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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chip-scale%20atomic%20clock | A chip scale atomic clock (CSAC) is a compact, low-power atomic clock fabricated using techniques of microelectromechanical systems (MEMS) and incorporating a low-power semiconductor laser as the light source. The first CSAC physics package was demonstrated at NIST in 2003, based on an invention made in 2001. The work was funded by the US Department of Defense's Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency (DARPA) with the goal of developing a microchip-sized atomic clock for use in portable equipment. In military equipment it is expected to provide improved location and battlespace situational awareness for dismounted soldiers when the global positioning system is not available, but many civilian applications are also envisioned. Commercial manufacturing of these atomic clocks began in 2011. The CSAC, the world's smallest atomic clock, is 4 x 3.5 x 1 cm (1.5 x 1.4 x 0.4 inches) in size, weighs 35 grams, consumes only 115 mW of power, and can keep time to within 100 microseconds per day after several years of operation.
A more stable design based on the vibration of rubidium atoms was demonstrated by NIST in 2019. The new design has yet to be commercialized.
How it works
Like other caesium atomic clocks, the clock keeps time by a precise 9.192631770 GHz microwave signal emitted by electron spin transitions between two hyperfine energy levels in atoms of caesium-133. A feedback mechanism keeps a quartz crystal oscillator on the chip locked to this frequency, which is divided |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunduz%20Caginalp | Gunduz Caginalp was a mathematician whose research has also contributed over 100 papers to physics, materials science and economics/finance journals, including two with Michael Fisher and nine with Nobel Laureate Vernon Smith. He began his studies at Cornell University in 1970 and received an AB in 1973 "Cum Laude with Honors in All Subjects" and Phi Beta Kappa. In 1976 he received a Master's degree, and in 1978 a PhD, both also at Cornell. He held positions at The Rockefeller University, Carnegie-Mellon University and the University of Pittsburgh (since 1984), where he was a Professor of Mathematics until his death on December 7, 2021. He was born in Turkey, and spent his first seven years and ages 13–16 there, and the middle years in New York City.
Caginalp and his wife Eva were married in 1992 and had three sons, Carey, Reggie and Ryan.
He served as the Editor of the Journal of Behavioral Finance (1999–2003), and was an Associate Editor for numerous journals. He received awards from the National Science Foundation as well as private foundations.
Summary of research
Caginalp was known mainly for developing the phase field approach to interface problems, and for pioneering mathematical modeling to understand the dynamics of financial markets beyond valuation. Currently the key areas of Caginalp's work involve quantitative behavioral finance, phase field models, and renormalization methods in differential equations. His initial research focused on rigorous equilibrium sta |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chelonian%20Conservation%20and%20Biology | Chelonian Conservation and Biology: International Journal of Turtle and Tortoise Research is a peer-reviewed scientific journal covering research on freshwater turtles, marine turtles, and tortoises (Order Testudines). It was established in 1993 by the Chelonian Research Foundation as the new scientific journal of the IUCN Species Survival Commission's Tortoise and Freshwater Turtle Specialist Group and the International Bulletin of Chelonian Research. The journal was first published with support from Conservation International, the Chelonian Institute, the Wildlife Conservation Society, the Florida Audubon Society, and the Species Survival Commission of the World Conservation Union.
Since 2006, the journal has been published in collaboration with Allen Press Publishing Services. The first editors-in-chief were John L. Behler, Peter C. H. Pritchard, and Anders G. J. Rhodin. Rhodin has been one of the editors ever since, first with Pritchard and currently with Jeffrey A. Seminoff.
References
External links
Herpetology journals
Academic journals established in 1993
Biannual journals
English-language journals
Allen Press academic journals |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Sharpey | William Sharpey FRS FRSE LLD (1 April 1802 – 11 April 1880) was a Scottish anatomist and physiologist. Sharpey became the outstanding exponent of experimental biology and is described as the "father of British physiology".
Early life
Sharpey was born in Arbroath on 1 April 1802, the youngest son of the five children Mary Balfour and Henry Sharpy (sic), a shipowner from Folkestone who died before Sharpey was born.
William was educated at the high school in Arbroath and, in November 1817, began studies at the University of Edinburgh, firstly studying humanities and natural philosophy. In 1818, he moved to the medical classes, learning anatomy from Professor John Barclay, who then was lecturing in the extra-academical school.
In 1821, Sharpey graduated with an MB ChB and was admitted a member of the Edinburgh College of Surgeons. He then went to London to broaden his anatomical experience in the private school of Joshua Brookes in Blenheim Street. He went to Paris in the autumn, and remained there for nearly a year, learning clinical surgery from Guillaume Dupuytren in the wards of the Hôtel Dieu, and operative surgery from Jacques Lisfranc de St. Martin. Here he made the acquaintance of James Syme, with whom he kept up a correspondence until Syme's death in 1870.
In August 1823, Sharpey was awarded his doctorate (MD) from the University of Edinburgh, with his thesis De Ventriculi Carcinomate, and then returned to Paris, where he spent most of 1824. He then appears to have s |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lorentz%20Institute | The Lorentz Institute () is the institute for theoretical physics at Leiden University the Netherlands. It was established in 1921 and was named after physicist Hendrik Lorentz. Together with the experimental physics groups in the Kamerlingh Onnes Laboratory and the Huygens Laboratory, it makes up the Leiden Institute of Physics. The Lorentz Institute participates in two research schools: the Casimir Research School (jointly with Delft University of Technology) and the Dutch Research School of Theoretical Physics.
External links
Lorentz Institute website
Research institutes in the Netherlands
Hendrik Lorentz
Research institutes established in 1921 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89ric%20Caire | Éric Caire (born May 21, 1965) is a Canadian politician from Quebec, Canada, and the CAQ Member of the National Assembly for the electoral district of La Peltrie.
Early career
Caire was born in Sorel-Tracy, Quebec. He was the owner of a local business for one year and taught computer science at Collège François-Xavier-Garneau in Quebec City. Before his election, he was a computer-analyst for eight years including two with Cognicase. In 2004, he was also the host of a local community radio show at CIMI-FM.
Political career
Caire first attempted to enter politics in 2001 with a failed independent candidacy at the Quebec municipal elections in 2001. Caire first ran for a provincial seat at the National Assembly for the Action démocratique du Québec (ADQ) in the 2003 election but finished second with 34% of the vote. Liberal candidate France Hamel won with 41% of the vote.
In the 2007 election, Caire was easily elected with 51% of the vote. Hamel, who was running for re-election, finished second with 27% of the vote. Caire took office on April 12, 2007. On April 19, 2007, he was selected to be the Official Opposition's Shadow Minister of Health.
Caire was among the first ADQ supporters to back the abolition of public school boards, an idea inspired by the OECD reforms on school choice (notably charter schools and school vouchers education models) as they exist notably in England, Sweden, Netherlands, Australia and some Canadian provinces (notably Alberta), that is now par |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrenium%20ion | A nitrenium ion (also called: aminylium ion or imidonium ion (obsolete)) in organic chemistry is a reactive intermediate based on nitrogen with both an electron lone pair and a positive charge and with two substituents (). Nitrenium ions are isoelectronic with carbenes, and can exist in either a singlet or a triplet state. The parent nitrenium ion, , is a ground state triplet species with a gap of to the lowest energy singlet state. Conversely, most arylnitrenium ions are ground state singlets. Certain substituted arylnitrenium ions can be ground state triplets, however. Nitrenium ions can have microsecond or longer lifetimes in water.
Aryl nitrenium ions are of biological interest because of their involvement in certain DNA damaging processes. They are generated upon in vivo oxidation of arylamines. The regiochemistry and energetics of the reaction of phenylnitrenium ion with guanine has been investigated using density functional theory computations.
Nitrenium species have been exploited as intermediates in organic reactions. They are typically generated via heterolysis of N–X (X = N, O, Halogen) bonds. For instance, they are formed upon treatment of chloramine derivatives with silver salts or by activation of aryl hydroxylamine derivatives or aryl azides with Brønsted or Lewis acids. The Bamberger rearrangement is an early example of a reaction that is now thought to proceed via an aryl nitrenium intermediate. They can also act as electrophiles in electrophilic aromati |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Helen%20Iglauer%20Glueck | Helen Iglauer Glueck (1907–1995) was an American physician known for her research in blood chemistry that linked bleeding disorders in newborns with a lack of Vitamin K in breast milk.
Glueck graduated from Walnut Hills High School in Cincinnati, Ohio in 1925. She obtained her BA from the University of Wisconsin–Madison and her MD from the University of Cincinnati College of Medicine.
She directed the University of Cincinnati Student Health Services (1945-1959) and then became Director of the Coagulation Laboratory at the University.
Honors
1979 YWCA Career Woman of the Year
1985 Hebrew Union College Founders Medal
1985 University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Daniel Drake Award
1993 named a "Great Living Cincinnatian" by the Cincinnati Chamber of Commerce
References
Twentieth Century Women Physicians of Cincinnati
1907 births
1995 deaths
Physicians from Ohio
University of Wisconsin–Madison alumni
University of Cincinnati alumni
20th-century American women physicians
20th-century American physicians |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20Association%20of%20Physicists%20in%20Medicine | The American Association of Physicists in Medicine (AAPM) is a scientific, educational, and professional organization of Medical Physicists. In 2011, it absorbed the American College of Medical Physics
Their headquarters are located at 1631 Prince Street, Alexandria, Virginia.
Publications include two scientific journals Medical Physics and the Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics (JACMP), as well as technical reports, and symposium proceedings.
The purposes of the American Association of Physicists in Medicine are to promote the application of physics to medicine and biology and to encourage interest and training in medical physics and related fields. AAPM has established Medical Physics as its primary scientific and informational journal.
AAPM is a Member of the American Institute of Physics and has over 9700 members.
Regional chapters of the AAPM hold regular scientific meetings for their members. For example the New England Chapter typically meets three times per year. More information for the NEAAPM can be found at .
See also
American Board of Science in Nuclear Medicine
Institute of Physics and Engineering in Medicine
References
External links
AAPM web site
Medical Physics Journal
Journal of Applied Clinical Medical Physics
Archival collections
Niels Bohr Library & Archives
American Association of Physicists in Medicine addition to minutes from executive committee, annual business meetings and board meetings, 2000-2014
American Association of Physi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giuseppe%20Moletti | Giuseppe Moletti (1531–1588) was an Italian mathematician best known for his Dialogo intorno alla Meccanica (Dialogue on Mechanics). Though an obscure figure today, he was a renowned mathematician during his lifetime, and was even consulted by Pope Gregory XIII on his new calendar.
He held the mathematics chair at the University of Padua, preceding Galileo, who had sent him his theorems on the centre of gravity.
Dialogo intorno alla Meccanica
In his Dialogo intorno alla Meccanica (Dialogue on Mechanics), Moletti "intended to establish its Euclidean foundations...[and] to extend mechanics generally to explain all motions through the analysis of their forces and resistances". He defined mechanics as the science of overcoming greater forces with smaller ones. On the first day of dialogue, he offers geometrical foundations for the Pseudo-Aristotelian Mechanical Problems, establishing the principle that the further a weight is from the centre of a pivoting lever, the less force is required to move it in a circular motion. He used geometry and angles of force to discuss and solve mechanical problems. He thereby sought to relate motion to mathematical laws, though he did not envision mathematics as a universal science of motion. The second day discusses problems of natural philosophy, especially the acceleration of falling bodies.
Other works
Moletti was a prolific writer, though many of his writings remained unpublished. He lived in the generation before Galileo and anticipated |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagrange%20multipliers%20on%20Banach%20spaces | In the field of calculus of variations in mathematics, the method of Lagrange multipliers on Banach spaces can be used to solve certain infinite-dimensional constrained optimization problems. The method is a generalization of the classical method of Lagrange multipliers as used to find extrema of a function of finitely many variables.
The Lagrange multiplier theorem for Banach spaces
Let X and Y be real Banach spaces. Let U be an open subset of X and let f : U → R be a continuously differentiable function. Let g : U → Y be another continuously differentiable function, the constraint: the objective is to find the extremal points (maxima or minima) of f subject to the constraint that g is zero.
Suppose that u0 is a constrained extremum of f, i.e. an extremum of f on
Suppose also that the Fréchet derivative Dg(u0) : X → Y of g at u0 is a surjective linear map. Then there exists a Lagrange multiplier λ : Y → R in Y∗, the dual space to Y, such that
Since Df(u0) is an element of the dual space X∗, equation (L) can also be written as
where (Dg(u0))∗(λ) is the pullback of λ by Dg(u0), i.e. the action of the adjoint map (Dg(u0))∗ on λ, as defined by
Connection to the finite-dimensional case
In the case that X and Y are both finite-dimensional (i.e. linearly isomorphic to Rm and Rn for some natural numbers m and n) then writing out equation (L) in matrix form shows that λ is the usual Lagrange multiplier vector; in the case n = 1, λ is the usual Lagrange multiplier, a real number |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gernot%20Heiser | Gernot Heiser (born 1957) is a Scientia Professor and the John Lions Chair for operating systems at UNSW Sydney, where he leads the Trustworthy Systems group (TS).
Life
In 1991, Heiser joined the School of Computer Science and Engineering of UNSW Sydney, originally as a lecturer, reaching the rank of full professor in 2002, a position he retains to date.
Also in 2002 he joined the newly created research organisation NICTA as one of its initial Program Leaders, in charge of the Embedded, Real-Time and Operating Systems (ERTOS) program. After a re-organisation in 2011 ERTOS became the Software Systems Research Group (SSRG) which he led. When NICTA was absorbed into CSIRO in 2016, Heiser stepped back from management of the group, which was then called Trustworthy Systems (TS). In 2021 CSIRO abandoned TS, at which time Heiser took the group back to UNSW and re-assumed its leadership.
Since April 2020, Heiser serves as the Founding Chairman of the seL4 Foundation.
Research
Heiser's research focuses on microkernels, microkernel-based systems, and virtual machines, and emphasizes performance and reliability.
His group produced Mungi, a single address space operating system,
for clusters of 64-bit computers, and implementations of the L4 microkernel with very fast inter-process communication.
