source stringlengths 31 207 | text stringlengths 12 1.5k |
|---|---|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Unitarity%20%28physics%29 | In quantum physics, unitarity is (or a unitary process has) the condition that the time evolution of a quantum state according to the Schrödinger equation is mathematically represented by a unitary operator. This is typically taken as an axiom or basic postulate of quantum mechanics, while generalizations of or departures from unitarity are part of speculations about theories that may go beyond quantum mechanics. A unitarity bound is any inequality that follows from the unitarity of the evolution operator, i.e. from the statement that time evolution preserves inner products in Hilbert space.
Hamiltonian evolution
Time evolution described by a time-independent Hamiltonian is represented by a one-parameter family of unitary operators, for which the Hamiltonian is a generator: .
In the Schrödinger picture, the unitary operators are taken to act upon the system's quantum state, whereas in the Heisenberg picture, the time dependence is incorporated into the observables instead.
Implications of unitarity on measurement results
In quantum mechanics, every state is described as a vector in Hilbert space. When a measurement is performed, it is convenient to describe this space using a vector basis in which every basis vector has a defined result of the measurement – e.g., a vector basis of defined momentum in case momentum is measured. The measurement operator is diagonal in this basis.
The probability to get a particular measured result depends on the probability amplitude, give |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/We%20Are%20the%20Physics | We Are the Physics was an indie band from Glasgow, Scotland. The band drew influences from new wave, pop, indie, and math rock, and had a "B-movie" aesthetic.
History
We Are the Physics hailed from Glasgow, Scotland, and were founded in 2005. Originally known as We Are the Physics Club And Therefore, Everything We Say Is Fact, the quartet claim inspiration from bands such as Devo, The Skids, Polysics, Buddy Holly and Ex Models, and described their sound as "mutant science punk rock" (described by them as "...a way to make fairly derivative sound more interesting"). They have played gigs with Art Brut, Polysics, You Say Party! We Say Die!, Desaparecidos (band) and Thirty Seconds to Mars and have appeared on Marc Riley's Brain Surgery on BBC 6 Music. In a concert review, the BBC said of vocalist Michael M: "he doesn’t actually sing so much as run around like one of those aliens from Mars Attacks".
In April 2008, We Are the Physics' video for their single "You Can Do Athletics, btw" (directed by Colin Kennedy) was released, featuring the band as patients in a 1960s style hospital being 'upgraded' by singer Michael M, dressed as a doctor, in order to destroy a 50-ft woman attacking Glasgow. The single was awarded 'Single of the Week' by Drowned in Sound in April 2008. This single preceded the band's debut album, We Are the Physics Are OK at Music, released through This Is Fake DIY Records in May 2008. A headlining tour commenced to promote it. The album was generally well recei |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Non-binding | Non-binding or nonbinding may refer to
Nonbinding allocation of responsibility (NBAR) in a superfund
Non-binding authority in law
Non-binding arbitration
Non-binding constraint, mathematics
Non-binding opinion in patent law:
International preliminary report on patentability objective
Non-binding opinion (United Kingdom patent law)
Non-binding resolution
Non-binding referendum
See also
Binding (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDMF | In cryptography, CDMF (Commercial Data Masking Facility) is an algorithm developed at IBM in 1992 to reduce the security strength of the 56-bit DES cipher to that of 40-bit encryption, at the time a requirement of U.S. restrictions on export of cryptography. Rather than a separate cipher from DES, CDMF constitutes a key generation algorithm, called key shortening. It is one of the cryptographic algorithms supported by S-HTTP.
Algorithm
Like DES, CDMF accepts a 64-bit input key, but not all bits are used.
The algorithm consists of the following steps:
Clear bits 8, 16, 24, 32, 40, 48, 56, 64 (ignoring these bits as DES does).
XOR the result with its encryption under DES using the key 0xC408B0540BA1E0AE.
Clear bits 1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 24, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 40, 48, 49, 50, 51, 52, 56, 64.
Encrypt the result under DES using the key 0xEF2C041CE6382FE6.
The resulting 64-bit data is to be used as a DES key. Due to step 3, a brute force attack needs to test only 240 possible keys.
References
, IBM's patent on CDMF
ISO/IEC9979-0005 Register Entry (PDF), registered October 29, 1994
, defines S-HTTP
Cryptographic algorithms
Data Encryption Standard
Key management
Block ciphers |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Folding%20%28chemistry%29 | In chemistry, folding is the process by which a molecule assumes its shape or conformation. The process can also be described as intramolecular self-assembly, a type of molecular self-assembly, where the molecule is directed to form a specific shape through noncovalent interactions, such as hydrogen bonding, metal coordination, hydrophobic forces, van der Waals forces, pi-pi interactions, and/or electrostatic effects.
The most active area of interest in the folding of molecules is the process of protein folding, which is the shape that is assumed by a specific sequence of amino acids in a protein. The shape of the folded protein can be used to understand its function and design drugs to influence the processes that it is involved in.
There is also a great deal of interest in the construction of artificial folding molecules or foldamers. They are studied as models of biological molecules and potential application to the development of new functional materials.
See also
Secondary structure
Tertiary structure
Circuit topology
References
A Field Guide to Foldamers. Hill, D. J.; Mio, M. J.; Prince, R. B.; Hughes, T.; Moore, J. S. Chem. Rev. 2001, 101, 3893-4011 .
Supramolecular chemistry
Self-organization
Stereochemistry |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trimethylarsine | Trimethylarsine (abbreviated TMA or TMAs) is the chemical compound with the formula (CH3)3As, commonly abbreviated AsMe3 or TMAs. This organic derivative of arsine has been used as a source of arsenic in microelectronics industry, a building block to other organoarsenic compounds, and serves as a ligand in coordination chemistry. It has distinct "garlic"-like smell. Trimethylarsine had been discovered as early as 1854.
Structure and preparation
AsMe3 is a pyramidal molecule. The As-C distances average 1.519 Å, and the C-As-C angles are 91.83°
Trimethylarsine can be prepared by treatment of arsenic oxide with trimethylaluminium:
As2O3 + 1.5 [AlMe3]2 → 2 AsMe3 + 3/n (MeAl-O)n
Occurrence and reactions
Trimethylarsine is the volatile byproduct of microbial action on inorganic forms of arsenic which are naturally occurring in rocks and soils at the parts-per-million level. Trimethylarsine has been reported only at trace levels (parts per billion) in landfill gas from Germany, Canada, and the U.S.A., and is the major arsenic-containing compound in the gas.
Trimethylarsine is pyrophoric due to the exothermic nature of the following reaction, which initiates combustion:
AsMe3 + 1/2 O2 → OAsMe3 (TMAO)
History
Poisoning events due to a gas produced by certain microbes was assumed to be associated with the arsenic in paint. In 1893 the Italian physician Bartolomeo Gosio published his results on "Gosio gas" that was subsequently shown to contain trimethylarsine. Under wet conditions |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quasi-polynomial | In mathematics, a quasi-polynomial (pseudo-polynomial) is a generalization of polynomials. While the coefficients of a polynomial come from a ring, the coefficients of quasi-polynomials are instead periodic functions with integral period. Quasi-polynomials appear throughout much of combinatorics as the enumerators for various objects.
A quasi-polynomial can be written as , where is a periodic function with integral period. If is not identically zero, then the degree of is . Equivalently, a function is a quasi-polynomial if there exist polynomials such that when . The polynomials are called the constituents of .
Examples
Given a -dimensional polytope with rational vertices , define to be the convex hull of . The function is a quasi-polynomial in of degree . In this case, is a function . This is known as the Ehrhart quasi-polynomial, named after Eugène Ehrhart.
Given two quasi-polynomials and , the convolution of and is
which is a quasi-polynomial with degree
See also
Ehrhart polynomial
References
Stanley, Richard P. (1997). Enumerative Combinatorics, Volume 1. Cambridge University Press. , 0-521-56069-1.
Polynomials
Algebraic combinatorics |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Russ%20Altman | Russ Biagio Altman is an American professor of bioengineering, genetics, medicine, and biomedical data science (and of computer science, by courtesy) and past chairman of the bioengineering department at Stanford University.
Education
Altman holds an A.B. from Harvard College in 1983, a Ph.D. in medical information sciences from Stanford in 1989 and M.D. from Stanford Medical School in 1990.
After his internship at Stanford, he became board certified in 1991 in internal medicine and in clinical informatics in 2014. After a year of post-doctoral research, he joined the faculty as assistant professor in 1992. He became full professor in 2004, and was chair of the department of bioengineering from 2007 to June 2012.
He currently is the Kenneth Fong Professor of Engineering at Stanford, and an advisor to the Chan Zuckerberg Biohub.
As of 2018, Altman was a founding co-editor of the Annual Review of Biomedical Data Science.
Research and career
His primary research interests are in the application of computing and informatics technologies to problems relevant to medicine. He is particularly interested in methods for understanding drug action at molecular, cellular, organism and population levels. His lab studies how human genetic variation impacts drug response, helping start the PharmGKB project in 2000.
Other work focuses on the analysis of biological molecules to understand the actions, interactions and adverse events of drugs, publishing a database called FEATURE in 2003.
He |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mittag-Leffler%20star | In complex analysis, a branch of mathematics, the Mittag-Leffler star of a complex-analytic function is a set in the complex plane obtained by attempting to extend that function along rays emanating from a given point. This concept is named after Gösta Mittag-Leffler.
Definition and elementary properties
Formally, the Mittag-Leffler star of a complex-analytic function ƒ defined on an open disk U in the complex plane centered at a point a is the set of all points z in the complex plane such that ƒ can be continued analytically along the line segment joining a and z (see analytic continuation along a curve).
It follows from the definition that the Mittag-Leffler star is an open star-convex set (with respect to the point a) and that it contains the disk U. Moreover, ƒ admits a single-valued analytic continuation to the Mittag-Leffler star.
Examples
The Mittag-Leffler star of the complex exponential function defined in a neighborhood of a = 0 is the entire complex plane.
The Mittag-Leffler star of the complex logarithm defined in the neighborhood of point a = 1 is the entire complex plane without the origin and the negative real axis. In general, given the complex logarithm defined in the neighborhood of a point a ≠ 0 in the complex plane, this function can be extended all the way to infinity on any ray starting at a, except on the ray which goes from a to the origin, one cannot extend the complex logarithm beyond the origin along that ray.
Any open star-convex set is t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anderson%27s%20theorem | In mathematics, Anderson's theorem is a result in real analysis and geometry which says that the integral of an integrable, symmetric, unimodal, non-negative function f over an n-dimensional convex body K does not decrease if K is translated inwards towards the origin. This is a natural statement, since the graph of f can be thought of as a hill with a single peak over the origin; however, for n ≥ 2, the proof is not entirely obvious, as there may be points x of the body K where the value f(x) is larger than at the corresponding translate of x.
Anderson's theorem, named after Theodore Wilbur Anderson, also has an interesting application to probability theory.
Statement of the theorem
Let K be a convex body in n-dimensional Euclidean space Rn that is symmetric with respect to reflection in the origin, i.e. K = −K. Let f : Rn → R be a non-negative, symmetric, globally integrable function; i.e.
f(x) ≥ 0 for all x ∈ Rn;
f(x) = f(−x) for all x ∈ Rn;
Suppose also that the super-level sets L(f, t) of f, defined by
are convex subsets of Rn for every t ≥ 0. (This property is sometimes referred to as being unimodal.) Then, for any 0 ≤ c ≤ 1 and y ∈ Rn,
Application to probability theory
Given a probability space (Ω, Σ, Pr), suppose that X : Ω → Rn is an Rn-valued random variable with probability density function f : Rn → [0, +∞) and that Y : Ω → Rn is an independent random variable. The probability density functions of many well-known probability distributions are p-concave for |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shephard%27s%20problem | In mathematics, Shephard's problem, is the following geometrical question asked by Geoffrey Colin Shephard in 1964: if K and L are centrally symmetric convex bodies in n-dimensional Euclidean space such that whenever K and L are projected onto a hyperplane, the volume of the projection of K is smaller than the volume of the projection of L, then does it follow that the volume of K is smaller than that of L?
In this case, "centrally symmetric" means that the reflection of K in the origin, −K, is a translate of K, and similarly for L. If k : Rn → Πk is a projection of Rn onto some k-dimensional hyperplane Πk (not necessarily a coordinate hyperplane) and Vk denotes k-dimensional volume, Shephard's problem is to determine the truth or falsity of the implication
Vk(k(K)) is sometimes known as the brightness of K and the function Vk o k as a (k-dimensional) brightness function.
In dimensions n = 1 and 2, the answer to Shephard's problem is "yes". In 1967, however, Petty and Schneider showed that the answer is "no" for every n ≥ 3. The solution of Shephard's problem requires Minkowski's first inequality for convex bodies and the notion of projection bodies of convex bodies.
See also
Busemann–Petty problem
Notes
References
Convex geometry
Convex analysis |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Minkowski%27s%20first%20inequality%20for%20convex%20bodies | In mathematics, Minkowski's first inequality for convex bodies is a geometrical result due to the German mathematician Hermann Minkowski. The inequality is closely related to the Brunn–Minkowski inequality and the isoperimetric inequality.
Statement of the inequality
Let K and L be two n-dimensional convex bodies in n-dimensional Euclidean space Rn. Define a quantity V1(K, L) by
where V denotes the n-dimensional Lebesgue measure and + denotes the Minkowski sum. Then
with equality if and only if K and L are homothetic, i.e. are equal up to translation and dilation.
Remarks
V1 is just one example of a class of quantities known as mixed volumes.
If L is the n-dimensional unit ball B, then n V1(K, B) is the (n − 1)-dimensional surface measure of K, denoted S(K).
Connection to other inequalities
The Brunn–Minkowski inequality
One can show that the Brunn–Minkowski inequality for convex bodies in Rn implies Minkowski's first inequality for convex bodies in Rn, and that equality in the Brunn–Minkowski inequality implies equality in Minkowski's first inequality.
