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French Ancien Régime Roman Catholic dioceses and ecclesiastical provinces were heirs of Late Roman civitates (themselves created out of Gaulish tribes) and provinces.
Historical sketch
Most of them were created during the first Christianization of Gaul, in the 3rd to 5th centuries.
But, at several occasions during the Middle Ages or the Ancien Régime, new dioceses were created, replacing older ones or carved out of them. For instance, the Albigensian Crusade entailed the creation of many new dioceses in the early 14th century. All the same, in 1789, on the eve of the French Revolution, the ecclesiastical map of France still very much recalled that of Roman Gaul. This explains why many dioceses and provinces did not coincide with French borders, with their head cities lying in present-day Belgium, Germany or Switzerland.
In 1790, this map was entirely revised to fit the new administrative map: dioceses were now to coincide with départements (the new administrative units). Ancien Régime dioceses all disappeared, then, in 1790. Many former bishoprics remained heads of the new dioceses, but many cities lost their bishop. Even so, in those cities, the former cathedral very often kept its rank as a cathedral church. This explains why many post-Revolutionary episcopal sees bear the name of several cities. For instance, in the département of the Drôme, only the city of Valence retained its bishop, the former episcopal sees of Die and Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux being suppressed, but the bishop retained the title of bishop of Valence, Die and Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux.
Here follows a list of Ancien Régime dioceses, as of 1789, on the eve of the Revolution. With the exception of those dioceses which were created in the Late Roman period (before the 6th century), whose date of creation generally cannot be established, we provide the date of creation and, when appropriated of suppression of the bishopric. Dioceses whose sees were not within the borders of the kingdom of France are in brackets.
Listing of dioceses by church province
Province of Aix (Narbonensis Secunda)
Archdiocese of Aix
Diocese of Apt
Diocese of Fréjus
Diocese of Gap
Diocese of Riez
Diocese of Sisteron
Province of Arles (Viennensis Secunda)
Archdiocese of Arles
Diocese of Marseille
Diocese of Orange
Diocese of Saint-Paul-Trois-Châteaux
Diocese of Toulon
out of which (1475):
Province of Avignon
Archdiocese of Avignon — became a metropolitan see in 1475.
Diocese of Carpentras
Diocese of Cavaillon
Diocese of Vaison
Province of Auch (Novempopulania)
Archdiocese of Auch — became head of the province between 7th and 9th century, following the demise of the former metropolitan see of Eauze
Diocese of Aire
Diocese of Bazas
Diocese of Dax, out of which:
Diocese of Bayonne — created late 8th century.
Diocese of Lectoure
Diocese of Lescar
Diocese of Oloron
Diocese of Saint-Bertrand-de-Comminges
Diocese of Saint-Lizier
Diocese of Tarbes
Province of Besançon (Maxima Sequanorum)
Archdiocese of Besançon
Diocese of Basel
Diocese of Belley — moved to Belley in 537 (former see in Nyon).
Diocese of Lausanne
Province of Bordeaux (Aquitania Secunda)
Archdiocese of Bordeaux
Diocese of Agen, out of which:
Diocese of Condom — Created 1317.
Diocese of Angoulême
Diocese of Périgueux, out of which:
Diocese of Sarlat — Created 1317.
Diocese of Poitiers, out of which:
Diocese of Luçon — Created 1317.
Diocese of La Rochelle — Created in 1317 with its see in Maillezais. Was moved to La Rochelle in 1648.
Diocese of Saintes
Province of Bourges (Aquitania Prima)
Archdiocese of Bourges
Diocese of Clermont, out of which:
Diocese of Saint-Flour — Created 1317.
Diocese of Limoges, out of which:
Diocese of Tulle — Created 1317.
Diocese of Le Puy
out of which (1678):
Province of Albi
Archdiocese of Albi — became a metropolitan see in 1678. Out of which:
Diocese of Castres — created 1317.
Diocese of Cahors
Diocese of Mende — moved to Mende in the 6th century (former see was in Javols).
Diocese of Rodez, out of which:
Diocese of Vabres — created 1317.
Province of Embrun (Alpes Maritimæ)
Archdiocese of Embrun
Diocese of Digne
Diocese of Entrevaux — Actually in the hamlet of Glandèves.
Diocese of Grasse — Moved to Grasse in 1244 (former see in Antibes. Belonged to the province of Aix-en-Provence down to 1057.
Diocese of Nice
Diocese of Senez
Diocese of Vence
Province of Genoa
(Province created in 1133: Northern Corsican sees belonged to this province)
Diocese of Mariana — The bishop resides in Bastia
Diocese of Nebbio — The bishop resides in Saint-Florent
Province of Lyon (Lugdunensis Prima)
Archdiocese of Lyon, out of which:
Diocese of Saint-Claude — Created 1742.
Diocese of Autun
Diocese of Langres, out of which:
Diocese of Dijon — Created 1731.
Diocese of Chalon-sur-Saône
Diocese of Mâcon
Province of Mainz (Germania Prima)
Diocese of Speyer
Diocese of Strasbourg
other dioceses wholly in Germany
Province of Narbonne (Narbonensis Prima)
Archdiocese of Narbonne, out of which:
Diocese of Alet — Created 1317.
Diocese of Carcassonne — Created late 6th century.
Diocese of Montpellier — Created late 6th century. Moved to Montpellier in 1536 (former see in Maguelonne).
Diocese of Perpignan — Created late 6th century. Moved to Perpignan in 1602 (former see in Elne).
Diocese of Saint-Pons — Created 1317.
Diocese of Agde
Diocese of Béziers
Diocese of Lodève
Diocese of Nîmes, out of which:
Diocese of Alès — Created 1694
Diocese of Uzès
out of which (1317):
Province of Toulouse
Archdiocese of Toulouse — Became a metropolitan see in 1317. Out of which:
Diocese of Lavaur — Created 1317
Diocese of Lombez — Created 1317
Diocese of Montauban — Created 1317
Diocese of Pamiers — Created 1295, out of which:
Diocese of Mirepoix — Created 1317
Diocese of Rieux — Created 1317
Diocese of Saint-Papoul — Created 1317
Province of Reims (Belgica Secunda)
Archdiocese of Reims, out of which
Diocese of Laon — Created late 5th century.
Diocese of Amiens
Diocese of Beauvais
Diocese of Châlons-en-Champagne
Diocese of Senlis
Diocese of Soissons
Diocese of Noyon
Diocese of Thérouanne — Suppressed 1553, out of which:
Diocese of Boulogne — Created 1567.
Diocese of Saint-Omer — Created 1559.
out of which (1559):
Province of Cambrai
Archdiocese of Cambrai — Became a metropolitan see in 1559.
Diocese of Arras
Diocese of Tournai
other dioceses in present-day Belgium, created in 1559.
Province of Mechelen/Malines
Province and diocese of Mechelen created in 1559.
Diocese of Ypres — Created 1559.
other dioceses in present-day Belgium and the Netherlands, created in 1559.
Province of Pisa
(Province created out of the Province of Rome in 1092: central and Southern Corsican sees belonged to this province)
Diocese of Ajaccio
Diocese of Aléria — The bishop resides in Cervione
Diocese of Sagone — The bishop resides in Vico
Province of Rouen (Lugdunensis Secunda)
Archdiocese of Rouen
Diocese of Avranches
Diocese of Bayeux
Diocese of Coutances
Diocese of Évreux
Diocese of Lisieux
Diocese of Sées
Province of Tours (Lugdunensis Tertia)
Archdiocese of Tours
Diocese of Angers
Diocese of Le Mans
Diocese of Nantes
Some dioceses of this province were part, in the 9th and 10th centuries, of an autonomous but
Short-lived Province of Dol
Diocese of Dol — Created 6th century, was an autonomous archbishopric for about 1½ centuries after the mid 9th century.
Diocese of Quimper — Created 6th century.
Diocese of Rennes — Out of which a short-lived diocese of Redon in the 15th century.
Diocese of Saint-Brieuc — Created 6th century.
Diocese of Saint-Malo — Moved to Saint-Malo in the 12th century (former see was in Alet).
Diocese of Saint-Pol-de-Léon — Created 6th century.
Diocese of Tréguier — Created 6th century.
Diocese of Vannes
Province of Sens (Lugdunensis Quarta)
Archdiocese of Sens
Diocese of Auxerre
Diocese of Nevers
Diocese of Troyes
out of which (1622):
Province of Paris
Archdiocese of Paris — Became a metropolitan see in 1622.
Diocese of Chartres, out of which:
Diocese of Blois — Created 1697.
Diocese of Meaux
Diocese of Orléans
Province of Tarentaise (Alpes Graiæ et Pœninæ)
Archdiocese of Tarentaise — Its see was in Moûtiers.
other sees in present-day Italy (diocese of Aosta) and Switzerland (diocese of Sion).
Province of Trier (Belgica Prima)
(Archdiocese of Trier)
Diocese of Metz
Diocese of Toul, out of which:
Diocese of Nancy — Created 1777.
Diocese of Saint-Dié — Created 1777.
Diocese of Verdun
Province of Vienne (Viennensis Prima)
Archdiocese of Vienne
Diocese of Die
Diocese of Geneva — In the 16th century, following the Reformation, the see was moved to Annecy but kept its name.
Diocese of Grenoble
Diocese of Maurienne
Diocese of Valence
Diocese of Viviers
External links
Digital Atlas of Roman and Medieval Civilization (layers Medieval Bishoprics and French dioceses ca. 1000)
Dioceses, Ancien Régime
History of Catholicism in France | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Ancien%20R%C3%A9gime%20dioceses%20of%20France |
Peter Karran (born 20 May 1960) is a Manx politician, who is a former leader of the Liberal Vannin Party and former Minister of Education and Children. He was a Member of the House of Keys for Middle, and then for Onchan, from 1985 to 2016.
He was a member of the Manx Labour Party from 1981 but left in 2004. In August 2006 he founded the Liberal Vannin Party and became its first leader.
Career
Karran worked as a joiner. He stood for election in Middle in the 1981 Manx general election but was not elected. In 1985 he contested a by-election in Middle and was elected, becoming the youngest ever elected Member in the House of Keys. In the 1986 general election, Karran contested Onchan and was elected. He repeated his success in Onchan in general elections in 1986, 1991, 1996, 2001, 2006 and 2011. He has been very popular ever since, topping the Onchan polls at most elections. (In 2006 he received more votes than any other candidate for the Keys: partly because Onchan was one of the few three-seat constituencies and so there were more votes available.)
He was a Manx Labour Party member (and one of their two MHKs) but left the party in 2004. In August 2006 he founded the Liberal Vannin Party (LVP) and became its first leader. From 2011 to 2012 Karran served as the Minister of Education and Children under Allan Bell; however he was removed from the position for opposing the position of the Council of Ministers on the film industry.
In February 2014, Karran renounced the leadership of the LVP in favour of Kate Beecroft MHK. Karran said that it "was time for a change".
Around April 2016, Karran announced he would be standing down from the Keys after 31 years in Manx politics.
Controversy
Karran has been highly critical of the Manx Government, for example about the Mount Murray scandal. He was criticised by many people on the island when he announced the closure of all of the island's government-run preschools. His election campaign was based around the protection of frontline services in the Isle of Man, and the school closures were seen as a direct contradiction to that.
Electoral performance
Karran contested several elections, first for the Manx Labour Party and later for the Liberal Vannin Party.
House of Keys elections
Note: Throughout the relevant period the Onchan constituency elected three MHKs and each elector was entitled to three votes. Thus for example achieving 28.1% of the vote might mean that anything up to 84.3% of the electors may have voted for him.
References
Living people
1960 births
British political party founders
Liberal Vannin Party politicians
Members of the House of Keys 1981–1986
Members of the House of Keys 1986–1991
Members of the House of Keys 1991–1996
Members of the House of Keys 1996–2001
Members of the House of Keys 2001–2006
Members of the House of Keys 2006–2011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Karran |
Grand Monster Slam is a video game for the Amiga, Commodore 64, Atari ST and DOS. It is somewhat based on the 1985 arcade game Penguin Wars. In Amiga Power'''s first All Time Top One Hundred in the inaugural 'Issue 0', it was declared to be the 100th best Amiga game of all time. It never reappeared in the top 100 and its initial inclusion was said to be due to the insistence of a single writer. In March 2017 the source code of the game became available via the Internet Archive.
Gameplay
The game is based on the fictional Grand Monster Slam'' tournament set on the fantasy world of GhoID. The competitors of Grand Monster Slam are drawn from staple fantasy races including trolls, orcs, ogres and imps. Player control unnamed dwarf. The final boss is a golden goblin named Winner, based on the logo of the developer, Golden Goblins.
Tournament
The game involves two leagues of eight competitors each, and a final league with three "boss" characters with supernatural abilities. In each league players must compete in a knockout tournament, and, if they win the final, successfully complete a game of Faulton Feeding (see below) to advance to the next league.
Upon becoming champion of the third and final league, players are awarded the Gold Medal and the Yellow Jerkin by the King. If players lose a match, they are made the King's fool. If they have made it past the first league, they are given the opportunity to begin the league again, but will lose all their points.
Rules
The standard game of Grand Monster Slam takes place on a small pitch, apparently about the same size as a tennis court. Each of the two players stands on each end. On each side of the court six Beloms (also known as 'Boms') are lined up.
The aim of Grand Monster Slam is to kick all one's Beloms over to the opposite side, then run across the pitch to claim victory. When kicked across Beloms land at the back of the pitch, then move to occupy one of the six spot's on the player's line as soon as one is free. To succeed, players must try to hit their opponent with their Beloms in order to knock the opponent down, thus briefly preventing the opponent from kicking Beloms across the pitch. Gameplay is a mixture of dodging the opponent's Beloms while accurately kicking one's own in order to knock the opponent down.
The Beloms themselves are brown, spherical ball-like creatures with faces, which tremble as the player approaches them.
The pitch is separated from the spectator stands by a low wall. If a Belom is kicked over the wall, the Belom player receives a 'Pelvan' (penalty). A duck-like creature descends from above the pitch on a rope and makes its way to the opposite end of the field. The penalty-taker then kicks the Pelvan-creature, and the other must move to try to save it. If the rescuing player fails to catch the Pelvan, three Beloms move from the opponent's end to the rescuer's (if the opponent's end has fewer than four Beloms left, enough move so that the opponent only has one left). If the rescuer catches it, one Belom moves to the opponent's end. The Pelvan can be kicked left, right, or straight ahead, and the receiver can move in the same directions, so any Pelvan has a one-in-three chance of being saved.
In the first league, the pitch is empty. In the second and third leagues the two opponents are separated by a low wall with a gap in the middle. This has two consequences: the balls must be kicked with more force to get them over the wall, and the players must finish in the middle of the pitch after having gotten rid of all the Beloms in order to run across through the gap.
Mini-games
Grand Monster Slam has two mini-games, which appear in between the main matches. They can also be practised from the main menu.
Revenge of the Beloms
Revenge of the Beloms takes place after every quarter-final and semi-final. The player is surrounded by eight Beloms at the compass points, which attack one by one. They give warning as to which one will attack next by kicking up dust just before they move in. The player must fend them off with a weapon resembling a barbell that acts like a pugil stick. If a Belom gets past the player's weapon, the player trips and falls, the other Beloms pile in and bounce up and down on the fallen player, and the mini-game ends.
Before each game the King gives the player a target to meet, which gets higher throughout the tournament. Depending on how many Beloms were fended off relative to this target, the player will either lose some of the points awarded in the previous round or gain bonus points.
Faulton Feeding
After winning the final of the first and second leagues, the player must complete a game of Faulton Feeding. This takes place on the same pitch as the main games, with six Beloms lined up in front of the player as usual, and six Faultons, which resemble frogs, lined up on pillars on the opposite side. The player must kick the Beloms into the Faultons' open mouths, which involves applying the right amount of power so that the Beloms do not fly over or under the Faultons.
The player must successfully feed at least two Faultons in the first round of Faulton Feeding, and must feed at least four in the second round. If successful, the player advances to the next league. Failure means the player must begin the league again.
References
External links
Stadium 64 page
1989 video games
Amiga games
Atari ST games
Commodore 64 games
DOS games
Video games scored by Chris Huelsbeck
Video games scored by Jochen Hippel
Video games developed in Germany
Commercial video games with freely available source code
Single-player video games
Rainbow Arts games
Fantasy video games
Imps
Trolls in popular culture
Orcs in popular culture
Ogres in popular culture | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand%20Monster%20Slam |
Demons Don't Dream is a fantasy novel by American writer Piers Anthony published in 1993, the sixteenth book in the Xanth series.
The Companions of Xanth computer game was marketed in a box set along with the novel. The game and novel share a storyline in which Kim and Dug, two Mundane teenagers, play a mysterious computer game that magically transports them to the realm of Xanth to compete for a one-of-a-kind prize: a magical talent. In the actual computer game, the player assumes the role of Dug.
Plot summary
Dug, a Mundane, is transported in to the magic land of Xanth when he plays a computer game introduced to him by his friend for a bet. The game consists of the player having a companion, who is usually a well known Xanth character, and being led through the magical world of Xanth, defeating challenges along the way and eventually winning the ultimate prize of a magic talent. The catch with the companions is that there is a chance that your companion is false, meaning that at the point where you might finally win, the companion will cause your ultimate downfall. The game also has a way of becoming 3D to the player, and, if the player believes in magic, eventually real.
Dug, being a mundane boy of sixteen, picks Nada Naga as his partner, because of her beauty. Nada Naga begins to lead Dug in the world of Xanth, at first trying to convince him that the magical world is real, but giving up after realizing that Dug stubbornly refuses to believe in magic. Dug travels to the Isthmus village, where he learns the town is being controlled under a horrible censorship. He sets out to destroy the ship. After defeating the censorship, he is kicked out of the game twice, once only temporarily from trying to look at Nada's panties, the second time for good after being defeated by Com Pewter. He comes back to the game and picks Nada to be his partner again but fails to remember that there is a chance that Nada will be a False Companion, which she is. He again has to go through the first part of his adventure, but this time his starting point has changed to the Black Village, home to the new Black Wave. Sherlock, one of the members of the Black Wave, joins Nada and Dug on their journey.
Later in Xanth he meets Kim, another Mundane playing the game. Kim is with Bubbles—a dog she found in a bubble—Sammy Cat, and Jenny Elf (her companion). While Dug was completing the first part of his adventure, Kim was having her own. She first was captured by ogres and had to play a mind game with them in order to escape. She then traveled to the Water Wing, where her and Jenny met Cyrus Merman, who is trying to find a wife. He accompanies them on their journey in hopes of finding a wife on the way. When Kim and Dug meet, Kim develops a crush on Dug, but at first Dug does not return the feeling. The two parties attempt to cross the Gap Chasm, but split up, after Dug and Kim decide to switch companions. Kim, Nada, Cyrus, and Bubbles go toward the ocean where Cyrus ends up meeting the merwoman who ends up being his wife, Merci Merwoman, Mela's daughter. Dug, Jenny, and Sherlock head on down the Gap Chasm, where Dug fights a brief battle with the Gap dragon. The teams both go on to the Good Magician's Castle by different routes.
References
1993 fantasy novels
1993 American novels
American fantasy novels
Winged unicorns
16
Tor Books books | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demons%20Don%27t%20Dream |
Harpy Thyme is a fantasy novel by American writer Piers Anthony, the seventeenth book of the Xanth series.
Plot summary
Gloha Goblin-Harpy is searching for love, and decides to ask the Magician Humfrey where she can find it. He tells her to ask his second son Crombie the Soldier. Gloha goes on a quest for love, accompanied by Magician Trent and Cynthia, a winged centaur filly.
References
External links
American fantasy novels
17
1993 American novels
1993 fantasy novels
Hodder & Stoughton books | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harpy%20Thyme |
The Waco Custom Cabins were a series of up-market single-engined four-to-five-seat cabin sesquiplanes of the late 1930s produced by the Waco Aircraft Company of the United States. "Custom Cabin" was Waco's own description of the aircraft which despite minor differences, were all fabric-covered biplanes.
Design
Nearly all of the Waco Custom Cabins were powered by radial engines (there being one factory-built exception, the MGC-8) and the purchaser could specify almost any commercially available engine and Waco would build an aircraft powered by it, hence the profusion of designations, as the first letter indicates the engine installed. Some models were offered in case someone wanted a specific engine but not all were built. Fuselage structure was typical for the period, being welded steel tubing with light wood strips to fair the shape in. The wings were made of spruce with two spars each, having ailerons on only the upper wings, mounted on a false spar. Split flaps were installed on the undersides of the upper wings, though two designs were used depending on model – placed either mid-chord (OC, UC and QC), or in the conventional position at the trailing edge of the wing (GC and N). The model N was unusual in being the only model with flaps on the lower wings while the model E was the only one with plain flaps. Wing bracing was with a heavily canted N strut joining upper and lower wings, assisted by a single strut bracing the lower wing to the upper fuselage longeron, except on the E series which replaced the single strut with flying and landing wires. Elevators and rudder were aerodynamically counterbalanced and braced with wire cables. Both could be trimmed, the rudder via a ground-adjustable tab, the elevators via jack screw on the OC, UC and QC, while the GC, E and N used a single trim tab on the port (left) elevator. The main landing gear was sprung with oleo struts, and a castoring tailwheel was fitted on all versions except the VN model, which had a nosewheel.
Designation clarification
Waco had been building a series of successful cabin biplanes, when in 1935 they introduced a new series of upmarket cabin sesquiplanes intended for the wealthy private individual or business. The original biplanes had been given a designation ending in C, however with the new Custom Cabin, Waco decided to differentiate the new design and existing C types that remained in production were recoded as C-S types to indicate Standard Cabin, until Waco changed their designation again in 1936 to just an S. For example, the 1934 Standard Cabin YKC was redesignated as a YKC-S in 1935, and as a YKS-6 in 1936. 1936 also saw the adoption of a numerical suffix to indicate the model year of the design, as "-6" for 1936, "-7" for 1937, etc. Since it referred to a model and not the year of production, the "-7" was carried into 1939 for some Custom Cabins, while others were designated "-8". In 1936, Waco started using a short form to refer to the types of aircraft without the engine and model identifiers resulting in C-6, C-7 and C-8 however as Waco only built one type of Custom cabin in each of those years, they refer to the QC-6, GC-7 and GC-8 series respectively.
Operational history
The Custom Cabin series, with its improved performance proved to be popular and many were purchased by small commercial aviation firms and non-aviation businesses. Approximately 300 Custom Cabin Wacos of all types (excluding the Waco E series and the Waco N series), were produced between 1935 and 1939. Some were employed as "executive transports". Many served in the Canadian bush country, where they normally operated on skis in winter and EDO floats in summer. Many of these Canadian Wacos were ordered and built as freighters with additional doors. In 1936 an EQC-6 operated by Speers Airways of Regina, Saskatchewan was the first non-military government operated air ambulance in Canada.
