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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degeneracy%20%28mathematics%29 | In mathematics, a degenerate case is a limiting case of a class of objects which appears to be qualitatively different from (and usually simpler than) the rest of the class, and the term degeneracy is the condition of being a degenerate case.
The definitions of many classes of composite or structured objects often imp... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron%20degeneracy%20pressure | In astrophysics and condensed matter, electron degeneracy pressure is a quantum mechanical effect critical to understanding the stability of white dwarf stars and metal solids. It is a manifestation of the more general phenomenon of quantum degeneracy pressure.
In metals and white dwarf stars, electrons can be modele... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zip | Zip, Zips or ZIP may refer to:
Common uses
ZIP Code, USPS postal code
Zipper or zip, clothing fastener
Science and technology
Computing
ZIP (file format), a compressed archive file format
zip, a command-line program from Info-ZIP
Zipping (computer science), or zip, reorganizing lists of lists
Zip drive, a remo... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dob | DOB or Dob often refers to date of birth.
DOB or Dob may also refer to:
Biochemistry
2,5-dimethoxy-4-bromoamphetamine, Bromo-DMA, a psychedelic drug
Meta-DOB, related substance
Methyl-DOB, related substance
HLA-DOB, human gene
Organizations
Daughters of Bilitis, an international lesbian and feminist organizatio... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rate-monotonic%20scheduling | In computer science, rate-monotonic scheduling (RMS) is a priority assignment algorithm used in real-time operating systems (RTOS) with a static-priority scheduling class. The static priorities are assigned according to the cycle duration of the job, so a shorter cycle duration results in a higher job priority.
These ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radio%20control | Radio control (often abbreviated to RC) is the use of control signals transmitted by radio to remotely control a device. Examples of simple radio control systems are garage door openers and keyless entry systems for vehicles, in which a small handheld radio transmitter unlocks or opens doors. Radio control is also use... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Borwein%27s%20algorithm | In mathematics, Borwein's algorithm is an algorithm devised by Jonathan and Peter Borwein to calculate the value of . They devised several other algorithms. They published the book Pi and the AGM – A Study in Analytic Number Theory and Computational Complexity.
Ramanujan–Sato series
These two are examples of a Ramanu... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine%20learning | Machine learning (ML) is a field of study in artificial intelligence concerned with the development and study of statistical algorithms that can effectively generalize and thus perform tasks without explicit instructions. Recently, generative artificial neural networks have been able to surpass many previous approaches... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unsupervised%20learning | Unsupervised learning is a paradigm in machine learning where, in contrast to supervised learning and semi-supervised learning, algorithms learn patterns exclusively from unlabeled data.
Neural networks
Tasks vs. methods
Neural network tasks are often categorized as discriminative (recognition) or generative (imagi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fr%C3%A9chet%20space | In functional analysis and related areas of mathematics, Fréchet spaces, named after Maurice Fréchet, are special topological vector spaces.
They are generalizations of Banach spaces (normed vector spaces that are complete with respect to the metric induced by the norm).
All Banach and Hilbert spaces are Fréchet spac... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Affective%20computing | Affective computing is the study and development of systems and devices that can recognize, interpret, process, and simulate human affects. It is an interdisciplinary field spanning computer science, psychology, and cognitive science. While some core ideas in the field may be traced as far back as to early philosophica... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dynamic%20programming%20language | In computer science, a dynamic programming language is a class of high-level programming languages, which at runtime execute many common programming behaviours that static programming languages perform during compilation. These behaviors could include an extension of the program, by adding new code, by extending object... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Woody | Woody may refer to:
Biology
Pertaining to wood, a plant tissue and material
Woody plant, a plant with a rigid stem containing wood
Pertaining to woodland, land covered with trees
Woody, slang for a penile erection
People and fictional characters
Woody (name), a list of people and fictional characters with the gi... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concern%20%28computer%20science%29 | In computer science, a concern is a particular set of information that has an effect on the code of a computer program. A concern can be as general as the details of database interaction or as specific as performing a primitive calculation, depending on the level of conversation between developers and the program being... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurice%20Wilkins | Maurice Hugh Frederick Wilkins (15 December 1916 – 5 October 2004) was a New Zealand-born British biophysicist and Nobel laureate whose research spanned multiple areas of physics and biophysics, contributing to the scientific understanding of phosphorescence, isotope separation, optical microscopy and X-ray diffractio... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Separation%20of%20concerns | In computer science, separation of concerns is a design principle for separating a computer program into distinct sections. Each section addresses a separate concern, a set of information that affects the code of a computer program. A concern can be as general as "the details of the hardware for an application", or as ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20things%20named%20after%20James%20Joseph%20Sylvester | The mathematician J. J. Sylvester was known for his ability to coin new names and new notation for mathematical objects, not based on his own name. Nevertheless, many objects and results in mathematics have come to be named after him:
The Sylvester–Gallai theorem, on the existence of a line with only two of n given po... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Join%20point | In computer science, a join point is a point in the control flow of a program where the control flow can arrive via two different paths. In particular, it's a basic block that has more than one predecessor. In aspect-oriented programming a set of join points is called a pointcut. A join point is a specification of when... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automorphic%20number | In mathematics, an automorphic number (sometimes referred to as a circular number) is a natural number in a given number base whose square "ends" in the same digits as the number itself.
