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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clique%20problem | In computer science, the clique problem is the computational problem of finding cliques (subsets of vertices, all adjacent to each other, also called complete subgraphs) in a graph. It has several different formulations depending on which cliques, and what information about the cliques, should be found. Common formulat... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biosophy | Biosophy, meaning wisdom of life, is "the science and art of intelligent living based on the awareness and practice of spiritual values, ethical-social principles and character qualities essential to individual freedom and social harmony". It stands in relation to biology, which can be broadly described as the understa... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Increase%20A.%20Lapham | Increase Allen Lapham (March 7, 1811 – September 14, 1875) was an American author, scientist, and naturalist, whose work focused primarily on the what is now the U.S. state of Wisconsin. He made maps of the area and published numerous books on the archaeology, biology, and geology of the region, and discovered both the... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/System%20of%20equations | In mathematics, a set of simultaneous equations, also known as a system of equations or an equation system, is a finite set of equations for which common solutions are sought. An equation system is usually classified in the same manner as single equations, namely as a:
System of linear equations,
System of nonlinear... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treap | In computer science, the treap and the randomized binary search tree are two closely related forms of binary search tree data structures that maintain a dynamic set of ordered keys and allow binary searches among the keys. After any sequence of insertions and deletions of keys, the shape of the tree is a random variabl... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adleman | Adleman is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Leonard Adleman (born 1945), American theoretical computer scientist and professor of computer science and molecular biology
Robert H. Adleman (1919–1995), American novelist and historian
Tim Adleman (born 1987), American baseball player
See also
Ade... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basal%20rate | Basal rate, in biology, is the rate of continuous supply of some chemical or process. In the case of diabetes mellitus, it is a low rate of continuous insulin supply needed for such purposes as controlling cellular glucose and amino acid uptake.
Together with a bolus of insulin, the basal insulin completes the total i... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary%20logarithm | In mathematics, the binary logarithm () is the power to which the number must be raised to obtain the value . That is, for any real number ,
For example, the binary logarithm of is , the binary logarithm of is , the binary logarithm of is , and the binary logarithm of is .
The binary logarithm is the logarithm t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cos | Cos, COS, CoS, coS or Cos. may refer to:
Mathematics, science and technology
Carbonyl sulfide
Class of service (CoS or COS), a network header field defined by the IEEE 802.1p task group
Class of service (COS), a parameter in telephone systems
Cobalt sulfide
COS cells, cell lines COS-1 and COS-7
Cosine, a trigono... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Effective%20results%20in%20number%20theory | For historical reasons and in order to have application to the solution of Diophantine equations, results in number theory have been scrutinised more than in other branches of mathematics to see if their content is effectively computable. Where it is asserted that some list of integers is finite, the question is whethe... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Projection | Projection, projections or projective may refer to:
Physics
Projection (physics), the action/process of light, heat, or sound reflecting from a surface to another in a different direction
The display of images by a projector
Optics, graphics, and cartography
Map projection, reducing the surface of a three-dimens... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Bowering | George Harry Bowering, (born December 1, 1935) is a prolific Canadian novelist, poet, historian, and biographer. He was the first Canadian Parliamentary Poet Laureate.
He was born in Penticton, British Columbia, and raised in the nearby town of Oliver, where his father was a high-school chemistry teacher. Bowering is... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hitachi%20917 | The Hitachi 917 is an automated biochemistry analyser used by medical laboratories to process biological fluid specimens, such as urine, cerebrospinal fluid, and most commonly, blood.
Manufactured by Boehringer Mannheim, the Hitachi 917 is a commonly used routine chemical bichromatic analyser. Capable of doing 1200 te... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Implicit%20function | In mathematics, an implicit equation is a relation of the form where is a function of several variables (often a polynomial). For example, the implicit equation of the unit circle is
An implicit function is a function that is defined by an implicit equation, that relates one of the variables, considered as the valu... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Existence%20theorem | In mathematics, an existence theorem is a theorem which asserts the existence of a certain object. It might be a statement which begins with the phrase "there exist(s)", or it might be a universal statement whose last quantifier is existential (e.g., "for all , , ... there exist(s) ..."). In the formal terms of symboli... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monodromy | In mathematics, monodromy is the study of how objects from mathematical analysis, algebraic topology, algebraic geometry and differential geometry behave as they "run round" a singularity. As the name implies, the fundamental meaning of monodromy comes from "running round singly". It is closely associated with coverin... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary%20of%20ring%20theory | Ring theory is the branch of mathematics in which rings are studied: that is, structures supporting both an addition and a multiplication operation. This is a glossary of some terms of the subject.
