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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20Z279 | In molecular biology, Small nucleolar RNA Z279 is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
snoRNA Z279 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
Plant snoRNA Z279 was identified in a screen of Oryza sativa.
References
External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20Z37 | In molecular biology, snoRNA Z37 is a member of the C/D class of snoRNA which contain the C (UGAUGA) and D (CUGA) box motifs. Z37 acts as a methylation guide for 5.8S ribosomal RNA. This family contains a putative snoRNA found in the intron of the receptor for activated C kinase (RACK1) gene in mammals identified by the Rfam database. This family also includes human snoRNAs U96a and U96b and the apicomplexan snoRNA snr39b.
References
External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20Z39 | In molecular biology, Small nucleolar RNA Z39 is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
snoRNA Z39 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
Plant snoRNA Z39 was identified in a screen of Oryza sativa.
References
External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20Z40 | In molecular biology, Small nucleolar RNA Z40 is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
snoRNA Z40 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
Plant snoRNA Z40 was identified in a screen of Oryza sativa.
References
External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20Z43 | In molecular biology, Small nucleolar RNA Z43 is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
snoRNA Z43 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
Plant snoRNA Z43 was identified in a screen of Oryza sativa.
References
External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20Z50 | In molecular biology, Small nucleolar RNA Z50 is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
snoRNA Z50 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
snoRNA Z50 was originally cloned from mouse brain tissues.
References
External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ArcZ%20RNA | In molecular biology the ArcZ RNA (also known as RyhA and SraH) is a small non-coding RNA (ncRNA). It is the functional product of a gene which is not translated into protein. ArcZ is an Hfq binding RNA that functions as an antisense regulator of a number of protein coding genes.
Discovery
This non-coding RNA was discovered in the bacteria Escherichia coli during a large scale computational screen for transcription signals and genomic features of known small RNA-encoding genes. During this screen 14 novel ncRNA genes were identified, including GlmZ, SraB, SraC and SraD. The expression of SraH was experimentally confirmed by Northern blotting. Its expression is highly abundant in stationary growth phase but low levels of expression can still be detected in exponentially growing cells.
Processing
Although ArcZ is initially transcribed as a transcript of ~120 nucleotides. This precursor is unstable and is processed into an abundant fragment ~58 nucleotides which represents the 3' end of the initial transcript. The stability and abundance of the shorter 3' transcript is confirmed in both Northern blotting and deep sequencing analysis.
Function
ArcZ has been shown to strongly bind the global post-transcriptional regulator protein Hfq. In Salmonella it has been shown to repress the expression of protein coding genes sdaCB (involved in serine uptake) and tpx (involved in oxidative stress) genes, and of the horizontally acquired gene methyl-accepting chemotaxis protein (MCP). Bot |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U8%20small%20nucleolar%20RNA | In molecular biology, U8 small nucleolar RNA (also known as SNORD118) is the RNA component of a small RNA:protein complex (the U8 snoRNP) which is required for biogenesis of mature large subunit ribosomal RNAs, 5.8S and 28S rRNAs.
More specifically, U8 is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
snoRNA U8 belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
U8 RNA genes have been identified in human, mouse, rat and the amphibian Xenopus laevis.
References
External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Go%20and%20mathematics | The game of Go is one of the most popular games in the world. As a result of its elegant and simple rules, the game has long been an inspiration for mathematical research. Shen Kuo, an 11th century Chinese scholar, estimated in his Dream Pool Essays that the number of possible board positions is around 10172. In more recent years, research of the game by John H. Conway led to the development of the surreal numbers and contributed to development of combinatorial game theory (with Go Infinitesimals being a specific example of its use in Go).
Computational complexity
Generalized Go is played on n × n boards, and the computational complexity of determining the winner in a given position of generalized Go depends crucially on the ko rules.
Go is “almost” in PSPACE, since in normal play, moves are not reversible, and it is only through capture that there is the possibility of the repeating patterns necessary for a harder complexity.
Without ko
Without ko, Go is PSPACE-hard. This is proved by reducing True Quantified Boolean Formula, which is known to be PSPACE-complete, to generalized geography, to planar generalized geography, to planar generalized geography with maximum degree 3, finally to Go positions.
Go with superko is not known to be in PSPACE. Though actual games seem never to last longer than moves, in general it is not known if there were a polynomial bound on the length of Go games. If there were, Go would be PSPACE-complete. As it currently stands, it might be PS |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monica%20Kristensen%20Sol%C3%A5s | Monica Kristensen Solås (born 30 June 1950), is a Norwegian glaciologist, meteorologist, polar explorer and crime novelist. She was awarded a Founders Gold Medal by the Royal Geographical Society in 1989.
Life
She was born in Torsby, Sweden, of Swedish/Norwegian parents, and moved as a child to Kongsvinger in Norway.
She is a physics graduate of the University of Tromsø, and has taken part in many expeditions to the Arctic and Antarctic. In 1986–1987 she was leader of an expedition to follow Roald Amundsen’s route to the South Pole, but was forced to turn back at 86 degrees south. She was awarded a Founders Gold Medal by the Royal Geographical Society in 1989.
In 1991-92 she led a glaciology and climate change expedition titled the Aurora Program and based on the Filchner Ice Shelf. There was a side mission to locate and recover the tent erected by Roald Amundsen at the South Pole (Polheim) in February 1992. After sailing from Montevideo, Uruguay on 12 December 1991, they eventually were able to establish a five-hut base named Blaenga (Norwegian for "blue field) at 77.5°S-34.2°W beginning on 2 January 1992. Construction was completed by 18 January, and local glaciological studies were conducted. The venture had been delayed by poor weather, sea ice conditions, and damage to the expedition's Twin Otter aircraft—it had to be flown back to Canada for repairs. This caused the original plans for the South Pole tent project to be significantly altered. They had planned to put 4 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zvi%20Arad | Zvi Arad (,16 April 1942, in Petah Tikva, Mandatory Palestine – 4 February 2018, in Petah Tikva, Israel) was an Israeli mathematician, acting president of Bar-Ilan University, and president of Netanya Academic College.
Biography
Zvi Arad began his academic studies in the Mathematics Department of Bar-Ilan University. He received his first degree in 1964 and after army service went on to complete a second and third degree in the Mathematics Department of Tel Aviv University.
Academic career
In 1968 Arad joined the academic staff at Bar-Ilan University as an assistant and in 1983 was appointed a full professor. During the years 1978/9 he held the position of visiting scientist at the University of Chicago, and from 1982 to 1983 held the position of visiting professor at the University of Toronto.
Arad held a variety of senior academic posts at Bar-Ilan University. He served as chairman of the Mathematics and Computer Science Department, dean of the Faculty of Natural Sciences and Mathematics, rector and president of the university (succeeding Ernest Krausz, and followed by Shlomo Eckstein). Together with Professor Bernard Pinchuk he founded Gelbart Institute, an international research institute named after Abe Gelbart, and the Emmy Noether Institute (Minerva Center). Together with colleagues he established a journal, the Israel Mathematics Conference Proceedings, distributed by the American Mathematical Society (AMS). From 1984–1985 he served as a member of the Council f |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Moral%20Animal | The Moral Animal is a 1994 book by journalist Robert Wright, in which the author explores many aspects of everyday life through evolutionary biology.
Summary
Wright explores many aspects of everyday life through evolutionary biology. He provides Darwinian explanations for human behavior and psychology, social dynamics and structures, as well as people's relationships with lovers, friends, and family.
Wright borrows extensively from Charles Darwin's better-known publications, including On the Origin of Species (1859), but also from his chronicles and personal writings, illustrating behavioral principles with Darwin's own biographical examples.
Reception
The Moral Animal was a national bestseller and has been published in 12 languages; The New York Times Book Review chose it as one of its eleven Best Books of 1994. The linguist Steven Pinker praised The Moral Animal as a "fiercely intelligent, beautifully written and engrossingly original book" but "found his [Wright's] larger ethical arguments problematic." Neurologist Amy Wax wrote: "One measure of his [Wright's] success is that most of the incoherences in the book can be traced to weaknesses in the body of work he seeks to present, and not in Wright's exposition." The paleontologist Stephen Jay Gould wrote that The Moral Animal presents "pure guesswork" as science, and that the book owes its impact to "good writing and egregiously simplistic argument."
See also
Evolutionary ethics
Evolutionary psychology
John Stuar |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chong%20Lim | Chong Voon Lim (born 1958 in Ipoh, Malaysia) is a Malaysian-born Australian-based musical director, keyboardist, producer, and session musician. Lim attended St. Michael's Institution for secondary education. He relocated to Melbourne, Australia in 1977, where he attended Geelong College, and then completed a mechanical engineering course at the University of Melbourne from 1978 to 1981. Lim has toured with Jermaine Jackson and John Farnham, after Farnham's long-time collaborator David Hirschfelder left to concentrate on film scores. He has toured and been music director and producer for Olivia Newton-John since 1998 and is patron of the Olivia Newton-John Foundation.
Lim is a consultant for the musical instrument company Roland Corporation, producer of an album for Tommy Emmanuel and wrote music for the 2000 Summer Olympics in Sydney, was musical director and composer for the closing ceremony of the Melbourne 2006 Commonwealth Games. He was also musical director for the stage version of Dirty Dancing, Don't Forget Your Toothbrush and Kylie Minogue's Intimate and Live Tour.
In the 2018 Queen's Birthday Honours Lim was made a Member of the Order of Australia (AM) for "significant service to the performing arts as a musician, composer, producer and musical director, and to the community".
Career
2000 Sydney Olympics
Lim composed several pieces of work for both the 2000 Summer Olympics opening ceremony and the 2000 Summer Olympics closing ceremony. He composed "Nature", an |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass%20flux | In physics and engineering, mass flux is the rate of mass flow. Its SI units are kg m−2 s−1. The common symbols are j, J, q, Q, φ, or Φ (Greek lower or capital Phi), sometimes with subscript m to indicate mass is the flowing quantity. Mass flux can also refer to an alternate form of flux in Fick's law that includes the molecular mass, or in Darcy's law that includes the mass density.
Sometimes the defining equation for mass flux in this article is used interchangeably with the defining equation in mass flow rate. For example, Fluid Mechanics, Schaum's et al uses the definition of mass flux as the equation in the mass flow rate article.
Definition
Mathematically, mass flux is defined as the limit
where
is the mass current (flow of mass per unit time ) and is the area through which the mass flows.
For mass flux as a vector , the surface integral of it over a surface S, followed by an integral over the time duration to , gives the total amount of mass flowing through the surface in that time ():
The area required to calculate the flux is real or imaginary, flat or curved, either as a cross-sectional area or a surface.
For example, for substances passing through a filter or a membrane, the real surface is the (generally curved) surface area of the filter, macroscopically - ignoring the area spanned by the holes in the filter/membrane. The spaces would be cross-sectional areas. For liquids passing through a pipe, the area is the cross-section of the pipe, at the sectio |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zena%20Tooze | Zena Tooze (born 3 May 1955) is a Canadian biologist and conservationist who has worked in Nigeria in the area of primate conservation since 1991. She received a master's degree in Biology from Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia in 1987. In 2005 she received a Whitley Award for excellence in leadership in nature conservation.
CERCOPAN
In 1994 Tooze founded the Centre for Education, Research and Conservation of Primates and Nature (CERCOPAN) which is a non-profit, non-government organisation based in Cross River State, Nigeria. CERCOPAN is a rehabilitation and conservation project for threatened and endangered forest monkeys. Much of its work involves the rehabilitation of young monkeys orphaned by the trade in bushmeat. The mission of CERCOPAN is to conserve Nigeria's primates through sustainable rainforest conservation, community partnerships, education, primate rehabilitation and research.
The host community of CERCOPAN is Iko Esai which is involved in the collaborative protection of 200 km2 of forest contiguous with the Cross River National Park. At least six species of monkey are involved in the rehabilitation and conservation program, including the endemic Sclater's guenon, Preuss's guenon and red-eared guenon. Following acting as CERCOPAN's Director since 1995, Tooze handed over to a new Director in January 2009, from which time she took on the official title of 'Founder and Trustee', heading up the board of trustees for the UK registered charity which s |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Difference%20list | In computer science, the term difference list refers to a data structure representing a list with an efficient O(1) concatenation operation and conversion to a linked list in time proportional to its length. Difference lists can be implemented using first-class functions or using unification. Whether a difference list is more efficient than another list representations depends on usage patterns. If an algorithm builds a list by concatenating smaller lists, which are themselves built by concatenating still smaller lists, then use of difference lists can improve performance by effectively "flattening" the list building computations.
Implementation using functions
A difference list f is a single-argument function append L, which when given a linked list X as argument, returns a linked list containing L prepended to X. Concatenation of difference lists is implemented as function composition. The contents may be retrieved using f [].
This implementation is typically used in functional programming languages such as Haskell, although it could be used in imperative languages as well.