Definition and properties
Given a number base , a natural number with digits is an automorphic number if is a fixed point of the... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Automorphic | Automorphic may refer to
Automorphic number, in mathematics
Automorphic form, in mathematics
Automorphic representation, in mathematics
Automorphic L-function, in mathematics
Automorphism, in mathematics
Rock microstructure#Crystal shapes |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CO | CO or variants may refer to:
Chemistry
Carbon monoxide (CO), a colorless, odorless, and tasteless gas
Carbonyl group, composed of a carbon atom double-bonded to an oxygen atom: C=O
Cobalt, a chemical element, symbol Co
Computing and telecommunications
.co (second-level domain), the Internet second-level domain... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famoxadone | Famoxadone is a fungicide to protect agricultural products against various fungal diseases on fruiting vegetables, tomatoes, potatoes, curcurbits, lettuce and grapes. It is used in combination with cymoxanil. Famoxadone is a QI, albeit with a chemistry different from most QIs. (It is an oxazolidine-dione while most are... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Joseph%20Sylvester | James Joseph Sylvester (3 September 1814 – 15 March 1897) was an English mathematician. He made fundamental contributions to matrix theory, invariant theory, number theory, partition theory, and combinatorics. He played a leadership role in American mathematics in the later half of the 19th century as a professor at ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HST | HST may refer to:
Science and technology
The Hubble Space Telescope
Harvard–MIT Program of Health Sciences and Technology
The history of science and technology
High-speed telegraphy, a radiosport
High-Speed Transfer, a USRobotics modem protocol
Highstand systems tract, in the sequence stratigraphy branch of geo... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distributed%20memory | In computer science, distributed memory refers to a multiprocessor computer system in which each processor has its own private memory. Computational tasks can only operate on local data, and if remote data are required, the computational task must communicate with one or more remote processors. In contrast, a shared me... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dispatch%20table | In computer science, a dispatch table is a table of pointers or memory addresses to functions or methods. Use of such a table is a common technique when implementing late binding in object-oriented programming.
Perl implementation
The following shows one way to implement a dispatch table in Perl, using a hash to sto... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nth%20root | In mathematics, taking the nth root is an operation involving two numbers, the radicand and the index or degree. Taking the nth root is written as , where is the radicand and n is the index (also sometimes called the degree). This is pronounced as "the nth root of x". The definition then of an nth root of a number x i... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index%20of%20cryptography%20articles | Articles related to cryptography include:
A
A5/1 •
A5/2 •
ABA digital signature guidelines •
ABC (stream cipher) •
Abraham Sinkov •
Acoustic cryptanalysis •
Adaptive chosen-ciphertext attack •
Adaptive chosen plaintext and chosen ciphertext attack •
Advantage (cryptography) •
ADFGVX cipher •
Adi Sh... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Random%20walk | In mathematics, a random walk, sometimes known as a drunkard's walk, is a random process that describes a path that consists of a succession of random steps on some mathematical space.
