source stringlengths 31 207 | text stringlengths 12 1.5k |
|---|---|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NTHU%20College%20of%20Electrical%20Engineering%20and%20Computer%20Science | The College of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science (EECS) of National Tsing Hua University was established on February 1, 1998. The goal of the college is to foster high-tech professionals to be ready to meet the trend in national economic construction and industrial development. Many alumni now work in Hsinchu Science Park, the technological heart of Taiwan.
The college of EECS now consists of two departments and four graduate institutes:
Department of Electrical Engineering (EE), Ph.D., M.S. and B.S.
Department of Computer Science (CS), Ph.D., M.S. and B.S.
Institute of Electronics Engineering (ENE), Ph.D. and M.S.
Institute of Communications Engineering (COM), Ph.D. and M.S.
Institute of Information Systems and Applications (ISA), Ph.D. and M.S.
Institute of Photonics Technologies (IPT), Ph.D. and M.S.
Currently, the College of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science has 95 full-time faculty members.
External links
EECS College Website
EECS College Website
Electrical Engineering Department
Computer Science Department
Institute of Communications
Institute of Information Systems and Applications
Institute of Fotonic Technologies
NTHU Official Website
National Tsing Hua University |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japanese%20Journal%20of%20Applied%20Physics | The Japanese Journal of Applied Physics is a peer-reviewed scientific journal that was established in 1962 and is published by the Japan Society of Applied Physics. From 1982 until 2008, the journal was published in two editions, Part 1 and Part 2:
Part 1 was published monthly and was for regular papers, short notes and review papers.
Part 2 was published semi-monthly and was for letters and express letters.
In 2008, Part 2 was separated as an independent journal and renamed Applied Physics Express. Part 1 continues to be published as the Japanese Journal of Applied Physics.
In June 2013, the Japan Society of Applied Physics signed an agreement with IOP Publishing for its journals to be published by IOP Publishing.
See also
Applied Physics Express
References
External links
scope of the Journal
content of the Journal
Editorial Policy of the Journal
The Institute of Pure and Applied Physics
Academic journals of Japan
Physics journals
Academic journals established in 1962
Monthly journals
English-language journals
Science and technology in Japan
Japan Society of Applied Physics academic journals
IOP Publishing academic journals |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Japan%20Society%20of%20Applied%20Physics | (JSAP) is a Japanese group of researchers in the field of applied physics. JSAP originated in 1932 from a voluntary forum of researchers belonging to the University of Tokyo and the Institute of Physical and Chemical Research. During World War II, most research, even applied, was frozen. In 1946, the society was established as an official academic society.
Oyo Buturi
Oyo Buturi () is the membership subscription of the Japan Society of Applied Physics. It is published monthly, in Japanese. Oyo Buturi International (1998) and JSAP International (2000-2008) are related English counterparts to Oyo Buturi.
Publications of the Japan Society of Applied Physics
Japanese Journal of Applied Physics
Applied Physics Express
Optical Review
Oyo Buturi
Oyo Buturi International
JSAP International
See also
The Physical Society of Japan
Optical Society of Japan
References
External links
JSAP homepage
JSAP homepage
Scientific societies based in Japan
Physics organizations
1949 establishments in Japan
Scientific organizations established in 1949
Public Interest Incorporated Associations (Japan) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Institute%20of%20Biomedical%20Imaging%20and%20Bioengineering | The National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), founded at the National Institutes of Health (NIH) in 2000, is located in Bethesda, Maryland. It is one of 27 institutes and centers that are part of NIH, an agency of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS).
NIBIB programs accelerate the development and application of biomedical imaging and bioengineering technologies to study, diagnose, and treat human diseases. The institute is an engine and testbed for innovative biomedical technologies, which it generates at a robust rate; NIBIB is first among NIH institutes for patents generated per funding dollar.
NIBIB-funded research integrates engineering and the physical sciences with the life sciences, building on opportunities and technical discoveries in biomedicine. The institute spearheads development of medical technologies that are better, faster, smaller, less costly and more accessible to people across the United States and around the world. NIBIB prepares the life-sciences workforce for paradigm shifts and catalyzes vital biomedical advances that will impact healthcare in the 21st century.
Leadership
Bruce J. Tromberg, Ph.D., Director
Jill Heemskerk, Ph.D., Deputy Director
Richard D. Leapman, Ph.D., Scientific Director, Intramural Research
Past directors
Directors from 2001 - present
History
Congress authorized NIBIB by passing the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering Establishment Act H.R. 1795, sig |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20D.%20Leapman | Richard D. Leapman (born 6 December 1950) is an English physicist who is current scientific director of National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB), since October 2006 and a chief of the laboratory of bioengineering and physical science. Leapman's research interests are in the development and application of quantitative electron microscopy and the application of novel nanoscale imaging methods to solve problems in structural and cellular biology.
Leapman has been active in developing the techniques of electron energy loss spectroscopy (EELS) and scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) to provide an unprecedented high spatial resolution for nanoanalysis of biological structures. Leapman has devised new methods for quantifying both elemental and chemical information obtained from inelastic electron scattering, a research area in which he has over one hundred publications. Leapman has extended the techniques of energy filtered transmission electron microscopy (EFTEM) and STEM and combined them with a known technique of tomography to obtain three-dimensional structural and compositional information of cellular components.
Leapman obtained his Ph.D. in physics from the University of Cambridge, England. He serves on the editorial boards of the journal of microscopy and nanotechnology and on peer review panels.
References
Publications
Chen KG, Valencia JC, Lai B, Zhang G, Paterson JK, Rouzaud F, Berens W, Wincovitch SM, Garfield SH, Leapman RD, |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Riemann%E2%80%93Hilbert%20correspondence | In mathematics, the term Riemann–Hilbert correspondence refers to the correspondence between regular singular flat connections on algebraic vector bundles and representations of the fundamental group, and more generally to one of several generalizations of this.
The original setting appearing in Hilbert's twenty-first problem was for the Riemann sphere, where it was about the existence of systems of linear regular differential equations with prescribed monodromy representations.
First the Riemann sphere may be replaced by an arbitrary Riemann surface and then, in higher dimensions, Riemann surfaces are replaced by complex manifolds of dimension > 1.
There is a correspondence between certain systems of partial differential equations (linear and having very special properties for their solutions) and possible monodromies of their solutions.
Such a result was proved for algebraic connections with regular singularities by Pierre Deligne (1970, generalizing existing work in the case of Riemann surfaces) and more generally for regular holonomic D-modules by Masaki Kashiwara (1980, 1984) and Zoghman Mebkhout (1980, 1984) independently.
In the setting of nonabelian Hodge theory, the Riemann-Hilbert correspondence provides a complex analytic isomorphism between two of the three natural algebraic structures on the moduli spaces, and so is naturally viewed as a nonabelian analogue of the comparison isomorphism between De Rham cohomology and singular/Betti cohomology.
Statement
Suppo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sunil%20Saigal | Sunil Saigal (), is an Indian-born American engineer.
Education
Saigal obtained his bachelor's degree (Civil Engineering) at Punjab Engineering College, Chandigarh, India in 1978, obtaining a masters in Structures from Indian Institute of Science in 1980, and obtained his PhD in 1985 from Purdue University.
Career
Sunil Saigal is a distinguished professor and a former dean of the Newark College of Engineering at New Jersey Institute of Technology.
Saigal's research has been focused on interactions with the industry and these contributions have included:
development of boundary element shape optimization in collaboration with United Technologies
formulations for powder packing in collaboration with Alcoa and DuPont
development of computational models for nonlinear soil behaviour in collaboration with ANSYS
cohesive element formulations for post crack behaviour of glass—polymer composites in collaboration with DuPont
explicit algorithms for high velocity impact in collaboration with Naval Surface Warfare Center
computational simulations of acetabular hip component to assist with total hip replacement surgery in a collaboration with University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
development of medial surface algorithms in collaboration with Sandia National Laboratories.
Awards
Fellow of American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME).
Fellow of American Society of Civil Engineers (ASCE)
Fellow of American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS).
Orr Award fo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20L.%20Modrich | Paul Lawrence Modrich (born June 13, 1946) is an American biochemist, James B. Duke Professor of Biochemistry at Duke University and Investigator at the Howard Hughes Medical Institute. He is known for his research on DNA mismatch repair. Modrich received the Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2015, jointly with Aziz Sancar and Tomas Lindahl.
Early life and education
Modrich was born on June 13, 1946, in Raton, New Mexico to Laurence Modrich and Margaret McTurk. He has a younger brother Dave. His father was a biology teacher and coach for basketball, football and tennis at Raton High School where he graduated in 1964. Modrich is of Croatian, Montenegrin, German and Scottish (Gaelic) origin. His paternal grandfather, of Croatian descent, is probably from the small village of Modrići near Zadar, and grandmother of Montenegrin descent, both immigrated to the United States from coastal Croatia in the late 19th century. His maternal family is of mixed German and Scotch-Irish descent. Modrich married fellow scientist Vickers Burdett in 1980.
Modrich obtained a B.S. degree from the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1968 and subsequently a Ph.D. degree from Stanford University in 1973. He continued his research as a postdoc in the lab of Charles C. Richardson at Harvard Medical School for a year (1973–1974).
Research
Modrich became an assistant professor at the chemistry department of University of California, Berkeley in 1974. He joined Duke University's faculty in 1976 and has bee |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruce%20J.%20Tromberg | Bruce J. Tromberg is an American photochemist and a leading researcher in the field of biophotonics. He is the director of the National Institute of Biomedical Imaging and Bioengineering (NIBIB) within the National Institutes of Health (NIH). Before joining NIH, he was Professor of Biomedical Engineering at The Henry Samueli School of Engineering and of Surgery at the School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine. He was the principal investigator of the Laser Microbeam and Medical Program (LAMMP), and the Director of the Beckman Laser Institute and Medical Clinic at Irvine. He was a co-leader of the Onco-imaging and Biotechnology Program of the NCI Chao Family Comprehensive Cancer Center at Irvine.
Tromberg is actively engaged in translational research, developing biophotonics technologies while working closely with clinicians and patients to explore their possible clinical application in areas such as breast cancer, heart disease and obesity. He is considered "a pioneer in biophotonics through the continuous development of advanced technologies in diffuse optical spectroscopy and multi-modal imaging." He received the 2015 Michael S. Feld Biophotonics Award "as an advocate for and leader of the Biophotonics Community and for pioneering the development and clinical application of spatially and temporally modulated light imaging."
Education
Tromberg received a B.A., in Chemistry from Vanderbilt University in 1979, and a M.S.(1983) and Ph.D.(1988) in Chemistry, worki |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mannitol%20salt%20agar | Mannitol salt agar or MSA is a commonly used selective and differential growth medium in microbiology. It encourages the growth of a group of certain bacteria while inhibiting the growth of others.
It contains a high concentration (about 7.5–10%) of salt (NaCl) which is inhibitory to most bacteria - making MSA selective against most Gram-negative and selective for some Gram-positive bacteria (Staphylococcus, Enterococcus and Micrococcaceae) that tolerate high salt concentrations. It is also a differential medium for mannitol-fermenting staphylococci, containing the sugar alcohol mannitol and the indicator phenol red, a pH indicator for detecting acid produced by mannitol-fermenting staphylococci. Staphylococcus aureus produces yellow colonies with yellow zones, whereas other coagulase-negative staphylococci produce small pink or red colonies with no colour change to the medium. If an organism can ferment mannitol, an acidic byproduct is formed that causes the phenol red in the agar to turn yellow. It is used for the selective isolation of presumptive pathogenic (pp) Staphylococcus species.
Expected results
Gram + Staphylococcus: fermenting mannitol: medium turns yellow (e.g. S. aureus)
Gram + Staphylococcus: not fermenting mannitol, medium does not change color (e.g. S. epidermidis)
Gram + Streptococcus: inhibited growth
Gram -: inhibited growth
Typical composition
MSA typically contains:
5.0 g/L enzymatic digest of casein
5.0 g/L enzymatic digest of animal tissue
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Astrobotany | Astrobotany is an applied sub-discipline of botany that is the study of plants in space environments. It is a branch of astrobiology and botany.
Astrobotany concerns both the study of extraterrestrial vegetation discovery, as well as research into the growth of terrestrial vegetation in outer space by humans.
It has been a subject of study that plants may be grown in outer space typically in a weightless but pressurized controlled environment in specific space gardens. In the context of human spaceflight, they can be consumed as food and/or provide a refreshing atmosphere. Plants can metabolize carbon dioxide in the air to produce valuable oxygen, and can help control cabin humidity. Growing plants in space may provide a psychological benefit to human spaceflight crews.
The first challenge in growing plants in space is how to get plants to grow without gravity. This runs into difficulties regarding the effects of gravity on root development, providing appropriate types of lighting, and other challenges. In particular, the nutrient supply to root as well as the nutrient biogeochemical cycles, and the microbiological interactions in soil-based substrates are particularly complex, but have been shown to make possible space farming in hypo- and micro-gravity.
NASA plans to grow plants in space to help feed astronauts, and to provide psychological benefits for long-term space flight.
Extraterrestrial vegetation
Vegetation red edge
The vegetation red edge (VRE) is a biosigna |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syun-Ichi%20Akasofu | is the founding director of the International Arctic Research Center of the University of Alaska Fairbanks (UAF), serving in that position from the center's establishment in 1998 until January 2007. Previously he had been director of the university's Geophysical Institute from 1986.
Background
Akasofu earned a B.S. and a M.S. in geophysics at Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan, in 1953 and 1957, respectively. He earned a Ph.D in geophysics at UAF in 1961. Within the framework of his Ph.D. thesis he studied the aurora. His scientific adviser was Sydney Chapman. Akasofu has been a professor of geophysics at UAF since 1964.
Akasofu was director of the Geophysical Institute from 1986 until 1999, during which time the Alaska Volcano Observatory was established and Poker Flat Research Range was modernized. He went on to become the first director of the International Arctic Research Center (IARC) upon its establishment in 1998, and remained in that position until 2007. The same year, the building which houses IARC was named in his honor.
