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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exponential%20sum
In mathematics, an exponential sum may be a finite Fourier series (i.e. a trigonometric polynomial), or other finite sum formed using the exponential function, usually expressed by means of the function Therefore, a typical exponential sum may take the form summed over a finite sequence of real numbers xn. Formulati...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1674%20in%20science
The year 1674 in science and technology involved some significant events. Biology Antonie van Leeuwenhoek discovers infusoria using the microscope. Pharmacology Thomas Willis publishes Pharmaceutice rationalis. Births Deaths Jean Pecquet, French anatomist (born 1622) References 17th century in science 1670s ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20curves%20topics
This is an alphabetical index of articles related to curves used in mathematics. Acnode Algebraic curve Arc Asymptote Asymptotic curve Barbier's theorem Bézier curve Bézout's theorem Birch and Swinnerton-Dyer conjecture Bitangent Bitangents of a quartic Cartesian coordinate system Caustic Cesàro equation...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half%20%28disambiguation%29
One half is an irreducible fraction resulting from dividing one by two. Half may also refer to: half.com, a website run by eBay that sells books, movies, video games, music, etc. Halves (band), an Irish post-rock band Halving, the operation of division by two A half precision floating point representation in comp...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Superalgebra
In mathematics and theoretical physics, a superalgebra is a Z2-graded algebra. That is, it is an algebra over a commutative ring or field with a decomposition into "even" and "odd" pieces and a multiplication operator that respects the grading. The prefix super- comes from the theory of supersymmetry in theoretical ph...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Vranch
Richard Leslie Vranch (born 29 June 1959) is an English actor, improviser, comedian, writer and musician. He is known for providing the music for the British TV series Whose Line Is It Anyway? Early life Vranch graduated from Cambridge University with a PhD in physics. While a first-year doctoral student, he joined th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Logarithmic%20derivative
In mathematics, specifically in calculus and complex analysis, the logarithmic derivative of a function f is defined by the formula where is the derivative of f. Intuitively, this is the infinitesimal relative change in f; that is, the infinitesimal absolute change in f, namely scaled by the current value of f. Whe...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peggy%20Whitson
Peggy Annette Whitson (born February 9, 1960) is an American biochemistry researcher, retired NASA astronaut, former NASA Chief Astronaut, and an active Axiom Space astronaut. Whitson has a total of 675 days in space, more than any other American or woman. Her first space mission was in 2002: an extended stay aboard ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Baptiste%20%C3%89lie%20de%20Beaumont
Jean-Baptiste Armand Louis Léonce Élie de Beaumont (25 September 1798 – 21 September 1874) was a French geologist. Biography Élie de Beaumont was born at Canon, in Calvados. He was educated at the Lycee Henri IV where he took the first prize in mathematics and physics at the École polytechnique, where he stood first ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Connection%20%28principal%20bundle%29
In mathematics, and especially differential geometry and gauge theory, a connection is a device that defines a notion of parallel transport on the bundle; that is, a way to "connect" or identify fibers over nearby points. A principal G-connection on a principal G-bundle P over a smooth manifold M is a particular type o...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1673%20in%20science
The year 1673 in science and technology involved some significant events. Mathematics John Kersey begins publication of The Elements of that Mathematical Art Commonly Called Algebra. Samuel Morland publishes A Perpetual Almanack and Several Useful Tables. Microbiology Antonie van Leeuwenhoek's observations with th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1622%20in%20science
The year 1622 in science and technology involved some significant events. Mathematics The slide rule is invented by William Oughtred (1574–1660), an English mathematician, and later becomes the calculating tool of choice until the electronic calculator takes over in the early 1970s. Physiology and medicine Gaspare ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierson%27s%20Puppeteers
Pierson's Puppeteers, often known just as Puppeteers, are a fictional alien race from American author Larry Niven's Known Space books. The race first appeared in Niven’s novella Neutron Star. Biology and sociology The sobriquet "Pierson's" comes from the name of the human who made first contact in the early 26th cent...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cryptographie%20ind%C3%A9chiffrable
Cryptographie indéchiffrable (subtitle: basée sur de nouvelles combinaisons rationelles) is a French book on cryptography written by Émile Victor Théodore Myszkowski (a retired French colonel) and published in 1902. His book described a cipher that the author had invented and claimed (incorrectly) was "undecipherable...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark-8