The isoperimetric inequality
By taking L = B, the n-dimensional unit ball, in Minkowski's first inequality for convex bodies, one obtains the isoperimetric inequality for convex bodies in Rn: if K is a convex body in Rn, then
with equality if and only if K is a ball of some radius.
References
Calculus of variations
Geometric inequalities
Normed spaces |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MA%20plot | Within computational biology, an MA plot is an application of a Bland–Altman plot for visual representation of genomic data. The plot visualizes the differences between measurements taken in two samples, by transforming the data onto M (log ratio) and A (mean average) scales, then plotting these values. Though originally applied in the context of two channel DNA microarray gene expression data, MA plots are also used to visualise high-throughput sequencing analysis.
Explanation
Microarray data is often normalized within arrays to control for systematic biases in dye coupling and hybridization efficiencies, as well as other technical biases in the DNA probes and the print tip used to spot the array. By minimizing these systematic variations, true biological differences can be found. To determine whether normalization is needed, one can plot Cy5 (R) intensities against Cy3 (G) intensities and see whether the slope of the line is around 1. An improved method, which is basically a scaled, 45 degree rotation of the R vs. G plot is an MA-plot. The MA-plot is a plot of the distribution of the red/green intensity ratio ('M') plotted by the average intensity ('A'). M and A are defined by the following equations.
M is, therefore, the binary logarithm of the intensity ratio (or difference between log intensities) and A is the average log intensity for a dot in the plot. MA plots are then used to visualize intensity-dependent ratio of raw microarray data (microarrays typically show a b |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaveh%20Pahlavan | Kaveh Pahlavan ( born in Tehran, Pahlavi Iran), is a Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering and Computer Science and the director of the Center for Wireless Information Network Studies (CWINS), Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts. Pahlavan started doing research on Wi-Fi when it was in its infancy, and has worked on wireless indoor geolocation, and Body Area Networking.
He has contributed to numerous technical publications and holds a number of patents in these areas. His current area of research is opportunistic application of RF signals from wireless devices for gesture and motion detection as well as authentication and security.
Education and career
Pahlavan received his BS/MS degree in electrical engineering from the University of Tehran in 1975, and his PhD degree from the Worcester Polytechnic Institute, Worcester, Massachusetts in 1979.
He began his academic career as an assistant professor at the Northeastern University, Boston, in 1979, before joining the faculty at the Worcester Polytechnic Institute (WPI) in 1985. At WPI he founded the world's first academic research program in wireless local area networks (WLAN), commercially known as Wi-Fi (1985). He has been a visiting professor at the University of Oulu, Finland (1995-2007), where he also spent his sabbatical leave in 1999. He has spent his other sabbatical leaves at Olin College and Harvard University in 2004 and 2011 respectively.
He was the chief technical adviser of Sk |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rate | Rate or rates may refer to:
Finance
Rates (tax), a type of taxation system in the United Kingdom used to fund local government
Exchange rate, rate at which one currency will be exchanged for another
Mathematics and science
Rate (mathematics), a specific kind of ratio, in which two measurements are related to each other (often with respect to time)
Rate function, a function used to quantify the probabilities of a rare event
Reaction rate, in chemistry the speed at which reactants are converted into products
Military
Naval rate, a junior enlisted member of a navy
Rating system of the Royal Navy, a former method of indicating a British warship's firepower
People
Ed Rate (1899–1990), American football player
José Carlos Rates (1879–1945), General Secretary of the Portuguese Communist Party
Peter of Rates (died 60 AD), traditionally considered to be the first bishop of Braga
Other uses
Rate (building), the class of a building in late Georgian and early Victorian construction standards
Rates (Póvoa de Varzim), a Portuguese parish and town located in the municipality of Póvoa de Varzim
RATE project, a young earth creationism research project
See also
Rate of change (disambiguation)
Rating (disambiguation)
Ratio (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domingo%20Sarrey | Domingo Sarrey (Santander, Cantabria, Spain 1948) is a visual artist and video artist.
His first video art piece was generated in the Computing Centre of Madrid Complutense University in 1968, while studying physics, although he had already carried out other cinematic creations in 8 mm.
He was the first artist in creating and exhibiting a multi-vision with six projectors, "PANORAMA 78", in the MEAC (Spanish Contemporary Art Museum) in 1978. Other works such as "Villa María", "The Factory", "Words", "Radio Broadcast", "Reading", etc., were produced between 1972 and 1982, and were exhibited as the first manifestations of video-art as an artistic medium in some of the most renowned galleries, art centres, and institutions (Museo de Bellas Artes de Santander 1978, Galería Juana Mordó, 1979, Rompeolas, 1982, Espacio P (de Pedro Gardel) 1982, Casa de Velázquez,1982, Instituto Alemán1 1983, Liceo Francés 1983, Fundación Juan March 1984, Alphaville "Circuitos de Video", 1984, Centro Nicolás Salmerón, 1986, Centro de Arte Reina Sofía etc.).
References
External links
Domingo Sarrey
1948 births
Living people
People from Santander, Spain
Artists from Cantabria
Spanish video artists
Spanish contemporary artists |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principal%20series%20representation | In mathematics, the principal series representations of certain kinds of topological group G occur in the case where G is not a compact group. There, by analogy with spectral theory, one expects that the regular representation of G will decompose according to some kind of continuous spectrum, of representations involving a continuous parameter, as well as a discrete spectrum. The principal series representations are some induced representations constructed in a uniform way, in order to fill out the continuous part of the spectrum.
In more detail, the unitary dual is the space of all representations relevant to decomposing the regular representation. The discrete series consists of 'atoms' of the unitary dual (points carrying a Plancherel measure > 0). In the earliest examples studied, the rest (or most) of the unitary dual could be parametrised by starting with a subgroup H of G, simpler but not compact, and building up induced representations using representations of H which were accessible, in the sense of being easy to write down, and involving a parameter. (Such an induction process may produce representations that are not unitary.)
For the case of a semisimple Lie group G, the subgroup H is constructed starting from the Iwasawa decomposition
G = KAN
with K a maximal compact subgroup. Then H is chosen to contain AN (which is a non-compact solvable Lie group), being taken as
H := MAN
with M the centralizer in K of A. Representations ρ of H are considered that are irr |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxidation%20of%20primary%20alcohols%20to%20carboxylic%20acids | The oxidation of primary alcohols to carboxylic acids is an important oxidation reaction in organic chemistry.
When a primary alcohol is converted to a carboxylic acid, the terminal carbon atom increases its oxidation state by four. Oxidants able to perform this operation in complex organic molecules, featuring other oxidation-sensitive functional groups, must possess substantial selectivity. The most common oxidants are alkaline potassium permanganate (KMnO4) or acidified potassium dichromate. Jones reagent, PCC in DMF, Heyns oxidation, ruthenium tetroxide (RuO4) and TEMPO are also used.
Potassium permanganate
Potassium permanganate (KMnO4) is a very strong oxidant able to react with many functional groups, such as secondary alcohols, 1,2-diols, aldehydes, alkenes, oximes, sulfides and thiols. Under controlled conditions, KMnO4 oxidizes primary alcohols to carboxylic acids very efficiently. This reaction, which was first described in detail by Fournier, is typically carried out by adding KMnO4 to a solution or suspension of the alcohol in an alkaline aqueous solution. The resulting mixture is stirred until the oxidation is complete. For the reaction to proceed efficiently, the alcohol must be at least partially dissolved in the aqueous solution. This can be facilitated by the addition of an organic co-solvent such as dioxane, pyridine, acetone or t-BuOH. KMnO4 will readily react with a carbon-carbon double bond before oxidizing a primary alcohol.
Normally, these oxidatio |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sun%20valve | A sun valve (Swedish: solventil, "solar valve") is a flow control valve that automatically shuts off gas flow during daylight. It earned its inventor Gustaf Dalén the 1912 Nobel Prize in Physics. Subsequently other variants of sun valve were developed for different uses.
Dalén's valve
The valve was the key component of the Dalén light used in lighthouses from the 1900s through the 1960s, by which time electric lighting was dominant.
Prominent engineers, such as Thomas Edison, doubted that the device could work. The German patent office required a demonstration before approving the patent application.
Design
The valve is controlled by four metal rods enclosed in a glass tube. The central rod that is blackened is surrounded by the three polished rods. As sunlight falls onto all of the rods, the absorbed heat of the sun expands the dark rod, switching a valve to cut the gas supply. After sunset, the central rod cools down, contracting to become the same length as the polished rods and opening the gas supply. The gas is lit by the small, always-burning pilot light.
Reliability
Dalen's system of acetylene lighting for marine navigation proved very reliable, as exemplified by the lighthouse at Chumbe Island off Zanzibar. This lighthouse was constructed in 1904 and converted to unstaffed automatic acetylene gas operation in 1926. The acetylene lighting installation, controlled by a sun valve, remained in use until the lighthouse was converted to a solar-powered (photovoltai |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanxin | Hanxin () was an notorious Chinese academic fraudulence case, committed in the name of a digital signal processing (DSP) microchip. Chen Jin, a professor at Shanghai Jiao Tong University claimed to have developed the chip in 2003. The Hanxin 1 was reportedly the first DSP chip to have been wholly developed in China. However, the chip was later revealed to have been developed by Freescale Semiconductors, a former Motorola subsidiary, with the original identifications sandpapered away.
According to analysts, the case underscores the pressure on Chinese researchers to develop technological innovations which would enable China to bridge the gap with the West. The Hanxin scandal was viewed as a major setback to China's ambition in terms of losses of substantial public funds and the time in a race that China entered late.
Exposure
At the beginning of 2006, an anonymous user posted an article on the Chinese internet forum Tianya Club about the forgery of this DSP chip with very detailed references. Later various Chinese media, including Ming Pao, a Hong Kong newspaper, claims that various ministries of the Chinese government have been investigating the Hanxin, and Chen may have duplicated a Freescale DSP from the West.
On May 12, 2006, the China News Service reported that Chen's research was faked and the Hanxin project had been cancelled.
The government decided to rescind all funds allocated to the Hanxin research, permanently banned Chen from doing any government-funded resea |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Section%20%28category%20theory%29 | In category theory, a branch of mathematics, a section is a right inverse of some morphism. Dually, a retraction is a left inverse of some morphism.
In other words, if and are morphisms whose composition is the identity morphism on , then is a section of , and is a retraction of .
Every section is a monomorphism (every morphism with a left inverse is left-cancellative), and every retraction is an epimorphism (every morphism with a right inverse is right-cancellative).
In algebra, sections are also called split monomorphisms and retractions are also called split epimorphisms. In an abelian category, if is a split epimorphism with split monomorphism , then is isomorphic to the direct sum of and the kernel of . The synonym coretraction for section is sometimes seen in the literature, although rarely in recent work.
Properties
A section that is also an epimorphism is an isomorphism. Dually a retraction that is also a monomorphism is an isomorphism.
Terminology
The concept of a retraction in category theory comes from the essentially similar notion of a retraction in topology: where is a subspace of is a retraction in the topological sense, if it's a retraction of the inclusion map in the category theory sense. The concept in topology was defined by Karol Borsuk in 1931.
Borsuk's student, Samuel Eilenberg, was with Saunders Mac Lane the founder of category theory, and (as the earliest publications on category theory concerned various topological spaces) one migh |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closed | Closed may refer to:
Mathematics
Closure (mathematics), a set, along with operations, for which applying those operations on members always results in a member of the set
Closed set, a set which contains all its limit points
Closed interval, an interval which includes its endpoints
Closed line segment, a line segment which includes its endpoints
Closed manifold, a compact manifold which has no boundary
Other uses
Closed (poker), a betting round where no player will have the right to raise
Closed (album), a 2010 album by Bomb Factory
Closed GmbH, a German fashion brand
Closed class, in linguistics, a class of words or other entities which rarely changes
See also
Close (disambiguation)
Closed loop (disambiguation)
Closing (disambiguation)
Closure (disambiguation)
Open (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Library%20of%20Congress%20Classification%3AClass%20Q%20--%20Science | Class Q: Science is a classification used by the Library of Congress Classification system. This article outlines the subclasses of Class Q.
Q - Science (General)
1-390.......Science (General)
1-295......General
300-390....Cybernetics
350-390...Information theory
QA - Mathematics
1-939..............Mathematics
1-43..............General
47-59.............Tables
71-90.............Instruments and machines
75-76.95.........Calculating machines
75.5-76.95......Electronic computers. Computer science
76.73.A-Z......Individual languages A-Z
76.73.A12.....ABAP
76.73.A24.....ALGOL
76.73.A27.....APL
76.73.A35.....Ada
76.73.A67.....AppleScript
76.73.A8.......Assembly languages. Assemblers
76.73.A84.....AutoLISP
76.73.A95.....AWK
76.73.B155...B
76.73.B3......BASIC
76.73.B78....BSV 753
76.73.C15.....C
76.73.C153....C++
76.73.C154....C#
76.73.C25.....COBOL
76.73.C56.....Clipper
76.73.C58.....CoffeeScript
76.73.C75.....CSP
76.73.C87.....Curl
76.73.D138...D
76.73.D14.....D*
76.73.D23.....Dart
76.73.D25.....DRL
76.73.D95.....Dylan
76.73.E27.....EasyLanguage
76.73.E38.....ELAN
76.73.E75.....ERLANG
76.73.F16.....F
76.73.F23.....FOCUS
76.73.F25.....FORTRAN
76.73.F74.....FRED
76.73.G25....GW-BASIC
76.73.G63....Go
76.73.H37.....Haskell
76.73.H6.......HP-GL/2
76.73.H96.....HyperTalk
76.73.I22.......INFORMIX-4GL
76.73.J2........J#
76.73.J38.....Java
76.73.J39.....JavaScript
76.73.J63.....Job Control Language
76.73.J7.......JR
76.73.K63.....Kodu
76.73.K67.....KornShell
76.73.L23......LISP
76.73. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brian%20Hunter%20%28trader%29 | Brian Hunter (born c. 1974) is a Canadian former natural gas trader for the now closed Amaranth Advisors hedge fund. Amaranth had over $9 billion in assets but collapsed in 2006 after Hunter's gamble on natural gas futures market went bad.
