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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extracellular%20fluid | In cell biology, extracellular fluid (ECF) denotes all body fluid outside the cells of any multicellular organism. Total body water in healthy adults is about 50–60% (range 45 to 75%) of total body weight; women and the obese typically have a lower percentage than lean men. Extracellular fluid makes up about one-third ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SubSpace%20%28video%20game%29 | SubSpace is a 2D space shooter video game created in 1995 and released in 1997 by Virgin Interactive which was a finalist for the Academy of Interactive Arts & Sciences Online Game of the Year Award in 1998. SubSpace incorporates quasi-realistic zero-friction physics into a massively multiplayer online game.
The game... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sampling%20theory | sampling theory may mean:
Nyquist–Shannon sampling theorem, digital signal processing (DSP)
Statistical sampling
Fourier sampling |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princeton%20Sound%20Lab | The Princeton Sound Lab is a research laboratory in the Department of Computer Science at Princeton University, in collaboration with the Department of Music. The Sound Lab conducts research in a variety of areas in computer music, including physical modeling, audio analysis, audio synthesis, programming languages for... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asymmetric | Asymmetric may refer to:
Asymmetry in geometry, chemistry, and physics
Computing
Asymmetric cryptography, in public-key cryptography
Asymmetric digital subscriber line, Internet connectivity
Asymmetric multiprocessing, in computer architecture
Other
Asymmetric relation, in set theory
Asymmetric synthesis, in organic ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max%20Mathews | Max Vernon Mathews (November 13, 1926 in Columbus, Nebraska, US – April 21, 2011 in San Francisco, CA, US) was an American pioneer of computer music.
Biography
Max Vernon Mathews was born in Columbus, Nebraska, by two science schoolteachers. His father in particular taught physics, chemistry and biology in the Peru H... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESD | ESD may refer to:
Science
ESD (gene), a human gene/enzyme
Electrostatic discharge, a sudden flow of electricity between two electrically charged objects
Electrostatic-sensitive device, any component which can be damaged by common static charges
Energy spectral density, a part of a function in statistical signal p... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wes%20Jackson | Wes Jackson (born 1936) co-founded the Land Institute with Dana Jackson. He is also a member of the World Future Council.
Early life and education
Jackson was born and raised on a farm near Topeka, Kansas. After earning a BA in biology from Kansas Wesleyan University, an MA in botany from the University of Kansas, and... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecological%20genetics | Ecological genetics is the study of genetics in natural populations. Traits in a population can be observed and quantified to represent a species adapting to a changing environment.
This contrasts with classical genetics, which works mostly on crosses between laboratory strains, and DNA sequence analysis, which studie... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Char%20%28chemistry%29 | Char is the solid material that remains after light gases (e.g. coal gas) and tar have been driven out or released from a carbonaceous material during the initial stage of combustion, which is known as carbonization, charring, devolatilization or pyrolysis.
Further stages of efficient combustion (with or without char ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Formal%20group%20law | In mathematics, a formal group law is (roughly speaking) a formal power series behaving as if it were the product of a Lie group. They were introduced by . The term formal group sometimes means the same as formal group law, and sometimes means one of several generalizations. Formal groups are intermediate between Lie g... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paillier%20cryptosystem | The Paillier cryptosystem, invented by and named after Pascal Paillier in 1999, is a probabilistic asymmetric algorithm for public key cryptography. The problem of computing n-th residue classes is believed to be computationally difficult. The decisional composite residuosity assumption is the intractability hypothesis... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantin%20Coand%C4%83 | Constantin Coandă (4 March 1857 – 30 September 1932) was a Romanian soldier and politician.
Biography
Constantin Coandă was born in Craiova. He reached the rank of general in the Romanian Army, and later became a mathematics professor at the National School of Bridges and Roads in Bucharest. Among his seven children ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transmittance | In optical physics, transmittance of the surface of a material is its effectiveness in transmitting radiant energy. It is the fraction of incident electromagnetic power that is transmitted through a sample, in contrast to the transmission coefficient, which is the ratio of the transmitted to incident electric field.
I... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slater%20determinant | In quantum mechanics, a Slater determinant is an expression that describes the wave function of a multi-fermionic system. It satisfies anti-symmetry requirements, and consequently the Pauli principle, by changing sign upon exchange of two electrons (or other fermions). Only a small subset of all possible fermionic wav... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homotopy%20principle | In mathematics, the homotopy principle (or h-principle) is a very general way to solve partial differential equations (PDEs), and more generally partial differential relations (PDRs). The h-principle is good for underdetermined PDEs or PDRs, such as the immersion problem, isometric immersion problem, fluid dynamics, a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISPW | The IRCAM Signal Processing Workstation (ISPW) was a hardware digital audio workstation developed by IRCAM and the Ariel Corporation in the late 1980s. In French, the ISPW is referred to as the SIM (Station d'informatique musicale). Eric Lindemann was the principal designer of the ISPW hardware as well as manager of ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam%20Powell%20%28game%20designer%29 | Adam James Powell (born 20 December 1976) is a Welsh computer programmer, game designer and businessman. He is the co-founder of Neopets and Meteor Games.
Career
Powell attended the University of Nottingham from 1995 to 1998 studying for a computer science degree. During his time at Nottingham, Powell created Dark H... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTRUEncrypt | The NTRUEncrypt public key cryptosystem, also known as the NTRU encryption algorithm, is an NTRU lattice-based alternative to RSA and elliptic curve cryptography (ECC) and is based on the shortest vector problem in a lattice (which is not known to be breakable using quantum computers).
It relies on the presumed diffic... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTRU | NTRU is an open-source public-key cryptosystem that uses lattice-based cryptography to encrypt and decrypt data. It consists of two algorithms: NTRUEncrypt, which is used for encryption, and NTRUSign, which is used for digital signatures. Unlike other popular public-key cryptosystems, it is resistant to attacks using S... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timing%20attack | In cryptography, a timing attack is a side-channel attack in which the attacker attempts to compromise a cryptosystem by analyzing the time taken to execute cryptographic algorithms. Every logical operation in a computer takes time to execute, and the time can differ based on the input; with precise measurements of the... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wendell%20Meredith%20Stanley | Wendell Meredith Stanley (16 August 1904 – 15 June 1971) was an American biochemist, virologist and Nobel laureate.
Biography
Stanley was born in Ridgeville, Indiana, and earned a BSc in chemistry at Earlham College in Richmond, Indiana. He then studied at the University of Illinois, gaining an MS in science in 1927... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zeroisation | In cryptography, zeroisation (also spelled zeroization) is the practice of erasing sensitive parameters (electronically stored data, cryptographic keys, and critical security parameters) from a cryptographic module to prevent their disclosure if the equipment is captured. This is generally accomplished by altering or d... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L7 | L7 or L-7 may refer to:
Music
L7 (band), a grunge/metal band from Los Angeles, California
L7 (album), a 1988 album by the band
L-Seven, a post-punk band from Detroit, Michigan
Mathematics and technology
ISO/IEC 8859-13 (Latin-7), an 8-bit character encoding
L7, the application layer in the OSI model of computer ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Absorptivity | In science, absorptivity may refer to:
Molar absorptivity, in chemistry, a measurement of how strongly a chemical species absorbs light at a given wavelength
Absorptance, in physics, the fraction of radiation absorbed at a given wavelength
, information on the radiometrical aspect |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S-1%20block%20cipher | In cryptography, the S-1 block cipher was a block cipher posted in source code form on Usenet on 11 August 1995. Although incorrect security markings immediately indicated a hoax, there were several features of the code which suggested it might be leaked source code for the Skipjack cipher, which was still classified a... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraqi%20block%20cipher | In cryptography, the Iraqi block cipher was a block cipher published in C source code form by anonymous FTP upload around July 1999, and widely distributed on Usenet. It is a five round unbalanced Feistel cipher operating on a 256 bit block with a 160 bit key.
The source code shows that the algorithm operates on block... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gromov%E2%80%93Hausdorff%20convergence | In mathematics, Gromov–Hausdorff convergence, named after Mikhail Gromov and Felix Hausdorff, is a notion for convergence of metric spaces which is a generalization of Hausdorff convergence.
Gromov–Hausdorff distance
The Gromov–Hausdorff distance was introduced by David Edwards in 1975, and it was later rediscovered ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tetration | In mathematics, tetration (or hyper-4) is an operation based on iterated, or repeated, exponentiation. There is no standard notation for tetration, though and the left-exponent xb are common.