As functions, difference lists are a Cayley representation of lists as monoids, or more specifically their transformation monoid induced by left multiplication.
Examples of use are in the ShowS type in the Prelude of Haskell, and in Donald Bruce Stewart's difference list library for Haskell.
Implementation using unification
Another implementation in the logic programming language Prolog uses uni |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Complement%20%28group%20theory%29 | In mathematics, especially in the area of algebra known as group theory, a complement of a subgroup H in a group G is a subgroup K of G such that
Equivalently, every element of G has a unique expression as a product hk where h ∈ H and k ∈ K. This relation is symmetrical: if K is a complement of H, then H is a complement of K. Neither H nor K need be a normal subgroup of G.
Properties
Complements need not exist, and if they do they need not be unique. That is, H could have two distinct complements K1 and K2 in G.
If there are several complements of a normal subgroup, then they are necessarily isomorphic to each other and to the quotient group.
If K is a complement of H in G then K forms both a left and right transversal of H. That is, the elements of K form a complete set of representatives of both the left and right cosets of H.
The Schur–Zassenhaus theorem guarantees the existence of complements of normal Hall subgroups of finite groups.
Relation to other products
Complements generalize both the direct product (where the subgroups H and K are normal in G), and the semidirect product (where one of H or K is normal in G). The product corresponding to a general complement is called the internal Zappa–Szép product. When H and K are nontrivial, complement subgroups factor a group into smaller pieces.
Existence
As previously mentioned, complements need not exist.
A p-complement is a complement to a Sylow p-subgroup. Theorems of Frobenius and Thompson describe when a g |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTEXAS | UTEXAS is a slope stability analysis program written by Stephen G. Wright of the University of Texas at Austin. The program is used in the field of civil engineering to analyze levees, earth dams, natural slopes, and anywhere there is concern for mass wasting. UTEXAS finds the factor of safety for the slope and the critical failure surface. Recently the software was used to help determine the reasons behind the failure of I-walls during Hurricane Katrina.
Methodology
UTEXAS uses the limit equilibrium method. The user provides the geometry and shear strength parameters for the slope in question and UTEXAS computes a factor of safety against slope failure. The factor of safety for a candidate failure surface is computed as the forces driving failure along the surface divided by the shear resistance of the soils along the surface.
UTEXAS employs a fast automatic search algorithm to find the failure surface with the lowest factor of safety with respect to shear strength. This is the critical failure surface. Alternatively an arbitrary surface can be entered by the user and UTEXAS can determine the factor of safety associated with it.
The factor of safety for a shear surface is determined using a procedure of slices. Several different procedures exist and the user can choose among them.
Input and output consist of text files. The geologic model is primarily defined using profile lines, which are lines defining the interface between different soil layers. Profile lines are asso |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sylvester%27s%20criterion | In mathematics, Sylvester’s criterion is a necessary and sufficient criterion to determine whether a Hermitian matrix is positive-definite. It is named after James Joseph Sylvester.
Sylvester's criterion states that a n × n Hermitian matrix M is positive-definite if and only if all the following matrices have a positive determinant:
the upper left 1-by-1 corner of M,
the upper left 2-by-2 corner of M,
the upper left 3-by-3 corner of M,
M itself.
In other words, all of the leading principal minors must be positive. By using appropriate permutations of rows and columns of M, it can also be shown that the positivity of any nested sequence of n principal minors of M is equivalent to M being positive-definite.
An analogous theorem holds for characterizing positive-semidefinite Hermitian matrices, except that it is no longer sufficient to consider only the leading principal minors:
a Hermitian matrix M is positive-semidefinite if and only if all principal minors of M are nonnegative.
Simple proof for special case
Suppose is Hermitian matrix . Let be the principal minor matrices, i.e. the upper left corner matrices. It will be shown that if is positive definite, then the principal minors are positive; that is, for all .
is positive definite. Indeed, choosing
we can notice that Equivalently, the eigenvalues of are positive, and this implies that since the determinant is the product of the eigenvalues.
To prove the reverse implication, we use induction. The gen |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classifying%20space%20for%20O%28n%29 | In mathematics, the classifying space for the orthogonal group O(n) may be constructed as the Grassmannian of n-planes in an infinite-dimensional real space .
It is analogous to the classifying space for U(n).
Algebraic topology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katherine%20Hannigan | Katherine Hannigan (born 1962) is a children's and young adults' writer.
Biography
Hannigan was born in Lockport, New York in 1962. She has undergraduate degrees in mathematics, education, and painting, and a Master of Fine Arts in studio art. She has worked as assistant professor of art and design and as an education coordinator for Head Start. She currently lives in a small town in Iowa.
Works
Ida B. (2004)
Emmaline and the Bunny - (2009)
True... (sort of) - (2011)
Dirt + Warter = Mud - (2016)
Awards
2004 Josette Frank Award, Ida B
2004 Mitten Award, Ida B
References
External links
KatherineHannigan.com
Living people
1962 births
21st-century American novelists
American children's writers
American women novelists
American women children's writers
21st-century American women writers
People from Lockport, New York |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karl%20V.%20Teeter | Karl van Duyn Teeter (March 2, 1929 – April 20, 2007) was an American linguist known especially for his work on the Algic languages.
Life and work
Teeter was born in Berkeley, California, to Charles Edwin Teeter, Jr., a college professor of physical chemistry, and Lura May (née Shaffner) Teeter, later in life a college professor in philosophy. Raised in Lexington, Massachusetts, he dropped out of high school and joined the United States Army, where he served as a Supply Sergeant from 1951 to 1954. In 1951, Teeter married Anita Maria Bonacorsi, the daughter of Sicilian immigrants. Sent to Japan to serve in the occupation forces, he became deeply interested in the Japanese language and on returning received a bachelor's degree in Oriental Languages from the University of California at Berkeley. There he continued his studies as a graduate student in linguistics. His dissertation, supervised by Mary Haas, was a description of the soon-to-be-extinct Wiyot language.
Teeter's work on Wiyot not only provided the last and best data for this language, but set the stage for the resolution of the Ritwan controversy. Teeter not only provided crucial data, but recognized many of the correspondences with Algonquian cited by Mary Haas. He later contributed some of the grammatical arguments which, along with those made by his student Ives Goddard, finally settled the question.
With field work on Wiyot no longer possible, Teeter turned his attention to Malecite-Passamaquoddy, a distantly |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kitti%20Thonglongya | Kitti Thonglongya (, October 6, 1928 – February 12, 1974) was an eminent Thai ornithologist and mammalogist. He is probably best known for two discoveries of endangered species.
Life
Thonglongya was born in Bangkok and graduated with a degree in biology from the Chulalongkorn University in Bangkok in 1953. He then worked as a zoologist in a museum set up by the National science society and in 1956 he moved to the Thai Conservation Society. In 1965 he became the curator at the Thai National Reference Collection.
Career
The Kitti's hog-nosed bat, Craseonycteris thonglongyai, the smallest species of bat and the smallest mammal in the world, was found by him in 1973. He died suddenly from a massive heart attack, so the formal description was written by his British colleague, John E. Hill, who named the species in honour of its discoverer. He went on to discover other new bat species, such as the extremely rare Salim Ali's fruit bat, Latidens salimalii, which had been misidentified in an Indian collection.
In the field of ornithology Kitti Thonglongya's best known discovery was of the white-eyed river martin, Pseudochelidon sirintarae, in 1969. This large swallow, whose scientific name commemorates Princess Sirindhorn Thepratanasuda, was found wintering at a lake in central Thailand, but its breeding grounds are unknown. It may now be extinct.
The first two Thai specimens of the Mekong wagtail, Motacilla samveasna, were collected by Kitti Thonglongya in December 1972.
He co-a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret%20Ball%20%28writer%29 | Margaret Elizabeth Ball (born November 7, 1947) is an American author of science fiction, fantasy, and historical novels. Under the pseudonym of Catherine Lyndell, she has also written romance. Ball has a B.A. in mathematics and a Ph.D. in linguistics from the University of Texas. A former Fulbright scholar and UCLA professor, she devotes her time to fabric arts and embeadery. Married with two children, she lives in Austin, Texas.
Bibliography
Tamai Series
Flameweaver (1991)
Changeweaver (1993)
Acorna series (contributor)
Acorna: The Unicorn Girl (1997) (with Anne McCaffrey)
Acorna's Quest (1998) (with Anne McCaffrey)
Brainship series
Partnership (1992) (with Anne McCaffrey)
Brain Ships (omnibus) (2003) (with Mercedes Lackey and Anne McCaffrey)
Chicks in Chainmail series
"Career Day" (1995) in Chicks in Chainmail
Mathemagics: A Chicks in Chainmail Novel (1996)
"Tales from the Slushpile" (1998) in Did You Say Chicks?!
"Fun with Hieroglyphics" (2000) in The Chick is in the Mail
Other works
Novels
The Shadow Gate (1990)
A Bridge to the Sky (1990)
No Earthly Sunne (1994)
Lost in Translation (1995)
Disappearing Act (2004)
Duchess of Aquitaine (2007)
Short stories
External links
Entry at SF Encyclopedia
Entry at Fantastic Fiction
Etsy Profile
20th-century American novelists
21st-century American novelists
American science fiction writers
American women short story writers
American women novelists
Women science fiction and fantasy writers
Universit |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BrownBoost | BrownBoost is a boosting algorithm that may be robust to noisy datasets. BrownBoost is an adaptive version of the boost by majority algorithm. As is true for all boosting algorithms, BrownBoost is used in conjunction with other machine learning methods. BrownBoost was introduced by Yoav Freund in 2001.
Motivation
AdaBoost performs well on a variety of datasets; however, it can be shown that AdaBoost does not perform well on noisy data sets. This is a result of AdaBoost's focus on examples that are repeatedly misclassified. In contrast, BrownBoost effectively "gives up" on examples that are repeatedly misclassified. The core assumption of BrownBoost is that noisy examples will be repeatedly mislabeled by the weak hypotheses and non-noisy examples will be correctly labeled frequently enough to not be "given up on." Thus only noisy examples will be "given up on," whereas non-noisy examples will contribute to the final classifier. In turn, if the final classifier is learned from the non-noisy examples, the generalization error of the final classifier may be much better than if learned from noisy and non-noisy examples.
The user of the algorithm can set the amount of error to be tolerated in the training set. Thus, if the training set is noisy (say 10% of all examples are assumed to be mislabeled), the booster can be told to accept a 10% error rate. Since the noisy examples may be ignored, only the true examples will contribute to the learning process.
Algorithm d |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilbert%20Baumslag | Gilbert Baumslag (April 30, 1933 – October 20, 2014) was a Distinguished Professor at the City College of New York, with joint appointments in mathematics, computer science, and electrical engineering. He was director of the Center for Algorithms and Interactive Scientific Software, which grew out of the MAGNUS computational group theory project he also headed. Baumslag was also the organizer of the New York Group Theory Seminar.
Baumslag graduated from the University of the Witwatersrand in South Africa with a B.Sc. Honours (Masters) and D.Sc. He earned his Ph.D. from the University of Manchester in 1958; his thesis, written under the direction of Bernhard Neumann, was titled Some aspects of groups with unique roots. His contributions include the Baumslag–Solitar groups and parafree groups.
Baumslag was a visiting scholar at the Institute for Advanced Study in 1968–69. In 2012, he became a fellow of the American Mathematical Society.
Works
Gilbert Baumslag, Groups with the same lower central sequence as a relatively free group. I. The groups, Transactions of the American Mathematical Society 129 (1967), 308–321.
Gilbert Baumslag, Groups with the same lower central sequence as a relatively free group. II. Properties, Transactions of the American Mathematical Society 142 (1969), 507–538.
Gilbert Baumslag and Donald Solitar, Some two-generator one-relator non-Hopfian groups, Bulletin of the American Mathematical Society 68 (1962), 199–201.
Notes
External links
Gi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiparallel%20%28biochemistry%29 | In biochemistry, two biopolymers are antiparallel if they run parallel to each other but with opposite directionality (alignments). An example is the two complementary strands of a DNA double helix, which run in opposite directions alongside each other.
Nucleic acids
Nucleic acid molecules have a phosphoryl (5') end and a hydroxyl (3') end. This notation follows from organic chemistry nomenclature, and can be used to define the movement of enzymes such as DNA polymerases relative to the DNA strand in a non-arbitrary manner.
G-quadruplexes
G-quadruplexes, also known as G4 DNA are secondary structures found in nucleic acids that are rich in guanine. These structures are normally located at the telomeres (the ends of the chromosomes). The G-quadruplex can either be parallel or antiparallel depending on the loop configuration, which is a component of the structure. If all the DNA strands run in the same direction, it is termed to be a parallel quadruplex, and is known as a strand-reversal/propeller, connecting adjacent parallel strands. If one or more of the DNA strands run in opposite direction, it is termed as an anti-parallel quadruplex, and can either be in a form of a lateral/edgewise, connecting adjacent anti-parallel strands, or a diagonal, joining two diagonally opposite strands. The structure of these G-quadruplexes can be determined by a cation.
