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Parantaka II (r. 958 – 973 CE) was a Chola emperor. He is also known as Sundara Chola as he was considered an epitome of male beauty. He was the son of Arinjaya Chola and queen Kalyani, a princess of Vaidumba family. Parantaka II ascended the Chola throne despite the fact that his cousin Madurantaka Uttama Chola, the son of Gandaraditya Chola (the elder brother of Arinjaya Chola) was alive and he had equal if not more claim to the Chola throne. During his reign, Parantaka Sundara Chola defeated the Pandyas and Ceylon and then recaptured the Tondaimandalam from Rashtrakutas.
When Parantaka II became king, the Chola kingdom had shrunk to the size of a small principality. The Pandyas in the south had revived their fortunes and had defeated the Chola armies and occupied their ancestral lands.
During Parantaka II's reign, the foundations were laid for the success of the Chola Empire a generation later. A few territories in the north were recovered. The Pandyan ruler Vira Pandya was defeated and Madurai was taken. An expedition was made to gain control of Sri Lanka but it was not successful.Parantaka II waged war against Rashtrakutas and successfully regained Tondaimandalam.
Early life
According to the Anbil plates Arinjaya was succeeded by his son. After coming to power Sundara Chola aka Parantaka II first directed his attention to the south against Vira Pandya, who had repulsed Gandaraditya's attempt to restore Chola supremacy in the Pandya country.
Pandyan War
Immediately after becoming king, Parantaka II's attention was directed towards the growing strength of the Pandyas in the south. Vira Pandya, having repulsed Gandaraditya's attempts to restore Chola supremacy in the Pandyan kingdom, was ruling as an independent potentate. The invading Chola army met the Pandyas at Chevur.
The Leyden copperplate inscriptions tell us in that war, "Parantaka II caused rivers of blood to flow". Other inscriptions mention that Parantaka and his young son, Aditya Karikalan (also referred to as Aditha II) defeated Vira Pandya and made him flee to the hills surrounding the battlefield. The young son Aditha, who took to the battlefield at the age of "twelve" and who was a "very abhimanyu" in valour, is profusely praised for having conducted himself in battlefield with as much ease as he was at "military training sessions".
It is also possible that Aditya Karikalan killed Vira Pandya in that battle. Aditha's inscriptions use the epithet "Vira Pandyan Thalai Konda Adithha Karikalan" - "...took the head of Vira Pandya". After the battle of Chevur, Parantaka II's armies continued their thrust into the Pandya country. The Pandya king had the Sinhalese king Mahinda IV as his ally and the Lankan troops supported the Pandya army in the battlefield c. 959 CE. Parantaka II's armies also invaded Lanka to neutralise this support. The especially wicked nature of this coalition is noted by chola panegyrists to be "wicked force of age of kali, that were duly uprooted by the king.". As a procedure for de-recognizing the rogue kingdoms Parantaka II also seized the royal insignia of pandyans like fish emblem, throne, gem studded crown and ancient pearl necklace.
Sundara Chola called himself Maduraikonda Rajakesari, that is the Royal Lion who took Madurai and Madhurantaka (destroyer of Madurai) in order to commemorate his victories over the Pandyas.
Although the Chola armies won the battle, the war was still not won. Parantaka II did not succeed in re-establishing the Chola power over the Pandya lands.
Success against Rashtrakutas (Recovery of Tondaimandalam)
Parantaka II next concentrated in his war against Rashtrakutas. Some documents provide an interesting account of military acumen and gallantry exhibited during the war by a certain chola commander belonging to one of the 98 divisions of troop velaikkaras. The commander who is praised to be a devotee at feet of lord at thillai and who was "a very murugan at war", is credited to have on two occasions almost singlehandedly pulverized big battalions of the enemy thereby causing their defeat. This commander who is glorified in these deccan wars is at the instance of lord finally given up his uniform to become a saint at tirruvottriyur and take the name ottriyur atikalar there upon producing some very good works on saiva siddantam prior to attaining lord's beatitude.
Sri Lankan Expedition
Sundara Chola Parantaka also waged war against the Sinhala ruler in Sri Lanka. The expedition was led by many of his generals and his relative the Irukkuvel chief Parantaka Siriyavelar. However this expedition did not end well for the Cholas as both Siriyavelar and the Chola King's brother in law, the Bana chief as well as the generals were all killed in battle.
Aditya II’s (Karikala's) Assassination
Parantaka II's last days appear to have been clouded by a personal tragedy, as his son and parakesi Aditya II was assassinated by a group of conspirators. The Udayarkudi inscription, made by one Bharathan alias Vyazha Gajamallan, names Soman, Ravidasan alias Panchavan Brahmadirajan and Paramesvaran alias Irumudi Chola Brahmadirajan as the conspirators/traitors responsible for the assassination.
There is also a conjecture by one R.V. Srinivasan made in 1971 that Rajaraja I and his sister Kundavai were responsible for the killing. However, no physical evidence to support this claim has been found to date.
Uttama’s ascension
After the assassination of Aditya II, it seems that Uttama forced Parantaka II to make him the heir-apparent. Arulmozhivarman (or Rajaraja I), Parantaka II's second son did not protest, anxious to avoid a civil war. It was apparently part of the compromise that Uttama was to succeed the throne only if he accepted to be succeeded, not by his own children but by Arulmozhivarman. The Thiruvalangadu copperplate inscription states that Madhurantaka Uttama Chola made Arulmozhi the heir-apparent.
Parantaka II's death and legacy
Parantaka II, heart broken by the personal tragedy died in Kanchipuram at his golden palace (c. 980 CE). He was thereafter known as "Pon maligai thunjina thevar" – "the king who died in the golden palace". Parantaka II continued the chola legacy of absolutely professional and democratic management. This is seen from many inscriptions of his and his illustrious son Aditya II, which describe reforms carried out professionally at universities, councils, military and navy. Parantaka was well supported by his management councillors. Thus we know from an inscription of his how a certain Aniruddha Brahmarayan who was a follower of jaiminiya sutra of samaveda(jaiminiya sutrattu aniruddha bhramarayar) and who was a "servitor at the feet of lord of river girt arankam(srirangam),i.e lord vishnu", who belonged to royal council being felicitated for selfless service.
One of his queens, Vanavanmahadevi, a princess from the clan of Malaiyaman, committed suicide by jumping into the fire, inspite for serval oppositions by the noble men at the king's death and her image was perhaps installed at the Thanjavur Temple by her daughter Kundavai. Another queen, a Chera princess survived him until 1001 CE.
During Parantaka II's reign, literature Tamil received encouragement. The Buddhist work on Tamil grammar, Virasoliyam eulogises him as a patron of letters and of Buddhism. The eulogy furnishes evidence for the friendly relationship between the Chola monarchs and the Buddhists.
Inscriptions
The following is an inscription of Parantaka II from the Sivayoginathar Temple in Thiruvisanallur,
The term foremost in the family of the king Pirantaka's daughter indicates the alliance between the Chola and Irukkuvel families and the chief Siriyavela might have been the King's son-in-law or his daughter's father-in-law.
Here is another inscription of Parantaka II from the Vedapureeswarar temple in Tiruverkadu (north wall of the central shrine),
In popular culture
Sundara Chola, forms a main character in Kalki Krishnamurthy’s 1955 historical fiction novel Ponniyin Selvan. In his story, Kalki imagines Parantaka II to be a powerless ruler - handicapped by a debilitating illness. He is caught between opposing forces of his love for his children and his dependence on powerful courtiers.
Indian actor Prakash Raj plays his role in Ponniyin Selvan: I, Ponniyin Selvan: II which was directed by Mani Ratnam which is based on Kalki's novel.
Notes
References
Nilakanta Sastri, K. A. (1935). The CōĻas, University of Madras, Madras (Reprinted 1984).
Nilakanta Sastri, K. A. (1955). A History of South India, OUP, New Delhi (Reprinted 2002).
Early Chola temples: Parantaka I to Rajaraja I, A.D. 907-985 By S. R. Balasubrahmanyam
Journal of Indian museums, Volumes 14-16 By Museums Association of India
A Topographical List of Inscriptions in the Tamil Nadu and Kerala States: Nilgiris District, Pudukkottai District, Ramanathapuram District, Salem District By T. V. Mahalingam
Chola emperors
970s deaths
Year of birth uncertain
10th-century Indian monarchs
10th-century Hindus | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parantaka%20II |
The Wilson Sisters may refer to:
Jane and Louise Wilson, British artists, often known as part of the Young British Artists (YBA) generation
Ann and Nancy Wilson, the only constant members of the rock band Heart
Brittany and Tiffany Wilson, the sisters impersonated by Shawn and Marlon Wayans in the movie White Chicks
Carnie and Wendy Wilson, members of the pop group Wilson Phillips
The Wilsons (album), recorded with Brian Wilson
Vicki, Kelly, and Amanda Wilson, three New Zealand equestrian sisters famous for taming Kaimanawa horses
See also
Bad Animals Studio | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Wilson%20Sisters |
Lascelles Brown (born October 12, 1974 in May Pen) is a Jamaican-born Canadian bobsledder who has competed for three countries since starting his career in 1999. Competing in three Winter Olympics, he is the first Jamaican-born athlete to win a Winter Olympic medal.
Brown was a member of the Jamaica national bobsled team from 1999 to 2004, competing at the 2002 Winter Olympics in Salt Lake City, as a brakeman for Winston Watt. The Jamaican duo set the track push record during those games. He continued training for bobsleigh at Calgary's Canada Olympic Park, where he met and married his wife Kara, a Canadian. As of 2011, they have three daughters and a son together.
He applied for Canadian citizenship on July 28, 2005; it was awarded to him by special exemption just prior to the 2006 Winter Olympics, enabling him to compete for Canada at the games in Turin. Brown is currently acting as the brakeman for Lyndon Rush in both the 2-man and 4-man event. Brown competed at the 2010 Winter Olympics together with Rush on their home track at the Whistler Sliding Centre, winning bronze in the four-man event. Brown had previously been competing with North America's most decorated bobsleigh pilot Pierre Lueders but the two had a falling out and no longer compete together. Brown recently said that "I'd only do it if Jesus asked" when questioned if he would ever compete with Lueders again.
Bobsleigh Canada coach Gerd Grimme described Brown as one of the top three brakesmen in the world, along with Beat Hefti of Switzerland and Germany's Kevin Kuske.
Beginning the 2010 season Brown became a competitor for Monaco, and was partnered with Monégasque Patrice Servelle. He stopped representing Monaco, returning as a competitor for Canada in 2012.
Results
In the 2004–2005 season, Pierre Lueders and Brown won a world title, five World Cup medal finishes in two-man and three medal finishes in four-man.
In the 2006 Olympic Games, Lueders and Brown won a silver medal in the two-man event. Brown also has a complete set of medals at the FIBT World Championships with gold in the two-man event (2005), a silver in the four-man event (2007) and a bronze in the four-man event (2005).
In the 2010 Olympic Winter Games held in Vancouver, BC Lascelles Brown won the bronze medal along with his teammates Lyndon Rush, Chris Le Bihan and David Bissett.
References
External links
USA Today February 23, 2006 article on Brown's silver medal.
Bobsleigh two-man world championship medalists since 1931
Bobsleigh two-man Olympic medalists 1932–56 and since 1964
Bobsleigh four-man world championship medalists since 1930
1974 births
Bobsledders at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Bobsledders at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Bobsledders at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Bobsledders at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Bobsledders at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Canadian male bobsledders
Monegasque male bobsledders
Naturalized citizens of Canada
Jamaican male bobsledders
Jamaican emigrants to Canada
Sportspeople from Clarendon Parish, Jamaica
Olympic bobsledders for Canada
Olympic bobsledders for Jamaica
Olympic silver medalists for Canada
Olympic bronze medalists for Canada
Olympic medalists in bobsleigh
Medalists at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Black Canadian sportspeople
Living people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lascelles%20Brown |
Gradenigo's syndrome, also called Gradenigo-Lannois syndrome, is a complication of otitis media and mastoiditis involving the apex of the petrous temporal bone. It was first described by Giuseppe Gradenigo in 1904.
Symptoms
Components of the syndrome include:
retroorbital pain due to pain in the area supplied by the ophthalmic branch of the trigeminal nerve (fifth cranial nerve),
abducens nerve palsy (sixth cranial nerve)
otitis media
Other symptoms can include photophobia, excessive lacrimation, fever, and reduced corneal sensitivity. The syndrome is classically caused by the spread of an infection into the petrous apex of the temporal bone.
Diagnosis
The constellation of symptoms was first described as a consequence of severe, advanced ear infection which has spread to a central portion of the temporal bone of the skull. This type of presentation was common prior to development of antibiotic treatments, and is now a rare complication.
In persons with longstanding ear infection and typical symptoms, medical imaging such as CT or MRI of the head may show changes that confirm disease involvement of the petrous apex of temporal bone.
Treatment
The medical treatment is done with antibiotics: ceftriaxone plus metronidazole (which covers anaerobic bacteria). Depending on the duration of the infection, the severity, and which complications have arisen, it may also be necessary to perform surgery. Due to critical structures that block surgical access, it is not possible to completely remove the petrous apex. The focus is therefore on providing adequate drainage of the affected air cells.
Eponym
It is named after Count Giuseppe Gradenigo, an Italian Otolaryngologist, and Maurice Lannois.
References
External links
Diseases of middle ear and mastoid
Syndromes
Medical triads
Syndromes affecting the nervous system | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gradenigo%27s%20syndrome |
The Assistant Secretary of State for International Organization Affairs is the head of the Bureau of International Organization Affairs within the United States Department of State that creates and executes policy in international organizations such as the United Nations. The U.S. Department of State created the position of Assistant Secretary of State for United Nations Affairs in February 1949, using one of the six Assistant secretary positions originally authorized by Congress in 1944. On August 25, 1954, a Department administrative action changed the incumbent's designation to Assistant Secretary of State for International Organization Affairs. The current head of the Bureau is Ambassador Michele J. Sison.
Assistant Secretaries of State for International Organization Affairs
References
United States and the United Nations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Assistant%20Secretary%20of%20State%20for%20International%20Organization%20Affairs |
The Broadview Hawks was an Australian rules football club based in the Broadview area of Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
The club has made Grand Final appearances in 1996, 1999, 2006 and 2012. The Hawks won the premiership in 2013 and 2014.
History
The club was an inaugural member of the Ontario Australian Football League , originally known as the North York Hawks and playing out of the North York area.
In the mid-1990s, the club relocated to the Broadview area and changed the club name.
While enjoying significant onfield success in the mid 2010s where they played in three successive Grand Finals, and won two premierships, the club was perhaps best known for its offield antics, including overnight costume party trips to Ottawa when playing the OAFL team Ottawa Swans, regularly testing the patience of the manager of sponsor pub The Fox and Fiddle on the Danforth, and legendary end of season trips to Cancun, Mexico.
See also
References
External links
Australian rules football clubs in Toronto
Australian rules football clubs in Canada
1989 establishments in Ontario
Australian rules football clubs established in 1989 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Broadview%20Hawks |
This is a list of high schools in Melbourne, Australia.
A
Ave Maria College, Melbourne
Avila College
B
Bacchus Marsh Grammar
Balwyn High School
Bayswater Secondary College
Beaconhills College
Belgrave Heights Christian School
Bentleigh Secondary College
Berwick Secondary College
Beth Rivkah Ladies College
Bialik College
Billanook College
Blackburn High School
Boronia Heights College
Box Forest Secondary College
Box Hill High School
Box Hill Senior Secondary College
Braybrook College
Brentwood Secondary College
Brighton Grammar School
Brighton Secondary College
Brimbank College
Broadmeadows Secondary College
Brunswick Secondary College
Buckley Park College
Bundoora Secondary College
C
Camberwell Girls Grammar School
Camberwell Grammar School
Camberwell High School
Canterbury Girls' Secondary College
Carey Baptist Grammar School
Caroline Springs College
Caroline Chisholm Catholic College, Melbourne
Carrum Downs Secondary College
Carwatha College, Melbourne
Catholic Ladies' College
Catholic Regional College (Sydenham)
Caulfield Grammar School
Chandler Secondary College
Cheltenham Secondary College
Christian Brothers College
Cleeland Secondary College
Coburg High School
Collingwood College, Victoria
Coomoora Secondary College
Copperfield College
Cornish College
Craigieburn Secondary College
Cranbourne Christian College
Cranbourne Secondary College
Croydon Secondary College
D
Dandenong High School
De La Salle College (Australia)
Debney Park Secondary College
Deer Park Secondary College
Diamond Valley College
Distance Education Centre, Victoria
Doncaster Secondary College
Doveton Secondary College
Dromana Secondary College
Darul Ulum College of Victoria
E
East Doncaster Secondary College
East Preston Islamic College
Elisabeth Murdoch College
Eltham College
Eltham High School
Elwood College
Emerald Secondary College
Emmaus College
Emmanual College (Point Cook)
Epping Secondary College
Erinbank Secondary College
Essendon Keilor College
Eumemmerring College
F
Fairhills High School
Fawkner College
Ferntree Gully College
Fintona Girls' School
Firbank Girls' Grammar School
Fitzroy High School
Flinders Christian Community College
Footscray City College
Forest Hill College
Frankston High School
Fountain Gate Secondary College
G
Galvin Park Secondary College
Genazzano FCJ College
Gilmore College for Girls
Gilson College
Gladstone Park Secondary College
Glen Eira College
Glen Waverley Secondary College
Greensborough Secondary College
Galen Catholic College
Gleneagles Secondary College
H
Haileybury College, Melbourne
Hampton Park Secondary College
Hawthorn Secondary College
Hays International College
Healesville High School
Heathdale Christian College
Heatherhill Secondary College
Heatherton Christian College
Heathmont College
Highvale Secondary College
Hillcrest Christian College
Hillcrest Secondary College
Hoppers Crossing Secondary College
Huntingtower School
Harboury school
HollyJoan Secondary College
Hume Central Secondary College
I
Ilim College of Australia
Isik College
Ivanhoe Girls' Grammar School
Ivanhoe Grammar School
ICA Casey College
J
John Paul College
John Monash Science School
K
Kamaruka
Kambrya College
Kurunjang Secondary College
Karingal Park Secondary College
Kealba Secondary College
Keilor Downs College
Kew High School
Kilbreda College
Killester College
Kilvington Baptist Girls' Grammar School
King Khalid Islamic College
Kingswood College
Koonung Secondary College
Kolbe Catholic College
Korowa Anglican Girls' School
Kurunjang Secondary College
Keysborough College
L
La Trobe Secondary College
Lakeside Secondary College
Lakeview Senior College
Lalor North Secondary College
Lalor Secondary College
Lauriston Girls' School
Laverton Secondary College
Leibler Yavneh College
Lighthouse Christian College
Lilydale Adventist Academy
Lilydale Heights College
Lilydale High School
Loreto Mandeville Hall
Lowther Hall Anglican Grammar School
Loyola College, Melbourne
Luther College (Victoria)
Lynall Hall Community School
Lyndale Secondary College
Lyndhurst Secondary College
M
Mackillop Catholic Regional College
Macleod College
Mac.Robertson Girls' High School
Maranatha Christian School
Marcellin College
Marian College (Sunshine West)
Maribyrnong Secondary College
Maroondah Secondary College
Mater Christi College
Mazenod College
McClelland Secondary College
McKinnon Secondary College
Melbourne Girls' College
Melbourne Girls' Grammar School
Melbourne Grammar School
Melbourne High School
Melbourne Rudolf Steiner School
Melton Christian College
Melton Secondary College
Mentone Girls' Grammar School
Mentone Girls' Secondary College
Mentone Grammar School
Mercy Diocesan College
Merrilands College
Methodist Ladies' College
Mill Park Secondary College
Minaret College
Monash Secondary College
Monbulk College
Monterey Secondary College
Montmorency Secondary College
Mooroolbark College
Mordialloc Secondary College
Mornington Secondary College
Mount Eliza Secondary College
Mount Erin College
Mount Evelyn Christian School
Mount Lilydale Mercy College
Mount Scopus Memorial College
Mount St Joseph Girls' College
Mount Waverley Secondary College
Mountain District Christian School
Mowbray at Brookside
Mowbray College
Mullauna College
N
Narre Warren South College
Nazareth College, Melbourne
New Generation College
Niddrie Secondary College
Noble Park Secondary College
Northcote High School
Northland Secondary College
Northside Christian College
Norwood Secondary College
Nossal High School
Nunawading Christian College
O
Oakleigh Greek Orthodox College
Our Lady of Mercy College
Our Lady of Sacred Heart College
Our Lady of Sion College
Overnewton Anglican Community College
Oxley College (Chirnside Park, Victoria)
Ozford College
P
Padua College, Melbourne
Pakenham Secondary College
Parade College
Parkdale Secondary College
Parkwood Secondary College
Pascoe Vale Girls' Secondary College
Patterson River Secondary College
Pembroke Secondary College
Penleigh and Essendon Grammar School
Penola Catholic College
Peter Lalor Secondary College
Plenty Valley Christian College
Plenty Valley Christian School
Presbyterian Ladies' College, Melbourne
Presentation College, Melbourne
Preshil, The Margaret Lyttle Memorial School
Preston Girls' Secondary College
Princes Hill Secondary College
R
Reservoir District Secondary College
Ringwood Secondary College
Rosebud Secondary College
Rowville Secondary College
Roxburgh College
Ruyton Girls' School
S
Sacré Cœur School
Sacred Heart College, Oakleigh
Sacred Heart Girls' College
Salesian College
Samaritan Catholic College
Sandringham College
Santa Maria College
Saltwater College
Scoresby Secondary College
Scotch College, Melbourne
Shelford Anglican Girls' School
Shelford Girls Grammar School
Sherbrooke Community School
Siena College
Simonds Catholic College
sirius college
South Oakleigh Secondary College
Sophia Mundi Steiner School
Southwood Boys' Grammar School
Springvale Secondary College
St Albans Secondary College
St Aloysius' College
St Andrew's Christian College
St Anthony's Coptic Orthodox College
St Bede's College (Mentone)
St. Bernard's College, Melbourne
St Catherine's School, Toorak
St. Columba's College, Melbourne
St Francis Xavier College, Melbourne
St Helena Secondary College
St John's Greek Orthodox College
St John's Regional College
St. Joseph's College, Melbourne
St. Joseph's College, Ferntree Gully
St. Kevin's College, Melbourne
St Leonards College
St Margaret's School, Melbourne
St Mary's College
St Michael's Grammar School
St Monica's College
St Paul's Anglican Grammar School
St. Paul's College, Melbourne
St Peter's College, Cranbourne
St Thomas Aquinas College
Star of the Sea College
Staughton College
Stott's College
Strathcona Baptist Girls' Grammar School
Strathmore Secondary College
Sunbury College
Sunbury Downs Secondary College
Sunshine College
Sunshine Harvester Technical College
Swinburne Senior Secondary College
Sydney Road Community School
T
Taylors College, Melbourne
Taylors Lakes Secondary College
Tarneit senior college
Templestowe College
The Grange P-12 College
The Islamic Schools Of Victoria
The King David School
The Knox School
The Meridian International School
The Peninsula School
Thomas Carr College
Thomastown Secondary College
Thornbury High School
Tintern Girls Grammar School
Toorak College
[[Trinity Grammar School, Victoria
U
University High School, Melbourne
Upper Yarra Secondary College
Upwey High School
V
Vermont Secondary College
Victorian College for the Deaf
Victorian College of the Arts Secondary School
Viewbank College
Victoria University Secondary College -Brimbank Campus
Victoria University Secondary College - Deer Park Campus
W
Wantirna College
Warrandyte High School
Waverley Christian College
Wellington Secondary College
Werribee Secondary College
Wesley College, Melbourne
Westall Secondary College
Western Port Secondary College
Wheelers Hill Secondary College
Whitefriars College
Whittlesea Secondary College
Williamstown High School
William Ruthven Secondary College
Woodleigh School
Wesley Hill College
X
Xavier College
Y
Yarra Valley Grammar School
Yeshivah College
Yarra Hills Secondary, Mooroolbark
See also
List of schools in Australia
List of schools in Victoria
List of high schools in Victoria
References
High schools
High schools in Melbourne | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20high%20schools%20in%20Melbourne |
Zhang Shaozeng (; Wade-Giles Chang Shao-ts'eng) (9 October 1879 – 21 March 1928) was a Beiyang Army general in charge of the 20th Division.
Biography
He was born in Zhili province and graduated from a Japanese military academy in 1901. He was a known radical who advocated constitutional monarchy and supported Wu Luzhen's mutiny during the Xinhai Revolution. He became the Progressive Party boss of Tianjin.
In 1912, he secured the loyalty of the Inner Mongolian tribes to Yuan Shikai. He broke with Yuan during the National Protection War and was one of the first to fight against Zhang Xun's attempt to restore the Qing dynasty in 1917.
He became affiliated with Cao Kun's Zhili clique and ruled Rehe. He and Wu Peifu advocated the return of the original National Assembly. He served as Li Yuanhong's premier in 1923. He opposed Cao and Wu's plan to invade Guangdong to defeat Sun Yatsen's rival government, preferring to negotiate unification. His tenure as premier in the Beiyang government was marked by greed and self-glorification and he was forced to flee to the British legation in Tianjin after his resignation.
In 1928, he was assassinated by Zhang Zuolin after he was found to have contacts with the Guominjun and Kuomintang.
1879 births
1928 deaths
People of the 1911 Revolution
Premiers of the Republic of China
Republic of China Army generals
Republic of China politicians from Hebei
Politicians from Langfang
Progressive Party (China) politicians
Generals from Hebei
Assassinated Chinese politicians
20th-century assassinated Chinese politicians
1920s assassinated politicians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhang%20Shaozeng |
The Etobicoke Kangaroos is an amateur Australian Football club based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada. They are members of the AFL Ontario.
The club made a surprise Grand Final appearance in 2003 (their first year of competition) and lost to the Toronto Dingos. The Kangaroos lost to the Toronto Eagles in the 2007 and 2009 Grand Final. In 2008, the Kangaroos defeated Toronto to post their first OAFL premiership. The Kangaroos won back-to-back Premierships in 2011 (vs High Park) and in 2012 (vs Broadview Hawks). The Kangaroos won two premierships in season 2015, adding their fourth division 1 premiership by defeating the Toronto Eagles and their first Women's premiership after the Lady Roos defeated the Hamilton Wildcats. In 2016, the men's team suffered two defeats in a row in the finals, crashing out of a Preliminary Final against the Toronto Rebels. The Lady Roos went won the 2016, 2017, and 2018 premierships.
External links
Ontario Australian Football League clubs
Australian rules football clubs in Toronto
Australian rules football clubs in Canada
Etobicoke
2003 establishments in Ontario
Australian rules football clubs established in 2003 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etobicoke%20Kangaroos |
In English phonology, t-glottalization or t-glottalling''' is a sound change in certain English dialects and accents, particularly in the United Kingdom, that causes the phoneme to be pronounced as the glottal stop in certain positions. It is never universal, especially in careful speech, and it most often alternates with other allophones of such as , , (before a nasal), (before a lateral), or .
As a sound change, it is a subtype of debuccalization. The pronunciation that it results in is called glottalization. Apparently, glottal reinforcement, which is quite common in English, is a stage preceding full replacement of the stop, and indeed, reinforcement and replacement can be in free variation.
History
The earliest mentions of the process are in Scotland during the 19th century, when Henry Sweet commented on the phenomenon. Peter Trudgill has argued that it began in Norfolk, based on studies of rural dialects of those born in the 1870s. The SED fieldworker Peter Wright found it in areas of Lancashire and said, "It is considered a lazy habit, but may have been in some dialects for hundreds of years."
Most early English dialectology focussed on rural areas, so it is hard to establish how long the process has existed in urban areas. It has long been seen as a feature of Cockney dialect, and a 1955 study on Leeds dialect wrote that it occurred with "monotonous regularity" before consonants and often between vowel sounds. David Crystal claims that the sound can be heard in Received Pronunciation (RP) speakers from the early 20th century such as Daniel Jones, Bertrand Russell and Ellen Terry. The Cambridge English Pronouncing Dictionary claims that t-glottalization is now most common in London, Leeds, Edinburgh, and Glasgow.
Uniquely for English in the West Indies, Barbadian English uses a glottal allophone for /t/, and also less frequently for /k/ and /p/.
Glottal reinforcement (pre-glottalization)
Pre-glottalization of is found in RP and General American (GA) when the consonant occurs before another consonant, or before a pause:
pre-consonantal: get some lightning at last
final (pre-pausal): wait bat about
The glottal closure overlaps with the consonant that it precedes, but the articulatory movements involved can usually be observed only by using laboratory instruments. In words such as 'eaten' and 'button', pronounced with a glottal closure, it is generally almost impossible to know whether the has been pronounced (e.g. , ) or omitted (e.g. , ).
However, in the same syllable coda position, /t/ may instead be analyzed as an unreleased stop.
In some accents of English, may be pre-glottalized intervocalically if it occurs finally in a stressed syllable. In the north-east of England and East Anglia, pronunciations such as 'paper' , 'happy' are found.
There is variation in the occurrence of glottalization within RP according to which consonant follows : for example, some speakers do not glottalize when follows, in words such as 'petrol' /ˈpɛtrəl/, 'mattress' /ˈmætrəs/.
T-glottalization rarely occurs syllable-initially in English but has been reported in some words that begin in some northern dialects.Docherty, Foulkes, Milroy, Milroy and Walshaw (1997) Descriptive adequacy in phonology in Journal of Linguistics 33, p. 290
Glottal replacement
In RP, and in many accents such as Cockney, it is common for to be completely replaced by a glottal stop before another consonant, as in not now and department . This replacement also happens before a syllabic , as in button (representable as ) and some pronunciations of pattern (representable as ).
Among speakers of Britain, especially younger ones, glottal replacement of is frequently heard in intervocalic position before an unstressed vowel. It is most common between a stressed vowel and a reduced vowel ():
getting better (in GA, this is );
societies , detail (these are slightly less likely to be glottalized).
In both RP and GA, -replacement is found in absolute final position:
let's start
what or
foot T-glottalization is believed to have been spreading in Southern England at a faster rate than th-fronting. Cruttenden comments that "Use of for word-medially intervocalically, as in water, still remains stigmatised in GB." (GB is his alternative term for RP). The increased use of glottal stops within RP is believed to be an influence from Cockney and other working-class urban speech. In a 1985 publication on the speech of West Yorkshire, KM Petyt found that t-glottalization was spreading from Bradford (where it had been reported in traditional dialect) to Halifax and Huddersfield (where it had not been reported in traditional dialect). In 1999, Shorrocks noted the phenomenon amongst young people in Bolton, Greater Manchester: "It is not at all typical of the traditional vernacular, in contradistinction to some other varieties of English, but younger people use medially between vowels more than their elders."
Recent studies (Milroy, Milroy & Walshaw 1994, Fabricius 2000) have suggested that t-glottalization is increasing in RP speech. Prince Harry frequently glottalizes his ts. One study carried out by Anne Fabricius suggests that t-glottalization is increasing in RP, the reason for this being the dialect levelling of the Southeast. She has argued that a wave-like profile of t-glottalization has been going on through the regions, which has begun with speakers in London, due to the influence of Cockney. She says that this development is due to the population size of the capital, as well as London's dominance of the Southeast of England. However, Miroslav Ježek has argued that linguists attribute changes to London too readily, and that the evidence suggests that t-glottalization began in Scotland and worked its way down gradually to London.
North American dialects
While appearance is generally more restricted than Cockney, American and Canadian English accents feature t-glottalization, heard in the following contexts:
Word finally or before a syllabic
Latin ,
Important
(Less commonly) across word boundaries.
"Right ankle"
"That apple" T''-glottalization, especially at word boundaries, is considered both a geographic and sociolinguistic phenomenon, with rates increasing both in the western U.S. and in younger female speakers.
See also
Glottalization
Regional accents of English speakers
Unreleased stop
References
English phonology | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/T-glottalization |
Atilax is a genus of mongoose containing a single living species, the marsh mongoose (Atilax paludinosus). A single fossil species probably ancestral to the marsh mongoose is also known from South Africa.
The generic name Atilax was introduced in 1826 by Frédéric Cuvier.
They are solitary, nocturnal, and semi-aquatic mammals that inhabits wetlands and feeds on fish, crustaceans, frogs, and small mammals.
References
Mammal genera
Mammal genera with one living species
Taxa named by Frédéric Cuvier
Mongooses | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atilax |
The Grand River Gargoyles (previously Guelph Gargoyles) is an amateur Australian rules football club playing out of Margaret Greene Park in Guelph, Ontario, Canada. The club draws from individuals from Guelph, Kitchener, Waterloo, Cambridge, Milton and other Southwestern Ontario cities.
They are the only Aussie Rules club to represent the region. The club began in 2001 and plays in the AFL Ontario along with 9 other clubs from Toronto, Hamilton and Ottawa.
References
External links
Official Grand River Gargoyles website
Sport in Guelph
Australian rules football clubs in Canada
Ontario Australian Football League clubs
2001 establishments in Ontario
Australian rules football clubs established in 2001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand%20River%20Gargoyles |
In some Scottish universities, a Master of Arts (MA; , ) is the holder of a degree awarded to undergraduates, usually as a first degree. It follows either a three-year general or four-year Honours degree course in humanities or social sciences and is awarded by one of several institutions.
Chiefly, these are the ancient universities of Scotland — St Andrews, Glasgow, Aberdeen, and Edinburgh. Other institutions which provide undergraduate programmes leading to an MA degree include the University of Dundee, because of its history as a constituent college of the University of St Andrews, or Heriot-Watt University at honours level only.
The first two years of a Scottish Master of Arts course consist of ordinary Bachelor level courses; however, after these, students who are accepted to pursue the Honours route will complete more advanced subjects and write a dissertation in their fourth year. Students who choose to do a "general" degree will complete their third year at a lower level of specialisation, and receive a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree or MA without Honours. For the postgraduate degree referred to in other places as "Master of Arts", Scottish universities usually award the degree of Master of Letters (MLitt) or Master of Science (MSc). Generally, non-ancient universities in Scotland (e.g. University of Strathclyde, The Robert Gordon University, Edinburgh Napier University, etc.), award arts degrees as Bachelor of Arts.
Subjects awarded
At these ancient Scottish universities, the degree of Master of Arts (MA) is usually awarded only in the liberal arts, the humanities, the fine arts, the social sciences and theology. For some science subjects, the degree of Bachelor of Science (BSc) is awarded for four years of study and that of Bachelor of Laws (LLB) after a four-year course in law. Both of these can be awarded with honours after four years or as ordinary or designated degrees after three years. An LLB can also be awarded in two years on an accelerated programme if the student has already obtained a first degree.
Degrees in some disciplines, such as psychology, can lead either to the degree of MA or that of BSc. For example, those studying psychology or management at the University of St Andrews or the University of Dundee may graduate MA or BSc, depending on whether they are a member of the Faculty of Arts or the Faculty of Sciences respectively. At the University of Aberdeen, students studying psychology are awarded an MA or a BSc, depending on which of the two they register for; while the psychology content is identical for both, the difference lies in the non-psychology constituent courses taken in the first and second years. Those on MA programmes study psychology alongside the lit arts (such as languages) or social sciences, while those on BSc programmes study pure sciences such as biology.
The Universities of Glasgow, Aberdeen, and Edinburgh also offer the degree of Bachelor of Divinity (BD) as a four-year course. This degree is offered at St Mary's College, St Andrews, but as a postgraduate degree for a graduate who is already a Master of Arts, while the undergraduate degree in divinity (theology) is designated Master of Theology (MTheol).
Newer undergraduate courses lead either to a bachelor's degree or to a master's degree in the advanced undergraduate degree scheme as above.
References
Education in Scotland
Master's degrees
Academic degrees of the United Kingdom | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Master%20of%20Arts%20%28Scotland%29 |
Andrew D. Bernstein is an American sports photographer.
Career
Bernstein grew up in Brooklyn and attended Brooklyn's Midwood High School.
His company, Andrew D. Bernstein Associates Photography, Inc. has served as the official photographer for most of Los Angeles's professional sports teams. Bernstein is in his 33rd consecutive season serving as the longest tenured NBA league photographer and official team photographer for the Lakers and Clippers. He also has been serving as the official team photographer for the Kings for the past 22 years. Bernstein also holds the title of Director of Photography for Crypto.com Arena and Nokia Theater LA Live since both of the buildings' ribbon cuttings in 1999 and 2007. Previously, Bernstein was the team photographer at the Dodgers from 1983–1994.
Bernstein has been photographer for the United States Olympic national basketball team since the 1992 "Dream Team", and has extensively covered all USA gold medal-winning teams since. Bernstein has worked commercially on advertising campaigns for Shaquille O'Neal, Kobe Bryant, Mia Hamm, LeBron James and many others for brands such as Nike, Reebok, Adidas, Pepsi, Coca-Cola and Icy Hot. His work has been showcased in many exhibitions over the years. He is only one of four photographers whose work is on permanent display at the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in Springfield, MA. Bernstein was inducted into the National Jewish Sports Hall of Fame in 2013.
Bernstein is the host of Through The Lens, which is a regular feature on the Lakers channel on Time Warner Cable SportsNet LA. It is a unique perspective of Lakers history through his photos that Bernstein hosts with a famous guest.
Books
Bryant, Kobe. The Mamba Mentality: How I Play. MCD, 2018.