Akasofu has served as an Associate Editor of the Journal of Geophysical Research (1972–74) and the Journal of Geomagnetism & Geoelectricity (1972–present), respectively. Furthermore, he has served as a member of the Editorial Advisory Board of the Planetary Space Science (1969–present), the Editorial Advisory Board of Space Science Reviews (1967–77), and the Editorial Committee of Space Science Reviews (1977–present). As a graduate student, Akaso |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quantum%20leap%20%28disambiguation%29 | Quantum Leap is a 1989–1993 American television series.
Quantum leap or variation, may also refer to:
In general
quantum jump or quantum leap, in quantum physics, a transition between quantum states
paradigm shift or quantum leap, a drastic change and advancement
Arts and entertainment
Quantum Leap (2022 TV series), a sequel and remake of the 1989 series
The Quantum Leap, a public art sculpture in Shrewsbury, England
Quantum Leap, a 2021 album by Gus G
Emergency: Quantum Leap, a 2019 EP by X1
Other uses
Sinclair Quantum Leap or QL, a personal computer from Sinclair
Quantum Leap Technology, a U.S. fuel cell company
See also
quantum jump (disambiguation)
Quantum (disambiguation)
Leap (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PowerPC%20e200 | The PowerPC e200 is a family of 32-bit Power ISA microprocessor cores developed by Freescale for primary use in automotive and industrial control systems. The cores are designed to form the CPU part in system-on-a-chip (SoC) designs with speed ranging up to 600 MHz, thus making them ideal for embedded applications.
The e200 core is developed from the MPC5xx family processors, which in turn is derived from the MPC8xx core in the PowerQUICC SoC processors. e200 adheres to the Power ISA v.2.03 as well as the previous Book E specification. All e200 core based microprocessors are named in the MPC55xx and MPC56xx/JPC56x scheme, not to be confused with the MPC52xx processors which is based on the PowerPC e300 core.
In April 2007 Freescale and IPextreme opened up the e200 cores for licensing to other manufacturers.
Continental AG and Freescale are developing SPACE, a tri-core e200 based processor designed for electronic brake systems in cars.
STMicroelectronics and Freescale have jointly developed microcontrollers for automotive applications based on e200 in the MPC56xx/SPC56x family.
Cores
The e200 family consists of six cores, from simple low-end to complex high-end in nature.
e200z0
The simplest core, e200z0 features an in order, four stage pipeline. It has no MMU, no cache, and no FPU. It uses the variable bit length (VLE) part of the Power ISA, which uses 16-bit versions of the otherwise standard 32-bit PowerPC Book E ISA, thus reducing code footprint by up to 30%. It ha |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yetter%E2%80%93Drinfeld%20category | In mathematics a Yetter–Drinfeld category is a special type of braided monoidal category. It consists of modules over a Hopf algebra which satisfy some additional axioms.
Definition
Let H be a Hopf algebra over a field k. Let denote the coproduct and S the antipode of H. Let V be a vector space over k. Then V is called a (left left) Yetter–Drinfeld module over H if
is a left H-module, where denotes the left action of H on V,
is a left H-comodule, where denotes the left coaction of H on V,
the maps and satisfy the compatibility condition
for all ,
where, using Sweedler notation, denotes the twofold coproduct of , and .
Examples
Any left H-module over a cocommutative Hopf algebra H is a Yetter–Drinfeld module with the trivial left coaction .
The trivial module with , , is a Yetter–Drinfeld module for all Hopf algebras H.
If H is the group algebra kG of an abelian group G, then Yetter–Drinfeld modules over H are precisely the G-graded G-modules. This means that
,
where each is a G-submodule of V.
More generally, if the group G is not abelian, then Yetter–Drinfeld modules over H=kG are G-modules with a G-gradation
, such that .
Over the base field all finite-dimensional, irreducible/simple Yetter–Drinfeld modules over a (nonabelian) group H=kG are uniquely given through a conjugacy class together with (character of) an irreducible group representation of the centralizer of some representing :
As G-module take to be the induced module of :
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kugelblitz | Kugelblitz (German for "ball lightning") may refer to:
Kugelblitz (armoured fighting vehicle), a German self-propelled anti-aircraft gun used in World War II
Kugelblitz (astrophysics), a concentration of light so intense that it forms an event horizon and becomes self-trapped
Operation Kugelblitz, a 1943 anti-Partisan offensive in Yugoslavia
Aílton (footballer, born 1973), nickname for athlete Aílton Gonçalves da Silva |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slater%27s%20rules | In quantum chemistry, Slater's rules provide numerical values for the effective nuclear charge in a many-electron atom. Each electron is said to experience less than the actual nuclear charge, because of shielding or screening by the other electrons. For each electron in an atom, Slater's rules provide a value for the screening constant, denoted by s, S, or σ, which relates the effective and actual nuclear charges as
The rules were devised semi-empirically by John C. Slater and published in 1930.
Revised values of screening constants based on computations of atomic structure by the Hartree–Fock method were obtained by Enrico Clementi et al. in the 1960s.
Rules
Firstly, the electrons are arranged into a sequence of groups in order of increasing principal quantum number n, and for equal n in order of increasing azimuthal quantum number l, except that s- and p- orbitals are kept together.
[1s] [2s,2p] [3s,3p] [3d] [4s,4p] [4d] [4f] [5s, 5p] [5d] etc.
Each group is given a different shielding constant which depends upon the number and types of electrons in those groups preceding it.
The shielding constant for each group is formed as the sum of the following contributions:
An amount of 0.35 from each other electron within the same group except for the [1s] group, where the other electron contributes only 0.30.
If the group is of the [ns, np] type, an amount of 0.85 from each electron with principal quantum number (n–1), and an amount of 1.00 for each electron with principal |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hochschild%20homology | In mathematics, Hochschild homology (and cohomology) is a homology theory for associative algebras over rings. There is also a theory for Hochschild homology of certain functors. Hochschild cohomology was introduced by for algebras over a field, and extended to algebras over more general rings by .
Definition of Hochschild homology of algebras
Let k be a field, A an associative k-algebra, and M an A-bimodule. The enveloping algebra of A is the tensor product of A with its opposite algebra. Bimodules over A are essentially the same as modules over the enveloping algebra of A, so in particular A and M can be considered as Ae-modules. defined the Hochschild homology and cohomology group of A with coefficients in M in terms of the Tor functor and Ext functor by
Hochschild complex
Let k be a ring, A an associative k-algebra that is a projective k-module, and M an A-bimodule. We will write for the n-fold tensor product of A over k. The chain complex that gives rise to Hochschild homology is given by
with boundary operator defined by
where is in A for all and . If we let
then , so is a chain complex called the Hochschild complex, and its homology is the Hochschild homology of A with coefficients in M. Henceforth, we will write as simply .
Remark
The maps are face maps making the family of modules a simplicial object in the category of k-modules, i.e., a functor Δo → k-mod, where Δ is the simplex category and k-mod is the category of k-modules. Here Δo is the opposi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geometric%20Langlands%20correspondence | In mathematics, the geometric Langlands correspondence is a reformulation of the Langlands correspondence obtained by replacing the number fields appearing in the original number theoretic version by function fields and applying techniques from algebraic geometry. The geometric Langlands correspondence relates algebraic geometry and representation theory.
The specific case of the geometric Langlands correspondence for general linear groups over function fields was proven by Laurent Lafforgue in 2002, where it follows as a consequence of Lafforgue's theorem.
History
In mathematics, the classical Langlands correspondence is a collection of results and conjectures relating number theory and representation theory. Formulated by Robert Langlands in the late 1960s, the Langlands correspondence is related to important conjectures in number theory such as the Taniyama–Shimura conjecture, which includes Fermat's Last Theorem as a special case. Establishing the Langlands correspondence in the number theoretic context has proven extremely difficult. As a result, some mathematicians have posed the geometric Langlands correspondence.
Langlands correspondences can be formulated for global fields (as well as local fields), which are classified into number fields or global function fields. The classical Langlands correspondence is formulated for number fields. The geometric Langlands correspondence is instead formulated for global function fields, which in some sense have proven easier t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeffrey%20Satinover | Jeffrey Burke Satinover (September 4, 1947) is an American psychiatrist, psychoanalyst, and physicist. He is known for books on a number of controversial topics in physics and neuroscience, and on religion, but especially for his writing and public-policy efforts relating to homosexuality, same-sex marriage and the ex-gay movement.
Biography
Satinover was born in Chicago, Illinois, on September 4, 1947, to Joseph and Sena Satinover. He lived in and around Chicago until moving to California at the beginning of his high school years. Satinover won a National Merit Scholarship. He earned his Bachelor of Science degree at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1971. He obtained a Master of Education degree in Clinical Psychology and Public Practice from Harvard University, a medical degree at the University of Texas, and a Master of Science in physics at Yale University. He received a diploma in analytical psychology from the C. G. Jung Institute of Zürich, becoming their youngest graduate. He trained there and became an accredited Jungian analyst. He received a PhD in physics in the laboratory of Didier Sornette at the University of Nice in France, in 2009.
He married for the second time in 1982, having previously divorced and is the father of three daughters.
According to two journalists, in September 1991, during the confirmation hearings for U.S. Supreme Court Justice Clarence Thomas, Satinover suggested during dinner conversation with President Bush's nephew that Ani |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trirhenium%20nonachloride | Trirhenium nonachloride is a compound with the formula ReCl3, sometimes also written Re3Cl9. It is a dark red hygroscopic solid that is insoluble in ordinary solvents. The compound is important in the history of inorganic chemistry as an early example of a cluster compound with metal-metal bonds. It is used as a starting material for synthesis of other rhenium complexes.
Structure and physical properties
As shown by X-ray crystallography trirhenium nonachloride consists of Re3Cl12 subunits that share three chloride bridges with adjacent clusters. The interconnected network of clusters forms sheets. Around each Re center are seven ligands, four bridging chlorides, one terminal chloride, and two Re-Re bonds.
The heat of oxidation is evaluated according to the equation:
1/3 Re3Cl9 + 4 OH− + 2 OCl− → ReO4− + 2 H2O + 5Cl−
The enthalpy for this process is 190.7 ± 0.2 kcal/mol.
Preparation and reactions
The compound was discovered in 1932, although these workers did not determine its structure, which is unusual for metal chlorides. Trirhenium nonachloride is efficiently prepared by thermal decomposition of rhenium pentachloride or hexachlororhenic(IV) acid:
3 ReCl5 → Re3Cl9 + 3 Cl2
If the sample is vacuum sublimed at 500 °C, the resulting material is comparatively unreactive, but the partially hydrated material can be more useful synthetically. Other synthetic methods include treating rhenium with sulfuryl chloride. This process is sometimes conducted with t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Braided%20Hopf%20algebra | In mathematics, a braided Hopf algebra is a Hopf algebra in a braided monoidal category. The most common braided Hopf algebras are objects in a Yetter–Drinfeld category of a Hopf algebra H, particularly the Nichols algebra of a braided vector space in that category.
The notion should not be confused with quasitriangular Hopf algebra.
Definition
Let H be a Hopf algebra over a field k, and assume that the antipode of H is bijective. A Yetter–Drinfeld module R over H is called a braided bialgebra in the Yetter–Drinfeld category if
is a unital associative algebra, where the multiplication map and the unit are maps of Yetter–Drinfeld modules,
is a coassociative coalgebra with counit , and both and are maps of Yetter–Drinfeld modules,
the maps and are algebra maps in the category , where the algebra structure of is determined by the unit and the multiplication map
Here c is the canonical braiding in the Yetter–Drinfeld category .
A braided bialgebra in is called a braided Hopf algebra, if there is a morphism of Yetter–Drinfeld modules such that
for all
where in slightly modified Sweedler notation – a change of notation is performed in order to avoid confusion in Radford's biproduct below.
Examples
Any Hopf algebra is also a braided Hopf algebra over
A super Hopf algebra is nothing but a braided Hopf algebra over the group algebra .
The tensor algebra of a Yetter–Drinfeld module is always a braided Hopf algebra. The coproduct of is defined in s |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spectral%20element%20method | In the numerical solution of partial differential equations, a topic in mathematics, the spectral element method (SEM) is a formulation of the finite element method (FEM) that uses high degree piecewise polynomials as basis functions. The spectral element method was introduced in a 1984 paper by A. T. Patera. Although Patera is credited with development of the method, his work was a rediscovery of an existing method (see Development History)
Discussion
The spectral method expands the solution in trigonometric series, a chief advantage being that the resulting method is of a very high order.
This approach relies on the fact that trigonometric polynomials are an orthonormal basis for .
The spectral element method chooses instead a high degree piecewise polynomial basis functions, also achieving a very high order of accuracy.
Such polynomials are usually orthogonal Chebyshev polynomials or very high order Lagrange polynomials over non-uniformly spaced nodes.
In SEM computational error decreases exponentially as the order of approximating polynomial increases, therefore a fast convergence of solution to the exact solution is realized with fewer degrees of freedom of the structure in comparison with FEM.
In structural health monitoring, FEM can be used for detecting large flaws in a structure, but as the size of the flaw is reduced there is a need to use a high-frequency wave. In order to simulate the propagation of a high-frequency wave, the FEM mesh required is very fine |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lift%20%28mathematics%29 | In category theory, a branch of mathematics, given a morphism f: X → Y and a morphism g: Z → Y, a lift or lifting of f to Z is a morphism h: X → Z such that . We say that f factors through h.
A basic example in topology is lifting a path in one topological space to a path in a covering space. For example, consider mapping opposite points on a sphere to the same point, a continuous map from the sphere covering the projective plane. A path in the projective plane is a continuous map from the unit interval [0,1]. We can lift such a path to the sphere by choosing one of the two sphere points mapping to the first point on the path, then maintain continuity. In this case, each of the two starting points forces a unique path on the sphere, the lift of the path in the projective plane. Thus in the category of topological spaces with continuous maps as morphisms, we have
Lifts are ubiquitous; for example, the definition of fibrations (see Homotopy lifting property) and the valuative criteria of separated and proper maps of schemes are formulated in terms of existence and (in the last case) uniqueness of certain lifts.
