ChemicalName stringlengths 3 104 | Definition stringlengths 12 791 |
|---|---|
thiosulfates | Inorganic salts of thiosulfuric acid possessing the general formula R2S2O3. |
thiosulfonic acids | Inorganic or organic oxy acids of sulfur which contain the general formula RS2O2H. |
thiotepa | A very toxic alkylating antineoplastic agent also used as an insect sterilant. It causes skin, gastrointestinal, CNS, and bone marrow damage. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), thiotepa may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 11th ed). |
thiothixene | A thioxanthine used as an antipsychotic agent. Its effects are similar to the phenothiazine antipsychotics. |
thiouracil | Occurs in seeds of Brassica and Crucifera species. Thiouracil has been used as antithyroid, coronary vasodilator, and in congestive heart failure although its use has been largely supplanted by other drugs. It is known to cause blood dyscrasias and suspected of terato- and carcinogenesis. |
thiourea | A photographic fixative used also in the manufacture of resins. According to the Fourth Annual Report on Carcinogens (NTP 85-002, 1985), this substance may reasonably be anticipated to be a carcinogen (Merck Index, 9th ed). Many of its derivatives are ANTITHYROID AGENTS and/or FREE RADICAL SCAVENGERS. |
thiouridine | A photoactivable URIDINE analog that is used as an affinity label. |
thioxanthenes | Compounds with three aromatic rings in linear arrangement with a SULFUR in the center ring. |
thiram | A dithiocarbamate chemical, used commercially in the rubber processing industry and as a fungicide. In vivo studies indicate that it inactivates the enzyme GLUTATHIONE REDUCTASE. It has mutagenic activity and may induce chromosomal aberrations. |
third generation cephalosporins | Agents that are structurally similar to other CEPHALOSPORINS but have a broader spectrum of activity against bacteria than the first and second generation cephalosporins. These agents cover more resistant STREPTOCOCCUS, STAPHYLOCOCCUS, gram-positive anaerobes, and more resistant strains of HAEMOPHILUS, NEISSERIA, PROTE... |
thorium | A radioactive element of the actinide series of metals. It has an atomic symbol Th, atomic number 90, and atomic weight 232.04. It is used as fuel in nuclear reactors to produce fissionable uranium isotopes. Because of its radioopacity, various thorium compounds are used to facilitate visualization in roentgenography. |
thorium compounds | Inorganic compounds that contain thorium as an integral part of the molecule. |
thorium dioxide | Thorium oxide (ThO2). A radiographic contrast agent that was used in the early 1930s through about 1954. High rates of mortality have been linked to its use and it has been shown to cause liver cancer. |
three finger toxins | A super-family of non-enzymatic proteins found in ELAPIDAE VENOMS. They possess a unique tertiary structure resembling a hand with three fingers and have diverse biological activities due to sequence and structural variations; some are ALPHA-NEUROTOXINS that bind NICOTINIC ACETYLCHOLINE RECEPTORS. |
threonine | An essential amino acid occurring naturally in the L-form, which is the active form. It is found in eggs, milk, gelatin, and other proteins. |
thrombin | An enzyme formed from PROTHROMBIN that converts FIBRINOGEN to FIBRIN. |
thromboplastin | Constituent composed of protein and phospholipid that is widely distributed in many tissues. It serves as a cofactor with factor VIIa to activate factor X in the extrinsic pathway of blood coagulation. |
thrombopoietin | A humoral factor that stimulates the production of thrombocytes (BLOOD PLATELETS). Thrombopoietin stimulates the proliferation of bone marrow MEGAKARYOCYTES and their release of blood platelets. The process is called THROMBOPOIESIS. |
thromboxane a2 | An unstable intermediate between the prostaglandin endoperoxides and thromboxane B2. The compound has a bicyclic oxaneoxetane structure. It is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation and causes vasoconstriction. It is the principal component of rabbit aorta contracting substance (RCS). |