DNA replication
In DNA, the 5' carbon is located at the top of the leading strand, and the 3' carbon is located at the l |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CONWIP | CONWIP (CONstant work in process) are pull-oriented production control systems. Such systems can be classified as pull and push systems (Spearman et al. 1990). In a push system, the production order is scheduled, and the material is pushed into the production line. In a pull system, the start of each product assembly process is triggered by the completion of another at the end of production line. This pull-variant is known for its ease of implementation.
CONWIP is a kind of single-stage kanban system and is also a hybrid push-pull system. While kanban systems maintain tighter control of system WIP through the individual cards at each workstation, CONWIP systems are easier to implement and adjust, since only one set of system cards is used to manage system WIP. CONWIP uses cards to control the number of WIPs. For example, no part is allowed to enter the system without a card (authority). After a finished part is completed at the last workstation, a card is transferred to the first workstation and a new part is pushed into the sequential process route. In their paper, Spearman et al. (1990) used a simulation to make a comparison among the CONWIP, kanban and push systems, and found that CONWIP systems can achieve a lower WIP level than kanban systems.
Card control policy
In a CONWIP system, a card is shared by all kinds of products. However, Duenyas (1994) proposed a dedicated card control policy in CONWIP and he stated that this policy could perform as a multiple chain clo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prodigal%20Genius | Prodigal Genius: The Life of Nikola Tesla () is a 1944 book by John Joseph O'Neill detailing the life of Nikola Tesla.
Overview
Written by Pulitzer Prize-winning author John J. O'Neill, the life of Nikola Tesla details the life of a pioneer in electrical engineering. O'Neill was a close friend of Tesla, whom he had met as a boy and remained in contact with.
The book covers, among other topics, the story of Tesla's father's inspiration for his career in engineering, shows his theories of electricity that went against the scientific establishment, explores the friendships of Tesla, investigates the story of Tesla's lost Nobel Prize, and explains Tesla's investigations of the paranormal.
References
External links
Prodigal Genius, rastko.org.yu.
1944 non-fiction books
Books about Nikola Tesla
American biographies |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margaret%20Jope | Margaret Jope (1913–2004) was a Scottish biochemist, born Henrietta Margaret Halliday in Peterhead, Scotland. She carried out research into brachiopods.
Biography
She took her degree in chemistry at the University of Aberdeen, and her DPhil at Somerville College, Oxford. She met her future husband Martyn Jope while working at the Dyson Perrins Laboratory at University of Oxford. After their marriage she accompanied him to Belfast, where he later became Professor of Archaeology at Queen's University.
Margaret continued her research while at Belfast, in the Geology Department, where she worked primarily on brachiopods, especially on their shell protein. Her other research interests included the crystallisation of haemoglobin, and working with Martyn, made studies of animal bones, especially bird bones, at archaeological sites mainly in Northern Ireland and Oxfordshire.
Papers on brachiopods
H M Jope, "Composition of Brachiopod Shell", "Treatise on Invertebrate Palaeontology", ed. R C Moore, Brachiopoda, vol H, University of Kansas Press?, 1965, p H156–H164.
H M Jope, "The Protein of Brachiopod Shell I: Amino acid composition and implied protein taxonomy", Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 20 (1967), p 593–600.
H M Jope, "The protein of Brachiopod Shell II: Shell protein from fossil articulates: amino acid composition", Comp. Biochem. Physiol., 20 (1967), p 601–605.
H M Jope, "The Protein of Brachiopod Shell III: Comparison with structural protein of soft tissue", Comp. Bioch |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serine%20racemase | Serine racemase (SR, ) is the first racemase enzyme in human biology to be identified. This enzyme converts L-serine to its enantiomer form, D-serine. D-serine acts as a neuronal signaling molecule by activating NMDA receptors in the brain.
Since NMDA receptors Dysfunction has been suggested as one of the promising hypotheses for the pathophysiology of schizophrenia, it has been shown that underexpression of this enzyme is an indicator, especially for the paranoid subtype. Treatment of schizophrenia with D-serine has been shown to play some role in ameliorating some symptoms.
In humans, the serine racemase protein is encoded by the SRR gene. Serine racemase may have evolved from L-thre-hydroxyaspartate (L-THA) eliminase and served as the precursor to aspartate racemase.
Mammalian serine racemase is a pyridoxal 5'-phosphate dependent enzyme that catalyzes both the racemization of L-serine to D-serine and also the elimination of water from L-serine, generating pyruvate and ammonia through the β-elimination of L-serine. This makes serine a known bifurcating enzyme. The β-elimination pathway is thought to serve as a bleed valve that allows local stores of L-serine to be diverted away from D-serine as a means of muting the D-serine signaling pathway. The canonical tetraglycine loop that serves as a PLP phosphate binding pocket includes the active residues being F55, K56, G185, G186, G187, G188, and S313.
The enzyme is physiologically stimulated by divalent cations (e.g., magne |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Melissa%20J.%20Kelly | Melissa J. Kelly (born December 28, 1962) was appointed in 2001 to represent District 9B, which covers a portion of Baltimore County, Maryland.
Education
Kelly attended Towson State University, where she earned a B.S. degree in biology with honors in 1987.
Career
Kelly was employed as a biology teacher by Towson Catholic High School. In August 2001, her husband James M. Kelly resigned from the Maryland House of Delegates to join the George W. Bush administration. She was appointed to complete his unexpired term, but resigned in January 2002. Emil B. Pielke was then appointed to complete the remainder of her husband's unexpired term.
References
1962 births
Living people
People from Silver Spring, Maryland
Catholics from Maryland
Towson University alumni
Schoolteachers from Maryland
Republican Party members of the Maryland House of Delegates |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Mingos | David Michael Patrick Mingos, FRS (born 6 August 1944) is a British chemist and academic. He was Principal of St Edmund Hall, Oxford from 1999 to 2009, and Professor of Inorganic Chemistry at the University of Oxford.
Education
Mingos attended the Harvey Grammar School, King Edward VII School Lytham St Anne's, University of Manchester Institute of Science and Technology (Chemistry Department Prize 1963, BSc First Class 1965, Hon DSc 2000), and the University of Sussex (DPhil 1968, and Hon DSc 2001).
Career
Mingos undertook postdoctoral research at Northwestern University (Fulbright Fellow 1968–70) and at the University of Sussex (ICI Fellow 1970–71). From 1971 until 1976 he was a Lecturer at Queen Mary, University of London. He then moved to the University of Oxford as Fellow and Tutor at Keble College and University Lecturer. From 1977 until 1992 he was also Lecturer at Pembroke College, Oxford.
In 1978, Mingos, Stephen G. Davies and Malcolm Green compiled a set of rules that summarise where nucleophilic additions will occur on pi ligands.
Mingos' 1984 paper on the polyhedral skeletal electron pair theory develops Wade's electron counting rules for predicting the molecular geometry of cluster compounds.
In 1990 he was appointed Reader in Inorganic Chemistry and for the academic year 1991/92 he served as Assessor. From 1992 until 1999 he worked at Imperial College London as Sir Edward Frankland British Petroleum Professor of Inorganic Chemistry (1992–99) and Dean of the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rachna%20Gilmore | Rachna Gilmore (11 October 1953 – 1 February 2021) was a Canadian children's writer. Her picture book A Screaming Kind of Day won the 1999 Governor General's Award for Children's Literature.
Life and career
Born in India in October 1953, Gilmore emigrated from New Delhi to London as a teenager and studied biology at University of London. After emigrating to Canada in the mid-1970s, she studied education of the University of Prince Edward Island. In 1990 Gilmore and her family moved to Ottawa. She wrote literature for children and young adults, mainly, but also fiction for adults.
Gilmore died in February 2021, at the age of 67.
Works
Picture books
My Mother is Weird (1988)
When I Was A Little Girl (1989)
Jane's Loud Mouth (1990)
Aunt Fred is a Witch (1991)
Lights for Gita (1994)
Roses for Gita (1996)
Wild Rilla (1997)
A Gift for Gita (1998)
A Screaming Kind of Day (1999)
Grandpa's Clock (2006)
Making Grizzle Grow (2007)
Catching Time (2010)
The Flute (2011)
Children's novels
A Friend Like Zilla (1995)
Mina's Spring of Colors (2000)
A Group of One (2001)
The Sower of Tales (2005)
The Trouble With Dilly (2009)
That Boy Red (2011)
Early readers
Ellen's Terrible TV Trouble (1999)
Fangs and Me (1999)
Non-fiction
Snapshots From The Fringes (2010)
Adult fiction
Of Customs and Excise (1991, under pseudonym Rachna Mara)
References
External links
Author profile
Jenkins, David Profile
Author interview at BookReviewsAndMore.ca
1953 births
2021 deaths |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Technological%20University%20%E2%80%93%20Paran%C3%A1%20Regional%20Faculty | The National Technological University – Paraná Regional Faculty or FRP (CastilianUniversidad Tecnológica Nacional(UTN-FRP)) is one of the universities of the National Technological University (UTN). It is located in Paraná, Argentina, and it offers academic degrees on the following subjects:
Electronic Engineering
Civil Engineering
Electromechanical Engineering
See also
UTN
External links
Parana
Engineering universities and colleges in Argentina
Technical universities and colleges in Argentina |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemin | Hemin (haemin; ferric chloride heme) is an iron-containing porphyrin with chlorine that can be formed from a heme group, such as heme B found in the hemoglobin of human blood.
Chemistry
Hemin is protoporphyrin IX containing a ferric iron (Fe3+) ion with a coordinating chloride ligand.
Chemically, hemin differs from the related heme-compound hematin chiefly in that the coordinating ion is a chloride ion in hemin, whereas the coordinating ion is a hydroxide ion in hematin. The iron ion in haem is ferrous (Fe2+), whereas it is ferric (Fe3+) in both hemin and hematin.
Hemin is endogenously produced in the human body, for example during the turnover of old red blood cells. It can form inappropriately as a result of hemolysis or vascular injury. Several proteins in human blood bind to hemin, such as hemopexin and serum albumin.
Pharmacological use
A lyophilised form of hemin is used as a pharmacological agent in certain cases for the treatment of porphyria attacks, particularly in acute intermittent porphyria. Administration of hemin can reduce heme deficits in such patients, thereby suppressing the activity of delta-amino-levulinic acid synthase (a key enzyme in the synthesis of the porphyrins) by biochemical feedback, which in turn reduces the production of porphyrins and of the toxic precursors of heme. In such pharmacological contexts, hemin is typically formulated with human albumin prior to administration by a medical professional, to reduce the risk of phlebitis and t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rainer%20N%C3%B5lvak | Rainer Nõlvak (born September 28, 1966) is an Estonian entrepreneur and nature protector who is the Chairman of the Board of the Estonian Nature Fund.
Rainer Nõlvak has advocated for the Estonian energy industry to move away from oil shale
and move towards renewable energy systems. He has published the "Green Energy" program.
He was among the organizers of Let's Do It 2008, a civic action with 50,000 volunteers participating in cleaning up the countryside of Estonia in one day. Because of this he received the 2008 Estonian Volunteer of the Year national award. The movement has initiated the global Let's Do It! World action.
He founded the following companies: Microlink Baltics, Curonia Research, Celecure.
He was awarded the title of Citizen of the Year in 2008 and the Order of the White Star 3rd Class of Estonia in 2014.
References
External links
Estonian businesspeople
Living people
Estonian environmentalists
Recipients of the Order of the White Star, 3rd Class
1966 births |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary%20measure | In mathematics, the secondary measure associated with a measure of positive density ρ when there is one, is a measure of positive density μ, turning the secondary polynomials associated with the orthogonal polynomials for ρ into an orthogonal system.
Introduction
Under certain assumptions that we will specify further, it is possible to obtain the existence of a secondary measure and even to express it.
For example, if one works in the Hilbert space L2([0, 1], R, ρ)
with
in the general case, or:
when ρ satisfies a Lipschitz condition.
This application φ is called the reducer of ρ.
More generally, μ et ρ are linked by their Stieltjes transformation with the following formula:
in which c1 is the moment of order 1 of the measure ρ.
These secondary measures, and the theory around them, lead to some surprising results, and make it possible to find in an elegant way quite a few traditional formulas of analysis, mainly around the Euler Gamma function, Riemann Zeta function, and Euler's constant.
They also allowed the clarification of integrals and series with a tremendous effectiveness, though it is a priori difficult.
Finally they make it possible to solve integral equations of the form
where g is the unknown function, and lead to theorems of convergence towards the Chebyshev and Dirac measures.