The Mark-8 is a microcomputer design from 1974, based on the Intel 8008 CPU (which was the world's first 8-bit microprocessor). The Mark-8 was designed by Jonathan Titus, a Virginia Tech graduate student in chemistry. After building the machine, Titus decided to share its design with the community and reached out to Ra...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partition%20of%20an%20interval
In mathematics, a partition of an interval on the real line is a finite sequence of real numbers such that . In other terms, a partition of a compact interval is a strictly increasing sequence of numbers (belonging to the interval itself) starting from the initial point of and arriving at the final point of . E...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ali%20Abu%20Al-Ragheb
Ali Abu al-Ragheb () (born 1946) was the 33rd Prime Minister of Jordan from 19 June 2000 until 25 October 2003. He resigned and was replaced by Faisal al-Fayez. Prime Minister Ali Abu Ragheb was born in Amman, Jordan in 1946. He obtained his BSc in Civil Engineering in 1967 from the University of Tennessee in the Unit...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fuchsian%20group
In mathematics, a Fuchsian group is a discrete subgroup of PSL(2,R). The group PSL(2,R) can be regarded equivalently as a group of orientation-preserving isometries of the hyperbolic plane, or conformal transformations of the unit disc, or conformal transformations of the upper half plane, so a Fuchsian group can be re...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marker%20interface%20pattern
The marker interface pattern is a design pattern in computer science, used with languages that provide run-time type information about objects. It provides a means to associate metadata with a class where the language does not have explicit support for such metadata. To use this pattern, a class implements a marker in...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir%20Prelog
Vladimir Prelog (23 July 1906 – 7 January 1998) was a Croatian-Swiss organic chemist who received the 1975 Nobel Prize in chemistry for his research into the stereochemistry of organic molecules and reactions. Prelog was born and grew up in Sarajevo. He lived and worked in Prague, Zagreb and Zürich during his lifetime...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaprekar%20number
In mathematics, a natural number in a given number base is a -Kaprekar number if the representation of its square in that base can be split into two parts, where the second part has digits, that add up to the original number. The numbers are named after D. R. Kaprekar. Definition and properties Let be a natural num...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divisible%20group
In mathematics, especially in the field of group theory, a divisible group is an abelian group in which every element can, in some sense, be divided by positive integers, or more accurately, every element is an nth multiple for each positive integer n. Divisible groups are important in understanding the structure of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1668%20in%20science
The year 1668 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy Isaac Newton invents the reflecting telescope. Biology Francesco Redi publishes Esperienze Intorno alla Generazione degl'Insetti ("Experiments on the Generation of Insects"), disproving theories of the spontaneous generation of magg...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1666%20in%20science
The year 1666 in science and technology involved some significant events. Events December 22 – French Academy of Sciences first meets. Astronomy Publication of Stanisław Lubieniecki's Theatrum Cometicum begins in Amsterdam, the first encyclopedia and atlas of comets. Botany Establishment of Herrenhäuser Gärten, H...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre%20Boutroux
Pierre Léon Boutroux (; 6 December 1880 – 15 August 1922) was a French mathematician and historian of science. Boutroux is chiefly known for his work in the history and philosophy of mathematics. Biography He was born in Paris on 6 December 1880 into a well connected family of the French intelligentsia. His father was...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1657%20in%20science
The year 1657 in science and technology involved some significant events. Geography Peter Heylin publishes his Cosmographie, one of the earliest attempts to describe the entire world in English and the first known description of Australia. Mathematics Christiaan Huygens writes the first book to be published on prob...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1655%20in%20science
The year 1655 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy March 25 – Titan, Saturn's largest moon, is discovered by Christiaan Huygens. Biology Botanical garden established at Uppsala University. Thomas Muffet's Healths Improvement, or, Rules comprising and discovering the nature, method,...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serre%27s%20multiplicity%20conjectures
In mathematics, Serre's multiplicity conjectures, named after Jean-Pierre Serre, are certain purely algebraic problems, in commutative algebra, motivated by the needs of algebraic geometry. Since André Weil's initial definition of intersection numbers, around 1949, there had been a question of how to provide a more fle...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirszbraun%20theorem
