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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann%20Deisenhofer
Johann Deisenhofer (; born September 30, 1943) is a German biochemist who, along with Hartmut Michel and Robert Huber, received the Nobel Prize for Chemistry in 1988 for their determination of the first crystal structure of an integral membrane protein, a membrane-bound complex of proteins and co-factors that is essent...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Receptor%20%28biochemistry%29
In biochemistry and pharmacology, receptors are chemical structures, composed of protein, that receive and transduce signals that may be integrated into biological systems. These signals are typically chemical messengers which bind to a receptor and produce physiological responses such as change in the electrical activ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coulomb%20%28disambiguation%29
The coulomb (symbol: C) is a unit of electric charge, named after French physicist Charles-Augustin de Coulomb. Coulomb may also refer to: People Charles-Augustin de Coulomb (1736–1806), French physicist and namesake of the term coulomb Coulomb's law, a law of physics first published by Coulomb in 1785 List of th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20B.%20McCormick
Joseph B. McCormick (Birth October 16, 1942) is an American epidemiologist, physician, and academic. Early life and education Joseph B. McCormick was born in Knoxville, Tennessee. His early years were spent on a farm in Indiana. He attended Florida Southern College, graduating with degrees in chemistry and mathemati...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timothy%20Sprigge
Timothy Lauro Squire Sprigge (14 January 1932 – 11 July 2007), usually cited as T. L. S. Sprigge, was a British idealist philosopher who spent the latter portion of his career at the University of Edinburgh, where he was Professor of Logic and Metaphysics, and latterly an Emeritus Fellow. Biography Sprigge was educate...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action%20at%20a%20distance
In physics, action at a distance is the concept that an object's motion can be affected by another object without being physically contact (as in mechanical contact) by the other object. That is, it is the non-local interaction of objects that are separated in space. Coulomb's law and Newton's law of universal gravitat...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BGM
BGM can refer to: Locations Boddington Gold Mine, a gold mine in Western Australia. Mathematics Bayesian Graphical Model, a form of probability model. Brace Gatarek Musiela LIBOR market model: a finance model, also called BGM in reference to some of its inventors Medicine Blood glucose monitoring, or the device used...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1945%20in%20science
The year 1945 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below. Biology Salvador Edward Luria and Alfred Day Hershey independently recognize that viruses undergo mutations. Chemistry A team at Oak Ridge National Laboratory led by Charles Coryell discovers chemical element 61, the only one st...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1946%20in%20science
The year 1946 in science and technology involved some significant events, listed below. Astronomy January 10 – The United States Army Signal Corps' Project Diana bounces radar waves off the Moon. Reginald Aldworth Daly of Harvard University first proposes a giant impact hypothesis to account for formation of the Moo...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dirichlet%20problem
In mathematics, a Dirichlet problem is the problem of finding a function which solves a specified partial differential equation (PDE) in the interior of a given region that takes prescribed values on the boundary of the region. The Dirichlet problem can be solved for many PDEs, although originally it was posed for Lap...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stratification%20%28mathematics%29
Stratification has several usages in mathematics. In mathematical logic In mathematical logic, stratification is any consistent assignment of numbers to predicate symbols guaranteeing that a unique formal interpretation of a logical theory exists. Specifically, we say that a set of clauses of the form is stratified ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Better%20Living%20Through%20Chemistry%20%28album%29
Better Living Through Chemistry is the debut studio album by English electronic music producer Fatboy Slim. It was released on 23 September 1996 in the United Kingdom by Skint Records and in the United States by Astralwerks. It was Fatboy Slim's first work to chart outside of the UK, with the single "Going Out of My He...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragline%20excavator
A dragline excavator is a piece of heavy equipment used in civil engineering and surface mining. Draglines fall into two broad categories: those that are based on standard, lifting cranes, and the heavy units which have to be built on-site. Most crawler cranes, with an added winch drum on the front, can act as a dragl...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferranti%20Mark%201
The Ferranti Mark 1, also known as the Manchester Electronic Computer in its sales literature, and thus sometimes called the Manchester Ferranti, was produced by British electrical engineering firm Ferranti Ltd. It was the world's first commercially available electronic general-purpose stored program digital computer....
