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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20England%20Biolabs | New England Biolabs (NEB) produces and supplies recombinant and native enzyme reagents for the life science research, as well as providing products and services supporting genome editing, synthetic biology and next-generation sequencing. NEB also provides free access to research tools such as REBASE, InBASE, and Polbase.
The company
The company was founded in 1974 by Donald "Don" Comb, a Harvard Medical School professor, as a cooperative laboratory of experienced scientists and initially produced restriction enzymes on a commercial scale. Comb held the CEO title until 2005 when, at 78 years old, he moved from management back into research at the firm.
NEB received approximately $1.7 million in Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) grants between 2009 and 2013 for this research.
NEB produces 230 recombinant and 30 native restriction enzymes for genomic research, as well as nicking enzymes and DNA methylases. It pursues research in areas related to proteomics, DNA Sequencing, and drug discovery. NEB scientists also conduct basic research in Molecular Biology and Parasitology.
The company has subsidiaries in Singapore, Canada, China, France, Germany, Japan, the U.K., and Australia, and distributors in South America, Australia, and other countries in Europe and Asia. Its headquarters are in Ipswich, MA. Development of the current headquarters began in 2000, and was completed in 2005. Donald Comb served as the company's Chairman and CEO from the company's founding in 197 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel%20Wilson%20%28Portsmouth%20MP%29 | Sir Samuel Wilson (7 February 1832 – 11 June 1895) was an Irish-born Australian pastoralist and politician, and later a British Member of Parliament.
Wilson was born in Ballycloughan, County Antrim, Ireland, in 1832. He was educated at Ballymena and at first intended taking up civil engineering. For three years he worked for a brother-in-law [Robert Chesney], a linen manufacturer, but in 1852 decided to emigrate to Australia. He arrived in Melbourne in May 1852 and worked on the goldfields, but a few months later decided to join two brothers who had preceded him to Australia, and had a pastoral property in the Wimmera. He was made manager of one of their holdings, and selling a small property he had in Ireland, with his brothers bought Longerenong station for £40,000. He dug waterholes and made dams on the property which much improved and increased its carrying capacity.
Yanko station in the Riverina was then purchased and much improved. In 1869 Wilson bought his brothers' interests in their stations, afterwards bought other stations in Victoria, New South Wales and Queensland, and became very wealthy. He was interested in the Acclimatization Society of Victoria and in 1873 wrote pamphlets on the angora goat, and on the ostrich. In 1878 a paper he had written was expanded into a volume, The Californian Salmon With an Account of its Introduction into Victoria, and published in the same year. In 1879 another edition of this was published in London under the title, Salmon at t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moscow%20Mathematical%20Society | The Moscow Mathematical Society (MMS) is a society of Moscow mathematicians aimed at the development of mathematics in Russia. It was created in 1864, and Victor Vassiliev is the current president.
History
The first meeting of the society was . Nikolai Brashman was the first president of MMO.
The Moscow Mathematical Society was first created in 1810 by extended members of the Muraviev family, but it closed down the year after. In the early 1860s, Nikolai Brashman and August Davidov relaunched the Moscow Mathematical Society at the Moscow University and organized its first meeting on 15 September 1864. The stated goal was «mutual cooperation in the study of the mathematical sciences».
Nikolai Brashman was president, and August Davidov vice-president. 14 members joined the Society, with Pafnuty Chebyshev among them. Each member was in charge of a research project, and the bunch met monthly to share and progress on their projects. The outcome was so valuable that the Society decided in April 1865 to publish its works. The first edition of the journal Matematicheskii Sbornik edited by the Society was released in October 1866.
By 1913, the Moscow Mathematical Society had 112 members. The publication of the Matematicheskii Sbornik ceased from 1919 to 1924.
Former presidents
Nikolai Brashman (1864–1866)
August Davidov (1866–1886)
Vasily Jakovlevich Zinger (1886–1891)
Nikolai Bugaev (1891–1903)
Pavel Alekseevich Nekrasov (1903–1905)
Nikolai Zhukovsky (1905–1921)
Boles |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute%20of%20Radio-engineering%20and%20Electronics | Institute of Radio-engineering and Electronics () by the Russian Academy of Science is an institute in Moscow, that conducts fundamental research in fields of radiophysics, radiotechnics, physical and quantum electronics, informatics. It was established in 1953 as an institute of the USSR Academy of Sciences, and expanded in 1955 to include sites in Fryazino, Saratov and Ulyanovsk. Since 1954, for a long time its director was the famous Soviet scientist Vladimir Kotelnikov. the director is Yuri Gulyaev.
In 1957 by a decision of the Central Committee of the CPSU and the Council of Ministers the institute was assigned a task of establishing stations, that would receive signals of Sputnik 1. There were very few professional stations in the USSR at the time, and the institute cooperated with radio amateurs throughout the country and provided necessary equipment to 30 selected large DOSAAF amateur radio clubs from the Baltic Sea to the Pacific Ocean.
The institute lead scientific works on the creation of the planetary radar and on the radiolocational exploration of other planets. One of the main results was creation of the first ever radar map of the Northern Hemisphere of Venus in 1984, using results of Venera 15 and Venera 16 missions.
In 1969 the institute was awarded the Order of the Red Banner of Labour.
References
External links
Institute of Radio Engineering. Official website
branch in Fryazino
branch in Saratov
branch in Ulyanovsk
1953 establishments in the Soviet |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lists%20of%20physics%20equations | In physics, there are equations in every field to relate physical quantities to each other and perform calculations. Entire handbooks of equations can only summarize most of the full subject, else are highly specialized within a certain field. Physics is derived of formulae only.
General scope
Variables commonly used in physics
Continuity equation
Constitutive equation
Specific scope
Defining equation (physical chemistry)
List of equations in classical mechanics
Table of thermodynamic equations
List of equations in wave theory
List of relativistic equations
List of equations in fluid mechanics
List of electromagnetism equations
List of equations in gravitation
List of photonics equations
List of equations in quantum mechanics
List of equations in nuclear and particle physics
See also
List of equations
Operator (physics)
Laws of science
Units and nomenclature
Physical constant
Physical quantity
SI units
SI derived unit
SI electromagnetism units
List of common physics notations |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eliot%20Slater | Eliot Trevor Oakeshott Slater MD (28 August 1904 – 15 May 1983) was a British psychiatrist who was a pioneer in the field of the genetics of mental disorders. He held senior posts at the National Hospital for Nervous Diseases, Queen Square, London, and the Institute of Psychiatry at the Maudsley Hospital. He was the author of some 150 scientific papers and the co-author of several books on psychiatric topics, notably on disputed 'physical methods'. From the mid-50s to his death, he co-edited Clinical Psychiatry, the leading textbook for psychiatric trainees.
Early life and medical education
Eliot Slater was born in Plumstead, London, on 28 August 1904. His father was Gilbert Slater, an economic historian who became Professor of Indian Economics at the University of Madras and later principal of Ruskin College, Oxford. His mother, Violet Oakeshott, a Quaker and pacifist, was instrumental in sending him to Leighton Park School, Reading, from where he won an exhibition to St John's College, Cambridge, to study natural sciences, in which he gained a third class degree. He went on to St George's Hospital, London, and qualified as a doctor in 1928. In 1931 he was appointed medical officer at the Maudsley Hospital, London, where he was encouraged by his chiefs Aubrey Lewis and Edward Mapother to apply statistical methods to the empirical study of mental illness.
Germany 1934-5 and 1937/39; the Second World War
In 1934 Slater was awarded a Rockefeller Foundation travelling fel |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lars%20Ernster | Lars Ernster (; 4 May 1920 – 4 November 1998) was a professor of biochemistry, and a member of the Board of the Nobel Foundation.
Biography
Lars Ernster was born in Hungary and came to Sweden in 1946. He played a prominent role in the scientific community. He took his PhD degree at the Stockholm University in 1956. Until 1967 he was the head of the division for Physiological Chemistry at the Wenner-Gren Institute (Axel Wenner-Gren). From 1967 to 1986 he was a professor of biochemistry. He was a member of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences from 1974. He was elected a foreign member of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences in 1987.
"The burning interest in science, the desire to get to the truth of the matter, the intense but courteous questioning and, above all, his charming and warm smile" as seen by a friend, colleague, fellow-European and competitor Edward Slater. In Mitochondria and Microsomes (C.P. Lee, G. Schatz and G. Dallner, eds.) Addison-Wesley Publishing Co., Reading, MA 1981
Books
Chemistry and physiology of mitochondria and microsomes, Olov Lindberg, Lars Ernster - Springer (1954)
Protoplasmatologia. Bd. 3. Cytoplasma - Organellen A. Chondriosomen, Mikrosomen, Sphaerosomen.?4. Lindburg, Olov, and Lars Ernster: Chemistry and physiology of mitochondria and microsomes - Springer (1953)
Nobel Foundation
Lars Ernster was a member of the Board of the Nobel Foundation 1977–1988.
1978 Presentation Speech by Professor Lars Ernster of the Royal |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carla%20J.%20Shatz | Carla J. Shatz (born 1947) is an American neurobiologist and an elected member of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, the American Philosophical Society, the National Academy of Sciences, and the National Academy of Medicine.
She was the first woman to receive a PhD in neurobiology from Harvard. Shatz received a tenured position in the basic sciences at Stanford Medical School and later returned to Harvard to head the university's Department of Neurobiology. In both cases, Shatz was the first woman hired for the position.
Career
Shatz graduated from Radcliffe College in 1969 with a BA in chemistry. She received an MPhil in Physiology from the University College London in 1971 on a Marshall Scholarship. In 1976, she received a PhD in neurobiology from Harvard Medical School, where she studied with the Nobel laureates David Hubel and Torsten Wiesel. From 1976 to 1978 she obtained postdoctoral training with Pasko Rakic in the department of neuroscience, Harvard Medical School.
In 1978, Shatz moved to Stanford University, where she began her studies of the development of the mammalian visual system in the department of Neurobiology. She became professor of neurobiology in 1989. In 1992, she moved her laboratory to the department of molecular and cell biology at the University of California, Berkeley, where she became a Howard Hughes Medical Institute investigator in 1994. During 1994–1995, she was president of the Society for Neuroscience and served on the Council of th |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yogesh%20Chander%20Deveshwar | Yogesh Chander Deveshwar (4 February 1947 – 11 May 2019) was an Indian businessman. He was the chairman of ITC Limited. He was the longest-serving CEO of any Indian company.
Early life
Yogesh Chander Deveshwar was born on 4 February 1947 in Lahore, British India. He received a bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi in 1968. He later attended the six-week Advanced Management Program at Harvard Business School.
Career
Deveshwar joined ITC Limited in 1968. He was appointed a main board director in 1984 and became the CEO and chairman in January 1996. Deveshwar was due to step down as head of ITC in 2010.
He was a director on the central board of the Reserve Bank of India, a member of the National Foundation for Corporate Governance, and a member of the governing body of the National Council of Applied Economic Research.
Deveshwar was India's longest-serving CEO at the time of his death, and earned nearly triple the second-highest salary in his company. In 2011, it was reported that his salary was 26 lakh (2.6 million) rupees per month. In 2013, he was listed as the best performing CEO in India by Harvard Business Review and seventh in the world. He served as the president of the Confederation of Indian Industry in 2005-06. In 2011, Deveshwar received the Padma Bhushan, India's third-highest civilian award.
Death
Deveshwar died on 11 May 2019, and although the immediate cause of death was not announced, it was known that |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Robinson%20%28computer%20scientist%29 | Peter Robinson (born 1952) is Professor of Computer Technology at the University of Cambridge Computer Laboratory in England, where he works in the Rainbow Group on computer graphics and interaction. He is also a Fellow of Gonville and Caius College and lives in Cambridge.
Education
Robinson graduated with a Bachelor of Arts degree in Mathematics from the University of Cambridge in 1974 and continued with a year of post-graduate study in Mathematics before joining the Computer Laboratory, where he was sponsored by the BBC to work on Graphic Design with Computers under Neil Wiseman and graduated PhD in 1979.
Research
Robinson worked on computer-aided design systems for integrated circuits in the 1980s, undertaking the physical design of the video processor for early BBC computers as a case study.
He continued with work on self-timed (asynchronous) circuits
and his students Paul Cunningham and Steev Wilcox started Azuro to exploit the ideas in designing low power integrated circuits.
The Rank Xerox Research Centre in Cambridge sponsored several of Robinson's research students in the 1990s to work on video cameras and projection as part of the user interface including Pierre Wellner's DigitalDesk, an early tabletop display featuring tangible interaction and augmented reality
and Quentin Stafford-Fraser's work leading to the webcam.
Further work investigated augmenting paper documents
and high-resolution interactive tabletop displays
leading to the commercial nuVa system dev |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Culicover | Peter W. Culicover is Professor of Linguistics at Ohio State University. He works in the areas of syntactic theory (particularly on the syntax of English), language learnability and computational modelling of language acquisition and language change.
Education
Culicover attended the City College of New York and graduated with a BA in mathematics in 1966. He earned his PhD from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1971 under Noam Chomsky with a thesis titled Syntactic and semantic investigations.
Career
He worked at Ohio State for the duration of his career, serving as the Chair of the Department of Linguistics, Director of the Center for Cognitive Science, and Associate Provost. He is now the Distinguished University Professor Emeritus of Linguistics.
Awards
Culicover is a winner of Humboldt Prize and the Distinguished Scholar Award of Ohio State University.