With the onset of World War II, examples were impressed into the air forces of many Allied nations, including the US (USAAC and US Navy), the United Kingdom, South Africa, Australia and New Zealand. Most were used as utility aircraft, however a small number were operated by the US Civil Air Patrol, conducting anti-submarine patrols off the US coastline from March 1942 to August 1943 armed with 50- or 100-pound bombs. A single impressed ZGC-7 referred to as the Big Waco, RAF serial AX695, was used by the British Long Range Desert Group (LRDG) along with a Standard Cabin YKC named Little Waco to support their activities behind Axis lines. Flight Regiment 19, Finnish Air Force (Swedish Volunteer Air Force) used one Waco ZQC-6 (OH-SLA) during the Russo-Finnish Winter War in support of Finnish military operations.
Numerous Custom Cabin series aircraft of several sub-models are currently registered in the US, and more are in under restoration. This is still a popular design among owners of classic aircraft.
Variants
The Waco Custom cabin series included all of the enlarged-cabin sesquiplanes from 1935 and can be further divided into six basic models, OC, UC QC, GC, RE and VN, with additional subtypes differing primarily in engine installation (indicated by the first letter of the designation or by a low dash number, i.e. -1, -2) and by model year (dash numbers -6, -7, -8). Letters were not used sequentially.
Each basic type was offered with almost any engine the customer wished and designations were created accordingly, however some engines were more popular than others resulting in some types being offered, but never built. Due to the wide variety of engines already offered, it was both relatively easy and common to change the installed engine, resulting in a lot of confusion as to the correct designation to use for a specific airframe.
The RE series is more refined aerodynamically than earlier models; the wings are fully plywood-skinned, and instead of a bulky compression strut carrying lift loads, a more conventional set of streamlined flying wires completes the wing structure. It has the fastest cruise speed of any of the Waco cabin models, with a Vne of 270 mph.
1935 OC Series (54+ built)
UOC Continental R-670-A or Continental R-670-B engine. four built.
YOC Jacobs L-4 engine. 50+ YOC and YOC-1 built. Built as UOC and re-engined.
YOC-1 Jacobs L-5 engine. Built as UOC and re-engined. One impressed by USAAF as UC-72N.
1935 UC Series (30+ built)
CUC Wright R-760-E engine. 30+ built of all CUC types.
CUC-1 Wright R-760-E1 engine. Built as CUC and re-engined. One impressed by USAAF as UC-72F.
CUC-2 Wright R-760-E2 engine. Built as CUC and re-engined.
1936 QC Series (C-6) (120 built)
AQC-6 Jacobs L-6 engine. Seven built. One impressed by USAAF as UC-72G.
AQC-6 Freighter: At least two aircraft ordered through Fleet Aircraft and built for use in Canada with additional freight doors on both sides of the fuselage and equipped for floats. Engine same as for standard AQC-6. Additional aircraft may have been modified.
DQC-6 Wright R-760-E1 engine. 11 built.
EQC-6 Wright R-760-E2 engine. 20 built. USCG used three as J2W-1
VQC-6 Continental W-670-M1 engine. One built.
YQC-6 Jacobs L-4 engine. 13 built. One ex-RAAF example re-engined with ;hp DeHavilland Gypsy 6 inline engine.
ZQC-6 Jacobs L-5 engine. 68 built. One impressed by the USAAF as UC-72Q and five as UC-72H.; Swedish AF Tp-8a
ZQC-6 Freighter: At least eight aircraft ordered through Fleet Aircraft and built for use in Canada with additional freight doors on both sides of the fuselage and equipped for floats. Engine same as for standard ZQC-6. Additional aircraft may have been modified.
1937–38 GC Series (C-7 and C-8) (96+ built)
AGC-8 Jacobs L-6 engine. 17 built, two modified to EGC-8. Two impressed by USAAF as UC-72P.
DGC-7 Wright R-760-E1 engine. Two built.
EGC-7 Wright R-760-E2 engine. 38 built.
EGC-8 same as EGC-7 for 1938. Seven built, plus two modified from AGC-8, and one used to trial Menasco C-6S-4 for MGC-8. Four impressed by USAAF as UC-72B
MGC-8 Menasco Buccaneer inline engine. One modified, unknown number built.
ZGC-7 Jacobs L-5 engine. 28 built. Four impressed by USAAF as UC-72E
ZGC-8 same as ZGC-7 for 1938, four built.
1938 VN Series (N-8) (20 ca. built)
AVN-8 Jacobs L-6 engine.
ZVN-8 Jacobs L-5 engine.
1939 RE Series (30 built)
ARE Aristocrat Jacobs L-6 (four built, one impressed by USAAF as UC-72A)
HRE Aristocrat Lycoming R-680-E3 (five built, two impressed by USAAF as UC-72C)
SRE Aristocrat Pratt & Whitney Wasp Jr SB-2/-3 (21 built, 13 impressed by USAAF as UC-72)
Military designations
A-54 Royal Australian Air Force designation for impressed YQC-6
Tp-8a Swedish Air Force designation for ZQC-6. Tp-8 was a generic designation for all Wacos.
J2W US Coast Guard designation for three EQC-6 bought from Waco. Additional aircraft impressed by the US Navy were undesignated.
UC-72/C-72 US Army Air Forces designation for impressed Custom Cabin series Wacos.
{|
|-
| UC-72B || : || EGC-8 ||align=right| four impressed
|-
| UC-72E || : || ZGC-7 ||align=right| four impressed
|-
| UC-72P || : || AGC-8 ||align=right| two impressed
|-
| UC-72Q || : || ZQC-6 ||align=right| one impressed
|-
| UC-72G || : || AQC-6 ||align=right| one impressed
|-
| UC-72H || : || ZQC-6 ||align=right| five impressed
|-
| UC-72F || : || CUC-1 ||align=right| one impressed
|}
Operators
Civil operators
Wacos were used in small numbers by a very large number of individual operators in many countries.
Military operators
Most operators operated either a single example, or a very small number.
Argentine Navy (EQC-6 and UOC)
Royal Australian Air Force impressed (YQC-6)
Exército Brasileiro (30 EGC-7)
Royal Canadian Air Force impressed (AQC-6)
Department of National Defence purchased (two ZQC-6)
Finnish Air Force impressed (ZQC-6)
Royal Netherlands Air Force possibly impressed (EGC-7)
Royal New Zealand Air Force impressed (UOC)
Nicaraguan Air Force (EGC-7)
South African Air Force impressed at least ten Wacos of different types (CUC and YOC)
Swedish Air Force (ZQC-6)
Royal Air Force impressed (ZVN-8) and ZGC-7)
United States Coast Guard (three EQC-6)
United States Navy
United States Army Air Forces (impressed 18 of various types – see above)
Aircraft on display
Aside from the large number of privately owned Wacos that continue to exist, a number have also found their way into museums.
Specifications (ZQC-6)
See also
References
Notes
Bibliography
FAA Registry Search for Waco
External links
Data on Waco aircraft at Aerofiles.com
FAA Registry Search for Waco
Tp 8 and Tp 8a
American Waco Club
Custom
1930s United States civil utility aircraft
1930s United States military transport aircraft
1930s United States military utility aircraft
Sesquiplanes
Single-engined tractor aircraft
Aircraft first flown in 1935 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Waco%20Custom%20Cabin%20series |
Walter David Baker, (August 22, 1930 – November 13, 1983) was a Canadian parliamentarian and lawyer.
Baker is best known for having been Government House Leader during the short-lived minority government of Joe Clark. He received much of the popular blame for the defeat of the government in a Motion of no confidence on December 13, 1979 with the claim that the government fell because "Walter Baker couldn't count". However, observers pointed out that targeting Baker as the scapegoat was unfair as he was House Leader, not Party Whip. The defeat was the result of the Clark government's decision to alienate the six Social Credit Members of Parliament by refusing to accord them official party status as well as Clark's view that he could "govern as if" he had a majority government.
Baker was first elected to the House of Commons of Canada in the 1972 election as the Progressive Conservative Member of Parliament for Grenville—Carleton (later renamed Nepean—Carleton) and was re-elected in the 1974, 1979 and 1980 elections. He served as both Government House Leader and Minister of National Revenue during the Clark government. He served as Opposition House Leader from 1976 to 1979 and again from 1980 to 1981.
In government, Baker introduced the first ever Access to Information Bill which died on the order paper with the Tory government. However, much of Baker's bill became part of the eventual Access to Information Act that was introduced by Liberal Solicitor-General Francis Fox in 1983 and passed by parliament into law.
He was one of the founding partners of the law firm Bell Baker LLP located in Ottawa, Ontario.
Baker died at the age of 53. A week after his death, a recreational center in Barrhaven, Ottawa, Ontario was named after him, the South Nepean Centre became the Walter Baker Sports Centre.
Electoral record
References
There goes another one by Pat MacAdam, Ottawa Sun, May 22, 2005
External links
1930 births
1983 deaths
Carleton University alumni
Lawyers in Ontario
Members of the 21st Canadian Ministry
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from Ontario
Members of the King's Privy Council for Canada
Progressive Conservative Party of Canada MPs
University of Toronto Faculty of Law alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walter%20Baker%20%28Canadian%20politician%29 |
"Lovely Head" is an electronic song performed by British group Goldfrapp. The song was written and produced by Alison Goldfrapp and Will Gregory for the duo's debut album Felt Mountain (2000). It was released as the album's first single in May 2000 but did not chart. In November 2001, the song was re-issued as a double A-side single with "Pilots (On a Star)" and reached number sixty-eight on the UK Singles Chart.
In 2002, "Lovely Head" appeared in the Guy Ritchie film Swept Away. It appeared in Jan Kounen's 99 francs (2007), as well as in Pawel Pawlikowski's My Summer of Love (2004).
During 2001 the song was used in a TV and cinema advertising campaign for UK mobile phone company One2One, which featured Gary Oldman. The song was also used in Arte documentary series about photographer Helmut Newton, "Mein Leben" (2002). In 2000, the song was used by carmaker BMW in a commercial advertising its 5 Series (E39).
"Lovely Head" is used as the background music in most scenes of BBC animated television series Monkey Dust that contain the character Clive Pringle.
Background and writing
Goldfrapp began work on "Lovely Head" in September 1999 in a rented bungalow in the Wiltshire countryside. Alison Goldfrapp contributed the song's lyrics, and William Gregory and Goldfrapp composed the music together. The duo recorded the song outside their bungalow, drawing inspiration from nature. The song was originally titled "Your Lovely Head". "Lovely Head" features high lonesome whistling and cold vocals set to harpsichord and strings.
What is often mistaken for a theremin synth in the song is, in fact, Alison's vocals manipulated through a Korg MS-20 synthesiser. It was inspired by Welsh singer Shirley Bassey and Italian film director Sergio Leone.
In August 2009, American music website Pitchfork listed "Lovely Head" in their Top 500 tracks of the 2000s at number 493.
Formats and track listings
CD & 12” single / digital single (2018)
"Lovely Head" – 3:50
"Lovely Head" (Staré Město Mix) – 3:51
"Lovely Head" (Miss World Mix) – 3:50
Credits and personnel
Alison Goldfrapp – lead vocals, backing vocals, whistling, keyboards, songwriting, production
Will Gregory – synthesizer, keyboard, songwriting, production
Nick Batt, Chris Weston – additional programming
Adrian Utley – bass guitar
John Parish – drums
Stuart Gordon – violin, viola
John Dent – mastering
Charts
References
External links
1999 songs
2000 debut singles
2001 singles
Goldfrapp songs
Songs written by Alison Goldfrapp
Songs written by Will Gregory
Mute Records singles | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lovely%20Head |
Geis of the Gargoyle is a fantasy novel by American writer Piers Anthony, the eighteenth book of the Xanth series.
Plot
Seeking a spell that will restore the polluted river Swan Knee to a state of purity, guardian Gary Gargoyle finds himself face-to-face with the Magician Humfrey. Humfrey tells Gary to go and find the philter. Instead of serving the usual one year, Gary has to become a man with the help of Trent, who has gone into the brain coral's pool along with his wife Iris, and civilize a 5 year old child named Surprise. Iris comes along for the quest after having a rejuvenation potion. Surprise is a kid with as many talents as there are thinkable, but only one at a time. When Gary gets some direction, they go off to search for the philter in the middle of the madness, which is spreading farther out, in the ruins of stone hinge. Once there, in an attempt to search for where the philter could be Iris recreates the past that Gary revealed to them from reading the stones After the illusions are being recreated, some illusions that aren't Iris's come and start communicating with the group. Eventually, they find that the illusions are trying to steal Gary's soul. Then they find that there is a demon creating the illusions, and that that demon is the philter, and in order to stop the madness from spreading, and to clean the rivers coming in to Xanth, they have to put the philter back into 'The Interface'. An old spell that the ancients who created stone hinge used to tame the madness, and separate Xanth from Mundania. They had apparently thought that the philter had also gone into 'the interface', but it had managed to hide itself instead of going in. After much confusion, they manage to get the philter into the interface. In finding the philter, they also find out that Surprise can only use each talent once, and then can no longer do the same thing. Surprise became way more mature after learning that she can't perform the same talent more than once, and Gary no longer has to purify the river of Swan Knee.
References
American fantasy novels
18
1994 American novels
1994 fantasy novels
Hodder & Stoughton books | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geis%20of%20the%20Gargoyle |
Roc and a Hard Place is the nineteenth book of the Xanth series by Piers Anthony.
Plot
One year after the events of Geis of the Gargoyle, Demoness Metria, whilst making her husband Veleno deliriously happy, finds that the stork will not acknowledge her summons. Seeking to summon the stork, Metria (and her worse half, D. Mentia) are sent on a quest by the Good Magician Humphrey. Metria is then tasked by the Simurgh to deliver a bag's worth of summons to their respective citizens of Xanth in order to hold a trial for Roxanne Roc. All that remains is to find out why Roxanne Roc is on trial as Metria meets with many old Xanth characters, including Grundy Golem, Sorceress Iris, Magician Trent, Gray Murphy, Jordan the Barbarian and Desiree Dryad.
References
19
1995 American novels
1996 fantasy novels
Tor Books books | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roc%20and%20a%20Hard%20Place |
Sierra Leone competed at the 1996 Summer Olympics in Atlanta, United States.
Results by event
Athletics
Men
Track and road events
Women
Track and road events
Field events
Combined events – Heptathlon
Boxing
Swimming
Men
References
Official Olympic Reports
Nations at the 1996 Summer Olympics
1996
Oly | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierra%20Leone%20at%20the%201996%20Summer%20Olympics |
Lulsgate may refer to several places in North Somerset, England:
Bristol Airport, an airport formerly known as Lulsgate
Lulsgate Plateau, an outlier of the Mendip Hills
Lulsgate Quarry, a Site of Special Scientific Interest
Lulsgate Aerodrome, a motor racing circuit
Lulsgate Bottom, a settlement | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lulsgate |
Faun & Games is the twenty-first book of the Xanth series by Piers Anthony.
Plot
A young faun discovers his friend has gone missing into the Void and thus, the tree that nymph is bound to will wither and die. The hero wishes to save his friend's tree but in doing so, he risks his own tree. After visiting the Good Magician, Forrest Faun is sent with Mare Imbri to Ptero to find a faun for the tree. His journey later takes him from Ptero to smaller moons that orbit that specific world's Ida.
Characters in Faun & Games
Forrest Fawn
Mare Imbrium
Eve
Dawn
Ida
Magician Humphrey
References
American fantasy novels
21
1997 American novels
1997 fantasy novels
Tor Books books | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Faun%20%26%20Games |
The Zulu Social Aid & Pleasure Club (founded 1916) is a fraternal organization in New Orleans, Louisiana which puts on the Zulu parade each year on Mardi Gras Day. Zulu is New Orleans' largest predominantly African American carnival organization known for its blackfaced krewe members wearing grass skirts and its unique throw of hand-painted coconuts. The club is a regular feature of the New Orleans Jazz & Heritage Festival.
History
In 1908, John L. Metoyer and members of a New York mutual aid society called "The Tramps" attended a vaudevillian comedy show called There Never Was and Never Will Be a King Like Me. The musical comedy performed by the "Smart Set" at the Pythian Temple Theater on the corner of Gravier and Saratoga in New Orleans included a skit where the characters wore grass skirts and dressed in black makeup. Metoyer became inspired by the skit and reorganized his marching troupe from baggy-pant-wearing tramps to a new group called the "Zulus". In 1909, Metoyer and the first Zulu king, William Story, wore a lard-can crown and carried a banana stalk as a scepter. Six years later in 1915, the first decorated platform was constructed with dry goods boxes on a spring wagon. The King's float was decorated with tree moss and palmetto leaves.
In 1916, Zulu Social Aid and Pleasure Club became incorporated where the organization's bylaws were established as well as its social mission and dedication to benevolence and goodwill.
In 1933, the Lady Zulu Auxiliary was formed by the wives of Zulu members, and in 1948 Edwina Robertson became the first Queen of Zulu, making the club the first to feature a queen in a parade.
In the 1960s, membership dwindled as a result of social pressures from civil rights activists. The protesters advertised in the local black community's newspaper The Louisiana Weekly stating:
According to the club, Zulu's use of black makeup was never a form of "blackface". Throughout the south, black Americans were prohibited from wearing masks, but black makeup was permitted. The Zulu Social Aid & Pleasure Club, Inc. says that it has not and never will participate in the act of "blackface," as "blackface" is the derogatory, hateful representation of black people as buffoons and idiots. During the 1960s, the organization, with the support of the Mayor and chief-of-police, gave up black make up but continued the tradition of the parade, wearing grass skirts and keeping the identity of the king secret. Due to continued pressure, by 1965 there were only 15 Zulu members remaining. The induction of local civil rights leaders Ernest J. Wright and Morris F.X. Jeff Sr. as Zulu members eventually lifted tensions and membership started to increase. The krewe soon resumed their old traditions, including the black makeup.
Unlike the other "old-line" Carnival Krewes, Zulu never had a policy of racial discrimination. From its inception, any man, regardless of race, ethnicity or religion, had the opportunity to join the membership. In 1973, Roy E. "Glap" Glapion Jr., Zulu President from 1973 to 1988, started actively recruiting professionals, educators, and prominent businessmen and men from all racial and ethnic backgrounds to join Zulu's membership, making Zulu the first parading organization to actually parade racially integrated.
Zulu coconut
The Zulu Social Aid and Pleasure Club is well known to parade-goers for throwing coconuts to the crowd. In the early 20th century, other parading organizations threw glass necklaces, often hand-made and expensive. The working men of Zulu could not afford similar throws, and decided to purchase coconuts from the French Market since they were unusual and relatively cheap. Painted and adorned coconuts became popular with the club starting in the late 1940s. In 1987, the organization was unable to renew its insurance coverage, and lawsuits stemming from coconut-related injuries forced a halt to the tradition. In 1988 Governor Edwin W. Edwards signed Louisiana State Bill #SB188, the "Coconut Bill", into law, removing liability from injuries resulting from coconuts and enabling the tradition to resume.
King of Zulu
Zulu is the only New Orleans Mardi Gras krewe that selects their king through an election voting process. Potential kings must campaign for the job, including throwing parties for other krewe members to solicit votes.
Kings of Zulu
Queen of Zulu
In 1948 Edwina Robertson became the first Queen of Zulu, making the club the first to feature a queen in a parade. It is a tradition for the club to make a show of meeting the Zulu queen at the airport, but most years' Zulu queens live in New Orleans and therefore have to travel elsewhere so that they can make the flight into the airport for the ceremony.
See also
Carnival
New Orleans Mardi Gras
References
Further reading
Linda Villarosa, "'A Terrible Price': The Deadly Racial Disparities of Covid-19 in America," New York Times, April 29, 2020.
External links
Mardi Gras in New Orleans
Organizations established in 1916
Parades in the United States
1916 establishments in Louisiana
ja:レックス・パレード | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zulu%20Social%20Aid%20%26%20Pleasure%20Club |
Sierra Leone competed at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Spain.
Competitors
The following is the list of number of competitors in the Games.
Results by event
Athletics
Men's 800 metres
Prince Amara
Heat — 1:51.76 (→ did not advance)
Men's 110m Hurdles
Benjamin Grant
Heats — 14.27 (→ did not advance)
Men's Long Jump
Thomas Ganda
Qualification — 7.67 m (→ did not advance)
Women's Long Jump
Eunice Barber
Heat — 5.55 m (→ did not advance)
References
Sources
Official Olympic Reports
Nations at the 1992 Summer Olympics
1992
Oly | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierra%20Leone%20at%20the%201992%20Summer%20Olympics |
América Televisión is a Peruvian television network, founded in 1958. The network is owned by Plural TV, which is a joint venture of the El Comercio and La República daily newspapers. It was the second television channel to be founded in Peru, the first commercial station with regular broadcasts, and Peru's highest-rated network.
Productions Channel
Programming
Services
América tvGO
Created in 2012. Is an OTT platform with composed program of series, magazine and exclusive contents. The service is paid and the user must subscribe to be able to watch the network's productions and transmedia interactions such as receiving communication from some characters and voting in game shows.
External links
Official Site
References
Television stations in Peru
Television channels and stations established in 1958
Spanish-language television stations
Television networks in Peru
Mass media in Lima
1958 establishments in Peru | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Am%C3%A9rica%20Televisi%C3%B3n |
Xone of Contention is the twenty-third book of the Xanth series by Piers Anthony.
Plot introduction
Dug, the Mundane who had had an adventure in Xanth through the Companions of Xanth computer game, is now happily married to Kim. His friend Edsel on the other hand is on the rock with his marriage to Pia, Dug's old girlfriend, who wants a divorce. Edsel, not wanting to lose her strikes a deal with her, they take a two-week vacation in Xanth, switching with Nimby and Chlorine who want to learn about Mundania, and if she doesn't change her mind, he won't fight it.
References
23
1999 American novels
American fantasy novels
American science fiction novels
1999 science fiction novels
1999 fantasy novels
English-language novels | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xone%20of%20Contention |
Sierra Leone competed at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, South Korea. Twelve competitors, eleven men and one woman, took part in fourteen events in four sports.
Competitors
The following is the list of number of competitors in the Games.
Athletics
Men
Track and road events
Field events
Women
Track and road events
Boxing
Cycling
One male cyclist represented Sierra Leone in 1988.
Road
Men
Weightlifting
References
External links
Official Olympic Reports
Nations at the 1988 Summer Olympics
1988
Oly | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierra%20Leone%20at%20the%201988%20Summer%20Olympics |
The Dastard is a fantasy novel by British-American writer Piers Anthony, the twenty-fourth book of the Xanth series.