In mathematics, specifically real analysis and functional analysis, the Kirszbraun theorem states that if is a subset of some Hilbert space , and is another Hilbert space, and is a Lipschitz-continuous map, then there is a Lipschitz-continuous map that extends and has the same Lipschitz constant as . Note that ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1614%20in%20science
The year 1614 in science and technology involved some significant events. Mathematics Scottish mathematician John Napier publishes Mirifici Logarithmorum Canonis Descriptio ("Description of the Admirable Table of Logarithms"), outlining his discovery of logarithms and incorporating the decimal mark. Astronomer Johann...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marco%20Marra
Marco A. Marra is a Distinguished Scientist and Director of Canada's Michael Smith Genome Sciences Centre at the BC Cancer Research Centre and Professor of Medical Genetics at the University of British Columbia (UBC). He also serves as UBC Canada Research Chair in Genome Science for the Canadian Institutes of Health Re...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Mashey
John R. Mashey (born 1946) is an American computer scientist, director and entrepreneur. Career Mashey holds a Ph.D. in computer science from Pennsylvania State University, where he developed the ASSIST assembler language teaching software. He worked on the PWB/UNIX operating system at Bell Labs from 1973 to 1983, aut...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASSIST%20%28computing%29
ASSIST (the Assembler System for Student Instruction and Systems Teaching) is an IBM System/370-compatible assembler and interpreter developed in the early 1970s at Penn State University by Graham Campbell and John Mashey. plus student assistants. In the late 1960s, computer science education expanded rapidly and univ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20variational%20topics
This is a list of variational topics in from mathematics and physics. See calculus of variations for a general introduction. Action (physics) Averaged Lagrangian Brachistochrone curve Calculus of variations Catenoid Cycloid Dirichlet principle Euler–Lagrange equation cf. Action (physics) Fermat's principle Fu...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Configuration%20space%20%28physics%29
In classical mechanics, the parameters that define the configuration of a system are called generalized coordinates, and the space defined by these coordinates is called the configuration space of the physical system. It is often the case that these parameters satisfy mathematical constraints, such that the set of act...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rashid%20Sunyaev
Rashid Alievich Sunyaev (, ; born 1 March 1943 in Tashkent, USSR) is a German, Soviet, and Russian astrophysicist of Tatar descent. He got his MS degree from the Moscow Institute of Physics and Technology (MIPT) in 1966. He became a professor at MIPT in 1974. Sunyaev was the head of the High Energy Astrophysics Departm...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1617%20in%20science
The year 1617 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy Johannes Kepler begins to publish his Epitome astronomiæ Copernicanæ setting out his theory of elliptic orbits. Mathematics Napier’s Bones, a multiplication device invented by John Napier (who dies on April 4), is described in his R...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1615%20in%20science
The year 1615 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy Manuel Dias (Yang MaNuo), a Portuguese Jesuit missionary introduces for the first time in China the telescope in his book Tian Wen Lüe (Explicatio Sphaerae Coelestis). Chemistry Jean Beguin publishes an edition of his chemistry text...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaja%20Alaga
Gaja Alaga (3 July 1924 – 7 September 1988) was a Croatian theoretical physicist who specialised in nuclear physics. He was born in noble family of Bunjevac origin in the village of Lemeš (today called Svetozar Miletić) in northwestern Bačka in Kingdom of SHS (today in autonomous province Vojvodina, Serbia). He was a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformation%20geometry
In mathematics, transformation geometry (or transformational geometry) is the name of a mathematical and pedagogic take on the study of geometry by focusing on groups of geometric transformations, and properties that are invariant under them. It is opposed to the classical synthetic geometry approach of Euclidean geom...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injective%20module
In mathematics, especially in the area of abstract algebra known as module theory, an injective module is a module Q that shares certain desirable properties with the Z-module Q of all rational numbers. Specifically, if Q is a submodule of some other module, then it is already a direct summand of that module; also, giv...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Injective%20object
In mathematics, especially in the field of category theory, the concept of injective object is a generalization of the concept of injective module. This concept is important in cohomology, in homotopy theory and in the theory of model categories. The dual notion is that of a projective object. Definition An object i...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mutually%20orthogonal%20Latin%20squares
In combinatorial mathematics, two Latin squares of the same size (order) are said to be orthogonal if when superimposed the ordered paired entries in the positions are all distinct. A set of Latin squares, all of the same order, all pairs of which are orthogonal is called a set of mutually orthogonal Latin squares. Thi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaston%20Tarry