Selected works
English Focus Constructions and the Theory of Grammar (with Michael S. Rochemont; Cambridge University Press, 1990)
Principles and Parameters: An Introduction to Syntactic Theory (Oxford University Press, 1997)
Syntactic Nuts: Hard Cases in Syntax (Oxford University Press, 1999)
Dynamical Grammar (Oxford University Press, 2003)
(with Ray Jackendoff) Simpler Syntax (Oxford University Press, 2005)
References
Linguists from the United States
Living people
Ohio State University faculty
Syntacticians
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Year of birth missing (living people)
Fellows |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Hurlbut | William Hurlbut may refer to:
William H. Hurlbut (1837–after 1900), American State Assemblyman in Wisconsin
William J. Hurlbut (1878 or 1883–1957), American artist, playwright and screenwriter including for Bride of Frankenstein
William B. Hurlbut (born 1945), American professor at Stanford's Neuroscience Institute |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20A.%20Romberg | Thomas "Tom" Albert Romberg (born 1932, Burlington, Colorado) was Professor Emeritus of Curriculum and Instruction (mathematics education) at the School of Education, University of Wisconsin–Madison, and former director of the National Center for Improving Student Learning and Achievement in Mathematics and Science, Wisconsin Center for Education Research.
Romberg had a long history of leadership in mathematics curriculum reform. He received his B.S. in mathematics and M.S. in secondary education from the University of Nebraska Omaha. In 1968, he received his Ph.D. in mathematics education from Stanford University.
Romberg joined the faculty at the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1966. Over the next forty years he became an internationally recognized leader of mathematics education in the U.S. As a researcher, he published 30 books and over 300 research papers. As a professional leader in mathematics education he is best known for two major accomplishments. He was the chair of the "Commission on Standards for School Mathematics" for the National Council of Teachers of Mathematics NCTM that led to the now flourishing standards-based movement in education. Second, from 1987 to 2002, he was Director of the National Center for Research in Mathematical Sciences Education for the U.S. Department of Education. This was the first such national research center devoted to the teaching and learning of mathematics, and became a widely respected research facility. In this role Tom se |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northwestern%20Health%20Sciences%20University | Northwestern Health Sciences University (NWHSU) is a private university focused on alternative health care and located in Bloomington, Minnesota. The university has educational programs in chiropractic, Traditional Chinese medicine, acupuncture, therapeutic massage, Allied health professions, and human biology. The university was founded in 1941 by John B. Wolfe, DC.
Previously Northwestern College of Chiropractic, Northwestern Health Sciences University has focused on alternative and integrative health care education, patient care, and research for over 70 years. Since 1991, NWHSU's Wolfe-Harris Center for Clinical Studies has become one of the largest natural health care research institutions in the United States.
Organization
Northwestern Health Sciences University is a private institution, receiving most of its funding through tuition, research grants, and alumni contributions. It offers 11 academic programs: Acupuncture and Chinese Medicine, Chiropractic, Message Therapy, Medical Assisting, Medical Laboratory Science, Medical Laboratory Technology, Nutrition, Post Baccalaureate Pre-Health, Radiation Therapy, Radiologic Technology, and Undergraduate Health Sciences. Northwestern is accredited by the Higher Learning Commission.
Founded in 1941, the College of Chiropractic offers a doctor of chiropractic degree. The college has created a clinical system, with several natural care centers, more than 150 community-based private-practice clinics, and final-term preceptors |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute%20of%20Divine%20Metaphysical%20Research | The Institute of Divine Metaphysical Research (IDMR) is an organization founded in 1931 by Henry Clifford Kinley, author of Elohim the Archetype (Original) Pattern of the Universe.
References
The Tennessean, July 14,2001: "Metaphysics group teaches knowledge vs. dogma"
The Topeka Capital-Journal, June 22, 2001, "Searching for understanding"
Online Article: The Augusta Chronicle, July 22, 2000, "Metaphysical means"
Los Angeles Times, March 12, 1994: "Conference Calmly Prepares for the End of World-by 1996 Doomsday: Members of Institute of Divine Metaphysical Research expect the earth to `rest.' But they feel relief rather than fear."
New York Times, February 15, 2004, article on basketball player Otis Birdsong mentions his affiliation with the group: "For Birdsong, High School Was the Peak"
External links
IDMR Official Website
Preface to the Holy Name Bible used by IDMR members
Evangelize America Ministries article on IDMR
Sacred Name Movement in America
Christian organizations established in 1931
Sacred Name Movement |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MIT%20Electrical%20Engineering%20and%20Computer%20Science%20Department | The MIT Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department is an engineering department of the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge, Massachusetts. It is regarded as one of the most prestigious in the world, and offers degrees of Master of Science, Master of Engineering, Doctor of Philosophy, and Doctor of Science.
History
The curriculum for the electrical engineering program was created in 1882, and was the first such program in the country. It was initially taught by the physics faculty. In 1902, the Institute set up a separate Electrical Engineering department. The department was renamed to Electrical Engineering and Computer Science in 1975, to highlight the new addition of computer science to the program.
Academics
Current faculty
Professors
Silvio Micali
Harold Abelson
Anant Agarwal
Akintunde I. Akinwande
Dimitri A. Antoniadis
Arvind
Arthur B. Baggeroer
Hari Balakrishnan
Dimitri P. Bertsekas
Robert C. Berwick
Duane S. Boning
Louis D. Braida
Rodney A. Brooks
Vincent W. S. Chan
Anantha P. Chandrakasan
Paul E. Gray (S.B. 1954, S.M. 1955, Ph.D. 1960)
Marvin Minsky
Pablo A. Parrilo
L. Rafael Reif
Jerome H. Saltzer (Sc.D. 1966)
Kenneth N. Stevens (Sc.D. 1952)
Gerald J. Sussman (S.B. 1968, Ph.D. 1973, both in Mathematics)
Patrick H. Winston
Regina Barzilay (website)
Associate professors
Saman P. Amarasinghe
Krste Asanovic
Marc Baldo
Sangeeta Bhatia
Vladimir Bulovic
Isaac L. Chuang
Michael Collins
Karl K. Berggren
Elfar A |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M.%20Anthony%20Lewis | M. Anthony Lewis is an American robotics researcher and currently serves as the Vice President of Hewlett-Packard and the head of Hewlett-Packard's Compute Lab for disruptive edge technologies. Formerly, he served as the Head of was the former Senior Director of Technology at Qualcomm Technologies and was the creator of Zeroth neural processing unit and its software API. He is past CEO of Iguana Robotics, a company specializing in the development of biomorphic robotics technologies.
Lewis received his Ph.D. at the University of Southern California under the guidance of Michael Arbib and George Bekey. He has served on the faculty of the University of California, Los Angeles and the University of Illinois and is currently on the faculty of the University of Arizona.
He is known for his work in evolutionary and biomorphic robotics, formation control of robotic systems, and investigations into the basis of movement control in humans and robots. He collaborated on a project to help paralyzed people, using studies of an eel's nerve circuitry.
In recent work, Lewis and colleagues have demonstrated a robot that claimed to be the most biologically accurate model of human locomotion to date. This robotic uses a muscle architecture much like a human being, a simplified neural circuit meant to mimic neurons in the spinal cord, and sensory feedback mimicking the primary sensory pathways found in human.
References
External links
M. Anthony Lewis' page at the University of Arizona
A |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore%20Gray | Theodore W. "Theo" Gray is a co-founder of Wolfram Research, science author, and co-founder of app developer Touch Press.
Education
Theodore Gray was educated at the University of Illinois Laboratory High School. He would later graduate with a B.S. in chemistry from University of Illinois at Urbana–Champaign in 1986.
Career
In 1987, Gray left a PhD program in theoretical chemistry at the University of California at Berkeley to work with Stephen Wolfram. In that same year, he co-founded Wolfram Research. His initial work for the company involved creating the influential notebook user interface for Mathematica. Gray would eventually leave Wolfram Research to become a writer and publisher full-time.
After amassing thousands of samples of elements, he assembled them into a four-legged physical table representing the periodic table. The finished table was awarded the 2011 ACS Grady Stack Award for Interpreting Chemistry for the Public, as well as the 2002 Ig Nobel Award for Chemistry. Gray's love of the periodic table would lead him to team up with photographer Nick Mann in creating The Elements: A Visual Exploration of Every Known Atom in the Universe and Elements Vault.
For many years, Gray wrote a regular column for Popular Science entitled "Gray Matter". The column was a finalist for a National Magazine Award for Best Column in 2010. In 2009, a collection of articles by Gray was published under the title Mad Science: Experiments You Can Do at Home—But Probably Shouldn |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dvoretzky%27s%20theorem | In mathematics, Dvoretzky's theorem is an important structural theorem about normed vector spaces proved by Aryeh Dvoretzky in the early 1960s, answering a question of Alexander Grothendieck. In essence, it says that every sufficiently high-dimensional normed vector space will have low-dimensional subspaces that are approximately Euclidean. Equivalently, every high-dimensional bounded symmetric convex set has low-dimensional sections that are approximately ellipsoids.
A new proof found by Vitali Milman in the 1970s was one of the starting points for the development of asymptotic geometric analysis (also called asymptotic functional analysis or the local theory of Banach spaces).
Original formulations
For every natural number k ∈ N and every ε > 0 there exists a natural number N(k, ε) ∈ N such that if (X, ‖·‖) is any normed space of dimension N(k, ε), there exists a subspace E ⊂ X of dimension k and a positive definite quadratic form Q on E such that the corresponding Euclidean norm
on E satisfies:
In terms of the multiplicative Banach-Mazur distance d the theorem's conclusion can be formulated as:
where denotes the standard k-dimensional Euclidean space.
Since the unit ball of every normed vector space is a bounded, symmetric, convex set and the unit ball of every Euclidean space is an ellipsoid, the theorem may also be formulated as a statement about ellipsoid sections of convex sets.
Further developments
In 1971, Vitali Milman gave a new proof of Dvoretzky's theore |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naum%20Akhiezer | Naum Ilyich Akhiezer (; ; 6 March 1901 – 3 June 1980) was a Soviet and Ukrainian mathematician of Jewish origin, known for his works in approximation theory and the theory of differential and integral operators. He is also known as the author of classical books on various subjects in analysis, and for his work on the history of mathematics. He is the brother of the theoretical physicist Aleksandr Akhiezer.
Biography
Naum Akhiezer was born in Cherykaw (now in Belarus). He studied in the Kyiv Institute of Public Education (now Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv). In 1928, he defended his PhD thesis "Aerodynamical Investigations" under the supervision of Dmitry Grave. From 1928 to 1933, he worked at the Kyiv University and at the Kyiv Aviation Institute.
In 1933, Naum Akhiezer moved to Kharkiv. From 1933 to his death, except for the years of war and evacuation, he was a professor at Kharkov University and at other institutes in Kharkiv. From 1935 to 1940 and from 1947 to 1950 he was director of the Kharkov Institute of Mathematics and Mechanics. For many years he headed the Kharkov Mathematical Society.
Work
Akhiezer obtained important results in approximation theory (in particular, on extremal problems, constructive function theory, and the problem of moments), where he masterly applied the methods of the geometric theory of functions of a complex variable (especially, conformal mappings and the theory of Riemann surfaces) and of functional analysis. He found the f |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Burns%20%28entomologist%29 | John Burns is an entomologist, curator of Lepidoptera and professor at Department of Entomology, Smithsonian Institution.
Academic background
Burns has completed his BS at Johns Hopkins University & MS, PhD at University of California, Berkeley.
Fields of study
Burns is an expert in Lepidoptera (skipper butterflies), evolutionary biology and poetry. He has discovered a new species of skipper butterflies and named it as Pseudodrephalys sohni found at Brazil.
Publications
Some of his notable publications are as follows:
DNA barcodes distinguish species of tropical Lepidoptera 2006
Pan-neotropical genus Venada (Hesperiidae: Pyrginae) is not monotypic: Four new species occur on one volcano in the Area de Conservacion Guanacaste 2005
What's in a name? Lepidoptera: Hesperiidae: Pyrginae: Telemiades Hubner 1819: new combinations Telemiades corbulo (Stoll) and Telemiades oiclus (Mabille) 2005
Wedding biodiversity inventory of a large and complex Lepidoptera fauna with DNA barcoding 2005
Ten species in one: DNA barcoding reveals cryptic species in the neotropical skipper butterfly Astraptes fulgerator 2004
Pseydodrephalys: A New Genus Comprising Three Showy, Neotropical Species 1998
References
http://entomology.si.edu/StaffPages/BurnsJ.htm
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Johns Hopkins University alumni
University of California, Berkeley alumni
American curators
Smithsonian Institution people
Date of birth missing (living people)
21st-century American zo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Technetium%20%2899mTc%29%20arcitumomab | {{DISPLAYTITLE:Technetium (99mTc) arcitumomab}}
Technetium (99mTc) arcitumomab is a drug used for the diagnostic imaging of colorectal cancers, marketed by Immunomedics. It consists of the Fab' fragment of a monoclonal antibody (arcitumomab, trade name CEA-Scan) and a radionuclide, technetium-99m.
Chemistry
Technetium (99mTc) arcitumomab is an immunoconjugate. Arcitumomab is a Fab' fragment of IMMU-4, a murine IgG1 monoclonal antibody extracted from the ascites of mice. The enzyme pepsin cleaves the F(ab')2 fragment off the antibody. From this, the Fab' fragment is prepared by mild reduction.
Before application, arcitumomab is reconstituted with a solution of the radioactive agent sodium pertechnetate (99mTc) from a technetium generator.
Mechanism of action
Arcitumomab recognizes carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), an antigen over-expressed in 95% of colorectal cancers. Consequently, the antibody accumulates in such tumours together with the radioisotope, which emits photons. Via single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT), high-resolution images showing localisation, remission or progression, and metastases of the tumour can be obtained.
Contraindications
Technetium (99mTc) arcitumomab is contraindicated for patients with known allergies or hypersensitivity to mouse proteins, as well as during pregnancy. Women should pause breast feeding for 24 hours after application of the drug.