For the items in commutative algebra (the theory of commutative rings), see Glossary of commutative algebra. For ring-the... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadratic%20form | In mathematics, a quadratic form is a polynomial with terms all of degree two ("form" is another name for a homogeneous polynomial). For example,
is a quadratic form in the variables and . The coefficients usually belong to a fixed field , such as the real or complex numbers, and one speaks of a quadratic form over ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Venn | John Venn, FRS, FSA (4 August 1834 – 4 April 1923) was an English mathematician, logician and philosopher noted for introducing Venn diagrams, which are used in logic, set theory, probability, statistics, and computer science. In 1866, Venn published The Logic of Chance, a groundbreaking book which espoused the frequen... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analytic%20number%20theory | In mathematics, analytic number theory is a branch of number theory that uses methods from mathematical analysis to solve problems about the integers. It is often said to have begun with Peter Gustav Lejeune Dirichlet's 1837 introduction of Dirichlet L-functions to give the first proof of Dirichlet's theorem on arithme... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quartic%20equation | In mathematics, a quartic equation is one which can be expressed as a quartic function equaling zero. The general form of a quartic equation is
where a ≠ 0.
The quartic is the highest order polynomial equation that can be solved by radicals in the general case (i.e., one in which the coefficients can take any value).... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DFT | DFT may refer to:
Businesses and organisations
Department for Transport, United Kingdom
Digital Film Technology, maker of the Spirit DataCine film digitising scanner
DuPont Fabros Technology, a US data center company (by NYSE ticker)
Science and mathematics
Decision field theory, a human cognitive decision-making m... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acute | Acute may refer to:
Language
Acute accent, a diacritic used in many modern written languages
Acute (phonetic), a perceptual classification
Science and mathematics
Acute angle
Acute triangle
Acute, a leaf shape in the glossary of leaf morphology
Acute (medicine), a disease that it is of short duration and of rec... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Language%20technology | Language technology, often called human language technology (HLT), studies methods of how computer programs or electronic devices can analyze, produce, modify or respond to human texts and speech. Working with language technology often requires broad knowledge not only about linguistics but also about computer science.... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radical%20of%20an%20ideal | In ring theory, a branch of mathematics, the radical of an ideal of a commutative ring is another ideal defined by the property that an element is in the radical if and only if some power of is in . Taking the radical of an ideal is called radicalization. A radical ideal (or semiprime ideal) is an ideal that is equa... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yang%20Chen-Ning | Yang Chen-Ning or Chen-Ning Yang (; born 1 October 1922), also known as C. N. Yang or by the English name Frank Yang, is a Chinese theoretical physicist who made significant contributions to statistical mechanics, integrable systems, gauge theory, and both particle physics and condensed matter physics. He and Tsung-Dao... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tsung-Dao%20Lee | Tsung-Dao Lee (; born November 24, 1926) is a Chinese-American physicist, known for his work on parity violation, the Lee–Yang theorem, particle physics, relativistic heavy ion (RHIC) physics, nontopological solitons, and soliton stars. He was a University Professor Emeritus at Columbia University in New York City, whe... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melt | Melt may refer to:
Science and technology
Melting, in physics, the process of heating a solid substance to a liquid
Melt (manufacturing), the semi-liquid material used in steelmaking and glassblowing
Melt (geology), magma
Melt inclusions, a feature of igneous rock
Meltwater, water released from the thawing of sno... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intersection%20%28disambiguation%29 | Intersection or intersect may refer to:
Intersection in mathematics, including:
Intersection (set theory), the set of elements common to some collection of sets
Intersection (geometry)
Intersection theory
Intersection (road), a place where two roads meet (line-line intersection)
Intersection (aviation), a virtua... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chien-Shiung%20Wu | Chien-Shiung Wu (; May 31, 1912 – February 16, 1997) was a Chinese-American particle and experimental physicist who made significant contributions in the fields of nuclear and particle physics. Wu worked on the Manhattan Project, where she helped develop the process for separating uranium into uranium-235 and uranium-2... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Resistive%20force | In physics, resistive force is a force, or the vector sum of numerous forces, whose direction is opposite to the motion of a body, and may refer to:
Friction, during sliding and/or rolling
Drag (physics), during movement through a fluid (see fluid dynamics)
Normal force, exerted reactionally back on the acting body... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nilpotent | In mathematics, an element of a ring is called nilpotent if there exists some positive integer , called the index (or sometimes the degree), such that .