Under the definition as repeated exponentiation, means , where copies of are iterated via exponentiation, right-to-left, i.... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shielding%20effect | In chemistry, the shielding effect sometimes referred to as atomic shielding or electron shielding describes the attraction between an electron and the nucleus in any atom with more than one electron. The shielding effect can be defined as a reduction in the effective nuclear charge on the electron cloud, due
to a diff... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polylogarithm | In mathematics, the polylogarithm (also known as Jonquière's function, for Alfred Jonquière) is a special function of order and argument . Only for special values of does the polylogarithm reduce to an elementary function such as the natural logarithm or a rational function. In quantum statistics, the polylogarithm ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TNI | TNI or Tni may refer to:
Satna Airport, IATA code TNI
Tahitian Noni International, Inc.
Taqramiut Nipingat Inc., an Inuit broadcasting organization in Quebec, Canada
Telephone Network Interface; see Network interface device (NID)
Tentara Nasional Indonesia; abbreviation of the Indonesian National Armed Forces.
T... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolay%20Yakovlevich%20Sonin | Nikolay Yakovlevich Sonin (Russian: Никола́й Я́ковлевич Со́нин, February 22, 1849 – February 27, 1915) was a Russian mathematician.
Biography
He was born in Tula and attended Lomonosov University, studying mathematics and physics there from 1865 to 1869. His advisor was Nikolai Bugaev. He obtained a master's degree... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bingham%20plastic | In materials science, a Bingham plastic is a viscoplastic material that behaves as a rigid body at low stresses but flows as a viscous fluid at high stress. It is named after Eugene C. Bingham who proposed its mathematical form.
It is used as a common mathematical model of mud flow in drilling engineering, and in the ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard%20Hayflick | Leonard Hayflick (born 20 May 1928) is a Professor of Anatomy at the UCSF School of Medicine, and was Professor of Medical Microbiology at Stanford University School of Medicine. He is a past president of the Gerontological Society of America and was a founding member of the council of the National Institute on Aging (... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closure%20operator | In mathematics, a closure operator on a set S is a function from the power set of S to itself that satisfies the following conditions for all sets
{| border="0"
|-
|
| (cl is extensive),
|-
|
| (cl is increasing),
|-
|
| (cl is idempotent).
|}
Closure operators are determined by their closed sets, i.e., by the se... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transduction | Transduction (trans- + -duc- + -tion, "leading through or across") can refer to:
Signal transduction, any process by which a biological cell converts one kind of signal or stimulus into another
Olfactory transduction
Sugar signal transduction
Transduction (biophysics), the conveyance of energy from a donor electro... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key%20distribution%20center | In cryptography, a key distribution center (KDC) is part of a cryptosystem intended to reduce the risks inherent in exchanging keys. KDCs often operate in systems within which some users may have permission to use certain services at some times and not at others.
Security overview
For instance, an administrator may ha... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iosif%20Shklovsky | Iosif Samuilovich Shklovsky (; sometimes transliterated Josif, Josif, Shklovskii, Shklovskij) (1 July 1916 – 3 March 1985) was a Soviet astronomer and astrophysicist. He is remembered for work in theoretical astrophysics and other topics, as well as for his 1962 book on extraterrestrial life, the revised and expanded v... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fibonacci%20polynomials | In mathematics, the Fibonacci polynomials are a polynomial sequence which can be considered as a generalization of the Fibonacci numbers. The polynomials generated in a similar way from the Lucas numbers are called Lucas polynomials.
Definition
These Fibonacci polynomials are defined by a recurrence relation:
The Luc... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ICMC | ICMC may refer to:
International Catholic Migration Commission
International Computer Music Conference
The Indiana College Mathematics Competition
International Cryptographic Module Conference
Integrated Currency Management Centre
Inter College Music Competition
Integrated Call Management Centre |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Perry%20R.%20Cook | Perry R. Cook (born September 25, 1955) is an American computer music researcher and professor emeritus of computer science and music at Princeton University. He was also founder and head of the Princeton Sound Lab.