The Dastard is a vile, loathsome man with the power to travel back in time. He uses this to neutralize people's joyous moments and if this includes removing the existence of sentient beings, so be it. Despite this selfish, amoral attitude, The Dastard finds himself involved with a cross-Xanth adventure anyway, with a woman resistant to his methods. He runs up against the Sea Hag, who is just as evil and powerful.
Plot summary
Becka was a crossbreed - the daughter of Draco Dragon and a lovely human woman who met, by chance, at a Love Spring. Now fourteen, Becka was beginning to wonder where in Xanth she belonged, on the ground with her mother's people or flying the skies with her father's kind. So she journeyed to the Good Magician Humfrey to discover her true purpose in life. Much to her astonishment and surprise, the Magician told her that a great Destiny awaited her, one that would affect the future of all of Xanth.
To unravel the mystery of her Fate, Becka did as Humfrey bade her: traveling on foot to the statue of the dreaded Sea Hag to meet the man who would be waiting for her there, and offering him her assistance. But to her dismay, Becka discovered that the one who awaited her there was a dangerous, despicable libertine who called himself the Dastard.
Once a common country boy, the Dastard had sold his soul to a detestable demon in exchange for the power to erase events and rewrite history to suit his own devious ends. Lacking a conscience and filled with craven self-loathing, he roamed the width and breadth of Xanth in search of anyone happier than he was. Once he found them, he used his malevolent talent to "unhappen" their happiness so that others could share in his misery.
Determined to honor her vow but despairing of her ability to help this man and still preserve her virtue, Becka set out on a wide and perilous journey that led from the mists of Xanth's distant past to the tiny planetoid of Ptero, where everyone in Xanth who might have been actually existed. There she discovered a magic that was far stronger than the Dastard's: the awesome power of the human heart.
Characters
The Dastard - An evil man, only concerned with his base, animalistic desires. Once a man named Anomy, with the talent of Stupid Ideas, he traded his soul to a demon for the talent of Unhappening events. However, he can only unhappen up to the time he received this talent, and cannot unhappen his own unhappenings (i.e., if he meets a girl and unhappens part of their conversation, he can't unhappen meeting that girl, because that would be paradox).
The Sea Hag - an evil woman, corrupted over the years of her life, with the ability to take over the body of anybody she chooses when the body she possessed dies.
Becka - Daughter of Draco Dragon and a human woman who met at a love spring, she can change into any of her three forms (dragon, half-dragon, human). She is sent to the Dastard by the Good Magician in order to help deal with him, and given Awareness, so she can remember the Dastard's Unhappenings.
References
American fantasy novels
24
2000 American novels
Tor Books books | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Dastard |
Swell Foop is a fantasy novel by British-American writer Piers Anthony, the twenty-fifth book of the Xanth series.
The title is taken from a spoonerism for the Shakespearean phrase "one fell swoop," famously (but not first) spoken by the tongue-twisted Peter Sellers character in the 1964 movie The Pink Panther.
Plot summary
Cynthia Centaur and her companions must find the Six Rings of Xanth (Air, Earth, Fire, Water, Void, and the Idea) in order to find the Swell Foop and use it to rescue the Demon E(A/R)th from the thrall of the Demoness Fornax.
Characters
Cynthia Centaur
Che Centaur
Sim
Jaylin
The Demons FO(R\N)ax, JU(P/I)ter, M(A/R)s, V(E\N)us, E(A/R)th and ME(R/C)ury
Justin Tree
Breanna
References
External links
American fantasy novels
25
2001 American novels
Tor Books books | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swell%20Foop |
Up In A Heaval is a fantasy novel by British-American writer Piers Anthony, the twenty-sixth book of the Xanth series.
Plot
Characters
Umlaut
Sesame
Magician Humfrey
Demoness Metria
Sammy Cat
The Demon Jupiter
References
External links
26
2002 American novels
Tor Books books | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Up%20in%20a%20Heaval |
Sierra Leone competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, United States.
Results by event
Athletics
Women's 100 metres
Eugenia Osho-Williams
First Heat — 12.83s (→ did not advance)
Boxing
Men's Light Middleweight (– 71 kg)
Israel Cole
First Round – Bye
Second Round – Defeated Victor Claudio (PUR), RSC-1
Third Round – Defeated Elone Lutui (TNG), RSCH-2
Quarterfinals – Lost to Christophe Tiozzo (FRA), 0:5
Men's Heavyweight (– 91 kg)
Egerton Forster
First Round – Bye
Second Round – Lost to Arnold Vanderlyde (NED), 1:4
References
Official Olympic Reports
Nations at the 1984 Summer Olympics
1984
Oly | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierra%20Leone%20at%20the%201984%20Summer%20Olympics |
Cube Route is a fantasy novel by British-American writer Piers Anthony, the twenty-seventh book of the Xanth series.
Pangrammatic window
The shortest known published pangrammatic window, a stretch of naturally occurring text that contains all the letters in the alphabet, is found on page 98 of the 2004 First Mass Market Edition. The passage, which is 42 letters long (in boldface), reads: "We are all from Xanth," Cube said quickly. "Just visiting Phaze. We just want to find the dragon."
References
27
2003 American novels
Tor Books books | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cube%20Route |
Currant Events is a 2004 fantasy novel by British-American writer Piers Anthony, the twenty-eighth book of the Xanth series and the first book in the second Xanth trilogy.
Plot introduction
The plot follows Clio, the Muse of History, as she finally leaves the mountain where she and her sisters live, to find the currant that can clarify her volume of Xanth's history.
Plot summary
Clio, the Muse of History, discovers the twenty-eighth volume of Xanth, but she cannot read it and does not remember writing it. She goes to consult with the Good Magician, who treats her as a Querent. His Answer is that she should look for the currant, and her Service is to restock the extinct dragon population of Xanth. To this end she needs to recruit dragons from one of Ida’s moons. He also gives her a magical compass that will direct her toward her objective.
Clio uses the service of Becka, the dragon girl from Castle Maidragon to escort her safely among the dragons. She also uses Che Centaur to prepare organic material, mainly peat, to form bodies for the dragon spirits. She finds the dragon moon of Ida recruits with the help of Drew and Drusie, two tiny telepathic dragons, whose relationship is forbidden. With the help of Dragon’s Ida, a dragon herself, she uses the Dragon-net to bring the recruited dragon souls back to Xanth.
Back in Xanth, Clio follows the directives of the magical compass and performs various tasks all over Xanth. She encounters Sherlock, a man from the Black Wave, banished from his village after a series of odd accidents. It turns out that after a decade in Xanth, Sherlock developed a magical talent – to summon and control reverse wood. As part of his experiments with the reverse wood he creates a Golem called Getaway Golem. Sherlock joins Clio in her quest, and later creates a lady Golem called Comealong as a companion for Getaway.
Clios adventure takes her throughout Xanth, including Counter Xanth, where she meets the protagonists of Cube Route, and establishes a computer link with Xanth. She also travels to Mundania where she meets Arnold Centaur and David Baldwin. She also meets Umlaut and Surprise Golem, stranded in the Water Zone when rescuing Ciriana - a five year old girl whose talent is immunity to the Adult Conspiracy. In Castle Zombie Clio meets Thesis, who holds a magical device called The Spancel. She reveals that it was created by the Mundane Sorceress Morgan le Fay, who now resides in Ptero.
Clio goes back to Ptero, to return the Spancel, where she is forced to confront the sorceress. She prevails with the aid of Sherlock, who saves her from the sorceress and from Demon Lithosphere. Finally, they return to Mount Parnassus, where they discover the currant plant in the garden. They revive the plant with the various artifacts retrieved during the quest, and take the big currant it grows. They discover that the twenty eighth volume was replaced with Humfrey's Book of Answers. After Sherlock uses his powers to switch the books back, they use the juice to decipher the text of the book. Back in Mount Parnassus Clio finally realizes that Sherlock’s talent is magician level, making him eligible to marry her. Only after Drew and Drusie intervene is she able to tell him that she loves him back. They adopt Ciriana and decide to live in normal Xanth. Finally, Clio realizes that her whole adventure had been another Demon bet, and verifies it with Venus who acknowledges the fact.
Dragon
Dragon is one of Ida’s moons. It is shaped as an Orbros, and unlike other moons it seems to be sentient. Dragon Ida, living on the tip of the tail, says that it is the source of all dragons. The dragons of the moon are arranged in five categories - environment, weapon, size, nature, and mental nature. There are five aspects for each category, making a total of 3,125 permutations, each considered a dragon type. Drew and Drusie are both tiny, air, telepathic, and committed dragons, but his weapon is fire and hers is steam, and therefore are not allowed to breed on Dragon.
See also
Muses in popular culture
References
28
2004 American novels
Tor Books books | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Currant%20Events |
Stork Naked is a fantasy novel by British-American writer Piers Anthony, the thirtieth book of the Xanth series.
Plot
Surprise summons the stork with Umlaut, only to discover with dismay that the stork refuses to deliver her baby due to a clerical error. Off on an adventure to find her child, she seeks the aid of Pyra, who wields a tool that can find, and enter, alternate realities. As Surprise and her entourage search for the correct world, the sinister mechanism behind the whole adventure is revealed.
Characters
Surprise Golem, daughter of Grundy Golem and Rapunzel Elf
Che Centaur, winged Centaur, tutor
Pet Peeve, an insulting bird
Half-Demon Ted
Half-Demon Monica
Woe Betide, the child aspect of the Demoness Metria
Pyra
References
30
2006 American novels
Tor Books books | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stork%20Naked |
Air Apparent is the thirty-first book of the Xanth series by Piers Anthony, which was first mentioned in the "Author's Note" in Currant Events. Piers Anthony stated that notions from his readers have already been set aside for use in this installment in the same "Author's Note."
Plot introduction
Piers Anthony has stated that the book is set as a murder mystery. It has, typical for Xanth books, many puns. Readers also get a better understanding of the nature of Ida's moons. Air Apparent includes a character known as a Debra who is a 13-year-old girl who is constantly pressured to take off her bra. To De-Bra so to speak. She is based on a real girl. Debra Kawaguchi was a huge fan of the Xanth series and after her death in 2004, her father wrote Piers and asked him to include Debra in his cast of characters. After Piers explained to Debra's father that the only way he could think to include Debra in the book was through the De-Bra-ing pun, Mr. Kawaguchi agreed that Debra would have been delighted to be a character in Xanth and would have loved the pun. Piers mentions Mr. Kawaguchi in the author notes as the inspiration for Debra. Debra is depicted on the front cover of the hardback book as a flying centaur.
Review
"The Xanth books constitute Anthony's longest and most successful series . . . . They are intended to be kind-spirited, fun reading, a series of wondrous beasts and beings, and most of all, an endless succession of outrageous puns"—Lee Killough, Wichita Eagle
References
External links
About Air Apparent and the Xanth series at the publisher's official website
31
2007 American novels
Tor Books books | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Air%20Apparent |
Sierra Leone competed in the Summer Olympic Games for the first time at the 1968 Summer Olympics in Mexico City, Mexico.
Athletics
Men
Field events
Key
Note–Ranks given for track events are within the athlete's heat only
Q = Qualified for the next round
q = Qualified for the next round as a fastest loser or, in field events, by position without achieving the qualifying target
NR = National record
N/A = Round not applicable for the event
Bye = Athlete not required to compete in round
Boxing
Men
References
Official Olympic Reports
Nations at the 1968 Summer Olympics
1968
Summer Olympics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sierra%20Leone%20at%20the%201968%20Summer%20Olympics |
Thomas David Gibson-Carmichael, 1st Baron Carmichael, (18 March 1859 – 16 January 1926), known as Sir Thomas Gibson-Carmichael, 11th Baronet, between 1891 and 1912, was a Scottish Liberal politician and colonial administrator. He was also a keen naturalist.
Background and education
Born near Edinburgh, Scotland, Carmichael was the eldest son of Reverend Sir William Henry Gibson-Carmichael, 10th Baronet, and Eleanora Anne Anderson, daughter of David Anderson.
He was educated at the Wixenford House school of Cowley Powles, then near Eversley in Wixenford and St John's College, Cambridge. He succeeded his father as 11th Baronet in 1891.
Political career
Carmichael was Private Secretary to George Trevelyan and Lord Dalhousie, when Secretaries for Scotland. He unsuccessfully contested Peebles and Selkirk in 1892 but was successfully returned as Liberal Member of Parliament for Midlothian in 1895, succeeding William Ewart Gladstone. He continued to represent this constituency until the 1900 general election. During this period, Carmichael leased Malleny House and Garden. He developed the gardens, as well as organising decorative ironwork to be added to the garden.
Colonial Governor
Carmichael was appointed Governor of Victoria in 1908 and served from 27 July 1908 to 19 May 1911.
As governor, Carmichael permitted Victoria Premier Sir Thomas Bent who had lost a no-confidence vote on 3 December 1908 to dissolve the assembly and call for fresh elections. Thomas Bent, however, lost the elections and John Murray succeeded him as premier. A Royal Commission investigation was started in 1909 to inquire into the financial misappropriations made by Bent.
In 1911 Carmichael was appointed governor of Madras and served from 3 November 1911 to 30 March 1912. He was elected President of The Asiatic Society for 1913–15.
Honours
He was appointed a Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George in 1908, a Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire in 1911 and a Knight Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India in 1917. In 1912 he was raised to the peerage as Baron Carmichael, of Skirling in the County of Peebles. Sir Ashutosh Mukherjee created a post Carmichael Professor of Ancient Indian History and Culture, after his name. Carmichael College in Rangpur, Bangladesh is named after and was inaugurated by him in 1916.
Other public appointments
Carmichael was also Chairman of the Commissioners in Lunacy for Scotland from 1894 to 1897, a Trustee of the Board of Manufactures in Scotland from 1900, a Trustee of the National Portrait Gallery from 1904 to 1908 and of the National Gallery from 1906 to 1908 and again from 1923 to 1926. Between 1920 and 1926 he served as Lord Lieutenant of Peeblesshire.
In 1891 he founded the Scottish Beekeepers Association.
Freemasonry
He was a freemason. He was initiated, passed and raised within eight days of 1895 in the Dramatic and Arts Lodge No. 757. He became Worshipful Master of the Lodge in 1902 and served for two years. He was also appointed Senior Grand Deacon of the Grand Lodge of Scotland. Seven years later he became Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Scotland. When he was appointed Governor of Victoria, he resigned from Grand Master only to become almost immediately Grand Master of the Grand Lodge of Victoria.
Served as Provincial Grand Master of Midlothian 1904-1909.
Personal life
Lord Carmichael married the Hon. Mary Helen Elizabeth, daughter of Baron Albert Nugent, in 1886. They had no children. He died at 13 Portman Street, London, in January 1926, aged 66, and was buried at Skirling, Biggar, Lanarkshire. The barony became extinct on his death while he was succeeded in the baronetcy by his cousin, Henry Thomas Gibson-Craig. He was a keen amateur entomologist. During his career in India, he made a large collection of insects, mainly from the Darjeeling region, which he gave to the Indian Museum before leaving India. The damselfly species, Drepanosticta carmichaeli was named after him by Laidlaw in 1915.
References
Bibliography
External links
1859 births
1926 deaths
People educated at Wixenford School
Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
Gibson-Carmichael, Thomas
Gibson-Carmichael, Thomas
Gibson-Carmichael, Thomas
UK MPs who were granted peerages
Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Indian Empire
Knights Grand Commander of the Order of the Star of India
Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
Barons in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
111
Governors of Victoria (Australia)
British governors of Bengal
Lord-Lieutenants of Peeblesshire
Australian Freemasons
Masonic Grand Masters
Presidents of The Asiatic Society
Barons created by George V | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Gibson-Carmichael%2C%201st%20Baron%20Carmichael |
"Utopia" is an electronic song performed by British group Goldfrapp. The song was written and produced by Alison Goldfrapp and Will Gregory for the duo's debut album Felt Mountain (2000). It was released as the album's second single in November 2000. Although the song did not appear on the UK Singles Chart initially, it reached number 29 on the UK Indie Chart and found minor success in the Netherlands, debuting and peaking at number 94 in January 2001.
Alison Goldfrapp stated that the song deals with genetic engineering, which she compares to fascism.
Formats and track listings
CD & 12" single
"Utopia" (Original Mix) – 4:16
"Utopia" (New Ears Mix) – 3:08
"Utopia" (Sunroof Mix) – 7:37
Digital single (2018)
"Utopia" – 4:18
"Utopia" (New Ears Mix) – 3:10
"Utopia" (Sunroof Mix) – 7:37
"Utopia" (DNA Mix) – 4:20
"Utopia" (Plaid Remix) – 4:41
Charts
"Utopia (Genetically Enriched)"
"Utopia (Genetically Enriched)" is a remix of a song that was written and produced by Alison Goldfrapp and Will Gregory for the duo's debut album Felt Mountain (2000). It was released as the album's fourth single on 11 June 2001.
"Utopia (Genetically Enriched)" became Goldfrapp's first song to chart in their native United Kingdom. On the week of 17 June 2001, the song debuted on the UK Singles Chart at number 62 and reached a new peak of number eight on the UK Indie Chart.
Formats and track listings
CD single 1
"Utopia (Genetically Enriched)" – 3:50
"U.K. Girls (Physical)" – 4:50
"Human" (Live Version)* – 4:45
CD single 2
"Utopia" (Jori Hulkkonen Remix) – 6:17
"Utopia" (Tom Middleton Cosmos Vocal) – 8:17
"Utopia" (Tim Wright Remix) – 5:09
12-inch single
"Utopia" (Tom Middleton Cosmos Vocal) – 8:17
"Utopia" (Jori Hulkkonen Remix) – 6:17
"Utopia" (Tim Wright Remix) – 5:09
*Recorded at Ancienne Belgique, Brussels, 2 April 2001.
Digital single (2018)
"Utopia (Genetically Enriched)" – 3:50
"U.K. Girls (Physical)" – 4:50
"Human" (Live at Ancienne Belgique) – 4:45
"Horse Tears" (Live at Ancienne Belgique) – 5:37
"Utopia" (Jori Hulkkonen Remix) – 6:17
"Utopia" (Tom Middleton Cosmos Vocal) – 8:17
"Utopia" (Tim Wright Remix) – 5:09
"Utopia" (Tom Middleton Cosmos Acid Dub) – 7:19
Charts
References
2000 songs
2000 singles
2001 singles
Goldfrapp songs
Mute Records singles
Songs written by Alison Goldfrapp
Songs written by Will Gregory | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Utopia%20%28Goldfrapp%20song%29 |
Victory Square is a park in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada. The square is bordered by West Hastings Street to the northeast, West Pender Street to the southwest, Cambie Street to the southeast, and Hamilton Street to the northwest. The term is also used to refer to the neighbourhood immediately surrounding the square.
History
Victory Square was at one time the grounds of the city's provincial courthouse, which was torn down in 1911–13 when the new Francis Rattenbury-designed courthouse on Georgia Street was opened (now the Vancouver Art Gallery). The location had significance when it was chosen, as it stands at the intersection of the old Granville townsite (aka Gastown) and the CPR Townsite, which was the downtown-designated land grant obtained by the CPR as part of the deal to locate the terminus and thereby found the city (the corner of Hastings and Hamilton is the northern tip of the CPR Townsite). An area of out of the allotted to the CPR was held aside as "Government Square" on February 13, 1886. The southwest corner of Hamilton and Hastings Streets is where L. A. Hamilton drove the first survey stake to commence laying out the street system for the city. The Victory Square Cenotaph was unveiled on 27 April 1924
Boyd & Clendenning were contracted by the CPR to begin felling the forest at a rate of and an extra for lopping off large branches. A tangled mass soon built up to thick that was to be the kindling for the great fire that leveled the townsite.
It was down the park's hillside that the clearing crews of the CPR entered Gastown a few steps ahead of the firestorm that destroyed the city on June 13, 1886, heading for their quarters in the Regina Hotel at Cambie and Water where they had themselves stored water and wetted blankets as safety precaution (it was the only building in that part of the city to survive the fire). Until that year, however, the site of Victory Square as with all of the downtown peninsula outside of Gastown had been dense west coast rainforest, with trees standing in dark, thick groves hundreds of feet high and also a small creek (now vanished).
During the old courthouse's tenure the vicinity was the hub of the city's financial and legal district, with the Vancouver curb exchange operating just across Hastings Street, mostly in a passageway cutting the corner diagonally behind the Astor Hotel (see photos in External links). The Inns of Court, a ramshackle and infamously leaky (if decorative) structure on the west side of Courthouse Square, was the location of adjutant legal services and offices connected to the Court House. The Oddfellows Hall and what is now the Army, Navy and Air Force Veterans Hall still stand further south (uphill) along Hamilton Street from where the Inns of Court used to be (now a modernist bank-cum-film studio). Most of the original main branches of the major banks were within the next few blocks west along Hastings, which in both directions was the hub of the city's shopping district until the completion of Pacific Centre in the 1970s, which severed the old pedestrian link between Woodward's, a block east of Victory Square, and Eaton's, two blocks west (now the SFU Harbour Centre campus). On the south side of Victory Square originally stood the Central School, which later became the original Vancouver Community College (then named Vancouver College), adjacent to which was the city's original main hospital (both were in a brickwork Gothic style).
Even once it was known that the courthouse was to be demolished, major construction continued to line the square where it had been. The Province, Sun and Dominion Buildings went up in rapid succession in the last years of the courthouse's existence, and remain today, although no longer as newspaper buildings. The maple trees on the Pender Street side of the park are the oldest street trees in the city, planted in 1897.
Victory Square Cenotaph
On the northern side of the square, on a plaza flanking Hastings Street, lies the Vancouver war memorial, the Victory Square Cenotaph. The cenotaph is approximately tall, and is a triangular edifice whose shape conforms to that of the square. The pillar is of Nelson Island granite engraved with suitable inscriptions, and is kept continuously banked high with wreaths of flowers and adorned with national flags.
The cenotaph was unveiled by William Reid Owen, Mayor of Vancouver, in the presence of an assemblage of 25,000 persons; naval, military and civilian, and including the Old Contemptibles, 7th British Columbia, 29th Vancouver, 72nd Seaforths, 2nd Canadian Mounted Rifles, 47th New Westminster, and 102nd North British Columbian Battalions, CEF, and others, on 27 April 1924. It was dedicated by Major Cecil C. Owen, chaplain of the 29th (Vancouver) Battalion, CEF.
The 24th Psalm was read by Lieutenant-Colonel G.O. Fallis, of the Methodist Church, and the music included "O Canada" (Buchan); "O God, Our Help in Ages Past"; "Lochaber No More" (bagpipes); "For All the Saints"; "Last Post" and "God Save the King". The first wreath, being the tribute of the Corporation and Citizens of Vancouver, was placed by W.R. Owen, wife of the mayor.