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynn%20Abbey
Marilyn Lorraine "Lynn" Abbey (born September 18, 1948) is an American fantasy author. Background Born in Peekskill, New York, Abbey was daughter of Ronald Lionel (an insurance manager) and Doris Lorraine (a homemaker; maiden name, De Wees). She attended the University of Rochester, where she began as an astrophysics ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complete%20partial%20order
In mathematics, the phrase complete partial order is variously used to refer to at least three similar, but distinct, classes of partially ordered sets, characterized by particular completeness properties. Complete partial orders play a central role in theoretical computer science: in denotational semantics and domain ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DCPO
DCPO or Dcpo may refer to: Dame Commander of the Pontifical Order of Pius IX, female variant of a class in one of the orders of knighthood of the Holy See Directed complete partial order, in mathematics a special class of partially ordered sets, characterized by particular completeness properties
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bell%20polynomials
In combinatorial mathematics, the Bell polynomials, named in honor of Eric Temple Bell, are used in the study of set partitions. They are related to Stirling and Bell numbers. They also occur in many applications, such as in the Faà di Bruno's formula. Definitions Exponential Bell polynomials The partial or incomplet...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michel%20Mayor
Michel Gustave Édouard Mayor (; born 12 January 1942) is a Swiss astrophysicist and professor emeritus at the University of Geneva's Department of Astronomy. He formally retired in 2007, but remains active as a researcher at the Observatory of Geneva. He is co-laureate of the 2019 Nobel Prize in Physics along with Jim ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generator%20%28computer%20programming%29
In computer science, a generator is a routine that can be used to control the iteration behaviour of a loop. All generators are also iterators. A generator is very similar to a function that returns an array, in that a generator has parameters, can be called, and generates a sequence of values. However, instead of buil...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractory%20metals
Refractory metals are a class of metals that are extraordinarily resistant to heat and wear. The expression is mostly used in the context of materials science, metallurgy and engineering. The definition of which elements belong to this group differs. The most common definition includes five elements: two of the fifth p...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20%C3%89douard%20Guillaume
Charles Édouard Guillaume (15 February 1861, in Fleurier, Switzerland – 13 May 1938, in Sèvres, France) was a Swiss physicist who received the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1920 in recognition of the service he had rendered to precision measurements in physics by his discovery of anomalies in nickel steel alloys. In 1919, ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manne%20Siegbahn
Karl Manne Georg Siegbahn FRS(For) HFRSE (3 December 1886 – 26 September 1978) was a Swedish physicist who was awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1924 "for his discoveries and research in the field of X-ray spectroscopy". Biography Siegbahn was born in Örebro, Sweden, the son of Georg Siegbahn and his wife, Emma Ze...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LBB
LBB may stand for: Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. bulgaricus, a bacterium used in the production of yogurt Ladyzhenskaya–Babuška–Brezzi condition, in mathematics Laura Bell Bundy, an actress and singer Little brown bird or little brown bats, name given to an unidentified species Little Black Book (disambiguatio...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Measurement%20in%20quantum%20mechanics
In quantum physics, a measurement is the testing or manipulation of a physical system to yield a numerical result. A fundamental feature of quantum theory is that the predictions it makes are probabilistic. The procedure for finding a probability involves combining a quantum state, which mathematically describes a quan...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corps%20des%20mines
The Corps des mines is the foremost technical Grand Corps of the French State (grands corps de l'Etat). It is composed of the state industrial engineers. The Corps is attached to the French Ministry of Economy and Finance. Its purpose is to entice French students in mathematics and physics to serve the government and t...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hilbert%20transform
In mathematics and signal processing, the Hilbert transform is a specific singular integral that takes a function, of a real variable and produces another function of a real variable . The Hilbert transform is given by the Cauchy principal value of the convolution with the function (see ). The Hilbert transform ha...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular%20motion
In physics, circular motion is a movement of an object along the circumference of a circle or rotation along a circular arc. It can be uniform, with a constant rate of rotation and constant tangential speed, or non-uniform with a changing rate of rotation. The rotation around a fixed axis of a three-dimensional body in...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feed%20forward%20%28control%29