The term, along with its sister idempotent, was introduced by Benjamin Peirce in the context of his work on the classification of algebras.
Examples
This definit... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orbit%20%28dynamics%29 | In mathematics, specifically in the study of dynamical systems, an orbit is a collection of points related by the evolution function of the dynamical system. It can be understood as the subset of phase space covered by the trajectory of the dynamical system under a particular set of initial conditions, as the system ev... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yuan%20T.%20Lee | Yuan Tseh Lee (; born 19 November 1936) is a Taiwanese chemist and a Professor Emeritus at the University of California, Berkeley. He was the first Taiwanese Nobel Prize laureate who, along with the Hungarian-Canadian John C. Polanyi and American Dudley R. Herschbach, won the Nobel Prize in Chemistry in 1986 "for their... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heritage | Heritage may refer to:
History and society
A heritage asset is a preexisting thing of value today
Cultural heritage is created by humans
Natural heritage is not
Heritage language
Biology
Heredity, biological inheritance of physical characteristics
Kinship, the relationship between entities that share a genealog... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simplicial%20complex | In mathematics, a simplicial complex is a set composed of points, line segments, triangles, and their n-dimensional counterparts (see illustration). Simplicial complexes should not be confused with the more abstract notion of a simplicial set appearing in modern simplicial homotopy theory. The purely combinatorial coun... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit%20disk | In mathematics, the open unit disk (or disc) around P (where P is a given point in the plane), is the set of points whose distance from P is less than 1:
The closed unit disk around P is the set of points whose distance from P is less than or equal to one:
Unit disks are special cases of disks and unit balls; as such... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological%20model%20of%20competition | The ecological model of competition is a reassessment of the nature of competition in the economy. Traditional economics models the economy on the principles of physics (force, equilibrium, inertia, momentum, and linear relationships). This can be seen in the economics lexicon: terms like labour force, market equilibri... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Stokes | George Stokes may refer to:
Sir George Stokes, 1st Baronet (George Gabriel Stokes, 1819–1903), Irish mathematician and physicist
List of things named after George Gabriel Stokes
Sir George Stokes Award (colloquially the Stokes Medal), awarded by the Analytical Division of the Royal Society of Chemistry, biennially
... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knuth%E2%80%93Morris%E2%80%93Pratt%20algorithm | In computer science, the Knuth–Morris–Pratt algorithm (or KMP algorithm) is a string-searching algorithm that searches for occurrences of a "word" W within a main "text string" S by employing the observation that when a mismatch occurs, the word itself embodies sufficient information to determine where the next match c... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimension%20of%20an%20algebraic%20variety | In mathematics and specifically in algebraic geometry, the dimension of an algebraic variety may be defined in various equivalent ways.
Some of these definitions are of geometric nature, while some other are purely algebraic and rely on commutative algebra. Some are restricted to algebraic varieties while others apply... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavel%20Cherenkov | Pavel Alekseyevich Cherenkov ( ; July 28, 1904 – January 6, 1990) was a Soviet physicist who shared the Nobel Prize in physics in 1958 with Ilya Frank and Igor Tamm for the discovery of Cherenkov radiation, made in 1934.