The ornamentations on the stone include one long sword and two wreaths, one of laurels, the other of poppies; both entwined with maple leaves. A stone replica of the steel helmet, as used in the war of 1914–1918, adorns three corner buttresses. A larger wreath of laurels surrounds the numerals "1914–1918" at the base of the front. Slots in a receptacle of three bronze maple leaves hold the staffs of the Union Jack, the Canadian Red Ensign, the Flag of Canada, the White Ensign, and RCAF Ensign, always flying, which are placed there by the Royal Canadian Legion and the Royal Commonwealth Ex-Services League, and renewed four times each year.
Of the monument faces; one side faces Hastings Street, the others Pender and Hamilton Streets, and was designed thus by Major G.L. Thornton Sharp, architect, town planner, and park commissioner, to conform to the triangular shape of the park. It is so placed that, when approached from the east, it appears in the distance centrally at the end of busy Hastings Street. The granite was supplied by the Vancouver Granite Co., Ltd., and the erecting contractors were Stewart and Wylie. Stewart died from the effects of an accident whilst preparing the memorial. The Vancouver War Memorial Committee of 24, of which 12 represented the Canadian Club of Vancouver, and 12 the Civic War Memorial Committee, the whole under the chairmanship of F.W. Rounsefell, pioneer, and with J.R.V. Dunlop, of the Canadian Club, as honorary secretary, were the public-spirited sponsors. The cenotaph cost $10,666.
The engraved inscriptions are:
Facing Hastings Street: "Their name liveth for evermore" and, within a stone wreath, "1914–1918".
Facing Hamilton Street: "Is it nothing to you".
Facing Pender Street: "All ye that pass by".
The first, commencing "Their name", is from Sirach, Chapter 44, Verse 14.
The second, commencing "Is it nothing", from Lamentations, Chapter 1, Verse 12.
The third side represents the continuation of the verse from Lamentations.
In his valedictory address, Major Owen said:
"Those whose sacrifices this Cenotaph commemorates, were among the men who, at call of King and Country, left all that was dear, endured hardship, faced danger, and finally passed out of the sight of men by the path of duty, giving their own lives that others might live in freedom. Let those who come after see to it that their names be not forgotten."
The Cenotaph continues to be the focus of the city's annual Remembrance Day services.
The site of the Cenotaph is significant because it was at tables at the foot of the old courthouse steps where men signed up for the First World War in 1914—which was symbolic for the enlistees because of the strong royalist sentiment in the city, as it was on the courthouse steps where the main ceremonials of the various royal visits to Vancouver had taken place. The courthouse was the location of many official ceremonies, particularly the royal visits of the Duke and Duchess of Cornwall and York in 1901 and the Prince Arthur, Duke of Connaught and Strathearn in 1912.
References
External links
BC Archives Photo: Old Courthouse, January 1896
BC Archives Photo: Old Courthouse, c.1905
http://www.cdli.ca/monuments/bc/victory.htm
Canadian military memorials and cemeteries
Historic districts in Canada
Monuments and memorials in British Columbia
Neighbourhoods in Vancouver
Parks in Vancouver
Squares in Vancouver
World War I memorials in Canada
Monuments and memorials in Vancouver | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victory%20Square%2C%20Vancouver |
The Cannone da 75/46 C.A. modello 34 was a mobile Italian anti-aircraft gun used during World War II. The designation means it had a caliber of 75 mm, the barrel was 46 caliber-lengths long and it was accepted in service in 1934.
History
The gun shows the influence of contemporary Vickers designs such as the Model 1931, and was a sound and orthodox design. As production was both late in starting and slow in being carried out, by 1942 only 226 of the 240 ordered had been delivered. This meant that older, obsolete AA guns had to be kept in service even though their efficacy was minimal, and also that its production continued in parallel with the newer and better performing Cannone da 90/53. In addition to the mobile modello 34 a static mount the Cannone da 75/46 C.A. modello 40 was produced. Production of the model was also slow and only 45 of the 240 ordered were delivered.
Assigned both to field units and to batteries protecting the Italian territory, it was also used on the Eastern front and in the Tunisian Campaign as an anti-tank gun (in which capacity it was also fitted to the Semovente da 75/46 self-propelled gun). Its performance was considered good in both roles, especially in the latter, with its AP shell that could pierce of armor at ), but it was never available in numbers.
After the Italian Armistice, the Wehrmacht captured some of these guns, and employed them with the designation 7.5 cm Flak 264/3(i), while modello 40 guns were given the designation 7.5 cm Flak 264/4(i)
See also
Italian Army equipment in World War II
Cannone da 90/53 - another contemporary Italian anti-aircraft gun
References
Bibliography
Artillery by Chris Chant, published by Amber Books,
The Encyclopedia of Weapons of World War II, Barnes and Noble Ltd. (1998),
World War II artillery of Italy
World War II anti-aircraft guns
Anti-aircraft guns of Italy
75 mm artillery
Gio. Ansaldo & C. artillery
Military equipment introduced in the 1930s | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannone%20da%2075/46%20C.A.%20modello%2034 |
Deception was to be the last album released by the British new wave band The Colourfield. During the recording of the album Karl Shale left during the sessions. Terry Hall has since voiced his displeasure with the recording of the album because he did not feel he had the control of the session musicians and producers the way he needed to preserve The Colourfield’s sound.
Release
Deception was much less successful than its predecessor Virgins and Philistines, and only reached #95 in the UK. It was promoted by two singles, both cover versions. The first, "Running Away", a cover of the Sly and the Family Stone hit, made #84, and the second single, "She" (originally performed by The Monkees) didn't chart at all.
In 2010, the album along with Virgins and Philistines was re-released on CD in the UK by Cherry Red Records with additional bonus tracks.
Track listing
All tracks written by Terry Hall and Toby Lyons; except as indicated.
Personnel
The Colourfield
Terry Hall - all instruments and voices
Toby Lyons - all instruments and voices
Additional personnel
Gregg Mangiafico – keyboards
Sammy Merendino – drum programming
Roland Orzabal - guitar on "Running Away" and "Confession"
Dolette McDonald, Deborah Malone, Janice Pendarvis - backing vocals on "Digging It Deep"
References
1987 albums
The Colourfield albums
Albums produced by Richard Gottehrer
Chrysalis Records albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deception%20%28album%29 |
Pekka Heino (born 17 July 1961) is a television host and presenter from Turku (Åbo). He is a Sweden Finn. Heino introduces television programmes as a continuity announcer on the Swedish channel SVT, where he has been working on and off since 1985. He has also hosted a number of Swedish television shows, including the popular SVT quiz show Röda tråden, and has commentated on the Eurovision Song Contest several years for Sweden. During the summer of 2010, Heino hosted the morning show Gomorron Sverige on SVT. It was announced in December 2010 that Heino would host the SVT programme Gokväll together with Inger Ljung.
Heino is openly gay.
References
Swedish television personalities
Swedish people of Finnish descent
Finnish LGBT entertainers
Swedish LGBT entertainers
Gay entertainers
Finnish LGBT broadcasters
Finnish gay men
Swedish gay men
People from Turku
1961 births
Living people
Eurovision commentators | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pekka%20Heino%20%28television%20presenter%29 |
Steve Weisberg (born 1963 in Norfolk, Virginia, United States) is an American composer, pianist, recording artist, and producer. In the 1980s, after studying with Michael Gibbs at Berklee College in Boston, Massachusetts, he recorded the XtraWatt/ECM release "I Can't Stand Another Night Alone (In Bed With You)," produced by Carla Bley and Steve Swallow, recorded and performed with Karen Mantler and her Cat Arnold, and contributed arrangements for Hal Willner's Lost in the Stars: The Music of Kurt Weill (A&M). He was also a member of infamous Boston band Sons of Sappho. In addition, he has contributed music to the films Atlas Shrugged - Part 1, Things to Do in Denver When You're Dead, Don't Say a Word, Impostor, Runaway Jury, Bewitched, the 2006 documentary The Ground Truth, Step Brothers, The Express: The Ernie Davis Story, and the documentary Banner On The Moon.
He spent the 1990s performing with Flamin' Amy Coleman and acting as musical director for off-off-Broadway musicals, including a 1995 run at La MaMa in New York City's East Village with the critically acclaimed original musical, "The House of Nancy Dunn" (co-written with Andrew Craft, JJ Hickey, and Howard Pflanzer).
Weisberg re-emerged in 2002 to arrange for Hal Willner's Stormy Weather: The Music of Harold Arlen (Sony). He moved to Los Angeles in 2003, and in 2004 continued to act as musical director/arranger for two Hal Willner events: "Shock & Awe: The Music of Randy Newman," featuring Los Lobos, Howard Tate, Gavin Friday, Victoria Williams, Vic Chesnutt, Stan Ridgway, and Van Dyke Parks, and "Let's Eat: A Tribute to The Firesign Theater," featuring John Goodman, George Wendt, Howard Hesseman, Todd Rundgren, Loudon Wainwright III, Chloe Webb, and David Thomas (Pere Ubu).
In 2006, he produced the critically acclaimed studio release Portrait of Howard by 60's soul legend Howard Tate, which features Lou Reed, Carla Bley, Larry Goldings, Pete Thomas and Davey Faragher of Elvis Costello fame, along with a 20-piece orchestra.
In 2007, he acted as musical director and arranger for Perla Batalla's "The Gospel According to Leonard Cohen," an all-star tribute concert in Los Angeles including Jackson Browne, Michael McDonald, Howard Tate, Bill Frisell, and Jill Sobule.
In 2010, he was musical director for the 30th Anniversary Celebration of the Solidarity Movement founded by Lech Walesa in Gdansk, Poland with artistic director Robert Wilson and music producer Hal Willner, and featuring Macy Gray, Marianne Faithfull, Rufus Wainwright, and Angelique Kidjo. In addition, he produced tracks for 'operapper' Reggie Bennett (a classically trained baritone singer and rapper) creating a new genre combining hip-hop and operatic style singing.
His string arrangements can be heard on the song "Even Now Part One" by Diego Clare.
References
External links
Steve Weisberg Discography at ECM
1963 births
20th-century American male musicians
20th-century American pianists
21st-century American male musicians
21st-century American pianists
American film score composers
American male film score composers
American male pianists
Living people
Musicians from Norfolk, Virginia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve%20Weisberg |
Ignazio (or Egnazio) Danti, O.P. (April 1536 – 10 October 1586), born Pellegrino Rainaldi Danti, was an Italian Roman Catholic prelate, mathematician, astronomer, and cosmographer, who served as Bishop of Alatri (1583–1586).
Early life
Danti was born in Perugia in 1536 to a family of artists and scientists. As a boy he learned the rudiments of painting and architecture from his father Giulio, an architect and engineer who studied under Antonio da Sangallo, and his aunt Teodora, who was said to have studied under the painter Perugino and also wrote a commentary on Euclid. His older brother Vincenzo Danti became one of the leading court sculptors of late-sixteenth-century Florence, while his younger brother Girolamo Danti (1547–1580) became a local painter.
Danti entered the Dominican Order on 7 March 1555, changing his baptismal name from Pellegrino to Ignazio. After completing his studies in philosophy and theology he spent some time preaching but soon devoted himself zealously to mathematics, astronomy, and geography.
In Florence
In 1562, he requested a transfer from the Dominican compound in Perugia to the monastery of San Marco in Florence. Soon after, he found work on the side tutoring the children of wealthy Florentines in mathematics and science. In September 1563, he was invited by Cosimo I, Duke of Tuscany to participate in his cosmographical project, the Guardaroba in the Palazzo Vecchio. Over the next dozen years, Danti painted 30 maps of regions of the world (based largely upon published prints by Giacomo Gastaldi, Abraham Ortelius, Gerardus Mercator, and others) upon the cabinet doors of the Guardaroba. He also worked on many other significant scientific and cosmographic projects in Florence, including the large terrestrial globe of the Guardaroba (1564–1568), and a number of brass scientific instruments (such as an astrolabe) today in the Museo Galileo in Florence. Between 1567 and 1569, Pius V, who belonged to the Dominicans, is said to have commissioned Danti to furnish plans for the construction of a Dominican church and convent at Bosco Marengo in Piedmont; Danti acted mainly as an adviser. During his stay in Florence, Danti taught mathematics and published a number of scientific treatises, mostly commentaries on ancient and medieval astronomy and mathematics or explanations of how to use scientific instruments.
For much of his time in Florence, Danti resided at the convent of Santa Maria Novella, and designed the quadrant and the armillary sphere that appear on the end blind arches of the lower facade of the church in 1572 and 1574, on the right and left respectively. He also designed a large-scale gnomon for the church which allowed a thin beam of light to enter the church at noon each day through a hole just beneath the facade's rose window, although it probably was not completed by the time Danti left Florence.
In 1574, Danti used his instruments to calculate the time of the March equinox, an important date for calculating the date of Easter. He discovered that it was 11 days out, falling on the 11 March rather than the 22 March, and he became a leading figure in proposing the reforms that lead to the adoption of the Gregorian calendar in 1582.
There were also discussions between the Duke and Danti about building a canal to place Florence in communication with both the Mediterranean and the Adriatic. However, this ambitious plan was not started before Cosimo's death in 1574. In late September the following year, Cosimo's son, Grand Duke Francesco de' Medici, compelled Danti to leave Florence. It is not known precisely why Francesco exiled Danti, but the Dominican had no trouble finding work or patrons anywhere else in Italy, although he never returned to Florence.
Later life and bishopric
After leaving Florence, Danti became a professor of mathematics at the University of Bologna. While there he built a massive gnomon in the Bolognese church of San Petronio, the meridian line of which is still visible on the church's pavement. He also spent some time in Perugia, at the invitation of the governor, where he prepared maps of the Perugian republic.
On account of his mathematical skills, Pope Gregory XIII invited him to Rome, appointed him pontifical mathematician and made him a member of the commission for the reform of the calendar. He also placed him in charge of the painters whom the Pope had summoned to the Vatican to continue the decoration of the palace, most notably to make a number of maps of the regions of modern Italy in the newly constructed Gallery of Maps along the Cortile del Belvedere. This project, begun in early 1580 and completed about 18 months later, mapped the entirety of the Italian peninsula in 40 large-scale frescoes, each depicting a region as well as a perspective view of its most prominent city.
When the pontiff commissioned the architect Domenico Fontana to repair the Claudian harbour at Portus, it was Danti who furnished the necessary plans. While at Rome Danti published a translation of a portion of Euclid with annotations and wrote a life of the architect Jacopo Barozzi da Vignola, preparing also notes for the latter's work on perspective. In 1583, in recognition of his work, Gregory made him Bishop of Alatri in the Campagna. He was appointed on 14 November 1583, and consecrated as bishop on 30 November 1583 by Giovanni Antonio Facchinetti de Nuce, Patriarch of Jerusalem. with Giovanni Battista Santorio, Bishop of Alife, and Gerolamo Mazzarelli, Bishop of Nona, serving as co-consecrators.
Danti showed himself a zealous pastor in his new office. As Bishop of Alatri, Danti convoked a diocesan synod, corrected many abuses, and showed great solicitude for the poor. While bishop, he was the principal co-consecrator of Marco Pedacca, Bishop of Lacedonia (1584); and Basilio Gradi, Bishop of Stagno (1584). Shortly before his death Pope Sixtus V summoned him to Rome to assist in the erection of the grand obelisk in the piazza of the Vatican.
Besides the works already mentioned, Danti was the author of Trattato del'uso e della fabbrica dell'astrolabo con la giunta del planifero del Raja; Le Scienze matematiche ridotte in tavole, also a revised and annotated edition of La Sfera di Messer G. Sacrobosco tradotta da Pier Vincenzio Danti. The first mentioned work deals with the use and construction of the astrolabe and is one of the oldest instructions for scientific instruments. Danti wrote the first Italian treatise on this topic to accompany the book.
Danti died at Alatri on 10 October 1586, three years into his service.
Works
See also
List of Roman Catholic scientist-clerics
References
External links and additional sources
(for Chronology of Bishops)
Egnatio Danti, Les deux règles de la perspective pratique de Vignole, 1583, Pascal Dubourg Glatigny, Paris, 2003, .
Mark Rosen, The Mapping of Power in Renaissance Italy (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2015).
Online Galleries, History of Science Collections, University of Oklahoma Libraries High resolution images of works by and/or portraits of Ignazio Danti in .jpg and .tiff format.
1536 births
1586 deaths
People from Perugia
16th-century Italian mathematicians
16th-century Italian cartographers
16th-century Italian astronomers
Italian Dominicans
16th-century Italian Roman Catholic bishops
Bishops in Lazio
Catholic clergy scientists
Italian scientific instrument makers
Bishops appointed by Pope Gregory XIII | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ignazio%20Danti |
The Crimea Germans () were ethnic German settlers who were invited to settle in the Crimea as part of the East Colonization.
History
From 1783 onwards, there was a systematic settlement of Russians, Ukrainians, and Germans to the Crimean Peninsula (in what was then the Crimean Khanate) in order to weaken the Crimean Tatar population.
The first planned settlements of Germans in Crimea were founded over 1805–1810 with the support of Czar Alexander I. The first settlements were:
Friedental – in the district of Simferopol; formed in 1806 by Lutherans
Heilbrunn – in the district of Feodosiya; formed in 1809 by Lutherans
Kronental – in the district of Simferopol; formed in 1810 by Lutherans and Catholics
Neusatz – in the district of Simferopol; formed in 1806 by Lutherans
Rosental – in the district of Simferopol; formed in 1806 by Catholics
Staryj Krim (old Crimea) – in the district Feodosiya; formed in 1805 by Lutherans and Catholics
Sudak – in the district of Feodosiya; formed in 1805 by Lutherans
Zuerichtal – in the district of Feodosiya; formed in 1805 by Swiss and Lutherans
All of these early colonies were located in the Yayla-mountains of Crimea and were mostly Swabian wine-farmers. However over time only Sudak produced quality wine and the other settlements soon turned to agriculture. The second generation didn't have enough land and soon young men started buying land from the Russian aristocracy and creating new ("daughter") colonies.
Later Mennonites began to move from Ukraine into Crimea.
Details are vague but during the 19th century a "German hospital" and dispensary arose in the Simferopol suburb of Nowyj gorod (called Neustadt or new city—now this is Kyivskyi District of Simferopol).
Soviet Persecution
On 18 October 1921, the so-called Crimean Autonomous Soviet Socialist Republic was created as part of the Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic (i.e. part of Russia). In place of today Krasnohvardiiske Raion there were created two national districts for Germans Biyuk-Onlar and Telman. Under the Soviet regime many Volksdeutsche were persecuted by gangs of Russian peasants as landowning Kulaks or class enemy bourgeoisie. In 1939, two years before their deportation to Central Asia, around 60,000 of the 1.1 million inhabitants of Crimea were German and "they had their own administrative raion in the Crimean Republic.".
Exiles dispersed all over the world. In Canada, Reynold Rapp, a farmer and Lutheran immigrant from the Crimea, became a Progressive Conservative Member of Parliament. A strong supporter of the British heritage of freedom in his adoptive country, Rapp opposed the replacement of the Canadian Red Ensign with a new Maple leaf flag in 1964. He told reporters: "I may be the only man in this House who has lived under the Hammer & Sickle. A flag is not just a bunting: it represents so much more than that."
Nazi invasion, deportation and exile
In late 1941, following the Axis invasion of the western regions of the USSR, Soviet authorities forcibly removed almost 53,000 native Germans of Crimea eastwards to Siberia and Central Asia on entirely spurious allegations that they were spies for the Third Reich. Consequently, many died in transit, although later they could not be seriously blamed for Nazi crimes in the region.
"Stalin had no doubts about the loyalty of the ethnic German minority. He considered them all potential traitors, and in line with his inherent "Great Russian" chauvinism, had already decided to deport the entire community to internal exile in case of war. Therefore, when Nazi Germany invaded the Soviet Union on June 22, 1941, a decision was made by Stalin to evacuate all ethnic Germans from the Western Regions of the Soviet Union. The first evacuations, which, in reality, were expulsions, as the inhabitants were never allowed to return to their homes, were decreed by the Supreme Soviet already on June 22. Action to deport every ethnic German from the Crimea began on August 15. Although the decree stated that old people would not have to leave, everyone was expelled—first to Stavropol, and then Rostov in Southern Ukraine, near Crimea; but then all were sent on to forced labor camps and special settlements in Kazakhstan, Central Asia. The deportees were not told where they were going, how long they would stay there and how much food to take; they were given only three or four hours to pack. The result was starvation for many and, due to the confusion, the separation of a large number of families. In all, as many as 60,000 ethnic Germans were expelled from the Crimea at this time."
It is unclear whether any Crimea Germans remained at all during the Nazi occupation—German policy involved evacuating all surviving Soviet Volksdeutsche to settlements in Poland. The Nazi Generalkommissar for Crimea, the Austrian Alfred Frauenfeld, toyed with the idea of resettling ethnic Germans (Volksdeutsche) here from Italian South Tyrol after the war, and several cities of the envisaged Gotengau were renamed with spurious German names (Simferopol became Gotenburg and Sevastopol became Theodorichhafen for example).
Perestroika and post-Soviet times
Crimean Germans were only allowed to return to the peninsula after Perestroika. The German reunification brought a rebirth of Crimean-German culture and, in 1994, they had a small representation in the Crimean Parliament.
The 1991 RSFSR law On the Rehabilitation of Repressed Peoples addressed rehabilitation of all ethnicities repressed in the Soviet Union. However the law had various deficiencies, including unclear legal status of a number of peoples, such as Crimean Tatars and Crimean Germans moved across the borders of Soviet republics, after the dissolution of the Soviet Union. After the annexation of Crimea by Russia, on April 21, 2014 Vladimir Putin signed the decree No 268 "О мерах по реабилитации армянского, болгарского, греческого, крымско-татарского и немецкого народов и государственной поддержке их возрождения и развития". ("On the Measures for the Rehabilitation of Armenian, Bulgarian, Greek, Crimean Tatar and German Peoples and the State Support of Their Revival and Development"), amended by Decree no. 458 of September 12, 2015. The decree addressed the status of the mentioned peoples which resided in Crimean ASSR and were deported from there.
See also
History of Germans in Russia and the Soviet Union
Black Sea Germans
Spätaussiedler (de)
Catherine II of Russia
Crimean Goths
References
Further reading
External links
Germans from Russia Settlement Locations Google Map
German diaspora by country
Ethnic groups in Crimea
Forced migration in the Soviet Union
Ethnic cleansing in Europe | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crimea%20Germans |
Alexander the Great is a board wargame first published by Guidon Games in 1971 that simulates the Battle of Arbela in 331 BCE, also known as the Battle of Gaugamela. A revised edition was published by Avalon Hill in 1974. Both editions of the game were notable for having what one critic described as "one of the ugliest maps ever to curse a war game."