His Gelato@UNSW team was a founding member of the Gelato Federation, and focused on performance and scalability of Linux on Itanium. They established theoretical and practical performa |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boldface%20%28disambiguation%29 | Boldface may refer to:
A variety of emphasis (typography)
Boldface pointclass, a concept in descriptive set theory in mathematics
See also
Bold (disambiguation)
Bald face (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis-S%C3%A9bastien%20Lenormand | Louis-Sébastien Lenormand (May 25, 1757 – April 4, 1837) was a French chemist, physicist, inventor, monk, and a pioneer in parachuting.
Early life
Lenormand was born in Montpellier on May 25, 1757 as the son of a clockmaker. Between 1775 and 1780, he studied physics and chemistry under Lavoisier and Berthollet in Paris, where he also got involved with the administration of saltpeter. In this position he learned of the use of scientific and mathematical knowledge in the production of gunpowder. After returning to his natal town, he worked in his father's clock shop while immersing himself in the intellectual community and starting his experiments with parachuting, inspired by the performance of a Thai equilibrist who used a parasol for balance. Before performing the public jump from the observatory tower, Lenormand tested his parachutes using animals.
First parachute
Lenormand is considered the first man to make a witnessed descent with a parachute and is also credited with coining the term parachute, from the Latin prefix para meaning "against", an imperative form of parare = to avoid, avert, defend, resist, guard, shield or shroud, from paro = to parry, and the French word chute for "fall", hence the word "parachute" literally means an aeronautic device "against a fall". After making a jump from a tree with the help of a pair of modified umbrellas, Lenormand refined his contraption and on December 26, 1783 jumped from the tower of the Montpellier observatory in front of |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kurt%20Symanzik | Kurt Symanzik (November 21, 1923 – October 25, 1983) was a German physicist working in quantum field theory.
Life
Symanzik was born in Lyck (Ełk), East Prussia, and spent his childhood in Königsberg. He started studying physics in 1946 at Universität München but after a short time moved to Werner Heisenberg at Göttingen. There also the fruitful collaboration with Wolfhart Zimmermann and Harry Lehmann started. In 1954 he earned his PhD for his thesis The Schwinger functional in quantum field theory.
After teaching at Princeton and CERN he gained a full professorship at the New York Courant Institute, which he left 1968 for the Hamburg DESY. He died in Hamburg.
Work
Symanzik is most well known for LSZ reduction formula and the Callan–Symanzik equation.
His early work in non-perturbative quantum field theory together in a circle with other researches nicknamed "Feldverein" (Field Club) led to now classic results. He also contributed to the Euclidean quantum field theory ansatz.
Since 1970 his interests shifted to lattice gauge theory. In 1981 he was awarded the Max Planck medal.
Notes
See also
Schrödinger functional
References
1923 births
1983 deaths
People from Ełk
People from East Prussia
20th-century German physicists
Quantum physicists
University of Göttingen alumni
German expatriates in the United States
Academic staff of the University of Hamburg
Courant Institute of Mathematical Sciences faculty
People associated with CERN
Winners of the Max Planck Medal |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankfurt%20University%20of%20Applied%20Sciences | The Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences (previously known as the Fachhochschule Frankfurt am Main) is a public University of Applied Sciences in Frankfurt am Main, Germany.
The Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences provides about 38 study programmes in architecture and civil engineering, business and business law, informatics and engineering, social work and health. It has an international student body, with about 12,000 students coming from more than 100 countries. About 250 professors and over a 1000 other employees work at the Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences. It has four faculties: Architecture and civil engineering; Informatics and engineering; Business and law; and Social work and health.
Most courses are taught in German; however, Master courses in English are provided in High Integrity Systems, Information Technology, and Urban development.
A well-known alumni of the university is Gerhard Schulmeyer. Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences is part of the IT-Cluster Rhine-Main-Neckar, the "Silicon Valley of Europe".
History
The earliest predecessor of the Frankfurt University of Applied Sciences, the "Königliche Baugewerkschule" was founded in 1908, and the "Royal College of Mechanical Engineering" was founded in 1910. The Fachhochschule Frankfurt am Main was created on 1 August 1971 by integrating various predecessor institutions, including the Higher School of Social Work, the State Higher Economic School (HWS), and engineering schools. The Fachh |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Desmond%20Herbert | Desmond Andrew Herbert (17 June 1898 – 8 September 1976) was an Australian botanist.
The son of a fruit-grower, Herbert was born in Diamond Creek, Victoria in 1898; was educated at Malvern State School and the Melbourne Church of England Grammar School, then matriculated to the University of Melbourne, from which he obtained a BSc in Biology in 1918 and a MSc in Botany in 1920. He was a nephew of Melbourne art collector and philanthropist John Henry Connell, who helped fund his education.
He began his botanic career in 1919 as a botanical assistant in the Explosives Section of Western Australia's Mines Department. He was later appointed Economic Botanist and Plant Pathologist for Western Australia, and also lectured part-time in agricultural botany and plant pathology at the University of Western Australia. During this time he made a number of collecting expeditions in south-west Western Australia, and published a number of plant taxa, of which Daviesia uniflora, Xanthorrhoea brevistyla and Xanthorrhoea nana (dwarf grasstree) remain current. In 1921, he published a book, The Poison Plants of Western Australia.
In 1921, Herbert took up a position as Professor of Plant Physiology and Pathology at the University of the Philippines. On 11 December 1922 he married his assistant Vera McNeilance Prowse, daughter of John Henry Prowse; they had two sons and two daughters. Herbert returned to Australia in 1924, joining the Botany Department of the University of Queensland. Initiall |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institute%20of%20Biological%20Engineering | The Institute of Biological Engineering or IBE is a non-profit professional organization which encourages inquiry and interest in the field of biological engineering.
Overview
IBE promotes the view that biological engineering is a science-based, application-independent discipline that is aligned with the perspective and foundation of biology. IBE espouses the view that biological engineers should possess the scientific knowledge of biology, including its philosophical views, be proficient in the principles and practices of engineering, and be capable of integrating discoveries from multiple disciplines to design sustainable solutions.
IBE supports:
Scholarship in education, research and service.
Professional standards for engineering practices.
Professional and technical development of biological engineering.
Interactions among academia, industry and government.
Public understanding and responsible uses of biological engineering products.
Through publications, meetings, distribution of information and services, IBE encourages:
Cooperation among engineers, scientists, technologists and allied professionals.
Timely availability of new knowledge and technology.
Collaboration in education, research and economic activities worldwide
Active promotion and growth of its members.
History
The IBE was established in 1995 to encourage inquiry and interest in biological engineering in the broadest and most liberal manner and promote the professional development of its members. The o |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lipid%20polymorphism | Polymorphism in biophysics is the ability of lipids to aggregate in a variety of ways, giving rise to structures of different shapes, known as "phases". This can be in the form of spheres of lipid molecules (micelles), pairs of layers that face one another (lamellar phase, observed in biological systems as a lipid bilayer), a tubular arrangement (hexagonal), or various cubic phases (Fdm, Imm, Iam, Pnm, and Pmm being those discovered so far). More complicated aggregations have also been observed, such as rhombohedral, tetragonal and orthorhombic phases.
It forms an important part of current academic research in the fields of membrane biophysics (polymorphism), biochemistry (biological impact) and organic chemistry (synthesis).
Determination of the topology of a lipid system is possible by a number of methods, the most reliable of which is x-ray diffraction. This uses a beam of x-rays that are scattered by the sample, giving a diffraction pattern as a set of rings. The ratio of the distances of these rings from the central point indicates which phase(s) are present.
The structural phase of the aggregation is influenced by the ratio of lipids present, temperature, hydration, pressure and ionic strength (and type).
Hexagonal phases
In lipid polymorphism, if the packing ratio of lipids is greater or less than one, lipid membranes can form two separate hexagonal phases, or nonlamellar phases, in which long, tubular aggregates form according to the environment in which the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fulvene | Fulvene (pentafulvene) is a hydrocarbon with the formula (CH=CH)2C=CH2. It is a prototype of a cross-conjugated hydrocarbon. Fulvene is rarely encountered, but substituted derivatives (fulvenes) are numerous. They are mainly of interest as ligands and precursors to ligands in organometallic chemistry.
See also
Fulvalene
Methylenecyclopropene
References
Hydrocarbons
Vinylidene compounds
Cyclopentadienes |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz%20Ursell | Fritz Joseph Ursell FRS (28 April 1923 – 11 May 2012) was a British mathematician noted for his contributions to fluid mechanics, especially in the area of wave-structure interactions. He held the Beyer Chair of Applied Mathematics at the University of Manchester from 1961 to 1990, was elected Fellow of the Royal Society in 1972 and retired in 1990.
Education
Ursell came to England as a Jewish refugee in 1937 from Germany. From 1941 to 1943 he studied at Trinity College, Cambridge, graduating with a bachelor degree in mathematics.
Career
At the end of 1943 Ursell joined the Admiralty as a part of a team—headed by George Deacon (not John Deacon) —whose task was to formulate rules for forecasting waves for the allied landings in Japan. Their findings have become the basis of modern wave-forecasting. Ursell stayed in the Admiralty until 1947. In 1947 he was appointed to a post-doctoral fellowship in applied mathematics
at Manchester University without a doctorate. In 1950 he returned to Cambridge as lecturer. There he met G. I. Taylor. In 1957 he spent a year at Massachusetts Institute of Technology, having been invited by Arthur Ippen. In 1961 Ursell moved back to Manchester.
In 1994 Ursell was awarded the Gold Medal of the Institute of Mathematics and its Applications in recognition of his "outstanding contributions to mathematics and its applications over a period of years".
Scientific work
In 1957 he published together with Clive R. Chester and Bernard Friedman a classi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integrated%20Dynamics | Integrated Dynamics (abbreviated ID) is a private company in Pakistan that designs, manufactures and exports various types of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV). ID also provides consultancy and turn-key project commissioning for UAV systems.
Background
Integrated Dynamics supplies UAV platforms, flight control systems, C4I systems, data-links, payloads, ground support equipment and other accessories such as auxiliary power units, starters, battery management systems and launch/recovery systems. The company develop UAV models for both civilian and military uses on a 90,000 m² site, claiming to be "one of the largest UAV-dedicated R&D and manufacturing enterprises." ID has exported products to the US, Australia, Spain, South Korea and Libya.
Systems development
Integrated Dynamics claims that the bulk of its avionics and mission systems, including data and communications links, have been developed in-house. However, for smaller UAVs, ID is working with Colorado-based UAV Flight Systems to meet autopilot requirements.
According to ID officials, development work in the tactical segment potentially allows the company to supply sub-systems and components, such as airframes, to other UAV manufacturers and users. This potential market is being pursued alongside full systems development.
Civilian products
Border Eagle
A low altitude, short range surveillance UAV intended for monitoring national borders, introduced in 2003. Border Eagle Mk II is the latest updated version.
Militar |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypohalite | A hypohalite is an oxyanion containing a halogen in oxidation state +1. This includes hypoiodite, hypobromite and hypochlorite. In hypofluorite (oxyfluoride) the fluorine atom is in a −1 oxidation state.
Hypohalites are also encountered in organic chemistry, often as acyl hypohalites (see the Hunsdiecker reaction). Sodium hypohalite is used in the haloform reaction as a test for methyl ketones.
Structure
The Cl-O bond length in crystalline sodium hypochlorite pentahydrate, NaOCl·5H2O, is 1.686 Å, while in sodium hypobromite pentahydrate, NaOBr·5H2O, the Br–O bond length is 8% longer at 1.820 Å.
References
Hypohalites |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Strain%20scanning | In physics, strain scanning is the general name for various techniques that aim to measure the strain in a crystalline material through its effect on the diffraction of X-rays and neutrons. In these methods the material itself is used as a form of strain gauge.
The various methods are derived from powder diffraction but look for the small shifts in the diffraction spectrum that indicate a change in a lattice parameter instead of trying to derive unknown structural information. By comparing the lattice parameter to a known reference value it is possible to determine the. If sufficient measurements are made in different directions it is possible to derive the strain tensor. If the elastic properties of the material are known, one can then compute the stress tensor.
Principles
At its most basic level strain scanning uses shifts in Bragg diffraction peaks to determine the strain. Strain is defined as the change in length (shift in lattice parameter, d) divided by the original length (unstrained lattice parameter, d0). In diffraction based strain scanning this becomes the change in peak position divided by the original position. The precise equation is presented in terms of diffraction angle, energy, or - for relatively slow moving neutrons - time of flight:
Methods
The details of the technique are heavily influenced by the type of radiation used since lab X-rays, synchrotron X-rays and neutrons have very different properties. Nevertheless, there is considerable overlap betwe |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20H.%20Barschall | Henry Herman ("Heinz") Barschall (April 29, 1915 – February 4, 1997) was a German-American physicist.
Biography
Barschall was born as Heinrich Hermann Barschall in Berlin, Germany; his father was a patent attorney who had received a Ph.D. in chemistry after studying with Nobel Laureates Emil Fischer and Fritz Haber. After beginning study in several universities in Germany, he emigrated to the United States in 1937 during the early Holocaust period; though raised as a Lutheran, he had some Jewish ancestry. He received his Ph.D. from Princeton University in 1940 under the direction of Rudolf Ladenburg; he also worked closely with John A. Wheeler. After a suggestion by Niels Bohr, he carried out in only a few days with fellow graduate student Morton H. Kanner the first demonstration of fission by fast neutrons and thorium and uranium. His thesis was on the interaction of fast neutrons with helium. In a paper with John A. Wheeler he reported the discovery of spin-orbit coupling in neutron scattering.
He worked at the University of Kansas, and then at the Manhattan Project in Los Alamos, New Mexico continuing his work with fast neutrons. In 1946 he joined the University of Wisconsin–Madison, where he remained for most of his career following a program on determining fast neutron cross-sections, directing the doctoral dissertation research of over forty students. In 1970, his laboratory was destroyed by a terrorist attack on a military research facility there, which seriousl |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gudlavalleru%20Engineering%20College | Seshadri Rao Gudlavalleru Engineering College is located at Gudlavalleru, Krishna District, Andhra Pradesh, India.