In algebraic topology and homological algebra, tensor product and the Hom functor are adjoint; however, they might not always lift to an exact sequence. This leads to the definition of the Ext functor and the Tor functor.
Algebraic logic
The notations of first-order predicate logic are streamlined when quantifiers are relegated to established domains and ranges of b |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veer%20Bhadra%20Mishra | Veer Bhadra Mishra was the founding president of the Sankat Mochan Foundation.
He was a former professor of Hydraulic engineering and former Head of the Civil Engineering Department at the Indian Institute of Technology (BHU) Varanasi. He was also the Mahant (High Priest) of the Sankat Mochan Hanuman temple, Varanasi at Varanasi founded by poet-saint Goswami Tulsidas. Mishra was recognized on the United Nations Environment Programme's (UNEP) "Global 500 Roll of Honour" in 1992, and was a TIME Magazines "Hero of the Planet" recipient in 1999 for his work related to cleaning of the Ganges through the Sankat Mochan Foundation. He was a member of the National Ganga River Basin Authority (NGRBA) under Ministry of Environment, Govt. of India, which was set up in 2009, by the Government of India as an empowered planning, financing, monitoring and coordinating authority for the Ganges, in exercise of the powers conferred under the Environment (Protection) Act, 1986.
Mishra was conferred the title "Gangaikkaavalan", meaning the 'Protector of Ganga' on 21 August 2006 by the DRBCCC Hindu College, Pattabiram, Chennai-72, Tamil Nadu. On the occasion he was also decorated with a coronet of golden lotus, as per the Sangam Tamil tradition.
Mishra was awarded the prestigious "SaMaPa Vitasta Award 2009" in Delhi by "Sopori Academy of Music And Performing Arts" for his lifetime contribution and service to Indian music and culture.
References
External links
Sankat Mochan Foundation, Offic |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popper%27s%20experiment | Popper's experiment is an experiment proposed by the philosopher Karl Popper to test aspects of the uncertainty principle in quantum mechanics.
History
In fact, as early as 1934, Popper started criticising the increasingly more accepted Copenhagen interpretation, a popular subjectivist interpretation of quantum mechanics. Therefore, in his most famous book Logik der Forschung he proposed a first experiment alleged to empirically discriminate between the Copenhagen Interpretation and a realist ensemble interpretation, which he advocated. Einstein, however, wrote a letter to Popper about the experiment in which he raised some crucial objections and Popper himself declared that this first attempt was "a gross mistake for which I have been deeply sorry and ashamed of ever since".
Popper, however, came back to the foundations of quantum mechanics from 1948, when he developed his criticism of determinism in both quantum and classical physics.
As a matter of fact, Popper greatly intensified his research activities on the foundations of quantum mechanics throughout the 1950s and 1960s developing his interpretation of quantum mechanics in terms of real existing probabilities (propensities), also thanks to the support of a number of distinguished physicists (such as David Bohm).
In 1980, Popper proposed perhaps his more important, yet overlooked, contribution to QM: a "new simplified version of the EPR experiment".
The experiment was however published only two years later, in the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl%20Neuberg | Carl Alexander Neuberg (29 July 1877 – 30 May 1956) was an early pioneer in biochemistry, and he has sometimes been referred to as the "father of modern biochemistry". His notable contribution to science includes the discovery of the carboxylase and the elucidation of alcoholic fermentation which he showed to be a process of successive enzymatic steps, an understanding that became crucial as to how metabolic pathways would be investigated by later researchers.
Personal life
Carl Sandel Neuberg was born on 29 July 1877 to a Jewish family in Hanover as the first child of Julius and Alma Neuberg. He was educated in the classical language gymnasium Lyceum I of the Ratsgymnasium until he was 15. In 1892 he moved with his parents to Berlin where he attended Friedrich-Werdersches Gymnasium. After graduating school in 1896, he studied astronomy, but soon switched to chemistry to comply with his father's wishes for him to become a master of brewery. He studied at the University of Würzburg and University of Berlin as well as Technischen Hochschule Charlottenburg.
On 21 May 1907, Neuberg married Franziska Helene (Hela) Lewinski, with whom he had two daughters, Irene Stephanie in 1908 and Marianne in 1911. His wife died from leukemia on 24 March 1929 at the age of 45. Neuberg was forced out of his job in 1934 under pressure from the Nazis. Just before the outbreak of the Second World War, he left Germany to work for a while at the University of Amsterdam, then travelled to Palestine v |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathilde%20Krim | Mathilde Krim (; née Galland; July 9, 1926 – January 15, 2018) was a medical researcher and the founding chairman of amfAR, American Foundation for AIDS Research.
Biography
Mathilde Galland was born in Como, Italy to a Swiss Protestant father and Italian Roman Catholic mother. She received her PhD in Biology from the University of Geneva, Switzerland, in 1953. In 1948, she married David Danon, an Israeli man she met at University of Geneva School of Medicine. She converted to Judaism before marriage. They had a daughter and shortly thereafter relocated to Israel.
While living in Switzerland, she assisted members of the Irgun in their efforts to purchase arms from former French resistance members, prior to Israel's independence. After moving to the U.S., she was also very active in collecting donations for Israel.
Medical research career
From 1953 to 1959, she pursued research in cytogenetics and cancer-causing viruses at the Weizmann Institute of Science in Israel, where she was a member of the team that first developed a method for the prenatal determination of sex.
After her divorce, she moved to New York and joined the research staff of Cornell University Medical School, following her 1958 marriage to Arthur B. Krim — a New York attorney, head of United Artists, later founder of Orion Pictures, active member of the Democratic Party, and advisor to Presidents John F. Kennedy, Lyndon Johnson, and Jimmy Carter. On May 19, 1962, the Krims hosted an exclusive celebrity-fill |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Page | David Page (and those similarly spelled) may refer to:
David Page (geologist) (1814–1879), Scottish science writer
David Page (musician) (1960–2016), Indigenous Australian music director
David C. Page (born 1956), American professor of biology
David Perkins Page (1810–1848), American educator and writer, first head of the New York State Normal School
Dave Page (born 1940), American former history professor, now cobbler
David R. Paige (1844–1901), U.S. Representative |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20FEBS%20Journal | The FEBS Journal is a biweekly peer-reviewed scientific journal published by John Wiley & Sons on behalf of the Federation of European Biochemical Societies. It covers research on all aspects of biochemistry, molecular biology, cell biology, and the molecular bases of disease. The editor-in-chief is Seamus Martin (Trinity College Dublin), who took over from Richard Perham (University of Cambridge) in 2014.
Content is available for free 1 year after publication, except review content, which is available immediately. The journal also publishes special and virtual issues focusing on a specific theme.
Since 2021, the journal has given an annual award, "The FEBS Journal Richard Perham Prize", for an outstanding research paper published in the journal. The winners receive a €5,000 cash prize (to be divided equally between the first and last authors) and the senior author of the study is invited to give a talk at the FEBS Annual Congress. The journal also gives more frequent poster prize awards to early-career scientists presenting at conferences.
History
The journal was established in 1906 by Carl Neuberg, who also served as the first editor-in-chief. Its original name was Biochemische Zeitschrift. It was renamed to the European Journal of Biochemistry in 1967, with Claude Liébecq as editor-in-chief, succeeded by Richard Perham, during whose tenure the name became the FEBS Journal, in 2005.
Notable papers
During the early years the Biochemisches Zeitschrift published numerou |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iatrophysics | Iatrophysics or iatromechanics (fr. Greek) is the medical application of physics. It provides an explanation for medical practices with mechanical principles. It was a school of medicine in the seventeenth century which attempted to explain physiological phenomena in mechanical terms. Believers of iatromechanics thought that physiological phenomena of the human body followed the laws of physics. It was related to iatrochemistry in studying the human body in a systematic manner based on observations from the natural world though it had more emphasis on mathematical models rather than chemical processes.
Background
The Age of Enlightenment was an era of radically changing ways of thought in Western politics, philosophy, and science. Major sociological changes occurred in the Enlightenment, as well as industrial and scientific. In medicine, the Enlightenment brought several discoveries and studies that were impacted by changing ways of thought. For example, capillaries were discovered by Marcello Malpighi. Jan Baptist van Helmont (1580–1644) was the first to consider digestion a fermentation process and identified hydrochloric acid in the stomach. Pathological anatomy and clinical observation were also being integrated into the medical curriculum. The Enlightenment also directly influenced the field of iatrophysics through the development of Antonie von Leeuwenhoek's microscope, the advancement of the field of ophthalmology through the use of physics by René Descartes, and New |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Institut%20Henri%20Poincar%C3%A9 | The Henri Poincaré Institute (or IHP for Institut Henri Poincaré) is a mathematics research institute part of Sorbonne University, in association with the Centre national de la recherche scientifique (CNRS). It is located in the 5th arrondissement of Paris, on the Sainte-Geneviève Hill.
History
Just after World War I, mathematicians Émile Borel in France and George Birkhoff in the United States persuaded French and American sponsors (Edmond de Rothschild and the Rockefeller Foundation respectively) to fund the building of a centre for lectures and international exchanges in mathematics and theoretical physics. The Institute was inaugurated on 17 November 1928 and named after French mathematician Henri Poincaré (1854–1912).
The institute's objective has been to promote mathematical physics, and it soon became a meeting place for the French scientific community. In the 1990s, the IHP became a thematic institute modeled on Berkeley's Mathematical Sciences Research Institute (MSRI).
Organization
The IHP's governing board has about 35 members. There are no permanent researchers other than the director and the deputy director. From 2009 to 2017, the institute was headed by mathematician Cédric Villani, Fields Medals laureate in 2010, as director. French cosmologist Jean-Philippe Uzan was his deputy director. Since 2018, Sylvie Benzoni is the institute's director.
Together with the Institut des Hautes Études Scientifiques (IHES), the Centre International de Rencontres Mathémati |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EMBnet | The European Molecular Biology network (EMBnet) is an international scientific network and interest group that aims to enhance bioinformatics services by bringing together bioinformatics expertises and capacities. On 2011 EMBnet has 37 nodes spread over 32 countries. The nodes include bioinformatics related university departments, research institutes and national service providers.
Operations
The main task of most EMBnet nodes is to provide their national scientific community with access to bioinformatics databanks, specialised software and sufficient computing resources and expertise. EMBnet is also working in the fields of bioinformatics training and software development. Examples of software created by EMBnet members are: EMBOSS, wEMBOSS, UTOPIA.
EMBnet represents a wide user group and works closely together with the database producers such as EMBL's European Bioinformatics Institute (EBI), the Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics (Swiss-Prot), the Munich Information Center for Protein Sequences (MIPS), in order to provide a uniform coverage of services throughout Europe. EMBnet is registered in the Netherlands as a public foundation (Stichting).
Since its creation in 1988, EMBnet has evolved from an informal network of individuals in charge of maintaining biological databases into the only worldwide organization bringing bioinformatics professionals to work together to serve the expanding fields of genetics and molecular biology. Although composed predominantly of academ |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DHR | DHR may stand for:
Department of Health Research, to promote research activities in India. Under Ministry of Health and Family Welfare
Dlg homologous region in biochemistry
Digital Hardcore Recordings, a record label based in London
Danaher Corporation, an American diversified conglomerate
Den Haan Rotterdam B.V., a Dutch manufacturer of nautical lanterns, searchlights and air horns
Darjeeling Himalayan Railway, West Bengal, India
Dhr.; De Heer, Dutch for mister
Digital Human Resources, a start-up company at Saint-Petersburg
Device History Record
nl:DHR |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optics%20and%20Photonics%20News | Optics & Photonics News is the membership magazine of The Optical Society. It is published monthly (with a double issue in July/August) and covers developments in optics, photonics, and related topics in physics and engineering. It was established in 1975 as Optics News. The magazine adopted a regular bimonthly publication schedule beginning in 1982 and transitioned to monthly publication in 1985. The name of the publication was changed to Optics & Photonics News in January 1990, in light of the dramatic growth of photonics as a new discipline in the wake of the discovery of the laser. The format of the magazine has evolved from a newsletter format to a glossy magazine.
Since 1982, the last issue of each year has included a "year in optics" feature, including summaries of some of the most notable work in optics and photonic science and engineering over the previous 12 months.
References
External links
Professional and trade magazines
Optica (society)
Monthly magazines published in the United States
Magazines established in 1975
English-language magazines
Science and technology magazines published in the United States
Magazines published in Washington, D.C. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joel%20E.%20Cohen | Joel Ephraim Cohen NAS AAA&S APS CFR AAAS (born February 10, 1944) is a mathematical biologist. He is currently Abby Rockefeller Mauzé Professor of Populations at the Rockefeller University in New York City and at the Earth Institute of Columbia University, where he holds a joint appointment in the Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, the Department of Ecology, Evolution and Environmental Biology, and the School of International and Public Affairs. He is also a member of the Council on Foreign Relations.
Education
Cohen grew up in Washington DC and Michigan and graduated from Cranbrook School in 1961. He received his Bachelor of Arts degree in applied mathematics from Harvard University in 1965, and earned a Ph.D. in applied mathematics from Harvard in 1970. In 1973, he received from Harvard another doctorate in population sciences and tropical public health. He received an honorary master's degree from the University of Cambridge in 1974.
Research
Cohen has since taught or lectured at Harvard University, Yale University, Stanford University, the Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, the College of Notre Dame of Maryland, the National University of San Luis, Argentina, the Central University of Venezuela, and the University of California, Berkeley. He has also held numerous fellowships, including ones with the Harvard Society of Fellows, John Simon Guggenheim Foundation, the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science, and the John D. and Catherine T. MacArthu |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permanent | Permanent may refer to:
Art and entertainment
Permanent (film), a 2017 American film
Permanent (Joy Division album)
"Permanent" (song), by David Cook
"Permanent", a song by Alex Lahey from The Answer Is Always Yes, 2023
Other uses
Permanent (mathematics), a concept in linear algebra
Permanent (cycling event)
Permanent wave, a hairstyling process
See also
Permanence (disambiguation)
Permanently, a 2000 album by Mark Wills
Endless (disambiguation)
Eternal (disambiguation)
Forever (disambiguation)
Impermanence, Buddhist concept |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Kuo%20%28financial%20media%20personality%29 | David Kuo 郭大昌 (Born 26 November 1956, Hong Kong) is a stock market analyst and radio personality.