A feed forward (sometimes written feedforward) is an element or pathway within a control system that passes a controlling signal from a source in its external environment to a load elsewhere in its external environment. This is often a command signal from an external operator. In mechanical engineering, a feedforward ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half-Life%202
Half-Life 2 is a 2004 first-person shooter (FPS) game developed and published by Valve Corporation. It was initially published for Microsoft Windows through Valve’s digital distribution service Steam. Like the original Half-Life (1998), Half-Life 2 combines shooting, puzzles, and storytelling, and adds features such as...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cheminformatics
Cheminformatics (also known as chemoinformatics) refers to the use of physical chemistry theory with computer and information science techniques—so called "in silico" techniques—in application to a range of descriptive and prescriptive problems in the field of chemistry, including in its applications to biology and rel...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pierre-Gilles%20de%20Gennes
Pierre-Gilles de Gennes (; 24 October 1932 – 18 May 2007) was a French physicist and the Nobel Prize laureate in physics in 1991. Education and early life He was born in Paris, France, and was home-schooled to the age of 12. By the age of 13, he had adopted adult reading habits and was visiting museums. Later, de Genn...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scientific%20visualization
Scientific visualization (also spelled scientific visualisation) is an interdisciplinary branch of science concerned with the visualization of scientific phenomena. It is also considered a subset of computer graphics, a branch of computer science. The purpose of scientific visualization is to graphically illustrate sci...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parametric%20equation
In mathematics, a parametric equation defines a group of quantities as functions of one or more independent variables called parameters. Parametric equations are commonly used to express the coordinates of the points that make up a geometric object such as a curve or surface, called a parametric curve and parametric s...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Discriminated%20union
The term discriminated union may refer to: Disjoint union in set theory. Tagged union in computer science. Mathematics disambiguation pages
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropism
In biology, a tropism is a phenomenon indicating the growth or turning movement of an organism, usually a plant, in response to an environmental stimulus. In tropisms, this response is dependent on the direction of the stimulus (as opposed to nastic movements which are non-directional responses). Tropisms are usually n...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finite%20field%20arithmetic
In mathematics, finite field arithmetic is arithmetic in a finite field (a field containing a finite number of elements) contrary to arithmetic in a field with an infinite number of elements, like the field of rational numbers. There are infinitely many different finite fields. Their number of elements is necessarily ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Environmental%20Audio%20Extensions
The Environmental Audio Extensions (or EAX) are a number of digital signal processing presets for audio, present in Creative Technology Sound Blaster sound cards starting with the Sound Blaster Live and the Creative NOMAD/Creative ZEN product lines. Due to the release of Windows Vista in 2007, which deprecated the Dire...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time%20%28disambiguation%29
Time is the continued sequence of existence and events, and a fundamental quantity of measuring systems. Time or times may also refer to: Temporal measurement Time in physics, defined by its measurement Time standard, civil time specification Horology, study of the measurement of time Chronometry, science of the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Durham%20tube
Durham tubes are used in microbiology to detect production of gas by microorganisms. They are simply smaller test tubes inserted upside down in another test tube so they are freely movable. The culture media to be tested is then added to the larger tube and sterilized, which also eliminates the initial air gap produced...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Binary%20decision%20diagram
In computer science, a binary decision diagram (BDD) or branching program is a data structure that is used to represent a Boolean function. On a more abstract level, BDDs can be considered as a compressed representation of sets or relations. Unlike other compressed representations, operations are performed directly on ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PMSA
PMSA may stand for: Pakistan Maritime Security Agency (PMSA) Port Said Medical Students' Association Presbyterian and Methodist Schools Association Primary Metropolitan Statistical Area (see: United States metropolitan area) Project Management South Africa (PMSA) Proviso Mathematics and Science Academy Public Monuments...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CMSA
CMSA may refer to: Chain Makers' and Strikers' Association, a former British trade union Chicago Math and Science Academy China Manned Space Agency, the human spaceflight agency of China China Maritime Safety Administration Classical Mandolin Society of America Colleges of Medicine of South Africa Combinatorial...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Decision%20tree%20learning