Early life
Hunter grew up near Calgary, Alberta, and earned a master's degree in mathematics from the University of Alberta.
Deutsche Bank
Hunter gained experience at Calgary based TransCanada Corp. before moving to New York to join Deutsche Bank in May 2001. There, he made $69 million for the bank in his first two years. By 2003, Hunter was promoted to head of the bank's natural gas desk. In December 2003 Hunter's trading group lost $400 million in a single week in an excessively risky trade. In a New York state court lawsuit, Hunter ascribed the loss to "an unprecedented and unforeseeable run-up in gas prices," meaning Hunter's failure to foresee the risk of his own trade rendered him blameless for its consequences. Hunter also blamed Deutsche's trading software for allowing him to take large gambles. Finally Hunter said he had earned $40 million for the bank during 2003, and therefore not only was he not responsible for the loss, he actually deserved a bonus. Deutsche Bank denied the allegations and he subsequently was let go from the firm.
Amaranth
In April 2005, Hunter was, reportedly, offered a $1 million bonus to join SAC Capital Partners. Nicholas Maounis, founder of Amaranth Advisors, refused to let Hunter go. Maounis named Hunt |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gelfand%E2%80%93Graev%20representation | In representation theory, a branch of mathematics, the Gelfand–Graev representation is a representation of a reductive group over a finite field introduced by , induced from a non-degenerate character of a Sylow subgroup.
The Gelfand–Graev representation is reducible and decomposes as the sum of irreducible representations, each of multiplicity at most 1. The irreducible representations occurring in the Gelfand–Graev representation are called regular representations. These are the analogues for finite groups of representations with a Whittaker model.
References
English translation in volume 2 of Gelfand's collected works.
Representation theory |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everybody%20Needs%20a%20303 | "Everybody Needs a 303" is the debut single by British big beat artist Fatboy Slim, released in 1996 from his debut album Better Living Through Chemistry. The original version of the single peaked at number 191 on the UK Singles Chart. The song was remixed as "Everybody Loves a Carnival" and released as a single; this version became more commercially successful than its original version, peaking at number 34 on the UK Singles Chart.
Song information
The title refers to the TB-303 synthesizer. The song samples Edwin Starr's "Everybody Needs Love". It was featured on the Lost in Space soundtrack.
Track listing
CD1
"Everybody Needs a 303" (Original Radio Edit)
"Everybody Needs a 303"
"Everybody Loves a Carnival"
"Neal Cassady Starts Here"
CD2
"Everybody Loves a Carnival" (Radio Edit)
"Everybody Loves a Filter"
"Es Paradis"
"Where You're At"
12"
"Everybody Needs a 303"
"Lincoln Memorial"
"We Want to See Those Fingers"
Charts
References
1996 songs
1996 debut singles
1997 singles
Fatboy Slim songs
Songs written by Norman Cook
Skint Records singles |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jean-Paul%20Penin | Jean-Paul Penin is a French conductor.
Biography
Jean-Paul Penin is a graduate of the Strasbourg Conservatory of Music (double bass, chamber music, 1978) and the University of Strasbourg where he obtained a PhD. in biophysics in 1974 and a Master's degree in musicology in 1978. He went on to the Paris Conservatoire National Supérieur de Musique where he studied musicology with Yves Gérard in 1978. He was a Fulbright scholar in 1979 at the San Francisco Conservatory of Music where he studied analysis with John Coolidge Adams and obtained a M.A. in conducting.
In 1979, Penin won an award at the international Tokyo Min-On Competition. From 1980 to 1981 he was Alain Lombard's assistant at the Strasbourg Philharmonic Orchestra and from 1982 to 1984 Lorin Maazel's assistant at the Vienna Staatsoper. He was the principal guest conductor of the Kraków Philharmonic Orchestra at the Kraków Philharmonic from 1989 to 1993.
In May 1986, Penin stepped in with just one night's notice, for a live Dutch radio symphony concert (NOS). Again, in 1990, when he was just back from a Russian tour, he performed at the Concertgebouw in Amsterdam, for the Dutch première of Olivier Messiaen's piano concerto La Ville d'en haut, in the presence of the composer, (Yvonne Loriod, soloist, TV broadcast, Radio Philharmonic). This had been premièred by Pierre Boulez in New York one year before. (De Volkskrant, November 12, 1990).
Penin was given the exclusive rights by Bärenreiter for the French première |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prime%20zeta%20function | In mathematics, the prime zeta function is an analogue of the Riemann zeta function, studied by . It is defined as the following infinite series, which converges for :
Properties
The Euler product for the Riemann zeta function ζ(s) implies that
which by Möbius inversion gives
When s goes to 1, we have .
This is used in the definition of Dirichlet density.
This gives the continuation of P(s) to , with an infinite number of logarithmic singularities at points s where ns is a pole (only ns = 1 when n is a squarefree number greater than or equal to 1), or zero of the Riemann zeta function ζ(.). The line is a natural boundary as the singularities cluster near all points of this line.
If one defines a sequence
then
(Exponentiation shows that this is equivalent to Lemma 2.7 by Li.)
The prime zeta function is related to Artin's constant by
where Ln is the nth Lucas number.
Specific values are:
Analysis
Integral
The integral over the prime zeta function is usually anchored at infinity,
because the pole at prohibits defining a nice lower bound
at some finite integer without entering a discussion on branch cuts in the complex plane:
The noteworthy values are again those where the sums converge slowly:
Derivative
The first derivative is
The interesting values are again those where the sums converge slowly:
Generalizations
Almost-prime zeta functions
As the Riemann zeta function is a sum of inverse powers over the integers
and the prime zeta function a sum |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mokon | Mokon is a division of Protective Industries, Inc. from Buffalo, New York, United States.
It is also the brand name of the circulating liquid temperature control systems delivering fluid temperatures from that are designed and manufactured by this division.
Created from the need for "mold control", the company's corporate engineers responsible for the manufacture of a line of proprietary plastic closures used worldwide (Caplugs), originally developed a temperature control system to meet their own exacting need for a compact, safe, and efficient means of maintaining close control over their fast-cycle injection molding machines. In 1955, the corporation opened a new division of the company, MOKON, to further design, manufacture, and market their line of high quality water temperature control systems.
A few years later, Mokon's engineering team developed a unique hot oil heat transfer system for higher temperature applications. As the two product lines expanded, so did the need for other products, and they next designed a line of portable chillers and full range systems (combination heating and cooling) in the mid-1980s. 2003, MOKON added central chillers and pump tanks and then blown film coolers in early 2008. Looking to complete its industrial products offering, the thermal engineering team pressed on with the development of: power and process control panels (2009); stationary heat transfer oil systems and outdoor air-cooled chillers (2011); low temperature and modulati |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robotics%20conventions | There are many conventions used in the robotics research field. This article summarises these conventions.
Line representations
Lines are very important in robotics because:
They model joint axes: a revolute joint makes any connected rigid body rotate about the line of its axis; a prismatic joint makes the connected rigid body translate along its axis line.
They model edges of the polyhedral objects used in many task planners or sensor processing modules.
They are needed for shortest distance calculation between robots and obstacles
Non-minimal vector coordinates
A line is completely defined by the ordered set of two vectors:
a point vector , indicating the position of an arbitrary point on
one free direction vector , giving the line a direction as well as a sense.
Each point on the line is given a parameter value that satisfies:
. The parameter t is unique once and are chosen. The representation is not minimal, because it uses six parameters for only four degrees of freedom. The following two constraints apply:
The direction vector can be chosen to be a unit vector
the point vector can be chosen to be the point on the line that is nearest the origin. So is orthogonal to
Plücker coordinates
Arthur Cayley and Julius Plücker introduced an alternative representation using two free vectors. This representation was finally named after Plücker.
The Plücker representation is denoted by . Both and are free vectors: represents the direction of the line and |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst%20von%20Siemens | Ernst Albrecht von Siemens (9 April 1903 in Kingston upon Hull, England – 31 December 1990 in Starnberg) was a German industrialist.
Life
Siemens was born in England when his father Carl Friedrich von Siemens was director of Siemens Brothers and returned to Germany after his father became head of Siemens-Schuckertwerke.
He studied physics at Technical University of Munich. He joined Siemens in 1929, beginning his career at the Werner Plant for Telecommunications in Berlin. After being a deputy member of the Managing Board of Siemens & Halske for five years starting in 1944, he became a full member in 1948 and was appointed chairman in 1949. In 1945 he became a deputy member of the Managing Board of Siemens-Schuckertwerke, and a full member in 1948. From 1956 to 1966, he served as chairman of the Supervisory Board of both companies, and from 1966 to 1971 as chairman of the Supervisory Board of Siemens AG. After stepping down as chairman, he remained an honorary member of the Supervisory Board until 1978. Von Siemens successfully faced the task of rebuilding the company after World War II. It was under his leadership that Siemens & Halske AG, Siemens-Schuckertwerke AG and Siemens-Reiniger-Werke AG were merged in 1966, forming the company we know today as Siemens AG.
Von Siemens was unmarried and had no children.
Sponsor of culture and science
He established:
the Carl Friedrich von Siemens Foundation (Carl Friedrich von Siemens Stiftung), for the advancement of the sci |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Positive-definite%20function%20on%20a%20group | In mathematics, and specifically in operator theory, a positive-definite function on a group relates the notions of positivity, in the context of Hilbert spaces, and algebraic groups. It can be viewed as a particular type of positive-definite kernel where the underlying set has the additional group structure.
Definition
Let G be a group, H be a complex Hilbert space, and L(H) be the bounded operators on H.
A positive-definite function on G is a function that satisfies
for every function h: G → H with finite support (h takes non-zero values for only finitely many s).
In other words, a function F: G → L(H) is said to be a positive-definite function if the kernel K: G × G → L(H) defined by K(s, t) = F(s−1t) is a positive-definite kernel.
Unitary representations
A unitary representation is a unital homomorphism Φ: G → L(H) where Φ(s) is a unitary operator for all s. For such Φ, Φ(s−1) = Φ(s)*.
Positive-definite functions on G are intimately related to unitary representations of G. Every unitary representation of G gives rise to a family of positive-definite functions. Conversely, given a positive-definite function, one can define a unitary representation of G in a natural way.
Let Φ: G → L(H) be a unitary representation of G. If P ∈ L(H) is the projection onto a closed subspace H` of H. Then F(s) = P Φ(s) is a positive-definite function on G with values in L(H`). This can be shown readily:
for every h: G → H` with finite support. If G has a topology and Φ is weakly |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Group%202%20organometallic%20chemistry | Group 2 organometallic chemistry refers to the chemistry of compounds containing carbon bonded to any group 2 element. By far the most common group 2 organometallic compounds are the magnesium-containing Grignard reagents which are widely used in organic chemistry. Other organmetallic group 2 compounds are rare and are typically limited to academic interests.
Characteristics
As the group 2 elements (also referred to as the alkaline earth metals) contain two valence electrons, their chemistries have similarities group 12 organometallic compounds. Both readily assume a +2 oxidation states with higher and lower states being rare, and are less electronegative than carbon. However, as the group two elements (with the exception of beryllium) have considerably low electronegativity the resulting C-M bonds are more highly polarized and ionic-like, if not entirely ionic for the heavier barium compounds. The lighter organoberyllium and organomagnesium compounds are often considered covalent, but with some ionic bond characteristics owing to the attached carbon bearing a negative dipole moment. This higher ionic character and bond polarization tends to produce high coordination numbers and many compounds (particularly dialklys) are polymeric in solid or liquid states with highly complex structures in solution, though in the gaseous state they are often monomeric.
Metallocene compounds with group 2 elements are rare, but some do exist. Bis(cyclopentadienyl)beryllium or beryllocene (Cp2 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preimage%20theorem | In mathematics, particularly in the field of differential topology, the preimage theorem is a variation of the implicit function theorem concerning the preimage of particular points in a manifold under the action of a smooth map.
Statement of Theorem
Definition. Let be a smooth map between manifolds. We say that a point is a regular value of if for all the map is surjective. Here, and are the tangent spaces of and at the points and
Theorem. Let be a smooth map, and let be a regular value of Then is a submanifold of If then the codimension of is equal to the dimension of Also, the tangent space of at is equal to
There is also a complex version of this theorem:
Theorem. Let and be two complex manifolds of complex dimensions Let be a holomorphic map and let be such that for all Then is a complex submanifold of of complex dimension
See also
References
Theorems in differential topology |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefano%20Cristiani | Stefano Cristiani, (born 4 November 1958) is an Italian astronomer and astrophysicist.
Career
Cristiani graduated in Physics at the University of Rome La Sapienza, carrying out his thesis work at the Asiago Astrophysical Observatory. He held a post-doctoral and staff positions at the European Southern Observatory, La Silla Observatory, University of Padua, and Trieste Astronomical Observatory.
He has been director of the Trieste Astronomical Observatory from 2005 to 2010 and a member of the Board of
INAF from 2011 to 2013.
The main areas of his research are: extragalactic astronomy, cosmology, formation and evolution of galaxies, quasars, advanced data analysis methods.
Honours
Awards
1976, 1977, 1978, 1979: Enrico Persico award of the Accademia dei Lincei
External links
Stefano Cristiani's home page
Stefano Cristiani at Academia.edu
Stefano Cristiani at International Astronomical Union
1958 births
21st-century Italian astronomers
Living people |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rajendra%20Singh%20%28RSS%29 | Rajendra Singh Tomar (29 January 1922 – 14 July 2003 ), popularly called Rajju Bhaiya, was the fourth Sarsanghchalak of the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS). He was chief of that organisation between 1994 and 2000.
Rajju Bhaiya worked as a professor and head of the Department of Physics at University of Allahabad but left the job to devote his life to the RSS in the mid-1960s.
Early life
Rajendra Singh was born to Jwala Devi and Balbir Pratap Singh in a Tomar Rajput family. He was born on 29 January in either 1921 or 1922 in village banail district buladshahar city of state Uttar Pradesh, when his father was posted there as an engineer. Originally his father Balbir Pratap Singh belonged to village Banail Pahasu of Bulandshahr district.