Personal History
After completing a PhD in Chemistry at Imperial College London, David returned to his hometown in Hong Kong to improve his business skills. When he returned to the United Kingdom, via Singapore, he worked for Hilton Group's racing division. Following this he ran his own trading company.
Kuo joined The Motley Fool UK in 2000 as a news reporter, progressing to analyst in 2001 when the Dot-com bubble burst and the company made lay-offs. It was at this point he volunteered to be interviewed by BBC radio, starting his broadcasting career. He returned to Singapore to setup The Motley Fool Singapore in 2013. The business closed in October 2019 citing financial regulations making it impossible to grow the business further. Following the closure Kuo co-founded The Smart Investor.
Broadcasting
David was heard regularly as a guest of Danny Baker on BBC London’s 94.9 FM, and is a regular commentator on national news programmes including CNBC, BBC News, Sky News and Fox Business News.
He previously presented a weekly podcast MoneyTalk, where he discussed the investing issues with members of the business and financial world.
References
External links
The Smart Investor
Business commentators
English radio personalities
Living people
1956 births |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thiobutabarbital | Thiobutabarbital (Inactin, Brevinarcon) is a short-acting barbiturate derivative invented in the 1950s. It has sedative, anticonvulsant and hypnotic effects, and is still used in veterinary medicine for induction in surgical anaesthesia.
Stereochemistry
Thiobutabarbital contains a stereocenter and consists of two enantiomers. This is a racemate, ie a 1: 1 mixture of ( R ) - and the ( S ) - form:
References
Thiobarbiturates
GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward%20Reingold | Edward M. Reingold (born 1945) is a computer scientist active in the fields of algorithms, data structures, graph drawing, and calendrical calculations.
In 1996 he was inducted as a Fellow of the Association for Computing Machinery.
In 2000 he retired from University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign and was a professor of computer science and applied mathematics at the Illinois Institute of Technology until his retirement in 2019.
Works
He has co-authored the standard text on calendrical calculations, Calendrical Calculations, with Nachum Dershowitz.
In 1981 he was the co-author, with John Tilford, of the canonical paper "Tidier Drawings of Trees" which described a method, now known as the Reingold-Tilford algorithm, to produce more aesthetically pleasing drawing of binary (and by extension, m-ary) trees .
References
American computer scientists
Graph drawing people
1945 births
Living people
Scientists from Illinois
Fellows of the Association for Computing Machinery
Illinois Institute of Technology faculty
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign faculty
Cornell University alumni |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD64 | CD64 can refer to:
CD64 (biology)
CD64 (Nintendo) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CD64%20%28biology%29 | CD64 (Cluster of Differentiation 64) is a type of integral membrane glycoprotein known as an Fc receptor that binds monomeric IgG-type antibodies with high affinity. It is more commonly known as Fc-gamma receptor 1 (FcγRI). After binding IgG, CD64 interacts with an accessory chain known as the common γ chain (γ chain), which possesses an ITAM motif that is necessary for triggering cellular activation.
Structurally CD64 is composed of a signal peptide that allows its transport to the surface of a cell, three extracellular immunoglobulin domains of the C2-type that it uses to bind antibody, a hydrophobic transmembrane domain, and a short cytoplasmic tail.
CD64 is constitutively found on only macrophages and monocytes, but treatment of polymorphonuclear leukocytes with cytokines like IFNγ and G-CSF can induce CD64 expression on these cells.
There are three distinct (but highly similar) genes in humans for CD64 called FcγRIA (CD64A), FcγRIB (CD64B), and FcγRIC (CD64C) that are located on chromosome 1. These three genes produce six different mRNA transcripts; two from CD64A, three from CD64B, and one from CD64C; by alternate splicing.
References
External links
Clusters of differentiation
Fc receptors |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Persymmetric%20matrix | In mathematics, persymmetric matrix may refer to:
a square matrix which is symmetric with respect to the northeast-to-southwest diagonal (anti-diagonal); or
a square matrix such that the values on each line perpendicular to the main diagonal are the same for a given line.
The first definition is the most common in the recent literature. The designation "Hankel matrix" is often used for matrices satisfying the property in the second definition.
Definition 1
Let A = (aij) be an n × n matrix. The first definition of persymmetric requires that
for all i, j.
For example, 5 × 5 persymmetric matrices are of the form
This can be equivalently expressed as AJ = JAT where J is the exchange matrix.
A third way to express this is seen by post-multiplyingg AJ = JAT with J on both sides, showing that AT rotated 180 degrees is identical to A. A = JATJ.
A symmetric matrix is a matrix whose values are symmetric in the northwest-to-southeast diagonal. If a symmetric matrix is rotated by 90°, it becomes a persymmetric matrix. Symmetric persymmetric matrices are sometimes called bisymmetric matrices.
Definition 2
The second definition is due to Thomas Muir. It says that the square matrix A = (aij) is persymmetric if aij depends only on i + j. Persymmetric matrices in this sense, or Hankel matrices as they are often called, are of the form
A persymmetric determinant is the determinant of a persymmetric matrix.
A matrix for which the values on each line parallel to the main d |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack%20Hui | Jack Hui (; born 1988) is an alumnus from Queen's College in Hong Kong. He is considered a prominent student because of the outstanding performance in International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) and various national and regional mathematics competitions. Though accused of sexually assaulting an airline hostess, he was later found not guilty, and was admitted to the Faculty of Mathematics of Peking University.
Maths awards
Hui's talent in mathematics won him many medals and awards in different competitions. In 2003, he participated in the Asia Inter-cities Teenagers Mathematics Invitation Competition, which was held in Fuzhou, Fujian, China, representing Hong Kong. His team won the junior secondary team and group event. He was successful in science competition too, winning the first class award in the individual event in the Hong Kong Physics Olympiad 2004. In 2005, besides winning a bronze medal in China Mathematics Olympiad (CMO), he was successful in the 46th International Mathematical Olympiad (IMO) in Mérida, Mexico, capturing a silver medal.
In 2006, he claimed the bronze medal again in the China Mathematics Olympiad (CMO). In March, he won another bronze in the Asian Pacific Mathematics Olympiad (APMO) 2006. Finally, he won another silver medal in the 2006 IMO, this time in Ljubljana, Slovenia.
References
Living people
1988 births
Hong Kong mathematicians
Alumni of Queen's College, Hong Kong
International Mathematical Olympiad participants
Academic staff of Peking U |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Brown%20%28publisher%29 | James Brown (May 19, 1800 – March 10, 1855) was an American publisher and co-founder of Little, Brown and Company.
Biography
Brown was born in Acton, Massachusetts. He started his working life as a servant in the family of Prof. Levi Hedge, of Cambridge, Massachusetts, who he instructed him in the classics and mathematics. Around 1832, he worked for booksellers Hilliard, Gray & Co. on Washington Street in Boston, along with William Hilliard, Harrison Gray, and J.H. Wilkins. He was originally hired by Hilliard as a clerk. That firm was dissolved after the death of one of the partners and Brown went to work for Charles C. Little & Co., run by Charles Coffin Little, also a former clerk.
In 1837, the firm became Charles C. Little and James Brown, and Brown remained there until his death. Augustus Flagg joined them in 1838 and became the publishing house's managing partner after the deaths of the two founders.
The firm's name was changed to Little, Brown and Company in 1847.
In 1853, Little, Brown began publishing the works of British poets from Chaucer to Wordsworth. There were 96 volumes published in the series in five years, but Brown did not live to see its completion. He died in Watertown, Massachusetts on March 10, 1855.
His son John Murray Brown took over when Flagg retired in 1884. A life of James Brown, by George Stillman Hillard, was published in Boston in 1855.
References
1800 births
1855 deaths
American book publishers (people)
19th century in Boston
People fr |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Petrifilm | The 3M Petrifilm plate is an all-in-one plating system made by the Food Safety Division of the 3M Company. They are heavily used in many microbiology-related industries and fields to culture various micro-organisms and are meant to be a more efficient method for detection and enumeration compared to conventional plating techniques. A majority of its use is for the testing of foodstuffs.
Petrifilm plates are designed to be as accurate as conventional plating methods. Ingredients usually vary from plate to plate depending on what micro-organism is being cultured, but generally a Petrifilm comprises a cold-water-soluble gelling agent, nutrients, and indicators for activity and enumeration.
A typical Petrifilm plate has a 10 cm(H) × 7.5 cm(W) bottom film which contains a foam barrier accommodating the plating surface, the plating surface itself (a circular area of about 20 cm2), and a top film which encloses the sample within the Petrifilm. A 1 cm × 1 cm yellow grid is printed on the back of the plate to assist enumeration. A plastic “spreader” is also used to spread the inoculum evenly.
Comparisons between Petrifilm plates and standard methods
Petrifilm plates have become widely used because of their cost-effectiveness, simplicity, convenience, and ease of use. For example, conventional plating would require preparing agar for pour plating, or using agar plates and vial inoculum loops for streak plating; but for Petrifilm plates, the agar is completely housed in a sin |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flat%20topology | In mathematics, the flat topology is a Grothendieck topology used in algebraic geometry. It is used to define the theory of flat cohomology; it also plays a fundamental role in the theory of descent (faithfully flat descent). The term flat here comes from flat modules.
There are several slightly different flat topologies, the most common of which are the fppf topology and the fpqc topology. fppf stands for , and in this topology, a morphism of affine schemes is a covering morphism if it is faithfully flat and of finite presentation. fpqc stands for , and in this topology, a morphism of affine schemes is a covering morphism if it is faithfully flat. In both categories, a covering family is defined be a family which is a cover on Zariski open subsets. In the fpqc topology, any faithfully flat and quasi-compact morphism is a cover. These topologies are closely related to descent. The "pure" faithfully flat topology without any further finiteness conditions such as quasi compactness or finite presentation is not used much as is not subcanonical; in other words, representable functors need not be sheaves.
Unfortunately the terminology for flat topologies is not standardized. Some authors use the term "topology" for a pretopology, and there are several slightly different pretopologies sometimes called the fppf or fpqc (pre)topology, which sometimes give the same topology.
Flat cohomology was introduced by Grothendieck in about 1960.
The big and small fppf sites
Let X be |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirk%20Bryan%20%28oceanographer%29 | Kirk Bryan Jr. (born July 21, 1929) is an American oceanographer who is considered to be the founder of numerical ocean modeling. He is the son of Kirk Bryan, Sr. (geologist, 1888–1950). Starting in the 1960s at the Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, then located in Washington, D.C., Bryan worked with a series of colleagues to develop numerical schemes for solving the equations of motion describing flow on a sphere. His work on these schemes led to the so-called "Bryan-Cox code" with which many early simulations were made, and which led to the Modular Ocean Model currently used by many numerical oceanographers and climate scientists.
In addition to his important contributions in developing numerical codes, Bryan was also involved in early efforts to apply them to understanding the global climate system. In 1967, he and Michael Cox published the first model of the 3-dimensional circulation of the ocean, forced by both winds and thermodynamic forcing. In 1969, a paper with Syukuro Manabe was the first to present integrations of a fully coupled atmosphere-ocean model, demonstrating the importance of ocean heat transport to the climate. This work was named one of the top ten breakthroughs in the history of the National Oceanographic and Atmospheric Administration. Bryan's 1971 paper with the noted dynamicist Adrian Gill demonstrated the important role played by bottom topography in setting the structure of the global ocean circulation, and played a major role in suggesting l |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedel%20Sellschop | Jacques Pierre Friederich (Friedel) Sellschop (8 June 1930 – 4 August 2002) was a South African scientist and pioneer in the field of applied nuclear physics.
Early life and education
Sellschop was born in Luderitz, Namibia on 8 June 1930. He was educated at University of Pretoria (BSc) and Stellenbosch University (MSc), and earned a PhD in Nuclear Physics at University of Cambridge. On completing his education in England, he returned to South Africa on the advice of Basil Schonland, his mentor.
Contributions to neutrino research
In February 1965, Sellschop was part of a group which identified the first neutrino found in nature, in one of South Africa's gold mines. The experiment was performed in a specially prepared chamber at a depth of 3 km in the ERPM mine near Boksburg. A plaque in the main building commemorates the discovery. The experiments also implemented a primitive neutrino astronomy and looked at issues of neutrino physics and weak interactions.
Contributions in diamond physics
Sellschop was an expert in the physics of diamonds. His research here was very broad. As a member of the CERN NA43 and NA59 collaborations, he contributed to experiments that used the perfect and very rigid diamond lattice to produce and study the highest energy near monochromatic photons ever produced in a laboratory. He was an important contributor to the field of nuclear geochemistry in diamond, evidencing the trace-element composition of natural diamond and linking this to mantle g |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-group%20%28mathematics%29 | In mathematics, in the field of group theory, a T-group is a group in which the property of normality is transitive, that is, every subnormal subgroup is normal. Here are some facts about T-groups:
Every simple group is a T-group.
Every quasisimple group is a T-group.
Every abelian group is a T-group.
Every Hamiltonian group is a T-group.
Every nilpotent T-group is either abelian or Hamiltonian, because in a nilpotent group, every subgroup is subnormal.
Every normal subgroup of a T-group is a T-group.
Every homomorphic image of a T-group is a T-group.
Every solvable T-group is metabelian.
The solvable T-groups were characterized by Wolfgang Gaschütz as being exactly the solvable groups G with an abelian normal Hall subgroup H of odd order such that the quotient group G/H is a Dedekind group and H is acted upon by conjugation as a group of power automorphisms by G.
A PT-group is a group in which permutability is transitive. A finite T-group is a PT-group.
References
Properties of groups |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bystander%20effect%20%28radiobiology%29 | The radiation-induced bystander effect (bystander effect) is the phenomenon in which unirradiated cells exhibit irradiated effects as a result of signals received from nearby irradiated cells. In November 1992, Hatsumi Nagasawa and John B. Little first reported this radiobiological phenomenon.