thromboxane b2 | A stable, physiologically active compound formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides. It is important in the platelet-release reaction (release of ADP and serotonin). |
thromboxanes | Physiologically active compounds found in many organs of the body. They are formed in vivo from the prostaglandin endoperoxides and cause platelet aggregation, contraction of arteries, and other biological effects. Thromboxanes are important mediators of the actions of polyunsaturated fatty acids transformed by cycloox... |
thulium | An element of the rare earth family of metals. It has the atomic symbol Tm, atomic number 69, and atomic weight 168.93. |
thy-1 antigens | A group of differentiation surface antigens, among the first to be discovered on thymocytes and T-lymphocytes. Originally identified in the mouse, they are also found in other species including humans, and are expressed on brain neurons and other cells. |
thymalfasin | A thymus hormone polypeptide found in thymosin fraction 5 (a crude thymus gland extract) but now produced by synthesis. It is used alone or with interferon as an immunomodulator for the treatment of CHRONIC HEPATITIS B and HEPATITIS C. Thymalfasin is also used for the treatment of chemotherapy-induced immunosuppression... |
thymic factor, circulating | A thymus-dependent nonapeptide found in normal blood. Stimulates the formation of E rosettes and is believed to be involved in T-cell differentiation. |
thymic stromal lymphopoietin | A pleiotropic cytokine involved in INFLAMMATION and immunoregulation. Thymic stromal lymphopoietin can activate MAST CELLS; DENDRITIC CELLS; and T-LYMPHOCYTES, and is produced by various cell types, including epithelial and dendritic cells.. |
thymidine | A nucleoside in which THYMINE is linked to DEOXYRIBOSE. |
thymidine monophosphate | 5-Thymidylic acid. A thymine nucleotide containing one phosphate group esterified to the deoxyribose moiety. |
thymidine phosphorylase | An enzyme that catalyzes the transfer of 2-deoxy-D-ribose from THYMIDINE to orthophosphate, thereby liberating thymidine. |
thymine | One of four constituent bases of DNA. |
thymine nucleotides | Phosphate esters of THYMIDINE in N-glycosidic linkage with ribose or deoxyribose, as occurs in nucleic acids. (From Dorland, 28th ed, p1154) |
thymol | A phenol obtained from thyme oil or other volatile oils used as a stabilizer in pharmaceutical preparations, and as an antiseptic (antibacterial or antifungal) agent. |
thymolphthalein | Used as a pH indicator and as a reagent for blood after decolorizing the alkaline solution by boiling with zinc dust. |
thymopentin | Synthetic pentapeptide corresponding to the amino acids 32-36 of thymopoietin and exhibiting the full biological activity of the natural hormone. It is an immunomodulator which has been studied for possible use in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis, AIDS, and other primary immunodeficiencies. |
thymopoietins | Two closely related polypeptides (molecular weight 7,000) isolated from the thymus gland. These hormones induce the differentiation of prothymocytes to thymocytes within the thymus. They also cause a delayed impairment of neuromuscular transmission in vivo and are therefore believed to be the agent responsible for myas... |
thymosin | Thymosin. A family of heat-stable, polypeptide hormones secreted by the thymus gland. Their biological activities include lymphocytopoiesis, restoration of immunological competence and enhancement of expression of T-cell characteristics and function. They have therapeutic potential in patients having primary or seconda... |
thymus hormones | Humoral factors secreted by the thymus gland. They participate in the development of the lymphoid system and the maturation of the cellular immune response. |
thyroid hormones | Natural hormones secreted by the THYROID GLAND, such as THYROXINE, and their synthetic analogs. |
thyroid (usp) | A dehydrated extract of thyroid glands from domesticated animals. After the removal of fat and connective tissue, the extract is dried or lyophilized to yield a yellowish to buff-colored amorphous powder containing 0.17-0.23% of iodine. |