Singh matriculated from Unnao. After that he was enrolled at the Modern School, New Delhi for a brief period before moving to St Joseph's College, Nainital. Progressing to University of Allahabad, he obtained BSc, MSc and PhD degrees.
Academic career
Singh was acknowledged as an exceptionally brilliant student by Sir C. V. Raman, the physicist and Nobel Prize-winner, when he was his examiner in MSc He also offered Singh a fellowship for advanced research in nuclear physics.
He joined Allahabad University after majoring in Physics to teach Spectroscopy. He taught at the university for several years, where later he was appointed head of the Physics Department.
Singh was also considered an expert in nuclear physics which was very rare tho |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%A5kon%20Flood | Håkon Flood (25 September 1905 – 9 October 2001) was a professor of inorganic chemistry at the Norwegian Institute of Technology in Trondheim, Norway, from 1953 to 1975. He also worked as the director of the Institute of Silicate Research (Institutt for Silikatforskning) at NTH. Professor Flood was one of the pioneers of molten salt chemistry and, together with Hermann Lux, is known for the Lux-Flood theory of acid-base reactions.
References
1905 births
2001 deaths
Norwegian chemists |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hermann%20Lux | Hermann Lux (3 September 1904, in Karlsruhe – 8 July 1999), was a prominent inorganic chemist from Munich, Germany.
Lux studied chemistry in the University of Karlsruhe where he graduated with honors in 1928 and then completed his education in the University of Bonn in 1929. He returned to Karlsruhe and worked there until his move to Ludwig Maximilian University of Munich in 1937, where he worked as an assistant until 1940, then as a lecturer until 1946 and then became the head of the analytical chemistry department.
He became an associate professor in 1944 and a full professor in 1955. He moved to the Technical University of Munich in 1968 where he was a full professor of inorganic and analytical chemistry until his retirement in 1973. He died on 8 July 1999, almost 95 years old.
Achievements
Discovered a method of quantitative determination of 1 ppm quantities of mercury (1931, together with Alfred Stock)
Extensively studied chemical reactions in molten salts, leading up to the Lux–Flood acid–base theory (1937)
Invented the "hanging melt" method which made it possible to study extremely aggressive molten salt systems, such as alkali oxides.
Investigated salts of metals in unusual oxidation states, such as bivalent chromium or pentavalent manganese.
Published a number of books including "Anorganisch-chemische Experimentierkunst" (Inorganic-chemical experimental art) and "Praktikum der quantitativen anorganischen Analyse" (Practical course of the quantitative inorgani |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vladimir%20Nebylitsyn | Vladimir Dmitrievich Nebylitsyn, Russian: Владимир Дмитриевич Небылицын (1930, Chelyabinsk region — 1 October 1972, near Adler) was a Soviet psychologist, one of Boris Teplov's disciples, professor (1968), associate member of the Russian Academy of Pedagogy.
Based on Teplov's researches, he studied problems of experimental neuroscience. He managed to substantiate Teplov's hypothesis of inverse dependency between the strength of the nervous system and sensibility. He described some previously unknown characteristics of the nervous system, such as dynamicism, developed several electro-physiological methods of research of dynamics of brain processes. Nebylitsyn advanced a hypothesis on general characteristics of the nervous system underlying such personal characteristics as activity and self-regulation. In Soviet psychology he was a pioneer of the factor analysis.
He died in the crash of Aeroflot Flight 1036 with his wife.
His brother Boris Nebylitsyn taught at Chelyabinsk State University.
Works
Основные свойства нервной системы человека. 1966 (Main Characteristics of the Nervous System);
Психофизиологические исследования индивидуальных различий. 1976 (Psychophysiological Research of Individual Differences).
Teplov, B.M. & Nebylitsyn, V.D. (1963) Experimental study of properties of the nervous system in man. Journal of Highest Nervous Activity, 13: 789–797.
Gray, J. A. (1964) Pavlov's typology. Oxford: Pergamon Press.
Nebylitsyn, V. D. (1972) Fundamental properties of |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faculty%20of%20Science%2C%20Mahidol%20University | The Faculty of Science was founded as a Pre-medical School in 1958 by Stang Mongkolsuk, and took the name of Faculty of Science, Mahidol University in 1969. The Faculty is located in Thanon Rama VI, Bangkok, Thailand. Currently, the Faculty consists of 12 departments: Anatomy, Biochemistry, Biology, Biotechnology, Chemistry, Mathematics, Microbiology, Pathobiology, Pharmacology, Physics, Physiology, and Plant Science. There are approximately 310 academic staff, with 170 being at doctoral level, 100 at Master’s level, and 40 at Bachelor’s level.
About
The Faculty is responsible for teaching science to all first-year undergraduate students of the university, presently numbering 3,500 students per year using its facilities at the Salaya Campus. It also assists in teaching second year students in the allied health sciences and medicine.
The Faculty of Science offers B.Sc. programs in 6 disciplines, namely Chemistry, Biology, Biotechnology, Mathematics, Plant Science, and Physics, to a total of about 300 students per year. The Faculty also has 22 programs at Master’s level and 19 programs at PhD level, in various scientific disciplines. There are about 600 students at the Master’s level and 250 at the PhD level.
The Faculty of Science places a strong emphasis on research, not only as part of the thesis work for graduate programs, but also as an ongoing commitment to international scientific advancement and national development.
Research areas
Major research projects under |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pendant%20group | In IUPAC nomenclature of chemistry, a pendant group (sometimes spelled pendent) or side group is a group of atoms attached to a backbone chain of a long molecule, usually a polymer. Pendant groups are different from pendant chains, as they are neither oligomeric nor polymeric.
For example, the phenyl groups are the pendant groups on a polystyrene chain.
Large, bulky pendant groups such as adamantyl usually raise the glass transition temperature () of a polymer by preventing the chains from sliding past each other easily. Short alkyl pendant groups may lower the by a lubricant effect.
References
Organic chemistry |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin%20Beale | Evelyn Martin Lansdowne Beale FRS (8 September 1928 – 23 December 1985) was an applied mathematician and statistician who was one of the pioneers of mathematical programming.
Career
He was educated at Winchester College and at Trinity College, Cambridge, graduating with First Class Honours in mathematics in 1949 and gaining a diploma in mathematical statistics in 1950. He then joined the Mathematics Group at the UK Admiralty Research Laboratory, working under Stephen Vajda for 11 years, except for a leave of absence in 1957/58 to assist the Statistical Techniques Research Group at Princeton University. In 1955 he extended George Dantzig's Simplex Algorithm to minimise a quadratic function.
In 1961 he became a founder member of a computer services company C.E.I.R (UK), which BP bought and renamed Scicon, and in 1967 he became visiting professor at Imperial College, London.
Beale was chairman of the Mathematical Programming Society from 1974 to 1976, vice-president of the Royal Statistical Society from 1978 to 1980, a Fellow of the British Computer Society, and a member of the International Statistical Institute. In 1979, he was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society "for his applications of mathematical and statistical techniques to industrial problems and for his contributions to the theory of mathematical programming", and he was elected to the Council of the Royal Society in 1984. He was awarded the Silver Medal of the Operational Research Society in 1980, and became vice |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20quantum-mechanical%20potentials | This is a list of potential energy functions that are frequently used in quantum mechanics and have any meaning.
One-dimensional potentials
Rectangular potential barrier
Delta potential (aka "contact potential")
Double delta potential
Step potential
Periodic potential
Barrier potential
Gaussian potential
Eckart potential
Wells
Quantum well
Potential well
Finite potential well
Infinite potential well
Double-well potential
Semicircular potential well
Circular potential well
Spherical potential well
Triangular potential well
Interatomic potentials
Interatomic potential
Bond order potential
EAM potential
Coulomb potential
Buckingham potential
Lennard-Jones potential
Morse potential
Morse/Long-range potential
Rosen–Morse potential
Trigonometric Rosen–Morse potential
Stockmayer potential
Pöschl–Teller potential
Axilrod–Teller potential
Mie potential
Oscillators
Harmonic potential (harmonic oscillator)
Morse potential (morse oscillator)
Morse/Long-range potential (Morse/Long-range oscillator)
Kratzer potential (Kratzer oscillator)
Quantum Field theory
Yukawa potential
Coleman–Weinberg potential
Uehling potential
Woods–Saxon potential
Miscellaneous
Quantum potential
Pseudopotential
Superpotential
Kolos–Wolniewicz potential
See also
List of quantum-mechanical systems with analytical solutions
List of integrable models
Science-related lists
Quantum mechanical potentials |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Titus%20Salt%20School | Titus Salt School formerly called Salt Grammar School located in Baildon, West Yorkshire, England is a former grammar school, now a mixed comprehensive school, for students aged 11–18. It is a specialist school in Mathematics and Computing. The Headteacher is Ian Morrel, who took up the role in September 2012.
Academic standards
The Ofsted report of their inspection of 31 January – 4 February 2005 said "Salt Grammar School is an effective school and specialist mathematics and computing college in which standards are rising. There is a way to go, but the school has an outstandingly clear sense of purpose and all the right measures are in place for all students to keep on doing well. Leadership and governance are very good. Parents and students are supportive of a school that provides a good quality of education, has a cost-effective sixth form and provides good value for money."
Years 7–13
Students are taught many subjects including:
Year 7 – Maths, Science, English, a Language (one of either French, Spanish or German), Music, PE, Opening Minds, IT, Food Technology/Textile Technology, Product Design, Geography, History, RE and Art.
Year 8 & 9 – Maths, Science, English, two Languages (two out of French, Spanish and German), Music, PE, Performing Arts, IT, Food Technology/Textile Technology, Product Design, Geography, History, RE (Year 8 only), Ethics (Year 9 only) and Art.
Year 10 and Year 11 students are taught subjects that they have chosen to take as a GCSE or BTEC.
Cor |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ronnie%20Kosloff | Ronnie Kosloff (born July 26, 1948, in Los Angeles, California) is a professor of theoretical chemistry at the Institute of Chemistry and Fritz Haber Center for Molecular Dynamics, Hebrew University of Jerusalem, Israel.
Education and career
Ronnie Kosloff grew up in Jerusalem and then moved to Haifa in Israel. He graduated from Hebrew Reali School in Haifa in 1966.
He joined the armoured corps of the Israel Defence Force. He studied at the Hebrew University from 1969
to 1978 when he obtained his PhD. From 1978 to 1980 he was a post doctoral fellow at the University of Chicago.
Ronnie Kosloff joined the Hebrew University faculty at 1981 where he serves as a Sonneborn professor of theoretical chemistry.
Research
Ronnie Kosloff contributed to the theory of quantum molecular dynamics.
He developed methods to follow the evolution of a molecular system by solving the time dependent Schrödinger equation.
Together with David Tannor and Stuart A Rice they originated the pump-dump scheme for coherent control.
The idea of coherent control was extended to Unitary transformations, a key
ingredient in quantum gates.
More recent work is on coherent control of binary chemical reactions.
Ronnie Kosloff originated the dynamical study of quantum heat engines. This study is part of the emerging field of quantum thermodynamics.
Honors and awards
Ronnie Kosloff is a member of the International Academy of Quantum Molecular Science and Academia Europaea.
He won the Feher Prize for distingui |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%20Arrow | Red Arrow or Red Arrows may refer to:
Biology
A species of dragonfly, Rhodothemis lieftincki
The red arrow crab Stenorhynchus yangi
Business
Red Arrow Diner, a diner in the U.S. state of New Hampshire
Red Arrow Entertainment Group, the content, production, and distribution division of ProSiebenSat.1 Media
Red Arrow Products Company LLC, a food flavor manufacturer operating as a subsidiary of Kerry Group
Red Arrow TV rental, former Granada plc subsidiary
Entertainment
Formerly the superhero guise of Roy Harper, a DC Comics character, formerly known as Speedy and Arsenal, before going back to using the code name Arsenal following the death of his daughter
Emiko Queen, also known as Red Arrow, half-sister of the DC Comics superhero Green Arrow (Oliver Queen)
Briefly suggested as a code name for herself by the Arrowverse character Thea Queen
Red Arrow (Middle-earth), a summoning device in Tolkien's fictional universe
Red Arrow, an aircraft featured in the Thunderbirds episode "Edge of Impact"
Red Arrow, Black Shield, adventure module for D & D
Military
Red Arrows, the aerobatics display team of the Royal Air Force of the UK.
“Red Arrow Division“, nickname and insignia of the 32nd Infantry Division (United States), active 1917 – 1919 and 1940 – 1946
Common name of Chinese anti-tank missiles, Hongjian, 红箭, abbreviated as HJ, includes
HJ-8
HJ-9
HJ-10
HJ-12
Sport
Al-Mussanah Club “Red Arrows“, Omani sports club
Red Arrows F.C., a Zambian soccer club
"Red A |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20S.%20Tan | James S. Tan (died May 25, 2006) was an American medical doctor who specialized in infectious diseases, immunology, and internal medicine. He was the author of several medical books and many medical articles.
Tan was affiliated with Summa Health System.
His books include Microbiology and Immunology (Mosby 2002), and the Rapid Response medical-student review for it (Mosby 2006, 2nd ed.). Tan was also the author of Contemporary Diagnosis and Management of Skin and Soft Tissue Infections (with Thomas M. File); Expert Guide to Infectious Diseases (part of the American College of Physicians-American Society of Internal Medicine's "Expert Guides Series"); and is co-author Pocket Guide to Injectable Drugs: Companion to Handbook on Injectable Drugs (American College of Cardiology, 11th ed. 2001).
Tan died of cancer at age 67. He has nine living relatives; his wife, June; daughters, Rowena and Stephanie; son, Michael; and grandchildren, Drew, Allison, Hannah, Jameson, and Nicholas.
Notes
References
2006 deaths
1938 births |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.%20A.%20Green | J. A. Green may refer to:
Sandy Green (mathematician) (James Alexander Green, 1926–2014), professor of mathematics
J. A. Green (photographer) (1873–1905), Nigerian photographer |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sandy%20Green%20%28mathematician%29 | James Alexander "Sandy" Green FRS (26 February 1926 – 7 April 2014) was a mathematician and Professor at the Mathematics Institute at the University of Warwick, who worked in the field of representation theory.
