkers also be destroyed by fire like the wights? | 2017/08/29 | [
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/questions/79736",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com",
"https://movies.stackexchange.com/users/40410/"
] | We know that normal fire does not affect them. They are seen walking right through the fire created by the children to shield the cave from the incoming wights, and the fire appears to extinguish before them. We also see the White Walker that Jon kills walk into a burning building, seemingly unfazed.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/X3ThM.png)
It is not clear whether they can be destroyed by dragonfire. | As per [this other question here](https://movies.stackexchange.com/questions/35176/how-useful-are-dragon-glass-arrow-heads-when-fighting-the-white-walkers-in-game?rq=1) it seems likely that dragon fire could also kill White Walkers. It cites:
>
> “Dragonglass.” The red woman’s laugh was music. “Frozen fire, in the tongue of old Valyria. Small wonder it is anathema to these cold children of the Other.
>
>
> **A Storm of Swords**
>
>
>
This would suggest that, because the glass is related to dragons (in the lore at least) it can kill Walkers. It would be easy to assume "unfrozen" dragon fire would have a similar killing effect. |
3,759,816 | >
> **Possible Duplicate:**
>
> [Parsing Huge XML Files in PHP](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/911663/parsing-huge-xml-files-in-php)
>
>
>
I am trying to parse a 70Mb XML file under PHP. After a while the resources are not enough and the script crashes. If there is a larger XML file it ends sooner. I can't change the memory limit of the server and of PHP.
What can I do to parse large files? The file size can vary, and it's not always 70Mb, it could easily be 200Mb. | 2010/09/21 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3759816",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/243782/"
] | You can use the [XMLReader](http://docs.php.net/xmlreader) class.
It doesn't read the entire document as an object model into the memory but is a [pull parser](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/XML#Pull_parsing). | In general, when you want to parse large XML documents in a constrained environment, you should use a SAX parser, that does not store the entire document in any form. SAX parsers make calls to user defined functions when they encounter an opening or closing tag for example. |
2,168 | I have an [English walnut](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juglans_regia) sapling that grows vigorously all summer, but at the beginning of Fall the leaves dry up and fall. It has been two years now. Is that a problem with the tree? | 2011/09/25 | [
"https://gardening.stackexchange.com/questions/2168",
"https://gardening.stackexchange.com",
"https://gardening.stackexchange.com/users/419/"
] | First, let me say I've no experience doing battle with [Bermuda grass](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynodon_dactylon).
Second, I've spent the past 24 hours reading up on removing Bermuda grass from a cool-season lawn, for the moment lets just say there's no easy answer, solution... Eradicating Bermuda grass from a landscape takes a lot! of work and time, there really doesn't appear to be a quick fix...
What makes Bermuda grass so difficult to remove are a number of factors:
* Being a warm-season grass it thrives in the heat.
* It's considerably drought tolerant (for a grass).
* Has an extensive and deep root system.
* Spreads by [stolons](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stolons) (above ground) and [rhizomes](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhizomes) (below ground), therefore making itself very good at repairing itself ie Filling in (large) spaces. It's not a clump forming grass like Fescue which is very slow at filling in bare spots and limited to small areas (approximately 4inch/100mm diameter maximum).
**Small areas of Bermuda grass can be tackled via:**
* A proper and thorough cool-season lawn care program eg
+ [What's an organic way to discourage crabgrass from a large “lawn”?](https://gardening.stackexchange.com/questions/1390/whats-an-organic-way-to-discourage-crabgrass-from-a-large-lawn/1391#1391)
* Remove by hand (digging out).
* Target infected areas by [Solarization](https://gardening.stackexchange.com/questions/113/weed-control-in-a-butterfly-garden/1298#1298).
* Target infected areas by burying under thick layer of mulch.
* Selective post-emergence herbicides eg
+ Fusilade II, active ingredient fluazifop.
* Non selective post-emergence herbicides eg
+ Roundup, active ingredient glyphosate.
**Large areas of Bermuda grass can be tackled via:**
* Target infected areas by [Solarization](https://gardening.stackexchange.com/questions/113/weed-control-in-a-butterfly-garden/1298#1298).
* Target infected areas by burying under thick layer of mulch.
* Selective post-emergence herbicides eg
+ Fusilade II, active ingredient fluazifop.
* Non selective post-emergence herbicides eg
+ Roundup, active ingredient glyphosate.
* If the infected area is really large ie 60% or greater of total lawn area is (unwanted) Bermuda grass, it could possibly make more sense to start over again, remove everything...
For successful removal of the unwanted Bermuda grass all of the above methods require careful planning, correct timing, thorough execution of the chosen method, cut any corners and the success rate will dive toward zero...
If you would like me to document (expand on) any of the above methods, please let me know which method you're interested in...
Below are some of the articles, documents I read while researching this topic:
* [Bermudagrass - How to Manage Pests in Gardens and Landscapes](http://www.ipm.ucdavis.edu/PMG/PESTNOTES/pn7453.html) via University of California
* [Turfgrass and Weeds](http://extension.missouri.edu/p/IPM1009) (free PDF download) via University of Missouri Extension
* [How to lose your Bermuda grass](http://www.sunset.com/garden/earth-friendly/how-to-remove-bermuda-grass-00400000052080/) via Sunset.com
* [The Losing Battle Against Bermuda Grass](http://extension.usu.edu/files/publications/factsheet/pub__3194323.htm) via Utah State University Cooperative Extension
* [Bermudagrass Control/Suppression In Cool-season Lawns and Landscapes](http://www.uky.edu/Ag/ukturf/Athletic%20Field%20Pubs/bercontrol.PDF) (direct link to PDF) via University of Kentucky
* [Bermudagrass, is it here to stay?](http://extension.usu.edu/files/publications/publication/pub__2413393.pdf) (direct link to PDF) via Utah State University Cooperative Extension
* [Cool-Season Grasses: Lawn Establishment and Renovation](http://extension.missouri.edu/p/G6700) via University of Missouri Extension | To paraphrase a common saying, "One man's weed is another man's lawn". Bermuda grass is low maintenance and drought resistant. If sown with other thin bladed grasses that are more cold resistant it can result in a lawn that stays green all year long.
That being said, if you are determined to eradicate it from your lawn here are some steps you can take:
* Overseed - Bermuda grass is dormant in the winter so when the temperature starts dipping below 60F cut it short and overseed with a variety that has a lower dormancy temperature. Then again in the spring before the temperature climbs above 60F.
* Pre-emergent herbicide - This type of herbicide doesn't kill plants. It simply prevents seeds from germinating. Timing is key. Pre-emergent herbicides are indiscriminate so you'll want to give your overseeded variety a chance to sprout.
* Let your desired variety grow 1/2 - 1 inch taller during the winter months. Bermuda grass is a short variety and is shade intolerant so letting your grass grow taller will allow it to overtake the Bermuda grass while it is at a disadvantage.
If you live in a very warm climate like Central or South Florida or Southern California you'll have a tougher time because its the ideal climate for Bermuda grass throughout most of the year. |
4,431 | Way back when, I used to work in finance, and I remember helping a coworker use some kind of block bootstrap. (I believe the application was: we had weekly data on some financial indicator X, along with weekly data on some stock, and we wanted to measure how well X could be used to predict the stock's movements. And I believe we needed to bring in the bootstrap, because we only had a couple months of weekly data, so we didn't really have many datapoints. I might be misremembering all this, though.)
In any case, I totally forget now how the block bootstrap worked, and I want to remember/review/learn more, so can anyone suggest a good tutorial on it? I tried googling, but all I found were some random research papers. I also tried looking in my copy of Efron & Tibshirani's "An Introduction to the Bootstrap Book", but didn't find anything (unless it's under a name other than "block bootstrap"). | 2010/11/11 | [
"https://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/4431",
"https://stats.stackexchange.com",
"https://stats.stackexchange.com/users/1106/"
] | Try the [Handbook of Computational Statistics, Part III, section 2.4](http://sfb649.wiwi.hu-berlin.de/fedc_homepage/xplore/ebooks/html/csa/node132.html). | The textbook by [Shumway and Stoffer](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/0387293175) has a short section on bootstrapping time series (state-space) models. Also you may look to:
Pfeffermann, D. and Tiller, R. (2005) Bootstrap approximation to prediction MSE for State-Space models with estimated parameters, *Journal of Time Series Analisys*, 26, 893-916,
and references therein. |
4,431 | Way back when, I used to work in finance, and I remember helping a coworker use some kind of block bootstrap. (I believe the application was: we had weekly data on some financial indicator X, along with weekly data on some stock, and we wanted to measure how well X could be used to predict the stock's movements. And I believe we needed to bring in the bootstrap, because we only had a couple months of weekly data, so we didn't really have many datapoints. I might be misremembering all this, though.)
In any case, I totally forget now how the block bootstrap worked, and I want to remember/review/learn more, so can anyone suggest a good tutorial on it? I tried googling, but all I found were some random research papers. I also tried looking in my copy of Efron & Tibshirani's "An Introduction to the Bootstrap Book", but didn't find anything (unless it's under a name other than "block bootstrap"). | 2010/11/11 | [
"https://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/4431",
"https://stats.stackexchange.com",
"https://stats.stackexchange.com/users/1106/"
] | I have relied on [Resampling Methods for Dependent Data](http://books.google.com/books?id=e4f8sqm439UC&printsec=frontcover&dq=resampling+methods+for+dependent+data&source=bl&ots=hwangs1qCA&sig=WzmEiF0W2sRXlSm5MTvK6ESkt7k&hl=en&ei=_pPdTJnWIcGYnwfaqpCzDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBIQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false) by S.N. Lahiri and found it quite helpful. Once you determine some flavors you want to look at more closely (e.g. Circular Block Bootstrap, Stationary Block Bootstrap) it will be easier to find on-line resources discussing actual use cases and implementation details. | Try the [Handbook of Computational Statistics, Part III, section 2.4](http://sfb649.wiwi.hu-berlin.de/fedc_homepage/xplore/ebooks/html/csa/node132.html). |
4,431 | Way back when, I used to work in finance, and I remember helping a coworker use some kind of block bootstrap. (I believe the application was: we had weekly data on some financial indicator X, along with weekly data on some stock, and we wanted to measure how well X could be used to predict the stock's movements. And I believe we needed to bring in the bootstrap, because we only had a couple months of weekly data, so we didn't really have many datapoints. I might be misremembering all this, though.)
In any case, I totally forget now how the block bootstrap worked, and I want to remember/review/learn more, so can anyone suggest a good tutorial on it? I tried googling, but all I found were some random research papers. I also tried looking in my copy of Efron & Tibshirani's "An Introduction to the Bootstrap Book", but didn't find anything (unless it's under a name other than "block bootstrap"). | 2010/11/11 | [
"https://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/4431",
"https://stats.stackexchange.com",
"https://stats.stackexchange.com/users/1106/"
] | Try the [Handbook of Computational Statistics, Part III, section 2.4](http://sfb649.wiwi.hu-berlin.de/fedc_homepage/xplore/ebooks/html/csa/node132.html). | For an evaluation of its effectiveness and a comparison to alternative methods, see:
Bertrand, Marianne, Esther Duflo and Sendhil Mullainathan. 2004. "How Much Should we Trust Difference-in-Difference Estimates?" *Quarterly Journal of Economics*. 119 (1): 249-275. [[pre-publication version](http://economics.mit.edu/files/750)] |
4,431 | Way back when, I used to work in finance, and I remember helping a coworker use some kind of block bootstrap. (I believe the application was: we had weekly data on some financial indicator X, along with weekly data on some stock, and we wanted to measure how well X could be used to predict the stock's movements. And I believe we needed to bring in the bootstrap, because we only had a couple months of weekly data, so we didn't really have many datapoints. I might be misremembering all this, though.)
In any case, I totally forget now how the block bootstrap worked, and I want to remember/review/learn more, so can anyone suggest a good tutorial on it? I tried googling, but all I found were some random research papers. I also tried looking in my copy of Efron & Tibshirani's "An Introduction to the Bootstrap Book", but didn't find anything (unless it's under a name other than "block bootstrap"). | 2010/11/11 | [
"https://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/4431",
"https://stats.stackexchange.com",
"https://stats.stackexchange.com/users/1106/"
] | I have relied on [Resampling Methods for Dependent Data](http://books.google.com/books?id=e4f8sqm439UC&printsec=frontcover&dq=resampling+methods+for+dependent+data&source=bl&ots=hwangs1qCA&sig=WzmEiF0W2sRXlSm5MTvK6ESkt7k&hl=en&ei=_pPdTJnWIcGYnwfaqpCzDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBIQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false) by S.N. Lahiri and found it quite helpful. Once you determine some flavors you want to look at more closely (e.g. Circular Block Bootstrap, Stationary Block Bootstrap) it will be easier to find on-line resources discussing actual use cases and implementation details. | The textbook by [Shumway and Stoffer](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/0387293175) has a short section on bootstrapping time series (state-space) models. Also you may look to:
Pfeffermann, D. and Tiller, R. (2005) Bootstrap approximation to prediction MSE for State-Space models with estimated parameters, *Journal of Time Series Analisys*, 26, 893-916,
and references therein. |
4,431 | Way back when, I used to work in finance, and I remember helping a coworker use some kind of block bootstrap. (I believe the application was: we had weekly data on some financial indicator X, along with weekly data on some stock, and we wanted to measure how well X could be used to predict the stock's movements. And I believe we needed to bring in the bootstrap, because we only had a couple months of weekly data, so we didn't really have many datapoints. I might be misremembering all this, though.)
In any case, I totally forget now how the block bootstrap worked, and I want to remember/review/learn more, so can anyone suggest a good tutorial on it? I tried googling, but all I found were some random research papers. I also tried looking in my copy of Efron & Tibshirani's "An Introduction to the Bootstrap Book", but didn't find anything (unless it's under a name other than "block bootstrap"). | 2010/11/11 | [
"https://stats.stackexchange.com/questions/4431",
"https://stats.stackexchange.com",
"https://stats.stackexchange.com/users/1106/"
] | I have relied on [Resampling Methods for Dependent Data](http://books.google.com/books?id=e4f8sqm439UC&printsec=frontcover&dq=resampling+methods+for+dependent+data&source=bl&ots=hwangs1qCA&sig=WzmEiF0W2sRXlSm5MTvK6ESkt7k&hl=en&ei=_pPdTJnWIcGYnwfaqpCzDw&sa=X&oi=book_result&ct=result&resnum=1&ved=0CBIQ6AEwAA#v=onepage&q&f=false) by S.N. Lahiri and found it quite helpful. Once you determine some flavors you want to look at more closely (e.g. Circular Block Bootstrap, Stationary Block Bootstrap) it will be easier to find on-line resources discussing actual use cases and implementation details. | For an evaluation of its effectiveness and a comparison to alternative methods, see:
Bertrand, Marianne, Esther Duflo and Sendhil Mullainathan. 2004. "How Much Should we Trust Difference-in-Difference Estimates?" *Quarterly Journal of Economics*. 119 (1): 249-275. [[pre-publication version](http://economics.mit.edu/files/750)] |
626,877 | I have a 433.92 MHz gate opener remote that I would like to be able to control from my phone. In order to do this I have soldered a relay to one of its buttons, which I already have means to trigger through Home Assistant.
Sadly, the range isn't good enough to reliably reach the receiver. I have thought about somehow adding an extra antenna to it to increase the distance it can transmit.
I suspect that the area I marked with purple on this image is the current antenna: [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/fnSL0.jpg)
Is my assumption correct, and is it worth trying to extend the range by soldering some extra copper wire to it? In case it's worth a try, is my research so far correct, that suggests that I should be using a copper wire of length ~173mm?
---
*Edit #1:* I have identified the remote as being an HR TECH3: <https://www.hrmatic.es/producto/hr-tech3-remote-control/>
---
*Edit #2:* I finally went with the [idea of @Chu](https://electronics.stackexchange.com/a/626879/206656) and built a passive reflector. So far it seems to work very well! I wish I could accept it as correct too, but I guess that strictly speaking [@Marcus Müller's answer](https://electronics.stackexchange.com/a/626879/206656) addresses the original question more directly.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/M1NAe.jpg) | 2022/07/10 | [
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/questions/626877",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com",
"https://electronics.stackexchange.com/users/206656/"
] | No.
You can build a *better antenna*, which would mostly mean that in exchance for needing to point more exactly, you can get a bit more gain in one direction.
But making a better antenna is harder than just adding some copper, which will destroy the matching / tuning of the antenna and almost certainly make it worse.
Notice that the tree-contacts device on the right hand side is probably a transistor used as a power amplifier for the RF signal, and so its performance is directly coupled to the antenna having the right, probably reactive, impedance. So, actually making this a transmitter with more gain will be more or less a redesign of the RF stage. No way that pays.
Atop of that, changes are it's illegal to increase the gain, as PAPR is limited for ISM devices in most countries.
A better bet would be to replace the antenna of the receiver, which probably is less directly coupled into an amplifier other than being connected via a matched-impedance line, and seeing this does not seem to be a two-way communication link, is not going to break any laws. Or, just replace the whole receiver with an SDR + raspberry pi + relay card, or something. | Form a quad antenna by adding passive reflector and/or director elements on the outside of the case. The physical dimensions of the case/PCB would need to be capable of providing appropriate separation between passive and driven elements. |
587,059 | I've worked on a number of products that make use of code generation. It seems to be the only way to achieve both a high degree of user-customizability and high execution speed.
The downside is that we are requiring users to install a compiler (primarily on MS Windows).
This has been an on-going headache, because vendors like MS keep obsoleting compilers, and some users tend to have more than one compiler installed.
We're considering using GNU C, and possibly C++, but even there, there are continual version issues.
I've considered possibly generating assembly language, in an effort to get off the compiler-version-treadmill, but assembly languages are all machine-specific.
Ideally there would be some way to produce generated code that would be flexible, run fast, and not expose us to the whims of third-party providers.
Maybe I'm overlooking something simple, like Java. Any ideas would be appreciated. Thanks. | 2009/02/25 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/587059",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/23771/"
] | If you're considering C and even assembler, take a look at LLVM first: <http://llvm.org> | I would stick to that language that you use for generating that language. You can generate and compile Java code in Java, Python code in Python, C# in C#, and even Lisp in Lisp, etc.