The broad outlines of the theory
Let ρ be a measure of positive density on an interval I and admitting moments of any order. We can build a family {Pn} of ort |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lyubomir%20Ivanov%20%28explorer%29 | Lyubomir Ivanov (, born 7 October 1952 in Sofia) is a Bulgarian scientist, non-governmental activist, and Antarctic explorer. He is a graduate of the St. Kliment Ohridski University of Sofia with M.S. degree in mathematics in 1977, earned his PhD from Sofia University in 1980 under the direction of Dimiter Skordev, with a dissertation titled Iterative Operative Spaces, and was the 1987 winner of Acad. Nikola Obreshkov Prize, the highest Bulgarian award in mathematics.
Academic and NGO work
Appointed head of the Department of Mathematical Logic at the Institute of Mathematics and Informatics, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences in 1990, Ivanov has since helped found the Atlantic Club of Bulgaria, in which he held the position of chairman from 2001 to 2009. In 1994 he founded the Manfred Wörner Foundation, an organisation dedicated to trans-atlantic co-operation. Member of the Streit Council Advisory Board, Washington, DC since 2006. Founding Chairman, Antarctic Place-names Commission since 1994. He authored the modern Bulgarian system for Romanization of Cyrillic alphabet, adopted also for official use both by UN, and by the US and UK.
In the course of his work for, among others, the Atlantic Club of Bulgaria, Ivanov has given interviews to various news outlets, at times espousing views that NATO must expand eastwards due to a deficit in its military capacity.
Political career
Ivanov was a member of the UDF Coordinating Council and took part in the 1990 Bulgarian Round Table Ta |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tokamak%20%28disambiguation%29 | Tokamak can refer to:
Tokamak, a fusion reactor device
Tokamak de Fontenay aux Roses, the first French tokamak
Tokamak (software), an open-source physics engine
Tokamak, a fictional supervillain for DC Comics
See also
Tokmak (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Baumgardner | John R. Baumgardner is an American young earth creationist and geophysicist.
Biography
Baumgardner earned a B.S. from Texas Tech University in 1968, a M.S. from Princeton University in 1970, and a Ph.D. in geophysics and space physics from the University of California at Los Angeles in 1983. He worked at the Los Alamos National Laboratory and in 2002 joined the staff of the Institute for Creation Research. As a professional scientist, Baumgardner is known for developing TERRA, a finite element code designed to solve problems in mantle convection. In 1994 he presented research at a geophysics conference stating that the slip-sliding geologic plates that cover the Earth might once have moved thousands of times faster than they do today. In 1997, U.S. News & World Report described him as "the world's pre-eminent expert in the design of computer models for geophysical convection".
Baumgardner is a Christian who sometimes pursues creationist research. He has, for example, created a computer simulation called Terra to model the Noachian flood.
In 1985, Baumgardner joined the amateur adventurer Ron Wyatt and salvage expert David Fasold to Durupınar, Turkey, for an expedition recounted in Fasold's The Ark of Noah to locate the biblical ship's remains. Baumgardner did not support Wyatt's and Fasold's claims to have found a boat-shaped 'object' which was the Ark. He argued that the object was a natural formation.
Select publications
According to Web of Science, he has published 20 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gordon%20Cormack | Gordon Villy Cormack is a professor in the David R. Cheriton School of Computer Science at the University of Waterloo and co-inventor of Dynamic Markov Compression.
Cormack's research with Maura R. Grossman has been cited in cases of first impression in United States, Ireland, and (by reference) United Kingdom approving the use of technology-assisted review in civil litigation.
Since 2001, he has been a program committee member of The Text Retrieval Conference (TREC). He was a coordinator of the TREC Total Recall Track (2015 - 2016), as well as the TREC Legal Track (2010 - 2011), and the TREC Spam Track (2005 - 2007). Cormack is past president of the Conference on Email and Anti-Spam.
From 1997 through 2010, Cormack coached Waterloo's ACM International Collegiate Programming Contest team, qualifying for the World Finals every year, winning the World Championship in 1999, and the North American Championship in 1998 and 2000.
Cormack was a member of the International Olympiad in Informatics Scientific Committee from 2004 - 2011 and was the scientific director of IOI 2010 in Waterloo, Ontario.
Cormack received his B.Sc., M.Sc., and Ph.D. in computer science from University of Manitoba in 1977, 1978, and 1981, and was a faculty member in the McGill University School of Computer Science (1981 - 1983) before joining University of Waterloo in 1983.
See also
List of University of Waterloo people
References
External links
Cormack's homepage
Academic staff of the University o |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bromoacetic%20acid | Bromoacetic acid is the chemical compound with the formula CH2BrCO2H. This colorless solid is a relatively strong alkylating agent. Bromoacetic acid and its esters are widely used building blocks in organic synthesis, for example, in pharmaceutical chemistry.
The compound is prepared by bromination of acetic acid, such as by a Hell–Volhard–Zelinsky reaction or using other reagents.
CH3CO2H + Br2 → CH2BrCO2H + HBr
See also
Acetic acid
Chloroacetic acid
Ethyl bromoacetate
References
External links
The microwave spectrum of bromoacetic acid
Entry at chemicalland21.com
Alkylating agents
Acetic acids
Organobromides |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20energy | The word energy derives from Greek (), which appears for the first time in the 4th century BCE works of Aristotle (OUP V, 240, 1991) (including Physics, Metaphysics, Nicomachean Ethics and De Anima).
The modern concept of energy emerged from the idea of vis viva (living force), which Leibniz defined as the product of the mass of an object and its velocity squared, he believed that total vis viva was conserved. To account for slowing due to friction, Leibniz claimed that heat consisted of the random motion of the constituent parts of matter — a view described by Bacon in Novum Organon to illustrate inductive reasoning and shared by Isaac Newton, although it would be more than a century until this was generally accepted.
Émilie marquise du Châtelet in her book Institutions de Physique ("Lessons in Physics"), published in 1740, incorporated the idea of Leibniz with practical observations of Gravesande to show that the "quantity of motion" of a moving object is proportional to its mass and its velocity squared (not the velocity itself as Newton taught—what was later called momentum).
In 1802 lectures to the Royal Society, Thomas Young was the first to use the term energy in its modern sense, instead of vis viva. In the 1807 publication of those lectures, he wrote,
Gustave-Gaspard Coriolis described "kinetic energy" in 1829 in its modern sense, and in 1853, William Rankine coined the term "potential energy."
It was argued for some years whether energy was a substance (the ca |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas%20Tech%20University%20College%20of%20Arts%20%26%20Sciences | The Texas Tech University College of Arts & Sciences was founded in 1925 as one of Texas Tech University's four original colleges. With 16 departments, the college offers a wide variety of courses and programs in the humanities, social and behavioral sciences, mathematics and natural sciences. Students can choose from 41 bachelor's degree programs, 34 master's degrees and 14 doctoral programs. With over 10,000 students (8,500 undergraduate and 1,200 graduate) enrolled, the College of Arts & Sciences is the largest college on the Texas Tech University campus.
Academic departments
Biological Sciences
Chemistry and Biochemistry
Classical and Modern Languages and Literatures
Economics
English
Environmental Toxicology
General Studies Program
Geosciences
Kinesiology, and Sport Management
History
Mathematics and Statistics
Philosophy
Physics
Political Science
Psychology
Sociology, Anthropology, and Social Work
Research centers
Center for Chemical Biology
Center for Environmental Radiation Studies
Center for Geospatial Technology
The Center for the Integration of STEM Education & Research (CISER)
Center for Public Service
Climate Science Center
College of Arts & Sciences Microscopy
Institute for Forensic Science
Institute for Peace and Conflict
Institute for Studies in Pragmaticism
The Institute of Environmental & Human Health
Medieval & Renaissance Studies Center
Texas Tech Population Center
Notable people
Alumni
Faculty
Gallery
References
External links
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polymer%20blend | In materials science, a polymer blend, or polymer mixture, is a member of a class of materials analogous to metal alloys, in which at least two polymers are blended together to create a new material with different physical properties.
History
During the 1940s, '50s and '60s, the commercial development of new monomers for production of new polymers seemed endless. In this period, it was discovered that the development of the new techniques for the modification of the already existing polymers, would be economically viable.
The first technique of modification developed was the polymerization, in other words, the joint polymerization of more than one kind of polymer.
A new polymers modification process, based on a simple mechanical mixture of two polymers first appeared when Thomas Hancock got one mixture of natural rubber with gutta-percha. This process generated a new polymer class called "polymer blends".
Basic concepts
Polymer blends can be broadly divided into three categories:
immiscible polymer blends (heterogeneous polymer blends): This is by far the most populous group. If the blend is made of two polymers, two glass transition temperatures will be observed.
compatible polymer blends: Immiscible polymer blend that exhibits macroscopically uniform physical properties. The macroscopically uniform properties are usually caused by sufficiently strong interactions between the component polymers.
miscible polymer blends (homogeneous polymer blend): Polymer blend that i |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylic%20acid | 1-Pyrroline-5-carboxylic acid (systematic name 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrole-2-carboxylic acid) is a cyclic imino acid. Its conjugate base and anion is 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (P5C). In solution, P5C is in spontaneous equilibrium with glutamate-5-semialdhyde (GSA).
Biochemistry
The stereoisomer (S)-1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate (also referred to as L-P5C) is an intermediate metabolite in the biosynthesis and degradation of proline and arginine.
In prokaryotic proline biosynthesis, GSA is synthesized from γ-glutamyl phosphate by the enzyme γ-glutamyl phosphate reductase. In most eukaryotes, GSA is synthesised from the amino acid glutamate by the bifunctional enzyme 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate synthase (P5CS). The human P5CS is encoded by the ALDH18A1 gene. The enzyme pyrroline-5-carboxylate reductase converts P5C into proline
In proline degradation, the enzyme proline dehydrogenase produces P5C from proline, and the enzyme 1-pyrroline-5-carboxylate dehydrogenase converts GSA to glutamate. In many prokaryotes, proline dehydrogenase and P5C dehydrogenase form a bifunctional enzyme that prevents the release of P5C during proline degradation. In arginine degradation, the enzyme ornithine-δ-aminotransferase mediates the transamination between ornithine and a 2-oxo acid (typically α-ketoglutarate) to form P5C and an L-amino acid (typically glutamate). Under specific conditions, P5C may also be used for arginine biosynthesis via the reverse reaction of ornithine-δ-aminotransferase.
Referenc |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saccharopine%20dehydrogenase | In molecular biology, the protein domain Saccharopine dehydrogenase (SDH), also named Saccharopine reductase, is an enzyme involved in the metabolism of the amino acid lysine, via an intermediate substance called saccharopine. The Saccharopine dehydrogenase enzyme can be classified under , , , and . It has an important function in lysine metabolism and catalyses a reaction in the alpha-Aminoadipic acid pathway. This pathway is unique to fungal organisms therefore, this molecule could be useful in the search for new antibiotics. This protein family also includes saccharopine dehydrogenase and homospermidine synthase. It is found in prokaryotes, eukaryotes and archaea.
Function
Simplistically, SDH uses NAD+ as an oxidant to catalyse the reversible pyridine nucleotide dependent oxidative deamination of the substrate, Saccharopine, in order to form the products, lysine and alpha-ketoglutarate.
This can be described by the following equation:
SDH
Saccharopine ⇌ lysine + alpha-ketoglutarate
Saccharopine dehydrogenase EC catalyses the condensation to of l-alpha-aminoadipate-delta-semialdehyde (AASA) with l-glutamate to give an imine, which is reduced by NADPH to give saccharopine. In some organisms this enzyme is found as a bifunctional polypeptide with lysine ketoglutarate reductase (PF).
Homospermidine synthase proteins (EC). Homospermidine synthase (HSS) catalyses the synthesis of the polyamine homospermidine from 2 mol putrescine in an NAD+-dependent reaction.
Structu |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christian%20Wurstisen | Christian Wurstisen () (23 December 1544 – 29 March 1588) was a mathematician, theologian, historian from Basel. His name is also given as Wursteisen, Wurzticius, Ursticius, Urstisius, or Urstis.
Life
In 1565, he became professor of mathematics at the Basel University, and in 1585 professor of theology. The next year, the city magistrate appointed him to the academy as a town historian, a position he held until his death. He was buried in Münster.
The second edition of Nicolaus Copernicus's De revolutionibus orbium coelestium had been printed in Basel. Wurstisen is credited to have first introduced Copernicus' work to Galileo Galilei, while Galilei's adoption of heliocentrism was often attributed to Michael Maestlin. Christian Wurstisen is mentioned by name in Galileo's Dialogue. This attribution has been challenged, however, and another similarly named man, Christopher Wursteisen, has been credited with introducing Copernicus's theories to Padua.
His mathematical book Elementa arithmeticae was read by John Milton and the Hungarian philosopher Andreas Dudith.