Early life
Sandy Green was born in February 1926 in Rochester, New York, but moved to Toronto with his emigrant Scottish parents later that year. The family returned to Britain in May 1935 when his father, Frederick C. Green, took up the Drapers Professorship of French at the University of Cambridge.
Education
Green was educated at the Perse School, Cambridge. He won a scholarship to the University of St Andrews and matriculated aged 16 in 1942. He took an ordinary BSc in 1944, and then, after scientific service in the war, was awarded a BSc Honours in 1947. He gained his PhD at St John's College, Cambridge in 1951, under the supervision of Philip Hall and David Rees.
Career
World War II
In the summer of 1944, he was conscripted for national scientific service at the age of eighteen, and was he was assigned to work at Bletchley Park, where he acted as a human "computer" carrying out calculations in Hut F, the "Newmanry", a department led by Max Newman, which used special-purpose Colossus computers to assist in breaking German naval codes.
Academic work
His first lecturing post (1950) was at the University of Manchester, where Newman was his Head of department. In 1964 he became a Reader at the University of Sussex, and then in 1965 was appointed as a professor at |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giacomo%20Bernardi | Giacomo Bernardi is a Professor of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology at University of California Santa Cruz.
He earned his B.A., M.S., and Ph.D. at the University of Paris and did post-doctoral work from 1991 to 1994 at Hopkins Marine Station at Stanford University.
His research includes working on phylogeography, speciation and molecular ecology of fishes, particularly in fishes lacking a pelagic larval phase, Gulf of California and Pacific disjunct species, and in surfperches (Embiotocidae).
His research compares phylogeographic and gene expression patterns to test for local adaptation in a high gene flow species.
He is also interested in population structure of coastal and island groupers.
He also investigates adult population structure and the structure of a new year-class within Sebastes mystinus (blue rockfish) and Sebastes atrovirens (kelp rockfish) over multiple temporal and spatial scales.
He studies at the Richard Gump South Pacific Research Station.
Selected publications
Robertson DR, Karg F, de Moura RL, Victor BC, and Bernardi G. 2006. "Mechanisms of speciation and faunal enrichment in Atlantic parrotfishes". Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 40: 795-807
Bernardi, G. and J. Lape. 2005. "Tempo and mode of speciation in the Baja California disjunct fish species Anisotremus davidsonii". Molecular Ecology 14: 4085-4096.
Bernardi, G. 2005. "Phylogeography and demography of sympatric sister species, Embiotoca jacksoni and E. lateralis along the Californ |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/W%C5%82odzimierz%20Ko%C5%82os | Włodzimierz Kołos (1928 - 1996) was a Polish chemist and physicist who was one of the founders of modern quantum chemistry, and pioneered accurate calculations on the electronic structure of molecules.
Life and scientific work
Kołos was born on September 6, 1928, in Pinsk. He received his M.Sc. in chemistry in 1950 and began his academic career as an organic chemist. However, he was soon attracted to theoretical physics. He began his graduate studies in theoretical physics in 1951 and completed his thesis in only two years. The University of Warsaw and the Polish Chemical Society award the Kołos Medal every two years to commemorate his life and career.
Kołos is best known for his work on the theory of electron correlation in molecules. In 1958 he went the University of Chicago, at a time when powerful computers were first becoming available for scientific work. He developed a new computer program to solve the Schrödinger equation for the hydrogen molecule to unprecedented accuracy. In the early 1960s, Kołos and Wolniewicz published a number of pioneering papers on the potential energy curves of the hydrogen molecule, including several corrections to the Born–Oppenheimer approximation, including adiabatic, non-adiabatic, and relativistic terms. One result attracted particular attention: the calculated dissociation energy disagreed with the best experimental data then available, from Gerhard Herzberg’s group. A few years later Herzberg improved his experiment and obtained a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%82os%20Medal | The Kołos Medal (Polish: Medal im. Włodzimierza Kołosa) is a prestigious medal awarded every two years by the University of Warsaw and the Polish Chemical Society for distinction in theoretical or experimental physical chemistry. It was established in 1998 to commemorate the life and career of Włodzimierz Kołos, one of the founding fathers of modern quantum chemistry.
The medal features the picture of Kołos, his date of birth and death, the Latin inscriptions Societas Chimica Polonorum, Universitas Varsoviensis and Servire Veritatis Kołos Lectio Praemiumque as well as the name of the recipient.
Recipients
The winners of the award so far have been:
Source: Warsaw University
See also
List of chemistry awards
References
External links
Kołos Medal page
Chemistry awards
Polish awards
Polish science and technology awards
Awards established in 1998 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergasilidae | Ergasilidae is a widespread family of copepods and comprises many species. The type genus is Ergasilus. With a few doubtful exceptions all ergasilids are parasitic on fishes.
Biology
Various species of Ergasilidae parasitise hosts in various habitats, mostly freshwater, but some attack marine species, especially euryhaline fishes such as mullet. Because the best-known species are adapted to attack the gill filaments of the fishes, Ergasilidae are known by common names such as gill lice. However, some species have been found infesting, and presumably causing, external skin lesions of fish.
Immature instars and mature males of Ergasilidae are fairly typical free-living planktonic copepods. The mature females also can swim competently and at least one species, Ergasilus chautauquaensis, is not known to be parasitic at all. However, that is exceptional; most adult females are parasitic and have morphological adaptations for attacking the gills of host species of fishes.
Though their antennules retain their sensory function, the main second antennae of the adult females are adapted to clinging to the gill filaments of host fishes. In many Ergasilus species it is not clear that mature females are able to release their grip once attached, but when forcibly detached from the host's gills they swim without difficulty.
Another adaptation in parasitic females is that their first legs are armed with heavy, blade-like spines, and in some species the joints also are fused, stiffening t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zdzis%C5%82aw%20Stieber | Zdzisław Stieber, (June 7, 1903 – October 12, 1980) was a Polish linguist and Slavist. He was born in Szczakowa, then part of the Austro-Hungarian province of Galicia (since 1918 Poland). His family was of assimilated German descent in Poland for generations. He died in Warsaw.
Initially a student of chemistry, Stieber turned his attention to comparative Slavic linguistics at the University of Kraków in 1926. His interest in the dialects of border areas led him to the study of East Slovak and Ukrainian dialects, where his work focused on toponyms, their etymology, and the history and settlement of the places where they are attested. He also carried out research on Sorbian and Belarusian, and was involved in producing linguistic atlases of Kashubian (1964–78), Polish (Nitsch 1957–70), and Lemkian (1956–64). Particularly valuable was his introduction of colors and symbols to dialect maps. Stieber's work in the 1930s represented some of the first studies of the dialect of the Lemko Rusyns. The deportation of this ethnic group in Operation Vistula after World War II underlines the importance of Stieber's work carried out while the community was still intact.
Stieber also produced works on the history and development of Polish (1934), Czech (1957), and Slavic in general (1969). Stieber held teaching appointments in Kraków, Lviv, Łódź, and Warsaw. His work in Polish and Slavic philology had a particularly strong influence on the introduction of the structural method in the teachi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/-ine | -ine is a suffix used in chemistry to denote two kinds of substance. The first is a chemically basic and alkaloidal substance. It was proposed by Joseph Louis Gay-Lussac in an editorial accompanying a paper by Friedrich Sertürner describing the isolation of the alkaloid "morphium", which was subsequently renamed to "morphine". Examples include quinine, morphine and guanidine. The second usage is to denote a hydrocarbon of the second degree of unsaturation. Examples include hexine and heptine. With simple hydrocarbons, this usage is identical to the IUPAC suffix -yne.
In common and literary adjectives (e.g. asinine, canine, feline, ursine), the suffix is usually pronounced or in some words alternatively . For demonyms (e.g. Levantine, Byzantine, Argentine) it is usually or . But in chemistry, it is usually pronounced or depending on the word it appears in and the accent of the speaker. In a few words (for example, quinine, iodine and strychnine), the sound is normal in some accents. Gasoline ends with ; glycerine more often with than with . In caffeine, the suffix has merged with the e in the root, for stressed ; in gasoline and margarine as well the suffix is stressed by some people.
Some elements of the periodic table (namely the halogens, in the Group 17) have this suffix: fluorine (F), chlorine (Cl), bromine (Br), iodine (I) and astatine (At), ending which was continued in the artificially created tennessine (Ts).
The suffix -in () is etymologically related and ov |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Drohan | William N. Drohan (1946 – ) was an American microbiologist and academic known for his research in the field of hematology.
Education
Drohan earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in bacteriology from the University of California, Los Angeles and a PhD in medical microbiology and immunology from UCLA School of Medicine.
Career
He was known for his commitment to improving blood safety, his work in transgenic proteins to treat hemophilia and other blood-related disorders, as well as contributions in investigating mad cow disease in the blood supply.
His career included positions with the National Cancer Institute, the American Red Cross, and private companies that treated blood-borne disorders, most recently as chief scientific officer at Inspiration Biopharmaceuticals, and previously president and subsequently chief scientific officer of Clearant.
He also served as a professor in the Graduate Program of the Department of Genetics at George Washington University and formerly as an adjunct professor in the Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering at the University of Maryland.
He served on the editorial boards of several scientific journals, and was a member of the Scientific Steering Committee for Blood Products at Walter Reed Army Institute of Research and chairman for the Panel on Biotechnology of the National Research Council.
Death
Drohan died of lung cancer at his home in Germantown, Maryland after a four-year illness. Drohan had previously lived in Springfield |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evelyn%20Nelson%20%28mathematician%29 | Evelyn Merle Nelson (November 25, 1943 – August 1, 1987), born Evelyn Merle Roden, was a Canadian mathematician. Nelson made contributions to the area of universal algebra with applications to theoretical computer science. She, along with Cecilia Krieger, is the namesake of the Krieger–Nelson Prize,
awarded by the Canadian Mathematical Society for outstanding research by a female mathematician.
Early life
Nelson was born on November 25, 1943, in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada. Her parents were immigrants from Russia in the 1920s. Nelson went to high school at Westdale Secondary School in Hamilton.
Education
After spending two years at the University of Toronto, Nelson returned to Hamilton to study at McMaster University. She received her B.Sc in mathematics from
McMaster in 1965, followed by an M.Sc in mathematics from McMaster in 1967. She succeeded in having her thesis work published in the Canadian Journal of Mathematics, also in 1967; the article was entitled "Finiteness of semigroups of operators in universal algebra".
Nelson completed her Ph.D in 1970. Her thesis was entitled "The lattice of equational classes of commutative semigroups", and the ideas also formed a journal paper published in the Canadian Journal of Mathematics.
Career
Following completion of her Ph.D., Nelson continued at McMaster. She first worked as a post-doctoral researcher, later as a "research associate", and in 1978 was appointed associate professor. Serving as chair of the Unit of Computer Scienc |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rachel%20Sarah%20Herz | Rachel Sarah Herz is a Canadian and American psychologist and cognitive neuroscientist, recognized for her research on the psychology of smell.
Background
Rachel Herz completed her undergraduate degree in psychology and biology at Queen's University in Kingston, Ontario, and an MA and PhD in the Psychology Department at the University of Toronto. After completing her PhD in 1992, she won a Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council (NSERC) Post-Doctoral Award and took her research to the University of British Columbia. In 1994, she received the Ajinomoto USA Inaugural Award for Promising Young Scientists and joined the Monell Chemical Senses Center in Philadelphia as an assistant member.
In 2000, Herz joined the faculty at Brown University, first as a member of the Psychology Department and now as an adjunct assistant professor in the Department of Psychiatry and Human Behavior of Brown University Medical School. She is also part-time faculty in the Department of Psychology and Neuroscience at Boston College. Herz is a TED-X speaker and since the mid-1990s, Herz has been consulting for many of the world's leading multinational fragrance and flavor companies and regularly lectures to national and international audiences.
In 2004 Herz had to change her relationship with Brown University to a more limited involvement so that she could pursue other creative enterprises. It was at this time that she began writing The Scent of Desire: Discovering Our Enigmatic Sense of |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20End%20of%20Time%20%28book%29 | The End of Time: The Next Revolution in Our Understanding of the Universe, also sold with the alternate subtitle The Next Revolution in Physics, is a 1999 popular science book in which the author Julian Barbour argues that time exists merely as an illusion.
Autobiography
The book begins by describing how Barbour's view of time evolved. After taking physics in graduate school, Barbour went to Cologne for Ph.D. work on Einstein's theory of gravity. However he became preoccupied with the idea proposed by Ernst Mach that time is nothing but change. A remark by Paul Dirac prompted him to reconsider some mainstream physical assumptions. He worked as a translator of Russian scientific articles and remained outside of academic institutions which provided him time to pursue his research as he desired.
For some twenty years Barbour sought to reformulate physics in the spirit of Mach but found that his results have been already discovered in a different form called ADM formalism. He nearly gave up research, became involved in politics (p. 238) and began writing books on the history of physics. His interest however was rekindled after talking with Lee Smolin and reflecting on quantum mechanics. Barbour came to the conclusion that "If the Machian approach to classical dynamics is correct, quantum cosmology will have no dynamics. It will be timeless. It must also be frameless" (p. 232). He develops this view in the book.
He acknowledges also that John Bell presented in 1980 a "quantum |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/How%20Students%20Learn | How Students Learn: History, Mathematics, and Science in the Classroom is the title of a 2001 educational psychology book edited by M. Suzanne Donovan and John D. Bransford and published by the United States National Academy of Sciences's National Academies Press.
The book focuses on "three fundamental and well-established principles of learning that are highlighted in How People Learn and are particularly important for teachers to understand and be able to incorporate in their teaching:
"Students come to the classroom with preconceptions about how the world works. If their initial understanding is not engaged, they may fail to grasp the new concepts and information, or they may learn them for purposes of a test but revert to their preconceptions outside the classroom.
"To develop competence in an area of inquiry, students must (a) have a deep foundation of factual knowledge, (b) understand the facts and ideas in the context of a conceptual framework, and (c) organize knowledge in ways that facilitate retrieval and application.