thyronines | A group of metabolites derived from THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE via the peripheral enzymatic removal of iodines from the thyroxine nucleus. Thyronine is the thyroxine nucleus devoid of its four iodine atoms. |
thyrotropin | A glycoprotein hormone secreted by the adenohypophysis (PITUITARY GLAND, ANTERIOR). Thyrotropin stimulates THYROID GLAND by increasing the iodide transport, synthesis and release of thyroid hormones (THYROXINE and TRIIODOTHYRONINE). Thyrotropin consists of two noncovalently linked subunits, alpha and beta. Within a spe... |
thyrotropin alfa | A highly purified recombinant glycoprotein form of human THYROID-STIMULATING HORMONE, produced by recombinant DNA technology comprising two non-covalently linked subunits, an alpha subunit of 92 amino acid residues containing two N-linked glycosylation sites, and a beta subunit of 118 residues containing one N-linked g... |
thyrotropin, beta subunit | The beta subunit of thyroid stimulating hormone, thyrotropin. It is a 112-amino acid glycopolypeptide of about 16 kD. Full biological activity of TSH requires the non-covalently bound heterodimers of an alpha and a beta subunit. |
thyrotropin-releasing hormone | A tripeptide that stimulates the release of THYROTROPIN and PROLACTIN. It is synthesized by the neurons in the PARAVENTRICULAR NUCLEUS of the HYPOTHALAMUS. After being released into the pituitary portal circulation, TRH (was called TRF) stimulates the release of TSH and PRL from the ANTERIOR PITUITARY GLAND. |
thyroxine | The major hormone derived from the thyroid gland. Thyroxine is synthesized via the iodination of tyrosines (MONOIODOTYROSINE) and the coupling of iodotyrosines (DIIODOTYROSINE) in the THYROGLOBULIN. Thyroxine is released from thyroglobulin by proteolysis and secreted into the blood. Thyroxine is peripherally deiodinate... |
thyroxine-binding globulin | A thyroid hormone transport protein found in serum. It binds about 75% of circulating THYROXINE and 70% of circulating TRIIODOTHYRONINE. |
tiagabine | A nipecotic acid derivative that acts as a GABA uptake inhibitor and anticonvulsant agent. It is used in the treatment of EPILEPSY, for refractory PARTIAL SEIZURES. |
tiapamil hydrochloride | A phenylethylamine derivative that acts as a calcium antagonist showing hemodynamic effects in patients with acute myocardial infarction. |
tiapride hydrochloride | A benzamide derivative that is used as a dopamine antagonist. |
ticagrelor | An adenosine triphosphate analogue and reversible P2Y12 PURINORECEPTOR antagonist that inhibits ADP-mediated PLATELET AGGREGATION. It is used for the prevention of THROMBOEMBOLISM by patients with ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME or a history of MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION. |
ticarcillin | An antibiotic derived from penicillin similar to CARBENICILLIN in action. |
ticlopidine | An effective inhibitor of platelet aggregation commonly used in the placement of STENTS in CORONARY ARTERIES. |
ticrynafen | A novel diuretic with uricosuric action. It has been proposed as an antihypertensive agent. |
tigecycline | A tetracycline derivative that acts as a protein synthesis inhibitor. It is used as an antibacterial agent for the systemic treatment of complicated skin and intra-abdominal infections. It is also used for the treatment of community-acquired pneumonia. |
tiletamine | Proposed anesthetic with possible anticonvulsant and sedative properties. |
tilidine | An opioid analgesic used similarly to MORPHINE in the control of moderate to severe pain. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1097) |
tilorone | An antiviral agent used as its hydrochloride. It is the first recognized synthetic, low-molecular-weight compound that is an orally active interferon inducer, and is also reported to have antineoplastic and anti-inflammatory actions. |
timolol | A beta-adrenergic antagonist that is similar in action to PROPRANOLOL; the levo-isomer is more active. Timolol has been proposed as an anti-hypertensive, anti-arrhythmic, anti-angina, and anti-glaucoma agent. It is also used in the treatment of MIGRAINE DISORDERS and tremor. |
tin | A trace element that is required in bone formation. It has the atomic symbol Sn, atomic number 50, and atomic weight 118.71. |