Departments
Engineering Departments
Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Electronics and Communication Engineering
Civil Engineering
Computer Science & Engineering
Information Technology
Mechanical Engineering
Artificial Intelligence and Data Science
Internet of Things
Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning
Science & humanities departments
Chemistry Department
English Department
Mathematics Department
Physics Department
Professional Departments
Master of Business Administration
Library Science Department
Physical Education
Genesis and growth of the college
Gudlavalleru Engineering College was established in 1998, by the pragmatic, sagacious and prudent Sri Vallurupalli Venkata Rama Seshadri Rao , who was also a role model to the staff members. He is affectionately called as “The Father of Gudlavalleru Engineering College”. The institution is presently marching forward under the dynamic leadership of Dr. Nageswara Rao Vallurupalli present Chairman, as advisor was instrumental in the growth of the college in the initial 10 years. College was established in under the AANM & VVRSR Educational Society with an intake of 180 students with four branches of study. The present intake of the college in B.Tech is 1416( Additionally, 10% of sanctioned intake are admitted at First year B.Tech under EWS, and 10% of sanctioned intake are admitted |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erkki%20Hartikainen |
Erkki Juhani Hartikainen (24 June 1942, in Finland – 11 July 2021) was the chairman of Atheist Association of Finland ("Suomen Ateistiyhdistys" in Finnish, an atheistic association in Finland). He qualified for a Master of Science in the University of Helsinki in 1967. His subjects were mathematics, theoretical philosophy and computer science. Hartikainen has been the chairman of Atheist Association of Finland since 1985.
Hartikainen has served as the actuary since the late 1960s, for nearly 20 years as a teacher of mathematics and science in schools, and after that, since 1989, as teacher of information technology at a college in Vantaa. From 1994–1998, he worked as a statistician in Vantaa. Hartikainen retired in 2005.
In Union of Freethinkers of Finland ("Vapaa-ajattelijan liitto" in Finnish, the biggest atheist association in Finland) Hartikainen operated for 40 years, as a chairman in 1999–2005. He was one of the leading atheist freethinkers in Finland. He was the editor in chief of the Freethinkers Union's Vapaa Ajattelija magazine for several periods since 1969. In 1982–1983 as secretary general of the Union of Freethinkers his objective was get to Finland the teaching of the "elämänkatsomustieto" ("life stance education", an alternative to religion teaching in schools), which indeed came true later.
Hartikainen complained to the human rights committee of the United Nations from the curriculum of the comprehensive school subject of the "uskontojen historia ja siveys |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linton%20Brooks | Linton Forrestall Brooks (born August 15, 1938) is an American government official who served as the Under Secretary of Energy for Nuclear Security from 2002 to 2007.
Early life and education
Born in Boston, Brooks earned a Bachelor of Science degree in physics from Duke University and a Master of Arts in government and politics from the University of Maryland. He also studied operations at the Naval War College. Brooks served as an officer in the United States Navy, commanding the nuclear-powered attack submarine and retiring as a captain.
Career
Prior to joining the George W. Bush Administration, Brooks was a vice president at the Center for Naval Analyses (CNA) and an advisor to Sandia National Laboratories. Brooks also served as Assistant Director for Strategic and Nuclear Affairs at the Arms Control and Disarmament Agency and was Head of the U.S. Delegation on Nuclear and Space Talks and Chief Strategic Arms Reductions (START) negotiator in the State Department with the rank of ambassador. In this latter capacity, he was responsible for final preparation of the START I Treaty, signed by Presidents Bush and Russian President Mikhail Gorbachev in Moscow on July 31, 1991. In December 1992, he performed a similar function during the final preparation of the January 3, 1993, START II Treaty.
National Nuclear Security Administration
Brooks was sworn in as Under Secretary of Energy for Nuclear Security on May 16, 2003, responsible for managing the National Nuclear Securi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spherical%20mean | In mathematics, the spherical mean of a function around a point is the average of all values of that function on a sphere of given radius centered at that point.
Definition
Consider an open set U in the Euclidean space Rn and a continuous function u defined on U with real or complex values. Let x be a point in U and r > 0 be such that the closed ball B(x, r) of center x and radius r is contained in U. The spherical mean over the sphere of radius r centered at x is defined as
where ∂B(x, r) is the (n − 1)-sphere forming the boundary of B(x, r), dS denotes integration with respect to spherical measure and ωn−1(r) is the "surface area" of this (n − 1)-sphere.
Equivalently, the spherical mean is given by
where ωn−1 is the area of the (n − 1)-sphere of radius 1.
The spherical mean is often denoted as
The spherical mean is also defined for Riemannian manifolds in a natural manner.
Properties and uses
From the continuity of it follows that the function is continuous, and that its limit as is
Spherical means can be used to solve the Cauchy problem for the wave equation in odd space dimension. The result, known as Kirchhoff's formula, is derived by using spherical means to reduce the wave equation in (for odd ) to the wave equation in , and then using d'Alembert's formula. The expression itself is presented in wave equation article.
If is an open set in and is a C2 function defined on , then is harmonic if and only if for all in and all such that t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phase%20space%20method | In applied mathematics, the phase space method is a technique for constructing and analyzing solutions of dynamical systems, that is, solving time-dependent differential equations.
The method consists of first rewriting the equations as a system of differential equations that are first-order in time, by introducing additional variables. The original and the new variables form a vector in the phase space. The solution then becomes a curve in the phase space, parametrized by time. The curve is usually called a trajectory or an orbit. The (vector) differential equation is reformulated as a geometrical description of the curve, that is, as a differential equation in terms of the phase space variables only, without the original time parametrization. Finally, a solution in the phase space is transformed back into the original setting.
The phase space method is used widely in physics. It can be applied, for example, to find traveling wave solutions of reaction–diffusion systems.
See also
Reaction–diffusion system
Fisher's equation
References
Partial differential equations
Dynamical systems |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F.%20Stuart%20Chapin%20III | F. Stuart Chapin III (or Terry Chapin) (born February 2, 1944) is a professor of Ecology at the Department of Biology and Wildlife of the Institute of Arctic Biology, University of Alaska. He was President of the Ecological Society of America (ESA) from August 2010 until 2011.
The grandson of sociologist F. Stuart Chapin, Chapin III is better known to students and colleagues as 'Terry'. Chapin also serves as principal investigator of the Bonanza Creek Long-Term Ecological Research (LTER) program, and has a background in plant physiological ecology and ecosystem ecology. His current research interests focus on the resilience of social-ecological systems. As director of the graduate educational program in Resilience and Adaptation at the University of Alaska, Fairbanks, Chapin studies human-fire interactions in the boreal forest. As President of ESA, he plans to address the "critical issue" of planetary stewardship. With Mary Power and Steward Pickett, Chapin is leading a Planetary Stewardship initiative “whose goal is to reorient society toward a more sustainable relationship with the biosphere.”
In 2019 Terry Chapin won the Volvo Environment Prize. The jury citation states: "Professor Terry Chapin is not only a world-leading ecologist, he is also one of the world’s most profound thinkers and actors on stewardship of the Earth System. [...] His work will have a long-lasting impact on the ways we seek to build a sustainable future, with the concept of Earth Stewardship suppor |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semifield | In mathematics, a semifield is an algebraic structure with two binary operations, addition and multiplication, which is similar to a field, but with some axioms relaxed.
Overview
The term semifield has two conflicting meanings, both of which include fields as a special case.
In projective geometry and finite geometry (MSC 51A, 51E, 12K10), a semifield is a nonassociative division ring with multiplicative identity element. More precisely, it is a nonassociative ring whose nonzero elements form a loop under multiplication. In other words, a semifield is a set S with two operations + (addition) and · (multiplication), such that
(S,+) is an abelian group,
multiplication is distributive on both the left and right,
there exists a multiplicative identity element, and
division is always possible: for every a and every nonzero b in S, there exist unique x and y in S for which b·x = a and y·b = a.
Note in particular that the multiplication is not assumed to be commutative or associative. A semifield that is associative is a division ring, and one that is both associative and commutative is a field. A semifield by this definition is a special case of a quasifield. If S is finite, the last axiom in the definition above can be replaced with the assumption that there are no zero divisors, so that a·b = 0 implies that a = 0 or b = 0. Note that due to the lack of associativity, the last axiom is not equivalent to the assumption that every nonzero element has a multiplicative inv |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Black-bag%20cryptanalysis | In cryptography, black-bag cryptanalysis is a euphemism for the acquisition of cryptographic secrets via burglary, or other covert means – rather than mathematical or technical cryptanalytic attack. The term refers to the black bag of equipment that a burglar would carry or a black bag operation.
As with rubber-hose cryptanalysis, this is technically not a form of cryptanalysis; the term is used sardonically. However, given the free availability of very high strength cryptographic systems, this type of attack is a much more serious threat to most users than mathematical attacks because it is often much easier to attempt to circumvent cryptographic systems (e.g. steal the password) than to attack them directly.
Regardless of the technique used, such methods are intended to capture highly sensitive information e.g. cryptographic keys, key-rings, passwords or unencrypted plaintext. The required information is usually copied without removing or destroying it, so capture often takes place without the victim realizing it has occurred.
Methods
In addition to burglary, the covert means might include the installation of keystroke logging or trojan horse software or hardware installed on (or near to) target computers or ancillary devices. It is even possible to monitor the electromagnetic emissions of computer displays or keyboards from a distance of 20 metres (or more), and thereby decode what has been typed. This could be done by surveillance technicians, or via some form of bug c |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max%20Planck%20Institute%20for%20Marine%20Microbiology |
The Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology is located in Bremen, Germany. It was founded in 1992, almost a year after the foundation of its sister institute, the Max Planck Institute for Terrestrial Microbiology at Marburg. In 1996, the institute moved into new buildings at the campus of the University of Bremen. It is one of 80 institutes in the Max Planck Society (Max Planck Gesellschaft).
Currently, the institute consists of three departments with several associated research groups:
Biogeochemistry (headed by Dr. Marcel Kuypers)
Molecular Ecology (headed Prof. Dr. Rudolf Amann)
Symbiosis (headed by Prof. Dr. Nicole Dubilier)
Additionally, the following research groups reside in the institute.
Microbial Physiology (headed by Dr. Boran Kartal)
Greenhouse Gases (headed Dr. Jana Milucka)
Microbial Genomics and Bioinformatics (headed by Prof. Dr. Frank Oliver Glöckner)
Flow Cytometry (headed by Dr. Bernhard Fuchs)
Metabolic Interactions (headed by Dr. Manuel Liebeke)
Microsensors (headed by Dr. Dirk de Beer)
HGF MPG Joint Research Group for Deep-Sea Ecology and Technology (headed by Prof. Dr. Antje Boetius)
MARUM MPG Bridge Group Marine Glycobiology (headed Dr. Jan-Hendrik Hehemann)
Max Planck Research Group Microbial Metabolism (headed by Dr. Tristan Wagner)
Marine Geochemistry Group (headed by Prof. Dr. Thorsten Dittmar)
Max Planck Research Group for Marine Isotope Geochemistry (headed by Dr. Katharine Pahnke-May)
Degree programme
The MPI for Marine |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kier | Kier may refer to:
Kier (industrial), a type of boiler or vat
Kier Group, a business active in building and civil engineering
Kier Eagan, the fictional founder of Lumon Industries in the Apple TV series Severance
People with the surname
Avery Kier, American military officer
David Kier, American government official
Hiltrud Kier, Austrian art historian and academic
Justin Kier, American basketball player
Lemont Kier, American chemist and pharmacologist
Olaf Kier, British businessman
Samuel Kier, American inventor and businessman
Udo Kier, German actor |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrostatic%20deflection%20%28molecular%20physics/nanotechnology%29 | In molecular physics/nanotechnology, electrostatic deflection is the deformation of a beam-like structure/element bent by an electric field. It can be due to interaction between electrostatic fields and net charge or electric polarization effects. The beam-like structure/element is generally cantilevered (fix at one of its ends). In nanomaterials, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are typical ones for electrostatic deflections.
Mechanisms of electric deflection due to electric polarization can be understood as follows:
When a material is brought into an electric field (E), the field tends to shift the positive charge (in red) and the negative charge (in blue) in opposite directions. Thus, induced dipoles are created. Fig. 3 shows a beam-like structure/element in an electric field. The interaction between the molecular dipole moment and the electric field results an induced torque (T). Then this torque tends to align the beam toward the direction of field.
In case of a cantilevered CNT, it would be bent to the field direction. Meanwhile the electrically induced torque and stiffness of the CNT compete against each other. This deformation has been observed in experiments. This property is an important characteristic for CNTs promising nanoelectromechanical systems applications, as well as for their fabrication, separation and electromanipulation. Recently, several nanoelectromechanical systems based on cantilevered CNTs have been reported such as: nanorelays, nanoswitches, nanotweezers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20Massachusetts%20Lowell%20Radiation%20Laboratory | The Radiation Laboratory at the US University of Massachusetts Lowell serves the Department of Applied Physics among others. The laboratory contains a 1 MW pool-type nuclear research reactor (UMLRR) that has been operating since 1974, a 300 kCi Co-60 gamma ray source, and a 5.5 MV Van de Graaff accelerator.
Reactor
First startup was January 2, 1975. A budget for the reactor is not provided from the university or from the state; funding comes from customer irradiations, grants, and the United States Department of Energy.
Conversion to LEU
The UMass Lowell reactor has been one of the many research reactors to make the conversion from high-enriched Uranium to low-enriched Uranium as a part of anti-terrorism security measures. The used HEU fuel was reportedly shipped to the Savannah River Site. The original shipping date was June 2002 but had been postponed many times. As of present-day the shipments have been made and the reactor is in operation with LEU.
Neutron Irradiation Capabilities
Neutron irradiation facilities at the UMLRR include: 1x 8-inch beam port, 2x 6-inch beam ports, in-core radiation baskets & flux trap, thermal column, and fast neutron irradiator (FNI).
References
External links
Applied Physics Departmental Site
ABC's Radioactive Roadtrip Security Review
Nuclear research reactors
R
1975 establishments in Massachusetts |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tosun%20Terzio%C4%9Flu | Tosun Terzioğlu (13 March 1942 − 23 February 2016) was a Turkish mathematician and academic administrator.
Terzioğlu was born in İstanbul, Turkey. He graduated from Robert College in 1961. He studied mathematics at Newcastle University, UK and received his BS in 1965. He earned his PhD from Frankfurt University in Germany in 1968. Between 1968-1994, he taught at Middle East Technical University (METU) in Ankara. He worked as a visiting professor at the University of Michigan between 1975–1976 and University of Wuppertal in Germany between 1982-1983. He had been the president of the Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (TÜBİTAK) between 1992-1997. He was later the president of Sabancı University, Istanbul. He died at the age of 74 at Istanbul in 2016.