Biography
Cherenkov was born in 1904 to Alexey Cherenkov and Mariya Cherenkova in the small vill... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebraic%20curve | In mathematics, an affine algebraic plane curve is the zero set of a polynomial in two variables. A projective algebraic plane curve is the zero set in a projective plane of a homogeneous polynomial in three variables. An affine algebraic plane curve can be completed in a projective algebraic plane curve by homogenizin... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michaelis%E2%80%93Menten%20kinetics | In biochemistry, Michaelis–Menten kinetics, named after Leonor Michaelis and Maud Menten, is the simplest case of enzyme kinetics, applied to enzyme-catalysed reactions of one substrate and one product. It takes the form of an equation describing the rate reaction rate (rate of formation of product P, with concentrati... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joppa | Joppa (a latinization of the 4th century Greek name, Ἰόππη) appears in the Bible as the name of the Israeli city of Jaffa.
Joppa may also refer to:
Biology
Joppa (wasp), a genus of parasitoid wasp in the family Ichneumonidae
Places
United Kingdom
Joppa, Edinburgh, in the eastern suburbs of Edinburgh, Scotland
Jop... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbonation | Carbonation is the chemical reaction of carbon dioxide to give carbonates, bicarbonates, and carbonic acid. In chemistry, the term is sometimes used in place of carboxylation, which refers to the formation of carboxylic acids.
In inorganic chemistry and geology, carbonation is common. Metal hydroxides (MOH) and metal... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DNA%20computing | DNA computing is an emerging branch of unconventional computing which uses DNA, biochemistry, and molecular biology hardware, instead of the traditional electronic computing. Research and development in this area concerns theory, experiments, and applications of DNA computing. Although the field originally started wit... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Well-defined%20expression | In mathematics, a well-defined expression or unambiguous expression is an expression whose definition assigns it a unique interpretation or value. Otherwise, the expression is said to be not well defined, ill defined or ambiguous. A function is well defined if it gives the same result when the representation of the inp... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Implied%20volatility | In financial mathematics, the implied volatility (IV) of an option contract is that value of the volatility of the underlying instrument which, when input in an option pricing model (such as Black–Scholes), will return a theoretical value equal to the current market price of said option. A non-option financial instrum... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Double%20bond | In chemistry, a double bond is a covalent bond between two atoms involving four bonding electrons as opposed to two in a single bond. Double bonds occur most commonly between two carbon atoms, for example in alkenes. Many double bonds exist between two different elements: for example, in a carbonyl group between a carb... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binomial%20heap | In computer science, a binomial heap is a data structure that acts as a priority queue but also allows pairs of heaps to be merged.
It is important as an implementation of the mergeable heap abstract data type (also called meldable heap), which is a priority queue supporting merge operation. It is implemented as a heap... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibonacci%20heap | In computer science, a Fibonacci heap is a data structure for priority queue operations, consisting of a collection of heap-ordered trees. It has a better amortized running time than many other priority queue data structures including the binary heap and binomial heap. Michael L. Fredman and Robert E. Tarjan developed... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.%20C.%20R.%20Licklider | Joseph Carl Robnett Licklider (; March 11, 1915 – June 26, 1990), known simply as J. C. R. or "Lick", was an American psychologist and computer scientist who is considered to be among the most prominent figures in computer science development and general computing history.
He is particularly remembered for being one o... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Proof%20of%20Bertrand%27s%20postulate | In mathematics, Bertrand's postulate (actually now a theorem) states that for each there is a prime such that . First conjectured in 1845 by Joseph Bertrand, it was first proven by Chebyshev, and a shorter but also advanced proof was given by Ramanujan.
The following elementary proof was published by Paul Erdős in 1... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical%20fallacy | In mathematics, certain kinds of mistaken proof are often exhibited, and sometimes collected, as illustrations of a concept called mathematical fallacy. There is a distinction between a simple mistake and a mathematical fallacy in a proof, in that a mistake in a proof leads to an invalid proof while in the best-known e... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shirley%20M.%20Tilghman | Shirley Marie Tilghman, (; née Caldwell; born 17 September 1946) is a Canadian scholar in molecular biology and an academic administrator. She is now a professor of molecular biology and public policy and president emerita of Princeton University. In 2002, Discover magazine recognized her as one of the 50 most importa... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis%20N%C3%A9el | Louis Eugène Félix Néel (22 November 1904 – 17 November 2000) was a French physicist born in Lyon who received the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1970 for his studies of the magnetic properties of solids.
