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3,349 | Anyone know of any good resources for cooking recipes/methods/tools for people with a medical condition that causes chronic fatigue? I'm relying too much on convenience foods and 'tv dinners', because frequently the effort of cooking a decent meal is beyond my energy limits at the end of the day. | 2010/07/26 | [
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/questions/3349",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/users/1426/"
] | A slow cooker is helpful in that you can plop in vegetables and meat in the morning and let it cook all day so when you get home, dinner will be ready. It doesn't take much effort to get great meals that way and there are tons of recipes on the internet. I use mine often and I don't even work. They aren't expensive to buy. | Get a good blender. Blending food is a way to make quick drinks and soups. There are tons of quick recipes online. Vegetable drinks require just a quick rinse and minimal chop. Same with fruit smoothies. Yogurt smoothies are easy. A good blender will even heat a soup just from blending it for 5-10 minutes on high. You can even add (cooked) meats, eggs, or other proteins to the mix.
The obvious advantage is no pans, no cooking, minimal prep and cleanup. On the gustatory side, I'm not trying to recommend a bland, geriatric, babyfood diet. Blended foods can be well-seasoned and taste great. Add oil, onions, spices, salt, pepper to savory dishes. Honey, cinnamon, vanilla to smoothies. Lemon juice, lime juice, even condiments can add zip.
A big blended drink or soup with a hunk of toasted whole grain bread and butter is an easy and delicious combo. You could make bulk amounts and easily save leftovers.
Plus, it's fun to experiment, and doesn't require too much hassle or expertise.
It's well outside the scope of this site, but blending foods makes them easier to digest. Complete speculation, but I bet that easier nutrient absorption would be good for CFS.
There are some commercial products: the Vitamix, Montel William's blender, the Juiceman juicer which target some of these goals. I find a regular blender works great, though it obviously doesn't remove fiber (like a juicer, not always a good thing anyway), and you have to cut you food a little smaller if it's a lower powered machine. |
3,349 | Anyone know of any good resources for cooking recipes/methods/tools for people with a medical condition that causes chronic fatigue? I'm relying too much on convenience foods and 'tv dinners', because frequently the effort of cooking a decent meal is beyond my energy limits at the end of the day. | 2010/07/26 | [
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/questions/3349",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/users/1426/"
] | Having a wife with CF, I can appreciate your difficulty. You have the combination of not being able to put the effort into cooking, and the decreased ability to handle food with poor nutritional content (like most TV dinners).
One thing I do is to always cook about about double what we need for a meal and then either refrigerate or freeze the leftovers in meal-sized portions. Otherwise, we try and have healthy foods easily available for snacking - pre-washed spinach, good hearty bread, nuts, etc... | Get a good blender. Blending food is a way to make quick drinks and soups. There are tons of quick recipes online. Vegetable drinks require just a quick rinse and minimal chop. Same with fruit smoothies. Yogurt smoothies are easy. A good blender will even heat a soup just from blending it for 5-10 minutes on high. You can even add (cooked) meats, eggs, or other proteins to the mix.
The obvious advantage is no pans, no cooking, minimal prep and cleanup. On the gustatory side, I'm not trying to recommend a bland, geriatric, babyfood diet. Blended foods can be well-seasoned and taste great. Add oil, onions, spices, salt, pepper to savory dishes. Honey, cinnamon, vanilla to smoothies. Lemon juice, lime juice, even condiments can add zip.
A big blended drink or soup with a hunk of toasted whole grain bread and butter is an easy and delicious combo. You could make bulk amounts and easily save leftovers.
Plus, it's fun to experiment, and doesn't require too much hassle or expertise.
It's well outside the scope of this site, but blending foods makes them easier to digest. Complete speculation, but I bet that easier nutrient absorption would be good for CFS.
There are some commercial products: the Vitamix, Montel William's blender, the Juiceman juicer which target some of these goals. I find a regular blender works great, though it obviously doesn't remove fiber (like a juicer, not always a good thing anyway), and you have to cut you food a little smaller if it's a lower powered machine. |
3,349 | Anyone know of any good resources for cooking recipes/methods/tools for people with a medical condition that causes chronic fatigue? I'm relying too much on convenience foods and 'tv dinners', because frequently the effort of cooking a decent meal is beyond my energy limits at the end of the day. | 2010/07/26 | [
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/questions/3349",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/users/1426/"
] | I also have neurological disorders that cause symptoms similar to chronic fatigue. Here are a few tricks that have helped me with cooking dinner:
* Make sure your kitchen is set up in an efficient organized way. Keeping your kitchen well organized is key to reducing the time you spend cooking. Take your limitations into account when organizing your kitchen. For instance, if bending down flares up your symptoms, keep the items you use the least in the lower cabinets.
* Purchased pre-chopped veggies
* Use tin foil / parchment paper on cookie sheets and casserole dishes as much as possible. This will limit clean up.
* Try sitting as much as possible while cooking. Here is a stool that [rolls around](http://www.shopgetorganized.com/item/roll_about_stool/20677).
* As alluded to in other responses, try recipes that allow you to prepare much of the meal ahead of time - while you have more energy.
* Look for recipes where the majority or all of the cooking is in the oven as opposed to over the stove. While the cook times may be similar, you can take a load off if you are primarily using the oven.
* Once every 3 months I cook up (in the oven) and shred a 'big buy' of chicken and store it in the freezer. I use the cooked meat for risottos, soups, pasta dishes that call for cooked chicken.
* Finally, here is a resource for quick recipes: [allrecipes](http://allrecipes.com/Recipes/Everyday-Cooking/Quick-and-Easy/Main.aspx) | A quick and relatively effort free method of cooking is the electric steamer. It's simplicity itself to cook a salmon fillet, some baby new potatos and a selection of veg (which you could purchase pre-chopped for those days when you're really flagging) and then sit and wait for it to cook.
The other advantage of steaming is that you loose less of the nutrients than through boiling so that should help you a little bit as well =) |
3,349 | Anyone know of any good resources for cooking recipes/methods/tools for people with a medical condition that causes chronic fatigue? I'm relying too much on convenience foods and 'tv dinners', because frequently the effort of cooking a decent meal is beyond my energy limits at the end of the day. | 2010/07/26 | [
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/questions/3349",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/users/1426/"
] | Quinoa salad is easy and doesn't take a lot of effort. Cook the quinoa like rice - twice as much water as quinoa and then bring to a boil, turn it down to a simmer for about 15 minutes covered. Then toss that with whatever veggies you have on hand - I love it with tomatoes, cucumber, feta and olives for a "greek" twist.
Then you dress with either bottled dressing or vinegar/lemon juice and olive oil. Versatile and its even better the second day. | Aside from the main discussion point of [this article](http://www.cnn.com/2010/LIVING/03/22/real.men.eat.salad/index.html) (why it's okay for men to eat salads), the author does mention an interesting technique - they pre-chop all the ingredients needed for a salad when they have time, like on the weekends, and store them in individual containers. When they want to make salads, it's a pretty quick matter to pull out a few containers, grab some lettuce, toss ingredients+dressing, and have a nutritious meal ready to go.
Some other authors (I'm thinking specifically of Tosca Reno, of "Clean Eating" fame) recommend a similar technique: when she's cooking chicken breasts, she typically grills a few extra to use over the next day or two.
I'd also +1 the quinoa suggestion above - quinoa is a pretty quick way to pack in a hearty and healthy meal quickly. You can also cook quinoa in the microwave - I haven't mastered the technique (how long to cook, water ratio, etc.), but it's usually around 5 minutes. |
3,349 | Anyone know of any good resources for cooking recipes/methods/tools for people with a medical condition that causes chronic fatigue? I'm relying too much on convenience foods and 'tv dinners', because frequently the effort of cooking a decent meal is beyond my energy limits at the end of the day. | 2010/07/26 | [
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/questions/3349",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/users/1426/"
] | A slow cooker is helpful in that you can plop in vegetables and meat in the morning and let it cook all day so when you get home, dinner will be ready. It doesn't take much effort to get great meals that way and there are tons of recipes on the internet. I use mine often and I don't even work. They aren't expensive to buy. | Quinoa salad is easy and doesn't take a lot of effort. Cook the quinoa like rice - twice as much water as quinoa and then bring to a boil, turn it down to a simmer for about 15 minutes covered. Then toss that with whatever veggies you have on hand - I love it with tomatoes, cucumber, feta and olives for a "greek" twist.
Then you dress with either bottled dressing or vinegar/lemon juice and olive oil. Versatile and its even better the second day. |
3,349 | Anyone know of any good resources for cooking recipes/methods/tools for people with a medical condition that causes chronic fatigue? I'm relying too much on convenience foods and 'tv dinners', because frequently the effort of cooking a decent meal is beyond my energy limits at the end of the day. | 2010/07/26 | [
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/questions/3349",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/users/1426/"
] | I also have neurological disorders that cause symptoms similar to chronic fatigue. Here are a few tricks that have helped me with cooking dinner:
* Make sure your kitchen is set up in an efficient organized way. Keeping your kitchen well organized is key to reducing the time you spend cooking. Take your limitations into account when organizing your kitchen. For instance, if bending down flares up your symptoms, keep the items you use the least in the lower cabinets.
* Purchased pre-chopped veggies
* Use tin foil / parchment paper on cookie sheets and casserole dishes as much as possible. This will limit clean up.
* Try sitting as much as possible while cooking. Here is a stool that [rolls around](http://www.shopgetorganized.com/item/roll_about_stool/20677).
* As alluded to in other responses, try recipes that allow you to prepare much of the meal ahead of time - while you have more energy.
* Look for recipes where the majority or all of the cooking is in the oven as opposed to over the stove. While the cook times may be similar, you can take a load off if you are primarily using the oven.
* Once every 3 months I cook up (in the oven) and shred a 'big buy' of chicken and store it in the freezer. I use the cooked meat for risottos, soups, pasta dishes that call for cooked chicken.
* Finally, here is a resource for quick recipes: [allrecipes](http://allrecipes.com/Recipes/Everyday-Cooking/Quick-and-Easy/Main.aspx) | Aside from the main discussion point of [this article](http://www.cnn.com/2010/LIVING/03/22/real.men.eat.salad/index.html) (why it's okay for men to eat salads), the author does mention an interesting technique - they pre-chop all the ingredients needed for a salad when they have time, like on the weekends, and store them in individual containers. When they want to make salads, it's a pretty quick matter to pull out a few containers, grab some lettuce, toss ingredients+dressing, and have a nutritious meal ready to go.
Some other authors (I'm thinking specifically of Tosca Reno, of "Clean Eating" fame) recommend a similar technique: when she's cooking chicken breasts, she typically grills a few extra to use over the next day or two.
I'd also +1 the quinoa suggestion above - quinoa is a pretty quick way to pack in a hearty and healthy meal quickly. You can also cook quinoa in the microwave - I haven't mastered the technique (how long to cook, water ratio, etc.), but it's usually around 5 minutes. |
3,349 | Anyone know of any good resources for cooking recipes/methods/tools for people with a medical condition that causes chronic fatigue? I'm relying too much on convenience foods and 'tv dinners', because frequently the effort of cooking a decent meal is beyond my energy limits at the end of the day. | 2010/07/26 | [
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/questions/3349",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/users/1426/"
] | I also have neurological disorders that cause symptoms similar to chronic fatigue. Here are a few tricks that have helped me with cooking dinner:
* Make sure your kitchen is set up in an efficient organized way. Keeping your kitchen well organized is key to reducing the time you spend cooking. Take your limitations into account when organizing your kitchen. For instance, if bending down flares up your symptoms, keep the items you use the least in the lower cabinets.
* Purchased pre-chopped veggies
* Use tin foil / parchment paper on cookie sheets and casserole dishes as much as possible. This will limit clean up.
* Try sitting as much as possible while cooking. Here is a stool that [rolls around](http://www.shopgetorganized.com/item/roll_about_stool/20677).
* As alluded to in other responses, try recipes that allow you to prepare much of the meal ahead of time - while you have more energy.
* Look for recipes where the majority or all of the cooking is in the oven as opposed to over the stove. While the cook times may be similar, you can take a load off if you are primarily using the oven.
* Once every 3 months I cook up (in the oven) and shred a 'big buy' of chicken and store it in the freezer. I use the cooked meat for risottos, soups, pasta dishes that call for cooked chicken.
* Finally, here is a resource for quick recipes: [allrecipes](http://allrecipes.com/Recipes/Everyday-Cooking/Quick-and-Easy/Main.aspx) | A slow cooker is helpful in that you can plop in vegetables and meat in the morning and let it cook all day so when you get home, dinner will be ready. It doesn't take much effort to get great meals that way and there are tons of recipes on the internet. I use mine often and I don't even work. They aren't expensive to buy. |
3,349 | Anyone know of any good resources for cooking recipes/methods/tools for people with a medical condition that causes chronic fatigue? I'm relying too much on convenience foods and 'tv dinners', because frequently the effort of cooking a decent meal is beyond my energy limits at the end of the day. | 2010/07/26 | [
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/questions/3349",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/users/1426/"
] | Having a wife with CF, I can appreciate your difficulty. You have the combination of not being able to put the effort into cooking, and the decreased ability to handle food with poor nutritional content (like most TV dinners).
One thing I do is to always cook about about double what we need for a meal and then either refrigerate or freeze the leftovers in meal-sized portions. Otherwise, we try and have healthy foods easily available for snacking - pre-washed spinach, good hearty bread, nuts, etc... | Quinoa salad is easy and doesn't take a lot of effort. Cook the quinoa like rice - twice as much water as quinoa and then bring to a boil, turn it down to a simmer for about 15 minutes covered. Then toss that with whatever veggies you have on hand - I love it with tomatoes, cucumber, feta and olives for a "greek" twist.
Then you dress with either bottled dressing or vinegar/lemon juice and olive oil. Versatile and its even better the second day. |
3,349 | Anyone know of any good resources for cooking recipes/methods/tools for people with a medical condition that causes chronic fatigue? I'm relying too much on convenience foods and 'tv dinners', because frequently the effort of cooking a decent meal is beyond my energy limits at the end of the day. | 2010/07/26 | [
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/questions/3349",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/users/1426/"
] | I also have neurological disorders that cause symptoms similar to chronic fatigue. Here are a few tricks that have helped me with cooking dinner:
* Make sure your kitchen is set up in an efficient organized way. Keeping your kitchen well organized is key to reducing the time you spend cooking. Take your limitations into account when organizing your kitchen. For instance, if bending down flares up your symptoms, keep the items you use the least in the lower cabinets.
* Purchased pre-chopped veggies
* Use tin foil / parchment paper on cookie sheets and casserole dishes as much as possible. This will limit clean up.
* Try sitting as much as possible while cooking. Here is a stool that [rolls around](http://www.shopgetorganized.com/item/roll_about_stool/20677).
* As alluded to in other responses, try recipes that allow you to prepare much of the meal ahead of time - while you have more energy.
* Look for recipes where the majority or all of the cooking is in the oven as opposed to over the stove. While the cook times may be similar, you can take a load off if you are primarily using the oven.
* Once every 3 months I cook up (in the oven) and shred a 'big buy' of chicken and store it in the freezer. I use the cooked meat for risottos, soups, pasta dishes that call for cooked chicken.
* Finally, here is a resource for quick recipes: [allrecipes](http://allrecipes.com/Recipes/Everyday-Cooking/Quick-and-Easy/Main.aspx) | Having a wife with CF, I can appreciate your difficulty. You have the combination of not being able to put the effort into cooking, and the decreased ability to handle food with poor nutritional content (like most TV dinners).
One thing I do is to always cook about about double what we need for a meal and then either refrigerate or freeze the leftovers in meal-sized portions. Otherwise, we try and have healthy foods easily available for snacking - pre-washed spinach, good hearty bread, nuts, etc... |
243,907 | I increased the temperature of the water heater and now every once in a while the T&P hose/pipe will drip. Was I supposed to adjust something there as well?
I ensured that the temperature on both panels was the same.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/nMFUf.jpg)
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/WXYqB.png) | 2022/01/30 | [
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/243907",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/147856/"
] | Water expands as it's heated. If there is something that acts as a check valve (most commonly a pressure reducing valve, (PRV) rather than a check valve as such, for a municipal supply) the expansion translates to a significant pressure rise unless there's something else to accept that extra volume without such a severe pressure rise. So, the pressure gets too high and your pressure relief valve opens.
The solution is a trapped air bubble, usually in the form of a small "bladder or diaphragm" type expansion tank. That has an air bubble on one side of a rubber membrane, and water on the other. The pressure rises, but not as severely because the air can be compressed, while water is effectively incompressible. Unless they have unfortunately positioned check valves, folks on well systems have the same function served by the larger pressure tank that serves the well pump, so they don't require one specifically for the water heater.
If there is no expansion tank, or the rubber separating the air from the water has failed, an expansion tank typically needs to be added or replaced.
It is generally not possible to set the temperature so high that the temperature part of the relief valve is actuated, unless the thermostats are defective, so it's almost always due to overpressure. If you have a pressure gauge you could observe its behavior, but many municipal supply water systems lack even a single pressure gauge. Typically you see the pressure rise significantly when a lot of hot water is used, and replaced by cold water in the heater, and then little or no water is used while that water heats up and expands. | You need to install a potable water expansion tank. The size of the tank you need will depend on the size of your hot water tank and the supply pressure. You can measure the supply pressure by picking up a gauge like this: <https://www.homedepot.com/p/Watts-3-4-in-Plastic-Water-Pressure-Test-Gauge-DP-IWTG/100175467> and attaching it to an outside hose bib or the cold water supply connection for a clothes washing machine. Attach the gauge and leave it overnight. This will tell you how high the pressure might reach when the local water supply is at its lowest usage.
Then use this PDF <https://www.watts.com/dfsmedia/0533dbba17714b1ab581ab07a4cbb521/20441-source/es-plt-pdf> to size the expansion tank appropriately. My guess is that PLT-5 is sufficient, but again that will depend on whether or not you have unusually high supply pressure.
Once you know the supply pressure, you will need to charge the expansion tank's air bladder to the same or slightly higher pressure using a pump -- a simple tire pump will do -- even a pump at a gas station if you don't have a pump yourself. Just make sure not to over or under inflate the air bladder or it will be ineffective. So if your street supply pressure is 50psi, inflate the expansion tank's air bladder to between 50 and 55psi.
In the same PDF, if you scroll down, you'll see an illustration of how to install the tank. You place it inline the cold water side entering your hot water tank.
With the PEX pipe you have in your attached photo, adding the tank inline should be relatively simple but you will need tools that you might not already have, like a PEX crimper and cutter.
Last thing to know-- make sure the tank is supported. So build a little shelf and strap the tank down with some steel banding. |
63,876 | I have now thus far wandered the cold mountains of Skyrim for many hours, and I have seen many "ore" deposits that seem "mine-able". When I attempt to interact with these deposits I get a message that says something to the effect of "you need a [pickaxe](http://uesp.net/wiki/Skyrim:Pickaxe#Pickaxe) to mine that". I'll check the exact message text next time I'm playing. I've been to several towns, and I haven't seen a pickaxe for sale anywhere. Am I missing something? Where do I get what I need to mine ore? | 2012/04/24 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/63876",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/21619/"
] | Picks turn up commonly in and around mines - look for the crossed hammer icon on the maps (shown here):
[How do I find an ore mine?](https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/35372/how-do-i-find-an-ore-mine)
You'll also see them in some of the shops in the villages. | You don't need to buy one. Almost every [mine](http://www.uesp.net/wiki/Skyrim:Mines) will have a [pickaxe](http://elderscrolls.wikia.com/wiki/Pickaxe) lying around that you can use.
If not,check various barrels and sacks,also they are often found on enemies you kill in mines. |
102,041 | **Utopia within a Dystopian world?**
Or would this be a Utopia slowly diminishing into the state of being a Dystopia?......Hmmm
**Question**
Within a futuristic world overrun by another "intelligent" species...
* Is it possible to turn the world from a Utopia to a Dystopia while still
keeping a "Headquarters" that is utopian?
I want my world to have a center where the "wealthy" are in a utopian environment while the rest are in a distopian environment.
**Thoughts**
Maybe it would be more logical/pleasing to have an Oasis within a Dystopian world rather than trying to create a utopian place within a dystopian world?
What I am asking for are opinions/logic. Does this idea seem feasible or just complete non-sense.
If this is too vague, I apologize in advance. I haven't created my world, only the species and creatures that would inhabit it. | 2018/01/11 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/102041",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/46572/"
] | A utopia relies on sufficient resources for all. A dystopia happens when there is a shortage of resources
You can have a utopia inside a dystopia where there isn't enough resources for all but what resources there is is channeled to a group leaving the rest with less.
If you look at [The Hunger Games](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Hunger_Games_(film)), the Capital is a utopia with advanced technology, medicine, entertainment, fashion and the citizens live a life of luxury but the Districts are kept poor and repressed because the resources they produce are channeled to the Capital. | **An Utopia that "lost its way" and turning into a Dystopia? Absolutely.** There are already enough real-world examples of that happening. And more often than not the "failure" of the Utopia was because of human errors/shortcomings.
**An Utopia which exists side-along a Dystopia? Equally possible.** While "Utopia" is (roughly) defined as the "best possible place to live in for the people of a whole society" it omits the definition of "society" and doesn't cover those who *don't* live in said society.
For the latter version, consider the dichotomy between the Eloi and Morloks in H.G. Well's "Time Machine", picked up in Stephen Baxter's "The Time Ships" where the narrator elaborated a bit on how these two human subspecies began to drift away from their common ancestors. |
102,041 | **Utopia within a Dystopian world?**
Or would this be a Utopia slowly diminishing into the state of being a Dystopia?......Hmmm
**Question**
Within a futuristic world overrun by another "intelligent" species...
* Is it possible to turn the world from a Utopia to a Dystopia while still
keeping a "Headquarters" that is utopian?
I want my world to have a center where the "wealthy" are in a utopian environment while the rest are in a distopian environment.
**Thoughts**
Maybe it would be more logical/pleasing to have an Oasis within a Dystopian world rather than trying to create a utopian place within a dystopian world?
What I am asking for are opinions/logic. Does this idea seem feasible or just complete non-sense.
If this is too vague, I apologize in advance. I haven't created my world, only the species and creatures that would inhabit it. | 2018/01/11 | [
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/questions/102041",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.stackexchange.com/users/46572/"
] | >
> Is it possible to turn the world from a Utopia to a Dystopia while still keeping a "Headquarters" that is utopian?
>
>
>
Absolutely. There's countless ways to make this work. One extreme example is with neural interconnects or drugs which let someone live in a Utopian world while the actual world crumbles beneath them. This is actually quite a common trope with VR
>
> Would the Utopian world slowly diminish and eventually become fully Dystopian or do you think the life could keep up the small Utopia within?
>
>
>
This answer is dependent on countless details, so the answer would have to be "maybe." It's trivial to show an apparent utopia that crashes into a dystopia. On the other hand, it's also possible to make utopias that can exist forever, depending on your own individual definition of a utopia. For example, if your definition of utopia only includes the relative power of things, your utopia can shed energy and other resources into the outer dystopia while remaining utopian, so long as it sheds those things in a way which retains the balances your utopian definition calls for.
One particularly tenuous Utopia is one which is dependent on the possibility that something in the dystopia will eventually cure the demise of the utopia. As long as the utopia retains enough capabilities to reach out into the dystopia to find that cure when it appears, your utopia retains its status. Of course, whether this qualifies as a utopia depends *entirely* on you, as there is no defined "best world" that everyone agrees upon.
>
> If the intelligent life overrun the current government etc, would it have enough technology to keep the world from becoming a dystopia?
>
>
>
Unknown. One of the great things about our world is we don't know whether what we create will be a dystopia or a utopia. We have to try it and see. Also, you get to define what a dystopia is, so you can make it as easy or as hard to become a dystopia as you please. | **An Utopia that "lost its way" and turning into a Dystopia? Absolutely.** There are already enough real-world examples of that happening. And more often than not the "failure" of the Utopia was because of human errors/shortcomings.
**An Utopia which exists side-along a Dystopia? Equally possible.** While "Utopia" is (roughly) defined as the "best possible place to live in for the people of a whole society" it omits the definition of "society" and doesn't cover those who *don't* live in said society.
For the latter version, consider the dichotomy between the Eloi and Morloks in H.G. Well's "Time Machine", picked up in Stephen Baxter's "The Time Ships" where the narrator elaborated a bit on how these two human subspecies began to drift away from their common ancestors. |
134,344 | I've got a bathroom sink faucet with a recessed (cache) aerator that needs to be cleaned or replaced, but seems to require a special tool to remove it. There is no obvious branding on the faucet, so I don't know what removal tool to ask or look for.
I've tried some of the "standard" removal keys they sell at the big box stores, but they don't fit. Those keys seem to be a little too big and you can tell that the tooth pattern is not quite right.
I've included pictures of the faucet, the aerator, and a key that does *not* fit.
Wondering if anyone knows what kit or tool I need to remove and replace this aerator?
Image of faucet here:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/A8lIa.jpg)
Close-up of aerator:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Prdbl.jpg)
Example of key that did not work:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Ufqqi.jpg)
+++ Update +++
Thanks to @Alaska-man, it turns out the tip of the faucet itself was threaded and, once removed, gave me direct access to the aerator (which is not itself threaded).
Don't know why I didn't think to to try this. Perhaps because the visible part of the aerator had grooves that convinced me that it was itself threaded.
Images of tip and aerator removed. Also, it's apparently a Delta faucet (discovered after removing tip and observing lettering on underside).
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/u5Z5G.jpg)
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/IHYaa.jpg) | 2018/03/11 | [
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/134344",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/18208/"
] | The flared part of the faucet, the ring around the end, should turn. It should be threaded and holding the the aerator in.
Meaning the the aerator is not threaded in but is being held in by a threaded retention ring. ?? | This looks like a Pfister Faucet but can't be sure - you would need to remove it and look underneath for the make / model information. Just looking at Pfister with the outside crown on the aerator - I am pretty sure that is what you have.
A Pair of Snap Ring pliers for small snap rings would allow you to remove it - a 90 or 60 degree bend at the nose would be very helpful. That is what I would use to remove this given I did not have a tool - I might look to order one after I removed it though.
Kohler looks to be the same style as the Pfister I have seen so it is possible this is what you need Kohler 1130269 Aerator Tool . |
134,344 | I've got a bathroom sink faucet with a recessed (cache) aerator that needs to be cleaned or replaced, but seems to require a special tool to remove it. There is no obvious branding on the faucet, so I don't know what removal tool to ask or look for.
I've tried some of the "standard" removal keys they sell at the big box stores, but they don't fit. Those keys seem to be a little too big and you can tell that the tooth pattern is not quite right.
I've included pictures of the faucet, the aerator, and a key that does *not* fit.
Wondering if anyone knows what kit or tool I need to remove and replace this aerator?
Image of faucet here:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/A8lIa.jpg)
Close-up of aerator:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Prdbl.jpg)
Example of key that did not work:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Ufqqi.jpg)
+++ Update +++
Thanks to @Alaska-man, it turns out the tip of the faucet itself was threaded and, once removed, gave me direct access to the aerator (which is not itself threaded).
Don't know why I didn't think to to try this. Perhaps because the visible part of the aerator had grooves that convinced me that it was itself threaded.
Images of tip and aerator removed. Also, it's apparently a Delta faucet (discovered after removing tip and observing lettering on underside).
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/u5Z5G.jpg)
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/IHYaa.jpg) | 2018/03/11 | [
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/134344",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/18208/"
] | I used a pair of needle nosed pliers. Slid the ends into the tiny plastic indents and turned. Worked like a charm. | This looks like a Pfister Faucet but can't be sure - you would need to remove it and look underneath for the make / model information. Just looking at Pfister with the outside crown on the aerator - I am pretty sure that is what you have.
A Pair of Snap Ring pliers for small snap rings would allow you to remove it - a 90 or 60 degree bend at the nose would be very helpful. That is what I would use to remove this given I did not have a tool - I might look to order one after I removed it though.
Kohler looks to be the same style as the Pfister I have seen so it is possible this is what you need Kohler 1130269 Aerator Tool . |
134,344 | I've got a bathroom sink faucet with a recessed (cache) aerator that needs to be cleaned or replaced, but seems to require a special tool to remove it. There is no obvious branding on the faucet, so I don't know what removal tool to ask or look for.
I've tried some of the "standard" removal keys they sell at the big box stores, but they don't fit. Those keys seem to be a little too big and you can tell that the tooth pattern is not quite right.
I've included pictures of the faucet, the aerator, and a key that does *not* fit.
Wondering if anyone knows what kit or tool I need to remove and replace this aerator?
Image of faucet here:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/A8lIa.jpg)
Close-up of aerator:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Prdbl.jpg)
Example of key that did not work:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Ufqqi.jpg)
+++ Update +++
Thanks to @Alaska-man, it turns out the tip of the faucet itself was threaded and, once removed, gave me direct access to the aerator (which is not itself threaded).