"A 'metacognitive' approach to instruction can help students learn to take control of their own learning by defining learning goals and monitoring their progress in achieving them."
References
Adomanis, James F. (May 2006). "How Students Learn: History in the Classroom, edited by M. Suzanne Donovan and John D. Bransford. Washington, DC: The National Academies Press, 2005. 615 pages. $34.95, paper, with a CD-ROM". The History Teacher. Society f |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GWD | GWD may refer to:
Biology and medicine
Alpha-glucan, water dikinase
Guinea worm disease
Transport
Gwadar International Airport, Balochistan, Pakistan
Greenwood station (Mississippi), United States
Other uses
Gawwada language, spoken in Ethiopia
Global Wind Day, celebrating wind power |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miner%20%28disambiguation%29 | A miner is the principal occupation in mining of mineral resources.
Miner may also refer to:
Biology
Miner, Australian birds of the genus Manorina in the honeyeater family
Miner, South American birds of the genus Geositta in the ovenbird family
Leaf miner, the larva of an insect that lives in and eats the leaf tissue of plants
Places
Miner, Missouri, a city in Missouri, US
Miner County, South Dakota, US
Arts and entertainment
The Miner, a novel by the Japanese author Natsume Sōseki
The Miner (film), a 2017 film
Miners (poem), a poem by Wilfred Owen
The Miner, an abbreviated name for the Arizona Miner
People with the surname
Cyrus Miner (1827–1899), American politician
Dorothy Miner (historian) (1904–1973), American art historian
Dorothy Miner, American lawyer
Eunice Thomas Miner, executive director of the New York Academy of Sciences
Harold Miner, American professional basketball player
Horace Mitchell Miner, American anthropologist
Jack Miner, Canadian conservationist
James Harvey Miner (1830–1913), American politician and lawyer in Wisconsin
Jan Miner, American actress
Jay Miner, American circuit designer, "father of the Amiga"
Myrtilla Miner, American educator and abolitionist
Rachel Miner, American actress
Robert Graham Miner (1911–1990), American diplomat
Roger Miner, American federal judge
Ross Miner (born 1991), American skating coach and figure skater
S. Isadore Miner (pen name, "Pauline Periwinkle"; 1863–1916), American journalist, poet, |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/693%20%28number%29 | 693 (six hundred [and] ninety-three) is the natural number following 692 and preceding 694.
In mathematics
693 has twelve divisors: 1, 3, 7, 9, 11, 21, 33, 63, 77, 99, 231, and 693. Thus, 693 is tied with 315 for the highest number of divisors for any odd natural number below 900. The smallest positive odd integer with more divisors is 945, which has 16 divisors. Consequently, 945 is also the smallest odd abundant number, having an abundancy index of 1920/945 ≈ 2.03175.
693 appears as the first three digits after the decimal point in the decimal form for the natural logarithm of 2. To 10 digits, this number is 0.6931471805. As a result, if an event has a constant probability of 0.1% of occurring, 693 is the smallest number of trials that must be performed for there to be at least a 50% chance that the event occurs at least once. More generally, for any probability p, the probability that the event occurs at least once in a sample of n items, assuming the items are independent, is given by the following formula:
1 − (1 − p)n
For p = 10−3 = 0.001, plugging in n = 692 gives, to four decimal places, 0.4996, while n = 693 yields 0.5001.
693 is the lowest common multiple of 7, 9, and 11. Multiplying 693 by 5 gives 3465, the smallest positive integer divisible by 3, 5, 7, 9, and 11.
693 is a palindrome in bases 32, 62, 76, 98, 230, and 692. It is also a palindrome in binary: 1010110101.
The reciprocal of 693 has a period of six: = 0..
693 is a triangular matchstick number.
|
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meanings%20of%20minor%20planet%20names%3A%20159001%E2%80%93160000 |
159001–159100
|-id=011
| 159011 Radomyshl || || Radomyshl, Ukraine ||
|-id=013
| 159013 Kyleturner || || In memory of Kyle Walter Turner, of Missouri City, TX ||
|}
159101–159200
|-id=102
| 159102 Sarahflanigan || || Sarah H. Flanigan (born 1985) is a supervising engineer at the Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory, who served as the Deputy Guidance and Control Lead for the New Horizons Mission to Pluto. ||
|-id=164
| 159164 La Cañada || || Observatorio de La Cañada (La Cañada Observatory), Ávila, Spain, the discovery site ||
|-id=181
| 159181 Berdychiv || || Berdychiv, second most populous city in the Zhytomyr region in the northwest of Ukraine. ||
|}
159201–159300
|-id=215
| 159215 Apan || || APAN, an amateur astronomical association from Novara, Italy (), that oversees the Suno Observatory, where this minor planet was discovered ||
|}
159301–159400
|-id=351
| 159351 Leonpascal || || Leon Pascal Kocher, grandchild of the discoverer ||
|}
159401–159500
|-id=409
| 159409 Ratte || 1999 OJ || Étienne-Hyacinthe de Ratte (1722–1805), French astronomer and mathematician from Montpellier ||
|}
159501–159600
|-bgcolor=#f2f2f2
| colspan=4 align=center |
|}
159601–159700
|-id=629
| 159629 Brunszvik || || Countess Teréz Brunszvik, the founder of the first nursery school in Hungary ||
|}
159701–159800
|-id=743
| 159743 Kluk || || Kluk, a Czech hill near the Kleť mountain, location of the Kleť Observatory where this minor planet |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Orleans%20Charter%20Science%20and%20Mathematics%20High%20School | New Orleans Charter Science & Math High School is an open enrollment charter school in New Orleans, Louisiana, USA. Students commonly refer to the school as "SciHigh", "Science & Math", or vice versa, "Math and Science".
The organization, Advocates for Science and Mathematics Education, governs the school, which is located in Uptown, in the former Allen Elementary School campus. The school is supported in part by the Foundation for Science and Mathematics Education, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit organization that advocates for "an open-admissions, rigorous, hands-on educational model paired with the belief that any student can succeed when provided with a safe and supportive environment."
History
The school was founded in 1993 by Barbara MacPhee as a half day school focused on the rigorous instruction of mathematics and science. Students from any New Orleans Public School were able to enroll part-time at NOCSMHS and part-time at their "home" school. From its inception until Hurricane Katrina, the school was housed on the campus of Delgado Community College.
After Katrina, the school was chartered under the auspices of the Orleans Parish School Board as a full-day, grades 9-12 high school, offering instruction in all subjects, including English, social studies, and foreign language. Due to the damage, Delgado received from Katrina, NOCSMHS moved to the building which housed the former Henry W. Allen Elementary School in the uptown New Orleans neighborhood.
In October 2010, the |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristina%20Lilley | Kristina Lilley (; born 31 August 1963) is an American and Colombian actress.
Biography
Kristina Lilley was born in New York City. She is the daughter of John Lilley, an American diplomat and Norwegian mother, Ellen Christensen, who was born in Bergen. Her family moved to Colombia when she was three years old.
She studied biology at the Pontifical Xavierian University before becoming an actress. She speaks both Spanish, and English with a New York accent fluently.
In 2022, she played Gabriela Acevedo de Elizondo, in the second season of Pasión de Gavilanes.
Movies
Television
Personal life
She married Óscar Suárez at a young age, divorcing in 2003 after having two daughters. In 2009, she was in a relationship with Colombian philosopher, Mauricio Lombana.
References
External links
Living people
Actresses from New York (state)
Colombian telenovela actresses
Naturalized citizens of Colombia
American emigrants to Colombia
American people of Norwegian descent
Colombian people of Norwegian descent
Pontifical Xavierian University alumni
1963 births |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chevron%20Science%20Center | Chevron Science Center is a landmark academic building at 219 Parkman Avenue in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States on the campus of the University of Pittsburgh. The 15-story facility, completed in 1974, was designed by Kuhn, Newcomer & Valentour and houses the university's chemistry department. A three-story addition above Ashe Auditorium was completed in 2011.
History
Between 1910 and 1971, the site of Chevron Science Center had been occupied by the former State Hall, the first building erected upon Pitt's move in the early 20th century to the Oakland campus and at various times home to the university's library, administration, and engineering department. Chevron Science Center's $14.7 million cost ($ million today) was partially offset by a $2 million grant ($ million today) from the National Science Foundation. Its completion brought together under one roof many chemistry facilities that were, at the time, scattered among eight different buildings on Pitt's campus. Upon its completion, it was the largest school building for chemistry instruction and research east of the Mississippi River. The building also received a second place award in the "Lab of the Year" contest conducted by Industrial Research magazine. It contains a 500-seat auditorium dedicated to Lauren H. Ashe, a 1914 Pitt alumnus who was a pioneer in the pharmaceutical industry.
The building was named in recognition of Chevron Corporation's donation of its then recently acquired $100-million, 85-acr |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karen%20King | Karen King may refer to:
Karen Leigh King (born 1954), historian of religion
Karen D. King (born 1970), African-American mathematics educator |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urey%20Medal | The Urey Medal is given annually by the European Association of Geochemistry for outstanding contributions advancing Geochemistry over a career. The award is named after the physical chemist Harold Urey, FRS.
Urey Medalists
See also
List of geology awards
References
European science and technology awards
Geology awards |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Interval%20order | In mathematics, especially order theory,
the interval order for a collection of intervals on the real line
is the partial order corresponding to their left-to-right precedence relation—one interval, I1, being considered less than another, I2, if I1 is completely to the left of I2.
More formally, a countable poset is an interval order if and only if
there exists a bijection from to a set of real intervals,
so ,
such that for any we have
in exactly when .
Such posets may be equivalently
characterized as those with no induced subposet isomorphic to the
pair of two-element chains, in other words as the -free posets
. Fully written out, this means that for any two pairs of elements and one must have or .
The subclass of interval orders obtained by restricting the intervals to those of unit length, so they all have the form , is precisely the semiorders.
The complement of the comparability graph of an interval order (, ≤)
is the interval graph .
Interval orders should not be confused with the interval-containment orders, which are the inclusion orders on intervals on the real line (equivalently, the orders of dimension ≤ 2).
Interval orders and dimension
An important parameter of partial orders is order dimension: the dimension of a partial order is the least number of linear orders whose intersection is . For interval orders, dimension can be arbitrarily large. And while the problem of determining the dimension of general partial orders is known to be NP-hard, dete |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria%20Gould | Victoria Gould is a British actress, best known for playing the character of journalist Polly Becker on the BBC television soap opera EastEnders from 1997 to 1998.
Gould moved on to professional theatre work, and is now a member of progressive physical theatre company, Complicite. She has an MSc in Mathematics; a subject which she often combines into the collective nature of Complicite's work, and is currently based in Brighton.
In 2006, she guest-starred in the Big Finish Productions audio production Sapphire and Steel: The School.
References
External links
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
British soap opera actresses
British stage actresses
British voice actresses |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clar%27s%20rule | In organic and physical organic chemistry, Clar's rule is an empirical rule that relates the chemical stability of a molecule with its aromaticity. It was introduced in 1972 by the Austrian organic chemist Erich Clar in his book The Aromatic Sextet. The rule states that given a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, the resonance structure most important to characterize its properties is that with the largest number of aromatic π-sextets i.e. benzene-like moieties.
The rule
In general, the chemical structure of a given polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon admits more than one resonance structure: these are sometimes referred to as Kekulé resonance structures. Some of such structures may contain aromatic π-sextets, namely groups of six π-electrons localized in a benzene-like moiety and separated by adjacent rings by formal C–C bonds. An aromatic π-sextet can be represented by a circle, as in the case of the anthracene molecule. Clar's rule states that for a benzenoid polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (i.e. with only hexagonal rings), the resonance structure with the largest number of disjoint aromatic π-sextets is the most important to characterize its chemical and physical properties. Such resonance structure is called the Clar structure. In other words, a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon with a given number of π-sextets is more stable than its isomers with less π-sextets. In 1984, Glidewell and Lloyd provided an extension of Clar's rule to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons containin |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Roundy | David Roundy is a physicist known primarily as the author of the Darcs version control system.
His parents are Virginia (Giny) Miller Roundy & Willard (Bill) Roundy. He obtained a B.A. in Physics and Chemistry in 1995 and a Ph.D. in physics from Berkeley in 2001. Between 2001 and 2006 he did postdoctoral work at MIT and Cornell. He was an assistant professor in Physics at Oregon State University from 2006 to 2014, and an associate professor since 2014. His current research focus is on Condensed Matter Theory.
External links
, OSU
1973 births
Living people
Oregon State University faculty
American physicists |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overlap%E2%80%93add%20method | In signal processing, the overlap–add method is an efficient way to evaluate the discrete convolution of a very long signal with a finite impulse response (FIR) filter :
where for m outside the region .
This article uses common abstract notations, such as or in which it is understood that the functions should be thought of in their totality, rather than at specific instants (see Convolution#Notation).
The concept is to divide the problem into multiple convolutions of h[n] with short segments of :
where L is an arbitrary segment length. Then:
and y[n] can be written as a sum of short convolutions:
where the linear convolution is zero outside the region . And for any parameter it is equivalent to the N-point circular convolution of with in the . The advantage is that the circular convolution can be computed more efficiently than linear convolution, according to the circular convolution theorem:
where:
DFTN and IDFTN refer to the Discrete Fourier transform and its inverse, evaluated over N discrete points, and
is customarily chosen such that is an integer power-of-2, and the transforms are implemented with the FFT algorithm, for efficiency.
Pseudocode
The following is a pseudocode of the algorithm:
(Overlap-add algorithm for linear convolution)
h = FIR_filter
M = length(h)
Nx = length(x)
N = 8 × 2^ceiling( log2(M) ) (8 times the smallest power of two bigger than filter length M. See next section for a slightly better choice.)
step_size = N - (M- |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Coates | Joseph Coates (13 November 1844 – 9 September 1896) was an English-born Australian schoolmaster and cricketer.