References
External links
Andrew D. Bernstein Associates Photography
Andrew D. Bernstein at the Sports Shooter Academy
Through My Lens: The life of NBA Photographer
Living people
Artists from Brooklyn
American photojournalists
Artists from California
Jewish American artists
Sports photographers
National Basketball Association personnel
Midwood High School alumni
Journalists from New York City
People from San Marino, California
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century American Jews | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20D.%20Bernstein |
The Hamilton Wildcats are an Australian rules football team formed in 1990 in Canada. Their men's and women's teams currently compete in the AFL Ontario (AFLO).
History
The club was established in 1990 as the "Hamilton Wildcats AFC" by Bill Frampton, an entrepreneur who took an interest in Australian football. He was inspired on the rapid growth of other OAFL teams in the 1980s. After promoting and recruiting players, the team played their inaugural match in the 1990 summer season.
In July 1995 the Wildcats were invited to demonstrate the game of Australian rules football in front of 21,000 spectators during a half-time of a Canadian Football League match. After that, the club signed a contract to broadcast their home games on a local TV channel. The Wildcats were runner ups in the 1996 season.
A women's section was added to the club in 2012, also joining the OAFL. Seven years later, the women's team won their first premiership.
References
External links
Sports clubs and teams in Hamilton, Ontario
Australian rules football clubs in Canada
Ontario Australian Football League clubs
1990 establishments in Ontario
Australian rules football clubs established in 1990 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamilton%20Wildcats%20%28Australian%20rules%20football%29 |
Ralph Stöckli (born 23 July 1976 in Uzwil) is a Swiss curler from Lucerne.
Stöckli began a successful curling career at the junior level, winning a bronze medal at the World Junior Curling Championships as an alternate in 1994. In 1996, he was the Swiss skip and they won a silver medal, losing to James Dryburgh of Scotland. In 1997 Stöckli won the gold medal defeating Perttu Piilo of Finland in the final. Stöckli ended his junior career with a bronze in 1998.
After a 7th-place finish at the 2002 Ford World Curling Championship, Stöckli won a silver at the 2003 Ford World Curling Championship- losing to Canada's Randy Ferbey in the final.
Stöckli was the skip of the Swiss team at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy. The team finished just out of medal contention with a 5-4 record.
Stöckli was vice on the Swiss team (skipped by Andreas Schwaller) that won the 2006 European Curling Championship.
Stöckli announced his retirement from curling in 2010.
Teammates
2006 Torino Olympic Games
Claudio Pescia, Third
Pascal Sieber, Second
Marco Battilana, Lead
Simon Strübin, Alternate
2009 Moncton World Championships
2009 Aberdeen European Championships
2010 Vancouver Olympic Games
Jan Hauser, Third
Markus Eggler, Second
Simon Strübin, Lead
Toni Müller, Alternate
Notes
References
External links
Swiss male curlers
Curlers at the 2006 Winter Olympics
1976 births
Living people
Olympic curlers for Switzerland
Olympic bronze medalists for Switzerland
Curlers at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Olympic medalists in curling
Medalists at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Sportspeople from the canton of St. Gallen
European curling champions
21st-century Swiss people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ralph%20St%C3%B6ckli |
The High Park Demons (formerly known as the Mississauga Demons and Mississauga Mustangs) is an amateur Australian rules football club based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada.
History
The team began in 1989 as the Mississauga Mustangs, an inaugural member of the Canadian Australian Football Association.
On October 12, 1989, during half time of an exhibition match between the AFL teams Melbourne Demons and Geelong Football Club in Toronto, footy jumpers were presented to the team captain of the Mustangs.
Two days later the Mustangs were defeated by the Panthers 65 to 48, winning the inaugural Conacher Cup.
In 1999, the Brampton Wolverines disbanded due to a shortage of players, with the remaining players joining the Mississauga Mustangs.
In 2004, the team was renamed the Demons, and adopted the identity of the Melbourne Demons AFL club.
In 2007, the club relocated to High Park and changed their name.
OAFL Premierships
1994
External links
Australian rules football clubs in Toronto
Australian rules football clubs in Canada
Ontario Australian Football League clubs
1989 establishments in Ontario
Australian rules football clubs established in 1989 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High%20Park%20Demons |
Sacha Horler (born 1971) is an Australian actress. Her parents were lawyers, but co-founded Sydney's Nimrod Theatre Company in the early 1970s.
Career
Sacha Horler graduated from Sydney's National Institute of Dramatic Arts in 1993 and made her film debut two years later with a role in the music-themed comedy Billy's Holiday. Among her Sydney stage credits were featured roles in the one-act play collection Playgrounds (1996) and Harold Pinter's theater classic The Birthday Party (1997). In 1997, Horler was featured in the Australian-produced drama Blackrock, and the following year she appeared in the international hit Babe: Pig in the City.
Horler's breakthrough role was in the 1998 gritty drama Praise which featured a significant amount of nudity and sex scenes. In 1999, her follow-up supporting role in Soft Fruit required her to gain weight for the part. That same year she had a supporting role in the drama My Mother Frank.
Over the next ten years, Horler appeared in various roles in a number of Australian TV series. The more significant of these were the Australian Broadcasting Corporation comedy TV series Grass Roots in 2000 and 2003, the miniseries Changi in 2001, TV series drama CrashBurn and science fiction drama Farscape in 2003, and drama series headLand and the critically acclaimed Love My Way in 2006.
In 2009, Horler starred in the AFI-nominated Australian drama My Year Without Sex. Since then she has had recurring roles in a number of Australian drama series including Offspring in 2010, Small Time Gangster and legal drama Crownies in 2011, and the telemovie Beaconsfield in 2012.
Awards
Horler won two Australian Film Institute acting awards in 1999, winning Best Actress as a sexual obsessive in Praise, and Best Supporting Actress for her role in Soft Fruit. Horler also won Best Supporting Actress in 2003 for her role in Travelling Light.
Filmography
Film
Television
References
External links
Living people
Australian film actresses
Australian television actresses
Actresses from Sydney
National Institute of Dramatic Art alumni
Best Actress AACTA Award winners
Best Supporting Actress AACTA Award winners
1971 births
20th-century Australian actresses
21st-century Australian actresses | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacha%20Horler |
Stevenson Brook is a tributary of the Passaic River in Hawthorne, Passaic County, New Jersey in the United States.
Stevenson Brook is one half mile long and once flowed unobstructed from the Diamond Bridge Avenue area of Hawthorne south to the Passaic River, but a significant section of the brook was culvertized early in the twentieth century. Two portions of the brook now remain intact at the surface, running from Diamond Bridge Avenue to Royal Avenue and from Wagaraw Road to the Passaic River. The section south of Wagaraw Road is crossed by a pedestrian bridge linking a parking lot to a local sports complex.
There is a residential development along Stevenson Brook called Diamond Brook Hollow. The name of the development seems to be derived from a local tendency to refer to Stevenson Brook as Diamond Brook, because it is crossed by Diamond Bridge Avenue. However, the real Diamond Brook () lies about a half mile to the east in the towns of Glen Rock and Fair Lawn.
A small stream that once flowed parallel to the Passaic River known as De Gray Brook connected into Stevenson Brook just north of its junction with the Passaic River. De Gray Brook was completely filled in with the construction of the Wagaraw Sports Complex.
See also
List of rivers of New Jersey
Rivers of Passaic County, New Jersey
Tributaries of the Passaic River
Rivers of New Jersey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stevenson%20Brook |
The 2001 AFL draft consisted of a state draft, a body draft, a pre-season draft and a trade period. The AFL draft is the annual draft of players by Australian rules football teams that participate in the main competition of that sport, the Australian Football League (AFL).
In 2001 there were 83 picks to be drafted between 16 teams in the national draft. The Fremantle Dockers originally received the first pick in the national draft after finishing on the bottom of the ladder in the 2001 AFL season but they traded it to Hawthorn for Trent Croad. The No.1 draft pick was Luke Hodge, who became the first No.1 draft pick in many seasons to play in a premiership side.
The draft is known widely as the "superdraft" due to the recruitment of modern star players such as Luke Hodge, Luke Ball, Chris Judd, Jimmy Bartel, Nick Dal Santo, Steve Johnson, Sam Mitchell, Leigh Montagna, Gary Ablett, Brian Lake, Matthew Boyd, James Kelly, Dane Swan, Lewis Roberts-Thomson, Campbell Brown, and David Hale. All of the aforementioned players have played in at least one Grand Final; all but Dal Santo and Montagna have played in a premiership team; and Judd, Mitchell, and Hodge (three times) have captained their respective teams to victories in the 2006, 2008, 2013, 2014 and 2015 grand finals. Furthermore, Judd (2004, 2010), Bartel (2007), Ablett (2009, 2013), Swan (2011) and Mitchell (2012) have also won the Brownlow Medal, the award for the best and fairest player in a season, while Judd (2005), Johnson (2007), Hodge (2008 and 2014), Bartel (2011) and Lake (2013) have all won a Norm Smith Medal (awarded to the best player on-field in the AFL Grand Final).
Trades
In alphabetical order of new clubs
2001 national draft
Notes
2002 rookie draft
2002 pre-season draft
Honours
Brownlow Medallists:
Chris Judd: 2004 and 2010
Jimmy Bartel: 2007
Gary Ablett, Jr.: 2009 & 2013
Dane Swan: 2011
Sam Mitchell: 2012
Norm Smith Medallists:
Chris Judd: 2005
Steve Johnson: 2007
Luke Hodge: 2008, 2014
Jimmy Bartel: 2011
Brian Lake 2013
Premierships:
Lewis Roberts-Thomson: 2005, 2012
Adam Schneider: 2005
Chris Judd: 2006
Mark Seaby: 2006
Steven Armstrong: 2006
Ashley Hansen: 2006
Quinten Lynch: 2006
Jimmy Bartel: 2007, 2009 and 2011
Luke Hodge: 2008, 2013, 2014, 2015
Rick Ladson: 2008
Campbell Brown: 2008
James Kelly: 2007, 2009 and 2011
Gary Ablett, Jr.: 2007, 2009
Steve Johnson: 2007, 2009 and 2011
Dane Swan: 2010
Luke Ball: 2010
James Podsiadly, 2011
Martin Mattner: 2012
Sam Mitchell: 2008, 2013, 2014, 2015
Brian Lake: 2013, 2014, 2015
David Hale: 2013, 2014, 2015
Matthew Boyd: 2016
References
AFL Draft
Australian Football League draft | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2001%20AFL%20draft |
The Toronto Dingos is an amateur Australian rules football club based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada competing in the AFL Ontario. The team was formed in February 1996.
OAFL Premierships
2000
2003
2004
2005
See also
External links
Australian rules football clubs in Toronto
1996 establishments in Ontario
Australian rules football clubs established in 1996 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto%20Downtown%20Dingos |
The ethics of care (alternatively care ethics or EoC) is a normative ethical theory that holds that moral action centers on interpersonal relationships and care or benevolence as a virtue. EoC is one of a cluster of normative ethical theories that were developed by some feminists and environmentalists since the 1980s. While consequentialist and deontological ethical theories emphasize generalizable standards and impartiality, ethics of care emphasize the importance of response to the individual. The distinction between the general and the individual is reflected in their different moral questions: "what is just?" versus "how to respond?" Carol Gilligan, who is considered the originator of the ethics of care, criticized the application of generalized standards as "morally problematic, since it breeds moral blindness or indifference".
Assumptions of the framework include: persons are understood to have varying degrees of dependence and interdependence; other individuals affected by the consequences of one's choices deserve consideration in proportion to their vulnerability; and situational details determine how to safeguard and promote the interests of individuals.
Historical background
The originator of the ethics of care was Carol Gilligan, an American ethicist and psychologist. Gilligan created this model as a critique to her mentor, developmental psychologist Lawrence Kohlberg's model of moral development. Gilligan observed that measuring moral development by Kohlberg's stages of moral development found boys to be more morally mature than girls, and this result held for adults as well (although when education is controlled for there are no gender differences). Gilligan argued that Kohlberg's model was not objective, but rather a masculine perspective on morality, founded on principles of justice and rights. In her 1982 book In a Different Voice, she further posited that men and women have tendencies to view morality in different terms. Her theory claimed women tended to emphasize empathy and compassion over the notions of morality in terms of abstract duties or obligations that are privileged in Kohlberg's scale. Dana Ward stated, in an unpublished paper, that Kohlberg's scale is psychometrically sound. Subsequent research suggests that the differences in care-based or justice-based ethical approaches may be due to gender differences, or differences in life situations of genders. Gilligan's summarizing of gender differences provided feminists with a voice to question moral values and practices of the society as masculine.
Relationship to traditional ethical positions
Care ethics is different from other ethical models, such as consequentialist theories (e.g. utilitarianism) and deontological theories (e.g. Kantian ethics), in that it seeks to incorporate traditionally feminine virtues and values which, proponents of care ethics contend, are absent in traditional models of ethics. One of these values is the placement of caring and relationship over logic and reason. In care ethics, reason and logic are subservient to natural care, that is, care that is done out of inclination. This is in contrast to deontology, where actions taken out of inclination are unethical.
Drawing on this critique of utilitarianism and deontology, the American philosopher of social science Jason Josephson Storm has categorized the ethics of care as a form of virtue ethics. In his 2021 book Metamodernism, Storm argued for close parallels between the ethics of care and traditional Buddhist virtue ethics, especially the prioritization of compassion by Śāntideva and others. Other scholars had also previously connected ethics of care with Buddhist ethics. Virginia Held has noted the similarities between care ethics and virtue ethics but distinguished it from the virtue ethics of British moralists such as Hume in that people are seen as fundamentally relational rather than independent individuals.
Care ethics as feminist ethics
While some feminists have criticized care-based ethics for reinforcing traditional gender stereotypes, others have embraced parts of the paradigm under the theoretical concept of care-focused feminism.
Care-focused feminism, alternatively called gender feminism, is a branch of feminist thought informed primarily by the ethics of care as developed by Carol Gilligan and Nel Noddings. This theory is critical of how caring is socially engendered, being assigned to women and consequently devalued. "Care-focused feminists regard women's capacity for care as a human strength" which can and should be taught to and expected of men as well as women. Noddings proposes that ethical caring could be a more concrete evaluative model of moral dilemma, than an ethic of justice. Noddings' care-focused feminism requires practical application of relational ethics, predicated on an ethic of care.
Ethics of care is a basis for care-focused feminist theorizing on maternal ethics. These theories recognize caring as an ethically relevant issue. Critical of how society engenders caring labor, theorists Sara Ruddick, Virginia Held, and Eva Feder Kittay suggest caring should be performed and care givers valued in both public and private spheres. This proposed paradigm shift in ethics encourages the view that an ethic of caring be the social responsibility of both men and women.
Joan Tronto argues that the definition of "ethic of care" is ambiguous due in part to it not playing a central role in moral theory. She argues that considering moral philosophy is engaged with human goodness, then care would appear to assume a significant role in this type of philosophy. However, this is not the case and Tronto further stresses the association between care and "naturalness". The latter term refers to the socially and culturally constructed gender roles where care is mainly assumed to be the role of the woman. As such, care loses the power to take a central role in moral theory.
Tronto states there are four ethical qualities of care:
Attentiveness: Attentiveness is crucial to the ethics of care because care requires a recognition of others' needs in order to respond to them. The question which arises is the distinction between ignorance and inattentiveness. Tronto poses this question as such, "But when is ignorance simply ignorance, and when is it inattentiveness"?
Responsibility: In order to care, we must take it upon ourselves, thus responsibility. The problem associated with this second ethical element of responsibility is the question of obligation. Obligation is often, if not already, tied to pre-established societal and cultural norms and roles. Tronto makes the effort to differentiate the terms "responsibility" and "obligation" with regards to the ethic of care. Responsibility is ambiguous, whereas obligation refers to situations where action or reaction is due, such as the case of a legal contract. This ambiguity allows for ebb and flow in and between class structures and gender roles, and to other socially constructed roles that would bind responsibility to those only befitting of those roles.
Competence: To provide care also means competency. One cannot simply acknowledge the need to care, accept the responsibility, but not follow through with enough adequacy - as such action would result in the need of care not being met.
Responsiveness: This refers to the "responsiveness of the care receiver to the care". Tronto states, "Responsiveness signals an important moral problem within care: by its nature, care is concerned with conditions of vulnerability and inequality". She further argues responsiveness does not equal reciprocity. Rather, it is another method to understand vulnerability and inequality by understanding what has been expressed by those in the vulnerable position, as opposed to re-imagining oneself in a similar situation.
In 2013, Tronto added a fifth ethical quality:
Plurality, communication, trust and respect; solidarity or caring with: Together, these are the qualities necessary for people to come together in order to take collective responsibility, to understand their citizenship as always imbricated in relations of care, and to take seriously the nature of caring needs in society.
In politics
It is often suggested that the ethics of care is only applicable within families and groups of friends, but many feminist theorists have argued against this suggestion, including Ruddick, Manning, Held, and Tronto. Attempts have been made to apply principles from the ethics of care more generally, by identifying values in one particular caring relationship and applying these values to other situations. Moral values are seen as embedded in acts of care.
The ethics of care is contrasted with theories based on the "liberal individual" and a social contract, following Locke and Hobbes. Ethics-of-care theorists note that in many situations, such as childhood, there are very large power imbalances between individuals, and so these relationships are based on care rather than any form of contract. Noting the power imbalances that can exist in society, it is argued that care may be a better basis to understand society than freedom and social contracts.
In mental health
Psychiatrist Kaila Rudolph noted that care ethics aligns with a trauma-informed care framework in psychiatry.
Criticism
In the field of nursing, the ethics of care has been criticized by Peter Allmark, Helga Kuhse, and John Paley. Allmark criticized its focus on the mental state of the carer, on the grounds that subjectively caring does not prevent an individual's care from being harmful. Allmark also criticized the theory for conflicting with the idea of treating everyone with unbiased consideration, which he considered necessary in certain situations.
Care ethics has been criticised for failing to protect the individual from paternalism, noting there is a risk of caregivers mistaking their needs for those of the people they care for. Individuals may need to cultivate the ability to distinguish their own needs from those that they care for, with Ruddick arguing for a need to respect the "embodied willfulness" of those who are cared for.
See also
Theorists
References
Further reading
Care
Altruism
Environmentalism
Ecofeminism
Feminism
Feminist ethics
Liberalism
Left-wing politics
Progressivism
Relational ethics
Social justice
Feminist philosophy
Ethical theories | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethics%20of%20care |
The Toronto Eagles Australian Football Club (commonly known as the Toronto Eagles) is an amateur Australian rules football club competing in the AFL Ontario Australian football league.
The club was formed in 1989 when the then Canadian Australia Football Association (now known as AFL Ontario) began. They are based at Humber College (North Campus) in Etobicoke, Toronto, Ontario, Canada which has been their home for 10 years. Since entering the competition, the Eagles have become the most successful club in AFL Ontario history, winning 13 premierships, being runners up in 2018, and competing in finals constantly over the years.
History
In 1989, members of the local Australian community in Toronto, Canada congregated to play a number of Australian Rules football matches. Sighting some growing enthusiasm, AFL Ontario, which was then known as the Canadian Australian Football League and more recently as the Ontario Australian Football League (OAFL), was established later that year.
Soon after forming the AFLO, the pioneers of the league formed an affiliation with teams from the Australian Football League (AFL). This affiliation brought forward the formation of two teams – the Toronto Panthers and the Mississauga Mustangs.
1989 was a trying year for the Toronto Panthers as they lost every game that season until the inaugural Grand Final which saw the Toronto Panthers begin a legacy of winning football. The Panthers would defeat the Mississauga Mustangs 65 to 48 in the grand final, winning the inaugural Conacher Cup. The Panthers would then go on to win the next two Premierships, capturing three in a row amidst increasingly difficult competition.
At the end of 1991, amongst pressures of league expansion, many core Panthers left the club to form other teams. During these years, the team was pressured to recruit Canadian born players and introduce them to the game. In the next three years Toronto would fare well with one undefeated season, losing only by disqualification in the play-offs and another, which saw the Panthers once again make it all the way to the Grand Final.
By 1994, the Panthers were attracting many traveling or newly resided Australian players of top quality. That, combined with an exceptional base of talented Canadians players completed the rebuilding of their Championship squad.
1995 was a turning point for the Toronto Panthers football club as their new membership brought with it a new affiliation. The West Coast Eagles football club of the Australian Football League (AFL) would become the new sister club to the Toronto Panthers. That year the Toronto Panthers were reborn as the Toronto Eagles, trading their white with blue stripes for the blue and gold colors of the West Coast Eagles. To assist the Club with the transformation the West Coast Eagles helped by providing team uniforms and footballs, a gesture that was greatly appreciated by the club.
Regenerated as the Toronto Eagles, they then went to be undefeated the entire 1995 season, winning their fourth premiership in six years. Toronto’s high flying Eagles would then go on to capture the next four premierships in a row, establishing themselves as the dominant team in the AFLO. The Eagles would then fare well in the following two seasons but wouldn’t get their hand on the cup until 2002 when they would win their 9th premiership.
2006 and 2007 once again saw the Toronto Eagles tasting premiership glory as they would win back to back flags in impressive style. 2009 would see the Eagles win again, before a rebuilding phase. In 2017 the Eagles secured their 13th AFLO title in 26 seasons, firmly establishing the Toronto Eagles as the only true dynasty in AFL Ontario history.
Club Symbols
The Toronto Eagles official colours are royal blue, gold, and white. The club's current logo features a stylised Wedge-tailed Eagle with the words "Toronto Eagles" written underneath. Previous logos have all incorporated a stylised eagle's head. The club's current guernsey design features a stylised eagle's head taken from the club's logo on navy blue.
The club's official team song is "We're the Eagles", composed by Kevin Peek, a former member of the band Sky, and initially recorded at Peek's studio in Roleystone.
Club Awards
AFL Ontario Premierships
1989 1990 1991 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2002 2006 2007 2009 2017
Club Honour Board
Women's Awards
Individual awards
AFL ONTARIO BEST AND FAIREST
The Best and Fairest award is awarded to the best player in the competition during the home-and-away season as voted by the umpires:
Winners
2018 - Dean Gavin
2017 - Dean Gavin
2015 - Mikael Avramov
2009 - Ajit Alister
1997 - Arnie Korpela
1995 - Rod Cutler
1992 - Mark Block
1990 - Mark Block and David Kerr
1989 - Tim Maud
Runner up
2007 - Lockie McDonald
AFL ONTARIO ROOKIE OF THE YEAR
2018 - Sean Fahey
1997 - Luke Davies
1994 - Arnie Korpela
1990 - David Kerr
1989 - Patrick Grant
AFL ONTARIO LEADING GOAL KICKER
2019 - Aaron Falcioni (43)
2008 - Troy Marsh (59)
1999 - Troy Marsh (44)
1994-97 - Mick Pearson
1990-93 - Peter Vitols
1989 - Glen Walker (9)
See also
External links
References
Australian rules football clubs in Toronto
Etobicoke
Ontario Australian Football League clubs
1989 establishments in Ontario
Australian rules football clubs established in 1989 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toronto%20Eagles%20%28Australian%20rules%20football%29 |
Major General Heathcote Howard Hammer, (15 February 1905 – 10 March 1961) was a senior officer in the Australian Army, seeing service during the Second World War. After working as a traveling salesman he joined the Militia, Australia's part-time military force, in 1923, starting out as an enlisted soldier before being commissioned as an officer. By 1939, having served with several infantry units, he had reached the rank of major. Following the outbreak of the Second World War, Hammer volunteered for overseas service and fought in Greece, North Africa, New Guinea and Bougainville. He remained in the military after the war, rising to command at divisional level before retiring in 1959. He died in 1961 at the age of 56.
Early years and personal life
Hammer was born on 15 February 1905 in Southern Cross, Western Australia. His father, William, was a miner, and after his parents moved to Victoria, he lived in Bendigo, where he attended the School of Mines. Following his education he was employed as a travelling salesman. On 26 October 1935, he married Mary Frances Morrissey at St Patrick's Catholic Cathedral, Melbourne. The couple had two children – a son and daughter – but were divorced in 1955. Hammer later remarried, taking Helena Irena Olova, née Vymazal, an Austrian, as his second wife.
Military career
Hammer enlisted in the Militia in 1923, serving initially in the ranks. In 1926, he was commissioned as a lieutenant in the 8th Infantry Battalion. By 1939, he had achieved the rank of major, having also served in the 17th Light Horse (Machine Gun) Regiment. Following the outbreak of the war, he joined the Second Australian Imperial Force on 8 June 1940, volunteering for overseas service. After a series of regimental postings, including brigade major of 16th Brigade, which was part of the 6th Division, Hammer was sent to the Middle East in 1941. After serving in Greece, the following year he was promoted to lieutenant colonel and placed in command of the 2/48th Battalion, the most decorated Australian infantry battalion of the war.
Hammer led the unit in the fighting at the Second Battle of El Alamein from July 1942, planning and executing the capture of Trig 29 on 26 July. In the last attack launched by the division on 30/31 October the 2/48th Infantry Battalion was ordered to take a position known as the Cloverleaf. During the attack, Hammer sustained a gunshot wound to his right cheek. The German bullet pieced his cheek and exited through to the other side, but did not touch any bones or teeth. At the same time he took two German prisoners. With only 41 of his men remaining, he withdrew and by dawn they had dug in. He continued to command the 2/48th Infantry Battalion until it was withdrawn from the Middle East and brought back to Australia in early 1943. In January 1943, he was invested with the Distinguished Service Order (DSO) for his actions in the Middle East.
In June 1943, Hammer was promoted to brigadier and given command of the 15th Brigade. He led the brigade until the end of the war, commanding it through the fighting in New Guinea and Bougainville. For his service in New Guinea he received a Bar to his DSO in 1944, and in 1945 was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire.
After the war, Hammer became Commissioner for Repatriation in Victoria and continued his military career in the Citizens Military Force. In 1947 he received a belated Mention in Despatches. He was placed in command of the 2nd Armoured Brigade in 1953. In 1956, he was promoted to major general and took command of the 3rd Division.
Later life
Hammer retired in 1959 and died on 10 March 1961 in Brighton; he was buried in Springvale Botanical Cemetery.
Notes
References
Further reading
External links
Biography at www.generals.dk
1905 births
1961 deaths
Australian Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
Australian Companions of the Distinguished Service Order
Australian generals
Australian Army personnel of World War II
Military personnel from Western Australia
Burials in Victoria (state)
People from Southern Cross, Western Australia
Public servants of Victoria (state)
Military personnel from Victoria (state)
People from Bendigo | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heathcote%20Hammer |
The Cirneco dell'Etna is an Italian breed of hunting dog from the Mediterranean island of Sicily. It is named for the Etna volcano in eastern Sicily. It has a keen sense of smell, and is used to hunt small game, particularly rabbits. As with many working dogs, registration is conditional on successful completion of a working trial.
History
The second part of the name of the breed relates to the area of the Etna volcano in Sicily, where it originated. The first part, word cirneco, derives from the , related to Cyrenaica in North Africa, and in modern Italian is used for all the small hunting dogs of the Mediterranean islands, including Sicily, Malta and the Balearic Islands. Genetic studies of the relationship of the Cirneco to other breeds have yielded conflicting results: one confirmed it to be close to the Kelb tal-Fenek of Malta and the Podenco Ibicenco of the Balearic Islands, but also linked it to the Pyrenean Mountain Dog; another found evidence of gene flow from the Podenco Canario of the Canary Islands; a genomic study in 2021 found it to be most closely related to the Kelb tal-Fenek and the Segugio Italiano.
It is often controversially claimed that the Cirneco dell'Etna is an ancient breed. The earliest written description of the modern breed was by Maurizio Migneco, a veterinary surgeon from Adrano on the slopes of Etna, who published an account in Il Cacciatore Italiano in 1932. This was seen by a Sicilian noblewoman, Agata Paternó Castello, who bought some of the dogs and in 1934 started breeding them. The breed was recognised by the Ente Nazionale della Cinofilia Italiana in 1939, based on a breed standard drawn up by Giuseppe Solaro of Turin. The Cirneco was definitively accepted by the Fédération Cynologique Internationale in 1956. It is a rare breed; in the period from 2010 to 2018, new registrations in Italy were between about 100 and 150 per year. Breed registration is conditional on successful completion of a working trial in this case a specific field trial .
Further reading
Notes
References
FCI breeds
Hounds
Dog breeds originating in Italy
Rare dog breeds | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cirneco%20dell%27Etna |
The Battle of Waynesboro was an American Civil War battle fought on December 4, 1864 in eastern Georgia, towards the end of Sherman's March to the Sea. Union cavalry forces under Brig. Gen. Judson Kilpatrick defeated Confederate cavalry led by Maj. Gen. Joseph Wheeler, opening the way for William T. Sherman's armies to approach their objective, Savannah.
As Sherman's infantry marched southeast through Georgia, his cavalry under Judson Kilpatrick rode northeastward. In the late afternoon of November 26, 1864, elements of Kilpatrick's 3rd Cavalry Division had reached the wooden railroad bridge north of Waynesboro, Georgia, and partially burned it before being driven off by troops dispatched from the Cavalry Corps of the Army of Tennessee by Joseph Wheeler. After the numerically inferior Confederates withdrew, Kilpatrick entered Waynesboro the next day and destroyed a train of cars and much private property before being driven from the town by Wheeler. At dawn on November 28, Wheeler suddenly attacked Kilpatrick's camp south of Waynesboro and drove him southwest beyond Buckhead Creek toward Louisville.
Annoyed by Wheeler's constant harassment, Kilpatrick set out on the morning of December 4 with his full division to attack Waynesboro and finally destroy Wheeler's small command. Early in the morning, Kilpatrick, now supported by two infantry brigades dispatched from Baird's division of the XIV Corps, advanced from Thomas's Station six miles northward to burn the bridges over Brier Creek north and east of Waynesboro.
Finding Wheeler's Confederates deployed astride the road, Kilpatrick attacked, driving the Confederate skirmishers in front of them. The Union force then came up against a strong defensive line of barricades, which they eventually overran. As the Union advance continued, they encountered even more barricades that required additional time to overcome. After hard fighting, Wheeler's outnumbered force retired into Waynesboro and another line of barricades hastily erected in the town's streets. There, Wheeler ordered a charge by Texas and Tennessee troops in order to gain time to withdraw across Brier Creek and block the road to Augusta, which, at the time, appeared to be the objective of General Sherman's army. After furious fighting, the Union troops broke through and Wheeler’s force hastily withdrew.
Finally reaching his objective of Brier Creek, Kilpatrick burned the rail and wagon bridges and withdrew. The supporting infantry brigades marched toward Jacksonboro and rejoined the rest of Baird's division, encamped at Alexander. They were followed that evening by Kilpatrick's command, which camped at Old Church on the old Quaker Road. Additional fighting over the next few days enabled Sherman to close in on Savannah.
References
National Park Service battle description
External links
Georgia Historical Marker: The Cavalry Actions at Waynesboro
Waynesboro
Waynesboro
Waynesboro
Waynesboro
Burke County, Georgia
Waynesboro, Georgia
1864 in Georgia (U.S. state)
December 1864 events | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Waynesboro%2C%20Georgia |
Four of the Apocalypse () is a 1975 Italian Spaghetti Western film directed by Lucio Fulci and starring Fabio Testi, Tomas Milian, Lynne Frederick and Michael J. Pollard.
Plot
Set in the year 1873, professional gambler Stubby Preston arrives in the Wild West town of Salt Flats, Utah with plans to work the local casino but is arrested by the sheriff the moment he steps off the stagecoach. What Stubby doesn't know is that a group of locals have planned a vigilante attack on the casino that night, which the sheriff plans to turn a blind eye to. The only criminals to survive are those who were in the jail when it happened: Stubby, a pregnant prostitute named Bunny, a disturbed but gentle black man named Bud, and an alcoholic named Clem.
In the morning the sheriff sees the four safely out of the town and gives them a wagon and horses in exchange for Stubby's $1000 stake. The four set out together, and Stubby suggests they head for Sun City, 200 miles South. Along the way, they meet up with a group of Quaker immigrants, whose patriarch mistakes the pregnant Bunny as Stubby's wife. Stubby and Bunny play along, then continue the ruse during the rest of their journey. The Quakers go their own way, and shortly after, the four witness a violent bandit raid on some unfortunate settlers.
Bunny's birthday happens, and the four stop by a river. Bud catches a fish, a cake is fashioned from the sand, and Stubby offers up some canteened water as a toast. The toast is interrupted by gunshots, and the spit cooking the fish is neatly destroyed. Demonstrating his accuracy with a gun, a wanderer named Chaco invites himself to their group. Stubby is immediately suspicious, but for a while things go well. Three gunmen approach and Chaco saves the group from them, but the gunmen turn out to be lawmen and Chaco tortures the surviving deputy. Despite this, the group accepts the peyote buttons Chaco gives them one night by the campfire. Stubby chews some, but spits out most, retaining his senses when Chaco uses the promise of whiskey to persuade Clem to tie them up...starting with Stubby. Stubby resists But is thwarted by Chaco, who binds Stubby and Bud together, and Bunny to a tree. Chaco rapes Bunny, taunts Stubby, then tells Clem to “be quick about it” if he wants to rape Bunny also and go with Chaco. Clem realizes what he did and tries to stop Chaco, who shoots Clem in the leg and leaves them all for dead. Clem manages to free Stubby, who frees the others, then Bud builds a stretcher for Clem, and the four set out again.
Chaco and his cohorts pick up and follow their trail. Chaco is about to discover them when his friends call out that they spotted a caravan of ‘bible-folk’ they can get supplies from, and the bandits set of after them. Stubby and the others later come across the remains of the caravan and the immigrants they met earlier. Chaco killed them all, and Stubby vows a second time to kill Chaco.
Caught in a rainstorm, the four take shelter in a ghost town where they remove the bullet from Clem's leg. Clem later dies from infection. This sends the already fragile minded Bud into a mad and confused state. Stubby and Bunny admit love to each other and have sex. Later Bud returns with meat he managed to find which they all cook and eat. Bud shows the extent of his madness by insisting that the residents of the ghost town have been coming out to meet him every night. When Stubby discovers the meat came from the corpse of Clem, Stubby and Bunny decide to leave Bud to his friends the ghosts as there is nothing they can do for him.
On the road, the two run into an old pastor friend of Stubby's shortly before Bunny goes into pained labor. Rushing to a snowy, mountaintop mining town populated entirely by men, the local chauvinistic townsmen are disturbed that a woman is giving birth in their home, but as they discuss it become fascinated and excited that their town would give new life instead of just taking it. Bunny dies in childbirth which leaves Stubby in shock. The townsmen, now enraptured with the child, gather round and take care him and insist that the pastor perform a baptism. Needing a name, the most enthusiastic townsman names the child Lucky. This awakens Stubby from his shock and he gratefully grants guardianship of Lucky to the townsmen.
Now alone, Stubby heads out and to seek revenge on Chaco. He spots the wagon the sheriff of Salt Flats had ‘sold’ him, and finds his shaving gear still in it. Chaco and his two friends are holding up in a barn. Stubby quickly kills two of the bandits and taunts and tortures a wounded Chaco, who taunts back by holding up the dead evangelist's cross and reminding him of Bunny's rape. Stubby shoots Chaco dead without another word, and heads off into the horizon after welcoming a stray dog to join him.
Cast
Fabio Testi as Stubby Preston
Lynne Frederick as Emanuelle 'Bunny' O'Neill
Michael J. Pollard as Clem
Harry Baird as Butt/Buck/Bud Wilson
Tomas Milian as Chaco
Donal O'Brien as Sheriff of Salt Flat
Adolfo Lastretti as Reverend Sullivan
Bruno Corazzari as Lemmy
Production
Four of the Apocalypse was the first collaboration between director Lucio Fulci and cinematographer Sergio Salvati. The film was one of Salvati's first assignments as a director of photography. Salvati would work again with Fulci on several films ranging from Dracula in the Provinces, Zombi 2 and The House by the Cemetery.
Release
Four of the Apocalypse was released on 12 August 1975 in Italy. The film did not meet expectations financially on its release.
Critical reception
From retrospective reviews, AllMovie stated that the film "could very well be the Italian splatter-master's most personal, poignant, and compelling film – not to mention one of the most original spaghetti Westerns ever filmed." In his biography on Fulci, Troy Howarth described Four of the Apocalypse as "without a doubt one of Fulci's finest films", one that "fulfills signs of poetry and lyricism hinted at in earlier works" with "consistently gorgeous" imagery.
Footnotes
References
External links
1975 films
Films directed by Lucio Fulci
Films based on short fiction
1975 Western (genre) films
Spaghetti Western films
Films about cannibalism
Films about rape
Films shot in Almería
Films scored by Fabio Frizzi
1970s Italian films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four%20of%20the%20Apocalypse |
Francis John Schweihs (February 7, 1932 – July 23, 2008), aka "Frank the German", was an American gangster, who worked for The Outfit, the organized crime family of Chicago. At the time of his death, federal prosecutors planned to indict him for numerous crimes, including murder. It is believed he had participated in, or had knowledge of, many murders going back decades, including brothers Anthony "Tony the Ant" Spilotro and Michael Spilotro, Allen Dorfman of the Teamsters Union, a disgraced Chicago cop, Outfit associate and informant Dick Cain, Outfit boss Salvatore "Sam," "Mooney" Giancana, loanshark Sam "Mad Sam" DeStefano, Outfit hitman Charles "Chuckie" Nicoletti and others.
Schweihs had been convicted of extortion in 1989 and was sentenced to 13-years-and-one-month in prison and was ordered to pay $42,900 in fines and restitution.