But it is not clear whether such languages are sufficiently fast for you. For top speed I would choose to generate C++ and use GCC for compilation. |
587,059 | I've worked on a number of products that make use of code generation. It seems to be the only way to achieve both a high degree of user-customizability and high execution speed.
The downside is that we are requiring users to install a compiler (primarily on MS Windows).
This has been an on-going headache, because vendors like MS keep obsoleting compilers, and some users tend to have more than one compiler installed.
We're considering using GNU C, and possibly C++, but even there, there are continual version issues.
I've considered possibly generating assembly language, in an effort to get off the compiler-version-treadmill, but assembly languages are all machine-specific.
Ideally there would be some way to produce generated code that would be flexible, run fast, and not expose us to the whims of third-party providers.
Maybe I'm overlooking something simple, like Java. Any ideas would be appreciated. Thanks. | 2009/02/25 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/587059",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/23771/"
] | It sounds like you're looking for LLVM. | I would stick to that language that you use for generating that language. You can generate and compile Java code in Java, Python code in Python, C# in C#, and even Lisp in Lisp, etc.
But it is not clear whether such languages are sufficiently fast for you. For top speed I would choose to generate C++ and use GCC for compilation. |
587,059 | I've worked on a number of products that make use of code generation. It seems to be the only way to achieve both a high degree of user-customizability and high execution speed.
The downside is that we are requiring users to install a compiler (primarily on MS Windows).
This has been an on-going headache, because vendors like MS keep obsoleting compilers, and some users tend to have more than one compiler installed.
We're considering using GNU C, and possibly C++, but even there, there are continual version issues.
I've considered possibly generating assembly language, in an effort to get off the compiler-version-treadmill, but assembly languages are all machine-specific.
Ideally there would be some way to produce generated code that would be flexible, run fast, and not expose us to the whims of third-party providers.
Maybe I'm overlooking something simple, like Java. Any ideas would be appreciated. Thanks. | 2009/02/25 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/587059",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/23771/"
] | It sounds like you're looking for LLVM. | Why not use something like SpiderMonkey or Rhino (JavaScript support in Java or C++). You can export your objects to JavaScript namespaces, and your users don't have to compile anything. |
587,059 | I've worked on a number of products that make use of code generation. It seems to be the only way to achieve both a high degree of user-customizability and high execution speed.
The downside is that we are requiring users to install a compiler (primarily on MS Windows).
This has been an on-going headache, because vendors like MS keep obsoleting compilers, and some users tend to have more than one compiler installed.
We're considering using GNU C, and possibly C++, but even there, there are continual version issues.
I've considered possibly generating assembly language, in an effort to get off the compiler-version-treadmill, but assembly languages are all machine-specific.
Ideally there would be some way to produce generated code that would be flexible, run fast, and not expose us to the whims of third-party providers.
Maybe I'm overlooking something simple, like Java. Any ideas would be appreciated. Thanks. | 2009/02/25 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/587059",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/23771/"
] | Start here: The [Code Generation conference](http://codegeneration.net/cg2014/) | In the spirit of "might not be to late to add my 2 cents" as in @Alvin's answer's case, here is something I'd think about: if your application is meant to last for some years, *it is going to face several changes in how applications and systems work*.
For instance, let's say you were thinking about this 10 years ago. I was watching Dexter back then, but I guess you actually have memories of how things were at that time. From what I can tell, multithreading was not much of an issue to developers of 2000, and now it is. So Moore's law broke for them. Before that people didn't even care about what will happen in "Y2K".
Speaking of Moore's law, processors are indeed getting quite fast, so maybe certain optimizations won't be even that necessary. And possibly the array of optimizations will be much bigger, *[some processors](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PowerPC_A2)* are getting optimizations for several server-centric stuff (XML, cryptography, compression and regex! I am surprised such things can get done on a chip) and also spend less energy (which is probably very important for warfare hardware...).
My point being that focusing on what exist today as a platform for tomorrow is not a good idea. Make it work today, and surely it will work tomorrow (backward-compatibility is especially valued by Microsoft, Apple is not bad it seems and Linux is very liberal about making it work as you want).
There is, yes, one thing that you can do. Attach your technology to something that just won't (likely) die, such as Javascript. I'm serious, Javascript VMs are getting terribly efficient nowdays and are just going to get better, plus everyone loves it so it's not going to dissappear suddenly. If needing more efficiency/features, maybe target the CRL or JVM?
Also I believe multithreading will become more and more of an issue. I have a gut feeling the number of processor cores will have a Moore's law of their own. And architectures are more than likely to change, from the looks of the cloud buzz.
PS: In any case, I belive C optimizations of the past are still quite valid under modern compilers! |
587,059 | I've worked on a number of products that make use of code generation. It seems to be the only way to achieve both a high degree of user-customizability and high execution speed.
The downside is that we are requiring users to install a compiler (primarily on MS Windows).
This has been an on-going headache, because vendors like MS keep obsoleting compilers, and some users tend to have more than one compiler installed.
We're considering using GNU C, and possibly C++, but even there, there are continual version issues.
I've considered possibly generating assembly language, in an effort to get off the compiler-version-treadmill, but assembly languages are all machine-specific.
Ideally there would be some way to produce generated code that would be flexible, run fast, and not expose us to the whims of third-party providers.
Maybe I'm overlooking something simple, like Java. Any ideas would be appreciated. Thanks. | 2009/02/25 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/587059",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/23771/"
] | It sounds like you're looking for LLVM. | Embed an interpreter for a language like [Lua](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lua_%28programming_language%29)/[Scheme](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheme_%28programming_language%29) into your program, and generate code in that language. |
587,059 | I've worked on a number of products that make use of code generation. It seems to be the only way to achieve both a high degree of user-customizability and high execution speed.
The downside is that we are requiring users to install a compiler (primarily on MS Windows).
This has been an on-going headache, because vendors like MS keep obsoleting compilers, and some users tend to have more than one compiler installed.
We're considering using GNU C, and possibly C++, but even there, there are continual version issues.
I've considered possibly generating assembly language, in an effort to get off the compiler-version-treadmill, but assembly languages are all machine-specific.
Ideally there would be some way to produce generated code that would be flexible, run fast, and not expose us to the whims of third-party providers.
Maybe I'm overlooking something simple, like Java. Any ideas would be appreciated. Thanks. | 2009/02/25 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/587059",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/23771/"
] | Start here: The [Code Generation conference](http://codegeneration.net/cg2014/) | Embed an interpreter for a language like [Lua](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lua_%28programming_language%29)/[Scheme](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scheme_%28programming_language%29) into your program, and generate code in that language. |
587,059 | I've worked on a number of products that make use of code generation. It seems to be the only way to achieve both a high degree of user-customizability and high execution speed.
The downside is that we are requiring users to install a compiler (primarily on MS Windows).
This has been an on-going headache, because vendors like MS keep obsoleting compilers, and some users tend to have more than one compiler installed.
We're considering using GNU C, and possibly C++, but even there, there are continual version issues.
I've considered possibly generating assembly language, in an effort to get off the compiler-version-treadmill, but assembly languages are all machine-specific.
Ideally there would be some way to produce generated code that would be flexible, run fast, and not expose us to the whims of third-party providers.
Maybe I'm overlooking something simple, like Java. Any ideas would be appreciated. Thanks. | 2009/02/25 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/587059",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/23771/"
] | One option would be to use a language/environment that provides access to the compiler in code; For example, [here is a C# example](http://support.microsoft.com/kb/304655). | I would stick to that language that you use for generating that language. You can generate and compile Java code in Java, Python code in Python, C# in C#, and even Lisp in Lisp, etc.
But it is not clear whether such languages are sufficiently fast for you. For top speed I would choose to generate C++ and use GCC for compilation. |
587,059 | I've worked on a number of products that make use of code generation. It seems to be the only way to achieve both a high degree of user-customizability and high execution speed.
The downside is that we are requiring users to install a compiler (primarily on MS Windows).
This has been an on-going headache, because vendors like MS keep obsoleting compilers, and some users tend to have more than one compiler installed.
We're considering using GNU C, and possibly C++, but even there, there are continual version issues.
I've considered possibly generating assembly language, in an effort to get off the compiler-version-treadmill, but assembly languages are all machine-specific.
Ideally there would be some way to produce generated code that would be flexible, run fast, and not expose us to the whims of third-party providers.
Maybe I'm overlooking something simple, like Java. Any ideas would be appreciated. Thanks. | 2009/02/25 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/587059",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/23771/"
] | Why not ship a GNU C compiler with your code generator? That way you have no version issues, and the client can constantly generate code that is usable. | I would stick to that language that you use for generating that language. You can generate and compile Java code in Java, Python code in Python, C# in C#, and even Lisp in Lisp, etc.
But it is not clear whether such languages are sufficiently fast for you. For top speed I would choose to generate C++ and use GCC for compilation. |
38,866 | I am planning to buy a netvertible (tablet netbook hybrid) and install Ubuntu 11.04 on it, probably as a dual boot with the shipped OS.
The Asus transformer which was just released looks really nice. Is it possible to install Ubuntu on it? If so, what works (out of the box or through work-arounds), what doesn't? | 2011/05/01 | [
"https://askubuntu.com/questions/38866",
"https://askubuntu.com",
"https://askubuntu.com/users/2919/"
] | **Native Ubuntu:**
If native ubuntu works on your Asus Transformer depends on your model, as the transformer needs to be rootable with the nflash method. To find out check your serial number (next to the cable port)
* If your serial number B4O-B6O, it will work
* If your serial number is B70 it might work
* If your serial number is B8O or higher it will not work (you can root your TF101 using Razorclaw though)
full details for installation can be found at the [xda wiki](http://forum.xda-developers.com/wiki/ASUS_Eee_Pad_Transformer/How_to_install_Ubuntu)
**VNC:**
This should work on all models, details for installation can be found in this [forum thread](http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=1145601) | personally, i havent tried it yet, but people at modaco ( android based forum ) discuss about it, you can check it
<http://android.modaco.com/content/asus-eee-pad-transformer-transformer-modaco-com/337267/some-kind-of-linux-ubuntu-on-the-transformer/#entry1670772>
and
<http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?p=13290506> |
38,866 | I am planning to buy a netvertible (tablet netbook hybrid) and install Ubuntu 11.04 on it, probably as a dual boot with the shipped OS.
The Asus transformer which was just released looks really nice. Is it possible to install Ubuntu on it? If so, what works (out of the box or through work-arounds), what doesn't? | 2011/05/01 | [
"https://askubuntu.com/questions/38866",
"https://askubuntu.com",
"https://askubuntu.com/users/2919/"
] | personally, i havent tried it yet, but people at modaco ( android based forum ) discuss about it, you can check it
<http://android.modaco.com/content/asus-eee-pad-transformer-transformer-modaco-com/337267/some-kind-of-linux-ubuntu-on-the-transformer/#entry1670772>
and
<http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?p=13290506> | **Ubuntu on Transformer is here.**
As reported by @Uli, thanks to **XDA dev** now is possible to running Ubuntu native on Asus eee pad transformer.
[Follow this step by step guide to install Ubuntu](http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=1163082) on micro sd card of your Transformer and boot it.
The guide is for windows, but in **Ubuntu** (and GNU/Linux in general) is more easy.
*Simply don't install driver and use flash.sh* (and restore.sh to restore boot.img to run Android) instead of flash.bat.
PS. flash.sh and bootloader related files are indicated on the official *[DEV] Native Ubuntu !!* thread indicated by @Uli). |
38,866 | I am planning to buy a netvertible (tablet netbook hybrid) and install Ubuntu 11.04 on it, probably as a dual boot with the shipped OS.
The Asus transformer which was just released looks really nice. Is it possible to install Ubuntu on it? If so, what works (out of the box or through work-arounds), what doesn't? | 2011/05/01 | [
"https://askubuntu.com/questions/38866",
"https://askubuntu.com",
"https://askubuntu.com/users/2919/"
] | **Native Ubuntu:**
If native ubuntu works on your Asus Transformer depends on your model, as the transformer needs to be rootable with the nflash method. To find out check your serial number (next to the cable port)
* If your serial number B4O-B6O, it will work
* If your serial number is B70 it might work
* If your serial number is B8O or higher it will not work (you can root your TF101 using Razorclaw though)
full details for installation can be found at the [xda wiki](http://forum.xda-developers.com/wiki/ASUS_Eee_Pad_Transformer/How_to_install_Ubuntu)
**VNC:**
This should work on all models, details for installation can be found in this [forum thread](http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=1145601) | **Ubuntu on Transformer is here.**
As reported by @Uli, thanks to **XDA dev** now is possible to running Ubuntu native on Asus eee pad transformer.
[Follow this step by step guide to install Ubuntu](http://forum.xda-developers.com/showthread.php?t=1163082) on micro sd card of your Transformer and boot it.
The guide is for windows, but in **Ubuntu** (and GNU/Linux in general) is more easy.
*Simply don't install driver and use flash.sh* (and restore.sh to restore boot.img to run Android) instead of flash.bat.
PS. flash.sh and bootloader related files are indicated on the official *[DEV] Native Ubuntu !!* thread indicated by @Uli). |
8,226,782 | I was wondering if it is possible to extract the facebook account assigned to the windows phone, I would like to have access to the user name, picture and friends name, pictures (which are stored in the People of WP7).
This would be done in C#.
Thanks | 2011/11/22 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/8226782",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/912212/"
] | You can get the name and photo of friends if the user has logged into their facebook account. You just can't get the account name and picture of the facebook login.
See <http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/hh202972(v=vs.92).aspx> | There is no way to access this information unfortunately. |
727,444 | Why a simple theory of lift like the one described below, is not accepted?
If you don’t agree with the following, please just skip this question and do not delete or downvote it, because it is a legitimate, scientifically sound explanation of lift.
Common sense theory of wing lift fundamentals:
Assume an airplane moves with the right speed and proper angle of attack.
The wing pushes the air in the direct path of its angle of attack. After the wing passes, the air previously in front of the wing, ends up down below the trailing edge. Air when pushed compresses, thus creating a higher-than-ambient pressure. The higher pressure then propagates and dissipates with the speed of sound.
The upper surface of the wing moves away from air, thus creating a lower-than-ambient pressure. Air from around then rushes in to fill the void (lower pressure), also with the speed of sound.
The pressure difference translates in a force pushing the wing back up. That force is Lift plus Induced Drag.
There is more to it of course, especially about what a proper angle of attack is, and what the right speed is. | 2022/09/13 | [
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/727444",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/users/344842/"
] | Pressure is the result of momentum exchange between gas particles and a surface. Even in a gas which has no bulk velocity vector, each particle travels in a straight line until it collides with either a surface or another particles. When a particle collides with anything it can’t continue on its original trajectory therefore per rules of classical mechanics it must undergo an exchange of momentum to change its velocity vector. The rate of impulse of many of these particles is simply expressed as a pressure. This simplification is used since we are only interested in the net effect on the surface/body and not the individual particles. When the bulk / free stream gas has a net velocity vector the added kinetic energy of the particles will be accounted for when they collide with a surface. This results in an increase in the impulsive delivered by individual particles as well as a net increase in the total effect the gas has on the surface.
The lower pressure on top of the wing is due to the collisions on top of the wing not needing to redirect as much momentum as the bottom. In fact the bulk velocity vector of the fluid on top of the wing points away from the surface reducing the relative speed a gas particle will strike the surface with. For speeds much lower than Mack 1 compressibility is negligible due to the speed of the random motion of particles being much much higher than the speed of the bulk flow. | The main problem with that explanation is that it makes conflates lift with profile drag. Lift is a different phenomena and the "lift" in your explanation is less like actual lift and more like the upwards component of profile drag. The explanation contains just enough specifics to be wrong, or at least miss the primary point of discussion (what makes a wing, a wing what it is and not something else). That's why it doesn't work even as a simplified, qualitative explanation.
It would be sort of like saying both propellers and paddle wheels work the same way. Yes, they both push water backwards but they don't do it the same way. An early propeller like a screw propeller might produce thrust using using drag principles like a paddle wheel does, but proper propeller, as we know it, does not and instead operates produces thrust via lift principles. So by implicitly describing it to operate based on drag misses it for what it is.
The simplest explanation I have heard for lift which is vague enough to not be wrong, as far as I know, is that the wing "throws down air" to produce upward momentum but this leaves beginners to ask how the top surface throws down air at all since supposedly it plays an important role.
That leads to the second simplest explanation which is that due to the properties of fluids, the air follows the shape of the wing and is guided downwards which is something that cannot be reproduced with particles such as sand. |
727,444 | Why a simple theory of lift like the one described below, is not accepted?
If you don’t agree with the following, please just skip this question and do not delete or downvote it, because it is a legitimate, scientifically sound explanation of lift.
Common sense theory of wing lift fundamentals:
Assume an airplane moves with the right speed and proper angle of attack.
The wing pushes the air in the direct path of its angle of attack. After the wing passes, the air previously in front of the wing, ends up down below the trailing edge. Air when pushed compresses, thus creating a higher-than-ambient pressure. The higher pressure then propagates and dissipates with the speed of sound.
The upper surface of the wing moves away from air, thus creating a lower-than-ambient pressure. Air from around then rushes in to fill the void (lower pressure), also with the speed of sound.
The pressure difference translates in a force pushing the wing back up. That force is Lift plus Induced Drag.
There is more to it of course, especially about what a proper angle of attack is, and what the right speed is. | 2022/09/13 | [
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/questions/727444",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com",
"https://physics.stackexchange.com/users/344842/"
] | Pressure is the result of momentum exchange between gas particles and a surface. Even in a gas which has no bulk velocity vector, each particle travels in a straight line until it collides with either a surface or another particles. When a particle collides with anything it can’t continue on its original trajectory therefore per rules of classical mechanics it must undergo an exchange of momentum to change its velocity vector. The rate of impulse of many of these particles is simply expressed as a pressure. This simplification is used since we are only interested in the net effect on the surface/body and not the individual particles. When the bulk / free stream gas has a net velocity vector the added kinetic energy of the particles will be accounted for when they collide with a surface. This results in an increase in the impulsive delivered by individual particles as well as a net increase in the total effect the gas has on the surface.