Adverse effects and overdose
Only mild and transient side effects have been observed, |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal%20of%20Applied%20Physics | The Journal of Applied Physics is a peer-reviewed scientific journal with a focus on the physics of modern technology. The journal was originally established in 1931 under the name of Physics, and was published by the American Physical Society for its first 7 volumes. In January 1937, ownership was transferred to the American Institute of Physics "in line with the efforts of the American Physical Society to enhance the standing of physics as a profession". The journal's current editor-in-chief is André Anders (Leibniz Institute of Surface Engineering). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2022 impact factor of 3.2.
References
External links
Physics journals
Weekly journals
Academic journals established in 1931
English-language journals
American Institute of Physics academic journals
Hybrid open access journals |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Young%E2%80%93Laplace%20equation | In physics, the Young–Laplace equation () is an algebraic equation that describes the capillary pressure difference sustained across the interface between two static fluids, such as water and air, due to the phenomenon of surface tension or wall tension, although use of the latter is only applicable if assuming that the wall is very thin. The Young–Laplace equation relates the pressure difference to the shape of the surface or wall and it is fundamentally important in the study of static capillary surfaces. It's a statement of normal stress balance for static fluids meeting at an interface, where the interface is treated as a surface (zero thickness):
where is the Laplace pressure, the pressure difference across the fluid interface (the exterior pressure minus the interior pressure), is the surface tension (or wall tension), is the unit normal pointing out of the surface, is the mean curvature, and and are the principal radii of curvature. Note that only normal stress is considered, this is because it has been shown that a static interface is possible only in the absence of tangential stress.
The equation is named after Thomas Young, who developed the qualitative theory of surface tension in 1805, and Pierre-Simon Laplace who completed the mathematical description in the following year. It is sometimes also called the Young–Laplace–Gauss equation, as Carl Friedrich Gauss unified the work of Young and Laplace in 1830, deriving both the differential equation and boundar |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W.%20Wallace%20Cleland | William Wallace Cleland (January 6, 1930 – March 6, 2013, often cited as W. W. Cleland, and known almost universally as "Mo Cleland", was a University of Wisconsin-Madison biochemistry professor. His research was concerned with enzyme reaction mechanism and enzyme kinetics, especially multiple-substrate enzymes. He was elected to the National Academy of Sciences in 1985.
Life and education
Cleland was born in 1930 in Baltimore, Maryland. He received his A.B. from Oberlin College in 1950 and his M.S. and Ph.D. from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1953 and 1955, respectively. He was an avid stamp collector and was awarded the Lifetime Achievement Award in Philately by the Smithsonian Institution in 2008. Cleland died on March 6, 2013, after falling on ice.
Career
After carrying out postdoctoral research at the University of Chicago he returned to University of Wisconsin–Madison, where he became assistant professor in 1959. In 1962 he was promoted to associate professor and then professor in 1966. He became J. Johnson Professor of Biochemistry in 1978, and Steenbock Professor of Chemical Science in 1982.
Kresge, Simoni and Hill have presented a general appreciation of Cleland's life and career.
Scientific contributions
Papers
Cleland's research focused on the use of enzyme kinetics to deduce enzyme mechanisms, especially those involved in phospho and acyl transfers. He pioneered the kinetic and mechanistic study of enzymes with more than one substrate, and he was pr |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JOPA | JOPA may refer to:
Journal of Physics A, a scientific journal published by the Institute of Physics
"JoPa", nickname of Joe Paterno, college football coach
Junior Officer Protective (or Protection) Association, an informal organization of lower ranking US Navy officers - see for example Second VA-65 (U.S. Navy)#Desert Storm |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electronics%20Letters | Electronics Letters is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published biweekly by the Institution of Engineering and Technology. It specializes in the rapid publication of short communications on all areas of electronic engineering, including optical, communication, and biomedical engineering, as well as electronic circuits and signal processing.
In 2010 Electronics Letters was relaunched with a new section at the start of each issue. This section focuses on selected papers within the issue, providing expanded context and background to the research reported, through magazine-style news articles and interviews with the researchers behind the work. The articles are designed to be accessible to a general engineering audience and were made available free of charge, without a subscription, from the journal's website.
In 2013 a hybrid open-access model was introduced providing authors whose papers have been accepted for publication with an open access publication option.
History
In 1965, the British engineer and professor Peter Clarricoats, along with the association of Institution of Electrical Engineers, pioneered a peer-reviewed platform out of the necessity to quickly disseminate the latest researches in the field of electrical and electronic engineering. He became the first editor-in-chief of Electronics Letters. At present, professor Ian H. White, Head of Photonics Research at the University of Cambridge and professor Chris Toumazou of Imperial College London are the editors |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal%20of%20Physics%20B | The Journal of Physics B: Atomic, Molecular and Optical Physics is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by IOP Publishing. It was established in 1968 from the division of the earlier title, Proceedings of the Physical Society. In 2006, the Journal of Optics B: Quantum and Semiclassical Optics was merged with the Journal of Physics B. The editor-in-chief is Marc Vrakking (Max Born Institute for Nonlinear Optics and Short Pulse Spectroscopy).
Scope
The journal covers research on atomic, molecular, and optical physics. Topics include atomic and molecular structure, spectra and collisions, ultracold matter, quantum optics and non linear optics, quantum information, laser physics, intense laser fields, ultrafast and x-ray physics and atomic and molecular physics in plasmas.
The journal publishes research papers, fast track communications, topical reviews, tutorials, and invited articles. It occasionally publishes special issues on developing research fields.
Abstracting and indexing
The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
See also
Journal of Physics
References
External links
Journal of Optics B: Quantum and Semiclassical Optics website
IOP Publishing academic journals
Physics journals
Academic journals established in 1968
Biweekly journals
English-language journals
Hybrid open access journals |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal%20of%20Physics%20A | The Journal of Physics A: Mathematical and Theoretical is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by IOP Publishing, the publishing branch of the Institute of Physics. It is part of the Journal of Physics series and covers theoretical physics focusing on sophisticated mathematical and computational techniques.
The journal is divided into six sections covering: statistical physics; chaotic and complex systems; mathematical physics; quantum mechanics and quantum information theory; classical and quantum field theory; fluid and plasma theory.
The editor in chief is Joseph A Minahan (Uppsala Universitet, Sweden). According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 2.132.
History
Journal of Physics A was established in 1968 as one of the subdivisions of the earlier title, Proceedings of the Physical Society, established in 1874, the flagship journal of the Physical Society of London. The Physical Society later became the Institute of Physics, the current publisher of the journal. Its papers began being made available electronically in 1991; by 2002, its entire back archive had been digitised, as the first step in a larger project to digitise all of the Institute's publishing archives.
Indexing
The journal is indexed in:
Scopus
Inspec
Chemical Abstracts
GeoRef
INIS Atomindex
Astrophysics Data System
PASCAL
Referativny Zhurnal
Zentralblatt MATH
Science Citation Index and SciSearch
Current Contents/Physical, Chemical and Earth Scien |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ESAIM%3A%20Control%2C%20Optimisation%20and%20Calculus%20of%20Variations | ESAIM: Control, Optimisation and Calculus of Variations is a scientific journal in the field of applied mathematics.
External links
Mathematics journals
EDP Sciences academic journals |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generalized%20assignment%20problem | In applied mathematics, the maximum generalized assignment problem is a problem in combinatorial optimization. This problem is a generalization of the assignment problem in which both tasks and agents have a size. Moreover, the size of each task might vary from one agent to the other.
This problem in its most general form is as follows: There are a number of agents and a number of tasks. Any agent can be assigned to perform any task, incurring some cost and profit that may vary depending on the agent-task assignment. Moreover, each agent has a budget and the sum of the costs of tasks assigned to it cannot exceed this budget. It is required to find an assignment in which all agents do not exceed their budget and total profit of the assignment is maximized.
In special cases
In the special case in which all the agents' budgets and all tasks' costs are equal to 1, this problem reduces to the assignment problem. When the costs and profits of all tasks do not vary between different agents, this problem reduces to the multiple knapsack problem. If there is a single agent, then, this problem reduces to the knapsack problem.
Explanation of definition
In the following, we have n kinds of items, through and m kinds of bins through . Each bin is associated with a budget . For a bin , each item has a profit and a weight . A solution is an assignment from items to bins. A feasible solution is a solution in which for each bin the total weight of assigned items is at most . The s |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cognitive%20philology | Cognitive philology is the science that studies written and oral texts as the product of human mental processes. Studies in cognitive philology compare documentary evidence emerging from textual investigations with results of experimental research, especially in the fields of cognitive and ecological psychology, neurosciences and artificial intelligence. "The point is not the text, but the mind that made it". Cognitive Philology aims to foster communication between literary, textual, philological disciplines on the one hand and researches across the whole range of the cognitive, evolutionary, ecological and human sciences on the other.
Cognitive philology:
investigates transmission of oral and written text, and categorization processes which lead to classification of knowledge, mostly relying on the information theory;
studies how narratives emerge in so called natural conversation and selective process which lead to the rise of literary standards for storytelling, mostly relying on embodied semantics;
explores the evolutive and evolutionary role played by rhythm and metre in human ontogenetic and phylogenetic development and the pertinence of the semantic association during processing of cognitive maps;
Provides the scientific ground for multimedia critical editions of literary texts.
Among the founding thinkers and noteworthy scholars devoted to such investigations are:
Alan Richardson: Studies Theory of Mind in early-modern and contemporary literature.
Anatole |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isagani%20R.%20Cruz | Isagani R. Cruz (born 1945) is a Filipino writer and literary critic.
Education
Cruz earned his undergraduate degree from the University of the Philippines Diliman, where he completed a Bachelor of Science in Physics in 1965. He later enrolled at the Ateneo de Manila University to earn an M.A. in English Literature in 1970. He also earned a Ph.D. in English Literature from the University of Maryland in 1976. In 1972 and 2003, Cruz received a Fulbright grant that allowed him to study in the United States.
Career
As a writer, Cruz has received recognition for his contributions to Philippine literature, including more than thirty books. He is a Don Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature multi-awardee. As a result, he became a member of the Palanca Hall of Fame in 2004 in recognition of his Palanca-winning plays, essays, and short stories in Filipino and English. Cruz also won the SEAWRITE Award in 1991, the Centennial Literary Contest Award in 1998, and the Gawad Balagtas Award in 1999.
Cruz represented the Philippines in several international conferences in Canada, Hong Kong, South Korea, Malaysia, Indonesia and Japan. His scholastic articles have been published in the Philippines and in the United States. In the Philippines, he served as editor for the publications Loyola Studies, Palabas, Interlock, and Malay. Cruz has also been a regular contributor for Philippine periodicals including the Times Journal, the Philippine Daily Inquirer, the TV Times, Modern Romances |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marc%20Breedlove | Stephen Marc Breedlove (born 1954) is the Barnett Rosenberg professor of Neuroscience at Michigan State University in East Lansing, Michigan. He was born and raised in the Ozarks of southwestern Missouri. After graduating from Central High School (Springfield, Missouri) in 1972, he earned a bachelor's degree in Psychology from Yale University in 1976, and a Ph.D. in psychology from UCLA in 1982. He was a professor of psychology at the University of California, Berkeley from 1982 to 2003, moving to Michigan State in 2001. He works in the fields of Behavioral Neuroscience and Neuroendocrinology. He is a member of the Society for Neuroscience and the Society for Behavioral Neuroendocrinology, and a fellow of the Association for Psychological Science (APS) and the Biological Sciences section of the American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS).
Research
In numerous papers, Breedlove has demonstrated that steroid hormones and sexual behavior affect the developing and adult spinal cord and brain. He also reported that the average digit ratio of lesbians is more masculine than that of straight women, a finding that has been replicated in his and many other labs and which indicates that lesbians, on average, are exposed to more prenatal testosterone than are straight women. This finding joins many others that biological influences, such as prenatal testosterone and fraternal birth order, act before birth to affect the later unfolding of human sexual orientation, which |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Egon%20Bretscher | Egon Bretscher (23 May 1901 – 16 April 1973) was a Swiss-born British chemist and nuclear physicist and Head of the Nuclear Physics Division from 1948 to 1966 at the Atomic Energy Research Establishment, also known as Harwell Laboratory, in Harwell, United Kingdom. He was one of the pioneers in nuclear fission research and one of the first to foresee that plutonium could be used as an energy source. His work on nuclear physics led to his involvement in the British atomic bomb research project Tube Alloys and his membership of the British Mission to the Manhattan Project at Los Alamos, where he worked in Enrico Fermi's Advanced Development Division in the F-3 Super Experimentation group. His contributions up to 1945 are discussed by Margaret Gowing in her "Britain and Atomic Energy, 1935-1945."
Early life
Born in Zurich, Switzerland and educated at the Eidgenössische Technische Hochschule (ETH) there, Bretscher gained a PhD degree in organic chemistry at Edinburgh in 1926. He returned to Zurich as privat docent to Peter Debye, later moving in 1936 to work in Rutherford’s laboratory at the Cavendish in Cambridge as a Rockefeller Scholar. Here he switched to research in nuclear physics, proposing (with Norman Feather) in 1940 that the 239 isotope of element 94 could be produced from the common isotope of uranium-238 by neutron capture and that, like U-235, this should be able to sustain a nuclear chain reaction. A similar conclusion was independently arrived at by Edwin McMi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectr-H64 | In cryptography, Spectr-H64 is a block cipher designed in 2001 by N. D. Goots, A. A. Moldovyan and N. A. Moldovyan. It relies heavily on the permutation of individual bits, so is much better suited to implementation in hardware than in software.
The algorithm has a block size of 64 bits and key size of 256 bits. It uses a 12 round structure in which half of the block determines the transformation of the other half in each round, similar to a Feistel cipher or RC5. This same basic design was repeated in its successor, CIKS-1.