Background
Alexander the Great's victory over Darius III of Persia at the Battle of Issus in 333 BCE gave Alexander control of the western half of the Persian Empire. While Darius retreated to Babylon to regroup, Alexander's Macedonian army went on to conquer the Levant and Egypt. In 331 BCE, the Persians and Macedonians met again at the small village of Gaugamela to determine the fate of the Persian Empire.
Description
Alexander the Great is a two-player game in which one player controls the Macedonians and the other controls the forces of Persia.
Gameplay
The game uses die-cut counters and a hex grid map common to wargames of this era. Pieces represent infantry, cavalry, phalanx formations, various ranged weapons troops, chariots, and elephants.
The movement and combat mechanics use a simple "I Go, You Go" system, where one player moves and attacks, followed by the other player.
A unique feature of the game is a sliding morale track to determine which combat results table is used for combat resolution.
Publication history
Alexander the Great was designed by Gary Gygax in the days before he co-founded TSR, when he was working as a freelance game designer for Guidon Games. The game was published by Guidon in 1971, and was followed in 1972 by the supplement Alexander's Other Battles, which provided additional counters and maps for the battles of Granicus, Issus, and the Hydaspes.
The following year, when Guidon went out of business, Avalon Hill acquired the rights to the game, and Gygax worked with Donald Greenwood to revise a second edition of the game, which was published by Avalon Hill in 1974.
Reception
In the inaugural issue of Phoenix, John Norris said this game has "the best army morale system I have ever seen in a board game, which reduces the effectiveness of troops as it declines in stages." However, Norris noted "Unfortunately the game does not allow one to recreate Alexander's battle plan at all, or the Persian one, for that matter. This is because of a series of flaws in design."
In his 1977 book The Comprehensive Guide to Board Wargaming, Nicholas Palmer made note of "the violent green mapboard, which some find exciting and other off-putting." Although he thought it was "Quite easy to learn," he warned that "Lack of terrain concentrates attention on tactical duels and morale levels." In his 1980 sequel, The Best of Board Wargaming, Palmer added "The first player to give ground will find it quite hard to recover." He concluded by giving the game an "excitement" grade of only 50%, and a rules clarity grade of 70%, saying, "The game was one of the earliest to import miniatures concepts into board wargaming."
In the 1980 book The Complete Book of Wargames, game designer Jon Freeman also noted the map, calling it "a lime-gelatin-and-chocolate-pudding parfait [...] one of the uglier maps around." But he thought, other than the map, that "Alexander the Great is not a bad game [...] the battle doesn't have too much period flavor, but it is a reasonably evenly matched engagement." He concluded by giving the game an overall evaluation of "Good", saying, "it is difficult to re-create a battle such as Arbela on a small-unit, small scale map without washing out most of the interest."
Martin Campion thought that the game was "a fair representation of an ancient battle and has a larger number than usual of intriguing and innovative design features."
In a retrospective review in Issue 14 of Simulacrum, David Chancellor commented, "Alexander the Great is commonly recognized as having one of the ugliest maps ever to curse a war game. A hideous blend of green, gold and orange, it looks like the results of an exceptionally nasty LSD trip. Players have been known to skip this game to avoid having to look at the map."
Other reviews and commentary
Panzerfaust #55 & #59
Campaign #88
Fire & Movement #22
Phoenix #12
Strategy & Tactics #214
Games & Puzzles #52
References
External links
Avalon Hill games
Board games about history
Board games introduced in 1971
Board wargames set in Ancient history
Cultural depictions of Alexander the Great
Don Greenwood games
Gary Gygax games
Guidon Games games | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20the%20Great%20%28board%20game%29 |
Historical institutionalism (HI) is a new institutionalist social science approach that emphasizes how timing, sequences and path dependence affect institutions, and shape social, political, economic behavior and change. Unlike functionalist theories and some rational choice approaches, historical institutionalism tends to emphasize that many outcomes are possible, small events and flukes can have large consequences, actions are hard to reverse once they take place, and that outcomes may be inefficient. A critical juncture may set in motion events that are hard to reverse, because of issues related to path dependency. Historical institutionalists tend to focus on history (longer temporal horizons) to understand why specific events happen.
The term "Historical Institutionalism" began appearing in publications in the early 1990s, although it had been used in the late 1980s. The most widely cited historical institutionalist scholars are Peter Hall, Paul Pierson, Theda Skocpol, Douglass North, and Kathleen Thelen. Prominent works of historical institutionalist scholarship have used both sociological and rationalist methods. Due to a focus on events involving causal complexity (equifinality, complex interaction effects and path dependency), historical institutionalist works tend to employ detailed comparative case studies.
Old and new institutionalism
Kathleen Thelen and Sven Steinmo contrast New Institutionalism with "Old Institutionalism", which was overwhelmingly focused on detailed narratives of institutions, with little focus on comparative analyses. Thus, the Old Institutionalism was unhelpful for comparative research and explanatory theory. This "Old Institutionalism" began to be undermined when scholars increasingly highlighted how the formal rules and administrative structures of institutions were not accurately describing the behavior of actors and policy outcomes.
Works, such as Karl Polanyi's The Great Transformation, Theda Skocpol's States and Social Revolutions, Philippe Schmitter's Still a Century of Corporatism?, Barrington Moore's Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy, and Evans, Ruschemeyer and Skocpol's Bringing the State Back In have been characterized as precursors to Historical Institutionalism, spawning a new research program.
Historical institutionalism is a predominant approach in research on the welfare state. In the field of International Relations, John Ikenberry's After Victory and Abraham Newman's Protectors of Privacy are prominent works of historical institutionalist scholarship.
The treatment of history
Unlike most western scholars who preceded them, including classical liberals, classical Marxists, empiricists, dialectical thinkers and positivists, historical institutionalists do not accept that history necessarily develops in a straightforward, linear fashion. Instead, they examine the conditions under which a particular trajectory was followed and not others, a phenomenon that Gabriel Almond refers to as the "historical cure". As a consequence, specifying why particular paths were not taken is as important as specifying the actual trajectory of history.
As opposed to the old institutionalists, they postulate that history will not necessarily lead to a "happy" outcome (i.e. "fascism or democracy as the end of history").
Historical institutionalist works tend to reject functionalist accounts of institutions. Therefore, they are suspicious of explanations for the emergence of institutions that work backwards from the functions of institutions to their origins. Historical institutionalists tend to see origins behind the creation of institutions as the result of conflict and contestation, which then gets locked in and persists, even if the circumstances that resulted in the institution change.
Mechanisms of institutional stability
The concept of path dependence is essential to historical institutionalist analyses. Due to path dependence, institutions may have considerable stability and "stickiness", even in situations when the institutional leads to suboptimal arrangements. For Paul Pierson, path dependence entails that “outcomes at a ‘critical juncture’ trigger feedback mechanisms [negative or positive] that reinforce the recurrence of a particular pattern into the future.” Thus, path dependence makes it harder to reverse once a certain path has been taken, because there are increased costs to switching from the path. These paths may lead to outcomes are inefficient, but nonetheless persist, because of the costs involved in making substantial overhauls. An example of this is the QWERTY keyboard layout, which was efficient for typewriters to prevent jams in the 19th century and was implemented in computer keyboards in the 20th century. However, the QWERTY keyboard is arguably not as efficient as a computer keyboard could be, but the keyboard layout has persisted over time due to the costs involved in overhauling computer keyboards. Jacob Hacker and Paul Pierson argue that other approaches to institutions may fall guilty of treating politics as if it were the film Groundhog Day where each day the participants just start over; in reality, past politics and policy legacies shape the interests, incentives, power and organizational abilities of political actors.
According to Paul Pierson, the following factors contribute to institutional stability:
Large setup costs: actors may stick with existing institutions because there are large setup costs associated with creating new ones
Learning effects: actors may stick with existing institutions because it is costly to learn about procedures and processes in new institutions
Coordination effects: actors may stick with existing institutions because it is too complex to coordinate multiple actors into creating new institutions
Adaptive expectations: actors may expend resources on an institution over another because it is likely to stay or become the dominant institution
These factors entail that actors have devoted resources into developing certain institution-specific skills and are unlikely to expend resources on alternative institutions.
A related crux of historical institutionalism is that temporal sequences matter: outcomes depend upon the timing of exogenous factors (such as inter-state competition or economic crisis) in relation to particular institutional configurations (such as the level of bureaucratic professionalism or degree of state autonomy from class forces). For example, Theda Skocpol suggests that the democratic outcome of the English Civil War was a result of the fact that the comparatively weak English Crown lacked the military capacity to fight the landed upper-class. In contrast, the rise of rapid industrialization and fascism in Prussia when faced with international security threats was because the Prussian state was a “highly bureaucratic and centralized agrarian state” composed by “men closely ties to landed notables”. Thomas Ertman, in his account of state building in medieval and early modern Europe, argues that variations in the type of regime built in Europe during this period can be traced to one macro-international factor and two historical institutional factors. At the macro-structural level, the “timing of the onset of sustained geopolitical competition” created an atmosphere of insecurity that appeared best addressed by consolidating state power. The timing of the onset of competition is critical for Ertman's explanation. States that faced competitive pressures early had to consolidate through patrimonial structures, since the development of modern bureaucratic techniques had not yet arrived. States faced with competitive pressures later on the other hand, could take advantage of advancements in training and knowledge to promote a more technically oriented civil service.
An important element to historical institutionalism is that it may cement certain distributions of power or increase asymmetries of power through policy feedbacks, "lock in" effects and stickiness. For example, France has a permanent seat on the UN Security Council because of its power and status at the end of World War II, yet it would likely not get a permanent seat if the UN Security Council were re-designed decades later.
Mechanisms of institutional change
Historical institutionalists have identified major shocks, such as wars and revolutions, as important factors that lead to institutional change because those shocks create "critical junctures" whereby certain path dependencies get created. One prominent account in this vein is John Ikenberry's work on international orders which argues that after major wars, the dominant powers set up world orders that are favorable to their interests.
Aside from shocks, historical institutionalists have also identified numerous factors that subtly lead to institutional change. These include:
Layering: grafting new rules onto old rules
Displacement: when relevant actors leave existing institutions and go to new or alternative institutions
Conversion: old rules are reinterpreted and redirected to apply to new goals, functions and purposes
Drift: old rules fail to apply to situations that they were intended for because of changing social conditions
Exhaustion: an institution overextends itself to the point that it does not have the capacity to fulfill its purposes and ultimately breaks down
As part of these subtle changes, there may be widespread noncompliance with the formal rules of an institution, prompting change. There may also be shifts in the balance of power between the social coalitions that comprise the institution.
Reception
Historical institutionalism is not a unified intellectual enterprise (see also new institutionalism). Some scholars are oriented towards treating history as the outcome of rational and purposeful behavior based on the idea of equilibrium (see rational choice). They rely heavily on quantitative approaches and formal theory. Others, more qualitative oriented scholars, reject the idea of rationality and instead emphasize the idea that randomness and accidents matter in political and social outcomes. There are unsolvable epistemological differences between both approaches. However given the historicity of both approaches, and given their focus on institutions, both can fall under "historical institutionalism".
Munck argues that work that emphasizes critical junctures as causes has two problems: (i) the problem of infinite regress (the notion that the cause of events can constantly be pushed back further in time), and (ii) the problem of distal non-recurring causes (convincingly arguing that a distant non-recurring event caused a much later event).
Avner Greif and David Laitin have criticized the notion of increased returns.
Sociological institutionalists and ideational scholars have criticized versions of Historical Institutionalism that adopt materialist and rationalist ontologies. Scholars who use ideational approaches argue that institutional change occurs during episodes when institutions are perceived be failing (such as during economic crises) or during episodes of uncertainty, as this creates room for an exchange of ideas and a receptivity for institutional change. Political scientists such as Henry Farrell, Martha Finnemore, Mark Blyth, Oddny Helgadóttir, and William Kring argue that Historical Institutionalism has over time tended to engage more with rational choice institutionalism than with sociological institutionalism. Vincent Pouliot similarly writes that "soft rational choice... informs most versions of [Historical Institutionalism]." According to Michael Zurn, Historical institutionalism "lacks a theory of action."
In Paradigms and Sand Castles, an influential book on research design in comparative politics, Barbara Geddes argues that there are methodological limits to the kind of path-dependent arguments that is often found in Historical Institutionalist research. She argues that it is hard to rule out rival explanations for a proposed outcome and to precisely identify one purported critical juncture or another.
Major institutionalist scholars and books
Perry Anderson, Lineages of the Absolutist State
Kenneth A. Armstrong & Simon Bulmer, The governance of the Single European Market
Reinhard Bendix, Nation Building and Citizenship: Studies of our Changing Social Order
Suzanne Berger, Peasants Against Politics
Ruth Berins Collier and David Collier, Shaping the Political Arena
Thomas Ertman, Birth of the Leviathan
Peter B Evans, Embedded Autonomy
Alexander Gerschenkron, Economic Backwardness in Historical Perspective
Peter A. Hall, Governing the Economy
Samuel P. Huntington, Political Order in Changing Societies
John Ikenberry, After Victory
Chalmers Johnson, Peasant Nationalism and Communist Power
Peter Katzenstein, Cultural Norms and National Security
Atul Kohli, The State and Development in the Third World
Stephen Krasner, Sovereignty: Organized Hypocrisy
Margaret Levi, Consent, Dissent and Patriotism
Gregory Luebbert, Liberalism Fascism and Social Democracy
Ian Lustick, Unsettled States, Disputed Lands
Joel S. Migdal, Strong Societies and Weak State
Barrington Moore, Social Origins of Dictatorship and Democracy
Douglass North, Institutions, Institutional Change and Economic Performance
Paul Pierson, Politics in Time
Karl Polanyi, The Great Transformation
Dietrich Rueschemeyer, Evelyne Huber, and John D. Stephens, Capitalist Development and Democracy
James C. Scott, Seeing Like a State
Theda Skocpol, States and Social Revolutions, Protecting Soldiers and Mothers
Philip Selznick, "Institutionalism 'Old' and 'New'". Administrative Science Quarterly 41 (2): 270–77
Stephen Skowronek, The Politics Presidents Make
Rogers Smith, Civic Ideals
Sven Steinmo, Taxation and Democracy, The Evolution of Modern States
Kathleen Thelen, How Institutions Evolve?
Charles Tilly, Coercion, Capital, and European States, AD 990–1992
Stephen Van Evera, Causes of War
Thorstein Veblen, An Inquiry into the Nature of Peace and the Terms of Its Perpetuation
Rorden Wilkinson, The WTO: Crisis and the Governance of Global Trade
Daniel Ziblatt, Structuring the State
John Zysman, Governments, Markets, and Growth: Financial Systems and Politics of Industrial Change.
Francis Fukuyama, The Origins of Political Order
See also
Critical juncture theory
Liberal institutionalism
Institutional economics
New institutional economics
Rational Choice Institutionalism
Analytic narrative
References
Further reading
Daniel W. Drezner (2010) "Is historical institutionalism bunk?" Review of International Political Economy, 17:4, 791-804
Peter A. Hall, “Historical Institutionalism in Rationalist and Sociological Perspective,” in James Mahoney and Kathleen Thelen, Explaining Institutional Change (Cambridge University Press 2010).
Pierson, Paul. 2000. "Path Dependence, Increasing Returns, and the Study of Politics." American Political Science Review 33, 6/7:251-67.
Fioretos, Orfeo (ed.). International Politics and Institutions in Time. Oxford University Press.
Fioretos, O. (2011). "Historical Institutionalism in International Relations." International Organization, 65(2), 367–399.
Fioretos, Orfeo, Tulia G. Falleti, and Adam Sheingate. 2016. The Oxford Handbook of Historical Institutionalism. Oxford University Press.
Steinmo, Sven. 2008. "Historical Institutionalism." in Approaches and Methodologies in the Social Sciences. Cambridge University Press.
Thelen, Kathleen. 2002. "How Institutions Evolve: Insights from Comparative-Historical Analysis." in Mahoney, James and Dueschemeyer, Dietrich, eds. Comparative Historical Analysis in the Social Sciences. Cambridge University Press.
Peter Hall and David Soskice. Varieties of Capitalism. Oxford: Oxford University Press. 2000.
Kathleen Thelen, “Historical Institutionalism in Comparative Politics.” Annual Review of Political Science 1999: 369–404.
Kathleen Thelen. "Varieties of Capitalism: Trajectories of Liberalization and the New Politics of Social Solidarity." Annual Review of Political Science. 2012; 15:137- 159.
Henry Farrell and Abraham Newman. Domestic Institutions Beyond the Nation State: Charting the New Interdependence Approach. 2014. World Politics 66, 2:331- 363.
Henry Farrell and Abraham L. Newman (2010) "Making global markets: Historical institutionalism in international political economy." Review of International Political Economy, 17:4, 609-638
Rixen, Thomas, Lora Anne Viola, Michael Zürn (eds.). 2016. Historical Institutionalism and International Relations: Explaining Institutional Development in World Politics. Oxford University Press.
Waylen, G. (2009). What Can Historical Institutionalism Offer Feminist Institutionalists? Politics & Gender, 5(2), 245–253.
Political science terminology
Subfields of political science
Institutionalism
Social science methodology | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Historical%20institutionalism |
Tarasankar Bandyopadhyay (23 July 1898 – 14 September 1971) was an Indian novelist who wrote in the Bengali language. He wrote 65 novels, 53-story-books, 12 plays, 4 essay-books, 4 autobiographies, 2 travel stories and composed several songs. He was awarded Rabindra Puraskar, Sahitya Akademi Award, Jnanpith Award, Padma Shri and Padma Bhushan. He was nominated for Nobel Prize in Literature in 1971 and posthumously nominated in 1972.
Biography
Bandyopadhyay was born at his ancestral home at Labhpur village in Birbhum district, Bengal Province, British India (now West Bengal, India) to Haridas Bandyopadhyay and Prabhabati Devi.
He passed the Matriculation examination from Labhpur Jadablal H. E. School in 1916 and was later admitted first to St. Xavier's College, Calcutta and then to South Suburban College (now Asutosh College). While studying in intermediate at St. Xavier's College, he joined the non-co-operation movement. He could not complete his university course due to ill health and political activism. During these college years, he was also associated with a radical militant youth group and was arrested and interned in his village.
He was arrested in 1930 for actively supporting the Indian independence movement, but released later that year. After that he decided to devote himself to literature. In 1932, he met Rabindranath Tagore at Santiniketan for the first time. His first novel Chaitali Ghurni was published on the same year.
In 1940, he rented a house at Bagbazar and brought his family to Calcutta. In 1941, he moved to Baranagar. In 1942, he presided over the Birbhum District Literature Conference and became the president of the Anti-Fascist Writers and Artists Association in Bengal. In 1944, he presided over the Kanpur Bengali Literature Conference arranged by the non-resident Bengalis living there. In 1947, he inaugurated Prabasi Banga Sahitya Sammelan held in Calcutta; presided over the Silver Jubilee Prabasi Banga Sahitya Sammelan in Bombay; and received Sarat Memorial Medal from the University of Calcutta. In 1948, he moved to his own house at Tala Park, Calcutta.
In 1952, he was nominated to be a member of the legislative assembly. He was a member of the West Bengal Vidhan Parishad between 1952–60. In 1954, he took Diksha from his mother. In the same year he scrpted and directed a film Naa bsed on his own story. In 1955, he was awarded the Rabindra Puraskar by the Government of West Bengal. In 1956, he received the Sahitya Akademi Award. In 1957 he visited Soviet Union to join the preparatory committee of the Afro-Asian Writers' Association and later went to Tashkent at an invitation from the Chinese Government as the leader of the Indian Writers delegation at the Afro-Asian Writers' Association.
In 1959, he received the Jagattarini Gold Medal from the University of Calcutta, and presided over All India Writer's Conference in Madras. In 1960, he retired from the West Bengal Legislative Assembly but was nominated to the Parliament by the President of India. He was a member of Rajya Sabha between 1960–66. In 1962, he received Padma Shri; but the death of his son-in-law broke his heart and to keep himself diverted he took to painting and making wooden toys. In 1963, he received Sisirkumar Award. In 1966, he retired from the Parliament and presided over Nagpur Bengali Literature Conference. In 1966, he won the Jnanpith Award and in 1969, he received Padma Bhushan and was honoured with the title of Doctor of Literature by the University of Calcutta and the Jadavpur University. In 1969, he was given the fellowship of Sahitya Akademi, in 1970 became the president of Bangiya Sahitya Parishad/Vangiya Sahitya Parishad. In 1971, he gave the Nripendrachandra Memorial Lecture at Visva-Bharati University and D. L. Roy Memorial Lecture at the University of Calcutta.
Bandyopadhyay died at his Calcutta residence early in the morning on 14 September 1971. His last rites were performed at the Nimtala Cremation Ground, North Calcutta.
In 2021, Bandhopadhyay's ancestral home in Labhpur was converted into a museum in his memory by local residents as well as his family. It archives several personal artifacts, and photographs.
Family members and relatives
Tarasankar Bandyopadhyay was married to Umashashi Devi in 1916. Their eldest son Sanatkumar Bandyopadhyay was born in 1918; the youngest son Saritkumar Bandyopadhyay was born in 1922; the eldest daughter Ganga was born in 1924; the second daughter Bulu was born in 1926 but died in 1932; the youngest daughter Bani was born in 1932.
Awards
1955 - Rabindra Puraskar for his novel Arogya Niketan
1956 - Sahitya Akademi Award
1966 - Jnanpith Award for his novel Ganadebata.
1962 - Padma Shri
1969 - Padma Bhushan
---- - Sharat Smriti Puraskar
---- - Jagattarini Gold Medal from the Calcutta University
Bibliography
Poetry
Tripatra (1926)
Novels
Short story collections
Drama
Farce
Chakmaki (1945)
Discography
List of all songs for which Lyrics were composed by Tarasankar Bandyopadhyay
References
External links
1898 births
1971 deaths
Indian novelists
Indian dramatists and playwrights
Indian essayists
Indian autobiographers
Indian memoirists
Indian travel writers
Indian composers
Indian lyricists
Indian poets
Indian short story writers
Indian male novelists
Indian male short story writers
Indian male dramatists and playwrights
Indian male essayists
Indian male composers
Indian male poets
Indian male writers
Indian male film score composers
Asutosh College alumni
University of Calcutta alumni
Bengali Hindus
20th-century Bengalis
Bengali novelists
Bengali-language writers
Bengali poets
Bengali-language lyricists
People from Birbhum district
Recipients of the Rabindra Puraskar
Recipients of the Padma Shri in literature & education
Recipients of the Padma Bhushan in literature & education
Nominated members of the Rajya Sabha
Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Award in Bengali
Recipients of the Jnanpith Award
Recipients of the Sahitya Akademi Fellowship
20th-century Indian novelists
20th-century Indian short story writers
20th-century Indian poets
20th-century Indian dramatists and playwrights
20th-century Indian male writers
20th-century Indian writers
20th-century Indian essayists
20th-century Indian composers
Poets from West Bengal
Novelists from West Bengal
Dramatists and playwrights from West Bengal
Writers from Kolkata
Writers from West Bengal | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tarasankar%20Bandyopadhyay |
Several fiction, non-fiction and cinemas were based on Kolkata or depicted Kolkata from certain point of views. Some of such works are listed here.