In his chronicle of Basel from 1580, Wurstisen named the heraldic tinctures after the initials of the given colours, a principle called tricking. Painter Gregorius Sickinger (1558-?) from Solothurn illustrated it.<ref>Wurstisen, Christian, 1544-1628. Bassler Chronik darinn alles was in oberen Teutsche Landen/ nicht nur in der Stadt und Bistumbe Basel...., 1. Auflage 1 Band. Basel Henric Petri um 1580 4° 655 Seiten |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio%20Mill%C3%A1n-Puelles | Antonio Millán-Puelles (February 11, 1921 – March 22, 2005) was a Spanish philosopher interested in phenomenology and metaphysics, who published many books and articles. He discovered his vocation to philosophy when he read Husserl’s Logical Investigations and abandoned the medical studies he had just begun.
His preferred topics were the relationship between conscience and subjectivity, the value of freedom, the ideal and the unreal being, and the rapport between metaphysics and logic. "The properly and refreshing philosophical attitude of the author is precisely made evident by the fact that he is open to the truth regardless of who stayed it. He is close to the phenomena and data of experience and analyzes them carefully and without a trace of reductionism and constructivism".
Publications
Among his most important books there are:
“El problema del ente ideal” (The Problem of the Ideal Being. A study of Hartmann and Husserl, doctoral dissertation; 1947);
“Ontología de la existencia histórica” (The Ontology of Historical Existence, 1951);
“Fundamentos de Filosofía” (Fundamentals of Philosophy, 1958), ;
“La claridad en Filosofía y otros estudios” (Clarity in Philosophy and Other Essays, 1958);
“La función social de los saberes liberales” (The Social Function of the Humanities, 1961);
“Persona humana y justicia social” (The Human Person and Social Justice, 1961), ;
“La formación de la personalidad humana” (The Development of Human Personality, 1963), ;
“La estructura de la su |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chemical%20probe | In the field of chemical biology, a chemical probe is a small molecule that is used to study and manipulate a biological system such as a cell or an organism by reversibly binding to and altering the function of a biological target (most commonly a protein) within that system. Probes ideally have a high affinity and binding selectivity for one protein target as well as high efficacy. By changing the phenotype of the cell, a molecular probe can be used to determine the function of the protein with which it interacts.
See also
Chemical Probes Portal
References
Chemical biology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LCP%20theory | In chemistry, ligand close packing theory (LCP theory), sometimes called the ligand close packing model describes how ligand – ligand repulsions affect the geometry around a central atom. It has been developed by R. J. Gillespie and others from 1997 onwards and is said to sit alongside VSEPR which was originally developed by R. J. Gillespie and R Nyholm. The inter-ligand distances in a wide range of molecules have been determined. The example below shows a series of related molecules:
The consistency of the interligand distances (F-F and O-F) in the above molecules is striking and this phenomenon is repeated across a wide range of molecules and forms the basis for LCP theory.
Ligand radius
From a study of known structural data a series of inter-ligand distances has been determined and it has been found that there is a constant inter-ligand radius for a given central atom. The table below shows the inter-ligand radius (pm) for some of the period 2 elements:
The ligand radius should not be confused with the ionic radius.
Treatment of lone pairs
In LCP theory a lone pair is treated as a ligand. Gillespie terms the lone pair a lone pair domain and states that these lone pair domains push the ligands together until they reach the interligand distance predicted by the relevant inter-ligand radii. An example demonstrating this is shown below, where the F-F distance is the same in the AF3 and AF4+ species :
LCP and VSEPR
LCP and VSEPR make very similar predictions as to geome |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High%20Altitude%20Observatory | The High Altitude Observatory (HAO) conducts research and provides support and facilities for the solar-terrestrial physics research community in the areas of solar and heliospheric physics, and the effects of solar variability on the Earth's magnetosphere, ionosphere, and upper atmosphere.
HAO is a laboratory of the National Center for Atmospheric Research (NCAR). NCAR is managed by the University Corporation for Atmospheric Research (UCAR), and receives substantial funding from the National Science Foundation (NSF).
Mission and vision
HAO's mission is to understand the behavior of the Sun and its impact on the Earth, to support, enhance, and extend the capabilities of the university community and the broader scientific community, nationally and internationally, and to foster the transfer of knowledge and technology. As articulated in its Strategic Plan for 2011–2015, HAO's vision is to: Perform world-leading science to understand fundamentally and with predictive capability the sources and nature of solar and geospace variability; Provide scientific leadership and facilities to serve the wider community in common pursuit of these science objectives, and both support and benefit from the NCAR community; Support the education and training of early-career researchers in solar-terrestrial physics and instrumentation; and Provide advocacy for solar-terrestrial physics, promoting its results, and articulating its societal importance, to the rest of NCAR, the NSF, the universi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erich%20Jarvis | Erich Jarvis is an American professor at Rockefeller University. He leads a team of researchers who study the neurobiology of vocal learning, a critical behavioral substrate for spoken language. The animal models he studies include songbirds, parrots, and hummingbirds. Like humans, these bird groups have the ability to learn new sounds and pass on their vocal repertoires culturally, from one generation to the next. Jarvis focuses on the molecular pathways involved in the perception and production of learned vocalizations, and the development of brain circuits for vocal learning.
In 2002, the National Science Foundation awarded Jarvis its highest honor for a young researcher, the Alan T. Waterman Award. In 2005 he was awarded the National Institutes of Health Director's Pioneer Award providing funding for five years to researchers pursuing innovative approaches to biomedical research. In 2008, Jarvis was selected to the prestigious position of Investigator for the Howard Hughes Medical Institute.
Life and career
Erich Jarvis was born in Harlem, New York in 1965. Jarvis was one of four children of Sasha McCall, a gospel singer, and James Jarvis, a musician and amateur scientist. Since the age of six, he was primarily raised by his mother, after his parents divorced in 1970. Jarvis credits his family, and primarily his father's mind and enthusiasm for science, for his interest in biology. His father had drug-induced schizophrenia and was homeless, living in various parks, pri |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friday%20Harbor%20Laboratories | Friday Harbor Laboratories (FHL), is a marine biology field station of the University of Washington, located in Friday Harbor, San Juan Island, Washington, United States. Friday Harbor Labs is known for its intensive summer classes offered to competitive graduate students from around the world in fields of marine biology and other marine sciences.
Autumn and spring academic terms include courses designed for advanced undergraduates as well as graduate students; most spring and fall classes run 10 weeks and feature an original research component. In addition to serving students, Friday Harbor Laboratories has a small resident scientific staff and offers year-round laboratory, library, and housing accommodations for visiting researchers and their families. Research areas include marine algae, marine conservation biology, marine invertebrate zoology, comparative invertebrate embryology, experimental and field approaches in biology and paleontology, functional morphology and ecology of marine fishes, invertebrate larval ecology, and other current topics in marine science and oceanography.
FHL was founded in 1904 by University of Washington Zoology Professor Trevor Kincaid, who became its first director. The Green fluorescent protein was discovered at FHL in 1962. There is a sculpture by Julian Voss-Andreae at the campus to commemorate the discovery.
In 2004, zoologist Patricia Louise Dudley, who had spent many summers at the Laboratory, created an endowment to support "researc |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z12%20small%20nucleolar%20RNA | In molecular biology, Z12 small nucleolar RNA is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
Z12 snoRNA belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
References
External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Z30%20small%20nucleolar%20RNA | In molecular biology, Z30 small nucleolar RNA, also known as SNORD7, is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the modification of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is usually located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a guide RNA.
Z30 snoRNA belongs to the C/D box class of snoRNAs which contain the conserved sequence motifs known as the C box (UGAUGA) and the D box (CUGA). Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs.
References
External links
SNORD7 entry at snoRNAbase
SNORD7 at HGNC
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORA64/SNORA10%20family | In molecular biology, small nucleolar RNA SNORA10 and small nuclear RNA SNORA64 are homologous members of the H/ACA class of small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA). This family of ncRNAs involved in the maturation of ribosomal RNA.
snoRNA in this family act as guides in the modification of uridines to pseudouridines. This family includes the human snoRNAs U64 and ACA10 and mouse MBI-29.
References
External links
Link to the snoRNAbase entry for SNORA10
Link to the snoRNAbase entry for SNORA64
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20SNORD12/SNORD106 | In molecular biology, the small nucleolar RNAs SNORD106 and SNORD12 (also known as U106 and HBII-99 respectively ) are two related snoRNAs which belongs to the C/D class of small nucleolar RNAs (snoRNAs). Both contain the conserved C (UGAUGA) and D (CUGA) box sequence motifs
Human SNORD12 (HBII-99) is the homologue of mouse snoRNA MBII-99. In humans both HB11-99 and U106 snoRNAs share the same host gene.
Most of the members of the box C/D family function in directing site-specific 2'-O-methylation of substrate RNAs. HBII-99 is predicted to guide the 2'O-ribose methylation of 28S rRNA G3878. U106 contains conserved antisense elements which would predict U106 methylates residues G1536 and U1602 of 18S rRNA. However, these targets do not appear to be methylated and U106 might function as an RNA chaperone during rRNA folding. A similar role has been suggested for the H/ACA snoRNAs U17a and U17b
References
External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small%20nucleolar%20RNA%20SNORA70 | In molecular biology, Small nucleolar RNA SNORA70 (also known as U70) is a non-coding RNA (ncRNA) molecule which functions in the biogenesis (modification) of other small nuclear RNAs (snRNAs). This type of modifying RNA is located in the nucleolus of the eukaryotic cell which is a major site of snRNA biogenesis. It is known as a small nucleolar RNA (snoRNA) and also often referred to as a "guide RNA".
ACA70 was originally cloned from HeLa cells and belongs to the H/ACA box class of snoRNAs as it has the predicted hairpin-hinge-hairpin-tail structure, has the conserved H/ACA-box motifs and is found associated with GAR1 protein. snoRNA ACA70 is predicted to guide the pseudouridylation of U1692 of 18S ribosomal RNA (rRNA). Pseudouridylation is the (isomerisation of the nucleoside uridine) to the different isomeric form pseudouridine.
References
External links
Small nuclear RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hopfian%20group | In mathematics, a Hopfian group is a group G for which every epimorphism
G → G
is an isomorphism. Equivalently, a group is Hopfian if and only if it is not isomorphic to any of its proper quotients. A group G is co-Hopfian if every monomorphism
G → G
is an isomorphism. Equivalently, G is not isomorphic to any of its proper subgroups.
Examples of Hopfian groups
Every finite group, by an elementary counting argument.
More generally, every polycyclic-by-finite group.
Any finitely generated free group.
The group Q of rationals.
Any finitely generated residually finite group.
Any word-hyperbolic group.
Examples of non-Hopfian groups
Quasicyclic groups.
The group R of real numbers.
The Baumslag–Solitar group B(2,3).
Properties
It was shown by that it is an undecidable problem to determine, given a finite presentation of a group, whether the group is Hopfian. Unlike the undecidability of many properties of groups this is not a consequence of the Adian–Rabin theorem, because Hopficity is not a Markov property, as was shown by .
References
External links
Non-Hopf group in the Encyclopedia of Mathematics
Infinite group theory
Properties of groups |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SedDB | SedDB was created as an online data management and information system for sediment geochemistry.
SedDB is based on a relational database that contains the full range of analytical values for sediment samples, primarily from marine sediment cores, including major and trace element concentrations, radiogenic and stable isotope ratios, and data for all types of material such as organic and inorganic components, leachates, and size fractions. SedDB also archives a vast array of metadata relating to the individual sample. Examples of Seddb metadata are: sample latitude and longitude; elevation below sea surface; material analyzed; analytical methodology; analytical precision and reference standard measurements. As of April, 2013 SedDB contains nearly 750,000 individual analytical data points of 104,000 samples. SedDB contents have been migrated to The EarthChem Portal.
Purpose
SedDB was developed to complement current geological data systems (PetDB, EarthChem, NavDat and Georoc) with an integrated and easily accessible compilation of geochemical data of marine and continental sediments to be utilized for sedimentological, geochemical, petrological, oceanographic, and paleoclimate research, as well as for educational purposes.
Funding and management
SedDB was developed, operated and maintained by a joint team of disciplinary scientists, data scientists, data managers and information technology developers at the Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory as part of the Integrated Earth |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20H.%20Albert | Michael Henry Albert (born September 20, 1962) is a mathematician and computer scientist, originally from Canada, and currently a professor in the computer science department at the University of Otago in Dunedin, New Zealand. His varied research interests include combinatorics and combinatorial game theory.
Education and career
Albert received his B.Math in 1981 from the University of Waterloo. In that year Albert received the Rhodes Scholarship, and he completed his D. Phil. in 1984 at the University of Oxford. He then returned to the University of Waterloo. From 1987 to 1996 he was a professor at Carnegie Mellon University. Albert has been at the University of Otago since 1998.
Contributions
Together with J.P. Grossman and Richard Nowakowski, Albert invented the game Clobber. Albert has also contributed to the Combinatorial Game Suite game analysis software, and is a coauthor of Lessons in Play: An Introduction to Combinatorial Game Theory. Another significant topic of his research has been permutation patterns.