Don't know why I didn't think to to try this. Perhaps because the visible part of the aerator had grooves that convinced me that it was itself threaded.
Images of tip and aerator removed. Also, it's apparently a Delta faucet (discovered after removing tip and observing lettering on underside).
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/u5Z5G.jpg)
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/IHYaa.jpg) | 2018/03/11 | [
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/134344",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/18208/"
] | [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/4raue.jpg)I used to back side of a caliper. It's adjustable so it'll fit any diameter aerator. Very simple and it worked beautifully. | This looks like a Pfister Faucet but can't be sure - you would need to remove it and look underneath for the make / model information. Just looking at Pfister with the outside crown on the aerator - I am pretty sure that is what you have.
A Pair of Snap Ring pliers for small snap rings would allow you to remove it - a 90 or 60 degree bend at the nose would be very helpful. That is what I would use to remove this given I did not have a tool - I might look to order one after I removed it though.
Kohler looks to be the same style as the Pfister I have seen so it is possible this is what you need Kohler 1130269 Aerator Tool . |
134,344 | I've got a bathroom sink faucet with a recessed (cache) aerator that needs to be cleaned or replaced, but seems to require a special tool to remove it. There is no obvious branding on the faucet, so I don't know what removal tool to ask or look for.
I've tried some of the "standard" removal keys they sell at the big box stores, but they don't fit. Those keys seem to be a little too big and you can tell that the tooth pattern is not quite right.
I've included pictures of the faucet, the aerator, and a key that does *not* fit.
Wondering if anyone knows what kit or tool I need to remove and replace this aerator?
Image of faucet here:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/A8lIa.jpg)
Close-up of aerator:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Prdbl.jpg)
Example of key that did not work:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Ufqqi.jpg)
+++ Update +++
Thanks to @Alaska-man, it turns out the tip of the faucet itself was threaded and, once removed, gave me direct access to the aerator (which is not itself threaded).
Don't know why I didn't think to to try this. Perhaps because the visible part of the aerator had grooves that convinced me that it was itself threaded.
Images of tip and aerator removed. Also, it's apparently a Delta faucet (discovered after removing tip and observing lettering on underside).
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/u5Z5G.jpg)
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/IHYaa.jpg) | 2018/03/11 | [
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/134344",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/18208/"
] | The flared part of the faucet, the ring around the end, should turn. It should be threaded and holding the the aerator in.
Meaning the the aerator is not threaded in but is being held in by a threaded retention ring. ?? | I used a pair of needle nosed pliers. Slid the ends into the tiny plastic indents and turned. Worked like a charm. |
134,344 | I've got a bathroom sink faucet with a recessed (cache) aerator that needs to be cleaned or replaced, but seems to require a special tool to remove it. There is no obvious branding on the faucet, so I don't know what removal tool to ask or look for.
I've tried some of the "standard" removal keys they sell at the big box stores, but they don't fit. Those keys seem to be a little too big and you can tell that the tooth pattern is not quite right.
I've included pictures of the faucet, the aerator, and a key that does *not* fit.
Wondering if anyone knows what kit or tool I need to remove and replace this aerator?
Image of faucet here:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/A8lIa.jpg)
Close-up of aerator:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Prdbl.jpg)
Example of key that did not work:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Ufqqi.jpg)
+++ Update +++
Thanks to @Alaska-man, it turns out the tip of the faucet itself was threaded and, once removed, gave me direct access to the aerator (which is not itself threaded).
Don't know why I didn't think to to try this. Perhaps because the visible part of the aerator had grooves that convinced me that it was itself threaded.
Images of tip and aerator removed. Also, it's apparently a Delta faucet (discovered after removing tip and observing lettering on underside).
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/u5Z5G.jpg)
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/IHYaa.jpg) | 2018/03/11 | [
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/134344",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/18208/"
] | The flared part of the faucet, the ring around the end, should turn. It should be threaded and holding the the aerator in.
Meaning the the aerator is not threaded in but is being held in by a threaded retention ring. ?? | [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/4raue.jpg)I used to back side of a caliper. It's adjustable so it'll fit any diameter aerator. Very simple and it worked beautifully. |
134,344 | I've got a bathroom sink faucet with a recessed (cache) aerator that needs to be cleaned or replaced, but seems to require a special tool to remove it. There is no obvious branding on the faucet, so I don't know what removal tool to ask or look for.
I've tried some of the "standard" removal keys they sell at the big box stores, but they don't fit. Those keys seem to be a little too big and you can tell that the tooth pattern is not quite right.
I've included pictures of the faucet, the aerator, and a key that does *not* fit.
Wondering if anyone knows what kit or tool I need to remove and replace this aerator?
Image of faucet here:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/A8lIa.jpg)
Close-up of aerator:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Prdbl.jpg)
Example of key that did not work:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Ufqqi.jpg)
+++ Update +++
Thanks to @Alaska-man, it turns out the tip of the faucet itself was threaded and, once removed, gave me direct access to the aerator (which is not itself threaded).
Don't know why I didn't think to to try this. Perhaps because the visible part of the aerator had grooves that convinced me that it was itself threaded.
Images of tip and aerator removed. Also, it's apparently a Delta faucet (discovered after removing tip and observing lettering on underside).
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/u5Z5G.jpg)
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/IHYaa.jpg) | 2018/03/11 | [
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/134344",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/18208/"
] | The flared part of the faucet, the ring around the end, should turn. It should be threaded and holding the the aerator in.
Meaning the the aerator is not threaded in but is being held in by a threaded retention ring. ?? | One can use a paperclip to unscrew it if you don't have the tools. Bend the paperclip so you can stick one end against one of the teeth and push. Once the teeth are protruded, you can use your fingernail against the teeth to remove it. |
134,344 | I've got a bathroom sink faucet with a recessed (cache) aerator that needs to be cleaned or replaced, but seems to require a special tool to remove it. There is no obvious branding on the faucet, so I don't know what removal tool to ask or look for.
I've tried some of the "standard" removal keys they sell at the big box stores, but they don't fit. Those keys seem to be a little too big and you can tell that the tooth pattern is not quite right.
I've included pictures of the faucet, the aerator, and a key that does *not* fit.
Wondering if anyone knows what kit or tool I need to remove and replace this aerator?
Image of faucet here:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/A8lIa.jpg)
Close-up of aerator:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Prdbl.jpg)
Example of key that did not work:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Ufqqi.jpg)
+++ Update +++
Thanks to @Alaska-man, it turns out the tip of the faucet itself was threaded and, once removed, gave me direct access to the aerator (which is not itself threaded).
Don't know why I didn't think to to try this. Perhaps because the visible part of the aerator had grooves that convinced me that it was itself threaded.
Images of tip and aerator removed. Also, it's apparently a Delta faucet (discovered after removing tip and observing lettering on underside).
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/u5Z5G.jpg)
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/IHYaa.jpg) | 2018/03/11 | [
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/134344",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/18208/"
] | I used a pair of needle nosed pliers. Slid the ends into the tiny plastic indents and turned. Worked like a charm. | One can use a paperclip to unscrew it if you don't have the tools. Bend the paperclip so you can stick one end against one of the teeth and push. Once the teeth are protruded, you can use your fingernail against the teeth to remove it. |
134,344 | I've got a bathroom sink faucet with a recessed (cache) aerator that needs to be cleaned or replaced, but seems to require a special tool to remove it. There is no obvious branding on the faucet, so I don't know what removal tool to ask or look for.
I've tried some of the "standard" removal keys they sell at the big box stores, but they don't fit. Those keys seem to be a little too big and you can tell that the tooth pattern is not quite right.
I've included pictures of the faucet, the aerator, and a key that does *not* fit.
Wondering if anyone knows what kit or tool I need to remove and replace this aerator?
Image of faucet here:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/A8lIa.jpg)
Close-up of aerator:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Prdbl.jpg)
Example of key that did not work:
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/Ufqqi.jpg)
+++ Update +++
Thanks to @Alaska-man, it turns out the tip of the faucet itself was threaded and, once removed, gave me direct access to the aerator (which is not itself threaded).
Don't know why I didn't think to to try this. Perhaps because the visible part of the aerator had grooves that convinced me that it was itself threaded.
Images of tip and aerator removed. Also, it's apparently a Delta faucet (discovered after removing tip and observing lettering on underside).
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/u5Z5G.jpg)
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/IHYaa.jpg) | 2018/03/11 | [
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/questions/134344",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com",
"https://diy.stackexchange.com/users/18208/"
] | [](https://i.stack.imgur.com/4raue.jpg)I used to back side of a caliper. It's adjustable so it'll fit any diameter aerator. Very simple and it worked beautifully. | One can use a paperclip to unscrew it if you don't have the tools. Bend the paperclip so you can stick one end against one of the teeth and push. Once the teeth are protruded, you can use your fingernail against the teeth to remove it. |
15,831 | In the film *[Triangle](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangle_%282009_British_film%29)*, we learn at the very end of the film,
>
> that the Jess we meet in the beginning already went through the loop (maybe even all of them). She remembers what happens on the liner, and she must remember that her main goal was to stop the entire crew from stepping onto the liner.
>
>
>
When the moment comes when the crew wants to be "rescued" by the liner, why didn't she try to stop them? She hesitates, but doesn't act on it. Why? | 2012/05/02 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/15831",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/2565/"
] | After watching it again (I felt a lot like Jess, herself) I realised that she does not forget the events that took place until she is back on the Triangle. We can see her very sombre in the beginning of the film (when we have no explanation for it).
The reason she voluntarily goes back is because of what The Driver says about Tommy: "No point trying to safe the boy, nothing anybody could do's gonna bring him back." If you look very closely, you can see the slightest hint of her expression changing, because she has a new idea. It's not her goal anymore to safe herself, she wants to go through hell again (figuratively speaking) in order to prevent Tommy from dying in the next iteration.
However, when she steps on the Triangle, she falls asleep and forgets the previous events (until it's far too late, when she begins to very vaguely remember), as if they were dreams. After she wakes up we see her brightened up significantly. This is when her new plan to actually *get* on the ocean liner is forgotten and everything starts anew. | Okay Triangle is actually not a time-travel movie even though it seems like one. So she actually is forgetting what happened before due to traumatic event stress and because of where she actually is. It's actually hell. Or at least it is Jessie's personal hell. Most of what we see is her replaying events onboard a ship named Sisyphus which is the king in Greek myth that was sentenced to an afterlife in Hades pushing a boulder up a hill only to watch it roll back down and have to repeat this forever.
Here is the most logical set of actual events that actually happened. Jess was a shitty mother to her autistic child. She had him in the car and was driving to the boat when a pelican hit the windshield. She pulled over to throw the bird off a cliff but didn't wipe the blood off , probably because she wanted to make the boat. Her kid freaked out and she turned to yell at him and wrecked. This killed her and most likely her kid. Then the taxi driver shows up (grim reaper/Ferryman) and she goes to the boat. The rest that we see is her reliving the events and trying to change the outcome but it's useless because she is already dead and this is her hell. She never realizes this and the audience is never given the full explanation. |
15,831 | In the film *[Triangle](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangle_%282009_British_film%29)*, we learn at the very end of the film,
>
> that the Jess we meet in the beginning already went through the loop (maybe even all of them). She remembers what happens on the liner, and she must remember that her main goal was to stop the entire crew from stepping onto the liner.
>
>
>
When the moment comes when the crew wants to be "rescued" by the liner, why didn't she try to stop them? She hesitates, but doesn't act on it. Why? | 2012/05/02 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/15831",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/2565/"
] | Okay Triangle is actually not a time-travel movie even though it seems like one. So she actually is forgetting what happened before due to traumatic event stress and because of where she actually is. It's actually hell. Or at least it is Jessie's personal hell. Most of what we see is her replaying events onboard a ship named Sisyphus which is the king in Greek myth that was sentenced to an afterlife in Hades pushing a boulder up a hill only to watch it roll back down and have to repeat this forever.
Here is the most logical set of actual events that actually happened. Jess was a shitty mother to her autistic child. She had him in the car and was driving to the boat when a pelican hit the windshield. She pulled over to throw the bird off a cliff but didn't wipe the blood off , probably because she wanted to make the boat. Her kid freaked out and she turned to yell at him and wrecked. This killed her and most likely her kid. Then the taxi driver shows up (grim reaper/Ferryman) and she goes to the boat. The rest that we see is her reliving the events and trying to change the outcome but it's useless because she is already dead and this is her hell. She never realizes this and the audience is never given the full explanation. | She goes back on the boat, because she wants to save her son. Then she goes to sleep and forgets everything, does the whole film again, and kills her son again, and then she goes to the boat, and wants to save her son (because she doesn't know that it isn't possible). |
15,831 | In the film *[Triangle](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangle_%282009_British_film%29)*, we learn at the very end of the film,
>
> that the Jess we meet in the beginning already went through the loop (maybe even all of them). She remembers what happens on the liner, and she must remember that her main goal was to stop the entire crew from stepping onto the liner.
>
>
>
When the moment comes when the crew wants to be "rescued" by the liner, why didn't she try to stop them? She hesitates, but doesn't act on it. Why? | 2012/05/02 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/15831",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/2565/"
] | Okay Triangle is actually not a time-travel movie even though it seems like one. So she actually is forgetting what happened before due to traumatic event stress and because of where she actually is. It's actually hell. Or at least it is Jessie's personal hell. Most of what we see is her replaying events onboard a ship named Sisyphus which is the king in Greek myth that was sentenced to an afterlife in Hades pushing a boulder up a hill only to watch it roll back down and have to repeat this forever.
Here is the most logical set of actual events that actually happened. Jess was a shitty mother to her autistic child. She had him in the car and was driving to the boat when a pelican hit the windshield. She pulled over to throw the bird off a cliff but didn't wipe the blood off , probably because she wanted to make the boat. Her kid freaked out and she turned to yell at him and wrecked. This killed her and most likely her kid. Then the taxi driver shows up (grim reaper/Ferryman) and she goes to the boat. The rest that we see is her reliving the events and trying to change the outcome but it's useless because she is already dead and this is her hell. She never realizes this and the audience is never given the full explanation. | In the Liner, Jess is looking to stop the loop from happening, she wants to go back to her son. The son that she has forgotten she has ended up killing. When the loop starts all over again, she doesn't stop the people from setting sail because the shock of it all.
While the whole thing looks like she is stuck in some kind of a time vortex, there is an alternate theory suggested in the link below at the end. I liked the batch approach to the explanation as well as it helps understand the 4 Jess' on the Liner:
[Triangle Movie Ending Explained](http://digestivepyrotechnics.blogspot.com/2014/12/triangle-explained-plot-holes-explained.html) |
15,831 | In the film *[Triangle](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangle_%282009_British_film%29)*, we learn at the very end of the film,
>
> that the Jess we meet in the beginning already went through the loop (maybe even all of them). She remembers what happens on the liner, and she must remember that her main goal was to stop the entire crew from stepping onto the liner.
>
>
>
When the moment comes when the crew wants to be "rescued" by the liner, why didn't she try to stop them? She hesitates, but doesn't act on it. Why? | 2012/05/02 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/15831",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/2565/"
] | Okay Triangle is actually not a time-travel movie even though it seems like one. So she actually is forgetting what happened before due to traumatic event stress and because of where she actually is. It's actually hell. Or at least it is Jessie's personal hell. Most of what we see is her replaying events onboard a ship named Sisyphus which is the king in Greek myth that was sentenced to an afterlife in Hades pushing a boulder up a hill only to watch it roll back down and have to repeat this forever.
Here is the most logical set of actual events that actually happened. Jess was a shitty mother to her autistic child. She had him in the car and was driving to the boat when a pelican hit the windshield. She pulled over to throw the bird off a cliff but didn't wipe the blood off , probably because she wanted to make the boat. Her kid freaked out and she turned to yell at him and wrecked. This killed her and most likely her kid. Then the taxi driver shows up (grim reaper/Ferryman) and she goes to the boat. The rest that we see is her reliving the events and trying to change the outcome but it's useless because she is already dead and this is her hell. She never realizes this and the audience is never given the full explanation. | I got that the final cicle starts at the end of the film, not that it repeats the first one.
The jess of the ending is the jess that wears the mask and gets shot, takes it off to pretend to be the earlier version, lead the couple to the cabin an slits his throat and say's "sorry, but I need to see my son"
She is the cold
blooded killer, the one with practice. She also says, when referring to the older version Jess that she "is not who they think"
We never see what happens to that one, and she isn't explained in the loop shown in the movie. (Although the woman she stabs in the stomach is, she dies several times on the deck, this is the only part I can't figure out)
(Edit: There's an explanation for all of them. The blooded killer is the original Jess at the end of her story arc. It's her second time boarding the cruise ship and she gets killed by another Jess that has boarded twice and is watched by a Jess that has only boarded once. The Jess's that have only boarded once are the ones that push each other into the sea while wearing the mask. There are basically seven stages to her cycle.)
Stage 1: Jess goes onto the cruise ship and pushes the masked killer (Stage 3 Jess from a previous boat) into the sea.
Stage 2: Jess watches another Jess in stage 5 kill the unmasked killer that's in stage 7 while comforting the dying Sally. This Jess in stage 5 is the one she points the gun at in the banquet hall. She boarded the ship on the second boat.
Stage 3: Jess becomes the masked killer and gets pushed into the sea by a new stage 1 Jess that was on the third boat to arrive in the movie.
Stage 4: Jess goes home to save Tommy and gets in an accident and decides to go sailing again.
Stage 5: Jess boards the ship with her full memory which is the fourth boat to arrive in the movie. Stage 2 Jess from the third boat points a gun at her and she kills Stage 7 Jess from the second boat.
Stage 6. Jess hides and let's a new Stage 1 Jess from a fifth boat push Stage 3 Jess from the third boat into the sea.
Stage 7. Jess becomes the unmasked killer and is killed by Stage 5 Jess from the sixth boat to arrive. |
15,831 | In the film *[Triangle](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangle_%282009_British_film%29)*, we learn at the very end of the film,
>
> that the Jess we meet in the beginning already went through the loop (maybe even all of them). She remembers what happens on the liner, and she must remember that her main goal was to stop the entire crew from stepping onto the liner.
>
>
>
When the moment comes when the crew wants to be "rescued" by the liner, why didn't she try to stop them? She hesitates, but doesn't act on it. Why? | 2012/05/02 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/15831",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/2565/"
] | After watching it again (I felt a lot like Jess, herself) I realised that she does not forget the events that took place until she is back on the Triangle. We can see her very sombre in the beginning of the film (when we have no explanation for it).
The reason she voluntarily goes back is because of what The Driver says about Tommy: "No point trying to safe the boy, nothing anybody could do's gonna bring him back." If you look very closely, you can see the slightest hint of her expression changing, because she has a new idea. It's not her goal anymore to safe herself, she wants to go through hell again (figuratively speaking) in order to prevent Tommy from dying in the next iteration.
However, when she steps on the Triangle, she falls asleep and forgets the previous events (until it's far too late, when she begins to very vaguely remember), as if they were dreams. After she wakes up we see her brightened up significantly. This is when her new plan to actually *get* on the ocean liner is forgotten and everything starts anew. | She goes back on the boat, because she wants to save her son. Then she goes to sleep and forgets everything, does the whole film again, and kills her son again, and then she goes to the boat, and wants to save her son (because she doesn't know that it isn't possible). |
15,831 | In the film *[Triangle](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangle_%282009_British_film%29)*, we learn at the very end of the film,
>
> that the Jess we meet in the beginning already went through the loop (maybe even all of them). She remembers what happens on the liner, and she must remember that her main goal was to stop the entire crew from stepping onto the liner.
>
>
>
When the moment comes when the crew wants to be "rescued" by the liner, why didn't she try to stop them? She hesitates, but doesn't act on it. Why? | 2012/05/02 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/15831",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/2565/"
] | After watching it again (I felt a lot like Jess, herself) I realised that she does not forget the events that took place until she is back on the Triangle. We can see her very sombre in the beginning of the film (when we have no explanation for it).
The reason she voluntarily goes back is because of what The Driver says about Tommy: "No point trying to safe the boy, nothing anybody could do's gonna bring him back." If you look very closely, you can see the slightest hint of her expression changing, because she has a new idea. It's not her goal anymore to safe herself, she wants to go through hell again (figuratively speaking) in order to prevent Tommy from dying in the next iteration.
However, when she steps on the Triangle, she falls asleep and forgets the previous events (until it's far too late, when she begins to very vaguely remember), as if they were dreams. After she wakes up we see her brightened up significantly. This is when her new plan to actually *get* on the ocean liner is forgotten and everything starts anew. | In the Liner, Jess is looking to stop the loop from happening, she wants to go back to her son. The son that she has forgotten she has ended up killing. When the loop starts all over again, she doesn't stop the people from setting sail because the shock of it all.
While the whole thing looks like she is stuck in some kind of a time vortex, there is an alternate theory suggested in the link below at the end. I liked the batch approach to the explanation as well as it helps understand the 4 Jess' on the Liner:
[Triangle Movie Ending Explained](http://digestivepyrotechnics.blogspot.com/2014/12/triangle-explained-plot-holes-explained.html) |
15,831 | In the film *[Triangle](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangle_%282009_British_film%29)*, we learn at the very end of the film,
>
> that the Jess we meet in the beginning already went through the loop (maybe even all of them). She remembers what happens on the liner, and she must remember that her main goal was to stop the entire crew from stepping onto the liner.
>
>
>
When the moment comes when the crew wants to be "rescued" by the liner, why didn't she try to stop them? She hesitates, but doesn't act on it. Why? | 2012/05/02 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/15831",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/2565/"
] | After watching it again (I felt a lot like Jess, herself) I realised that she does not forget the events that took place until she is back on the Triangle. We can see her very sombre in the beginning of the film (when we have no explanation for it).
The reason she voluntarily goes back is because of what The Driver says about Tommy: "No point trying to safe the boy, nothing anybody could do's gonna bring him back." If you look very closely, you can see the slightest hint of her expression changing, because she has a new idea. It's not her goal anymore to safe herself, she wants to go through hell again (figuratively speaking) in order to prevent Tommy from dying in the next iteration.
However, when she steps on the Triangle, she falls asleep and forgets the previous events (until it's far too late, when she begins to very vaguely remember), as if they were dreams. After she wakes up we see her brightened up significantly. This is when her new plan to actually *get* on the ocean liner is forgotten and everything starts anew. | I got that the final cicle starts at the end of the film, not that it repeats the first one.
The jess of the ending is the jess that wears the mask and gets shot, takes it off to pretend to be the earlier version, lead the couple to the cabin an slits his throat and say's "sorry, but I need to see my son"
She is the cold
blooded killer, the one with practice. She also says, when referring to the older version Jess that she "is not who they think"
We never see what happens to that one, and she isn't explained in the loop shown in the movie. (Although the woman she stabs in the stomach is, she dies several times on the deck, this is the only part I can't figure out)
(Edit: There's an explanation for all of them. The blooded killer is the original Jess at the end of her story arc. It's her second time boarding the cruise ship and she gets killed by another Jess that has boarded twice and is watched by a Jess that has only boarded once. The Jess's that have only boarded once are the ones that push each other into the sea while wearing the mask. There are basically seven stages to her cycle.)
Stage 1: Jess goes onto the cruise ship and pushes the masked killer (Stage 3 Jess from a previous boat) into the sea.
Stage 2: Jess watches another Jess in stage 5 kill the unmasked killer that's in stage 7 while comforting the dying Sally. This Jess in stage 5 is the one she points the gun at in the banquet hall. She boarded the ship on the second boat.
Stage 3: Jess becomes the masked killer and gets pushed into the sea by a new stage 1 Jess that was on the third boat to arrive in the movie.
Stage 4: Jess goes home to save Tommy and gets in an accident and decides to go sailing again.
Stage 5: Jess boards the ship with her full memory which is the fourth boat to arrive in the movie. Stage 2 Jess from the third boat points a gun at her and she kills Stage 7 Jess from the second boat.
Stage 6. Jess hides and let's a new Stage 1 Jess from a fifth boat push Stage 3 Jess from the third boat into the sea.
Stage 7. Jess becomes the unmasked killer and is killed by Stage 5 Jess from the sixth boat to arrive. |
15,831 | In the film *[Triangle](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangle_%282009_British_film%29)*, we learn at the very end of the film,
>
> that the Jess we meet in the beginning already went through the loop (maybe even all of them). She remembers what happens on the liner, and she must remember that her main goal was to stop the entire crew from stepping onto the liner.
>
>
>
When the moment comes when the crew wants to be "rescued" by the liner, why didn't she try to stop them? She hesitates, but doesn't act on it. Why? | 2012/05/02 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/15831",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/2565/"
] | I got that the final cicle starts at the end of the film, not that it repeats the first one.
The jess of the ending is the jess that wears the mask and gets shot, takes it off to pretend to be the earlier version, lead the couple to the cabin an slits his throat and say's "sorry, but I need to see my son"
She is the cold
blooded killer, the one with practice. She also says, when referring to the older version Jess that she "is not who they think"
We never see what happens to that one, and she isn't explained in the loop shown in the movie. (Although the woman she stabs in the stomach is, she dies several times on the deck, this is the only part I can't figure out)
(Edit: There's an explanation for all of them. The blooded killer is the original Jess at the end of her story arc. It's her second time boarding the cruise ship and she gets killed by another Jess that has boarded twice and is watched by a Jess that has only boarded once. The Jess's that have only boarded once are the ones that push each other into the sea while wearing the mask. There are basically seven stages to her cycle.)
Stage 1: Jess goes onto the cruise ship and pushes the masked killer (Stage 3 Jess from a previous boat) into the sea.
Stage 2: Jess watches another Jess in stage 5 kill the unmasked killer that's in stage 7 while comforting the dying Sally. This Jess in stage 5 is the one she points the gun at in the banquet hall. She boarded the ship on the second boat.
Stage 3: Jess becomes the masked killer and gets pushed into the sea by a new stage 1 Jess that was on the third boat to arrive in the movie.
Stage 4: Jess goes home to save Tommy and gets in an accident and decides to go sailing again.
Stage 5: Jess boards the ship with her full memory which is the fourth boat to arrive in the movie. Stage 2 Jess from the third boat points a gun at her and she kills Stage 7 Jess from the second boat.
Stage 6. Jess hides and let's a new Stage 1 Jess from a fifth boat push Stage 3 Jess from the third boat into the sea.
Stage 7. Jess becomes the unmasked killer and is killed by Stage 5 Jess from the sixth boat to arrive. | She goes back on the boat, because she wants to save her son. Then she goes to sleep and forgets everything, does the whole film again, and kills her son again, and then she goes to the boat, and wants to save her son (because she doesn't know that it isn't possible). |
15,831 | In the film *[Triangle](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangle_%282009_British_film%29)*, we learn at the very end of the film,
>
> that the Jess we meet in the beginning already went through the loop (maybe even all of them). She remembers what happens on the liner, and she must remember that her main goal was to stop the entire crew from stepping onto the liner.
>
>
>
When the moment comes when the crew wants to be "rescued" by the liner, why didn't she try to stop them? She hesitates, but doesn't act on it. Why? | 2012/05/02 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/15831",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/2565/"
] | I got that the final cicle starts at the end of the film, not that it repeats the first one.
The jess of the ending is the jess that wears the mask and gets shot, takes it off to pretend to be the earlier version, lead the couple to the cabin an slits his throat and say's "sorry, but I need to see my son"
She is the cold
blooded killer, the one with practice. She also says, when referring to the older version Jess that she "is not who they think"
We never see what happens to that one, and she isn't explained in the loop shown in the movie. (Although the woman she stabs in the stomach is, she dies several times on the deck, this is the only part I can't figure out)
(Edit: There's an explanation for all of them. The blooded killer is the original Jess at the end of her story arc. It's her second time boarding the cruise ship and she gets killed by another Jess that has boarded twice and is watched by a Jess that has only boarded once. The Jess's that have only boarded once are the ones that push each other into the sea while wearing the mask. There are basically seven stages to her cycle.)
Stage 1: Jess goes onto the cruise ship and pushes the masked killer (Stage 3 Jess from a previous boat) into the sea.
Stage 2: Jess watches another Jess in stage 5 kill the unmasked killer that's in stage 7 while comforting the dying Sally. This Jess in stage 5 is the one she points the gun at in the banquet hall. She boarded the ship on the second boat.
Stage 3: Jess becomes the masked killer and gets pushed into the sea by a new stage 1 Jess that was on the third boat to arrive in the movie.
Stage 4: Jess goes home to save Tommy and gets in an accident and decides to go sailing again.
Stage 5: Jess boards the ship with her full memory which is the fourth boat to arrive in the movie. Stage 2 Jess from the third boat points a gun at her and she kills Stage 7 Jess from the second boat.