Gaston Tarry (27 September 1843 – 21 June 1913) was a French mathematician. Born in Villefranche de Rouergue, Aveyron, he studied mathematics at high school before joining the civil service in Algeria. He pursued mathematics as an amateur. In 1901 Tarry confirmed Leonhard Euler's conjecture that no 6×6 Graeco-Latin sq...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni%20Amelino-Camelia
Giovanni Amelino-Camelia (born 14 December 1965, Naples) is an Italian physicist of the University of Naples Federico II who works on quantum gravity. He is the first proposer of doubly special relativity, that is the idea of introducing the Planck length in physics as an observer-independent quantity, obtaining a rel...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodolfo%20Gambini
Rodolfo Gambini (born 11 May 1946) is a physicist and professor of the Universidad de la Republica in Montevideo, Uruguay and a visiting professor at the Horace Hearne Institute for Theoretical Physics at the Louisiana State University. He works on loop quantum gravity. He got his PhD in Université de Paris VI working...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integral%20equation
In mathematics, integral equations are equations in which an unknown function appears under an integral sign. In mathematical notation, integral equations may thus be expressed as being of the form: where is an integral operator acting on u. Hence, integral equations may be viewed as the analog to differential equatio...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudo-spectral%20method
Pseudo-spectral methods, also known as discrete variable representation (DVR) methods, are a class of numerical methods used in applied mathematics and scientific computing for the solution of partial differential equations. They are closely related to spectral methods, but complement the basis by an additional pseudo-...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glycosylation
Glycosylation is the reaction in which a carbohydrate (or 'glycan'), i.e. a glycosyl donor, is attached to a hydroxyl or other functional group of another molecule (a glycosyl acceptor) in order to form a glycoconjugate. In biology (but not always in chemistry), glycosylation usually refers to an enzyme-catalysed react...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spatial%20scale
Spatial scale is a specific application of the term scale for describing or categorizing (e.g. into orders of magnitude) the size of a space (hence spatial), or the extent of it at which a phenomenon or process occurs. For instance, in physics an object or phenomenon can be called microscopic if too small to be visibl...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Udi%20Manber
Udi Manber () is an Israeli computer scientist. He is one of the authors of agrep and GLIMPSE. After a career in engineering and management, he worked on medical research. Education He earned both his bachelor's degree in 1975 in mathematics and his master's degree in 1978 from the Technion in Israel. At the Universi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ultra-high-energy%20cosmic%20ray
In astroparticle physics, an ultra-high-energy cosmic ray (UHECR) is a cosmic ray with an energy greater than 1 EeV (1018 electronvolts, approximately 0.16 joules), far beyond both the rest mass and energies typical of other cosmic ray particles. These particles are extremely rare; between 2004 and 2007, the initial r...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Program%20derivation
In computer science, program derivation is the derivation of a program from its specification, by mathematical means. To derive a program means to write a formal specification, which is usually non-executable, and then apply mathematically correct rules in order to obtain an executable program satisfying that specific...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skipjack%20%28cipher%29
In cryptography, Skipjack is a block cipher—an algorithm for encryption—developed by the U.S. National Security Agency (NSA). Initially classified, it was originally intended for use in the controversial Clipper chip. Subsequently, the algorithm was declassified. History of Skipjack Skipjack was proposed as the encryp...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Legendre%20transform%20%28integral%20transform%29
In mathematics, Legendre transform is an integral transform named after the mathematician Adrien-Marie Legendre, which uses Legendre polynomials as kernels of the transform. Legendre transform is a special case of Jacobi transform. The Legendre transform of a function is The inverse Legendre transform is given by ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle%20in%20a%20ring
In quantum mechanics, the case of a particle in a one-dimensional ring is similar to the particle in a box. The Schrödinger equation for a free particle which is restricted to a ring (technically, whose configuration space is the circle ) is Wave function Using polar coordinates on the 1-dimensional ring of radius R...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diving%20physics
Diving physics, or the physics of underwater diving is the basic aspects of physics which describe the effects of the underwater environment on the underwater diver and their equipment, and the effects of blending, compressing, and storing breathing gas mixtures, and supplying them for use at ambient pressure. These ef...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometric%20hashing