The lower pressure on top of the wing is due to the collisions on top of the wing not needing to redirect as much momentum as the bottom. In fact the bulk velocity vector of the fluid on top of the wing points away from the surface reducing the relative speed a gas particle will strike the surface with. For speeds much lower than Mack 1 compressibility is negligible due to the speed of the random motion of particles being much much higher than the speed of the bulk flow. | The theory of wings pushing air is highly unsatisfactory if you know that the main contribution to the lift comes from suction at the leading edge and on the upper side of the aerodynamic surface.
Even 2D-airfoil generates lift without any need for "air replacement".
Try to have a look to the relation between **pressure gradient** and **curvature of streamlines**. When a streamline has curvature, pressure decreases in the direction pointing towards the centre of curvature. Take a uniform pressure at the far field.
The answer to your question is there, if you don't want to take into account circulation and other "advanced" concepts commonly accepted in Aerodynamics. |
16,793 | Does anyone how banks determine the spread over LIBOR on a Equity Swap?
Example:
Party A pays the return on SPTR to Party B
Party B pays 1M LIBOR + 40 bps to Party A
Does anyone know how the 40 bps spread would be determined?
Thank you! | 2015/02/27 | [
"https://quant.stackexchange.com/questions/16793",
"https://quant.stackexchange.com",
"https://quant.stackexchange.com/users/15500/"
] | I realize the previous answer doesn't answer anything, yes the spread over LIBOR on the swap is such that the swap has 0 value at inception, but how do you compute the value of the equity leg ?
The spread on an equity swap depends on the level at which you can repo the underlying equity if you replicate the swap through a buy and sell transaction + a stock loan (its slightly different due to the regulatory treatment, a stock loan is on the balance sheet whereas a swap is not).
A swap from the "equity payer" perspective is the same as borrowing the stock, then shorting it. From the "equity receiver" perspective it is buying the stock and lending it.
The spread level will depend on this implicit lending/borrowing transaction terms :
* Is the transaction breakable before its end or not, with which notice period ?
* What is the term (duration of the transaction) ?
* What is the collateral (independent amount) level arranged, in which currency ?
* The repo itself (how hard is it to borrow the security) ?
* Additional considerations such as cross-currency basis if the financing currency is different from the underlying currency, etc. | Unless the counterparty specifically bought the swap, then at inception the swap had a 0 value, i.e. the spread is that value which equates the two legs. Of course, it's usually bumped up (bank receiving) or down (bank paying) as the trader's profit. |
16,793 | Does anyone how banks determine the spread over LIBOR on a Equity Swap?
Example:
Party A pays the return on SPTR to Party B
Party B pays 1M LIBOR + 40 bps to Party A
Does anyone know how the 40 bps spread would be determined?
Thank you! | 2015/02/27 | [
"https://quant.stackexchange.com/questions/16793",
"https://quant.stackexchange.com",
"https://quant.stackexchange.com/users/15500/"
] | I realize the previous answer doesn't answer anything, yes the spread over LIBOR on the swap is such that the swap has 0 value at inception, but how do you compute the value of the equity leg ?
The spread on an equity swap depends on the level at which you can repo the underlying equity if you replicate the swap through a buy and sell transaction + a stock loan (its slightly different due to the regulatory treatment, a stock loan is on the balance sheet whereas a swap is not).
A swap from the "equity payer" perspective is the same as borrowing the stock, then shorting it. From the "equity receiver" perspective it is buying the stock and lending it.
The spread level will depend on this implicit lending/borrowing transaction terms :
* Is the transaction breakable before its end or not, with which notice period ?
* What is the term (duration of the transaction) ?
* What is the collateral (independent amount) level arranged, in which currency ?
* The repo itself (how hard is it to borrow the security) ?
* Additional considerations such as cross-currency basis if the financing currency is different from the underlying currency, etc. | The spread is determined by how much the notional value of the swap is collateralized. If the swap is 0% collateralized, your rate can be as high as L+600. If it's fully collateralized, as low as L+50.
If you keep 10% of the notional amount as pledged collateral, then any single day loss over 10% in SPTR would require additional margin to be posted above the collateral pool. The spread is a function of the credit-worthiness of the counterparty, the notional amount, the percentage of pledged collateral, and the assumed distribution of returns on the swapped instrument.
None of this walks through the exact method, and the ranges on the spreads of LIBOR are neighborhood figures, but that is how they approach it. |
8,286,834 | How do you tackle this problem when you are dealing with legacy code
* Classes you deal with is not well designed, requires some serious design changes
* Classes you deal with mostly tightly coupled
* You don't have enough unit tests to do refactoring much
* You don't add new unit tests because design is bad and you are going to change it anyway
* You can't change the design that easily because
+ *Tight coupling, not enough unit tests* - stuff can really wrong as it requires a new design for multiple classes at the same time without any safety nets.
Where do you start? How do you attack to the problem? | 2011/11/27 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/8286834",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/40322/"
] | A Chicken and Egg problem.
If it's not possible to write some decent unit tests because of thight coupling, a better approach might be to **work from the top down**.
If you don't already have Integration, System and or GUI tests, this would be a good reason to create them **before** you start creating unit tests. Once you have them in place, you can start refactoring the code to create decent unit tests and still be fairly confident that your all-compassing tests will catch your most obvious mistakes.
Note that in my personal opinion, these testcases should be created as such that they should not have to be altered once you are ready to start creating unit tests and refactoring your code.
A must read on this subject is [Working Effectively with Legacy Code](http://www.objectmentor.com/resources/articles/WorkingEffectivelyWithLegacyCode.pdf) by Michael Feathers.
>
> **Conclusion**
>
>
> The strategy that I’ve outlined works for a wide variety of changes,
> however there are some caveats. Sometimes the only decent inflection
> point that you can find for a set of classes is the system boundary.
> In some applications, the system boundary can be pretty wide: it
> encompasses the GUI, calls to other external libraries, the database,
> etc. In those cases, the best way to get an invariant is to start
> writing what Steve McConnell calls “smoke tests” against the rest of
> the system
>
>
> | You first want to make sure you don't change the behaviour of the code.
If you write unit tests which assert the way that the code currently behaves then you can make changes to the code and check that the tests still pass, if they do then the code behaviour hasn't changed.
You can then refactor the code however you like. When you refactor the design you refactor the tests as well, but don't change the assertions they make. |
38,547 | I would like to create a look for my model that is similar to the material of models in Blender "object"/"sculpt" mode. I have tried using Glossy and Diffuse nodes to make "plastic" and "rubber" (according to online tutorials) but it ends up looking wrong; I want it to have a sort of rubber-putty 'sheen' rather than a plastic 'shine', if that makes any sense. I am new to this, so there may be something obvious that I am missing. Perhaps it is a matter of proper lighting, I am not sure. Thank you for help! | 2015/09/14 | [
"https://blender.stackexchange.com/questions/38547",
"https://blender.stackexchange.com",
"https://blender.stackexchange.com/users/17936/"
] | Here's the similar effect I achieved mixing the ***Toon Shaders*** (see the nodes setup below). Although I don't know how to achieve the 100% accurate effect.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/1fkYC.jpg)
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/sCeM4.jpg)
I used a *three point lighting* method in this case. You can see the light's setup below.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/9JFdR.jpg) | Try using a Diffuse BDSF node (in cycles, of course), and play with the 'roughness' setting'. If your rig is like mine (not very powerful), it may be helpful to put your 3DView in render mode, hide everything except for maybe a cube or small icosphere (set to shade smooth), and then apply this diffuse material. Start fiddling with the roughness setting and watch as the render appears. You might find you'll get something that works.
Also, keep in mind that the 3DView in object mode uses 2 or 3 openGL lights of various colors and at difference positions in relation to the 3d View camera (**not** the render camera). Go to File > User Preferences > System tab and look at the upper right where you should see these "Solid OpenGL Lights" definitions. You can use this to help you decide how set up your scene lighting which should render the way you want. |
125,639 | Is it possible to replace a large-dimensional system of differential equations with one partial differential equation? | 2013/03/26 | [
"https://mathoverflow.net/questions/125639",
"https://mathoverflow.net",
"https://mathoverflow.net/users/32541/"
] | Call a unitary matrix *flat* if all its entries have the same absolute value. In operator theory these arise as a class of type-II matrices, which were used by Vaughan Jones in his work on link invariants. Currently they are also of interest in physics, because of their connection with "mutually unbiased bases". In this context they are known as generalized Hadamard matrices (which is a good enough name, but has a different meaning among design theorists).
The basic examples are Hadamard matrices and character tables of abelian groups, as noted by Mark and Steve. The class of flat unitary matrices is closed under Kronecker product, and this gives us examples which are neither Hadamard nor character tables. A survey of the subject by physicists appears as arXiv:quant-ph/0512154. (And if you search on quant-ph for articles with "Hadamard" in the title, you'll find many more papers on the subject.) | No. For example, there are [Hadamard matrices](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadamard_matrix) (after rescaling). |
24,150 | I'm currently in a country where internet access is expensive (New Zealand), and I'm curious if I'll be able to download Portal 2. How big is the download in Steam? | 2011/06/07 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/24150",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/2958/"
] | The [system requirements](http://store.steampowered.com/app/620/) list 7.6 GB for Portal 2. If you already have a Source game the size could be much smaller since the Source engine compromises a large part of the download. | Yeah like all the other have said, Need to have Source SDK Base 2007 installed already, and that file is a whooping 4.8Gigs (if i remember correctly - around 4gig range) So I would say Portal 2 is roughly 2.5 gigs |
24,150 | I'm currently in a country where internet access is expensive (New Zealand), and I'm curious if I'll be able to download Portal 2. How big is the download in Steam? | 2011/06/07 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/24150",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/2958/"
] | The [system requirements](http://store.steampowered.com/app/620/) list 7.6 GB for Portal 2. If you already have a Source game the size could be much smaller since the Source engine compromises a large part of the download. | The amount of data that needs to be downloaded is different than the amount of disk space the game uses once installed. As reported by the installer screen before installing Portal 2 the disk space required during the installation is 11.6GB:
However once you start the download process, the amount of data required is significantly less at 6.6GB. Additionally, I have tested that this download size is not affected if you already have the Source SDK or other Source based game(s) installed.
 |
403,857 | Modern English has some diphthongs ending in /-ɪ/, as in \*oy/oi of "boy/voice", \*ay/ā of "bay/ace", \*ey/ī of "eye/ice", etc. But I haven't found the diphthongs /uɪ, ʌɪ/ (or even /ʊɪ/).
Does Modern English have them? If yes, where (in which words)?
Did English have them at some time in the past (in Old English, Middle English, etc.)? If yes, into what did they evolve and how are/were they spelled? Is the /wi/ of "cuisine" or the /aɪ/ of "buy" the modern pronunciation of an historical \*uy/ui which was pronounced as /uɪ/? | 2017/08/02 | [
"https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/403857",
"https://english.stackexchange.com",
"https://english.stackexchange.com/users/250563/"
] | [ʌɪ]
----
Assuming we take the symbol "ʌ" to represent more or less the STRUT vowel, some contemporary North American speakers have a diphthong more or less pronounced [ʌɪ] (it could also be transcribed as [əɪ], [ɜɪ], or [ɐɪ]) as an allophone of /aɪ/. For certain other North American speakers, there may be a marginal phonemic split between /ʌɪ/ and /aɪ/.
This is because of the phenomenon called "[Canadian raising](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian_raising)". Basically, [ʌɪ] is regularly used instead of [aɪ] before voiceless/fortis coda consonants. But for many speakers, [ʌɪ] can also show up in some other contexts.
In North American English, /t/ and /d/ are often lenited in certain "weak" positions, which causes them to become the voiced flap [ɾ] before a vowel. For some speakers with t-lenition, there is a phonemic contrast between [ʌɪɾ] (with [ɾ] from lenited /t/) and [aɪɾ] (with [ɾ] from lenited [d]). The classic example of this contrast is "writer", with [ʌɪ] like the verb "write" [ɹʌɪt], vs. "rider", with [aɪ] like the verb "ride" [ɹaɪd].
If we assume that /t/ and /d/ actually remain distinct phonemes intervocalically, despite the apparent or near-neutralization to [ɾ], then the phonemic distinction between "writer" and "rider" can be explained as a difference in the medial consonant phoneme rather than as a difference in the vowel phoneme.
But there are some speakers who use [ʌɪɾ] in certain monomorphemic words that historically contained the phoneme /d/, such as "spider". And I've heard that some speakers even have [ʌɪ] before voiced consonants other than [ɾ] in certain monomorphemic words, such as *tiger.* I think speakers who use [ʌɪ] in words like *spider* or *tiger* may be more likely to think of /ʌɪ/ as a distinct phoneme from /aɪ/.
A diphthong something like [ʌɪ] is also commonly supposed to have been a step in the development of [aɪ] from original [iː]; e.g. something like [iː] > [ɪi] > [əi] > [ʌi] > [ai]. However, this never contrasted with any preexisting /ai/ phoneme, because Old English /ai/ was already merged with /ei/ to something like [ɛi~æi] (the "[vein-vain merger](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phonological_history_of_English_diphthongs#Vein.E2.80.93vain_merger)"). (I don't know how strong the evidence is for the exact steps given above, versus e.g. "[iː] > [ɪi] > [ei] > [ɛi] > [ai]" with the reflex of OE /ai/ and /ei/ having already become monphthongal /eː/ by the time the reflex of /iː/ was lowered to something like [ɛi].)
[ʊɪ~uɪ]
-------
I don't know of any dialects, past or present, that have two distinct diphthongs /ʊɪ/ and /uɪ/, so I'll deal with them together. A diphthong [ʊɪ~uɪ] is generally supposed to have existed in Middle English, corresponding to some cases of Modern English /ɔɪ/: see *English Language and Linguistics Online* "[Diphthongs](http://www.ello.uos.de/field.php/EarlyModernEnglish/Diphthongs)", which says
>
> The Middle English [oi] was [ɔi] in words like *noise* and *royal,* and remained until today. However, there are also some words pronounced [oi] that derived from ME [ui]. This diphthong developed into [əi] and changed to [ai] in the Early Modern period. It occurred in words like *boil, destroy, join* etc. In PDE it is pronounced [ɔi]. (Cf. Barber 1976: 304)
>
>
>
My impression is that it was mainly spelled the same as /ɔɪ/, so "oi/oy" etc.
Roger Lass says
>
> The diphthongs /oi/ (*joy, choice*) and /ui/ (*join, poison*), though usually spelled alike in Middle English, were nevertheless kept apart—if not always according to etymology—until well into the eighteenth century. Hart regularly writes <oi> for /oi/ and <ui> for /ui/, and has an occasional third value written <uei> = /wɛi/ in a few words like the Dutch loan *buoy.* Hodges (1644) still retains two sets: one apparently has [ɒi] and the other [wɛi] (*boy, choice, joy* vs. *boil, coin, point*). Wallis has [ɒi] in *boys, noise, toys* and -- probably -- [əi] in *boil, oil, toil*; but he notes that the latter set can also have [ɒi]. And [əi] is Wallis' usual reflex for ME /iː/, so there is a partial merger which we can exemplify by *loin* and *line.*
>
>
>
(*[A History of the English Language](https://books.google.com/books?id=U5FDi8WksqYC&pg=PA61&lpg=PA61&dq=Middle%20English%20diphthong%20allophones%20oi&source=bl&ots=QUMitg2RTa&sig=vlM9Y1PYaOAexg44_aXMQ6dG7Aw&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwj_uLGaurfVAhXhylQKHVyQCkE4ChDoAQg3MAQ#v=onepage&q&f=false),* "Phonology and Morphology," p. 88, edited by Richard Hogg and David Denison)
I also found discussion of this in *[Written Language: General Problems and Problems of English](https://books.google.com/books?id=0Y6dCgAAQBAJ&pg=PA43&lpg=PA43&dq=Middle%20English%20ui%20oi%20diphthong%20phonemic&source=bl&ots=fMmr_Z5Dnw&sig=uUBqgu_BQld5NqjxzQK4J2EYWjA&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjHmIq8gbnVAhXBKWMKHR1sCnsQ6AEIVDAI#v=onepage&q&f=false),* by Josef Vachek.
Vachek (p. 41-44) says that the first, nuclear vowel in /ui/ developed “perfectly parallel” to the vowel in *much* and *fun,* and transcribes the stages of its development as “oi”and “əi”, saying it would have reached the latter by the 18th century. Vachek apparently uses <ə> to represent the quality of a stressed “short u” sound (he later identifies ə as the vowel of *come* and *love*), so I would re-write this as /ui/ > /ʊi/ > /ʌi/; the notation doesn’t really matter though.
The evidence for this development seems to be the merger with the reflex of Middle English /iː/ mentioned by Lass: Vachek provides the example of rhymes between “*joins—refines, toil—compiles,* and *poison—surprise on* and the like” (p. 41) from poems in the 17th and 18th centuries and explains these as having əi as the nuclear vowel: in the first member of the pair from /ui/, and in the second member of the pair from /iː/. The development that Vachek gives for /iː/ is *ɪi > ei > əi > ai,* with the stage *əi* reached by the 17th century.
He says the merger of /ui/ words with CHOICE rather than PRICE in present-day English is “commonly explained as due to the influence of the spelling” (p. 42), and he doesn’t think this is completely off-base, but he expresses dissatisfaction with this explanation in light of the fact that words such as *come* and *love* retain the irregular spelling-pronunciation correspondence “o” = *ə*. He argues that the pushback against merging /ui/ with PRICE was “functionally motivated” by a tendency to mark words of non-native origin with markedly non-native sounds, like the CHOICE diphthong, rather than unmarked native sounds like the PRICE diphthong (p. 43).
Vachek’s argument is not extremely convincing to me. *Come* and *love* are very frequent words, so I think they would be expected to resist spelling pronunciation more than most other words. It seems to me that there probably are some less frequent words spelled with “o” that were originally pronounced with the STRUT vowel and then developed spelling pronunciations with LOT or GOAT: for example, certain words such as *wort* and *wont*; certain words with <o> from French <o~u~ou> such as *pommel, conduit, conjure, colander* (compare *compass, comfort, company, money, stomach, color*); and miscellaneous words of uncertain origin and variable pronunciation (which admittedly might not be examples of spelling-pronunciation) such as *donkey* (possibly derived from “dun” or “Duncan”).