Schweihs operated with several crews, one of them the "Chinatown Crew" also known as the "26th Street Crew." Its operations were run out of the Old Neighborhood Italian American Club, originally on west 26th Street, in Chicago. Its founder, Angelo J. "The Hook" LaPietra, and Schweihs' partner skimmed $2 million from Las Vegas casinos in the 1980s and built a new massive club structure on West 31st Street, in Chicago. In 1991, Schweihs collected $12,000 a month from the On Leong, in Chinatown, to allow them to run their casino there. The money was delivered to the Italian Club.
The last known city of residence of Schweihs was Dania Beach, Florida, before he became a fugitive in April 2005. He was a fugitive along with Joseph "Joey the Clown" Lombardo, who each went their separate ways; however, Schweihs was eventually caught in Berea, Kentucky, on December 16, 2005, and less than a month later, Lombardo was caught on January 13, 2006, in the Chicago area. Schweihs' trial was separated from the other defendants' because of his poor health (he had cancer). His co-defendants were convicted in the original trial in 2007. Schweihs remained in jail pending his trial. After his health had been judged to have improved, he was finally scheduled to go on trial in October 2008.
Death
Schweihs died on July 23, 2008, from complications related to his cancer.
Schweihs' daughter, Nora Schweihs, is a castmember of Mob Wives Chicago. She had her father's body exhumed in July 2012 in order to prove the corpse's identity. Schweihs' remains were eventually cremated.
References
External links
Frank Schweihs Mob Article Archive
DOJ Operation Family Secrets press release
New Criminologist: Alleged Mafia hitman Frank "The German" Schweihs arrested in Kentucky by Nick Morris
Frank Schweihs: Flood Testimony Recalls Breakup Of Mob Hit Attempt, Illinois Police and Sheriff's News
FBI says hit man, 75, kills for mob by Roberto Santiago
1932 births
2008 deaths
Chicago Outfit mobsters
Mafia hitmen
Deaths from cancer in Illinois
People from Dania Beach, Florida | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20Schweihs |
The Maidstone line is a railway line between Swanley, Maidstone and Ashford in Kent, England.
The line diverges from the Chatham Main Line at Swanley Junction and proceeds down the Darenth valley to Otford junction (where the Bat & Ball line divides towards ). It continues via Borough Green & Wrotham and Maidstone East to Ashford, where it joins the South Eastern Main Line. In 2020 the line from Ashford International to Kemsing was adopted by the Kent Rail Partnership and this section was renamed The Kent Downs Line
History
The line was built by the London, Chatham and Dover Railway from their first line (the Chatham Main Line). Upon the creation of the South Eastern and Chatham Railway the original Ashford terminus was closed in 1899 and services diverted to the South Eastern Railway's Ashford station. The line was electrified in 1939 (750 V DC third rail) to Maidstone East by the Southern Railway prior to World War Two. Electrification between Maidstone East and Ashford was completed in 1961 under the BR 1955 Modernisation Plan.
Infrastructure
Traction current is supplied at 750 volts DC via the Third Rail. The supply for this is overseen by Paddock Wood Electrical Control Room. Signalling is Track Circuit Block with multiple aspect colour light signals throughout, controlled by Ashford IECC. The line is double track throughout.
Services
Services on the line are run by Southeastern.
Services run to London Victoria, London Charing Cross and Ashford, with some peak services to London Blackfriars.
In the off-peak, there are one train per hour from Ashford International to London Victoria via Bromley South and Swanley stopping at all stations between Ashford and Otford and one train per hour from Maidstone East to London Charing Cross running semi-fast via Swanley and London Bridge. These services are operated by Class 375 and Class 377 EMUs.
Thameslink utilizes the route between Swanley and Otford on their London Blackfriars to Sevenoaks metro services via the Catford Loop and Elephant and Castle with two trains per hour running. Additional services through London will be introduced as part of the Thameslink Programme between Cambridge and Maidstone East. As of September 2019, these services have not yet been introduced with no news about its future.
References
Rail transport in Kent
Transport in the Borough of Ashford
Railway lines in South East England
Standard gauge railways in England | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maidstone%20line |
Bronx Community Board 5 is a local government unit of the city of New York, encompassing the neighborhoods of Fordham, Morris Heights, Mount Hope, and University Heights. It is delimited by Webster Avenue to the east, Hall of Fame Terrace, West 183rd Street, and Fordham Road to the north, the Harlem River to the west, and Washington Bridge and the Cross Bronx Expressway to the south.
Its current chairperson is Dr. Bola Omotosho, and its district manager Ken Brown.
Demographics
As of the United States 2000 Census, the Community Board has a population of 128,313, up from 118,435 in 1990 and 107,997 in 1980.
Of them, 79,048 (61.6%) are of Hispanic origin, 41,609 (32.4%) are Black, non-Hispanic, 1,917 (1.5%) are White, non-Hispanic, 2,071 (1.6%) are Asian or Pacific Islander, 453 (0.4%) American Indian or Alaska Native, 978 (0.8%) are some other race (non-Hispanic), and 2,237 (1.7%) of two or more races (non-Hispanic).
References
External links
Community boards of the Bronx
Fordham, Bronx
University Heights, Bronx
Bronx Community College | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bronx%20Community%20Board%205 |
Edinburgh is an outer northern suburb of Adelaide, South Australia in the City of Salisbury. The suburb was created in 1997, on land straddling Penfield and Salisbury, that was compulsorily acquired by the Commonwealth Government in 1940 in order to manufacture munitions for the war effort during World War II, and later used for a number of defence-related establishments.
The suburb is dominated by the RAAF Base Edinburgh, but also includes the industrial precinct of Edinburgh Parks.
History
The area, as with all of the Adelaide Plains, lies within the traditional lands of the Kaurna people.
Salisbury Explosives Factory
Once a rural area, this changed in 1940, after a large amount of land in the area between Penfield and Salisbury was compulsorily acquired by the Australian Government's Department of Munitions in 1940 to establish a munitions factory. Construction of the Salisbury Explosives Factory (also known as) began in November 1940. The architect Herbert Jory was engaged by the Department of Munitions to oversee the building of the factory, which at its height employed 3000 labourers and tradesmen seven days a week. The factory was completed within a year.
The factory was one of many facilities created to ensure supplies for six Small Arms Ammunition Factories, which were munitions factories established and run across the country by the Australian Government during World War II. The site was chosen because of "its strategic position and its proximity to rail transport, and to a water supply and labour". The factory complex included 1,405 buildings, and during wartime employed between 3,000 and 6,000 people. The Penfield railway line serviced the facilities.
Other defence establishments
The Long Range Weapons Establishment (LRWE) was established in 1947.
The High Speed Aerodynamics Laboratory, Propulsion Research Laboratory and the Electronics Research Laboratory, (collectively known as the Chemistry & Physics Research Laboratory) in 1949.
The establishment of the RAAF base was established in 1955.
The LWRE and laboratories became the Weapons Research Establishment (WRE) in 1955, the Defence Science & Technology Organisation (DSTO) in 1974, and the Defence Science and Technology Group (DST) in 2015. It is now an industrial suburb, but is still dominated by RAAF Base Edinburgh, the DST Edinburgh site, with a few remaining sheep-grazing paddocks.
Suburb (1997)
The suburb was created in 1997 when it was split from the suburb of Salisbury, when the Australian Government decided that the Australian Department of Defence would rationalise the then "DSTO Salisbury" site and sell off about 70% of the site, and surrounding "Defence-owned" crown land, to form the "Edinburgh Parks" industrial estate.
Description
In addition to the RAAF base and the DST Group site, the suburb is home to several of defence contractors, a number of automotive component and parts manufacturers (which supported the Elizabeth Holden manufacturing plant until it closed in 2017), and other industries (for example, a major Coles Supermarkets distribution centre), as well as the Penfield Golf Club golf course, a model railway track, a model boat facility, a pistol range, gemology clubrooms, and a few remaining flocks of sheep.
Edinburgh Parks
The City of Salisbury's website stated in 2013: "Edinburgh Parks is one of Australia's largest advanced industrial precincts and has more than 300 hectares of fully developed land available... It is a "$1.9 billion investment and comprises four precincts designated for aerospace and manufacturing, defence technology, logistics support and automotive industries... Edinburgh Parks industrial blocks are among the best value industrial land in Australia. The site is ideally located in a major industrial growth corridor connected by Adelaide's new northern super highway system."
Organisations established in the area include: BAE Systems Australia; DHL; Inghams; MTU Detroit Diesel; Coles Supermarkets Distribution Centre; and Lockheed Martin Australia. The City of Salisbury estimates that over 3,000 jobs have been created in the area through the creation of Edinburgh Parks.
The "Invest Northern Adelaide" website, a collaboration of the cities of Playford, Salisbury, and Tea Tree Gully, makes similar glowing claims.
References
Suburbs of Adelaide
1997 establishments in Australia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edinburgh%2C%20South%20Australia |
Degos disease, also known as Köhlmeier-Degos disease or malignant atrophic papulosis, is an extremely rare condition caused by blockage of arteries and veins. Individuals with this condition will develop papules. Those diagnosed with this disease may also develop complications due to impairment of internal organs. The exact underlying mechanism is still unknown, and an effective treatment is still being developed. There are fewer than 50 living patients presently known worldwide, and fewer than 200 reported in medical literature. However, many individuals may go undiagnosed due to rarity of the disease. Most individuals develop symptoms between the ages of 20–50; however, cases outside of this age range have been reported as well.
Symptoms and signs
The characteristic symptom of Degos disease is the development of papules. Initially, individuals may have skin lesions or rashes, but they will proceed to develop distinct bumps, or papules. Papules are circular in shape, have a porcelain-white center and red border. As papules age, the white centers will sink in and only the border will remain raised. Typically, papules range from 0.5 to 1 cm in width. Papules appear on the trunk and upper extremities and are not found on the individual's palms, soles, scalp, or face.
Symptoms vary, depending on whether an individual has the benign variant or malignant variant of the disease. Both the benign and malignant forms have development of the characteristic papules. Individuals with the benign form will have the typical papules persisting anywhere from a few years to throughout their whole lives. In the benign form, no inner organs are affected. If an individual develops the malignant form, it means that not only are the papules present, but inner organs are involved. Most malignant cases involve problems of the gastrointestinal tract leading to small intestine lesions, abdominal pain, diarrhea, and bowel perforation. If the central nervous system is involved, symptoms can include headaches, dizziness, seizures, paralysis of cranial nerves, weakness, stroke, damage to small areas of the brain due to artery blockage (cerebral infarcts, and cerebral hemorrhage). Additional organs commonly impacted include the heart, lungs, and kidneys. Symptoms that may develop from damage to these organs include double vision (diplopia), clouding of lenses of eyes, swelling of the optic disc (papilledema), partial loss of vision, shortness of breath, chest pain, epilepsy, and thickening of pericardium.
Someone with the benign form may suddenly develop symptoms of the malignant form. Symptoms can last anywhere from a few weeks to several years. Onset of symptoms typically begins to manifest between the ages of 20–50. A few cases of this condition in newborns have also been described.
Causes
The papules characteristic for this disease develop due to infarctions, or blockages in small-medium arteries and veins. The underlying cause is unknown for this disease. Though not confirmed, some cases have shown signs of inheritance between first-degree relatives. It has been suggested that the disease has a familial inheritance pattern; it is thought to be an autosomal dominant disorder. In most cases of familial inheritance, the benign variant of the disease has been present.
Due to the lack of knowledge of the pathomechanism for this condition prevention strategies are not known. However, in order to prevent worsening of symptoms, consistent evaluations should be conducted by a physician.
Mechanism
Although this disease has been known for around 70 years, the pathomechanism underlying it is still unknown. Several hypotheses have been developed regarding the underlying mechanism for Degos disease. One theory suggests that inflammation of blood vessels may trigger the condition. Another theory has to do with Degos disease as a coagulopathy. Development of a thrombus and resulting reduction of blood flow is common in this condition. A reduction in blood flow throughout the body can lead to damaged endothelial cells and may perhaps lead to the formation of the characteristic papules. Another hypothesis suggests that abnormal swelling and proliferation of the vascular endothelium can lead to intestinal and central nervous system thrombosis, and ultimately lead to development of symptoms associated with Degos disease. Overall, individuals with Degos disease have abnormal blockages in their arteries and veins; however, the cause of these blockages is unknown.
Diagnosis
Clinical evaluation and identification of characteristics papules may allow a dermatologist to diagnose Degos disease. The papules have a white center and are bordered with a red ring. After lesions begin to appear, the diagnosis for Degos disease can be supported by histological findings. Most cases will show a wedge-shaped connective tissue necrosis in the deep corium. This shape is due to the blockage/occlusion of small arteries.
Individuals may be diagnosed with the benign form if only the papules are present. However, an individual may be diagnosed with the malignant form if involvement of other organs like the lungs, intestine and/or central nervous system occurs. The malignant, or systematic form of this condition may suddenly develop even after having papules present for several years. In order to quickly diagnose this shift to the malignant variant of the disease, it is important for individuals to have consistent follow-up evaluations. In these evaluations, depending on which organs are suspected to be involved, the following procedures and tests may be conducted: skin inspection, brain magnetic resonance tomography, colonoscopy, chest X-ray, and/or abdominal ultrasound.
Treatment
Due to the lack of knowledge around the underlying mechanism of malignant atrophic papulosis, an effective treatment method has not been developed. Treatment for this condition is symptomatic. However, several treatment methods have been tested and are still being developed as more information regarding the condition is found. Fibrinolytic and immunosuppressive therapeutic regimens were tested and found to be mostly unsuccessful as treatment methods.
After treating conditions comorbid with Degos disease, physicians have recently found improvement in symptoms with the use of eculizumab and treprostinil. Discovered by dermatopathologist, Cynthia Magro, response to eculizumab is often immediate and dramatic, but has been of limited duration and is expensive, needing to be infused every 14 days. Treprostinil use has been reported to result in clearing of gastrointestinal and central nervous system findings as well as clearing of cutaneous lesions, but reports are limited. Treprostinil may be more effective than other vasodilators because it may also increase the population of circulating endothelial cells, allowing angiogenesis.
Recent research
A patient diagnosed with the malignant, systemic form of the disease and was severely ill was found to have C5b-9 complexes in the involved vessels of the skin biopsy. Eculizumab was then used for treatment of the thrombotic microangiopathy, a humanized monoclonal antibody drug which is normally used in the treatment of Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria. The patient experienced a dramatic improvement in his condition. Physicians at Albany Medical College were later able to treat a pediatric Degos patient with eculizumab.
The team later observed the resolution of Degos skin lesions in an adult patient with an overlap syndrome involving systemic lupus, systemic sclerosis, and Degos disease who was treated with treprostinil for their pulmonary hypertension. They noted the pediatric Degos patient was developing significant complications despite treatment with eculizumab, so treprostinil was incorporated into the treatment. All known long-term survivors of systemic Degos disease are being treated with a combination of eculizumab and treprostinil.
History
In 1941, this disease was first described by Köhlmeier. However, it was not until 1942 that the disease was recognized as a new clinical entity by Robert Degos. Initially the condition was referred to as Degos disease or Köhlmeier-Degos disease. However, Degos himself subsequently suggested the name "papulose atrophiante maligne," translated as malignant atrophic papulosis.
References
Notes
Further reading
External links
Rare diseases
Disorders causing seizures | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Degos%20disease |
The Population Research Institute (PRI) is a 501(c)3 non-profit organization based in Front Royal, Virginia, US. The organization opposes abortion. They believe that overpopulation is a myth, and oppose hormonal birth control in females and vasectomies in males.
In addition, the organization issues opinion pieces questioning the veracity of human driven climate change and the natural origin of COVID-19.
Background
The Population Research Institute was founded in 1989 by Paul Marx (1920–2010), a family sociologist, Catholic priest and Benedictine monk who had established the anti-abortion group Human Life International as well. It became an independent institute in 1996. The same year, the think tank got headed by Steven W. Mosher, a social researcher and author who had witnessed forced abortions in China during the implementation of the one-child policy in 1980.
Activities
PRI opposes government attempts to control the population. According to the Los Angeles Times, PRI's Mosher successfully helped lobby the George W. Bush administration to withhold US$34 to $40 million per year for seven years from the United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA), the largest international donor to family planning programs. The research institute opined that UNPFA was using American money to fund Chinese compulsory sterilization and abortions, a claim denied by the population fund, noting that it does not work in areas where the one-child policy in still in force. Mosher also advocated against the Chinese two-child policy, claiming that it was "being pushed to the masses through the communist party mechanism".
Fundraising
PRI obtains the vast majority of its funding from charitable contributions, gifts, and grants, with a total revenue of 1.46 million dollars in financial year 2018. Of this, 75.6% was spent on program expenses, 4.9% on administration, and 19.3% on fundraising.
The institute has received funding from The Lynde and Harry Bradley Foundation, Inc., claimed to be in support of conferences on human rights in China.
Criticism
PRI's stance on overpopulation and the arguments for "Overpopulation is a Myth" have been described as deceptive.
Charity Navigator classifies charities with respect to "Accountability & Transparency" and "Financial Performance". In 2020 it awarded two out of four stars to PRI for "Accountability & Transparency", and one for "Financial", which combined for an overall score of 70.46, rated as two stars.
References
External links
501(c)(3) organizations
1989 establishments in Virginia
Anti-abortion organizations in the United States
Human overpopulation think tanks
Non-profit organizations based in Front Royal, Virginia
Population research organizations
Research institutes established in 1989
Research institutes in Virginia
Think tanks established in 1989
Think tanks based in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Population%20Research%20Institute%20%28organization%29 |
Scott Baird (born May 7, 1951) is an American curler. At 54, he is the oldest American athlete to ever participate in the Winter Olympics, which he did at the 2006 Winter Olympics. Despite this feat, Baird was only the alternate for Pete Fenson's U.S. team and did not throw a stone, although he still received a bronze medal. On January 16, 2007, the team was named the 2006 USOC Team of the Year.
In addition to the Olympics, Baird has skipped the U.S. team to three World Championship events (1979, 1993 & 1994), winning bronze in 1993. In 2003, Baird skipped the U.S. team to the silver medal at World Seniors Championship. In 2003, 2005, 2006, and 2011, Baird was the alternate player for Pete Fenson at the World Championships.
In 2005 Baird was inducted into the United States Curling Association Hall of Fame.
References
External links
1951 births
Living people
People from Bemidji, Minnesota
American male curlers
Olympic curlers for the United States
Curlers at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Olympic bronze medalists for the United States in curling
Medalists at the 2006 Winter Olympics
American curling champions | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott%20Baird |
Wilhelm Weiss (German Wilhelm Weiß) (31 March 1892 – 24 February 1950) was, in the time of the Third Reich, an SA-Obergruppenführer as well as editor-in-chief of the NSDAP's official newspaper, the Völkischer Beobachter.
Early career
After finishing his studies at the Gymnasium in Munich, Weiss began a career as an officer in the Bavarian Army. By 1911 he was an ensign (Fahnenjunker) and by 1913 a lieutenant. During the First World War, Weiss was transferred in 1915 to the Airmen's Squad (Fliegertruppe). On one of his battle deployments, he was shot down, as a result of which he lost his left leg. Nonetheless, in 1917, he was promoted to Oberleutnant before being transferred to the Bavarian War Ministry in 1918, shortly before the war ended. Through his activities in the Bavarian War Ministry's press department, Weiss came to journalism after the First World War. In 1920, when it turned out that the Reichswehr, which was busy reconstituting itself, could no longer find a job for him, he was discharged with the rank of captain.
Already by 1919, Weiss had been busying himself as a member of the state leadership of the Bavarian Inhabitants' Defence (Einwohnerwehr), through which he was appointed editor of the magazine Heimatland (Homeland), a publication with strongly NSDAP (the Nazi Party) leanings. He became involved early on in the völkisch movement and was a fervent devotee of Adolf Hitler's ideas. Before 1933, the year of the NSDAP's seizure of power, he was judicially sentenced many times for political misdeeds. However, after Hitler and the Nazi Party had come to power, Weiss organized the "equalization" of the press, though he also saw to it that individual journalists could keep their jobs despite the Editor Law (Schriftleitergesetz). Weiss never questioned Nazism.
NSDAP
In 1922 – as one of the first members – Weiss joined the Nazi Party and participated in the Beerhall Putsch and the March on the Feldherrnhalle.
Between 1924 and 1926, Weiss held a position as editor-in-chief of the Völkischer Kurier, until January 1927 when he became Office Chief at the editorial department of the Völkischer Beobachter (VB).
A military career advance came in 1930 when Weiss was appointed an SA-Oberführer on the Supreme SA Leadership's staff. At the same time, Weiss was given leadership of the SA press office. Besides his work on the VB, Weiss also functioned as editor-in-chief of the anti-Semitic magazine Die Brennessel ("Stinging Nettle"), and in 1932, he became leader of the Central Writing Leadership of the Nazi Party's central publishing house. Only in 1933 did Weiss become acting editor-in-chief, and as of 1938 as Alfred Rosenberg's successor, fully-fledged editor-in-chief of the VB.
Further important functions bestowed upon Weiss between 1933 and 1945 were leader of the Reich Association of the German Press, and in the same period Member of the Reichstag. Having been promoted to SA-Gruppenführer in February 1934, he functioned as of July in the same year as a member of the Volksgerichtshof. In 1935, Weiss became a member of the Reich Culture Senate, and in 1936 Main Office Leader (Hauptamtsleiter) in the Nazi Party's Reich leadership. In 1937 came Weiss's promotion to SA-Obergruppenführer.
Post-War
In 1945, after the Second World War had ended, Weiss was interned, and on 15 July 1949 a denazification court sentenced him to three years in a labour camp, confiscated 30% of his wealth, and placed a 10-year ban on his professional activities.
Shortly before he began his sentence, Wilhelm Weiss died, about a month short of his 58th birthday.
Books
Wilhelm Weiss (editor). Der Krieg im Westen (War in the West). Dargestellt nach den Berichten des Völkischen Beobachters. 301 pp. Eher Verlag, 1940. This popular book went through 5 editions by 1942.
Wilhelm Weiss (editor). Triumph der Kriegskunst (Triumph of the Art of War). Das Kriegsjahr 1940 in der Darstellung des "Völkischen Beobachters". With a contribution from Generalfeldmarschall Kesselring. Eher Verlag 1941. High ranking accounts of Norway and the Fall of France; contributors include Kesselring, Todt, Prentzel, Lutzow and others.
Wilhelm Weiss; Wilhelm Stuckart; Walter Buch; and others. Illustrierter Beobachter. Adolf Hitler - Ein Mann und sein Volk. Verlag Franz Eher Nachf., Munich (1936). This book is profusely Illustrated with reproductions of photos of Hitler from 1916 through 1936. It includes considerable text submitted by many prominent contributors in addition to Weiss and others listed.
References
External links
1892 births
1950 deaths
People from Stadtsteinach
Nazi Party politicians
Members of the Reichstag of the Weimar Republic
Members of the Reichstag of Nazi Germany
Nazis who participated in the Beer Hall Putsch
German editors
German male journalists
German Army personnel of World War I
People from the Kingdom of Bavaria
Sturmabteilung officers
Military personnel of Bavaria
German male writers
20th-century Freikorps personnel
20th-century German journalists
Nazis convicted of crimes
Nazi propagandists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wilhelm%20Weiss |
Teucrium polium, known popularly as felty germander, is a sub-shrub and herb native to the western Mediterranean region (Albania, North Macedonia, Spain, France, Algeria, Morocco, Tunisia). Its flowers are small and range from pink to white, and its leaves are used in cooking and for medicine.
Traditional medicine
Teucrium polium is used for various supposed treatments in traditional medicine, although it has potential for causing liver toxicity.
References
polium
Herbs
Plants described in 1753
Medicinal plants
Taxa named by Carl Linnaeus
Flora of Algeria | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Teucrium%20polium |
Basil Boioannes (, ; , ), in Italian called (), was the Byzantine catapan of Italy (1017 – 1027) and one of the greatest Byzantine generals of his time. His accomplishments enabled the Empire to reestablish itself as a major force in southern Italy after centuries of decline. Yet, the Norman adventurers introduced into the power structure of the Mezzogiorno would be the eventual beneficiaries.
Life
Upon his appointment by Emperor Basil II in December 1017, he immediately requested reinforcements from Constantinople to fight the insurgency of the Lombard general Melus of Bari and his Norman soldiery. The request was granted: a detachment of the elite Varangian Guard was sent. The two forces met on the river Ofanto near Cannae, the site of Hannibal's victory over the Romans in 216 BC. In the second Battle of Cannae, Boioannes achieved an equally decisive victory.
Boioannes protected his gains by immediately building a great fortress at the Apennine pass guarding the entrance to the Apulian plain. Troia, named after the ancient city of Asia Minor, was garrisoned by Boioannes' own contingent of Norman troops in 1019. Soon, all the Mezzogiorno had submitted to Byzantine authority, with the exception of the Duchy of Benevento, which remained faithful to the Papacy.
Frightened by the shift in momentum in the south, Pope Benedict VIII went north in 1020 to Bamberg to confer with the Holy Roman Emperor, Henry II. The Emperor took no immediate action, but events of the next year convinced him to intervene. Boioannes and his new ally Prince Pandulf IV of Capua marched on Melus' brother-in-law Dattus and captured his tower on the Garigliano. On 15 June, Dattus was tied up in a sack with a monkey, a rooster, and a snake and thrown into the sea. The next year, in response, a huge imperial army marched south to attack the new fortress of Troia. The garrison held out and never fell. Boioannes granted the town privileges for its loyalty.
In 1025, Boioannes was preparing to lead a Sicilian expedition with Basil II when the great emperor died. Constantine VIII, his co-ruler and successor, cancelled the expedition, and the catapan went north to aid Pandulf in retaking Capua, which Henry II had captured three years earlier. Boioannes offered the new prince of Capua, Pandulf of Teano, safe passage to Naples and accepted his surrender in May 1026. This was to be his last major campaign. In 1027, he was recalled. His replacements hardly lived up to the standard of military effectiveness he set. During the next century, Byzantine influence in Italy steadily declined to nil.
In 1041, Boioannes' son Exaugustus was named catapan, but he did not last a year in that post.
Sources
Norwich, John Julius. The Normans in the South 1016–1130. Longmans: London, 1967.
References
External links
History of the Norman World.
The Reign of Basil II.
11th-century deaths
11th-century catepans of Italy
Generals of Basil II
Year of birth unknown
Year of death unknown | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Basil%20Boioannes |
Crom or CROM may refer to:
Places
Crom, a townland in County Fermanagh, Northern Ireland
Crom Estate, a Northern Irish National Trust Property
Crom Castle
Ben Crom, a mountain in the Mourne Mountains in County Down, Northern Ireland
Croom Castle or Crom Castle, a castle in Croom, County Limerick, Ireland
Fiction and folklore
Crom Cruach, a deity of pre-Christian Ireland
Crom Dubh, a mythological and folkloric figure of Ireland
Crom, a fictional character in the 1982 film Tron played by Peter Jurasik
Crom (fictional deity), a fictional deity in the Conan the Barbarian world
Crom, a coal mining settlement in the Dragonriders of Pern science fiction series
People
Rick Crom (born 1957), American actor, singer, comedian, lyricist, and composer
Crom Ua Donnubáin or Crom O'Donovan (died 1254), the ancestor of O'Donovans later found in Carbery in County Cork,
Sports
The Adelaide Crows, an Australian rules football club that plays in the AFL
Other uses
Confederación Regional Obrera Mexicana (Regional Confederation of Mexican Workers), a federation of labor unions in Mexico
See also
Croom, County Limerick, Ireland
Ronan Le Crom (born 1974), French football goalkeeper
Chrom, a character in the Fire Emblem series | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crom |
Iddefjord ( or Idde Fjord; ); ) is a classic fjord with a narrow watercourse and steep natural formations on both sides. It runs along the Norwegian-Swedish border from the Singlefjord (). The Iddefjord separates the province of Bohuslän in the county of Västra Götaland in Sweden from the municipality of Halden in the county of Østfold in Norway. It opens to the Skagerrak via the Svinesund and Hvaler archipelago (a cluster of classic skerries). The outermost stretch is called the Ringdalsfjord (), but from the point where it makes a sharp bend and further south, it is called the Iddefjord. Like several other fjords, it was named after a part of its coast, in this case the parish of Idd.
References
Fjords of Viken
Halden
Fjords of Sweden
Norway–Sweden border
International fjords
Landforms of Västra Götaland County | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iddefjord |
Sleepaway Camp III: Teenage Wasteland (released as Nightmare Vacation III in the United Kingdom) is a 1989 American slasher film and the third installment in the Sleepaway Camp film series. Written by Fritz Gordon and directed by Michael A. Simpson, it stars Pamela Springsteen as Angela, Tracy Griffith, Mark Oliver, and Michael J. Pollard. Taking place one year after the events in the previous film, it again follows the same transgender serial killer, Angela, who is targeting more teenagers at another summer camp.
A fourth film called Sleepaway Camp IV: The Survivor was intended to be released in 1992, but production stopped after the company went bankrupt upon shooting less than forty minutes (which was followed by a DVD release of the footage and one of a cobbled together cut). In 2008, Return to Sleepaway Camp (2008), a direct sequel to the original film was released.
Plot
One year after the events of the second film, Maria is heading to camp. Suddenly, she is chased into an alleyway and run over by a garbage truck, driven by Angela, who throws Maria's body into the back and compacts it. Angela poses as Maria in order to board the bus to Camp New Horizons, which is the same location of Camp Rolling Hills.
After arriving, news reporter Tawny Richards asks Angela to get her some cocaine. Angela gives her Ajax cleaner instead, which kills Tawny when she snorts it. After the campers have settled in, camp counselors Herman and Lily Miranda and Officer Barney Whitmore split the campers into three groups. Angela is placed in a group with Herman, Snowboy, Peter and Jan.
While camping, Angela, leaving Snowboy and Peter to fish, finds Herman and Jan having sex and kills them both with a stick. That night, Angela sets off a firecracker in Peter's nose and burns Snowboy alive, along with the other bodies.
The next morning, Angela travels to Lily's campsite, where Bobby, Cindy, Riff and Arab are camping. Angela switches places with Arab and decapitates her with an axe. Lily sets the campers out on a trust building exercise where Angela, having grown tired of the girl’s whiny and bigoted behavior, attaches Cindy to a flag pole and drops her from a high height, killing her. After killing Cindy and grabbing the trash bag Lily wanted her to take out, she has a flashback of the cafeteria scene from the second film, after luring her outside of the kitchen, Angela buries Lily in a trash hole and runs over her head with a lawnmower. Angela then rips Bobby's arms off before stabbing Riff with tent spikes.
The following morning, Angela travels to the remaining camp, where Barney, Tony, Marcia, Anita and Greg are camping. Angela tells Barney she is supposed to switch with Marcia. Barney accompanies them and Angela fakes a leg injury. As Barney tends to Angela, Marcia discovers Lily's body, after Angela tells her that Lily is just doing nothing outside and for Marcia to see. Barney yells for Marcia to run. After a tense stand-off Angela shoots Barney dead. Angela catches up with Marcia and captures her.
That night, Angela ties the remaining campers together. She shows them the body of Barney and forces them to find Marcia in one of the cabins. Upon finding Marcia, Greg and Anita are killed by booby traps. Angela decides to let Marcia and Tony live but as she tries to leave Angela is stabbed numerous times by Marcia.
Marcia and Tony summon the police to the camp. Angela is taken to the hospital in an ambulance and she stabs a paramedic and a policeman with a syringe. When the ambulance driver asks what is going on, Angela replies "Just taking care of business".
Cast
Pamela Springsteen as Angela Baker / "Maria"
Tracy Griffith as Marcia Holland
Mark Oliver as Tony DeHerrera
Kim Wall as Cindy Hammersmith
Daryl Wilcher as Riff
Sandra Dorsey as Lily Miranda
Michael J. Pollard as Herman Miranda
Cliff Brand as Officer Barney Whitmore
Haynes Brooke as Bobby Stark
Kyle Holman as Snowboy
Jill Terashita as Arab
Kashina Kessler as Maria Nacastro
Randi Layne as Tawny Richards
Chung Yen Tsay as Greg Nakashima
Jarret Beal as Peter Doyle
Sonya Maddox as Anita Bircham
Stacie Lambert as Jan Hernandez
Production
Jerry Silva, who had served as a co-producer on Sleepaway Camp, approached Double Helix Films about producing a follow-up to the film. Michael Hitchcock, then a staffer at Double Helix, was assigned to write both Sleepaway Camp II: Unhappy Campers and Sleepaway Camp III: Teenage Wasteland and did so under the pseudonym of Fritz Gordon. Michael A. Simpson, a filmmaker based in Atlanta, was hired as director in the Fall of 1987 and shot both Sleepaway Camp II and Sleepaway Camp III back-to-back in order to keep the production budgets at $1 million or less.
Like the first sequel, the third film was shot at a YMCA youth camp in Atlanta and Waco, Georgia. The first two sequels were shot back-to-back, with Part 3 beginning production three days after the second film had finished; shooting took place from October 12 to October 31, 1987.
Several sequences of violence had to be trimmed in order for the MPAA to give the film an R rating. Anchor Bay Entertainment included some of this deleted footage on its 2002 DVD release.
According to the commentary from the 2002 Survival Kit DVD, production of this film began immediately after Sleepaway Camp II wrapped up and production of both films lasted a total of six weeks, ending on Halloween 1987 with the filming of the first scene of this movie in which Angela runs down Maria with a garbage truck. This scene was filmed in downtown Atlanta near the intersection of Mitchell St and Forsyth St.
Valerie Hartman, who portrayed the character of Ally in the previous film, is credited in the sequel as an assistant to the director and as a "raccoon wrangler".
Releases
Home media
Sleepaway Camp III was released on VHS in the United States by Nelson Entertainment on December 15, 1989.
The film has been released twice on DVD in the United States by Anchor Bay Entertainment, first in 2002 with a single DVD edition, as well as in the Sleepaway Camp Survival Kit. Both these releases are currently out of print.
Anchor Bay Entertainment also released the title on DVD in the United Kingdom on 31 May 2004.
Scream Factory, under license from MGM, released the film for the first time on Blu-ray, on June 9, 2015, along with Sleepaway Camp II: Unhappy Campers.
Reception
AllMovie gave it a negative review, writing Sleepaway Camp III: Teenage Wasteland is cheaper, dumber, and more profoundly pointless, light years away from the imagination of the first film and an insult to Sleepaway Camp fans".
The DVD review by William Harrison states that "Sleepaway Camp III: Teenage Wasteland runs on fumes despite some fun kills and another committed performance from Pamela Springsteen as murderous, transgender Angela Baker".
Bryan Kluger of High-Def Digest, reviewed the Blu-ray version of the film. His final thoughts about the film was that "Sleepaway Camp III: Teenage Wasteland is quite the entertaining film", adding that, according to him, "it's funnier than the other films in the franchise, and, of course, bloodier".
References
External links
Official Sleepaway Camp website
1989 comedy horror films
1989 LGBT-related films
1980s serial killer films
Sleepaway Camp 3
1980s teen comedy films
1980s teen horror films
American comedy horror films
American independent films
American sequel films
American serial killer films
American slasher films
American teen comedy films
American teen horror films
American teen LGBT-related films
Films shot in Atlanta
LGBT-related comedy horror films
Sleepaway Camp (film series)
Films about summer camps
Transgender-related films
Films set in 1989
1980s English-language films
1980s American films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sleepaway%20Camp%20III%3A%20Teenage%20Wasteland |
Cefradine (INN) or cephradine (BAN) is a first generation cephalosporin antibiotic.
Indications
Respiratory tract infections (such as tonsillitis, pharyngitis, and lobar pneumonia) caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococci and S. pneumoniae (formerly D. pneumonia).
Otitis media caused by group A beta-hemolytic streptococci, S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, and staphylococci.
Skin and skin structure infections caused by staphylococci (penicillin-susceptible and penicillin-resistant) and beta-hemolytic streptococci.
Urinary tract infections, including prostatitis, caused by E. coli, P. mirabilis and Klebsiella species.
Formulations
Cefradine is distributed in the form of capsules containing 250 mg or 500 mg, as a syrup containing 250 mg/5 ml, or in vials for injection containing 500 mg or 1 g.
It is not approved by the FDA for use in the United States.
Synthesis
Birch reduction of D-α-phenylglycine led to diene (2). This was N-protected using tert-butoxycarbonylazide and activated for amide formation via the mixed anhydride method using isobutylchloroformate to give 3. Mixed anhydride 3 reacted readily with 7-aminodesacetoxycephalosporanic acid to give, after deblocking, cephradine (5).
Production names
The antibiotic is produced under many brand names across the world.