Cook has worked in the areas of physical modeling, singing voice synthesis, music information retrieval... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unit%20generator | Unit generators (or ugens) are the basic formal units in many MUSIC-N-style computer music programming languages. They are sometimes called opcodes (particularly in Csound), though this expression is not accurate in that these are not machine-level instructions.
Unit generators form the building blocks for designing s... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vito%20Volterra | Vito Volterra (, ; 3 May 1860 – 11 October 1940) was an Italian mathematician and physicist, known for his contributions to mathematical biology and integral equations, being one of the founders of functional analysis.
Biography
Born in Ancona, then part of the Papal States, into a very poor Jewish family: his father... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zymogen | In biochemistry, a zymogen (), also called a proenzyme (), is an inactive precursor of an enzyme. A zymogen requires a biochemical change (such as a hydrolysis reaction revealing the active site, or changing the configuration to reveal the active site) for it to become an active enzyme. The biochemical change usually ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Judy%20array | In computer science, a Judy array is a data structure implementing a type of associative array with high performance and low memory usage. Unlike most other key-value stores, Judy arrays use no hashing, leverage compression on their keys (which may be integers or strings), and can efficiently represent sparse data; tha... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional%20neuroimaging | Functional neuroimaging is the use of neuroimaging technology to measure an aspect of brain function, often with a view to understanding the relationship between activity in certain brain areas and specific mental functions. It is primarily used as a research tool in cognitive neuroscience, cognitive psychology, neurop... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/QMC | QMC may refer to:
Quaid e Azam Medical College, a medical college in Bahawalpur, Pakistan
Quantum Monte Carlo, a class of computer algorithms
Quartermaster Corporal, a type of appointment in the British Household Cavalry
Quasi-Monte Carlo method, an integration method in mathematics
Queen Margaret College, now Qu... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keith%20number | In recreational mathematics, a Keith number or repfigit number (short for repetitive Fibonacci-like digit) is a natural number in a given number base with digits such that when a sequence is created such that the first terms are the digits of and each subsequent term is the sum of the previous terms, is part of... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Periodogram | In signal processing, a periodogram is an estimate of the spectral density of a signal. The term was coined by Arthur Schuster in 1898. Today, the periodogram is a component of more sophisticated methods (see spectral estimation). It is the most common tool for examining the amplitude vs frequency characteristics of F... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A9non%20map | In mathematics, the Hénon map, sometimes called Hénon–Pomeau attractor/map, is a discrete-time dynamical system. It is one of the most studied examples of dynamical systems that exhibit chaotic behavior. The Hénon map takes a point in the plane and maps it to a new point
The map depends on two parameters, and , whic... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Netlib | Netlib is a repository of software for scientific computing maintained by AT&T, Bell Laboratories, the University of Tennessee and Oak Ridge National Laboratory. Netlib comprises many separate programs and libraries. Most of the code is written in C and Fortran, with some programs in other languages.
History
The proj... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primitive%20ideal | In mathematics, specifically ring theory, a left primitive ideal is the annihilator of a (nonzero) simple left module. A right primitive ideal is defined similarly. Left and right primitive ideals are always two-sided ideals.
Primitive ideals are prime. The quotient of a ring by a left primitive ideal is a left primit... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Intramolecular%20reaction | In chemistry, intramolecular describes a process or characteristic limited within the structure of a single molecule, a property or phenomenon limited to the extent of a single molecule.
Examples
intramolecular hydride transfer (transfer of a hydride ion from one part to another within the same molecule)
intramolec... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physiological%20psychology | Physiological psychology is a subdivision of behavioral neuroscience (biological psychology) that studies the neural mechanisms of perception and behavior through direct manipulation of the brains of nonhuman animal subjects in controlled experiments. This field of psychology takes an empirical and practical approach w... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/142%20%28number%29 | 142 (one hundred [and] forty-two) is the natural number following 141 and preceding 143.
In mathematics
There are 142 connected functional graphs on four labeled vertices, 142 planar graphs with 6 unlabeled vertices, and 142 partial involutions on five elements.
See also
The year AD 142 or 142 BC
List of highways n... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aliquot%20sequence | In mathematics, an aliquot sequence is a sequence of positive integers in which each term is the sum of the proper divisors of the previous term. If the sequence reaches the number 1, it ends, since the sum of the proper divisors of 1 is 0.