His father, Nazim Terzioglu was also a mathematician.
References
External links
His entry in Sabanci University's directory
Curriculum vitae
1942 births
2016 deaths
Turkish mathematicians
Academic staff of Sabancı University
Rectors of universities and colleges in Turkey
Goethe University Frankfurt alumni
Robert College alumni
University of Michigan faculty |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max%20Planck%20Institute%20of%20Microstructure%20Physics | The Max Planck Institute of Microstructure Physics in Halle (Saale) is a research institute in Germany in the field of materials research. It was founded in 1992 by Hellmut Fischmeister and is a follow-up to the German Academy of Sciences Institute of Solid State Physics and Electron Microscopy. The institute moved into new buildings from 1997 till 1999. It is one of 84 institutes in the Max Planck Society (Max-Planck-Gesellschaft).
The institute has three main departments:
Stuart Parkin
Joyce Poon
Xinliang Feng
Former departments include the following:
The Theory Department, headed by Prof. Eberhard Gross, mainly carries out theoretical research on the electronic, magnetic, optical, and electrical properties of micro- and nanostructured solid-state systems'.
The Experimental Department 1, headed by Prof. Jürgen Kirschner, mainly deals with the magnetic properties of dimensionally reduced systems and their dependence on electronic structure, crystalline structure and morphology.
The Experimental Department 2, headed by Prof. Ulrich Gösele, is focussed on the scientific understanding, design and fabrication of new materials for information, communication, engineering as well as bio-technological applications.
The Experimental Department 3, headed by Prof. Johannes Heydenreich, is focused on analytical methods using high-resolution electronic microscopy.
PhD program
The Max Planck Institute for Microstructure Physics, the Martin Luther University of Halle-Wittenberg, an |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Polar%20Research | Polar Research is a biannual peer-reviewed scientific journal covering natural and social scientific research on the polar regions. It is published by the Norwegian Polar Institute. It covers a wide range of fields from biology to oceanography, including socio-economic and management topics. According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2014 impact factor of 1.141.
References
External links
Biology journals
Ecology journals
Geography journals
Academic journals established in 1982
Biannual journals
English-language journals
1982 establishments in Norway
Antarctic research
Glaciology journals |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Classification%20of%20Fatou%20components | In mathematics, Fatou components are components of the Fatou set. They were named after Pierre Fatou.
Rational case
If f is a rational function
defined in the extended complex plane, and if it is a nonlinear function (degree > 1)
then for a periodic component of the Fatou set, exactly one of the following holds:
contains an attracting periodic point
is parabolic
is a Siegel disc: a simply connected Fatou component on which f(z) is analytically conjugate to a Euclidean rotation of the unit disc onto itself by an irrational rotation angle.
is a Herman ring: a double connected Fatou component (an annulus) on which f(z) is analytically conjugate to a Euclidean rotation of a round annulus, again by an irrational rotation angle.
Attracting periodic point
The components of the map contain the attracting points that are the solutions to . This is because the map is the one to use for finding solutions to the equation by Newton–Raphson formula. The solutions must naturally be attracting fixed points.
Herman ring
The map
and t = 0.6151732... will produce a Herman ring. It is shown by Shishikura that the degree of such map must be at least 3, as in this example.
More than one type of component
If degree d is greater than 2 then there is more than one critical point and then can be more than one type of component
Transcendental case
Baker domain
In case of transcendental functions there is another type of periodic Fatou components, called Baker domain: these ar |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pair%20potential | In physics, a pair potential is a function that describes the potential energy of two interacting objects solely as a function of the distance between them.
Some interactions, like Coulomb's law in electrodynamics or Newton's law of universal gravitation in mechanics naturally have this form for simple spherical objects.
For other types of more complex interactions or objects it is useful and common to approximate the interaction by a pair potential, for example interatomic potentials in physics and computational chemistry that use approximations like the Lennard-Jones and Morse potentials.
Functional form
The total energy of a system of objects in positions , that interact through pair potential is given by
This expression uses the fact that interaction is symmetric between particles and .
It also avoids self-interaction by do not including the case when .
Potential range
A fundamental property of a pair potential is its range.
It is expected that pair potentials go to zero for infinite distance as particles that are too far apart do not interact.
In some cases the potential goes quickly to zero and the interaction for particles that are beyond a certain distance can be assumed to be zero, these are said to be short-range potentials.
Other potentials, like the Coulomb or gravitational potential, are long range: they go slowly to zero and the contribution of particles at long distances still contributes to the total energy.
Computational cost
The total energy ex |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen%20David%20Ross | Stephen David Ross (born 1935) is an American philosopher, currently Distinguished Research Professor of Philosophy, Interpretation, and Culture and of Comparative Literature at Binghamton University. He has published over 30 books in interdisciplinary philosophy, especially on art, literature, ethics, and metaphysics, from American pragmatism through poststructuralism, from human beings to animals and things.
Biography
He was born May 4, 1935, to Allan Ross and Bessie Schlosberg. He studied mathematics at Columbia University, where he received an MA in 1957, and a PhD in philosophy in 1961. He taught philosophy at the University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee and the University of Colorado in Boulder before moving to Binghamton University/State University of New York in 1967. He married Marilyn Gaddis Rose in 1968.
He spent the rest of his teaching career in Binghamton, where he helped create two interdisciplinary PhD programs, one in Philosophy, Literature, and the Theory of Criticism in the Department of Comparative Literature, the second in Philosophy, Interpretation, and Culture (PIC), located first in the Department of Philosophy, later becoming an independent program. He was appointed Distinguished Professor of Philosophy, Interpretation, and Culture and of Comparative Literature in 2006. He is currently Alfred North Whitehead Fellow in the European Graduate School, Saas-Fee, Switzerland. He was editor of the journal International Studies in Philosophy from 1979 to 2011.
Wo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geoff%20Smith%20%28mathematician%29 | Geoffrey Charles Smith, MBE (born 1953) is a British mathematician. He is Senior Lecturer in Mathematics at the University of Bath (where he works in group theory) and current professor in residence at Wells Cathedral School.
He was educated at Trinity School in Croydon, and attended Keble College, Oxford, the University of Warwick, and the University of Manchester, where he gained a Ph.D. in group theory in 1983.
Smith was the leader of the United Kingdom team at the International Mathematical Olympiad between 2002 and 2010, a longer continuous period than any other person. He returned to the position as leader of the British Mathematical Olympiad from 2013.
Smith oversaw a quantitative increase in training: annual events in Bath (moving to The Queen's College, Oxford, from 2009), at Oundle School, in Hungary, at Trinity College, Cambridge, and immediately prior to the IMO itself. He also thrice won the IMO Golden Microphone, awarded to the national team leader who makes the most speeches to the IMO Jury. In 2010, he was elected to the IMO Advisory Board for a four-year period. Smith was elected as the chair of the International Mathematical Olympiad for the term of 2014-2018 and was re-elected in 2018.
Smith also prepared UK teams for the Romanian Masters in Mathematics tournament (which they won in 2008), and for participation as guests at the annual Balkan Mathematical Olympiad.
As well as group theory, he is also interested in Euclidean geometry. He often collabora |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCEP | TCEP (tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine) is a reducing agent frequently used in biochemistry and molecular biology applications. It is often prepared and used as a hydrochloride salt (TCEP-HCl) with a molecular weight of 286.65 gram/mol. It is soluble in water and available as a stabilized solution at neutral pH and immobilized onto an agarose support to facilitate removal of the reducing agent.
Applications
TCEP is often used as a reducing agent to break disulfide bonds within and between proteins as a preparatory step for gel electrophoresis.
Compared to the other two most common agents used for this purpose (dithiothreitol and β-mercaptoethanol), TCEP has the advantages of being odorless, a more powerful reducing agent, an irreversible reducing agent (in the sense that TCEP does not regenerate—the end product of TCEP-mediated disulfide cleavage is in fact two free thiols/cysteines), more hydrophilic, and more resistant to oxidation in air. It also does not reduce metals used in immobilized metal affinity chromatography.
TCEP is particularly useful when labeling cysteine residues with maleimides. TCEP can keep the cysteines from forming di-sulfide bonds and, unlike dithiothreitol and β-mercaptoethanol, it will not react as readily with the maleimide. However, TCEP has been reported to react with maleimide under certain conditions.
TCEP is also used in the tissue homogenization process for RNA isolation.
For Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy applications, TCEP is useful wh |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petros%20Protopapadakis | Petros Protopapadakis (; 1854–1922) was a politician and Prime Minister of Greece from May to September 1922.
Life and work
Born in 1860 in Apeiranthos, Naxos, Protopapadakis studied mathematics and engineering in Paris but was keenly interested in politics. He was a professor at the Scholi Evelpidon, the military academy of Greece.
Protopadakis was elected to the Hellenic Parliament in 1902 as a member of the conservative Nationalist Party. He later joined the People's Party and served as Minister of Economy and later, in the government of Dimitrios Gounaris, he was the Justice Minister (1921–22). In 1922, during the ill-fated Greco-Turkish War, Protopapadakis was asked to form a government by King Constantine when Gounaris resigned after almost losing a vote of confidence. Protopapadakis became Prime Minister and Gounaris the Justice Minister. Protopapadakis remained in his position for a little more than 3 months, as he was overthrown by a military coup d'état.
Death
Protopapadakis was executed in the Trial of the Six proceedings at Goudi on November 1922, along with the other five most senior members of his government.
See also
History of Modern Greece
References
19th-century births
1922 deaths
20th-century prime ministers of Greece
People from Naxos
Prime Ministers of Greece
Greek people of the Greco-Turkish War (1919–1922)
People's Party (Greece) politicians
People executed for treason against Greece
People executed by Greece by firing squad
Executed prime mi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Texas%20Neurosciences%20Institute | The Texas Neurosciences Institute (TNI) is the name of a medical office building in San Antonio, Texas.
The building is adjacent to the University of Texas Health Science Center medical school. Medical specialties in the building include pediatrics, pediatric hematology/oncology, gastroenterology, neurosurgery, internal medicine, etc. There are also diagnostic labs and radiology imaging centers located there.
See also
South Texas Medical Center
References
External links
Official Website
South Texas Medical Center
Neuroscience research centers in the United States
Medical research institutes in Texas |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computational%20mathematics | Computational mathematics is an area of mathematics devoted to the interaction between mathematics and computer computation.
A large part of computational mathematics consists roughly of using mathematics for allowing and improving computer computation in areas of science and engineering where mathematics are useful. This involves in particular algorithm design, computational complexity, numerical methods and computer algebra.
Computational mathematics refers also to the use of computers for mathematics itself. This includes mathematical experimentation for establishing conjectures (particularly in number theory), the use of computers for proving theorems (for example the four color theorem), and the design and use of proof assistants.
Areas of computational mathematics
Computational mathematics emerged as a distinct part of applied mathematics by the early 1950s. Currently, computational mathematics can refer to or include:
Computational science, also known as scientific computation or computational engineering
Solving mathematical problems by computer simulation as opposed to analytic methods of applied mathematics
Numerical methods used in scientific computation, for example numerical linear algebra and numerical solution of partial differential equations
Stochastic methods, such as Monte Carlo methods and other representations of uncertainty in scientific computation
The mathematics of scientific computation, in particular numerical analysis, the theory of numeri |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikhail%20Khovanov | Mikhail Khovanov (; born 1972) is a Russian-American professor of mathematics at Columbia University who works on representation theory, knot theory, and algebraic topology. He is known for introducing Khovanov homology for links, which was one of the first examples of categorification.
Education and career
Khovanov graduated from Moscow State School 57 mathematical class in 1988. He earned a PhD in mathematics from Yale University in 1997, where he studied under Igor Frenkel.
Khovanov was a faculty member at UC Davis before moving to Columbia University.
He is a half-brother of Tanya Khovanova.
References
External links
Khovanov's faculty page at Columbia.
List of Khovanov's publications.
1972 births
Living people
20th-century American mathematicians
21st-century American mathematicians
Topologists
Columbia University faculty
Yale University alumni |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RoboMind | RoboMind is a simple educational programming environment with its own scripting language that allows beginners to learn the basics of computer science by programming a simulated robot. In addition to introducing common programming techniques, it also aims at offering insights in robotics and artificial intelligence.
RoboMind is available as stand-alone application for Windows, Linux, and Mac OS X. It was first released in 2005 and was originally developed by Arvid Halma, a student of the University of Amsterdam at the time. Since 2011, RoboMind has been published by Research Kitchen.
The simulation environment
The application is built around a two-dimensional grid world in which a robot can move around, observe neighboring cells, or mark them by leaving a paint trail. The world may also contain so-called beacons that can be carried around by the robot in order to clear its way.
Since version 4.0, it is possible to export RoboMind scripts to robots in the real world directly. Currently, Lego Mindstorms NXT 2.0 are supported.
The scripting language
RoboMind offers a basic scripting language that consists of a concise set of rules. Apart from commands to make the robot perform basic movement instructions, the control flow can be modified by conditional branching (if-then-else), loops (while) and calls to custom procedures.
Example script to draw square:
paintWhite
repeat(4) {
forward(2)
right
}
Recursive line follower example:
follow
procedure follow{
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electrostatic%20deflection%20%28structural%20element%29 | In molecular physics/nanotechnology, electrostatic deflection is the deformation of a beam-like structure/element bent by an electric field (Fig. 1). It can be due to interaction between electrostatic fields and net charge or electric polarization effects. The beam-like structure/element is generally
cantilevered (fix at one of its ends). In nanomaterials, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are typical ones for electrostatic deflections.
Mechanisms of electric deflection due to electric polarization can be understood as follows:
As shown in Fig.2, when a material is brought into an electric field (E), the field tends to shift the positive charge (in red) and the negative charge (in blue) in opposite directions. Thus, induced dipoles are created. Fig. 3 shows a beam-like structure/element in an electric field. The interaction between the molecular dipole moment and the electric field results an induced torque (T). Then this torque tends to align the beam toward the direction of field.