Stage 6. Jess hides and let's a new Stage 1 Jess from a fifth boat push Stage 3 Jess from the third boat into the sea.
Stage 7. Jess becomes the unmasked killer and is killed by Stage 5 Jess from the sixth boat to arrive. | In the Liner, Jess is looking to stop the loop from happening, she wants to go back to her son. The son that she has forgotten she has ended up killing. When the loop starts all over again, she doesn't stop the people from setting sail because the shock of it all.
While the whole thing looks like she is stuck in some kind of a time vortex, there is an alternate theory suggested in the link below at the end. I liked the batch approach to the explanation as well as it helps understand the 4 Jess' on the Liner:
[Triangle Movie Ending Explained](http://digestivepyrotechnics.blogspot.com/2014/12/triangle-explained-plot-holes-explained.html) |
10,454,470 | I found this [page](http://www.eclipse.org/eclipse/development/plans/eclipse_project_plan_4_2.xml) stating that Java 8 support for Juno is deffered, but I can't find more information how soon people can exspect to be able to write first closures in Eclipse and get productive with that stuff.
Has someone got insight how long we still have to wait? The Java7 features were in 3.7 really quickly, that's why it's kind of odd that this task is deferred.
Any comments, ideas? Or maybe even a good workaround? | 2012/05/04 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/10454470",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/643742/"
] | One of the key reasons that Java 8 support was deferred is that Java 8 will be available after Eclipse Juno is released. A major release of Eclipse couldn't be shipped with functionality reliant on an unfinished Java release.
Java 7 support went through a similar issue with Eclipse Indigo. Tooling for Java 7 proceeded in a branch that was merged into main indigo stream after Java 7 shipped, so you saw tooling support in Indigo SR1.
I would expect a similar situation for Java 8. There may be a branch open for this work already. The best place to check in on the status is in the bug that is referenced from the document that you found.
<https://bugs.eclipse.org/bugs/show_bug.cgi?id=380190> | Java 8 will be released at some point after mid 2013, so there is still quite some time to go :-) Full support in Eclipse for Java 8 should not be expected before Java 8's release date, it was the same for Java 7 support.
Currently, there is no branch open for this work. However, whenever that does happen you can expect to see a few blog posts about it :-) |
10,454,470 | I found this [page](http://www.eclipse.org/eclipse/development/plans/eclipse_project_plan_4_2.xml) stating that Java 8 support for Juno is deffered, but I can't find more information how soon people can exspect to be able to write first closures in Eclipse and get productive with that stuff.
Has someone got insight how long we still have to wait? The Java7 features were in 3.7 really quickly, that's why it's kind of odd that this task is deferred.
Any comments, ideas? Or maybe even a good workaround? | 2012/05/04 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/10454470",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/643742/"
] | One of the key reasons that Java 8 support was deferred is that Java 8 will be available after Eclipse Juno is released. A major release of Eclipse couldn't be shipped with functionality reliant on an unfinished Java release.
Java 7 support went through a similar issue with Eclipse Indigo. Tooling for Java 7 proceeded in a branch that was merged into main indigo stream after Java 7 shipped, so you saw tooling support in Indigo SR1.
I would expect a similar situation for Java 8. There may be a branch open for this work already. The best place to check in on the status is in the bug that is referenced from the document that you found.
<https://bugs.eclipse.org/bugs/show_bug.cgi?id=380190> | You may give IntelliJ Idea a try which has preliminary suport for it, see <http://confluence.jetbrains.com/display/IDEADEV/IDEA+12+EAP> |
10,454,470 | I found this [page](http://www.eclipse.org/eclipse/development/plans/eclipse_project_plan_4_2.xml) stating that Java 8 support for Juno is deffered, but I can't find more information how soon people can exspect to be able to write first closures in Eclipse and get productive with that stuff.
Has someone got insight how long we still have to wait? The Java7 features were in 3.7 really quickly, that's why it's kind of odd that this task is deferred.
Any comments, ideas? Or maybe even a good workaround? | 2012/05/04 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/10454470",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/643742/"
] | Java 8 will be released at some point after mid 2013, so there is still quite some time to go :-) Full support in Eclipse for Java 8 should not be expected before Java 8's release date, it was the same for Java 7 support.
Currently, there is no branch open for this work. However, whenever that does happen you can expect to see a few blog posts about it :-) | You may give IntelliJ Idea a try which has preliminary suport for it, see <http://confluence.jetbrains.com/display/IDEADEV/IDEA+12+EAP> |
26,034 | In Plants vs Zombies, are there strategies that make it more probable to have certain plants (for your Zen Garden)?
How does the game decide which plant is given? | 2011/07/10 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/26034",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/10236/"
] | I believe the game hints mention that certain types of plants only appear in certain types of boards or levels.
For aquatic plants, you need to be playing an aquatic level.
For plants for your fungus garden, you need to be playing a night level. | At least on the PC version of the game, if you play Hard Survival levels, you can improve your chances of getting specific plants. If you get a Zen Garden plant, it will be from a specific set plants, a list of 8 plants on most levels or 6 on Roof level. No other plant for your Zen Garden will show up on that level. The list of plants that can show up on each Hard Survival level is shown below.
* **Day Hard Survival:** Peashooter, Sunflower, Cherry bomb, Wall-nut,
Potato mine, Snow pea, Chomper, or Repeater
* **Night Hard Survival:** Puff-shroom, Sun-shroom, Fume-shroom, Grave
Buster, Hypno-shroom, Ice-shroom, or Doom-shroom
* **Pool Hard Survival:** Lily pad, Squash, Threepeater, Tangle kelp,
Jalepeno, Spikeweed, Torchwood, or Tall-nut
* **Fog Hard Survival:** Sea-shroom, Plantern, Cactus, Blover, Split pea,
Starfruit, Pumpkin, or Magnet-shroom
* **Roof Hard Level:** Cabbage-pult, Kernel-pult, Coffee bean, Garlic,
Umbrella leaf, or Melon-pult |
26,034 | In Plants vs Zombies, are there strategies that make it more probable to have certain plants (for your Zen Garden)?
How does the game decide which plant is given? | 2011/07/10 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/26034",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/10236/"
] | After doing some testing, it seem to be quite random. Either random between all the plant (Survival endless) or random between a row (in the adventure).
What worked best was to play the adventure however and ever. In the level that correspond to row of the plant I am going, there is reasonable probability that I will have it after getting a few. Not sure, but improve the odd over playing survival endless. | At least on the PC version of the game, if you play Hard Survival levels, you can improve your chances of getting specific plants. If you get a Zen Garden plant, it will be from a specific set plants, a list of 8 plants on most levels or 6 on Roof level. No other plant for your Zen Garden will show up on that level. The list of plants that can show up on each Hard Survival level is shown below.
* **Day Hard Survival:** Peashooter, Sunflower, Cherry bomb, Wall-nut,
Potato mine, Snow pea, Chomper, or Repeater
* **Night Hard Survival:** Puff-shroom, Sun-shroom, Fume-shroom, Grave
Buster, Hypno-shroom, Ice-shroom, or Doom-shroom
* **Pool Hard Survival:** Lily pad, Squash, Threepeater, Tangle kelp,
Jalepeno, Spikeweed, Torchwood, or Tall-nut
* **Fog Hard Survival:** Sea-shroom, Plantern, Cactus, Blover, Split pea,
Starfruit, Pumpkin, or Magnet-shroom
* **Roof Hard Level:** Cabbage-pult, Kernel-pult, Coffee bean, Garlic,
Umbrella leaf, or Melon-pult |
26,034 | In Plants vs Zombies, are there strategies that make it more probable to have certain plants (for your Zen Garden)?
How does the game decide which plant is given? | 2011/07/10 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/26034",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/10236/"
] | I'll assume you are talking about plants that you find for your zen garden (the only other option is the plants unlocked while playing the game's adventure mode, and those have a set order which never changes).
There is no way to increase the probability of receiving a certain kind of plant for your zen garden. The type of plant received is completely random.
Looking around the internet, it is said that while there is an equal chance to get all types of plants on Survival: Endless, other minigames have a higher tendency to produce plants you first unlock in the area where the minigame is played (night levels will produce more night-time plants, for example). This is not backed up by any hard evidence, however, and I can't really say I've noticed this during the countless hours my wife strived to acquire every possible plant for her garden. | Based on the comment from [Guillaume Coté](https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/26034/how-to-obtain-a-specific-plant-for-the-zen-garden/31908?noredirect=1#comment177519_31908), going to add a clear answer
Short answer: **NO**, you can't pick an **specific** plant. But there are someways to get a **specific type** of plant (aquatic, mushrooms ...)
---
I once read that: *(lost link)*
* Aquatic levels (pool) increase your chances to get aquatic plants.
* Night levels (night) increase your chances to get mushroom plants.
But the best way to get Zen Garden plants is to play Survival: Endless, as all plants can be obtained in it and it is the level with the greatest number of zombies. |
26,034 | In Plants vs Zombies, are there strategies that make it more probable to have certain plants (for your Zen Garden)?
How does the game decide which plant is given? | 2011/07/10 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/26034",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/10236/"
] | After doing some testing, it seem to be quite random. Either random between all the plant (Survival endless) or random between a row (in the adventure).
What worked best was to play the adventure however and ever. In the level that correspond to row of the plant I am going, there is reasonable probability that I will have it after getting a few. Not sure, but improve the odd over playing survival endless. | as said before water plants are in pool levels and shrooms are in night levels.you get normal plants on your lawn.in i zombie levels(in the puzzle option) when you eat the brains it might give you a plant but it gives all kinds of plants also replay whack a zombie and bust up as many graves you can and at the end other than collecting the money bag destroy all graves,its also a good way to money too :) |
26,034 | In Plants vs Zombies, are there strategies that make it more probable to have certain plants (for your Zen Garden)?
How does the game decide which plant is given? | 2011/07/10 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/26034",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/10236/"
] | I believe the game hints mention that certain types of plants only appear in certain types of boards or levels.
For aquatic plants, you need to be playing an aquatic level.
For plants for your fungus garden, you need to be playing a night level. | Based on the comment from [Guillaume Coté](https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/26034/how-to-obtain-a-specific-plant-for-the-zen-garden/31908?noredirect=1#comment177519_31908), going to add a clear answer
Short answer: **NO**, you can't pick an **specific** plant. But there are someways to get a **specific type** of plant (aquatic, mushrooms ...)
---
I once read that: *(lost link)*
* Aquatic levels (pool) increase your chances to get aquatic plants.
* Night levels (night) increase your chances to get mushroom plants.
But the best way to get Zen Garden plants is to play Survival: Endless, as all plants can be obtained in it and it is the level with the greatest number of zombies. |
26,034 | In Plants vs Zombies, are there strategies that make it more probable to have certain plants (for your Zen Garden)?
How does the game decide which plant is given? | 2011/07/10 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/26034",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/10236/"
] | I'll assume you are talking about plants that you find for your zen garden (the only other option is the plants unlocked while playing the game's adventure mode, and those have a set order which never changes).
There is no way to increase the probability of receiving a certain kind of plant for your zen garden. The type of plant received is completely random.
Looking around the internet, it is said that while there is an equal chance to get all types of plants on Survival: Endless, other minigames have a higher tendency to produce plants you first unlock in the area where the minigame is played (night levels will produce more night-time plants, for example). This is not backed up by any hard evidence, however, and I can't really say I've noticed this during the countless hours my wife strived to acquire every possible plant for her garden. | At least on the PC version of the game, if you play Hard Survival levels, you can improve your chances of getting specific plants. If you get a Zen Garden plant, it will be from a specific set plants, a list of 8 plants on most levels or 6 on Roof level. No other plant for your Zen Garden will show up on that level. The list of plants that can show up on each Hard Survival level is shown below.
* **Day Hard Survival:** Peashooter, Sunflower, Cherry bomb, Wall-nut,
Potato mine, Snow pea, Chomper, or Repeater
* **Night Hard Survival:** Puff-shroom, Sun-shroom, Fume-shroom, Grave
Buster, Hypno-shroom, Ice-shroom, or Doom-shroom
* **Pool Hard Survival:** Lily pad, Squash, Threepeater, Tangle kelp,
Jalepeno, Spikeweed, Torchwood, or Tall-nut
* **Fog Hard Survival:** Sea-shroom, Plantern, Cactus, Blover, Split pea,
Starfruit, Pumpkin, or Magnet-shroom
* **Roof Hard Level:** Cabbage-pult, Kernel-pult, Coffee bean, Garlic,
Umbrella leaf, or Melon-pult |
26,034 | In Plants vs Zombies, are there strategies that make it more probable to have certain plants (for your Zen Garden)?
How does the game decide which plant is given? | 2011/07/10 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/26034",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/10236/"
] | I believe the game hints mention that certain types of plants only appear in certain types of boards or levels.
For aquatic plants, you need to be playing an aquatic level.
For plants for your fungus garden, you need to be playing a night level. | According to the tips given by the Zen tree, yes playing certain areas increases your chances of getting certain plants. Play the pool levels to get the plants for the Zen garden aquarium plants. It increases your chances but is no guarantee you will still get the other Zen garden plants too. |
26,034 | In Plants vs Zombies, are there strategies that make it more probable to have certain plants (for your Zen Garden)?
How does the game decide which plant is given? | 2011/07/10 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/26034",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/10236/"
] | I believe the game hints mention that certain types of plants only appear in certain types of boards or levels.
For aquatic plants, you need to be playing an aquatic level.
For plants for your fungus garden, you need to be playing a night level. | as said before water plants are in pool levels and shrooms are in night levels.you get normal plants on your lawn.in i zombie levels(in the puzzle option) when you eat the brains it might give you a plant but it gives all kinds of plants also replay whack a zombie and bust up as many graves you can and at the end other than collecting the money bag destroy all graves,its also a good way to money too :) |
26,034 | In Plants vs Zombies, are there strategies that make it more probable to have certain plants (for your Zen Garden)?
How does the game decide which plant is given? | 2011/07/10 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/26034",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/10236/"
] | I'll assume you are talking about plants that you find for your zen garden (the only other option is the plants unlocked while playing the game's adventure mode, and those have a set order which never changes).
There is no way to increase the probability of receiving a certain kind of plant for your zen garden. The type of plant received is completely random.
Looking around the internet, it is said that while there is an equal chance to get all types of plants on Survival: Endless, other minigames have a higher tendency to produce plants you first unlock in the area where the minigame is played (night levels will produce more night-time plants, for example). This is not backed up by any hard evidence, however, and I can't really say I've noticed this during the countless hours my wife strived to acquire every possible plant for her garden. | I believe the game hints mention that certain types of plants only appear in certain types of boards or levels.
For aquatic plants, you need to be playing an aquatic level.
For plants for your fungus garden, you need to be playing a night level. |
26,034 | In Plants vs Zombies, are there strategies that make it more probable to have certain plants (for your Zen Garden)?
How does the game decide which plant is given? | 2011/07/10 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/26034",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/10236/"
] | I'll assume you are talking about plants that you find for your zen garden (the only other option is the plants unlocked while playing the game's adventure mode, and those have a set order which never changes).
There is no way to increase the probability of receiving a certain kind of plant for your zen garden. The type of plant received is completely random.
Looking around the internet, it is said that while there is an equal chance to get all types of plants on Survival: Endless, other minigames have a higher tendency to produce plants you first unlock in the area where the minigame is played (night levels will produce more night-time plants, for example). This is not backed up by any hard evidence, however, and I can't really say I've noticed this during the countless hours my wife strived to acquire every possible plant for her garden. | According to the tips given by the Zen tree, yes playing certain areas increases your chances of getting certain plants. Play the pool levels to get the plants for the Zen garden aquarium plants. It increases your chances but is no guarantee you will still get the other Zen garden plants too. |
582,315 | I am designing a threaded message display for a PHP/MySQL application - like comments on Slashdot or Youtube - and am wondering how I should go about ordering the comments and separating it into pages so that you can have, say, 20 comments to a page but still have them nested.
Comments in my app can be nested unlimited levels, and this structure is represented using what I believe is an Adjacency Relation table, a separate table containing a row for each pair that has any ascendent/descendent relationship. That relationship table has CHILDID, PARENTID and LEVEL where a level of 2 means "great-grandparent", and so on.
My question is one of both usability for the end user, and of practicality of constructing an efficient DB query. I have considered these options:
* Splitting results into pages by date, regardless of position in the tree, so that all comments within a certain date range will appear together even if they don't appear with their parents. Any comment which was posted at a similar time to its parent will appear on the same page and in those cases we can display them 'nested', but there will be comments that are orphaned from their parents. This is probably acceptable - it is the way things are done in YouTube comments - a comment made much later than its parent will not appear on the same page as its parent (if the parent is not on the latest page), but instead appear with the other newest comments.
* Retrieving the nodes in order like you would traverse a tree. This gives priority to the tree structure rather than the date, though siblings can still be sorted by date. The benefit to this is that replies are always placed with their parent (the comment they are in reply to) even if that parent is a number of pages from the most recent comments. This is how things are done on apps such as the icanhascheezburger blog. I don't like a few things about it, like the way that everyone is tempted to add a reply to whatever is the biggest tree branch.
* The third option is to do like Slashdot does, where it doesn't separate comments into pages, but has one big tree - in order to keep the page size manageable it starts culling low-rating comments instead.
I think the first would be the simplest DB query given my relation table but would be open to other ideas.
Some such systems, of all three kinds, limit the nesting level in some way - this is easy enough to do, once we have recursed over X levels everything else can be combined together as if they are siblings. For example, YouTube comments only render to one level. Other systems sometimes say "nesting level exceeded" after 5 or so levels. | 2009/02/24 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/582315",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/53212/"
] | I assume that the reason you want nested comments at all is because your users tend to want to read through a single thread of interest at a time. That is, you have reason to believe users will create threads of coherent chains of thought, and/or what gets discussed in one thread will interest some users but not others.
If that’s the case, I don’t know why you would ever want to arbitrarily split a thread across pages by date (Option 1). Using a single page with culling of low-rated comments (Option 3) seems a little harsh and may discourage users from posting comments. That may be a good thing if you’ve got an audience mass like SlashDot, but it may be undesirable for sites with more typical visitation rates.
Perhaps you can have something like Option 2, with all threads on the same page, but if a thread starts getting too long, it gets rolled up into a single link that takes the user to a page dedicated to that thread. Alternatively, long threads can be reduced to just display their subject lines and authors, each which in turn link to the appropriate place in a dedicated page for the thread.
I suspect the tendency for users to post irrelevant comments in the largest thread is a product of users not wanting to be bothered with scrolling around to find the end of the thread, or find a thread that’s more suitable. By automatically compacting long threads, leaving the root of all threads displayed on a single page of manageable length, users can easily scan for a thread of interest and add to it if desired. | I think what you need is storing a hierarchical data in a Database.
You should start with this articles:
[Article at sitepoint](http://www.sitepoint.com/article/hierarchical-data-database/)
[Article at MySQL's website](http://mikehillyer.com/articles/managing-hierarchical-data-in-mysql/) |
11,343 | **Edit:**
When teaching math to English only students they are often unaware that the numbers from 11 to 19 do not follow the normal rule for saying numbers. It is fun to point this out while leaning about counting in other bases. I have often used my made up words below to help students think about counting in base 16 and then it becomes clear to them that the numbers 11 to 19 are odd words. All I'm trying to do here is reach out to a group that undoubtedly knows many different languages in a hope to find some better made up words that might even come with some justification for their usage.
Here is my simplified minimum question:
Is there a single word for "16" in any language?
Is there a single word or set of words for "16\*16" or 16^2 or 256?
**Original question and background understanding of counting**
This is intended to be a fun question. I have asked it in other groups but I have never gotten a real good answer. I a scientist and not a linguist as I'm sure you will be able to tell as you read my post.
**The Question**
How do I say numbers in different bases?
Here is an example using the root words "hex" and "hexsquare" for base 16.
3C6 -> three hexsquare "C" hex six
This is similar to saying a base 10 number as
243 -> two hundred four "tee" three
**Lots of background**
I think we all agree that the concept of a number is independent of what
base we are in and how we say it in our favorite language. The names of the
numbers from {0 -> (n-1)} are arbitrary. Also there are special words for numbers that are used sometimes like score, dozen etc.
There are two ways of saying a number: 1) Read out the digits one by
one. However before this can work the two people need to agree on two
things, The order the digits will be read (little ending or big ending) and
the base. (The number 100101101001 could be in base 18 I just needed to use
ones and zeros)
2) Use our base ten words. Any number in any base can be said in our base
ten words. "A" is ten. However this requires the user to convert the
non-base 10 number to base ten to say it. (Without much work say: 3A4G8, it
is in base 17) (If you do not think we use base ten words to say numbers
try this: Write down the numbers 0 through say 20 in base 2 then say the
numbers as you point to them and you will notice that your words do not
reflect the change in the written symbols. However if you do the same with
a list of base ten numbers you will notice that your words change in step
with the changing symbols.)
It is most likely true that there is not a defined way to say numbers in
other basses in a formal way. Now as you know us scientist types are more
than happy to make up new words when we need them. So let me explain the
concept more clearly and I invite you to help me make up some words.
When you see the "(10 | 16 | n)" just read one of the items in the list. I
would suggest on the first read you read the first one, "10"
First let me explain what it means to count in a base. I'll do this in base
(10 | 16 | n). We count objects up to (9 | 15 | n-1) then when we add the
next object we say that we have 1 set of (10 | 16 | n). We set that aside
then count up to (9 | 15 | n-1) again. Then when we add in one more object
we say, we now have 2 sets of (10 | 16 | n) objects. At some point we will
get up to (9 | 15 | n-1) sets of objects and (9 | 15 | n-1) additional
individual objects. When we add one more object we will have (10 | 16 | n)
sets of (10 | 16 | n) objects which is a total of (10\*10 | 16\*16 | n\*n)
objects. We would write that number as 100 for all the bases. But remember
the number 100 represents a different about in the different bases.
When we count in base (10 | 16 | n) we need written symbols and words for
the numbers 0 to (9 | 16 | n-1). Once we get up to our first set of (10 |
16 | n) we need a word for that set.
In base ten that word sounds like "tee". So I can say the number 68 as
"six-tee-eight". This means that I have 6 groups of "tee" (10) objects and
8 individual objects. For larger numbers in base ten we have hundred so we
can say the number 352 as "three-hundred-five-tee-two". Let me write the
number more mathematically. 352 = 3\*100 + 5\*10 + 2 = 3\*10\*10 + 5\*10 + 2. In
the second one I explicitly wrote 100 as 10 groups of 10 or 10\*10. Now it
is clear how the words map to the numbers.
The 16 symbols used for base 16 are 0,1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9,a,b,c,d,e,f. It is
clear what words to use for 0-9 but what should we say for "a" through "f"?
I'm happy with just saying the letter like "a" but not ten or
"one-tee". The number after "f" in base 16 is 10. We can not call this ten!
The word we use here needs to be a word for "a set of 16". In my first post
I used the word "hex". (But this also makes me think about base 6.) In base
16 the number right after ff is 100. This is 16 sets of 16. In my first
post I used the word "hexsquare".
I'm most interested in base 16 and base 2 so I need words for:
16 ->
16\*16 ->
16\*16\*16->
etc
2->
2\*2->
2\*2\*2->
etc
Example: Lets make up some words for the base 16
16-> hex
16\*16 -> dex
16\*16\*16-> rex
Now I can say the base 16 number e42f as "e rex 4 dex 2 hex f"
I'm sure that many of you have a much better command of the language and
may be able to come up with some good words to use so I can start saying
base 16 numbers. | 2015/02/08 | [
"https://linguistics.stackexchange.com/questions/11343",
"https://linguistics.stackexchange.com",
"https://linguistics.stackexchange.com/users/8107/"
] | You first have to distinguish between actual native numbers, vs. invented ~ imposed systems. English is basically base 10, and so is Arabic, and so on, so there's a bunch of things that you can ask about how people read these base 10 number strings (the basic result is that people gravitate towards binary groups if the string is long enough). Once we meet the Monwaingi in outer space, we can investigate their base-6 numbering system. Natural / existing numbering systems are where it matters what the base is, because there is an actual acquired grammar for such systems.
You could also investigate the behavior of adults reading hex strings, though you have to mind the demographics (CS professionals may behave differently from your average lab hacker). I think you would find that people parse long-enough strings into binary pair, using the same strategy that they use for reading street addresses. (That means that 4578 is "45" "78" and not "4,578"). Digits A-F have to be read as letter pairs, so "183F" would most likely be read as "1" "83" "F", since we avoid mixing English numbers and letter name if possible. But you may find quite a number of behaviors, depending on profession and familiarity with reading hex strings. There's really no market for octal so no realistic chance of testing -- except if you can coopt a psych class instructor into providing you a bunch of undergrad subjects. People are quite unlikely to read "3C6" as "three hexsquare c hex six", rather than just "three c six" -- the latter is much simpler.
There is a (decent) sci-fi book that I read decades ago which involved some improvement of human cognition where the author went though a description of how we started slowly saying "one zero zero one..." and ended up develop a linguistic shorthand with expressions like "otter tot" -- can't remember the book. If you know what I mean, you could see what he had to say. But this is strictly science fiction / conlaning, or the stuff of psych experiments, and you can't develop a native numbering system in a psych experiment.
Notice that nobody reads 543638158741648773686798718786416875478 as "five hundred forty three undecillion six hundred thirty eight decillion....". Given the nature of human cognition, precision and comprehension are at odds. If you need to report the exact value, read the string pairwise from left to right. If you need to convey the rough magnitude, say "about half a duodecillion" and hope that your colleague knows what a duodecillion is. | So, I gather, you're not interested in describing how people say numbers. Instead, you want to tell them how they ought to say numbers. This is similar to the approach of the astronomers who recently decided that we ought not to call Pluto a planet. It is generally contrary to linguistic thought of the last century or so, and I am really not in sympathy with your effort. I've never liked being told what to do.
But try to have fun, anyway. |
34,667,854 | Before a browser can request for a webpage, A TCP connection is required to be established. What is the necessity of 3 way handshake in interacting with a server computer? why can't we simply send a web request and wait for the response?
Shouldn't the resolution of IP address be enough for this purpose?
Basically, I need to know the reason for establishing TCP connection.
thanks in advance | 2016/01/08 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/34667854",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/597858/"
] | You are using a device named A and server is named B
Host A sends a TCP SYNchronize packet to Host B
Host B receives A's SYN
Host B sends a SYNchronize-ACKnowledgement
Host A receives B's SYN-ACK
Host A sends ACKnowledge
Host B receives ACK.
TCP socket connection is ESTABLISHED.
* See more at: <http://www.inetdaemon.com/tutorials/internet/tcp/3-way_handshake.shtml#sthash.F2f4b8Xn.dpuf> | TCP provides ordering, automatic retransmission, and congestion control. I'd say these are the obvious reasons why the design adopted TCP.
In contrast, e.g. UDP is fast. There is no handshaking. But UDP packets are not ordered, also packets can get lost (no automatic retransmission), and there is no congestion control.
You can try implementing your data transferring for things like HTML in UDP. It's not easy, you still need to reinvent ordering and retransmission for reliable lossless delivery.
If you don't care about lossy or a bit out-of-order transferring then you probably don't need TCP. (e.g. real time video)
--
On the other hand, avoid TCP to get better performance is not necessarily a bad idea. Read about [QUIC](https://www.chromium.org/quic). (It also has features like loss recovery and congestion control, you should not expect it to be extremely lightweight.) |
34,667,854 | Before a browser can request for a webpage, A TCP connection is required to be established. What is the necessity of 3 way handshake in interacting with a server computer? why can't we simply send a web request and wait for the response?
Shouldn't the resolution of IP address be enough for this purpose?
Basically, I need to know the reason for establishing TCP connection.
thanks in advance | 2016/01/08 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/34667854",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/597858/"
] | You are using a device named A and server is named B
Host A sends a TCP SYNchronize packet to Host B
Host B receives A's SYN
Host B sends a SYNchronize-ACKnowledgement
Host A receives B's SYN-ACK
Host A sends ACKnowledge
Host B receives ACK.
TCP socket connection is ESTABLISHED.
* See more at: <http://www.inetdaemon.com/tutorials/internet/tcp/3-way_handshake.shtml#sthash.F2f4b8Xn.dpuf> | Because you need a TCP connection to send HTTP over, and TCP has a 3-way handshake.
>
> Basically, I need to know the reason for establishing TCP connection.
>
>
>
Because HTTP runs over TCP. It doesn't exist in a vacuum. |
34,667,854 | Before a browser can request for a webpage, A TCP connection is required to be established. What is the necessity of 3 way handshake in interacting with a server computer? why can't we simply send a web request and wait for the response?
Shouldn't the resolution of IP address be enough for this purpose?