Early life
Coates was born in Huddersfield, Yorkshire, England, the son of Joseph, a cordwainer, and his wife Ellen. While at Huddersfield College he gained medals for mathematics and classics and matriculated to the University of London.
School master
Instead of taking up his university place, Coates sailed to New South Wales in 1864 and became an assistant master at the newly founded Newington College, Sydney. In 1873 he moved to Fort Street School and after serving in schools at West Maitland and William Street, Sydney he became headmaster of Fort Street in 1876. He served only six months at Fort Street before briefly visiting England, and in 1877 he succeeded Dr Michael Howe as headmaster of Newington.
During Coates's six years there Newington moved in 1880 from Silverwater to Stanmore and enrolments trebled. Under Coates's guidance the college established a high reputation for sport and for scholarship. He was the first captain in its cadet corps and in 1869 Newington became the first Australian school to play rugby union in a match against the University of Sydney. Coates played in both the Rugby and cricket teams and was an important influence on two Old Newingtonians who were early members of the Australia national cricket team – Tom Garrett and Edwin Evans.
In September 1883 Coates successfully applied for the headmastership of the newly founded Sydney B |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger%20W.%20Brockett | Roger Ware Brockett (October 22, 1938 – March 19, 2023) was an American control theorist and the An Wang Professor of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering at Harvard University, who founded the Harvard Robotics Laboratory in 1983.
Brockett became a member of the National Academy of Engineering in 1991 for outstanding contributions to the theory and practice of linear and nonlinear control systems.
Biography
Brockett was born on October 22, 1938, in Seville, Ohio, to Roger Lawrence and Grace Ester (Patch) Brockett.
Brockett received his B.S. from Case Western Reserve University in 1960, and continued on to receive his M.S. in 1962 and his Ph.D. in 1964 from Case Western Reserve University as well. His Ph.D. dissertation was The Invertibility of Dynamic Systems with Application to Control under the supervision of Mihajlo D. Mesarovic. At Case Western, Brockett was classmates with Donald Knuth.
After teaching at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology from 1963 to 1969, he joined the faculty at Harvard University. At Harvard, Brockett became the Gordon McKay Professor of Applied Mathematics and in 1989 the An Wang Professor of Computer Science and Electrical Engineering.
Brockett was known for his work on control theory and linear differential systems; in 1970 he published the textbook Finite Dimensional Linear Systems. Brockett has advised over 50 students, including Daniel Liberzon, Jan Willems, David Dobkin, John Baras, P. S. Krishnaprasad, and John Baillieul. |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centimorgan | In genetics, a centimorgan (abbreviated cM) or map unit (m.u.) is a unit for measuring genetic linkage. It is defined as the distance between chromosome positions (also termed loci or markers) for which the expected average number of intervening chromosomal crossovers in a single generation is 0.01. It is often used to infer distance along a chromosome. However, it is not a true physical distance.
Relation to physical distance
The number of base pairs to which it corresponds varies widely across the genome (different regions of a chromosome have different propensities towards crossover) and it also depends on whether the meiosis in which the crossing-over takes place is a part of oogenesis (formation of female gametes) or spermatogenesis (formation of male gametes).
One centimorgan corresponds to about 1 million base pairs in humans on average. The relationship is only rough, as the physical chromosomal distance corresponding to one centimorgan varies from place to place in the genome, and also varies between males and females since recombination during gamete formation in females is significantly more frequent than in males. Kong et al. calculated that the female genome is 4460 cM long, while the male genome is only 2590 cM long. Plasmodium falciparum has an average recombination distance of ~15 kb per centimorgan: markers separated by 15 kb of DNA (15,000 nucleotides) have an expected rate of chromosomal crossovers of 0.01 per generation. Note that non-syntenic genes (g |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blue%20Dragon | Blue Dragon may refer to:
Biology
Glaucus atlanticus, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusc in the family Glaucidae
Glaucus marginatus, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusc in the family Glaucidae
Pteraeolidia ianthina, a shell-less marine gastropod mollusc in the family Facelinidae
Media
Franchise
Blue Dragon franchise of video games, manga and anime
Blue Dragon (video game), a 2006 video game for the Xbox 360.
Blue Dragon (manga), also known as Blue Dragon Ral Ω Grad, a manga adaptation of the video game series
Blue Dragon (TV series), an anime adaptation of the video game series
Books
Blue Dragon, a novel in The Dark Heavens trilogy by Kylie Chan
The Blue Dragon: A Robert Strand Mystery, a novella by Ronald Tierney
The Blue Dragon, a novel by Robert Lepage, Marie Michaud, and Fred Jourdain
The Blue Dragon, a novel by Kirk Munroe
Blue Dragon, a tavern in Charles Dickens' novel Martin Chuzzlewit
Tabletop game
Blue dragon (Dungeons & Dragons), a type of dragon in the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game
Television and film
The Blue Dragon, a 1919 German silent film directed by Harry Piel
Blue Dragon Film Awards, an annual South Korean film awards ceremony
Sports
Belgrade Blue Dragons, an American football club based in Belgrade, Serbia
Cardiff City Blue Dragons, former Rugby League team in Wales
Hutchinson Blue Dragons, sports teams for Hutchinson Community College in Hutchinson, Kansas, U.S.
Other
BlueDragon, a ColdFusion Markup Language (CFML) e |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primakoff%20effect | In particle physics, the Primakoff effect, named after Henry Primakoff, is the resonant production of neutral pseudoscalar mesons by high-energy photons interacting with an atomic nucleus. It can be viewed as the reverse process of the decay of the meson into two photons and has been used for the measurement of the decay width of neutral mesons.
It could also take place in stars and be a production mechanism of certain hypothetical particles, such as the axion. More precisely, the Primakoff effect is the conversion of axions into photons in the presence of very strong electromagnetic field.
The effect is predicted to lead to optical properties of the vacuum state in the presence of a strong magnetic field.
See also
Two-photon physics
References
Particle physics |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Electrician | The Electrician, published in London from 1861–1863 and 1878–1952, was the one of the earliest and foremost electrical engineering periodicals and scientific journals. It was published in two series: The original Electrician was published for three years from 1861–1863. After a fifteen year gap, a new series of the Electrician was in print for 72 years from 1878–1952. The Electrician is currently remembered as the publisher of Oliver Heaviside's works, in particular the first publication of the telegrapher's equations, still in wide use for radio engineering.
After the periodical ceased publication in 1952, The Electricians corporation continued on its book publishing business, printing works on physics and electrical engineering, until 1959.
Publication history
The Electrician was originally established in 1861, it was discontinued after about three years. In 1878 a new journal with the same title was launched and thereafter published weekly.
The Electrician billed itself in the early 1860s as "a weekly journal of Telegraphy, Electricity, and Applied Chemistry" and was published by Thomas Piper.
The new Electrician that appeared in the late 1870s was published by James Gray on behalf of the proprietors, John Pender and James Anderson of the Eastern Telegraph Company, the biggest cable firm of the day and had a somewhat different focus. It described itself as "a weekly illustrated journal of electrical engineering, industry and science" and also featured more theoretical |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Convex%20hull%20algorithms | Algorithms that construct convex hulls of various objects have a broad range of applications in mathematics and computer science.
In computational geometry, numerous algorithms are proposed for computing the convex hull of a finite set of points, with various computational complexities.
Computing the convex hull means that a non-ambiguous and efficient representation of the required convex shape is constructed. The complexity of the corresponding algorithms is usually estimated in terms of n, the number of input points, and sometimes also in terms of h, the number of points on the convex hull.
Planar case
Consider the general case when the input to the algorithm is a finite unordered set of points on a Cartesian plane. An important special case, in which the points are given in the order of traversal of a simple polygon's boundary, is described later in a separate subsection.
If not all points are on the same line, then their convex hull is a convex polygon whose vertices are some of the points in the input set. Its most common representation is the list of its vertices ordered along its boundary clockwise or counterclockwise. In some applications it is convenient to represent a convex polygon as an intersection of a set of half-planes.
Lower bound on computational complexity
For a finite set of points in the plane, the lower bound on the computational complexity of finding the convex hull represented as a convex polygon is easily shown to be the same as for sorting usi |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wolfram%20Burgard | Wolfram Burgard (born 1961 in Gelsenkirchen, Germany) is a German roboticist. He is a full professor at the University of Technology Nuremberg where he heads the Laboratory for Robotics and Artificial Intelligence. He is known for his substantial contributions to the simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM) problem as well as diverse other contributions to robotics.
Biography
Education
Wolfram Burgard received his Diploma degree from University of Dortmund in 1987 and his Doctorate from the University of Bonn in 1991. His thesis advisor was Armin B. Cremers.
Career
In 1991 he became a research assistant at the University of Bonn, where he led the laboratory for Autonomous Mobile Systems. He was head of the research group that installed the mobile robot Rhino as the first interactive museum tour-guide robot in the Deutsches Museum Bonn, Germany in 1997. In 1998, he and his colleagues deployed the mobile robot Minerva in the National Museum of American History in Washington DC. In 1999, Wolfram Burgard became Professor for Autonomous Intelligent Systems at the Albert-Ludwigs-Universität Freiburg. In 2022, he became Professor for Robotics and Artificial Intelligence as well as Founding Chair of the Department Engineering of the University of Technology Nuremberg.
Research
Together with his colleagues, Wolfram Burgard developed numerous probabilistic approaches to mobile robot navigation. This includes Markov localization, a probabilistic approach to mobile localizatio |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Problems%20involving%20arithmetic%20progressions | Problems involving arithmetic progressions are of interest in number theory, combinatorics, and computer science, both from theoretical and applied points of view.
Largest progression-free subsets
Find the cardinality (denoted by Ak(m)) of the largest subset of {1, 2, ..., m} which contains no progression of k distinct terms. The elements of the forbidden progressions are not required to be consecutive. For example, A4(10) = 8, because {1, 2, 3, 5, 6, 8, 9, 10} has no arithmetic progressions of length 4, while all 9-element subsets of {1, 2, ..., 10} have one.
In 1936, Paul Erdős and Pál Turán posed a question related to this number and Erdős set a $1000 prize for an answer to it. The prize was collected by Endre Szemerédi for a solution published in 1975, what has become known as Szemerédi's theorem.
Arithmetic progressions from prime numbers
Szemerédi's theorem states that a set of natural numbers of non-zero upper asymptotic density contains finite arithmetic progressions, of any arbitrary length k.
Erdős made a more general conjecture from which it would follow that
The sequence of primes numbers contains arithmetic progressions of any length.
This result was proven by Ben Green and Terence Tao in 2004 and is now known as the Green–Tao theorem.
See also Dirichlet's theorem on arithmetic progressions.
, the longest known arithmetic progression of primes has length 27:
224584605939537911 + 81292139·23#·n, for n = 0 to 26. (23# = 223092870)
As of 2011, the longest |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Glover | David Moore Glover (born 28 March 1948) is a British geneticist and Research Professor of Biology and Biological Engineering at the California Institute of Technology. He served as Balfour Professor of Genetics at the University of Cambridge, a Wellcome Trust investigator in the Department of Genetics at the University of Cambridge, and Fellow of Fitzwilliam College, Cambridge. He serves as the first editor-in-chief of the open-access journal Open Biology published by the Royal Society.
Education
Glover was educated at Broadway Technical Grammar School, Barnsley and the University of Cambridge. He undertook his PhD research in the Imperial Cancer Research Fund laboratories as a student of University College London.
Career and research
As a Damon Runyon Fellow at Stanford University he participated in the Recombinant DNA revolution and discovered sequences that interrupted the ribosomal genes of Drosophila. On establishing his independent laboratory at Imperial College London in 1975, he later showed that these were ancient transposable elements. Together with Peter Rigby, Jean Beggs and David Lane, he co-directed a combined research group exploiting the new techniques of recombinant DNA research. In 1978 he was elected Member of the European Molecular Biology Organization (EMBO).
While at Imperial, Glover was awarded a 10-year personal fellowship from the UK's Cancer Research Campaign that allowed him open up a new area of research pioneering the use of Drosophila as a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Spivey | Michael Spivey (commonly known as Mike Spivey) is a British computer scientist at the University of Oxford.
Spivey was born in 1960 and educated at Archbishop Holgate's Grammar School in York, England. He studied mathematics at Christ's College, Cambridge and then undertook a DPhil in computer science on the Z notation at Wolfson College, Oxford and the Programming Research Group, part of the Oxford University Computing Laboratory.
Mike Spivey is a University Lecturer in Computation at the Oxford University Department of Computer Science and Misys and Anderson Fellow of Computer Science at Oriel College, Oxford. His main areas of research interest are compilers and programming languages, especially logic programming. He wrote an Oberon-2 compiler.
Publications
Understanding Z: A Specification Language and its Formal Semantics, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge Tracts in Theoretical Computer Science, No. 3, 2008. .
The Z Notation: A reference manual, Prentice Hall International Series in Computer Science, 1992. .
An introduction to logic programming through Prolog, Prentice Hall International Series in Computer Science, 1996. .
References
External links
Official home page
Personal home page
1960 births
Living people
People educated at Archbishop Holgate's School
Alumni of Christ's College, Cambridge
Alumni of Wolfson College, Oxford
Fellows of Oriel College, Oxford
English computer scientists
Formal methods people
Logic programming researchers
Computer science |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Weymouth | George Weymouth (Waymouth) () was an English explorer of the area now occupied by the state of Maine.
Voyages
George Weymouth was a native of Cockington, Devon, who spent his youth studying shipbuilding and mathematics.
In 1602 Weymouth was hired to seek a northwest passage to India by the recently formed East India Company. He sailed the ship Discovery 300 miles into Hudson Strait but turned back on July 26, as the year was far spent and many men were ill. Weymouth reached Dartmouth on September 5, 1602.
1605 expedition
In March 1605 Thomas Arundell, 1st Baron Arundell of Wardour and Henry Wriothesley, 3rd Earl of Southampton sent Captain Weymouth to found a colony in Virginia under the ruse of searching again for a northwest passage. Weymouth sailed from England on March 31, 1605 on the ship Archangel and landed near Monhegan off the coast of Maine on May 17, 1605.