An elementary example of a random walk is the random walk on the integer number line which starts at 0, and at each step moves +1 or ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Sedgewick%20%28computer%20scientist%29 | Robert Sedgewick (born December 20, 1946) is an American computer scientist. He is the founding chair and the William O. Baker Professor in Computer Science at Princeton University and was a member of the board of directors of Adobe Systems (1990–2016). He previously served on the faculty at Brown University and has he... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erwin%20Chargaff | Erwin Chargaff (11 August 1905 – 20 June 2002) was an Austro-Hungarian-born American biochemist, writer, Bucovinian Jew who emigrated to the United States during the Nazi era, and professor of biochemistry at Columbia University medical school. He wrote a well-reviewed autobiography, Heraclitean Fire: Sketches from a L... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rubber-hose%20cryptanalysis | In cryptography, rubber-hose cryptanalysis is a euphemism for the extraction of cryptographic secrets (e.g. the password to an encrypted file) from a person by coercion or torture—such as beating that person with a rubber hose, hence the name—in contrast to a mathematical or technical cryptanalytic attack.
Details
A... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elegance | Elegance is beauty that shows unusual effectiveness and simplicity.
Elegance is frequently used as a standard of tastefulness, particularly in visual design, decorative arts, literature, science, and the aesthetics of mathematics.
Elegant things often exhibit refined grace and suggest maturity, and in the case of mat... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jules%20Dupuit | Arsène Jules Étienne Juvenel Dupuit (18 May 1804 – 5 September 1866) was a French civil engineer and economist.
He was born in Fossano, Cisalpine Republic then under the rule of Napoleon Bonaparte. At the age of ten he went to Versailles with his family where he studied — winning a Physics prize at graduation. He then... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Groundwork%20of%20the%20Metaphysics%20of%20Morals | Groundwork of the Metaphysics of Morals (1785; ; also known as the Foundations of the Metaphysics of Morals, Grounding of the Metaphysics of Morals, and the Grounding for the Metaphysics of Morals) is the first of Immanuel Kant's mature works on moral philosophy and remains one of the most influential in the field. Kan... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/End-face%20mechanical%20seal | In mechanical engineering, an end-face mechanical seal (often shortened to mechanical seal) is a type of seal used in rotating equipment, such as pumps, mixers, blowers, and compressors. When a pump operates, the liquid could leak out of the pump between the rotating shaft and the stationary pump casing. Since the shaf... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shaft | Shaft may refer to:
Rotating machine elements
Shaft (mechanical engineering), a rotating machine element used to transmit power
Line shaft, a power transmission system
Drive shaft, a shaft for transferring torque
Axle, a shaft around which one or more wheels rotate
Vertical narrow passages
Elevator shaft, a ver... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitary%20transformation | In mathematics, a unitary transformation is a transformation that preserves the inner product: the inner product of two vectors before the transformation is equal to their inner product after the transformation.
Formal definition
More precisely, a unitary transformation is an isomorphism between two inner product spac... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsequence | In mathematics, a subsequence of a given sequence is a sequence that can be derived from the given sequence by deleting some or no elements without changing the order of the remaining elements. For example, the sequence is a subsequence of obtained after removal of elements and The relation of one sequence being t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biopsychosocial%20model | Biopsychosocial models are a class of trans-disciplinary models which look at the interconnection between biology, psychology, and socio-environmental factors. These models specifically examine how these aspects play a role in topics ranging from human development, to health and disease, to information processing, and ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reed | Reed or Reeds may refer to:
Science, technology, biology, and medicine
Reed bird (disambiguation)
Reed pen, writing implement in use since ancient times
Reed (plant), one of several tall, grass-like wetland plants of the order Poales
Reed reaction, in chemistry
Reed receiver, an outdated form of multi-channel si... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nucleophilic%20substitution | In chemistry, a nucleophilic substitution is a class of chemical reactions in which an electron-rich chemical species (known as a nucleophile) replaces a functional group within another electron-deficient molecule (known as the electrophile). The molecule that contains the electrophile and the leaving functional group ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beagle%202 | The Beagle 2 is an inoperative British Mars lander that was transported by the European Space Agency's 2003 Mars Express mission. It was intended to conduct an astrobiology mission that would have looked for evidence of past life on Mars.