Basically, I need to know the reason for establishing TCP connection.
thanks in advance | 2016/01/08 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/34667854",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/597858/"
] | Because you need a TCP connection to send HTTP over, and TCP has a 3-way handshake.
>
> Basically, I need to know the reason for establishing TCP connection.
>
>
>
Because HTTP runs over TCP. It doesn't exist in a vacuum. | TCP provides ordering, automatic retransmission, and congestion control. I'd say these are the obvious reasons why the design adopted TCP.
In contrast, e.g. UDP is fast. There is no handshaking. But UDP packets are not ordered, also packets can get lost (no automatic retransmission), and there is no congestion control.
You can try implementing your data transferring for things like HTML in UDP. It's not easy, you still need to reinvent ordering and retransmission for reliable lossless delivery.
If you don't care about lossy or a bit out-of-order transferring then you probably don't need TCP. (e.g. real time video)
--
On the other hand, avoid TCP to get better performance is not necessarily a bad idea. Read about [QUIC](https://www.chromium.org/quic). (It also has features like loss recovery and congestion control, you should not expect it to be extremely lightweight.) |
6,189 | Since I lack of academic formation please be tolerant if I write something not correct.
As you know the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) test is based on 4 personality dimensions (E/I, S/N, T/F, J/P) each of which can assume two possible values (I think the name is trait) for a total of 16 clusters. [link](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Myers-Briggs_Type_Indicator#Cognitive_learning_styles)
There are gender differences with regard to a number of psychological variables (see for example [gender roles](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gender_roles) and [wikipedia Sex differences in human psychology](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sex_differences_in_human_psychology)). These differences may be due to education, culture, hormonal difference and so on.
According to the stereotype, many women are more judging than men.
Does any empirical evidence show that the prevalence of Judging is higher in women compared to men? | 2014/04/09 | [
"https://cogsci.stackexchange.com/questions/6189",
"https://cogsci.stackexchange.com",
"https://cogsci.stackexchange.com/users/4425/"
] | The MBTI is widely used in applied contexts, such as for personnel selection. Nevertheless, it is hardly used in scientific research on personality because its theoretical basis questionable, because its validity is limited, and because its reliability is inferior to other established measures of personality (for a starting point to criticisms of the MBTI see McCrea & Costa, 1989 and [this earlier post](https://cogsci.stackexchange.com/questions/1402/)). For these reasons it is unlikely that you will find reliable data on gender differences in the MBTI.
However, it has been shown that the MBTI traits overlap with those of the Big Five (the most widely adopted model of personality) and gender differences with regard to the Big Five have been studied extensively.
The MBTI **Judging** dimension and its Perceiving counterpart **overlap to a large extent with the Big Five trait [conscientiousness](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conscientiousness)** (e.g., Furnham, 1996, McCrea & Costa, 1989). This is not surprising if you look at how Judging vs. Perceiving and conscientiousness are measured:
**Judging vs. Perceiving** is [measured](http://www.myersbriggs.org/my-mbti-personality-type/mbti-basics/judging-or-perceiving.htm) by having people choose between sentence pairs such as
* "I like to have things decided." vs. "I like to stay open to respond to whatever happens."
* "I like to make lists of things to do." vs. "I appear to be loose and casual. I like to keep plans to a minimum."
* "I like to get my work done before playing." vs. "I like to approach work as play or mix work and play."
* "I plan work to avoid rushing just before a deadline." vs. "I am stimulated by an approaching deadline."
Conscientiousness is [measured](http://ipip.ori.org/newNEOKey.htm) by items such as
* "I get chores done right away."
* "I carry out my plans."
* "I stick to my chosen path."
Thus, there appears to be a clear semantic overlap between the two constructs.
Are there gender differences with regard to conscientiousness? According to a large scale meta analysis (with data from more than 23.000 participants from 26 nations, Costa et al. 2001), 1. there are far more personality differences within the genders than between genders 2. **for conscientiousness there doesn't seem to be a detectable gender difference**.
**References**
Costa Jr., P., Terracciano, A., & McCrae, R. R. (2001). Gender differences in personality traits across cultures: Robust and surprising findings. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 81, 322–331. doi:10.1037/0022-3514.81.2.322
Furnham, A. (1996). The big five versus the big four: the relationship between the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator (MBTI) and NEO-PI five factor model of personality. Personality and Individual Differences, 21, 303–307. doi:10.1016/0191-8869(96)00033-5
McCrae, R. R., & Costa, P. T. (1989). Reinterpreting the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator From the Perspective of the Five-Factor Model of Personality. Journal of Personality, 57, 17–40. doi:10.1111/j.1467-6494.1989.tb00759.x | According to the following document there is a prevalence of the Judging trait most of women seems to be Judging.
>
> the stereotype that females prefer routines, plans and outlines is
> largely justified; the majority fall into the judging category. It may
> come as a surprise, however, that the majority of boys (about 52-58
> percent) are judging types as well.
>
>
>
<http://schreibendepot.wordpress.com/2007/02/23/mbti-and-gender-a-personality-divide/>
However a stronger difference, correlated to gender, from MBTI is about other traits (dimension?).
The following picture, taken from this article is interesting:
<http://www.statisticbrain.com/myers-briggs-statistics/> |
7,251,494 | I want to execute a Java class to test pieces of an Android application's functionality (from a Java Module) to read/write data to file. If I execute within the Android module, I get Stub! errors (Android SDK). If I install or emulate, it is very slow (I'm only testing a specific piece).
If I include the Android module as a Module Dependency, IntelliJ still builds the Android files and I get a Stub! error during execution. But if I only include the classes directory and mark them as Provided, I get errors when Log. is called.
Is there a way to run simple Java tests on components of an Android application (not using Activity, etc), using the Java SDK and not building Android specific files? | 2011/08/31 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/7251494",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/870840/"
] | You need to either instrument your tests and run them on a device (or emulator), or use [Roboelectric](http://pivotal.github.com/robolectric/), it provides replacements for the SDK jar stubbed classes. | While you can use Robolectric or other techniques to tests on the host JVM, it's worth noticing that this should only be used as a workaround during the development cycle to avoid long waits for the tests to run on the emulator or device and would never replace testing on the real platform as incompatibilities between **Dalvik** and **JavaSE** runtime may affect the accuracy of the tests.
Latest devices, introducing more powerful CPUs, can run the tests at a very reasonable speed in most of the cases, so probably there's no need to hunt for other solutions. |
7,251,494 | I want to execute a Java class to test pieces of an Android application's functionality (from a Java Module) to read/write data to file. If I execute within the Android module, I get Stub! errors (Android SDK). If I install or emulate, it is very slow (I'm only testing a specific piece).
If I include the Android module as a Module Dependency, IntelliJ still builds the Android files and I get a Stub! error during execution. But if I only include the classes directory and mark them as Provided, I get errors when Log. is called.
Is there a way to run simple Java tests on components of an Android application (not using Activity, etc), using the Java SDK and not building Android specific files? | 2011/08/31 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/7251494",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/870840/"
] | Seems to be fixed in later releases of IntelliJ 10 - hadn't been able to reproduce the issue | You need to either instrument your tests and run them on a device (or emulator), or use [Roboelectric](http://pivotal.github.com/robolectric/), it provides replacements for the SDK jar stubbed classes. |
7,251,494 | I want to execute a Java class to test pieces of an Android application's functionality (from a Java Module) to read/write data to file. If I execute within the Android module, I get Stub! errors (Android SDK). If I install or emulate, it is very slow (I'm only testing a specific piece).
If I include the Android module as a Module Dependency, IntelliJ still builds the Android files and I get a Stub! error during execution. But if I only include the classes directory and mark them as Provided, I get errors when Log. is called.
Is there a way to run simple Java tests on components of an Android application (not using Activity, etc), using the Java SDK and not building Android specific files? | 2011/08/31 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/7251494",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/870840/"
] | Seems to be fixed in later releases of IntelliJ 10 - hadn't been able to reproduce the issue | While you can use Robolectric or other techniques to tests on the host JVM, it's worth noticing that this should only be used as a workaround during the development cycle to avoid long waits for the tests to run on the emulator or device and would never replace testing on the real platform as incompatibilities between **Dalvik** and **JavaSE** runtime may affect the accuracy of the tests.
Latest devices, introducing more powerful CPUs, can run the tests at a very reasonable speed in most of the cases, so probably there's no need to hunt for other solutions. |
42,213 | I'm working some steel rods into small studs, the problem is that when I tighten them in my vice, they get severely bitten by the vice's jaw blocks, leaving some nasty marks in the rods. I can live with the marks, but some rods have very small flat shanks and the marks interfere with the next threading session. I'm not new in metal work and know about adding protection sheets to the jaw (aluminum, copper, etc) to avoid having the work being bitten, but I can't tighten the vice enough: I get the rod slipping, specially because the threading lubrication.
So far I tried protecting the rods: aluminum, thin sheet metal, copper, rag, paper, cardboard...sandpaper (which kinda works), but still get the rod slipping at some point.
Any suggestions/ideas/experience in how to secure the rods fair enough to thread them without the vice bite the shanks? | 2017/02/23 | [
"https://mechanics.stackexchange.com/questions/42213",
"https://mechanics.stackexchange.com",
"https://mechanics.stackexchange.com/users/19738/"
] | **Use a collet block**
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/4pdcc.jpg)
These are designed to take a collet and tighten down on a rod. It works just like collets in a lathe or the spindle on a mill. You can hold the block in a vise, install the appropriate collet, tighten it down, then get to work without damaging the stock material.
EDIT: Alternatively, use V blocks. These are less preferred because they can still damage your rod, and they only provide four point contacts instead of continuous circumferential contact, but they're also less expensive.
[](https://i.stack.imgur.com/H61zj.jpg) | sounds mad but a block hard wood drilled and split should do it, may be a sharper cutting tool with lot of reverse action as you fight it. goodluck. |
42,213 | I'm working some steel rods into small studs, the problem is that when I tighten them in my vice, they get severely bitten by the vice's jaw blocks, leaving some nasty marks in the rods. I can live with the marks, but some rods have very small flat shanks and the marks interfere with the next threading session. I'm not new in metal work and know about adding protection sheets to the jaw (aluminum, copper, etc) to avoid having the work being bitten, but I can't tighten the vice enough: I get the rod slipping, specially because the threading lubrication.
So far I tried protecting the rods: aluminum, thin sheet metal, copper, rag, paper, cardboard...sandpaper (which kinda works), but still get the rod slipping at some point.
Any suggestions/ideas/experience in how to secure the rods fair enough to thread them without the vice bite the shanks? | 2017/02/23 | [
"https://mechanics.stackexchange.com/questions/42213",
"https://mechanics.stackexchange.com",
"https://mechanics.stackexchange.com/users/19738/"
] | Have some spare length, create the first thread, then use a couple of nuts to "lock" on to the thread, cut off the damaged spare then do the second thread on a virgin section. A lot cheaper than purchasing collets etc. No disrespect to toolmakers and the precision they work to! | sounds mad but a block hard wood drilled and split should do it, may be a sharper cutting tool with lot of reverse action as you fight it. goodluck. |
25,455 | That is, what is the standard way to tell a string player to play normally again? | 2014/12/01 | [
"https://music.stackexchange.com/questions/25455",
"https://music.stackexchange.com",
"https://music.stackexchange.com/users/15511/"
] | You can use **ordinario** or **normale**:
>
> **ordinario or normale**: to bow in the ordinary or normal fashion, canceling a previous instruction to play s.p. or s.t.
> abbreviations: ord. ; norm.; N. - [source](http://www.moderncellotechniques.com/bow-techniques/ponticello-tasto/ponticello-tasto-overview/)
>
>
> | 'loco' is also used in these situations. |
107,546 | I've placed some medium and high-density roads between the ultra-pollution industrial side of the city and the medium density residential/commercial side of the city. Now my city is at a size where all those roads are filled with traffic every day. And unfortunately I also built some low density R/C zones on these east-west connectors.
How should I handle this? Add a new larger connector between them? Bulldoze the existing road and make it bigger (removing the existing infrastructure along it)? Busses? I have lots of space available still. | 2013/03/05 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/107546",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/1070/"
] | In SimCity, there are two different types of road. These are streets and avenues.
Streets are one square wide and avenues are two squares wide. All streets are the same width, so a dirt road can be upgraded to a high density street using the upgrade road tool.
In order to upgrade a street to an avenue, however, you need to destroy the old street and replace it with a larger avenue, which will remove all infrastructure that exists along the old street.
If you're in a situation where you already have the maximum capacity version of a particular style of road but don't have the space to replace it with an avenue, there are other options available. It is possible to build additional roads within the vicinity to alleviate the amount of traffic travelling down your currently over-crowded road. To do this, bring up the traffic data layer to see where all of the traffic is coming from, and build new roads that intersect the busiest streets to provide additional routes for your sims to travel down. The traffic data layer can be accessed using the 'All Data Maps' button in the bottom right of the interface, or by toggling the 'upgrade road' option.
In addition, there is the possibility of setting up mass transit. Mass transit works by building a depot (and adding additional trucks as required to increase the number of sims that can travel per day and reduce the wait time for busses) and placing stops. The region that a stop will cover is highlighted along the roads as you place the stops. For the maximum effect you will want to place stops along your busiest streets (see your data layer for traffic again) and ensure that the wait time for passengers is managed to ensure it doesn't get too high.
You can monitor wait time by bringing up the information screen for your mass transit depot, and you can monitor the amount of traffic a particular stop is attracting by bringing up the information screen for each individual stop. | If you have a tight grid with lots of intersections, the intersections themselves can slow traffic down. Removing every second road (sometimes needing to demolish buildings) can ease the business of the intersections and improve traffic congestion a bit. |
107,546 | I've placed some medium and high-density roads between the ultra-pollution industrial side of the city and the medium density residential/commercial side of the city. Now my city is at a size where all those roads are filled with traffic every day. And unfortunately I also built some low density R/C zones on these east-west connectors.
How should I handle this? Add a new larger connector between them? Bulldoze the existing road and make it bigger (removing the existing infrastructure along it)? Busses? I have lots of space available still. | 2013/03/05 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/107546",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/1070/"
] | In SimCity, there are two different types of road. These are streets and avenues.
Streets are one square wide and avenues are two squares wide. All streets are the same width, so a dirt road can be upgraded to a high density street using the upgrade road tool.
In order to upgrade a street to an avenue, however, you need to destroy the old street and replace it with a larger avenue, which will remove all infrastructure that exists along the old street.
If you're in a situation where you already have the maximum capacity version of a particular style of road but don't have the space to replace it with an avenue, there are other options available. It is possible to build additional roads within the vicinity to alleviate the amount of traffic travelling down your currently over-crowded road. To do this, bring up the traffic data layer to see where all of the traffic is coming from, and build new roads that intersect the busiest streets to provide additional routes for your sims to travel down. The traffic data layer can be accessed using the 'All Data Maps' button in the bottom right of the interface, or by toggling the 'upgrade road' option.
In addition, there is the possibility of setting up mass transit. Mass transit works by building a depot (and adding additional trucks as required to increase the number of sims that can travel per day and reduce the wait time for busses) and placing stops. The region that a stop will cover is highlighted along the roads as you place the stops. For the maximum effect you will want to place stops along your busiest streets (see your data layer for traffic again) and ensure that the wait time for passengers is managed to ensure it doesn't get too high.
You can monitor wait time by bringing up the information screen for your mass transit depot, and you can monitor the amount of traffic a particular stop is attracting by bringing up the information screen for each individual stop. | Now, with the raise and lower street tool, you can raise an avenue high enough so it makes basically makes a freeway through your city. Then, make exits onto different parts of your city. Avenues are your best chance of getting sims around. I had a problem like this in one of my cities. The streets were so crowded 24/7, that fires would start and fire trucks wouldn't get to the street in time, burning down the city as a result. |
107,546 | I've placed some medium and high-density roads between the ultra-pollution industrial side of the city and the medium density residential/commercial side of the city. Now my city is at a size where all those roads are filled with traffic every day. And unfortunately I also built some low density R/C zones on these east-west connectors.
How should I handle this? Add a new larger connector between them? Bulldoze the existing road and make it bigger (removing the existing infrastructure along it)? Busses? I have lots of space available still. | 2013/03/05 | [
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/questions/107546",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com",
"https://gaming.stackexchange.com/users/1070/"
] | If you have a tight grid with lots of intersections, the intersections themselves can slow traffic down. Removing every second road (sometimes needing to demolish buildings) can ease the business of the intersections and improve traffic congestion a bit. | Now, with the raise and lower street tool, you can raise an avenue high enough so it makes basically makes a freeway through your city. Then, make exits onto different parts of your city. Avenues are your best chance of getting sims around. I had a problem like this in one of my cities. The streets were so crowded 24/7, that fires would start and fire trucks wouldn't get to the street in time, burning down the city as a result. |
58,444 | I can't have any acid in my diet, so I need a good substitute for it for my dishes. Like lemon, orange, citric acids and vinegar. Thank you | 2015/06/22 | [
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/questions/58444",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com",
"https://cooking.stackexchange.com/users/36348/"
] | If you search for a non-acid substitute for souring the food / raising the tartness: There is no substitute. The sensation of a tart dish is caused by lowering the pH at the corresponding taste buds. [By definition](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taste#Sourness) tasting sourness is detecting an acid. | Another reason you can't replace acids is that they are involved in important *chemical* reactions. Some flavors are soluble acid but not in just water, and also acid helps deglaze pans because it's a stronger solvent than water alone. |
3,554,001 | Is it really to add Analysys Services for existing instance of SQL Server 2008 R2 Express? | 2010/08/24 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/3554001",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/429183/"
] | SQL Server 2008 R2 Express with Advanced Services just includes SQL Server Reporting Services (SSRS), not SSAS | SSAS excludes SQL Server Standard and Enterprise |
6,262,870 | In our database model we have a **Beneficiary** entity. A beneficiary can be a **physical person** or a **corporate** beneficiary; a phisical beneficiary has a number of attributes such as name, surname, sex, etc.; in addition, a beneficiary (either corporate or physical person) can either be foreign or not; this further distinction translate into different domain values for a "common" set of attributes (for example in Italy, where I live, tax ids may have a different data format than UK's tax ids).
We are now re-engineering our Beneficiary table, since the developer who initially worked on DB analysis & modeling did a (IMO) short-sighted choice. He put the primary key constraint on attribute BeneficiaryName, wich has been used to store either the Corporate name (e.g. "Microsoft Corporation") in case of Corporate beneficiary or the surname (e.g. Smith) for the physical beneficiary. This way we have the (unacceptable) constraint that we CAN'T have more than 1 beneficiary with surname "Smith" (or a corporate named "Smith") in our DB.
My approach for this "re-factoring" would introduce a generalization for the Beneficiary entity; I would
1. **Clean** Beneficiary table, keeping only common data;
2. Add a **surrogate primary key** to Beneficiary table, let's call it BeneficiaryID;
3. **Split** Beneficiary table, creating two sub-entityes (**CorporateBeneficiary** & **PhysicalBeneficiary**, discriminated by a flag in master Beneficiary table), with a 1..1 association to Beneficiary table (a foreign key will reference BeneficiaryID)
4. Find (significative) primary keys for **CorporateBeneficiary** & **PhysicalBeneficiary**;
This should address the aforementioned problem of uniqueness on BeneficiaryName. Seems ok so far?
The real problem I have is: **how can/should I handle the further complication added by "foreign" attribute in this model?** Should I leave Foreign as it tis, i.e. a flag attribute in Beneficiary? If so, how can I handle the need for different attributes' for a conceptually similar piece of information (i.e. zipcode, tax id) withoud duplicating the attributes (zipcode\_foreign, zipcode, taxid\_foreign, taxid etc.)? Should I really strive to accomodate different domain values into one field?
Any suggestion would be welcome... | 2011/06/07 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/6262870",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1393120/"
] | Accomodating different domain values in one field will replicate the type of problem you are now having with the main beneficiary table - at some point in the future. I would adopt this approach:
Amend your proposed keys in the CorporateBeneficiary/PhysicalBeneficiary table as follows:
1. Add the surrogate primary key as you suggested (BeneficiaryID)
2. Use the appropriate database or site mechanisms to generate BeneficiaryID as unique, generated value.
3. Make the primary key of CorporateBeneficiary (CB) and PhysicalBenificiary (PB) the same - ie BeneficiaryID.
4. Make the primary key of CB and PB a foreign key referencing the Beneficiary table.
Then for the foreign details adopt a similar approach:
1. Add a table per country with common columns, but referencing the appropriate domain.
2. Setup the new tables in a similar manner to CB/PB - ie as relationships to the Beneficiary table.
Then create views based on left joins to create "virtual tables" - Beneficiary/PB/Foreign detail. These views will be the basis for access to the information.
If you have very large datasets (> 10^7 rows), you may find that [my answer](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3805349/normalizing-validation-for-international-data-sets-in-a-database/4110015#4110015) to a problem of validating postal codes is of interest. This is a very long response; is not simple; and is massive overkill unless volumes are extremely large.
**EDIT**
If your data volumes are lower, the approach suggested by @James Anderson, of multiple (for eg address) lines will be perfectly appropriate. | You are thinking along the correct lines.
I would suggest you have a separate "address" table to be shared by all beneficiaries. (you are really describing a maildrop which is the same for people and companies!). But the simplest way to handle the i18n problems here is to keep it simple Line1, Line2, Line3, Line4 and country code.
I would not even go far as having a specific zip/post code as these vary from a simple 4 digits, to the British /[A-Z0-9]{2,4} [A-Z0-9]{2,4}/ or even the Irish Republic with err no post codes whatsoever (Official reasoning "Oh we don't need anything like that, we know where you live."). Additionally the conventional position for the postcode varies from country to country (UK on a line on its own at the end, CH before the city name etc. etc.), some domains follow the city,county,state patterns other places don't have states or counties or do not use them in mail addresses. |
6,262,870 | In our database model we have a **Beneficiary** entity. A beneficiary can be a **physical person** or a **corporate** beneficiary; a phisical beneficiary has a number of attributes such as name, surname, sex, etc.; in addition, a beneficiary (either corporate or physical person) can either be foreign or not; this further distinction translate into different domain values for a "common" set of attributes (for example in Italy, where I live, tax ids may have a different data format than UK's tax ids).
We are now re-engineering our Beneficiary table, since the developer who initially worked on DB analysis & modeling did a (IMO) short-sighted choice. He put the primary key constraint on attribute BeneficiaryName, wich has been used to store either the Corporate name (e.g. "Microsoft Corporation") in case of Corporate beneficiary or the surname (e.g. Smith) for the physical beneficiary. This way we have the (unacceptable) constraint that we CAN'T have more than 1 beneficiary with surname "Smith" (or a corporate named "Smith") in our DB.
My approach for this "re-factoring" would introduce a generalization for the Beneficiary entity; I would
1. **Clean** Beneficiary table, keeping only common data;
2. Add a **surrogate primary key** to Beneficiary table, let's call it BeneficiaryID;
3. **Split** Beneficiary table, creating two sub-entityes (**CorporateBeneficiary** & **PhysicalBeneficiary**, discriminated by a flag in master Beneficiary table), with a 1..1 association to Beneficiary table (a foreign key will reference BeneficiaryID)
4. Find (significative) primary keys for **CorporateBeneficiary** & **PhysicalBeneficiary**;
This should address the aforementioned problem of uniqueness on BeneficiaryName. Seems ok so far?
The real problem I have is: **how can/should I handle the further complication added by "foreign" attribute in this model?** Should I leave Foreign as it tis, i.e. a flag attribute in Beneficiary? If so, how can I handle the need for different attributes' for a conceptually similar piece of information (i.e. zipcode, tax id) withoud duplicating the attributes (zipcode\_foreign, zipcode, taxid\_foreign, taxid etc.)? Should I really strive to accomodate different domain values into one field?
Any suggestion would be welcome... | 2011/06/07 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/6262870",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1393120/"
] | "Clean Beneficiary table, keeping only common data;"
Exactly what there is to do.
"Add a surrogate primary key to Beneficiary table, let's call it BeneficiaryID;"
May be useful, but don't forget that IF there exists a "natural" identifier, then the uniqueness of this should be enforced too.
"Split Beneficiary table, creating two sub-entityes (CorporateBeneficiary & PhysicalBeneficiary"
Yup. Observe that it will be hard to enforce "absolute" data integrity (enforcing at the same time that all NaturalBeneficiaries are Beneficiaries, that all NonNaturalBeneficiaries are Beneficiaries too, and that all Beneficiaries are either Natural or NonNatural Beneficairies).
"discriminated by a flag in master Beneficiary table"
Nope. Wouldn't do that. The flag is redundant, and redundancy adds complexity without adding value. If you want to know whether a Beneficiary is Natural or NonNatural, check the table where that fact is recorded.
"Find (significative) primary keys for CorporateBeneficiary & PhysicalBeneficiary;"
If You introduce a surrogate for Benficiaries in general, you don't need to replicate the natural identifiers in these other tables. That's once again redundancy, adding complexity without adding value.
"The real problem I have is: how can/should I handle the further complication added by "foreign" attribute in this model?""
You *could* apply the same approach, distinguishing National and ExtraNational (for both Corporate and Physical Benficiaries), and that might be anything from advisable to absolutely required if data integrity is of key importance when it concerns, say, at least the National Benficiaries. For example, legislation might apply that *forces* you to verify that National SSN numbers or National corporation identifying numbers are "valid" according to the National rules. If such legislation applies, it is likely to be crucial that such rules are checked *in and by* the DBMS, not just your app. Of course for Non-Nationals, similar checks are typically nor required, or even not possible in general.
If you take such a distinction between National and Non-National into account in your database structure, you will very likely also want to create a view that "unions" the two (National and Non-National) together, and then you will have to "transform" your data to a "unified" "common" format, which will likely be just CHAR (even if you know that, say, for the National PhysicalBeneficiaries, the contents will be their SSN number which you know consists of some fixed number of digits).
If you don't have to take such a distinction between National and Non-National into account in your database structure, then you will be forced to use that same "unified" "common" format in your single table that will be holding the data for both National and Foreign. | You are thinking along the correct lines.
I would suggest you have a separate "address" table to be shared by all beneficiaries. (you are really describing a maildrop which is the same for people and companies!). But the simplest way to handle the i18n problems here is to keep it simple Line1, Line2, Line3, Line4 and country code.
I would not even go far as having a specific zip/post code as these vary from a simple 4 digits, to the British /[A-Z0-9]{2,4} [A-Z0-9]{2,4}/ or even the Irish Republic with err no post codes whatsoever (Official reasoning "Oh we don't need anything like that, we know where you live."). Additionally the conventional position for the postcode varies from country to country (UK on a line on its own at the end, CH before the city name etc. etc.), some domains follow the city,county,state patterns other places don't have states or counties or do not use them in mail addresses. |
6,262,870 | In our database model we have a **Beneficiary** entity. A beneficiary can be a **physical person** or a **corporate** beneficiary; a phisical beneficiary has a number of attributes such as name, surname, sex, etc.; in addition, a beneficiary (either corporate or physical person) can either be foreign or not; this further distinction translate into different domain values for a "common" set of attributes (for example in Italy, where I live, tax ids may have a different data format than UK's tax ids).
We are now re-engineering our Beneficiary table, since the developer who initially worked on DB analysis & modeling did a (IMO) short-sighted choice. He put the primary key constraint on attribute BeneficiaryName, wich has been used to store either the Corporate name (e.g. "Microsoft Corporation") in case of Corporate beneficiary or the surname (e.g. Smith) for the physical beneficiary. This way we have the (unacceptable) constraint that we CAN'T have more than 1 beneficiary with surname "Smith" (or a corporate named "Smith") in our DB.
My approach for this "re-factoring" would introduce a generalization for the Beneficiary entity; I would
1. **Clean** Beneficiary table, keeping only common data;
2. Add a **surrogate primary key** to Beneficiary table, let's call it BeneficiaryID;
3. **Split** Beneficiary table, creating two sub-entityes (**CorporateBeneficiary** & **PhysicalBeneficiary**, discriminated by a flag in master Beneficiary table), with a 1..1 association to Beneficiary table (a foreign key will reference BeneficiaryID)
4. Find (significative) primary keys for **CorporateBeneficiary** & **PhysicalBeneficiary**;
This should address the aforementioned problem of uniqueness on BeneficiaryName. Seems ok so far?
The real problem I have is: **how can/should I handle the further complication added by "foreign" attribute in this model?** Should I leave Foreign as it tis, i.e. a flag attribute in Beneficiary? If so, how can I handle the need for different attributes' for a conceptually similar piece of information (i.e. zipcode, tax id) withoud duplicating the attributes (zipcode\_foreign, zipcode, taxid\_foreign, taxid etc.)? Should I really strive to accomodate different domain values into one field?
Any suggestion would be welcome... | 2011/06/07 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/6262870",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1393120/"
] | You are thinking along the correct lines.