See also
List of University of Waterloo people
References
External links
Michael H. Albert's page at the University of Otago
Living people
1962 births
20th-century Canadian mathematicians
21st-century Canadian mathematicians
Canadian computer scientists
Canadian expatriates in New Zealand
Canadian Rhodes Scholars
People from Penetanguishene
Combinatorial game theorists
Academic staff of the University of Otago
University of Waterloo alumni |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neurotechnology%20Industry%20Organization | The Neurotechnology Industry Organization (NIO) is a San Francisco, California based non-profit trade association that represents a broad spectrum of companies involved in neuroscience, brain research centers, and advocacy groups from around the globe. Operating as a coalition of organizations in the field of neurotechnology, the goal of NIO is to enhance awareness of brain and nervous system illnesses, as well as to promote and advocate for treatment and diagnostic options.
See also
Brain-computer interface
Brain implant
Neuroprosthetics
Neural Engineering
Transcranial magnetic stimulation
Enablement (disambiguation)
External links
NeurotechIndustry.org - Official website
Neurotechnology
Neural engineering |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth%20Kwong | Kenneth Kin Man Kwong is a Hong Kong-born American nuclear physicist. He is a pioneer in human brain imaging. He received his bachelor's degree in Political Science in 1972 from the University of California, Berkeley. He went on to receive his Ph.D. in physics from the University of California, Riverside studying photon-photon collision interactions.
Career
In 1985, Kwong was a nuclear medicine physicist at the VA hospital in Loma Linda, California, establishing his work in medical science. After one year he was invited to a research fellowship at the Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) in the field of PET (positron emission tomography) imaging. Following his work in PET, he began his involvement in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI).
MRI, Diffusion, and Perfusion
Upon joining the team at the MGH Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (MGH-NMR) Center, Kwong pursued an interest in perfusion (the distribution of blood and nutrients to tissue) and diffusion (the detection of random dispersion of particles, principally water) in living tissues. Together with MIT graduate student Daisy Chien, and colleagues Richard Buxton, Tom Brady and Bruce Rosen he was one of the earliest entrants in the field of brain diffusion imaging, which itself was opened by the pioneering experiments of Denis Le Bihan. In a conference paper in 1988 at the Society for Magnetic Resonance in Medicine the MGH group was the first to demonstrate diffusion anisotropy in the human brain, stating, "... we observed differ |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrological%20Database%20of%20the%20Ocean%20Floor | The Petrological Database of the Ocean Floor (PetDB) is a relational database for global geochemical data on igneous and metamorphic rocks generated at mid-ocean ridges including back-arc basins, young seamounts, and old oceanic crust, as well as ophiolites and terrestrial xenoliths from the mantle and lower crust and diamond geochemistry. These data are obtained by analyses of whole rock powders, volcanic glasses, and minerals by a wide range of techniques including mass spectrometry, atomic emission spectrometry, x-ray fluorescence spectrometry, and wet chemical analyses. Data are compiled from the scientific literature by PetDB data managers, and entered after methodical metadata review. Members of the scientific community can also suggest entry of specific data that has been entered into the EarthChem Library. PetDB is administered by the EarthChem group under the IEDA facility at LDEO headed by K. Lehnert. PetDB is supported by the U.S. National Science Foundation.
About
Developments of PetDB began in 1995, by Lamont–Doherty Earth Observatory (LDEO) scientists C. Langmuir (now at Harvard University), W. Ryan, and A. Boulanger, when they realized what impact the World Wide Web and relational databases could have on the use of scientific data in research and in the classroom.
The initial funding phase of PetDB (1996–2001) supported the development of the database structure and population with data values. Renewed funding (2002–2007) permitted the migration of the datab |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%20Wessels | Tom Wessels (born 1951) is an American terrestrial ecologist working as a professor at Antioch University New England in the Department of Environmental Studies, where he founded a master's program in conservation biology. He is the author of five books and is an active environmentalist.
Education
Wessels earned a Bachelor of Science degree in wildlife biology from the University of New Hampshire and a Master of Arts in ecology at the University of Colorado.
Career
Wessels went directly into academia, beginning with a post at the now-defunct Windham College in Putney, Vermont. In 1978, he became an adjunct faculty member at Antioch University New England and was instrumental in developing numerous courses in Environmental Studies Department. He became a tenured faculty member at Antioch in 2000.
In addition to teaching at Antioch, Wessels has traveled on expedition to Iceland with Haraldur Sigurdsson. He chaired the Science department for ten years at The Putney School, a boarding high school in Putney, Vermont. He served as the chair of the Robert and Patricia Switzer Foundation, a foundation that provides grants and fellowships to promote environmental leadership. Since 1995 he has served as an ecological consultant for the Rainforest Alliance SmartWood Program in the Northeastern United States.
Social commentary
In his 2006 book The Myth of Progress, Wessels asserts that the aspiration to sustain indefinite exponential economic growth is an impossibility on the groun |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markov%20partition | A Markov partition in mathematics is a tool used in dynamical systems theory, allowing the methods of symbolic dynamics to be applied to the study of hyperbolic dynamics. By using a Markov partition, the system can be made to resemble a discrete-time Markov process, with the long-term dynamical characteristics of the system represented as a Markov shift. The appellation 'Markov' is appropriate because the resulting dynamics of the system obeys the Markov property. The Markov partition thus allows standard techniques from symbolic dynamics to be applied, including the computation of expectation values, correlations, topological entropy, topological zeta functions, Fredholm determinants and the like.
Motivation
Let be a discrete dynamical system. A basic method of studying its dynamics is to find a symbolic representation: a faithful encoding of the points of by sequences of symbols such that the map becomes the shift map.
Suppose that has been divided into a number of pieces which are thought to be as small and localized, with virtually no overlaps. The behavior of a point under the iterates of can be tracked by recording, for each , the part which contains . This results in an infinite sequence on the alphabet which encodes the point. In general, this encoding may be imprecise (the same sequence may represent many different points) and the set of sequences which arise in this way may be difficult to describe. Under certain conditions, which are made explicit i |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karger%27s%20algorithm | In computer science and graph theory, Karger's algorithm is a randomized algorithm to compute a minimum cut of a connected graph. It was invented by David Karger and first published in 1993.
The idea of the algorithm is based on the concept of contraction of an edge in an undirected graph . Informally speaking, the contraction of an edge merges the nodes and into one, reducing the total number of nodes of the graph by one. All other edges connecting either or are "reattached" to the merged node, effectively producing a multigraph. Karger's basic algorithm iteratively contracts randomly chosen edges until only two nodes remain; those nodes represent a cut in the original graph. By iterating this basic algorithm a sufficient number of times, a minimum cut can be found with high probability.
The global minimum cut problem
A cut in an undirected graph is a partition of the vertices into two non-empty, disjoint sets . The cutset of a cut consists of the edges between the two parts. The size (or weight) of a cut in an unweighted graph is the cardinality of the cutset, i.e., the number of edges between the two parts,
There are ways of choosing for each vertex whether it belongs to or to , but two of these choices make or empty and do not give rise to cuts. Among the remaining choices, swapping the roles of and does not change the cut, so each cut is counted twice; therefore, there are distinct cuts.
The minimum cut problem is to find a cut of smallest size amo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EWM | EWM may refer to:
Edinburgh Woollen Mill, a British retailer
Ellsworth–Whitmore Mountains, in Antarctica
Exploding wire method
European Women in Mathematics |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20California%2C%20San%20Francisco%20Fetal%20Treatment%20Center | The Fetal Treatment Center at the University of California, San Francisco is a multidisciplinary care center dedicated to the diagnosis, treatment, and long-term follow-up of fetal birth defects. It combines the talents of specialists in pediatric surgery, genetics, obstetrics/perinatology, radiology, nursing, and neonatal medicine.
History
In 1980, Dr. Michael R. Harrison and research colleagues at UCSF developed the techniques for open fetal surgery using animal models. Then in 1981, Harrison conducted the first open fetal surgery on a fetus to correct a dangerously advanced urinary tract obstruction.
Under the direction of Harrison, the newly created Fetal Treatment Center continued to develop and further refine fetal intervention techniques to treat a range of birth defects. It has also striven to develop less invasive means of treatment such as fetendo and fetal image-guided surgery.
Dr. Hanmin Lee M.D. is the current director for the UCSF Fetal Treatment Center, replacing Harrison, who is now director emeritus.
Clinical services
The Fetal Treatment Center specializes in the diagnosis and treatment of fetal birth defects:
Agenesis of the corpus callosum
Amniotic band syndrome
Bowel obstructions
Congenital cystic adenomatoid malformation
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia (CDH)
Congenital heart disease
Fetal anemia & thrombocytopenia
Gastroschisis
Inherited Genetic diseases treatable with Stem Cells
Spina bifida (myelomeningocele)
Omphalocele
Pulmonary sequ |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Multicistronic%20message | Multicistronic message is an archaic term for Polycistronic. Monocistronic, bicistronic and tricistronic are also used to describe mRNA with single, double and triple coding areas (exons).
Note that the base word cistron is no longer used in genetics, and has been replaced by intron and exon in eukaryotic mRNA. However, the mRNA found in bacteria is mainly polycistronic. This means that a single bacterial mRNA strand can be translated into several different proteins. This will occur if spacers separate the different proteins, and each spacer has to have a Shine-Dalgarno sequence located upstream of the start codon.
RNA |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sphaerium%20ovale | Sphaerium ovale is a freshwater bivalve of the family Sphaeriidae.
Description
Biology
Distribution and conservation status
Not mentioned in IUCN Red List – Not Evaluated (NE)
Germany
References
ovale
Bivalves described in 1807 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20B.%20Kaplan | David B. Kaplan (born 1958) is an American physicist. He is a professor of physics at the University of Washington, where he was director of the Institute for Nuclear Theory during the period 2006–2016 and is now a senior fellow.
Research
Kaplan's research deals with various aspects of quantum field theory, applied to models of physics beyond the Standard Model, cosmology, nuclear physics, and lattice QCD. He is known for his work on the theory of the composite Higgs boson, the role of the strange quark in dense matter and the phenomenon of kaon condensation, development of the theory of electroweak baryogenesis and other aspects of particle astrophysics, for lattice models with exact supersymmetry, and for the formulation of lattice gauge theory with chiral fermions. The latter is known as the theory of domain-wall fermions, and is an early example of what has later become known among condensed matter physicists as a topological insulator and the quantum spin Hall effect.
Recognition
Kaplan is a Member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the Washington State Academy of Sciences, and is a Fellow of the American Physical Society. He is a recipient of the Department of Energy Outstanding Junior Investigator Award, the National Science Foundation Presidential Young Investigator Award, and an Alfred P. Sloan Foundation fellowship. He was awarded the 2022 Herman Feshbach Prize in Theoretical Nuclear Physics.
Personal history
Kap |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20E.%20Kaplan%20%28physicist%29 | David Elazzar Kaplan is a theoretical particle physicist at the Johns Hopkins University.
Biography
Kaplan received his Bachelor of Science from the University of California at Berkeley in 1991, his master's in physics from the University of Washington in 1996 and PhD from the same institute under supervision of Ann Nelson in 1999. After postdoctoral positions at the University of Chicago, Argonne National Lab and in the SLAC Theory Group, he joined the faculty at Johns Hopkins in 2002.
His primary research interest is physics beyond the standard model, with a particular focus on the Higgs mechanism and potentially related physics such as supersymmetry, new forces, extra dimensions, and dark matter. He is also exploring connections between high energy physics and cosmology. He was selected as a Kavli Frontiers Fellow of the National Academy of Sciences, and an Alfred P. Sloan Fellow.
In 2011, Kaplan co-hosted season three of National Geographic Channel's Known Universe documentary series along with Sigrid Close, Andy Howell, Michael J. Massimino, and Steve Jacobs. Kaplan also produced (and starred in) the documentary Particle Fever.
Honors and awards
2018 Andrew Gemant Award of the American Institute of Physics
Notes
References
External links
Faculty directory page at the Johns Hopkins University
21st-century American physicists
Year of birth missing (living people)
Johns Hopkins University faculty
Living people
Particle physicists
Place of birth missing (living peo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SAT%20Subject%20Test%20in%20Chemistry | The SAT Subject Test in Chemistry was a one-hour multiple choice test given on chemistry by The College Board. A student chose whether to take the test depending upon college entrance requirements for the schools in which the student was planning to apply. Until 1994, the SAT Subject Tests were known as Achievement Tests; until January 2005, they were known as SAT 2s; they are still well known by the latter name. On January 19 2021, the College Board discontinued all SAT Subject tests, including the SAT Subject Test in Chemistry. This was effective immediately in the United States, and the tests were to be phased out by the following summer for international students. This was done as a response to changes in college admissions due to the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on education.