Travelogues
The Great Railway Bazaar (Paul Theroux)
Following the Equator (Mark Twain)
Books
Around the World in Eighty Days
Calcutta (Geoffrey Moorhouse)
City of the Dreadful Night and American Tales (Rudyard Kipling)
City of Joy (Dominique Lapierre)
Calcutta: The Living City Volumes 1 & 2 (ed. Sukanta Chaudhuri)
Calcutta - City of Palaces: A Survey of the City in the Days of the East India Company 1690–1858. (Jeremiah P. Losty)
Calcutta 1981 (ed. Jean Racine)
Films set in Kolkata
Bengali films
Nagarik - The Citizen (Ritwik Ghatak) (1952 - Released 1977)
Bari Theke Paliye - The Runaway (Ritwik Ghatak) (1958)
Mahanagar - The Big City (Satyajit Ray) (1963)
Apanjan - (Tapan Sinha) (1968)
Pratidwandi - The Adversary (Satyajit Ray) (1970)
Seemabaddha - Company Limited (Satyajit Ray) (1971)
Interview (Mrinal Sen) (1971)
Calcutta 71 (Mrinal Sen) (1972)
Padatik - The Guerilla Fighter (Mrinal Sen) (1973)
Jukti Takko Aar Gappo - Logic, Debate and Story (Ritwik Ghatak) (1974)
Jana Aranya - The Middleman (Satyajit Ray) (1976)
Ek Din Pratidin - And Quiet Rolls the Day (Mrinal Sen) (1979)
Grihajuddha - Crossroads (Buddhadev Dasgupta) (1982)
Paroma - The Ultimate Woman Aparna Sen (1984)
Agantuk - The Stranger (Satyajit Ray) (1991)
Antareen - The Confined (Mrinal Sen) (1993)
Unishe April - Nineteenth April(Rituparno Ghosh) (1994)
Dahan - Crossfire (Rituparno Ghosh) (1997)
Chokher Bali - Sand in the Eye (Rituparno Ghosh) (2003)
Kaalbela - Calcutta My Love (Goutam Ghose) (2009)
Houseful (Bappaditya Bandopadhyay (2009)
Mahanagar@Kolkata (Suman Mukhopadhyay) (2009)
033 (Birsa Dasgupta) (2010)
Ekti Tarar Khonje - Stars Never Sleep (Abhik Mukhopadhyay) (2010)
Gorosthaney Sabdhan (Sandip Ray) (2010)
Autograph (Srijit Mukherji) (2010)
English films
The River (1951 film) (Jean Renoir)
36 Chowringhee Lane (Aparna Sen)
City of Joy (Roland Joffe)
Citi Life - Calcutta My El Dorado (Mrinal Sen)
10 Days in Calcutta (Gerhard Hauff)
Bow Barracks Forever (Anjan Dutt)
Call Cutta (Anjan Dutt)
15 Park Avenue (Aparna Sen)
The Waiting City
The Last Lear
The Avengers, Bruce Banner's hide-out where Natasha Romanoff recruits him for the Avengers
Memories in March
Lion starring Dev Patel and Nicole Kidman
The Namesake
French films
Calcutta (Louis Malle)
The Bengali Night(La Nuit Bengali)
Tamil films
Vedalam
Telugu films
Naayak
Padi Padi Leche Manasu
Malayalam Films
Vasthuhara
Calcutta News
Neelakasham Pachakadal Chuvanna Bhoomi
Hindi films
Howrah Bridge
Pyaasa
Amar Prem
Do Bigha Zameen
Devdas (1955)
Devdas (2002)
Ram Teri Ganga Maili
Calcutta Mail
Hey Ram
Do Anjaane
Hazaar Chaurasi Ki Maa
Morning Walk
Parineeta
Vicky Donor
Yuva
Raincoat
Kahaani (2012)
Barfi!
I Am
Khushi
Love Aaj Kal
Calcutta Mail
Gunday
Badmaash Company
Kaminey
Michael by Ribhu Dasgupta
Lootera
No One Killed Jessica
Special 26
Bullet Raja
Kolkata Junction
Babumoshai Bandookbaaz
Piku
Highway
Detective Byomkesh Bakshy!
Hamari Adhuri Kahani
Tamasha
Te3n
Kahaani 2
Meri Pyaari Bindu
Jagga Jasoos
Pari
Dhadak
Chippa
Kolkata in popular culture | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kolkata%20in%20the%20media |
Allan Bruce McKinnon, , (11 January 1917 – 19 September 1990) was a Canadian politician.
Born in Canora, Saskatchewan, he served with the Royal Canadian Artillery and was officer with the Princess Patricia's Canadian Light Infantry. In 1945, he was awarded the Military Cross. After the war, he remained in the Canadian Army. He retired with the rank of major in 1965 and settled in Victoria, British Columbia. He then taught at Sangster Elementary School in Colwood. From 1968 to 1972, he was a trustee and later chairman of the Victoria School Board.
McKinnon was first elected to the House of Commons of Canada in the 1972 federal election as the Progressive Conservative Member of Parliament for Victoria, British Columbia. He was re-elected on four successive occasions, and served from 1979 to 1980 as Minister of National Defence and Minister of Veterans Affairs in the short-lived minority government of Joe Clark.
McKinnon retired from politics at the 1988 federal election. He died at Royal Jubilee Hospital in Victoria, British Columbia in 1990 due to cancer.
References
External links
1917 births
1990 deaths
Canadian military personnel of World War II
Members of the 21st Canadian Ministry
Members of the King's Privy Council for Canada
Members of the House of Commons of Canada from British Columbia
People from Canora, Saskatchewan
Defence ministers of Canada
Politicians from Victoria, British Columbia
Progressive Conservative Party of Canada MPs
Canadian recipients of the Military Cross
Deaths from cancer in British Columbia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allan%20McKinnon |
Rodilla is a Spain-based fast food chain that specializes in cold and hot sandwiches, salads, pastries and fried dishes for dining in or take-out.
History
About 1939 or 1940 Antonio Rodilla opened a confectionery shop in Callao Square in downtown Madrid. After some years he decided to sell a new line of products, cold meat (fiambre) sandwiches. Since it was difficult at the time to find a good bread supplier he decided to make his own sliced bread as well, called "English bread", or pan de molde (as opposed to the more traditional baguette-like bread).
In the early 1970s Rodilla opened two new establishments in Princesa and Orense streets, and in 1992 the new firm Artesanía de la Alimentación was created to centralize the production of their own raw materials.
Expansion
Between 1993 and 1995 five new establishments were opened, and today it has a total of 72 restaurants; 63 in Madrid, 5 in Valencia, 2 in Barcelona, 2 in Sevilla, 1 in Toledo and 1 in Segovia. There is also at least one location in Malaga. In 1995, the company sold approximately 1.5 million sandwiches per month.
Already controlled by the brewery Damm since 2012, the Grupo Rodilla was fully bought by Damm in 2015.
References
External links
Official website
Restaurants in Madrid
Fast-food restaurants | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rodilla |
Annual percentage yield (APY) is a normalized representation of an interest rate, based on a compounding period of one year. APY figures allow a reasonable, single-point comparison of different offerings with varying compounding schedules. However, it does not account for the possibility of account fees affecting the net gain. APY generally refers to the rate paid to a depositor by a financial institution, while the analogous annual percentage rate (APR) refers to the rate paid to a financial institution by a borrower.
To promote financial products that do not involve debt, banks and other firms will often quote the APY (as opposed to the APR because the APY represents the customer receiving a higher return at the end of the term). For example, a certificate of deposit that has a 4.65% APR, compounded monthly, would instead be quoted as a 4.75% APY.
Equation
One common mathematical definition of APY uses this effective interest rate formula, but the precise usage may depend on local laws.
where
is the nominal interest rate and
is the number of compounding periods per year.
For large N we have
where e is the base of natural logarithms (the formula follows the definition of e as a limit). This is a reasonable approximation if the compounding is daily. Also, it is worth noting that a nominal interest rate and its corresponding APY are very nearly equal when they are small. For example (fixing some large N), a nominal interest rate of 100% would have an APY of approximately 171%, whereas 5% corresponds to 5.12%, and 1% corresponds to 1.005%.
United States
For financial institutions in the United States, the calculation of the APY and the related annual percentage yield earned are regulated by the FDIC Truth in Savings Act of 1991:
The calculation method is defined as
Algebraically, this is equivalent to
Here
"principal" is the amount of funds assumed to have been deposited at the beginning of the account,
"interest" is the total dollar amount of interest earned on the Principal for the term of the account,
"days in term" is the actual number of days in the term of the account.
See also
Annual equivalent rate
Compound interest
Effective interest rate
References
Interest rates | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annual%20percentage%20yield |
Dental assistants are members of the dental team. They support a dental operator (such as a dentist or other treating dental auxiliary) in providing more efficient dental treatment. Dental assistants are distinguished from other groups of dental auxiliaries (such as dental therapists, dental hygienists and dental technicians) by differing training, roles and patient scopes.
History
The first dental assistant
C. Edmund Kells, a pioneering dentist operating from New Orleans, enlisted the first dental assistant. The dental field was initially dominated by males, but after this first addition of a female, it was then acceptable for women to seek dental treatment without their husbands. This led to dental assistants of that era also being known as "Ladies in Attendance". Thanks to the addition of women to dentistry, the profession flourished with more and more women seeking treatment and more patients overall receiving care.
The first association
It was not until almost four decades later that in 1923 the first dental assistant association was founded by Juliette Southard, named the American Dental Assistant Association and it is still in practise now. It began with just five members, now reaching more than 10,000.
Roles
The dental assistant's role is often thought to be to support the dental operator by typically passing instruments during clinical procedures. However, in fact, their role extends much further to include: providing patients help with their oral hygiene skills, preparing the patient for treatment, sterilising instruments, assisting during general anaesthetic dental procedures, positioning suction devices, exposing dental radiographs, taking dental impressions, recording patient notes and administration roles such as scheduling appointments.
Infection control
It was customary for oral health care workers and dental assistants in the 1980s to practice oral health care without wearing gloves, masks or eye protection. This was at a crucial time due to the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) spreading rapidly at a global rate. However, in 2018 gloves, masks and eye protection have become part of the standard infection control guidelines which has been implemented in all oral health care settings as a means of preventing the spread of infectious disease. Infection control in oral health care not only protects the patient but it also protects the oral health care workers. This includes: dentists, dental specialists, oral health therapists, dental hygienists and dental assistants.
Dental assistants play a crucial role in maintaining high levels of infection control in the oral health care setting. The dental assistant is the major link between oral health care workers and the patient. To perform infection control responsibilities well, the dental assistant must have the appropriate education, training and work experience. Examples of infection control protocols that the dental assistant needs to follow in an oral health setting include:
Hand hygiene
Hand hygiene aims to reduce the number of microorganisms on hands. Antimicrobial agents such as alcohol-based hand rub or antimicrobial soap and water are effective agents to remove most antimicrobial bacteria on hands in dental settings.
Personal protective equipment (PPE)
Gloves, gown, hair net and eye protection are essential barrier protection items that enable the dental assistant to reduce the transmission of infectious diseases to themselves, other dental co-workers and patients. Gloves and masks need to be disposed after each patient, eyewear can be disposable or reusable and gowns need to be replaced if visibly soiled. Lastly, footwear must include leather closed toe shoes; this minimises the risk of sharps injury.
Surgical procedures and aseptic technique
It is crucial to wear sterile gloves when the dental assistant is assisting in surgery with the oral health care clinician. Hand hygiene using antimicrobial soap and water is imperial to maintaining adequate infection control in this setting, as this minimises the risk of infection.
Management of sharps injury
It is crucial that sharp instruments which include: needles, scalers, scalpels, burs, orthodontics bands and endodontic files need to be handled with care and appropriate techniques to minimise any potential sharps injury. Sharps also need to be disposed accordingly into the sharps containers, separate from other disposable bins. The dental assistant needs to be aware of what is required to go into the sharps containers and what is not. This minimises the chance of spreading infectious diseases.
Management of clinical waste
It is imperative that when performing change over, that the dental assistant is able to distinguish the difference between medical related waste compared to contaminated waste. Contaminated waste needs to be placed in a leak proof thick yellow bag with a biohazard symbol label.
Environment
The dental assistant should put on utility gloves when cleaning working surfaces during the changeover between patients. Each person in the dental office needs to have his or her own pair/s of utility gloves. They must also be able to distinguish between clean and dirty zones as this minimises the spread of infectious diseases between co-workers and patients. Additionally, plastic barriers are placed on: instruments such as; hand pieces connected to the chair, overhead lights, amalgamators, x-ray machines, mixing materials and other miscellaneous dental instruments, materials or appliances. One of the roles that the dental assistant participates in is changing these plastic barriers after each patient has left that surgery. This ensures that the surgery is set up ready for the next patient.
These infection control procedures and protocols not only apply to the dental assistant, but to all co-workers in the oral health care setting. However, the dental assistant is the major connection between the patient and the oral health care clinician. Therefore, it is imperative that they follow these guidelines to minimise the risk of spreading possible infectious diseases to co-workers, patients and themselves.
Sterilisation, disinfectant and antiseptic
Dental assistants play a large role in ensuring that the reusable dental instruments used daily in dental practices are sterilised adequately after each use. Sterilisation is an essential part of the infection control protocol. This can be defined as free of all life forms where the elimination of considerable number of the most heat resistant spores (bacterial and mycotic) is the basic criteria sterilisation. Sterilisation process consists of
Autoclaving where moist heat kills bacteria by denaturation of high protein- containing bacteria at 250F (121 °C) for 15 to 20 minutes or 270 F for 3 minutes. Biological monitors and Process indicators are 2 methods used to ensure the effectiveness of sterilization process.
Biological monitor (spore test) where bacterial spores are placed in strips or envelops along with the instruments. This method shows that the microorganisms have been eradicated and must be conducted weekly.
Process indicators; where the load has reached a certain temperature, the indicators change their colour.
Dry heat sterilization which requires a higher temperature and longer time (1–2 hours) than steam autoclave, therefore, only glass or metal objects can be steamed by dry heat.
Chemiclave by using Ethylene oxide at relatively low temperature for 2–3 hours.
Cold/ chemical test which can be done by soaking instruments (heat- sensitive) in a specific chemical solution such as 2% glutaraldehyde for 10 hours in order to kill bacterial spores. However, this method does not destroy hepatitis viruses and spores.
Disinfectant is also one of the major roles of dental assistant where chemicals applied to inanimate surfaces such as lab tops, counter tops, headrests, light handles, etc. This is to make sure that germicide and/or microbiostatic are achieved. Antiseptic chemical agents similar to disinfectants but they may be applied safely to living tissue, is another task for dental assistant where Alcohol is the most commonly used.
Health promotion
Dental assistants make a difference in the community by participating in health promotion activities and programs. These programs may take place at schools, preschools, immunisation events or at maternal health clinics. Dental operators may also be supported by dental assistants during pre-school or school screenings.
Dental assistants can extend their scope to provide oral health promotion to patients in Australia by completing the Certificate IV in Dental Assisting (Oral Health Promotion). The dental assistant will have the ability to implement an individualised oral health promotion program and oral hygiene program. After the appropriate training the dental assistant may;
Promote the dental team concept in achieving good oral health and promoting good oral hygiene habits
Assist in making dental treatment accessible and affordable to the community
Perform health promotion activities by promoting good oral health to the community
Support and educate on oral health promotion to allied health professionals
Dental assistants help other dental and allied health professionals in health promotion. These dental assistants implement oral health programs by providing resources and presentation promoting oral health messages to several target groups and community settings. These settings include:
Residential Aged Care Facilities
Special Needs
Schools
Early childhood services
Culturally diverse communities
Community sport clubs
Dental assistant can educate the community and schools by advising on:
Oral diseases
Diet analysis and counselling
Oral hygiene strategies
Preventive strategies
Care of fixed & removable prosthesis and fixed appliances
Smoking cessation
Preventing sports injuries
Radiography
Currently in Australia, dental assistants are not required to be registered under the Dental Board of Australia. However, dental assistants who have attained their certificate IV in dental assisting – Dental Radiography must hold a current license with the relative state or territory radiation authority. Dental assistants that decide to take on further study into their certificate IV in dental assisting - dental radiography, have an advantage of exposing patients to radiation also known as an x-ray, with regards to oral health care. The dental assistant will take training to further their practical and theoretical skills relevant to the role of the dental radiographer.
Upon successful completion of the training program dependent on the course structure, the dental assistant may:
Expose intra-oral radiographs that ensures an optimum radiographic image.
Process, mount and file intra-oral radiographs.
Able to identify technical faults and their causes.
Be able to demonstrate an understanding of potential hazards of exposure to radiation and to practice high standards of radiation therapy.
To recognise normal anatomy.
Maintain infection control throughout all practical procedures.
Potential future roles
Aging population
Looking to the future of dentistry and oral health, the roles for dental assistants are ever-changing and expanding. With the increase in an ageing population, it will become more and more commonplace for dental assistants to be employed to support dental operators with providing oral health promotion and treatment within residential care facilities.
Increasing demand to match new dental graduates
The number of newly graduated dentists and dental auxiliaries is increasing and with that the need for dental assistants. According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics of America the rate of employed dental assistants will likely increase by 18% in the ten years between 2014 and 2024. With an increase in dental assistants comes the possibility of extension in the dental assistant roles and scope. As seen in some states of the United States of America, dental assistants are able to perform some simple fillings with the supervision of a practising dentist. By allowing dental assistants to extend their scope alongside the appropriate training, the workload of the other members of the dental team is lessened and increases efficiency of the dental clinic management. This may have the potential to reach other countries in the future as the need for dental and oral health treatments increase.
Variations around the world
Dental assistant roles can vary depending on different country qualifications and regulations. Below are examples of dental assisting roles which the dental assistant is able to perform, respective to that country.
Australia
According to the Australian Government, Department of Health, in 2006 there were 15,381 registered dental assistants supporting dental operators. Of those, 171 were Indigenous.
In Australia Dental Assistants should have the following skills:
have excellent communication skills
enjoy interacting with other people
be organised and an efficient manager of their time
be meticulous and pays great attention to detail
possess good manual dexterity
enjoy responsibility
have the ability to comprehend and follow instructions
be skilled at multitasking
Dental Assistants work as part of a wider dental team, primarily with Dentists, but also with Dental Specialists, Oral Health Therapists, Dental Therapists, Dental Technitions, Dental Hygienists and Dental Prosthetists.
Tasks include:
receiving and preparing patients
arranging and handing instruments, medication, and other dental requisites to Dental Practitioners
preparing dental materials and processing X-rays
using suction devices and water sprays
performing routine maintenance on equipment
sterilising and preventing cross infection of equipment
may advise patients on dental health education and post-operative care and procedures
may act as receptionist for Dental Practitioners
may perform billing and other clerical tasks
Education and licensing
No formal education is required (trainership)
Formal education and training (Certificate III and Certificate IV in Dental Assisting)
School based Traineeship for years 11 and 12 students
VICTORIA
NEW SOUTH WALES
QUEENSLAND
NORTHERN TERRITORY
WESTERN AUSTRALIA
SOUTH AUSTRALIA
TASMANIA
Australian Dental assistants perform limited and restricted duties and are not permitted to perform any of the following:
any irreversible procedure on the human teeth or jaw or associated structures
correcting malpositions of the human teeth or jaw or associated structures;
fitting or intra-orally adjusting artificial teeth or corrective or restorative dental appliances for a person
performing any irreversible procedure on, or the giving of any treatment or advice to, a person that is preparatory to or for the purpose of fitting, inserting, adjusting, fixing, constructing, repairing or renewing artificial dentures or a restorative dental appliance
Dental Assisting is not a registered profession in Australia and as such training courses are not mandatory, although those with nationally recognised qualifications will enjoy the benefits of higher wages and better employment opportunities.
There is no formal training required of entry level dental assistants in order to commence or undertake work in private practice in Australia. Most dental assistants gain practical experience at a place of employment although there are vocational qualifications which are nationally recognised and highly recommended for increasing a person's job prospects, remuneration, and professional development.
The National Vocational Qualification HLT35015 Certificate III in Dental Assisting is the entry level of vocational training for dental assisting while HLT45015 Certificate IV in Dental Assisting are suitable for those who seek to further their skills and duties and elect units from particular streams such as dental radiography, oral health promotion, practice administration, general anaesthesia and conscious sedation. These formal qualifications can be offered only by registered training organisations such as TAFE and professional associations while Certificate III in Dental Assisting may also be offered as a traineeship in most States of Australia and as a School-based Traineeship for years 11 and 12 in some States.
Currently dental assistants are not required to be registered under the Dental Board of Australia or with any State and Territory Boards since dental assisting is not a registered profession. Dental Assistants who have attained a Certificate IV in Dental Assisting – Dental Radiography and are required to operate dental radiography apparatus as part of their job role, must hold a current license with the relevant state or territory Radiation Authority.
Dental assistants are strongly encouraged to have current vaccinations for Hepatitis B, and Tetanus along with the normal childhood vaccination recommendations (Measles, mumps, varicella, polio) and influenza. Many state and territory public health care facilities and training providers will require students and workers to present evidence of Hepatitis B immunity and the results of a criminal history check prior to commencing clinical placement. Most private dental clinics will also require employees to have current vaccination records and may also require workers to undertake annual influenza vaccinations.
United States
According to Occupational Employment Statistics, in the USA in 2017 there are a total of 337,160 Dental Assistants: they all should have the following personal qualities:
demonstrate sensitivity to the patient's needs
show empathy
"say the right thing at the right time"
be sincere
be a good listener
be trust worthy
Unlike Australia, in the USA dental assisting is a registered profession represented by the American Dental Assistants Association (ADAA) and members should possess both front desk and chairside skills.