I would suggest you have a separate "address" table to be shared by all beneficiaries. (you are really describing a maildrop which is the same for people and companies!). But the simplest way to handle the i18n problems here is to keep it simple Line1, Line2, Line3, Line4 and country code.
I would not even go far as having a specific zip/post code as these vary from a simple 4 digits, to the British /[A-Z0-9]{2,4} [A-Z0-9]{2,4}/ or even the Irish Republic with err no post codes whatsoever (Official reasoning "Oh we don't need anything like that, we know where you live."). Additionally the conventional position for the postcode varies from country to country (UK on a line on its own at the end, CH before the city name etc. etc.), some domains follow the city,county,state patterns other places don't have states or counties or do not use them in mail addresses. | For generalization there are three concepts how you can design them for a database:
(explanation for 1 generalization, 2 subtypes)
---
**1. One table for all**
Here you have all attributes from generalization and subtypes in one table.
Pros:
* no JOINs, no UNIONs needed (=therefore it is often fastest possibility)
* easy and fast to get things from whole population
* easy and fast for getting things out of generalization attributes
* easy and fast for getting things out of subtypes attributes
Cons:
* table redesign when having new subtypes with new attributes
* **many** NULL values for unused attributes
* additional attribute to mark what subtype a specific record is
* (it looks like ugly design, but often it's so incredible much faster ...)
PKs/FKs: one PK, no FKs
For your example: Only one table for "Beneficiary".
---
**2. Two tables**
Only tables for subtypes. No table for generalization.
Pros:
* very easy and fast access to whole data of **one** specific subtype
* easy to add new attributes for a specific subtype
Cons:
* hard to get things from whole population (UNION = slow)
* hard to add new attributes to generalization (all tables must be altered)
PKs/FKs: every table it's own PK, no FKs
For your example: Two tables for "CorporateBeneficiary" and "PhysicalBeneficiary"
---
**3. Three tables**
Have an own table for generalization and for every subtype. (This is what you choosed.)
Pros:
* easy access to generalization attributes
* easy access to subtype attributes
* easy to add new attributes
Cons:
* expensive to get all attributes of a whole entity (JOIN = slow)
PKs/FKs:
Ideally you have one PK Sequence used by all tables. (i.e. Oracle Sequence) In the subtype-tables the pk-column is at the same time a fk-column to the generalization table.
This may be a bit complicated in DBMS where you do not have something like Oracle Sequences. There it might be necessary to have seperate pk and fk columns in the subtypes and an own PK sequence for every table. (i.e. because sequence gen is a column property)
---
Which one you choose depends on your requirements. 1.) and 3.) you will see very often where cases for 2.) are very rare and many developers do not know about this design.
Personally, when I do not have other boundary conditions I choose 3, because I find this the cleanest solution. But I also choosed option 1 in the past due to performance reasons. Cannot remember that I've done something like option 2 since university. :p |
6,262,870 | In our database model we have a **Beneficiary** entity. A beneficiary can be a **physical person** or a **corporate** beneficiary; a phisical beneficiary has a number of attributes such as name, surname, sex, etc.; in addition, a beneficiary (either corporate or physical person) can either be foreign or not; this further distinction translate into different domain values for a "common" set of attributes (for example in Italy, where I live, tax ids may have a different data format than UK's tax ids).
We are now re-engineering our Beneficiary table, since the developer who initially worked on DB analysis & modeling did a (IMO) short-sighted choice. He put the primary key constraint on attribute BeneficiaryName, wich has been used to store either the Corporate name (e.g. "Microsoft Corporation") in case of Corporate beneficiary or the surname (e.g. Smith) for the physical beneficiary. This way we have the (unacceptable) constraint that we CAN'T have more than 1 beneficiary with surname "Smith" (or a corporate named "Smith") in our DB.
My approach for this "re-factoring" would introduce a generalization for the Beneficiary entity; I would
1. **Clean** Beneficiary table, keeping only common data;
2. Add a **surrogate primary key** to Beneficiary table, let's call it BeneficiaryID;
3. **Split** Beneficiary table, creating two sub-entityes (**CorporateBeneficiary** & **PhysicalBeneficiary**, discriminated by a flag in master Beneficiary table), with a 1..1 association to Beneficiary table (a foreign key will reference BeneficiaryID)
4. Find (significative) primary keys for **CorporateBeneficiary** & **PhysicalBeneficiary**;
This should address the aforementioned problem of uniqueness on BeneficiaryName. Seems ok so far?
The real problem I have is: **how can/should I handle the further complication added by "foreign" attribute in this model?** Should I leave Foreign as it tis, i.e. a flag attribute in Beneficiary? If so, how can I handle the need for different attributes' for a conceptually similar piece of information (i.e. zipcode, tax id) withoud duplicating the attributes (zipcode\_foreign, zipcode, taxid\_foreign, taxid etc.)? Should I really strive to accomodate different domain values into one field?
Any suggestion would be welcome... | 2011/06/07 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/6262870",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1393120/"
] | "Clean Beneficiary table, keeping only common data;"
Exactly what there is to do.
"Add a surrogate primary key to Beneficiary table, let's call it BeneficiaryID;"
May be useful, but don't forget that IF there exists a "natural" identifier, then the uniqueness of this should be enforced too.
"Split Beneficiary table, creating two sub-entityes (CorporateBeneficiary & PhysicalBeneficiary"
Yup. Observe that it will be hard to enforce "absolute" data integrity (enforcing at the same time that all NaturalBeneficiaries are Beneficiaries, that all NonNaturalBeneficiaries are Beneficiaries too, and that all Beneficiaries are either Natural or NonNatural Beneficairies).
"discriminated by a flag in master Beneficiary table"
Nope. Wouldn't do that. The flag is redundant, and redundancy adds complexity without adding value. If you want to know whether a Beneficiary is Natural or NonNatural, check the table where that fact is recorded.
"Find (significative) primary keys for CorporateBeneficiary & PhysicalBeneficiary;"
If You introduce a surrogate for Benficiaries in general, you don't need to replicate the natural identifiers in these other tables. That's once again redundancy, adding complexity without adding value.
"The real problem I have is: how can/should I handle the further complication added by "foreign" attribute in this model?""
You *could* apply the same approach, distinguishing National and ExtraNational (for both Corporate and Physical Benficiaries), and that might be anything from advisable to absolutely required if data integrity is of key importance when it concerns, say, at least the National Benficiaries. For example, legislation might apply that *forces* you to verify that National SSN numbers or National corporation identifying numbers are "valid" according to the National rules. If such legislation applies, it is likely to be crucial that such rules are checked *in and by* the DBMS, not just your app. Of course for Non-Nationals, similar checks are typically nor required, or even not possible in general.
If you take such a distinction between National and Non-National into account in your database structure, you will very likely also want to create a view that "unions" the two (National and Non-National) together, and then you will have to "transform" your data to a "unified" "common" format, which will likely be just CHAR (even if you know that, say, for the National PhysicalBeneficiaries, the contents will be their SSN number which you know consists of some fixed number of digits).
If you don't have to take such a distinction between National and Non-National into account in your database structure, then you will be forced to use that same "unified" "common" format in your single table that will be holding the data for both National and Foreign. | Accomodating different domain values in one field will replicate the type of problem you are now having with the main beneficiary table - at some point in the future. I would adopt this approach:
Amend your proposed keys in the CorporateBeneficiary/PhysicalBeneficiary table as follows:
1. Add the surrogate primary key as you suggested (BeneficiaryID)
2. Use the appropriate database or site mechanisms to generate BeneficiaryID as unique, generated value.
3. Make the primary key of CorporateBeneficiary (CB) and PhysicalBenificiary (PB) the same - ie BeneficiaryID.
4. Make the primary key of CB and PB a foreign key referencing the Beneficiary table.
Then for the foreign details adopt a similar approach:
1. Add a table per country with common columns, but referencing the appropriate domain.
2. Setup the new tables in a similar manner to CB/PB - ie as relationships to the Beneficiary table.
Then create views based on left joins to create "virtual tables" - Beneficiary/PB/Foreign detail. These views will be the basis for access to the information.
If you have very large datasets (> 10^7 rows), you may find that [my answer](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3805349/normalizing-validation-for-international-data-sets-in-a-database/4110015#4110015) to a problem of validating postal codes is of interest. This is a very long response; is not simple; and is massive overkill unless volumes are extremely large.
**EDIT**
If your data volumes are lower, the approach suggested by @James Anderson, of multiple (for eg address) lines will be perfectly appropriate. |
6,262,870 | In our database model we have a **Beneficiary** entity. A beneficiary can be a **physical person** or a **corporate** beneficiary; a phisical beneficiary has a number of attributes such as name, surname, sex, etc.; in addition, a beneficiary (either corporate or physical person) can either be foreign or not; this further distinction translate into different domain values for a "common" set of attributes (for example in Italy, where I live, tax ids may have a different data format than UK's tax ids).
We are now re-engineering our Beneficiary table, since the developer who initially worked on DB analysis & modeling did a (IMO) short-sighted choice. He put the primary key constraint on attribute BeneficiaryName, wich has been used to store either the Corporate name (e.g. "Microsoft Corporation") in case of Corporate beneficiary or the surname (e.g. Smith) for the physical beneficiary. This way we have the (unacceptable) constraint that we CAN'T have more than 1 beneficiary with surname "Smith" (or a corporate named "Smith") in our DB.
My approach for this "re-factoring" would introduce a generalization for the Beneficiary entity; I would
1. **Clean** Beneficiary table, keeping only common data;
2. Add a **surrogate primary key** to Beneficiary table, let's call it BeneficiaryID;
3. **Split** Beneficiary table, creating two sub-entityes (**CorporateBeneficiary** & **PhysicalBeneficiary**, discriminated by a flag in master Beneficiary table), with a 1..1 association to Beneficiary table (a foreign key will reference BeneficiaryID)
4. Find (significative) primary keys for **CorporateBeneficiary** & **PhysicalBeneficiary**;
This should address the aforementioned problem of uniqueness on BeneficiaryName. Seems ok so far?
The real problem I have is: **how can/should I handle the further complication added by "foreign" attribute in this model?** Should I leave Foreign as it tis, i.e. a flag attribute in Beneficiary? If so, how can I handle the need for different attributes' for a conceptually similar piece of information (i.e. zipcode, tax id) withoud duplicating the attributes (zipcode\_foreign, zipcode, taxid\_foreign, taxid etc.)? Should I really strive to accomodate different domain values into one field?
Any suggestion would be welcome... | 2011/06/07 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/6262870",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1393120/"
] | Accomodating different domain values in one field will replicate the type of problem you are now having with the main beneficiary table - at some point in the future. I would adopt this approach:
Amend your proposed keys in the CorporateBeneficiary/PhysicalBeneficiary table as follows:
1. Add the surrogate primary key as you suggested (BeneficiaryID)
2. Use the appropriate database or site mechanisms to generate BeneficiaryID as unique, generated value.
3. Make the primary key of CorporateBeneficiary (CB) and PhysicalBenificiary (PB) the same - ie BeneficiaryID.
4. Make the primary key of CB and PB a foreign key referencing the Beneficiary table.
Then for the foreign details adopt a similar approach:
1. Add a table per country with common columns, but referencing the appropriate domain.
2. Setup the new tables in a similar manner to CB/PB - ie as relationships to the Beneficiary table.
Then create views based on left joins to create "virtual tables" - Beneficiary/PB/Foreign detail. These views will be the basis for access to the information.
If you have very large datasets (> 10^7 rows), you may find that [my answer](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/3805349/normalizing-validation-for-international-data-sets-in-a-database/4110015#4110015) to a problem of validating postal codes is of interest. This is a very long response; is not simple; and is massive overkill unless volumes are extremely large.
**EDIT**
If your data volumes are lower, the approach suggested by @James Anderson, of multiple (for eg address) lines will be perfectly appropriate. | For generalization there are three concepts how you can design them for a database:
(explanation for 1 generalization, 2 subtypes)
---
**1. One table for all**
Here you have all attributes from generalization and subtypes in one table.
Pros:
* no JOINs, no UNIONs needed (=therefore it is often fastest possibility)
* easy and fast to get things from whole population
* easy and fast for getting things out of generalization attributes
* easy and fast for getting things out of subtypes attributes
Cons:
* table redesign when having new subtypes with new attributes
* **many** NULL values for unused attributes
* additional attribute to mark what subtype a specific record is
* (it looks like ugly design, but often it's so incredible much faster ...)
PKs/FKs: one PK, no FKs
For your example: Only one table for "Beneficiary".
---
**2. Two tables**
Only tables for subtypes. No table for generalization.
Pros:
* very easy and fast access to whole data of **one** specific subtype
* easy to add new attributes for a specific subtype
Cons:
* hard to get things from whole population (UNION = slow)
* hard to add new attributes to generalization (all tables must be altered)
PKs/FKs: every table it's own PK, no FKs
For your example: Two tables for "CorporateBeneficiary" and "PhysicalBeneficiary"
---
**3. Three tables**
Have an own table for generalization and for every subtype. (This is what you choosed.)
Pros:
* easy access to generalization attributes
* easy access to subtype attributes
* easy to add new attributes
Cons:
* expensive to get all attributes of a whole entity (JOIN = slow)
PKs/FKs:
Ideally you have one PK Sequence used by all tables. (i.e. Oracle Sequence) In the subtype-tables the pk-column is at the same time a fk-column to the generalization table.
This may be a bit complicated in DBMS where you do not have something like Oracle Sequences. There it might be necessary to have seperate pk and fk columns in the subtypes and an own PK sequence for every table. (i.e. because sequence gen is a column property)
---
Which one you choose depends on your requirements. 1.) and 3.) you will see very often where cases for 2.) are very rare and many developers do not know about this design.
Personally, when I do not have other boundary conditions I choose 3, because I find this the cleanest solution. But I also choosed option 1 in the past due to performance reasons. Cannot remember that I've done something like option 2 since university. :p |
6,262,870 | In our database model we have a **Beneficiary** entity. A beneficiary can be a **physical person** or a **corporate** beneficiary; a phisical beneficiary has a number of attributes such as name, surname, sex, etc.; in addition, a beneficiary (either corporate or physical person) can either be foreign or not; this further distinction translate into different domain values for a "common" set of attributes (for example in Italy, where I live, tax ids may have a different data format than UK's tax ids).
We are now re-engineering our Beneficiary table, since the developer who initially worked on DB analysis & modeling did a (IMO) short-sighted choice. He put the primary key constraint on attribute BeneficiaryName, wich has been used to store either the Corporate name (e.g. "Microsoft Corporation") in case of Corporate beneficiary or the surname (e.g. Smith) for the physical beneficiary. This way we have the (unacceptable) constraint that we CAN'T have more than 1 beneficiary with surname "Smith" (or a corporate named "Smith") in our DB.
My approach for this "re-factoring" would introduce a generalization for the Beneficiary entity; I would
1. **Clean** Beneficiary table, keeping only common data;
2. Add a **surrogate primary key** to Beneficiary table, let's call it BeneficiaryID;
3. **Split** Beneficiary table, creating two sub-entityes (**CorporateBeneficiary** & **PhysicalBeneficiary**, discriminated by a flag in master Beneficiary table), with a 1..1 association to Beneficiary table (a foreign key will reference BeneficiaryID)
4. Find (significative) primary keys for **CorporateBeneficiary** & **PhysicalBeneficiary**;
This should address the aforementioned problem of uniqueness on BeneficiaryName. Seems ok so far?
The real problem I have is: **how can/should I handle the further complication added by "foreign" attribute in this model?** Should I leave Foreign as it tis, i.e. a flag attribute in Beneficiary? If so, how can I handle the need for different attributes' for a conceptually similar piece of information (i.e. zipcode, tax id) withoud duplicating the attributes (zipcode\_foreign, zipcode, taxid\_foreign, taxid etc.)? Should I really strive to accomodate different domain values into one field?
Any suggestion would be welcome... | 2011/06/07 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/6262870",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/1393120/"
] | "Clean Beneficiary table, keeping only common data;"
Exactly what there is to do.
"Add a surrogate primary key to Beneficiary table, let's call it BeneficiaryID;"
May be useful, but don't forget that IF there exists a "natural" identifier, then the uniqueness of this should be enforced too.
"Split Beneficiary table, creating two sub-entityes (CorporateBeneficiary & PhysicalBeneficiary"
Yup. Observe that it will be hard to enforce "absolute" data integrity (enforcing at the same time that all NaturalBeneficiaries are Beneficiaries, that all NonNaturalBeneficiaries are Beneficiaries too, and that all Beneficiaries are either Natural or NonNatural Beneficairies).
"discriminated by a flag in master Beneficiary table"
Nope. Wouldn't do that. The flag is redundant, and redundancy adds complexity without adding value. If you want to know whether a Beneficiary is Natural or NonNatural, check the table where that fact is recorded.
"Find (significative) primary keys for CorporateBeneficiary & PhysicalBeneficiary;"
If You introduce a surrogate for Benficiaries in general, you don't need to replicate the natural identifiers in these other tables. That's once again redundancy, adding complexity without adding value.
"The real problem I have is: how can/should I handle the further complication added by "foreign" attribute in this model?""
You *could* apply the same approach, distinguishing National and ExtraNational (for both Corporate and Physical Benficiaries), and that might be anything from advisable to absolutely required if data integrity is of key importance when it concerns, say, at least the National Benficiaries. For example, legislation might apply that *forces* you to verify that National SSN numbers or National corporation identifying numbers are "valid" according to the National rules. If such legislation applies, it is likely to be crucial that such rules are checked *in and by* the DBMS, not just your app. Of course for Non-Nationals, similar checks are typically nor required, or even not possible in general.
If you take such a distinction between National and Non-National into account in your database structure, you will very likely also want to create a view that "unions" the two (National and Non-National) together, and then you will have to "transform" your data to a "unified" "common" format, which will likely be just CHAR (even if you know that, say, for the National PhysicalBeneficiaries, the contents will be their SSN number which you know consists of some fixed number of digits).
If you don't have to take such a distinction between National and Non-National into account in your database structure, then you will be forced to use that same "unified" "common" format in your single table that will be holding the data for both National and Foreign. | For generalization there are three concepts how you can design them for a database:
(explanation for 1 generalization, 2 subtypes)
---
**1. One table for all**
Here you have all attributes from generalization and subtypes in one table.
Pros:
* no JOINs, no UNIONs needed (=therefore it is often fastest possibility)
* easy and fast to get things from whole population
* easy and fast for getting things out of generalization attributes
* easy and fast for getting things out of subtypes attributes
Cons:
* table redesign when having new subtypes with new attributes
* **many** NULL values for unused attributes
* additional attribute to mark what subtype a specific record is
* (it looks like ugly design, but often it's so incredible much faster ...)
PKs/FKs: one PK, no FKs
For your example: Only one table for "Beneficiary".
---
**2. Two tables**
Only tables for subtypes. No table for generalization.
Pros:
* very easy and fast access to whole data of **one** specific subtype
* easy to add new attributes for a specific subtype
Cons:
* hard to get things from whole population (UNION = slow)
* hard to add new attributes to generalization (all tables must be altered)
PKs/FKs: every table it's own PK, no FKs
For your example: Two tables for "CorporateBeneficiary" and "PhysicalBeneficiary"
---
**3. Three tables**
Have an own table for generalization and for every subtype. (This is what you choosed.)
Pros:
* easy access to generalization attributes
* easy access to subtype attributes
* easy to add new attributes
Cons:
* expensive to get all attributes of a whole entity (JOIN = slow)
PKs/FKs:
Ideally you have one PK Sequence used by all tables. (i.e. Oracle Sequence) In the subtype-tables the pk-column is at the same time a fk-column to the generalization table.
This may be a bit complicated in DBMS where you do not have something like Oracle Sequences. There it might be necessary to have seperate pk and fk columns in the subtypes and an own PK sequence for every table. (i.e. because sequence gen is a column property)
---
Which one you choose depends on your requirements. 1.) and 3.) you will see very often where cases for 2.) are very rare and many developers do not know about this design.
Personally, when I do not have other boundary conditions I choose 3, because I find this the cleanest solution. But I also choosed option 1 in the past due to performance reasons. Cannot remember that I've done something like option 2 since university. :p |
5,683 | Were they meant to be the same entity?
If they weren't, does this imply that Borg have distinct "hives"?
Out-of-Universe, the actresses playing the roles were all mixed up, but sounds like Paramount originally wanted the same actress implying it was the same Queen (or merely that all Queens are 'clones'?):
From <http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0860749/> (Susanna Thompson):
>
> **Trivia**: Got the role of the "Borg Queen" on Star Trek: Voyager only
> because Alice Krige (who played the role in the movie Star Trek: First
> Contact) refused to reprise her role.
>
>
> For the final episode, Susanna Thompson was not available (because of shooting *Once and Again*) so Alice Krige played the Borg Queen in the final episode.
>
>
> | 2011/09/20 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/5683",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/976/"
] | My wiew on Borg Queen is that she is not a real person but actually an avatar of Borg collective itself. An living embodiment of the whole Borg collective, put in one body. And that would explain how can there be so many Borg queens. The fact is there isn't really a Borg queen as a leader who governs all, but a living representation of the collective itself. | She said in First Contact that, the Borg before her it was just havoc and chaos, where the Borg where (running around like a chicken with its head cut off) when she was assimilated she took over and brought unity and formality to the collective. |
5,683 | Were they meant to be the same entity?
If they weren't, does this imply that Borg have distinct "hives"?
Out-of-Universe, the actresses playing the roles were all mixed up, but sounds like Paramount originally wanted the same actress implying it was the same Queen (or merely that all Queens are 'clones'?):
From <http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0860749/> (Susanna Thompson):
>
> **Trivia**: Got the role of the "Borg Queen" on Star Trek: Voyager only
> because Alice Krige (who played the role in the movie Star Trek: First
> Contact) refused to reprise her role.
>
>
> For the final episode, Susanna Thompson was not available (because of shooting *Once and Again*) so Alice Krige played the Borg Queen in the final episode.
>
>
> | 2011/09/20 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/5683",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/976/"
] | I might point out that in the movie, Picard is surprised that she was still alive. While she never appeared in the episode where he was assimilated, he mentions that her voice was always there and points out that ship and all the borg on it had been destroyed, to which she replies: "You think in such three-dimensional terms."
One could theorize that perhaps the body that speaks is not the queen, but rather that the queen itself is a pervasive "personality" that exists throughout the entire collective and that she merely employs a body, whether it be a clone or a series of similar forms on each borg ship, to be her voice and to speak and act through when she has need to.
No canon to back that up, but that's always been my theory of her. | She said in First Contact that, the Borg before her it was just havoc and chaos, where the Borg where (running around like a chicken with its head cut off) when she was assimilated she took over and brought unity and formality to the collective. |
5,683 | Were they meant to be the same entity?
If they weren't, does this imply that Borg have distinct "hives"?
Out-of-Universe, the actresses playing the roles were all mixed up, but sounds like Paramount originally wanted the same actress implying it was the same Queen (or merely that all Queens are 'clones'?):
From <http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0860749/> (Susanna Thompson):
>
> **Trivia**: Got the role of the "Borg Queen" on Star Trek: Voyager only
> because Alice Krige (who played the role in the movie Star Trek: First
> Contact) refused to reprise her role.
>
>
> For the final episode, Susanna Thompson was not available (because of shooting *Once and Again*) so Alice Krige played the Borg Queen in the final episode.
>
>
> | 2011/09/20 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/5683",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/976/"
] | IMO it seems that the Borg Queen would have a mechanical "backup" say she does die she can just replace herself through the hive drones. There's no background to confirm this just my opinion
on what just seems logical. Since nothing ever really dies in the hive. | She said in First Contact that, the Borg before her it was just havoc and chaos, where the Borg where (running around like a chicken with its head cut off) when she was assimilated she took over and brought unity and formality to the collective. |
5,683 | Were they meant to be the same entity?
If they weren't, does this imply that Borg have distinct "hives"?
Out-of-Universe, the actresses playing the roles were all mixed up, but sounds like Paramount originally wanted the same actress implying it was the same Queen (or merely that all Queens are 'clones'?):
From <http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0860749/> (Susanna Thompson):
>
> **Trivia**: Got the role of the "Borg Queen" on Star Trek: Voyager only
> because Alice Krige (who played the role in the movie Star Trek: First
> Contact) refused to reprise her role.
>
>
> For the final episode, Susanna Thompson was not available (because of shooting *Once and Again*) so Alice Krige played the Borg Queen in the final episode.
>
>
> | 2011/09/20 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/5683",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/976/"
] | I might point out that in the movie, Picard is surprised that she was still alive. While she never appeared in the episode where he was assimilated, he mentions that her voice was always there and points out that ship and all the borg on it had been destroyed, to which she replies: "You think in such three-dimensional terms."
One could theorize that perhaps the body that speaks is not the queen, but rather that the queen itself is a pervasive "personality" that exists throughout the entire collective and that she merely employs a body, whether it be a clone or a series of similar forms on each borg ship, to be her voice and to speak and act through when she has need to.
No canon to back that up, but that's always been my theory of her. | My wiew on Borg Queen is that she is not a real person but actually an avatar of Borg collective itself. An living embodiment of the whole Borg collective, put in one body. And that would explain how can there be so many Borg queens. The fact is there isn't really a Borg queen as a leader who governs all, but a living representation of the collective itself. |
5,683 | Were they meant to be the same entity?
If they weren't, does this imply that Borg have distinct "hives"?
Out-of-Universe, the actresses playing the roles were all mixed up, but sounds like Paramount originally wanted the same actress implying it was the same Queen (or merely that all Queens are 'clones'?):
From <http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0860749/> (Susanna Thompson):
>
> **Trivia**: Got the role of the "Borg Queen" on Star Trek: Voyager only
> because Alice Krige (who played the role in the movie Star Trek: First
> Contact) refused to reprise her role.
>
>
> For the final episode, Susanna Thompson was not available (because of shooting *Once and Again*) so Alice Krige played the Borg Queen in the final episode.
>
>
> | 2011/09/20 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/5683",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/976/"
] | I might point out that in the movie, Picard is surprised that she was still alive. While she never appeared in the episode where he was assimilated, he mentions that her voice was always there and points out that ship and all the borg on it had been destroyed, to which she replies: "You think in such three-dimensional terms."
One could theorize that perhaps the body that speaks is not the queen, but rather that the queen itself is a pervasive "personality" that exists throughout the entire collective and that she merely employs a body, whether it be a clone or a series of similar forms on each borg ship, to be her voice and to speak and act through when she has need to.
No canon to back that up, but that's always been my theory of her. | IMO it seems that the Borg Queen would have a mechanical "backup" say she does die she can just replace herself through the hive drones. There's no background to confirm this just my opinion
on what just seems logical. Since nothing ever really dies in the hive. |
5,683 | Were they meant to be the same entity?
If they weren't, does this imply that Borg have distinct "hives"?
Out-of-Universe, the actresses playing the roles were all mixed up, but sounds like Paramount originally wanted the same actress implying it was the same Queen (or merely that all Queens are 'clones'?):
From <http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0860749/> (Susanna Thompson):
>
> **Trivia**: Got the role of the "Borg Queen" on Star Trek: Voyager only
> because Alice Krige (who played the role in the movie Star Trek: First
> Contact) refused to reprise her role.
>
>
> For the final episode, Susanna Thompson was not available (because of shooting *Once and Again*) so Alice Krige played the Borg Queen in the final episode.
>
>
> | 2011/09/20 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/5683",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/976/"
] | I don't think this was really fully addressed in the movies or TV series, but the [memory alpha](http://en.memory-alpha.org/wiki/Borg_Queen) page seems to indicate that they are not the same physical bodies, but they might be the same personalities - the Collective simply upgraded a drone to be a new queen when the old one was killed - much like how hive insects behave.
>
> The death of a Borg Queen did not seem to affect the Collective or its hive mind. When a Borg drone died, its memories would still be within the hive mind.
>
>
> ...
>
>
> The Borg Queen that was present in 2377 was assimilated when she was a child, together with her parents.
>
>
>
As Katey points out in her comment, Krige played the Queen in both the movie and the Voyager finale. However, a different actress was used for the other appearances throughout the Voyager series.
This could also mean that they were two different Queens, and that there may be two separate Collectives (one in the Delta quadrant, and one nearer to the Federation).
Unfortunately, it does raise a problem in that the Borg Queen seen in 2378 (Voyager - Endgame) was the same physical body that had gone back in time from 2373 and been killed in 2063 (First Contact). | She said in First Contact that, the Borg before her it was just havoc and chaos, where the Borg where (running around like a chicken with its head cut off) when she was assimilated she took over and brought unity and formality to the collective. |
5,683 | Were they meant to be the same entity?
If they weren't, does this imply that Borg have distinct "hives"?