Cryptanalysis
An analysis of Spectr-H64 was presented in 2002 by Selçuk Kavut and Melek D Yücel of the Middle East Technical University, showing a method of using a differential attack to retrieve half of the key bits when a single round is used. Using this method, they then presented a slide attack that requires 217 chosen plaintexts to return all key bits on the full 12 rounds.
References
Further reading
Broken block ciphers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biology | Biology is the scientific study of life. It is a natural science with a broad scope but has several unifying themes that tie it together as a single, coherent field. For instance, all organisms are made up of cells that process hereditary information encoded in genes, which can be transmitted to future generations. Another major theme is evolution, which explains the unity and diversity of life. Energy processing is also important to life as it allows organisms to move, grow, and reproduce. Finally, all organisms are able to regulate their own internal environments.
Biologists are able to study life at multiple levels of organization, from the molecular biology of a cell to the anatomy and physiology of plants and animals, and evolution of populations. Hence, there are multiple subdisciplines within biology, each defined by the nature of their research questions and the tools that they use. Like other scientists, biologists use the scientific method to make observations, pose questions, generate hypotheses, perform experiments, and form conclusions about the world around them.
Life on Earth, which emerged more than 3.7 billion years ago, is immensely diverse. Biologists have sought to study and classify the various forms of life, from prokaryotic organisms such as archaea and bacteria to eukaryotic organisms such as protists, fungi, plants, and animals. These various organisms contribute to the biodiversity of an ecosystem, where they play specialized roles in the cycling o |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xmx | In cryptography, xmx is a block cipher designed in 1997 by David
M'Raïhi, David Naccache, Jacques Stern, and Serge Vaudenay. According to the
designers it "uses public-key-like operations as confusion and diffusion means." The
cipher was designed for efficiency, and the only operations it uses are XORs
and modular multiplications.
The main parameters of xmx are variable, including the
block size and key size, which are equal, as well
as the number of rounds. In addition to the key, it also makes
use of an odd modulus n which is small enough to fit in a single block.
The round function is f(m)=(moa)·b mod n, where a and b are
subkeys and b is coprime to n. Here moa represents an operation that
equals m XOR a, if that is less than n, and otherwise equals m. This is a simple
invertible operation: moaoa = m. The xmx cipher consists
of an even number of iterations of the round function, followed by a final o
with an additional subkey.
The key schedule is very simple, using the same key for all the multipliers, and
three different subkeys for the others: the key itself for the first half of the
cipher, its multiplicative inverse mod n for the last half, and the XOR of these two
for the middle subkey.
The designers defined four specific variants of xmx:
Standard: 512-bit block size, 8 rounds, n=2512-1
High security: 768-bit block size, 12 rounds, n=2768-1
Very-high security: 1024-bit block size, 16 rounds, n=21024-1
Challenge: 256-bit block size, 8 rounds, n=(280-1)·2176+157 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abstract%20model%20checking | In computer science and in mathematics, abstraction model checking is for systems where an actual representation is too complex in developing the model alone. So, the design undergoes a kind of translation to scaled down "abstract" version.
The set of variables are partitioned into visible and invisible depending on their change of values. The real state space is summarized into a smaller set of the visible ones.
Galois connected
The real and the abstract state spaces are Galois connected. This means that if we take an element from the abstract space, concretize it and abstract the concretized version, the result will be equal to the original. On the other hand, if you pick an element from the real space, abstract it and concretize the abstract version, the final result will be a super set of the original.
That is,
((abstract)) = abstract
((real)) real
See also
References
Model checking |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paulo%20Ribenboim | Paulo Ribenboim (born March 13, 1928) is a Brazilian-Canadian mathematician who specializes in number theory.
Biography
Ribenboim was born into a Jewish family in Recife, Brazil. He received his BSc in mathematics from the University of São Paulo in 1948, and won a fellowship to study with Jean Dieudonné in France at the University of Nancy in the early 1950s, where he became a close friend of Alexander Grothendieck.
He has contributed to the theory of ideals and of valuations.
Ribenboim has authored 246 publications including 13 books. He has been at Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario, since the 1960s, where he remains a professor emeritus.
Jean Dieudonné was one of his doctoral advisors. Andrew Granville, Jan Minac, Karl Dilcher and Aron Simis have been a doctoral students of Ribenboim.
The Ribenboim Prize of the Canadian Number Theory Association is named in his honor.
Personal life
In 1951, Ribenboim married Huguette Demangelle, a French Catholic woman whom he met in France. The couple have two children and five grandchildren, and have lived in Canada since 1962.
Bibliography
Paulo Ribenboim (1964) Functions, Limits, and Continuity , John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
References
External links
The Canadian Number Theory Association Ribenboim Prize
1928 births
Living people
People from Recife
Brazilian Jews
Number theorists
Brazilian emigrants to Canada
Brazilian expatriates in France
Academic staff of Queen's University at Kingston
20th-century Brazilian mathem |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CRT%20%28genetics%29 | CRT is the gene cluster responsible for the biosynthesis of carotenoids. Those genes are found in eubacteria, in algae and are cryptic in Streptomyces griseus.
Role of CRT genes in carotenoid biosynthesis
The CRT gene cluster consists of twenty-five genes such as crtA, crtB, crtC, crtD, crtE, crtF, crtG, crtH, crtI, crtO, crtP, crtR, crtT, crtU, crtV, and crtY, crtZ. These genes play a role in varying stages of the Astaxanthin biosynthesis and Carotenoid biosynthesis (Table 1).
crtE encodes for an enzyme known as geranylgeranyl diphosphate synthase known to catalyze the condensation reaction of isopentenyl pyrophosphate (IPP) and dimethylallyl pyrophosphate (DMAPP) into geranylgeranyl diphosphate (GGDP). Two GGDP molecules are subsequently converted into a single phytoene molecule by phytoene synthase, an enzyme encoded by crtB, known as PSY in Chlorophyta. The following desaturation of phytoene into ζ-carotene is catalyzed by the phytoene desaturase encoded by crtI, crtP, and/or PDS. ζ -carotene can also be obtained through phytoene using the carotene 2,4-desaturase enzyme (crtD). Depending on the species, varying carotenoids are accumulated following these steps.
Spirilloxanthin
Spirilloxanthin is obtained from lycopene following a hydration, desaturation, and methylation reaction. These reactions are catalyzed by carotene hydratase (crtC), carotene 3,4- desaturase (crtD), and carotene methyltransferase (crtF), respectively.
Canthaxanthin
Lycopene is cyclized through |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth%20Mellanby | Major Kenneth Mellanby (26 March 1908 – 23 December 1993) was an English ecologist and entomologist. He received the OBE for his work on the scabies mite.
Life and work
lMellanby was educated at Barnard Castle School and then at King's College, Cambridge in Biology. He gained his PhD at the London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine on the ability of parasites to survive desiccation. He then worked as a Sorby Research Fellow of the Royal Society in Sheffield.
In the Second World War, he studied the control of scabies mite, an infection that was keeping thousands of soldiers in hospital. Mellanby meticulously counted all female mites that had burrowed into 886 soldiers, and determined that the average scabies sufferer harbors only 11.3 mites.
He carried out research on volunteers, mainly conscientious objectors, at the Sorby Research Institute, which he founded. He showed that the mite was largely unable to survive in bedding. He demonstrated that the disease is spread by the female mite and not males, immature forms, or eggs. He furthermore showed that a single treatment with benzyl benzoate provided a prompt cure. Based on his research, the ministry of health officially determined that disinfection of bedding and garments (knows as 'stoving') was not required to properly treat scabies, thus saving the military an estimated half a million pounds per year. In 1945, he was awarded the OBE for this work.
Mellanby helped to found Nigeria's first University, the Universi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cis | Cis or cis- may refer to:
Places
Cis, Trentino, in Italy
In Poland:
Cis, Świętokrzyskie Voivodeship, south-central
Cis, Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship, north
Math, science and biology
cis (mathematics) (cis(θ)), a trigonometric mathematical function related to Euler's formula
Cis (beetle), genus
Cis–trans isomerism, in chemistry
cis-regulatory element, regions of non-coding DNA which regulate the transcription of nearby genes
Other uses
Cisgender, a descriptor for somebody whose gender identity matches their assigned gender at birth
C♯ (musical note), known as cis in some European notations
See also
CIS (disambiguation)
Ciss (disambiguation)
Csi (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jonas%20Vilei%C5%A1is | Jonas Vileišis (January 3, 1872 – June 1, 1942) was a Lithuanian lawyer, politician, and diplomat.
Early life and career
Vileišis was born in Mediniai, near Pasvalys. In 1892 he graduated from the Šiauliai Gymnasium. During 1892-1894, he studied physics and mathematics at Saint Petersburg University. Later he transferred to the study of law, graduating in 1898. As a student he began contributing to the newspapers Varpas (The Bell) and Ūkininkas (The Farmer). From 1896 to 1898 he was a member of the Social Democratic Party of Lithuania. After returning to Lithuania, he began practicing law and joined the 12 Apostles organization, dedicated to defending the right to use the Lithuanian language in print, which was banned at the time. In 1902 he participated in the creation of the Lithuanian Democratic Party.
After the ban on Lithuanian language was lifted in 1904, Vileišis obtained permission to publish the newspaper Lietuvos Ūkininkas and was its editor-in-chief from 1905 to 1906. From 1907 to 1909, he served as the publisher of Vilniaus žinios (Vilnius News) and, after it was banned, published and edited Lietuvos Žinios (Lithuanian News). He was one of the organizers of the Great Seimas of Vilnius in 1905, and an organizer of the Lithuanian Science Society in 1907.
At the beginning of World War I, Vileišis co-founded a Lithuanian organization aimed at helping war victims with agronomic and legal support, and became its chairman. He was also an active member of the Lithuani |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute%20of%20All%20Nations%20for%20Advanced%20Studies | The Institute of All Nations for Advanced Studies, Inc. (IAN) was established by Dr. Rama C. Mohanty and others in 1964. Mohanty, IAN’s General Secretary, is a Professor of Physics at Southern University in Baton Rouge, Louisiana. He moved to found the organization after being deeply affected by the brutal murder of thousands of innocent people, including children and women, as a result of religious and communal rioting in his native India.
Convinced that the promotion of inner peace within each individual is vital to the establishment of meaningful world peace, IAN seeks to become:
A non-political, non-partisan, non-sectarian society.
A community of scholars and humanitarians dedicated to peace.
An institution devoted to the humanization, re-education of mankind and the development of international law.
An organization of people as well as governments
A true parliament of humanity, serving as a forum for all men and women of goodwill everywhere.
Permanently chartered as a private, nonprofit educational 501(c)(3) tax-exempt corporation in New York, the Institute began under the co-chairmanship of former Supreme Court of the United States Justice Arthur (Joseph) Goldberg, and former United Nations Ambassador Arthur S. Lall's niece, Dr. Anurita Kapur, M.D. a neurosurgeon in New York. Since 1998, IAM has promoted World Peace Day internationally on 1 October to raise mass awareness against violence at home and abroad as well as honor those working to promote peace.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advances%20in%20Applied%20Clifford%20Algebras | Advances in Applied Clifford Algebras is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that publishes original research papers and also notes, expository and survey articles, book reviews, reproduces abstracts and also reports on conferences and workshops in the area of Clifford algebras and their applications to other branches of mathematics and physics, and in certain cognate areas. There is a vibrant and interdisciplinary community around Clifford and Geometric Algebras with a wide range of applications. The main conferences in this subject include the The International Conference on Clifford Algebras and Their Applications in Mathematical Physics (ICCA) and Applications of Geometric Algebra in Computer Science and Engineering (AGACSE) series.
The journal was established in 1991 by Jaime Keller who was its editor-in-chief until his death in 2011. The second editor-in-chief of the journal was Waldyr Alves Rodrigues Jr. (Universidade Estadual de Campinas), and the current editor-in-chief is Uwe Kähler from University of Aveiro. The journal is published by Springer Science+Business Media under its Birkhäuser Verlag imprint.
References
External links
Mathematics journals
Springer Science+Business Media academic journals
Quarterly journals
Academic journals established in 1991
English-language journals |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Uniformly%20convex%20space | In mathematics, uniformly convex spaces (or uniformly rotund spaces) are common examples of reflexive Banach spaces. The concept of uniform convexity was first introduced by James A. Clarkson in 1936.
Definition
A uniformly convex space is a normed vector space such that, for every there is some such that for any two vectors with and the condition
implies that:
Intuitively, the center of a line segment inside the unit ball must lie deep inside the unit ball unless the segment is short.
Properties
The unit sphere can be replaced with the closed unit ball in the definition. Namely, a normed vector space is uniformly convex if and only if for every there is some so that, for any two vectors and in the closed unit ball (i.e. and ) with , one has (note that, given , the corresponding value of could be smaller than the one provided by the original weaker definition).
The "if" part is trivial. Conversely, assume now that is uniformly convex and that are as in the statement, for some fixed . Let be the value of corresponding to in the definition of uniform convexity. We will show that , with .
If then and the claim is proved. A similar argument applies for the case , so we can assume that . In this case, since , both vectors are nonzero, so we can let and . We have and similarly , so and belong to the unit sphere and have distance . Hence, by our choice of , we have . It follows that and the claim is proved.
The Milman–Pettis theorem states that e |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TERC | TERC may refer to:
Telomerase RNA component, a human gene.
TERC (Cambridge, Massachusetts), a nonprofit research and development organization in Cambridge, Massachusetts, the developers of the Investigations in Numbers, Data, and Space mathematics curriculum
"Investigations" or TERC, a K–5 mathematics curriculum, developed at TERC (Cambridge, Massachusetts)
Technical Education Research Centers (TERC)
CSIRO Tropical Ecosystems Research Centre
Terrestrial Environment Research Center. A research center at University of Tsukuba.