Decision tree learning is a supervised learning approach used in statistics, data mining and machine learning. In this formalism, a classification or regression decision tree is used as a predictive model to draw conclusions about a set of observations. Tree models where the target variable can take a discrete set of ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Association%20rule%20learning
Association rule learning is a rule-based machine learning method for discovering interesting relations between variables in large databases. It is intended to identify strong rules discovered in databases using some measures of interestingness. In any given transaction with a variety of items, association rules are me...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otu
Otu or OTU may refer to: Otu: Otu, Iran, a village in Mazandaran Province, Iran Otu, Siga, Japan Otú Airport, an airport in the village of Otú and serving the town of Remedios, Colombia OTU: Ontario Tech University, a postsecondary institution in Ontario, Canada Operational taxonomic unit, in biology Operationa...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Relativistic%20wave%20equations
In physics, specifically relativistic quantum mechanics (RQM) and its applications to particle physics, relativistic wave equations predict the behavior of particles at high energies and velocities comparable to the speed of light. In the context of quantum field theory (QFT), the equations determine the dynamics of qu...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frithjof%20Schuon
Frithjof Schuon (, , ; 18 June 1907 – 5 May 1998) was a Swiss metaphysician of German descent, belonging to the Perennialist or Traditionalist School of thought. He was the author of more than twenty works in French on metaphysics, spirituality, religion, anthropology and art, which have been translated into English an...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass%20concentration%20%28astronomy%29
In astronomy, astrophysics and geophysics, a mass concentration (or mascon) is a region of a planet's or moon's crust that contains a large positive gravity anomaly. In general, the word "mascon" can be used as a noun to refer to an excess distribution of mass on or beneath the surface of an astronomical body (compared...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnitude%20%28mathematics%29
In mathematics, the magnitude or size of a mathematical object is a property which determines whether the object is larger or smaller than other objects of the same kind. More formally, an object's magnitude is the displayed result of an ordering (or ranking) of the class of objects to which it belongs. In physics, ma...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banach%E2%80%93Alaoglu%20theorem
In functional analysis and related branches of mathematics, the Banach–Alaoglu theorem (also known as Alaoglu's theorem) states that the closed unit ball of the dual space of a normed vector space is compact in the weak* topology. A common proof identifies the unit ball with the weak-* topology as a closed subset of a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compact%20operator
In functional analysis, a branch of mathematics, a compact operator is a linear operator , where are normed vector spaces, with the property that maps bounded subsets of to relatively compact subsets of (subsets with compact closure in ). Such an operator is necessarily a bounded operator, and so continuous. Some a...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Center%20frequency
In electrical engineering and telecommunications, the center frequency of a filter or channel is a measure of a central frequency between the upper and lower cutoff frequencies. It is usually defined as either the arithmetic mean or the geometric mean of the lower cutoff frequency and the upper cutoff frequency of a b...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Thomson%20Rees%20Wilson
Charles Thomson Rees Wilson, (14 February 1869 – 15 November 1959) was a Scottish physicist and meteorologist who won the Nobel Prize in Physics for his invention of the cloud chamber. Education and early life Wilson was born in the parish of Glencorse, Midlothian to Annie Clark Harper and John Wilson, a sheep farmer...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Alfred%20Fowler
William Alfred Fowler ( ) was an American nuclear physicist, later astrophysicist, who, with Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar, was awarded the 1983 Nobel Prize in Physics. He is known for his theoretical and experimental research into nuclear reactions within stars and the energy elements produced in the process and was one...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Alan%20Gardner
James Alan Gardner (born January 10, 1955) is a Canadian science fiction author. Raised in Simcoe and Bradford, Ontario, he earned bachelor's and master's degrees in applied mathematics from the University of Waterloo. Gardner has published science fiction short stories in a range of periodicals, including The Magazi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Department%20of%20Plant%20Sciences%2C%20University%20of%20Cambridge
The Department of Plant Sciences is a department of the University of Cambridge that conducts research and teaching in plant sciences. It was established in 1904, although the university has had a professor of botany since 1724. Research , the department pursues three strategic targets of research Global food securi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Half-cell