Out-of-Universe, the actresses playing the roles were all mixed up, but sounds like Paramount originally wanted the same actress implying it was the same Queen (or merely that all Queens are 'clones'?):
From <http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0860749/> (Susanna Thompson):
>
> **Trivia**: Got the role of the "Borg Queen" on Star Trek: Voyager only
> because Alice Krige (who played the role in the movie Star Trek: First
> Contact) refused to reprise her role.
>
>
> For the final episode, Susanna Thompson was not available (because of shooting *Once and Again*) so Alice Krige played the Borg Queen in the final episode.
>
>
> | 2011/09/20 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/5683",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/976/"
] | The Borg hive mind stores everything that is entered into it. Seven of Nine mentioned that even though she is no longer connected to the Borg, she will, in a way, live forever. The Borg collective is so large, even if one Borg queen body is destroyed, as long as the collective is around, she can always be downloaded into a new body later. | IMO it seems that the Borg Queen would have a mechanical "backup" say she does die she can just replace herself through the hive drones. There's no background to confirm this just my opinion
on what just seems logical. Since nothing ever really dies in the hive. |
5,683 | Were they meant to be the same entity?
If they weren't, does this imply that Borg have distinct "hives"?
Out-of-Universe, the actresses playing the roles were all mixed up, but sounds like Paramount originally wanted the same actress implying it was the same Queen (or merely that all Queens are 'clones'?):
From <http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0860749/> (Susanna Thompson):
>
> **Trivia**: Got the role of the "Borg Queen" on Star Trek: Voyager only
> because Alice Krige (who played the role in the movie Star Trek: First
> Contact) refused to reprise her role.
>
>
> For the final episode, Susanna Thompson was not available (because of shooting *Once and Again*) so Alice Krige played the Borg Queen in the final episode.
>
>
> | 2011/09/20 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/5683",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/976/"
] | I might point out that in the movie, Picard is surprised that she was still alive. While she never appeared in the episode where he was assimilated, he mentions that her voice was always there and points out that ship and all the borg on it had been destroyed, to which she replies: "You think in such three-dimensional terms."
One could theorize that perhaps the body that speaks is not the queen, but rather that the queen itself is a pervasive "personality" that exists throughout the entire collective and that she merely employs a body, whether it be a clone or a series of similar forms on each borg ship, to be her voice and to speak and act through when she has need to.
No canon to back that up, but that's always been my theory of her. | The Borg hive mind stores everything that is entered into it. Seven of Nine mentioned that even though she is no longer connected to the Borg, she will, in a way, live forever. The Borg collective is so large, even if one Borg queen body is destroyed, as long as the collective is around, she can always be downloaded into a new body later. |
5,683 | Were they meant to be the same entity?
If they weren't, does this imply that Borg have distinct "hives"?
Out-of-Universe, the actresses playing the roles were all mixed up, but sounds like Paramount originally wanted the same actress implying it was the same Queen (or merely that all Queens are 'clones'?):
From <http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0860749/> (Susanna Thompson):
>
> **Trivia**: Got the role of the "Borg Queen" on Star Trek: Voyager only
> because Alice Krige (who played the role in the movie Star Trek: First
> Contact) refused to reprise her role.
>
>
> For the final episode, Susanna Thompson was not available (because of shooting *Once and Again*) so Alice Krige played the Borg Queen in the final episode.
>
>
> | 2011/09/20 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/5683",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/976/"
] | My wiew on Borg Queen is that she is not a real person but actually an avatar of Borg collective itself. An living embodiment of the whole Borg collective, put in one body. And that would explain how can there be so many Borg queens. The fact is there isn't really a Borg queen as a leader who governs all, but a living representation of the collective itself. | IMO it seems that the Borg Queen would have a mechanical "backup" say she does die she can just replace herself through the hive drones. There's no background to confirm this just my opinion
on what just seems logical. Since nothing ever really dies in the hive. |
5,683 | Were they meant to be the same entity?
If they weren't, does this imply that Borg have distinct "hives"?
Out-of-Universe, the actresses playing the roles were all mixed up, but sounds like Paramount originally wanted the same actress implying it was the same Queen (or merely that all Queens are 'clones'?):
From <http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0860749/> (Susanna Thompson):
>
> **Trivia**: Got the role of the "Borg Queen" on Star Trek: Voyager only
> because Alice Krige (who played the role in the movie Star Trek: First
> Contact) refused to reprise her role.
>
>
> For the final episode, Susanna Thompson was not available (because of shooting *Once and Again*) so Alice Krige played the Borg Queen in the final episode.
>
>
> | 2011/09/20 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/5683",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/976/"
] | I don't think this was really fully addressed in the movies or TV series, but the [memory alpha](http://en.memory-alpha.org/wiki/Borg_Queen) page seems to indicate that they are not the same physical bodies, but they might be the same personalities - the Collective simply upgraded a drone to be a new queen when the old one was killed - much like how hive insects behave.
>
> The death of a Borg Queen did not seem to affect the Collective or its hive mind. When a Borg drone died, its memories would still be within the hive mind.
>
>
> ...
>
>
> The Borg Queen that was present in 2377 was assimilated when she was a child, together with her parents.
>
>
>
As Katey points out in her comment, Krige played the Queen in both the movie and the Voyager finale. However, a different actress was used for the other appearances throughout the Voyager series.
This could also mean that they were two different Queens, and that there may be two separate Collectives (one in the Delta quadrant, and one nearer to the Federation).
Unfortunately, it does raise a problem in that the Borg Queen seen in 2378 (Voyager - Endgame) was the same physical body that had gone back in time from 2373 and been killed in 2063 (First Contact). | My wiew on Borg Queen is that she is not a real person but actually an avatar of Borg collective itself. An living embodiment of the whole Borg collective, put in one body. And that would explain how can there be so many Borg queens. The fact is there isn't really a Borg queen as a leader who governs all, but a living representation of the collective itself. |
9,628 | I think it is not a good practice to close doors on one's face! My English is not good? It's ok. Tell me that. I'll accept it and I'll make an effort to make it better. I have let an incomplete answer because a bad educated person closed a door on my face! | 2022/01/25 | [
"https://worldbuilding.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/9628",
"https://worldbuilding.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.meta.stackexchange.com/users/86005/"
] | Closing questions off topic questions is an integral part of the stack exchange format. If closing questions didn't prevent people from answering them then the act of closing questions would be meaningless.
There isn't a system to indicate that a question has pending draft answers and in the eyes of the community moderation process if the question *as written* has issues it shouldn't receive any answers. Unfortunately this occasionally results in race conditions where you can't submit an answer to a question that was closed while composing the draft.
When you gain sufficient reputation you can see who voted to close questions. I can't remember what the rep threshold is for seeing who voted to close a question. I can tell you that it was very likely 5 regular members of the community who voted to close it. | I've had a dozen or more questions over the years closed half-way through an answer I was writing. Once or twice I even thought the answer I was writing was some of my best work.
It happens - it's a consequence of the fact that 1-5 people voted to close the question before I could finish. It's not an insult to me - they don't (and can't) know that I'm trying to pound out an answer. It's just the way a self-moderated site works.
Welcome to the club. We meet on Thursdays. |
9,628 | I think it is not a good practice to close doors on one's face! My English is not good? It's ok. Tell me that. I'll accept it and I'll make an effort to make it better. I have let an incomplete answer because a bad educated person closed a door on my face! | 2022/01/25 | [
"https://worldbuilding.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/9628",
"https://worldbuilding.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.meta.stackexchange.com/users/86005/"
] | Closing questions off topic questions is an integral part of the stack exchange format. If closing questions didn't prevent people from answering them then the act of closing questions would be meaningless.
There isn't a system to indicate that a question has pending draft answers and in the eyes of the community moderation process if the question *as written* has issues it shouldn't receive any answers. Unfortunately this occasionally results in race conditions where you can't submit an answer to a question that was closed while composing the draft.
When you gain sufficient reputation you can see who voted to close questions. I can't remember what the rep threshold is for seeing who voted to close a question. I can tell you that it was very likely 5 regular members of the community who voted to close it. | **I really agree with the asker and I *upvoted* this question.**
From many answerer's perspective, also mine, topics get closed too quickly on WB imho, even for first answers. Sometimes there's long answers, because of the subject. These take time. When starting research and answer, why would you take 1-2 close votes into account ? You may disagree.. but suddenly, it's getting 20:00 PM European time and the topic gets closed, because some new peer-mod folks come online and start their reviews. Close-Close-Close and the three votes arrive before you can finish. I recognize the situation.. and the *frustration*..
The reason given is often "they have to edit" but I don't see many openers do that. I tried a few times myself, with peer mod privs, to "salvage" a topic. But it is difficult to be on time. The opener.. just flies by again 12 hours later and finds his/her topic closed.
Most times, when answerers put a protest, we'll get the reply *"you don't answer questions that need to be closed"* but.. at first, it wasn't closed.. and when you have invested 1-2 hours in an answer (that happens), it's difficult to acknowledge that there is *any* reason your submit will bounce!
My proposal would be: ease up. Don't go rush rush with these reviews. And enter the question list first, don't go review right away. Read questions that interest you, answer them. Then do the reviews. I skip most, actually. If something is unanswerable, don't worry, few answers will follow. If something is off topic for WB, the answers can still remain *on topic*, close it next day.
And please give more advice.. also to 500+ points askers.. the rules here are complicated. Try to comment in a positive way, without attacking the opener's intent, with words like "fishing" and "misconception", like it happens now. That will not motivate to go editing a question. *Explain* to the opener, why a vote to close is set and promise you will reverse it on a good edit. Sometimes I see topics without any comment explaining the close vote. Users don't even know who closed or why.
Let's have some more respect, too. Not everyone knows what "unanswerable" is, or the "book test". Someone asking about a hypothetical subject, without any science or reality tags, should not be bothered with "opinion based", or "single answer" or "fact-based" general SE constraints. As long as the (single) question - and its answers - help finding *scientifically plausible* explanations for the reader, it should be allowed on SE/WB, imho.
**Suppose we would want 100% SE-compliant quality..**
If SE wants to avoid these frustrations on SE/WB.. be compliant [to SE culture](https://stackoverflow.blog/2010/09/29/good-subjective-bad-subjective/?_ga=2.171167656.92693083.1638304628-995428532.1603487676) around subjective questions, you'd have to comply to rules like *"Stack Exchange is about questions with objective, factual answers. "*..
If you really want to impose that, change the forum software to let the opener choose between science-based, hard-science and reality-check tags. One of these tags is obligatory.. and questions *and* answers should comply to it. It would reduce the audience, reduce the scope, and eliminate 40-50 other tags. There are no science-based merfolk, or science-based dragons, or science-based FTL, or science based life on neutron stars. All these questions can be closed immediately. |
9,628 | I think it is not a good practice to close doors on one's face! My English is not good? It's ok. Tell me that. I'll accept it and I'll make an effort to make it better. I have let an incomplete answer because a bad educated person closed a door on my face! | 2022/01/25 | [
"https://worldbuilding.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/9628",
"https://worldbuilding.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.meta.stackexchange.com/users/86005/"
] | Closing questions off topic questions is an integral part of the stack exchange format. If closing questions didn't prevent people from answering them then the act of closing questions would be meaningless.
There isn't a system to indicate that a question has pending draft answers and in the eyes of the community moderation process if the question *as written* has issues it shouldn't receive any answers. Unfortunately this occasionally results in race conditions where you can't submit an answer to a question that was closed while composing the draft.
When you gain sufficient reputation you can see who voted to close questions. I can't remember what the rep threshold is for seeing who voted to close a question. I can tell you that it was very likely 5 regular members of the community who voted to close it. | Let's keep in mind that only around [7% of closed questions get reopened](https://worldbuilding.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/9609/2021-a-year-in-moderation), it is always safer to never be the first to answer, wait a few hours and see how it goes, just to save your own time and mental sanity.
Alternativelly, re ask the question yourself and answer it yourself.
There are internet websites and applications that allow you to go back in time and recover all your lost material, but generelly just going back to the previous page will save all that you have written.
Like now, if I send this post then press ''back page'' button, it will automatically bring me to the edit section.
Another stragegy is to not write the answer directly on this website, write it somewhere else then copy paste it, I juggest visual studio because it is black screened and it counts your lines, it also saves the file even if your computer crashes without you saving it. |
9,628 | I think it is not a good practice to close doors on one's face! My English is not good? It's ok. Tell me that. I'll accept it and I'll make an effort to make it better. I have let an incomplete answer because a bad educated person closed a door on my face! | 2022/01/25 | [
"https://worldbuilding.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/9628",
"https://worldbuilding.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.meta.stackexchange.com/users/86005/"
] | I've had a dozen or more questions over the years closed half-way through an answer I was writing. Once or twice I even thought the answer I was writing was some of my best work.
It happens - it's a consequence of the fact that 1-5 people voted to close the question before I could finish. It's not an insult to me - they don't (and can't) know that I'm trying to pound out an answer. It's just the way a self-moderated site works.
Welcome to the club. We meet on Thursdays. | **I really agree with the asker and I *upvoted* this question.**
From many answerer's perspective, also mine, topics get closed too quickly on WB imho, even for first answers. Sometimes there's long answers, because of the subject. These take time. When starting research and answer, why would you take 1-2 close votes into account ? You may disagree.. but suddenly, it's getting 20:00 PM European time and the topic gets closed, because some new peer-mod folks come online and start their reviews. Close-Close-Close and the three votes arrive before you can finish. I recognize the situation.. and the *frustration*..
The reason given is often "they have to edit" but I don't see many openers do that. I tried a few times myself, with peer mod privs, to "salvage" a topic. But it is difficult to be on time. The opener.. just flies by again 12 hours later and finds his/her topic closed.
Most times, when answerers put a protest, we'll get the reply *"you don't answer questions that need to be closed"* but.. at first, it wasn't closed.. and when you have invested 1-2 hours in an answer (that happens), it's difficult to acknowledge that there is *any* reason your submit will bounce!
My proposal would be: ease up. Don't go rush rush with these reviews. And enter the question list first, don't go review right away. Read questions that interest you, answer them. Then do the reviews. I skip most, actually. If something is unanswerable, don't worry, few answers will follow. If something is off topic for WB, the answers can still remain *on topic*, close it next day.
And please give more advice.. also to 500+ points askers.. the rules here are complicated. Try to comment in a positive way, without attacking the opener's intent, with words like "fishing" and "misconception", like it happens now. That will not motivate to go editing a question. *Explain* to the opener, why a vote to close is set and promise you will reverse it on a good edit. Sometimes I see topics without any comment explaining the close vote. Users don't even know who closed or why.
Let's have some more respect, too. Not everyone knows what "unanswerable" is, or the "book test". Someone asking about a hypothetical subject, without any science or reality tags, should not be bothered with "opinion based", or "single answer" or "fact-based" general SE constraints. As long as the (single) question - and its answers - help finding *scientifically plausible* explanations for the reader, it should be allowed on SE/WB, imho.
**Suppose we would want 100% SE-compliant quality..**
If SE wants to avoid these frustrations on SE/WB.. be compliant [to SE culture](https://stackoverflow.blog/2010/09/29/good-subjective-bad-subjective/?_ga=2.171167656.92693083.1638304628-995428532.1603487676) around subjective questions, you'd have to comply to rules like *"Stack Exchange is about questions with objective, factual answers. "*..
If you really want to impose that, change the forum software to let the opener choose between science-based, hard-science and reality-check tags. One of these tags is obligatory.. and questions *and* answers should comply to it. It would reduce the audience, reduce the scope, and eliminate 40-50 other tags. There are no science-based merfolk, or science-based dragons, or science-based FTL, or science based life on neutron stars. All these questions can be closed immediately. |
9,628 | I think it is not a good practice to close doors on one's face! My English is not good? It's ok. Tell me that. I'll accept it and I'll make an effort to make it better. I have let an incomplete answer because a bad educated person closed a door on my face! | 2022/01/25 | [
"https://worldbuilding.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/9628",
"https://worldbuilding.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.meta.stackexchange.com/users/86005/"
] | I've had a dozen or more questions over the years closed half-way through an answer I was writing. Once or twice I even thought the answer I was writing was some of my best work.
It happens - it's a consequence of the fact that 1-5 people voted to close the question before I could finish. It's not an insult to me - they don't (and can't) know that I'm trying to pound out an answer. It's just the way a self-moderated site works.
Welcome to the club. We meet on Thursdays. | Let's keep in mind that only around [7% of closed questions get reopened](https://worldbuilding.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/9609/2021-a-year-in-moderation), it is always safer to never be the first to answer, wait a few hours and see how it goes, just to save your own time and mental sanity.
Alternativelly, re ask the question yourself and answer it yourself.
There are internet websites and applications that allow you to go back in time and recover all your lost material, but generelly just going back to the previous page will save all that you have written.
Like now, if I send this post then press ''back page'' button, it will automatically bring me to the edit section.
Another stragegy is to not write the answer directly on this website, write it somewhere else then copy paste it, I juggest visual studio because it is black screened and it counts your lines, it also saves the file even if your computer crashes without you saving it. |
9,628 | I think it is not a good practice to close doors on one's face! My English is not good? It's ok. Tell me that. I'll accept it and I'll make an effort to make it better. I have let an incomplete answer because a bad educated person closed a door on my face! | 2022/01/25 | [
"https://worldbuilding.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/9628",
"https://worldbuilding.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://worldbuilding.meta.stackexchange.com/users/86005/"
] | Let's keep in mind that only around [7% of closed questions get reopened](https://worldbuilding.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/9609/2021-a-year-in-moderation), it is always safer to never be the first to answer, wait a few hours and see how it goes, just to save your own time and mental sanity.
Alternativelly, re ask the question yourself and answer it yourself.
There are internet websites and applications that allow you to go back in time and recover all your lost material, but generelly just going back to the previous page will save all that you have written.
Like now, if I send this post then press ''back page'' button, it will automatically bring me to the edit section.
Another stragegy is to not write the answer directly on this website, write it somewhere else then copy paste it, I juggest visual studio because it is black screened and it counts your lines, it also saves the file even if your computer crashes without you saving it. | **I really agree with the asker and I *upvoted* this question.**
From many answerer's perspective, also mine, topics get closed too quickly on WB imho, even for first answers. Sometimes there's long answers, because of the subject. These take time. When starting research and answer, why would you take 1-2 close votes into account ? You may disagree.. but suddenly, it's getting 20:00 PM European time and the topic gets closed, because some new peer-mod folks come online and start their reviews. Close-Close-Close and the three votes arrive before you can finish. I recognize the situation.. and the *frustration*..
The reason given is often "they have to edit" but I don't see many openers do that. I tried a few times myself, with peer mod privs, to "salvage" a topic. But it is difficult to be on time. The opener.. just flies by again 12 hours later and finds his/her topic closed.
Most times, when answerers put a protest, we'll get the reply *"you don't answer questions that need to be closed"* but.. at first, it wasn't closed.. and when you have invested 1-2 hours in an answer (that happens), it's difficult to acknowledge that there is *any* reason your submit will bounce!
My proposal would be: ease up. Don't go rush rush with these reviews. And enter the question list first, don't go review right away. Read questions that interest you, answer them. Then do the reviews. I skip most, actually. If something is unanswerable, don't worry, few answers will follow. If something is off topic for WB, the answers can still remain *on topic*, close it next day.
And please give more advice.. also to 500+ points askers.. the rules here are complicated. Try to comment in a positive way, without attacking the opener's intent, with words like "fishing" and "misconception", like it happens now. That will not motivate to go editing a question. *Explain* to the opener, why a vote to close is set and promise you will reverse it on a good edit. Sometimes I see topics without any comment explaining the close vote. Users don't even know who closed or why.
Let's have some more respect, too. Not everyone knows what "unanswerable" is, or the "book test". Someone asking about a hypothetical subject, without any science or reality tags, should not be bothered with "opinion based", or "single answer" or "fact-based" general SE constraints. As long as the (single) question - and its answers - help finding *scientifically plausible* explanations for the reader, it should be allowed on SE/WB, imho.
**Suppose we would want 100% SE-compliant quality..**
If SE wants to avoid these frustrations on SE/WB.. be compliant [to SE culture](https://stackoverflow.blog/2010/09/29/good-subjective-bad-subjective/?_ga=2.171167656.92693083.1638304628-995428532.1603487676) around subjective questions, you'd have to comply to rules like *"Stack Exchange is about questions with objective, factual answers. "*..
If you really want to impose that, change the forum software to let the opener choose between science-based, hard-science and reality-check tags. One of these tags is obligatory.. and questions *and* answers should comply to it. It would reduce the audience, reduce the scope, and eliminate 40-50 other tags. There are no science-based merfolk, or science-based dragons, or science-based FTL, or science based life on neutron stars. All these questions can be closed immediately. |
134,847 | My name in my Japanese passport is different to the one in my philippine passport. I’m going to Japan this June. I’m really worried because if i were to show only my Philippine passport in the immigration booth when departing in the philippines they will ask for a Japanese visa while if I were to show only my Japanese passport, they might think I overstay in the Philippines and maybe ask me to pay for that. On the other hand, if I were to show both, I’m afraid they might question me and in worst case not let me in my flight. | 2019/03/30 | [
"https://travel.stackexchange.com/questions/134847",
"https://travel.stackexchange.com",
"https://travel.stackexchange.com/users/94313/"
] | You will need to show a passport on three or four occasions.
1. On check-in. Here, the agent has to confirm that you meet the requirements to be admitted to Japan and that you are the person on the booking. You want to show the agent your Japanese passport as it confirms you are eligible to enter Japan in the easiest way possible. (In case the romanisation of your name does not match your ticket, you may have to present additional ID with the spelling as on your ticket.) No need for the Filipino passport.
2. On exiting the Philippines you would want to show your Filipino passport. As a non-Filipino, I am not aware of any exit requirements that may or may not exist; I hope you have your research done. The inspector’s job is not to check whether you are admittable to Japan but only whether you may exit the Philippines. Normally, I expect this procedure to be very rapid. Note that you can typically board *any* international flight after passing immigration so why should they suspect you’re going to Japan without a visa? Certainly Filipino citizens can go somewhere without a visa.
3. (Potentially optional) Boarding the plane, you might need to present proof that you are still the same person holding the same ID document that matches your name on the boarding pass. This shouldn’t be more than a quick visual check.
4. On entering Japan, you could again have come from a number of different (visa-free) destinations on your Japanese passport. So have it ready and show it to the immigration officer. No need for the Filipino one.
When on the return trip (if applicable), continue showing the Japanese passport to Japanese officers and the Filipino one to Filipino officers, except definitely show the check-in agent your Filipino one. | The Philippine authorities are responsible for enforcing *their* country's immigration rules, not Japan's. Since you're a citizen of their country they should not have a problem with you leaving.
(Actually I seem to vaguely recall that Philippine authorities *do* have a problem with some of their citizens traveling abroad, in particular young women. That doesn't have anything to do with names in passports, and I'll assume you have researched if you need an exit visa).
As for having different names in the two passports, is it quite well known that Japanese uses a different script from the Latin script used in English or Filipino. Japanese authorities therefore have their own ideas about how to legally write their citizen's names, and there may not be even approximate round-trip identity when they render the Japanese name in Latin script in their passports. So anyone who doubts the Japanese passport it yours should be verifying you by the photo and physical description, date and place of birth, etc. |
21,555 | Let me start by saying that I am not a GIS expert nor a cartographer , and my knowledge of GIS is limited to the quasi-null professional training I had as an architect.
My question here was triggered by [another question I have asked on stackoverflow regarding the use of Google maps API.](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/9644452/verify-if-a-point-is-land-or-water-in-google-maps)
My problem is this : I am making a web-app or a website, where I need to generate quasi random points on the surface of the earth.
Those points however , should be , like pointed on the SURFACE of the earth as intended in SOLID surface . (e.g. not in the middle of the ocean or deep inside a lake)
In shorts - I need to be able to "separate" the bodies of water from the solid surface .
I am a fairly okay programmer for web-technologies, especially PHP - so generating points (nodes) was a 1-minute job , but verifying that they are "accessible" points to humans without a floating vehicle was another issue.
I will be able to exclude coordinates from the generated array - but where can I get this info ?
Is such information (like worldwide bodies-of-water including seas oceans lakes) available as coordinates ? as boundaries ?
Does anyone here knows how to use the data from Google-maps for this purpose ? like I said in the original question - they obviously have this data (the bodies of water are blue) - but can users separate those layers ?
I have from previous works a fairly okay resolution (for my purpose) of vector world map - But I have no Idea how to use it to generate even approximation coordinates ..
Please remember that I am not a GIS expert , so If you use any technical terms , Please try to explain them like you would explain to your 2-years-old neighbor´s kid .
Any help as to how to approach this will be more than appreciated. | 2012/03/11 | [
"https://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/21555",
"https://gis.stackexchange.com",
"https://gis.stackexchange.com/users/6321/"
] | I am not sure how to extract this information from GoogleMaps about water bodies.
Check this link though: <http://www.epa.gov/waters/data/downloads.html>
Once you have this information, i.e. shapefiles with landclasses, then you can check for your point being in a polygon (say a polygon with class 'water'). A python code to check for this is like 25-30 lines. Several algos exist, which you can check or I can provide this detail too if you want. You can optimize the algorithm for larger dataset and for real time check.
Cheers
N | You may test the [google elevation API](https://developers.google.com/maps/documentation/elevation/): A request for a location [on the sea](http://maps.google.com/maps?q=43.2961,5.3333&hl=fr&ll=43.295699,5.332232&spn=0.017148,0.038581&sll=43.296324,5.332532&sspn=0.017148,0.038581&t=h&z=15) will return [a negative elevation value](http://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/elevation/json?locations=43.2961,5.3333&sensor=false), while [another on the plain old ground](http://maps.google.com/maps?q=43.2840,5.3708&hl=fr&ll=43.284001,5.370791&spn=0.008576,0.01929&sll=43.283735,5.371714&sspn=0.008576,0.01929&t=h&z=16) will return [a positive elevation value](http://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/elevation/json?locations=43.2840,5.3708&sensor=false).
If the number of points you need to test remains small enough, you should not exceed [the quota](https://developers.google.com/maps/documentation/elevation/#Limits). The use of [paths](https://developers.google.com/maps/documentation/elevation/#Paths) may help solving this limitation. |
21,555 | Let me start by saying that I am not a GIS expert nor a cartographer , and my knowledge of GIS is limited to the quasi-null professional training I had as an architect.
My question here was triggered by [another question I have asked on stackoverflow regarding the use of Google maps API.](https://stackoverflow.com/questions/9644452/verify-if-a-point-is-land-or-water-in-google-maps)
My problem is this : I am making a web-app or a website, where I need to generate quasi random points on the surface of the earth.
Those points however , should be , like pointed on the SURFACE of the earth as intended in SOLID surface . (e.g. not in the middle of the ocean or deep inside a lake)
In shorts - I need to be able to "separate" the bodies of water from the solid surface .
I am a fairly okay programmer for web-technologies, especially PHP - so generating points (nodes) was a 1-minute job , but verifying that they are "accessible" points to humans without a floating vehicle was another issue.
I will be able to exclude coordinates from the generated array - but where can I get this info ?
Is such information (like worldwide bodies-of-water including seas oceans lakes) available as coordinates ? as boundaries ?
Does anyone here knows how to use the data from Google-maps for this purpose ? like I said in the original question - they obviously have this data (the bodies of water are blue) - but can users separate those layers ?
I have from previous works a fairly okay resolution (for my purpose) of vector world map - But I have no Idea how to use it to generate even approximation coordinates ..
Please remember that I am not a GIS expert , so If you use any technical terms , Please try to explain them like you would explain to your 2-years-old neighbor´s kid .
Any help as to how to approach this will be more than appreciated. | 2012/03/11 | [
"https://gis.stackexchange.com/questions/21555",
"https://gis.stackexchange.com",
"https://gis.stackexchange.com/users/6321/"
] | You could try to extract something from a web mapping service (preferably OpenStreetMap). There are pre-existing polygons for water available [here](http://openstreetmapdata.com/data/water-polygons).
Alternately, you could try connecting a raster land-cover dataset. There is the GLCF 250m [MODIS water mask](http://glcf.umiacs.umd.edu/data/watermask/), free with acknowledgement, and the [GLOBCover 300m dataset](http://bioval.jrc.ec.europa.eu/products/glc2000/products.php) free for noncommercial purposes.
EDIT: And a [NASA-produced](https://lpdaac.usgs.gov/products/modis_products_table/land_water_mask_derived/land_water_mask_derived/mod44w) MODIS water mask that should be in the public domain.