In case of a cantilevered CNT (Fig. 1), it would be bent to the field direction. Meanwhile, the electrically induced torque and stiffness of the CNT compete against each other. This deformation has been observed in experiments. This property is an important characteristic for CNTs promising nanoelectromechanical systems applications, as well as for their fabrication, separation and electromanipulation. Recently, several nanoelectromechanical systems based on cantilevered CNTs have been reported such as: |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katia%20Sycara | Ekaterini Panagiotou Sycara () is a Greek computer scientist. She is an Edward Fredkin Research Professor of Robotics in the Robotics Institute, School of Computer Science at Carnegie Mellon University internationally known for her research in artificial intelligence, particularly in the fields of negotiation, autonomous agents and multi-agent systems. She directs the Advanced Agent-Robotics Technology Lab at Robotics Institute, Carnegie Mellon University. She also serves as academic advisor for PhD students at both Robotics Institute and Tepper School of Business.
Education and early life
Born in Greece, she went to the United States to pursue advanced education through various scholarships, including a Fulbright (1965-1969). She received a B.S. in applied mathematics from Brown University, M.S. in electrical engineering from the University of Wisconsin–Milwaukee, and PhD in computer science from Georgia Institute of Technology.
Research and career
Sycara is a pioneer in the field of semantic web, case-based reasoning, autonomous agents and multi-agent systems.
She has authored or co-authored more than 700 technical papers dealing with multi-agent systems, software agents, web services, semantic web, human–computer interaction, human-robot interaction, negotiation, case-based reasoning and the application of these techniques to crisis action planning, scheduling, manufacturing, healthcare management, financial planning and e-commerce. She has led multimillion-dollar rese |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Going%20Out%20of%20My%20Head | "Going Out of My Head" is a song by British big beat musician Fatboy Slim. It was released as a double A-side single with "Michael Jackson", released as the third and final single from his debut studio album Better Living Through Chemistry on 21 April 1997. The song contains prominent samples from Yvonne Elliman's "I Can't Explain" and Led Zeppelin's "The Crunge". It was featured in the films The Jackal and Like Mike.
Background and composition
Produced by Fatboy Slim for his debut studio album Better Living Through Chemistry (1996), "Going Out of My Head" features guitar riff samples from American singer Yvonne Elliman's cover version of "I Can't Explain", originally performed by English rock band The Who. It also samples drums from "The Crunge" by English rock band Led Zeppelin. A big beat song, "Going Out of My Head" incorporates musical elements such as shuffle drum beats and "Space Age sound effects" into its instrumentation. Primarily an instrumental track, the song's vocals consist solely of a repeating sample of a voice singing "Going out of my mind." Journalist Yoshi Kato, writing for the book 1001 Songs You Must Hear Before You Die, describes it as a "groovy dance-rock hybrid". Jon Dolan of City Pages remarked that the song "transmogrif[ies] '64 mod into '97 postmod" with its looping of the "I Can't Explain" riff around a "space-funk tune". "Michael Jackson" features samples of "Straight Outta Compton" by N.W.A, "Michael Jackson" by Negativland and "What Have We G |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skyline%20matrix | In scientific computing, skyline matrix storage, or SKS, or a variable band matrix storage, or envelope storage scheme is a form of a sparse matrix storage format matrix that reduces the storage requirement of a matrix more than banded storage. In banded storage, all entries within a fixed distance from the diagonal (called half-bandwidth) are stored. In column-oriented skyline storage, only the entries from the first nonzero entry to the last nonzero entry in each column are stored. There is also row oriented skyline storage, and, for symmetric matrices, only one triangle is usually stored.
Skyline storage has become very popular in the finite element codes for structural mechanics, because the skyline is preserved by Cholesky decomposition (a method of solving systems of linear equations with a symmetric, positive-definite matrix; all fill-in falls within the skyline), and systems of equations from finite elements have a relatively small skyline. In addition, the effort of coding skyline Cholesky is about same as for Cholesky for banded matrices (available for banded matrices, e.g. in LAPACK; for a prototype skyline code, see ).
Before storing a matrix in skyline format, the rows and columns are typically renumbered to reduce the size of the skyline (the number of nonzero entries stored) and to decrease the number of operations in the skyline Cholesky algorithm. The same heuristic renumbering algorithm that reduce the bandwidth are also used to reduce the skyline. The ba |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keystream | In cryptography, a keystream is a stream of random or pseudorandom characters that are combined with a plaintext message to produce an encrypted message (the ciphertext).
The "characters" in the keystream can be bits, bytes, numbers or actual characters like A-Z depending on the usage case.
Usually each character in the keystream is either added, subtracted or XORed with a character in the plaintext to produce the ciphertext, using modular arithmetic.
Keystreams are used in the one-time pad cipher and in most stream ciphers. Block ciphers can also be used to produce keystreams. For instance, CTR mode is a block mode that makes a block cipher produce a keystream and thus turns the block cipher into a stream cipher.
Example
In this simple example we use the English alphabet of 26 characters from a-z. Thus we can not encrypt numbers, commas, spaces and other symbols. The random numbers in the keystream then have to be at least between 0 and 25.
To encrypt we add the keystream numbers to the plaintext. And to decrypt we subtract the same keystream numbers from the ciphertext to get the plaintext.
If a ciphertext number becomes larger than 25 we wrap it to a value between 0-25. Thus 26 becomes 0 and 27 becomes 1 and so on. (Such wrapping is called modular arithmetic.)
Here the plaintext message "attack at dawn" is combined by addition with the keystream "kjcngmlhylyu" and produces the ciphertext "kcvniwlabluh".
References
Handbook of Applied Cryptography by Menezes, v |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marks%27%20Standard%20Handbook%20for%20Mechanical%20Engineers | Marks' Standard Handbook for Mechanical Engineers is a comprehensive handbook for the field of mechanical engineering. Originally based on the even older German , it was first published in 1916 by Lionel Simeon Marks. In 2017, its 12th edition, published by McGraw-Hill, marked the 100th anniversary of the work. The handbook was translated into several languages.
Lionel S. Marks was a professor of mechanical engineering at Harvard University and Massachusetts Institute of Technology in the early 1900s.
Topics
The 11th edition consists of 20 sections:
Mathematical Tables and Measuring Units
Mathematics
Mechanics of Solids and Fluids
Heat
Strength of Materials
Materials of Engineering
Fuels and Furnaces
Machine Elements
Power Generation
Materials Handling
Transportation
Building Construction and Equipment
Manufacturing Processes
Fans, Pumps, and Compressors
Electrical and Electronics Engineering
Instruments and Controls
Industrial Engineering
The Regulatory Environment
Refrigeration, Cryogenics, and Optics
Emerging Technologies
Editions
English editions:
1st edition, 1916, edited by Lionel Simeon Marks, based on the German
2nd edition, 1924, edited by Lionel Simeon Marks
3rd edition, 1930, Editor-in-Chief Lionel S. Marks, total issue 103,500, McGraw-Hill Book Co. Inc.
1941, edited by Lionel Peabody Marks
1951, edited by Lionel Peabody Marks and Alison Peabody Marks
1967, edited by Theodore Baumeister III
6th edition, 1958, edited by Eugene |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lincoln%20Walsh | Lincoln Walsh (November 3, 1903 – November 17, 1971) was an engineer and inventor.
Early life and education
Walsh received his B.S. in Electrical Engineering from Stevens Institute of Technology in 1926. He later studied at Columbia University and at Brooklyn Polytechnic Institute."LINCOLN WALSH, 68, OF ELECTRONIC FIRM", New York Times, Nov. 19, 1971.
Career
After World War II, he founded Brooks Electronics Inc. During the war, he worked with Rudy Bozak at the Dinion Coil Company in Caledonia, New York, developing high voltage power supplies for radar use. Walsh worked as a member of the War Planning Board.
Walsh may have been involved in the development of the Kettledrum Baffle that one associates with the first Bozak speaker systems. He redesigned the "Mark II" (Colossus computer) power supply to prolong the unit's life. Later, he was a consultant on very large transformer designs for power distribution. He also developed a high-quality AM radio receiver and an aircraft collision avoidance system.
Walsh´s interests extended to loudspeaker design. With the help of Bozak, he developed a direct-radiator design using a single speaker with an aluminum foil cone, operating out of a vertical column, and offering a wide frequency response. A Simple Quality Rating System for Loudspeakers and Audio Systems appeared in the Journal of the Audio Engineering Society for July, 1963. He went on to invent the wide-range coherent transmission-line loudspeaker, which was granted U |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saccharification | In biochemistry, saccharification is a term for denoting any chemical change wherein a monosaccharide molecule remains intact after becoming unbound from another saccharide.
For example, when a carbohydrate is broken into its component sugar molecules by hydrolysis (e.g., sucrose being broken down into glucose and fructose).
Enzymes such as amylases (e.g. in saliva) and glycoside hydrolase (e.g. within the brush border of the small intestine) are able to perform exact saccharification through enzymatic hydrolysis.
Through thermolysis, saccharification can also occur as a transient result, among many other possible effects, during caramelization.
See also
Glycosidic bond
Glycoside hydrolase
Gelation
References
Carbohydrate chemistry |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron%20Marchant | Ron Marchant CB was chief executive of the UK Patent Office, now known as the UK Intellectual Property Office, until 30 March 2007, when he retired. He currently works at the World Intellectual Property Organization.
Education
Ron Marchant has a BSc in Chemistry.
References
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Companions of the Order of the Bath |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science%20and%20technology%20of%20the%20Song%20dynasty | The Song dynasty (; 960–1279 CE) invented some technological advances in Chinese history, many of which came from talented statesmen drafted by the government through imperial examinations.
The ingenuity of advanced mechanical engineering had a long tradition in China. The Song engineer Su Song admitted that he and his contemporaries were building upon the achievements of the ancients such as Zhang Heng (78–139), an astronomer, inventor, and early master of mechanical gears. The application of movable type printing advanced the already widespread use of woodblock printing to educate and amuse Confucian students and the masses. The application of new weapons employing the use of gunpowder enabled the Song to ward off its militant enemies—the Liao, Western Xia, and Jin with weapons such as cannons—until its collapse to the Mongol forces of Kublai Khan in the late 13th century.
Notable advances in civil engineering, nautics, and metallurgy were made in Song China, as well as the introduction of the windmill to China during the thirteenth century. These advances, along with the introduction of paper-printed money, helped revolutionize and sustain the economy of the Song dynasty.
Polymaths and mechanical engineering
Polymaths
Polymaths—that is, people knowledgeable across an encyclopaedic range of topics—such as Shen Kuo (1031–1095) and Su Song (1020–1101) embodied the spirit of early empirical science and technology in the Song era. Shen is famous for discovering the concept |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fate%20mapping | Fate mapping is a method used in developmental biology to study the embryonic origin of various adult tissues and structures. The "fate" of each cell or group of cells is mapped onto the embryo, showing which parts of the embryo will develop into which tissue. When carried out at single-cell resolution, this process is called cell lineage tracing. It is also used to trace the development of tumors.
History
The earliest fate maps were based on direct observation of the embryos of ascidians or other marine invertebrates. Modern fate mapping began in 1929 when Walter Vogt marked the groups of cells using a dyed agar chip and tracked them through gastrulation. In 1978, horseradish peroxidase (HRP) was introduced as a marker. HRP was more effective than previous markers, but required embryos to be fixed before viewing. Genetic fate mapping is a technique developed in 1981 which uses a site-specific recombinase to track cell lineage genetically. Today, fate mapping is an important tool in many fields of biology research, such as developmental biology, stem cell research, and kidney research.
Cell lineage
Fate mapping and cell lineage are similar but distinct topics, although there is often overlap. For example, the development of the complete cell lineage of C. elegans can be described as the fate maps of each cell division stacked hierarchically. The distinction between the topics is in the type of information included. Fate mapping shows which tissues come from which part of |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One%20Records%20%28Scotland%29 | One Records is a Scottish record label.
Current artists
El Presidente a Scottish glam-rock band fronted by Dante Gizzi.
We Are The Physics a Scottish indie band.
Xcerts a Scottish pop/rock band.
Past artists
Matchsticks a pop/electro band from Glasgow.
Fickle Public a Glasgow indie band.
Drive-by Argument
Ludovico
See also
List of record labels
External links
One Records | Listen and Stream Free Music, Albums, New Releases, Photos, Videos
ELPresidenteMusic – *ELPresidenteMusic* *MusicProduction Cologne*
THE XCERTS | Listen and Stream Free Music, Albums, New Releases, Photos, Videos
Matchsticks R.I.P. | Listen and Stream Free Music, Albums, New Releases, Photos, Videos
driveĎy argument
Scottish record labels
Indie rock record labels
Alternative rock record labels |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abgent | Abgent is a global biotechnology company based in San Diego, California, US with offices in Maidenhead, UK and Suzhou, China and distributors around the world. Abgent develops antibodies and related agents to study proteins involved in cellular function and disease. Abgent's antibodies target key areas of research including autophagy, neuroscience, cancer, stem cells and more. Abgent was acquired in 2011 by WuXi AppTec, a global pharmaceutical, biopharmaceutical, and medical device outsourcing company with operations in China and the United States.
Peer review
Abgent was listed as a selected supplier in Nature Magazine, Antibody Technology, Drug Discovery Features and The Scientist's cell signaling feature. More than 1,100 peer-reviewed publications in scientific journals have cited Abgent antibody, protein, and peptide products and custom services.
Core business
As one of the world's largest manufacturers of antibodies for biological research and drug discovery, Abgent develops, produces, and sells antibodies for use in academic, biotechnological, and pharmaceutical industries. Core products are complemented by custom antibody services and custom protein services for drug discovery targets.
Tools
SUMOplot Analysis Program
SUMOplot is a tool used to predict sumoylation sites, an important post-translational modification of proteins. SUMO-modified proteins contain the tetrapeptide motif B-K-x-D/E where B is a hydrophobic residue, K is the lysine conjugated to SUMO, x i |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan%20D.%20Taylor | Alan Dana Taylor (born October 27, 1947) is an American mathematician who, with Steven Brams, solved the problem of envy-free cake-cutting for an arbitrary number of people with the Brams–Taylor procedure.
Taylor received his Ph.D. in 1975 from Dartmouth College.
He was the Marie Louise Bailey professor of mathematics at Union College, in Schenectady, New York.