Bangladesh: Ancef, Ancef forte, Aphrin, Avlosef, Cefadin, Cephadin, Cephran, Cephran-DS, Cusef, Cusef DS, Dicef , Dicef forte, Dolocef, Efrad, Elocef, Extracef, Extracef-DS, Intracef, Kefdrin, Lebac, Lebac Forte, Medicef, Mega-Cef, Megacin, Polycef, Procef, Procef, Procef forte, Rocef, Rocef Forte DS, Sefin, Sefin DS, Sefnin, Sefrad, Sefrad DS, Sefril, Sefril-DS, Sefro, Sefro-HS, Sephar, Sephar-DS, Septa, Sinaceph, SK-Cef, Sk-Cef DS, Supracef and Supracef-F, Torped, Ultrasef, Vecef, Vecef-DS, Velogen, Sinaceph, Velox
China: Cefradine, Cephradine, Kebili, Saifuding, Shen You, Taididing, Velosef, Xianyi, and Xindadelei
Colombia: Cefagram, Cefrakov, Cefranil , Cefrex, and Kliacef
Egypt: Cefadrin, Cefadrine, Cephradine, Cephraforte, Farcosef, Fortecef, Mepadrin, Ultracef, and Velosef
France: Dexef
Hong Kong: Cefradine and ChinaQualisef-250
Indonesia: Dynacef, Velodine, and Velodrom
Lebanon: Eskacef, Julphacef, and Velosef
Lithuania: Tafril
Myanmar: Sinaceph
Oman: Ceframed, Eskasef, Omadine, and Velocef
Pakistan: Abidine, Ada-Cef, Ag-cef, Aksosef, Amspor, Anasef, Antimic, Atcosef, Bactocef, Biocef, Biodine, Velora, Velosef
Peru: Abiocef, Cefradinal, Cefradur, Cefrid, Terbodina II, Velocef, Velomicin
Philippines: Altozef, Racep, Senadex, Solphride, Yudinef, Zefadin, Zefradil, and Zolicef
Poland: Tafril
Portugal: Cefalmin, Cefradur
South Africa: Cefril A
South Korea: Cefradine and Tricef
Taiwan: Cefadin, Cefamid, Cefin, Cekodin, Cephradine, Ceponin, Lacef, Licef-A, Lisacef, Lofadine, Recef, S-60, Sefree, Sephros, Topcef, Tydine, Unifradine, and U-Save
UK: Cefradune (Kent)
Vietnam: Eurosefro and Incef
See also
Cephapirin
Cephacetrile
Cefamandole
Ampicillin (Has the same chemical formula)
Notes
References
Cephalosporin antibiotics
Enantiopure drugs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cefradine |
A head shadow (or acoustic shadow) is a region of reduced amplitude of a sound because it is obstructed by the head. It is an example of diffraction.
Sound may have to travel through and around the head in order to reach an ear. The obstruction caused by the head can account for attenuation (reduced amplitude) of overall intensity as well as cause a filtering effect. The filtering effects of head shadowing are an essential element of sound localisation—the brain weighs the relative amplitude, timbre, and phase of a sound heard by the two ears and uses the difference to interpret directional information.
The shadowed ear, the ear further from the sound source, receives sound slightly later (up to approximately 0.7 ms later) than the unshadowed ear, and the timbre, or frequency spectrum, of the shadowed sound wave is different because of the obstruction of the head.
The head shadow causes particular difficulty in sound localisation in people suffering from unilateral hearing loss. It is a factor to consider when correcting hearing loss with directional hearing aids.
See also
Interaural intensity difference
Hearing
References
Sources
Acoustics
Otology | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Head%20shadow |
Booker T. Washington High School is a high school in Tulsa, Oklahoma. It was named after the African-American education pioneer Booker T. Washington. It is part of the Tulsa Public Schools system.
Overview
Booker T. Washington is a public high school that accepts students based upon their academic merit, rather than their geographical location. The school uses applicants' middle school grades and attendance record, as well as their Iowa Tests of Educational Development scores, to determine admission. To ensure greater ethnic, economic, and intellectual diversity, students who live in historically minority and economically depressed neighborhoods are offered preferential consideration.
History
Oklahoma statehood brought about segregated schools for African-American children. The first such school in Tulsa was a two-room wooden building built in 1908 on Hartford Avenue, between Cameron and Easton Streets. It served grades 1 through 8 until 1913. In that year, Dunbar Grade School opened at 504 Easton Street in an 18-room brick building, with a four-room frame building that served as a high school.
Booker T. Washington High School was founded in 1913, with a class of fourteen students and a staff of two teachers. The principal was E.W. Woods, a native of Louisville, Mississippi, who had just moved to Tulsa from Memphis, Tennessee. According to legend, Woods walked all the way from Tennessee to Oklahoma when he learned the new school was advertising for a principal. The original school building was at the corner of Elgin Avenue and Easton Street, in the Greenwood district of Tulsa.
By 1920, the four-room high school had been replaced by a three-story brick building. This continued to operate for nearly three decades.
Tulsa Race Massacre
The high school escaped destruction during the Tulsa Race Massacre of 1921. Immediately after the massacre, the American Red Cross used the building as its headquarters for relief activities. About 2,000 people were temporarily sheltered there. A hospital facility was set up, along with a dental clinic, a venereal disease clinic, and a medical dispensary. The Red Cross inoculated about 1,800 refugees against tetanus, typhoid and smallpox.
Desegregation
The Tulsa Public Schools district was slow to react to the U.S. Supreme Court ruling that de jure racial segregation was unconstitutional in the Brown v. Board of Education decision in 1954, and the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which outlawed all racial segregation in the United States. During the 1970-71 school year a small number of progressive Caucasian students voluntarily transferred to Booker T. Washington in a special program called "Metro." The program was successful as a proof that voluntary desegregation would work at Booker T. Washington High. In 1973 Booker T. Washington was chosen to be the vehicle for Tulsa's school desegregation program. Tulsa was - and still is - racially divided along north–south lines, and the school was in historically African-American north Tulsa, making this the first integration program in a historically African-American school.
The Tulsa School Board established a system of desegregation busing. As part of this policy, Booker T. Washington became a magnet school; it no longer had a home neighborhood from which students were accepted. Students instead had to apply for admission and were drawn from across the district. A racial quota system was established and, until the 2004–2005 school year, 45% of the students accepted identified themselves as "white," 45% as "black," and 10% came from other ethnic categories. However, in 2003, the Supreme Court ruled in Grutter v. Bollinger and Gratz v. Bollinger that quota systems constituted racial discrimination and violated the Constitution. Booker T. Washington High School accepted the ruling and eliminated their quota system in favor of a system based on geography. Due to Tulsa's regional demographics, this system is calibrated to maintain a similar racial distribution to the old quota system.
Present day
The fourth home of the Booker T. Washington High School opened at 1631 E. Woodrow Place in September 1950, graduating its first class in 1951. That building was replaced by a new one at the same location in 2003.
Booker T. Washington was one of the first Tulsa public high schools to offer Advanced Placement courses and began offering the International Baccalaureate program in 1983.
The 2003–2004 school year marked the 90th anniversary of Booker T. Washington and the dedication of a new $25 million, school building. This building was designed to encompass the rich heritage of the school and tried to incorporate many themes from the previous facility. A portion of the original building has been preserved.
Academics and administration
Booker T. Washington is accredited by the International Baccalaureate Organization (IBO) to grant the IB Diploma to students who complete the two-year programme. Booker T. also offers Advanced Placement courses, with the exception of AP Italian Language and Culture and AP United States Government and Politics. Advanced Placement and International Baccalaureate courses are taught in English, math, social studies, science, computer health, foreign language, and the arts.
Booker T. Washington High School was part of a study by the Education Trust and the ACT. Published in 2005, On Course for Success focused on high performing, diversely populated schools that provide students with college-preparatory courses, qualified teachers, flexible teaching styles, and extra tutorial support. The study identified specific academic skills that should to be taught to high school students to prepare graduates for college. The study focused on English, math, and science courses, and claimed that Booker T. Washington was "doing things right."
The school offers eight world languages: Spanish, French, German, Latin, Chinese, Japanese, Italian, and Russian. All are offered through level V. In 2005, 81% of the student body was enrolled in a world language, and 10% was enrolled in a level IV language class or higher. Booker T. Washington has active exchange programs with China, Japan, Russia, Germany, Mexico, Paraguay, Venezuela, India, and many European countries.
In 2010, Booker T. Washington placed 74th in Newsweek magazine's list of the top 100 public high schools in the US. The magazine ranked high schools according to the ratio of Advanced Placement or International Baccalaureate tests taken by all students to the number of graduating seniors.
State championships
Academic Bowl 20: 1991, 1992, 1994, 1996, 1997, 1999, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2004, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2011, 2012, 2013, 2016, 2019, 2020, 2021
Speech And Debate 10: 1978, 1979, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2000, 2012, 2013, 2015
National championships
Academic Bowl: 1992 and 2008
NFL Lincoln Douglas Debate: 1983
NFL Poetry Interpretation: 1998
NFL United States Extemporaneous Speaking: 2013, 2014, 2016
Athletics
Booker T. Washington has won 53 state championships. Several former Booker T. athletes have gone on to the NFL and NBA, such as Wayman Tisdale and Robert Meachem. Booker T. plays home football games at S.E. Williams Stadium.
In 2011, Booker T. Washington's 2010-2011 repeat 5A State Championship Basketball team was ranked No. 20 in the RivalsHigh100 top basketball teams in the nation.
State championships
Boys' Basketball 16: 1973, 1977, 1981, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1987, 1995, 1996, 1997, 1999, 2001, 2002, 2010, 2011, 2019
Girls' Basketball 3: 2008, 2009, 2013, 2017
Football 9: 1967, 1968, 1969, 1971, 1973, 1984, 2008,2010, 2017
Boys' Soccer 7: 1985, 1992, 1997, 1998, 2000, 2001, 2008
Girls' Soccer: 2018, 2019
Boys' Swimming: 3: 1981, 1985, 2018
Boys' Track 4: 1970, 1979, 1982, 1984
Girls' Track 9: 1974, 1990, 1992, 1993, 1994, 1997, 2004, 2005, 2010
Wrestling 4: 1976, 1977, 1978, 1979
Volleyball 2: 1976, 2011
Notable alumni
Athletics
Wayman Tisdale – NBA - 1985 2nd overall draft pick (Indiana Pacers), forward, 1985–1997, multiple teams; 1983, 1984 and 1985 first-team All-America, University of Oklahoma; 1984 Olympic gold medalist; jazz bassist and recording artist
Etan Thomas – NBA - 2000 12th overall draft pick (Dallas Mavericks), forward/center, Washington Wizards, 2000–09; 2000 Big East Conference Defensive Player of the Year, Syracuse University
Mark Anderson – NFL - 2006 159th overall draft pick, defensive end, Chicago Bears, Houston Texans, New England Patriots University of Alabama
Roy Foster – MLB - outfielder, Cleveland Indians, 1970–1972
Reuben Gant – NFL - 1974 18th overall draft pick, tight end (Buffalo Bills)
Justice Hill – NFL - 2019 113th overall draft pick, running back, Baltimore Ravens
Daxton Hill – NFL - 2022 31st overall draft pick, defensive back, Cincinnati Bengals
R. W. McQuarters – NFL - 1998 28th overall draft pick (San Francisco 49ers), cornerback, New York Giants, 2006–08, 2008 Super Bowl winner with Giants
Robert Meachem – NFL - 2007 27th overall draft pick, wide receiver, New Orleans Saints, 2010 Super Bowl winner with Saints; 2006 All-America, University of Tennessee
Kenny Monday – 3-time Olympic wrestler - 1988 welterweight gold medalist and 1992 welterweight silver medalist; 2x NCAA champion
Ryan Humphrey – NBA - 2002 19th overall draft pick (Utah Jazz), forward, 2002–2005, multiple teams
Felix Jones – NFL - 2008 22nd overall draft pick, running back, Dallas Cowboys, 2008–12; 2006 and 2007 All-America (as kick returner), University of Arkansas
Tommy Manning – runner and member of 2010 U.S. Mountain Running Team
J. W. Lockett – NFL - fullback, Dallas Cowboys and Montreal Alouettes
Tyler Lockett – NFL - 2015 69th overall draft pick, wide receiver and returner, Seattle Seahawks, 2011 and 2014 All-American at Kansas State University; father Kevin Lockett and uncle Aaron Lockett also went to Booker T. Washington and both played in the NFL
Garrick McGee – offensive coordinator, University of Illinois
Michael Nsien – MLS - Defender, Los Angeles Galaxy, 2005; USL Championship Head Coach, Tulsa Roughnecks
Other notable alumni
John Hope Franklin — historian and recipient of the Presidential Medal of Freedom
Allan Heinberg — film scriptwriter, wrote scripts for Grey's Anatomy, writer for Marvel Comic, screenwriter of Wonder Woman (2017)
Brennan Brown - actor, Chicago Med and The Man in the High Castle
Josh Fadem - comedian
Judy Eason McIntyre — State Senator for District 11 in Oklahoma
Denver Nicks — journalist and author
Dan Piraro — syndicated cartoonist: Bizarro
Thaddeus Strassberger — opera director
Amber Valletta — model and actress
Charlie Wilson (1971) and Ronnie Wilson (1966) — R&B singer-songwriter-producer and the former lead vocalist for The Gap Band. Collaborator of Kanye West, Snoop Dogg, R. Kelly, Justin Timberlake, and will.i.am
Daniel H. Wilson — columnist for Popular Mechanics and author of How to Survive a Robot Uprising: Tips on Defending Yourself Against the Coming Rebellion
Notable faculty
Tom Adelson - State Senator, teaches Political Philosophy
Shea Seals - head basketball coach, former NBA Player
John Waldron - Social studies teacher, elected State Representative, 2018.
See also
List of things named after Booker T. Washington
References
External links
School Web Site
Booker T. Washington National Alumni Association
Speech and Debate Team Website
The "Newsweek" article with the complete list of the top 1,000 U.S. high schools
The International Baccalaureate Organization website
The Advanced Placement Program website
The "On Course for Success" report
1913 establishments in Oklahoma
Educational institutions established in 1913
African-American history in Tulsa, Oklahoma
International Baccalaureate schools in Oklahoma
Public high schools in Oklahoma
Tulsa Public Schools schools
Historically segregated African-American schools in Oklahoma | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Booker%20T.%20Washington%20High%20School%20%28Oklahoma%29 |
This is a list of the top selling singles and top sellings albums in Ireland in 2005.
Top selling singles
"You Raise Me Up" – Westlife
"Lonely" – Akon
"(Is This the Way to) Amarillo" – Tony Christie featuring Peter Kay
"Axel F" – Crazy Frog
"Ghetto Gospel" – 2Pac
"You're Beautiful" – James Blunt
"Don't Cha" – The Pussycat Dolls featuring Busta Rhymes
"JCB Song" – Nizlopi
"Bad Day" – Daniel Powter
"Push the Button" – Sugababes
Top selling albums
Back To Bedlam – James Blunt
Gift Grub 6: The Special One – Mario Rosenstock
Face to Face – Westlife
X&Y – Coldplay
Breakaway – Kelly Clarkson
Curtain Call: The Hits – Eminem
Hot Fuss – The Killers
Confessions on a Dancefloor – Madonna
American Idiot – Green Day
Ancora – Il Divo
Notes:
*Compilation albums are not included.
See also
List of songs that reached number one on the Irish Singles Chart
List of artists who reached number one in Ireland
External links
IRMA Official Site
2005 in Irish music
2005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20best-selling%20singles%20and%20albums%20of%202005%20in%20Ireland |
Franklin Square station is an unused, underground rapid transit station on the PATCO Speedline, operated by the Delaware River Port Authority. It is located under Franklin Square in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States. Opened on June 7, 1936, the station was the first westbound and final eastbound station in Philadelphia, located just west of the Benjamin Franklin Bridge which carries trains over the Delaware River. The station has been opened for four separate intervals, each time eventually being closed for low ridership. , the station was being refurbished and was expected to reopen in April 2024.
History
The station first opened on June 7, 1936, along with 8th Street in Philadelphia and City Hall and Broadway in Camden, New Jersey, as part of Philadelphia Rapid Transit's Bridge Line service. The station was open for several intervals, each time eventually being closed for low ridership. Most recently, the station was refurbished and reopened as a PATCO station in 1976, coinciding with the United States Bicentennial celebration. The station remained open until 1979, when it was closed again due to low ridership. Approximate years of operation were 1936–1939, 1943–1946, 1952–1953, and 1976–1979, with sources varying on the details.
All PATCO trains pass through Franklin Square upon crossing the Benjamin Franklin Bridge and entering Philadelphia. The platform and walkway are visible when looking out of the left side of the train. From the surface, entrances are visible, but sealed by concrete.
Planned reopening
In 2009, the Delaware River Port Authority (DRPA, parent agency of PATCO) announced that it was commissioning a design plan for renovating, modernizing and reopening the Franklin Square station. As of December 2016:
Projections now are at about 1,500 [riders] a day… DRPA's CEO, John Hanson, said a five-year, $28.2 million plan is now in place for the eventual reopening. The DRPA board recently approved moving ahead. Design work will come first, beginning in 2017. Requests for quotations from engineering firms are due near the end of January. Then comes a short list. The project will include a modern design, better lighting, improved security, new tile, replacing and securing waterlines, a new entryway on at Race and 7th Streets and an elevator to the station, likely somewhere in Franklin Square Park. The heavy construction work may not happen until 2020, with the opening the following year.
By 2018, it was announced that the station would be rebuilt starting in April 2020. The United States Department of Transportation gave PATCO officials a $12.6 million grant for the project in November 2019. Due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Pennsylvania, the start of construction was delayed to mid-2021, with an expected opening in 2024. The work involved upgrades to the station's mechanical, electrical, and structural systems.
References
External links
"Ghost station: Franklin Square". Story by Paul Nussbaum & photos by Colin Kerrigan. Philadelphia Inquirer. March 19, 2015.
PATCO Speedline stations in Philadelphia
Railway stations in Philadelphia
Abandoned rapid transit stations
Railway stations in the United States opened in 1936
Railway stations closed in 1979
1936 establishments in Pennsylvania
1979 disestablishments in Pennsylvania
Railway stations located underground in Pennsylvania
Railway stations scheduled to open in 2024
Railway stations in the United States closed in the 1970s | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Franklin%20Square%20station |
The Beggar is a 1965 novella by Naguib Mahfouz about the failure to find meaning in existence. It is set in post-revolutionary Cairo during the time of Gamal Abdel Nasser.
Plot summary
The book opens with the main character Omar going to visit a doctor, who was one of his friends from his youth, because he has become sick of life. The doctor tells him that there is nothing physically wrong with him, and tells him that he won’t be ill if he goes on a diet and takes regular exercise. Both the diet and a vacation make no difference to him though.
In his youth Omar was a poet and a socialist. He gave up both in order to become a lawyer, and now that he has reached the age of forty-five he can no longer find meaning in his life and he has effectively given up working. He met his wife Zeinab in his youth. She was a Christian called Kamelia Fouad and she converted to Islam, and lost her family in order to marry him. He promised that he would never desert her. She took up the role of supporting him and has proved to be the backbone of their bourgeois life together. As his malady grows he becomes more distant from her.
He tries to escape his condition through love. He first meets a foreign singer called Margaret. When she unexpectedly leaves Egypt, he gets together with an oriental dancer called Warda. He falls in love with her, and she with him and they set up home together. Initially Omar’s illness seems to pass in the excitement of love. Zeinab, who is pregnant, is first suspicious and then is told of his new lover. Omar moves out to be with Warda, who quits her job to be with him. This love however fails to lift him out of his illness for long, and he makes contact with Margaret again when he sees her back at her club. He then goes through a succession of women, including prostitutes, trying to pull himself out of his sickness, but it is all to no avail.
One dawn he is out near the pyramids and he feels a momentary joy, which connects him to all life. He feels light and at peace, but he soon feels the illness again. Although he tries to win this feeling again he is never able to.
He returns home but feels suffocated there. One day Othman Khalil turns up in his office. Othman had been his socialist comrade in his youth who had been caught by the police, but hadn’t given out his connections with Omar, despite having been tortured. He has only just been released from prison. Othman is disconcerted to find Omar as a sceptic, as he has hung onto all of his socialist orthodoxies.
As writing poetry has also failed to cure him, in an attempt to regain the peace he felt by the pyramids, Omar goes off to live by himself in the countryside. He slips into delirium but still the calm he desires escapes him. After a year and a half Othman, who has got involved in politics again, turns up at the house escaping from the police, but Omar thinks he is an illusion. Omar is shot and wounded as the police catch Othman. Omar feels he is returning to the world as he is brought back to Cairo.
1965 novels
Novels by Naguib Mahfouz
Novels set in Cairo
Egyptian novellas
Anchor Books books | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Beggar%20%28novella%29 |
Never So Few is a 1959 CinemaScope Metrocolor war film, directed by John Sturges and starring Frank Sinatra, Gina Lollobrigida, Peter Lawford, Steve McQueen, Richard Johnson, Paul Henreid, Brian Donlevy, Dean Jones, Charles Bronson, and Philip Ahn, and featuring uncredited roles by renowned Asian actors Mako, George Takei and James Hong. The script was loosely based on an actual OSS Detachment 101 incident recorded in a 1957 novel by Tom T. Chamales. Sinatra's character of Captain Tom Reynolds is based on a real OSS officer and, later, sheriff of Sangamon County, Illinois, U.S. Navy Lt. Meredith Rhule.
Plot
Burma, 1943. American and British forces under the OSS join with native Kachin to hold back Japanese invaders, albeit with limited supplies and medical care. Captains Tom Reynolds and Danny De Mortimer fly to Calcutta to rectify both problems. While there, they are told to select any unattached army doctor for transfer to their unit. Later, while on furlough, they travel to a resort where Tom falls in love with Carla, mistress to a mysterious businessman. Tom and Danny also meet a doctor, Captain Travis. Much to his objections, they tag Travis for transfer to their unit, along with a tough, resourceful "kid" corporal named Ringa.
Back at their unit, Tom and Danny throw a Christmas bash with lots of drinking. The proceedings, however, are interrupted by a surprise Japanese raid. It is a costly affair. Some are killed, and many, including Tom, are wounded. They are transported to a Calcutta hospital for recovery. Upon their return, the unit assaults a Japanese-held airstrip. The mission succeeds but results in many lives lost. On their way back to base, they come across a destroyed American convoy. Evidence indicates renegade Chinese were responsible. Tom orders a pursuit. They find the Chinese camp, locate their supply tent, and come upon several dozen American dog tags and personal effects. Shocked and outraged, Tom realizes Chinese have been killing American soldiers.
Tom radios OSS headquarters. He gets a reply ordering him to base as the Chungking government has lodged a complaint. While Tom consults with his officers, a Chinese soldier kills Danny. Tom angrily sends a message to OSS rebuffing their demand. He then orders Ringa to execute the prisoners. When Tom reports to OSS in Calcutta, he is placed under house arrest. There, he encounters an angry, vindictive officer from Washington, General Sloan, who tells Tom he is there to see him hang. Tom replies by showing the general a crate of American dog tags found at the renegade camp. Sloan quietly admits to being sickened by the sight. Hours later, when an arrogant Chinese representative, Gen. Chao, struts on the scene and demands an official apology, Sloan tells Chao, "You go to hell." Exonerated, Tom is freed and reunites with Carla before returning to the Kachin and the war.
Cast
Release
Steve McQueen
Rat Pack cohort Sammy Davis, Jr. was originally slated to play McQueen's role, but Sinatra yanked it away after Davis mildly criticized Sinatra during a radio interview. McQueen was mainly noted at the time for the television series Wanted: Dead or Alive and the horror movie The Blob. Never So Few marked his introduction to working with director John Sturges, who went on to cast McQueen in his breakout role the following year, as second lead in The Magnificent Seven, and later as the motorcycle-jumping lead in the classic The Great Escape.
On the original US one-sheet theatrical poster (see infobox above), only Sinatra and Lollobrigida were top billed. As illustrated to the right, in the 1967 re-release McQueen's credit was moved above the title, and he was featured prominently in the artwork.
In a similar move, Sinatra later recast the role of Rat Pack colleague Peter Lawford after Lawford failed to deliver his brother-in-law President John F. Kennedy for a stay at Sinatra's house, giving Lawford's part in Robin and the 7 Hoods to Bing Crosby, Kennedy's choice as host for his visit. Sinatra never spoke to Lawford again.
Reception
Box office
According to MGM records the film was popular, earning $3,020,000 in the US and Canada and $2,250,000 elsewhere, but because of its high cost resulted in a loss of $1,155,000.
Critical response
Opening to middling reviews, Never So Few was praised for its action sequences, but criticized for a romantic sub-plot that bogged the film down. Newcomer McQueen garnered the bulk of the film's good notice. Variety commented that "Steve McQueen has a good part, and he delivers with impressive style." And after viewing the film, The New York Times
critic Bosley Crowther sarcastically proclaimed, "Frank Sinatra has been tapped to succeed Errol Flynn as the most fantastically romantic representation of the warrior breed on the screen."
References
External links
Variety Review
1959 films
1959 war films
Films directed by John Sturges
Films set in 1943
War romance films
Office of Strategic Services in fiction
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer films
Films scored by Hugo Friedhofer
Films set in Myanmar
Films shot in Sri Lanka
Burma Campaign films
1950s English-language films
American World War II films
American romance films
1950s American films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Never%20So%20Few |
The Buick Bengal was a concept roadster designed and built by Buick. It was first shown to the public at the 2001 North American International Auto Show in Detroit, Michigan.
History
The Bengal was an attempt to rejuvenate the Buick line, and make it seem more appealing to younger people. It was powered by a supercharged 3.4L V6, which was mated to a six speed manual transmission. The transmission was mounted ahead of the engine, to allow a more forward placement of the front wheels to improve handling.
Though a 2-seater roadster in general design, the rear decklid can be lifted to reveal two extra seats. One of the most desirable features of the Bengal is its voice activated controls. The car is able to distinguish over 100 commands given to it by voice, which can operate various things from the headlights, windshield wipers, and convertible top, to the heater, navigation system, seat adjustments, and cruise control. The system was named Quiet Servant and it was developed by Visteon Corporation. The dashboard is free of traditional gauges, everything instead is displayed on demand on a single flat panel screen.
In 2001 Buick claimed they wanted to put the Bengal into production, but plans were shelved until 2004 when they revealed the Velite concept, which is a more realistic roadster design.
References
Bengal
Cars introduced in 2001
Roadsters | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buick%20Bengal |
Stewart Morrill (born July 25, 1952) is an American college basketball coach and the former head coach of the Utah State University men's basketball team.
Morrill was an All-American at Ricks College and a two-time All-Big Sky selection for Gonzaga University. He started his coaching career in 1974 as an assistant at Gonzaga, and continued at the University of Montana under Mike Montgomery in 1978. In the spring of 1986, he was promoted to head coach of the Grizzlies, and led them to an NCAA berth in 1991. Morrill coached at Colorado State University from 1991 to 1998 before resigning to go to Utah State.
Morrill and Utah State gained national attention in March 2001 for their 77–68 upset of Ohio State in overtime in the NCAA tournament.
On January 17, 2008, in an 82–78 victory over Boise State, Morrill logged his 226th Aggie victory, passing E. Lowell Romney to become the winningest coach in Utah State basketball history.
Morrill has a record of 602–281 overall (.682), and 384–143 (.729) with Utah State. His 500th win came in January 2010 at Idaho, coached by his former assistant, Don Verlin. He has also racked up an incredible home record of in the Dee Glen Smith Spectrum as coach of the Aggies. Following a victory over San Jose State on March 9, 2009, Morrill became the only coach in Utah State history to have back-to-back undefeated seasons at home, extending the streak to 34 straight home wins. He is also the only Utah State coach to win thirty games in one season, a feat he accomplished in the 2008–09 season, and the 2010–11 season. During the 2009–10 season, he became the only Utah State basketball coach to win three straight regular season conference championships. The next year, he won his fourth straight regular season conference championship. Although he has a very impressive regular season record, he did not find success in the NCAA tournament, posting the second worst record, for any coach that has made the NCAA tournament five or more times. He also has a record of 0–6 in the NIT.
With Morrill at the helm, the Aggies were one of only three Division I teams to have won at least 23 games from 1999 to 2011. The other schools are Gonzaga and Kansas. All throughout the 2000s and early 2010s under Morrill, Utah State (.764) had the fourth-best winning percentage in the nation behind Duke (.831), Kansas (.809) and Gonzaga (.799).
On January 9, 2015, USU announced that Morrill would retire at the end of the 2014–2015 season.
Head coaching record
See also
List of college men's basketball coaches with 600 wins
References
1952 births
Living people
American Latter Day Saints
American men's basketball coaches
American men's basketball players
Basketball coaches from Utah
Basketball players from Utah
Brigham Young University–Idaho alumni
College men's basketball head coaches in the United States
Colorado State Rams men's basketball coaches
Gonzaga Bulldogs men's basketball coaches
Gonzaga Bulldogs men's basketball players
Junior college men's basketball players in the United States
Montana Grizzlies basketball coaches
Sportspeople from Provo, Utah
Utah State Aggies men's basketball coaches | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stew%20Morrill |
Fiona Banner (born 1966), also known as The Vanity Press is a British artist. Her work encompasses sculpture, drawing, installation and text, and demonstrates a long-standing fascination with the emblem of fighter aircraft and their role within culture and especially as presented on film. She is well known for her early works in the form of 'wordscapes', written transcriptions of the frame-by-frame action in Hollywood war films, including Top Gun and Apocalypse Now. Her work has been exhibited in prominent international venues such as the Museum of Modern Art, New York and Hayward Gallery, London. Banner was shortlisted for the Turner Prize in 2002.
Life
Fiona Banner was born on Merseyside, North West England in 1966. She studied at Kingston University and completed her MA at Goldsmiths College of Art in 1993. The next year she held her first solo exhibition at City Racing. Since graduating from Goldsmiths College of Art, Banner has continued to evolve an important, considered and interrelated practice, rooted in language. Publishing, in the broadest sense, is central to her practice.
In 1995, she was included in General Release: Young British Artists held at the XLVI Venice Biennale.
Since 1994 Banner has created handwritten and printed texts - 'wordscapes' - that retell in her own words entire feature films, including Point Break (1991) and The Desert (1994), or particular scenarios in detail. Her work took the form of solid single blocks of text, often the same shape and size as a cinema screen. She also investigates the formal components of written language, giving significance to the symbols that punctuate sentences.
In 1997, when she published THE NAM, she started working under the imprint of The Vanity Press, and has since published an extensive archive of books, objects and performances, many questioning the notion of authorship and copyright. For Banner, the act of publishing is itself a performative one. Consequently, her work resits traditional notions of grandeur and exclusivity, instead deploying a pseudo formality that is playful and provocative. THE NAM is a 1,000-page book which describes the plots of six Vietnam films in their entirety: the films are Apocalypse Now, Born on the Fourth of July, The Deer Hunter, Full Metal Jacket, Hamburger Hill and Platoon.
Following her shows at the , and Dundee Contemporary Arts, Banner was nominated for the Turner Prize in 2002.
Since early 2000, Banner has been working with pornographic film as a basis for an exploration of our obsession with sex, and the extreme limits of written communication. In large, densely filled works she transcribe the varied sexual activities taking place in Asswoman in Wonderland, starring Tiffany Minx, who also directed this X-rated version of Alice's fictional adventures. Banner's own Arsewoman in Wonderland (2001), presented in the Turner Prize exhibition, is a 4 x 6 m printed description of the film pasted and layered sheet after sheet onto the wall like and overladen billboard. 'I wanted to make some work about sex but I couldn't describe it. I was too close to it and I did not have the words that close to hand. I looked again at ports as a way of investigating my own taboo. Just as with the war films I enjoyed it but found it hard to grasp; it was intimate yet distant, seductive yet sometimes repulsive. My response to the film was very emotional.' The Guardian asked, "It's art. But is it porn?" calling in "Britain's biggest porn star", Ben Dover, to comment. The prize was won that year by Lancastrian artist Keith Tyson.
In 2009 she issued herself an International Standard Book Number and registered herself as a publication under her own name.
In 2010, she was selected to create the 10th Duveen Hall commission at Tate Britain for which she transformed and displayed two decommissioned Royal Air Force fighter jets.
On 1 October 2010, in an open letter to the British government's culture secretary Jeremy Hunt—co-signed by a further 27 previous Turner prize nominees, and 19 winners—Banner opposed any future cuts in public funding for the arts. In the letter the cosignatories described the arts in Britain as a "remarkable and fertile landscape of culture and creativity."
Banner’s work includes sculpture, drawing and installation; text is the core of her oeuvre. She is one of the "key names", along with Jake and Dinos Chapman, Gary Hume, Sam Taylor-Wood, Tacita Dean and Douglas Gordon, of the Young British Artists.
Other works
- Onyx, Bookman, Courier 2018 Full stop inflatables (Installation Breeder, Athens)
- SS19 The Walk (and Buoys Boys) 2018 High definition digital film (Installation Breeder, Athens)
- SS19 The Walk 2018 Performed at DRAFx: An Evening of Performances (o2 Kentish Town Forum, London)
- Buoys Boys 2016, Full Stop inflatables, Sculptural performance (De La Warr Pavilion, Bexhill-on-sea)
- Buoys Boys 2016, High definition digital film
- STAMP OUT PHOTOGRAPHIE 2014 (V-A-C collection Whitechapel Gallery, London)
- 1066 2012 Wall projection (Turner Contemporary, England)
- The Exquisite Corpse Will Drink the Young Wine 2012 Musical Performance / Screening (The Welsh Congregational Chapel, Borough, London)
- Performance Nude 2010 Performance with David Salas (Claire de Rouen / Other Criteria Book Launch, London)
- Mirror 2007 Performance with Samantha Morton (Whitechapel Gallery, London)
Exhibitions
1994
- Pushing Back The Edge Of The Envelope, City Racing, London
1995
- Viewing Room, Luhring Augustine Gallery, New York
1997
- The Nam - 1000 page all text flick book, London
- Only the Lonely, Frith Street Gallery, London
1998
- Art Now, Tate Britain, London
- LOVE DOUBLE, Barbara Thumm Gallery, Berlin
1999
- Statements, Basel Art Fair
- ASTERISK, Gesellschaft für Aktuelle Kunst, Bremen
- Don't Look Back, Brooke Alexander, New York
- THE NAM and Related Material, Printed Matter, New York
- STOP, Frith Street Gallery, London
2000
-Soixante-Neuf, Charles H Scott Gallery, Emily Carr Institute, Vancouver
2001
- ARSEWOMAN, Murray Guy, New York
- ARSEWOMAN, Barbara Thumm Gallery, Berlin
- Rainbow, 24/7, Hayward Gallery, London
2002
- My Plinth is Your Lap, Neuer Aachener Kunstverein, Aachen
- My Plinth is Your Lap, Dundee Contemporary Arts, Dundee
2003
- Fiona Banner, 1301PE, Los Angeles, CA
2006
- Arsenal, Barbara Thumm Gallery, Berlin
- Arsewoman in Wonderland, Barbara Thumm Gallery, Berlin
2007
- Peace On Earth, Tate Britain, London
- Every Word Unmade, Barbara Thumm Gallery, Berlin
- The Bastard Word, Power Plant, Toronto
2010
- The Naked Ear, Frith Street Gallery, London
- Harrier and Jaguar, Tate Britain Duveens Commission 2010, Tate Britain, London
- Tornado, Co-commission by Locus+ and Great North Run Culture, 2010, Newcastle
- All the World's Fighter Planes, Musée d'art de Joliette, Québec
2011
- Snoopy Vs The Red Baron, Barbara Thumm Gallery, Berlin
2012
- Unboxing, The Greatest Film Never Made, 1301PE, Los Angeles
2013
- The Vanity Press, Summerhall, Edinburgh (Catalogue)
2014
- Wp Wp Wp, Yorkshire Sculpture Park, Wakefield
- Mistah Kurtz, He Not Dead, PEER, London
2015
- Scroll Down And Keep Scrolling, Ikon Gallery, Birmingham, UK
- FONT, Frith Street Gallery, London
2016
- Au Cœur des Ténèbres, mfc-Michele Didier, Paris, France
- Buoys Boys, De La Warr Pavilion, Bexhill, UK
- Fiona Banner, Barbara Thumm Gallery, Berlin
- Scroll Down And Keep Scrolling, Kunsthalle Nürnberg, Germany
- Fiona Banner, 1301PE, Los Angeles
- Study #13. Every Word Unmade, Fiona Banner, David Roberts Art Foundation, London
2017
- Runway AW17, De Pont Museum, Tilburg, Netherlands
2018
- Buoys Boys, Mission Gallery, Swansea, Wales
2019
- Fiona Banner aka The Vanity Press, Libby Leshgold Gallery, Emily Carr University of Art and Design, Vancouver, Canada
- Fiona Banner aka The Vanity Press, Independent Art Fair, Barbara Thumm Gallery, New York, USA
- Full Sea Stop Scape, Barbara Thumm Gallery, Berlin, Germany
2020
- PERIOD, Museum Voorlinden, Netherlands
2021
- Pranayama Typhoon, Barakat Contemporary, Seoul, Korea
References
External links
Fiona Banner – Fiona Banner's own website with some artworks, texts and exhibition news
The Vanity Press
The Body Of The Text – Fiona Banner article in Art in America
Fiona Banner Profile on BBC site
Interview with Fiona Banner
Fiona Banner at Frith Street Gallery
Fiona Banner at De Pont museum
Fiona Banner's 'The Bastard Word Studies' at the Royal Air Force Museum
1966 births
Living people
20th-century English women artists
21st-century English women artists
Alumni of Goldsmiths, University of London
Alumni of Kingston University
English contemporary artists
English installation artists
English sculptors
English women sculptors
Young British Artists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fiona%20Banner |
Gaenslen's test, also known as Gaenslen's maneuver, is a medical test used to detect musculoskeletal abnormalities and primary-chronic inflammation of the lumbar vertebrae and sacroiliac joint. This test is often used to test for spondyloarthritis, sciatica, or other forms of rheumatism, and is often performed during checkup visits in patients who have been diagnosed with one of the former disorders. It is named after Frederick Julius Gaenslen, the orthopedic surgeon who invented the test. This test is often performed alongside Patrick's test and Yeoman's test.