tin compounds | Inorganic compounds that contain tin as an integral part of the molecule. |
tin fluorides | Inorganic fluorides of tin. They include both stannic fluoride (tin tetrafluoride) and stannous fluoride (tin difluoride). The latter is used in the prevention of dental caries. |
tinidazole | A nitroimidazole alkylating agent that is used as an antitrichomonal agent against TRICHOMONAS VAGINALIS; ENTAMOEBA HISTOLYTICA; and GIARDIA LAMBLIA infections. It also acts as an antibacterial agent for the treatment of BACTERIAL VAGINOSIS and anaerobic bacterial infections. |
tin polyphosphates | Poly or pyrophosphates of tin. In conjunction with radioactive technetium these compounds are used as bone-scanning agents and in scintigraphy to diagnose myocardial and cerebral infarction. |
tinzaparin | A low-molecular-weight heparin with anticoagulant properties that is used in the prevention and treatment of VENOUS THROMBOEMBOLISM, and to prevent clotting during EXTRACORPOREAL CIRCULATION. |
tiopronin | Sulfhydryl acylated derivative of GLYCINE. |
tiotropium bromide | A scopolamine derivative and CHOLINERGIC ANTAGONIST that functions as a BRONCHODILATOR AGENT. It is used in the treatment of CHRONIC OBSTRUCTIVE PULMONARY DISEASE. |
tirapazamine | A triazine derivative that introduces breaks into DNA strands in hypoxic cells, sensitizing tumor cells to the cytotoxic activity of other drugs and radiation. |
tirofiban | Tyrosine analog and PLATELET GLYCOPROTEIN GPIIB-IIIA COMPLEX antagonist that inhibits PLATELET AGGREGATION and is used in the treatment of ACUTE CORONARY SYNDROME. |
tissue kallikreins | A family of trypsin-like SERINE ENDOPEPTIDASES that are expressed in a variety of cell types including human prostate epithelial cells. They are formed from tissue prokallikrein by action with TRYPSIN. They are highly similar to PROSTATE-SPECIFIC ANTIGEN. |
tissue plasminogen activator | A proteolytic enzyme in the serine protease family found in many tissues which converts PLASMINOGEN to FIBRINOLYSIN. It has fibrin-binding activity and is immunologically different from UROKINASE-TYPE PLASMINOGEN ACTIVATOR. The primary sequence, composed of 527 amino acids, is identical in both the naturally occurring ... |
tissue polypeptide antigen | Serological tumor marker composed of a molecular complex of cytokeratins 8, 18, and 19. It is used in the diagnosis and staging of bronchogenic carcinoma. |
titanium | A dark-gray, metallic element of widespread distribution but occurring in small amounts with atomic number, 22, atomic weight, 47.867 and symbol, Ti; specific gravity, 4.5; used for fixation of fractures. |
t lineage-specific activation antigen 1 | A T-lymphocyte differentiation antigen recognized by the DX11 MONOCLONAL ANTIBODY and expressed on the majority of peripheral blood T-LYMPHOCYTES where it is involved in their cytolytic function and SIGNAL TRANSDUCTION. |
tnf-related apoptosis-inducing ligand | A transmembrane-protein belonging to the TNF family of intercellular signaling proteins. It is a widely expressed ligand that activates APOPTOSIS by binding to TNF-RELATED APOPTOSIS-INDUCING LIGAND RECEPTORS. The membrane-bound form of the protein can be cleaved by specific CYSTEINE ENDOPEPTIDASES to form a soluble lig... |
tobacco smoke pollution | Contamination of the air by tobacco smoke. |
tobramycin | An aminoglycoside, broad-spectrum antibiotic produced by Streptomyces tenebrarius. It is effective against gram-negative bacteria, especially the PSEUDOMONAS species. It is a 10% component of the antibiotic complex, NEBRAMYCIN, produced by the same species. |
tobramycin, dexamethasone drug combination | A topical preparation of tobramycin and dexamethasone that is used for treating or preventing superficial bacterial infections of the eye. |
tocainide | An antiarrhythmic agent which exerts a potential- and frequency-dependent block of SODIUM CHANNELS. |
tocolytic agents | Drugs that prevent preterm labor and immature birth by suppressing uterine contractions (TOCOLYSIS). Agents used to delay premature uterine activity include magnesium sulfate, beta-mimetics, oxytocin antagonists, calcium channel inhibitors, and adrenergic beta-receptor agonists. The use of intravenous alcohol as a toco... |