He retired from the college in 2022.
Selected publications
Alan D. Taylor (1995) Mathematics and Politics: Strategy, Voting, Power, and Proof Springer-Verlag. and 0-387-94500-8; with Allison Pacelli:
Steven J. Brams and Alan D. Taylor (1995). An Envy-Free Cake Division Protocol American Mathematical Monthly, 102, pp. 9–18. (JSTOR)
Steven J. Brams and Alan D. Taylor (1996). Fair Division - From cake-cutting to dispute resolution Cambridge University Press. and
Notes
External links
Alan Taylor - Union College
Living people
20th-century American mathematicians
21st-century American mathematicians
Game theorists
Dartmouth College alumni
Union College (New York) faculty
American political scientists
Fair division researchers
1947 births |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bryan%20Jenkins | Dr Bryan Jenkins is an Australian environmental planner. He has a Ph.D. in environmental planning from Stanford University, a master's degree in civil engineering from Adelaide University and a Master of Administration from Monash University.
Jenkins was director of environment, economics and planning for Kinhill Engineers, Adelaide, from 1989 to 1994, undertaking projects involving the Steel Authority of India, the Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, water and wastewater treatment plants in China, and the third runway at Sydney Airport.
He spent seven years (1994–2001) as chief executive of the former Western Australian Department of Environmental Protection, involved in preparation of an Air Quality Management Plan for Perth, as well as an Environmental Protection Policy and Environmental Management Plan for Cockburn Sound, Western Australia's most polluted marine water body. From 2001 to 2003, he was director of Murdoch Environment, the environmental consulting and education unit at Murdoch University. He was appointed CEO of Canterbury Regional Council in June 2003, was reappointed in March 2008, and finished as CEO February 2011. He has prepared over 200 professional and conference papers and keynote addresses, including being a keynote speaker at the New Zealand Planning Institute Conference, 2007.
In November 2010 he was appointed the inaugural professorial fellow in strategic water studies (commencing March 2011) at the Waterways Centre for Fres |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dose%20%28biochemistry%29 | A dose is a measured quantity of a medicine, nutrient, or pathogen which is delivered as a unit. The greater the quantity delivered, the larger the dose. Doses are most commonly measured for compounds in medicine. The term is usually applied to the quantity of a drug or other agent administered for therapeutic purposes, but may be used to describe any case where a substance is introduced to the body. In nutrition, the term is usually applied to how much of a specific nutrient is in a person's diet or in a particular food, meal, or dietary supplement. For bacterial or viral agents, dose typically refers to the amount of the pathogen required to infect a host. For information on dosage of toxic substances, see Toxicology. For information on excessive intake of pharmaceutical agents, see Drug overdose.
In clinical pharmacology, dose refers to dosage or amount of dose administered to a person, whereas exposure means the time-dependent concentration (often in the circulatory blood or plasma) or concentration-derived parameters such as AUC (area under the concentration curve) and Cmax (peak level of the concentration curve) of the drug after its administration. This is in contrast to their interchangeable use in other fields.
Factors affecting dose
A 'dose' of any chemical or biological agent (active ingredient) has several factors which are critical to its effectiveness. The first is concentration, that is, how much of the agent is being administered to the body at once.
Anoth |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nystr%C3%B6m%20method | In mathematics numerical analysis, the Nyström method or quadrature method seeks the numerical solution of an integral equation by replacing the integral with a representative weighted sum. The continuous problem is broken into discrete intervals; quadrature or numerical integration determines the weights and locations of representative points for the integral.
The problem becomes a system of linear equations with equations and unknowns, and the underlying function is implicitly represented by an interpolation using the chosen quadrature rule. This discrete problem may be ill-conditioned, depending on the original problem and the chosen quadrature rule.
Since the linear equations require operations to solve, high-order quadrature rules perform better because low-order quadrature rules require large for a given accuracy. Gaussian quadrature is normally a good choice for smooth, non-singular problems.
Discretization of the integral
Standard quadrature methods seek to represent an integral as a weighed sum in the following manner:
where are the weights of the quadrature rule, and points are the abscissas.
Example
Applying this to the inhomogeneous Fredholm equation of the second kind
,
results in
.
See also
Boundary element method
References
Bibliography
Leonard M. Delves & Joan E. Walsh (eds): Numerical Solution of Integral Equations, Clarendon, Oxford, 1974.
Hans-Jürgen Reinhardt: Analysis of Approximation Methods for Differential and Integral Eq |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yannick%20Keith%20Liz%C3%A9 | Yannick Keith Lizé (born May 16, 1974) is a former water polo player of Canada's national water polo team. He is currently Director of Engineering at Applied Micro Circuits Corporation. In 2008 he received his Ph.D. in engineering physics at École Polytechnique de Montréal. He competed at the World Championships in Perth, Australia in 1998 and the Olympic qualification tournaments of 1996 and 2000. He was part of the bronze medal-winning men's water polo team at the 1999 Pan American Games in Winnipeg, Manitoba. He is the brother of Olympic athlete Sandra Lizé, a member of the Canada women's national water polo team, that claimed the silver medal at the 2007 Pan American Games in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Personal
Married Amanda Lizé (née Bearman) on October 10, 2010, in Montreal, Quebec.
External links
On receiving the Milton Chang grant
IEEE Fellowship Winner
Stanford Lecture
1974 births
Living people
Canadian male water polo players
French Quebecers
Medalists at the 1999 Pan American Games
Pan American Games bronze medalists for Canada
Pan American Games medalists in water polo
Université de Montréal alumni
Water polo players at the 1999 Pan American Games
Water polo players from Quebec City |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inverse%20problem%20for%20Lagrangian%20mechanics | In mathematics, the inverse problem for Lagrangian mechanics is the problem of determining whether a given system of ordinary differential equations can arise as the Euler–Lagrange equations for some Lagrangian function.
There has been a great deal of activity in the study of this problem since the early 20th century. A notable advance in this field was a 1941 paper by the American mathematician Jesse Douglas, in which he provided necessary and sufficient conditions for the problem to have a solution; these conditions are now known as the Helmholtz conditions, after the German physicist Hermann von Helmholtz.
Background and statement of the problem
The usual set-up of Lagrangian mechanics on n-dimensional Euclidean space Rn is as follows. Consider a differentiable path u : [0, T] → Rn. The action of the path u, denoted S(u), is given by
where L is a function of time, position and velocity known as the Lagrangian. The principle of least action states that, given an initial state x0 and a final state x1 in Rn, the trajectory that the system determined by L will actually follow must be a minimizer of the action functional S satisfying the boundary conditions u(0) = x0, u(T) = x1. Furthermore, the critical points (and hence minimizers) of S must satisfy the Euler–Lagrange equations for S:
where the upper indices i denote the components of u = (u1, ..., un).
In the classical case
the Euler–Lagrange equations are the second-order ordinary differential equations better known |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burn%20rate%20%28chemistry%29 | In chemistry, the burn rate (or burning rate) is a measure of the linear combustion rate of a compound or substance such as a candle or a solid propellant. It is measured in length over time, such as millimeters per second or inches per second. Among the variables affecting burn rate are pressure and temperature. Burn rate is an important parameter, especially in propellants, because it determines the rate at which exhaust gases are generated from the burning propellant, which decides the flow rate through the nozzle. The thrust generated in the rocket of a missile depends on this flow rate. Thus, knowing the burn rate of a propellant and how it changes under various conditions is of fundamental importance in the successful design of a solid rocket motor. The concept of burn rate is also relevant in case of liquid propellants.
Measurement
One device for measuring the burning rate is a V-shaped metal channel about 1–2 feet long wherein a sample is placed, with a cross-sectional dimension of approximately 6 mm or 1/4in. The sample is ignited on one end, and time is measured until the flame front reaches the other. Burn rate (typically expressed in mm/s or in/s) is the sample length over time at a given pressure and temperature. For solid fuel propellant, the most common method of measuring burn rate is the Crawford Type Strand Burning Rate Bomb System (also known as the Crawford Burner or Strand Burner), as described in MIL-STD-286C.
Characterization
A substance is characte |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Webb%20Miller | Webb Colby Miller (born 1943) is an American bioinformatician who is professor in the Department of Biology and the Department of Computer Science and Engineering at The Pennsylvania State University.
Education
Miller attended Whitman College, and received his Ph.D. in mathematics from the University of Washington in 1969.
Research and career
He joined Penn State in September 1985. Prior to that, he had held a position as permanent staff member at the IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center and served on the faculty at the University of California, Santa Barbara, and the University of Arizona. He is a fellow of the ISCB (International Society for Computational Biology).
Miller has been developing algorithms and software for analyzing DNA sequences and related types of data from molecular genetics. He is one of the authors of BLAST. He also develops methods for aligning long DNA sequences and extracting functional information from them. Webb Miller has made important contributions to the analysis of many vertebrate genomes. He is regarded as one of the pioneers in the field of computational biology.
Webb Miller's recent research interests include the bioinformatics of species extinction, collaborating with Stephan Schuster, who is a Professor of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology at Penn State. In November 2008, they published a paper in Nature that described a draft sequence for the woolly mammoth genome.
Awards
Miller was awarded the ISCB Senior Scientist Award and elected |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prolasius%20advenus | Prolasius advenus is a species of ant in the genus Prolasius. It is endemic to New Zealand, widespread across the North and South Islands, including offshore islands. It is a relatively small ant, with workers 2.9-3.5mm in length. Its common name is small brown bush ant.
Biology
Colonies can include hundreds of workers and multiple queens. Prolasius advenus is found in a variety of forest habitats. It is a generalist forager, preying upon and scavenging small arthropods, as well as tending mealy-bugs and scale insects for honeydew.
References
External links
AntWiki lists the species under the synonym Prolasius advena
Lessons from Little Creatures: article on New Zealand ants from NZ National Geographic.
Formicinae
Ants of New Zealand
Insects described in 1862
Taxa named by Frederick Smith (entomologist)
Endemic insects of New Zealand |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electromanipulation | Electromanipulation is a micro-material analyzing method mostly used for manipulations of biological cells that uses properties of diverse electric fields. In nanotechnology, nanomaterials are so small that they can hardly be directly mechanically manipulated. Hence, electric fields are applied to them to make field-induced movements or deformations. It is a recently developed technology and is still in progress of widening applications. Types of Electronmanipulation includes dielectrophoresis, electro-rotation, electro-deformation, electro-disruption, electro-destruction, electroporation, and electro-fusion. Diverse electromanipulations are achieved using various electric fields including AC(alternating current), DC(direct current), and pulsed(deliver high-energy discharges at very short periods) electrical fields. Electromanipulation of cells permits diverse cell manipulations with minimal mechanical contact between cells and device structures. Although predominantly used in cells, elctromanipulation also contributes to other scientific fields such as Hybridoma technology and nanoelectronic devices development.
Types of Electromanipulation
There are seven types of electromanipulation, some are drastically different in purpose and function while some are closely related. The most developed and common type is dielectrophoresis. Various manipulations of micro-materials can be achieved using one or several of the seven electromanipulation. Distinct types sometimes require var |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunkerley%27s%20method | Dunkerley's method is used in mechanical engineering to determine the critical speed of a shaft-rotor system. Other methods include the Rayleigh–Ritz method.
Whirling of a shaft
No shaft can ever be perfectly straight or perfectly balanced. When an element of mass is offset from the axis of rotation, centrifugal force will tend to pull the mass outward. The elastic properties of the shaft will act to restore the “straightness”. If the frequency of rotation is equal to one of the resonant frequencies of the shaft, whirling will occur. In order to save the machine from failure, operation at such whirling speeds must be avoided. Whirling is a complex phenomenon that can include harmonics but we are only going to consider synchronous whirl, where the frequency of whirling is the same as the rotational speed.
Dunkerley’s formula (approximation)
The whirling frequency of a symmetric cross section of a given length between two points is given by:
where:
E = Young's modulus,
I = second moment of area,
m = mass of the shaft,
L = length of the shaft between points.
A shaft with weights added will have an angular velocity of N (RPM) equivalent as follows:
See also
Vibration
Mechanical resonance
Notes and references
Mechanical engineering |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WSJT%20%28amateur%20radio%20software%29 | WSJT-X is a computer program used for weak-signal radio communication between amateur radio operators. The program was initially written by Joe Taylor, K1JT, but is now open source and is developed by a small team. The digital signal processing techniques in WSJT-X make it substantially easier for amateur radio operators to employ esoteric propagation modes, such as high-speed meteor scatter and moonbounce. Additionally WSJT is able to send signal reports to spotting networks such as PSK Reporter.
History
WSJT, the predecessor to WSJT-X, was originally released in 2001 and has undergone several major revisions. Communication modes have been both added and removed from the software over the course of its development. Since 2005, the software has been released as open source software under the GNU General Public License. This licensing change required substantial rewrites and took several months to complete. Although Joe Taylor was the original developer (and still acts as maintainer), several programmers are currently involved in writing the software. The latest version of WSJT (not to be confused with WSJT-X) is written in Python and C, with several utilities written in Fortran.
WSJT versions up through 7.06 r1933 (referred to as colloquially as WSJT7) and earlier were aggregations of previous versions, and as such WSJT7 contained 16 different modes (FSK441, JT6M, JT65 variants A - C, JT2, JT4 variants A - G, WSPR, and a preview of JT64A). As of version 8.0 (referre |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cerf%20theory | In mathematics, at the junction of singularity theory and differential topology, Cerf theory is the study of families of smooth real-valued functions
on a smooth manifold , their generic singularities and the topology of the subspaces these singularities define, as subspaces of the function space. The theory is named after Jean Cerf, who initiated it in the late 1960s.
An example
Marston Morse proved that, provided is compact, any smooth function can be approximated by a Morse function. Thus, for many purposes, one can replace arbitrary functions on by Morse functions.
As a next step, one could ask, 'if you have a one-parameter family of functions which start and end at Morse functions, can you assume the whole family is Morse?' In general, the answer is no. Consider, for example, the one-parameter family of functions on given by
At time , it has no critical points, but at time , it is a Morse function with two critical points at .
Cerf showed that a one-parameter family of functions between two Morse functions can be approximated by one that is Morse at all but finitely many degenerate times. The degeneracies involve a birth/death transition of critical points, as in the above example when, at , an index 0 and index 1 critical point are created as increases.