Biography
Néel studied at the Lycée du Parc in Lyon and was accepted at the École Normale Supérieure in Paris. He obt... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alkoxy%20group | In chemistry, the alkoxy group is an alkyl group which is singularly bonded to oxygen; thus . The range of alkoxy groups is vast, the simplest being methoxy (). An ethoxy group () is found in the organic compound ethyl phenyl ether (, also known as ethoxybenzene).
Related to alkoxy groups are aryloxy groups, which h... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isometry | In mathematics, an isometry (or congruence, or congruent transformation) is a distance-preserving transformation between metric spaces, usually assumed to be bijective. The word isometry is derived from the Ancient Greek: ἴσος isos meaning "equal", and μέτρον metron meaning "measure".
Introduction
Given a metric spa... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Band-pass%20filter | A band-pass filter or bandpass filter (BPF) is a device that passes frequencies within a certain range and rejects (attenuates) frequencies outside that range.
Description
In electronics and signal processing, a filter is usually a two-port circuit or device which removes frequency components of a signal (an alternati... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tensor%20%28intrinsic%20definition%29 | In mathematics, the modern component-free approach to the theory of a tensor views a tensor as an abstract object, expressing some definite type of multilinear concept. Their properties can be derived from their definitions, as linear maps or more generally; and the rules for manipulations of tensors arise as an exten... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamo%20theory | In physics, the dynamo theory proposes a mechanism by which a celestial body such as Earth or a star generates a magnetic field. The dynamo theory describes the process through which a rotating, convecting, and electrically conducting fluid can maintain a magnetic field over astronomical time scales. A dynamo is thoug... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phenacyl%20chloride | Phenacyl chloride, also commonly known as chloroacetophenone, is a substituted acetophenone. It is a useful building block in organic chemistry. Apart from that, it has been historically used as a riot control agent, where it is designated CN. It should not be confused with cyanide, another agent used in chemical warfa... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head-driven%20phrase%20structure%20grammar | Head-driven phrase structure grammar (HPSG) is a highly lexicalized, constraint-based grammar
developed by Carl Pollard and Ivan Sag. It is a type of phrase structure grammar, as opposed to a dependency grammar, and it is the immediate successor to generalized phrase structure grammar. HPSG draws from other fields suc... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluorescent%20tag | In molecular biology and biotechnology, a fluorescent tag, also known as a fluorescent label or fluorescent probe, is a molecule that is attached chemically to aid in the detection of a biomolecule such as a protein, antibody, or amino acid. Generally, fluorescent tagging, or labeling, uses a reactive derivative of a ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leeuwenhoek%20Medal | The Leeuwenhoek Medal, established in 1875 by the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), in honor of the 17th- and 18th-century microscopist Antoni van Leeuwenhoek, is granted every ten years to the scientist judged to have made the most significant contribution to microbiology during the preceding deca... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Tait%20%28physicist%29 | Peter Guthrie Tait (28 April 18314 July 1901) was a Scottish mathematical physicist and early pioneer in thermodynamics. He is best known for the mathematical physics textbook Treatise on Natural Philosophy, which he co-wrote with Lord Kelvin, and his early investigations into knot theory.
His work on knot theory con... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Experimental%20mathematics | Experimental mathematics is an approach to mathematics in which computation is used to investigate mathematical objects and identify properties and patterns. It has been defined as "that branch of mathematics that concerns itself ultimately with the codification and transmission of insights within the mathematical comm... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power%20kite | A power kite or traction kite is a large kite designed to provide significant pull to the user.