The spacecraft was successfully deployed from the Mars Express on 19 December 20... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haken%20manifold | In mathematics, a Haken manifold is a compact, P²-irreducible 3-manifold that is sufficiently large, meaning that it contains a properly embedded two-sided incompressible surface. Sometimes one considers only orientable Haken manifolds, in which case a Haken manifold is a compact, orientable, irreducible 3-manifold tha... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timeline%20of%20meteorology | The timeline of meteorology contains events of scientific and technological advancements in the area of atmospheric sciences. The most notable advancements in observational meteorology, weather forecasting, climatology, atmospheric chemistry, and atmospheric physics are listed chronologically. Some historical weather... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logarithmic | Logarithmic can refer to:
Logarithm, a transcendental function in mathematics
Logarithmic scale, the use of the logarithmic function to describe measurements
Logarithmic spiral,
Logarithmic growth
Logarithmic distribution, a discrete probability distribution
Natural logarithm |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amortized%20analysis | In computer science, amortized analysis is a method for analyzing a given algorithm's complexity, or how much of a resource, especially time or memory, it takes to execute. The motivation for amortized analysis is that looking at the worst-case run time can be too pessimistic. Instead, amortized analysis averages the... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sensory | Sensory may refer to:
Biology
Sensory ecology, how organisms obtain information about their environment
Sensory neuron, nerve cell responsible for transmitting information about external stimuli
Sensory perception, the process of acquiring and interpreting sensory information
Sensory receptor, a structure that re... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flatness | Flatness may refer to:
Flatness (art)
Flatness (cosmology)
Flatness (liquids)
Flatness (manufacturing), a geometrical tolerance required in certain manufacturing situations
Flatness (mathematics)
Flatness (systems theory), a property of nonlinear dynamic systems
Spectral flatness
Flat intonation
Flat module in... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Specified%20load | In civil engineering, specified loads are the best estimate of the actual loads a structure is expected to carry. These loads come in many different forms, such as people, equipment, vehicles, wind, rain, snow, earthquakes, the building materials themselves, etc. Specified Loads also known as Characteristic loads in ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadrature%20mirror%20filter | In digital signal processing, a quadrature mirror filter is a filter whose magnitude response is the mirror image around of that of another filter. Together these filters, first introduced by Croisier et al., are known as the quadrature mirror filter pair.
A filter is the quadrature mirror filter of if .
The filte... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quotient%20space%20%28topology%29 | In topology and related areas of mathematics, the quotient space of a topological space under a given equivalence relation is a new topological space constructed by endowing the quotient set of the original topological space with the quotient topology, that is, with the finest topology that makes continuous the canonic... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abel%27s%20theorem | In mathematics, Abel's theorem for power series relates a limit of a power series to the sum of its coefficients. It is named after Norwegian mathematician Niels Henrik Abel.
Theorem
Let the Taylor series
be a power series with real coefficients with radius of convergence Suppose that the series
converges.
T... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conjugated%20system | In theoretical chemistry, a conjugated system is a system of connected p-orbitals with delocalized electrons in a molecule, which in general lowers the overall energy of the molecule and increases stability. It is conventionally represented as having alternating single and multiple bonds. Lone pairs, radicals or carben... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Converge | Converge may refer to:
Converge (band), American hardcore punk band
Converge (Baptist denomination), American national evangelical Baptist body
Limit (mathematics)
Converge ICT, internet service provider in the Philippines
CONVERGE CFD software, created by Convergent Science
See also
Comverge, a company that p... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rydberg%20formula | In atomic physics, the Rydberg formula calculates the wavelengths of a spectral line in many chemical elements. The formula was primarily presented as a generalization of the Balmer series for all atomic electron transitions of hydrogen. It was first empirically stated in 1888 by the Swedish physicist Johannes Rydberg,... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirac%20Medal | The Dirac Medal or Dirac prize can refer to different awards named in honour of the physics Nobel Laureate Paul Dirac.
Dirac Medal (ICTP), awarded by the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics, Trieste
Dirac Medal (IOP), awarded by the Institute of Physics, UK
Dirac Medal and Lecture, awarded join... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baltzar%20von%20Platen%20%28inventor%29 | Baltzar von Platen (24 February 1898 – 29 April 1984) was a Swedish engineer and inventor.