Format
This test consisted of 85 questions. The first 23 questions numbered 1-23 were 'classification questions'. The next 15 questions, numbered 101-115, were called 'relationship analysis questions'. The SAT Subject Test in Chemistry was currently the only SAT that incorporates the relationship analysis questions. Relationship Analysis Questions required the student to identify the truth value of two statements. If both statements were true, the student would then have to analyze the relationship between the two statements to see if the second statement correctly explained the first statement. The last 47 questions numbered 24-70 were standard multiple choice questions. The metric system of m |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Secondary%20polynomials | In mathematics, the secondary polynomials associated with a sequence of polynomials orthogonal with respect to a density are defined by
To see that the functions are indeed polynomials, consider the simple example of Then,
which is a polynomial provided that the three integrals in (the moments of the density ) are convergent.
See also
Secondary measure
Polynomials |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ramaswamy%20S.%20Vaidyanathaswamy | Ramaswamy S. Vaidyanathaswamy (1894–1960) was an Indian mathematician who wrote the first textbook of point-set topology in India.
Life
He was born in India on 24 October 1894.
Vaidyanathaswamy studied Mathematics at the University of Edinburgh in Scotland, under Prof Edmund Taylor Whittaker graduating around 1914. He then did postgraduate studies at the University of Cambridge under Prof H. F. Baker. After his return to India, he was a professor at the University of Madras, and after his retirement was associated with the Indian Statistical Institute in Calcutta.
He contributed extensively to point-set topology, and wrote a well-known textbook on the subject (and the first such textbook published in India), "Set Topology", which was first published in 1947. A second edition, published in 1960, was reprinted by Dover Publications in 1999.
He was elected a fellow of the Royal Society of Edinburgh in 1924. His proposers were Herbert Westren Turnbull, Edmund Taylor Whittaker, Ralph Allan Sampson and James Hartley Ashworth.
He was president of the Indian Mathematical Society from 1940 to 1942.
Selected publications
References
Welcome to University of Madras
20th-century Indian mathematicians
Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
1894 births
1960 deaths
Presidents of the Indian Mathematical Society
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
Expatriates from British India in the United Kingdom |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigel%20Horspool | R. Nigel Horspool is a retired professor of computer science, formerly of the University of Victoria. He invented the Boyer–Moore–Horspool algorithm, a fast string search algorithm adapted from the Boyer–Moore string-search algorithm. Horspool is co-inventor of dynamic Markov compression and was associate editor and then editor-at-large of the journal Software: Practice and Experience from 2007 to 2017. He is the author of C Programming in the Berkeley UNIX Environment.
Nigel Horspool is British by birth, but is now a citizen of Canada.
After a public school education at Monmouth School, he studied at Pembroke College, Cambridge, where he received a BA in natural science, but specializing in theoretical physics, in 1969.
After two years employment as an assembly language programmer on a partially successful air traffic control system project, he went to the University of Toronto for an MSc followed by a PhD in computer science.
This was followed by seven years as an assistant professor and then an associate professor at McGill University.
In 1983, he made a permanent move to the University of Victoria. As of July 2016, he retired from the university but retains the title of professor emeritus.
References
Canadian computer scientists
British computer scientists
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plate%20trick | In mathematics and physics, the plate trick, also known as Dirac's string trick, the belt trick, or the Balinese cup trick, is any of several demonstrations of the idea that rotating an object with strings attached to it by 360 degrees does not return the system to its original state, while a second rotation of 360 degrees, a total rotation of 720 degrees, does. Mathematically, it is a demonstration of the theorem that SU(2) (which double-covers SO(3)) is simply connected. To say that SU(2) double-covers SO(3) essentially means that the unit quaternions represent the group of rotations twice over. A detailed, intuitive, yet semi-formal articulation can be found in the article on tangloids.
Demonstrations
Resting a small plate flat on the palm, it is possible to perform two rotations of one's hand while keeping the plate upright. After the first rotation of the hand, the arm will be twisted, but after the second rotation it will end in the original position. To do this, the hand makes one rotation passing over the elbow, twisting the arm, and then another rotation passing under the elbow untwists it.
In mathematical physics, the trick illustrates the quaternionic mathematics behind the spin of spinors. As with the plate trick, these particles' spins return to their original state only after two full rotations, not after one.
The belt trick
The same phenomenon can be demonstrated using a leather belt with an ordinary frame buckle, whose prong serves as a pointer. The end |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20J.%20Turin | John J. Turin (1913–1973) was an American mathematician and physicist, especially active in the field of astronomy.
Turin received his bachelor's and master's degrees from Wayne State University and his doctorate in nuclear physics from the University of Michigan.
He was a member of the University of Toledo faculty from 1946 until his death in 1973. He became the head of the graduate school in 1969. He was director of the Ritter Astrophysical Research Center of the University of Toledo, Ohio. A number of patents, many with respect to heat convection, are on his name.
He died in December 1973 at age 60. After his death, several awards were named after him, including the John J. Turin Memorial Service Award and the John J. Turin Award for Outstanding Career Accomplishments in Physics, both awarded to him posthumously by the University of Toledo.
Selected publications
Gas-air-oxygen combustion studies, 1951
Articles in The Astronomical Journal
References
External links
1913 births
1973 deaths
Natural scientists
American astronomers
20th-century American mathematicians
20th-century American physicists
University of Toledo faculty
Wayne State University alumni
University of Michigan alumni |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arthur%20M.%20Lesk | Arthur Mallay Lesk, is a protein science researcher, who is a professor of biochemistry and molecular biology at the Pennsylvania State University in University Park.
Education
Lesk received a bachelor's degree, magna cum laude, from Harvard University in 1961. He received his doctoral degree from Princeton University in 1966. He also received a master's degree from the University of Cambridge in the United Kingdom in 1999.
Research
Lesk has made significant contributions to the study of protein evolution. He and Cyrus Chothia, working at the Medical Research Council (UK) Laboratory of Molecular Biology in Cambridge, United Kingdom, discovered the relationship between changes in amino-acid sequence and changes in protein structure by analyzing the mechanism of evolution in protein families. This discovery has provided the quantitative basis for the most successful and widely used method of structure prediction, known as homology modelling.
Lesk and Chothia also studied the conformations of antigen-binding sites of immunoglobulins. They discovered the “canonical-structure model” for the conformation of the complementarity-determining regions of antibodies, and they applied this model to the analysis of antibody-germ-line genes, including the prediction of the structure of the corresponding proteins. This work has supported the “humanization” of antibodies for therapy in the treatment of cancer. “This approach to cancer therapy is based on the observation of H. Waldmann that |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stieltjes%20transformation | In mathematics, the Stieltjes transformation of a measure of density on a real interval is the function of the complex variable defined outside by the formula
Under certain conditions we can reconstitute the density function starting from its Stieltjes transformation thanks to the inverse formula of Stieltjes-Perron. For example, if the density is continuous throughout , one will have inside this interval
Connections with moments of measures
If the measure of density has moments of any order defined for each integer by the equality
then the Stieltjes transformation of admits for each integer the asymptotic expansion in the neighbourhood of infinity given by
Under certain conditions the complete expansion as a Laurent series can be obtained:
Relationships to orthogonal polynomials
The correspondence defines an inner product on the space of continuous functions on the interval .
If is a sequence of orthogonal polynomials for this product, we can create the sequence of associated secondary polynomials by the formula
It appears that is a Padé approximation of in a neighbourhood of infinity, in the sense that
Since these two sequences of polynomials satisfy the same recurrence relation in three terms, we can develop a continued fraction for the Stieltjes transformation whose successive convergents are the fractions .
The Stieltjes transformation can also be used to construct from the density an effective measure for transforming the secondary polynomials |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rayleigh%20Medal | The Rayleigh Medal is a prize awarded annually by the Institute of Acoustics for "outstanding contributions to acoustics". The prize is named after John Strutt, 3rd Baron Rayleigh. It should not be confused with the medal of the same name awarded by the Institute of Physics.
List of recipients
Source: Institute of Acoustics
See also
List of physics awards
References
Physics awards
British science and technology awards |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pablo%20de%20Olavide%20University | Pablo de Olavide University (Universidad Pablo de Olavide (UPO) in Spanish) is a public university in Seville, Spain. UPO offers both undergraduate and graduate programs in the traditional majors, as well as in biotechnology, environmental sciences, humanities, labor relations, second language acquisition, social work, sports sciences, and translation.
Pablo de Olavide University (UPO) was founded in 1997, making it one of the newest public universities in Spain. UPO has over 10,000 students and is growing constantly since its inception.
The university is named after the Spanish-Peruvian politician Pablo de Olavide (1725–1803), who contributed notably to planning the city of Seville.
Being a relatively young university, UPO was planned as a North American-style campus with dedicated academic and residential space.
Its 345-acres spread out southeast of Seville over the municipalities of Dos Hermanas, Alcalá de Guadaíra and Seville. Its facilities are modern, including campus-wide Wi-Fi and Internet access, computer, television, video and audio centers, an open access library, sports facilities, and science laboratories.
It has numerous sports facilities, lawns, gym and a huge library where you can find books from every subject.
This University also boasts a student union building and offers transportation to the city center by bus or metro.
Academics
The university is organized into seven faculties and schools:
Faculty of Experimental Sciences
Faculty of Business
Facu |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20B%20Wood%20Medal | The A B Wood Medal is a prize awarded annually by the Institute of Acoustics for "distinguished contributions to the application of underwater acoustics". The prize, named after Albert Beaumont Wood, is presented in alternate years to European and North American scientists.
Recipients
Source: Institute of Acoustics
See also
List of physics awards
References
Physics awards
British science and technology awards |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Journal%20of%20Symbolic%20Logic | The Journal of Symbolic Logic is a peer-reviewed mathematics journal published quarterly by Association for Symbolic Logic. It was established in 1936 and covers mathematical logic. The journal is indexed by Mathematical Reviews, Zentralblatt MATH, and Scopus. Its 2009 MCQ was 0.28, and its 2009 impact factor was 0.631.
External links
Mathematics journals
Academic journals established in 1936
Multilingual journals
Quarterly journals
Association for Symbolic Logic academic journals
Logic journals
Cambridge University Press academic journals |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volatile%20acid | In chemistry, the terms volatile acid (or volatile fatty acid (VFA)) and volatile acidity (VA) are used somewhat differently in various application areas.
Wine
In wine chemistry, the volatile acids are those that can be separated from wine through steam distillation. Many factors influence the level of VA, but the growth of spoilage bacteria and yeasts are the primary source and consequently VA is often used to quantify the degree of wine oxidation and spoilage.
Acetic acid is the primary volatile acid in wine, but smaller amounts of lactic, formic, butyric, propionic acid, carbonic acid (from carbon dioxide), and sulfurous acid (from sulfur dioxide) may be present and contribute to VA; in analysis, measures may be taken to exclude or correct for the VA due to carbonic, sulfuric, and sorbic acids.
Other acids present in wine, including malic and tartaric acid are considered non-volatile or fixed acids. Together volatile and non-volatile acidity compromise total acidity.
Classical analysis for VA involves distillation in a Cash or Markham still, followed by titration with standardized sodium hydroxide, and reporting of the results as acetic acid.
Several alternatives to the classical analysis have been developed.
While VA is typically considered a wine flaw or fault, winemakers may intentionally allow a small amount of VA in their product for its contribution to the wine's sensory complexity. Excess VA is difficult for winemakers to correct. In the some countries, incl |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20Rover%20Challenge | The University Rover Challenge (URC) by the Mars Society is a robotics competition for university level students that challenges teams to design and build a rover that would be of use to early explorers on Mars. The competition is held annually at the Mars Desert Research Station, outside Hanksville, Utah in the United States. The site was selected by the Mars Society for its geographic similarity to Mars: In addition to being a largely barren desert area, the soil in the area has a chemical composition similar to Martian soil. The competition has also expanded internationally to include the European Rover Challenge, Canadian International Rover Challenge, and the Indian Rover Challenge as part of the Rover Challenge Series.
The aim of the University Rover Challenge is to encourage students to develop skills in robotics, improve the state-of-the-art in rovers, and work in multi-disciplinary teams with collaboration between scientists and engineers. The competition was launched in 2006 with competitions held annually every summer since 2007.
History
Inception
The URC was first established in 2006 with the goal of promoting STEM education and inspiring the next generation of space explorers. Since its inception, the competition has grown in scale and significance, attracting teams from universities and institutions worldwide.
The idea behind the URC's creation is that the kinds of rovers teams are building would assist astronauts in the field, controlled remotely by anoth |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elementeo | Elementeo is a chemistry-based card game in which elements have their own personalities—oxygen becomes Oxygen Life-Giver, sodium becomes Sodium Dragon, and iodine becomes Iodine Mermaid. Elements can be combined to form compounds and interact with properties and oxidation states. For example, Oxygen Life Giver rusts metals, Copper Cyclops shocks nearby element cards, and Helium Genie airlifts element cards. The goal of the game is to reduce an opponent to zero electrons by capturing them.