Types
The two most common forms are the foil, and the leading edge inflatable. There are also other less common types of power kite including rigid-framed kites and soft single skin kites. There are several different contr... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cajal%20Institute | The Cajal Institute (IC) is a research center in neurobiology which belongs to the Spanish National Research Council (CSIC). The IC originates from the Laboratorio de Investigaciones Biológicas, founded in 1900 by order of King Alfonso XIII on the occasion of the Moscow Prize to Santiago Ramón y Cajal (1852–1934). Foll... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathematical%20problem | A mathematical problem is a problem that can be represented, analyzed, and possibly solved, with the methods of mathematics. This can be a real-world problem, such as computing the orbits of the planets in the solar system, or a problem of a more abstract nature, such as Hilbert's problems. It can also be a problem ref... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tensor%20field | In mathematics and physics, a tensor field assigns a tensor to each point of a mathematical space (typically a Euclidean space or manifold). Tensor fields are used in differential geometry, algebraic geometry, general relativity, in the analysis of stress and strain in materials, and in numerous applications in the ph... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Heath%20%28classicist%29 | Sir Thomas Little Heath (; 5 October 1861 – 16 March 1940) was a British civil servant, mathematician, classical scholar, historian of ancient Greek mathematics, translator, and mountaineer. He was educated at Clifton College. Heath translated works of Euclid of Alexandria, Apollonius of Perga, Aristarchus of Samos, a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knuth%27s%20up-arrow%20notation | In mathematics, Knuth's up-arrow notation is a method of notation for very large integers, introduced by Donald Knuth in 1976.
In his 1947 paper, R. L. Goodstein introduced the specific sequence of operations that are now called hyperoperations. Goodstein also suggested the Greek names tetration, pentation, etc., for ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tadorna | The shelducks, most species of which are found in the genus Tadorna (except for the Radjah shelduck, which is now found in its own monotypic genus Radjah), are a group of large birds in the Tadorninae subfamily of the Anatidae, the biological family that includes the ducks and most duck-like waterfowl such as the geese... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thermal%20analysis | Thermal analysis is a branch of materials science where the properties of materials are studied as they change with temperature. Several methods are commonly used – these are distinguished from one another by the property which is measured:
Dielectric thermal analysis: dielectric permittivity and loss factor
Diffe... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IOP | IOP may refer to:
Organizations
Institute of Optronics, a Pakistani technical organization
Institute of Physics, London-based professional association for physicists
IOP Publishing, its publishing company
Institute of Physics, Bhubaneswar, an Indian research institute
Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuro... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergodic%20hypothesis | In physics and thermodynamics, the ergodic hypothesis says that, over long periods of time, the time spent by a system in some region of the phase space of microstates with the same energy is proportional to the volume of this region, i.e., that all accessible microstates are equiprobable over a long period of time.
L... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergodic%20theory | Ergodic theory is a branch of mathematics that studies statistical properties of deterministic dynamical systems; it is the study of ergodicity. In this context, "statistical properties" refers to properties which are expressed through the behavior of time averages of various functions along trajectories of dynamical s... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City%20Technology%20College | In England, a City Technology College (CTC) is an urban all-ability specialist school for students aged 11 to 18 specialising in science, technology and mathematics. They charge no fees and are independent of local authority control, being overseen directly by the Department for Education. One fifth of the capital cost... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saltatory%20conduction | In neuroscience, saltatory conduction () is the propagation of action potentials along myelinated axons from one node of Ranvier to the next node, increasing the conduction velocity of action potentials. The uninsulated nodes of Ranvier are the only places along the axon where ions are exchanged across the axon membran... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twistor%20theory | In theoretical physics, twistor theory was proposed by Roger Penrose in 1967 as a possible path to quantum gravity and has evolved into a widely studied branch of theoretical and mathematical physics. Penrose's idea was that twistor space should be the basic arena for physics from which space-time itself should emerge.... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20information%20retrieval | Music information retrieval (MIR) is the interdisciplinary science of retrieving information from music. Those involved in MIR may have a background in academic musicology, psychoacoustics, psychology, signal processing, informatics, machine learning, optical music recognition, computational intelligence or some combin... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypothetical%20imperative | A hypothetical imperative (German: hypothetischer Imperativ) is originally introduced in the philosophical writings of Immanuel Kant. This sort of imperative is contrasted with a categorical imperative.