Biography
Baltzar von Platen born in Malmö, Sweden. He was the son of Philip Ludvig von Platen and Eva Hedvig Ingeborg Ehrenborg. He first studied mathematics, physics, and astronomy at Lund University.
Together with inventor a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Product%20%28category%20theory%29 | In category theory, the product of two (or more) objects in a category is a notion designed to capture the essence behind constructions in other areas of mathematics such as the Cartesian product of sets, the direct product of groups or rings, and the product of topological spaces. Essentially, the product of a family ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DIC | DIC may refer to:
Biology and chemistry
Diisopropylcarbodiimide, a reagent in organic chemistry
Disseminated intravascular coagulation, a pathological activation of coagulation (blood clotting) mechanisms
Dissolved inorganic carbon, the sum of inorganic carbon species in a solution
Companies
D.I.C. (department st... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%27s%20law | In physical chemistry, Henry's law is a gas law that states that the amount of dissolved gas in a liquid is directly proportional to its partial pressure above the liquid. The proportionality factor is called Henry's law constant. It was formulated by the English chemist William Henry, who studied the topic in the earl... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adverse%20pressure%20gradient | In fluid dynamics, an adverse pressure gradient is a pressure gradient in which the static pressure increases in the direction of the flow. Mathematically this is expressed as for a flow in the positive -direction.
This is important for boundary layers. Increasing the fluid pressure is akin to increasing the potenti... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kip%20Thorne | Kip Stephen Thorne (born June 1, 1940) is an American theoretical physicist known for his contributions in gravitational physics and astrophysics.
A longtime friend and colleague of Stephen Hawking and Carl Sagan, he was the Richard P. Feynman Professor of Theoretical Physics at the California Institute of Technology ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Universe%20in%20a%20Nutshell | The Universe in a Nutshell is a 2001 book about theoretical physics by Stephen Hawking. It is generally considered a sequel and was created to update the public concerning developments since the multi-million-copy bestseller A Brief History of Time was published in 1988.
Content
In it Hawking explains to a general aud... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ilya%20Prigogine | Viscount Ilya Romanovich Prigogine (; ; 28 May 2003) was a Belgian physical chemist of Russian-Jewish origin, noted for his work on dissipative structures, complex systems, and irreversibility.
Prigogine's work most notably earned him the 1977 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, as well as the Francqui Prize in 1955 and the Rum... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Direct%20proof | In mathematics and logic, a direct proof is a way of showing the
truth or falsehood of a given statement by a straightforward combination of
established facts, usually axioms, existing lemmas and theorems, without making any further assumptions. In order to directly prove a conditional statement of the form "If p, then... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permutation%20matrix | In mathematics, particularly in matrix theory, a permutation matrix is a square binary matrix that has exactly one entry of 1 in each row and each column and 0s elsewhere. Each such matrix, say , represents a permutation of elements and, when used to multiply another matrix, say , results in permuting the rows (when... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HSP | HSP may refer to:
Biology, chemistry, and medicine
Hansen solubility parameters
Heat shock protein
Henoch–Schönlein purpura
Hereditary spastic paraplegia
Highly sensitive person, with high sensory processing sensitivity
Mathematics, software, and technology
Hidden subgroup problem, in mathematics
High Speed Photom... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echo | In audio signal processing and acoustics, an echo is a reflection of sound that arrives at the listener with a delay after the direct sound. The delay is directly proportional to the distance of the reflecting surface from the source and the listener. Typical examples are the echo produced by the bottom of a well, by a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Programming%20Research%20Group | The Programming Research Group (PRG) was part of the Oxford University Computing Laboratory (OUCL) in Oxford, England, along with the Numerical Analysis Group, until OUCL became the Department of Computer Science in 2011.