Effect
There is evidence that targeted cytoplasmic irradiation results in mutation in the nucleus of the hit cells. Cells that are not directly hit by an alpha particle, but are in the vicinity of one that is hit, also contribute to the genotoxic response of the cell population. Similarly, when cells are irradiated, and the medium is transferred to unirradiated cells, these unirradiated cells show bystander responses when assayed for clonogenic survival and oncogenic transformation. This is also attributed to the bystander effect.
Demonstration
The demonstration of a bystander effect in 3D human tissues and, more recently, in whole organisms have clear implication of the potential relevance of the non-targeted response to human health.
Consequences
This effect may also contribute to the final biological consequences of exposure to low doses of radiation. However, there is currently insufficient evidence to suggest that the bystander effect promotes carcinogenesis in humans at low doses.
Notes
Note that the bystander effect is not the same as the abscopal effect. The abscopal effect is a phenomenon where the response to radiation is seen in an organ/site distant to the irradia |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gain%20%28laser%29 | In laser physics, gain or amplification is a process where the medium transfers part of its energy to the emitted electromagnetic radiation, resulting in an increase in optical power. This is the basic principle of all lasers.
Quantitatively, gain is a measure of the ability of a laser medium to increase optical power. However, overall a laser consumes energy.
Definition
The gain can be defined as the derivative of logarithm of power
as it passes through the medium. The factor by which an input beam is amplified by a medium is called the gain and is represented by G.
where is the coordinate in the direction of propagation.
This equation neglects the effects of the transversal profile of the beam.
In the quasi-monochromatic paraxial approximation, the gain can be taken into account with the following equation
,
where
is variation of index of refraction (Which is supposed to be small),
is complex field, related to the physical electric field
with relation
, where
is vector of polarization,
is wavenumber,
is frequency,
is transversal Laplacian;
means real part.
Gain in quasi two-level system
In the simple quasi two-level system,
the gain can be expressed in terms of populations
and
of lower and excited states:
where
and
are effective emission and absorption cross-sections. In the case of non-pumped medium, the gain is negative.
Round-trip gain means gain multiplied by the length of propagation of the laser emission during a single round-trip.
In the c |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solid%20State%20Communications | Solid State Communications is a peer-reviewed scientific journal of solid-state physics. The journal specializes in short papers on significant developments in the condensed matter science. The journal was established 1963, when the Journal of Physics and Chemistry of Solids split its letters section to create this journal. Elias Burstein served as founding chief editor until 1992, and was succeeded by Manuel Cardona until 2004, when Aron Pinczuk assumed the role. Pinczuk stepped down in 2020.
The journal is published bimonthly by Elsevier and its current editor-in-chief is François Peeters (University of Antwerp).
Abstracting and Indexing
The journal is abstracted and indexing in the following databases:
Cambridge Scientific Abstracts
Chemical Abstracts
Current Contents/Physics, Chemical, & Earth Sciences
Current Contents/SciSearch Database
Current Contents/Social & Behavioral Sciences
MSCI
Engineering Index
INSPEC
PASCAL/CNRS
Research Alert
SSSA/CISA/ECA/ISMEC
Scopus
External links
Bimonthly journals
English-language journals
Hybrid open access journals
Physics journals
Academic journals established in 1963 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GeoModeller | GeoModeller (old names include 3DWEG, Geomodeller3D) is a methodology and associated software tool for 3D geologic modelling developed by Bureau de Recherches Géologiques et Minières and Intrepid Geophysics over the last 20 years. The software is written using Open CASCADE in C++ for the engine (geometry, topology, viewers, data management, ...), Java for the GUI and data are stored in extensible mark-up language XML. GeoModeller has started to revolutionise the working practices, data standards and products of a geological survey as a whole. The software takes into account all structural geology data such as dip, dip directions, strike, hingelines and axialtrace to build the geometry of geological units.
Methodology
GeoModeller utilizes a Digital Terrain Model, surface geological linework, cross-sections, geophysical interpretation and drillhole borehole data to enable the geologist to construct cross sections, or 3D models. 3D Geostatistical interpolation (co-kriging) using all the data (location of interface, dip, direction, ...) produces a 3D implicit function representing a solid model. The model build may take in account if necessary a network of geologic faults. The model could be represented by triangulated objects each corresponding to one of the geological units present. Geologists can draw the model in their sections to obtain a fence diagram. The geologist can use their knowledge to add information in the 3D space until he obtain a 'right' model.
Inversion of t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suzanne%20Cory | Suzanne Cory (born 11 March 1942) is an Australian molecular biologist. She has worked on the genetics of the immune system and cancer and has lobbied her country to invest in science. She is married to fellow scientist Jerry Adams, also a WEHI scientist, whom she met while studying for her PhD at the University of Cambridge, England.
Education and personal life
Suzanne Cory was raised in the Kew suburbs of Melbourne, Australia. She attended Canterbury Girls' Secondary College, followed by University High School, Melbourne. Her further education includes undergraduate studies at the University of Melbourne and earning a PhD from the MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology (LMB) in Cambridge, England. Cory attended the LMB at the same time as the Nobel Prize winners Francis Crick, known for his co-discovery of the structure of DNA, and Frederick Sanger, who revolutionised nucleic acid sequencing. While obtaining her PhD, Cory used Sanger's RNA sequencing techniques to identify the sequence of transfer RNA. Also, during her time at the LMB, Cory met her current husband, Jerry Adams, a scientist from the United States. The two scientists later married and had two daughters.
Research and accomplishments
Following her time at the LMB, Cory travelled to the University of Geneva for her post-doctoral studies. While in Geneva, she focused on sequencing the RNA of R17 bacteriophage for the purpose of using it as a model.
In 1971, Cory and her husband began their research at the Wa |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FML | FML may refer to:
Computing
Face Modeling Language, an XML-based language that describes face animation
"Fuck my life", an expression of one's frustration, often used in SMS language
FMyLife, a blog
Football Manager Live, a video game
Fuzzy markup language, in computer science, language for implementation-independent specification of a fuzzy system
Forge Mod Loader, the Mod Loader used by Forge, for Minecraft.
Materials
Fiber metal laminate, a material composed of metal layers and composite materials
Fluorometholone, a corticosteroid
Organisations
Fan Milk, a Ghanan ice cream manufacturer
Feed My Lambs, an American educational charity
Fiji Muslim League, a religious organization based in Fiji
Flint Metro League, a high school sports league in the Flint, Michigan area
Friedrich Miescher Laboratory of the Max Planck Society, a research institute in Tübingen, Germany
Other
Feldmarschall-Leutnant (Lieutenant field marshal), a rank in the Austrian and later Austro-Hungarian Army
FML, station code for Frimley railway station in England
"FML" (song), song by American rap artist Kanye West
FML (EP), a 2023 release by South Korean boy band Seventeen |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eiffage | Eiffage S.A. () is a French civil engineering construction company. it was the third largest company of its type in France, and the fifth largest in Europe.
History
The company was formed in 1992 through the merger of several long standing companies, namely: Fougerolle (founded 1844), Quillery (founded 1863), Beugnet (founded 1871), and La Société Auxiliaire d'Entreprises Électriques et de Travaux Public, better known as SAE (founded in 1924).
Major projects
Channel Tunnel, completed in 1994
Copenhagen Metro, completed in 2002
Millau Viaduct, completed in 2004
TGV Perpignan-Figueres high-speed railway line, completed in 2009
Stade Pierre-Mauroy, completed in 2012
Cestas Solar Park, completed in 2015
Conversion of Hôtel-Dieu de Lyon, completed in 2018
Eiffage is also involved in HS2 lots C2 and C3, working as part of a joint venture, due to complete in 2031.
References
External links
Eiffage.com — official website
Construction and civil engineering companies of France
Companies based in Île-de-France
Construction and civil engineering companies established in 1992
1992 establishments in France
French companies established in 1992
Companies listed on Euronext Paris |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Souten | Souten () is a 1983 Indian Hindi-language drama film directed by Saawan Kumar Tak, starring Rajesh Khanna, Tina Munim, Padmini Kolhapure, Prem Chopra and Pran. It was written by Kamleshwar, with music by Usha Khanna. The song "Shayad Meri Shaadi" sung by Kishore Kumar and Lata Mangeshkar became especially memorable. Khanna's chemistry with Munim also proved popular. The film was remade in Kannada as Krishna Nee Begane Baro and in Telugu as Tene Manasulu. Souten became superhit upon its release.The Movie collected around 6 crores at the box office.
Plot
Movie starts with Shyam (Rajesh Khanna) standing in a court and reciting his story. Shyam is an ambitious man who meets Rukmini (Tina Munim), the daughter of a millionaire, and falls in love with her, they get married with support of Ruku's father (Pran) but her step-mother Renu and uncle, Sampatlal (step-mother's brother) try to instigate her to not marry Shyam by telling her that he doesn't loves Ruku, rather he loves Pran's money. Despite this, they get married. After marriage, Shyam's passion towards work lets Renu and Sampatlal insert themselves in their relationship. Renu instigates her to do an operation to prevent pregnancy for 5 years by telling her that pregnancy can ruin her figure, Shyam unknowingly doesn't take any precautions which results in Ruku not being able to conceive forever. Consequently, their relationship sours. Radha (Padmini Kolhapuri), the daughter of Shyam's employee, Gopal, brings hope into Shyam |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machine%20Intelligence | Machine Intelligence may refer to:
Artificial intelligence, intelligence exhibited by machines
Machine learning, giving computers the ability to learn without being explicitly programmed |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris%20Hardwick%20%28speedcuber%29 | Christopher Michael Hardwick (born December 6, 1983) is an American competitive speedcuber.
Born in Merritt Island, Florida, he attended the North Carolina School of Science and Mathematics (class of 2002) and University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (class of 2005).
He is known especially for his blindfolded world record solution times of Rubik's Revenge and Rubik's Professor's Cube puzzles, though he started out as a top one-handed cuber. Chris holds the former world record for the blindfolded solve time of the Rubik's Professor's Cube with 15 minutes 22 seconds.
Hardwick has made a number of television appearances demonstrating the Rubik's Cube, including MTV in 2002, Canada AM and Much Music in the fall of 2003, discussing the 2003 Rubik's Cube World Championships. His home videos have also appeared on numerous online video sites including CollegeHumor and Digg. A home video of Hardwick solving a 3x3x3 Rubik's Cube one-handed appeared on VH1 in 2006 for Web Junk 20. Axe deodorant parodied another one of Hardwick's home videos in their 2006 South African "Get a Girlfriend" commercial campaign.
Chris Hardwick, the comedian, referenced this particular Chris Hardwick on Web Soup in 2009 when a comment about the Rubik's Cube was made. The two met during the comedian's show at the Barrymore Theatre in Madison, Wisconsin, on April 11, 2015.
References
External links
Chris Hardwick's listing at the World Cube Association
Chris Hardwick's webpage
American speedcubers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Kaback | Michael M. Kaback is an American geneticist, physician, and Professor of Pediatrics and Reproductive Medicine, and chief of the Division of Medical Genetics, at the University of California–San Diego.
He is best known for his role in the discovery and development of an enzyme assay method of screening for Tay–Sachs disease, a rare and fatal genetic disorder. This test allowed for cost-effective screening of large populations, the first such test in medical genetics. Because no large scale genetic screening had ever been done before, Kaback became involved in public health aspects of screening, including the education of target populations and genetic counseling. Although no cure for Tay–Sachs disease has been found, antenatal genetic screening has virtually eliminated the disease in the Ashkenazi Jewish population in both the United States and Israel.
In 1979, Kaback served on the first National Institutes of Health (NIH) panel to recommend antenatal diagnosis in cases where a couple might be at risk for conceiving a child with a hereditary disease or congenital defect. The panel brought together physicians, scientists, consumers, and others in order to develop a consensus statement for use by health care providers. In the NIH Consensus Development Program, panel members are selected for their expertise to serve as judges of evidence, and must have no prior conflicts of interest. Panel members addressed issues concerning the relative risks and benefits of genetic screeni |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evolutionary%20mismatch | Evolutionary mismatch (also "mismatch theory" or "evolutionary trap") is the evolutionary biology concept that a previously advantageous trait may become maladaptive due to change in the environment, especially when change is rapid. It is said this can take place in humans as well as other animals.
Environmental change leading to evolutionary mismatch can be broken down into two major categories: temporal (change of the existing environment over time, e.g. a climate change) or spatial (placing organisms into a new environment, e.g. a population migrating). Since environmental change occurs naturally and constantly, there will certainly be examples of evolutionary mismatch over time. However, because large-scale natural environmental change – like a natural disaster – is often rare, it is less often observed. Another more prevalent kind of environmental change is anthropogenic (human-caused). In recent times, humans have had a large, rapid, and trackable impact on the environment, thus creating scenarios where it is easier to observe evolutionary mismatch.
Because of the mechanism of evolution by natural selection, the environment ("nature") determines ("selects") which traits will persist in a population. Therefore, there will be a gradual weeding out of disadvantageous traits over several generations as the population becomes more adapted to its environment. Any significant change in a population's traits that cannot be attributed to other factors (such as genetic drift an |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricardo%20Galli | Dr. Ricardo Adolfo Galli Granada, also known as gallir, is a doctor of computer science at the University of the Balearic Islands, where he teaches operating system design. He is a speaker for the Free Software Foundation and a free software activist.
Projects
As a university project, he created a system that allows controlling of the airship parking at the Son Sant Joan Airport in Palma de Mallorca, Balearic Islands, Spain.
In December 2005, he programmed Menéame, a clone of the well-known Digg Web site, which serves to promote stories published on blogs. He then released the source code of Meneame, which the source code of the open source Digg clone Pligg CMS is based on.
He programmed cpudyn, a daemon that can be used to underclock portable computers to reduce their power consumption.
He programmed wp-cache, a WordPress plugin for the purpose of caching pages to make one's blog "faster and more responsive".
In 2001, he was nominated for a Hispalinux prize. He has published over 200 technical articles in BULMA, a local Linux user Web site.
