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I The UN Charter on Human rights promotes the rights of women and their empowerment by affirming the equal rights for women and fighting discrimination based on gender j The UN Charter champions the rights of vulnerable groups like the minority migrant workers, abused children, indigenous people and persons with disabi... |
5. Freedom from slavery, servitude and forced labour. No one should be held in servitude or slavery or perform forced labour. Every employer should treat his or her employees with dignity and not to force them to work. 6. Right to privacy. Every person has a right NOT to have him or herself, his or her property searche... |
Economic and social rights Every person has the right to the highest attainable standard of health, which includes the right to health care services, including reproductive health care. Every person has the right to accessible and adequate housing, and to reasonable standards of sanitation. Every person has the right t... |
It also guarantees freedom of artistic creativity, academic freedom, and freedom to conduct scientific research. 16. Freedom of media. The freedom and independence of the media is guaranteed. The state should not interfere with the media. 17. Access to information Every person has a right to access information held by ... |
23. Access to justice. Everybody should access justice and a reasonable fee will be charged to enhance this, if required. If this is not free, many people will not access justice which will continue to be a preserve of the rich people. 24. Right of arrested persons. An arrested person has; a The right to be informed pr... |
I To be informed in advance, of the evidence the prosecution intends to present, and to have reasonable access to that evidence. J To challenge the evidence. K To refuse to give self-incriminating evidence. L To have the assistance of an interpreter if the accused person cannot understand the language used in the trial... |
Rights of Minorities and marginalized groups in Kenya The constitution specifies a marginalized community as; A community that because of its relatively small population has been unable to fully participate in the integrated social and economic life of Kenya as a whole. A traditional community that, out of need or desi... |
A It has a duty to promote respect for human rights an d develop a culture of human rights in the republic. B A duty to promote protection and observance of human rights in public and private institutions. C It monitors, investigates and reports on the observance of human rights in all spheres of life in the republic, ... |
D The Italians were defeated during their Ethiopian campaign, by Menelik II in the battle of Adowa in 1896. E The Portuguese forcefully established their rule over Angola, Guinea Bissau and Mozambique. 3 Use of missionaries as frontrunners. The Europeans used missionaries, carrying a bible in one hand and a gun in the ... |
6 Luring enticements. The Europeans gave gifts like cloth, weapons tools, drinks etc to African chiefs like Lewanika of the Lozi and Mwanga of Buganda thus luring them into collaboration. For free KCSE Notes, Exams, and Past Papers Visit https: Teacher.co.ke 228 7 Diplomatic skills. This involved building relations wit... |
1. Unification of Germany after under Otto Von Bismarck after the FrancoPrussianwar of 1870-71. The rise of Germany upset the balance of power in Europe and there was need to rebalance out through acquisition of colonies in Africa. France for example had to redeem her lost glory especially after the loss of mineral ric... |
It also promoted international trade. It also made Egypt gain some strategic importance to Europeans. The inability of Khedive Ishmael 1863-1879 to pay for the cost of the construction of the canal due to his extravagancy led to British full occupation of Egypt in 1882, being a major shareholder in the Anglo-Suez Compa... |
For free KCSE Notes, Exams, and Past Papers Visit https: Teacher.co.ke 231 THE PROCESS OF PARTITION The fore runners to the process of partitioning Africa were the early explorers, missionaries and traders. Their activities were succeeded by the making of treaties and agreements in various parts of Africa between tradi... |
B It led to development of strong African leadership and beginning of state formation. C Colonial government structures inherited by most independent African states have continued to be models of governments in African countries. D Rise of African nationalism to fight colonialism led to the development of African polit... |