The PRG was founded by Christopher Strachey (1916–1975) in 1965. It was originally located at 45... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halide | In chemistry, a halide (rarely halogenide) is a binary chemical compound, of which one part is a halogen atom and the other part is an element or radical that is less electronegative (or more electropositive) than the halogen, to make a fluoride, chloride, bromide, iodide, astatide, or theoretically tennesside compound... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Falling | Falling or fallin' may refer to:
Falling (physics), movement due to gravity
Falling (accident)
Falling (execution)
Falling (sensation)
People
Christine Falling (born 1963), American serial killer who murdered six children
Books
Falling (Provoost novel), a 1994 novel by Anne Provoost
Falling (Howard novel), a 1999 no... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20Waikato | The University of Waikato (), is a public research university in Hamilton, New Zealand established in 1964. An additional campus is located in Tauranga.
The university performs research in the disciplines of education, social sciences, and management and is an innovator in environmental science, marine and freshwater ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edmonds%E2%80%93Karp%20algorithm | In computer science, the Edmonds–Karp algorithm is an implementation of the Ford–Fulkerson method for computing the maximum flow in a flow network in time. The algorithm was first published by Yefim Dinitz (whose name is also transliterated "E. A. Dinic", notably as author of his early papers) in 1970 and independentl... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Chaum | David Lee Chaum (born 1955) is an American computer scientist, cryptographer, and inventor. He is known as a pioneer in cryptography and privacy-preserving technologies, and widely recognized as the inventor of digital cash. His 1982 dissertation "Computer Systems Established, Maintained, and Trusted by Mutually Suspic... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Knowledge%20base | In computer science, a knowledge base (KB) is a set of sentences, each sentence given in a knowledge representation language, with interfaces to tell new sentences and to ask questions about what is known, where either of these interfaces might use inference. It is a technology used to store complex structured data use... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadratic | In mathematics, the term quadratic describes something that pertains to squares, to the operation of squaring, to terms of the second degree, or equations or formulas that involve such terms. Quadratus is Latin for square.
Mathematics
Algebra (elementary and abstract)
Quadratic function (or quadratic polynomial), ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aromaticity | In chemistry, aromaticity means a molecule has a cyclic (ring-shaped) structure with pi bonds in resonance (those containing delocalized electrons). Aromatic rings give increased stability compared to saturated compounds having single bonds, and other geometric or connective non-cyclic arrangements with the same set of... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constructive%20analysis | In mathematics, constructive analysis is mathematical analysis done according to some principles of constructive mathematics.
Introduction
The name of the subject contrasts with classical analysis, which in this context means analysis done according to the more common principles of classical mathematics. However, ther... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coherence%20%28physics%29 | In physics, coherence expresses the potential for two waves to interfere. Two monochromatic beams from a single source always interfere. Physical sources are not strictly monochromatic: they may be partly coherent. Beams from different sources are mutually incoherent.
When interfering, two waves add together to create... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plasticity%20%28physics%29 | In physics and materials science, plasticity (also known as plastic deformation) is the ability of a solid material to undergo permanent deformation, a non-reversible change of shape in response to applied forces. For example, a solid piece of metal being bent or pounded into a new shape displays plasticity as permane... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allvar%20Gullstrand | Allvar Gullstrand (5 June 1862 – 28 July 1930) was a Swedish ophthalmologist and optician.
Life
Born at Landskrona, Sweden, Gullstrand was professor (1894–1927) successively of eye therapy and of optics at the University of Uppsala. He applied the methods of physical mathematics to the study of optical images and of ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard%20state | In chemistry, the standard state of a material (pure substance, mixture or solution) is a reference point used to calculate its properties under different conditions. A superscript circle ° (degree symbol) or a Plimsoll (⦵) character is used to designate a thermodynamic quantity in the standard state, such as change in... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NSAKEY | _NSAKEY was a variable name discovered in Windows NT 4 SP5 in 1999 by Andrew D. Fernandes of Cryptonym Corporation. The variable contained a 1024-bit public key; such keys are used in public-key cryptography for encryption and authentication. Because of the name, however, it was speculated that the key would allow the ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stress%E2%80%93strain%20curve | In engineering and materials science, a stress–strain curve for a material gives the relationship between stress and strain. It is obtained by gradually applying load to a test coupon and measuring the deformation, from which the stress and strain can be determined (see tensile testing). These curves reveal many of the... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanilla%20%28disambiguation%29 | Vanilla is a flavoring.