Thermal Enclosure Rater Checklist A standard for achieving green building certification in the Energy Star home rating program.
UC Davis Tahoe Environmental Research Center (TERC). A non-profit organization that conducts research on Lake Tahoe and educated the public on environmental issues at Lake Tahoe |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geodynamics | Geodynamics is a subfield of geophysics dealing with dynamics of the Earth. It applies physics, chemistry and mathematics to the understanding of how mantle convection leads to plate tectonics and geologic phenomena such as seafloor spreading, mountain building, volcanoes, earthquakes, faulting. It also attempts to probe the internal activity by measuring magnetic fields, gravity, and seismic waves, as well as the mineralogy of rocks and their isotopic composition. Methods of geodynamics are also applied to exploration of other planets.
Overview
Geodynamics is generally concerned with processes that move materials throughout the Earth. In the Earth's interior, movement happens when rocks melt or deform and flow in response to a stress field. This deformation may be brittle, elastic, or plastic, depending on the magnitude of the stress and the material's physical properties, especially the stress relaxation time scale. Rocks are structurally and compositionally heterogeneous and are subjected to variable stresses, so it is common to see different types of deformation in close spatial and temporal proximity. When working with geological timescales and lengths, it is convenient to use the continuous medium approximation and equilibrium stress fields to consider the average response to average stress.
Experts in geodynamics commonly use data from geodetic GPS, InSAR, and seismology, along with numerical models, to study the evolution of the Earth's lithosphere, mantle and co |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Under%20the%20Radar%20%28Grade%20album%29 | Under the Radar is the third full-length studio album by the hardcore band Grade. It was released by Victory Records on October 12, 1999.
Track listing
"The Inefficiency of Emotion"
"For The Memory of Love"
"Seamless"
"The Tension Between Stillness and Motion"
"Victims of Mathematics"
"A Year in the Past, Forever in the Future"
"The Worst Lies Are Told in Silence"
"Second Chance at First Place"
"Stolen Bikes Ride Faster"
"When Something Goes to Your Head"
"Triumph and Tragedy"
Reception and legacy
References
1999 albums
Victory Records albums
Grade (band) albums |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Axis%E2%80%93angle%20representation | In mathematics, the axis–angle representation parameterizes a rotation in a three-dimensional Euclidean space by two quantities: a unit vector indicating the direction (geometry) of an axis of rotation, and an angle of rotation describing the magnitude and sense (e.g., clockwise) of the rotation about the axis. Only two numbers, not three, are needed to define the direction of a unit vector rooted at the origin because the magnitude of is constrained. For example, the elevation and azimuth angles of suffice to locate it in any particular Cartesian coordinate frame.
By Rodrigues' rotation formula, the angle and axis determine a transformation that rotates three-dimensional vectors. The rotation occurs in the sense prescribed by the right-hand rule.
The rotation axis is sometimes called the Euler axis. The axis–angle representation is predicated on Euler's rotation theorem, which dictates that any rotation or sequence of rotations of a rigid body in a three-dimensional space is equivalent to a pure rotation about a single fixed axis.
It is one of many rotation formalisms in three dimensions.
Rotation vector
The axis–angle representation is equivalent to the more concise rotation vector, also called the Euler vector. In this case, both the rotation axis and the angle are represented by a vector codirectional with the rotation axis whose length is the rotation angle ,
It is used for the exponential and logarithm maps involving this representation.
Many rotation vecto |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20A.%20Fleury | Paul Aimé Fleury (born July 20, 1939) is an American physicist and academic administrator. He was the dean of the faculty of engineering at Yale University and is the Frederick W. Beinecke Professor of Engineering and Applied Physics and professor of physics.
Fleury was born in Baltimore, Maryland and educated at John Carroll University (B.S, 1960) and MIT (Ph.D., 1965). Fleury was at AT&T Bell Laboratories from 1970 until 1995 including work at Sandia National Laboratories. Fleury was the dean of the school of engineering at the University of New Mexico from 1996-2000. He then succeeded D. Allan Bromley as dean of engineering at Yale. In 2007, he became the director of the Yale Institute for Nanoscience and Quantum Engineering. He kept that position after retiring from the deanship at the end of 2007.
His research has been in experimental condensed matter physics and material science including dynamic aspects of phase transformations and optical spectroscopy.
Fleury was elected a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 1996 for discoveries related to ferroelectric, acoustic, and nonlinear performance of materials, and for management leadership in materials. He is also a member of the National Academy of Sciences and the American Academy of Arts and Sciences and a Fellow of the American Association for the Advancement of Science. He received the Michelson–Morley Award (1985) and the Frank Isakson prize for optical effects in solids (1992) from the American P |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hauptman-Woodward%20Medical%20Research%20Institute | The Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute (HWI) is an independent, not-for-profit, biomedical research facility located in the Buffalo Niagara Medical Campus affiliated with the University at Buffalo. Its focus is on structural biology with a strong history in methods development and the application of X-ray crystallography in fundamental studies.
Medical research
HWI scientists work to find the fundamental causes of many diseases. For example, cancer is being attacked by identifying new classes of anti-tumor agents including new inhibitors for hormone-dependent breast tumors. Other projects include:
Finding new ways to fight opportunistic infections in AIDS patients
Combating inflammation in arthritis and cardiovascular disease
Preventing bronchial infections in cystic fibrosis patients
HWI scientists use a methodology known as structural biology, which allows them to create 3D models of the molecules that build up cells. The investigation results provide many insights into how these molecular machines work, including the starting points for the design of better drugs. HWI is also focused to developing highly trained researchers and in its role as the Department of Structural and Computational Biology for the University at Buffalo, the Institute typically trains about a dozen PhD students and sponsors internship programs for high school and college students.
History
The Hauptman-Woodward Medical Research Institute was founded in 1956 as the "Medical Foundation of |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treyfer | In cryptography, Treyfer is a block cipher/MAC designed in 1997 by Gideon Yuval. Aimed at smart card applications, the algorithm is extremely simple and compact; it can be implemented in just 29 bytes of 8051 machine code.
Treyfer has a rather small key size and block size of 64 bits each. All operations are byte-oriented, and there is a single 8×8-bit S-box. The S-box is left undefined; the implementation can simply use whatever data is available in memory. In each round, each byte has added to it the S-box value of the sum of a key byte and the previous data byte, then it is rotated left one bit. The design attempts to compensate for the simplicity of this round transformation by using 32 rounds.
Due to the simplicity of its key schedule, using the same eight key bytes in each round, Treyfer was one of the first ciphers shown to be susceptible to a slide attack. This cryptanalysis, which is independent of the number of rounds and the choice of S-box, requires 232 known plaintexts and 244 computation time.
Implementation
A simple implementation of Treyfer can be done as follows
#include <stdint.h>
#define NUMROUNDS 32
extern uint8_t const sbox[256];
void treyfer_encrypt(uint8_t * text[8], uint8_t const key[8]) {
unsigned i;
uint8_t t = *text[0];
for (i = 0; i < 8 * NUMROUNDS; i++) {
t += key[i % 8];
t = sbox[t] + *text[(i + 1) % 8];
t = (t << 1) | (t >> 7); /* Rotate left 1 bit */
*text[(i + 1) % 8] = t
}
}
void |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aellopos%20ceculus | Aellopos ceculus is a moth of the family Sphingidae.
Distribution
It lives mainly in the northern section of South America but has known to be found as far north as Mexico.
Description
The wingspan is 42–47 mm. It can be distinguished from all other Aellopos species by the yellow median band found on the hindwing upperside.
Biology
Adults are on wing year round in Costa Rica. There are probably three main generations, with adults on wing from December to January, April to May and in September.
The larvae feed on various Rubiaceae species.
References
Aellopos
Moths described in 1777
Sphingidae of South America
Moths of North America
Taxa named by Pieter Cramer |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midblastula | In developmental biology, midblastula or midblastula transition (MBT) occurs during the blastula stage of embryonic development in non-mammals. During this stage, the embryo is referred to as a blastula. The series of changes to the blastula that characterize the midblastula transition include activation of zygotic gene transcription, slowing of the cell cycle, increased asynchrony in cell division, and an increase in cell motility.
Blastula Before MBT
Before the embryo undergoes the midblastula transition it is in a state of fast and constant replication of cells. The cell cycle is very short. The cells in the zygote are also replicating synchronously, always undergoing cell division at the same time. The zygote is not producing its own mRNA but rather it is using mRNAs that were produced in the mother and loaded into the oocyte in order to produce proteins necessary for zygotic growth. The zygotic DNA (genetic material) is not being used because it is repressed through a variety of mechanisms such as methylation. This repressed DNA is sometimes referred to as heterochromatin and is tightly packed together inside the cell because it is not being used for transcription.
Characteristics of the MBT
Before the zygote undergoes the midblastula transition it is in a state of fast and constant replication of cells.
Activation of Zygotic Gene Transcription
At this stage, the zygote starts producing its own mRNAs that are made from its own DNA, and no longer uses the maternal |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herschel%20Medal | The Herschel Medal is awarded by the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS) for "investigations of outstanding merit in observational astrophysics". It is awarded for a single piece of work so that younger scientists can be candidates for the award. It is named after the RAS's first president, William Herschel. The medal was first awarded in 1974. From 1974 to 2004 the Herschel Medal was only awarded every three years. From 2004 the frequency was shortened to two years and from 2012 it will be awarded annually. The medal has been shared twice, in 1977 and 1986. It has been awarded 23 times to a total of 25 people (23 men, two women), mostly from the UK.
Medalists
Source: Royal Astronomical Society
See also
List of astronomy awards
References
Awards established in 1974
Awards of the Royal Astronomical Society
1974 establishments in the United Kingdom |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katy%20Deacon | Katy Deacon is a British engineer involved in renewable energy systems. Deacon has been noted for influencing the engineering industry.
Biography
Deacon is an energy engineer working for Kirklees Metropolitan Council.
She has been involved with renewable energy systems in West Yorkshire.
She has worked with renewable energies such as the use of wind turbines and solar power in schools, and systems to automatically monitor consumption of electricity, gas and water across building complexes. During her master's degree, she created a "tool kit" for architects, engineers and other developers about maximizing energy efficiency in buildings, which won the NICEIC award for Energy Efficiency Product of the Year in 2006.
Deacon was presented with the Institution of Engineering and Technology Young Woman Engineer of the Year award in 2007.
She attained chartered engineer status in 2008 and received the Women's Engineering Society (WES) Karen Burt Award in 2009, which is presented to the most outstanding newly-chartered female engineer across the UK engineering and IT institutions.
She has been profiled as "ingenious" by the UKRC and Engineering & Technology magazine.
References
External links
IET Board of Trustees Biographical information
IET press release
Energy and Utility Skills case study
Kirklees Metropolitan Council storyboard
"Kirklees engineer to focus on women's role in industry", BBC News, 16 February 2011
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
B |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Milman%E2%80%93Pettis%20theorem | In mathematics, the Milman–Pettis theorem states that every uniformly convex Banach space is reflexive.
The theorem was proved independently by D. Milman (1938) and B. J. Pettis (1939). S. Kakutani gave a different proof in 1939, and John R. Ringrose published a shorter proof in 1959.
Mahlon M. Day (1941) gave examples of reflexive Banach spaces which are not isomorphic to any uniformly convex space.
References
S. Kakutani, Weak topologies and regularity of Banach spaces, Proc. Imp. Acad. Tokyo 15 (1939), 169–173.
D. Milman, On some criteria for the regularity of spaces of type (B), C. R. (Doklady) Acad. Sci. U.R.S.S, 20 (1938), 243–246.
B. J. Pettis, A proof that every uniformly convex space is reflexive, Duke Math. J. 5 (1939), 249–253.
J. R. Ringrose, A note on uniformly convex spaces, J. London Math. Soc. 34 (1959), 92.
Banach spaces
Theorems in functional analysis
fr:Théorème de Milman-Pettis |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Esther%20Orozco | María Esther Orozco Orozco (born 18 April 1945 in San Isidro Pascual Orozco, Chihuahua, Mexico) is a Mexican chemist, bacteriologist, parasitologist and teacher.
Her research in the Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del IPN (México) is focused on the molecular biology and genetics of Entamoeba histolytica, mainly in the genes and proteins that drive the virulence mechanisms of this human parasite, willing to develop a vaccine and more efficient treatments against amoebiasis.
Currently, she is the Minister of International Cooperation in Science and Technology at the Mexican Embassy in France.
She has been honored with the Pasteur Medal, awarded by the Pasteur Institute and the UNESCO, “for her discovery of the mechanism and control of infections by amoebae in the tropics”, and with the L’Oréal UNESCO for Woman in Science Award. She was international fellow of the Howard Hughes Medical Institute for 10 years.
She is a member of the Mexican Academy of Sciences (AMC) and the World Academy of Sciences (TWAS).
In 2011, Esther Orozco was designated Emeritus Researcher by the Center for Research and Advanced Studies of the National Polytechnic Institute (Spanish: Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional or CINVESTAV-IPN), where she works since 1981.
In 2012, she was named Emeritus National Researcher by the Conacyt’s National System of Researchers (SNI). Up to 2022, there are only 462 members of the SNI (102 of them women |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chapman%20Medal | The Chapman Medal is an award of the Royal Astronomical Society, given for "investigations of outstanding merit in the science of the Sun, space and planetary environments or solar-terrestrial physics". It is named after Sydney Chapman (1888–1970), a British geophysicist who worked on solar-terrestrial physics and aeronomy. The medal was first awarded in 1973, initially on a triennial basis. From 2004-2012 it was awarded biennially, and since 2012 has been annual.