They were equipped with European guns. The army was divided into two flanks, the infantry or sofa, with 30,000 to 35,000 men, and the cavalry or sere of 3,000 men. There was a third wing of 500 men forming specially trained bodyguards. In 1881, Samori extended the empire to the east as far as Sikasso in Mali to the wes... |
He now stressed defense and employed guerilla tactics. The Franco- Mandinka war 1891-1898 Causes of the Franco-Mandinka war 1891-1898 a Samori wanted to safeguard the independence and religion of his empire. Being a staunch Muslim, he could not tolerate non-Muslims on his land. B He was not ready willing to lose the ri... |
Disadvantages of Samori s second empire a He was cut off from Freetown where he used to buy firearms. B He was at war with the communities, which he had attacked in his expansionist wars. C His southern frontier was open to French attacks from the Ivory Coast. D At his new empire, Samore was cut off from his gold mines... |
G He used diplomacy in dealing with the French to buy time to reorganize and strengthen his army, and to negotiate with the British in Sierra Leone to guarantee regular supply of guns. H French soldiers were ignorant of the strange land they were fighting in and were faced with further problem of tropical disease. I So... |
J Samori s retreat to Liberia was blocked and his capital besieged. He had to surrender to the French. The Ndebele Resistance Background The Ndebele were descendants of Nguni conquerors from South Africa fleeing from the mfecane wars who occupied what is now Matabeleland. Mzilikazi Ndebele King opened the door for the ... |
In return, he was to get a gunboat on River Zambezi or 500 sterling ponds, a monthly salary of 100 sterling pounds, 1000 rifles and 100,000 cartridges. Lobengula s conditions for concession were not incorporated in the final text. When the terms of the treaty were interpreted to him, he learned that he had been tricked... |
Atthe two battles of Shangani River and Mbembezi. The Ndebele were defeated by superior European gun-fire. Lobengula finally fled to Bulawayo where he died in 1894. The conquerors took advantage of the natives' inner divisions, with people of the low castes remaining passive and even some traitors helping the invaders.... |
D The war eroded the Ndebele traditional authority. When Lobengula s sons were sent to South Africa by Rhodes for education, they were denied chance of succeeding their father. E They detested the removal of the rights of chiefs to allocate land. The British ruined the regimental system and refused to recognize the pow... |
N The influence of the Mwari cult leaders who urged people to resist with an assurance of victory against the British and immunity against the European bullets. Course of the war. Mlimo's call to battle happened at a time when the BSA Co's Administrator General Matabeleland, Leander Starr Jameson, had sent most of his ... |
With the war in Matabeleland ending in October 1897, Gen. Carrington was able to concentrate his forces on Mashonaland. Nehanda Nyakasikana and Kagubi Gumboreshumba were captured and executed in 1898, but Mkwati, a priest of the Mwari shrine, was never captured and died in Mutoko. Traditional leaders played a major rol... |
They also got reinforcement from Botswana and South Africa. D The arrest and execution of African leaders like Nehanda, Kagubi and Singinyamatse demoralized the people. E The British had superior weapons as compared to African inferior weapons. F The magic failed to protect them against the enemy bullets. Many people w... |
E.g the Maasai who were on downward trend as the Nandi were raising. For free KCSE Notes, Exams, and Past Papers Visit https: Teacher.co.ke 244 f To some it was a means of showing courtesy visitors assuming that they would leave soon and being ignorant of European intentions. For example, Kabaka Mwanga of Buganda. G Ot... |
He sent his sons to the Coillard mission school as a show of acceptance of westernization. Lochner Treaty of 1890. It was British missionary Francois Coillard who negotiated for the meeting between Frank Lochner, acting on behalf of Rhodes, and Lewanika in 1890. The treaty put Lewanika s Kingdom under the protection of... |
F The company maintained its rights to prospect for mineral in Bulozi. G Lewanika was to stop slavery and witchcraft in his area. H Lewanika was made paramount chief of Barotse. His powers were reduced more when more white settlers arrived in 1905 ready to participate in government. NB; the Coryndon treaty made Lewanik... |
A His kingdom was under threat form Khedive Ishmael of Egypt. He therefore wanted British assistance against the Egyptian threat. B There was threat from his traditional enemy, Omukama Kabalega of Bunyoro Kingdom. C Mutesa wanted to establish a centralized religious authority over Buganda to counter there power wielded... |