Vanilla may also refer to:
Botany and biology
Vanilla extract, a solution containing the flavor compound vanillin as the primary ingredient
Vanilla (genus), a genus of orchids
Vanilla planifolia, the species which is the primary source of natural vanilla flavoring
Art and media
Vanilla (b... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronald%20Graham | Ronald Lewis Graham (October 31, 1935July 6, 2020) was an American mathematician credited by the American Mathematical Society as "one of the principal architects of the rapid development worldwide of discrete mathematics in recent years". He was president of both the American Mathematical Society and the Mathematical... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indicator%20function | In mathematics, an indicator function or a characteristic function of a subset of a set is a function that maps elements of the subset to one, and all other elements to zero. That is, if is a subset of some set , then if and otherwise, where is a common notation for the indicator function. Other common notations a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulgar | Vulgar is a Latin word meaning "common" or "pertaining to ordinary people."
Language
Vulgar or common language, the vernacular speech of a region or a people
Language use characterised by vulgarity, see Vulgarism and
Other uses
A vulgar fraction in mathematics, one written in the common way and not as a decimal... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/For%20each | For each may refer to:
In mathematics, Universal quantification. Also read as: "for all"
In computer science, foreach loop
See also
Each (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.%20L.%20Mackie | John Leslie Mackie (25 August 1917 – 12 December 1981) was an Australian philosopher. He made significant contributions to ethics, the philosophy of religion, metaphysics, and the philosophy of language.
Mackie had influential views on metaethics, including his defence of moral scepticism and his sophisticated defenc... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SN1%20reaction | {{DISPLAYTITLE:SN1 reaction}}
The SN1 reaction is a substitution reaction in organic chemistry, the name of which refers to the Hughes-Ingold symbol of the mechanism. "SN" stands for "nucleophilic substitution", and the "1" says that the rate-determining step is unimolecular. Thus, the rate equation is often shown as h... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bilinear%20transformation | Bilinear transformation may refer to:
Bilinear map or bilinear operator
Bilinear transform (signal processing), a type of conformal map used to switch between continuous-time and discrete-time representations
Möbius transformation (complex analysis): a rational function of the form f(z) = (az + b) / (cz + d)
See al... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markovnikov%27s%20rule | In organic chemistry, Markovnikov's rule or Markownikoff's rule describes the outcome of some addition reactions. The rule was formulated by Russian chemist Vladimir Markovnikov in 1870.
Explanation
The rule states that with the addition of a protic acid HX or other polar reagent to an asymmetric alkene, the acid hydr... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydration%20reaction | In chemistry, a hydration reaction is a chemical reaction in which a substance combines with water. In organic chemistry, water is added to an unsaturated substrate, which is usually an alkene or an alkyne. This type of reaction is employed industrially to produce ethanol, isopropanol, and butan-2-ol.
Organic chemistr... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxymercuration%20reaction | In organic chemistry, the oxymercuration reaction is an electrophilic addition reaction that transforms an alkene () into a neutral alcohol. In oxymercuration, the alkene reacts with mercuric acetate () in aqueous solution to yield the addition of an acetoxymercury () group and a hydroxy () group across the double bond... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-box | In cryptography, an S-box (substitution-box) is a basic component of symmetric key algorithms which performs substitution. In block ciphers, they are typically used to obscure the relationship between the key and the ciphertext, thus ensuring Shannon's property of confusion. Mathematically, an S-box is a nonlinear vect... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAST-128 | In cryptography, CAST-128 (alternatively CAST5) is a symmetric-key block cipher used in a number of products, notably as the default cipher in some versions of GPG and PGP. It has also been approved for Government of Canada use by the Communications Security Establishment. The algorithm was created in 1996 by Carlisle ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Top%20quark | The top quark, sometimes also referred to as the truth quark, (symbol: t) is the most massive of all observed elementary particles. It derives its mass from its coupling to the Higgs Boson. This coupling is very close to unity; in the Standard Model of particle physics, it is the largest (strongest) coupling at the sc... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muon%20neutrino | The muon neutrino is an elementary particle which has the symbol and zero electric charge. Together with the muon it forms the second generation of leptons, hence the name muon neutrino. It was discovered in 1962 by Leon Lederman, Melvin Schwartz and Jack Steinberger. The discovery was rewarded with the 1988 Nobel Pri... |
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