The Elementeo Chemistry Card Game includes elements, compounds, and alchemy cards (special cards that include black holes and nuclear fusion). The first version of the Elementeo Chemistry Card Game (v1) sold out in the summer of 2011 and an updated version with new cards was released in mid 2012. An Elementeo App was launched on the Apple App Store in April 2012.
Overview
The game consists of a deck of 121 cards. Each card depicts a chemical as "monster-themed caricature". A card is one of three types:
Elements: Each element has a personality, illustration, and story. Each element card includes the element's symbol, atomic mass, atomic number, oxidation state, state of matter, and family or type. Elements move across the battlefield based on their state of matter—gases can move in all directions, whereas solids can only move one step at a time. The strength of the element in the game is based on one of its oxidation states. In The Elementeo Chemistry Card Game (v2), the Lewis dot struct |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolution%20of%20biological%20complexity | The evolution of biological complexity is one important outcome of the process of evolution. Evolution has produced some remarkably complex organisms – although the actual level of complexity is very hard to define or measure accurately in biology, with properties such as gene content, the number of cell types or morphology all proposed as possible metrics.
Many biologists used to believe that evolution was progressive (orthogenesis) and had a direction that led towards so-called "higher organisms", despite a lack of evidence for this viewpoint. This idea of "progression" introduced the terms "high animals" and "low animals" in evolution. Many now regard this as misleading, with natural selection having no intrinsic direction and that organisms selected for either increased or decreased complexity in response to local environmental conditions. Although there has been an increase in the maximum level of complexity over the history of life, there has always been a large majority of small and simple organisms and the most common level of complexity appears to have remained relatively constant.
Selection for simplicity and complexity
Usually organisms that have a higher rate of reproduction than their competitors have an evolutionary advantage. Consequently, organisms can evolve to become simpler and thus multiply faster and produce more offspring, as they require fewer resources to reproduce. A good example are parasites such as Plasmodium – the parasite responsible for malar |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.%20T.%20Harvey | J. T. (Jack) Harvey was General Manager of Operations of the Toronto Transportation Commission from 1977 until 1980.
Harvey graduated in 1944 with a B.A.Sc. degree in Electrical Engineering. In 1946 following service in World War II where he achieved the rank of Lieutenant with the Royal Canadian Electrical and Mechanical Engineers, Harvey joined the Toronto Transportation Commission (TTC) as a Junior Engineer in the Electrical Section (Engineering) on power and distribution projects, most notably the trolley overhead infrastructure for the new trolley coach system which opened in 1947. He became Senior Assistant Engineer in 1949, Senior Engineer in 1950, Assistant Electrical Engineer in 1952, during which period he worked on the Yonge Subway. In 1959, he was appointed Chief Design Engineer of the Subway Construction branch. In 1961 he was appointed Assistant Chief Engineer, and in 1962 became Chief Engineer - Subway Construction. He held this position until 1973, when he was appointed General Manager - Subway Construction following the retirement of W. H. (Pat) Paterson.
In 1977, Harvey was appointed General Manager - Operations, and joined W.E.P. Duncan as one of two people to hold both General Manager positions at the TTC to that time. Harvey retired in August 1980 after 34 years with the TTC. He was retained as a consultant to the Urban Transportation Development Corporation (UTDC) on the Hamilton Intermediate Capacity Transit System. (This project was later known a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Common%20misunderstandings%20of%20genetics | During the latter half of the 20th century, the fields of genetics and molecular biology matured greatly, significantly increasing understanding of biological heredity. As with other complex and evolving fields of knowledge, the public awareness of these advances has primarily been through the mass media, and a number of common misunderstandings of genetics have arisen.
Genetic determinism
It is a popular misconception that all patterns of an animal's behaviour, and more generally its phenotype, are rigidly determined by its genes. Although many examples of animals exist that display certain well-defined behaviour that is genetically programmed, these examples cannot be extrapolated to all animal behaviour. There is good evidence that some basic aspects of human behaviour, such as circadian rhythms are genetically based, but it is clear that many other aspects are not.
In the first place, much phenotypic variability does not stem from genes themselves. For example:
Epigenetic inheritance. In the widest definition this includes all biological inheritance mechanisms that do not change the DNA sequence of the genome. In a narrower definition it excludes biological phenomena such as the effects of prions and maternal antibodies which are also inherited and have clear survival implications.
Learning from experience. This feature is obviously important for humans, but there is considerable evidence of learned behaviour in other animal species (vertebrates and invertebrates). T |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9%20Pichot | André Pichot (born in 1950) is a researcher in Epistemology and History of Science, based at CNRS in Strasbourg. He was a pupil of Georges Canguilhem. He is known in France for his critical writings on issues related to genetics, in particular the influence modern biology has had on ideologies supporting eugenics.
Bibliography
Books
Éléments pour une théorie de la biologie, éd. Maloine, 1980.
La naissance de la science, Tome I. Mésopotamie, égypte, Tome II. Grèce présocratique, éd. Gallimard, coll. Folio/Essai n°154 et 155, 1991.
Petite phénoménologie de la connaissance, éd. Aubier, 1991.
Histoire de la notion de vie, éd. Gallimard, coll. TEL, 1993.
L’eugénisme, ou les généticiens saisis par la philanthropie, éd. Hatier, coll. Optiques, 1995.
Histoire de la notion de gène, éd. Flammarion, coll. Champs, 1999.
La société pure : de Darwin à Hitler, éd. Flammarion, 2000 (coll. Champ, 2001). Translated in English as The Pure Society - from Darwin to Hitler, Verso Books, 2009.
Scientific Articles
The strange object of biology, article de la revue Fundamenta Scientae, vol.8, n°1, 1987.
De la "natura medicatrix" à l’organisme en panne, article de la revue La Recherche n°281, supp. "La santé et ses métamorphoses", novembre 1995.
Sur la notion de programme génétique, article de la revue Philosophia Scientae, vol.6, n°1, 2002.
Articles for the press
Hérédité et évolution (l’inné et l’acquis en biologie), article de la revue Esprit juin 1996.
Racisme et biologie, article |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onboard%20refueling%20vapor%20recovery | An onboard refueling vapor recovery system (ORVR) is a vehicle fuel vapor emission control system that captures volatile organic compounds (VOC, potentially harmful vapors) during refueling. There are two types of vehicle fuel vapor emission control systems: the ORVR, and the Stage II vapor recovery system. Without either of these two systems, fuel vapors trapped inside gas tanks would be released into the atmosphere, each time refueling of the vehicle occurred. However, an ORVR system is able to retain those emissions, delivering them to the vehicle's activated carbon-filled canister and then to dispose of those vapors by adding them to the engine's inlet manifold and the stream of fuel supplying the engine, during normal operation. The goal behind implementing the ORVR system throughout the U.S. is to eventually make the Stage II systems obsolete.
History
William F. Woodcock, William E. Ruhig, Jr., and Loren H. Kline hold the patents for the ORVR system.
According to Freda Fung and Bob Maxwell, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) has been controlling emissions among the United States since the 1970s. They implemented regulations which would limit the amount of fuel vapor released into the atmosphere during the refueling of a motor vehicle. Before any EPA mandate was put into action, California devised its own regulations, ahead of every other state, by 16 years, when it required the implementation of the Stage II vapor recovery system. The ORVR systems were require |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Allibone | Thomas Edward Allibone, CBE, FRS (11 November 1903 – 9 September 2003) was an English physicist. His work included important research into particle physics, X-rays, high voltage equipment, and electron microscopes.
Early life
Thomas Edward Allibone was born at Nether Hallam, Sheffield in 1903, son of Henry James Allibone, a schoolteacher, and Eliza (née Kidger), a farmer's daughter. He was educated at the Central School in Sheffield followed by a Pass (Ordinary) degree in physics at Sheffield University. In 1925, Allibone was awarded a scholarship by the Metropolitan-Vickers company to study the properties of zirconium. He left Sheffield in 1926 to continue his postgraduate studies at Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge University. At Cambridge, he worked in the prestigious Cavendish Laboratory, with eminent scientists such as Rutherford, Cockcroft, and Walton. The use of high voltages to accelerate particles into each other became of particular interest to him. After gaining a first class honours degree in physics from Cambridge, Allibone returned to Metropolitan-Vickers, to take charge of their high-voltage research laboratory at Trafford Park, Manchester.
Career
Allibone remained at Metropolitan Vickers throughout the 1930s and 1940s, publishing a number of scientific papers on subjects such as high voltage research, and X-ray tubes.
During the Second World War, Allibone was involved in a number of research projects including radar equipment and the highly secretive T |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Split%20%28phylogenetics%29 | A split in phylogenetics is a bipartition of a set of taxa, and the smallest unit of information in unrooted phylogenetic trees: each edge of an unrooted phylogenetic tree represents one split, and the tree can be efficiently reconstructed from its set of splits. Moreover, when given several trees, the splits occurring in more than half of these trees give rise to a consensus tree, and the splits occurring in a smaller fraction of the trees generally give rise to a consensus Split Network.
See also
SplitsTree, a program for inferring phylogenetic (split) networks.
References
Phylogenetics
Trees (data structures) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Rosner | Robert Rosner (born June 26, 1947) is an astrophysicist and founding director of the Energy Policy Institute at the University of Chicago, where he is the William E. Wrather Distinguished Service Professor in the departments of Astronomy and Astrophysics and Physics. He was the director of Argonne National Laboratory from 2005 to 2009. Prior to his appointment as Argonne's director, his research was focused primarily on astrophysical fluid dynamics and plasma physics problems. Rosner is a member of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters, and also sits on the Science and Security Board of the Bulletin of the Atomic Scientists. He was elected to serve as the 2023 President of the American Physical Society,
References
External links
Robert Rosner bio at Argonne National Laboratory
Living people
1947 births
People from Garmisch-Partenkirchen
German emigrants to the United States
American astronomers
German astrophysicists
Members of the Norwegian Academy of Science and Letters
Harvard University alumni
Fellows of the American Physical Society |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Usa%20Marine%20Biological%20Institute | The Usa Marine Biological Institute (UMBI) (sometimes referred to as MBI-Japan, Japanese Marine Biological Institute, Usa Kaiyo Center or just Usa) is one of the oldest and largest centers for phycology, marine biology research, graduate training, and public service in Japan. It is devoted to scientific research leading to MS and PhD degrees in phycology, marine biology and related fields. It grants degrees jointly with Kochi University.
UMBI is located in the village of Usa cho, Kōchi Prefecture, Japan.
History
The Usa Marine Biological Station was founded in 1953 as an independent research institute by the Japanese Government. In 1978, its name was changed to Usa Marine Biological Institute.
Under the directorship of Professor Masao Ohno, the institute established a Japan International Cooperation Agency (JICA) training program in marine biology, since when a large number of foreign researchers have come to the institute to pursue short-term research projects. The current director, Professor Izumi Kinoshita, supervises and coordinates the JICA training program.
In 2004, UMBI started a new graduate program, Kuroshio Sciences, jointly with Kochi University, to study the Kuroshio Current from an interdisciplinary perspective.
UMBI graduate students are supported by various financial aid schemes, especially the Monbukagakusho MEXT International PhD Program.
Vessels
UMBI operates several manned research vessels and vehicles, owned by Kochi University or the Japanese Go |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgy%20Zolotarenko | Georgy Sergeevich Zolotarenko (August 8, 1922 Kirovograd, Ukraine - April 6, 2002), ScDr., professor, was a Russian entomologist specialized in Lepidoptera, mainly Noctuidae: Noctuinae.
Zolotarenko graduated from the Department of Biology and Pedology, Tomsk State University in 1951. From 1951, he worked in the Biological Institute of West Siberian Branch of the Academy of Science of the U.S.S.R. (now the Institute of Animal Systematics and Ecology, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences) where he was the chief of the Zoological Museum (1983-1987), then the chief scientific worker in the same museum (1987-2002). His main scientific interests were faunal distribution, biology and systematics of Macroheterocera, mainly Noctuidae: Noctuinae. Zolotarenko had many pupils (T.V. Bubnova, N.V. Mastshenko, N.A. Utkin, S.V. Vasilenko, V.V. Dubatolov, V.Yu. Kryukov, etc.).
Publications
With V. V. Dubatolov see
Full list under construction at which gives further details and two portrait photographs.
Most important publications
, 1970: Type collections in Zoological Museum of the Biological Institute, Siberian Branch, AS USSR. In: Fauna Sibiri: 10-17, Novosibirsk (in Russian).
, 1970: Agrotinae (Noctuidae) of West Siberia: 1-436, Novosibirsk (in Russian).
, 1975: Species of the genus Actias Leach (Lepidoptera, Saturniidae) from the USSR fauna. In: Taksonomiya i ekologiya zhivotnykh Sibiri: 53-61, Novosibirsk (in Russian). (Series: New and little known species of Siber |
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