I remember reading somewhere that some people don't think there was ever really a phonemically distinctive contrast between [ʊɪ~uɪ] and [oɪ~ɔɪ~ɒɪ], even in Middle English (note that the distinction that Lass talks about seems to have been realized in various ways, often involving a merger of one or the other sound with a third sound or sequence of sounds), but I don't really understand what the argument for this position is.
Geoff Nunberg made a comment beneath the Language Log post "[Who would not weep, if E. B. White were he?](http://languagelog.ldc.upenn.edu/nll/?p=1421#comment-31434)" that seems to suggest that the words with a vowel that could be merged into the "long i" sound tended to have certain types of surrounding consonants:
>
> consider the 18th c. blurring of the nuclei of words like *line* and *loin,* which turns up several times in the Essay of Criticism:
>
>
> [...]
>
>
> One notable point here is that this confusion was phonetically conditioned, limited to vowels before /n/, /l/ and some other sonorants, particularly when preceded by /p/ and /b/ (as in *point* and *boil*). Nobody rhymed *toy* and *sigh* as far as I know. So the rhymes here turned on a perception of phonetic closeness or identity, not simply a rhyming convention. A second is that the confusion left several doublets in its wake (*rile* and *roil,* for example) as well as some dialect variation: Dickens had his lower-class characters saying *spile* for *spoil* and *jint* for *joint.* A third is that the confusion was noted, and sometimes criticized as "abusive," by contemporary writers.
>
>
>
I found the partial overlap between the words Nunberg mentions and the list of words from Barber as reported by *English Language and Linguistics Online* to be interesting: Barber mentions the word *destroy,* which doesn't have a sonorant consonant after the diphthong, but the words *boil* and *join* occur in both lists.
A somewhat comparable situation may exist in some recorded forms of Brooklyn English. *[Accents of English: Volume 3](https://books.google.com/books?id=484eVQ7t8TMC&pg=PA509&lpg=PA509&dq=Middle%20English%20diphthong%20allophones%20oi&source=bl&ots=xGVnwzkHok&sig=VM4QBhx8iZWW7Wopi8fUnXOWMNE&hl=en&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwju7q2uuLfVAhVLr1QKHbnEDwUQ6AEIVjAJ#v=onepage&q&f=false),* by John Wells, reports on work by William Labov that found that certain Brooklyn English speakers used [ɜɪ] for /ɔɪ/ in certain words such as *voice* and *join* (but "only in the environment of a following consonant belonging to the same morpheme"). Wells says he is not in favor of analyzing this as a separate phoneme. I don't know if the distinction has any direct relation to the old /ui/ and /oi/ sets, but I thought that it seems somewhat relevant even if not.
**buy**
-------
The word "buy" isn't, as far as I can tell, part of the standard /ui/ set that Lass is talking about. The words that Lass categorizes as having /oi/ and /ui/ are all loanwords (mainly from French/Romance languages); *buy* is a native Germanic word. It looks like Hart may have transcribed this word with "ei", his symbol for the reflex of Middle English [iː]: *[John Hart's pronunciation of English (1569-1570)](https://archive.org/stream/johnhartspronunc00jespuoft#page/88),* by Otto Jespersen, suggests that "beiër (= *buyer*?)" (apparently there is some uncertainty). I give my best guess as to why this word is spelled with "uy" in my answer to [Why is "build" spelt with a "u"?](https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/300332/why-is-b)
Basically, Old English had a high front rounded vowel [yː] (mostly written "y") that developed in most accents, including the one that is the main ancestor of Modern English, to an high front unrounded vowel [iː] (mostly written "i" or "y"), but to something different in some other accents that was written "uy" or "ui". I have never seen it written that this "something different" was a diphthong like [uɪ], though: it may have been a monophthong that just happened to be written with a digraph. I don't know if we have any detailed information about the sound of this "uy/ui"; although the vowel [uː] in the word "bruise" in present-day English seems to have developed from something similar.
cuisine, biscuit, circuit, conduit
----------------------------------
I am not too familiar with the evolution of this set of words. The "ui" in Old French *conduit* originates from vocalization of the consonant /k/ in Latin *condu**c**tus,* which seems to suggest that it was originally pronounced with a falling diphthong, but at some point in French all falling diphthongs were converted to rising diphthongs.
In English, I don't *think* these words ever fell into the /ui/ set that Lass mentions, although I'm not entirely sure. The pronunciations in present-day English all represent "u" = /w/ (the loss of "w" after a consonant in an unstressed syllable was a semi-regular sound change; compare *answer, [conquer](https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/63538/why-is-conquer-pronounced-k%C9%94%C5%8Bk%C9%9A-and-not-k%C9%94%C5%8Bkw%C9%9A), [Greenwich](https://english.stackexchange.com/questions/30320/the-mysterious-unenunciated-w-in-the-wich-of-english-place-names?noredirect=1&lq=1)*), aside from *conduit,* which has picked up what seems to be a spelling-pronunciation with /dju.ɪt/ (or some variant of that like /djʊ.ɪt/, /du.ɪt/, /dʒu.ɪt/). | Phonetically, the diphthong [ʊɪ] still exists in some English accents spoken today, particularly in the words *ruin*, *fluid*, etc.
This appears to be characteristic of the accents which exhibit what is called "smoothing," in which a diphthong + /ə/ may be reduced to a simple falling diphthong or even a long monophthong, so e.g. *fire* /faɪə/ becomes [faə̯], [faː], or even [fɑː] merged with *far*.
To a lesser extent, the segment following the diphthong does not necessarily have to be a schwa but may be another vowel such as /iː/ or /ɪ/ in order for the diphthong to be reduced, and the diphthong may not be a diphthong at all; long vowels also get shortened and laxed when followed immediately by another vowel, which then may lose its syllabicity. This is especially evident in *idea*, *theatre*, *real*, *influence*, etc., which may be realized with the NEAR/CURE vowel in Received Pronunciation (more often than not!), while FLEECE/GOOSE + /ə/ is the only possibility in standard American English.
In the same manner, *ruin* /ˈruːɪn/ and *fluid* /ˈfluːɪd/ may be shortened and laxed to [rʊɪ̯n] and [flʊɪ̯d], producing a full-fledged diphthong, [ʊɪ̯].
[Cruttenden (2014: 98)](https://books.google.com/books?id=M2nMAgAAQBAJ&pg=PA98) said:
>
> A vowel glide [ʊɪ] exemplified by such words as *ruin*, *fluid*, *suet*, is of rare occurrence within one syllable. The same glide occurs as a reduced form of [uː] + the suffix *-ing*, e.g. in *doing*. The same sequence also occurs across word boundaries as a result of smoothing ... e.g. *two in* [tʊɪn]. Since this glide is relatively rare, and since it may be analysed as disyllabic, it is regarded phonemically as a sequence of /ʊ/ plus /ɪ/.
>
>
>
[Wells (1982: 240)](https://books.google.com/books?id=Ty5RoXyTKQsC&pg=PA240) said:
>
> In RP Smoothing can also apply to /iː/ and /uː/. It has the phonetic effect of laxing them to [ɪː] and [ʊː] respectively. (This can be interpreted as evidence in favour of analysing FLEECE and GOOSE as underlyingly diphthongal, /ɪi, ʊu/; Smoothing then has its usual effect of producing a monophthong with the phonetic quality of the starting-point of the underlying diphthong.) Examples include *Thea* [ˈθɪːə], *seeing* [sɪːɪŋ], *fluent* [ˈflʊːənt], *doing* [ˈdʊːɪŋ]; across word boundaries, note for instance [ˈtʊː əˈklɒk], [ˈθrɪː əˈklɒk].
>
>
> Syllabicity Loss can then make disyllabic [ɪːə, ʊːə] into monosyllabic [ɪə̆, ʊə̆] (note: the breve diacritic in IPA stood for non-syllabicity rather than extra-shortness until 1989), which are identical in realization with NEAR and CURE respectively. Hence *freer* (comparative of *free*) may be a perfect rhyme of *dear*, and *truer* of *sure*; *theory* may rhyme with *dreary*, and *brewery* with *jury*; *don't be a fool* may have [bɪə] exactly like *beer*, and *I can't do a thing* may have [dʊə] exactly like *dour*.
>
>
> Some speakers have optional Syllabicity Loss with weak [ɪ], too. Then *ruin* and *doing* become monosyllabic, with a diphthong [ʊɪ̆]; *poet* and *going* similarly have [ɜɪ̆] (old-fashioned [oɪ̆]).
>
>
>
[Daniel Jones](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_Jones_(phonetician)) was already [speaking](https://archive.org/stream/cu31924027389505#page/n122/mode/1up) of this phenomenon a hundred years ago (in his *Outline of English Phonetics*, published in 1922 but mostly written by 1918; note his notation differentiates the tense and lax vowels only by length, but not by quality):
>
> The “long” vowels (and diphthongs) are also shortened when immediately followed by another vowel. Thus the **iː** in *seeing* **´siːiŋ** is shorter than the **iː** in *see* **siː** or that in *seen* **siːn**, the **ɔː** in *drawing* **´drɔːiŋ** is shorter than the **ɔː** in *draw* **drɔː** or that in *draws* **drɔːz**.
>
>
> **uː** is often reduced to the lax **u** under these circumstances; thus *ruin* may be pronounced either **´ruːin** (the tense **uː** being somewhat shortened) or **ruin** with short lax **u**.
>
>
>
As Cruttenden points out, though, [ʊɪ] in these words is usually not considered enough evidence to necessitate one more phoneme in the phonemic inventory of English. Nevertheless, Jones' *[English Pronouncing Dictionary](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English_Pronouncing_Dictionary)* appears to have [more or less treated](https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.14973#page/n33/mode/1up) [it as a distinct sound](https://archive.org/stream/in.ernet.dli.2015.94053#page/n29/mode/1up) until he was succeeded by A.C. Gimson as its editor. |
453,846 | When I monitor my computer's memory usage in Resource Manager, I see that I constantly get between 60 and 100 hard faults.
Is this normal?
Or is that hard fault graph ideally supposed to be flat at 0?
I run Windows 7 and I have 4GB RAM. | 2012/07/26 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/453846",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/17016/"
] | I suppose that it can be normal considering the amount of RAM you have.
The more RAM you have, the fewer hard faults you should see. | On my 2009 laptop with 3GB of RAM there are usually 0-20 hard faults per/sec while playing a game, processing a video, etc. It could be that certain kinds of RAM like ECC or certain brand qualities. |
453,846 | When I monitor my computer's memory usage in Resource Manager, I see that I constantly get between 60 and 100 hard faults.
Is this normal?
Or is that hard fault graph ideally supposed to be flat at 0?
I run Windows 7 and I have 4GB RAM. | 2012/07/26 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/453846",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/17016/"
] | I suppose that it can be normal considering the amount of RAM you have.
The more RAM you have, the fewer hard faults you should see. | Memory Hard Faults have nothing to do with the 'brand' or 'quality' of the memory. It means that the software has requested an address and the page where it resides isn't still in main memory. Usually it has been swapped to virtual memory, (hard drive or SSD) and the OS will swap it back from virtual memory to physical memory. If you are getting massive amounts of hard faults/sec, it is usually due to too little RAM |
453,846 | When I monitor my computer's memory usage in Resource Manager, I see that I constantly get between 60 and 100 hard faults.
Is this normal?
Or is that hard fault graph ideally supposed to be flat at 0?
I run Windows 7 and I have 4GB RAM. | 2012/07/26 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/453846",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/17016/"
] | I suppose that it can be normal considering the amount of RAM you have.
The more RAM you have, the fewer hard faults you should see. | I am running a Dell with 6GB memory and was running at 100 hard faults/sec at idle. I ran Andvanced SystemCare free version, ran a scan and my faults went down to zero. I think I had spyware running in the background. Hope this helps! |
453,846 | When I monitor my computer's memory usage in Resource Manager, I see that I constantly get between 60 and 100 hard faults.
Is this normal?
Or is that hard fault graph ideally supposed to be flat at 0?
I run Windows 7 and I have 4GB RAM. | 2012/07/26 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/453846",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/17016/"
] | Memory Hard Faults have nothing to do with the 'brand' or 'quality' of the memory. It means that the software has requested an address and the page where it resides isn't still in main memory. Usually it has been swapped to virtual memory, (hard drive or SSD) and the OS will swap it back from virtual memory to physical memory. If you are getting massive amounts of hard faults/sec, it is usually due to too little RAM | On my 2009 laptop with 3GB of RAM there are usually 0-20 hard faults per/sec while playing a game, processing a video, etc. It could be that certain kinds of RAM like ECC or certain brand qualities. |
453,846 | When I monitor my computer's memory usage in Resource Manager, I see that I constantly get between 60 and 100 hard faults.
Is this normal?
Or is that hard fault graph ideally supposed to be flat at 0?
I run Windows 7 and I have 4GB RAM. | 2012/07/26 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/453846",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/17016/"
] | On my 2009 laptop with 3GB of RAM there are usually 0-20 hard faults per/sec while playing a game, processing a video, etc. It could be that certain kinds of RAM like ECC or certain brand qualities. | I am running a Dell with 6GB memory and was running at 100 hard faults/sec at idle. I ran Andvanced SystemCare free version, ran a scan and my faults went down to zero. I think I had spyware running in the background. Hope this helps! |
453,846 | When I monitor my computer's memory usage in Resource Manager, I see that I constantly get between 60 and 100 hard faults.
Is this normal?
Or is that hard fault graph ideally supposed to be flat at 0?
I run Windows 7 and I have 4GB RAM. | 2012/07/26 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/453846",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/17016/"
] | Memory Hard Faults have nothing to do with the 'brand' or 'quality' of the memory. It means that the software has requested an address and the page where it resides isn't still in main memory. Usually it has been swapped to virtual memory, (hard drive or SSD) and the OS will swap it back from virtual memory to physical memory. If you are getting massive amounts of hard faults/sec, it is usually due to too little RAM | I am running a Dell with 6GB memory and was running at 100 hard faults/sec at idle. I ran Andvanced SystemCare free version, ran a scan and my faults went down to zero. I think I had spyware running in the background. Hope this helps! |
156,286 | What is the problem with [my question](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/13481241/)? I got 2 downvotes already but no explanation as to why. If my question belongs elsewhere, or if the answer is "no", why won't people just tell me? | 2012/11/20 | [
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/156286",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/users/190276/"
] | It is a bad question for Stack Overflow - it is asking for resources.
Resource questions are considered not constructive.
In general, questions that ask people for opinions (and people will recommend different resources depending on their opinion of them) are not good questions for Stack Overflow.
Answers are expected to be definitive, which such a question makes impossible.
You may find more detail [in this question on meta](https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/138252/why-was-this-question-asking-for-a-library-recommendation-closed-as-not-construc). | A question asking for which library/framework to use has exactly the same problems as shopping questions. Shopping questions are considered "Not constructive" as is [described in this blog post](https://blog.stackoverflow.com/2010/11/qa-is-hard-lets-go-shopping/). |
273,779 | I'm trying to create a workflow that's seems like it should be simple, but I can't seem to tick all my boxes. Essentially it's because a step can be skipped sometimes.
Item is entered - workflow starts
Step 1: Status changes to "choice A" Workflow sends an email to "person A"
Step 2: Status Change to "choice B" Workflow sends an email to "person A" (this step can be skipped as sometimes "choice B" doesn't occur on certain items. these items are identified by another choice column and i can't use content type for these items either)
Step 3: Status changes to "Choice C" Workflow pauses (usually the change to "Choice C" to "Date A" is 6 months-year) until "date A" workflow sends different email based on "Type" to "person B". Date A is also not determined until "Choice C" is reached.
end
I've played around with a few methods but my biggest problem is that sometimes step 2 gets skipped, also there are days if not weeks between each step. The list will be about 2-3000 items, so I'm hesitant to use two workflows on each item. any ideas out there? I feel like this should be simple and I'm missing something.
Thanks
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/UZBF3.png) | 2019/12/19 | [
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/questions/273779",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/users/88149/"
] | You could create a workflow on on each library that contains information being updated on "subject" such that whenever a new document on "subject" is created or updated, that file is then updated in your centralized information site. | I, not sure if there has been any upgrade in 365 that solves this issue in a better way, but I´ve found something that helps somehow:
We work on plans and different levels of groups with different access to files.
The problem we had was that some teams work on files placed in a general folder/file structure but we don´t want them to access to all the info in those folders.
The solution found is:
* I´ve created a new team with it´s own Planner and members.
* Then I create a task in planner in wich I add a link to the subfolder (placed in the general structure).
This is working as the secundary team can access to the folder in the general structure but only to that folder, not to the whole structure of folders.
Hope this helps.
Gabriel |
273,779 | I'm trying to create a workflow that's seems like it should be simple, but I can't seem to tick all my boxes. Essentially it's because a step can be skipped sometimes.
Item is entered - workflow starts
Step 1: Status changes to "choice A" Workflow sends an email to "person A"
Step 2: Status Change to "choice B" Workflow sends an email to "person A" (this step can be skipped as sometimes "choice B" doesn't occur on certain items. these items are identified by another choice column and i can't use content type for these items either)
Step 3: Status changes to "Choice C" Workflow pauses (usually the change to "Choice C" to "Date A" is 6 months-year) until "date A" workflow sends different email based on "Type" to "person B". Date A is also not determined until "Choice C" is reached.
end
I've played around with a few methods but my biggest problem is that sometimes step 2 gets skipped, also there are days if not weeks between each step. The list will be about 2-3000 items, so I'm hesitant to use two workflows on each item. any ideas out there? I feel like this should be simple and I'm missing something.
Thanks
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/UZBF3.png) | 2019/12/19 | [
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/questions/273779",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com",
"https://sharepoint.stackexchange.com/users/88149/"
] | I think the most effective way to actually sync between two sites would be using custom solutions.
Since you have passed that option, you can use **OneDrive for Business** and **Microsoft Flow** instead.
Keep both document libraries synced to OneDrive for Business.
Then create flows for OneDrive for Business and trigger them when a file is created / modified / deleted (*properties only*) in one folder.
Please note that trigger the flow when a file is *deleted* is not yet supported.