To perform Gaenslen's test, the hip joint is flexed maximally on one side and the opposite hip joint is extended, stressing both sacroiliac joints simultaneously. This is often done by having the patient lying on his or her back, lifting the knee to push towards the patient's chest while the other leg is allowed to fall over the side of an examination table, and is pushed toward the floor, flexing both sacroiliac joints. The test can also be performed with the patient in the lateral recumbent position. The patient lies with the involved side up and passively flexes the uninvolved hip as far as comfortable to their chest. The involved hip is taken into extension while stability is maintained in the pelvis. The test is considered positive if the patient experiences pain while this test is performed, and may indicate a need for further testing, such as an X-ray or lumbar CT scan.
References
Medical signs
Orthopedic surgical procedures | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaenslen%27s%20test |
Slocum Westerns are the longest running series of Westerns ever written, encompassing over 400 books, all of which are published under the pen name Jake Logan. The books have been written by a number of authors, and all feature John Slocum as the protagonist.
Main character
John Slocum is among the toughest of gunfighters. He is a mostly decent man who will do whatever it takes to survive life in the Western Frontier. A Confederate soldier who lost his ancestral home to carpetbaggers after the Civil War. He left the South, never to return.
He has been a soldier, slave, stagecoach driver, shotgun guard, bank robber, lawman, pioneer, cowboy, shepherd, poor man, rich man, gambler, and drifter. His adventures occur in most of the American West.
Target demographic
The books are claimed to be adult oriented, due to the presence of three explicitly described sex scenes in each of the numerous books; they were first published by Playboy Press.
Authors
Robert E. Vardeman (Dead Man's Spurs)
Martin Cruz Smith (Ride for Revenge)
Ronald Kelly (Slocum and the Nightriders) and (Slocum and the Gold Slaves)
References
External links
Books by Jake Logan fictiondb
Western (genre) novels
Novel series | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slocum%20%28westerns%29 |
Waseda University R.F.C. was founded in 1918. It is one of the top rugby union clubs for students in Japan, together with Kanto Gakuin University RFC, Keio University RFC and Doshisha University RFC.
It is the representative club of Waseda University and has produced many players for the Japan national rugby union team.
Notable victories
1966 - Waseda win their first All-Japan Rugby Football Championship and the University championship rugby title.
1971 - Waseda win their second All-Japan Rugby Football Championship, beating Shinnitetsu Kamaishi 30–16.
1972 - Waseda win their third All-Japan Rugby Football Championship, beating Mitsubishi Jikou 14–11.
1988 - Waseda win their fourth All-Japan Rugby Football Championship, beating Toshiba Fuchuu 22–16.
Waseda, coached by Katsuyuki Kiyomiya, beat Toyota Verblitz 28–24 in the All-Japan Rugby Football Championship at Chichibunomiya on February 12, 2006. It was thus the first Japanese university to beat a Top League team. (In the semi-final Waseda lost to Toshiba Brave Lupus 0-43.)
Players
Past
Katsuyuki Kiyomiya
Hiroaki Shukuzawa - Japan national rugby union team coach
Katsuhiko Oku - diplomat
Yoshiro Mori - former Prime Minister
Coaches
Onishi Tetsunosuke
Katsuyuki Kiyomiya (2001-2006). He was formerly a player for Waseda and Suntory. In February 2006 a book was published by him in Japanese entitled Kyukyoku no Shori:Ultimate Crush He has been hugely successful with Waseda. The book has been translated into English. See here.
Ryuji Nakatake (2006-
See also
Katsuhiko Oku
References
ULTIMATE CRUSH: Waseda University Rugby, Leadership and Building the Strongest Winning Team in Japan by Katsuyuki Kiyomiya, translated into English by Ian Ruxton (September 2006)
External links
Katsuyuki Kiyomiya
Waseda University R.F.C. - official website
Waseda
Rugby in Kantō
University and college rugby union clubs
Waseda University | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waseda%20University%20Rugby%20Football%20Club |
The Fifth of March is a 1993 novel about the Boston Massacre (of March 5, 1770, pre-Revolutionary War) by historian and author Ann Rinaldi, who was also the author of many other historical fiction novels such as Girl in Blue and A Break with Charity.
This book is about a fourteen-year-old indentured servant named Rachel Marsh who finds herself changing as she meets many people, including young Matthew Kilroy, a British private in the 29th regiment who is not very easy to get along with. She has a friend named Jane, who was her first ever friend.
Plot
Rachel Marsh, aged 14, is an indentured servant to John Adams and his wife Abigail Adams. Her father and mother have died, leaving Uncle Eb as her only living relative. However, Eb is greedy, uncaring, and often exploits Rachel. After a falling out over Eb wanting Rachel to spy on the Adamses, Eb disowns her. Rachel confides this to Abigail Adams, who comforts her and gives her money to go buy books at Henry Knox's bookstore. Rachel is inspired by Knox and begins working to better her education.
Later, a British ship arrives. Many Bostonians are unhappy with this new change and begin rioting. Nevertheless, the British post sentries outside many residences, including the Adams'. While coming back from the bakery, the sentry outside the Adams house, Private Matthew Kilroy, challenges Rachel. She notices that he is fearful and hungry looking. Taking pity on him, she gives the freezing sentry a few scraps of food.
As their friendship develops, Matthew begins pushing Rachel for more and wants her to kiss him. However, Rachel does not want to do so, and would rather remain friends. Their relationship is very tumultuous.
Rachel's close friend, Jane, suddenly drags Rachel out of bed one night. Rachel follows Jane to find a mob of citizens fighting against the British soldiers. She sees Matthew shoot and stab a defenseless man. This event would be known as the Boston Massacre. Later, Matthew is accused of murder.
Rachel sneaks food to Matthew, feeling pity for him.
John Adams defends the British soldiers, but two of them, including Matthew, are accused of manslaughter. Matthew is branded and shipped back to England. Matthew proposes matrimony to Rachel but she refuses him. Mr. Adams feels that it would be best to let go of Rachel when they move back to Braintree. He gets Rachel a position in Philadelphia which he thinks would suit her. She is about to begin a new chapter in her life.
1993 American novels
Historical novels
Novels by Ann Rinaldi
Fiction set in 1770
Novels set in the 1770s
Novels set in Boston
Boston Massacre | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Fifth%20of%20March |
Ganglioglioma is a rare, slow-growing primary central nervous system (CNS) tumor which most frequently occurs in the temporal lobes of children and young adults
Classification
Gangliogliomas are generally benign WHO grade I tumors; the presence of anaplastic changes in the glial component is considered to represent WHO grade III (anaplastic ganglioglioma). Criteria for WHO grade II have been suggested, but are not established. Malignant transformation of spinal ganglioglioma has been seen in only a select few cases. Poor prognostic factors for adults with gangliogliomas include older age at diagnosis, male sex, and malignant histologic features.
Histopathology
Histologically, ganglioglioma is composed of both neoplastic glial and ganglion cells which are disorganized, variably cellular, and non-infiltrative. Occasionally, it may be challenging to differentiate ganglion cell tumors from an infiltrating glioma with entrapped neurons. The presence of neoplastic ganglion cells forming abnormal clusters, the presence of binucleation and dysmorphic neurons are helpful clues favoring ganglioglioma over glioma. The glial component of ganglioglioma includes fibrillary astrocytes with varying degrees of cellular atypia. The neoplastic neuronal components are often clustered or irregularly oriented. Fibrovascular stroma confined to the neuronal component, perivascular lymphocytic infiltrates, and small foci of calcification are common, as is immunopositivity for synaptophysin, neuron-specific enolase, and chromogranin A. Elevated Ki-67 and p53 labeling index is associated with more aggressive tumor behavior in both children and adults with gangliogliomas. The rare occurrence of malignant transformation is confined to the glial cell population, and is characterized by increased cellularity and mitotic activity, endothelial proliferation, and necrosis.
Diagnosis
Computed Tomography (CT) is generally not a recommended modality for diagnosis and evaluation of spinal cord tumors. Evaluation with Magnetic Resonance (MR) most commonly demonstrates a circumscribed solid or mixed solid and cystic mass spanning a long segment of the cord with hypointense T1 signal and hyperintense T2 signal in the solid component. Enhancement patterns are highly variable, ranging from minimal to marked, and may be solid, rim, or nodular. Adjacent cord edema and syringomyelia and peritumoral cysts may be present in addition to reactive scoliosis.
It is nearly impossible to differentiate ganglioglioma from other more common intramedullary neoplasms based on imaging alone. Astrocytoma and ependymoma are more familiar intramedullary tumors which share many similar features to ganglioglioma, including T2 hyperintensity, enhancement, tumoral cysts, and cord edema. Poorly defined margins may be more suggestive of astrocytoma, while a central location in the spinal cord, hemorrhage, and hemosiderin staining are often seen with ependymoma. Hemangioblastoma and paraganglioma are less usual intramedullary tumors, but since they are more frequently encountered than ganglioglioma, they should also be included in the differential diagnosis.
Treatment
Definitive treatment for ganglioglioma requires gross total surgical resection, and a good prognosis is generally expected when this is achieved. However, indistinct tumor margins and the desire to preserve normal spinal cord tissue, motor and sensory function may preclude complete resection of tumor. According to a series by Lang et al., reviewing several patients with resected spinal cord ganglioglioma, the 5- and 10-year survival rates after total resection were 89% and 83%, respectively. In that study, patients with spinal cord ganglioglioma had a 3.5-fold higher relative risk of tumor recurrence compared to patients with supratentorial ganglioglioma. It has been recognized that postoperative results correlate closely with preoperative neurological status as well as the ability to achieve complete resection.
With the exception of WHO grade III anaplastic ganglioglioma, radiation therapy is generally regarded to have no role in the treatment of ganglioglioma. In fact, radiation therapy may induce malignant transformation of a recurrent ganglioglioma several years later. Adjuvant chemotherapy is also typically reserved for anaplastic ganglioglioma, but has been used anecdotally in partially resected low grade spinal cord gangliogliomas which show evidence of disease progression.
See also
Lhermitte-Duclos disease
References
External links
Nervous system neoplasia
Rare cancers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganglioglioma |
Gregory Martin Itzin (April 20, 1948 – July 8, 2022) was an American character actor of film and television best known for his role as U.S. President Charles Logan in the action thriller series 24.
Early life
Itzin was born in Washington, D.C., the son of Evelyn Loretta (née Smith) and Martin Joseph Itzin. When he was in sixth grade, his family moved to Burlington, Wisconsin, where his father was mayor. Itzin originally intended to become a theater actor, receiving training at the American Conservatory Theater in San Francisco. He acted on many stages across the country.
Career
Television
Itzin appeared in guest starring roles on various television shows like in the MacGyver episode "Final Approach" (1986). He received a Tony Award nomination for his role in the Pulitzer Prize–winning play The Kentucky Cycle. In the movie Airplane!, Itzin played Religious Zealot #1. He had a small role in The A-Team episode "Wheel of Fortune" as Howard, an accountant at a casino.
In 2005, Itzin joined the cast of 24, halfway through its fourth season, in the recurring role as Vice President Charles Logan. By the following season the character had become President and was expanded to become one of the leading figures in the storyline. Itzin received an Emmy nomination for Outstanding Supporting Actor in a Drama Series for this performance. He didn't have to audition for the role, since he had previously auditioned for a role during the second season of the show, and knew one of the producers. Itzin returned for four episodes in season six. Itzin returned for a story arc during the eighth season of the show to help President Allison Taylor keep the Peace Treaty alive. This resulted in an Emmy nomination for Outstanding Guest Actor in a Drama Series. Somewhat coincidentally, before this role, Itzin played a Presidential Candidate in a commercial for cheese products, who was deemed a "doofus" for not liking cheese.
In 2007, he made a guest appearance as William Adama, Dick Tracy, and a police officer at Randy's Halloween night in an episode of Robot Chicken.
Itzin has held recurring roles on popular TV series such as Friends as Theodore Hannigan, father of Mike Hannigan, Murder One, NCIS, and The Mentalist. He played the head of the unit in the latter for 13 episodes, before leaving to return to 24 for its final season. Itzin also appeared on Night Court, Matlock, Diagnosis: Murder, Jake and the Fatman, The O.C., Beverly Hills, 90210, Judging Amy, Boston Legal, CSI: Crime Scene Investigation, The Practice, The Pretender and the short-lived science fiction series, Firefly. He also portrayed John Ashcroft in the 2003 television movie DC 9/11: Time of Crisis. He had a recurring role on Covert Affairs.
Itzin made his first Star Trek appearance in 1993, in the Star Trek: Deep Space Nine episode "Dax". He became a frequent Star Trek actor, playing five different roles in the various series over the years, and guest starred on DS9 again in the sixth-season episode "Who Mourns for Morn?". He appeared as Doctor Dysek in the episode "Critical Care" in the 7th season of Star Trek: Voyager. His most recent Trek role was Admiral Black in Star Trek: Enterprise.
Itzin was a special guest star on the Disney Channel hit show Hannah Montana in the season two episode "Test Of My Love" as a billionaire whose son becomes a romantic interest of Miley's. He hosted ACME: This Week! at the ACME Comedy Theatre on February 23, 2008, appearing in several sketches as well as a short film, "Law and Order: Really Special Victims Unit". Itzin had a recurring role in seasons 1–4 of USA Network's series, Covert Affairs.
Theater
On stage, he appeared in numerous theatrical venues across the country, and was a member of the Matrix Theatre Company in Los Angeles, where he acted in award-winning productions of Waiting for Godot, The Homecoming, and The Birthday Party (each earning him an L.A. Drama Critics Circle Award for performance). For his work in the Pulitzer Prize-winning The Kentucky Cycle — which he performed in the world premiere at the Intiman Theatre, Mark Taper Forum, the Kennedy Center, and on Broadway — he received Tony Award and Drama Desk Award nominations.
He appeared on stage as Louis de Rougemont in the world premiere of Donald Margulies' Shipwrecked! An Entertainment at South Coast Repertory, and subsequently revived at the Geffen Playhouse.
In 2010, he appeared as the Earl of Kent in the Antaeus Company's production of King Lear. He won the L.A. Drama Critics Circle Award for this performance.
He was in several radio plays with The L.A. Theatre Works, and played the Archbishop in the Hollywood Theater of the Ear's 2010 audio production of Saint Joan.
Film
Itzin starred in Fear and Loathing in Las Vegas as a Mint Hotel clerk, who looked and sounded a lot like actor McLean Stevenson on M*A*S*H. He played a psychiatrist in the Lindsay Lohan thriller I Know Who Killed Me and as a prison warden in Law Abiding Citizen. His final film role was as James Bond (ornithologist) in the 2022 British documentary The Other Fellow.
Personal life, health and death
Itzin and his wife, Judie, whom he married in 1979, had two children.
Itzin had a "major heart attack" in 2015, but was able to continue acting. He died on July 8, 2022, at the age of 74 due to complications during an emergency surgery.
Filmography
Film
Television
References
External links
Gregory Itzin in Shipwrecked! at South Coast Repertory
Law and Order: Really Special Victims Unit starring Gregory Itzin
1948 births
2022 deaths
20th-century American male actors
21st-century American male actors
Male actors from Wisconsin
American male film actors
American male stage actors
Place of death missing
American male television actors
People from Burlington, Wisconsin
Male actors from Washington, D.C.
American Conservatory Theater alumni
People with ulcerative colitis | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregory%20Itzin |
George Lewis Young (27 October 1922 – 10 January 1997) was a Scottish footballer who played as a defender. He is best remembered for his 16-year association with Rangers and for being the first player to receive more than 50 caps for the Scotland national team.
Career
Club
Born in Grangemouth, Young started his career with junior side Kirkintilloch Rob Roy before moving to Rangers in 1941. Although primarily considered a centre back, he was often played at right back during his 16 years in Govan, to accommodate Willie Woodburn in Rangers' renowned Iron Curtain defence.
Young won the League and League Cup in 1946–47 and the Scottish Cup the following season, before Rangers became the first side to win all three trophies in the same season in 1948–49. Young himself scored twice from the penalty spot in the 4–1 Scottish Cup Final victory over Clyde which wrapped up the Treble.
Young won further League titles in 1950, 1953, 1956 and 1957, also collecting Scottish Cup winner's medals in 1950 and 1953 to take his senior medal haul to 12. The "lucky" Champagne cork he always carried earned him the nickname Corky. In total, Young had 458 appearances, scoring 31 goals for the Ibrox club (not including 180 wartime games and 32 goals) when he departed in 1957.
International
Young was selected for a string of 34 consecutive senior Scotland matches between 1948 and 1953. His total of 54 caps made him the first member of the Scotland Football Hall of Fame. Young was selected as captain on 48 of those appearances. He was also the first player to appear for Scotland as a substitute, when he replaced Billy Campbell of Morton in a Victory International against Switzerland in May 1946 (the Scottish Football Association have since classified the match as a full international, but it is not recognised by FIFA).
Young captained Scotland throughout the 1949–50 British Home Championship tournament, which FIFA had decreed to be a British qualifying group for the 1950 FIFA World Cup in Brazil. The top two teams in the Home Internationals would qualify for Brazil, but the SFA decided Scotland would only travel as British Champions. England's 1–0 win at Hampden Park relegated the Scots to second place and they did not travel. Four years later, Scotland again qualified as second-placed country in the Home Internationals, and this time the SFA decided they would travel to Switzerland for the World Cup. Rangers, however, had arranged a tour of North America at the same time and refused to release their players, including Young.
In the qualifying tournament for the 1958 FIFA World Cup in Sweden, Scotland were placed in a group with Spain and Switzerland. The group began in May 1957, by which time Young had announced he would retire from playing at the end of that season. He led Scotland to a 4–2 victory over Spain in the opening game at Hampden on 8 May, and was again captain for their 2–1 victory over Switzerland, in Basle on 19 May. However, he sustained a thigh strain in that match and did not play in a 3–1 friendly win over then world champions West Germany in Stuttgart three days later. Young was not selected for the return match with Spain in Madrid on 26 May, which Spain won 4–1, meaning his international career was over.
Young also won 22 caps for the Scottish League XI between 1947 and 1956, the second-highest all-time total for the team.
Later life
After leaving Rangers, Young had a three-year spell as manager of Third Lanark between 1959 and 1962. He was then a successful hotelier, although lost money in other business ventures.
Despite his long association with Rangers, the club declined to arrange a testimonial for Young in his retirement as they were worried it would set a precedent for many other retired players. Eventually a benefit match was played in May 1986 in Falkirk between 'Young's XI' which wore the Scotland kit and contained several current internationals, and 'Don Revie's XI' which wore the England kit.
Young died at the age of 74, on 10 January 1997.
Honours
Rangers
Scottish League Championship: 1946–47, 1948–49, 1949–50, 1952–53, 1955–56, 1956–57
Scottish Cup: 1947–48, 1948–49, 1949–50, 1952–53
Scottish League Cup: 1946–47, 1948–49
Individual
Scottish FA International Roll of Honour: 1956
See also
List of Scotland national football team captains
References
External links
Rangers F.C. profile
1922 births
1997 deaths
Kirkintilloch Rob Roy F.C. players
Rangers F.C. players
Men's association football defenders
Scottish men's footballers
Scotland men's international footballers
Scotland men's wartime international footballers
Scottish football managers
People from Grangemouth
Scottish Football Hall of Fame inductees
Scottish Football League players
Third Lanark A.C. managers
Scottish Football League representative players
Footballers from Falkirk (council area)
Scottish Football League managers
Scottish Junior Football Association players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Young%20%28Scottish%20footballer%29 |
GAPO syndrome is a rare, autosomal recessive disorder that causes severe growth retardation, and has been observed fewer than 30 times before 2011. GAPO is an acronym that encompasses the predominant traits of the disorder: growth retardation, alopecia, pseudoanodontia (teeth failing to emerge from the gums), and worsening optic atrophy in some subjects. Other common symptoms include premature aging, large, prominent foreheads, and delayed bone aging. GAPO syndrome typically results in premature death around age 30–40, due to interstitial fibrosis and atherosclerosis.
Signs and symptoms
One of the principle symptoms of GAPO syndrome is growth retardation, caused by slow skeletal formation and results in individuals being below average height. Alopecia, or hair loss, is another key indication of GAPO syndrome. Their hair is typically thinly dispersed, and fragile, which often leads to baldness later in life. Similarly, tooth growth is stunted, with teeth failing to emerge form the gums or otherwise develop normally. Atrophy of the optic nerve occurs in approximately one third of individuals. This degradation leads to inhibited peripheral vision, and increased difficulty distinguishing colours.
While not a defining feature, most individuals with GAPO syndrome have coarse facial features, and abnormal structure of the middle portion of their faces, typically coupled with a large forehead. Individuals with the disease tend to have depressed nose bridges, protruding ears, and abnormally thick lips, though these symptoms are not unique to this disorder.
No direct correlation has been found between GAPO syndrome and mental retardation, though cases of individuals having both have been reported.
Due to the severity of the phenotype, GAPO syndrome can be diagnosed very early on. Most cases can be diagnosed by 6 months of age, and most symptoms will be apparent by age 2.
Genetics
GAPO syndrome is caused by a deletion in both copies of the ANTXR1 gene, which encodes Anthrax Toxin Receptor 1. This gene is critical for the creation of actin, and its disruption inhibits proper function of the actin network. As a result, individuals with GAPO syndrome have a buildup of extracellular matrix, and degraded cell adhesions. The alteration can occur in the form of nonsense mutations or mutations which alter the splice sites, and result in alternative RNA splicing, leading to synthesis of a different or modified protein. In humans, the ANTXR1 gene is located on Chromosome 2 and has 22 exons.
GAPO syndrome is inherited in an autosomal recessive fashion, and requires both parents to pass on the mutant genotype. Since this mutation is so rare, most confirmed cases have a history of ancestral inbreeding.
Diagnosis
APO syndrome is a very rare genetic disorder characterized by growth retardation, alopecia, pseudoanodontia and progressive optic atrophy (GAPO). To date, only 30 cases have been described worldwide. Recently, gene alterations in the ANTXR1 gene have been reported to be causative of this disorder, and an autosomal recessive pattern has been observed. This gene encodes a matrix-interacting protein that works as an adhesion molecule. In this report, we describe 2 homozygous siblings diagnosed with GAPO syndrome carrying a new missense mutation. This mutation produces the substitution of a glutamine in position 137 for a leucine (c.410A>T, p.Q137L).
Management
There is currently no cure for GAPO syndrome, but some options are available to reduce the symptoms. Nearsightedness, which affects some people with the disease, can be treated by corrective lenses. Unfortunately, optic atrophy as a result of degradation of the optic nerve (common with GAPO syndrome) cannot be corrected. Corticosteroids have been proposed as a treatment for optic nerve atrophy, but their effectiveness is disputed, and no steroid based treatments are currently available.
History
The first incidence of GAPO syndrome was reported by Anderson and Pindborg in 1947. Another case wasn't recorded until 1978 by Fuks et al.
References
External links
Autosomal recessive disorders
Rare syndromes
Syndromes affecting stature
Genetic disorders with OMIM but no gene | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GAPO%20syndrome |
The Sleeper Awakes is a dystopian science fiction novel by English writer H. G. Wells, about a man who sleeps for two hundred and three years, waking up in a completely transformed London in which he has become the richest man in the world. The main character awakes to see his dreams realised, and the future revealed to him in all its horrors and malformities.
The text published as The Sleeper Awakes in 1910 is a revised version of the novel When the Sleeper Wakes, which was published as a serial, then as a book, in 1899. The 2004 Project Gutenberg title page displays on four lines that suggest a subtitle: The Sleeper Awakes; A Revised Edition of “When the Sleeper Wakes”; By H. G. Wells; 1899. Library of Congress Catalog uses the subtitle.
Publication history
When the Sleeper Wakes was originally published as a serial in The Graphic (London) and Harper's Weekly (New York), with illustrations by Henri Lanos. Both editions appeared in the first 18 issues of 1899, with Saturday dates 7 January to 5 May.
When the book was about to be reprinted again, Wells used this opportunity "to make a number of excisions and alterations", and changed its title to The Sleeper Awakes. As he explains in the preface of the 1910 edition, he was overworked and wrote under considerable pressure when he authored the original version simultaneously with another novel called Love and Mr. Lewisham, in addition to his journalistic obligations. Before going on a "badly needed holiday" to Italy, he felt he had to complete one of the two novels, and so rushed the ending on When the Sleeper Wakes just to finish it, hoping to return to it when he came back to England and before it went into print. But when he got home he fell seriously ill, and after forcing himself to complete Love and Mr. Lewisham, he never got the chance to do any rewriting of When the Sleeper Wakes before it was published.
What Wells disliked about it was the construction of the story and the rushed latter part. But so many years had passed that he claimed he could no longer identify with his younger self, and so the work felt too remote for him to do any significant reconstruction. Instead he played the role of the "editorial elder brother" and cut some passages that felt redundant, improved certain "clumsy phrases and repetitions", straightened out some ambivalences at the end, and removed all signs of any love interest between characters. In the 1910 edition Wells also brought the ‘flying machines’ up to date.
The short story "A Story of the Days To Come" (1897) is a forerunner of the novel, being a tale set within the same future society.
Plot
(as revised, 1910)
Graham, an Englishman living in London in 1897, takes drugs to cure insomnia and falls into a coma. He wakes up in 2100. He later learns that he has inherited huge wealth and that his money has been put into a trust. Over the years, the trustees, the "White Council", have used his wealth to establish a vast political and economic world order.
When Graham wakes, he is disoriented. The people around him had not expected him to wake up, and are alarmed. Word spreads that the "Sleeper" has awakened. A mob gathers around the building and demands to see the fabled Sleeper. The people around Graham will not answer his questions. They place Graham under house arrest. Graham learns that he is the legal owner and master of most of the world.
Rebels led by Ostrog help Graham to escape. They say that the people need Graham's leadership to rise against the White Council. Unconvinced, but unwilling to remain a prisoner, Graham goes with them. Graham arrives at a massive hall where the workers have gathered to prepare for the revolution. They march against the White Council but are soon attacked by the state police. In the confusion, Graham is separated from the revolutionaries. He meets an old man who tells him the story of the Sleeper – the White Council invested his wealth to buy the industries and political entities of half the world, establishing a plutocracy and sweeping away parliament and the monarchy. The Sleeper is just a figurehead. The old man thinks that the Sleeper is a made-up figure used to brainwash the population.
Graham meets Ostrog, who says that the rebels have won and that the people are demanding that the Sleeper should rule. Ostrog retains power while Graham becomes his puppet ruler. Graham gets interested in aeroplanes and learns how to fly. He sees from the air that no-one lives in the country or small towns any more, all agriculture being run like industry; and that there are now only four huge cities in Britain, all powered by huge wind-mills. His carefree life ends when Helen Wotton tells him that, for the lower class, the revolution has changed nothing. Graham questions Ostrog who admits that the lower classes are still dominated and exploited, but he defends the system. It emerges that Ostrog only wanted to take power for himself and has used the revolution and Graham to do so.
Ostrog admits that in other cities the workers have continued to rebel even after the fall of the White Council. Ostrog has used a black African police force to get the workers back in line. Graham is furious and demands that Ostrog keep his police out of London. Ostrog agrees. Graham decides to examine this new society for himself.
Graham visits London in disguise to see how the workers live. Their lives are ghastly. Unskilled workers toil in factories, paid in food for each day's work, with no job security. They speak a dialect so strong that Graham cannot understand them. Industrial diseases are rife. Workers wear uniforms of different colour according to their trade. The family unit no longer exists and children are cared for in huge institutions. Lives are dominated by "babble machines" which spread news and "pleasure cities" where unspecified joys are available. "Euthanasy" is considered normal.
Graham learns that Ostrog has ordered his troops to London. Graham confronts Ostrog, who tries to arrest Graham. The workers rise up again and help Graham to escape. He meets Helen and learns that it was she who told the public about Ostrog's treachery. Graham leads the liberation of London.
Ostrog escapes and joins his troops who are flying to London. His men still hold a few airports. The workers find anti-aircraft guns, but they need time to set them up. The revolutionaries have only one aircraft; Graham gives away all of his wealth to the rebels and proceeds to fly the one aircraft against the invaders, bringing some of them down. The revolutionaries get the anti-aircraft guns working and start to shoot down the invaders. Graham finally attacks Ostrog's aeroplane but fails, and his aeroplane crashes into the ground.
Themes
Themes include socialism; the betrayal of revolution; and how an elite can manipulate a population both by oppression and impoverishment on the one hand, and by the use of technology and provision of pleasure on the other. In this respect, the book has elements explored later both in Brave New World by Aldous Huxley and Nineteen Eighty-Four by George Orwell.
Reception
Floyd C. Gale of Galaxy Science Fiction said of The Sleeper Awakes despite the "impossibly timid" and outdated science, "The worth of the story lies in its human values… This is 'Young Wells' at his non-Utopian best".
Proposed film
In the late 1960s, George Pal wanted to make a film of the novel. He heard American International Pictures had the rights and offered to buy it from them. They invited him to make the film for them. However, no film resulted.
Influence
Aspects of the novel's storyline are similar to the plot of the Woody Allen 1973 film Sleeper.
Pulp writer Harry Stephen Keeler took the idea further in a 1914 story called "John Jones' Dollar", in which a solar system's economy is built around a single silver dollar left to accumulate until the year 2921 to the "astounding" sum of $6.3 trillion, financing an interplanetary socialist paradise.
It is often claimed that Buck Rogers was inspired by this story.
The Futurama episode "A Fishful of Dollars" is loosely based upon Wells's novel. The main character Philip J. Fry, who was cryogenically frozen and revived in the 31st Century, discovers that his bank account has continued to accrue interest over the course of a thousand years.
References
External links
1910 British novels
1910 science fiction novels
Novels by H. G. Wells
British science fiction novels
Social science fiction
Dystopian novels
Novels about time travel
Novels set in London
Aviation novels
Rip Van Winkle-type stories
British novels adapted into television shows
Novels first published in serial form | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Sleeper%20Awakes |
Engsh is a cant that originated in Nairobi, Kenya in the 1980s. While Sheng developed in the poorer parts of Nairobi, Engsh evolved among the youth of the richer, more affluent neighbourhoods. Engsh is English based, but mixes Swahili, and other ethnic languages such as Kikuyu and Luo. However, just like Sheng, it is a code, and therefore cannot be understood, for the most part, by standard English speakers. Both Engsh and Sheng originated as secret codes against adults, to enable Nairobi youth to communicate with each other in a language the adults could not understand. The original speakers have since become adults, and parents. Both Engsh and Sheng evolve very fast, and the ability to keep up with the "in" words of the moment becomes harder the older a person gets, therefore they are still considered languages of the youth.
In the past, there was no distinction made between Sheng and Engsh, but the youth speakers of both languages noticed their inability to understand each other properly, as the languages had evolved differently primarily due to the different economic backgrounds. Nevertheless, there are still many similarities between Sheng and Engsh, but Engsh is unique enough to stand as a cant of its own.
See also
Kenyan English
References
External links
Article in the International Journal of the Sociology of Language, Volume 125, Issue 1 (Jan 1997).
Prezi presentation, 'Is It Sheng or Engsh? The ignored variety is alive and clicking'. Radboud University, October 2013.
Swahili-based pidgins and creoles
Languages of Kenya
Cant languages
English-based argots
Macaronic forms of English
Languages attested from the 1980s
African Urban Youth Languages | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engsh |
Auditory meatus can refer to:
external auditory meatus
internal auditory meatus | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Auditory%20meatus |
Conspicuous Service Cross can refer to:
Conspicuous Service Cross (Australia)
Conspicuous Service Cross (New York)
Conspicuous Service Cross (United Kingdom) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conspicuous%20Service%20Cross |
No. 9 Squadron is a unit of the Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF). The squadron was formed in early 1939 and saw active service in World War II as a fleet co-operation unit providing aircrews for seaplanes operating off Royal Australian Navy cruisers. It was disbanded in late 1944, but was re-raised in 1962 and later became an Army co-operation unit, flying helicopters in support of Australian troops during the Vietnam War. The squadron was disbanded in 1989 when the RAAF transferred its battlefield helicopters to the Australian Army's aviation regiments. It was re-raised in June 2023 to operate Northrop Grumman MQ-4C Tritons.
History
Fleet co-operation
No. 9 Squadron was formed on 1 January 1939 at RAAF Base Richmond by renumbering No. 5 Squadron. On formation, the squadron's first commanding officer was a Royal Air Force officer, Squadron Leader J.A.S. Brown. As Australia's only fleet co-operation squadron No. 9 Squadron operated amphibious aircraft from the Royal Australian Navy's heavy and light cruisers; each cruiser was assigned a single Seagull or Walrus amphibian.
During the Second World War aircraft from No. 9 Squadron saw action with their parent ships in most of the world's oceans, ranging from the Arctic to the South Pacific on vessels such as HMA Ships Hobart, Sydney, Australia, Perth and Canberra. The amphibians were used to provide their parent ships with reconnaissance, anti-submarine protection, artillery spotting and general support. While the amphibians provided important support during the early years of the war, as the war progressed the Royal Australian Navy (RAN) enjoyed considerable support from land and carrier based aircraft and the amphibians were no longer necessary. In early January 1943, the squadron was transferred to Bowen, Queensland, from where its aircraft flew patrol operations. During 1944, all remaining RAN cruisers had their catapults removed and No. 9 Squadron was disbanded at RAAF Base Rathmines on 31 December 1944. Casualties during the war amounted to 22 killed, many of whom were lost when the ships they were serving on were sunk.
Army co-operation
No. 9 Squadron was re-formed at RAAF Base Williamtown on 11 June 1962 equipped initially with Walruses before being re-equipped with UH-1 Iroquois helicopters and moving to RAAF Base Fairbairn. While originally formed to provide the RAAF with a search and rescue capability, the squadron's main role rapidly became providing airlift to the Australian Army.
The squadron deployed to Vung Tau Air Base, South Vietnam in mid-1966 as part of the 1st Australian Task Force (1 ATF) and began flying operations on 30 June 1966. The squadron provided the Task Force with part of its helicopter support, although most of it was provided by the US Army. Problems soon arose between No. 9 Squadron and Army commanders as the Air Board insisted "regulations, framed for peacetime, should apply". This limited the scope of No. 9 Squadron's operations, and according to Owen Eather, prevented the Iroquois helicopters from operating in "'insecure locations' or undertaking roles that were 'offensive'". Eather contends that this "exhibited a lack of awareness by the RAAF of the requirements of the ground force in South Vietnam", and it hampered Army operations to the extent that No. 9 Squadron was temporarily grounded. Alan Stephens, in the official history of the post-war RAAF, asserts however that the latter report is a myth and that squadron records indicate it operated constantly during the period of its supposed grounding between June and September 1966.
During the Battle of Long Tan on 18 August 1966 two No. 9 Squadron Iroquois flown by Flight Lieutenants Cliff Dohle and Frank Riley completed a hazardous mission to resupply D Company, 6 RAR which was heavily outnumbered and running dangerously low on ammunition. The mission proved vital in ensuring the survival of the Australian infantry until a relief force could fight its way through from Nui Dat and was completed despite heavy rain and the risk of ground fire. Following the withdrawal of the Viet Cong a number of helicopters were used to evacuate the Australian casualties from the battlefield. RAAF-Army relations improved considerably following Long Tan. No. 9 Squadron subsequently developed new operational concepts and procedures, achieving consistently high rates of aircraft availability, mission success and a low loss rate. A close professional relationship was also developed with the Special Air Service which saw the squadron provide rapid and precise insertion and extraction of patrols into jungle landing zones at tree top height.
While deployed to Vietnam, in 1967 the squadron was re-equipped with updated versions of the Iroquois, and was also reinforced with personnel from the RAN and the Royal New Zealand Air Force. Operations in South Vietnam proved hazardous, with aircrews regularly exposed to ground fire, poor flying conditions, nighttime medevacs and dangerously small jungle landing zones that were sometimes booby trapped with land mines. The unit lost seven Iroquois and two crewmen in action during its deployment. As part of the general Australian withdrawal, No. 9 Squadron departed South Vietnam on 8 December 1971. Upon its return to Australia, No. 9 Squadron was based at RAAF Base Amberley, where it continued to provide airlift to the Australian Army and search and rescue for the civilian community. Between 1982 and 1986, the squadron contributed eight aircraft and aircrew to the Australian helicopter detachment which formed part of the Multinational Force and Observers in the Sinai Peninsula of Egypt.
In 1986, the Australian Government decided to transfer all of the RAAF's battlefield helicopter capability to the Australian Army after a decision that all battlefield helicopters should be controlled directly by the Army – a decision partly based on the Vietnam experience and problems that arose during the first few months of the deployment by having No. 9 Squadron based in Vung Tau under separate command, rather than co-located with 1 ATF at Nui Dat, approximately north. This had caused a number of problems with support for the task force with the Army initially regarding No. 9 Squadron as being unreliable and unwilling to expose themselves to enemy fire, unlike US Army units.
During February 1988, No. 9 Squadron was re-equipped with S-70A Blackhawk helicopters. Upon converting to the new aircraft the squadron moved to Townsville where it was disbanded on 14 February 1989. The squadron's aircrew and aircraft were then used to form 'A' Squadron of the Australian Army's 5th Aviation Regiment. The squadron's last commanding officer was Wing Commander (later Air Chief Marshal) Angus Houston.
Maritime surveillance
At the 2023 Avalon airshow, Northrop Grumman displayed a full-scale mock-up of an RAAF MQ-4C Triton wearing No. 9 Squadron markings. Australian Defence Magazine reported that No. 9 Squadron would join No. 10 and No. 11 Squadron as a dedicated maritime Intelligence Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR) unit. On 3 March, the Defence Minister and Chief of Air Force announced that the squadron would be reactivated in June 2023 to operate the Tritons due to enter service in 2024.