Why Mwanga collaborated a He wanted to acquire protection from internal and external enemies e.g religious groups and Banyoro. B He wanted to secure his position and safeguard the Baganda from interference. For free KCSE Notes, Exams, and Past Papers Visit https: Teacher.co.ke 247 c He wanted the British to help him Ga... |
B To introduce law and order in the country. C To reduce the cost of British administration since Buganda was to meet the cost of administration. D To define the relationship between Buganda and the British government. Terms of the Buganda agreement a The Buganda laws were to remain in effect as much as they did not in... |
D The 1900 Agreement led to the birth of early nationalistic movements. For example, the Bataka Opposition Movement in the 1920s by the landless class people rising up against the land-owning group. E Modern economy and western education were introduced with Buganda taking the lead. F Buganda formed the basis for the B... |
G The collaborators just like resistors were later subjected to economic exploitation such as land alienation, mining, taxation and forced labour. ESTABLISHMENT OF COLONIAL RULE IN KENYA CAUSES OF THE SCRAMBLE FOR EAST AFRICA Factors that contributed to the scramble and partition of East Africa 1. The rise of Nationali... |
The Europeans were keen on spreading their culture to east Africa. They wanted to protect their missionaries who were already operating in east Africa The process of Partition The Berlin conference failed to fully resolve the rivalry between the Germans and the British in East Africa. The activities of Karl Peters and ... |
This tension is what led to the Heligoland Treaty of 1890. Terms of the Heligoland Treaty of 1890 a Germany officially recognized Uganda as a British sphere of influence protectorate. B Germany abandoned her claim over the territory of Witu for British in exchange for Heligoland island in the North sea c Germany accept... |
B Establishing political authority and Maintain of law and order in the British East Africa. C Promoting legitimate trade and Eradicate slave trade d Developing and civilizing the indigenous peoples with the assistance of the imperial consul based in Zanzibar. Achievements of the IBEAC. A The company succeeded in quell... |
B The company lacked sufficient capital to carry out the day- to- day administrative operations. The company had spent the little funds available in the construction of fortified trading stations, with little reward. C Transportation of goods in the region proved expensive and slow as the region did not have any naviga... |
The Wanga also signed various treaties with the British. F The British policy of indirect rule was readily acceptable, thus reducing the chances of resistance. G Financial support from the home government. KENYA PEOPLES RESPONSES BRITISH INVASION OF KENYA Africans in Kenya offered varied responses to the British intrus... |
They therefore felt strong enough to resist the British. Course of the Nandi rebellion The Nandi wars of resistance began in 1895. The Nandi mainly employed guerilla warfare ambushing the caravan traders and mail carriers who passed in their territory. When two Nandi warriors strayed into the Guasa Mesa administrative ... |
Why the Nandi offered the longest and strongest ever resistance to the British intrusion in Kenya. A The British intrusion into their territory happened when the Nandi were at the best of their power and superiority. B Existence of a superior military organization based on the age set system. The Nandi army was strong ... |
Their guns were superior to the Nandi spears. For free KCSE Notes, Exams, and Past Papers Visit https: Teacher.co.ke 255 c There was an outbreak of smallpox in the Nandi country 1890. This weakened them by killing many and rendering others unable to fight on. D They Nandi failed to get support from the neighboring Keny... |
Their economic lifestyle of grazing animals freely was also disrupted. G Many Nandi warriors were recruited into the colonial police. Agiriama resistance. A Bantu speaking group inhabiting the coastal region, their reaction to the British invasion was motivated by the reaction of the Mazrui Arabs and the Swahili who ro... |
They were forced to produce 1000 able-bodied men within a month, join the British army f They lost their land to the British due to the massive land alienation for settler farming. They were forced to offer paid labour on their own former land to the chagrin of the elders. G The British, who were seeking to take over t... |