Definition and overview
The aliquot sequence starting with a positive integer ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Lax | Peter David Lax (born Lax Péter Dávid; 1 May 1926) is a Hungarian-born American mathematician and Abel Prize laureate working in the areas of pure and applied mathematics.
Lax has made important contributions to integrable systems, fluid dynamics and shock waves, solitonic physics, hyperbolic conservation laws, and ma... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charting%20application | A charting application is a computer program that is used to create a graphical representation (a chart) based on some non-graphical data that is entered by a user, most often through a spreadsheet application, but also through a dedicated specific scientific application (such as through a symbolic mathematics computin... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pelageya%20Polubarinova-Kochina | Pelageya Yakovlevna Polubarinova-Kochina (; – 3 July 1999) was a Soviet and Russian applied mathematician, known for her work on fluid mechanics and hydrodynamics, particularly, the application of Fuchsian equations, as well in the history of mathematics. She was elected a corresponding member of the Academy of Scienc... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrophysics%20Data%20System | The SAO/NASA Astrophysics Data System (ADS) is an online database of over 16 million astronomy and physics papers that are both from peer reviewed and non-peer reviewed sources. Abstracts are available online for free for almost all articles, and fully scanned articles are available in Graphics Interchange Format (GIF)... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20neurological%20research%20methods | There are numerous types of research methods used when conducting neurological research, all with the purpose of trying to view the activity that occurs within the brain during a certain activity or behavior. The disciplines within which these methods are used is quite broad, ranging from psychology to neuroscience to ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dicarbonyl | In organic chemistry, a dicarbonyl is a molecule containing two carbonyl () groups. Although this term could refer to any organic compound containing two carbonyl groups, it is used more specifically to describe molecules in which both carbonyls are in close enough proximity that their reactivity is changed, such as 1,... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Galois%20module | In mathematics, a Galois module is a G-module, with G being the Galois group of some extension of fields. The term Galois representation is frequently used when the G-module is a vector space over a field or a free module over a ring in representation theory, but can also be used as a synonym for G-module. The study of... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vigna | Vigna is a genus of plants in the legume family, Fabaceae, with a pantropical distribution. It includes some well-known cultivated species, including many types of beans. Some are former members of the genus Phaseolus. According to Hortus Third, Vigna differs from Phaseolus in biochemistry and pollen structure, and in... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sympatric%20speciation | Sympatric speciation is the evolution of a new species from a surviving ancestral species while both continue to inhabit the same geographic region. In evolutionary biology and biogeography, sympatric and sympatry are terms referring to organisms whose ranges overlap so that they occur together at least in some places.... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spin%20probe | A spin probe is a molecule with stable free radical character that carries a functional group. This group can be used to couple the probe to another molecule, e.g. a biomolecule.
Electron spin resonance can be employed to quantify the probe's concentration.
References
Molecular physics |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charge%20carrier | In physics, a charge carrier is a particle or quasiparticle that is free to move, carrying an electric charge, especially the particles that carry electric charges in electrical conductors. Examples are electrons, ions and holes. The term is used most commonly in solid state physics. In a conducting medium, an electric... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary%20emission | In particle physics, secondary emission is a phenomenon where primary incident particles of sufficient energy, when hitting a surface or passing through some material, induce the emission of secondary particles. The term often refers to the emission of electrons when charged particles like electrons or ions in a vacuu... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photocathode | A photocathode is a surface engineered to convert light (photons) into electrons using the photoelectric effect. Photocathodes are important in accelerator physics where they are utilised in a photoinjector to generate high brightness electron beams. Electron beams generated with photocathodes are commonly used for f... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard%20diving%20dress | Standard diving dress, also known as hard-hat or copper hat equipment, deep sea diving suit or heavy gear, is a type of diving suit that was formerly used for all relatively deep underwater work that required more than breath-hold duration, which included marine salvage, civil engineering, pearl shell diving and other ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobson%20density%20theorem | In mathematics, more specifically non-commutative ring theory, modern algebra, and module theory, the Jacobson density theorem is a theorem concerning simple modules over a ring .