The squadron was re-raised on 11 June 2023 as part of No. 92 Wing. It is headquartered at RAAF Base Edinburgh in South Australia, and the Tritons will mainly operate from RAAF Base Tindal in the Northern Territory.
Aircraft operated
No. 9 Squadron operated the following aircraft types:
Supermarine Seagull (1939–1944)
Supermarine Walrus (1939–1944 & 1962)
UH-1 Iroquois (1962–1988)
S-70A Blackhawk (1988–1989)
MQ-4C Triton (Due to enter service in 2024)
Notes
References
Further reading
External links
9
R
Military units and formations established in 1939
Military units and formations disestablished in 1989
9
9
Cold War history of Australia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No.%209%20Squadron%20RAAF |
Digital Compression System, or DCS, is a sound system developed by Williams Electronics. This advanced sound board was used in Williams and Bally pinball games, coin-op arcade video games by Midway Manufacturing, and mechanical and video slot machines by Williams Gaming. This sound system became the standard for these game platforms.
The DCS Sound system was created by Williams sound engineers Matt Booty and Ed Keenan, and further developed by Andrew Eloff.
Versions of DCS
DCS ROM-based mono: The first version of DCS used an Analog Devices ADSP2105 DSP (clocked at 10 MHz) and a DMA-driven DAC, outputting in mono. This was used for the majority of Williams and Midway's pinball games (starting with 1993's Indiana Jones: The Pinball Adventure), as well as Midway's video games, up until the late 1990s. The pinball game, The Twilight Zone, was originally supposed to use the DCS System, but because the DCS board was still in development at the time, all of the music and sounds for this game were reprogrammed for the Yamaha YM2151 / Harris CVSD sound board.
DCS-95: This was a revised version of the original DCS System (allowing for 16MB of data instead of 8MB to be addressed), used for Williams and Midway's WPC-95 pinball system.
DCS2 ROM-based stereo: This version used the ADSP2104 DSP and two DMA-driven DACs, outputting in stereo. This was used in Midway's Zeus-based hardware, and in the short-lived Pinball 2000 platform.
DCS2 RAM-based stereo: This version used the ADSP2115 DSP and two DMA-driven DACs, outputting in stereo. This was used in Midway's 3DFX-based hardware (NFL Blitz, etc.). This system would be adopted by Atari Games, following their acquisition by WMS Industries.
DCS2 RAM-based multi-channel: This version used the ADSP2181 DSP and up to six DMA-driven DACs, outputting in multichannel sound.
Pinball games using DCS
Attack From Mars (1995) (DCS95)
Cactus Canyon (1998) (DCS95)
The Champion Pub (1998) (DCS95)
Cirqus Voltaire (1997) (DCS95)
Congo (1995) (DCS95)
Corvette (1994)
Demolition Man (1994)
Dirty Harry (1995)
The Flintstones (1994)
Indiana Jones: The Pinball Adventure (1993)
Indianapolis 500 (1995)
Jack*Bot (1995)
Johnny Mnemonic (1995)
Judge Dredd (1993)
Medieval Madness (1997) (DCS95)
Monster Bash (1998) (DCS95)
NBA Fastbreak (1997) (DCS95)
No Fear: Dangerous Sports (1995)
No Good Gofers (1997)
Popeye Saves the Earth (1994)
Red & Ted's Road Show (1994)
Revenge From Mars (1999) (DCS2 ROM-based)
Safecracker (1996) (DCS95)
Scared Stiff (1996) (DCS95)
The Shadow (1994)
Star Wars Episode I (1999) (DCS2 ROM-based)
Star Trek: The Next Generation (1993)
Tales of the Arabian Nights (1996) (DCS95)
Theatre of Magic (1995)
World Cup Soccer (1994)
Who Dunnit (1995)
Arcade games using DCS
Mortal Kombat II (1993)
Cruis'n USA (1994)
Killer Instinct (1994)
Revolution X (1994)
NHL Open Ice (1995)
Killer Instinct 2 (1995)
Mortal Kombat 3 (1995)
Ultimate Mortal Kombat 3 (1995)
War Gods (1995) (DCS2 RAM-based)
WWF WrestleMania: The Arcade Game (1995)
Cruis'n World (1996)
Mace: The Dark Age (1996) (DCS2 RAM-based)
NBA Hangtime (1996)
NBA Maximum Hangtime (1996)
Wayne Gretzky's 3D Hockey (1996) (DCS2 RAM-based)
Invasion (1997) (DCS2 ROM-based)
Mortal Kombat 4 (1997) (DCS2 ROM-based)
NFL Blitz (1997) (DCS2 RAM-based)
Offroad Challenge (1997)
Rampage World Tour (1997)
California Speed (1998) (DCS2 RAM-based)
CarnEvil (1998) (DCS2 RAM-based)
Gauntlet Legends (1998) (DCS2 RAM-based)
Hyperdrive (1998) (DCS2 RAM-based)
NBA Showtime (1998) (DCS2 RAM-based)
NFL Blitz '99 (1998) (DCS2 RAM-based)
Cruis'n Exotica (1999) (DCS2 ROM-based)
San Francisco Rush 2049 (1999) (DCS2 RAM-based multichannel)
Vapor TRX (1998) (DCS2 RAM-based)
Gauntlet Dark Legacy (1999) (DCS2 RAM-based)
NFL Blitz 2000 (1999) (DCS2 RAM-based)
Road Burners (1999) (DCS2 RAM-based multichannel)
War The Final Assault (1999) (DCS2 RAM-based)
CART Fury (2000) (DCS2 RAM-based)
The Grid (arcade game) (2001) (DCS2 ROM-based)
References
External links
Information on the Williams Digital Compression System (DCS)
Ask Uncle Willy #3: July 7, 1995 - The DCS Sound System.
WMS Industries
Pinball electronics
Sound chips
Sound production technology
Video game hardware | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Digital%20Compression%20System |
Holidays in Greece TV is a Greek satellite network, launched in the fall of 2004, focusing on travel and tourism. Its aim is to promote the Greek tourism industry, which is one of the main industries in Greece along with shipping.
Holidays in Greece TV is the first FTA satellite channel launched in Greece. It is available on Hotbird 6 and Hellas Sat 2 which cover all of Europe and parts of Africa and Asia. It is also available online through jumptv.com, a subscription-based service. Various local TV channels all around Greece broadcast parts of the programming from Holidays in Greece TV, including Crete, Messinia, Korinthos, Rhodes, Kefalonia, Serres, and Drama. In addition, the channel is available on local cable in Skiathos, Skopelos, Ios, Fthiotida, and Arahova.
Programming
Programming includes documentaries and programmes covering specific topics such as nightlife and dining. The network provides information about cultural hotspots such as caves, monasteries, museums, traditional villages and ancient sites. Holidays in Greece TV also delivers a daily tourist news program providing up to date information from all around the country.
Specific programs include:
Aroma Elladas - Daily lifestyle program.
Discovering Greece - Documentary program showcasing tourist destinations in Greece.
Η Gh Tis Eυforias - Agricultural news and information.
Where to Stay - Program gives information on hotels, restaurants and bars for the specific area mentioned in the Discovering Greece episode that precedes the show.
References
Television channels in Greece
Television channels and stations established in 2004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holidays%20in%20Greece%20TV |
An aminosalicylate is a class of medications that is often used to treat ulcerative colitis and Crohn's disease. The class includes among others:
4-Aminosalicylic acid
Balsalazide
Olsalazine
Sulfasalazine
Mesalazine (5-Aminosalicylic acid)
Side effects may include abdominal pain, diarrhea, headaches, and nausea.
References
Drugs acting on the gastrointestinal system and metabolism
Salicylates | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aminosalicylate |
Rawendis or Rwendi, a Persian sect that took its name from a town (Rawend) near Isfahan. Its origin is unknown, but they held Shi'ite doctrines. Under the year 158 (AD 775) Tabari says that a man of the Rwendis, called al-Ablaq (because he was leprous), asserted that the spirit that was in Jesus was in Ali, then in the imams one after the other to Muhammad "al-Imām" and then finally to Ibrahim "al-Imām" ibn Muhammad; and that thus these were gods. Asad ibn Abdallah al-Qasri, then governor of Khorasan, put many of them to death. Under the year 135 (AD 752–3) the historian again mentions a rising of the Rwendis of Talaqan, and its suppression. Under 141 (AD 758–9) he gives a fuller account of them. They believed in metempsychosis, or the transmigration of souls, and asserted that the spirit of Adam was in Othman ibn Nahik; that the Lord who fed them and gave them drink was Abu Ja'far Abdallah ibn Muhammad Al-Mansur, and that al-Haitham ibn Muawiya was Gabriel. Accordingly they came to the palace of Mansur in Hashimiyya and began to hail him as lord. Mansur, however, secured their chiefs and threw them into prison. By means of a mock funeral they succeeded in reaching the prison and delivering their leaders. They then turned in wrath against Mansur and almost succeeded in capturing him, but were defeated and slain by al-Haitham.
References
Shia Islamic branches | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rawendis |
Operation Sidewinder may refer to:
Operation Sidewinder, a coalition military operation of the Iraq War
Operation Sidewinder (play), by Sam Shepard, 1970 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Operation%20Sidewinder |
The Royal Saskatchewan Museum (RSM) is a Canadian natural history museum in Regina, Saskatchewan. Founded in 1906, it is the first museum in Saskatchewan and the first provincial museum among the three Prairie provinces. The institution was formed to secure and preserve natural history specimens and objects of historical and ethnological interest.
Originally known as the Saskatchewan Museum of Natural History, the museum received royal patronage from Queen Elizabeth II, and was renamed the Royal Saskatchewan Museum in 1993.
History
Between 1906 and 1945 the museum occupied several premises including the Regina Trading Company Building, the Provincial Legislative Building, and the Normal School (the easternmost historic building on the "College Avenue" campus of the University of Regina). During the Second World War the museum's collections were taken out of public display and stored initially in the General Motors Building (east on Dewdney Avenue) to permit the Normal School to be used for the Commonwealth Air Training Plan, and then, when the GM building was also requisitioned, in Pilkington's Glass Company Building. The collections returned to the Normal School in 1944 and opened to the public again in 1946.
In 1953, the provincial government began construction of the current museum building on the corner of Albert Street and College Avenue, the site of the abandoned Chateau Qu'Appelle Hotel, as a Saskatchewan Golden Jubilee project. Partly for aesthetic reasons and partly to avoid the expansive task of uprooting the pilings, the museum was built on an angle with a large front lawn. The new premises were opened by Governor General Vincent Massey on May 16, 1955. To reflect the areas of devotion, the museum adopted the name Saskatchewan Museum of Natural History. This name remained until 1993 when they received royal designation from Queen Elizabeth II, Queen of Canada, and became the Royal Saskatchewan Museum.
Galleries
The museum collection, then housed in the Provincial Legislative Building, was decimated by the 1912 Regina Cyclone. The collection was severely damaged again in 1990 when fire broke out in the First Nations Gallery, which was then under construction. Smoke damage required the museum to close for four months. Since then, the museum has undergone significant revitalization with the development of the First Nations Gallery, Life Sciences Gallery, acquisition of the T.rex Discovery Centre and the renovation of the Earth Sciences Gallery.
Earth Sciences Gallery
From how the formation of the Earth provided Saskatchewan with rich mineral resources, to giant reptiles, dinosaurs and other extinct creatures that have lived in Saskatchewan during the past two billion years, the Earth Science Gallery describes Saskatchewan's fascinating ancient history and geological resources.
CN T. rex Gallery
On May 17, 2019, a life-size cast of Scotty, the world's largest T. rex went on display in the two-story CN T.rex Gallery, a gallery within the museum's Earth Science gallery. Originally discovered by Royal Saskatchewan Museum research team in Saskatchewan's Frenchman River Valley on August 16, 1991, specimen RSM P2523.8 is now on display in two locations in Saskatchewan: Regina and Eastend. The gallery highlights Scotty's injuries accumulated over its lifetime, and showcases the flora and fauna that lived alongside the T. rex.
First Nations Gallery
Opened on June 26, 1993, this gallery was a collaborative effort between researchers, Indigenous Elders, students and community members. Showcasing miniature and life-size dioramas, the gallery examines the culture, traditions, trade, treaties and communities of Saskatchewan's Indigenous people over the past 10,000 years.
Life Sciences Gallery
Sixteen detailed life-size dioramas Illustrates the ecoregions and seasons of Saskatchewan. Opened on June, 2001 the gallery describes how different life forms are interconnected. In a celebration of Saskatchewan's landscapes and biodiversity, visitors can see what it's like inside a bear's den, a beaver's lodge or a snake's hibernaculum.
Collections
The museum has a collection size of over 3.5 million, which includes 3 million archaeological artifacts, 250,000 insects, 37,500 fossils, 10,000 birds, 6,500 plants, 4,000 arachnids, 3,7000 mammals, 500 reptiles and 300 fish. This collection supports research that contributes to the knowledge of Saskatchewan's natural history and Indigenous cultures.
T.rex Discovery Centre
On February 14, 2013, the Royal Saskatchewan Museum assumed operations of the T.rex Discovery Centre. Located in Eastend, Saskatchewan, the centre houses a number of fossils from the Cretaceous and Cenozoic periods.
The T.rex Discovery Centre was established as a facility to house the fossil record of southwest Saskatchewan. The Town of Eastend, through a series of public meetings identified a need for a palaeontological centre to showcase the rich fossil record of the Frenchman River Valley and the Cypress Hills. The T.rex Discovery Centre opened in 2001 in the Frenchman River Valley, just north of Eastend.
Affiliations
The museum is affiliated with the Canadian Museums Association, the Canadian Heritage Information Network, and the Virtual Museum of Canada.
References
External links
Royal Saskatchewan Museum at the Encyclopedia of Saskatchewan
Museums established in 1906
Museums in Regina, Saskatchewan
Natural history museums in Saskatchewan
First Nations museums in Canada
Buildings and structures in Regina, Saskatchewan
Organizations based in Canada with royal patronage
1906 establishments in Saskatchewan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal%20Saskatchewan%20Museum |
In the mathematical field of graph theory, the Hoffman–Singleton graph is a 7-regular undirected graph with 50 vertices and 175 edges. It is the unique strongly regular graph with parameters (50,7,0,1). It was constructed by Alan Hoffman and Robert Singleton while trying to classify all Moore graphs, and is the highest-order Moore graph known to exist. Since it is a Moore graph where each vertex has degree 7, and the girth is 5, it is a (7,5)-cage.
Construction
Here are some constructions of the Hoffman–Singleton graph.
Construction from pentagons and pentagrams
Take five pentagons Ph and five pentagrams Qi . Join vertex j of Ph to vertex h·i+j of Qi. (All indices are modulo 5.)
Construction from PG(3,2)
Take a Fano plane on seven elements, such as {abc, ade, afg, bef, bdg, cdf, ceg} and apply all 2520 even permutations on the 7-set abcdefg. Canonicalize each such Fano plane (e.g. by reducing to lexicographic order) and discard duplicates. Exactly 15 Fano planes remain. Each 3-set (triplet) of the set abcdefg is present in exactly 3 Fano planes. The incidence between the 35 triplets and 15 Fano planes induces PG(3,2), with 15 points and 35 lines. To make the Hoffman-Singleton graph, create a graph vertex for each of the 15 Fano planes and 35 triplets. Connect each Fano plane to its 7 triplets, like a Levi graph, and also connect disjoint triplets to each other like the odd graph O(4).
A very similar construction from PG(3,2) is used to build the Higman–Sims graph, which has the Hoffman-Singleton graph as a subgraph.
Construction on a groupoid
Let be the set . Define a binary operation on such that for each and in ,
.
Then the Hoffman-Singleton graph has vertices and that there exists an edge between and whenever for some .
Algebraic properties
The automorphism group of the Hoffman–Singleton graph is a group of order isomorphic to PΣU(3,52) the semidirect product of the projective special unitary group PSU(3,52) with the cyclic group of order 2 generated by the Frobenius automorphism. It acts transitively on the vertices, on the edges and on the arcs of the graph. Therefore, the Hoffman–Singleton graph is a symmetric graph. As a permutation group on 50 symbols, it can be generated by the following two permutations applied recursively
and
The stabilizer of a vertex of the graph is isomorphic to the symmetric group S7 on 7 letters. The setwise stabilizer of an edge is isomorphic to Aut(A6)=A6.22, where A6 is the alternating group on 6 letters. Both of the two types of stabilizers are maximal subgroups of the whole automorphism group of the Hoffman–Singleton graph.
The characteristic polynomial of the Hoffman–Singleton graph is equal to . Therefore, the Hoffman–Singleton graph is an integral graph: its spectrum consists entirely of integers.
The Hoffman-Singleton graph has exactly 100 independent sets of size 15 each. Each independent set is disjoint from exactly 7 other independent sets. The 100-vertex graph that connects disjoint independent sets can be partitioned into two 50-vertex subgraphs, each of which is isomorphic to the Hoffman-Singleton graph, in an unusual case of self-replicating + multiplying behavior.
Subgraphs and supergraphs
There are 1260 5-cycles and 525 6-cycles in the Hoffman–Singleton graph. There are 525 copies of the Petersen graph, with each 6-cycle belonging to exactly one Petersen each. Removing any one Petersen leaves a copy of the unique (6,5) cage.
The Hoffman–Singleton graph also contains many copies of the Möbius–Kantor graph and the Heawood graph, which are all bipartite, and by coloring them with alternating values of +1 and -1, an eigenvector of the graph can be found, with associated eigenvalue of −3. (This the only negative eigenvalue of the Hoffman–Singleton graph.) Taken together, these eigenvectors span the −3 eigenspace of the Hoffman–Singleton graph, although they form a highly overcomplete basis: there are many more Möbius–Kantor graphs or Heawood graphs than there are −3 eigenvectors. There are 750 copies of the Heawood graph, and the Heawood graph has automorphism group of order 336. In turn, 750*336 = 252000, the size of the automorphism group of the Hoffman-Singleton graph, which means that the Hoffman-Singleton graph is fixed by fixing any Heawood graph inside of it. Similarly, there are 2625 copies of the Möbius–Kantor graph, which has automorphism group order 96, and 2625*96=252000, so the analogous statement holds.
The Heawood graph is notably the incidence graph of the Fano plane, and so following the 15+35 construction of the Hoffman–Singleton graph above, this immediately shows many places where Heawood graphs must occur. Take an independent set of size 15 in the Hoffman Singleton graph. There are 100 of these. Find another independent set that has 8 vertices in common with the first. There are 15 such neighboring independent sets. Discard the 8 common vertices. The 14 vertices that remain form a Heawood graph. There are thus 100*15/2 = 750 Heawood graphs as established earlier.
The Hoffman Singleton graph also contains the odd graph O(4), the Coxeter graph, and the Tutte-Coxeter graph as subgraphs.
Take any edge of the Hoffman-Singleton graph, and discard those two vertices as well as the 12 vertices directly connected to either of them. The graph that remains is the Sylvester graph on 36 vertices. Because each such edge can be mapped to a distinct Sylvester graph, there are 175 copies of the Sylvester graph in the Hoffman Singleton graph.
The Hoffman Singleton graph is contained in the Higman–Sims graph which is therefore a supergraph.
The Hoffman-Singleton graph contains 42000 copies of the dodecahedral graph as a subgraph.
See also
McKay–Miller–Širáň graphs, a class of graphs including the Hoffman–Singleton graph
Table of the largest known graphs of a given diameter and maximal degree
Notes
References
.
Individual graphs
Regular graphs
Strongly regular graphs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hoffman%E2%80%93Singleton%20graph |
Nicholas Garlick (c. 1555 – 24 July 1588) was an English Catholic priest, martyred in Derby in the reign of Queen Elizabeth I.
Early life
He was born around 1555, near Dinting in Glossop, within the county of Derby. In January 1575 he matriculated at Gloucester Hall, now Worcester College, Oxford. Although he was described as "well seen in Poetry, Rhetoric, and philosophy,"
he remained at Oxford for only six months and left without taking a degree, perhaps because of the required Oath of Supremacy. He then became a schoolmaster in Tideswell.
Garlick seems to have been schoolmaster at Tideswell for some six or seven years. An anonymous writer, quoted in Hayward, says that he taught "with great love, credit, and no small profit to his scholars." Three of his pupils became priests; one of them, Christopher Buxton, was himself later martyred, while another, Robert Bagshaw, witnessed his teacher's martyrdom, and ended his life as President of the English Benedictine Congregation.
The priesthood
Garlick entered the English College at Rheims on 22 June 1581. He was ordained as a priest at the end of March 1582, and left for the English Mission on 25 January 1583. Little is known of his arrival or his early work there, but he was arrested and banished along with seventy-two other priests in 1585. He arrived at Rheims on 17 October that year; two days later, he was on his way back to England.
Garlick's second ministry in England lasted over two and a half years. The Douai Diary reports that he was in London in April 1586. A spy's report from 16 September 1586 says that he "laboureth with diligence in Hampshire and Dorsetshire." A government list of recusants for March 1588 announces his presence in Derbyshire.
Arrest and trial
He was finally arrested with fellow priest Robert Ludlam on 12 July 1588 at Padley, at the home of the famous recusant family the FitzHerberts. The house was raided by George Talbot, Earl of Shrewsbury, who was looking for John FitzHerbert; the finding of two priests as well was, according to Connelly, "an unexpected bonus". Garlick and Ludlam, John FitzHerbert, his son Anthony, three of his daughters, Maud, Jane, and Mary, and ten servants were arrested, and taken to jail.
In Derby Gaol, Ludlam and Garlick met with another priest, Richard Simpson, who had been earlier condemned to death but had been granted a reprieve, either, as stated by most sources, including Challoner, because he had given some hope that he would attend a Protestant service, or, as suggested by Sweeney, because the Queen may have given orders to halt the persecution of priests to reduce the threat of invasion from Spain. Whether or not Simpson was wavering, he remained firm after his meeting with Garlick and Ludlam.
On 23 July 1588, the three priests were tried for coming into the kingdom and "seducing" the Queen's subjects. Garlick, who acted as spokesman, answered, "I have not come to seduce, but to induce men to the Catholic faith. For this end have I come to the country, and for this will I work as long as I live." A second altercation with the Bench came when Garlick was asked if he wished to be tried by jury or by the Justices of Assize alone. Garlick, knowing that a verdict of guilty was inevitable, replied that he did not wish his blood to be on the hands of poor men. He was, however, persuaded to yield on this point, and the trial proceeded by jury. The three priests were found guilty of treason, and were condemned to be hanged, drawn and quartered; the sentences were to be carried out the next day: "That you and each of you be carried to the place from whence you came, and from thence be drawn on a hurdle to the place of execution, and be there severally hanged, but cut down while you are alive; that your privy members be cut off; that your bowels be taken out and burnt before your faces; that your heads be severed from your bodies; that your bodies be divided into four-quarters, and that your quarters be at the Queen's disposal; and the Lord have mercy on your souls."
As the three priests left the dock, Garlick exclaimed, "I thought that Cain would never be satisfied till he had the blood of his brother Abel."
Execution
Henry Garnet, cited in Sweeney, recounts that the priests spent their last night in the same cell as a woman condemned to death for murder, and that in the course of the night they reconciled her to the Catholic faith. She was hanged with them the next day.
On 24 July 1588, the three priests were placed on hurdles and drawn to St Mary's Bridge, where the executions were to be carried out. Garlick remained witty and cheerful to the end. A passer-by reminded him that they had often gone shooting together, to which Garlick replied, "True, but now I am to shoot off such a shot as I never shot in all my life". When they arrived at the bridge, the cauldron was not ready for burning the entrails. According to Sweeney, "[t]his sort of bungling was frequent in provincial executions; the local men were amateurs, unversed in the ritual of butchery."
Garlick used the time to give the people a long sermon on the salvation of their souls, ignoring the attempts of officials to make him stop. He closed his speech by throwing into the crowd a number of papers which he had written in prison, and which he said would prove what he affirmed. Bede Camm reports a tradition that everyone into whose hands these papers fell was subsequently reconciled to the Catholic Church. Simpson was apparently to have been executed first, but reports state that Garlick hastened to the ladder before him and kissed it, going up first, either because, as suggested by Anthony Champney, Simpson was showing some signs of fear, or, as suggested by Challoner, Garlick suspected that there was a danger that his companion's courage might fail him. Simpson was executed next, and, according to an eyewitness, "suffered with great constancy, though not with such (remarkable) signs of joy and alacrity as the other two". Ludlam was the last of the three to be executed, and is reported to have stood smiling while the execution of Garlick was being carried out, and to have continued smiling when his own turn came.
After his death
A poem by an anonymous writer, who seems to have witnessed the executions, describes the scene as follows:
When Garlick did the ladder kiss,
And Sympson after hie,
Methought that there St. Andrew was
Desirous for to die.
When Ludlam lookèd smilingly,
And joyful did remain,
It seemed St. Stephen was standing by,
For to be stoned again.
And what if Sympson seemed to yield,
For doubt and dread to die;
He rose again, and won the field
And died most constantly.
His watching, fasting, shirt of hair;
His speech, his death, and all,
Do record give, do witness bear,
He wailed his former fall.
The heads and quarters of the three priests were placed on poles in various places around Derby. Garlick's student, Robert Bagshaw, writes as follows: "And the penner of this their martyrdoms, who was also present at their deaths, with two other resolute Catholick gentlemen, going in the night divers miles, well weaponed, took down one of their heads from the top of a house standing on the bridge, the watchmen of the town (as was afterwards confessed) seeing them and giving no resistance. This they buryed with as great decencie as they could, and soon after the rest of the quarters were taken away secretly by others."
Dr. Cox, a Derbyshire historian writing in the second half of the nineteenth century, and quoted by Sweeney, mentions a tradition that Garlick's head was buried in the churchyard at Tideswell. It has never been found.
The three priests were declared venerable in 1888, and were among the eighty-five martyrs of England and Wales beatified by Pope John Paul II on 22 November 1987.
See also
Douai Martyrs
References
External links
The Story of the Padley Martyrs
1550s births
1588 deaths
English College, Douai alumni
16th-century English Roman Catholic priests
People from Glossop
English beatified people
Martyred Roman Catholic priests
People executed under Elizabeth I by hanging, drawing and quartering
Executed people from Derbyshire
16th-century Roman Catholic martyrs
Eighty-five martyrs of England and Wales
16th-century venerated Christians
Alumni of Gloucester Hall, Oxford | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nicholas%20Garlick |
The Conspicuous Service Cross is a decoration for military service awarded by the State of New York.
Eligibility
The general criteria for the New York State Conspicuous Service Cross require an individual to meet all four conditions:
A current New York State citizen OR
A New York State citizen while serving on federal active duty
A current or former full-time military person serving in the Armed Forces of the United States for purposes other than training since 1917; Active Guard/Reserve AGR excepted
Currently serving under honorable conditions OR
Honorably discharged from active duty
A recipient of at least one of the following decorations:
Medal of Honor
Distinguished Service Cross
Navy Cross
Air Force Cross
Defense Distinguished Service Medal
Distinguished Service Medal (U.S. Army)
Distinguished Service Medal (Navy-Marine Corps)
Distinguished Service Medal (Air Force)
Distinguished Service Medal (Coast Guard)
Silver Star
Defense Superior Service Medal
Legion of Merit
Distinguished Flying Cross
Soldier's Medal
Navy and Marine Corps Medal
Airman's Medal
Coast Guard Medal
Bronze Star Medal
Purple Heart
Defense Meritorious Service Medal
Meritorious Service Medal
Air Medal
The Conspicuous Service Cross is also awarded to those members of the New York Organised Militia who were prisoners of war, served at Pearl Harbor on December 7, 1941, directly participated in the Invasion of Normandy on June 6, 1944, or have been declared by the Department of Defense as killed or missing in action. It may also be awarded for conspicuous service to the State of New York.
See also
Conspicuous Service Medal (New York)
References
Conspicuous Service Cross
State awards and decorations of the United States
Government of New York (state) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Conspicuous%20Service%20Cross%20%28New%20York%29 |
The Seoul Philharmonic Orchestra (SPO) is a South Korean orchestra based in Seoul. Founded in 1948, it is one of the oldest orchestras in South Korea. Its first foreign tour came on a 1965 trip to Japan, followed by performances in Southeast Asia in 1977, the United States in 1982, 1986, and 1996, a 1988 tour of Europe before the Seoul Olympics that year, and a 1997 performance in Beijing. The Philharmonic is an incorporated foundation since 2005.
Overview
Founded in January 1948, the Seoul Philharmonic Orchestra has a longer history than any other Korean orchestra. In February 1948, the orchestra held its opening concert, conducted by Seong-Tae Kim. In October of the same year, the Seoul Philharmonic Society was formed to provide support for the orchestra. The society published the music monthly Philharmonie in the following year. After a subscription concert in the Seoul Civic Hall on July 25, 1950, the orchestra had to suspend its activities due to the outbreak of the Korean War, but resumed performance with the name of the Naval Symphony Orchestra, five months later. Its first foreign tour came on a 1965 trip to Japan, followed by performances in Southeast Asia in 1977, the United States in 1982, 1986, and 1996, a 1988 tour of Europe before the Seoul Olympics that year, and a 1997 performance in Beijing. The Philharmonic is an incorporated foundation since 2005.
In August 1957, the Seoul Metropolitan Council passed "The Seoul Metropolitan Ordinances to Install a City-Run Orchestra," and the Naval Symphony Orchestra became the Seoul Philharmonic Orchestra, the first Korean orchestra funded by a government. The launching ceremony for the orchestra with triple winds took place in the city council's chamber. Saeng-Ryo Kim was appointed its first Chief Conductor. Since then, the SPO has helped the symphonies of Beethoven, Brahms, Mozart, and Tchaikovsky take root as a basic repertoire in the Korean music community. Through these concerts, Korean musicians such as Kyung-Sook Lee, Kun-Woo Paik, Kyung-Wha Chung, Dong-Suk Kang, and Myung-Whun Chung attained increased recognition.
With the aim of growing into a major orchestra, the Seoul Philharmonic Orchestra was re-launched as an incorporated foundation on June 1, 2005, and appointed Myung-Whun Chung as its Music Director (he had been Artistic Advisor in 2005). With Chung, in 2014, the Seoul Philharmonic made its debut at the BBC Proms.
The orchestra focuses on interaction with modern music. According to the Los Angeles Times, the Seoul Philharmonic Orchestra "has the reputation for championing more new music than any other major Asian orchestra". It adopted the composer-in-residence system for the first time in Korea when it was re-launched as an incorporated foundation and welcomed Unsuk Chin as its first Composer-in-Residence. Chin is the founder-director of a series of modern music titled Ars Nova since 2006. It has featured conductors such as Peter Eötvös, Kwamé Ryan, Thierry Fischer, Susanna Mälkki, François-Xavier Roth, Ilan Volkov, Baldur Brönnimann and Roland Kluttig, among others. Until 2011, the series had presented around 100 Korean premieres - half of them being Asian premieres - of works by leading 20th- and 21st-century composers including Anton von Webern, Igor Stravinsky, Olivier Messiaen, John Cage, Giacinto Scelsi, Witold Lutoslawski, Iannis Xenakis, György Ligeti, Pierre Boulez and György Kurtág. In 2009, the series collaborated with IRCAM, the Paris-based center for electronic music. Korea. Since 2011, the Seoul Philharmonic Orchestra has commissioned or co-commissioned orchestral works by composers such as Pascal Dusapin, Peter Eötvös, Tristan Murail and York Höller for the 'Ars Nova' series. Additionally, several commissions by major Korean composers have been premiered.
The orchestra signed a contract with Deutsche Grammophon (DG) in 2011 to release 10 albums over five years, the first time that an Asian orchestra has signed such an extensive contract. An album with music by Unsuk Chin was named an International Classical Music Award and a BBC Music Magazine Award winner in the Contemporary Music category.
Myung-Whun Chung was the orchestra's music director from 2005 until his resignation in December 2015. During his tenure, the orchestra became the first Asian orchestra to sign a major-label record deal, and gave its first performance at The Proms in August 2014. In September 2016, the orchestra announced the appointments of Thierry Fischer as its principal guest conductor and of Markus Stenz as conductor-in-residence, effective January 2017, with initial contracts of 3 years.
In April 2019, the orchestra announced the appointment of Osmo Vänskä as its next music director, effective January 2020, with an initial contract of 3 years. Vänskä concluded his music directorship of the Seoul Philharmonic Orchestra at the close of 2022. In September 2022, the orchestra announced the appointment of Jaap van Zweden as its next music director, effective January 2024, with an initial contract of 5 years.
Conductors
Principal Conductor & Artistic Directors
Saeng-Ryeo Kim (1948–1961)
Man-Bok Kim (1961–1969)
Gyeong-Su Won (1970–1971)
Jae-Dong Jeong (1974–1990)
Eun-Seong Park (1990–1991)
Gyeong-Su Won (1994–1996)
Mark Ermler (2000–2002)
Seung Kwak (2003)
Myung-Whun Chung (2005–2015)
Osmo Vänskä (2020–2022)
Jaap van Zweden (designate, effective January 2024)
Principal Guest Conductor
Thierry Fischer (2017–2020)
Conductor-In-Residence
Markus Stenz (2017–2021)
Associate Conductor
Eun-Seong Park (1984–1989)
Shi-Yeon Sung (2009–2013)
Su-Yeol Choi (2014–2017)
Wilson Ng (2019–2022)
David Yi (2020–present)
Composer-in-Residence
Unsuk Chin (2006–2018, also Artistic Director of Ars Nova series)
Presidents
Pal-Seong Lee (2005–2008)
Jooho Kim (2009–2012)
Hyeon-Jeong Park (2013–2014)
Heung-Sik Choi (2015–2018)
Eun-Kyung Kang (2018–2021)
Shon Eun-gyeong (2021–present)
Recordings
Ahn Eak-tai: Symphonic Fantasia "Korea" (Excerpt) / Four Korean Folk Songs, conducted by Jae-Dong Jeong, Sung-Eum Records LP 1983.
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky: Romeo and Juliet, Marche Slave / Franz Liszt: Les préludes / Yoon-Joo Jeong: Gayageum Concerto theme by Hwang Byung-Ki (with Seung-Hi Yang), conducted by Jae-Dong Jeong, Seoul Records LP/Compact Cassette 1987.
César Franck: Symphony in D minor / Sergei Rachmaninoff: Piano Concerto No. 2 (with Hye-Kyeong Lee), conducted by Jae-Dong Jeong, SKC CD 1989.
Edward Elgar: Salut d'Amour (version for orchestra) / Ermanno Wolf-Ferrari: First & Second Intermezzos from I gioielli della Madonna / Edvard Grieg: Solveig's Song from Peer Gynt / Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Andante from Divertimento K.136 (125a) / Bedřich Smetana: Dance of Comedians from The Bartered Bride / George Enescu: Romanian Rhapsody No. 2 / Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Menuetto from Symphony No. 39 / Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky: Andante cantabile from String Quartet No. 1 (version for string orchestra) / Edward Elgar: Allegro piacevole from Serenade for Strings / Joseph Haydn: Allegro spiritoso from Symphony No. 83, conducted by Gyeong-Su Won, Samsung Nices CD 1995. (Encore collection from subscription concerts during the year of 1994)
Max Bruch: Violin Concerto No. 1 (with Ho-Young Pi) / Antonín Dvořák: Cello Concerto (with Young-Hoon Song), conducted by Chi-Yong Chung, Seoul Arts Center CD 2001.
Ludwig van Beethoven: Symphonies Nos. 5 & 6, conducted by Myung-whun Chung, Seoul Philharmonic Orchestra CD 2006.
Johannes Brahms: Symphony No. 1 & Academic Festival Overture, conducted by Myung-whun Chung, Seoul Philharmonic Orchestra CD 2007.
Antonín Dvořák: Symphony No. 9, conducted by Myung-whun Chung, Seoul Philharmonic Orchestra CD 2008.
Igor Stravinsky: The Rite of Spring, conducted by Myung-whun Chung, Seoul Philharmonic Orchestra CD 2009.
Claude Debussy: La mer / Maurice Ravel: Ma mère l'oye & La valse, conducted by Myung-whun Chung, Deutsche Grammophon 2011.
Johannes Brahms: Symphony No. 2, conducted by Myung-whun Chung, Universal Music Korea 2011. (as a bonus disk of 33-CDs boxset 'Myung-whun Chung: DG Recordings 1991-2010')
Gustav Mahler: Symphony No. 1, conducted by Myung-whun Chung, Deutsche Grammophon 2011.
Gustav Mahler: Symphony No. 2 (with Myung Joo Lee, Petra Lang, National Chorus of Korea, Seoul Metropolitan Chorus, Seoul Motet Choir & Grande Opera Choir), conducted by Myung-whun Chung, Deutsche Grammophon 2012.
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky: Symphony No. 6 / Sergei Rachmaninoff: Vocalise, conducted by Myung-whun Chung, Deutsche Grammophon 2012.
Ludwig van Beethoven: Piano Concerto No. 5 (with Sunwook Kim) & Symphony No. 5, conducted by Myung-whun Chung, Deutsche Grammophon 2013.
Ludwig van Beethoven: Symphony No. 9 (with Kathleen Kim, Songmi Yang, Yosep Kang, Samuel Youn, National Chorus of Korea, Seoul Motet Choir & Anyang Civic Chorale), conducted by Myung-whun Chung, Deutsche Grammophon 2013.