Routine duties include:
Ensure that patients are comfortable in the dental chair
Prepare patients and the work area for treatments and procedures
Sterilize dental instruments
Hand instruments to dentists during procedures
Dry patients’ mouths using suction hoses and other equipment
Instruct patients in proper oral hygiene
Process x rays and complete lab tasks, under the direction of a dentist
Keep records of dental treatments
Schedule patient appointments
Work with patients on billing and payment
Extended duties may include:
Coronal polishing
Sealant application
Fluoride application
Topical anesthetic application
Education and licensing
In some U.S. states, dental assistants can work in the field without a college degree, while in other states, dental assistants must be licensed or registered.
Dental assistants can receive formal education through academic programs at community colleges, vocational schools, career colleges, technical institutes, universities and dental schools with most programs needing only 8 to 11 months to complete.
The Commission on Dental Accreditation of the American Dental Association accredits dental assisting school programs, of which there are over 200 in the United States.
To become a Certified Dental Assistant, or CDA, dental assistants must take the DANB (Dental Assisting National Board) CDA examination after they have completed an accredited dental assisting program, while those who have been trained on the job or have graduated from non-accredited programs are eligible to take the national certification examination after they have completed two years of full-time work experience as dental assistants. Some dentists are willing to pay a dental assistant-in-training that has a good attitude and work ethic.
In the USA the Dental Assisting National Board offers three nationally recognised certifications, namely:
Certified Dental Assistant (CDA)
Certified Orthodontic Assistant (COA)
Certified Preventative Functions Dental Assistant (CPFDA)
Expanded duties dental assistants or expanded functions dental assistants, as they are known in some states, may work one on one with the patient performing restorations after the doctor has removed decay Ideally, a dental assistant should have both administrative and clinical skills although it's still acceptable to have one or the other.
Duties may also include seating and preparing the patient, charting, mixing dental materials, providing patient education and post-operative instructions. They also keep track with inventory control and ordering supplies.
United Kingdom
In the UK, Registered Dental Nurses are prohibited from carrying out any form of direct dental treatment on the patient, including teeth whitening procedures, under the GDC scope of practice. Dental nurses found to be carrying out dental procedures are liable to be removed from the statutory GDC register.
Duties include:
taking responsibility for the decontamination of instruments
maintaining dental operating equipment
ensuring that all relevant materials and supplies are in place
looking after patient records – including making notes when the dentist is examining a patient
working closely with the dentist, responding quickly to requests and generally keeping the surgery ready for use
Those with additional training or skills developed during their careers can undertake expanded duties that may include:
providing oral health education and health promotion
assisting in the treatment of patients under conscious sedation
assisting in the treatment of patients with special needs
intra-oral photography
shade taking
placing rubber dam
measuring and recording plaque indices
pouring, casting and trimming study models
removing sutures after the wound has been checked by a clinician
apply fluoride varnish as part of programme that is overseen by a consultant or specialist in a public dental health setting
constructing occlusal registration rims and special trays
repairing acrylic components of removable appliances
tracing cephalograms
Entry level working as a trainee dental nurse does not require any qualification, but progression to qualified dental nurse requires completion of a formal course of study, either part or full-time, approved by the General Dental Council. A minimum 2 GCSEs (C grade or above) in English language and maths or a science subject are usually required for part-time courses while full-time courses may require evidence of A-level or AS-level study. A level 3 apprenticeship in dental nursing is an alternative pathway to gaining the required qualifications in dental nursing.
Ireland
In Ireland dental assistants have the following tasks:
infection control
chair-side assistance
preparation and maintenance of the dental surgery
patient care
and administration of the dental surgery
Skills Required
communication and organisation skills
the ability to use initiative
good manual dexterity
and be prepared to work closely providing support & assistance during the provision of dental treatment
In the Republic of Ireland, it is often dental nurses (and teeth whitening technicians) who carry out teeth whitening procedures rather than dentists.
This practice mainly occurs in clinics focusing solely on laser teeth whitening. In Ireland, registration as a dental nurse with The Irish Dental Council is voluntary; however, nurses who are registered and who carry out teeth whitening may face disciplinary action if caught.
Notable dental assistants
Marie Foster
Lesley Langley
Sue Wilding
See also
Dentistry
Dental auxiliary
Dental therapist
Dental hygienist
Dental technician
Registered dental nurse
References
Dentistry occupations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dental%20assistant |
"Human" is a song by British electronic music duo Goldfrapp. The song was written by the group with Startled Insects' Tim Norfolk and Bob Locke, and produced by Alison Goldfrapp and Will Gregory for the duo's debut album Felt Mountain (2000). "Human" is the only track on Felt Mountain with additional songwriters. It was released as the album's third single on 26 February 2001 and reached number 87 on the UK Singles Chart.
The song was sampled by American rapper Kanye West for his track "Freestyle 4". It was also used in the closing credits of the second season of the French spy show The Bureau.
Critical response
"Human" received generally positive reviews from pop music critics. Flak Magazine reviewer Eric Wittmershaus called the song a "surprisingly-daring-yet-easy-to-listen-to genre-bender" that "is easily the disc's standout track." Sacha Esterson of Musicomh.com described the track as "middle eastern-influenced upbeat gem" that is "particularly fantastic." NME wrote that "Human" "sounds like Shirley Bassey, but with none of the dance nous the Welsh warbler brought to her collaboration with the Propellerheads."
Formats and track listings
CD single
"Human" (Single Version) – 3:44
"Human" (Calexico Vocal) – 4:50
"Human" (Massey's Cro-Magnon Mix) – 5:54
12-inch single
"Human" (Single Version) – 3:44
"Human" (Calexico Instrumental) – 4:48
"Human" (Massey's Neanderthal Mix) – 7:27
Digital single (2018)
"Human" (Single Version) – 3:43
"Human" (Calexico Vocal) – 4:49
"Human" (Massey's Cro-Magnon Mix) – 5:53
"Human" (Calexico Instrumental) – 4:47
"Human" (Massey's Neanderthal Mix) – 7:29
Charts
References
External links
Goldfrapp.com
2000 songs
2001 singles
Goldfrapp songs
Mute Records singles
Songs written by Alison Goldfrapp
Songs written by Will Gregory | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human%20%28Goldfrapp%20song%29 |
Eben Samuel Johnson (8 February 1866 – 9 February 1939) was an English-American bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church, elected in 1916.
Birth and family
Born in Warwickshire, England, he was a son of William and Catharine (née Sidwell) Johnson. His father was an English Methodist preacher. Bishop Johnson was also descended from one of John Wesley's helpers. Eben married Sarah Tilsley, with whom he had children Samuel D., Arthur H., and Dorothea.
Early career and education
Eben took a teacher training course in England. He also attended the University of Oxford. He taught school in London for a time. He also engaged in newspaper work from 1885–89.
Eben then emigrated to the United States of America, where he earned both the A.B. and the A.M. degrees from Morningside College. Syracuse University later awarded him an honorary Doctor of Divinity degree.
He became a Freemason at an unknown date, and was later admitted to Kane Lodge No. 377, Ida Grove, Iowa on 13 December 1907; he resigned from this lodge on 14 October 1910 and joined instead the Landmark Lodge No. 103, Sioux City, Iowa on 12 December 1910.
Ordained ministry
The Rev. Eben Samuel Johnson preached on an English circuit at the age of sixteen. In America he entered the Northwest Iowa Annual Conference in 1889. As a pastor he served the following appointments: Danbury, Wall Lake, Mapleton, Sac City, Webster City, and Rock Rapids. He then was appointed Superintendent of the Ida Grove District. In 1909 he was appointed pastor of the First Methodist Church, Sioux City, where his address was 514 7th St., Sioux City.
He served his annual conference as the secretary, then the chairman of the examining board; as the president of the Conference Board of Education; and as a member of M.E. General Conferences, 1904–16. He served as general conference journal secretary for a time, as well. He also was a trustee of Morningside College.
During the Spanish–American War, the Rev. Johnson served as a chaplain in the 52nd Iowa Infantry Regiment, U.S. Volunteers. He also served in the 56th Regiment of the Iowa National Guard, first with the rank of captain, then major.
Episcopal ministry
The Rev. Eben Samuel Johnson was elected first in 1916 as a missionary bishop of the M.E. Church for Africa. In 1920 he was elected a bishop.
Bishop Johnson died at the Veterans' Hospital in Portland, Oregon. He was buried in Riverview Abbey in Portland.
Selected writings
"Emigration", Oxford degree thesis, in the Methodist Bishops' Collection at Southern Methodist University.
"Stenographic Report Lectures" of R. L. Ottley, Regius Professor of Pastoral Theology, Oxford, 1906, and of W. Lock, Dean Ireland Professor of Exegesis, Oxford, 1906. also in the Methodist Bishops' Collection at Southern Methodist University.
"General Conference Reports and Writings", also in the Methodist Bishops' Collection at Southern Methodist University.
See also
List of bishops of the United Methodist Church
References
Leete, Frederick DeLand, Methodist Bishops. Nashville, The Methodist Publishing House, 1948.
"JOHNSON, Rev. Eben Samuel, D.D." in Who's Who in American Methodism, Carl F. Price, Compiler and Editor, New York: E.B. Treat & Co., 1916, p. 112.
Bishops of the Methodist Episcopal Church
1866 births
1939 deaths
Alumni of the University of Oxford
Schoolteachers from Warwickshire
English emigrants to the United States
American military personnel of the Spanish–American War
United States Army officers
Methodist missionary bishops
Morningside University alumni
20th-century Methodist bishops
British emigrants to the United States
English Methodist ministers
Spanish–American War chaplains
United States Army chaplains
19th-century English Methodist ministers
20th-century English Methodist ministers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eben%20Samuel%20Johnson |
Creation Is Crucifixion is a technical metalcore band from Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania. The group originally formed under the name Chapter in 1995, but changed the name to Creation Is Crucifixion in 1997. The band was known for its complicated sound, which varied from ambient noise to more complex pieces. Their lyrical themes often dealt with technology and various functions of society, such as politics and religion.
The members of the band formed Hactivist Media in 2001 to release the recordings and experiments of the group. This signaled a step in the band's evolution as the group became increasingly political with the release of their Child as Audience CD in 2001, which featured a large booklet printed in multiple languages that theorized using technology as subversion (focusing on the reprogramming of children's video games). The band also experimented with various formats by releasing compositions on 3.5" discs through the organization.
Creation Is Crucifixion has been mostly inactive since 2002. There is a further release in the works via Robotic Empire, but the release has suffered numerous delays.
Former member, Scott Mellinger is a member of hardcore Zao. Michael Laughlin was formerly the drummer of the deathgrind band Cattle Decapitation.
Members
Current
Paul Nowoczynski - guitar (1995-present)
Nathan Martin - vocals (1995-present)
Michael Laughlin - drums (1995-present; former member of Cattle Decapitation)
Chad Schlegel - bass guitar
Ryan Unks - guitar
Former
Scott Mellinger - guitar (1995-1999; current member of Zao)
Adam MacGregor - guitar (current member of Conelrad, Brown Angel and Microwaves)
Mike Williams (Yellow Hair Strong) - bass guitar
Nathan Berlinguette - bass guitar
Todd Ladner - bass guitar
Karl Hlavinka – guitar (Racetraitor and Kill the Slave Master)
Discography
Singles
Descent from Heaven 7-inch (2 song, self-released, 1998)
Dethrone or Devour 7-inch (King of Monsters Records, 1998)
split 7-inch with Suicide Nation (Cyberdine243 Records, 1999)
split 7-inch with Fate of Icarus (Willowtip Records, 1999)
split 7-inch with Unruh (Willowtip Records, 1999)
split 7-inch with Suicide Nation (repress, Hactivist Media 2001)
EPs
Automata 12-inch/ CD (Willowtip Records, 1999)
Rerecording of the Vinyl Songs (Willowtip Records, 2000)
Child as Audience CD (Hactivist Media, 2001)
Albums
In_Silico CD (King of Monsters Records, 1998), LP (Cyberdine243 Records, 1998)
In_Silico CD/LP (Repress, Scorched Earth Policy Records, 2000)
Odd Format Releases
Floppy Noize Series Disk One 3.5" Floppy Disc (Hactivist Media, 2001)
UUM Floppy Noize Series Disk Two 3.5" Floppy Disc (Hactivist Media, 2001)
Kill Net Art 3" mini CD (Limited to 100 copies, Hactivist Media, 2001)
UUM Laboratory Series 1 3" mini CD (Ltd to 100 copies, Hactivist Media, 2001)
Destructivist CD (Hactivist Media, 2001)
Radio Bronka CDr (Hactivist Media, 2002)
References
External links
Hactivist Media
Musical groups established in 1995
Musical groups from Pittsburgh
Heavy metal musical groups from Pennsylvania
Metalcore musical groups from Pennsylvania | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Creation%20Is%20Crucifixion |
An aerial lift pylon is a pylon construction bearing the cables of an aerial lift such as an aerial tramway or gondola lift. Large pylons of aerial tramways usually consist of a steel framework construction, smaller pylons of gondola lifts are made of tubular steel. Early aerial tramways often had pylons of reinforced concrete and ropeway conveyors had timber pylons, if they were cheaper than steel pylons.
Pylons are not designed as a stopping-off point for passengers or goods, but some are designed to allow maintenance staff access to the cars. Some pylons have built-in ladders or stairs for maintenance access, and some taller examples have an elevator. The best-known and now seventh-tallest pylon is the Torre Jaume I in Barcelona. The tallest gondola lift support tower is the 214,8 m (704,7 ft) Cat Hai – Phu Long cable car which opened in june 2020. The tallest aerial tramway support tower in the world is Tower 2 of Ha Long Queen Cable Car built in 2016 which is 189 m (620 ft) tall.
Tallest pylons
Gallery
See also
Architectural structure
List of nonbuilding structure types
Tower
Structural engineering
References
External links
http://en.structurae.de/structures/ftype/index.cfm?ID=4103
Collection of aerial tramway support pillars on Skyscraperpage.com
Aerial lifts
Pylons | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aerial%20lift%20pylon |
A facial composite is a graphical representation of one or more eyewitnesses' memories of a face, as recorded by a composite artist. Facial composites are used mainly by police in their investigation of (usually serious) crimes. These images are used to reconstruct the suspect's face in hope of identifying them. Facial reconstruction can also be used in archeological studies to get a visualization of ancient mummies or human remains.
Methods
Hand-drawing
Construction of the composite was originally only performed by a trained artist, through drawing, sketching, or painting, in consultation with a witness or crime victim. The FBI claims that hand-drawing is its preferred method for constructing a facial composite.
Feature-based selection
Feature-based systems essentially rely on the selection of individual features in isolation. Individual facial features (eyes, nose, mouth, eyebrows, etc.) are selected one at a time from a large database and then electronically 'overlaid' to make the composite image. This allows images to be created when suitable artistic talent is not available.
Such systems were originally mechanical, using drawings or photographs printed on transparent acetate sheets that could be superimposed on one another to produce the composite image. The first such system was the drawing-based "Identikit" which was introduced in the U.S. in 1959. A photograph-based system, "Photofit", was introduced in the UK in 1970. Modern systems are software-based; common systems include SketchCop FACETTE Face Design System Software, Identi-Kit 2000, FACES, E-FIT and PortraitPad.
Welker Facial Reconstruction Technique
This technique was created in order to determine the depth of human face tissue. Welker was able to measure the depth of human face tissue by inserting surgical blades throughout different areas of the face. He was able to map out the areas of the face that had the most tissue depth. In the 1880s to 1890s a man named Wilheim was able to further advance the Welker Facial Reconstruction Technique. He used thinner needles to achieve a more targeted and precise measurement of depth, rather than using a bulky surgical blade that can distort the surrounding tissue.
Evolutionary systems
Evolutionary systems may be broadly described as holistic or global in that they primarily attempt to create a likeness to the suspect through an evolutionary mechanism in which a witness's response to groups of complete faces (not just features) converges towards an increasingly accurate image. Introduced in the 2000s, such systems are finding increasing use by police forces.
Several of these systems originate in academia: EFIT-V (University of Kent), EvoFIT (University of Stirling, University of Central Lancashire, and University of Winchester), and ID (University of Cape Town).
A 2012 police field trial indicated that an EvoFIT directly led to the arrest of a suspect and then a conviction in 29% of cases.
Usage
While the classic use of the facial composite is the citizen recognizing the face as an acquaintance, there are other ways where a facial composite can prove useful. The facial composite can contribute in law enforcement in a number of ways:
Identifying the suspect in a wanted poster.
Additional evidence against a suspect.
Assisting investigation in checking leads.
Warning vulnerable population against serial offenders.
Facial composites of various types have been used extensively in those television programs which aim to reconstruct major unsolved crimes with a view to gaining information from the members of the public, such as America's Most Wanted in the US and Crimewatch in the UK.
Notable cases
These notable cases had facial composites assist in identifying the perpetrator:
Oklahoma City bomber Timothy McVeigh.
Niklas Lindgren, also known as "Hagamannen", a serial sexual assaulter in Umeå, Sweden.
Baton Rouge serial killer Derrick Todd Lee.
References
Crime
Criminal law
Law enforcement techniques
Identity documents | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facial%20composite |
Kopanaki () is a town in northwestern Messenia, Peloponnese, Greece. It was the seat of the former municipality of Aetos and now it belongs to the municipality of Trifylia. Agriculture, specifically olive farming, is the main economic activity in the village. The community Kopanaki also includes the small villages Agios Dimitrios and Rizochori. Being the geographical and economic center of upper Trifylia, Kopanaki is well known for "pazari" (bazaar) or "agora", that takes place in the central square every Sunday since 1900 and attracts further population. The messenian tradition of baking "gournopoula" (pork) and selling it on the edge of the street started from this location, initially only on Sundays, for the visitors from far away, so they could have a hearty meal and the power to do the return trip. Today in many places of the region lying on main road someone can find (no matter the day) grilled gournopoula.
Population
Geography
Kopanaki is situated in the valley of a tributary of the small river Peristeri, between Tetrazio and Kyparissia mountains. It is 12 km east of Kalonero (on the Ionian Sea coast) and 39 km northwest of Kalamata. It is situated on the main road from Pyrgos and Kyparissia to Kalamata and on the metre gauge railway from Kalonero to Zevgolateio.
History
The ruins of a very ancient agricultural settlement near Kopanaki have been excavated in 1980.
People and Culture
Panagiotis Meltemis, (1918–1978) (born Panagiotis K. Papadopoulos), poet and a newspaper editor.
Panagiotis (Potis) Stratikis, (1926–2019), Greek Resistance member, writer, editor.
Thanassis Spyropoulos, (1926–), puppet player (Karagiozis' shadow theatre)
The town is home to a soccer team (see Messenia Football Clubs Association) known as Diagoras.
See also
List of settlements in Messenia
References
External links
Kopanaki at the GTP Travel Pages
Populated places in Messenia
Trifylia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kopanaki |
The Embassy of Germany in Budapest is Germany's diplomatic mission to Hungary.
It is located at Úri utca 64–66, in the I. Várkerület district.
The building has been listed as UNESCO World Heritage and became the site of the German embassy in 1993, as a result of returning the former site of the Hungarian embassy in Berlin to the state of Hungary.
The current ambassador is Volkmar Wenzel (as of January 2020).
References
External links
Web site of the embassy
German Foreign Office
Budapest
Germany
Germany–Hungary relations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Embassy%20of%20Germany%2C%20Budapest |
The Atomic Mr. Basie (originally called Basie, also known as E=MC2 and reissued in 1994 as The Complete Atomic Basie) is a 1958 album by Count Basie, featuring the song arrangements of Neal Hefti and the Count Basie Orchestra. Allmusic gave it 5 stars, reviewer Bruce Eder saying: "it took Basie's core audience and a lot of other people by surprise, as a bold, forward-looking statement within the context of a big-band recording." It is included in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die, Will Fulford-Jones calling it "Basie's last great record." It was voted number 411 in the third edition of Colin Larkin's All Time Top 1000 Albums (2000). According to Acclaimed Music, it is the 6th most critically acclaimed album of 1958, the 25th most acclaimed of the 1950s, and the 837th most acclaimed of all time, based on an aggregation of hundreds of critics' lists from around the world.
Reception
The album won Best Jazz Performance, Group and Best Performance by a Dance Band awards at the 1st Annual Grammy Awards.
Track listing
All tracks composed and arranged by Neal Hefti, except where indicated.
Personnel
Wendell Culley — trumpet
Snooky Young — trumpet
Thad Jones — trumpet
Joe Newman — trumpet
Henry Coker — trombone
Al Grey — trombone
Benny Powell — trombone
Marshal Royal — reeds
Frank Wess — reeds
Eddie "Lockjaw" Davis — reeds
Frank Foster — reeds
Charles Fowlkes — reeds
Count Basie — piano
Eddie Jones — bass
Freddie Green — guitar
Sonny Payne — drums
Joe Williams — vocals (track 16)
Neal Hefti — arrangements (tracks 1–11)
Jimmy Mundy — arrangements (tracks 12–14)
Notes and references
Notes
References
1958 albums
Roulette Records albums
Albums produced by Teddy Reig
Count Basie Orchestra albums
Grammy Award for Best Jazz Instrumental Album
Grammy Award for Best Performance by an Orchestra – for Dancing | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Atomic%20Mr.%20Basie |
The Cannone da 75/32 modello 37 was an Italian field gun used during World War II. The designation indicates that the gun had a 75 mm caliber, the barrel was 32 caliber-lengths long and it was accepted for service in 1937.
History
The newly born 75/18 howitzers already presented major ballistic limitations, given that their maximum range was about 9 km, when the divisional artillery of the other European armies were not only of greater caliber, but also had significantly higher ranges, therefore the Arms and Ammunition Technical Service requested that a new elongated gun be studied to be mounted on the carriage of the 75/18 Mod 35 howitzer. The increase in the length of the gun, as well as the increase in range as artillery from campaign, was aimed at the use of the new piece in anti- tank function. The piece, designed to have as many parts as possible in common with the 75/18 howitzer, mounted a 34-gauge long barrel, was prepared at the Naples Arsenal and the prototype was presented in 1937 . This model, called 75/34 Mod. SF, was thus adopted by the Royal Army and production was assigned to Ansaldo . This intervened on the muzzle, shortening it and modifying the muzzle brake, thus obtaining the standard version 75/32 Mod. 1937.
The Cannone da 75/32 was designed by Ansaldo and the first examples were produced in 1937.
After Italy surrendered, guns captured by Germany were designated 7.5 cm FK248(i).
This gun was used in Russia with the ARMIR (ARMata Italiana in Russia - Italian Army in Russia) in the "201º Reggimento d'artiglieria motorizzato" and it had good results against the Soviet T-34 tank.
Some were acquired by the Peruvian Army before the Ecuadorian–Peruvian War of 1941.