Reference:
[Copy files from one OneDrive for Business account or folder to another.](https://asia.flow.microsoft.com/en-us/galleries/public/templates/5cb42db0cdfd4af689cdd427e0b08b34/copy-files-from-one-onedrive-for-business-account-or-folder-to-another/) | I, not sure if there has been any upgrade in 365 that solves this issue in a better way, but I´ve found something that helps somehow:
We work on plans and different levels of groups with different access to files.
The problem we had was that some teams work on files placed in a general folder/file structure but we don´t want them to access to all the info in those folders.
The solution found is:
* I´ve created a new team with it´s own Planner and members.
* Then I create a task in planner in wich I add a link to the subfolder (placed in the general structure).
This is working as the secundary team can access to the folder in the general structure but only to that folder, not to the whole structure of folders.
Hope this helps.
Gabriel |
23,980 | Any idea what PROM is intended in this diagram is ?[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/PAQPB.png)
It is from the rational R1000 computer.
Edit: Its not my project, I was trying to help the Danish data museum. They are making an emulator for this computer.
And I realized I might have misunderstood their original question, but I will let this question stand, and accept the best answer. | 2022/02/26 | [
"https://retrocomputing.stackexchange.com/questions/23980",
"https://retrocomputing.stackexchange.com",
"https://retrocomputing.stackexchange.com/users/11626/"
] | Most likely a standard 4 KiBit 512 by 8 Bipolar PROM.
Going from pinout and assumed DIP 20 it's either an
* AMD 27S28 (OC output), or
* AMD 27S29 (Tristate output)
From the circuit shown I'd assume it being a [27S29](https://www.tekkna.it/open2b/var/catalog/product/files/7738.pdf). Timing wise both are the same.
Compatible types for AM27S29 (AM27S28) are
* Harris HM7649 (HM7648)
* Monolitics Memories MM53/6349 (MM53/6348)
* National DM74S472 ([74S473](https://www.digchip.com/datasheets/parts/datasheet/321/74S473-pdf.php))
* Signetics S82S147 (S82S146)
* Texas Instruments SN74S472 (SN74S473)
I wouldn't get confused by different (inverse) logical address/data numbering, as that works fine as long as the programming file is coded accordingly. | it is almost certainly a 512x8 bipolar prom.
It is probably being used as a decoder.
They were common in the late 70's and 80's before fast CMOS ones were available. They are all obsolete now although some are still available in the surplus market.
Apple used them on the Apple II disk controller and printer cards. |
90,990 | Post-structuralist thought seems, to me, to be quite hard to argue with as a concept. Clearly, we understand the world through language, which both stems from culture, loading concepts with cultural meanings, and is imprecise. As such, the idea that we cannot arrive at an objective truth about the world, and could not communicate it fully even if we did, seems clear.
However, the truth of gravity, in the sense that things do not float off the surface of the earth, is also clear. Sure, explanations of why this happens have varied down the ages but it doesn't stop it from being true. And the explanation we seem to have arrived at with Einstein is accurate enough that our heavy and frequent tests of it would seem to support it.
These two things are not in immediate opposition. If I understand post-structuralism correctly (which I probably don't) there is no dispute that there *is* an objective reality, nor that science is a reasonable way of approximating it. The dispute is, rather, about the way in which science is given a privileged position as an arbiter of truth. Post-structuralism suggests the findings of science should be treated with a degree of humility.
But this in itself leads to practical problems. From a scientific point of view, we are left in a position where topics of critical importance in medicine and environmental science can be thrown into doubt by opponents with political axes to grind. From a philosophical point of view, we have a position where post-structuralism has muddied the waters to the extent that the Sokal affair can take place and some well-known philosophers, even venerated names like Lacan, can be shown to be abusing mathematical and scientific terms in the service of gibberish.
I've seen attempts to argue that the two positions are different because philosophy is at its core "qualitative" and science "quantitative". However, this strikes me as false. A counting system, for example, that only deals with estimates rather than exact quantities, cannot deal with even the most basic concepts of scientific mathematics. Yet a post-structuralist reading applies equal weight to the claim of truth for both quantitative and estimate-based systems.
Given that post-structuralism arose in the 1960s and the "science wars" were in the mid-90s I had hoped, looking into the question again now, that some kind of synthesis between these two positions could be reached, especially given that the accuracy of both seems hard to dispute. But I can't find anything recent to suggest that there is. Has philosophy found any way to reconcile these arguments? | 2022/05/03 | [
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/questions/90990",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/users/6520/"
] | >
> Clearly, we understand the world through language
>
>
>
If by this you mean we understand the world *only* through language, this is not clear at all. In fact, it is false, because it entirely discounts the value of nonverbal thoughts. Language is highly *useful* for understanding the world, but as they say, "a picture tells a thousand words." A map of the globe tells you more, and more clearly, than an essay describing where the countries are. Aside from pictures on paper, we think using mental pictures, with our emotions, and with our other senses: taste, hearing, smell, touch. How can you describe the smell of your grandmother's house in words? You cannot; the sensory experience is nonverbal.
Most of our brains evolved before our ancestors developed language. We share most major brain features with mice and dogs. It follows that a very large proportion of what our brains are doing to think and act effectively is not automatically verbal. And this matches with our experience.
>
> ... language, which both stems from culture, loading concepts with cultural meanings, and is imprecise. As such, the idea that we cannot arrive at an objective truth about the world,
>
>
>
There is an equivocation here, when you talk about "arriving" at objective truths. There are (at least) two things we may do with an objective truth: we may state it, and we may be certain of it. We may state an objective truth without being certain of it. Your premise supports the notion that we cannot be *certain* that what we have stated is an objective truth. But we can still state objective truths, even though we are not certain we have done so.
And even though we cannot be certain, we can reasonably be very confident in some of our statements.
For example, there is a mug of water on my desk. This is an objective truth I have stated. I am confident of it, but never certain; perhaps an evil demon is fooling my senses, or something like that. But my lack of certainty does not stop me from asserting the claim with high confidence, and I'm very probably right about it, too.
Next to address is the notion that all our knowledge is culture-bound.
It's true that most of our knowledge has some dependence on culture (with the exception of facts known through personal experience alone, such as my knowledge of the aforementioned mug of water). Science depends on culture. Politics depends on culture. Literary criticism depends on culture. But to say this alone is to neglect the *degree* to which a field of study depends on culture, compared to the degree to which it depends on external, non-cultural facts.
Different fields depend on culture to different degrees. Literary criticism and politics depend *to a great deal* on culture; *a great deal* of what is talked about has to do with what views affiliate with what faction, or what views are similar to high-status views expressed in the past. Physics, on the other hand, still does depend on culture, but external facts - collected from measuring devices - also have a strong influence on physics, much stronger than the influence of external facts upon literary criticism or politics. Physicists can be, and have been, refuted not by a consensus of other physicists, but by experiments coming out in a certain way. See my post about [impersonally-accountable communities](https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/questions/89561/impersonally-accountable-communities).
See also Isaac Asimov's wonderful essay, the [relativity of wrong](https://hermiene.net/essays-trans/relativity_of_wrong.html), about whether we have or have not "got the basis of the Universe straight." In brief, we may not have exactly the right answers, but the answers we do have are much *more* right than they used to be. Rightness and wrongness in science is not a black-and-white affair. If two theories were wrong, it does not mean they were *equally* wrong.
From that article:
>
> John, when people thought the Earth was flat, they were wrong. When people thought the Earth was spherical, they were wrong. But if you think that thinking the Earth is spherical is just as wrong as thinking the Earth is flat, then your view is wronger than both of them put together.
>
>
> | >
> "we are left in a position where topics of critical importance in
> medicine and environmental science can be thrown into doubt by
> opponents with political axes to grind"
>
>
>
We were going to be in that position anyway. Look at US politics on covid & climate change - nothing to do with Structuralism.
I would argue that thinkers grouped under 'postmodern thought', including structuralists, shouldn't be thought of as advocating relativism, but as advocating attention to discourse and pursuasion. Discussed here:
[Why is post-modernism so often equated to Relativism, are there any responses in postmodern philosophy that challenges this?](https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/questions/90506/why-is-post-modernism-so-often-equated-to-relativism-are-there-any-responses-in/90584#90584)
We already know social discourse has fragmented largely along partisan lines, to the extent of people living in different realities. It's not the first time it's happened, in WW2 ideology was also weaponised, and a with-us-or-against-us tribalism used to coerce people into accepting realities and narratives. Putin has been doing it in modern times.
Like aspiring to Socratic Dialogue, an adherence to scientific standards of verifying reality is a great ideal. But even there we find politics: apparently the era of tobacco-science started with scientists trying to undermine the idea of nuclear winter, because they felt it undermined US nuclear options, and the same group moved on to climate change denial. You can't just dismiss people for having bad motives, they have to be taken on not just with evidence - but also with rhetoric. We can wish society was otherwise, but we don't get to be like Socrates and ignore people with no interest in the truth, public opinion matters, and all our futures depend on it. We need the tools of observing cultural change and discourse, not simply appeals to the one reality with best evidence as modelled by science. People don't choose the best evidenced reality, they choose the most pursuasive, and that depends on evidence, but also how that is put to them.
There is an inclination in Structuralism to see in it the explanation for all human behaviour, in linguistic and cultural conditions, and that is I think over-reach, in a crucial sense.
>
> "Freedom is neither a legal invention nor a philosophical conquest,
> the cherished possession of civilizations more valid than others
> because they alone have been able to create or preserve it. It is the
> outcome of an objective relationship between the individual and the
> space he occupies, between the consumer and the resources at his
> disposal." *-Claude Lévi-Strauss, “Tristes Tropiques”, p.145*
>
>
>
On the face of it I find this hard to reconcile with the heritage of Existentialism, and Sartre's insistence that properly understood freedom cannot be taken from someone who does not give it:
>
> "no limits to my freedom can be found except freedom itself or, if you
> prefer, that we are not free to cease being free" *-Being and
> Nothingness: an essay on phenomenological ontology, 1943*
>
>
>
I would argue this denial of a deeper reality to freedom by Levi-Strauss, misses that the core purpose of philosophy since Socrates has been to unbind ourselves from the rhetoric of Sophists, by dynamically cultivating wisdom, as the capacity to act *from the centre of our own concerns* and know where that is, separate from those aiming to pursuade us without regard to our interests. That is, gaining wisdom is exactly the tool to make our own choices more freely, and not be bullied or lied into them. Of course, that 'integrated self' has many layers, and Functionalist tools can help look at them. But I think it's critical to acknowledge there is a direction of being more free in our thoughts, away from 'bullshit', pursuasion without regard to truth. And I'd go further, that science is founded on that premise, on Socratic dialogue, combined by Plato with the Pythagorean math-cult into the Academy, and academia.
Russia is experimenting again with unlimited propaganda, of the kind that led to Lysenkoist agriculture and famine, and even trying to claim that as a success. Some social structures of truth-making, succeed in their own or short terms, but at costs. We might say, they involve intelligence, but not wisdom - they don't involve acting from the integrated centre of concerns, they involve contradictions and the potential to be self-defeating. Having the bests scientists free to think, is just much more effective than propaganda. In the US the anti-climate-change-action lobby feel they are succeeding, but they will see future generations there pay a massive price for their small temporary revenues - they are not being wise.
So, I would use Structuralist ideas like Durkheim's structural-functional picture of how societies maintain their cohesion, to look at realpolitik and the dirty business of cultural discourse and social change, to try and understand how to impact the world for the better, or simply interpret how society is changing. Like, we can look at pursuasion through first finding where there is common ground or shared values, or I like Haidt's Moral Foundations theory for looking at the undrecognised (by the left) role of sanctity in maintaining social cohesion among those who feel under threat. I enjoy Zizek's use of Lacan to unsettle assumptions about our times, and sometimes helping to feel a little more sane about them.
But I would prefer to discuss with those committed to Socratic Dialogue, and to compare evidence with those trying to find the best hypothesees to account for them, because that is the wiser path, and even if the fruits of those discourses don't pursuade people now, in the long run if they truly involve acting from the integrated centre of concerns, their wisdom will speak for itself. We live in an age when many societies are becoming less wise. It is not enough to just disengage. We must seek to knock down Sophist arguments, without becoming them. We are animals, and our societies have animal-spirits, that must be understood too, by the wise. |
90,990 | Post-structuralist thought seems, to me, to be quite hard to argue with as a concept. Clearly, we understand the world through language, which both stems from culture, loading concepts with cultural meanings, and is imprecise. As such, the idea that we cannot arrive at an objective truth about the world, and could not communicate it fully even if we did, seems clear.
However, the truth of gravity, in the sense that things do not float off the surface of the earth, is also clear. Sure, explanations of why this happens have varied down the ages but it doesn't stop it from being true. And the explanation we seem to have arrived at with Einstein is accurate enough that our heavy and frequent tests of it would seem to support it.
These two things are not in immediate opposition. If I understand post-structuralism correctly (which I probably don't) there is no dispute that there *is* an objective reality, nor that science is a reasonable way of approximating it. The dispute is, rather, about the way in which science is given a privileged position as an arbiter of truth. Post-structuralism suggests the findings of science should be treated with a degree of humility.
But this in itself leads to practical problems. From a scientific point of view, we are left in a position where topics of critical importance in medicine and environmental science can be thrown into doubt by opponents with political axes to grind. From a philosophical point of view, we have a position where post-structuralism has muddied the waters to the extent that the Sokal affair can take place and some well-known philosophers, even venerated names like Lacan, can be shown to be abusing mathematical and scientific terms in the service of gibberish.
I've seen attempts to argue that the two positions are different because philosophy is at its core "qualitative" and science "quantitative". However, this strikes me as false. A counting system, for example, that only deals with estimates rather than exact quantities, cannot deal with even the most basic concepts of scientific mathematics. Yet a post-structuralist reading applies equal weight to the claim of truth for both quantitative and estimate-based systems.
Given that post-structuralism arose in the 1960s and the "science wars" were in the mid-90s I had hoped, looking into the question again now, that some kind of synthesis between these two positions could be reached, especially given that the accuracy of both seems hard to dispute. But I can't find anything recent to suggest that there is. Has philosophy found any way to reconcile these arguments? | 2022/05/03 | [
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/questions/90990",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com",
"https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/users/6520/"
] | >
> Clearly, we understand the world through language
>
>
>
If by this you mean we understand the world *only* through language, this is not clear at all. In fact, it is false, because it entirely discounts the value of nonverbal thoughts. Language is highly *useful* for understanding the world, but as they say, "a picture tells a thousand words." A map of the globe tells you more, and more clearly, than an essay describing where the countries are. Aside from pictures on paper, we think using mental pictures, with our emotions, and with our other senses: taste, hearing, smell, touch. How can you describe the smell of your grandmother's house in words? You cannot; the sensory experience is nonverbal.
Most of our brains evolved before our ancestors developed language. We share most major brain features with mice and dogs. It follows that a very large proportion of what our brains are doing to think and act effectively is not automatically verbal. And this matches with our experience.
>
> ... language, which both stems from culture, loading concepts with cultural meanings, and is imprecise. As such, the idea that we cannot arrive at an objective truth about the world,
>
>
>
There is an equivocation here, when you talk about "arriving" at objective truths. There are (at least) two things we may do with an objective truth: we may state it, and we may be certain of it. We may state an objective truth without being certain of it. Your premise supports the notion that we cannot be *certain* that what we have stated is an objective truth. But we can still state objective truths, even though we are not certain we have done so.
And even though we cannot be certain, we can reasonably be very confident in some of our statements.
For example, there is a mug of water on my desk. This is an objective truth I have stated. I am confident of it, but never certain; perhaps an evil demon is fooling my senses, or something like that. But my lack of certainty does not stop me from asserting the claim with high confidence, and I'm very probably right about it, too.
Next to address is the notion that all our knowledge is culture-bound.
It's true that most of our knowledge has some dependence on culture (with the exception of facts known through personal experience alone, such as my knowledge of the aforementioned mug of water). Science depends on culture. Politics depends on culture. Literary criticism depends on culture. But to say this alone is to neglect the *degree* to which a field of study depends on culture, compared to the degree to which it depends on external, non-cultural facts.
Different fields depend on culture to different degrees. Literary criticism and politics depend *to a great deal* on culture; *a great deal* of what is talked about has to do with what views affiliate with what faction, or what views are similar to high-status views expressed in the past. Physics, on the other hand, still does depend on culture, but external facts - collected from measuring devices - also have a strong influence on physics, much stronger than the influence of external facts upon literary criticism or politics. Physicists can be, and have been, refuted not by a consensus of other physicists, but by experiments coming out in a certain way. See my post about [impersonally-accountable communities](https://philosophy.stackexchange.com/questions/89561/impersonally-accountable-communities).
See also Isaac Asimov's wonderful essay, the [relativity of wrong](https://hermiene.net/essays-trans/relativity_of_wrong.html), about whether we have or have not "got the basis of the Universe straight." In brief, we may not have exactly the right answers, but the answers we do have are much *more* right than they used to be. Rightness and wrongness in science is not a black-and-white affair. If two theories were wrong, it does not mean they were *equally* wrong.
From that article:
>
> John, when people thought the Earth was flat, they were wrong. When people thought the Earth was spherical, they were wrong. But if you think that thinking the Earth is spherical is just as wrong as thinking the Earth is flat, then your view is wronger than both of them put together.
>
>
> | You remark, "The dispute is, rather, about the way in which science is given a privileged position as an arbiter of truth." I'll make my response short:
Science is indeed given a privileged position as an arbiter of truth *in scientific matters*- where the truth content of an assertion can be determined in ways that are sufficiently independent of the cultural context of the practitioners involved that we can justifiably label that determination as *objective*.
Regarding advocacy of attention to discourse and persuasion, it is the objective of the scientific program to engage in answering questions where the rhetorical cleverness or power position of the answerer can't make a wrong answer right. Mathematics is handy here, and postmodernist deconstruction (for example) isn't, which is one reason why for example particle accelerator laboratories do not hire postmodern deconstructivists to check the work of the experimental physics staff. |
16,869 | I mean if I check using copyscape when buying articles is it going to be fool-proof way of knowing if it was never published on internet? I understand it would not catch those articles who haven't been indexed yet by say Google (within 6 weeks or so). | 2011/07/15 | [
"https://webmasters.stackexchange.com/questions/16869",
"https://webmasters.stackexchange.com",
"https://webmasters.stackexchange.com/users/6776/"
] | Foolproof? No. But it does use Google's API so it is getting the largest set of data to compare to which is a good thing. So basically any content that is not blocked to Google's crawlers or has not been indexed yet *should* be caught with Copyscape. | Copyscape definately is one of the leaders out there although in additon you could also Google select quotes from articles of interest to see how many results come up.