References
External links
Ricardo Galli, de software libre — Galli's old blog
menéame.net — Collaborative news site, launched by Galli
GNU people
Free software programmers
Computer systems researchers
People from Mallorca
Living people
Academic staff of the University of the Balearic Islands
Year of birth missing (living people)
WordPress |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Methylcyclopentadiene | Methylcyclopentadiene is any of three isomeric cyclic dialkenes with the formula C5MeH5 (Me = CH3). These isomers are the organic precursor to the methylcyclopentadienyl ligand (C5H4Me, often denoted as Cp′), commonly found in organometallic chemistry.
As with cyclopentadiene, methylcyclopentadiene is prepared by thermal cracking of its Diels–Alder dimer, followed by distillation for removal of cyclopentadiene, a common impurity.
Methylcyclopentadienyl anion
Deprotonation of methylcyclopentadiene gives the aromatic methylcyclopentadienyl anion. This ion is useful as a ligand for organometallic complexes. Relative to the corresponding cyclopentadienyl (Cp) complexes, complexes of Cp′ exhibit enhanced solubility in organic solvents.
Cp′ can be used to probe the structure of organometallic complexes. For example, Cp′Fe(PPh3)(CO)I has four different signals in the 1H NMR spectrum for the ring hydrogens and five different signals in the 13C NMR spectrum for the ring carbons. There is therefore no symmetry within the ring even accounting for rotation around the ring–metal axis, but instead there is a diastereotopic relationship as a result of being part of a chiral complex. The achiral precursor complex Cp′Fe(CO)2I has only two signals for those hydrogens and three for those carbons, indicating a symmetric structure.
References
See also
Pentamethylcyclopentadiene
Organometallic chemistry
Cyclopentadienes
Hydrocarbons |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hott | HOTT may refer to:
Mathematics:
Homotopy type theory
Games:
Halls of the Things, an early video game
Hordes of the Things (wargame)
Entertainment:
"Hanging on the Telephone", a song by the power pop band The Nerves, also recorded by Blondie
Hour of the Time, a shortwave radio show
Other:
Hot Topic's former NASDAQ ticker symbol |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fox%20derivative | In mathematics, the Fox derivative is an algebraic construction in the theory of free groups which bears many similarities to the conventional derivative of calculus. The Fox derivative and related concepts are often referred to as the Fox calculus, or (Fox's original term) the free differential calculus. The Fox derivative was developed in a series of five papers by mathematician Ralph Fox, published in Annals of Mathematics beginning in 1953.
Definition
If G is a free group with identity element e and generators gi, then the Fox derivative with respect to gi is a function from G into the integral group ring which is denoted , and obeys the following axioms:
, where is the Kronecker delta
for any elements u and v of G.
The first two axioms are identical to similar properties of the partial derivative of calculus, and the third is a modified version of the product rule. As a consequence of the axioms, we have the following formula for inverses
for any element u of G.
Applications
The Fox derivative has applications in group cohomology, knot theory, and covering space theory, among other areas of mathematics.
See also
Alexander polynomial
Free group
Ring (mathematics)
Integral domain
References
Geometric topology
Combinatorial group theory |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G.%20W.%20Pierce | George Washington Pierce (January 11, 1872 – August 25, 1956) was an American physicist. He was a professor of physics at Harvard University and inventor in the development of electronic telecommunications.
The son of a Texas cattle rancher, he distinguished himself in school at Taylor and at the University of Texas before beginning his enduring relationship with Harvard in 1898. He wrote three innovative texts, many learned papers, and was assigned 53 patents. The most notable is the single-stage crystal oscillator circuit, which became the touchstone of the electronics communication art. Süsskind says that he was "an exceedingly warm and droll individual, much revered by his students."
Biography
Youth
G. W. Pierce was born January 11, 1872, in Webberville, Texas. He frequently recalled in later life “drawing water with leaky buckets from deep wells for thirsty mules” as a prod that motivated his intensity in study. At the University of Texas he had Alexander Macfarlane as teacher and mentor: they co-authored a paper for the first volume of the Physical Review. He taught at Dallas High School (1896-7) and worked in the clerk's office of the Bastrop County Court before winning his 1898 scholarship to Harvard. With a thesis on measurement of wavelength of shortwaves, he gained the Ph.D. in 1900. After a European study-tour that included some exposure to Ludwig Boltzmann, he was invited to begin instructing at Harvard. He was instrumental in forming the Wicht Club (1903–1911 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Layer%20cake%20representation | In mathematics, the layer cake representation of a non-negative, real-valued measurable function defined on a measure space is the formula
for all , where denotes the indicator function of a subset and denotes the super-level set
The layer cake representation follows easily from observing that
and then using the formula
The layer cake representation takes its name from the representation of the value as the sum of contributions from the "layers" : "layers"/values below contribute to the integral, while values above do not.
It is a generalization of Cavalieri's principle and is also known under this name.
An important consequence of the layer cake representation is the identity
which follows from it by applying the Fubini-Tonelli theorem.
An important application is that for can be written as follows
which follows immediately from the change of variables in the layer cake representation of .
See also
Symmetric decreasing rearrangement
References
Real analysis |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pr%C3%A9kopa%E2%80%93Leindler%20inequality | In mathematics, the Prékopa–Leindler inequality is an integral inequality closely related to the reverse Young's inequality, the Brunn–Minkowski inequality and a number of other important and classical inequalities in analysis. The result is named after the Hungarian mathematicians András Prékopa and László Leindler.
Statement of the inequality
Let 0 < λ < 1 and let f, g, h : Rn → [0, +∞) be non-negative real-valued measurable functions defined on n-dimensional Euclidean space Rn. Suppose that these functions satisfy
for all x and y in Rn. Then
Essential form of the inequality
Recall that the essential supremum of a measurable function f : Rn → R is defined by
This notation allows the following essential form of the Prékopa–Leindler inequality: let 0 < λ < 1 and let f, g ∈ L1(Rn; [0, +∞)) be non-negative absolutely integrable functions. Let
Then s is measurable and
The essential supremum form was given by Herm Brascamp and Elliott Lieb. Its use can change the left side of the inequality. For example, a function g that takes the value 1 at exactly one point will not usually yield a zero left side in the "non-essential sup" form but it will always yield a zero left side in the "essential sup" form.
Relationship to the Brunn–Minkowski inequality
It can be shown that the usual Prékopa–Leindler inequality implies the Brunn–Minkowski inequality in the following form: if 0 < λ < 1 and A and B are bounded, measurable subsets of Rn such that the Minkowski sum (1 − λ)A + λB is a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Federica%20Sallusto | Federica Sallusto (born 27 November 1961 in Naples, Italy) is an Italian-Swiss biologist and immunologist.
After high school, she studied Biology at Sapienza - University of Rome where she graduated cum laude.
In 1999, Sallusto, alongside David Dombrowicz, was awarded the Pharmacia Allergy Research Foundation Award, which is given annually to researchers under the age of 40 who are working on IgE‐associated disease.
She is currently group leader at the Institute for Research in Biomedicine in Bellinzona, Switzerland and is professor of immunology at the Università della Svizzera italiana since 2017.
Research
https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/?term=Federica+Sallusto
References
External links
Institute for Research in Biomedicine
1961 births
Living people
Italian biologists
Italian women biologists
Italian microbiologists
Swiss biologists
Swiss microbiologists
Women microbiologists
Italian immunologists
Academic staff of the University of Palermo
Film people from Naples |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Calendrical%20calculation | A calendrical calculation is a calculation concerning calendar dates. Calendrical calculations can be considered an area of applied mathematics.
Some examples of calendrical calculations:
Converting a Julian or Gregorian calendar date to its Julian day number and vice versa .
The number of days between two dates, which is simply the difference in their Julian day numbers.
The dates of moveable holidays, like Christian Easter (the calculation is known as Computus) followed up by Ascension Thursday and Pentecost or Advent Sundays, or the Jewish Passover, for a given year.
Converting a date between different calendars. For instance, dates in the Gregorian calendar can be converted to dates in the Islamic calendar with the Kuwaiti algorithm.
Calculating the day of the week.
Calendrical calculation is one of the five major Savant syndrome characteristics.
Examples
Numerical methods were described in the Journal of the Department of Mathematics, Open University, Milton Keynes, Buckinghamshire (M500) in 1997 and 1998. The following algorithm gives the number of days (d) in month m of year y. The value of m is given on the right of the month in the following list:
January 11 February 12 March 1 April 2 May 3 June 4 July 5 August 6 September 7 October 8 November 9 December 10.
The algorithm enables a computer to print calendar and diary pages for past or future sequences of any desired length from the reform of the calendar, which in England was 3/14 September 1752. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deligne%E2%80%93Lusztig%20theory | In mathematics, Deligne–Lusztig theory is a way of constructing linear representations of finite groups of Lie type using ℓ-adic cohomology with compact support, introduced by .
used these representations to find all representations of all finite simple groups of Lie type.
Motivation
Suppose that G is a reductive group defined over a finite field, with Frobenius map F.
Ian G. Macdonald conjectured that there should be a map from general position characters of F-stable maximal tori to irreducible representations of (the fixed points of F). For general linear groups this was already known by the work of . This was the main result proved by Pierre Deligne and George Lusztig; they found a virtual representation for all characters of an F-stable maximal torus, which is irreducible (up to sign) when the character is in general position.
When the maximal torus is split, these representations were well known and are given by parabolic induction of characters of the torus (extend the character to a Borel subgroup, then induce it up to G). The representations of parabolic induction can be constructed using functions on a space, which can be thought of as elements of a suitable zeroth cohomology group. Deligne and Lusztig's construction is a generalization of parabolic induction to non-split tori using higher cohomology groups. (Parabolic induction can also be done with tori of G replaced by Levi subgroups of G, and there is a generalization of Deligne–Lusztig theory to this cas |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/65%2C536 | 65536 is the natural number following 65535 and preceding 65537.
65536 is a power of two: (2 to the 16th power).
65536 is the smallest number with exactly 17 divisors.
In mathematics
65536 is , so in tetration notation 65536 is 42.
When expressed using Knuth's up-arrow notation, 65536 is
,
which is equal to
,
which is equivalent to
or
.
65536 is a superperfect number – a number such that σ(σ(n)) = 2n.
A 16-bit number can distinguish 65536 different possibilities. For example, unsigned binary notation exhausts all possible 16-bit codes in uniquely identifying the numbers 0 to 65535. In this scheme, 65536 is the least natural number that can not be represented with 16 bits. Conversely, it is the "first" or smallest positive integer that requires 17 bits.
65536 is the only power of 2 less than 231000 that does not contain the digits 1, 2, 4, or 8 in its decimal representation.
The sum of the unitary divisors of 65536 is prime (1 + 65536 = 65537, which is prime).
65536 is an untouchable number.
In computing
65536 (216) is the number of different values representable in a number of 16 binary digits (or bits), also known as an unsigned short integer in many computer programming systems.
A 65,536-bit integer can represent up to 265536 (2.00352993...) values.
65,536 is the number of characters in the original Unicode, and currently in a Unicode plane.
This number is a limit in many common hardware and software implementations, some examples of which are:
The Motoro |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum%20subarray%20problem | In computer science, the maximum sum subarray problem, also known as the maximum segment sum problem, is the task of finding a contiguous subarray with the largest sum, within a given one-dimensional array A[1...n] of numbers. It can be solved in time and space.
Formally, the task is to find indices and with , such that the sum
is as large as possible. (Some formulations of the problem also allow the empty subarray to be considered; by convention, the sum of all values of the empty subarray is zero.) Each number in the input array A could be positive, negative, or zero.
For example, for the array of values [−2, 1, −3, 4, −1, 2, 1, −5, 4], the contiguous subarray with the largest sum is [4, −1, 2, 1], with sum 6.
Some properties of this problem are:
If the array contains all non-negative numbers, then the problem is trivial; a maximum subarray is the entire array.
If the array contains all non-positive numbers, then a solution is any subarray of size 1 containing the maximal value of the array (or the empty subarray, if it is permitted).
Several different sub-arrays may have the same maximum sum.
Although this problem can be solved using several different algorithmic techniques, including brute force, divide and conquer, dynamic programming, and reduction to shortest paths, a simple single-pass algorithm known as Kadane's algorithm solves it efficiently.
History
The maximum subarray problem was proposed by Ulf Grenander in 1977 as a simplified model for maximu |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Mazur | Joseph C. Mazur (born in the Bronx in 1942) is Professor Emeritus of Mathematics at Marlboro College, in Marlboro, Vermont.
He holds a B.S. from Pratt Institute, where he first studied architecture. He spent his junior year in Paris, studying mathematics in classes with Claude Chevalley and Roger Godement and returned to Pratt to earn a B.S. in mathematics. From there he went directly to M.I.T to receive his Ph.D. in mathematics (algebraic geometry) in 1972. He has held a visiting scholar position at M.I.T and several visiting professor positions at The Mathematics Institute of the University of Warwick.
In 2006 he was awarded a Guggenheim Fellowship for work on mathematical narrative. In 2008 he was awarded a Bellagio Fellowship from the Rockefeller Foundation, and in 2009 was elected to Fellow of the Vermont Academy of Arts and Sciences. In 2011, 2013, and 2019 he was awarded Bogliasco Fellowships.
Since 1972 he has taught all areas of mathematics, its history and philosophy. He has authored many educational software programs, including Explorations in Calculus, the first interactive, multimedia CD package of simulations for calculus. He is the author of several mathematics books that have been translated into more than a dozen languages. He is also interested in history of science.
Bibliography
Euclid In the Rainforest: Discovering Universal Truth in Logic and Math, Plume, 2005 (Finalist for the PEN/Martha Albrand Award for First Nonfiction).
The Motion Parad |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen%20Child | Stephen Child (1866–1936) was an American architect and landscape architect. He received his undergraduate degree from MIT in 1888 in civil engineering. He served as the deputy street commissioner and superintendent of the sewer department in Newton, Massachusetts between 1891 and 1901. Child studied under Frederick Law Olmsted at Harvard between 1901 and 1903 and designed several parks in California as well as one of the first proposals for the Cambridge campus of MIT. He also designed the Colonia Solana allotment in Tucson. Stephen Child is buried in Painesville, Ohio.