Unsuk Chin: Piano Concerto (with Sunwook Kim), Cello Concerto (with Alban Gerhardt) & Šu for sheng and orchestra (with Wu Wei), conducted by Myung-whun Chung, Deutsche Grammophon 2014.
Gustav Mahler: Symphony No. 9, conducted by Myung-whun Chung, Deutsche Grammophon 2014.
Gustav Mahler: Symphony No. 5, conducted by Myung-whun Chung, Deutsche Grammophon 2015.
Ludwig van Beethoven: Overture Leonore No. 3 / Camille Saint-Saëns: Symphony No. 3 / Seong-Hwan Choi: Arirang, conducted by Myung-whun Chung, Deutsche Grammophon 2017. (from opening concert of the Lotte Concert Hall, Seoul)
Isang Yun: Legend for orchestra 'Silla', Violin Concerto III (with Sueye Park), Chamber Symphony I, conducted by Osmo Vänskä, BIS Records 2022.
References
External links
Official Korean-language homepage of the Seoul Philharmonic Orchestra
Official English-language homepage of the Seoul Philharmonic Orchestra
"Seoul Philharmonic aiming to become world-class orchestra", Yonhap News, January 13, 2006.
"Seoul Philharmonic Protests With Music", The Korea Times, March 31, 2005.
"Das Seoul Philharmonic Orchestra erfindet sich neu", neue musikzeitung, 6/09 - 58. Jahrgang.
"Musik als Chefsache - Seoul Philharmonic Orchestra auf dem Weg zum Weltklasseorchester"
Musical groups established in 1948
South Korean orchestras
Music in Seoul | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seoul%20Philharmonic%20Orchestra |
Prague High School may refer to:
Prague High School (Nebraska) in Prague, Nebraska
Prague High School (Oklahoma) in Prague, Oklahoma | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prague%20High%20School |
Nigel Mitchell is a British television and radio presenter and voice-over artist.
Early life and education
Nigel was born in Kingston Upon Thames. He attended Shrewsbury House School in Surbiton, from where he gained a scholarship to Reed's School in Cobham, Surrey at the age of 11.
Television career
Nickelodeon
Nigel started his TV career as a presenter on the kid's television station, Nickelodeon at the age of 17.
ITV
Nigel left Nickelodeon to present 'Sticky' on CITV. Sticky was a live magazine show produced by 70's TV personality Mick Robertson. The show was co-presented by Gail Porter.
Disney Channel
Nigel went on to Disney Channel in 1997 to host Studio Disney and remained with the channel until the live shows were ended in May 2005. Studio Disney featured live games, callers, special guests and live performances.
Film 24
Nigel was a regular presenter on Sky's Film 24 channel looking at upcoming movies and interviewing the stars before the premieres. Interviews include Kiefer Sutherland, Reese Witherspoon and Robert Pattinson.
Arsenal FC
Nigel works with Arsenal Football Club as the pitch side presenter at Emirates Stadium. He also hosts Arsenal World.
This Morning
Nigel regularly presented The Hub on the ITV morning show
Radio presenting
Information on the radio presenting Nigel has presented during his career.
Heart
Most recently, Nigel has covered shows on the network.
BBC Radio Cambridgeshire
Nigel's broadcast across Cambridgeshire when he covered the afternoon show for Sue Dougan, Bank Holidays and the Saturday Summer Sport programme.
Fox FM
Nigel worked for Fox FM in Oxford during 2008.
Capital Disney
Nigel hosted the breakfast show when Capital Disney launched in 2002 and throughout Capital Disney's time on air he also hosted live shows across the weekend and 'The Friday Afternoon Thing.' Producer, Andrew Rendle, nicknamed Radio Rendle, was part of the show every weekend.
Kingston FM
Whilst at school Nigel was given the chance to host his own shows on Kingston FM, Palace FM and then later on Thames FM when it was awarded a full-time licence in 1997. The station was run by former Thames TV Producer Dave Mason and the Chairman of this station was David Jacobs. Nigel once told the story of how David Jacobs came into the studio whilst Nigel was on-air and questioned why he did his shows standing up! This radio station is now called Radio Jackie.
Trivia
Guinness Book of World Records
As part of Wish Upon a Star, another short programme for Disney Channel, Nigel Mitchell and Cial Turner travelled on six track rides at Universal Studios Port Aventura, Barcelona, Spain covered a distance of 4,302.03m (14,114 ft 1.2 inches) in 46 minutes and 22 seconds. Still the world record, four years later.
Nigel also attempted a world record attempt for stacking pancakes at the Disney Channel studio.
Producer of Capital Disney radio show Andrew Rendle, nicknamed Radio Rendle or told on radio show that when he first met Nigel, Nigel wore cardigans and tank tops, and Nigel based his hair on Jason Donovan.
Footnotes
External links
Nigel Mitchell Fan Club
British television presenters
Living people
1978 births
People educated at Reed's School | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nigel%20Mitchell |
Louis Lombardi (born January 17, 1968) is an American actor known for his roles in The Sopranos, Fantasy Island, and 24 and also as the bartender in Battleship.
Early life
Lombardi was born in The Bronx, New York City, the son of Louis Lombardi Sr.
Career
On television, Lombardi had a recurring role on The Sopranos as Agent Skip Lipari, and guest starred on such shows as Chuck, Entourage, Heroes and CSI. He was a cast member of a 1990s revival of Fantasy Island and played Edgar Stiles on 24. He also played Stucky Fein in the short-lived television show Mob City.
He has had roles in films including Beer League, The Usual Suspects, Natural Born Killers, Suicide Kings, Beverly Hills Cop III, The Animal, Spider-Man 2, 3000 Miles to Graceland, The Crew, The Hot Chick, The Spirit, Battleship, and Jersey Boys. He also wrote and directed the film Dough Boys, released in 2008.
Filmography
Film
Television
References
External links
Official website
Biography on FOX.com
1968 births
American male film actors
American male television actors
Living people
Male actors from New York City
American people of Italian descent | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis%20Lombardi |
In graph theory, a Moore graph is a regular graph whose girth (the shortest cycle length) is more than twice its diameter (the distance between the farthest two vertices). If the degree of such a graph is and its diameter is , its girth must equal . This is true, for a graph of degree and diameter , if and only if its number of vertices equals
an upper bound on the largest possible number of vertices in any graph with this degree and diameter. Therefore, these graphs solve the degree diameter problem for their parameters.
Another equivalent definition of a Moore graph is that it has girth and precisely cycles of length , where and are, respectively, the numbers of vertices and edges of . They are in fact extremal with respect to the number of cycles whose length is the girth of the graph.
Moore graphs were named by after Edward F. Moore, who posed the question of describing and classifying these graphs.
As well as having the maximum possible number of vertices for a given combination of degree and diameter, Moore graphs have the minimum possible number of vertices for a regular graph with given degree and girth. That is, any Moore graph is a cage. The formula for the number of vertices in a Moore graph can be generalized to allow a definition of Moore graphs with even girth as well as odd girth, and again these graphs are cages.
Bounding vertices by degree and diameter
Let be any graph with maximum degree and diameter , and consider the tree formed by breadth first search starting from any vertex . This tree has 1 vertex at level 0 ( itself), and at most vertices at level 1 (the neighbors of ). In the next level, there are at most vertices: each neighbor of uses one of its adjacencies to connect to and so can have at most neighbors at level 2. In general, a similar argument shows that at any level , there can be at most vertices. Thus, the total number of vertices can be at most
originally defined a Moore graph as a graph for which this bound on the number of vertices is met exactly. Therefore, any Moore graph has the maximum number of vertices possible among all graphs with maximum degree and diameter .
Later, showed that Moore graphs can equivalently be defined as having diameter and girth ; these two requirements combine to force the graph to be -regular for some and to satisfy the vertex-counting formula.
Moore graphs as cages
Instead of upper bounding the number of vertices in a graph in terms of its maximum degree and its diameter, we can calculate via similar methods a lower bound on the number of vertices in terms of its minimum degree and its girth. Suppose has minimum degree and girth . Choose arbitrarily a starting vertex , and as before consider the breadth-first search tree rooted at . This tree must have one vertex at level 0 ( itself), and at least vertices at level 1. At level 2 (for ), there must be at least vertices, because each vertex at level 1 has at least remaining adjacencies to fill, and no two vertices at level 1 can be adjacent to each other or to a shared vertex at level 2 because that would create a cycle shorter than the assumed girth. In general, a similar argument shows that at any level , there must be at least vertices. Thus, the total number of vertices must be at least
In a Moore graph, this bound on the number of vertices is met exactly. Each Moore graph has girth exactly : it does not have enough vertices to have higher girth, and a shorter cycle would cause there to be too few vertices in the first levels of some breadth first search tree.
Therefore, any Moore graph has the minimum number of vertices possible among all graphs with minimum degree and girth : it is a cage.
For even girth , one can similarly form a breadth-first search tree starting from the midpoint of a single edge. The resulting bound on the minimum number of vertices in a graph of this girth with minimum degree is
(The right hand side of the formula instead counts the number of vertices in a breadth first search tree starting from a single vertex, accounting for the possibility that a vertex in the last level of the tree may be adjacent to vertices in the previous level.)
Thus, the Moore graphs are sometimes defined as including the graphs that exactly meet this bound. Again, any such graph must be a cage.
Examples
The Hoffman–Singleton theorem states that any Moore graph with girth 5 must have degree 2, 3, 7, or 57. The Moore graphs are:
The complete graphs on nodes (diameter 1, girth 3, degree , order )
The odd cycles (diameter , girth , degree 2, order )
The Petersen graph (diameter 2, girth 5, degree 3, order 10)
The Hoffman–Singleton graph (diameter 2, girth 5, degree 7, order 50)
A hypothetical graph of diameter 2, girth 5, degree 57 and order 3250, whose existence is unknown
Although all the known Moore graphs are vertex-transitive graphs, the unknown one (if it exists) cannot be vertex-transitive, as its automorphism group can have order at most 375, less than its number of vertices.
If the generalized definition of Moore graphs that allows even girth graphs is used, the even girth Moore graphs correspond to incidence graphs of (possible degenerate) Generalized polygons. Some examples are the even cycles , the complete bipartite graphs with girth four, the Heawood graph with degree 3 and girth 6, and the Tutte–Coxeter graph with degree 3 and girth 8. More generally, it is known that, other than the graphs listed above, all Moore graphs must have girth 5, 6, 8, or 12. The even girth case also follows from the Feit-Higman theorem about possible values of for a generalized -gon.
See also
Table of the largest known graphs of a given diameter and maximal degree
Notes
References
.
.
.
External links
Brouwer and Haemers: Spectra of graphs
Graph families
Regular graphs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moore%20graph |
Red Cloud High School may refer to:
Red Cloud High School (Nebraska) in Red Cloud, Nebraska
Red Cloud High School (South Dakota) in Pine Ridge, South Dakota | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%20Cloud%20High%20School |
LovHer was an American R&B girl group. The group was the first female group on the Def Soul label. The group was formed in 1999 by Sisqó, lead singer of R&B group Dru Hill, who wanted to put together a girl group that would present a raw, "street" appeal. Like Dru Hill, LovHer's members are known by hip hop nicknames:Talia "Chinky" Burgess, Marthea "Buttah" Jackson, Samerrah "Serenade" Terrell, and Kienji Hakeem. LovHer comprised the Baltimore, Maryland, native Chinky who was discovered in a talent show, Kienji from South Central Los Angeles, Serenade and Buttah from Milwaukee, Wisconsin, who were hosting a public-access television cable TV show before auditioning for the co-founder of Dru Hill.
History
In 1999, LovHer made their first appearance in Sisqó's "Got to Get It" music video, and performed vocals on Sisqó's Unleash the Dragon and Return of Dragon albums. Before "Got to Get It", LovHer lead singer Chinky had appeared on Dru Hill's Enter the Dru album.
In 2002, their song "How It's Gonna Be" was released as a single from the 2001 Rush Hour 2 soundtrack, and peaked at number 60 on the Billboard Hot R&B/Hip-Hop Songs chart. The group was nominated for the Soul Train Lady of Soul award for Best R&B/Soul or Rap New Artist - Group, Band or Duo.
The group was dropped by Def Soul and recorded an album that was eventually shelved. In 2007, Kienji left the group. After a brief attempt at continuing as a trio, the remaining members of the group split up.
Discography
Advance Retail Sampler (2002)
Compilation appearances
Rush Hour 2 soundtrack (31 July 2001) (song: "How It's Gonna Be")
References
African-American musical groups
American contemporary R&B musical groups
Def Jam Recordings artists
American girl groups | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/LovHer |
Michael J. Flores is an American author on the topic of games, Magic: The Gathering, deck construction and game theory.
Career
The Philippines-born Flores has published articles for The Duelist, The Sideboard, Usenet, The Magic Dojo, The Psylum Dojo, Neutral Ground, Brainburst and other major independent Magic sites. He used to write a weekly column for Wizards of the Coast's official site MagicTheGathering.com and occasional columns for MTG site Starcitygames.com.
Flores is a former color commentator on the Pro Tour webcasts.
Flores designed Jon Finkel's deck, Napster, for the 2000 US National Championship. He also designed André Coimbra's Naya Lightsaber deck, which he used to win the 2009 World Championship.
Flores has qualified for the Pro Tour numerous times. He has earned the nickname "Bad Player Flores" due to his continued failure to succeed at the top level of the game as well as his many play mistakes. However, he did finish 26th at Pro Tour Charleston with teammates Steve Sadin and Paul Jordan, with an individual record of 11–3, and won the 2006 Standard State Championship in New York City
The first 10 years of Flores' writing were recently collected into a book called Michael J. Flores: Deckade, 10 years of decks, thoughts and theory. He is currently working on a graphic novel with Platinum Studios.
References
Living people
American Magic: The Gathering players
Writers from New York City
Year of birth missing (living people) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike%20Flores%20%28author%29 |
Đặng Thùy Trâm (November 26, 1942 – June 22, 1970) was a Vietnamese doctor. She worked as a battlefield surgeon for the People's Army of Vietnam and Vietcong during the Vietnam War. Her wartime diaries, which chronicle the last two years of her life, attracted international attention following their publication in 2005.
Early life
Trâm was born on November 26, 1942, in Hanoi, Vietnam, to a family of doctors that had spanned three generations. Her father, Đặng Ngọc Khuê, was a surgeon and her mother, Doãn Ngọc Trâm, was a pharmacist. Trâm was also the eldest of five siblings, which included three other younger sisters and a younger brother.
She went to high school at Chu Văn An High School (Hanoi) and later attended the Hanoi Medical University during college.
On December 23, 1966, Trâm, along with many other civilians, boarded a truck to the Quảng Bình Province and began working as a battlefield surgeon.
Diaries
One of Trâm's handwritten diaries was captured by US forces in December 1969. Following her death in a gun battle on June 22, 1970, a second diary was taken by Frederic (Fred) Whitehurst, a then 22-year-old military intelligence specialist. Whitehurst defied an order to burn the diaries, instead following the advice of a South Vietnamese translator not to destroy them. He kept them for 35 years, with the intention of eventually returning them to Trâm's family.
After returning to the United States, Whitehurst's search for Trâm's family initially proved unsuccessful. After earning a Ph.D. in chemistry he joined the FBI, but was unable to reach anyone from the Vietnamese embassy. In March 2005, he and his brother Robert – another Vietnam veteran – brought the diaries to a conference at Texas Tech University. There, they met photographer Ted Engelmann (also a Vietnam veteran), who offered to look for the family during his trip to Vietnam. With the assistance of Do Xuan Anh, a staff member in the Hanoi Quaker office, Engelmann was able to locate Trâm's mother, Doan Ngoc Tram, and subsequently reached the rest of her family.
In July 2005, Trâm's diaries were published in Vietnam under the title Nhật ký Đặng Thùy Trâm (Đặng Thùy Trâm's Diary (Last Night I Dreamed Of Peace)), which quickly became a bestseller. In less than a year, the volume sold more than 300,000 copies and comparisons were drawn between Trâm's writings and that of Anne Frank.
In August 2005, Fred and Robert Whitehurst traveled to Hanoi to meet Trâm's family. In October of that year, Trâm's family visited Lubbock, Texas, to view the diaries archived at Texas Tech University Vietnam Archive, and then visited Fred Whitehurst and his family.
The diaries were translated into English and published in September 2007. They include family photographs and images of Trâm. Translations of the diaries have been published in at least sixteen different languages.
In 2009, a film about Tram by Vietnamese director Đặng Nhật Minh, entitled Đừng Đốt (Do Not Burn It), was released.
Death
Tram was 27 years old when she died on June 22, 1970, in Đức Phổ, Quảng Ngãi Province, Vietnam. She and another colleague were killed by a patrol from the US 4th Battalion, 21st Infantry Regiment in a Free-fire zone while traveling on a trail in the Ba Tơ jungle in Quảng Ngãi Province.
External links
"Trở lại một khát vọng hòa bình"(September 14, 2007)
"Nhật ký Đặng Thùy Trâm có giá trị toàn cầu và vĩnh cửu" (September 18, 2007)
"Last night I dreamed of peace", published worldwide by Random House, September 11, 2007.
Full text of The Diary of Dr. Dang Thuy Tram from The Vietnam Center site at Texas Tech University (scans of original Vietnamese text; English translation removed at request of family)
"Tram Diaries: Soldiers Preserve Writings of Vietnam War"
"War's cruel poetry moves search by 2 N.C. veterans" Charlotte Observer (Charlotte, North Carolina), October 6, 2005
"Vietcong Doctor's Diary of War, Sacrifice"
"Mother Reads Daughter's Vietnam Diaries... 35 Years Later" (October 6, 2005)
"The real stuff: what a Vietnamese army doctor saw" (September 22, 2005)
"A daughter returns home — through her diaries" (October 12, 2005)
"Best-selling diary transformed into television show" (August 15, 2005)
"Diarist's mother visits US, holds daughter's manuscript" (October 7, 2005)
"The Diary of Dr Tram" (February 13, 2006)
"Day to Day Among the Viet Cong" (August 4, 2006)
Video
Dang Thuy Tram video from Texas Tech University
References
Vietnamese diarists
Vietnamese military doctors
1943 births
1970 deaths
People from Huế
Women in the Vietnam War
Vietnamese people of the Vietnam War
Women diarists
20th-century Vietnamese physicians
Vietnamese women physicians
Vietnam War casualties
20th-century diarists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%90%E1%BA%B7ng%20Th%C3%B9y%20Tr%C3%A2m |
Tychoplankton (Greek, "tycho", accident, chance) are organisms, such as free-living or attached benthic organisms and other non-planktonic organisms, that are carried into the plankton through a disturbance of their benthic habitat, or by winds and currents. This can occur by direct turbulence or by disruption of the substrate and subsequent entrainment in the water column. Tychoplankton are, therefore, a primary subdivision for sorting planktonic organisms by duration of lifecycle spent in the plankton, as neither their entire lives nor particular reproductive portions are confined to planktonic existence.
They are also known as accidental plankton or pseudo-plankton (compare: pseudoplankton), although "pseudoplankton" also defines organisms that do not themselves float but, rather, are attached to other organisms that float.
See also
Pseudoplankton
References
Planktology | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tychoplankton |
Monklands (Bad nam Manach in Scottish Gaelic) was, between 1975 and 1996, one of nineteen local government districts in the Strathclyde region of Scotland.
History
The district was created in 1975 under the Local Government (Scotland) Act 1973, which established a two-tier structure of local government across mainland Scotland comprising upper-tier regions and lower-tier districts. Monklands was one of nineteen districts created within the region of Strathclyde. The district covered parts of four former districts from the historic county of Lanarkshire, all of which were abolished at the same time:
Airdrie Burgh
Coatbridge Burgh
Seventh District (Shottskirk electoral division, rest went to Motherwell)
Ninth District (Old Monkland and New Monkland electoral divisions, rest split between Glasgow and Strathkelvin)
The name of "Monklands" originated in the grant of lands in the area to the monks of the Cistercian Abbey of Newbattle, Midlothian in 1162. From the seventeenth century the area was formed into the two parishes of New Monkland and Old Monkland.
Apart from the two burghs of Airdrie and Coatbridge, the area included the following settlements:
Bargeddie
Calderbank
Caldercruix
Chapelhall
Glenboig
Glenmavis
Greengairs
Plains
Salsburgh
The district was abolished in 1996 under the Local Government etc. (Scotland) Act 1994 which replaced regions and districts with unitary council areas. North Lanarkshire council area was formed covering the abolished districts of Monklands, Motherwell, Cumbernauld and Kilsyth, and the Chryston area of Strathkelvin district.
The area is still informally referred to as Monklands. The hospital in Airdrie is University Hospital Monklands (previously Monklands District General Hospital), and football matches between the two senior teams in the area, Airdrieonians and Albion Rovers, are often referred to as Monklands Derbies.
Political control
The first election to the district council was held in 1974, initially operating as a shadow authority alongside the outgoing authorities until it came into its powers on 16 May 1975. Throughout the council's existence the Labour party held a majority of the seats:
Premises
The district council's headquarters were at Coatbridge Municipal Buildings at the corner of Dunbeth Street and Kildonan Street in Coatbridge, the largest town. The building had been built in 1894 as Coatbridge Town Hall. After the council's abolition the building served as additional offices for North Lanarkshire Council, which based itself instead at Motherwell Civic Centre.
See also
1992 Monklands District Council election
Monklandsgate
Subdivisions of Scotland
References
External links
New or East Monkland from A Topographical Dictionary of Scotland (1846), (British History Online)
Old Monkland from A Topographical Dictionary of Scotland (1846), (British History Online)
Airdrie Museum
Districts of Scotland
Coatbridge
Airdrie, North Lanarkshire
Politics of North Lanarkshire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monklands%20%28district%29 |
The dangubica or samica is a small Serbian and Croatian stringed instrument, having either two single or two double strings, a long, fretted neck, and a pear-shaped body. One string (or pair or strings) is used to play the melody, while the second plays a continuous note, known as the drone. Loosely translated, the word danguba means "to lose the day," referring to the instrument's origins among shepherds, who usually played alone as a way to pass the time. This also helps to explain the fact that tuning of the dangubica is widely varied.
It is related to the Turkish saz and tamburitza orchestra instruments.
References
Necked bowl lutes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dangubica |
"The Carpet" is the fourteenth episode of the second season of the American comedy television series The Office and the show's twentieth episode overall. It was written by Paul Lieberstein and directed by Victor Nelli, Jr. The episode first aired on January 26, 2006 on NBC. The episode guest stars Ken Howard as Ed Truck, and David Koechner as Todd Packer.
The series depicts the everyday lives of office employees in the Scranton, Pennsylvania branch of the fictional Dunder Mifflin Paper Company. In this episode, a disgusting "thing" – implied to be human feces – is left in Michael Scott's (Steve Carell) office, and Michael tries to discover who did it. While his carpet is being replaced, he uses Jim Halpert's (John Krasinski) desk, forcing Jim to move away from Pam Beesly (Jenna Fischer) into the annex.
"The Carpet" is the first and only episode to feature Howard as Truck. However, the death of the character would serve as the main plot for the third season episode "Grief Counseling". The episode received largely positive reviews from television critics. Upon its original broadcast, "The Carpet" earned a Nielsen rating of 4.6 in the 18–49 demographic, being viewed by 8.6 million viewers. At the time of its release, it was the second most-downloaded episode of a television show on the iTunes store.
Synopsis
When someone leaves a disgusting substance on the carpet in Michael Scott's (Steve Carell) office, he spends the day at Jim Halpert's (John Krasinski) desk, relegating Jim to the back room (referred to as the "Annex") to suffer Kelly Kapoor's (Mindy Kaling) constant chattering. She asks Jim to hook her up with Ryan Howard (B. J. Novak). Jim continues to yearn for Pam Beesly (Jenna Fischer), but her groom-to-be, Roy Anderson (David Denman), is in the office replacing the carpet along with Darryl Philbin (Craig Robinson), and Jim is unable to speak with her.
Michael becomes increasingly incensed at what happened to his office. Believing it to have been perpetrated by someone in the office, he begins to lose his faith in his employees. Michael tries talking to his former boss Ed Truck (Ken Howard), who tells him that he does not need to have his employees be his friends. But Michael's mood changes drastically when he finds out the prank was carried out by his obnoxious friend Todd Packer (David Koechner). Michael instantly finds the joke hilarious, and his faith in his friends is restored. At the end of the day, Jim is cheered up when he finds that all seven of his voicemail messages were left by Pam throughout the day. Jim is seen driving home, and Pam's voicemails act as a voice-over, closing out the episode.
Production
"The Carpet" was written by Paul Lieberstein, who portrays Toby Flenderson on the series, making it his third writing credit after the first season entry "Health Care" and the second-season episode "The Client". The episode was directed by Victor Nelli, Jr. The episode is the first and only to feature Howard as Ed Truck. However, the death of the character would serve as the main plot for the third season episode "Grief Counseling". Actress Kate Flannery later revealed that, for the old 1980s picture of Michael and Ed, Carell had to wear a mullet wig.
Before the episode aired, the cast and crew received news that the show would be renewed for a third season. Jenna Fischer (Pam) noted that "It is rare in this business to hear news of a pickup so early", but that NBC was very pleased with how well the show was doing. It had previously, and erroneously, been advertised that the show would finish its run at the end of March 2006. Fischer explained that while the season would end – actually in May – the show would continue.
The exact nature of the substance that is deposited on Michael's carpet is never made clear. Fischer only described it as "soft [...] smelly [and] brown". In fact, the circumstance in which the substance is viewed by the camera is still ambiguous; Television Without Pity reviewer M. Giant noted that the viewer only gets "the merest out-of-focus Blair Witch glimpse" of the substance. Fischer also noted that one of the more interesting aspects of the episode was the "you [the audience] finally see Pam and Roy getting along". She explained that this was because Roy and Pam returned from "a romantic vacation in the Poconos".
Deleted scenes include: Dwight Schrute (Rainn Wilson) believing that a higher power brought Michael to his desk, Angela Martin (Angela Kinsey) and Kevin Malone (Brian Baumgartner) speculating on the culprit, Jim unable to handle Kelly's chattering, Jim eating lunch by himself in his car, Michael being unable to complete a sale, Michael stealing a crumpet from Dwight, Dwight and Angela having a secret conversation in the kitchen, and Jim asking Toby Flenderson (Lieberstein) how he handled Kelly's loquaciousness.
Cultural references
Michael compares that the circumstances of the episode to the components for an audition tape for Fear Factor, an American sports dare reality game show. Michael later bothers Stanley Hudson (Leslie David Baker) with an impression of the Popeye cartoon character J. Wellington Wimpy. Dwight makes repeated calls to WEZX Rock 107, a Scranton radio station that plays classic rock. Michael snidely compares Darryl and Roy's work to Extreme Makeover: Home Edition, an American reality television series providing home improvements for less fortunate families and community schools.
Reception
Ratings
"The Carpet" originally aired on NBC on January 26, 2006. The episode received a 4.6 rating/11 percent share among adults between the ages of 18 and 49. This means that it was seen by 4.6 percent of all 18- to 49-year-olds, and 11 percent of all 18- to 49-year-olds watching television at the time of the broadcast. "The Carpet" was viewed by 8.6 million viewers. The episode retained 93 percent of its lead-in My Name is Earl audience.
Critical reception
Critical reception to the episode was largely positive. M. Giant of Television Without Pity awarded the episode an "A–". Brendan Babish of DVD Verdict gave the episode a largely positive review and awarded it an "A–". He called it "another solid episode" and praised the "guest appearance by Ken Howard of The White Shadow fame". After the episode aired, several newspapers, including the Los Angeles Times and The Journal Gazette reported on the episode's success, as well as others in the season, in building the show's audience. Furthermore, the episode was particularly popular with fans of the series, especially college students. After the episode aired, it was made available on the iTunes online digital store, where, for a time, it was the second most-downloaded episode of a television show.
References
External links
"The Carpet" at NBC.com
2006 American television episodes
The Office (American season 2) episodes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Carpet%20%28The%20Office%29 |
Cogan syndrome (also Cogan's syndrome) is a rare disorder characterized by recurrent inflammation of the front of the eye (the cornea) and often fever, fatigue, and weight loss, episodes of vertigo (dizziness), tinnitus (ringing in the ears) and hearing loss. It can lead to deafness or blindness if untreated. The classic form of the disease was first described by D. G. Cogan in 1945.
Signs and symptoms
Cogan syndrome is a rare, rheumatic disease characterized by inflammation of the ears and eyes. Cogan syndrome can lead to vision difficulty, hearing loss and dizziness. The condition may also be associated with blood-vessel inflammation (called vasculitis) in other areas of the body that can cause major organ damage in 15% of those affected or, in a small number of cases, even death. It most commonly occurs in a person's 20s or 30s. The cause is not known. However, one theory is that it is an autoimmune disorder in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks tissue in the eye and ear.
Causes
It is currently thought that Cogan syndrome is an autoimmune disease. The inflammation in the eye and ear are due to the patient's own immune system producing antibodies that attack the inner ear and eye tissue. Autoantibodies can be demonstrated in the blood of some patients, and these antibodies have been shown to attack inner ear tissue in laboratory studies. Infection with the bacteria Chlamydia pneumoniae has been demonstrated in some patients prior to the development of Cogan syndrome, leading some researchers to hypothesize that the autoimmune disease may be initiated by the infection. C. pneumoniae is a common cause of mild pneumonia, and the vast majority of patients who are infected with the bacteria do not develop Cogan syndrome.
Diagnosis
While the white blood cell count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate, and C-reactive protein tests may be abnormal and there may be abnormally high levels of platelets in the blood or too few red blood cells in the blood, none of these findings is a reliable indicator of the disease. A slit-lamp examination is essential. Recent work has suggested that high-resolution MRI and antibodies to inner ear antigens may be helpful. Cogan syndrome can occur in children, and is particularly difficult
to recognize in that situation.
Treatment
For more severe disease, oral corticosteroids may be necessary to reduce the inflammatory response. When large amounts of steroids are required or if the disease is severe and is not responding to steroid therapy, other immunosuppressive medications often are recommended. These immunosuppressive drugs include methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, cyclosporine or azathioprine. In some cases, combinations of these medicines are prescribed. Occasionally, if the disease has damaged blood vessels in the ear, cochlear implantation may be used to restore some sense of hearing.
Cinnarizine is mainly used to treat nausea and vomiting associated with motion sickness, vertigo, Ménière's disease, or Cogan syndrome. Studies have shown it to produce significant improvement in hearing loss in some patients.
History
In 1945, the ophthalmologist David Glendenning Cogan (1908–1993) first described the "nonsyphilitic interstitial keratitis and vestibuloauditory symptoms" that would later bear his name. In 1963, the atypical form of Cogan syndrome, also known as "Logan Syndrome" was first described.
References
Further reading
External links
Eye diseases
Deafness
Syndromes affecting the cornea
Syndromes affecting hearing
Rare syndromes
Autoimmune diseases | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cogan%20syndrome |
They Chose Freedom () is a four-part TV documentary on the history of political dissent in the USSR from the 1950s to the 1990s. It was produced in 2005 by Vladimir Kara-Murza.
The documentary tells the story of the Soviet dissident movement from its emergence in the late 1950s with the weekly public Mayakovsky Square poetry readings in Moscow. The development of samizdat, opposition demonstrations held in Moscow such as the 1965 Glasnost meeting and 1968 Red Square demonstration, and the harsh repressions unleashed by Soviet authorities against dissenters including forced psychiatric "treatment", prison camps and deportations, are all part of the film's narrative.
The third episode deals with events leading to the collapse of Soviet dictatorship and the democratic revolution of August 1991. The final episode is dedicated to the period after 1991; in it former dissidents discuss why the emergence of democracy in Russia proved to be short-lived, and how it was possible that a former KGB officer, Vladimir Putin, was elected to the Russian presidency.
"They Chose Freedom" is narrated primarily through the interviews of dissidents themselves. The film's participants are Vladimir Bukovsky, Elena Bonner, Sergei Kovalev, Alexander Yessenin-Volpin, Anatoly Sharansky, Yuri Fyodorovich Orlov, Alexander Podrabinek, Eduard Kuznetsov, Pavel Litvinov, Naum Korzhavin, Natalya Gorbanevskaya, Viktor Fainberg and Vladimir Dremlyuga.
According to director Vladimir Kara-Murza, the principal goal of his documentary was to show that even a small group of citizens that is prepared to defend dignity and freedom is eventually able to prevail over a totalitarian dictatorship.
They Chose Freedom was premiered on RTVi network in October 2005. The Russian premiere of the film was held at the Sakharov Center in Moscow in December 2005. In June 2006 the screening of They Chose Freedom was held at the Cinema House in Ekaterinburg.
In February 2007 They Chose Freedom was presented at a human rights seminar in Harvard University. On 11 February 2014, the Harriman Institute and Institute of Modern Russia presented the English-language version of They Chose Freedom.
References
External links
"Film on Soviet Dissidents Presented at Harvard University", SPS.ru, March 7, 2007 (in English)
"Documentary About Soviet Dissidents Released", Prima-News Agency, December 2, 2005 (in English)
Blog review of They Chose Freedom, December 3, 2005 (in English)
Interview with Vladimir Kara-Murza on "Radio Liberty", November 12, 2005 (in Russian)
See also
Parallels, Events, People
2005 television films
2005 films
2005 Russian television series debuts
2005 Russian television series endings
2000s Russian television series
Russian documentary television series
Russian documentary films
Documentary films about Russian politics
RTVI
Commemoration of communist crimes
Documentary films about human rights
2000s Russian-language films
Films about activists
Documentary films about the Soviet Union | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/They%20Chose%20Freedom |
The Philippine cobra (Naja philippinensis) also called Philippine spitting cobra or northern Philippine cobra, is a stocky, highly venomous species of spitting cobra native to the northern regions of the Philippines. The Philippine cobra is called in Tagalog, in Ilocano.
Taxonomy
Naja philippinensis was described by American herpetologist Edward Harrison Taylor in 1922. The generic name naja is a Latinisation of the Sanskrit word () meaning "cobra". The specific epithet philippinensis is Latin and literally means "from the Philippine Islands".
Description
The Philippine cobra is a stocky snake of medium length with long cervical ribs capable of expanding, so when threatened, a hood can be formed. The average length of this species is . The species can grow to lengths of However, subpopulations of the species, particularly specimens from Mindoro Island, are said to attain lengths of , but these are unconfirmed claims. If true, however, 2 m would be very rare and would be considered the absolute maximum for this species. The head is elliptical, depressed, slightly distinct from neck with a short, rounded snout and large nostrils. The eyes are moderate in size with dark brown and round pupils, typical of other cobra species and similar to other elapids in general. It has a fairly stocky build for an elapid, and adult snakes are uniformly light to medium brown, while the juveniles tend to be a darker brown in color. They have 23-27 scale rows around the neck and 21 just above the middle part of the body; 182-193 ventrals, 36-49 subcaudals, and basal pairs are sometimes undivided.
Scalation
There are 23-27 (usually 25) scale rows around neck, 21 (rarely 23) just ahead of mid-body; 182-193 ventrals, 36-49 subcaudals, basal pairs sometimes undivided.
Distribution and habitat
The Philippine cobra occurs mostly in the northern regions of the Philippines. They can be found on the islands of Luzon, Mindoro, Catanduanes, and Masbate. This species likely may occur in other neighboring islands, but this remains unconfirmed. Records from the Calamianes group and Palawan require confirmation.
The Philippine cobra's habitat include low-lying plains and forested regions, along with open fields, grasslands, dense jungle, agricultural fields, and human settlements. This species of cobra is particularly fond of water, so it can be found very close to ponds, rivers, or large puddles of water.
Diet
This species feeds predominantly on small mammals, frogs, and even other snakes. Small rodents such as mice and small rats are their preferred prey and make up the majority of their diets. However, they will also eat other sizable snakes, small lizards, frogs, eggs, and when the opportunity arises, small birds.
Predators
Predators of this species include humans, birds of prey, the king cobra, and the mongoose. Large rats that have been bitten by this snake and are in a position to fight back, often do so. Although rare, large rats have been known to fatally wound the snake by scratching, biting, or even poking one or both of the snake's eyes out. Of course, the rat ends up succumbing to the venom, but the snake will often sustain eye injury, potentially becoming blind, and severe bites to the snout region leave the snake vulnerable to infections and diseases.
Venom
Although venom toxicity values can vary greatly even among specimens of the same species, the Philippine cobra is considered to possess one of the more toxic venoms among the Naja (cobra) species. According to Tan et al., the murine via the IV route for this species is 0.18 mg/kg (0.11-0.3 mg/kg). Data on venom yield of 150 milked N. philippinensis specimens (69 males; 81 females) gave an overall average venom yield per cobra per extraction of 0.33 ml (wet) or 70.1 mg (dried).
The venom of the Philippine cobra is a potent postsynaptic neurotoxin which affects respiratory function and can cause neurotoxicity and respiratory paralysis, as the neurotoxins interrupt the transmission of nerve signals by binding to the neuromuscular junctions near the muscles. Research has shown its venom is purely a neurotoxin, with no apparent necrotizing components and no cardiotoxins. These snakes are capable of accurately spitting their venom at a target up to away. The symptoms of a bite might include headache, nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, diarrhea, dizziness, and difficulty breathing. Bites by the Philippine cobra produce prominent neurotoxicity with minimal to no local signs. A study of 39 patients envenomed by the Philippine cobra was conducted in 1988. Neurotoxicity occurred in 38 cases and was the predominant clinical feature. Complete Respiratory failure developed in 19 patients, and was often rapid in onset; in three cases, apnea occurred within just 30 minutes of the bite. There were two deaths, both in patients who were moribund upon arrival at the hospital. Three patients developed necrosis, and 14 individuals with systemic symptoms had no local swelling at all. Both cardiotoxicity and reliable nonspecific signs of envenoming were absent. Bites by the Philippine cobra produce a distinctive clinical picture characterized by severe neurotoxicity of rapid onset and minimal local tissue damage.