The theorem can be applied to show that any primitive ring can be viewed as a "dense" subring of the ring of linear transformations of a ve... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newtonian%20limit | In physics, the Newtonian limit is a mathematical approximation applicable to physical systems exhibiting (1) weak gravitation, (2) objects moving slowly compared to the speed of light, and (3) slowly changing (or completely static) gravitational fields. Under these conditions, Newton's law of universal gravitation ma... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eugene%20Koonin | Eugene Viktorovich Koonin (Russian: Евге́ний Ви́кторович Ку́нин; born October 26, 1956) is a Russian-American biologist and Senior Investigator at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI). He is a recognised expert in the field of evolutionary and computational biology.
Education
Koonin gained a Master... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simics | Simics is a full-system simulator or virtual platform used to run unchanged production binaries of the target hardware. Simics was originally developed by the Swedish Institute of Computer Science (SICS), and then spun off to Virtutech for commercial development in 1998. Virtutech was acquired by Intel in 2010. Current... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eckmann%E2%80%93Hilton%20argument | In mathematics, the Eckmann–Hilton argument (or Eckmann–Hilton principle or Eckmann–Hilton theorem) is an argument about two unital magma structures on a set where one is a homomorphism for the other. Given this, the structures are the same, and the resulting magma is a commutative monoid. This can then be used to prov... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasan-i%20Sabbah | Hasan-i Sabbah (; 1050 – 12 June 1124) was a religious and military leader, founder of the Nizari Ismaili sect and also the Hashshashin also known as the Order of Assassins.
Alongside his role as a formidable leader, Sabbah was an accomplished scholar of mathematics, most notably in geometry, as well as astronomy an... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tribology | Tribology is the science and engineering of understanding friction, lubrication and wear phenomena for interacting surfaces in relative motion. It is highly interdisciplinary, drawing on many academic fields, including physics, chemistry, materials science, mathematics, biology and engineering. The fundamental objects ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Artinian%20ring | In mathematics, specifically abstract algebra, an Artinian ring (sometimes Artin ring) is a ring that satisfies the descending chain condition on (one-sided) ideals; that is, there is no infinite descending sequence of ideals. Artinian rings are named after Emil Artin, who first discovered that the descending chain con... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-spined%20stickleback | The three-spined stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus) is a fish native to most inland and coastal waters north of 30°N. It has long been a subject of scientific study for many reasons. It shows great morphological variation throughout its range, ideal for questions about evolution and population genetics. Many populati... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hasse%20principle | In mathematics, Helmut Hasse's local–global principle, also known as the Hasse principle, is the idea that one can find an integer solution to an equation by using the Chinese remainder theorem to piece together solutions modulo powers of each different prime number. This is handled by examining the equation in the com... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jacobian%20variety | In mathematics, the Jacobian variety J(C) of a non-singular algebraic curve C of genus g is the moduli space of degree 0 line bundles. It is the connected component of the identity in the Picard group of C, hence an abelian variety.
Introduction
The Jacobian variety is named after Carl Gustav Jacobi, who proved the c... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MNS | MNS may refer to:
Maharashtra Navnirman Sena, Indian political party
The Malaysian Nature Society
Maki-Nakagawa-Sakata matrix in particle physics
Ministry of National Security of several countries
Minneapolis, Northfield and Southern Railway, reporting mark
Mirror neuron system
Mission Need Statement
MNS antigen system... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parochial%20school | A parochial school is a private primary or secondary school affiliated with a religious organization, and whose curriculum includes general religious education in addition to secular subjects, such as science, mathematics and language arts. The word parochial comes from the same root as "parish", and parochial schools ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blinding%20%28cryptography%29 | In cryptography, blinding is a technique by which an agent can provide a service to (i.e., compute a function for) a client in an encoded form without knowing either the real input or the real output. Blinding techniques also have applications to preventing side-channel attacks on encryption devices.
More precisely, ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connected%20sum | In mathematics, specifically in topology, the operation of connected sum is a geometric modification on manifolds. Its effect is to join two given manifolds together near a chosen point on each. This construction plays a key role in the classification of closed surfaces.