Overview
It is first mentioned in Section II of Groundworks of the Metaphysics of Morals. Kant defined it as the fo... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joint%20European%20Torus | The Joint European Torus, or JET, is an operational magnetically confined plasma physics experiment, located at Culham Centre for Fusion Energy in Oxfordshire, UK. Based on a tokamak design, the fusion research facility is a joint European project with a main purpose of opening the way to future nuclear fusion grid ene... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dimerization%20%28chemistry%29 | In chemistry, dimerization refers to the process of joining two molecular entities by bonds. The resulting bonds can be either strong or weak. Many symmetrical chemical species are described as dimers, even when the monomer is unknown or highly unstable.
The term homodimer is used when the two subunits are identical ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasma%20cosmology | Plasma cosmology is a non-standard cosmology whose central postulate is that the dynamics of ionized gases and plasmas play important, if not dominant, roles in the physics of the universe at interstellar and intergalactic scales. In contrast, the current observations and models of cosmologists and astrophysicists exp... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymorphism%20%28computer%20science%29 | In programming language theory and type theory, polymorphism is the provision of a single interface to entities of different types or the use of a single symbol to represent multiple different types. The concept is borrowed from a principle in biology where an organism or species can have many different forms or stages... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monochrome | A monochrome or monochromatic image, object or palette is composed of one color (or values of one color). Images using only shades of grey are called grayscale (typically digital) or black-and-white (typically analog). In physics, monochromatic light refers to electromagnetic radiation that contains a narrow band of wa... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frogmouth | The frogmouths (Podargidae) are a group of nocturnal birds related to owlet-nightjars, swifts, and hummingbirds. Species in the group are distributed in the Indomalayan and Australasian realms.
Biology
They are named for their large flattened hooked bill and huge frog-like gape, which they use to capture insects. The ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superplasticity | In materials science, superplasticity is a state in which solid crystalline material is deformed well beyond its usual breaking point, usually over about 400% during tensile deformation. Such a state is usually achieved at high homologous temperature. Examples of superplastic materials are some fine-grained metals and... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Rankine | William John Macquorn Rankine (; 5 July 1820 – 24 December 1872) was a Scottish mechanical engineer who also contributed to civil engineering, physics and mathematics. He was a founding contributor, with Rudolf Clausius and William Thomson (Lord Kelvin), to the science of thermodynamics, particularly focusing on its F... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cycle%20space | In graph theory, a branch of mathematics, the (binary) cycle space of an undirected graph is the set of its even-degree subgraphs.
This set of subgraphs can be described algebraically as a vector space over the two-element finite field. The dimension of this space is the circuit rank of the graph. The same space can a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetric%20difference | In mathematics, the symmetric difference of two sets, also known as the disjunctive union and set sum, is the set of elements which are in either of the sets, but not in their intersection. For example, the symmetric difference of the sets and is .
The symmetric difference of the sets A and B is commonly denoted by ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harmonic%20progression | Harmonic progression may refer to:
Chord progression in music
Harmonic progression (mathematics)
Sequence (music) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20T%C3%BCbingen | The University of Tübingen, officially the Eberhard Karl University of Tübingen (; ), is a public research university located in the city of Tübingen, Baden-Württemberg, Germany.
The University of Tübingen is one of eleven German Excellence Universities. The University of Tübingen is especially known as a centre for t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translation%20%28biology%29 | In biology, translation is the process in living cells in which proteins are produced using RNA molecules as templates. The generated protein is a sequence of amino acids. This sequence is determined by the sequence of nucleotides in the RNA. The nucleotides are considered three at a time. Each such triple results in a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Translation%20%28disambiguation%29 | Translation is the conversion of text from one language to another.
Science
Translation studies, the systematic study of the theory, description and application of translation, interpreting, and localization
Translation (biology), part of the biological process of protein biosynthesis from messenger RNA
Frequency ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Negative%20mass | In theoretical physics, negative mass is a hypothetical type of exotic matter whose mass is of opposite sign to the mass of normal matter, e.g. −1 kg. Such matter would violate one or more energy conditions and show some strange properties such as the oppositely oriented acceleration for an applied force orientation. I... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Audio%20effect | Audio effect may refer to:
Sound effect, a recorded or performed sound for a movie or play
Modification of sound produced by an effects unit
See also
Audio signal processing |
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