A report of the voyage, written by James Rosier (hired by Arundell to make detailed observations), was published soon after the expedition's return. The pamphlet described the physical resources available to settlers on the islands and coast of Maine (harbors, rivers, soil, trees, wild fruit and vegetables, and so forth). James Rosier, would write that Monhegan was "woody, growen with Firre, Birch, Oke and Beech, as farre as we say along the shore; and so likely to be within. On the verge grow Gooseberries, Strawberries, Wild pease, and Wilde rose bushes."
The compelling part of the story, however, is th |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnold%20Dumey | Arnold I. Dumey (1906-1995) was the co-inventor of the postal sorting machine and cryptanalyst first for SIS and then NSA. During World War II he worked for the Army Signal Corps and at Arlington Hall, headquarters of the US Army's Signals Intelligence Service (SIS) cryptography, under William and Elizabeth Friedman on breaking the German and Japanese codes. Dumey is also considered by some the inventor of hashing. He published the first hashing paper in 1956.
Later, as a consultant, he co-invented the postal sorter and wrote the code that is used on the front of all USPS envelopes and packages in order to facilitate delivery. In addition, he developed the first system to charge theater tickets to a credit card over the phone for the League of NY Theaters.
The "Dumey microsecond" is a term of art in the intelligence community of the United States where Dumey spent much of his career. The Dumey Microsecond was a crucial event that Arnold claimed was common to all projects: It is that microsecond during which you can impact the flow of, or design of, a project. Before this microsecond, it is too early. After, it is too late to have an impact.
Through the early 1970s, Dumey, then working for the Institute for Defense Analysis in Princeton, was the longest-serving member in the history of the NSA scientific advisory board.
References
1906 births
1995 deaths
Signals Intelligence Service cryptographers
20th-century American engineers
American inventors
United States Army perso |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boris%20Rufimovich%20Vainberg | Boris Rufimovich Vainberg () is a professor of mathematics at the University of North Carolina at Charlotte. He was born in 1938. He received his Dr.S. from Moscow State University, under the supervision of Samarii Galpern. He taught mathematics at Moscow State University for nearly 30 years, then held a visiting professor position at the University of Delaware before taking his current position at UNCC.
His research concerns differential equations, scattering theory, and spectral theory. A survey of his research and publications is also presented in an article on his 80th birthday in the Russian Mathematical Surveys (Russian) and (English).
Publications
Books
Asymptotic Methods in Equations of Mathematical Physics, 1982 (in Russian).
Asymptotic Methods in Equations of Mathematical Physics (revised and expanded English version), Gordon and Breach Science Publishers, New York--London, 1989
Linear Water Waves: A Mathematical Approach, Cambridge University Press, 2002 (with N. Kuznetsov and V. Maz'ya)
Book chapters
Large Time Asymptotic Expansion of the Solutions of Exterior Boundary Value Problems for Hyperbolic Equations and Quasiclassical Approximations, Chapter in "Partial Differential Equations, V", 1999, Springer-Verlag, Berlin-Heidelberg-New York, Series: Encyclopaedia of Math. Sciences.
Papers
He has written over 170 published papers.
References
External links
Dr. Vainberg's home page at UNCC
Soviet mathematicians
Living people
1938 births |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trend%20surface%20analysis | Trend surface analysis is a mathematical technique used in environmental sciences (archeology, geology, soil science, etc.). Trend surface analysis (also called trend surface mapping) is a method based on low-order polynomials of spatial coordinates for estimating a regular grid of points from scattered observations - for example, from archeological finds or from soil survey.
Methods in archaeology
Multivariate interpolation |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebon%20Fisher | Ebon Fisher is a pioneer of transmedia art, working at the intersection of art, biology and digital media. Informed by his exposure to cybernetics and feedback systems at the MIT Media Lab in the mid-1980s, Fisher has approached his work as an evolving collaboration with the world, culminating recently in a nervelike system of ethics conveyed through a transmedia world called The Nervepool.
Life and work
Cultivating what he terms "media organisms" in the plasma of mass communications, Ebon Fisher is one of the early, pre-web explorers of network culture and viral media. Wired Magazine dubbed him "Mr. Meme" in 1995 for his memetic approach to art and he has been lauded as one of the "Visionaries of the New Millennium." Drawn to both the formal and functional properties of nerves and networks, Fisher's work has followed a trajectory from neuron graffiti to his weblike media creation, The Nervepool.
Neuron graffiti: Pittsburgh, PA (1980–82).
Nerve Circle: Interactive rock theatre group, Boston, MA (1986–88).
Network rituals: Information-sharing rituals in Williamsburg, Brooklyn (1989–98).
Network ethics: Bionic ethics system, the Bionic Codes, which evolved into Zoacodes (1992-present).
The Nervepool: Transmedia world with a "nervecenter" at Nervepool.net (1992-present).
In 1985, Fisher was one of the first instructors at the MIT Media Lab where he began his research into culture as "intercoding networks" of humans, machines and ecosystems. In 1986, sensing rock music's |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terence%20Quinn | Terence John Quinn CBE FRS is a British physicist, and emeritus director of the International Bureau of Weights and Measures, where he was director from 1988 until 2003.
Life
He received a B.Sc. in physics from the University of Southampton in 1959, and D.Phil. from the University of Oxford in 1963.
He was at the National Physical Laboratory until 1977, working with his colleague John Martin.
He was editor of Notes and Records of the Royal Society from 2004 until 2007.
He is on the CODATA Task Group, of the International Council for Science (ICSU).
He won the Richard Glazebrook Medal and Prize in 2003.
References
British physicists
Fellows of the Royal Society
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Recipients of the Great Cross of the National Order of Scientific Merit (Brazil)
Scientists of the National Physical Laboratory (United Kingdom) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corday%E2%80%93Morgan%20Prize | The Corday–Morgan Medal and Prize is awarded by the Royal Society of Chemistry for the most meritorious contributions to experimental chemistry, including computer simulation. The prize was established by chemist Gilbert Morgan, who named it after his father Thomas Morgan and his mother Mary-Louise Corday. From the award's inception in 1949 until 1980 it was awarded by the Chemical Society. Up to three prizes are awarded annually.
Recipients
The Corday–Morgan medallists have included many of the UK's most successful chemists. Since 1949 they have been:
Junwang Tang Jan Verlet
Rachel O'Reilly Edward W. Tate
See also
List of chemistry awards
References
Awards established in 1949
Awards of the Royal Society of Chemistry
1949 establishments in England |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yair%20Tauman | Yair Tauman (; born January 20, 1948) is a Professor of Economics at State University of New York, Stony Brook and the Director of the Stony Brook Center for Game Theory. He studied at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem where he obtained his B.Sc. in Mathematics and Statistics and M.Sc. and Ph.D. in Mathematics, the latter two under the supervision of Robert Aumann. His areas of research interests are game theory and industrial organization. He has published, among others, in Econometrica, Games and Economic Behavior, Journal of Economic Theory, Quarterly Journal of Economics and RAND Journal of Economics.
Tauman has been the organizer of the longest and most established series of International Summer Conferences in Game Theory (for over 30 years) and has been on the Faculty at the Kellogg Graduate School of Management and served as the dean of the business school at the Interdisciplinary Center in Hertzliya, Israel. Since 2009 he has served as the academic director of the Zell entrepreneurship program in the Interdisciplinary Center in Hertzliya.
Biography (Business)
In 2005, Tauman led a small group of Israeli investors to interfere with a takeover of online auction company QXL which was then sold for $1.9 Billion dollars.
Tauman co-founded Bidorbuy.com and has served as a member of the board of directors for the following companies: ADFVN, Digi-block, Radware, and Expo-bee.
Since 2011, Tauman has served as a director at Bank Hapoalim.
Biography (Film)
Tauman produc |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Skiles | William Skiles may refer to:
William W. Skiles, U.S. Representative from Ohio
William West Skiles, American missionary
William Vernon Skiles, professor of mathematics
Bill Skiles, of American stand-up comedy act Skiles and Henderson |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generate | Generate may refer to:
Creation (disambiguation)
Science and math:
Generate and test (trial and error)
Generating function, in math and physics
Generating primes
Generating set
Generating trigonometric tables
Other:
Generated collection, in music theory
Generate LA-NY, digital entertainment studio
"Generate", a song by Collective Soul
"Generate", a song by Eric Prydz
See also
Generation (disambiguation)
Generator (disambiguation)
Generative (disambiguation)
Gene (disambiguation) |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/BioTechniques | BioTechniques: the International Journal of Life Science Methods is a peer-reviewed open-access scientific journal published by Future Science Group. It covers laboratory methods and techniques that are of broad interest to professional life scientists, as well as scientists from other disciplines (e.g. physics, chemistry, engineering, computer sciences) interested in life science applications of their technologies. The journal was established in 1983 by Eaton Associates, which was acquired in 2001 by Informa. The journal was then acquired by Future Science Group in 2018. It is distributed in both print and online form.
The journal is supported by print and website advertising, and as of January 2019, began charging article processing fees.
Abstracting and indexing
The journal is abstracted and indexed in:
According to the Journal Citation Reports, the journal has a 2020 impact factor of 1.993.
References
External links
Biology journals
Future Science Group academic journals
Monthly journals
English-language journals
Academic journals established in 1983 |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Feminization%20%28biology%29 | In biology and medicine, feminization is the development in an organism of physical characteristics that are usually unique to the female of the species. This may represent a normal developmental process, contributing to sexual differentiation. Feminization can also be induced by environmental factors, and this phenomenon has been observed in several animal species. In the case of transgender hormone therapy, it is intentionally induced artificially.
Pathological feminization
In animals, when feminization occurs in a male, or at an inappropriate developmental age, it is often due to a genetic or acquired disorder of the endocrine system. In humans, one of the more common manifestations of abnormal feminization is gynecomastia, the inappropriate development of breasts which may result from elevated levels of feminizing hormones such as estrogens. Deficiency or blockage of virilizing hormones (androgens) can also contribute to feminization. In some cases, high levels of androgens may produce both virilizing effects (increased body hair, deepened voice, increased muscle mass, etc.) and feminizing effects (gynecomastia) since androgens can be converted to estrogens by aromatase in the peripheral tissues.
In insects, feminization can occur through inheritance of reproduction-manipulating endosymbionts. This promotes the inheritance of the endosymbionts because the endosymbionts are passed on by mothers to their eggs. As such, the more endosymbiont-infected females there are in a |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linear%20extension | In order theory, a branch of mathematics, a linear extension of a partial order is a total order (or linear order) that is compatible with the partial order. As a classic example, the lexicographic order of totally ordered sets is a linear extension of their product order.
Definitions
Linear extension of a partial order
A partial order is a reflexive, transitive and antisymmetric relation. Given any partial orders and on a set is a linear extension of exactly when
is a total order, and
For every if then
It is that second property that leads mathematicians to describe as extending
Alternatively, a linear extension may be viewed as an order-preserving bijection from a partially ordered set to a chain on the same ground set.
Linear extension of a preorder
A preorder is a reflexive and transitive relation. The difference between a preorder and a partial-order is that a preorder allows two different items to be considered "equivalent", that is, both and hold, while a partial-order allows this only when . A relation is called a linear extension of a preorder if:
is a total preorder, and
For every if then , and
For every if then . Here, means " and not ".
The difference between these definitions is only in condition 3. When the extension is a partial order, condition 3 need not be stated explicitly, since it follows from condition 2. Proof: suppose that and not . By condition 2, . By reflexivity, "not " implies that . Since is a part |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P.%20A.%20Venkatachalam | Paruvachi Ammasai Venkatachalam is an Indian academic.
Career
Venkatachalam is among the first 3 people to do a PhD in Computer Science in India when Doctoral Degree in Computer Science was introduced in India for the first time by Professor Vaidyeswaran Rajaraman at Indian Institute of Technology Kanpur in 1968-69 and he was part of this batch. After obtaining his PhD degree, he joined the Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering of College of Engineering, Guindy, Chennai, India as a faculty member in 1973 and served as the Professor and Head of that department from 1978-1987. During this period, he introduced a number of Bachelor's and Master's courses. In 1978, he founded the Department of Computer Science at College of Engineering, Guindy which is the first Computer Science department among all Engineering Colleges in Tamil Nadu State. He was the Professor and Head of that department also in addition to Electronics and Communications Engineering department until 1987. During this period he introduced Bachelor of Science in Computer Science and Master of Computer Applications (MCA) degrees in Tamil Nadu State. Venkatachalam is the first to introduce industrial training programs for Bachelor's and Master's students by collaborating with well known industries in Tamil Nadu state. He then founded the School of Computer Science and Engineering at College of Engineering, Guindy in 1986, of which he was the first Director and Professor until 1988. He then moved t |
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/V.%20K.%20Samaranayake | Vidya Jyothi V. K. Samaranayake, MBCS, MCS(SL), FNASSL, MIEEE (Sinhala:වී.කේ.සමරනායක) (1939 – 6 June 2007) pioneered computing & IT development industry and usage in Sri Lanka and thus considered as the "Father of Information Technology" in Sri Lanka. He was a Professor of Computer Science and former Dean of the Faculty of Science, University of Colombo. Prof Samaranayake played a major role in the development of IT and IT related education in Sri Lanka. He was at the time of his death the chairman of the Information and Communication Technology Agency (ICTA) of Sri Lanka and was the founding and former director of the University of Colombo School of Computing (UCSC).
Early life and education
Samaranayake was born to Mr. and Mrs. V. W. Samaranayake on 22 May 1939. He started his primary schooling at Ananda College and completed his secondary education with distinction at the Royal College Colombo and went on to do his higher studies at the University of Ceylon. He graduated with a BSc in Special Mathematics (First Class Honors) in 1961 and then proceeded to England for his post-graduate studies on a Ceylon Government Scholarship for Mathematics. He received a Diploma of Imperial College from Imperial College and a PhD from King's College London, both in the field of Mathematical Physics.
Family
Samaranayake was married to Sriya Samaranayake, who was the former Deputy Commissioner, Inland Revenue Department. His brother was V. A. Samaranayake Professor at the University of M |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.