For free KCSE Notes, Exams, and Past Papers Visit https: Teacher.co.ke 257 b They would also offer a certain number of able-bodied men to serve in the King s African Rifles. C The British would occupy all the land to the north of River Sabaki. Role of Mekatilili in the Agiriama resistance. A She encouraged the Agiriama... |
The Bukusu stole all the rifles. When they were commanded to surrender all the guns in 1894 and declined, the British sent a punitive expedition which however was defeated. The British administrator at Elureko, Charles Hobley sought for reinforcement from Major William Grant of the Ugandan protectorate. In 1895, at the... |
E The Somali were against British control of their pastureland and watering points. F The British wanted the Somali to drop their nomadic way of life. Course of the resistance. The British initially reacted minimally to the Somali aggression on their Kisimayu neighbourhood in 1898 due to the following reasons; a They v... |
The Disputes between Lenana and Sendeyo over succession of Mbatian after he died weakened the Maasai community to the level of merely collaborating with the British intruders. Sendeyo moved with his followers to northern Tanzania leaving behind Lenana s group who chose the path of collaboration. Reasons for the Maasai ... |
For free KCSE Notes, Exams, and Past Papers Visit https: Teacher.co.ke 260 The process of Maasai collaboration. The attempt by Lenana to secure assistance against Sendeyo was the beginning of his collaboration with the British. The Kedong massacre incident Maasai warriors attacked a caravan of Swahili and Agikuyu trade... |
F There was total disruption of their territorial integrity. Even their cattle economy was disrupted as the number of livestock was reduced. There was an attempt to cause them to abandon their nomadic habit. G The Maasai gained material reward in form of cattle and grains looted from resisting communities like the Nand... |
G He realized that his community was very small and it was futile to resist the militarily superior Europeans. H Having realized that the British declaration of western Kenya as their sphere of influence was inevitable, he chose to become their ally at the earliest opportunity ever. Process of Wanga Collaboration. Mumi... |
For example, Mumia s half-brother Murunga was appointed chief of the Isukha and Idakho. E Mumias headquarters at Elureko became the seat of British administration in western Kenya upto 1920 when it was moved to Kakamega. F Mumia and his people gained material benefits from the British through trade, western education a... |
G The British kept on disrupting their peace by sending military expeditions that resulted in death and massive destruction of property. H The Akamba were also resisting forced labour. For free KCSE Notes, Exams, and Past Papers Visit https: Teacher.co.ke 263 Course of the Akamba resistance. In 1890, Nzibu Mweu led he ... |
E They wanted to get guns to be used in robbing for wealth. F The Akamba had been weakened by the 1899 famine and were therefore unable to effectively tackle the British. Reasons for the Akamba defeat a Some of the Akamba were not patriotic to the resistance course. Some self-serving opportunists allied with the coloni... |
B Misconduct of company officials. They stole from the local people, killing some of them, and raped Agikuyu women. C The Agikuyu were revolting against the forced supply of grains and water, by their women, to the British soldiers. D There was massive land alienation, which had left many landless or pushed to unproduc... |
Wayaki s people supplied Lugard s men with food. However, when Wilson took over from Lugard who had left for Uganda, his soldiers began looting food and livestock from the Agikuyu. The Agikuyu reacted by setting the Dagoretti fort on fire. Waiyaki was arrested by the forces sent by Subcommissioner Ainsworth, and died e... |
Results of the Agikuyu mixed reaction. A The reactions fuelled mistrust, hatred and animosity in most of Kikuyuland. Such feelings of mistrust continue among the Agikuyu of Murang a, Kiambu and Nyeri up-todate. B There was massive alienation of Agikuyu land by the British with the help of the collaborators like Wang om... |
E They were also provoked by the punitive expedition sent against them by Mumia and the British. Why the Gem and Asembo Luos collaborated. A Their chief, Odera Akang o had been influenced by the Wanga Neighbours who had gained materially from their collaboration. B Odera also needed British assistance to subdue the Luo... |