A stratification of an infinite-dimensional space
Returning to the general case where is a compact manifold, let denote the space of Morse functions on , and the space of real-valued smooth functions |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viviani%27s%20theorem | Viviani's theorem, named after Vincenzo Viviani, states that the sum of the distances from any interior point to the sides of an equilateral triangle equals the length of the triangle's altitude. It is a theorem commonly employed in various math competitions, secondary school mathematics examinations, and has wide applicability to many problems in the real world.
Proof
This proof depends on the readily-proved proposition that the area of a triangle is half its base times its height—that is, half the product of one side with the altitude from that side.
Let ABC be an equilateral triangle whose height is h and whose side is a.
Let P be any point inside the triangle, and u, s, t the distances of P from the sides. Draw a line from P to each of A, B, and C, forming three triangles PAB, PBC, and PCA.
Now, the areas of these triangles are , , and . They exactly fill the enclosing triangle, so the sum of these areas is equal to the area of the enclosing triangle.
So we can write:
and thus
Q.E.D.
Converse
The converse also holds: If the sum of the distances from an interior point of a triangle to the sides is independent of the location of the point, the triangle is equilateral.
Applications
Viviani's theorem means that lines parallel to the sides of an equilateral triangle give coordinates for making ternary plots, such as flammability diagrams.
More generally, they allow one to give coordinates on a regular simplex in the same way.
Extensions
Parallelogram
The sum |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2C-B-BZP | 4-Bromo-2,5-dimethoxy-1-benzylpiperazine (2C-B-BZP) is a psychoactive drug and research chemical of the piperazine chemical class which has been sold as a "designer drug". It produces stimulant effects similar to those of benzylpiperazine (BZP).
Chemistry
2C-B-BZP contains a benzylpiperazine base as well as the ring-substitution pattern of the psychedelic phenethylamine 2C-B. 2C-B-BZP is not a phenethylamine itself and does not produce psychedelic effects, as the binding groups are in the wrong position to activate the 5-HT2A receptor, while the phenylpiperazine homologue 2C-B-PP substitutes for DOM in DOM-trained rats with around one-tenth the potency of DOM, but does not substitute for TFMPP.
Effects
2C-B-BZP produces stimulant effects which last 3–6 hours. It is also said by several sources to increase the effects of other compounds when combined . Side effects include headaches and nausea, similar to those of other recreationally-used piperazine derivatives.
Legality
2C-B-BZP is unscheduled and uncontrolled in the United States, but possession and sale of 2C-B-BZP could possibly be prosecuted under the Federal Analog Act because of its structural similarities to benzylpiperazine. 2C-B-BZP is illegal to possess, use or sell in Japan where it used to be sold in local smartshops.
See also
Substituted piperazine
References
1-Piperazinyl compounds
Stimulants
Designer drugs
Bromoarenes
O-methylated phenols |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fluhrer%2C%20Mantin%20and%20Shamir%20attack | In cryptography, the Fluhrer, Mantin and Shamir attack is a stream cipher attack on the widely used RC4 stream cipher. The attack allows an attacker to recover the key in an RC4 encrypted stream from a large number of messages in that stream.
The Fluhrer, Mantin and Shamir attack applies to specific key derivation methods, but does not apply in general to RC4-based SSL (TLS), since SSL generates the encryption keys it uses for RC4 by hashing, meaning that different SSL sessions have unrelated keys. However, the closely related bar mitzvah attack, based on the same research and revealed in 2015, does exploit those cases where weak keys are generated by the SSL keying process.
Background
The Fluhrer, Mantin and Shamir (FMS) attack, published in their 2001 paper "Weaknesses in the Key Scheduling Algorithm of RC4", takes advantage of a weakness in the RC4 key scheduling algorithm to reconstruct the key from encrypted messages. The FMS attack gained popularity in network attack tools including AirSnort, weplab, and aircrack, which use it to recover the key used by WEP protected wireless networks.
This discussion will use the below RC4 key scheduling algorithm (KSA).
begin ksa(with int keylength, with byte key[keylength])
for i from 0 to 255
S[i] := i
endfor
j := 0
for i from 0 to 255
j := (j + S[i] + key[i mod keylength]) mod 256
swap(S[i],S[j])
endfor
end
The following pseudo-random generation algorithm (PRGA) will also |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lali%C4%87%20%28surname%29 | Lalić is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Aleksandra Lalić, Serbian fashion designer
Bogdan Lalić, Croatian chess grandmaster
Dražen Lalić, Croatian sociologist
Gojko Lalić, Serbian American chemistry professor
Ivan V. Lalić, Serbian poet
Luka Lalić, Serbian football coach
Maja Vidaković Lalić, Serbian architect
Maria Lalić, British artist
Marin Lalić, Croatian football player
Mihailo Lalić, novelist of Serbian and Montenegrin literature
Nataša Lalić, Serbian politician
Slobodan Lalić, Serbian football player
Susan Lalic, British chess grandmaster
Veljko Lalić, Serbian journalist, editor and publicist
Vik Lalić, Croatian football player
Žanamari Lalić, Croatian pop singer
See also
Lalich, anglicized version
Surnames of Croatian origin
Surnames of Serbian origin |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dakota%20Collegiate | Dakota Collegiate is a grade 9 to 12 public high school in Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada with an enrollment of 1235 students as of January 2020. Dakota offers Advanced Placement courses in limited subject areas, that include mathematics and the sciences. On May 3, 2014, the school celebrated its 50th anniversary.
History
Dakota Collegiate opened in 1963 with 200 students and 20 teachers. In June 1964, there were 72 students in the first graduating class. Dakota began as an experimental team-teaching school and offered only University Entrance courses. Dakota now has roughly 1200 students, approximately 60 teachers, and offers over 120 courses. In 2012, it had a graduating class of roughly 280 students.
The Dakota Collegiate Lancers have earned 590 provincial sports titles since the school was founded.
21st Century Learning 1:1 Initiative
During the 2011-2012 school year, Dakota Collegiate introduced the 21st Century Learning One-to-One initiative, in which all grade nine students were required to purchase their own laptop computer to use in their classes. The computers were used to complete assignments, create presentations, and research information. This initiative continued in the 2012-2013 school year, with grade 9 and 10 students requiring laptops, and an open invitation for students in higher grades to bring their own devices if they desire.
Murray Field
After 54 years of Dakota Collegiate's opening, the school never played a single home football game until the school |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Don%20Libes | Don Libes is a computer scientist at NIST performing computer science research on interoperability. He works in the Manufacturing Systems Integration Division, which performs research on software integration methods, creating custom software that implements draft standards and serves as an interface to other components provided by separate vendors.
Libes is responsible for numerous implementations of STEP, a family of ISO standards and draft standards for product management. He is the creator of the NIST Identifier Collaboration Service, a free service to allow collaborative management of unmanaged namespaces. Libes is also responsible for one of the earliest network-shared memory ports on UNIX and the first port of XINU on UNIX.
Libes's book Obfuscated C Code and Other Mysteries explains the winning entries in the Obfuscated C Code Contest, as an educational tool.
Libes is best known for Expect, which is public domain software for automating and testing interactive applications such as Telnet, FTP, passwd and hundreds of other programs that have no internal control language (or too limited of a control language) of their own. Libes also developed Expectk, which glues Expect to Tk thereby allowing a character-graphic or line-oriented program to be entirely hidden with a modern graphical user interface.
Expect has been successively ported to Perl(expect.pm), Python(pexpect) and Java(expect4j): the aforementioned ports are all open source and are as such subject to caut |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eigenvalue%20perturbation | In mathematics, an eigenvalue perturbation problem is that of finding the eigenvectors and eigenvalues of a system that is perturbed from one with known eigenvectors and eigenvalues . This is useful for studying how sensitive the original system's eigenvectors and eigenvalues are to changes in the system.
This type of analysis was popularized by Lord Rayleigh, in his investigation of harmonic vibrations of a string perturbed by small inhomogeneities.
The derivations in this article are essentially self-contained and can be found in many texts on numerical linear algebra or numerical functional analysis.
This article is focused on the case of the perturbation of a simple eigenvalue (see in
multiplicity of eigenvalues).
Why generalized eigenvalues?
In the entry applications of eigenvalues and eigenvectors we find numerous scientific fields in which eigenvalues are used to obtain solutions. Generalized eigenvalue problems are less widespread but are a key in the study of vibrations.
They are useful when we use the Galerkin method or Rayleigh-Ritz method to find approximate
solutions of partial differential equations modeling vibrations of structures such as strings and plates; the paper of Courant (1943)
is fundamental. The Finite element method is a widespread particular case.
In classical mechanics, we may find generalized eigenvalues when we look for vibrations of multiple degrees of freedom systems close to equilibrium; the kinetic energy provides the ma |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%C2%B2%20cohomology | In mathematics, L2 cohomology is a cohomology theory for smooth non-compact manifolds M with Riemannian metric. It is defined in the same way as de Rham cohomology except that one uses square-integrable differential forms. The notion of square-integrability makes sense because the metric on M gives rise to a norm on differential forms and a volume form.
L2 cohomology, which grew in part out of L2 d-bar estimates from the 1960s, was studied cohomologically, independently by Steven Zucker (1978) and Jeff Cheeger (1979). It is closely related to intersection cohomology; indeed, the results in the preceding cited works can be expressed in terms of intersection cohomology.
Another such result is the Zucker conjecture, which states that for a Hermitian locally symmetric variety the L2 cohomology is isomorphic to the intersection cohomology (with the middle perversity) of its Baily–Borel compactification (Zucker 1982). This was proved in different ways by Eduard Looijenga (1988) and by Leslie Saper and Mark Stern (1990).
See also
Dirichlet form
Dirichlet principle
Riemannian manifold
References
Mark Goresky, L2 cohomology is intersection cohomology
Frances Kirwan, Jonathan Woolf An Introduction to Intersection Homology Theory,, chapter 6
Cohomology theories
Differential geometry
Differential topology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20Society%20of%20Brewing%20Chemists | The American Society of Brewing Chemists (ASBC) is a professional organization of scientists and technical professionals in the brewing, malting, and allied industries. It publishes a journal, the Journal of the American Society of Brewing Chemists.
External links
ASBC Website
Beer organizations
Chemistry societies |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ChemSpider | ChemSpider is a freely accessible online database of chemicals owned by the Royal Society of Chemistry. It contains information on more than 100 million molecules from over 270 data sources, each of them receiving a unique identifier called ChemSpider Identifier.
Sources
The database sources include:
Professional databases
EPA DSSTox
U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA)
Human Metabolome Database
Journal of Heterocyclic Chemistry
KEGG
KUMGM
LeadScope
LipidMAPS
Marinlit
MDPI
MICAD
MLSMR
MMDB
MOLI
MTDP
Nanogen
Nature Chemical Biology
NCGC
NIAID
National Institutes of Health (NIH)
NINDS Approved Drug Screening Program
NIST
NIST Chemistry WebBook
NMMLSC
NMRShiftDB
PANACHE
PCMD
PDSP
Peptides
Prous Science Drugs of the Future
QSAR
R&D Chemicals
San Diego Center for Chemical Genomics
SGCOxCompounds, SGCStoCompounds
SMID
Specs
Structural Genomics Consortium
SureChem
Synthon-Lab
Thomson Pharma
Total TOSLab Building-Blocks
UM-BBD
UPCMLD
UsefulChem
Web of Science
ChemAid
Crowdsourcing
The ChemSpider database can be updated with user contributions including chemical structure deposition, spectra deposition and user curation. This is a crowdsourcing approach to develop an online chemistry database. Crowdsourced based curation of the data has produced a dictionary of chemical names associated with chemical structures that has been used in text-mining applications of the biomedical and chemical literature.
However, database rights are |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elliptic%20boundary%20value%20problem | In mathematics, an elliptic boundary value problem is a special kind of boundary value problem which can be thought of as the stable state of an evolution problem. For example, the Dirichlet problem for the Laplacian gives the eventual distribution of heat in a room several hours after the heating is turned on.
Differential equations describe a large class of natural phenomena, from the heat equation describing the evolution of heat in (for instance) a metal plate, to the Navier-Stokes equation describing the movement of fluids, including Einstein's equations describing the physical universe in a relativistic way. Although all these equations are boundary value problems, they are further subdivided into categories. This is necessary because each category must be analyzed using different techniques. The present article deals with the category of boundary value problems known as linear elliptic problems.
Boundary value problems and partial differential equations specify relations between two or more quantities. For instance, in the heat equation, the rate of change of temperature at a point is related to the difference of temperature between that point and the nearby points so that, over time, the heat flows from hotter points to cooler points. Boundary value problems can involve space, time and other quantities such as temperature, velocity, pressure, magnetic field, etc.
Some problems do not involve time. For instance, if one hangs a clothesline between the house and a tre |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Standard%20conjectures%20on%20algebraic%20cycles | In mathematics, the standard conjectures about algebraic cycles are several conjectures describing the relationship of algebraic cycles and Weil cohomology theories. One of the original applications of these conjectures, envisaged by Alexander Grothendieck, was to prove that his construction of pure motives gave an abelian category that is semisimple. Moreover, as he pointed out, the standard conjectures also imply the hardest part of the Weil conjectures, namely the "Riemann hypothesis" conjecture that remained open at the end of the 1960s and was proved later by Pierre Deligne; for details on the link between Weil and standard conjectures, see . The standard conjectures remain open problems, so that their application gives only conditional proofs of results. In quite a few cases, including that of the Weil conjectures, other methods have been found to prove such results unconditionally.
The classical formulations of the standard conjectures involve a fixed Weil cohomology theory . All of the conjectures deal with "algebraic" cohomology classes, which means a morphism on the cohomology of a smooth projective variety
induced by an algebraic cycle with rational coefficients on the product via the cycle class map, which is part of the structure of a Weil cohomology theory.
Conjecture A is equivalent to Conjecture B (see , p. 196), and so is not listed.
Lefschetz type Standard Conjecture (Conjecture B)
One of the axioms of a Weil theory is the so-called hard Lefschetz theor |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Differentially%20closed%20field | In mathematics, a differential field K is differentially closed if every finite system of differential equations with a solution in some differential field extending K already has a solution in K. This concept was introduced by . Differentially closed fields are the analogues
for differential equations of algebraically closed fields for polynomial equations.