In computer science, geometric hashing is a method for efficiently finding two-dimensional objects represented by discrete points that have undergone an affine transformation, though extensions exist to other object representations and transformations. In an off-line step, the objects are encoded by treating each pair ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MoD%20Lyneham
Ministry of Defence Lyneham or MOD Lyneham is a Ministry of Defence site in Wiltshire, England, about north-east of Chippenham and south-west of Swindon. The site houses the Defence School of Electronic and Mechanical Engineering. Also here is Prince Philip Barracks, housing the regimental headquarters of the Royal E...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni%20Alfonso%20Borelli
Giovanni Alfonso Borelli (; 28 January 1608 – 31 December 1679) was a Renaissance Italian physiologist, physicist, and mathematician. He contributed to the modern principle of scientific investigation by continuing Galileo's practice of testing hypotheses against observation. Trained in mathematics, Borelli also made e...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abram%20Ioffe
Abram Fedorovich Ioffe (; – 14 October 1960) was a prominent Soviet physicist. He received the Stalin Prize (1942), the Lenin Prize (1960) (posthumously), and the Hero of Socialist Labor (1955). Ioffe was an expert in various areas of solid state physics and electromagnetism. He established research laboratories for r...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yakov%20Zeldovich
Yakov Borisovich Zeldovich (, ; 8 March 1914 – 2 December 1987), also known as YaB, was a leading Soviet physicist of Belarusian origin, who is known for his prolific contributions in physical cosmology, physics of thermonuclear reactions, combustion, and hydrodynamical phenomena. From 1943, Zeldovich, a self-taught...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symbol%20table
In computer science, a symbol table is a data structure used by a language translator such as a compiler or interpreter, where each identifier (or symbol), constant, procedure and function in a program's source code is associated with information relating to its declaration or appearance in the source. In other words, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hartree%E2%80%93Fock%20method
In computational physics and chemistry, the Hartree–Fock (HF) method is a method of approximation for the determination of the wave function and the energy of a quantum many-body system in a stationary state. The Hartree–Fock method often assumes that the exact N-body wave function of the system can be approximated by...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle%20Physics%20and%20Astronomy%20Research%20Council
The Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council (PPARC) was one of a number of research councils in the United Kingdom. It directed, coordinated and funded research in particle physics and astronomy for the people of the UK. Its head office was at Polaris House in Swindon, Wiltshire, but it also operated three scie...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oscillation%20%28mathematics%29
In mathematics, the oscillation of a function or a sequence is a number that quantifies how much that sequence or function varies between its extreme values as it approaches infinity or a point. As is the case with limits, there are several definitions that put the intuitive concept into a form suitable for a mathemati...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlo%20Matteucci
Carlo Matteucci (20 or 21 June 1811 – 25 June 1868) was an Italian physicist and neurophysiologist who was a pioneer in the study of bioelectricity. Biography Carlo Matteucci was born at Forlì, in the province of Romagna, to Vincenzo Matteucci, a physician, and Chiara Folfi. He studied mathematics at the University o...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heinrich%20Gustav%20Magnus
Heinrich Gustav Magnus (; 2 May 1802 – 4 April 1870) was a notable German experimental scientist. His training was mostly in chemistry but his later research was mostly in physics. He spent the great bulk of his career at the University of Berlin, where he is remembered for his laboratory teaching as much as for his or...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Antoine%20Chaptal
Jean-Antoine Chaptal, comte de Chanteloup (5 June 1756 – 29 July 1832) was a French chemist, physician, agronomist, industrialist, statesman, educator and philanthropist. His multifaceted career unfolded during one of the most brilliant periods in French science. In chemistry it was the time of Antoine Lavoisier, Claud...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluid%20parcel
In fluid dynamics, a fluid parcel, also known as a fluid element or material element, is an infinitesimal volume of fluid, identifiable throughout its dynamic history while moving with the fluid flow. As it moves, the mass of a fluid parcel remains constant, while—in a compressible flow—its volume may change, and its s...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ekman%20number
The Ekman number (Ek) is a dimensionless number used in fluid dynamics to describe the ratio of viscous forces to Coriolis forces. It is frequently used in describing geophysical phenomena in the oceans and atmosphere in order to characterise the ratio of viscous forces to the Coriolis forces arising from planetary rot...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vagn%20Walfrid%20Ekman