Medallists
Source: Royal Astronomical Society
See also
List of geophysics awards
References
Awards established in 1973
Awards of the Royal Astronomical Society
1973 establishments in the United Kingdom
Geophysics awards |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optics%20Communications | Optics Communications is a peer-reviewed scientific journal published by Elsevier. It covers all fields of optical science and technology and was established in 1969.
Abstracting and indexing
The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
Chemical Abstracts
Current Contents/Engineering, Computing & Technology
Current Contents/Physics, Chemical, & Earth Sciences
Ei Compendex
Engineering Index
Inspec
Scopus
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 2.31.
References
External links
Optics journals
Elsevier academic journals
Academic journals established in 1969
English-language journals
Biweekly journals |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klavs%20Neerbek | Klavs Neerbek (born 1944) is a Danish author and gymnasium professor. He founded the electronics firm Rap Soft. Bjarner Svejgaard, who had established the Electronic Installation for Calculations at the Geodetic Institute, interested him in text processing during his early years. In 1963, he became a student of mathematics at the Østersøgade Gymnasium, where he helped edit Extra-Posta, the first school magazine in Interlingua.
The following year, he completed his philosophicum in Boolean algebra and was an instructor in medicinal chemistry from 1966 to 1969. After becoming a candidate in chemistry, physics, and astronomy, he attended the Roskilde Cathedral School in the spring of 1970. Afterward, he was employed for nine years at the State School of Rødovre, until he became interested in computer hardware. At Tiger Data, he developed a personal computer, and in 1981, he joined ICL Computer. After two years as Professor of Physics at the Høng Gymnasium, he founded Rap Soft, a producer of educational programs for children.
Since 1992, he has served as a counselor of the Union Danese pro Interlingua (DIU), where he has combined his interest in computers and languages. In 1993, an electronic version of the Danish-Interlingua and Interlingua-Danish dictionaries appeared on disk. The publication of the disk, among the first of its kind, led to generous coverage in the professional journal Computerworld. In 1994, he headed the Interlingua Videncenter or Interlingua Knowledge Cent |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Donald%20E.%20Pearson | Donald Emanuel Pearson "Doc", (June 21, 1914 in Madison, Wisconsin – April 14, 2004 in Nashville, Tennessee) was an American chemist and scientific researcher. He was a professor of chemistry at Vanderbilt University from 1946 until his retirement as Distinguished Professor Emeritus in 1986.
In 1980, Vanderbilt University established the Donald E. Pearson Award in his honor.
Most recently awarded in April 2011, it is presented to a graduating senior for distinguished undergraduate research in chemistry.
Career
After graduating as salutatorian from Madison High School, Pearson enrolled at the University of Wisconsin–Madison where he played varsity baseball for 4 years and graduated in 1936 with a Bachelor's degree in Chemistry. He turned down an offer to pitch for the Chicago White Sox to pursue his doctoral studies at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign where Carl Shipp Marvel ("Speed" Marvel) and Roger Adams were his mentors. Pearson became enamoured with research and teaching "hands on" bench chemistry. He supported his graduate studies by teaching, supplemented by his winnings from all-night poker games at the Alpha Chi Sigma Chemistry fraternity house.. He admonished Robert Burns Woodward to pay off his poker debts at the train station before the future Nobel laureate headed to Harvard to begin his new job.
After receiving his Ph.D., Pearson took a position as an industrial chemist with the Pittsburgh Plate Glass Co. and was recruited by the Nationa |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tropical%20cyclone%20engineering | Tropical cyclone engineering, or hurricane engineering, is a specialist sub-discipline of civil engineering that encompasses planning, analysis, design, response, and recovery of civil engineering systems and infrastructure for hurricane hazards. Hurricane engineering is a relatively new and emerging discipline within the field of civil engineering. It is an integration of many recognized branches of engineering, such as structural engineering, wind engineering, coastal engineering, and forensic engineering, with other recognized sciences and planning functions such as, climatology, oceanography, architecture, emergency management and preparedness, hazard mitigation, and hazard vulnerability analysis. Hurricane engineering aims to minimize risks to human safety, the natural and built environment, and business processes.
United States
As a result of the tremendous threats to life safety and economic disruptions caused by the 2004 and 2005 hurricane seasons, governmental organizations, such as the United States National Science Foundation, have recognized the need to better understand hurricane threats and further establish this discipline. In September 2006, the National Science Board released recommendations to the United States Congress calling for major new investments in hurricane science and engineering.
Accredited university engineering programs, such as the Louisiana State University civil engineering department and University of Notre Dame Department of Civil Engine |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert%20algebra | In mathematics, an Albert algebra is a 27-dimensional exceptional Jordan algebra. They are named after Abraham Adrian Albert, who pioneered the study of non-associative algebras, usually working over the real numbers. Over the real numbers, there are three such Jordan algebras up to isomorphism. One of them, which was first mentioned by and studied by , is the set of 3×3 self-adjoint matrices over the octonions, equipped with the binary operation
where denotes matrix multiplication. Another is defined the same way, but using split octonions instead of octonions. The final is constructed from the non-split octonions using a different standard involution.
Over any algebraically closed field, there is just one Albert algebra, and its automorphism group G is the simple split group of type F4. (For example, the complexifications of the three Albert algebras over the real numbers are isomorphic Albert algebras over the complex numbers.) Because of this, for a general field F, the Albert algebras are classified by the Galois cohomology group H1(F,G).
The Kantor–Koecher–Tits construction applied to an Albert algebra gives a form of the E7 Lie algebra. The split Albert algebra is used in a construction of a 56-dimensional structurable algebra whose automorphism group has identity component the simply-connected algebraic group of type E6.
The space of cohomological invariants of Albert algebras a field F (of characteristic not 2) with coefficients in Z/2Z is a free module ov |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolman%E2%80%93Oppenheimer%E2%80%93Volkoff%20equation | In astrophysics, the Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff (TOV) equation constrains the structure of a spherically symmetric body of isotropic material which is in static gravitational equilibrium, as modelled by general relativity. The equation is
Here, is a radial coordinate, and and are the density and pressure, respectively, of the material at radius . The quantity , the total mass within , is discussed below.
The equation is derived by solving the Einstein equations for a general time-invariant, spherically symmetric metric. For a solution to the Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff equation, this metric will take the form
where is determined by the constraint
When supplemented with an equation of state, , which relates density to pressure, the Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff equation completely determines the structure of a spherically symmetric body of isotropic material in equilibrium. If terms of order are neglected, the Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff equation becomes the Newtonian hydrostatic equation, used to find the equilibrium structure of a spherically symmetric body of isotropic material when general-relativistic corrections are not important.
If the equation is used to model a bounded sphere of material in a vacuum, the zero-pressure condition and the condition should be imposed at the boundary. The second boundary condition is imposed so that the metric at the boundary is continuous with the unique static spherically symmetric solution to the vacuum field equations, the S |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erd%C3%A9lyi | Erdélyi is a word of Hungarian origin, meaning “related to Transylvania”.
Arthur Erdélyi (1908–1977) — Hungarian-born British mathematician
János Erdélyi (1814–1868) — Hungarian poet, critic, author, philosopher and ethnographist
Stefan Erdélyi (1905–1968) — Hungarian-Romanian chess master
Tamás Erdélyi — professor of mathematics at Texas A&M University
Vasile Erdelyi (1794–1862) - Romanian Greek Catholic bishop of Oradea Mare
Tommy Ramone aka. Thomas Erdelyi, born Erdélyi Tamás (b. 1949) — Hungarian American record producer and musician
See also
Erdélyi Napló — Hungarian language weekly published in Romania
Hungarian Hound aka. Erdélyi Kopó — breed of dog |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feasible%20region | In mathematical optimization and computer science, a feasible region, feasible set, or solution space is the set of all possible points (sets of values of the choice variables) of an optimization problem that satisfy the problem's constraints, potentially including inequalities, equalities, and integer constraints. This is the initial set of candidate solutions to the problem, before the set of candidates has been narrowed down.
For example, consider the problem of minimizing the function with respect to the variables and subject to and Here the feasible set is the set of pairs (x, y) in which the value of x is at least 1 and at most 10 and the value of y is at least 5 and at most 12. The feasible set of the problem is separate from the objective function, which states the criterion to be optimized and which in the above example is
In many problems, the feasible set reflects a constraint that one or more variables must be non-negative. In pure integer programming problems, the feasible set is the set of integers (or some subset thereof). In linear programming problems, the feasible set is a convex polytope: a region in multidimensional space whose boundaries are formed by hyperplanes and whose corners are vertices.
Constraint satisfaction is the process of finding a point in the feasible region.
Convex feasible set
A convex feasible set is one in which a line segment connecting any two feasible points goes through only other feasible points, and not through any po |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9%20Joyal | André Joyal (; born 1943) is a professor of mathematics at the Université du Québec à Montréal who works on category theory. He was a member of the School of Mathematics at the Institute for Advanced Study in 2013, where he was invited to join the Special Year on Univalent Foundations of Mathematics.
Research
He discovered Kripke–Joyal semantics, the theory of combinatorial species and with Myles Tierney a generalization of the Galois theory of Alexander Grothendieck in the setup of locales. Most of his research is in some way related to category theory, higher category theory and their applications. He did some work on quasi-categories, after their invention by Michael Boardman and Rainer Vogt, in particular conjecturing and proving the existence of a Quillen model structure on sSet whose weak equivalences generalize both equivalence of categories and Kan equivalence of spaces. He co-authored the book "Algebraic Set Theory" with Ieke Moerdijk and recently started a web-based expositional project Joyal's CatLab on categorical mathematics.
Personal life
Joyal was born in Drummondville (formerly Saint-Majorique). He has three children and lives in Montreal.
Bibliography
; ;
André Joyal, Ieke Moerdijk, Algebraic set theory. London Mathematical Society Lecture Note Series 220. Cambridge Univ. Press 1995. viii+123 pp.
André Joyal, Myles Tierney, Notes on simplicial homotopy theory, CRM Barcelona, Jan 2008 pdf
André Joyal, Disks, duality and theta-categories, prepri |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ETBLAST | eTBLAST was a free text-similarity service now defunct. It was initially developed by Alexander Pertsemlidis and Harold “Skip” Garner in 2005 at The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center. It offered access to the following databases:
MEDLINE
National Institutes of Health (NIH)
CRISP
Institute of Physics (IOP)
Wikipedia
arXiv
NASA technical reports
Virginia Tech class descriptions
others of clinical interest
eTBLAST searched citation databases and databases containing full-text such as PUBMED. It compared a user’s natural-text query with target databases utilizing a hybrid-search algorithm. The algorithm consisted of a low-sensitivity, weighted, keyword-based first pass followed by a novel second pass based on sentence alignment. eTBLAST later became a web-based service of The Innovation Laboratory at the Virginia Bioinformatics Institute.
The text-similarity engine studied duplicate publications and potential plagiarism in biomedical literature. eTBLAST received thousands of random samples of Medline abstracts for a large-scale study. Those with the highest similarity were assessed then entered into an on-line database. The work revealed several trends including an increasing rate of duplication in the biomedical literature, according to prominent scientific journals Bioinformatics,Anaesthesia and Intensive Care, Clinical Chemistry, Urologic oncology, Nature, and Science.
See also
BLAST (Basic Local Alignment Search Tool)
Natural language processing
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry%20March | Jerry March, Ph.D. (August 1, 1929 – December 25, 1997) was an American organic chemist and a professor of chemistry at Adelphi University.
March authored the March's Advanced Organic Chemistry text, which is considered to be a pillar of graduate-level organic chemistry texts. The book was prepared in its fifth edition at the time of his death.
External links
New York Times obituary
Organic chemists
1929 births
1997 deaths
Adelphi University faculty |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisa%20Kewley | Lisa Jennifer Kewley (born 1974) is an Australian Astrophysicist and current Director of the Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian. Previously, Kewley was Director of the ARC Centre of Excellence for All Sky Astrophysics in 3-D (ASTRO 3-D) and ARC Laureate Fellow at the Australian National University College of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, where she was also a Professor. Specialising in galaxy evolution, she won the Annie Jump Cannon Award in Astronomy in 2005 for her studies of oxygen in galaxies, and the Newton Lacy Pierce Prize in Astronomy in 2008. In 2014 she was elected a fellow of the Australian Academy of Science. In 2020 she received the James Craig Watson Medal. In 2021 she was elected as an international member of the National Academy of Sciences. In 2022 she became the first female director of the Center for Astrophysics Harvard & Smithsonian.
Life
Kewley was raised in South Australia. Her parents encouraged engagement with the sciences and she was influenced by a high school physics teacher, and participation at a school stargazing camp, to become interested in astronomy. After school, she enrolled in a Bachelor of Science at the Adelaide University, graduating with a BSc (Hons) in astrophysics. She then moved to Canberra to pursue a doctorate in astrophysics at the Australian National University, which was awarded in 2002. In 2001, she spent some time in the United States as a visiting scholar at Johns Hopkins University. During this time she |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobbie%20Vaile | Dr Roberta Anne 'Bobbie' Vaile (25 June 1959 – 13 November 1996) was an Australian astrophysicist and senior lecturer in physics at the Faculty of Business and Technology at the University of Western Sydney, Macarthur. She was involved with Project Phoenix (a SETI experiment) and influential in the establishment of the SETI Australia Centre, created at the university in 1995. She died following a seven-year battle with an inoperable brain tumour.
Bobbie was born in Junee, New South Wales. She attended the University of Newcastle, where she received her B.Sc. She earned her Ph.D. at the University of New South Wales with a thesis entitled "The Corona Australis Complex" in 1989.
Bobbie was awarded the Australian Science Communicators' "Unsung Hero of Australian Science" award in 1995 for her work in developing easy and friendly methods of teaching science.