References
External links
U.S. Naval Medical Research
Naja philippinensis
"Naja philippinensis - Mario Lutz`s HerpaWorld Institute"
"Wolfgang Wüster's - Asiatic Cobra Page"
Lutz, M. (2006) Die Kobras des philippinischen Archipels - Teil I: Die Philippinen-Kobra, Naja philippinensis Taylor, 1922, Sauria, Berlin, 28 (3): 31-37
Naja
Reptiles of the Philippines
Endemic fauna of the Philippines
Fauna of Luzon
Fauna of Mindoro
Fauna of Marinduque
Fauna of Catanduanes
Reptiles described in 1922 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine%20cobra |
Seward High School can refer to:
Seward High School (Alaska) in Seward, Alaska
Seward High School (Nebraska) in Seward, Nebraska | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seward%20High%20School |
Notburga (c. 1265 – 13 September 1313), also known as Notburga of Rattenberg or Notburga of Eben, was an Austrian saint and peasant from Tyrol, Numerous vitae have been written about her and painted by her where she is depicted with a scythe. She is venerated by the Catholic Church, having been canonized by Pope Pius IX.
Life
Notburga was born about 1265 at Rattenberg on the Inn river. She was a cook in the household of Count Henry of Rattenberg, and used to give food to the poor. But Ottilia, her mistress, ordered her to feed any leftover food to the pigs. To continue her mission, Notburga began to save some of her own food, especially on Fridays, and took it to the poor.
According to her legend, one day her master met her and commanded her to show him what she was carrying. She obeyed but instead of the food he saw only shavings, and instead of wine, vinegar. As a result of Notburga's actions, Ottilia dismissed her, but soon fell dangerously ill. Notburga remained to nurse her and prepared her for death.
Next, Notburga worked for a peasant in Eben am Achensee, on the condition that she be permitted to go to church evenings before Sundays and festivals. One evening her master urged her to continue working in the field. Throwing her sickle into the air she supposedly said: "Let my sickle be judge between me and you," and the sickle remained suspended in the air.
In the meantime, Count Henry had suffered difficulties, which he ascribed to his dismissal of Notburga, so he rehired her and the estate prospered. Shortly before her death she is said to have told her master to place her corpse on a wagon drawn by two oxen and to bury her wherever the oxen stood still. The oxen drew the wagon to the chapel of St. Rupert near Eben, where she was buried.
Veneration
On 27 March 1862, Pope Pius IX canonized Notburga as a saint. Her feast is celebrated on 13 September. She is usually represented with an ear of corn, or flowers and a sickle in her hand; sometimes the sickle is suspended in the air.
References
External links
1265 births
1313 deaths
Austrian Roman Catholic saints
German Roman Catholic saints
History of Tyrol (region)
13th-century Christian saints
14th-century Christian saints
Christian female saints of the Middle Ages
13th-century people from the Holy Roman Empire
13th-century women from the Holy Roman Empire
14th-century people from the Holy Roman Empire
14th-century women from the Holy Roman Empire
Medieval Austrian saints
Medieval German saints
Female saints of medieval Germany
13th-century women farmers
13th-century farmers
14th-century women farmers
14th-century farmers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notburga |
Henderson was a manufacturer of 4-cylinder motorcycles from 1912 until 1931. They were the largest and fastest motorcycles of their time, and appealed to both sport riders and police departments. Police favored them for traffic patrol because they were faster than anything else on the roads. The company began during the golden age of motorcycling, and ended during the Great Depression.
Henderson Motorcycle Co.
The founders: William and Tom Henderson
In 1911 the American Henderson Motorcycle Co, 268 Jefferson Ave., Detroit, Michigan, was formed by William G. Henderson in partnership with his brother Tom W. Henderson. Will had the ideas and enthusiasm for motorcycling, and Tom had the better financial acumen. The brothers were inducted to the Motorcycle Hall of Fame in 1998.
1911 prototype
The Henderson brothers constructed a single prototype motorcycle during 1911. The prototype had the belt drive typical of the times, but this was changed to chain drive for production models.
1912 Henderson Four
Henderson Motorcycle promptly announced a new 57 cubic inch (934 cc) IOE four-cylinder 7 hp motorcycle, with the engine mounted inline with the frame and chain drive. Production began in 1911, using the in-line four-cylinder engine and long wheelbase that would become Henderson trademarks, and it was available to the public in January 1912. Advertisements boasted 7 HP and a price of $325.
It was the third four-cylinder production motorcycle built in the United States, and featured a folding hand-crank starter handle.
1913 Model B
Improvements included a better brake (singular), lower seating position, improved girder forks and a rectangular fuel tank, which replaced the previous cylindrical tank. It was in this year that Carl Stearns Clancy of New York returned from circling the globe on a 1912 Henderson, armed with many photographs to prove it.
Heath-Henderson B-4
The Heath-Henderson B-4 engine was a modified Henderson motorcycle engine produced for use in Heath Parasol aircraft.
1914 Model C
The 1914 Model C had a two-speed gearbox incorporated in the rear hub, as well as lighter pistons and adjustable seat springs. (The first Henderson to have gears.)
1915 Model D and E
Shortly after the Model D was announced, it was followed by a Model E, with the wheelbase reduced from 65 to 58 inches, a raised instep on the footboards and a two-speed rear hub. Prices ranged from $295 for the standard model and $335 for the two-speed model.
1916 Model F
The shorter wheelbase became the standard, and the engine now incorporated a cam gear driven "mechanical oiler", and a kick-start. Prices were dropped initially, but due to the impact of World War I on supplies of material and the costs of production, they were increased by $30, with the standard model costing $295 and the two-speed $325.
1917 Model G
The old splash lubrication was superseded by wet sump lubrication. A three-speed gearbox was now attached to the engine and incorporated a heavy-duty clutch. Sales soared and new dealerships were established.
Alan Bedell averaged 48 mph for 1154 miles at Ascot Park in California setting a new 24‑hour record, and then, on June 13, 1917, broke the transcontinental long-distance record of 1915 (set by "Cannonball" Baker on an Indian Twin,) when he rode his 1917 Henderson from Los Angeles to the city of New York (3,296 miles) in seven days, sixteen hours, and fifteen minutes. The roads outside of towns were primitive by today's standards, and the ride would have been more like an off-road ride than the highway tour of today. The Cannonball Baker Sea-to-Shining-Sea Memorial Trophy Dash was named in Baker's honor. Roy Artley also broke Baker's Canada to Mexico record by nearly nine hours, making the journey in just over seventy-two hours.
Despite record breaking and racing successes, the effects of World War I on sales had damaged their financial position.
Excelsior Motor Mfg. and Supply Co.
In 1917 the Hendersons sold the firm to Ignaz Schwinn, owner of Schwinn, the manufacturer of Schwinn bicycles and Excelsior motorbikes. Production was moved to Schwinn's Excelsior Motor Mfg. & Supply Co., 3701 Cortland Street, Chicago, Illinois.
Hendersons were marketed extensively overseas as well as in the United States during the Schwinn years. Today, there are almost as many extant Hendersons in Europe and Australia/New Zealand as in the United States. The Excelsior name had already been used in Germany and Britain, so export models were marketed as the "American-X".
When production resumed for the new Model H, the engine serial numbers began with a Z, instead of the older H.
1918 Model H
Engine: inline IOE
Cylinders: Four
Displacement: 67 cubic inches (1100 cc)
Bore & Stroke: 2.53 × 3.0 inches (64.3 × 77.7 mm)
Carburetor: Schebler
Ignition: Magneto
Transmission: 3-speed
Forks: Henderson spring fork
Brakes: Band, rear only
Tire size: 3.00 × 28 inches (7.62 × 71 cm) (front and rear)
Initially Bill and Tom Henderson worked in management at Excelsior (with Tom receiving twice the pay of Bill), but Tom soon left, early in 1919, to become a Henderson exporter.
1919 Model Z and Z-2
The 1919 Model Z included a GE generator on the Z 2 "electric" model. The 70 cubic inch (1147 cc) 4-cylinder developed 14.2 H.P. This model had a new Henderson logo which included the red Excelsior "X".
Arthur O. Lemon
In 1915 Arthur O. Lemon had joined Henderson as a salesman, and was employed in the Excelsior Engineering Department after the sale of Henderson. Lemon designed an updated motor for the 1920 Model K. Bill Henderson and Arthur Lemon had worked closely together in the past, but Bill didn't like Lemon's changes toward heavier motorcycles. He left in 1920, before the Model K came into production, to form the Ace Motor Corporation, where he would make the lighter, faster motorcycles he had envisioned. Arthur Lemon was then put in charge of engineering for Excelsior and Henderson.
1920 Model K
The Model K weighed more, produced more power, and was more durable and reliable than its predecessors. The 79.4 cubic inch (1301 cc) side-valve engine, with 2.6875 inch (68.3 mm) bore, and 3.5 inch (88.9 mm) stroke, was rated at 18 hp (28 bhp). The K had a top speed of 80 mph (128 km/h).
The Henderson Model K was the first motorcycle to use full pressure engine lubrication. It was also the first motorcycle to offer an optional reverse gear (for use with sidecars).
The frame had steel forgings on every joint. Forks and handlebars were the same as the Series 20 Excelsior. Among its several advanced features were electric lighting and a fully enclosed chain.
The K continued on sale to 1922, with sales increasing despite the post World War I depression. Increasingly, Henderson motorcycles were being used by law enforcement agencies, and their reputation continued to improve, with durability and distance records often falling to them.
1922 DeLuxe
In 1922 the 28 hp (at 3400 rpm) DeLuxe was released. Improvements included a larger, more efficient carburetor, improved intake manifold and rear brakes; redesigned crankshaft, cylinder head cooling, exhaust system and seat. There were also optional Lynite die-cast alloy pistons and a revised reverse gear.
The heavier Police Department version was demonstrated first to the Chicago Police, and achieved 98 mph. When it was demonstrated to the San Diego Police a genuine 100 mph was achieved. Harley-Davidson decided to challenge Henderson to a contest that was held at Dundee Road, Chicago, in April 1922.
The Harley won the first heat, but lost the other eleven, with the Henderson exceeding 100 mph. This was a shining hour for Henderson.
Between May 30 and 31, 1922, Wells Bennet and his Henderson Deluxe set a new 24‑hour endurance record (including all the intermediate records) at the Tacoma Speedway, Washington, clocking up 1562.54 miles averaging 65.1 mph. This record was not beaten until 1933, by a Peugeot with a team of four. The solo record was not bettered until 1937 when Fred Ham's 61 cubic inch Harley averaged 76 mph.
On December 11, 1922, William Henderson was killed in a motor accident testing his new Ace. In 1923 Arthur O. Lemon left Excelsior to become chief engineer for Ace.
1925 DeLuxe
The frame was redesigned with a downward slope to the rear for a lower centre of gravity. This enabled the fitting of a shorter, wider, 4 United States gallon (15 litre) fuel tank. Three ring alloy pistons were now standard, the cylinders and camshaft were changed, low and reverse gear ratios were altered and it was fitted with larger 3.85 inch tyres.
1927 DeLuxe
The 1927 DeLuxe featured machined and polished "Ricardo" cylinder-heads and developed 35 hp at 3,800 rpm. The clutch was strengthened with two extra plates. There was a new tank top instrument cluster, featuring speedometer, ammeter, oil pressure gauge and a headlight switch. There were new valve spring covers and an updated Zenith carburetor.
On January 27, 1927, the Indian Motorcycle Company purchased the Ace Motor Corporation. Arthur Lemon moved to Indian, where the Ace was to become the Indian Four.
1928 The Last DeLuxe
The 1928 DeLuxe engine had higher compression, and hardened, polished steel valve guides. The front end was changed to leading link forks and a front brake was added. The wheels were also changed to drop center rims (may have happened mid year).
Arthur Constantine
In June 1928, Schwinn approached Arthur Constantine from Harley-Davidson, to become Chief Engineer. Constantine looked at the existing model, and embarked on a redesign.
1929 Henderson Streamline Model
The Streamline model, commonly called the "KJ", appeared in 1929, and featured improved cooling and a return to the IOE (inlet over exhaust) valve configuration, gave 40 bhp @ 4000 rpm. It had a five main bearing crankshaft, and down draft carburetion. Advertisements boasted of "57 New Features".
The Streamline was fast - capable of a genuine 100 mph (160 km/h), and advanced for its time, with such features as leading-link forks and an illuminated speedometer built into the fuel tank.
The Streamline model was produced from 1929 until 1931, and sold for $435.
On Black Tuesday, October 29, 1929, the Wall Street stock market crashed, but Henderson sales remained strong, and business continued. At this point Excelsior Motor Mfg. & Supply Co. was one of America's "Big Three" of motorcycle production, alongside Harley-Davidson and Indian.
1930 Henderson "Special" KL
On April 29, 1930, the new Henderson "Special" KL solo was demonstrated on a new, smooth concrete Illinois highway. Joe Petrali achieved 116.12 mph and 109.09 mph on two recorded runs, averaging 112.61. The higher compression two-ring pistons, and an enlarged 1.25 inch (32 mm) carburetor, meant the KL engine produced 45 hp at 4,500 rpm. The KL was remarkably flexible in top gear, pulling smoothly from 8 to 110 mph. They were even more popular with police departments in the United States.
The "Special" (KL) model was priced $30 more than the regular KJ model, and was available in 1930 and 1931.
An unusual end
The summer of 1931 saw Schwinn call his department heads together for a meeting at Excelsior. He bluntly told them, with no prior indication, "Gentlemen, today we stop." Schwinn felt that the Depression could easily continue for eight years, and even worsen. Despite the full order book, he had chosen to pare back his business commitments to the core business, bicycle manufacture. By September 1931 it was all over.
Revival
In 1993, Dan Hanlon secured the rights to the Excelsior-Henderson trademarks and founded the Excelsior-Henderson Motorcycle Company in Belle Plaine, Minnesota. The company designed and built nearly 2000 Super-X motorcycles, powered by a 1386 cc v-twin engine between 1998 and 2000, before the company succumbed to the financial turmoil in the marketplace.
Barnard cyclecar
The Barnard cyclecar, manufactured in London by the St Mark's Engineering Co in 1921–22, used a 1169cc Henderson engine, which was possibly procured as surplus equipment after the end of World War 1.
See also
List of motorcycle manufacturers
List of motorcycles of the 1910s
List of motorcycles of the 1920s
References
External links
Henderson Motorcycle maintained by Michael de Whalley
Henderson Streamline Models - KJ and KL maintained by Dave Hennessey
1926 Henderson De-Luxe
1931 Henderson KJ (Jay Leno's garage)
Defunct manufacturing companies based in Detroit
Motorcycle manufacturers of the United States
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1911 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henderson%20Motorcycle |
Shelton High School may refer to:
Shelton High School (Washington) in Shelton, Washington
Shelton High School (Connecticut) in Shelton, Connecticut | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shelton%20High%20School |
KTSC may refer to:
KTSC-FM, a radio station (89.5 FM) licensed to Pueblo, Colorado, United States
KTSC (TV), a television station (channel 26) licensed to Pueblo, Colorado, United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KTSC |
"Boys and Girls" is the fifteenth episode of the second season of the American comedy television series The Office and the show's twenty-first episode overall. It was written by B. J. Novak and directed by Dennie Gordon and first aired on February 2, 2006, on NBC. The episode guest stars Melora Hardin as Jan Levinson, Craig Robinson as Darryl Philbin, and Patrice O'Neal as Lonny.
The series depicts the everyday lives of office employees in the Scranton, Pennsylvania branch of the fictional Dunder Mifflin Paper Company. In this episode, Michael Scott (Steve Carell) becomes frustrated when he is not allowed to listen in on a "women in the workplace" seminar that Jan is conducting, so he conducts his own "men in the workplace" seminar in the warehouse, where talk of a warehouse union emerges. Meanwhile, Pam Beesly (Jenna Fischer) considers graphic design.
The genesis for the episode came from an idea cast members Angela Kinsey and Fischer had while spending time together on the set of the series. During the filming, Carell and the warehouse men were filmed on one set and Fischer and the office women filmed on another. The episode was viewed by 9.21 million viewers. "Boys and Girls" received largely positive reviews from critics.
Plot
Jan Levinson (Melora Hardin) leads the female Dunder Mifflin employees in a "women in the workplace" seminar. Miffed at being excluded, Michael Scott (Steve Carell) conducts a competing “men in the workplace” seminar in the warehouse. Roy Anderson (David Denman) approaches Jim Halpert (John Krasinski) under the belief that Jim used to like Pam, assuring Jim that he is not mad since Jim apparently liked Pam a long time ago. Darryl Philbin (Craig Robinson) and his equally irritated crew are forced to participate in Michael's shenanigans, which culminates in Michael trying to drive a forklift, and knocking down several shelves.
Michael's recklessness makes a complete mess of the warehouse while jeopardizing the employees' safety. Michael's plan to hold his own seminar backfires when the 'gripe session' inspires the warehouse workers to form a union. A vacillating Michael informs Jan, who threatens to retaliate by closing the Scranton branch.
Jan urges Pam to take a corporate training program in graphic design in New York City when Pam reveals that she wants to be a graphic designer, but Roy quashes the idea. Jim rebukes Pam for listening to Roy when he is clearly wrong and acting selfish, which creates tension between them. Pam then tells the camera she is happy with her life now, and that they do not even make her dream house in Scranton, but then breaks down and cries in front of the camera. As the day comes to a close, Michael leaves the warehouse in complete disarray, and Darryl promises that “this isn't over.”
Production
"Boys and Girls" was directed by Dennie Gordon; it was written by B. J. Novak, who plays Ryan Howard on the show. The genesis for the episode came from cast members Angela Kinsey and Jenna Fischer. The two originally formulated the premise while spending time together on the set of The Office: "What if Jan came into the office and did a 'Women in the Workplace' seminar, and Michael got all jealous?" They presented their concept to executive producer Greg Daniels, who liked the idea. Daniels subsequently assigned the idea to Novak, who crafted the final episode. Pam's monologue on reading about a girl who lived in a house with a terrace was based on a real book from the Choose Your Own Adventure series (although not specifically identified as such in the episode) that Fischer had read when she was a child. When the show's cast and crew appeared at the Paley Center, Fischer related that Novak asked her if she had any personal stories that could relate to what Pam was feeling at the time the episode was being written. She then came up with the storybook idea, which was immediately written and filmed for the episode.
Fischer later called the episode "both the most masculine and most feminine episode of The Office yet". This is largely because, during the filming, the different sections were shot separately: Carell and the warehouse filmed on one set and Fischer and the office women filmed on another. The women of The Office later said that "it was great" to spend time with each other. Fischer later claimed that the women spent a large part of the filming time talking and "behav[ing] like seventh-graders."
The Season Two DVD contains a number of deleted scenes from this episode. Notable cut scenes include Michael asking Pam and Jim for help choosing a ringtone, Roy and Dwight talking about guns, Dwight shooting his spud gun, and Dwight agrees that "there's no place like home".
Cultural references
Michael compares modern working women to Ally McBeal, the titular lead of the American legal comedy-drama television series of the same name. Dwight compares venturing into the warehouse to the television series Lost, specifically when the characters in Lost meet the mysterious "Others". When Michael is sitting with his shirt unbuttoned, one of the warehouse workers calls him "Hasselhoff", a reference to actor David Hasselhoff. Kelly baits Jan by feigning ignorance about the various baseball metaphors for sex. The blow-up doll with Michael's face on it is a reference to the earlier second season episode "Sexual Harassment".
Reception
"Boys and Girls" originally aired on NBC in the United States on February 2, 2006. The installment was viewed by 9.21 million viewers.
"Boys and Girls received largely positive reviews from television critics. Michael Sciannamea of AOLTV called it "another brilliant episode", noting that Carell was "at his obnoxious and comedic best". He also complimented the maturation of Jim and Pam's relationship, writing that it "seems like it's coming to a cliffhanger in the next few weeks". M. Giant of Television Without Pity gave the episode a positive review and awarded it an "A−". Brendan Babish of DVD Verdict awarded the episode a "B" and called it "a solid but uneventful" outing for the show.
Elements of "Boys and Girls" have been analyzed in a legal context. Jan's threat to have the warehouse closed if the employees unionize is unlawful under the National Labor Relations Act of 1935. American Rights at Work analyzed the episode and noted that "the show served up the hard truth about how far employers will go to stop their employees from forming a union."
References
External links
"Boys and Girls" at NBC.com
The Office (American season 2) episodes
2006 American television episodes
Works about labor | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boys%20and%20Girls%20%28The%20Office%29 |
Georgia Scorcher, or simply Scorcher, is a stand-up roller coaster located at Six Flags Over Georgia located in Austell, Georgia, United States. Manufactured by Bolliger & Mabillard, Georgia Scorcher opened on May 8, 1999, and was the last stand-up coaster installation ever built for almost 24 years until 2023 when Sea World Orlando opened Pipeline the Surf Coaster. Georgia Scorcher is tall and reaches a maximum speed of . The attraction was marketed with the tagline, "Put your feet to the fire."
History
Georgia Scorcher is the third attraction to occupy this location in the Georgia section of the park. It replaced the Ragin' Rivers "wet-dry" raft slide tower that was added for the 1991 season, which itself replaced one of the two Log Jamboree log flumes.
Unlike Mantis, Chang and The Riddler's Revenge, which opened at Cedar Point in 1996, Six Flags Kentucky Kingdom in 1997 and Six Flags Magic Mountain in 1998 respectively, Georgia Scorcher did not continue the trend of the world's tallest and fastest stand-up roller coasters. Its layout is more modest, in fitting with the long, narrow site selected for it.
On November 10, 1998, Six Flags Over Georgia announced that they would be building a new stand-up roller coaster. It would be named Georgia Scorcher and was scheduled to open for 1999 season.
Georgia Scorcher would open to guests in May 1999.
The track was originally painted yellow with purple supports. For the 2019 season, the track was repainted cherry red with dark grey supports.
Track layout
Georgia Scorcher departs the station and climbs its lift hill, then drops down a 101 ft drop. Then the roller coaster enters its vertical loop. It then climbs to the right, circling back towards the station before diving sharply down to the left, entering a non-inverting inclined loop that threads through the center of the vertical loop. After exiting the element, the roller coaster then climbs a small hill and is twisted over on its right side, twisting back as it enters its second inversion, a corkscrew.
The roller coaster climbs up to the left, crossing over the start of the lift hill, before diving down and performing a ground-level 270-degree helix turn, crossing itself again as it rises one final time to enter the brake run, returning to the station via a U-turn to the left.
References
External links
Roller coasters introduced in 1999
Roller coasters in Georgia (U.S. state)
Roller coasters operated by Six Flags
Six Flags Over Georgia
Stand-up roller coasters manufactured by Bolliger & Mabillard | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgia%20Scorcher |
Stick It is a 2006 American teen comedy-drama film starring Jeff Bridges, Missy Peregrym and Vanessa Lengies written and directed by Bring It On writer Jessica Bendinger; the film marks her directorial debut. It was produced by Touchstone Pictures and Spyglass Entertainment and was released in theatres on April 28, 2006.
Plot
Haley Graham (Peregrym) is a rebellious 17-year-old who has a run-in with the law when she and two friends go biking through a residential construction site in Plano, Texas. Haley is arrested and forced by a judge to return to the regimented world of competitive gymnastics.
Haley was once considered one of the most talented gymnasts in the U.S. One year earlier, she made it to the World Championships, but she walked out of competition in the middle of the finals, costing the American team the gold medal and leaving many people hurt and crushed, making her one of the most hated people in gymnastics, if not the most hated.
Haley goes to the elite Vickerman Gymnastics Academy (VGA) in Houston, her ultimate nightmare, run by legendary coach Burt Vickerman (Bridges). Haley has a talk with Coach Vickerman, who convinces her to take up the sport once again, at least until she can enter an upcoming invitational competition. Vickerman convinces her that she can use the prize money from the competition to repay some property damage debts she still owes and leave gymnastics once and for all. Disliking the sport's rigid rules and intense training schedule, Haley is reluctant to come out of retirement. Her attitude toward her fellow gymnasts—as well as her past—causes conflicts.
At the invitational, Haley's talent shines and her return from gymnastics retirement seems for the better. But all is not what it seems in the scoring system. She starts to remember one of the many reasons why she retired to begin with: the flaws in judging. The panels do not look at the difficulty of the move nor do they look at the technique; they merely take deductions for unimportant minor errors. As Haley says, "It doesn't matter how well you do. It's how well you follow their rules."
In addition, Haley is severely stressed by her domineering mother, Alice (Gia Carides), who has arrived to watch the meet. Her conduct at the World Championship ("Worlds") has not been forgotten by the other athletes and they treat her with open hostility. Haley finally breaks down in the middle of her balance beam routine and, in a repeat of the World Championships a year earlier, leaves the arena before completing the competition. However, before she leaves, she reveals to Vickerman the reason why she walked out of Worlds, singlehandedly costing the American team the gold medal in the process: she had just discovered that her mother was having an affair with her previous coach and her parents got divorced as a result.
Haley then goes back to the judge who sentenced her to the gymnastics academy to inform her that she has dropped out and wants to be sent to either a juvenile hall or military academy, but the judge tells Haley that someone (obviously Vickerman) had just paid off all of her debt for the property damages in her incident with the law, meaning she is no longer under any legal issues and having jerks for parents doesn't need to ruin her life.
Haley then approaches Vickerman, who confirms it by claiming that he used the money that her father had paid him for her gymnastics training. Vickerman persuades Haley to remain with the academy a while longer so she can continue with her training to reach Nationals. Although she did not complete the invitational, Haley continues to train and, with three of her teammates Mina Hoyt (Maddy Curley), Wei Wei Yong (Nikki SooHoo) and Joanne Charis (Lengies), qualifies for the National Championships.
The biased judging leaves her far back in the all-around standings, but this does not keep her out of the event finals. In the first event final, vault, Mina executes an extremely difficult maneuver perfectly but receives a low score (9.5 out of 10). When Vickerman questions the judges, he learns that Mina was penalized on the technicality of showing a bra strap. Haley is next up. However, instead of vaulting, she shows her bra strap to the judges and forfeits her turn in disgust (otherwise known as a "scratch"). One by one, the other gymnasts follow suit, earning a string of zeroes and forcing the judges to award Mina the vault gold medal anyway.
Haley's bold action sparks a movement. The gymnasts talk among themselves and realize that if they could choose the winner, the judging would be fair. They convince all the others in the competition to do the same, choosing one person from each event who they, by consensus, deem the best to be the "winner".
The winner completes her routine; the others jump on and off the apparatus and scratch. It seems the movement will be ruined when Tricia Skilken (Tarah Paige), a longtime judges' favorite and Haley's former teammate and best friend, arrives and threatens the choice of winners by competing herself, but Tricia ends up joining the movement and scratches in the last event as well. What started out as a gymnastics competition turns into a small revolution for the rules and Haley, whose talents are recognized once more and her future seems to be set with numerous colleges offering her athletic scholarships to compete in NCAA gymnastics.
Cast
Jeff Bridges as Burt Vickerman
Missy Peregrym as Haley Graham
Vanessa Lengies as Joanne Charis
Jon Gries as Brice Graham
Gia Carides as Alice Graham
Julie Warner as Phyllis Charis
Annie Corley as Officer Ferguson
Polly Holliday as Judge Westreich
John Kapelos as Chris DeFrank
Kellan Lutz as Frank
Svetlana Efremova as Dorrie
John Patrick Amedori as Poot
Maddy Curley as Mina Hoyt
Nikki SooHoo as Wei Wei Yong
Lee Garlington as Head Vault Judge
Tarah Paige as Tricia Skilken
Andrea Bendewald as Madison's Mom
Doubles
Isabelle Severino – Missy Peregrym's gymnastics double (main)
Jessica Miyagi – Missy Peregrym's gymnastics double (beam routine – IG Classic)
Annie Gagnon – Vanessa Lengies's gymnastics double
Kate Stopper – Maddy Curley's gymnastics double
Tacia Van Vleet – Nikki SooHoo's gymnastics double
Cameos
Tim Daggett – Himself
Elfi Schlegel – Herself
Bart Conner – Himself
Carly Patterson – Herself
Nastia Liukin – Herself
Valeri Liukin – Himself (Nastia Liukin's spotter in her uneven bars routine)
Mohini Bhardwaj
Allana Slater
Yang Yun
Stephanie Moorhouse
Soundtrack
We Run This – Missy Elliott (Stick It Edit)
Abra Cadabra – Talib Kweli
Beware of the Boys – Panjabi MC (Mundian To Bach Ke)
Fire Fire – Fannypack/Mr. Vegas
Dance Commander – Electric Six
Game, The – Jurassic 5
If I Only Knew – Lisa Lavie
Breakdown – The Toques featuring Mark Foster
Nu Nu (Yeah Yeah) – Fannypack (Double J & Hayze Extended mix)
Crowded – Jeannie Ortega/Papoose
Anthem Part Two – Blink-182
Hittin' The Bars – Mike Simpson
Come Baby Come – K7
Outta My Way – Damone
Love Song – J.P. Amedori (Bonus Track)
The movie also features brief pieces of other songs, which were not included in the soundtrack, including Green Day's "Brain Stew" and "Holiday," My Morning Jacket's "One Big Holiday" and Fall Out Boy's "Our Lawyer Made Us Change The Name Of This Song So We Wouldn't Get Sued" and "I Slept With Someone in Fall Out Boy and All I Got Was this Stupid Song Written About Me."
Reception
Box office
Stick It was released on April 28, 2006 and grossed $10,803,610 in the opening weekend. The movie grossed $26,910,736 total in the domestic market and $5,066,112 internationally for a total of $31,976,848 after 13 weeks at the box office. The film had the highest per screen average on its opening weekend with 2,038 movie theaters, making an average of $5,301 per screen.
Critical response
On Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a score of 31%, based on 100 reviews, with an average rating of 5/10. The site's consensus states: "Director Jessica Bendinger is unable to transfer her winning Bring It On formula to the world of gymnastics, despite Missy Peregrym's strong lead performance." On Metacritic, it has a score of 52 out 100, based on reviews from 25 critics. Audiences surveyed by CinemaScore gave it a grade of B+. Critic Nathan Lee of The New York Times gave the film a positive review, stating, "A spry teenage comedy that gets everything right, Stick It takes the usual batch of underdogs, dirt bags, mean girls and bimbos and sends them somersaulting through happy clichés and unexpected invention." Roger Ebert gave the film 2 out of 4 and wrote: "The movie seems to fear that if it pauses long enough to actually be about gymnastics, the audience will grow restless."
See also
Make It or Break It, a television series that was inspired by this film
Code of Points (artistic gymnastics)
References
External links
2006 films
2006 comedy-drama films
2006 directorial debut films
2000s sports comedy-drama films
2000s teen comedy-drama films
American sports comedy-drama films
American teen comedy-drama films
2000s English-language films
Gymnastics films
Films about women's sports
Films set in Houston
Films shot in Los Angeles
Spyglass Entertainment films
Teen sports films
Touchstone Pictures films
2000s female buddy films
2000s American films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stick%20It |
A Tribute to Carl Albert is a live album by heavy metal band Vicious Rumors, released in 1995. This live album is a compilation of recordings done in 1994 during their European Tour and put together as a tribute to singer Carl Albert.
Tracks 1 through 14 were recorded live, while tracks 15-17 are previously unreleased studio tracks.
Track listing
"On the Edge"
"Abandoned"
"No Fate"
"Ministry of Fear"
"Digital Dictator"
"Against the Grain"
"The Voice"
"Hell Razor"
"Thunder and Rain Pt. 1"
"Thunder and Rain Pt. 2"
"Worlds and Machines"
"Thinking of You"
"Down to the Temple"
"Don't Wait for Me"
"My Machine"
"Put the Blame on Me"
"Indisintegration"
Personnel
Geoff Thorpe: Guitars
Mark McGee: Guitars
Carl Albert: Vocals
Tommy Sisco: Bass
Dave Starr: Bass (on My Machine, Put the Blame on Me and Indisintegration)
Larry Howe: Drums
Rationale
The details for the recording rationale is included into the album as follow:
Dedication
"This album is dedicated to the Best Singer & Friend in the World"
Carl Albert
1962–1995
References
1996 live albums
Vicious Rumors albums
Tribute albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A%20Tribute%20to%20Carl%20Albert |
Sidney High School may refer to:
Sidney High School (Iowa) in Sidney, Iowa
Sidney High School (Nebraska) in Sidney, Nebraska
Sidney High School (Montana) in Sidney, Montana
Sidney High School (New York) in Sidney, New York
Sidney High School (Texas) in Sidney, Texas
Sidney High School (Ohio) in Sidney, Ohio | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sidney%20High%20School |
The sopile (or roženice, as it is called in Istria) is an ancient traditional woodwind instrument of Croatia, similar to the oboe or shawm. It is used in the regions of Kvarner, Kastav, Vinodol, Island Krk, and Istria. Sopile are always played in pairs so there are great and small or thin and fat sopila. Sopile are musical instruments offering very interesting possibilities with a unique piercing sound. This is replicated in more modern examples of Kvarner music through use of modified double reed clarinet or soprano Dulzaina. Sopile are, by "mih" and "šurle," and today are very popular in the folk traditions of Istria, Kvarner and Island Krk.
Roženice are ancient traditional musical instruments which continue to be used today in the region of Istria. Roženice are very similar to sopile from Island Krk. Roženice are always played in pairs so there are great and small or thin and fat rozenica. Roženice have a very piercing special sound, and have the possibility of producing a variety of sounds. Roženice are, by "mih" and "šurle", today very popular in folk tradition of Istra.
The sopila is a wooden horn originating from Istria and some of the northern islands along the Adriatic Coast of Croatia. Like oboes, sopilas have double reeds, but are always played in pairs; one larger than the other. Both have six finger holes, being equally spaced on the smaller one, and set in groups of three on the larger one. Often used to accompany dancing, the voice of the sopila is that of the Istrian scale.
See also
Rhaita
Shawm
Suona
Zurna
Sources
Roženice (sopele, sopile, supiele, tororo)
Sopile
Sopile
Croatian musical instruments
Oboes
Istria | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sopila |
Carl Freedman (born 1965) is the founder of Carl Freedman Gallery (formerly Counter Gallery). He previously worked as a writer and a curator.
Life and career
The 1990s and the Young British Artists
Saatchi arrived at Gambler in a green Bentley and, according to Freedman, was immediately impressed by (and then bought) Hirst's first major "animal" installation, A Thousand Years, consisting of a large glass case containing maggots and flies feeding off a rotting cow's head. (The installation was later a notable feature of the Sensation exhibition.) At this early stage, Freedman was financing the production of Hirst's vitrines, and has commented that not many people attended these early shows, including Freeze.
In 1994, Freedman toured the US with Tracey Emin, driving in a Cadillac from San Francisco to New York, making stops en route where she gave readings from her autobiographical book Exploration of the Soul to finance the trip.
The couple also spent time by the sea in Whitstable together, using the beach-hut, which she uprooted and turned into art in 1999 with the title The Last Thing I Said to You is Don't Leave Me Here, and which was destroyed (along with her "tent") in the 2004 Momart warehouse fire.
In 1995, Freedman curated the show Minky Manky at the South London Gallery. At the time Emin was relatively unknown. Freedman, concerned that he would be accused of nepotism, challenged Emin to make a great work. The result was Emin's famous "tent" Everyone I have Ever Slept With 1963–1995, which was first exhibited in the show. Freedman's interview with her appears in the catalogue. Other featured artists were Sarah Lucas, Gary Hume, Damien Hirst, Mat Collishaw, Gilbert & George, Critical Décor and Stephen Pippin. Freedman said one of the show's themes was:
the artist as a subject, and (to) explore the relationship between the art on the wall and its creator, to make the whole thing more humanistic. And in there somewhere there is the beginnings of a thesis on the relationship and similarities between madness and modernism, for example, defiance of authority, nihilism, examples of extreme relativism, strange transformations of the self, irrationality, and things like that.
Carl Freedman Gallery
Carl Freedman Gallery London
In 2003, he opened Counter Gallery in Charlotte Road, Shoreditch, East London to sell original works. The opening show had works by Simon Martin, an art lecturer and YBA contemporary. In 2007, the gallery changed its name to Carl Freedman Gallery.
Carl Freedman Gallery Margate
Carl Freedman Gallery opened in Margate, Kent on Saturday 25 May 2019 with a major solo show of new work by British painter Billy Childish. After purchasing part of the old Thanet Press building in the centre of town, Carl Freedman's new HQ spans 10,000 square foot of a concrete 1960s commercial building. The site includes three exhibition spaces, an artist apartment and an upper floor dedicated to Freedman's print publishing business; Counter Editions.'This is a fantastic opportunity for us to present larger-scale solo presentations by our artists as well as more expansive curated shows. Margate is going through an amazing transformation, led by a growing art community, and we are excited to be a part of the future of the town's creative-led regeneration.' Carl Freedman.
See also
Young British Artists
References
External links
Carl Freedman Gallery
Counter Editions
1965 births
Living people
British curators
Art dealers from London
Place of birth missing (living people)
Date of birth missing (living people) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carl%20Freedman |
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