Vagn Walfrid Ekman (3 May 1874 – 9 March 1954) was a Swedish oceanographer. Born in Stockholm to Fredrik Laurentz Ekman, himself an oceanographer, he became committed to oceanography while studying physics at the University of Uppsala and, in particular, on hearing Vilhelm Bjerknes lecture on fluid dynamics. During t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contact%20geometry
In mathematics, contact geometry is the study of a geometric structure on smooth manifolds given by a hyperplane distribution in the tangent bundle satisfying a condition called 'complete non-integrability'. Equivalently, such a distribution may be given (at least locally) as the kernel of a differential one-form, an...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg%20Christoph%20Lichtenberg
Georg Christoph Lichtenberg (1 July 1742 – 24 February 1799) was a German physicist, satirist, and Anglophile. As a scientist, he was the first to hold a professorship explicitly dedicated to experimental physics in Germany. He is remembered for his posthumously published notebooks, which he himself called , a descript...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1634%20in%20science
The year 1634 in science and technology involved some significant events. Astronomy Johannes Kepler's fictional account of the view from the Moon Somnium (written 1608) is published posthumously by his son. Botany Thomas Johnson begins publishing Mercurius Botanicus, including a list of indigenous British plants. ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1636%20in%20science
The year 1636 in science and technology involved some significant events. Mathematics Pierre de Fermat begins to circulate his work in analytic geometry in manuscript. Muhammad Baqir Yazdi and René Descartes independently discover the pair of amicable numbers 9,363,584 and 9,437,056. Physics Marin Mersenne publish...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1653%20in%20science
The year 1653 in science and technology involved some significant events. Biology Jan van Kessel paints a series of pictures of insects and fruit. Mathematics Blaise Pascal publishes his Traité du triangle arithmétique in which he describes a convenient tabular presentation for binomial coefficients, now called Pasc...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1649%20in%20science
The year 1649 in science and technology involved some significant events. Biology Publication of John Jonston's Historiae naturalis in Frankfurt begins with De piscibus et cetis. Technology Johann Schröder publishes two methods for the production of elemental Arsenic. Mathematics Frans van Schooten publishes the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20Rowlett
Frank Byron Rowlett (May 2, 1908 – June 29, 1998) was an American cryptologist. Life and career Rowlett was born in Rose Hill, Lee County, Virginia and attended Emory & Henry College in Emory, Virginia. In 1929 he received a bachelor's degree in mathematics and chemistry. He was hired by William Friedman as a "junior ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abraham%20Sinkov
Abraham Sinkov (August 22, 1907 – January 19, 1998) was a US cryptanalyst. An early employee of the U.S. Army's Signals Intelligence Service, he held several leadership positions during World War II, transitioning to the new National Security Agency after the war, where he became a deputy director. After retiring in 19...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiant%20energy
In physics, and in particular as measured by radiometry, radiant energy is the energy of electromagnetic and gravitational radiation. As energy, its SI unit is the joule (J). The quantity of radiant energy may be calculated by integrating radiant flux (or power) with respect to time. The symbol Qe is often used through...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAG
CAG or cag may refer to: Cagoule, a lightweight weatherproof raincoat or anorak with a hood CAG promoter, used in molecular biology CAG, a codon for the amino acid glutamine Cagliari–Elmas Airport (IATA airport code: CAG) in Cagliari, Sardinia, Italy Canadian Association of Geographers Chassis Air Guide, in comp...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Expressed%20sequence%20tag
In genetics, an expressed sequence tag (EST) is a short sub-sequence of a cDNA sequence. ESTs may be used to identify gene transcripts, and were instrumental in gene discovery and in gene-sequence determination. The identification of ESTs has proceeded rapidly, with approximately 74.2 million ESTs now available in publ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nick%20Pippenger
Nicholas John Pippenger is a researcher in computer science. He has produced a number of fundamental results many of which are being widely used in the field of theoretical computer science, database processing and compiler optimization. He has also achieved the rank of IBM Fellow at Almaden IBM Research Center in San ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metabolite
In biochemistry, a metabolite is an intermediate or end product of metabolism. The term is usually used for small molecules. Metabolites have various functions, including fuel, structure, signaling, stimulatory and inhibitory effects on enzymes, catalytic activity of their own (usually as a cofactor to an enzyme), defe...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Omics
The branches of science known informally as omics are various disciplines in biology whose names end in the suffix -omics, such as genomics, proteomics, metabolomics, metagenomics, phenomics and transcriptomics. Omics aims at the collective characterization and quantification of pools of biological molecules that trans...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis%20W.%20Tordella