Other published papers include:
- Seth Shostak, Ron Ekers, Roberta Vaile, 1996. A Search for Artificial Signals from the Small Magellanic Cloud The Astronomical Journal 112, 164-166.
A memorial garden at the University of Western Sydney was dedicated to Bobbie in 1999, and there is a park/reserve in Camden, New South Wales (at ), named after her. The binary main-belt asteroid 6708 Bobbievaile, discovered by Australian astronomer Robert McNaught in 1989 was also named in her memory.
Naming citation was published on 22 April 1997 ().
References
External links
- Bobbie Vaile Reserve
- Bioastronomy News, Fall 1993, Vo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyoto%20University%20School%20of%20Informatics | The Graduate School of Informatics at Kyoto University was founded in 1998, incorporating four former departments of the Graduate School of Engineering: Electronic and Communication, Applied Mathematics and Physics, Information Science, and Applied Systems Science. It includes faculty from diverse disciplines, including human studies, letters, economics, medicine, agriculture and mathematics.
Kyoto University adopts the Edinburgh definition of Informatics as the study of information in natural and artificial systems.
Departments of the School of Informatics
Intelligence Science and Technology,
Social Informatics,
Applied Analysis and Complex Dynamical Systems,
Applied Mathematics and Physics,
Systems Science, and
Communications and Computer Engineering.
External links
School Homepage
Informatics
Schools of informatics |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris%20Freeman%20%28scientist%29 | Professor Chris Freeman is a British environmental scientist at the University of Wales, Bangor.
Freeman is Professor of Aquatic Biogeochemistry in the College of Natural Sciences in Bangor. Freeman's research focuses on carbon cycling, with an emphasis on peatland carbon storage and dissolved organic carbon dynamics. His work is best known for its description of a mechanism known as the "peatland enzymic latch" and observation of a rising trend in aquatic dissolved organic carbon concentrations. His work has been recognised with awards from the American Society for Limnology and Oceanography and the Royal Society.
Publications
Freeman C, Ostle J, Kang H (2001). An enzymic latch on a global carbon store. Nature. 409, 149.
Freeman C, C. D. Evans, D. T. Monteith, B. Reynolds and N. Fenner (2001) Export of organic carbon from peat soils. Nature 412, 785.
Freeman C, Fenner N, Ostle NJ, Kang H, Dowrick DJ, Reynolds B, Lock MA, Sleep D, Hughes S and Hudson J. (2004) Dissolved organic carbon export from peatlands under elevated carbon dioxide levels Nature 430, 195 – 198.
Bragazza L, Freeman C, T Jones, H Rydin, J Limpens, N Fenner, T Ellis, R Gerdola, M Hajek, T Hajek, P Iacumin, L Kutnark, T Tahvanainen, H Toberman. (2006) Atmospheric nitrogen deposition promotes carbon loss from peat bogs Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 103(51): 19386-19389
References
English biochemists
Environmental scientists
Biogeochemists
Year of birth |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20L.%20Day%20Medal | The Arthur L. Day Medal is a prize awarded by the Geological Society of America, established in 1948 by Arthur Louis Day for "outstanding distinction in contributing to geologic knowledge through the application of physics and chemistry to the solution of geologic problems".
List of winners
Source: Geological Society of America
See also
List of geology awards
Prizes named after people
External links
Geological Society of America
Geology awards
Awards established in 1948
American science and technology awards |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multitaper | In signal processing, multitaper is a spectral density estimation technique developed by David J. Thomson. It can estimate the power spectrum SX of a stationary ergodic finite-variance random process X, given a finite contiguous realization of X as data.
Motivation
The multitaper method overcomes some of the limitations of non-parametric Fourier analysis. When applying the Fourier transform to extract spectral information from a signal, we assume that each Fourier coefficient is a reliable representation of the amplitude and relative phase of the corresponding component frequency. This assumption, however, is not generally valid for empirical data. For instance, a single trial represents only one noisy realization of the underlying process of interest. A comparable situation arises in statistics when estimating measures of central tendency i.e., it is bad practice to estimate qualities of a population using individuals or very small samples. Likewise, a single sample of a process does not necessarily provide a reliable estimate of its spectral properties. Moreover, the naive power spectral density obtained from the signal's raw Fourier transform is a biased estimate of the true spectral content.
These problems are often overcome by averaging over many realizations of the same event after applying a taper to each trial. However, this method is unreliable with small data sets and undesirable when one does not wish to attenuate signal components that vary across trials |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CO1 | CO1 may refer to:
CO postcode area
Conway group Co1 in mathematics
Carbon monoxide in chemistry
Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit 1
Min'an Electric CO1, a vehicle made by Min'an Electric |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calvin%20Mackie | Calvin Mackie (born ) is an American motivational speaker and entrepreneur. He is the older brother of actor Anthony Mackie.
Education
Mackie was born in New Orleans, Louisiana and graduated in 1985 from McDonogh 35 High School, the first high school for African Americans in New Orleans. In 1990, Mackie earned a B.S. in mathematics from Morehouse College and a Bachelor of Mechanical Engineering from Georgia Tech through a dual-degree program. He also completed a M.S. in 1992 and a Ph.D. in 1996, both in mechanical engineering.
Career
Academia
Following graduation Mackie joined the faculty at Tulane University where he continued to pursue research related to heat transfer, fluid dynamics, energy efficiency and renewable energy until the Engineering Program was discontinued in 2006. In 2002, Mackie was promoted to Associate Professor with tenure. He has published numerous peer-reviewed articles and successfully competed for federal, state and private funding.
In 2004–2005, Mackie was a visiting professor in the Department of Chemical Engineering at the University of Michigan. He is a member of Phi Beta Kappa, Pi Tau Sigma and Tau Beta Pi National Honor Societies, and a Lifetime Member of the National Society of Black Engineers.
Mackie has also worked as a professional speaker. In 1992, he co-founded Channel ZerO, an educational and motivational consulting company; he has presented to civic and educational institutions, and Fortune 500 corporations.
Louisiana Recovery Aut |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L.%20H.%20C.%20Tippett | Leonard Henry Caleb Tippett (8 May 1902 – 9 November 1985), known professionally as L. H. C. Tippett, was an English statistician.
Tippett was born in London but spent most of his early life in Cornwall and attended St Austell County Grammar School, where his contemporaries included the historian A. L. Rowse. Tippett graduated in physics in the early 1920s from Imperial College London. He studied for his Master of Science in statistics under Karl Pearson at the Galton Laboratory, University College London and R. A. Fisher at Rothamsted. He spent his entire career, 1925 to 1965, on the staff of the Shirley Institute, Manchester becoming in 1952 one of the first Assistant Directors. Along with R.A. Fisher and Emil Gumbel, he pioneered extreme value theory. The Fisher–Tippett distribution is named after him.
At the Shirley Institute he applied statistics to the problem of yarn breakage rates in weaving. In the late 1920s and 1930s, he became known for his 'snap-reading' method of observation which led to improved production efficiency and operative utilization. As a result of his work in the textile industry, he was awarded the Shewart Medal of the American Society for Quality Control.
Tippett published "Random Sampling Numbers" in 1927 and thus invented the random number table.
In 1965 he retired to St Austell, Cornwall and in this period became an UNIDO consultant, being active in India. He died in 1985 after being hit by a van whilst walking from his home to the St. Aust |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/OSDI | OSDI can mean:
Operating Systems: Design and Implementation, a computer science book by Andrew S. Tanenbaum
Operating Systems Design and Implementation, a computer science conference sponsored by USENIX
The ICAO code for Damascus International Airport in Syria |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watterson%20estimator | In population genetics, the Watterson estimator is a method for describing the genetic diversity in a population. It was developed by Margaret Wu and G. A. Watterson in the 1970s. It is estimated by counting the number of polymorphic sites. It is a measure of the "population mutation rate" (the product of the effective population size and the neutral mutation rate) from the observed nucleotide diversity of a population. , where is the effective population size and is the per-generation mutation rate of the population of interest ( ). The assumptions made are that there is a sample of haploid individuals from the population of interest, that there are infinitely many sites capable of varying (so that mutations never overlay or reverse one another), and that .
Because the number of segregating sites counted will increase with the number of sequences looked at, the correction factor is used.
The estimate of , often denoted as , is
where is the number of segregating sites (an example of a segregating site would be a single-nucleotide polymorphism) in the sample and
is the th harmonic number.
This estimate is based on coalescent theory. Watterson's estimator is commonly used for its simplicity. When its assumptions are met, the estimator is unbiased and the variance of the estimator decreases with increasing sample size or recombination rate. However, the estimator can be biased by population structure. For example, is downwardly biased in an exponentially growin |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold%20Garner | Harold Ray Garner (born 5 February 1954), known informally as "Skip", is a biophysicist with research careers in plasma physics, bioengineering and bioinformatics. Garner was born in St. Louis, Missouri.
He received his B.S. degree in Nuclear Engineering (minor in computer science) at the University of Missouri, Rolla in 1976 and a PhD in plasma/high temperature matter physics from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1982. He also holds an honorary professional engineering degree also from the University of Missouri, Rolla.
General Atomics
From 1982 to 1994, Garner was a scientist at General Atomics in San Diego where he conducted experimental and theoretical research for the Department of Energy at international fusion research facilities. In his last six years at GA, he was a founding member of "The Institute", an internal think tank, where he developed artificial intelligence/expert systems, new particle accelerators, high temperature superconductors, stealth/defense technologies and biology software and instrumentation.
University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center
From 1994 to 2009, Garner held the P. O’B. Montgomery, M.D., Distinguished Chair, and was a professor of biochemistry and internal medicine, a member of the McDermott Center for Human Growth and Development (Human Genetics Center).
In 2005, Popular Science published an article featuring Garner's holographic video-projection system.
Virginia Tech
In December 2009, Garner moved to Virginia Tech and becam |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Squaring | Squaring may refer to:
Square (algebra), the result of multiplying something by itself
Quadrature (mathematics), the process of determining the area of a plane figure |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second%20degree | Second degree may refer to:
A postgraduate degree or a professional degree in postgraduate education
Second-degree burn
Second-degree polynomial, in mathematics
Second-degree murder, actual definition varies from country to country
The second degree in Freemasonry
See also
First degree (disambiguation)
Third degree (disambiguation)
Minute and second of arc, a second of arc being of a degree |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20Wisconsin%E2%80%93Milwaukee%20College%20of%20Engineering%20and%20Applied%20Science | The College of Engineering and Applied Science is a college within the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee. It offers bachelor, master and doctoral degrees in civil engineering, electrical engineering, industrial engineering, materials engineering, mechanical engineering, and computer science.
Based on the statistical analysis by H.J. Newton, Professor of Statistics at Texas A&M University in 1997 on the National Research Council report issued in 1995, the school was ranked 73rd nationally in the National Research Council (NRC) rankings, with its Civil Engineering program 69th, Electronic Engineering 96th, Industrial Engineering 34th, Materials science 60th, and Mechanical Engineering 87th. The school ranks 129th nationally by U.S. News & World Report, with its computer science program ranked 110th in 2011.
Departments
Civil Engineering & Mechanics
Computer Science
Electrical Engineering
Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering
Materials Science
Mechanical Engineering
Research centers
Center for Alternative Fuels Research Programs
Center for By-Products Utilization
Center for Composite Materials
Center for Cryptography, Computer, & Network Security
Center for Ergonomics
Center for Urban Transportation Studies
Center for Energy Analysis & Diagnostics
Southeastern Wisconsin Energy Technology Research Center
Notable people
Satya Nadella ('90 MS Computer Science), Microsoft CEO.
Michael Dhuey, electrical and computer engineer, co-inventor of the Macintosh II and the iPod.
L |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wesley%20Chan | Wesley Chan (Wesley Tien-Houi, born 1978) is an American venture capitalist and the co-founder and managing partner of venture capital firm FPV. A graduate in computer science from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Chan first became known from his work in the early days of Google, founding Google Analytics and Google Voice, and for building Google's early advertising system.
While at Google, Chan developed an expertise as a venture capitalist, serving as a founding General Partner of Google Ventures, before moving to Felicis Ventures in 2014, then co-founding his own firm, FPV, in 2022. Through his first decade in venture capital, he gained attention as an early investor in many well known biotech, technology, and software startups, including Canva, Flexport, Guild Education, RobinHood, AngelList, Plaid, and Ring.
Early life and education
Chan studied at the MIT Electrical Engineering and Computer Science Department, earning his B.S. and S.M. (2001) degrees. While earning his masters, he did his graduate research at the MIT Media Lab.
Career
After completing his graduate studies in mid 2001, Chan started his career as a software engineer at Microsoft, moving to Fujitsu, moving to HP Labs by September 2001, where he was a research lead.
By early 2002, Chan had moved to Google at a time when, in his words: "dogs were still running around the office and nobody knew who we were". During his first eight years at Google, he helped to build, lead or launch a number of |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Cornog | Robert Alden Cornog (July 7, 1912 – July 17, 1998) was a physicist and engineer who helped develop the atomic bomb and missile systems, and made significant discoveries regarding isotopes of hydrogen and helium.
A native of Portland, Oregon, who grew up in Iowa City, Cornog earned a bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering at the University of Iowa. After working for the United States Bureau of Reclamation on the Boulder Dam design, he studied at UC Berkeley for his doctorate in physics.
His graduate student research led to the co-discovery, with Luis Alvarez, that hydrogen of atomic mass 3 (tritium) was radioactive, and that helium of mass 3 helium-3) occurs in nature. He also assisted Emilio Segrè in the discovery of element 85, astatine.
During World War II, Cornog designed magnetic equipment for ships and went to work on the Manhattan Project, successively at UC Berkeley, Princeton University and in Los Alamos, New Mexico. Cornog became chief engineer of the ordnance division of the atomic bomb development team and was involved in the development of the bomb's trigger mechanism.