For example you can copy paste something like "I highly recommend resturaunt x in NYC for high quality goods" (with the quotes) or some fairly unique phrase that you wouldn't think of randomly and gauge the results to get an additional idea.
Having a reliable source for content also is crucial. Sites like Associated Content are typically spammy articles and since they're free, it's copied quite often. Using a copywriter or going to a niche area however should provide better copy. |
49,111 | I want to replace my kitchen cabinets (shoddy DIY stuff, very rough) with some nice floating shelves.
I tried to find information on how to mount heavy stuff to wooden studs but all I found were information for what fasteners to use when mounting heavy stuff into drywall.
What kind of fasteners do I need to use if I want to mount something that will be bearing heavy loads into a wooden stud? | 2014/09/22 | [
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/49111",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/25396/"
] | The hardware needed will likely be dictated to some degree by the manner in which the shelves are supported and how much weight the shelves are being asked to support. A true floating shelf will often use a french cleat as Keshlam suggested, often in this situation an aluminum version called called a Z-clip. 
This shows the short, clip style but it's available in 8' lengths too that you would cut to the length you need.
These are easy to install and can hold some pretty extreme weights (the exact load maximums will be listed on the package or the website tech sheet) but the shelf has to be thick enough to encapsulate the thickness of the brackets plus the distance required to engage the two halves, plus some room for a lip top and bottom. Like so:
The good news is these are available in many sizes and can be found in most home centers or online for a reasonable price. The (possibly) bad news is you'll almost certainly have to make or at least modify a shelf to suit your needs. As far as hardware is concerned in general: use a good quality wood screw that gets at least 2" of bite into the shelf and on every stud that you can catch (you may have to enlarge the countersink to accept a larger screw head or drill some new holes to suit the spacing of your walls substructure) into both the shelf and the stud side. Unless your trying to support an unreasonable amount of weight you should be okay.
Of course you can always just pick up a store bought floating shelf. Most come with a lightweight keyhole style hanger (seen here)
but will still hold a fair amount (not much though). As for screws, they're often included with the kit but the same rules apply as previously discussed so if you buy a shelf package from Ikea or wherever and it comes with inch long screws or those plastic drywall anchors, do yourself a favor and go buy some real screws to mount it. | Your existing cabinets are probably mounded with screws long enough to reach through the cabinet back and the drywall, then go deep enough into the studs to support the weight.
The *right* way to mount cabinets is probably with a [French Cleat](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/French_cleat). Those can be as simple as a pair of bevel-cut boards, or can be metal brackets manufactured for the purpose. |
4,773,149 | when we write javascript in web page then other user can see that javascript and understand how the script work. i have seen few site where javascript was written in such a way user can read the script but will not be able to understand how it works. so for the security reason how can i encrypt my javascript in the page where browser can understand & render properly but any user may not be able to understand the flow. looking for your suggestion.
thanks | 2011/01/23 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/4773149",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/508127/"
] | This process is called [obfuscation](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obfuscated_code), not encryption which is not the same. It means that it makes it hard to read the code but not impossible.
There are many tools allowing you to achieve this such as:
* [YUI Compressor](http://developer.yahoo.com/yui/compressor/)
* [Google Closure Compiler](http://code.google.com/closure/compiler/) | If you use a JavaScript library but still want to obfuscate the entire code base to protect your IP, you can consider the Dojo Toolkit which is compatible with Closure Compiler's Advanced mode. Of course, you can also use the Closure Library, but in general Dojo is *much* more popular than the Closure Library (outside of Google, that is).
<http://dojo-toolkit.33424.n3.nabble.com/file/n2636749/Using_the_Dojo_Toolkit_with_the_Closure_Compiler.pdf?by-user=t>
Completely obfuscated code has exactly the same behavior as plain-text code, except that it is much smaller, runs much faster, and almost impossible to reverse-engineer, even after passing through a beautifier.
Code that is only "minified" (e.g. YUI compressor, Uglify) can be easily reverse-engineered after passing through a beautifier. |
48,422 | I was writing the other day and I used the word "ubiquitous".
While I don't think "ubiquitous" is the most egregious example of "Using Big Words To Sound Intelligent", and would be perfectly acceptable in most novels, it's just, my novel's demographic would be young teenagers, and I definitely did not know what ubiquitous meant when I was a young teenager.
Personally, when I come across an unknown word in a book, I have to take a minute to research what that word means, taking me away from the book.
On the other hand though, this could be seen as a teaching moment where I can teach young readers the meaning of new words | 2019/10/07 | [
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/questions/48422",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/users/33321/"
] | You can always put doubtful words in a **glossary** - a mini dictionary at the end of your book with definitions. | I would say the rule for clarity and conciseness, is if there is a word that isn’t so verbose, use it. If you are just trying to show off your ten dollar vocabulary to the peanut gallery, you are in the wrong theatre most teenagers in 11th grade have the reading comprehension of an 8th grader. I like the idea of the one person of adding it in as a gag and having the characters explain what the situation is though that would be hilarious. |
48,422 | I was writing the other day and I used the word "ubiquitous".
While I don't think "ubiquitous" is the most egregious example of "Using Big Words To Sound Intelligent", and would be perfectly acceptable in most novels, it's just, my novel's demographic would be young teenagers, and I definitely did not know what ubiquitous meant when I was a young teenager.
Personally, when I come across an unknown word in a book, I have to take a minute to research what that word means, taking me away from the book.
On the other hand though, this could be seen as a teaching moment where I can teach young readers the meaning of new words | 2019/10/07 | [
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/questions/48422",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/users/33321/"
] | One approach to this I encountered in the novels "A Series of Unforunate Events" by Lemony Snicket (which were definitely intended mainly for a teenage audience) is to use big words as an example to **TEACH** them.
For example, the second-to-last book is called "The Penultimate Peril". In the beginning of the book, the author (who is himself a character who narrates the story) explains what the word "penultimate" means.
This was sort of a trope that would reappear in the series, but there could other ways to explain what the words means without taking someone out of the story | Don't use a big word when a singularly unloquacious and diminutive linguistic expression will satisfactorily accomplish the contemporary necessity. |
48,422 | I was writing the other day and I used the word "ubiquitous".
While I don't think "ubiquitous" is the most egregious example of "Using Big Words To Sound Intelligent", and would be perfectly acceptable in most novels, it's just, my novel's demographic would be young teenagers, and I definitely did not know what ubiquitous meant when I was a young teenager.
Personally, when I come across an unknown word in a book, I have to take a minute to research what that word means, taking me away from the book.
On the other hand though, this could be seen as a teaching moment where I can teach young readers the meaning of new words | 2019/10/07 | [
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/questions/48422",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/users/33321/"
] | Don't use a big word when a singularly unloquacious and diminutive linguistic expression will satisfactorily accomplish the contemporary necessity. | No.
Use the words that you want/need to use.
Kids have NO idea what is or is not a big word. Kids are a blank slate. Every word is big to them. So no word is big to them.
This is why there are plenty of 4 year olds who can rattle off the scientific names of dozens of dinosaurs.
Big words are not a problem for kids. To you it is a big word. To kids it is just a word.
Use the words you want to use. And use them appropriately. |
48,422 | I was writing the other day and I used the word "ubiquitous".
While I don't think "ubiquitous" is the most egregious example of "Using Big Words To Sound Intelligent", and would be perfectly acceptable in most novels, it's just, my novel's demographic would be young teenagers, and I definitely did not know what ubiquitous meant when I was a young teenager.
Personally, when I come across an unknown word in a book, I have to take a minute to research what that word means, taking me away from the book.
On the other hand though, this could be seen as a teaching moment where I can teach young readers the meaning of new words | 2019/10/07 | [
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/questions/48422",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/users/33321/"
] | You can always put doubtful words in a **glossary** - a mini dictionary at the end of your book with definitions. | Don't use a big word when a singularly unloquacious and diminutive linguistic expression will satisfactorily accomplish the contemporary necessity. |
48,422 | I was writing the other day and I used the word "ubiquitous".
While I don't think "ubiquitous" is the most egregious example of "Using Big Words To Sound Intelligent", and would be perfectly acceptable in most novels, it's just, my novel's demographic would be young teenagers, and I definitely did not know what ubiquitous meant when I was a young teenager.
Personally, when I come across an unknown word in a book, I have to take a minute to research what that word means, taking me away from the book.
On the other hand though, this could be seen as a teaching moment where I can teach young readers the meaning of new words | 2019/10/07 | [
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/questions/48422",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/users/33321/"
] | The easiest way to do this is have a character use it, and another character (like yourself, not knowing the word at that age) ask what it means, or look it up, or otherwise figure out what it means.
You can even use this as a moment of conflict, or humor.
>
> "It's ubiquitous," Angela said.
>
>
> Kevin frowned. "What does *that* mean?"
>
>
> "It means it's everywhere."
>
>
> "Then what's wrong with saying *everywhere*?"
>
>
> "It doesn't have a Q in it, does it?" Angela said, as if this was too obvious to need to be said.
>
>
>
EDIT: @TheNovelFactory remarks: *This is okay for one word, but the book will start to sound a bit strange if you do it multiple times...*
Correct. You shouldn't tell the same joke twice. But the dynamic between Angela and Kevin in this example can be sustained and grown: Angela likes big words, Kevin doesn't -- at first.
Make it a rivalry, like a sibling competition. A short list: Kevin tries to stump her with a big word and fails. Then succeeds, but she is delighted. Then guesses a meaning wrong but sticks by his guess, exasperating her. Then guesses a meaning right, and she is impressed. Beats her to the punch in using a big word correctly, and she laughs.
I can even key a plot point off this rivalry: Angela uses an obscure word as a code only Kevin will get. she shouts it across a field knowing the enemy will hear it. She screams *"onomatopoeia, Kevin! onomatopoeia!"* What she is really doing is reminding Kevin of when **he** tried to stump **her**, and what they were talking about then, because it is crucial to her saving him. Only Kevin can figure this out, so it makes no difference if she shouts it or if the villain knows the definition. | No.
Use the words that you want/need to use.
Kids have NO idea what is or is not a big word. Kids are a blank slate. Every word is big to them. So no word is big to them.
This is why there are plenty of 4 year olds who can rattle off the scientific names of dozens of dinosaurs.
Big words are not a problem for kids. To you it is a big word. To kids it is just a word.
Use the words you want to use. And use them appropriately. |
48,422 | I was writing the other day and I used the word "ubiquitous".
While I don't think "ubiquitous" is the most egregious example of "Using Big Words To Sound Intelligent", and would be perfectly acceptable in most novels, it's just, my novel's demographic would be young teenagers, and I definitely did not know what ubiquitous meant when I was a young teenager.
Personally, when I come across an unknown word in a book, I have to take a minute to research what that word means, taking me away from the book.
On the other hand though, this could be seen as a teaching moment where I can teach young readers the meaning of new words | 2019/10/07 | [
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/questions/48422",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/users/33321/"
] | One approach to this I encountered in the novels "A Series of Unforunate Events" by Lemony Snicket (which were definitely intended mainly for a teenage audience) is to use big words as an example to **TEACH** them.
For example, the second-to-last book is called "The Penultimate Peril". In the beginning of the book, the author (who is himself a character who narrates the story) explains what the word "penultimate" means.
This was sort of a trope that would reappear in the series, but there could other ways to explain what the words means without taking someone out of the story | I would say the rule for clarity and conciseness, is if there is a word that isn’t so verbose, use it. If you are just trying to show off your ten dollar vocabulary to the peanut gallery, you are in the wrong theatre most teenagers in 11th grade have the reading comprehension of an 8th grader. I like the idea of the one person of adding it in as a gag and having the characters explain what the situation is though that would be hilarious. |
48,422 | I was writing the other day and I used the word "ubiquitous".
While I don't think "ubiquitous" is the most egregious example of "Using Big Words To Sound Intelligent", and would be perfectly acceptable in most novels, it's just, my novel's demographic would be young teenagers, and I definitely did not know what ubiquitous meant when I was a young teenager.
Personally, when I come across an unknown word in a book, I have to take a minute to research what that word means, taking me away from the book.
On the other hand though, this could be seen as a teaching moment where I can teach young readers the meaning of new words | 2019/10/07 | [
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/questions/48422",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/users/33321/"
] | Don't use a big word when a singularly unloquacious and diminutive linguistic expression will satisfactorily accomplish the contemporary necessity. | Yes. But also, it depends on how young are your audiences. Search on appropriate words for the younger ones to understand. |
48,422 | I was writing the other day and I used the word "ubiquitous".
While I don't think "ubiquitous" is the most egregious example of "Using Big Words To Sound Intelligent", and would be perfectly acceptable in most novels, it's just, my novel's demographic would be young teenagers, and I definitely did not know what ubiquitous meant when I was a young teenager.
Personally, when I come across an unknown word in a book, I have to take a minute to research what that word means, taking me away from the book.
On the other hand though, this could be seen as a teaching moment where I can teach young readers the meaning of new words | 2019/10/07 | [
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/questions/48422",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/users/33321/"
] | I think this is a really interesting question - because if we avoid using advanced vocabulary with children, then when are they supposed to learn it?
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
I think the answer is that it's a matter of quantity and proportion so the reader doesn't lose their flow or end up missing something important if they just keep reading, and also of giving the reader the chance to guess the meaning from context, so they have the opportunity to learn the word without having to look it up.
Context
-------
I remember reading a book when I was a child that introduced the word unanimous, though it did it in a very overt way, where the character was told the meaning of it, then used it to their great pride later in the story. There may have been places where they used it wrong to comedy effect, as well. I did not know the meaning of the word before, and I've never forgot it since.
Obviously that's a bit heavy handed for too many words, but you can often make the meaning clear through context, e.g.
"Three cowries?" she cried. "There's no way it's worth that much!"
Most people will understand that in this context 'cowries' means some form of currency.
If you can try to do this with advanced vocabulary in your writing for young people, there's a good chance you will be doing a great service to help them increase their vocabulary range.
Quantity / Proportion
---------------------
However, even if you just drop in a handful of 'difficult' words throughout the novel without giving any hints, I don't think it would cause any great concern to children, who, in my experience, have a great skill in filtering out things they don't understand right now and carrying on with their day.
The problem will only come if there are so many words they don't know that they end up distanced, disengaged and bored.
Readability formulas
--------------------
In case you haven't come across them, I thought I'd mention that there are quite a few estalished readability formulas, where you can analyse your text for generally accepted readability levels for different ages.
Here is one, though if other people have links to better ones, they would be very welcome:
<https://www.webfx.com/tools/read-able/> | Klippy, your intuition is correct.
Your audience comes first. It’s the reason why you write the book. It doesn’t matter who else reads it, its only important that it pleases your audience. A pleased audience then tells others about your book via word of mouth (i.e. those outside of your audience). Your audience grows and you earn authorship recognition.
It may be a great learning opportunity to learn a new 25 cent word, but that such writing belongs to a textbook author whose target audience are students, not a fiction writer whose audience seeks a moment of time where the your reader escapes reality in your story world. |
48,422 | I was writing the other day and I used the word "ubiquitous".
While I don't think "ubiquitous" is the most egregious example of "Using Big Words To Sound Intelligent", and would be perfectly acceptable in most novels, it's just, my novel's demographic would be young teenagers, and I definitely did not know what ubiquitous meant when I was a young teenager.
Personally, when I come across an unknown word in a book, I have to take a minute to research what that word means, taking me away from the book.
On the other hand though, this could be seen as a teaching moment where I can teach young readers the meaning of new words | 2019/10/07 | [
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/questions/48422",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/users/33321/"
] | One approach to this I encountered in the novels "A Series of Unforunate Events" by Lemony Snicket (which were definitely intended mainly for a teenage audience) is to use big words as an example to **TEACH** them.
For example, the second-to-last book is called "The Penultimate Peril". In the beginning of the book, the author (who is himself a character who narrates the story) explains what the word "penultimate" means.
This was sort of a trope that would reappear in the series, but there could other ways to explain what the words means without taking someone out of the story | So keep in mind that much of the English Language Literature on the market (especially modern written novels) is written at an 8th grade (US) reading level, which corresponds to about 13-14 years old. Most English courses beyond 8th grade will read some selections of English Language Classical Literature that may be centuries old and use archaic word usage and meaning that is no longer relevant (Shakespeare is quite popular as the Bard is known for clever puns that are funny if you know the slang of his time... most of which are playing off of references to genitalia. I also recall reading "Bartleby the Scrivner" by Herman Melville (more difficult than Shakespeare) and the "Rhyme of the Ancient Mariner" and "Beowulf" (mercifully not in the original old English, which is so different from the modern language that it requires a translator) and "The Tyger" by William Blake, which has some rhyming pairs that only rhyme if you use different pronunciations then the modern sound of the word (for example, there is a part in the poem where "Eye" is rhymed with "Symmetry" which did rhyme at the time Blake originally wrote the poem, but doesn't today. English is weird).
Using big word in works meant for children isn't uncommon, and in fact, many a Disney film (especially in the animated cannon) used some advanced words for a kids movie (my middle school vocabulary textbook actually made an effort to look at famous pop culture kids films for words to use in each chapter). Check some Disney films of old, and even those of today and there will be a a word or two that kids may not hear every day, but will understand with age. It's actually why adults still will watch the films as it's fun seeing the stuff they missed. Just some examples, but the Latin Chanting in "Hunchback of Notre Dame" is actually pretty important and requires not only an understanding of translation, but it's place in the Catholic Church's mass and sacraments, specifically, the Sacrament of Reconciliation (Confession) and depicts one of the aspects of the Sacrament that you don't see often on TV (namely, the confession booth is notably absent but the communal aspect of the rite is depicted in part (typically, tv shows the reverse)... and the reason for this is rather significant in understanding the Villain. A more recent example, Zootopia, makes a pretty blatant reference to "Breaking Bad" which no child will understand, and Frozen Opens with a depiction of Ice Harvesting, which was last a thing when my Grandfather was a boy.