Louis William Tordella (May 1, 1911 – January 9, 1996) was the longest serving deputy director of the National Security Agency. Biography Tordella was born in Garrett, Indiana, on May 1, 1911 and grew up in the Chicago environs. He displayed an early affinity for mathematics, and obtained bachelors, masters, and docto...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whitney%20embedding%20theorem
In mathematics, particularly in differential topology, there are two Whitney embedding theorems, named after Hassler Whitney: The strong Whitney embedding theorem states that any smooth real -dimensional manifold (required also to be Hausdorff and second-countable) can be smoothly embedded in the real -space, if . Th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20molecule
In molecular biology and pharmacology, a small molecule or micromolecule is a low molecular weight (≤ 1000 daltons) organic compound that may regulate a biological process, with a size on the order of 1 nm. Many drugs are small molecules; the terms are equivalent in the literature. Larger structures such as nucleic aci...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Triangle%20Fraternity
Triangle is a fraternity for male students majoring in engineering, architecture, and the physical, mathematical, biological, and computer sciences. It is the only member of the North American Interfraternity Conference to limit its membership recruitment to these majors. Triangle Fraternity organized at the Universit...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraction%20%28disambiguation%29
A fraction is one or more equal parts of something. Fraction may also refer to: Fraction (chemistry), a quantity of a substance collected by fractionation Fraction (floating point number), an (ambiguous) term sometimes used to specify a part of a floating point number Fraction (politics), a subgroup within a parlia...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2520%20%28number%29
2520 (two thousand five hundred twenty) is the natural number following 2519 and preceding 2521. In mathematics 2520 is: the smallest number divisible by all integers from one to ten, i.e., it is their least common multiple. half of 7! (5040), meaning 7 factorial, or . the product of five consecutive numbers, namely ....
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MOP
A mop is an implement for mopping floors MOP, mop or MoP may refer to: Computer science Maintenance Operations Protocol, in computer networks Metaobject protocol, a technique that allows a computer programmer to extend or alter the semantics of a language Multiple Online Programming – see MINIMOP Government and o...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bert%20Sutherland
William Robert Sutherland (May 10, 1936 – February 18, 2020) was an American computer scientist who was the longtime manager of three prominent research laboratories, including Sun Microsystems Laboratories (1992–1998), the Systems Science Laboratory at Xerox PARC (1975–1981), and the Computer Science Division of Bolt,...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebraically%20compact%20module
In mathematics, algebraically compact modules, also called pure-injective modules, are modules that have a certain "nice" property which allows the solution of infinite systems of equations in the module by finitary means. The solutions to these systems allow the extension of certain kinds of module homomorphisms. Th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Particle%20detector
In experimental and applied particle physics, nuclear physics, and nuclear engineering, a particle detector, also known as a radiation detector, is a device used to detect, track, and/or identify ionizing particles, such as those produced by nuclear decay, cosmic radiation, or reactions in a particle accelerator. Detec...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Low-discrepancy%20sequence
In mathematics, a low-discrepancy sequence is a sequence with the property that for all values of N, its subsequence x1, ..., xN has a low discrepancy. Roughly speaking, the discrepancy of a sequence is low if the proportion of points in the sequence falling into an arbitrary set B is close to proportional to the meas...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janice%20E.%20Voss
Janice Elaine Voss (October 8, 1956 – February 6, 2012) was an American engineer and a NASA astronaut. Voss received her B.S. in engineering science from Purdue University, her M.S. in electrical engineering from MIT, and her PhD in aeronautics and astronautics from MIT. She flew in space five times, jointly holding th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Three-address%20code
In computer science, three-address code (often abbreviated to TAC or 3AC) is an intermediate code used by optimizing compilers to aid in the implementation of code-improving transformations. Each TAC instruction has at most three operands and is typically a combination of assignment and a binary operator. For example, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center%20for%20Complex%20Quantum%20Systems
The Center for Complex Quantum Systems is a research institute within the Department of Physics of The University of Texas at Austin in the United States. The center, founded in 1967 by Ilya Prigogine, is dedicated to the theoretical and computational research of complex systems, statistical mechanics and chaos theory...