In electrochemistry, a half-cell is a structure that contains a conductive electrode and a surrounding conductive electrolyte separated by a naturally occurring Helmholtz double layer. Chemical reactions within this layer momentarily pump electric charges between the electrode and the electrolyte, resulting in a potent...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20Scherbius
Arthur Scherbius (30 October 1878 – 13 May 1929) was a German electrical engineer who invented the mechanical cipher Enigma machine. He patented the invention and later sold the machine under the brand name Enigma. Scherbius offered unequalled opportunities and showed the importance of cryptography to both military an...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris%20Hagelin
Boris Caesar Wilhelm Hagelin (2 July 1892 – 7 September 1983) was a Swedish businessman and inventor of encryption machines. Biography Born of Swedish parents in Adshikent, Russian Empire (now Azerbaijan), Hagelin attended Lundsberg boarding school and later studied mechanical engineering at the Royal Institute of Tec...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clifford%20Cocks
Clifford Christopher Cocks (born 28 December 1950) is a British mathematician and cryptographer. In 1973, while working at the United Kingdom Government Communications Headquarters (GCHQ), he invented a public-key cryptography algorithm equivalent to what would become (in 1977) the RSA algorithm. The idea was classif...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott%20Vanstone
Scott A. Vanstone was a mathematician and cryptographer in the University of Waterloo Faculty of Mathematics. He was a member of the school's Centre for Applied Cryptographic Research, and was also a founder of the cybersecurity company Certicom. He received his PhD in 1974 at the University of Waterloo, and for abou...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Kahn%20%28writer%29
David Kahn (b. February 7, 1930) is an American historian, journalist, and writer. He has written extensively on the history of cryptography and military intelligence. Kahn's first published book, The Codebreakers - The Story of Secret Writing (1967), has been widely considered to be a definitive account of the histor...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Key%20exchange
Key exchange (also key establishment) is a method in cryptography by which cryptographic keys are exchanged between two parties, allowing use of a cryptographic algorithm. If the sender and receiver wish to exchange encrypted messages, each must be equipped to encrypt messages to be sent and decrypt messages received....
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard%20hydrogen%20electrode
In electrochemistry, the standard hydrogen electrode (abbreviated SHE), is a redox electrode which forms the basis of the thermodynamic scale of oxidation-reduction potentials. Its absolute electrode potential is estimated to be at 25 °C, but to form a basis for comparison with all other electrochemical reactions, hyd...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Additive
Additive may refer to: Mathematics Additive function, a function in number theory Additive map, a function that preserves the addition operation Additive set-function see Sigma additivity Additive category, a preadditive category with finite biproducts Additive inverse, an arithmetic concept Science Additive co...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VBI
VBI may refer to: Biocomplexity Institute of Virginia Tech (formerly the Virginia Bioinformatics Institute), a research organization specializing in bioinformatics, computational biology, and systems biology in Virginia, United States Value-based investing, also known as value investing, an investment paradigm that in...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Loop%20invariant
In computer science, a loop invariant is a property of a program loop that is true before (and after) each iteration. It is a logical assertion, sometimes checked with a code assertion. Knowing its invariant(s) is essential in understanding the effect of a loop. In formal program verification, particularly the Floyd-H...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roll
Roll or Rolls may refer to: Physics and engineering Rolling, a motion of two objects with respect to each-other such that the two stay in contact without sliding Roll angle (or roll rotation), one of the 3 angular degrees of freedom of any stiff body (for example a vehicle), describing motion about the longitudinal...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claim
Claim may refer to: Claim (legal) Claim of Right Act 1689 Claims-based identity Claim (philosophy) Land claim A main contention, see conclusion of law Patent claim The assertion of a proposition; see Douglas N. Walton A right Sequent, in mathematics Another term for an advertising slogan Health claim A ter...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scholz%20conjecture
In mathematics, the Scholz conjecture is a conjecture on the length of certain addition chains. It is sometimes also called the Scholz–Brauer conjecture or the Brauer–Scholz conjecture, after Arnold Scholz who formulated it in 1937 and Alfred Brauer who studied it soon afterward and proved a weaker bound. Statement Th...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Addition%20chain