PS, a hidden pitfall: Ensure that your quasi-random points are projection-based rather than based on random latitude and longitude. The areas near the poles beyond 80 degrees in latitude constitute about 1.5% of the Earth's surface, but a random latitude-longitude pairing will place 11.1% of the points in those areas. | You may test the [google elevation API](https://developers.google.com/maps/documentation/elevation/): A request for a location [on the sea](http://maps.google.com/maps?q=43.2961,5.3333&hl=fr&ll=43.295699,5.332232&spn=0.017148,0.038581&sll=43.296324,5.332532&sspn=0.017148,0.038581&t=h&z=15) will return [a negative elevation value](http://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/elevation/json?locations=43.2961,5.3333&sensor=false), while [another on the plain old ground](http://maps.google.com/maps?q=43.2840,5.3708&hl=fr&ll=43.284001,5.370791&spn=0.008576,0.01929&sll=43.283735,5.371714&sspn=0.008576,0.01929&t=h&z=16) will return [a positive elevation value](http://maps.googleapis.com/maps/api/elevation/json?locations=43.2840,5.3708&sensor=false).
If the number of points you need to test remains small enough, you should not exceed [the quota](https://developers.google.com/maps/documentation/elevation/#Limits). The use of [paths](https://developers.google.com/maps/documentation/elevation/#Paths) may help solving this limitation. |
90,059 | I've been told that I am to be a team lead of an upcoming project. I've not ever been team lead before but the responsibilities are what you would typically expect, with revolving door of 3 to 4 other developers through the 8 or 9 months it takes to complete the project.
My problem is this: one of the developers who will no doubt be working on this project will be a problem. He has more experience than me, has called me an idiot several times in the past, and has told me that he has taken this job because he is a natural leader. He has expected to be promoted to a leadership position with every new project (which has not happened to date), and even once told me that I was to report to him, even though the actual team lead was under no such illusion. Moreover, I've both observed and heard from others that he is extremely unprofessional (watches non-work videos at client sites - with no head phones, dresses unprofessionally, comes to work late, makes inappropriate jokes, etc.) He took or attempted to take credit for my work or insights multiple times while I worked with him as a peer. My current team lead told me that she threw out 1/2 of this guy's code once he left her project because the quality was no good. I could go on.
My fear is that this guy will actively work against me, because he will resent having to report to someone that he considers an inferior, especially since I have been given this opportunity before him. I've successfully dealt with this type of personality as a peer or even reporting to managers like this in the past. I've not dealt with, or ever thought about, having to deal with this type of character who is reporting to me.
My question is: what kind of strategies can I use to effectively and professionally deal with this? Especially now, before it has become a problem, is there any way to cut it off before it gets out of hand etc. If anyone has a similar experience how did they deal with it? | 2011/07/06 | [
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/90059",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/users/2260/"
] | Your behavior will need to be, in this case, **entirely professional**. While team lead, you should refrain from any non-professional conduct involving this person so that they will only see you in an authoritative light. This means no discussions about sports, video games, etc. that are considered casual and will put you on a *peer* level with the others. This can be tough, especially if you've been peers with your new underlings up to this point, but it is *essential* for new leaders that have been thrust into such a position. You will be able to return to these intimate behaviors later, but early on it is important that you differentiate yourself.
Early in the project, you will need to establish your authority. Give very clear and direct *orders* for this person to fulfill, and in such a way that there is no ambiguity about your direction or intent - this person will either submit and all will be fine, or they will balk and you will have an open-and-shut case of insubordination to bring to your superiors as to why this worker is unfit for the position.
There can be ***no*** backing down. The moment you give in, you will have lost all credibility and authority with not only the problem employee, but the rest of the team as well.
**Edit** *(incorporating Kevin's comment)*
**Be sure to keep impeccable documentation**. Its tempting to give orders orally in meetings, but even if you do, you should follow those up with an email (which should be CC'd to relevant parties) or a task in your project management system that enumerates your expectations for that particular task. This is best practice anyway, but it has the side benefit of providing a complete and undeniable paper trail that you have been properly communicating with your underlings.
**Edit** *(due to mass confusion)*
My point about casual discussions (ie: sports, video games, etc.) needs to be taken with a grain of salt. I'm not suggesting that you shut down all non-work interaction with your office mates entirely, nor that you shun them when they try to discuss such things with you. Rather, such interactions need to shift into an appropriate supervisor-employee role, at the very least until your underlings have ***adjusted to you in that particular role***. | most answers i see, i think, focus on the wrong problem.
i can't help but think that the OP is disillusioned, this is only half the story
leadership is hard, i can't help but wonder that if i was in the poster's shoes, the situation never would have evolved to the point that a peer disrespects me
developers don't "report" to the tech lead, they report to managers, "tech lead" (in the sense of the guy who knows the most on a team of 6 devs) doesn't get asigned on healthy team, a healthy team organically self-organizes and people naturally grow into ownership of functionality. that teams often don't self-organize is a culture problem at some bigcos for various off-topic reasons, see jurgen apello's writings (noop.nl) for further reading |
90,059 | I've been told that I am to be a team lead of an upcoming project. I've not ever been team lead before but the responsibilities are what you would typically expect, with revolving door of 3 to 4 other developers through the 8 or 9 months it takes to complete the project.
My problem is this: one of the developers who will no doubt be working on this project will be a problem. He has more experience than me, has called me an idiot several times in the past, and has told me that he has taken this job because he is a natural leader. He has expected to be promoted to a leadership position with every new project (which has not happened to date), and even once told me that I was to report to him, even though the actual team lead was under no such illusion. Moreover, I've both observed and heard from others that he is extremely unprofessional (watches non-work videos at client sites - with no head phones, dresses unprofessionally, comes to work late, makes inappropriate jokes, etc.) He took or attempted to take credit for my work or insights multiple times while I worked with him as a peer. My current team lead told me that she threw out 1/2 of this guy's code once he left her project because the quality was no good. I could go on.
My fear is that this guy will actively work against me, because he will resent having to report to someone that he considers an inferior, especially since I have been given this opportunity before him. I've successfully dealt with this type of personality as a peer or even reporting to managers like this in the past. I've not dealt with, or ever thought about, having to deal with this type of character who is reporting to me.
My question is: what kind of strategies can I use to effectively and professionally deal with this? Especially now, before it has become a problem, is there any way to cut it off before it gets out of hand etc. If anyone has a similar experience how did they deal with it? | 2011/07/06 | [
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/90059",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/users/2260/"
] | You are in a tough spot, because if this guy wasn't fired yet then he either has political importance or you work for an organization that will never fire people for performance.
Pray it is the latter, that is much easier to deal with. Politically important troublemakers like that can ruin you despite ALL of your best efforts to be professional, cover your *\**, and document EVERYTHING. I have seen it happen. The paper trail means nothing when politics are involved.
**Be Professional -** Don't try to be friends with anybody on the team. Act as if you are on a mission the entire time and do not show favoritism.
**Protect yourself/Document EVERYTHING -** Don't make silly mistakes, you are being watched. The sharks are attracted to blood in the water. Also make sure that you fully document all decisions, email trails, discussions and team consensus. When you get dinged on something you will want to pull up that email from 6 months ago. | While I very much like both Pierre 303 and Jarrod's answers, I would also suggest keeping track of his code submissions.
If you are a strong lead, you *may* be able to mentor him into being a successful teammate. Sometimes being straightforward with him and actually *tell* him what others have said behind his back (finding the most politically correct way of course, without mentioning anything along the lines of "well so and so said this about you") may open his eyes and make him either 1) look for help in correcting his ways, or 2) look for work elsewhere.
However, if all good intentions fail, then keeping track of his submissions (you *are* using version control I hope?) will give you clear indications of his intentions. If he's obviously trying to sabotage your project, approach him about it. If he continues or denies it, bring your proof to upper management. Sometimes bad apples just have to be thrown out to allow a project to thrive. |
90,059 | I've been told that I am to be a team lead of an upcoming project. I've not ever been team lead before but the responsibilities are what you would typically expect, with revolving door of 3 to 4 other developers through the 8 or 9 months it takes to complete the project.
My problem is this: one of the developers who will no doubt be working on this project will be a problem. He has more experience than me, has called me an idiot several times in the past, and has told me that he has taken this job because he is a natural leader. He has expected to be promoted to a leadership position with every new project (which has not happened to date), and even once told me that I was to report to him, even though the actual team lead was under no such illusion. Moreover, I've both observed and heard from others that he is extremely unprofessional (watches non-work videos at client sites - with no head phones, dresses unprofessionally, comes to work late, makes inappropriate jokes, etc.) He took or attempted to take credit for my work or insights multiple times while I worked with him as a peer. My current team lead told me that she threw out 1/2 of this guy's code once he left her project because the quality was no good. I could go on.
My fear is that this guy will actively work against me, because he will resent having to report to someone that he considers an inferior, especially since I have been given this opportunity before him. I've successfully dealt with this type of personality as a peer or even reporting to managers like this in the past. I've not dealt with, or ever thought about, having to deal with this type of character who is reporting to me.
My question is: what kind of strategies can I use to effectively and professionally deal with this? Especially now, before it has become a problem, is there any way to cut it off before it gets out of hand etc. If anyone has a similar experience how did they deal with it? | 2011/07/06 | [
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/90059",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/users/2260/"
] | Most answers here are focused on accountability, which in my mind is setting the person up for failure, or at least there is an assumption that the person will fail. All may very well be the case in the end, but I do not think that entering into a situation presuming failure will create an atmosphere in which success is likely.
To Joel's point - remember first and foremost that the person is human. Do as he suggests: consider the person, their state of mind, and their needs before taking action one way or another. What Joel underscores is that management is never prescriptive - there is no *single* way to manage people, or even a person. So yes, consider the person you are managing, before you manage them.
But also consider the situation they are in. You may find for example that a person who performs exceedingly well in one context, might perform poorly in another, and in this case vice versa. The fact that this person does not perform well (in a professional or social context) does not mean they *can't* perform well, just not well under the circumstances.
So, consider their state of mind, and consider the circumstances they are in -- circumstances mind you that might have been around for a very long time. The key in my mind is how can you help this person be and feel successful? Success, no matter how small, will boost confidence and probably have other positive effects as well.
To make them successful, perhaps what you can do is ask more directly what you can do to help. Perhaps it is running interference with other managers, perhaps it is getting the person out of meetings, perhaps they just need help finding and staying in their zone. Or perhaps they don't know what they need. In that case, it is your job to guide them. They might be resistant. Focus first on giving them small tasks that they can accomplish and for which you can give very specific direction. This might feel like micromanaging, but believe it or not, there is a time and a place. This might be it. When they succeed, praise them. Recognize them in front of their peers. Send an email to your manager and cc them. Make them feel valued. As their confidence picks up, slowly back off on the praise and direction you give them.
Perhaps an analogy could be drawn to learning how to ride a bike, or how to snowboard for the first time. If you are left to teach yourself, it is quite likely that one bad fall, or a series of them will produce a feeling that you can't do it. That you are incapable. You might never say that out loud, but what you will do is direct a lot of anger at the equipment and the people around you. In order to learn how to obtain those skills however, you eventually need to receive instruction in the form of very specific, very rudimentary advice. A good teacher will take you back to square one, help you center yourself, help you reset what you have learned thus far, and then take you through the process of learning again, but more slowly. They will praise you a lot. Eventually you will be able to do by yourself, and when that happens, they will instruct you less and praise you less, because your success in learning will be motivation enough. As you succeed you will be less angry, and so on and so on. You can see how this works right?
Interestingly, and not to abuse the metaphor, you can see how if after you have achieved mastery at snow boarding, someone comes to you and asks you to ski, the process of frustration and anger can start all over again. Why? Because you find yourself in a new situation that requires skills you don't have yet. In comes the instructor to help put you on the right path again.
So my advice? Be patient, consider the person and their needs, and manage to the situation as much as you do to the person. | The best approach is **isolation**. Assign most mission critical parts of the project to core team, leaving the rest for him. You can even come up with some useless feature idea, just to keep him ocupied. If he produces bad code, you will produce bug reports/cleanup requests. Just make sure that whatever he does has very little affect on the rest of the system. Yet somehow, you must convince him, that what he does is extremally important and you will fail if he won't deliver quality code.
This may seem like a total manpower waste, but surprisingly is quite contrary. The problem is that such person not only isn't helping. He is also producing turmoil/problems or killing productivity in other ways. If you won't isolate him, your team and your project will suffer. |
90,059 | I've been told that I am to be a team lead of an upcoming project. I've not ever been team lead before but the responsibilities are what you would typically expect, with revolving door of 3 to 4 other developers through the 8 or 9 months it takes to complete the project.
My problem is this: one of the developers who will no doubt be working on this project will be a problem. He has more experience than me, has called me an idiot several times in the past, and has told me that he has taken this job because he is a natural leader. He has expected to be promoted to a leadership position with every new project (which has not happened to date), and even once told me that I was to report to him, even though the actual team lead was under no such illusion. Moreover, I've both observed and heard from others that he is extremely unprofessional (watches non-work videos at client sites - with no head phones, dresses unprofessionally, comes to work late, makes inappropriate jokes, etc.) He took or attempted to take credit for my work or insights multiple times while I worked with him as a peer. My current team lead told me that she threw out 1/2 of this guy's code once he left her project because the quality was no good. I could go on.
My fear is that this guy will actively work against me, because he will resent having to report to someone that he considers an inferior, especially since I have been given this opportunity before him. I've successfully dealt with this type of personality as a peer or even reporting to managers like this in the past. I've not dealt with, or ever thought about, having to deal with this type of character who is reporting to me.
My question is: what kind of strategies can I use to effectively and professionally deal with this? Especially now, before it has become a problem, is there any way to cut it off before it gets out of hand etc. If anyone has a similar experience how did they deal with it? | 2011/07/06 | [
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/90059",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/users/2260/"
] | I agree with Joel, all the answers are on the same frequency, everyone is giving suggestions as peers, not as managers.
Before dwelling in the human side of the problem, I think there's a meta-question you have to answer yourself.
As the leader of the team, your responsibility is for the team to deliver, on time, on budget.
The meta-question to be answered is, you wanna do it with this guy, let's name him Dick, or without him?
**You wanna make it with Dick**
This will make you sweat...
* You need to understand what motivates him
* Need to give him tasks suited to his skills
* You will understand what skills are missing, and coach him on those
* You will spend a lot of time arguing and positioning, which may damage your position as leader in the eyes of others.
* If it doesn't work at the end, the team will lose.
* If it does work at the end, your energy will be drained, but there's joy in helping someone be a little bit better.
If you have the time and the energy, take the path of the enlightenment, you are made from the battles you fight, not from the battles you win. Risk losing.
**You wanna make it without Dick**
This I call, damage control mode...
* You won't put Dick on the critical path
* Dick won't have sole ownership of any piece of the project
* The priority is to keep the guy busy and the project moving, not to keep him happy, not to keep you safe.
* You will need to prevent Dick from undermining the morale of the team:
+ Recognize loud and clear the good performers.
+ Make everyone to understand the deliverable of everybody.
Because life's too short to work with Dicks.
Only you know if it's worth it.
There is an alternative path if you have someone in your team who does get along with Dick, you may proxy through her.
My two cents. | most answers i see, i think, focus on the wrong problem.
i can't help but think that the OP is disillusioned, this is only half the story
leadership is hard, i can't help but wonder that if i was in the poster's shoes, the situation never would have evolved to the point that a peer disrespects me
developers don't "report" to the tech lead, they report to managers, "tech lead" (in the sense of the guy who knows the most on a team of 6 devs) doesn't get asigned on healthy team, a healthy team organically self-organizes and people naturally grow into ownership of functionality. that teams often don't self-organize is a culture problem at some bigcos for various off-topic reasons, see jurgen apello's writings (noop.nl) for further reading |
90,059 | I've been told that I am to be a team lead of an upcoming project. I've not ever been team lead before but the responsibilities are what you would typically expect, with revolving door of 3 to 4 other developers through the 8 or 9 months it takes to complete the project.
My problem is this: one of the developers who will no doubt be working on this project will be a problem. He has more experience than me, has called me an idiot several times in the past, and has told me that he has taken this job because he is a natural leader. He has expected to be promoted to a leadership position with every new project (which has not happened to date), and even once told me that I was to report to him, even though the actual team lead was under no such illusion. Moreover, I've both observed and heard from others that he is extremely unprofessional (watches non-work videos at client sites - with no head phones, dresses unprofessionally, comes to work late, makes inappropriate jokes, etc.) He took or attempted to take credit for my work or insights multiple times while I worked with him as a peer. My current team lead told me that she threw out 1/2 of this guy's code once he left her project because the quality was no good. I could go on.
My fear is that this guy will actively work against me, because he will resent having to report to someone that he considers an inferior, especially since I have been given this opportunity before him. I've successfully dealt with this type of personality as a peer or even reporting to managers like this in the past. I've not dealt with, or ever thought about, having to deal with this type of character who is reporting to me.
My question is: what kind of strategies can I use to effectively and professionally deal with this? Especially now, before it has become a problem, is there any way to cut it off before it gets out of hand etc. If anyone has a similar experience how did they deal with it? | 2011/07/06 | [
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/90059",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/users/2260/"
] | The other answers I'm seeing here ("short leash!", "document everything!", "be professional!") are nice and all, and they're superficially correct, but they fall short in that they fail to consider the human aspect of the situation.
The thing is, everyone is a human, and humans are different, and their motivations and thought-processes and skills are all different. And while the somewhat algorithmic answers I'm seeing here are technically correct, they do not seem to take into account the nature of the way that human beings work and the nature of what *true* management can be.
**You can't begin to solve someone's problem until you understand them.** Which means, understanding their motivations. Which is why, in fact, good people management can be a lot more like psychoanalysis than you'd think.
Here's an example of how the thought process might go.
* Joe thinks he should be leader because he has more experience than me, but he's delusional.
OK, what does that tell us? Is Joe unusually concerned about status? Is he bothered by the lack of respect? Does he chafe at being called Joe instead of DOCTOR Joe in recognition by his PhD? Where is this insecurity coming from? How can you address it?
* Joe's code is not very good. Half of his code had to be thrown out.
Why? How? Is he sloppy? Rushed? Just not very smart? Is he cocky, thinking his code is awesome? Why? Is this that insecurity again?
* Joe is unprofessional and watches videos at the client site.
Again... why? Is it because he thinks he's a rock star, and should be indulged for wearing hoodies and watching collegehumor videos because his work is sooooo amazing? Or is it because he is not very self-aware, and does not realize the image he is portraying? Does he genuinely not GET what it means to be professional, or is he actively rebelling against the idea of professionalism? I'm not sure. The answer is there to be found.
How do you manage this?
Again, you start looking at the human/emotional problems, and address them as such. One thing I'm sensing strongly from the description you've provided is *insecurity*. It seems like Joe may be genuinely insecure, and he's hiding behind a veneer of arrogance. Where does that come from? Maybe he didn't go to a highly selective university? Maybe he's a VB developer in a world of C++ developers?
I don't know, you didn't tell me. I'm not even sure if insecurity is the issue here, because I don't know this guy. But bear with me for a bit--I just want you to see what it means to look at the *human* issues of management, not the superficial, "how do I enforce my will on this guy" issues of management.
So where would this lead us? Suppose you think about it, you have a few long conversations with Joe, and you decide that he is feeling insecure about something. How can you make him feel more comfortable? Will that make him happier and better adjusted? Maybe he needs some specific training to be great at something. Maybe he needs to pair program with someone who can encourage him. Maybe he needs to feel more loved. Actually, that last one is almost always true.
I've dealt with a lot of difficult management solutions, and the answer has always differed dramatically depending on the individual. A lot of times, they can't be fixed. But as a manager, you have to understand the individual as a human before you can start thinking about fixing them and fixing the situation and acting correctly in the situation in order to get the best outcomes.
So, here's what I recommend you actually do as a course of action.
1. Meet with his peers and former managers. Have a conversation that tries to get to the heart of what his human/emotional problems are. Is he immature? Just generally unintelligent? Unhappy? Depressed? Insecure? Arrogant? Emotionally unintelligent? All of those are different diagnoses for the real cause of the problem and all of them have different prescriptions.
2. Talk to him personally and privately, at length. Let him do most of the talking. Ask open questions. A good one is "How did that make you feel?" It uncovers a surprising amount of stuff. You would be shocked to learn how much better I got at managing human beings when I learned to ask people "How did that make you feel?"
3. Form a hypothesis of the root causes of his issues. Pick a course of action based on what you think the core problem is.
4. It may work. It may not. If it doesn't, that's too bad, but life is too short, and you're not paid to solve his problems, only the company's problems, so follow whatever advice you see elsewhere in this thread to get rid of him.
Once again, and I apologize for going on soooo long here: the other answers I'm seeing here are mostly summarized as "You need to be very strict." Well, being strict works well in one situation and one situation only: an emotionally immature person. If, indeed, his problem is emotional immaturity, that's the way to go. If his problem is depression caused by a cycle of learned helplessness, strictness will have the exact OPPOSITE effect than the one you want. Life, and management, and people, is just not that simple. There are many "diseases" that make a person be a bad employee and each one has it's own medicines. Some of them have cures. Some don't. | Your behavior will need to be, in this case, **entirely professional**. While team lead, you should refrain from any non-professional conduct involving this person so that they will only see you in an authoritative light. This means no discussions about sports, video games, etc. that are considered casual and will put you on a *peer* level with the others. This can be tough, especially if you've been peers with your new underlings up to this point, but it is *essential* for new leaders that have been thrust into such a position. You will be able to return to these intimate behaviors later, but early on it is important that you differentiate yourself.
Early in the project, you will need to establish your authority. Give very clear and direct *orders* for this person to fulfill, and in such a way that there is no ambiguity about your direction or intent - this person will either submit and all will be fine, or they will balk and you will have an open-and-shut case of insubordination to bring to your superiors as to why this worker is unfit for the position.
There can be ***no*** backing down. The moment you give in, you will have lost all credibility and authority with not only the problem employee, but the rest of the team as well.
**Edit** *(incorporating Kevin's comment)*
**Be sure to keep impeccable documentation**. Its tempting to give orders orally in meetings, but even if you do, you should follow those up with an email (which should be CC'd to relevant parties) or a task in your project management system that enumerates your expectations for that particular task. This is best practice anyway, but it has the side benefit of providing a complete and undeniable paper trail that you have been properly communicating with your underlings.
**Edit** *(due to mass confusion)*
My point about casual discussions (ie: sports, video games, etc.) needs to be taken with a grain of salt. I'm not suggesting that you shut down all non-work interaction with your office mates entirely, nor that you shun them when they try to discuss such things with you. Rather, such interactions need to shift into an appropriate supervisor-employee role, at the very least until your underlings have ***adjusted to you in that particular role***. |
90,059 | I've been told that I am to be a team lead of an upcoming project. I've not ever been team lead before but the responsibilities are what you would typically expect, with revolving door of 3 to 4 other developers through the 8 or 9 months it takes to complete the project.
My problem is this: one of the developers who will no doubt be working on this project will be a problem. He has more experience than me, has called me an idiot several times in the past, and has told me that he has taken this job because he is a natural leader. He has expected to be promoted to a leadership position with every new project (which has not happened to date), and even once told me that I was to report to him, even though the actual team lead was under no such illusion. Moreover, I've both observed and heard from others that he is extremely unprofessional (watches non-work videos at client sites - with no head phones, dresses unprofessionally, comes to work late, makes inappropriate jokes, etc.) He took or attempted to take credit for my work or insights multiple times while I worked with him as a peer. My current team lead told me that she threw out 1/2 of this guy's code once he left her project because the quality was no good. I could go on.
My fear is that this guy will actively work against me, because he will resent having to report to someone that he considers an inferior, especially since I have been given this opportunity before him. I've successfully dealt with this type of personality as a peer or even reporting to managers like this in the past. I've not dealt with, or ever thought about, having to deal with this type of character who is reporting to me.
My question is: what kind of strategies can I use to effectively and professionally deal with this? Especially now, before it has become a problem, is there any way to cut it off before it gets out of hand etc. If anyone has a similar experience how did they deal with it? | 2011/07/06 | [
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/90059",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/users/2260/"
] | Some good answers here but for me there's a fundamental issue that nobody has addressed: you've decided what this guy is going to be like on your project before it's even started; you're judging him on something he hasn't done yet. While it's very much worth having a strategy for dealing with problems you might encounter with him in your back pocket, it's ESSENTIAL that you give him a fair chance and treat him the same way you do the rest of the team. Don't single him out, don't assume it's going to be a disaster, do think positive.
If you convince yourself that your project is doomed to failure, whether it's because this guy is on the team or for any other reason, then you can pretty much guarantee that it will indeed fail. For a project to succeed you have to believe it is going to, you have to believe in yourself and you have to believe, and trust, in your team. Above all you have to be fair. | I have also seen this type of job. Some people have extra talent and obviously have risen to a high position, but you have to remember that he is older than you.
So respect him. But never forget you are the team leader and you have to manage your team. You have to maintain a proper understanding between team .//// and go on. |
90,059 | I've been told that I am to be a team lead of an upcoming project. I've not ever been team lead before but the responsibilities are what you would typically expect, with revolving door of 3 to 4 other developers through the 8 or 9 months it takes to complete the project.
My problem is this: one of the developers who will no doubt be working on this project will be a problem. He has more experience than me, has called me an idiot several times in the past, and has told me that he has taken this job because he is a natural leader. He has expected to be promoted to a leadership position with every new project (which has not happened to date), and even once told me that I was to report to him, even though the actual team lead was under no such illusion. Moreover, I've both observed and heard from others that he is extremely unprofessional (watches non-work videos at client sites - with no head phones, dresses unprofessionally, comes to work late, makes inappropriate jokes, etc.) He took or attempted to take credit for my work or insights multiple times while I worked with him as a peer. My current team lead told me that she threw out 1/2 of this guy's code once he left her project because the quality was no good. I could go on.
My fear is that this guy will actively work against me, because he will resent having to report to someone that he considers an inferior, especially since I have been given this opportunity before him. I've successfully dealt with this type of personality as a peer or even reporting to managers like this in the past. I've not dealt with, or ever thought about, having to deal with this type of character who is reporting to me.
My question is: what kind of strategies can I use to effectively and professionally deal with this? Especially now, before it has become a problem, is there any way to cut it off before it gets out of hand etc. If anyone has a similar experience how did they deal with it? | 2011/07/06 | [
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/90059",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/users/2260/"
] | I've been in the same situation many times, and the most effective method I know is **removing him from the team**. No serious company can afford conflicts in teams. According your description, he is not a team player.
If you really need to keep him, here is what I suggest (this apply to any team member):
* Don't consider him differently than the other team members. One of the biggest mistake is to consider him differently. This works particularly well with arrogant developers.
* When he makes you feel uncomfortable, angry, anxious, excited, [put any emotion here], remember that every thought you will have at that time will be biased by the emotion. It's better to wait for the emotion to disappear before analyzing and making decisions.
* When a conflict arises, try to take him in a face 2 face meeting. Don't do anything in front of the team.
* Listen to him *actively*, by asking *many* questions. Seek to understand him before trying to be understood.
* Ensure that decisions are made by the team with him included. His opinion should be as important as other team members opinion.
* When you are wrong, accept it. Sometimes, he will be right, like anybody.
* Be genuinely interested by him. This usually *unlock* difficult people. He must understand you are not a threat, but an ally. | **You need a Mediator / Judge**
(from a Soft. Dev. plus H.R. / psychology guy)
You cannot solve this problem by yourself. Whatever you do, "its already out of your hands", you require a person higher on your company with more authority.
I have seen several cases like that. That employee won't follow your guidelines, it doesn't consider you as "the boss".
Besides, even if he is right, and he should be given that job position, he must understand it wasn't your decision who is going to be the project manager.
In theory, it should be someone from Human Resources, but, in practice H.R. people try to be too much nice, so better find an admin. with negotiations skills, otherwise that guy will break your project. |
90,059 | I've been told that I am to be a team lead of an upcoming project. I've not ever been team lead before but the responsibilities are what you would typically expect, with revolving door of 3 to 4 other developers through the 8 or 9 months it takes to complete the project.
My problem is this: one of the developers who will no doubt be working on this project will be a problem. He has more experience than me, has called me an idiot several times in the past, and has told me that he has taken this job because he is a natural leader. He has expected to be promoted to a leadership position with every new project (which has not happened to date), and even once told me that I was to report to him, even though the actual team lead was under no such illusion. Moreover, I've both observed and heard from others that he is extremely unprofessional (watches non-work videos at client sites - with no head phones, dresses unprofessionally, comes to work late, makes inappropriate jokes, etc.) He took or attempted to take credit for my work or insights multiple times while I worked with him as a peer. My current team lead told me that she threw out 1/2 of this guy's code once he left her project because the quality was no good. I could go on.
My fear is that this guy will actively work against me, because he will resent having to report to someone that he considers an inferior, especially since I have been given this opportunity before him. I've successfully dealt with this type of personality as a peer or even reporting to managers like this in the past. I've not dealt with, or ever thought about, having to deal with this type of character who is reporting to me.