Central Government The protectorate was divided into provinces headed by Provincial commissioners, who acted as representatives of the Governor. The governor was answerable to the colonial s ecretary in Britain. Hierarchy of colonial administration in Kenya 1. Colonial secretary. Based in London, he was the political h... |
This would reduce the costs of administration. B They wanted to mobilize local people in resources exploitation in order to stir up development c Local Government was a means of providing a legal forum for the local people to make decisions about their day to day affairs d The Local Government would provide an importan... |
It used the levied taxes to improve social services such as schools and hospitals. E It helped in the arbitration of African disputes through the District African Courts. E.g, Land disputes were settled by the LNCs. Factors that undermined the local Government a Shortage of trained personnel to work in the LNCs and ADC... |
B Lack of adequate funds for colonial administration from the parent government made her use the existing traditional political system as a means of cutting down the administrative costs. C The use of indirect rule was a means of diffusing the expected stiff resistance from the Africans. The traditional rulers were to ... |
The selected colonial chiefs however faced two problems; a Most of them lacked legitimacy and were therefore rejected not only by the African elders who regarded them as nonentities, but also by the young generation who saw them as tools of colonial oppression and exploitation. B Many of the colonial chiefs were young ... |
F Indirect rule had been tried successfully in Uganda and India. Indirect administration as applied in northern Nigeria In Northern Nigeria, the existing emirates with centralized system of administration formed thebasis of local governance. The Emirs were retained and were to rule under supervision of the British resi... |
The local political institutions based on the Induna system had been destroyed when the British conquered and occupied Zimbabwe. D Existence of enough B.S.A Co personnel on the spot who were familiar with the area as well as the British system of government. E Favourable climatic conditions and the expected rich minera... |
This however never happened practically. For example, the government formulated the Two-Pyramids Policy or parallel development policy characterized by discrimination against Africans. At the base of the pyramid was the majority Africans relegated to offering cheap labour for the white settlers. At the apex were the mi... |
B The Industrial Conciliation Act of 1934. The prime objective of the Act was to protect white workers from African competition. The government through the act prohibited Africans from setting up a trade union. Africans from beyond southern Rhodesia were imported to provide labour to the whites at low wages. The act re... |
In 1963, the federation was dissolved and shortly afterwards Malawi and Zambia became independent as southern Rhodesia remained a self -governing colony. The reign of Ian Smith Ian Smith s Rhodesian Front Party, controlled by the white extremists with no regards for Africans, won the 1962 elections. On 15th October 196... |
G The white settlers were to enhance the production of cash crops as transport, trade and industry were developed. H Africans were denied freedom of movement and confined I reserves. I Positively, it led to development of transport network the region. J It led to introduction of new crops in the region k It led to rise... |
Each colony was headed by a lieutenant- Governor answerable to the Governor-General in Dakar. Each colony was divided into cercles provinces , each headed by a commandant de cercle. Each cercle was further divided into small districts each headed by a chef de sub-division below whom were African chiefs chefs de cantons... |
They were allowed to retain Muslim law. They were exempted from arbitrary arrest through the Indigenization policy. Characteristics of assimilation. A Administrative assimilation. There was an administrative relationship between the French colonies and their mother country. Colonies were regarded as overseas provinces.... |
I Muslims resisted fiercely the French attempt to convert them to Christianity. J Racial discrimination against the indigenous people also contributed to the failure of the system. This is because many Frenchmen never accepted assimilated Africans as their equals. K The French citizens in the motherland opposed the pol... |