Following World War II, he focused on aerodynamics, nuclear energy, and rocket engineering. He worked on missile systems for several Southern California companies, including Northrop, Space Technology Laboratories and Ramo-Wooldridge Corporation, which became TRW. Also an expert on vacuum technology, Cornog headed Vacuum Enterprises from 1967 to 1974 and managed product development for Torr |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20R.%20Rose | Michael R. Rose (born 25 July 1955) is a Professor in the Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at the University of California, Irvine.
Michael Roberson Rose was born on July 25, 1955. He obtained his B.S. in 1975 from Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada. In 1976 he obtained his M.S.. In 1978 he obtained his Ph.D from the University of Sussex.
His Ph.D. advisor was Brian Charlesworth. His main area of work has been the evolution of aging, approached both theoretically and empirically via the technique of experimental evolution. In 1991, he published Evolutionary Biology of Aging exploring a view of the subject based on antagonistic pleiotropy, the hypothesis that aging is caused by genes that have two effects, one acting early in life and the other much later. The genes are favored by natural selection as a result of their early-life benefits, and the costs that accrue much later appear as incidental side-effects that we identify as aging. Dr. Rose has also suggested that aging can stop in a latter stage of life. The field of aging biology is divided between those who think that it will be very difficult to develop technology to postpone human aging and those who expect breakthroughs in this field in the near future. Rose is an outspoken advocate for the former position.
Antagonistic pleiotropy
The phenomenon was first described by George C. Williams in 1957, but it was Rose who coined the phrase "antagonistic pleiotropy". Rose's laboratory has conducte |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Information%20exchange | Information exchange or information sharing means that people or other entities pass information from one to another. This could be done electronically or through certain systems. These are terms that can either refer to bidirectional information transfer in telecommunications and computer science or communication seen from a system-theoretic or information-theoretic point of view. As "information" in this context invariably refers to (electronic) data that encodes and represents the information at hand, a broader treatment can be found under data exchange.
Information exchange has a long history in information technology. Traditional information sharing referred to one-to-one exchanges of data between a sender and receiver. Online information sharing gives useful data to businesses for future strategies based on online sharing. These information exchanges are implemented via dozens of open and proprietary protocols, message, and file formats. Electronic data interchange (EDI) is a successful implementation of commercial data exchanges that began in the late 1970s and remains in use today.
Some controversy comes when discussing regulations regarding information exchange. Initiatives to standardize information sharing protocols include extensible markup language (XML), simple object access protocol (SOAP), and web services description language (WSDL).
From the point of view of a computer scientist, the four primary information sharing design patterns are sharing information |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phylogenetic%20nomenclature | Phylogenetic nomenclature is a method of nomenclature for taxa in biology that uses phylogenetic definitions for taxon names as explained below. This contrasts with the traditional approach, in which taxon names are defined by a type, which can be a specimen or a taxon of lower rank, and a description in words. Phylogenetic nomenclature is currently regulated by the International Code of Phylogenetic Nomenclature (PhyloCode).
Definitions
Phylogenetic nomenclature ties names to clades, groups consisting of an ancestor and all its descendants. These groups can equivalently be called monophyletic. There are slightly different ways of specifying the ancestor, which are discussed below. Once the ancestor is specified, the meaning of the name is fixed: the ancestor and all organisms which are its descendants are included in the named taxon. Listing all these organisms (i.e. providing a full circumscription) requires the full phylogenetic tree to be known. In practice, there are only one or more hypotheses as to the correct tree. Different hypotheses lead to different organisms being thought to be included in the named taxon, but do not affect what organisms the name actually applies to. In this sense the name is independent of theory revision.
Phylogenetic definitions of clade names
Phylogenetic nomenclature ties names to clades, groups consisting solely of an ancestor and all its descendants. All that is needed to specify a clade, therefore, is to designate the ancestor. There a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20purification%20methods%20in%20chemistry | Purification in a chemical context is the physical separation of a chemical substance of interest from foreign or contaminating substances. Pure results of a successful purification process are termed isolate. The following list of chemical purification methods should not be considered exhaustive.
Affinity purification purifies proteins by retaining them on a column through their affinity to antibodies, enzymes, or receptors that have been immobilised on the column.
Filtration is a mechanical method to separate solids from liquids or gases by passing the feed stream through a porous sheet such as a cloth or membrane, which retains the solids and allows the liquid to pass through.
Centrifugation is a process that uses an electric motor to spin a vessel of fluid at high speed to make heavier components settle to the bottom of the vessel.
Evaporation removes volatile liquids from non-volatile solutes, which cannot be done through filtration due to the small size of the substances.
Liquid–liquid extraction removes an impurity or recovers a desired product by dissolving the crude material in a solvent in which other components of the feed material are soluble.
Crystallization separates a product from a liquid feed stream, often in extremely pure form, by cooling the feed stream or adding precipitants that lower the solubility of the desired product so that it forms crystals. The pure solid crystals are then separated from the remaining liquor by filtration or centrifugation.
R |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watertown%20Arsenal | The Watertown Arsenal was a major American arsenal located on the northern shore of the Charles River in Watertown, Massachusetts. The site is now registered on the ASCE's List of Historic Civil Engineering Landmarks and on the US National Register of Historic Places, and it is home to a park, restaurants, mixed use office space, and currently serves as the national headquarters for athenahealth.
History
The arsenal was established in 1816, on of land, by the United States Army for the receipt, storage, and issuance of ordnance. In this role, it replaced the earlier Charlestown Arsenal. The arsenal's earliest plan incorporated 12 buildings aligned along a north–south axis overlooking the river. Alexander Parris, later designer of Quincy Market, was architect. Buildings included a military store and arsenal, as well as shops and housing for officers and men. All were made of brick with slate roofs in the Federal style, and a high wall enclosed the compound. By 1819 all buildings were completed and occupied.
The arsenal's site, duties, and buildings grew gradually until the American Civil War, enlarging beyond the original quadrangle. During the war it greatly expanded to produce field and coastal gun carriages, and the war's impetus led to the quick construction of a large machine shop and smith shop built as contemporary factories, as well as a number of smaller buildings.
During the Civil War, a new commander's quarters was commissioned by then-Capt. Thomas J. Rodman, i |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kumada%20coupling | In organic chemistry, the Kumada coupling is a type of cross coupling reaction, useful for generating carbon–carbon bonds by the reaction of a Grignard reagent and an organic halide. The procedure uses transition metal catalysts, typically nickel or palladium, to couple a combination of two alkyl, aryl or vinyl groups. The groups of Robert Corriu and Makoto Kumada reported the reaction independently in 1972.
The reaction is notable for being among the first reported catalytic cross-coupling methods. Despite the subsequent development of alternative reactions (Suzuki, Sonogashira, Stille, Hiyama, Negishi), the Kumada coupling continues to be employed in many synthetic applications, including the industrial-scale production of aliskiren, a hypertension medication, and polythiophenes, useful in organic electronic devices.
History
The first investigations into the catalytic coupling of Grignard reagents with organic halides date back to the 1941 study of cobalt catalysts by Morris S. Kharasch and E. K. Fields. In 1971, Tamura and Kochi elaborated on this work in a series of publications demonstrating the viability of catalysts based on silver, copper and iron. However, these early approaches produced poor yields due to substantial formation of homocoupling products, where two identical species are coupled.
These efforts culminated in 1972, when the Corriu and Kumada groups concurrently reported the use of nickel-containing catalysts. With the introduction of palladium catalys |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haplogroup%20S%20%28mtDNA%29 | In human genetics, Haplogroup S is a human mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) haplogroup found only among Indigenous Australians. It is a descendant of macrohaplogroup N.
Origin
Haplogroup S mtDNA evolved within Australia between 64,000 and 40,000 years ago (51 kya).
Distribution
It is found in the Indigenous Australian population. Haplogroup S2 found in Willandra Lakes human remain WLH4 dated back Late Holocene (3,000-500 years ago).
The following table lists relevant GenBank samples:
Subclades
Tree
This phylogenetic tree of haplogroup S subclades is based on the paper by Mannis van Oven and Manfred Kayser Updated comprehensive phylogenetic tree of global human mitochondrial DNA variation and subsequent published research. The TMRCA for haplogroup S is between 49 and 51 KYA according to Nano Nagle's Aboriginal Australian mitochondrial genome variation – an increased understanding of population antiquity and diversity publication that published in 2017.
S (64-40 kya) in Australia
S1 (53-32 kya) in Australia
S1a (44-29 kya) found in WA, NT, QLD and NSW
S1b (37-22 kya) found in NT, QLD and NSW
S1b1 (30-10 kya) found in NT and QLD
S1b1a (24-6 kya) found in QLD
S1b2 (17-3 kya) found in QLD
S1b3 (20-4 kya) found in QLD and NSW
S2 (44-22 kya) in Australia
S2a (38-18 kya) found in NT, QLD, NSW and TAS
S2a1 (31-12 kya) found in NSW, QLD and TAS
S2a1a (19-6 kya) found in NSW and QLD
S2a2 (38-11 kya) found in NT, QLD and NSW
S2b (42-18 kya) found in WA, NT, QLD and VIC
S2b1(27-9 kya) foun |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Impact%20parameter | In physics, the impact parameter is defined as the perpendicular distance between the path of a projectile and the center of a potential field created by an object that the projectile is approaching (see diagram). It is often referred to in nuclear physics (see Rutherford scattering) and in classical mechanics.
The impact parameter is related to the scattering angle by
where is the velocity of the projectile when it is far from the center, and is its closest distance from the center.
Scattering from a hard sphere
The simplest example illustrating the use of the impact parameter is in the case of scattering from a sphere. Here, the object that the projectile is approaching is a hard sphere with radius . In the case of a hard sphere, when , and for . When , the projectile misses the hard sphere. We immediately see that . When , we find that
Collision centrality
In high-energy nuclear physics — specifically, in colliding-beam experiments — collisions may be classified according to their impact parameter. Central collisions have , peripheral collisions have , and ultraperipheral collisions (UPCs) have , where the colliding nuclei are viewed as hard spheres with radius .
Because the color force has an extremely short range, it cannot couple quarks that are separated by much more than one nucleon's radius; hence, strong interactions are suppressed in peripheral and ultraperipheral collisions. This means that final-state particle multiplicity (the total number of pa |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schatten%20norm | In mathematics, specifically functional analysis, the Schatten norm (or Schatten–von-Neumann norm)
arises as a generalization of p-integrability similar to the trace class norm and the Hilbert–Schmidt norm.
Definition
Let , be Hilbert spaces, and a (linear) bounded operator from
to . For , define the Schatten p-norm of as
where
,
using the
operator square root.
If is compact and are separable, then
for
the singular values of , i.e. the eigenvalues of the Hermitian operator .
Properties
In the following we formally extend the range of to with the convention that is the operator norm. The dual index to is then .
The Schatten norms are unitarily invariant: for unitary operators and and ,
They satisfy Hölder's inequality: for all and such that , and operators defined between Hilbert spaces and respectively,
If satisfy , then we have
.
The latter version of Hölder's inequality is proven in higher generality (for noncommutative spaces instead of Schatten-p classes) in.
(For matrices the latter result is found in .)
Sub-multiplicativity: For all and operators defined between Hilbert spaces and respectively,
Monotonicity: For ,
Duality: Let be finite-dimensional Hilbert spaces, and such that , then
where denotes the Hilbert–Schmidt inner product.
Let be two orthonormal basis of the Hilbert spaces , then for
.
Remarks
Notice that is the Hilbert–Schmidt norm (see Hilbert–Schmidt operator), is the trace class no |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arif%20Dirlik | Arif Dirlik (; 23 November 1940 – 1 December 2017) was a Turkish-American historian who published on historiography and political ideology in modern China, as well as issues in modernity, globalization, and post-colonial criticism. Dirlik received a BSc in Electrical Engineering at Robert College, Istanbul in 1964 and a PhD in History at the University of Rochester in 1973.
Biography
Dirlik came to the United States to study science at University of Rochester, but developed an interest in Chinese history instead. His PhD dissertation on the origins of Marxist historiography in China, published by University of California Press in 1978, led to an interest in Chinese anarchism. When asked in 1997 to identify the main influences on his work, Dirlik cited Marx, Mao, and Dostoevsky.
After his official retirement, Dirlik lived in Eugene, Oregon. In fall 2011 he held the Rajni Kothari Chair in Democracy at the Centre for the Study of Developing Societies in Delhi, India. In fall 2010, he served as the Liang Qichao Memorial Distinguished Visiting Professor at Tsinghua University, Beijing. He held a brief appointment as Green Professor at the University of British Columbia in February 2016.
Career
Dirlik taught at Duke University for thirty years as professor of history and anthropology before moving in 2001 to the University of Oregon where he served as Knight Professor of Social Science, Professor of History and Anthropology, and Director of the Center for Critical Theory and Tra |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian%20Ford%20%28numerical%20analyst%29 | Brian Ford (OBE, born 1940, Nottingham) is a British Mathematician who founded, and until his retirement in 2004, was director of the Numerical Algorithms Group (NAG). Ford gained a Ph.D. in Applied Mathematics from the University of Nottingham. The NAG (then Nottingham Algorithms Group) project began in 1970 as a collaborative venture, led by Ford, between the Universities of Birmingham, Leeds, Manchester, Nottingham and Oxford, and the Atlas Computer Laboratory. In 1973 the project moved to Oxford and was renamed. Ford was awarded an Order of the British Empire in 1989 in "recognition of outstanding services to British industry and research" In 2005 he was awarded an Honorary Degree from the University of Bath.
References
External links
Citation for honorary degree at Bath
20th-century British mathematicians
21st-century British mathematicians
Living people
Academics of the University of Nottingham
Numerical analysts
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Year of birth missing (living people) |
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