More generally, one can also join manifolds tog... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Homological%20conjectures%20in%20commutative%20algebra | In mathematics, homological conjectures have been a focus of research activity in commutative algebra since the early 1960s. They concern a number of interrelated (sometimes surprisingly so) conjectures relating various homological properties of a commutative ring to its internal ring structure, particularly its Krull ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20R.%20Todd | Alexander Robertus Todd, Baron Todd (2 October 1907 – 10 January 1997) was a British biochemist whose research on the structure and synthesis of nucleotides, nucleosides, and nucleotide coenzymes gained him the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1957.
Early life and education
Todd was born in Cathcart in outer Glasgow, the... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/121%20%28number%29 | 121 (one hundred [and] twenty-one) is the natural number following 120 and preceding 122.
In mathematics
One hundred [and] twenty-one is
a square (11 times 11)
the sum of the powers of 3 from 0 to 4, so a repunit in ternary. Furthermore, 121 is the only square of the form , where p is prime (3, in this case).
the... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernard%20T.%20Feld | Bernard Taub Feld (December 21, 1919 – February 19, 1993) was a professor of physics at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. He helped develop the atomic bomb, and later led an international movement among scientists to banish nuclear weapons.
Early life
Feld was born in Brooklyn, New York. He graduated from ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cancellation%20property | In mathematics, the notion of cancellativity (or cancellability) is a generalization of the notion of invertibility.
An element a in a magma has the left cancellation property (or is left-cancellative) if for all b and c in M, always implies that .
An element a in a magma has the right cancellation property (or is... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sturm%E2%80%93Liouville%20theory | In mathematics and its applications, a Sturm–Liouville problem is a second-order linear ordinary differential equation of the form:
for given functions , and , together with some boundary conditions at extreme values of . The goals of a given Sturm–Liouville problem are:
To find the for which there exists a non-t... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Field%20%28computer%20science%29 | In computer science, data that has several parts, known as a record, can be divided into fields (data fields). Relational databases arrange data as sets of database records, so called rows. Each record consists of several fields; the fields of all records form the columns.
Examples of fields: name, gender, hair colour.... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Envelope%20%28disambiguation%29 | An envelope is the paper container used to hold a letter being sent by post.
Envelope may also refer to:
Mathematics
Envelope (mathematics), a curve, surface, or higher-dimensional object defined as being tangent to a given family of lines or curves (or surfaces, or higher-dimensional objects, respectively)
Envelo... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20Computer%20Science%20League | ACSL, or the American Computer Science League, is an international computer science competition among more than 300 schools. Originally founded in 1978 as the Rhode Island Computer Science League, it then became the New England Computer Science League. With countrywide and worldwide participants, it became the America... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Muir%20%28mathematician%29 | Sir Thomas Muir (25 August 1844 – 21 March 1934) was a Scottish mathematician, remembered as an authority on determinants.
Life
He was born in Stonebyres in South Lanarkshire, and brought up in the small town of Biggar. He was educated at Wishaw Public School.
At the University of Glasgow he changed his studies fro... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20William%20Heslop-Harrison | Prof John William Heslop Harrison, FRS FRSE (1881–1967), was Professor of Botany at King's College, Durham University (now Newcastle University). He enjoyed a brilliant career, specialising in the genetics of moths, but is now best remembered for an alleged academic fraud.
Early life and education
He was born in Birtl... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerard%20%27t%20Hooft | Gerardus (Gerard) 't Hooft (; born July 5, 1946) is a Dutch theoretical physicist and professor at Utrecht University, the Netherlands. He shared the 1999 Nobel Prize in Physics with his thesis advisor Martinus J. G. Veltman "for elucidating the quantum structure of electroweak interactions".
His work concentrates on ... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martinus%20J.%20G.%20Veltman | Martinus Justinus Godefriedus "Tini" Veltman (; 27 June 1931 – 4 January 2021) was a Dutch theoretical physicist. He shared the 1999 Nobel Prize in physics with his former PhD student Gerardus 't Hooft for their work on particle theory.
Biography
Martinus Justinus Godefriedus Veltman was born in Waalwijk, Netherlands,... |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thue%E2%80%93Morse%20sequence | In mathematics, the Thue–Morse sequence or Prouhet–Thue–Morse sequence or parity sequence is the binary sequence (an infinite sequence of 0s and 1s) obtained by starting with 0 and successively appending the Boolean complement of the sequence obtained thus far. The first few steps of this procedure yield the strings 0 ... |
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