F A great rift emerged between the assimilated Africans , who were regarded as French citizens and the rest of African communities , who were subjected to taxation and forced labour For free KCSE Notes, Exams, and Past Papers Visit https: Teacher.co.ke 280 The policy of association. Under this system, the French coloni... |
H In both, the position of chief was created where there was none. I.e. in Kenya, Southern Nigeria, and Somali. Main differences a The British were keen to appoint traditional rulers as chiefs. The French on the other hand were not keen to appoint traditional rulers but simply handpicked individuals who met their quali... |
A To promote trade with the outside world by encouraging the exploitation of available resources and enable the colony sustain itself b To link Uganda with the Coast so that the British can achieve their strategic interests. C To enable missionaries to go the interior to spread Christianity. D To help stop slave trade ... |
E The Man-eaters of Tsavo created danger and havoc to the construction works. F The rift valley terrain was difficult. It was rugged with many hills and escarpments thus causing difficulties in construction. G Hostility of some Kenyan communities to intruders e.g. the Nandi who vandalized the railway and telegraph line... |
N Other forms of transport and communication developed and expanded along the ralwayline. For example: roads and telecommunications. O Christian missionaries were able to move into the interior, where they established missionschools. SETTLER FARMING AND COLONIAL LAND POLICIES As a means of raising revenue to meet the c... |
B Africans in Kenya were not allowed to grow some cash crops in order to enable Europeans continue getting cheap African labour for their farms. C The government built and maintained various forms of transport. For example the railway, Bridges and roads which facilitated faster movement of produce and inputs. D The gov... |
Coffee was first introduced by the Roman Catholic Fathers of St. Austin s Mission near Nairobi in 1889. It required plenty of farm inputs in terms of chemicals and labour. Therefore was a preserve of wealthy European settlers. Coffee Planters Corporation was founded in 1908 by Lord Delamere s Efforts, and led to the sp... |
Initially, it was cultivated around Thika in 1904. By 1920, it had become the second largest income-earning crop after coffee. The main sisal growing areas included Baringo, Koibatek, Ol Donyo Sabuk, Ruiru, Thika, Voi, Taita and Taveta. Africans began growing coffee in 1964 though its growth declined due to the complet... |
It defined crown land as all public land which was not private. The government could take up any land at will, sell it or lease it for use by settlers. 4 The Crown Land Ordinance 1902 . It allowed the government to sell or lease crown land to Europeans at 2 rupees per 100 acres or rent at 15 rupees per 100 acres annual... |
Effects of the colonial land policies a The displaced Africans were confined to native reserves thus leading to congestion overuse of land. By 1914, settlers like Lord Delamere and Captain Crogan owned 100,000 and 220,000 acres of land, respectively, at the expense of African congestion in the reserves. B Africans who ... |
Other reforms that were instituted were; a Abandonment of Racial segregation policy in Kenya except in the highlands. For free KCSE Notes, Exams, and Past Papers Visit https: Teacher.co.ke 288 b Allowing Asians to elect four members to the Legco, which was initially settlerdominated. This however was not done until 193... |
H The settlers were to maintain their representation in the LEGCO. I The Colonial Secretary was given mandate to exercise strict control over the affairs of the colony. Implications of the Devonshire white paper. The issuance of the paper left the Settlers, Asians and Africans more dissatisfied than ever before as foll... |
C The paper did not satisfy the Asians since they did not gain access to the white highlands. D Although many Asians came to Kenya, the Asians did not achieve equality with Europeans through a Common Roll. The Indian congress refused to cooperate with the government; they declined to hold elections for the Legislative ... |
This stimulated development of industries in the mining areas leading to urban growth. E.g. Kakamega, Athi River and Magadi. Why Africans moved to urban areas in colonial Kenya. A The Urban centres had recreational facilities and social amenities which attracted the Africans, fed up with hardship conditions in the rese... |
Lack of planning of housing led to poor drainage and sanitation facilities. B Africans in urban areas were subjected to racial discrimination. The social services provided to the Africans were inadequate and of poor quality. Even houses in towns were occupied according to the various racial groups, with Europeans enjoy... |