There's also the general rule that children's literature is allowed to get away with more then what would be in the movies or tv because the depiction of violence and mature situations is all within one's own imagination rather than on a screen and thus the kids will "see" what they are comfortable with imagining. |
48,422 | I was writing the other day and I used the word "ubiquitous".
While I don't think "ubiquitous" is the most egregious example of "Using Big Words To Sound Intelligent", and would be perfectly acceptable in most novels, it's just, my novel's demographic would be young teenagers, and I definitely did not know what ubiquitous meant when I was a young teenager.
Personally, when I come across an unknown word in a book, I have to take a minute to research what that word means, taking me away from the book.
On the other hand though, this could be seen as a teaching moment where I can teach young readers the meaning of new words | 2019/10/07 | [
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/questions/48422",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com",
"https://writers.stackexchange.com/users/33321/"
] | You can always put doubtful words in a **glossary** - a mini dictionary at the end of your book with definitions. | Klippy, your intuition is correct.
Your audience comes first. It’s the reason why you write the book. It doesn’t matter who else reads it, its only important that it pleases your audience. A pleased audience then tells others about your book via word of mouth (i.e. those outside of your audience). Your audience grows and you earn authorship recognition.
It may be a great learning opportunity to learn a new 25 cent word, but that such writing belongs to a textbook author whose target audience are students, not a fiction writer whose audience seeks a moment of time where the your reader escapes reality in your story world. |
107,577 | I'm reaching a point where my clients are demanding robust hosting, but I have little experience of what to offer. I've always dealt with shared hosts like Hostgator, but now that I'm building more service-based sites and mission-critical sites like ecommerce sites, I'm realising that shared just doesn't cut the mustard.
Moreoever, I'm developing a website for selling library music online, so I need to know what my options are / should be for hosting on a solid platform.
I've read the information here:
<http://codex.wordpress.org/High_Traffic_Tips_For_WordPress>
And I'll try WP Super Cache on my music site (which is currently on Hostgator's shared hosting) and I believe the speed of my MySQL queries are probably going to be the real strain on the server and affect speed for anyone searching for music. So my question is what I'd need for sites where the traffic could potentially hit around 5-10,000 hits per day (I know that might seem high, I'm just trying to get an idea).
From what I've seen, VPSs and dedicated servers are a lot of work to maintain (for this music site, I have limited resources) so I'm thinking cloud-based scaleable hosting might be the way?
If anyone can suggest how I might prepare for high-traffic scenarios in the most economical way, I'd be highly appreciative.
Many thanks
Osu | 2013/07/23 | [
"https://wordpress.stackexchange.com/questions/107577",
"https://wordpress.stackexchange.com",
"https://wordpress.stackexchange.com/users/2685/"
] | I highly recommend Amazon AWS. You can continue to use WP Super Cache with Amazon S3 (for storage of your static files such as images etc).
For high traffic scenarios, you can set up auto scaling rules of EC2 server instances to set up new servers as needed (and cut them when not needed).
This is the best tute I've found on installing WP on EC2:
<http://iampuneet.com/wordpress-amazon-ec2/> | Implement a multi-level caching strategy with HTML, CSS, JavaScript, PHP, & MySQL processes under optimization. At the CMS level install a plugin like WP Smush It or EWWW Image Optimizer for better image compression. For CSS/JavaScript compression & WordPress HTML page caching, install one or more of these plugins:
* **WordPress Caching Plugins:** WP Rocket , W3 Total Cache, WP Super Minify, Autoptimize, Better WordPress Minify, Breeze, WP Fastest Cache, & Fast Velocity Minify
At the web server level, implement Memcached, Opcache, & APC caching strategies for PHP & MySQL functions. Consider NGINX, Redis, & Varnish Cache solutions for the best web server performance hosting WordPress websites. |
28,024 | In my case, I am planning to design how a website looks; I am a bit of a newbie. I'd love to learn :)
Are there any books that I can refer to? | 2014/03/06 | [
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/questions/28024",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/users/20460/"
] | The world of design is still stuck in an era where designers are seen as people who have 'divine inspiration' and come up with ideas out of the blue. However, in fact it is the opposite- designers get inspiration from working with people, trying things, doing research, understanding better the client and context. Its common sense stuff really. If you don't consider fully what it is you are trying to make from the perspective of how it will go on working in the world after you finish it then you might end up making something that is a pain in the ass for others. | I'm also a newbie in web design.. but I have one good advice for you.. search and search and look for the best website designs in the world, that will rich your creativity and is a very good way for inspiration.. It's totally fine for your first website to be a mixture of a few ideas which you already saw in other websites.. later on you will be able to create your own method and own style.. Good luck :)
**P.S:** Here's one cool inspirational website I like, hope you find it useful
<http://coolhomepages.com/> |
28,024 | In my case, I am planning to design how a website looks; I am a bit of a newbie. I'd love to learn :)
Are there any books that I can refer to? | 2014/03/06 | [
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/questions/28024",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/users/20460/"
] | So for something like website design, the first step is research which has two main sides to it: understanding **the purpose of the design**, and **understanding the client** and/or the brief. The first is the most important for the site being a success. The last is most important for making sure you get paid!
For **the purpose**, it comes down to two main aspects:
* **Usability and architecture.** This might be someone else's job. If not, it's a matter of working out what the key goals and routes through the site are. Find out the range of audiences for the site, and what these people want. Then, your design should be tailored around making these clear, easy, intuitive and obvious.
* **Branding.** The site should get across the brand personality of the client. They might already have a clear visual brand, in which case, study that, study their competitors, understand how they want this site to be seen, make **mood boards**, and come up with ideas. If they don't, and creating a visual brand is part of the job, that's a whole separate question (also, bill accordingly!).
For **the client**, there might be an account manager who's in charge of making you understand the client's needs and making the client understand why your designs are a good idea.
If there isn't, this comes down to people skills. Ask questions, get them to show you examples of what they like *and have them explain why they like it*, and get lots of feedback at every step. No matter how small the job, get **a proper brief written up and signed** (you'll probably need to help them write this up unless they've got an experienced design account manager), and a contract which gives you room to charge more if they go against the agreed brief and change their mind about what they want mid-project. Make sure they understand that idea development is as much a part of the work as the final finished product.
Your ability to get them to sign off a design (and then sign off your cheque) will depend on how well you understand what they want, so really get inside their head.
---
When you've done this, you should have a crystal clear idea of what you're doing and why, and ideas should come naturally. Develop several ideas - don't just go with the first one you like, compete with yourself trying to beat your last favourite idea. Test often, and get other people's feedback often (*especially* from the client).
Also, keep in mind this classic diagram of the creative process from Daniel Newman:
Finishing *making* the thing is the easy bit. | I'm also a newbie in web design.. but I have one good advice for you.. search and search and look for the best website designs in the world, that will rich your creativity and is a very good way for inspiration.. It's totally fine for your first website to be a mixture of a few ideas which you already saw in other websites.. later on you will be able to create your own method and own style.. Good luck :)
**P.S:** Here's one cool inspirational website I like, hope you find it useful
<http://coolhomepages.com/> |
28,024 | In my case, I am planning to design how a website looks; I am a bit of a newbie. I'd love to learn :)
Are there any books that I can refer to? | 2014/03/06 | [
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/questions/28024",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com",
"https://graphicdesign.stackexchange.com/users/20460/"
] | Design basically boils down to this:
1. Who is my target audience?
2. What is the goal of my website?
3. How can I use colors, typography, and graphics to cater to #1 and satisfy #2?
For beginners, I would recommend these books to get started:
**[Dont make me think, revisited](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/0321965515)**
This will teach you the basics of UX patterns when structuring your website, which is vital for creating good *experiences* when browsing your site
**[Notes on Graphic Design and Visual Communication](http://rads.stackoverflow.com/amzn/click/1560520442)**
A very short read, but this will teach you the basics of what makes *good visual design* - loose rules for colors, contrast, gestalt shapes, spacing, etc. It was printed back in the day and intended for print design, but I think the rules can still be applied to the web
**Graphic Design Thinking**
www.amazon.com/Graphic-Design-Thinking-Briefs/dp/1568989792/ref=sr\_1\_1?s=books&ie=UTF8&qid=1394138531&sr=1-1&keywords=Graphic%20Design%20Thinking
If you want to move beyond designing a website *theme* and towards designing a *brand* for a company (which includes their website), you might want to learn brainstorming techniques such as mind mapping, brand matrixes, the use of visual metaphors, and tying it all back together to create a consistent and holistic *brand experience* (though this is merely a starting point, it is much more complicated than this).
In addition, there are a TON of online resources to guide you towards the right direction:
**Under Consideration**
www.underconsideration.com/brandnew/
A favorite for designers to review and discuss recent rebranding efforts for companies, big and small
**Dribbble**
More of a resource for icon creation, which is a small part of web design (but a very important visual one)
**A List Apart**
www.alistapart.com/topics
Covers just about everything you want to know about web design
**52 Weeks of UX**
www.52weeksofux.com/
Self explanatory
**Typecast**
www.typecast.com/
The typeface you use in photoshop/illustrator/whatever program will not be the same as what you see online. This website eliminates that confusion | I'm also a newbie in web design.. but I have one good advice for you.. search and search and look for the best website designs in the world, that will rich your creativity and is a very good way for inspiration.. It's totally fine for your first website to be a mixture of a few ideas which you already saw in other websites.. later on you will be able to create your own method and own style.. Good luck :)
**P.S:** Here's one cool inspirational website I like, hope you find it useful
<http://coolhomepages.com/> |
122,337 | The volume on my macbook pro has suddenly become greyed out. I haven't installed any updates or made any modifications to the computer, it just suddenly became greyed out after waking the macbook up from sleeping.
I've tried resetting the PRAM, but I don't hear any chime at all when I start up my computer, no matter how long I wait/how many times the computer re-restarts itself.
There also seem to be no internal speakers detected when I go into system preferences. For both input and output the computer detects 0 devices.
Thanks so much in advance for any help!! | 2014/02/26 | [
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/122337",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/users/71479/"
] | Try switching back to your internal speakers with [alt]-clicking on the speaker icon in menubar. Many interfaces don't support volume adjustment and thus the control becomes greyed out.
 | I had no output from speakers, or headphones. And the System Preferences - Volume was greyed out.
I tried everything up to including a PRAM reset and nothing worked.
Took it to the company tech and after awhile he figured out what was wrong.
The inner head phone jack was dirty. He cleaned it with a qtip or a special computer cleaning device. Apparently there’s a internal sensor in the jack that will prevent the internal output from functioning if it’s to dirty. It’s not like a dropped the computer in a dirty pond. I would have never figured that out.
Anyways, that’s what fixed it for me with the same symptoms as listed. |
122,337 | The volume on my macbook pro has suddenly become greyed out. I haven't installed any updates or made any modifications to the computer, it just suddenly became greyed out after waking the macbook up from sleeping.
I've tried resetting the PRAM, but I don't hear any chime at all when I start up my computer, no matter how long I wait/how many times the computer re-restarts itself.
There also seem to be no internal speakers detected when I go into system preferences. For both input and output the computer detects 0 devices.
Thanks so much in advance for any help!! | 2014/02/26 | [
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/122337",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/users/71479/"
] | The switch in the headphone input could be stuck, you can put in a headphone jack and wiggle it around.
Don't be afraid to use a little force, just don't break of the plug.
I had this problem too and this solved it for me at least. | Try picking up some [compressed air](http://www.mcmelectronics.com/product/CHEMTRONICS-ES1027-/20-4468) and using it to blow out any dust or debris that might be in the headphone jack. Make sure to first expel any liquid build (white frost-like substance) before you spray in the headphone jack.
You can also try fishing around in there (gently) with a ridiculously small [flathead screwdriver](http://www.mcmelectronics.com/product/26101).
One question for you, is there a red light coming out of the headphone jack? That's usually a bad sign that the audio jack thinks there's an optical audio device plugged in (permanently.) If you're MacBook is under warranty the Genius Bar will replace the Main Logic Board for free (or about $300 if it is Out of Warranty.)
Otherwise, the simple and inexpensive [Griffin iMic](http://store.griffintechnology.com/catalog/product/view/id/623/s/imic/) will provide USB audio input & output. |
122,337 | The volume on my macbook pro has suddenly become greyed out. I haven't installed any updates or made any modifications to the computer, it just suddenly became greyed out after waking the macbook up from sleeping.
I've tried resetting the PRAM, but I don't hear any chime at all when I start up my computer, no matter how long I wait/how many times the computer re-restarts itself.
There also seem to be no internal speakers detected when I go into system preferences. For both input and output the computer detects 0 devices.
Thanks so much in advance for any help!! | 2014/02/26 | [
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/122337",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/users/71479/"
] | Try picking up some [compressed air](http://www.mcmelectronics.com/product/CHEMTRONICS-ES1027-/20-4468) and using it to blow out any dust or debris that might be in the headphone jack. Make sure to first expel any liquid build (white frost-like substance) before you spray in the headphone jack.
You can also try fishing around in there (gently) with a ridiculously small [flathead screwdriver](http://www.mcmelectronics.com/product/26101).
One question for you, is there a red light coming out of the headphone jack? That's usually a bad sign that the audio jack thinks there's an optical audio device plugged in (permanently.) If you're MacBook is under warranty the Genius Bar will replace the Main Logic Board for free (or about $300 if it is Out of Warranty.)
Otherwise, the simple and inexpensive [Griffin iMic](http://store.griffintechnology.com/catalog/product/view/id/623/s/imic/) will provide USB audio input & output. | I have had the same problem twice. And what I did was (for the first time[i am listing two so there are more possibilities])
1st. restart my laptop. I know that it sounds cliche. But it works most of the time.
2nd. If all else fails. Try playing with the volume buttons on the keyboard. And this one sounds silly but it helps. Try the second one and then restart your laptop. That is what I did. |
122,337 | The volume on my macbook pro has suddenly become greyed out. I haven't installed any updates or made any modifications to the computer, it just suddenly became greyed out after waking the macbook up from sleeping.
I've tried resetting the PRAM, but I don't hear any chime at all when I start up my computer, no matter how long I wait/how many times the computer re-restarts itself.
There also seem to be no internal speakers detected when I go into system preferences. For both input and output the computer detects 0 devices.
Thanks so much in advance for any help!! | 2014/02/26 | [
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/122337",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/users/71479/"
] | I had no output from speakers, or headphones. And the System Preferences - Volume was greyed out.
I tried everything up to including a PRAM reset and nothing worked.
Took it to the company tech and after awhile he figured out what was wrong.
The inner head phone jack was dirty. He cleaned it with a qtip or a special computer cleaning device. Apparently there’s a internal sensor in the jack that will prevent the internal output from functioning if it’s to dirty. It’s not like a dropped the computer in a dirty pond. I would have never figured that out.
Anyways, that’s what fixed it for me with the same symptoms as listed. | I had this same problem with my MacBook Pro, and used the technique described by dennismuys. I inserted and removed my headphone plug about a dozen times, and the internal speakers started working again. I have no idea what could possibly have gotten in the jack to keep the switch from closing. Lint maybe. |
122,337 | The volume on my macbook pro has suddenly become greyed out. I haven't installed any updates or made any modifications to the computer, it just suddenly became greyed out after waking the macbook up from sleeping.
I've tried resetting the PRAM, but I don't hear any chime at all when I start up my computer, no matter how long I wait/how many times the computer re-restarts itself.
There also seem to be no internal speakers detected when I go into system preferences. For both input and output the computer detects 0 devices.
Thanks so much in advance for any help!! | 2014/02/26 | [
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/122337",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/users/71479/"
] | Try switching back to your internal speakers with [alt]-clicking on the speaker icon in menubar. Many interfaces don't support volume adjustment and thus the control becomes greyed out.
 | I just blew into the headphone jack - problem solved! |
122,337 | The volume on my macbook pro has suddenly become greyed out. I haven't installed any updates or made any modifications to the computer, it just suddenly became greyed out after waking the macbook up from sleeping.
I've tried resetting the PRAM, but I don't hear any chime at all when I start up my computer, no matter how long I wait/how many times the computer re-restarts itself.
There also seem to be no internal speakers detected when I go into system preferences. For both input and output the computer detects 0 devices.
Thanks so much in advance for any help!! | 2014/02/26 | [
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/122337",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/users/71479/"
] | Try switching back to your internal speakers with [alt]-clicking on the speaker icon in menubar. Many interfaces don't support volume adjustment and thus the control becomes greyed out.
 | I have had the same problem twice. And what I did was (for the first time[i am listing two so there are more possibilities])
1st. restart my laptop. I know that it sounds cliche. But it works most of the time.
2nd. If all else fails. Try playing with the volume buttons on the keyboard. And this one sounds silly but it helps. Try the second one and then restart your laptop. That is what I did. |
122,337 | The volume on my macbook pro has suddenly become greyed out. I haven't installed any updates or made any modifications to the computer, it just suddenly became greyed out after waking the macbook up from sleeping.
I've tried resetting the PRAM, but I don't hear any chime at all when I start up my computer, no matter how long I wait/how many times the computer re-restarts itself.
There also seem to be no internal speakers detected when I go into system preferences. For both input and output the computer detects 0 devices.
Thanks so much in advance for any help!! | 2014/02/26 | [
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/122337",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/users/71479/"
] | Try switching back to your internal speakers with [alt]-clicking on the speaker icon in menubar. Many interfaces don't support volume adjustment and thus the control becomes greyed out.
 | I just had this same problem. I didn't realise straight away but it must have happened after taking out my headphones. I accidentally solved it by doing the following:
1. Make sure your headphones are plugged in and sound is working.
2. Alt-click the speaker icon at the top of the screen, then click on 'Sound Preferences'.
3. On the sound preferences screen, unplug your headphones. |
122,337 | The volume on my macbook pro has suddenly become greyed out. I haven't installed any updates or made any modifications to the computer, it just suddenly became greyed out after waking the macbook up from sleeping.
I've tried resetting the PRAM, but I don't hear any chime at all when I start up my computer, no matter how long I wait/how many times the computer re-restarts itself.