tocopherols | A collective name for a group of closely related lipids that contain substitutions on the 2H-1-benzopyran-6-ol nucleus and a long hydrocarbon chain of isoprenoid units. They are antioxidants by virtue of the phenolic hydrogen. Tocopherols react with the most reactive form of oxygen and protect unsaturated fatty acids f... |
tocotrienols | Natural analogs of TOCOPHEROLS exhibiting antioxidant activity. These tocol derivatives and isomers contain a benzopyran ring and an unsaturated isoprenoid side chain. |
todralazine | An antihypertensive agent with both central and peripheral action; it has some central nervous system depressant effects. |
tolazamide | A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. |
tolazoline | A vasodilator that apparently has direct actions on blood vessels and also increases cardiac output. Tolazoline can interact to some degree with histamine, adrenergic, and cholinergic receptors, but the mechanisms of its therapeutic effects are not clear. It is used in treatment of persistent pulmonary hypertension of ... |
tolbutamide | A sulphonylurea hypoglycemic agent with actions and uses similar to those of CHLORPROPAMIDE. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p290) |
tolcapone | A benzophenone and nitrophenol compound that acts as an inhibitor of CATECHOL O-METHYLTRANSFERASE, an enzyme involved in the metabolism of DOPAMINE and LEVODOPA. It is used in the treatment of PARKINSON DISEASE in patients for whom levodopa is ineffective or contraindicated. |
toll-like receptor agonists | Agents that stimulate TOLL-LIKE RECEPTOR signaling, and the activity of both the INNATE IMMUNE RESPONSE and ADAPTIVE IMMUNITY. |
tolloid-like metalloproteinases | A family of metalloproteases that are related to the DROSOPHILA protein tolloid, which is a gene product necessary for dorsal-ventral patterning in early Drosophila embryogenesis. Many members of the group may play a significant role in intercellular signaling. |
tolmetin | A non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agent (ANTI-INFLAMMATORY AGENTS, NON-STEROIDAL) similar in mode of action to INDOMETHACIN. |
tolnaftate | A synthetic antifungal agent. |
tolonium chloride | A phenothiazine that has been used as a hemostatic, a biological stain, and a dye for wool and silk. Tolonium chloride has also been used as a diagnostic aid for oral and gastric neoplasms and in the identification of the parathyroid gland in thyroid surgery. |
tolperisone | A centrally acting muscle relaxant that has been used for the symptomatic treatment of spasticity and muscle spasm. (From Martindale, The Extra Pharmacopoeia, 30th ed, p1211) |
tolterodine tartrate | An ANTIMUSCARINIC AGENT selective for the MUSCARINIC RECEPTORS of the BLADDER that is used in the treatment of URINARY INCONTINENCE and URINARY URGE INCONTINENCE. |
toluene | A widely used industrial solvent. |
toluene 2,4-diisocyanate | Skin irritant and allergen used in the manufacture of polyurethane foams and other elastomers. |
toluidines | Any of three isomeric compounds (ortho-, meta-, and para-) containing a benzene ring with a methyl and amino group attached to it. They are suspected CARCINOGENS. |
tolvaptan | A benzazepine derivative and selective VASOPRESSIN V2 RECEPTOR antagonist that is used to treat euvolemic and hypervolemic HYPONATREMIA. It is also used in the treatment of rapidly progressing AUTOSOMAL DOMINANT POLYCYSTIC KIDNEY DISEASE to slow the rate of cyst development and renal insufficiency. |
tomatine | An alkaloid that occurs in the extract of leaves of wild tomato plants. It has been found to inhibit the growth of various fungi and bacteria. It is used as a precipitating agent for steroids. (From The Merck Index, 11th ed) |
tooth bleaching agents | Chemicals that are used to oxidize pigments in TEETH and thus effect whitening. |
topiramate | A sulfamate-substituted fructose analog that was originally identified as a hypoglycemic agent. It is used for the treatment of EPILEPSY and MIGRAINE DISORDERS, and may also promote weight loss. |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.