My question is: what kind of strategies can I use to effectively and professionally deal with this? Especially now, before it has become a problem, is there any way to cut it off before it gets out of hand etc. If anyone has a similar experience how did they deal with it? | 2011/07/06 | [
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/90059",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/users/2260/"
] | Remember that human relationships trump just about everything when it comes to human interactions. People behave irrationally, but they respond to their own emotions. You can use that to your own advantage -- not by being manipulative, but by being responsive (almost the same thing, i know, but the difference is in how it makes people feel).
First of all, **document everything** -- all instructions, all responses, all interactions. Don't make a big deal about it, and don't include make the record look subjective. You want to be able to show it to anyone without making them feel defensive.
**Find out what people want**, and use that help them take appropriate action. Find out what your uncooperative co-worker would like out out of the project; what the picture of an ideal environment is in his head. Once you know what he wants, you may be able to tailor the working environment to accommodate it without disturbing everyone else. Often just asking someone what they want is enough to change their attitude.
**Don't invoke your authority if you don't want a fight**. Don't give an ultimatum unless you want them to be resentful. Don't back someone into a corner unless you want them to snap at you. Sometimes you want someone to get angry and leave, but that's not usually the optimal outcome. You're "in charge", which means you're responsible for setting the team's direction. But don't use that as a club to beat others down and then expect them to help you. In the end, you have to make the decisions, but you're better off making them feel like it was their idea.
For most people, being in charge is a means to an end, and not the goal. They want to be in charge so that they can have what they want. But if they can get what they want without the responsiblity of being in charge, then they'll gladly work for someone else. **Helping someone want what they have is just as good has helping them have what they want.**
And finally, if someone is a poor fit for your team, then they shouldn't be on the team. If they don't have the skills for the task at hand, then get them off your team. | I find a lot of the answers very cautious.
Remember *you* are responsible for your career no one else is. This means that by agreeing to work with this person you are saying that you are accepting this assignment and responsibility and that you will be able to manage the project (and this person) to its fruition.
If you don't think you can do it, then don't accept that responsibility: have him assigned to another project, or ask that they give you a leadership position on another project.
I know your question is about "how to deal with this person", but based on what you are writing it sounds to me that he is not worth any effort, you'll be busy enough proving yourself in this new leadership position. |
90,059 | I've been told that I am to be a team lead of an upcoming project. I've not ever been team lead before but the responsibilities are what you would typically expect, with revolving door of 3 to 4 other developers through the 8 or 9 months it takes to complete the project.
My problem is this: one of the developers who will no doubt be working on this project will be a problem. He has more experience than me, has called me an idiot several times in the past, and has told me that he has taken this job because he is a natural leader. He has expected to be promoted to a leadership position with every new project (which has not happened to date), and even once told me that I was to report to him, even though the actual team lead was under no such illusion. Moreover, I've both observed and heard from others that he is extremely unprofessional (watches non-work videos at client sites - with no head phones, dresses unprofessionally, comes to work late, makes inappropriate jokes, etc.) He took or attempted to take credit for my work or insights multiple times while I worked with him as a peer. My current team lead told me that she threw out 1/2 of this guy's code once he left her project because the quality was no good. I could go on.
My fear is that this guy will actively work against me, because he will resent having to report to someone that he considers an inferior, especially since I have been given this opportunity before him. I've successfully dealt with this type of personality as a peer or even reporting to managers like this in the past. I've not dealt with, or ever thought about, having to deal with this type of character who is reporting to me.
My question is: what kind of strategies can I use to effectively and professionally deal with this? Especially now, before it has become a problem, is there any way to cut it off before it gets out of hand etc. If anyone has a similar experience how did they deal with it? | 2011/07/06 | [
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/90059",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/users/2260/"
] | Let's see... some good answers have already covered a few on my list:
* **Be professional** - a no brainer anyway, but avoid, at all costs, judgement calls about your potential problem employee. If you really need to vent, ask your *boss* for the opportunity to talk through the issue, don't ever let his problem or your problem impact how *you* interact with your team.
* **Be direct** - give work, expectations and deadlines. Involve him as much as you would any other employee and stay willing to listen to ideas - but make sure you are impeccably direct. I think one the tricks with problem people is that it's easy to say "do X task by Y date" but there's another set of elements of *how* you want the work to be done - how much bragging? how much testing? how much is due diligence vs. over engineering?
+ Sadly, this will also have to include being direct about his behavior (dress code, watching non-work videos, off color humor) - as his day to day manager it is not just your right, it is your duty to help the rest of the team survive this guy, and that means setting the expectations point blank.
+ Being direct also means calling him on bad behavior when it's happening. You are actually in a good position as you already know some of his problems, so you can be on alert when he repeats previous problems. The best time to halt a behavior is when it's happening.
+ And - being direct also means giving feedback on work - when you review his code (which you should do with some regularity) and find that you'll need to throw out 50% of it, then his job needs to change from writing new code to fixing code to meet your expectations. Not your *minimum* expectations, either, the expectations you have for everyone. And that doesn't mean a delay in deadlines - if this is something that should have been done right the first time, then he needs to do the work and keep on schedule.
* **Keep records** - Personally, I like the giving tasking via in person conversation, since it (usually) reduces tension and improves shared understanding. But there's no harm in leaving the meeting and following up with a friendly email reminder to everyone. The best part is that once it goes through email, it goes through whatever corporate email scrutiny and backup processes you have, which means it's part of a more legal record.
* **Remember - you own team health as well as the technical solution** - A lot of the behaviors you've pointed out are problems that can be counter to a healthy happy team. One of the things to think about as you work on this problem is that you are not just the owner of the technical solution, but also the productivity of the team while they build the solution. It can often be hard when you think about going head to head with someone - as if the situation is innately adversarial. I've often made much better headway when I think of the problem behaviors as something that is hurting the whole team - then I can look for ways to change the context and isolate the problems so that I don't have to go head to head with someone - instead I can develop a team that is so healthy that it fights the "virus" in its midst. Probably my biggest guidance here is work on overall team trust - if the rest of the team trusts you (and vice versa) it will be very hard for the bad behaviors to get much play or to do your group much harm.
* **do have 1 on 1s** - not just with your problem guy, but also with other people on the team. IMO, team meetings are for status that everyone needs to hear, and problem solving. 1 on 1s are for the things no one wants to get into in public - what's going well, what's going bad? What does a given employee want most of the job? What's missing? What's great? This is a good way to build a healthy team, and also a good way to address problems 1 on 1.
That's all the really good for all purposes advice. Here's the way more political and harsher underside of management:
**Know the blame lines**
What *exactly* is the direct chain of command that says whether this guy stays or goes in the company. In other words - who gets the blame for a problem person remaining a problem that the company is paying for? With the first line of technical leadership, you cannot automatically assume that the blame line involves *you* - for several of my first leadership situations, I was *not* the person who approved vacation time, raises, bonuses, employee evaluations or disciplinary action. Often on short technical projects that responsibility can fall on a bigger section manager and not on the day to day technical lead. Know this guy's blame line. Get to know at least 2 tiers of those individuals - develop a collaborative relationship where you are checking in about the more trivial day to day stuff, so you already have a point of trust if you need to bring in problems.
**Learn the company's employee evaluation process**
Most importantly - is it you that will be the frontline reviewer of this process? If not, who do you give feedback to, and why isn't it you? But also - what ratings and guidance has this guy received in the past? I'll bet ya that he's already gotten some pointed feedback about his behavior in the past, and most companies keep records on this. Get the records, know what he's been told.
One of the roughest parts of engineering management is that due to the speed of projects, there is sometimes no longevity of management, so a problem person can get bumped around between managers and each switch is a chance to revert to old behaviors. You don't have to keep this a secret - if you end up leading him, you can sit him down and say point blank - "I checked up on previous evaluations, and I know you're working on improving X, Y, and Z - I expect you'll keep working on those skills and behaviors on this project and I'm ready and willing to help you improve here." Obviously use your own words. What I just wrote makes you sound like you're impersonating a human being. :)
**Talk to HR and learn about the process of how someone gets fired**
Yes, this is truly a horrible process. There is no good way to fire someone for being incompetent. No matter what the process is, it will trump any other process in terms of horribleness.
The only thing worse than knowing about the company's termination process is NOT knowing. Not knowing will get you in plenty of trouble, knowing will let you prepare yourself in case you have to go there.
A legally minded company will have a very formal process and your HR should be prepared to coach you. This does NOT mean that you should step up ready to fire the guy - this means that you should know what it takes. There are often some truly bizarre (to a sane person) nuances to how this works, and forewarned is forearmed.
**Keep your own records**
You do NOT owe your employee every thought that crosses your mind.
Keeping records in general is a good idea, because it lets you remember the good (and bad) stuff that EVERYONE on the team does - so when it's time for the fun part of management - setting bonuses and other cool rewards - you can do more than give a generic gift. One of the best things ever is having your management give you a bonus and a note that specifically calls out some of the awesome contributions you made to the team... I guarantee that employees remember the cool note much longer than they remember how much money the company forked over.
And, sadly, having records of issues for a problem employee is often part of the firing process. It's also part of the sanity-keeping process. The human mind likes to forget pain and suffering. It's very easy at review time to conveniently forget just how many issues have come up, and when you do have to have a painful conversation, it's worse if you are not grounded in some details of specific issues and patterns.
**Use your management chain**
When I was an individual contributor, I was happy to stay as far away from management as possible. Once I became a manager, I realized how invaluable a good working relationship with management can be. Of course it totally depends upon the competence of your management - but often higher levels of management are composed of people with plenty of tricks in their tool kits. They know the culture and they know the biggest red buttons in the company - so they are in a good position to give you help. Also - if you are sharing your grief on a regular basis, they know where *you* stand in case of any political hijinks.
**Do not assume that no sign of trouble means no trouble**
I could be completely washed up, because this is just one snap shot in time.
But what you describe is a series of very defensive behaviors that seem to be coming from someone who has some serious problems with work behavior. The fact that you have been promoted and he hasn't tells me that your management is smart enough to realize the issues on some level.
Most disciplinary action is taken in private one on one sessions. Calling someone out in public rarely does any good - and when it comes to the very serious "shape up or ship out" discussions, they are ALWAYS in private. Which means that no one who is NOT in the direct management chain should be privy to these.
This is my biggest rational for most of the other advice -- it sounds to me like not only do you have a guy with some problems, but that you have decent enough management that problem-fixing may already be underway, and mostly what you need to do is establish how you fit in to the problem-fixing cycle and then continue the activities as needed.
**The final hopeful finish**
It's not unusual for people to change radically when dealing with a manager from dealing with a peer. All my cautionary advice may be pointless as it very well could be that this guy will be sweet as pie when you take the lead role as you have now suddenly become "The Boss". Different people deal very differently with authority - for signs of how this guy is programmed, check out how his current boss deals with him.
In fact - one of the best tricks is to watch other managers. I'd bet money that his current management does some stuff great and some stuff absolutely badly. Look for the good tricks, and keep and eye open to blind spots in your current management hierarchy - be ready to try new things but also be aware of what works and therefore doesn't need to be fixed. :) | Some good answers here but for me there's a fundamental issue that nobody has addressed: you've decided what this guy is going to be like on your project before it's even started; you're judging him on something he hasn't done yet. While it's very much worth having a strategy for dealing with problems you might encounter with him in your back pocket, it's ESSENTIAL that you give him a fair chance and treat him the same way you do the rest of the team. Don't single him out, don't assume it's going to be a disaster, do think positive.
If you convince yourself that your project is doomed to failure, whether it's because this guy is on the team or for any other reason, then you can pretty much guarantee that it will indeed fail. For a project to succeed you have to believe it is going to, you have to believe in yourself and you have to believe, and trust, in your team. Above all you have to be fair. |
90,059 | I've been told that I am to be a team lead of an upcoming project. I've not ever been team lead before but the responsibilities are what you would typically expect, with revolving door of 3 to 4 other developers through the 8 or 9 months it takes to complete the project.
My problem is this: one of the developers who will no doubt be working on this project will be a problem. He has more experience than me, has called me an idiot several times in the past, and has told me that he has taken this job because he is a natural leader. He has expected to be promoted to a leadership position with every new project (which has not happened to date), and even once told me that I was to report to him, even though the actual team lead was under no such illusion. Moreover, I've both observed and heard from others that he is extremely unprofessional (watches non-work videos at client sites - with no head phones, dresses unprofessionally, comes to work late, makes inappropriate jokes, etc.) He took or attempted to take credit for my work or insights multiple times while I worked with him as a peer. My current team lead told me that she threw out 1/2 of this guy's code once he left her project because the quality was no good. I could go on.
My fear is that this guy will actively work against me, because he will resent having to report to someone that he considers an inferior, especially since I have been given this opportunity before him. I've successfully dealt with this type of personality as a peer or even reporting to managers like this in the past. I've not dealt with, or ever thought about, having to deal with this type of character who is reporting to me.
My question is: what kind of strategies can I use to effectively and professionally deal with this? Especially now, before it has become a problem, is there any way to cut it off before it gets out of hand etc. If anyone has a similar experience how did they deal with it? | 2011/07/06 | [
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/questions/90059",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com",
"https://softwareengineering.stackexchange.com/users/2260/"
] | You are in a tough spot, because if this guy wasn't fired yet then he either has political importance or you work for an organization that will never fire people for performance.
Pray it is the latter, that is much easier to deal with. Politically important troublemakers like that can ruin you despite ALL of your best efforts to be professional, cover your *\**, and document EVERYTHING. I have seen it happen. The paper trail means nothing when politics are involved.
**Be Professional -** Don't try to be friends with anybody on the team. Act as if you are on a mission the entire time and do not show favoritism.
**Protect yourself/Document EVERYTHING -** Don't make silly mistakes, you are being watched. The sharks are attracted to blood in the water. Also make sure that you fully document all decisions, email trails, discussions and team consensus. When you get dinged on something you will want to pull up that email from 6 months ago. | Just keep your humor. If you can't get rid of him, the worst thing you can do is let him bother you. He's not a big deal. He wants you to be nervous. He wants to be "that guy". Let him be "that guy". Just keep your good humor and always look on the bright side.
Handle him. Don't let him handle you. |
237,544 | The main character (male) is called to a lab built on the ocean floor that is atop some sort of vault that is in need of the main character's expertise in figuring out the password to unlock it. The calculations always come up with impossible numbers like 0/0. Does this ring any bells? I believe the main character appears in other novels by the same author. Published within the last 10-15 years. | 2020/10/01 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/237544",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/132944/"
] | Could it be [Sphere](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphere_(novel)) by Michael Crichton, perhaps?
Journey to the ocean floor - check
Puzzle how to open a mysterious object - check.
Impossible things found - check. (Example - impossible sea creatures such as shrimp with no digestive organs. I don't recall if 0/0 was part of it.)
[Preview available](https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=t4b69z5hs58C&printsec=frontcover&dq=intitle:sphere%20inauthor:Michael%20inauthor:Crichton&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjC_dnHgZTsAhW1URUIHYsYArYQuwUwAHoECAEQBw#v=onepage&q&f=false) on Google Books. See if it looks at all familiar. | At least a partial match to Peter Watts' [Rifters](https://us.macmillan.com/series/rifterstrilogy/) series, which is about a group of genetically modified humans working in a deep-ocean lab/power plant that accidentally release a pandemic causing microorganism. The main character is Lenie Clarke who is blamed for the release and her name is subsequently taken by AIs as a name for a bunch of cyber attacks/viruses.
IIRC at one point in the series (I think in book 3 or 4). One or more of the main characters returns to the lab after being on the surface for some time to find that there has been a coup of sorts and that they are locked out/excluded and they need to hack their way back in.
Note that these books are freely available from Watts' site [rifters.com](https://www.rifters.com/real/shorts.htm) and a number of other sites too without DRM. |
237,544 | The main character (male) is called to a lab built on the ocean floor that is atop some sort of vault that is in need of the main character's expertise in figuring out the password to unlock it. The calculations always come up with impossible numbers like 0/0. Does this ring any bells? I believe the main character appears in other novels by the same author. Published within the last 10-15 years. | 2020/10/01 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/237544",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/132944/"
] | This distinctly reminds me of [Deep Storm, by Lincoln Child](https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/B00BZ5JNZ2/), and is part of his Jeremy Logan series of books (the others being The Third Gate, The Forgotten Room, Full Wolf Moon).
The protagonist is requested to investigate a medical issue aboard a drilling platform in the Atlantic Ocean, but when they arrive they discover that the real issue is aboard a research station on the ocean floor.
The research station is investigating a mysterious source of transmissions coming from objects positioned above an anomaly buried deep below the station - the transmissions include a mathematical expression: `x = 1/0`
Some of the ideas put forward by characters in the story posit that the anomaly is a library of knowledge that some alien civilisation has left there for humanity to discover, the transmissions being a coded message which needs to be deciphered to unlock it - other ideas are that the transmissions are a warning and the anomaly needs to be left alone.
While this is a Jeremy Logan book, he only appears tangentially in it - the main protagonist is a different character. | Could it be [Sphere](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphere_(novel)) by Michael Crichton, perhaps?
Journey to the ocean floor - check
Puzzle how to open a mysterious object - check.
Impossible things found - check. (Example - impossible sea creatures such as shrimp with no digestive organs. I don't recall if 0/0 was part of it.)
[Preview available](https://books.google.co.uk/books?id=t4b69z5hs58C&printsec=frontcover&dq=intitle:sphere%20inauthor:Michael%20inauthor:Crichton&hl=en&sa=X&ved=2ahUKEwjC_dnHgZTsAhW1URUIHYsYArYQuwUwAHoECAEQBw#v=onepage&q&f=false) on Google Books. See if it looks at all familiar. |
237,544 | The main character (male) is called to a lab built on the ocean floor that is atop some sort of vault that is in need of the main character's expertise in figuring out the password to unlock it. The calculations always come up with impossible numbers like 0/0. Does this ring any bells? I believe the main character appears in other novels by the same author. Published within the last 10-15 years. | 2020/10/01 | [
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/237544",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.stackexchange.com/users/132944/"
] | This distinctly reminds me of [Deep Storm, by Lincoln Child](https://www.amazon.co.uk/gp/product/B00BZ5JNZ2/), and is part of his Jeremy Logan series of books (the others being The Third Gate, The Forgotten Room, Full Wolf Moon).
The protagonist is requested to investigate a medical issue aboard a drilling platform in the Atlantic Ocean, but when they arrive they discover that the real issue is aboard a research station on the ocean floor.
The research station is investigating a mysterious source of transmissions coming from objects positioned above an anomaly buried deep below the station - the transmissions include a mathematical expression: `x = 1/0`
Some of the ideas put forward by characters in the story posit that the anomaly is a library of knowledge that some alien civilisation has left there for humanity to discover, the transmissions being a coded message which needs to be deciphered to unlock it - other ideas are that the transmissions are a warning and the anomaly needs to be left alone.
While this is a Jeremy Logan book, he only appears tangentially in it - the main protagonist is a different character. | At least a partial match to Peter Watts' [Rifters](https://us.macmillan.com/series/rifterstrilogy/) series, which is about a group of genetically modified humans working in a deep-ocean lab/power plant that accidentally release a pandemic causing microorganism. The main character is Lenie Clarke who is blamed for the release and her name is subsequently taken by AIs as a name for a bunch of cyber attacks/viruses.
IIRC at one point in the series (I think in book 3 or 4). One or more of the main characters returns to the lab after being on the surface for some time to find that there has been a coup of sorts and that they are locked out/excluded and they need to hack their way back in.
Note that these books are freely available from Watts' site [rifters.com](https://www.rifters.com/real/shorts.htm) and a number of other sites too without DRM. |
13,814 | A friend of mine wants to get the “You Got Splunk!” hat from Winter Bash 2022 on Sci Fi & Fantasy SE. This requires that they ask or answer a question with “data” in the name of a tag. What on topic works should they read or watch in the three weeks to make this possible? | 2022/12/15 | [
"https://scifi.meta.stackexchange.com/questions/13814",
"https://scifi.meta.stackexchange.com",
"https://scifi.meta.stackexchange.com/users/4918/"
] | [This query](https://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/adv_search_results.cgi?USE_1=title_title&O_1=contains&TERM_1=data&C=AND&USE_2=title_language_free&O_2=exact&TERM_2=english&USE_3=title_ttype&O_3=exact&TERM_3=NOVEL&ORDERBY=title_copyright&ACTION=query&START=0&TYPE=Title) finds 6 novels with "data" in the title, including *The Terra Data* by Tubb.
| Publication Date | Title | Author |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1908-00-00 | *Geyserland: Empricisms in Social Reform. Being Data and Observations recorded by the late Mark Stubble, M.D., Ph.D.* | Richard Hatfield |
| 1967-00-00 | *The Golden Boats of Taradata Affair* | E. C. Eliott |
| 1971-08-00 | *Data for Death* | Johannes Allen |
| 1980-04-00 | *The Terra Data* | E. C. Tubb |
| 2006-10-00 | *A Fistful of Data* | Stephen Dedman |
| 2020-10-21 | *The Data Riot* | D. L. Young |
[The second query](https://www.isfdb.org/cgi-bin/adv_search_results.cgi?USE_1=title_title&O_1=contains&TERM_1=data&C=AND&USE_2=title_language_free&O_2=exact&TERM_2=english&USE_3=title_ttype&O_3=exact&TERM_3=SHORTFICTION&ORDERBY=title_copyright&ACTION=query&START=0&TYPE=Title) finds dozens of shorter works including "Preliminary Data" by Moorcock and "Datableed" by Cadigan.
| Publication Date | Title | Author |
| --- | --- | --- |
| 1824-00-00 | Maredata | N. G. |
| 1952-03-00 | Incomplete Data | H. B. Fyfe |
| 1952-09-00 | Zero Data | Charles Saphro |
| 1953-09-00 | The Available Data on the Worp Reaction | Lion Miller |
| 1959-09-00 | On Handling the Data | M. I. Mayfield |
| 1965-07-00 | In the Light of Further Data | Christopher Anvil |
| 1965-08-00 | Preliminary Data | Michael Moorcock |
| 1971-00-00 | Second Run at the Data | Douglas R. Mason |
| 1972-00-00 | Maredata and Giulio, or The Ocean Spirit | Anonymous |
| 1981-00-00 | Dialect of the Data Disk | Celeste Newbrough |
| 1984-11-00 | According to Scientific Data | Vladen Bakhnov |
| 1989-04-00 | Mission Report: 'Datalore' | Robert Greenberger |
| 1989-04-00 | Mission Report: 'Elementary, Dear Data' | Patrick Daniel O'Neill |
| 1990-10-00 | Data-Link | Kay Fortunato |
| 1991-06-00 | Mission Report: 'Data's Day' | Patrick Daniel O'Neill |
| 1992-04-00 | Preliminary Data | F. Alexander Brejcha |
| 1993-08-00 | Mission Report: 'A Fistful of Datas' | John Sayers |
| 1994-02-00 | The Data Class | Ben Jeapes |
| 1998-00-00 | A Clockwork Data: Not by Anthony Burgess Steven R. Boyett | |
| 1998-00-00 | Less Than Data: Not by Bret Easton Ellis | Steven R. Boyett |
| 1998-03-00 | Datableed | Pat Cadigan |
| 1998-07-00 | What Went Through Data's Mind 0.68 Seconds Before the Satellite Hit | Dylan Otto Krider |
| 2000-00-00 | Kamikaze Motives of the Immaculate Deconstruction in the Data-Sucking Rust-Age of Insectile Hackers | Lance Olsen |
| 2001-04-00 | Kandata in Hell's Eye | Daniel E. Blackston |
| 2002-05-00 | Starfleet Technical Database: Intrepid Class Design Lineage | Rick Sternbach |
| 2002-11-00 | Starfleet Technical Database: Klingon Personal Weapons | Rick Sternbach |
| 2003-00-00 | Biographical Data (The Thackery T. Lambshead Pocket Guide to Eccentric & Discredited Diseases) | uncredited |
| 2003-01-00 | Starfleet Technical Database: U.S.S. Stargazer | Rick Sternbach |
| 2003-02-00 | Starfleet Technical Database: Romulan Propulsion | Rick Sternbach |
| 2003-04-00 | Starfleet Technical Database: Aeroshuttle Technology | Rick Sternbach |
| 2003-06-00 | Protecting Data's Friends | Scott William Carter |
| 2005-11-14 | Through the Data Storm | David Lawrence |
| 2006-04-00 | Datacide | Steve Bein |
| 2010-04-00 | Data Crabs | Deborah Walker |
| 2012-06-12 | The Art of Data Tri-So | Vincent Morgan |
| 2012-08-05 | Datafall | Rich Larson |
| 2012-08-14 | Top Secret - Swipe data recovered - Group A - Subject: Teresa | James Dashner |
| 2013-01-24 | Corrupted Data Found on a Fire Damaged Hard Drive | Anonymous |
| 2013-07-00 | The Data Runners Above Our Heads: A Documentary | Stephen Gaskell |
| 2013-10-11 | Data Dogs | Eric V. Hardenbrook |
| 2013-12-08 | Data Suck | Benjamin Kane Ethridge |
| 2014-04-07 | Data Dump | Trisha L. Senbastian |
| 2014-07-22 | A Perfectly Stable Dataglobule | K. J. Russell |
| 2014-08-00 | Undermarket Data | An Owomoyela |
| 2014-09-00 | Patterns of a Murmuration, in Billions of Data Points | JY Yang |
| 2014-09-10 | Data Feed | Natsuya Uesugi |
| 2014-11-17 | Targeted Strike 2: Judgement Database | Adam Rothstein |
| 2015-06-00 | Her Data Like Fingerprints | Ashley M. Hill |
| 2015-06-02 | The Data Tourist | Davien Thomas |
| 2016-01-28 | The End of Big Data | James Bridle |
| 2016-06-01 | Star Kitty: The Data Files | Faith Blum |
| 2017-04-00 | The Frost Giant's Data | Dan Abnett |
| 2017-07-00 | The Law of Conservation of Data | John Grant |
| 2017-08-00 | The Headspace Database | Helen French |
| 2017-10-03 | The Sith of Datawork | Ken Liu |
| 2017-10-08 | The dataSultan of Streets and Stars | Jeremy Szal |
| 2017-10-19 | Patient Data | Claire Buss |
| 2017-12-11 | The Data Eaters | Anna O'Brien |
| 2018-03-15 | Data | João Ramalho-Santos |
| 2018-03-20 | Data Transfer | Nick Morrison |
| 2018-03-23 | Data Stream | Claire Buss |
| 2018-06-19 | Data Recovery | Nicholas Jennings |
| 2019-01-13 | Tasting the Data Flow | Marcie Franks |
| 2019-03-05 | Three Data Units | Kitty-Lydia Dye |
| 2019-07-00 | Captain Zack & the Data Raiders | Steve Rasnic Tem |
| 2019-07-07 | The Risks and Advantages of Data Migration | Kim Fielding |
| 2019-07-28 | A Pebble in the Data Stream | Michelle F. Goddard |
| 2019-10-00 | Data | Laurence Barratt-Manning |
| 2020-10-28 | Don't Worry About Your Data | Sita Narayan-Dinanauth |
| 2021-02-28 | Unlimited Data | Eugen Bacon |
| 2021-05-00 | Dendrochromatic Data Recovery Report 45-27 | Steve Toase |
| 2021-07-12 | Data Migration | Melanie Harding-Shaw |
| 2022-02-26 | Data, Not Data | J. Charles Ramirez |
| 2022-06-07 | Uncovered Data | David Drake |
| 2022-07-00 | Sorceress Datale's Apprentice | B. T. Petro | | * ***Android at Arms*** (1971), book by Andre Norton
* ***Cold Hearted: A Tale of the Wicked Stepmother*** (2021), book by Serena Valentino based on Disney's *Cinderella*
* *Star Trek: the New Generation* TV series, or the movies in that sub-franchise, because the character **Data** has his own tag [star-trek-data](https://scifi.stackexchange.com/questions/tagged/star-trek-data "show questions tagged 'star-trek-data'")
Alternately, if your friend is technical-minded, they may post on the site Meta about [data-explorer](/questions/tagged/data-explorer "show questions tagged 'data-explorer'") or the [data-dumps](/questions/tagged/data-dumps "show questions tagged 'data-dumps'"). |
6,206,157 | I have a static array in my class. When do i release it? or I don't have to worry about it?
I was thinking about releasing it in dealloc method but not sure.
Thanks | 2011/06/01 | [
"https://Stackoverflow.com/questions/6206157",
"https://Stackoverflow.com",
"https://Stackoverflow.com/users/772404/"
] | If it's static, you shouldn't release it. | If you are concerned about the amount of memory the array takes up (because it's potentially large and is something that you can always recreate if needed), you can empty the array upon receiving a didReceiveMemoryWarning notification. Otherwise there's really no reason to care too much about it. |
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