There also seem to be no internal speakers detected when I go into system preferences. For both input and output the computer detects 0 devices.
Thanks so much in advance for any help!! | 2014/02/26 | [
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/122337",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/users/71479/"
] | Try switching back to your internal speakers with [alt]-clicking on the speaker icon in menubar. Many interfaces don't support volume adjustment and thus the control becomes greyed out.
 | Try picking up some [compressed air](http://www.mcmelectronics.com/product/CHEMTRONICS-ES1027-/20-4468) and using it to blow out any dust or debris that might be in the headphone jack. Make sure to first expel any liquid build (white frost-like substance) before you spray in the headphone jack.
You can also try fishing around in there (gently) with a ridiculously small [flathead screwdriver](http://www.mcmelectronics.com/product/26101).
One question for you, is there a red light coming out of the headphone jack? That's usually a bad sign that the audio jack thinks there's an optical audio device plugged in (permanently.) If you're MacBook is under warranty the Genius Bar will replace the Main Logic Board for free (or about $300 if it is Out of Warranty.)
Otherwise, the simple and inexpensive [Griffin iMic](http://store.griffintechnology.com/catalog/product/view/id/623/s/imic/) will provide USB audio input & output. |
122,337 | The volume on my macbook pro has suddenly become greyed out. I haven't installed any updates or made any modifications to the computer, it just suddenly became greyed out after waking the macbook up from sleeping.
I've tried resetting the PRAM, but I don't hear any chime at all when I start up my computer, no matter how long I wait/how many times the computer re-restarts itself.
There also seem to be no internal speakers detected when I go into system preferences. For both input and output the computer detects 0 devices.
Thanks so much in advance for any help!! | 2014/02/26 | [
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/122337",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/users/71479/"
] | The switch in the headphone input could be stuck, you can put in a headphone jack and wiggle it around.
Don't be afraid to use a little force, just don't break of the plug.
I had this problem too and this solved it for me at least. | I have had the same problem twice. And what I did was (for the first time[i am listing two so there are more possibilities])
1st. restart my laptop. I know that it sounds cliche. But it works most of the time.
2nd. If all else fails. Try playing with the volume buttons on the keyboard. And this one sounds silly but it helps. Try the second one and then restart your laptop. That is what I did. |
122,337 | The volume on my macbook pro has suddenly become greyed out. I haven't installed any updates or made any modifications to the computer, it just suddenly became greyed out after waking the macbook up from sleeping.
I've tried resetting the PRAM, but I don't hear any chime at all when I start up my computer, no matter how long I wait/how many times the computer re-restarts itself.
There also seem to be no internal speakers detected when I go into system preferences. For both input and output the computer detects 0 devices.
Thanks so much in advance for any help!! | 2014/02/26 | [
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/122337",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com",
"https://apple.stackexchange.com/users/71479/"
] | Try switching back to your internal speakers with [alt]-clicking on the speaker icon in menubar. Many interfaces don't support volume adjustment and thus the control becomes greyed out.
 | I had this same problem with my MacBook Pro, and used the technique described by dennismuys. I inserted and removed my headphone plug about a dozen times, and the internal speakers started working again. I have no idea what could possibly have gotten in the jack to keep the switch from closing. Lint maybe. |
150,073 | >
> **Possible Duplicate:**
>
> [List of all badges with full descriptions](https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/67397/list-of-all-badges-with-full-descriptions)
>
>
>
I want to know what "Raised 80 helpful flags" means. Should I flag 80 comments, or what? | 2012/10/11 | [
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/questions/150073",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://meta.stackexchange.com/users/198138/"
] | It means that at least 80 flags you raised were deemed helpful by the moderator(s) that handled them. There are some instances where a flag is automatically deemed helpful, for example if you flag a question as Off Topic and then a 3K+ user votes to close it as such.
Since you brought this up in the context of the deputy badge, you should keep in mind that flags are (mostly) handled by moderators, and if you go around mindlessly flagging just to get a badge, you may get in trouble.
As for the side question on whether comment flags count towards the deputy badge, well here's my flagging history on The Workplace:
Obviously I couldn't have gotten the badge if comment flags didn't count, but [here it is](https://workplace.stackexchange.com/badges/70/deputy). ;) | Flags aren't meant only for comments. You can flag questions,answers,users(who does nasty things like voting fraud) and also comments. Those flags are only counted when they are *helpful*. A moderator should approve that those flags helped in some way!
 |
1,013,014 | I'm learning about [DNS amplification attacks](https://www.incapsula.com/ddos/attack-glossary/dns-amplification.html). The idea is an attacker can send a small message (the request to the DNS server) and have it send a huge message to the spoofed ip address. What is in the message of a DNS response that makes it so big? I thought it would just be the ip address associated with the host name (as isn't that the entire job of DNS)? | 2015/12/14 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/1013014",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/137864/"
] | A DNS response can contain much more than a single IP address. For a request of type A (asking for IP addresses associated with a hostname) you can already have multiple IPs, so if you find a host that's served by a lot of IPs, the response can already be larger than the request.
But DNS can store a lot of other fields. DNSSEC signs the DNS responses, which thus adds a signature and all key material necessary to verify that signature. DNS can also store TXT fields, which can contain any text you want, SSHFP fields which contain the ssh fingerprints of the server's keys. I won't list all the fields, Wikipedia maintains a [list](https://en.m.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_DNS_record_types). Using an ANY request, you can request all of those fields at once, so the response can be quite large. | Already really well answered on the securtity stack.
>
> To amplify a DNS attack, each DNS request can be sent using the EDNS0 DNS protocol extension, which allows for large DNS messages, or using the cryptographic feature of the DNS security extension (DNSSEC) to increase message size. Spoofed queries of the type “ANY,” which returns all known information about a DNS zone in a single request, can also be used.
>
>
>
[Source](https://security.stackexchange.com/a/94270)
That "ANY" argument is what makes this type of attack useful to nefarious actors, it means that for every 1 byte you send the target receives about 6-8 bytes. This transforms a 100Mb attacker into an 800Mb attacker.
Not strictly relevant but its worth noting that a similar attack using NTP can produce an 600+X amplification factor, much more dangerous than 8X. |
533,037 | Is there a way or a program that marks the icon of a file with a badge, similar to how Dropbox marks synced files with a green checkmark, and files that are currently syncing blue?
I'd use that to mark videos I've watched in a series. | 2013/01/12 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/533037",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/187417/"
] | I couldn't find a better solution, so I've created an open-source project for that. Available at <https://github.com/csomakk/IWatchSeriez>
Its nothing special yet, but it does the trick, and I'll try to work more on it. I Watch Seriez, IWatchSeriez :)
 | You can try something like [**UserInfoTip**](http://www.akslab.com):
>
> * Select some files or folders, assign icons for them, and add a description to be displayed in Explorer's popup windows.
> * You can easily notice the marked files among other files and recognize their types by the icons.
>
>
>
---
Of course, nothing prevents you from [creating an Icon Overlay Handler](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc144123%28VS.85%29.aspx) of your own. You can get started by using [TortoiseSVN](http://tortoisesvn.tigris.org/ExplorerIntegration.html)'s [code](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/843506/shell-icon-overlay-c), but remember that there's [a 15 overlay limit](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4411336/shelliconoverlayidentifiers-why-so-few) (which will get exhausted in no time if multiple programs attempt to set overlays), and icon overlays are not even recommended by people such as Raymond Chen. |
533,037 | Is there a way or a program that marks the icon of a file with a badge, similar to how Dropbox marks synced files with a green checkmark, and files that are currently syncing blue?
I'd use that to mark videos I've watched in a series. | 2013/01/12 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/533037",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/187417/"
] | You can try something like [**UserInfoTip**](http://www.akslab.com):
>
> * Select some files or folders, assign icons for them, and add a description to be displayed in Explorer's popup windows.
> * You can easily notice the marked files among other files and recognize their types by the icons.
>
>
>
---
Of course, nothing prevents you from [creating an Icon Overlay Handler](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc144123%28VS.85%29.aspx) of your own. You can get started by using [TortoiseSVN](http://tortoisesvn.tigris.org/ExplorerIntegration.html)'s [code](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/843506/shell-icon-overlay-c), but remember that there's [a 15 overlay limit](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4411336/shelliconoverlayidentifiers-why-so-few) (which will get exhausted in no time if multiple programs attempt to set overlays), and icon overlays are not even recommended by people such as Raymond Chen. | You can use Rating in Windows Explorer as work around. Mark \* as read.
From File's Properties, it allows me to do file Rating from (zero star ~ 5 stars). Since I'm not using the rating feature to really rate a file, instead I use it for the purpose of marking it as a read file, no matter what file type it was. I also can sort out those read vs. unread files if I want. |
533,037 | Is there a way or a program that marks the icon of a file with a badge, similar to how Dropbox marks synced files with a green checkmark, and files that are currently syncing blue?
I'd use that to mark videos I've watched in a series. | 2013/01/12 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/533037",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/187417/"
] | You can try something like [**UserInfoTip**](http://www.akslab.com):
>
> * Select some files or folders, assign icons for them, and add a description to be displayed in Explorer's popup windows.
> * You can easily notice the marked files among other files and recognize their types by the icons.
>
>
>
---
Of course, nothing prevents you from [creating an Icon Overlay Handler](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc144123%28VS.85%29.aspx) of your own. You can get started by using [TortoiseSVN](http://tortoisesvn.tigris.org/ExplorerIntegration.html)'s [code](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/843506/shell-icon-overlay-c), but remember that there's [a 15 overlay limit](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4411336/shelliconoverlayidentifiers-why-so-few) (which will get exhausted in no time if multiple programs attempt to set overlays), and icon overlays are not even recommended by people such as Raymond Chen. | I was searching for a similar solution when I found this thread. I figured out a fairly simple way to achieve what you're looking to do (at least in this particular case.) Maybe it will help others that happen upon this.
If you have the appropriate permissions, you can view "Hidden" files in Windows. They show up as grayed/semi-transparent icons/thumbnails of the original.
First, be sure that you're able to see Hidden Files.
---
1. Open Folder Options by clicking the Start button , clicking Control Panel, clicking Appearance and Personalization, and then clicking Folder Options.
2. Click the View tab.
3. Under Advanced settings, click Show hidden files and folders, and then click OK.
---
Now all you need to do is right click each episode after viewing it, go to Properties, and check the "Hidden" box. It will remain there but grayed out, allowing you to keep your place!
Cheers! |
533,037 | Is there a way or a program that marks the icon of a file with a badge, similar to how Dropbox marks synced files with a green checkmark, and files that are currently syncing blue?
I'd use that to mark videos I've watched in a series. | 2013/01/12 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/533037",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/187417/"
] | You can try something like [**UserInfoTip**](http://www.akslab.com):
>
> * Select some files or folders, assign icons for them, and add a description to be displayed in Explorer's popup windows.
> * You can easily notice the marked files among other files and recognize their types by the icons.
>
>
>
---
Of course, nothing prevents you from [creating an Icon Overlay Handler](http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/cc144123%28VS.85%29.aspx) of your own. You can get started by using [TortoiseSVN](http://tortoisesvn.tigris.org/ExplorerIntegration.html)'s [code](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/843506/shell-icon-overlay-c), but remember that there's [a 15 overlay limit](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4411336/shelliconoverlayidentifiers-why-so-few) (which will get exhausted in no time if multiple programs attempt to set overlays), and icon overlays are not even recommended by people such as Raymond Chen. | [See this image](https://i.stack.imgur.com/u7AqA.png)
Click, show the hidden files from the folder options and hide the file you already viewed. Since you enabled to show the hidden files from the folder options windows will show the hidden files by blurring it. This way you can mark the viewed files See the photo attached that the DNA and RNA file is blurred. |
533,037 | Is there a way or a program that marks the icon of a file with a badge, similar to how Dropbox marks synced files with a green checkmark, and files that are currently syncing blue?
I'd use that to mark videos I've watched in a series. | 2013/01/12 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/533037",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/187417/"
] | I couldn't find a better solution, so I've created an open-source project for that. Available at <https://github.com/csomakk/IWatchSeriez>
Its nothing special yet, but it does the trick, and I'll try to work more on it. I Watch Seriez, IWatchSeriez :)
 | You can use Rating in Windows Explorer as work around. Mark \* as read.
From File's Properties, it allows me to do file Rating from (zero star ~ 5 stars). Since I'm not using the rating feature to really rate a file, instead I use it for the purpose of marking it as a read file, no matter what file type it was. I also can sort out those read vs. unread files if I want. |
533,037 | Is there a way or a program that marks the icon of a file with a badge, similar to how Dropbox marks synced files with a green checkmark, and files that are currently syncing blue?
I'd use that to mark videos I've watched in a series. | 2013/01/12 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/533037",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/187417/"
] | I couldn't find a better solution, so I've created an open-source project for that. Available at <https://github.com/csomakk/IWatchSeriez>
Its nothing special yet, but it does the trick, and I'll try to work more on it. I Watch Seriez, IWatchSeriez :)
 | I was searching for a similar solution when I found this thread. I figured out a fairly simple way to achieve what you're looking to do (at least in this particular case.) Maybe it will help others that happen upon this.
If you have the appropriate permissions, you can view "Hidden" files in Windows. They show up as grayed/semi-transparent icons/thumbnails of the original.
First, be sure that you're able to see Hidden Files.
---
1. Open Folder Options by clicking the Start button , clicking Control Panel, clicking Appearance and Personalization, and then clicking Folder Options.
2. Click the View tab.
3. Under Advanced settings, click Show hidden files and folders, and then click OK.
---
Now all you need to do is right click each episode after viewing it, go to Properties, and check the "Hidden" box. It will remain there but grayed out, allowing you to keep your place!
Cheers! |
533,037 | Is there a way or a program that marks the icon of a file with a badge, similar to how Dropbox marks synced files with a green checkmark, and files that are currently syncing blue?
I'd use that to mark videos I've watched in a series. | 2013/01/12 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/533037",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/187417/"
] | I couldn't find a better solution, so I've created an open-source project for that. Available at <https://github.com/csomakk/IWatchSeriez>
Its nothing special yet, but it does the trick, and I'll try to work more on it. I Watch Seriez, IWatchSeriez :)
 | [See this image](https://i.stack.imgur.com/u7AqA.png)
Click, show the hidden files from the folder options and hide the file you already viewed. Since you enabled to show the hidden files from the folder options windows will show the hidden files by blurring it. This way you can mark the viewed files See the photo attached that the DNA and RNA file is blurred. |
533,037 | Is there a way or a program that marks the icon of a file with a badge, similar to how Dropbox marks synced files with a green checkmark, and files that are currently syncing blue?
I'd use that to mark videos I've watched in a series. | 2013/01/12 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/533037",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/187417/"
] | You can use Rating in Windows Explorer as work around. Mark \* as read.
From File's Properties, it allows me to do file Rating from (zero star ~ 5 stars). Since I'm not using the rating feature to really rate a file, instead I use it for the purpose of marking it as a read file, no matter what file type it was. I also can sort out those read vs. unread files if I want. | [See this image](https://i.stack.imgur.com/u7AqA.png)
Click, show the hidden files from the folder options and hide the file you already viewed. Since you enabled to show the hidden files from the folder options windows will show the hidden files by blurring it. This way you can mark the viewed files See the photo attached that the DNA and RNA file is blurred. |
533,037 | Is there a way or a program that marks the icon of a file with a badge, similar to how Dropbox marks synced files with a green checkmark, and files that are currently syncing blue?
I'd use that to mark videos I've watched in a series. | 2013/01/12 | [
"https://superuser.com/questions/533037",
"https://superuser.com",
"https://superuser.com/users/187417/"
] | I was searching for a similar solution when I found this thread. I figured out a fairly simple way to achieve what you're looking to do (at least in this particular case.) Maybe it will help others that happen upon this.
If you have the appropriate permissions, you can view "Hidden" files in Windows. They show up as grayed/semi-transparent icons/thumbnails of the original.
First, be sure that you're able to see Hidden Files.
---
1. Open Folder Options by clicking the Start button , clicking Control Panel, clicking Appearance and Personalization, and then clicking Folder Options.
2. Click the View tab.
3. Under Advanced settings, click Show hidden files and folders, and then click OK.
---
Now all you need to do is right click each episode after viewing it, go to Properties, and check the "Hidden" box. It will remain there but grayed out, allowing you to keep your place!
Cheers! | [See this image](https://i.stack.imgur.com/u7AqA.png)
Click, show the hidden files from the folder options and hide the file you already viewed. Since you enabled to show the hidden files from the folder options windows will show the hidden files by blurring it. This way you can mark the viewed files See the photo attached that the DNA and RNA file is blurred. |
22,338 | inner conversation of mind has reduced now.after a period of had stopped during meditation.is it due to Samadhi which achieved?And what is personality view? | 2017/08/29 | [
"https://buddhism.stackexchange.com/questions/22338",
"https://buddhism.stackexchange.com",
"https://buddhism.stackexchange.com/users/11976/"
] | Inner conversation will greatly decrease in the second jhana, I'm happy you have experienced this. Yes, this is a development of Samadhi and you are on the right track. A lack of personality view basically speaking, means that you know deeply within yourself that you are simply body, feeling, mental formation, consciousness and perception. That's all, no matter how hard you look that's all you can find. and that's fine. The more developed Samadhi becomes the more the concept of personality fades. It must fade for Samadhi to arise. Keep in mind that until fully awakened you will still have a concept of personality, you need one to survive, however and any time you can turn inwards and try to look for the self or personality and find nothing, it is a very pleasant and peaceful feeling. In that moment you understand that you are everything and nothing simulatiously and nothing can touch you. The fully awakened arahant would reside continuously in this nothingness of self which would, unless he/she retreated to a forest for the lifetime, would find existing in society quite difficult. This is the final fetter of conceit the Buddha talks about. Furthermore, when one understands how personality and personality traits occur one understands them as impermanent, unsatisfactory and not self. Additionally, this is underscored and affirmed by recollecting past lives and seeing how much of a different person you were depending on different circumstances, this helps you to let go of attachment to the personality traits you have. Everything changes. | Personality view is seen things as internal (five aggregate) and external (five aggregate).
You perceive internal as I,me and myself and external as not me, not mine and not myself. |
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