A To impart in the Africans Agricultural Skills in order to promote settler farming. B To give the Africans basic technical skills to improve their industrial knowledge. C To train some Africans as Catechists to enhance the spread of Christianity. D To offer Africans basic literacy and numeracy to read the bible and do... |
B They wanted to access higher education, since the government and missionaries were only offering them technical and industrial education, so that to be able to compete for the white-collar jobs with other races. C They would also use the schools as a forum to air their grievances and to create political awareness in ... |
For free KCSE Notes, Exams, and Past Papers Visit https: Teacher.co.ke 295 Africans began being trained in the provision of emergence health services during the first war. The East African Medical Corps was formed . Between 1919 1922, missionaries began to train Africans as Medical Dressers and Dispensers. After the op... |
B The Africans disapproval of the Whiteman s immortality during the war, as he could also get wounded, die and suffer like them. This motivated them to strive for equal rights when they came back. C The introduction of many unfair measures after the war made their lives difficult. For example, governor Northey introduc... |
The Association, being made of loyalist chiefs, was never aggressive in its demands. The members therefore failed to get any meaningful concessions from the government. Later, Harry Thuku and Abdalla Tairara joined the association together with other Christian converts who were labourers, colonial house servants and cl... |
They wanted more educational facilities and opportunities for Africans. They were demanding that all labour in urban areas be paid fair wages. They wanted the compulsory selling of cattle be stopped. Removal of Kipande System. Protested European domination of government. Wanted hut tax that was exclusively paid by Afri... |
They were demanding for the removal of the 1915 Crown Land Ordinance that made Africans mere tenants and not real owners of their land. They were demanding for African representation in the Legislative Council. They were opposed to forced labour. For free KCSE Notes, Exams, and Past Papers Visit https: Teacher.co.ke 29... |
Provision of secondary and higher education for Africans. Abolition of kipande system Appointment of Africans to LEGCO Release of Harry Thuku Giving of Title Deeds to Africans as a guarantee against any further land alienation. Rejection of the proposed East Africa Federation KCA championed female circumcision arguing ... |
Demanded to be given title deeds for their land. Wanted hut tax removed. The advocated for better wages. The members presented their demands to the Nyanza PC in May 1922 and met governor Northey in Kisumu in July 1922 at Nyahera in Kisumu. The governor agreed to authorize the closing down of labour camps and reduce tax... |
For free KCSE Notes, Exams, and Past Papers Visit https: Teacher.co.ke 300 Ukamba Members Association UMA was formed in 1938 by Samuel Muindi Mbingu Chairman , Elijah Kavula Vicechairman , Isaac Mwalozi secretary and Simon Kioko treasurer as an association of the Akamba of the eastern part of Kenya. The leaders who fou... |
B Arrest of their leader Muindi Mbingu and his deportation to Lamu demoralized the movement. C The Association alongside others was banned, with the World War II looming. Coast Africa Association The Association was formed in 1943 with Noah Mwana Sele as president, Muhamed bin Mwichande as vice president, E.W. Timothy ... |
To help the Taita community to advance. To protest the destocking policy. Most of the fertile land of the community had been occupied by European settlers who were growing coffee on it. Oppose the plan to relocate the Wada Wida people from Taita hills to Samburu to create room for settlers. They were opposed to the kip... |
C The associations experienced political wrangles between members as witnessed in KCA between 1931 1nd 1839 and CAA upon departure of its tow key leaders. D Many of the leaders of the organizations had little experience in running political parties and therefore mismanaged their offices. E The organizations were faced ... |
For example THA succeeded in stopping the government s plan to relocate the Wada Wida people from Taita hills to Samburu to create room for settlers. E The played the role of trade Unionism by fighting for the welfare of the workers in the absence of formal trade unions. F They publicized Africans grievances to the int... |
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