In mathematics, an addition chain for computing a positive integer can be given by a sequence of natural numbers starting with 1 and ending with , such that each number in the sequence is the sum of two previous numbers. The length of an addition chain is the number of sums needed to express all its numbers, which is ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photobiology
Photobiology is the scientific study of the beneficial and harmful interactions of light (technically, non-ionizing radiation) in living organisms. The field includes the study of photophysics, photochemistry, photosynthesis, photomorphogenesis, visual processing, circadian rhythms, photomovement, bioluminescence, and ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magnetomotive%20force
In physics, the magnetomotive force (abbreviated mmf or MMF, symbol ) is a quantity appearing in the equation for the magnetic flux in a magnetic circuit, Hopkinson's law. It is the property of certain substances or phenomena that give rise to magnetic fields: where is the magnetic flux and is the reluctance of the ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image%20%28mathematics%29
In mathematics, the image of a function is the set of all output values it may produce. More generally, evaluating a given function at each element of a given subset of its domain produces a set, called the "image of under (or through) ". Similarly, the inverse image (or preimage) of a given subset of the codomain...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anton%20Kutter
Anton Kutter (13 June 1903, in Biberach an der Riß – 1 February 1985, in Biberach) was a German film director and screenwriter. He studied mechanical engineering at Stuttgart Technical University. In 1926 Kutter went to Cologne and joined the Phototechnical Laboratory, and created his first films the same year. From 1...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gene%20prediction
In computational biology, gene prediction or gene finding refers to the process of identifying the regions of genomic DNA that encode genes. This includes protein-coding genes as well as RNA genes, but may also include prediction of other functional elements such as regulatory regions. Gene finding is one of the first ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ecoinformatics
Ecoinformatics, or ecological informatics, is the science of information in ecology and environmental science. It integrates environmental and information sciences to define entities and natural processes with language common to both humans and computers. However, this is a rapidly developing area in ecology and there ...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tubulin
Tubulin in molecular biology can refer either to the tubulin protein superfamily of globular proteins, or one of the member proteins of that superfamily. α- and β-tubulins polymerize into microtubules, a major component of the eukaryotic cytoskeleton. Microtubules function in many essential cellular processes, includi...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International%20Union%20of%20Pure%20and%20Applied%20Physics
The International Union of Pure and Applied Physics (IUPAP; ) is an international non-governmental organization whose mission is to assist in the worldwide development of physics, to foster international cooperation in physics, and to help in the application of physics toward solving problems of concern to humanity. It...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World%20Year%20of%20Physics%202005
The year 2005 was named the World Year of Physics, also known as Einstein Year, in recognition of the 100th anniversary of Albert Einstein's "Miracle Year", in which he published four landmark papers, and the subsequent advances in the field of physics. History Physics has been the basis for understanding the physica...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plus%20construction
In mathematics, the plus construction is a method for simplifying the fundamental group of a space without changing its homology and cohomology groups. Explicitly, if is a based connected CW complex and is a perfect normal subgroup of then a map is called a +-construction relative to if induces an isomorphism o...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexapod
Hexapod may refer to: Things with six limbs, e.g. a hexapod chair would have six not the traditional four limbs Biology Hexapoda, a subphylum of arthropods including the insects Hexapodidae, a family of crabs Technology Hexapod (robotics), a mechanical vehicle that walks on six legs Stewart platform, a machine p...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acyl%20chloride
In organic chemistry, an acyl chloride (or acid chloride) is an organic compound with the functional group . Their formula is usually written , where R is a side chain. They are reactive derivatives of carboxylic acids (). A specific example of an acyl chloride is acetyl chloride, . Acyl chlorides are the most import...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table%20of%20standard%20reduction%20potentials%20for%20half-reactions%20important%20in%20biochemistry
The values below are standard apparent reduction potentials for electro-biochemical half-reactions measured at 25 °C, 1 atmosphere and a pH of 7 in aqueous solution. The actual physiological potential depends on the ratio of the reduced () and oxidized () forms according to the Nernst equation and the thermal voltage...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singularity%20theory