The theory of differentially closed fields
We recall that a differential field is a field equipped with a derivation operator. Let K be a differential field with derivation operator ∂.
A differential polynomial in x is a polynomial in the formal expressions x, ∂x, ∂2x, ... with coefficients in K.
The order of a non-zero differential polynomial in x is the largest n such that ∂nx occurs in it, or −1 if the differential polynomial is a constant.
The separant Sf of a differential polynomial of order n≥0 is the derivative of f with respect to ∂nx.
The field of constants of K is the subfield of elements a with ∂a=0.
In a differential field K of nonzero characteristic p, all pth powers are constants. It follows that neither K nor its field of constants is perfect, unless ∂ is trivial. A field K with derivation ∂ is called differentially perfect if it is either of characteristic 0, or of characteristic p and every constant is a pth power of an element of K.
A differentially closed field is a differentially perfect differential field K such that if f and g are differential polynomials such that Sf≠ 0 and g≠0 and f has orde |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Klaus%20Tschira%20Foundation | The Klaus Tschira Stiftung (KTS) is a German foundation established by the physicist Klaus Tschira in 1995 as a non-profit organization. Its primary objective is to support projects in the natural and computer sciences as well as mathematics. The KTS places strong emphasis on the public understanding in these fields. Klaus Tschira’s commitment to this objective was honored in 1999 with the "Deutscher Stifterpreis" by the German National Academic Foundation (German: Studienstiftung). The KTS is located at the Villa Bosch in Heidelberg, Germany, the former residence of Nobel Prize laureate for chemistry Carl Bosch (1874–1940).
Activities
The foundation mainly initiates academic and non-profit, non-academic research projects in the natural sciences, computer sciences and mathematics. It supports teaching and research at public and private universities as well as projects involving children and young people.
Its main goal is to arouse public awareness for natural sciences, to engage in research for the benefit of society and to communicate science in an understandable format for non-scientists. Furthermore, upon application, the foundation supports projects in line with the mission of the foundation. The main goals of the organization have been set as:
Education: Promoting fascination for science
Research for the benefit of society
Science Communication: Encouraging the dialogue between researchers and the public
In 2013, the Klaus Tschira Stiftung established the Heidelberg |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Albert%20R.%20Shadle | Dr. Albert R. Shadle (1885–1963) was an American biologist noted for his research into porcupines and beavers. From 1919 until 1953, Shadle served as chairman of the biology department, and was instrumental in the advancement of science education, at the State University of New York at Buffalo. He also acted as a professor of biology whose pupils included noted entomologist Maynard Jack Ramsay.
Published works
Journal of Mammalogy ()
1957: Sizes of Beaver Chips Cut from Aspen
1956: Parturition in a Skunk, Mephitis mephitis hudsonica
1955: Removal of Foreign Quills by Porcupines
1955: Pelage of the Porcupine, Erethizon dorsatum dorsatum
1954: Osteologic Criteria of Age in Beavers
1953: Gross Anatomy of the Male Reproductive System of the Porcupine
1950: Feeding, Care, and Handling of Captive Porcupines (Erethizon)
1949: Rate of Penetration of a Porcupine Spine
1948: Gestation Period in the Porcupine, Erethizon dorsatum dorsatum
1946: The Sex Reactions of Porcupines (Erethizon d. dorsatum) before and after Copulation
1943: An Unusual Porcupine Parturition and Development of the Young
1943: Comparison of Tree Cuttings of Six Beaver Colonies in Allegany State Park, New York
1939: Fifteen Months of Beaver Work at Allegany State Park, N. Y.
1936: The Attrition and Extrusive Growth of the Four Major Incisor Teeth of Domestic Rabbits
1930: An Unusual Case of Parturition in a Beaver
Journal of Wildlife Management ()
1953: Captive Striped Skunk Produces Two Litters |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kvant-1 | Kvant-1 (; English: Quantum-I/1) (37KE) was the first module to be attached in 1987 to the Mir Core Module, which formed the core of the Soviet space station Mir. It remained attached to Mir until the entire space station was deorbited in 2001.
The Kvant-1 module contained scientific instruments for astrophysical observations and materials science experiments.
It was used to conduct research into the physics of active galaxies, quasars and neutron stars and it was uniquely positioned for studies of the Supernova SN 1987A. Furthermore, it supported biotechnology experiments in anti-viral preparations and fractions.
Some additions to Kvant-1 during its lifetime were solar arrays and the Sofora and Rapana girders.
The Kvant-1 module was based on the TKS spacecraft and was the first, experimental version of a planned series of '37K' type modules. The 37K modules featured a jettisonable TKS-E type propulsion module, also called the Functional Service Module (FSM).
The control system of Kvant-1 had been developed by NPO "Electropribor" (Kharkiv, Ukraine).
After previous engineering tests with the Salyut 6 and Salyut 7 space stations (and temporarily attached TKS-derived space station modules like Kosmos 1267, Kosmos 1443 and Kosmos 1686) it became the first space station module to be attached semi-permanently to the first modular space station in the history of space flight.
Kvant-1 was originally planned to be docked to the Salyut 7 space station, the plans however evolved to |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concurrency%20and%20Coordination%20Runtime | Concurrency and Coordination Runtime (CCR) is an asynchronous programming library based on .NET Framework from Microsoft distributed with Microsoft Robotics Developer Studio (MRDS). Even though it comes with MRDS, it is not limited to modelling robotic behavior but can be used to express asynchronous behavior in any application.
CCR runtime includes a Dispatcher class that implements a Thread pool, with a fixed number of threads, all of which can execute simultaneously. Each dispatcher includes a queue (called DispatcherQueue) of delegates, which represent the entry point to a procedure (called work item) that can be executed asynchronously. The work items are then distributed across the threads for execution. A dispatcher object also contains a generic Port which is a queue where the result of the asynchronous execution of a work item is put. Each work item can be associated with a ReceiverTask object which consumes the result for further processing. An Arbiter manages the ReceiverTask and invokes them when the result they are expecting is ready and put on the Port queue.
In May 2010, the CCR was made available along with the entire Robotics Developer Studio in one package, for free. Microsoft Robotics Developer Studio 2008 R3.
CCR was last updated in RDS R4 in 2012. It is no longer under development. Asynchronous programming is now supported in Visual Studio languages such as C# through built-in language features.
See also
Parallel Extensions
Joins
Microsoft Robotics De |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SF1 | SF1 may refer to:
Biochemistry
SF1 (gene), a human gene
a type of helicase, a common protein.
Steroidogenic factor 1
Videogaming
Star Fox (1993 video game), the first game in the Star Fox series
Street Fighter (video game), the first game in the Street Fighter series
SF-1 SNES TV, a television monitor sold by Sharp Corporation with a built-in Super NES
Other uses
SRF 1, a Swiss television channel formerly known as 'SF 1'
Summary File 1, a United States Census report
See also
SF (disambiguation)
SFI (disambiguation)
SFL (disambiguation) (sfl) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Index%20group | In operator theory, a branch of mathematics, every Banach algebra can be associated with a group called its abstract index group.
Definition
Let A be a Banach algebra and G the group of invertible elements in A. The set G is open and a topological group. Consider the identity component
G0,
or in other words the connected component containing the identity 1 of A; G0 is a normal subgroup of G. The quotient group
ΛA = G/G0
is the abstract index group of A. Because G0, being the component of an open set, is both open and closed in G, the index group is a discrete group.
Examples
Let L(H) be the Banach algebra of bounded operators on a Hilbert space. The set of invertible elements in L(H) is path connected. Therefore, ΛL(H) is the trivial group.
Let T denote the unit circle in the complex plane. The algebra C(T) of continuous functions from T to the complex numbers is a Banach algebra, with the topology of uniform convergence. A function in C(T) is invertible (meaning that it has a pointwise multiplicative inverse, not that it is an invertible function) if it does not map any element of T to zero. The group G0 consists of elements homotopic, in G, to the identity in G, the constant function 1. One can choose the functions fn(z) = zn as representatives in G of distinct homotopy classes of maps T→T. Thus the index group ΛC(T) is the set of homotopy classes, indexed by the winding number of its members. Thus ΛC(T) is isomorphic to the fundamental group of T. It is a cou |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max%20Planck%20Institute%20of%20Immunobiology%20and%20Epigenetics | The Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and Epigenetics (German: Max-Planck-Institut für Immunbiologie und Epigenetik) in Freiburg, Germany is an interdisciplinary research institute that conducts basic research in modern immunobiology, developmental biology and epigenetics. It was founded in 1961 as the Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology and is one of 86 institutions of the Max Planck Society. Originally named the Max Planck Institute of Immunobiology, it was renamed to its current name in 2010 as it widened its research thrusts to the study of epigenetics.
The researchers of the institute study the development of the immune system and analyse the genes and molecules which are important for its function. They also seek to establish which factors control the maturation of immune cells and how chemical changes of the DNA influence the immune defense. The biologist Georges J. F. Köhler, a co-recipient of the 1984 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine, was director of the institute from 1984 until his death in 1995.
History
The institute was founded in 1961 and grew out of the research activities of the pharmaceutical company Wander AG in Freiburg. By the 1970s, MPIIE was engaged in studies focusing on interactions between infectious agents, particularly endotoxin, and the human immune system. The research scope was then expanded into cellular and molecular mechanisms of B and T cells in the next decade. From the 1990s, the institute focused increasingly on genetic impri |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robin%20Perutz | Robin Perutz FRS (born December 1949, in Cambridge) is a professor of Inorganic Chemistry at the University of York, where he was formerly head of department between 2000 and 2004.He is also the son of the Nobel Prize winner Max Perutz.
Perutz's research spans inorganic chemistry, photochemistry and catalysis. In particular his interests lie in the mechanistic details of homogeneous catalysis by transition metal complexes, and is responsible for many techniques used in the field that have enabled chemists to take a different approach to fundamental reactions and many industrial processes.
Education
Perutz graduated from the University of Cambridge with a BA in Natural Sciences in 1971. He subsequently worked for his PhD alongside Professor Jim Turner FRS, initially in Cambridge and then at Newcastle University. His focus was on utilising photochemical metal carbonyl dissociation in low temperature matrices, producing seminal work on the interaction of Cr(CO)5 with ‘inert’ matrix hosts, including CH4 and Xe.
Awards and distinctions
Fellow of the Royal Society (2010)
Franco-British Prize of the French Chemical Society (2009)
Sacconi Medal of Italian Chemical Society and Sacconi Foundation (2008)
President of Dalton Division of the Royal Society of Chemistry (2007-10)
Nyholm Medal and Lectureship of the Royal Society of Chemistry (2005)
Plenary and invited lectures
Plenary Lecture ACS Winter Fluorine Conference, Florida (January 2005)
Invited Lecture International Sy |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adaptable%20robotics | Adaptable robotics are generally based in robot developer kits. This technology is distinguished from static automation due to its capacity to adapt to changing environmental conditions and material features while retaining a degree of predictability required for collaboration (e.g. human-robot collaboration). The degree of adaptability is demonstrated in the way these can be moved around and used in different tasks.
Unlike static or factory robots, which have pre-defined way of operating, adaptable robots can function even if a component breaks, making them useful in cases like caring for the elderly, doing household tasks, and rescue work.
Adaptable Robotics systems successfully adapt to their environment using techniques such as modular design, machine learning, and sensor feedback. Using this, they have revolutionized various industries and have the ability to address many real-world challenges.
Software
The kits come with an open software platform tailored to a range of common robotic functions. The kits also come with common robotics hardware that connects easily with the software (infrared sensors, motors, microphone and video camera), which add to the capabilities of the robot.
The process of modifying a robot to achieve varying capabilities such as collaboration could merely include the selection of a module, the exchange of modules, robotic instruction via software, and execution.
Types of Adaptable Robots
Soft Robots
Robotics with soft grippers is an eme |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max%20Planck%20Institute%20for%20Infection%20Biology | The Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology (MPIIB) is a non-university research institute of the Max Planck Society located in the heart of Berlin in Berlin-Mitte. It was founded in 1993. Arturo Zychlinsky is currently the Managing Director. The MPIIB is divided into nine research groups, two partner groups and two Emeritus Groups of the founding director Stefan H. E. Kaufmann and the director emeritus Thomas F. Meyer. The department "Regulation in Infection Biology" headed by 2020 Nobel laureate Emmanuelle Charpentier was hived off as an independent research center in May 2018. The Max Planck Unit for the Science of Pathogens is now administratively independent of the Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology. In October 2019, Igor Iatsenko and Matthieu Domenech de Cellès established their research groups at the institute, Mark Cronan started his position as research group leader in March 2020. Silvia Portugal joined the institute in June 2020 as Lise Meitner Group Leader. Two more research groups where added in 2020, Felix M. Key joined in September and Olivia Majer in October, completing the reorganization of the Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology. Simone Reber joined as Max Planck Fellow in 2023 and now heads the research group Quantitative Biology.
Research Groups
Mark Cronan heads the research group "In vivo cell biology of infections". The group is investigating how granulomas develop in the course of a tuberculosis infection and how host-directed ther |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-J%20model | In solid-state physics, the t-J model is a model first derived in 1977 from the Hubbard model by Józef Spałek to explain antiferromagnetic properties of the Mott insulators and taking into account experimental results about the strength of electron-electron repulsion in this materials. The model consider the materials as a lattice with atoms in the knots (sites) and just one or two external electrons moving among them (internal electrons are not considered), like in the basic Hubbard model. That difference is in supposing electrons being strongly-correlated, that means electrons are very sensible to reciprocal coulombic repulsion, and so are more constrained to avoid occupying lattice's sites already occupied by another electron. In the basic Hubbard model, the repulsion, indicated with U, can be small and also null, and electrons are freer to jump (hopping, parametrized by t as transfer or tunnel) from one site to another. In the t-J model, instead of U, there is the parameter J, function of the ratio t/U, so the name.
It is used as a possible model to explain high temperature superconductivity in doped antiferromagnets, in the hypothesis of strong coupling between electrons.
The Hamiltonian
In quantum physics system's models are usually based on the Hamiltonian operator , corresponding to the total energy of that system, including both kinetic energy and potential energy.
The t-J Hamiltonian can be derived from the of the Hubbard model using the Schrieffer–Wolff transf |
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