References
MIT School of Architecture and Planning alumni
Harvard Graduate School of Design alumni
American landscape architects
1866 births
1936 deaths |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nephele%20subvaria | Nephele subvaria is a species of moth in the family Sphingidae.
Distribution
It is known from Queensland and Western Australia.
Description
The wingspan is about 60 mm. The forewings are brown and the hindwings may be either brown or red.
Biology
The larvae feed on Carissa spinarum. They are grey with a strong horn on the tail and some white diagonal stripes on the sides.
References
Nephele (moth)
Moths described in 1856 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miron%20Livny | Miron Livny () is a senior researcher and professor specializing in distributed computing at the University of Wisconsin–Madison. Livny has been a professor of computer science at Wisconsin since 1983, where he leads the HTCondor high-throughput computing system project. Miron is also a principal investigator and currently the facility coordinator for the Open Science Grid project, Director of the Center for High Throughput computing, CTO of Wisconsin Institutes for Discovery, and Director of Core Computational Technology of the Morgridge Institute for Research.
In 2006, along with Raghu Ramakrishnan, Professor Livny won the SIGMOD Test of Time award for his seminal work on distributed databases.
Education
Ph.D., Computer Science, August 1983. Weizmann Institute of Science. (Thesis: The Study of Load Balancing Algorithms for Decentralized Processing Systems)
M.S., Computer Science, 1978. Weizmann Institute of Science.
B.S., Physics and Mathematics, 1975. Hebrew University.
Footnotes
External links
Personal web page
HTCondor Project home page
Open Science Grid home page
Center for High Throughput Computing
Wisconsin Institutes for Discovery
Israeli computer scientists
1950 births
Living people |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keith%20O%27Nions | Sir Robert Keith O'Nions FRS HonFREng (born 26 September 1944), is a British scientist and ex-President & Rector of Imperial College London. He is the former Director General of the Research Councils UK as well as Professor of the Physics and Chemistry of Minerals and Head of the Department of Earth Sciences at the University of Oxford.
Early life
O'Nions attended Yardley Grammar School in Birmingham. He studied geology as an undergraduate at the University of Nottingham, and completed a PhD at the University of Alberta before taking up a postdoctoral position at the University of Oslo.
Career
O'Nions taught geochemistry at the University of Oxford from 1971 to 1975, before moving to Columbia University as Professor of Geology. In 1979 when he was appointed Royal Society Research Professor at the University of Cambridge. He remained in Cambridge until 1995, when he returned to Oxford to take up the Professorship of Physics and Chemistry of Minerals.
He was Knighted in 1999, and from 2000 to 2004 he was Chief Scientific Adviser to the Ministry of Defence. After a period as Director-General of the Research Councils UK, he was appointed to lead the newly formed Institute for Security Science and Technology at Imperial College, London in July 2008.
On 1 January 2010, following the resignation of Sir Roy Anderson, he became acting Rector of Imperial College London, and in July 2010 he was appointed to a full term as Rector, to run until September 2014.`
Honours and awards
A |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nitrile%20hydratase | Nitrile hydratases (NHases; ) are mononuclear iron or non-corrinoid cobalt enzymes that catalyse the hydration of diverse nitriles to their corresponding amides
R-C≡N + H2O → R-C(O)NH2
Metal cofactor
In biochemistry, cobalt is in general found in a corrin ring, such as in vitamin B12. Nitrile hydratase is one of the rare enzyme types that use cobalt in a non-corrinoid manner. The mechanism by which the cobalt is transported to NHase without causing toxicity is unclear, although a cobalt permease has been identified, which transports cobalt across the cell membrane.
The identity of the metal in the active site of a nitrile hydratase can be predicted by analysis of the sequence data of the alpha subunit in the region where the metal is bound. The presence of the amino acid sequence VCTLC indicates a Co-centred NHase and the presence of VCSLC indicates Fe-centred NHase.
Metabolic pathway
Nitrile hydratase and amidase are two hydrating and hydrolytic enzymes responsible for the sequential metabolism of nitriles in bacteria that are capable of utilising nitriles as their sole source of nitrogen and carbon, and in concert act as an alternative to nitrilase activity, which performs nitrile hydrolysis without formation of an intermediate primary amide. A sequence in genome of the choanoflagellate Monosiga brevicollis was suggested to encode for a nitrile hydratase. The M. brevicollis gene consisted of both the alpha and beta subunits fused into a single gene. Similar nitrile hydr |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meta-%20%28chemistry%29 | In chemistry, meta is a prefix, used for systematic names in IUPAC nomenclature. It has several meanings.
In organic chemistry, meta indicates the positions of substituents in aromatic cyclic compounds. The substituents have the 1,3-positions, for example in resorcinol.
Meta may also denote the dehydrated form of an acid, salt or organic derivative in a series. For example:
metabisulfite:
metaphosphoric acid:
Meta-antimonic acid, the dehydrated form of antimonic acid (), is .
See also
Arene substitution patterns
References
Chemistry prefixes |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon%E2%80%93nitrogen%20bond | A carbon–nitrogen bond is a covalent bond between carbon and nitrogen and is one of the most abundant bonds in organic chemistry and biochemistry.
Nitrogen has five valence electrons and in simple amines it is trivalent, with the two remaining electrons forming a lone pair. Through that pair, nitrogen can form an additional bond to hydrogen making it tetravalent and with a positive charge in ammonium salts. Many nitrogen compounds can thus be potentially basic but its degree depends on the configuration: the nitrogen atom in amides is not basic due to delocalization of the lone pair into a double bond and in pyrrole the lone pair is part of an aromatic sextet.
Similar to carbon–carbon bonds, these bonds can form stable double bonds, as in imines; and triple bonds, such as nitriles. Bond lengths range from 147.9 pm for simple amines to 147.5 pm for C-N= compounds such as nitromethane to 135.2 pm for partial double bonds in pyridine to 115.8 pm for triple bonds as in nitriles.
A CN bond is strongly polarized towards nitrogen (the electronegativities of C and N are 2.55 and 3.04, respectively) and subsequently molecular dipole moments can be high: cyanamide 4.27 D, diazomethane 1.5 D, methyl azide 2.17, pyridine 2.19. For this reason many compounds containing CN bonds are water-soluble. N-philes are group of radical molecules which are specifically attracted to the C=N bonds.
Carbon-nitrogen bond can be analyzed by X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Depending on the bon |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lieven%20Scheire | Lieven Scheire (born 3 May 1981) is a Belgian comedian, mainly known for being a member of Neveneffecten.
Career
Scheire attended secondary school at the Sint-Lodewijkscollege in Lokeren; he then began a physics degree at Ghent University, but dropped out to become a stand-up comedian. He won the Lunatic Stand-up Comedy Award in 2002. Scheire also did a year long stint as an exchange student in Reykjavík, Iceland where he attended Fjölbrautarskólinn í Breiðholti
Neveneffecten (founded by him and his cousin Jonas Geirnaert) won the jury prize at the Groninger Studenten Cabaret Festival in 2003. Since then they have been touring Flanders and The Netherlands with their comedy theatre show and making various sketch shows for Flemish television.
Television
Het Geslacht De Pauw (2005)
Neveneffecten (2005)
Willy's en Marjetten (2006)
De Laatste Show (2007)
Basta (2011)
Scheire en de Schepping (2012)
De Schuur van Scheire (2015)
De allesweter (2015)
Team Scheire (2018,2020)
Kan Iedereen Nog Volgen? (2019)
De Code Van Coppens (2019,2020)
External links
Neveneffecten
Physics blog
Lieven Scheire on YouTube
Belgian male comedians
Living people
1981 births
Flemish cabaret
People from Wachtebeke |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/State%E2%80%93action%E2%80%93reward%E2%80%93state%E2%80%93action | State–action–reward–state–action (SARSA) is an algorithm for learning a Markov decision process policy, used in the reinforcement learning area of machine learning. It was proposed by Rummery and Niranjan in a technical note with the name "Modified Connectionist Q-Learning" (MCQ-L). The alternative name SARSA, proposed by Rich Sutton, was only mentioned as a footnote.
This name reflects the fact that the main function for updating the Q-value depends on the current state of the agent "S1", the action the agent chooses "A1", the reward "R" the agent gets for choosing this action, the state "S2" that the agent enters after taking that action, and finally the next action "A2" the agent chooses in its new state. The acronym for the quintuple (st, at, rt, st+1, at+1) is SARSA. Some authors use a slightly different convention and write the quintuple (st, at, rt+1, st+1, at+1), depending on which time step the reward is formally assigned. The rest of the article uses the former convention.
Algorithm
A SARSA agent interacts with the environment and updates the policy based on actions taken, hence this is known as an on-policy learning algorithm. The Q value for a state-action is updated by an error, adjusted by the learning rate alpha. Q values represent the possible reward received in the next time step for taking action a in state s, plus the discounted future reward received from the next state-action observation.
Watkin's Q-learning updates an estimate of the optimal state-a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Vidale | John Emilio Vidale (Papanice (KR) Italia born March 15, 1959) is an American-born seismologist who specializes in examining seismograms to explore features within the Earth. He received the American Geophysical Union's James B. Macelwane Medal in 1994.
Biography
Vidale was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA on March 15, 1959, studied physics and geology, and obtained his Ph.D. from Caltech in 1987. He then held research positions at UC Santa Cruz and the USGS, until he joined UCLA in 1995.
In 2006, he moved to Seattle to direct the Pacific Northwest Seismic Network at the University of Washington.
In 2014, he became a project leader for the UW's M9 project, launched with the goal of preparing the region for the anticipated Cascadia subduction zone earthquake. He was a Gutenberg Fellow at Caltech and a Gilbert Fellow of the USGS. Vidale is a Fellow of AGU and received AGU's Macelwane Medal. He is also a member of the National Academy of Sciences.
He studied the relation of Earth tides and earthquakes - finding only the strongest tides noticeably effect the timing of earthquakes, earthquake swarms - finding they are a more general phenomenon than he previously suspected, the inner core - discovering high-frequency seismic waves scattered therein that offer a second line of evidence it is rotating about 0.2 degrees per year, the stronger than expected healing of fault zones after an earthquake, and various details of the seismic structure of the mantle.
Vidale al |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bracket%20%28architecture%29 | A bracket is an architectural element: a structural or decorative member. It can be made of wood, stone, plaster, metal, or other media. It projects from a wall, usually to carry weight and sometimes to "...strengthen an angle". A corbel or console are types of brackets.
In mechanical engineering a bracket is any intermediate component for fixing one part to another, usually larger, part. What makes a bracket a bracket is that it is intermediate between the two and fixes the one to the other. Brackets vary widely in shape, but a prototypical bracket is the L-shaped metal piece that attaches a shelf (the smaller component) to a wall (the larger component): its vertical arm is fixed to one (usually large) element, and its horizontal arm protrudes outwards and holds another (usually small) element. This shelf bracket is effectively the same as the architectural bracket: a vertical arm mounted on the wall, and a horizontal arm projecting outwards for another element to be attached on top of it or below it. To enable the outstretched arm to support a greater weight, a bracket will often have a third arm running diagonally between the horizontal and vertical arms, or the bracket may be a solid triangle. By extension almost any object that performs this function of attaching one part to another (usually larger) component is also called a bracket, even though it may not be obviously L-shaped. Common examples that are often not really L-shaped at all but attach a smaller component to |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apostolos%20Gerasoulis | Apostolos Gerasoulis is a Greek professor of computer science at Rutgers University, and the co-creator of Teoma, an Internet search engine that powers Ask.com, which Apostolos co-founded along with his colleagues at Rutgers in 2000. Apostolos later went on to serve as the vice president of search technology at Ask.com, before leaving the company in 2010. Gerasoulis has appeared in TV commercials for Ask.com.
References
Living people
American computer scientists
Rutgers University faculty
Greek academics
1952 births
Internet search engines
People from Ioannina |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VIPeR | VIPeR is a military robot developed by the Israeli company Elbit Systems and intended for use in warfare. It was unveiled in March, 2007.
Testing
Elbit Systems of America showed the world capabilities of Elbit Systems' unique VIPeR Robot at the Ground Robotics Obstacle Course during the recent Modern Day Marine Conference held in Quantico, VA. This course aimed to test the limits and capabilities of robots on the field of battle. The obstacle course included areas with different surfaces deep sand, small gravel, brush and debris, even speed bumps. Each of the robots had to traverse each of these types of ground as well as mounting stairs and negotiating a tunnel. The VIPeR was one of eight in this test, and was one of the most efficient throughout.
Features
For mobility, the VIPeR uses a pair of combined wheel/track systems (called the "Galileo Wheel" system, a patented technology by Galileo Mobility Instrument of Israel) that change shape to adapt to terrain, and a "tail" which give it the balance to go up stairs, and turn itself over. It can also move around in city environments. Undeterred by stairs, rubble, dark alleys, caves or narrow tunnels, VIPeR is a highly effective partner for dismounted soldiers, keeping them out of harm's way by detecting IEDs and booby traps and warning them of enemies and dangers ahead.
Another feature of this robot is its ability to be packed small, it is a robot that can be carried by one man, in a backpack, including all of its gear |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meteorology%2C%20Climatology%2C%20and%20Geophysical%20Agency | Meteorology, Climatology, and Geophysical Agency (, abbreviated BMKG) is an Indonesian non-departmental government agency for meteorology, climatology, and geophysics.
History
Its history began on 1841 with individual observation conducted by Dr. Onnen, the head of hospital in Bogor, and was established as a formal government institution on 1866 by the Dutch East Indies government by the name of Magnetisch en Meteorologisch Observatorium. The agency name changed several times and its current name was given on 6 September 2008.
Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre
Since 1986 the BMKG, has run a Tropical Cyclone Warning Centre (TCWC), within their headquarters in Jakarta. Over the next 12 seasons, the TCWC named and issued international warnings for the area from the Equator to 10°S between 90°E and 125°E. In 1998, the World Meteorological Organization’s RA V Tropical Cyclone Committee recommended that TCWC Perth, in Australia take over warning responsibility on an interim basis until the BMKG's staff had the training to run the TCWC. TCWC Perth then took over the warning and naming responsibilities until the 2007–08 season when they handed it back to TCWC Jakarta. The first depression to be named by TCWC Jakarta came later that year when Cyclone Durga became a Tropical Cyclone within their area of responsibility. During the next two seasons TCWC Jakarta, monitored several tropical cyclones in the North Western Pacific Ocean and the Australian region. At the start of the 2010–11 s |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inspec | Inspec is a major indexing database of scientific and technical literature, published by the Institution of Engineering and Technology (IET), and formerly by the Institution of Electrical Engineers (IEE), one of the IET's forerunners.
Inspec coverage is extensive in the fields of physics, computing, control, and engineering. Its subject coverage includes astronomy, electronics, communications, computers and computing, computer science, control engineering, electrical engineering, information technology, physics, manufacturing, production and mechanical engineering. Now, due to emerging concept of technology for business, Inspec also includes information technology for business in its portfolio. Inspec indexed few journals publishing high quality research by integrating technology into management, economics and social sciences domains. The sample journals include Annual Review of Financial Economics, Aslib Journal of Information Management, Australian Journal of Management and, International Journal of Management, Economics and Social Sciences.
Inspec was started in 1967 as an outgrowth of the Science Abstracts service. The electronic records were distributed on magnetic tape. In the 1980s, it was available in the U.S. through the Knowledge Index, a low-priced dial-up version of the Dialog service for individual users, which made it popular. For nearly 50 years, the IET has employed scientists to manually review items to be included in Inspec, hand-indexing the literature us |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science%20and%20Technology%20Facilities%20Council | The Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC) is a United Kingdom government agency that carries out research in science and engineering, and funds UK research in areas including particle physics, nuclear physics, space science and astronomy (both ground-based and space-based).
History
STFC was formed in April 2007 when the Particle Physics and Astronomy Research Council (PPARC), the Council for the Central Laboratory of the Research Councils (CCLRC), along with the nuclear physics activities of the Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC) were brought under the one umbrella organisation. The organisation's first Chief Executive was Professor Keith Mason, who held the position until 2011, when he was replaced by Professor John Womersley. Womersley servied as CEO until 2016 when he left to become Director General of the European Spallation Source. Dr Brian Bowsher, former CEO of the National Physical Laboratory and member of STFC's Council was the last CEO of the STFC before it was subsumed into UK Research and Innovation, a division of the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy. In 2018 Professor Mark Thomson was appointed as the first Executive Chair of STFC under UKRI.
Purpose
Receiving its funding through the science budget from the Department for Business, Energy and Industrial Strategy (BEIS), STFC's mission is "To maximise the impact of our knowledge, skills, facilities
and resources for the benefit of the United Kingdom and |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Starbird | Michael P. Starbird (born 1948) is a Professor of Mathematics and a University of Texas Distinguished Teaching Professor in the Department of Mathematics at the University of Texas at Austin. He received his B.A from Pomona College and his Ph.D. in mathematics from the University of Wisconsin–Madison.
Starbird's mathematical specialty is topology. He joined the University of Texas at Austin as a faculty member in 1974, and served as an associate dean in Natural Sciences from 1989 to 1997. He serves on the national education committees of the Mathematical Association of America and the American Mathematical Society.
He directs UT's Inquiry Based Learning Project and works to promote the use of Inquiry Based Learning methods of instruction nationally.
Awards
He has received over fifteen teaching awards including the Mathematical Association of America's 2007 national teaching award; the Minnie Stevens Piper Professor award, which is a Texas statewide award given to professors in any subject in any college in the state of Texas; the UT System Regents’ Outstanding Teaching Award in its inaugural year; membership in the UT System Academy of Distinguished Teachers in its inaugural year; member and chair of UT Austin's Academy of Distinguished Teachers; and has received most of the UT-wide teaching awards. He is an inaugural year Fellow of the American Mathematical Society. He received an honorary Doctor of Science degree from Pomona College in 2014.
Administrative work and Ser |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Therefore%20sign | In logical argument and mathematical proof, the therefore sign, , is generally used before a logical consequence, such as the conclusion of a syllogism. The symbol consists of three dots placed in an upright triangle and is read therefore. While it is not generally used in formal writing, it is used in mathematics and shorthand.
History
According to Cajori, A History of Mathematical Notations, Johann Rahn used both the therefore and because signs to mean "therefore"; in the German edition of Teutsche Algebra (1659) the therefore sign was prevalent with the modern meaning, but in the 1668 English edition Rahn used the because sign more often to mean "therefore". Other authors in the 18th century also used three dots in a triangle shape to signify "therefore", but as with Rahn, there wasn't much in the way of consistency as to how the triangle was oriented; because with its current meaning appears to have originated in the 19th century. In the 20th century, the three-dot notation for 'therefore' became very rare in continental Europe, but it remains popular in Anglophone countries.
Example of use
Used in a syllogism:
All gods are immortal.
Zeus is a god.
∴ Zeus is immortal.
and in mathematics
Other uses
In meteorology, the 'therefore' sign is used to indicate 'moderate rain' on a station model; the similar typographic symbol asterism (⁂, three asterisks) indicates moderate snow.
Freemasonry
In Freemasonry traditions, the symbol is used to indicate a Masonic abbreviation |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward%20J.%20McCluskey | Edward Joseph McCluskey (October 16, 1929 – February 13, 2016) was a professor at Stanford University. He was a pioneer in the field of Electrical Engineering.
Biography
McCluskey was born Oct 16, 1929, in New York City. He graduated from Bowdoin College in 1953 and earned his Ph.D. in Electrical Engineering from Massachusetts Institute of Technology in 1956.
McCluskey worked on electronic switching systems at the Bell Telephone Laboratories from 1955 to 1959. In 1959, he moved to Princeton University, where he was Professor of Electrical Engineering and Director of the University Computer Center. In 1966, he joined Stanford University, where he was Emeritus Professor of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, as well as Director of the Center for Reliable Computing. He founded the Stanford Digital Systems Laboratory (now the Computer Systems Laboratory) in 1969 and the Stanford Computer Engineering Program (now the Computer Science MS Degree Program) in 1970. The Stanford Computer Forum (an Industrial Affiliates Program) was started by McCluskey and two colleagues in 1970 and he was its Director until 1978. Professor McCluskey led the Reliability and Testing Symposium (RATS). McCluskey served as the first President of the IEEE Computer Society. He died on February 13, 2016.
He was known for his disarming wit and occasional eccentric habits, like his hat collection.
Focus of research
McCluskey developed the first algorithm for designing combinational circuits – the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jessica%20Andersen | Jessica S. Andersen (born 1973) is an American writer. Since 2001, she has published over forty books in romance, mystery and science genres. Andersen holds a PhD in Genetics from Tufts University.
Biography
Born in 1973, Andersen was born and raised in eastern Massachusetts, United States.
Andersen received an undergraduate degree in biology from Tufts University, and then completed a PhD in genetics.
Before beginning to write full time, Andersen worked as a patent agent at the U.S. Patent an Trademark Office, a freelance editor, landscaper and a professional horse trainer and riding coach.
Bibliography
Single novels
The Stable Affair (Ltdbooks 2002 )
The Guardian of the Amulets, 2003
Bullseye, September 2005 also in Silent Awakening
Red Alert, January 2006
Under the Microscope, January 2007
Prescription: Makeover, April 2007
Classified Baby, August 2007
Meet Me at Midnight, September 2007
Twin Targets, 2008 also in Lord of the Wolfyn
Snowed in With the Boss, March 2009
Book 3 of Kenner County Crime Unit
Internal Affairs, October 2009
With the MD … at the Altar?, June 2008 also in The Heart of Brody Mcquade
Under the Microscope, January 2007
Protector of One also in Internal Affairs
Doctor's Orders
Dolphin Friendly series
Dolphin Friendly, February 2003
Seal with a Kiss, December 2003
Bear Claw Creek Crime Lab series
Ricochet, April 2006
At Close Range April 2006
Rapid Fire, July 2006
Manhunt in the Wild West, 2008
Mountain Investigation, 2009
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fritz%20Sauter | Fritz Eduard Josef Maria Sauter (; 9 June 1906 – 24 May 1983) was an Austrian-German physicist who worked mostly in quantum electrodynamics and solid-state physics.
Education
From 1924 to 1928, Sauter studied mathematics and physics at the Leopold-Franzens-Universität Innsbruck. He received his doctorate in 1928 under Arthur March, with a thesis on Kirchhoff’s theory of diffraction. After graduation, he did postdoctoral studies with Arnold Sommerfeld and was his assistant at the Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich. In January 1931, Sommerfeld recommended Sauter to Max Born, director of the Institute of Theoretical Physics at the University of Göttingen.
Career
From 1931 to 1934, Sauter was an assistant to Richard Becker at the Technische Hochschule Berlin (today Technische Universität Berlin) in Charlottenburg. From 1933, he was also a lecturer at Berlin. While at Berlin, he did work on atomic physics and Dirac’s theory of electrons.
Adolf Hitler came to power in Germany on 30 January 1933 and Max Born took leave as director of the Institute of Theoretical Physics at the University of Göttingen on 1 July of that year and emigrated to England. In 1934, Sauter, while only a Privatdozent, was brought in to Göttingen as acting director of the Institute of Theoretical Physics and lecturer on theoretical physics; Born was officially retired under the Nuremberg Laws on 31 December 1935. Sauter continued in this role until 1936, when Becker was appointed director, after the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protomer | In structural biology, a protomer is the structural unit of an oligomeric protein. It is the smallest unit composed of at least two different protein chains that form a larger hetero-oligomer by association of two or more copies of this unit.
The term was introduced by Chetverin to make nomenclature in the Na/K-ATPase enzyme unambiguous. This enzyme is composed of two subunits: a large, catalytic α subunit, and a smaller glycoprotein β subunit (plus a proteolipid, called γ-subunit). At the time it was unclear how many of each work together. In addition, when people spoke of a dimer, it was unclear whether they were referring to αβ or to (αβ)2. Chetverin suggested to call αβ a protomer and (αβ)2 a diprotomer.
Protomers usually arrange in cyclic symmetry to form closed point group symmetries.
In chemistry, a so-called protomer is a molecule which displays tautomerism due to position of a proton.
Examples
Hemoglobin is a heterotetramer consisting of four subunits (two α and two β). However, structurally and functionally hemoglobin is described better as (αβ)2, so we call it a dimer of two αβ-protomers, that is, a diprotomer.
Aspartate carbamoyltransferase has a α6β6 subunit composition. The six αβ-protomers are arranged in D3 symmetry.
Viral capsid are often composed of protomers.
Examples in chemistry include tyrosine and 4-aminobenzoic acid. The former may be deprotonated to form the carboxylate and phenoxide anions, and the later may be protonated at the amino or carbo |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon%E2%80%93fluorine%20bond | The carbon–fluorine bond is a polar covalent bond between carbon and fluorine that is a component of all organofluorine compounds. It is one of the strongest single bonds in chemistry (after the B–F single bond, Si–F single bond, and H–F single bond), and relatively short, due to its partial ionic character. The bond also strengthens and shortens as more fluorines are added to the same carbon on a chemical compound. As such, fluoroalkanes like tetrafluoromethane (carbon tetrafluoride) are some of the most unreactive organic compounds.
Electronegativity and bond strength
The high electronegativity of fluorine (4.0 for fluorine vs. 2.5 for carbon) gives the carbon–fluorine bond a significant polarity or dipole moment. The electron density is concentrated around the fluorine, leaving the carbon relatively electron poor. This introduces ionic character to the bond through partial charges (Cδ+—Fδ−). The partial charges on the fluorine and carbon are attractive, contributing to the unusual bond strength of the carbon–fluorine bond. The bond is labeled as "the strongest in organic chemistry," because fluorine forms the strongest single bond to carbon. Carbon–fluorine bonds can have a bond dissociation energy (BDE) of up to 130 kcal/mol. The BDE (strength of the bond) of C–F is higher than other carbon–halogen and carbon–hydrogen bonds. For example, the BDEs of the C–X bond within a CH3–X molecule is 115, 104.9, 83.7, 72.1, and 57.6 kcal/mol for X = fluorine, hydrogen, chlorine, bro |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blas%20Cabrera | Blas Cabrera y Felipe (May 20, 1878 – August 1, 1945) was a Spanish physicist. He worked in the domain of experimental physics with focus in the magnetic properties of matter. He is considered one of the greatest scientists of Spain and one of the founders of the study of physical sciences in his country.
Biography
Cabrera received his baccalaureate in La Laguna (Tenerife, Spain). He then moved to Madrid where he began studying law, following family tradition. He met at that time Santiago Ramón y Cajal, who convinced him to abandon law and study science. He graduated from the Universidad Central de Madrid (present day Complutense University of Madrid) in Physics and Mathematics, earning a doctorate in Physics in 1901 with thesis Sobre la Variación Diurna de la Componente Horizontal del Viento written under the supervision of Santiago Ramón y Cajal.
He was an experimental physicist, and developed his interests mostly in the field of magnetic properties of matter, achieving a prominent position among the physicists of his era. In 1903 he participated in the foundation of the Spanish Society of Physics and Chemistry and the annals of that society. In 1905, he obtained the chair of Electricity and Magnetism in the Universidad Central. He married María Sánchez Real in 1909. In 1910, the Junta de Ampliación de Estudios created the Laboratorio de Investigaciones Físicas, of which Cabrera was appointed as director. The Laboratory had five lines of investigation: magnetochemi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketosamine | A ketosamine is a combination of two organic chemistry functional groups, ketose and amine. An example is the family of fructosamines which are recognized by fructosamine-3-kinase, which may trigger the degradation of advanced glycation end-products (though the true clinical significance of this pathway is unclear). Fructosamine itself, the specific compound 1-amino-1-deoxy-D-fructose (isoglucosamine), was first synthesized by Nobel laureate Hermann Emil Fischer in 1886.
References
Ketoses
Amino sugars |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.