In mathematics, singularity theory studies spaces that are almost manifolds, but not quite. A string can serve as an example of a one-dimensional manifold, if one neglects its thickness. A singularity can be made by balling it up, dropping it on the floor, and flattening it. In some places the flat string will cross it...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MDH
MDH may refer to: Chemistry Malate dehydrogenase (S)-mandelate dehydrogenase Methanol dehydrogenase (cytochrome c) Methylenedioxyhydroxyamphetamine Health and medicine Manila Doctors Hospital, in Ermita, Manila, Philippines Mater Dei Hospital, in Msida, Malta Milton District Hospital, in Milton, Ontario, Canad...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Invertible%20sheaf
In mathematics, an invertible sheaf is a sheaf on a ringed space which has an inverse with respect to tensor product of sheaves of modules. It is the equivalent in algebraic geometry of the topological notion of a line bundle. Due to their interactions with Cartier divisors, they play a central role in the study of alg...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concurrent%20user
In computer science, the number of concurrent users (sometimes abbreviated CCU) for a resource in a location, with the location being a computing network or a single computer, refers to the total number of people simultaneously accessing or using the resource. The resource can, for example, be a computer program, a fil...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Directional%20selection
In population genetics, directional selection is a mode of negative natural selection in which an extreme phenotype is favored over other phenotypes, causing the allele frequency to shift over time in the direction of that phenotype. Under directional selection, the advantageous allele increases as a consequence of dif...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pushout%20%28category%20theory%29
In category theory, a branch of mathematics, a pushout (also called a fibered coproduct or fibered sum or cocartesian square or amalgamated sum) is the colimit of a diagram consisting of two morphisms f : Z → X and g : Z → Y with a common domain. The pushout consists of an object P along with two morphisms X → P and Y...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P5
P5 may refer to: In science and technology 311P/PANSTARRS, also known as P/2013 P5 (PANSTARRS), an asteroid discovered by the Pan-STARRS telescope on 27 August 2013 P5 Truss Segment, an element of the International Space Station Period 5 of the periodic table of elements Styx (moon), the fifth moon of the dwarf p...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev%20Pontryagin
Lev Semenovich Pontryagin (, also written Pontriagin or Pontrjagin) (3 September 1908 – 3 May 1988) was a Soviet mathematician. Completely blind from the age of 14, he made major discoveries in a number of fields of mathematics, including algebraic topology, differential topology and optimal control. Early life and ca...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyper
Hyper may refer to: Arts and entertainment Hyper (2016 film), 2016 Indian Telugu film Hyper (2018 film), 2018 Indian Kannada film Hyper (magazine), an Australian video game magazine Hyper (TV channel), a Filipino sports channel Hyper+, a former Polish programming block on Teletoon+ Mathematics Hypercube, the n-dimens...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Christopher%20Williams
George Christopher Williams (May 12, 1926 – September 8, 2010) was an American evolutionary biologist. Williams was a professor of biology at the State University of New York at Stony Brook who was best known for his vigorous critique of group selection. The work of Williams in this area, along with W. D. Hamilton, J...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rabi%20cycle
In physics, the Rabi cycle (or Rabi flop) is the cyclic behaviour of a two-level quantum system in the presence of an oscillatory driving field. A great variety of physical processes belonging to the areas of quantum computing, condensed matter, atomic and molecular physics, and nuclear and particle physics can be conv...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lefschetz%20fixed-point%20theorem
In mathematics, the Lefschetz fixed-point theorem is a formula that counts the fixed points of a continuous mapping from a compact topological space to itself by means of traces of the induced mappings on the homology groups of . It is named after Solomon Lefschetz, who first stated it in 1926. The counting is subje...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ISE
ISE may refer to: Organizations International Society of Electrochemistry, a global scientific society founded in 1949 Islamic Society of Engineers, principlist political organization of engineers in Iran Education Iceland School of Energy, a school jointly owned by Reykjavik Energy, Reykjavik University, and Icel...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl%20Ludwig%20Harding
Karl Ludwig Harding (29 September 1765 – 31 August 1834) was a German astronomer, who discovered Juno, the third asteroid of the main-belt in 1804. Life and career Harding was born in Lauenburg. From 1786–89, he was educated at the University of Göttingen, where he studied theology, mathematics, and physics. In 1796...
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drosophila%20embryogenesis
Drosophila embryogenesis, the process by which Drosophila (fruit fly) embryos form, is a favorite model system for genetics and developmental biology. The study of its embryogenesis unlocked the century-long puzzle of how development was controlled, creating the field of evolutionary developmental biology. The small si...