Technicalities
The barrel was one piece and in the prototype it was equipped with a muzzle brake. The rifling had a step of 20 calibers.
The mount, similar to that of the 75/18 Mod. 1934/1935, had metal spoked wheels, originally in Elektron, an alloy of Magnesium and Aluminium, then later it got replaced by sheet steel. The wheels had a diameter of 1,3 meters (3,28 ft) with a semi-pneumatic ring, and an elastic torsion bar suspension. The maximum towing velocity for this piece was 60 km/h (37,2 mph), superior to the one normally used for light artillery. The split-tails could fold in two elements, obtaining a length gear configuration that was quite limited.
The piece was able to shoot both a projected foil on two charges (so on two different muzzle velocities) and a projected foil in one charge. From 1943 onwards it was provided with a 12 mm thick shield and a faster loading system to allow an easier engagement with armored vehicles.
Version
The base of the cannon 75/34 Mod. SF was used for the hard and self-propelled guns, in particular for the type of
P 26/40.
See also
Italian Army equipment in World War II
References
Artillery by Chris Chant, published by Amber Books,
World War II artillery of Italy
75 mm artillery
Gio. Ansaldo & C. artillery
Military equipment introduced in the 1930s | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannone%20da%2075/32%20modello%2037 |
Roger Rabbit's Car Toon Spin is a dark ride located at the Disneyland and Tokyo Disneyland theme parks, based on the 1988 Disney/Amblin film Who Framed Roger Rabbit. Both versions of the attraction are located in Mickey's Toontown. The Disneyland version opened on January 26, 1994, a year after the Mickey's Toontown area opened, and the Tokyo Disneyland version opened on April 15, 1996. In December 2021, the Disneyland version was updated to include a new plot element of Jessica Rabbit in the role of a detective who is determined to stop a crime wave in Toontown.
History
Roger Rabbit was recognized as a lucrative character by Disney after the release of Who Framed Roger Rabbit and a set of attractions based on the movie were developed for many Disney theme parks. Roger was set to be the star of his own land, behind Main Street, U.S.A. at Disneyland, called Hollywoodland. Meanwhile, over at the Magic Kingdom, a new land behind Fantasyland was being developed in honor of Mickey Mouse's sixtieth birthday, named Mickey's Birthdayland.
There were also set to be attractions based on Roger Rabbit, Judge Doom and Baby Herman opening in a major expansion at Disney's Hollywood Studios and Tokyo Disneyland, but after the financial troubles of the Euro Disney Resort, plans were cut back with only Disneyland and Tokyo Disneyland receiving any Roger Rabbit-themed attractions.
Imagineer Joe Lanzisero described the creation of the ride:
In September 2021, it was announced that Walt Disney Imagineering would update the ride in Disneyland to include a new plot element of Jessica Rabbit in the role of a detective who is determined to stop a crime wave in Toontown. The update debuted in December 2021.
Queue and Ride
At the start of the ride's queue entering the Toontown Cab Company, some license plates hanging on the wall have code-like puns of various Disney characters or slogans. They include 2N TOWN (Toontown), BB WOLF (Big Bad Wolf), MR TOAD (Mr. Toad), 1DRLND (Wonderland), 1D N PTR (Wendy & Peter), IM L8 ("I'm late" - The White Rabbit), CAP 10 HK (Captain Hook), L MERM8 (Little Mermaid), 101 DLMN (101 Dalmatians), FAN T C (Fantasy), RS2CAT (Aristocat), ZPD2DA (Zip-a-Dee-Doo-Dah), and 3 LIL PIGS (Three Little Pigs).
The queue winds its way through darkened Toontown streets and alleys, passing through the Ink and Paint Club's backstage areas including Jessica Rabbit's dressing room and the prop cage. (In the U.S. version, guests then pass by a newspaper article stating that Jessica Rabbit, inspired by her friend Eddie Valiant, has become a Toontown private eye who is determined to stop the weasels' recent crime wave.) Guests then past the window of Baby Herman's apartment. In a window on an upper floor, the silhouettes of Smart Guy and Stupid can be seen, as guests pass through the weasels' hideout and Dip refinery. Exiting this area, the guests return to the Toontown Cab Company and approach the loading area. Characters' voices can also be heard throughout the queue, including two points where the weasels can be heard discussing their plans, one in the alley in front of the Ink and Paint Club and the other in their hideout. Jessica can also be heard talking on the phone to Roger and to her stage manager in her dressing room.
Guests board a yellow Toon cab named Lenny the Cab, the twin cousin of Benny the Cab. Each cab seats two people, and the cabs are dispatched in groups of two. Once the traffic light in the loading area changes to green, the cabs leave the loading area. The ride begins with Stupid, Greasy and Wheezy dumping barrels of Dip into the streets, sending Roger Rabbit and Benny spinning out of control, and the guests' cab drives into the Dip as well. At this point, the steering wheel of the cab becomes active, and the cab can then spin around, much like Mad Tea Party in Fantasyland. Nearby, Smart Guy has tied up Jessica and placed her in the trunk of his car. (in U.S. version, there are barrels of Dip in the trunk of Smart Guy's car that he is dumping onto the street. Jessica is dressed in a detective's trench coat and fedora, standing behind Smart Guy with her arm held forward, directing the weasels to stop dumping Dip).
The cabs then crash through the Bullina China Shoppe run by a bull, who is trying to protect some of his stock. Upon exiting the shop, the cars travel down Spin Street, where Toon fire hydrants, telephone poles, mailboxes, and streetlights laugh and dance around.
Next, the cabs enter the Toontown Power House, where they pass a furnace with an abstract face and encounter Roger having an electricity fight with Psycho. Passing through a series of explosions, the cabs "fall down" from Toon skyscrapers. Heading closer to street level past a group of stairs, Roger promises to fix things.
The cabs then enter the Gag Factory, going past various jokes and gags, and a weasel named Sleazy holds a large metal gate open for the cabs. Jessica manages to free herself and assaults Greasy and Wheezy with a mallet. (In the U.S. version, Jessica assaults Greasy and Wheezy using a mallet from her "anti-weasel equipment" bag). Stupid then tries to drop a safe onto the cabs. Just as the Dip Machine (operated by Smart Guy) is about to Dip the cabs, they narrowly escape and Roger saves the guests by stretching his arm out and using a portable hole to allow the cabs to return safely to the Toontown Cab Company, going through a cartoon "The End" title card to return to the loading area.
Voice cast
Jess Harnell as Roger Rabbit
Marnie Mosiman as Jessica Rabbit
Jim Cummings as Baby Herman
Charles Fleischer as Benny the Cab, Lenny the Cab, Greasy and Psycho
David Lander as Smart Guy
June Foray as Wheezy
Fred Newman as Stupid
Will Ryan as Sleazy
Marcelo Vignali as Bongo, Bull and Jack-in-the-Box Clown M
Joe Lanzisero as Jack-in-the-Box Clown J
Tony Anselmo as Donald Duck
Brad Abrell as Safety Spiel Announcer
Incident
On September 22, 2000, a four-year-old boy fell out of the Disneyland version of the ride and suffered serious injuries. The victim's family sued and eventually settled out of court. In January 2009, the boy died at the age of 13 due to complications from his injuries.
See also
List of Disneyland attractions
References
https://insidethemagic.net/2021/09/disneyland-jessica-rabbit-fans-react-kc1/
External links
Disneyland - Roger Rabbit's Car Toon Spin
Tokyo Disneyland - Roger Rabbit's Car Toon Spin
AllEarsNet - Roger Rabbit's Car Toon Spin
Laughing Place - Roger Rabbit's Car Toon Spin
Amusement rides introduced in 1994
Amusement rides introduced in 1996
Walt Disney Parks and Resorts attractions
Disneyland
Tokyo Disneyland
Dark rides
Who Framed Roger Rabbit
Mickey's Toontown
Audio-Animatronic attractions
Amusement rides based on film franchises
1994 establishments in California
1996 establishments in Japan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roger%20Rabbit%27s%20Car%20Toon%20Spin |
The Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests is a tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests ecoregion of Bangladesh and India. The ecoregion covers an area of , comprising most of Bangladesh and the Indian states of West Bengal, Bihar and Tripura, and extending into adjacent states of Odisha, Uttar Pradesh and a tiny part of Assam, as well as adjacent western Myanmar.
Geography
The Lower Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests extends across the alluvial plain of the lower Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers, which form the world's largest river delta. The ecoregion is currently one of the most densely populated regions on earth, and the forests have largely been replaced with intensive agriculture.
The ecoregion is bounded on the east and northeast by montane tropical rain forests; the Mizoram–Manipur–Kachin rain forests covers the Chin Hills and Chittagong Hills to the east, extending into Myanmar and other states of Northeast India, while the Meghalaya subtropical forests covers the Garo-Khasi-Jaintia Hills of Meghalaya and southern Assam, and almost defines the Bangladesh border with Northeast India. To the north, the ecoregion extends to the base of the Himalayas, where it is bounded by the Terai–Duar savanna and grasslands. The upper portion of the Brahmaputra valley in Assam is home to the humid lowland Brahmaputra Valley semi-evergreen forests. To the northwest, the forests are bounded by the Upper Gangetic Plains moist deciduous forests. The dry Chota Nagpur dry deciduous forests lie on the Chota Nagpur Plateau to the southwest. The Sundarbans freshwater swamp forests and Sundarbans mangroves ecoregions lie in the swampy, semi-brackish and brackish southern reaches of the Ganges-Brahmaputra Delta bordering the Bay of Bengal.
The ecoregion is home to several large cities, including Kolkata, Dhaka, Patna, and Chittagong.
Climate
The climate of the ecoregion is tropical and humid. Most of the annual rainfall comes during the southwest monsoon from June to September.
Flora
The natural vegetation is mostly semi-deciduous forest.
The upper canopy is predominantly of deciduous trees, with a lower storey of evergreen trees. Characteristic trees in disturbed forests are Bombax ceiba together with Albizia procera, Duabanga sonneratioides, and Sterculia villosa. As forests mature sal (Shorea robusta) becomes predominant, but most of the remaining forests do not mature to climax stage because of human disturbance. Where annual fires occur frequently during the dry season, fire-hardy trees and shrubs Zizyphus mauritiana, Madhuca latifolia, Aegle marmelos, Butea monosperma, Terminalia tomentosa, and Ochna pumila are common.
Riparian forests are typically an Acacia-Dalbergia association, with Acacia catechu, Dalbergia sissoo, Albizia procera, Bombax ceiba, and Sterculia villosa.
Fauna
The ecoregion is home to 126 native mammal species. They include threatened species like the tiger (Panthera tigris), Asian elephant (Elephas maximus), gaur (Bos gaurus), sloth bear (Melursus ursinus), chousingha (Tetracerus quadricornis), smooth-coated otter (Lutrogale perspicillata), and great Indian civet (Viverra zibetha).
The ecoregion is home to 380 species of birds species, including the Bengal florican (Houbaropsis bengalensis), lesser florican (Sypheotides indicus), Pallas's fish-eagle (Haliaeetus leucoryphus), swamp francolin (Francolinus gularis), Indian grey hornbill (Ocyceros birostris), and Oriental pied hornbill (Anthracoceros albirostris).
Conservation
The ecoregion has been densely settled for many centuries, yet much forest remained until the early 20th century. Forest clearance accelerated during the 20th century, and by the end of the century, only 3% of the ecoregion remained in natural forest. Remaining forest areas are mostly small patches, except for one large block of forest south of Varanasi.
In 1997, the World Wildlife Fund identified over 40 protected areas in the ecoregion, with a combined area of about 7010 km², or approximately 3% of the ecoregion's area. Over half of these protected areas were smaller than 100 km²
Gautam Buddha Wildlife Sanctuary, Bihar (140 km²; also extends into the Chota Nagpur dry deciduous forests)
Udaipur Wildlife Sanctuary, Bihar (50 km²)
Kaimur Wildlife Sanctuary, Bihar (2,370 km²)
Chandra Prabha Wildlife Sanctuary, Uttar Pradesh (80 km²)
Rajgir Wildlife Sanctuary, Bihar (290 km²)
Kaimoor Wildlife Sanctuary, Uttar Pradesh (120 km²)
Valmiki National Park, Bihar (230 km²; also extends into the Himalayan subtropical broadleaf forests)
Raiganj Wildlife Sanctuary, West Bengal (40 km²)
Kabartal Bird Sanctuary, Bihar (30 km²)
Ramsagar National Park, Bangladesh (10 km²)
Vikramshila Gangetic Dolphin Sanctuary, Bihar 160 km²)
Nakti Dam Wildlife Sanctuary, Bihar (200 km²)
Narendrapur Wildlife Sanctuary, West Bengal (90 km²)
Jaldapara National Park, West Bengal (70 km²)
Chalan Beel Wildlife Sanctuary, Bangladesh (170 km²)
Bil Bhatia Wildlife Sanctuary, Bangladesh (30 km²)
Madhupur National Park, Bangladesh (110 km²)
Hail Haor Wildlife Sanctuary, Bangladesh (100 km²)
Roa Wildlife Sanctuary, Tripura (10 km²)
Bhawal National Park, Bangladesh (90 km²)
Rema-Kalenga Wildlife Sanctuary, Bangladesh (50 km²)
Gumti Wildlife Sanctuary, Tripura (420 km²)
Sepahijala Wildlife Sanctuary, Tripura (20 km²)
Trishna Wildlife Sanctuary, Tripura (270 km²)
Aila Beel Wildlife Sanctuary, Bangladesh (30 km²)
Kawadighi Haor Wildlife Sanctuary, Bangladesh (10 km²)
Unnamed (20 km²)
Dakhar Haor Wildlife Sanctuary, Bangladesh (40 km²)
Dubriar Haor Wildlife Sanctuary, Bangladesh (20 km²)
Erali Beel Wildlife Sanctuary, Bangladesh (10 km²)
Hakaluki Haor Wildlife Sanctuary, Bangladesh (160 km²)
Kawadighi Haor Wildlife Sanctuary, Bangladesh (20 km²)
Kuri Beel Wildlife Sanctuary, Bangladesh (30 km²)
Meda Beel Wildlife Sanctuary, Bangladesh (20 km²)
Rajkandi Wildlife Sanctuary, Bangladesh (50 km²)
Tangua Haor Wildlife Sanctuary, Bangladesh 160 km²)
West Bhanugach Wildlife Sanctuary, Bangladesh (50 km²)
Hazarikhil Wildlife Sanctuary, Bangladesh (30 km²)
Rampahar-Sitapahar Wildlife Sanctuary, Bangladesh (10 km²)
Chunati Wildlife Sanctuary, Bangladesh (90 km²)
Chimbuk Wildlife Sanctuary, Bangladesh (30 km²)
Himchari National Park, Bangladesh (20 km²)
Teknaf Wildlife Sanctuary, Bangladesh (100 km²)
Sangu Matamuhari, Bangladesh (960 km²)
References
External links
Geographical ecoregion maps and basic info.
Ecoregions of India
Ecoregions of Bangladesh
Tropical and subtropical moist broadleaf forests
Ganges basin
Forests of Bangladesh
Forests of India
Environment of Assam
Environment of Bihar
Environment of West Bengal
Environment of Odisha
Environment of Tripura
Environment of Uttar Pradesh
Indomalayan ecoregions | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower%20Gangetic%20Plains%20moist%20deciduous%20forests |
"Pilots" is an electronic song written by British group Goldfrapp for their debut studio album Felt Mountain (2000). The song was produced by Goldfrapp and received a positive reception from music critics. It was released as a double A-side single with "Lovely Head" in the fourth quarter of 2001, and became the band's second single to chart within the top seventy-five in the United Kingdom.
Formats and track listings
These are the formats and track listings of major single releases of "Pilots".
CD single #1
"Pilots (On a Star)" – 3:55
"Lovely Head" – 3:46
"Horse Tears" (Live)* – 5:37
CD single #2
"Pilots (On a Star)" – 3:57
"Lovely Head" (Staré Město) – 3:52
"Utopia" (Tom Middleton Cosmos Acid Dub) – 7:21
"Pilots (On a Star)" (Video) – 3:57
*Recorded at Ancienne Belgique, Brussels, 2 April 2001.
References
External links
Goldfrapp.com — official website.
Mute.com — official website for Mute Records.
2001 singles
2002 singles
Goldfrapp songs
Songs written by Alison Goldfrapp
Songs written by Will Gregory
Mute Records singles
2001 songs
Songs about aviators | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pilots%20%28song%29 |
Stroller (1950–1986) was a bay gelding who was the only pony to compete at the Olympics in show jumping. He stood about .
He was a member of the British team who competed in the 1968 Olympics in Mexico, ridden by Marion Coakes. Bill Steinkraus and Snowbound won the Gold Medal while Marion and Stroller won the Individual Silver Medal, only four faults behind Steinkraus. Stroller jumped one of the only two clear rounds in the Olympic individual championship. In 1967, Marion rode Stroller to victory in the Hickstead Derby, the only pony to have ever won this event. This partnership won the Wills Hickstead Gold Medal, for points gained in the major events during the year, for five years consecutively from 1965 to 1970. Stroller was the grand age of 20 when he won the 1970 Hamburg Derby. The pair won 61 international competitions.
He was a crossbred horse, by a Thoroughbred sire out of a Connemara pony mare. Stroller died of a heart attack at the high age 36 in 1986, after 15 years of happy retirement. He is buried at Barton-on-Sea Golf Club, New Milton, Hampshire, England.
Achievements
Individual Silver medal at the 1968 Olympic Games (Mexico)
Winner of the Women's Show Jumping World Championships 1965 (Hickstead)
Won 1967 Hickstead Derby
Won 1970 Hamburg Derby (as only clear round)
Winner of the Queen Elizabeth II Cup 1965 and 1971
2nd place, Women's World Championships 1970 (Copenhagen)
Only pony to compete at International level among horses and win consistently in Europe
BHS (British Horse Society) Hall of Fame Laureate
References
Connemara Pony
Stroller profile in Horse & Hound
Show jumping horses
Individual Connemaras
Individual male horses
Horses in the Olympics
1950 animal births
1986 animal deaths | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stroller%20%28horse%29 |
The Global Descriptor Table (GDT) is a data structure used by Intel x86-family processors starting with the 80286 in order to define the characteristics of the various memory areas used during program execution, including the base address, the size, and access privileges like executability and writability. These memory areas are called segments in Intel terminology.
Description
The GDT is a table of 8-byte entries. Each entry may refer to a segment descriptor, Task State Segment (TSS), Local Descriptor Table (LDT), or call gate. Call gates were designed for transferring control between x86 privilege levels, although this mechanism is not used on most modern operating systems.
There is also a Local Descriptor Table (LDT). Multiple LDTs can be defined in the GDT, but only one is current at any one time: usually associated with the current Task. While the LDT contains memory segments which are private to a specific process, the GDT contains global segments. The x86 processors have facilities for automatically switching the current LDT on specific machine events, but no facilities for automatically switching the GDT.
Every memory access performed by a process always goes through a segment. On the 80386 processor and later, because of 32-bit segment offsets and limits, it is possible to make segments cover the entire addressable memory, which makes segment-relative addressing transparent to the user.
In order to reference a segment, a program must use its index inside the GDT or the LDT. Such an index is called a segment selector (or selector). The selector must be loaded into a segment register to be used. Apart from the machine instructions which allow one to set/get the position of the GDT, and of the Interrupt Descriptor Table (IDT), in memory, every machine instruction referencing memory has an implicit segment register, occasionally two. Most of the time this segment register can be overridden by adding a segment prefix before the instruction.
Loading a selector into a segment register reads the GDT or LDT entry at the time it is loaded, and caches the properties of the segment in a hidden register. Subsequent modifications to the GDT or LDT will not take effect until the segment register is reloaded.
GDT in 64-bit
The GDT is still present in 64-bit mode; a GDT must be defined, but is generally never changed or used for segmentation. The size of the register has been extended from 48 to 80 bits, and 64-bit selectors are always "flat" (thus, from 0x0000000000000000 to 0xFFFFFFFFFFFFFFFF). However, the base of FS and GS are not constrained to 0, and they continue to be used as pointers to the offset of items such as the process environment block and the thread information block.
If the System bit (4th bit of the Access field) is cleared, the size of the descriptor is 16 bytes instead of 8. This is because, even though code/data segments are ignored, TSS are not, but the TSS pointer can be 64bit long and thus the descriptor needs more space to insert the higher dword of the TSS pointer.
64-bit versions of Windows forbid hooking of the GDT; attempting to do so will cause the machine to bug check.
Local Descriptor Table
A Local Descriptor Table (LDT) is a memory table used in the x86 architecture in protected mode and containing memory segment descriptors, just like the GDT: address start in linear memory, size, executability, writability, access privilege, actual presence in memory, etc.
LDTs are the siblings of the Global Descriptor Table (GDT), and each define up to 8192 memory segments accessible to programs - note that unlike the GDT, the zeroeth entry is a valid entry, and can be used like any other LDT entry. Also note that unlike the GDT, the LDT cannot be used to store certain system entries: TSSs or LDTs. Call Gates and Task Gates are fine, however.
History
On x86 processors not having paging features, like the Intel 80286, the LDT is essential to implementing separate address spaces for multiple processes. There will be generally one LDT per user process, describing privately held memory, while shared memory and kernel memory will be described by the GDT. The operating system will switch the current LDT when scheduling a new process, using the LLDT machine instruction or when using a TSS. On the contrary, the GDT is generally not switched (although this may happen if virtual machine monitors like VMware are running on the computer).
The lack of symmetry between both tables is underlined by the fact that the current LDT can be automatically switched on certain events, notably if TSS-based multitasking is used, while this is not possible for the GDT. The LDT also cannot store certain privileged types of memory segments (e.g. TSSes). Finally, the LDT is actually defined by a descriptor inside the GDT, while the GDT is directly defined by a linear address.
Creating shared memory through the GDT has some drawbacks. Notably such memory is visible to every process and with equal rights. In order to restrict visibility and to differentiate the protection of shared memory, for example to only allow read-only access for some processes, one can use separate LDT entries, pointed at the same physical memory areas and only created in the LDTs of processes which have requested access to a given shared memory area.
LDT (and GDT) entries which point to identical memory areas are called aliases. Aliases are also typically created in order to get write access to code segments: an executable selector cannot be used for writing. (Protected mode programs constructed in the so-called tiny memory model, where everything is located in the same memory segment, must use separate selectors for code and data/stack, making both selectors technically "aliases" as well.) In the case of the GDT, aliases are also created in order to get access to system segments like the TSSes.
Segments have a "Present" flag in their descriptors, allowing them to be removed from memory if the need arises. For example, code segments or unmodified data segments can be thrown away, and modified data segments can be swapped out to disk. However, because entire segments need to be operated on as a unit, it is necessary to limit their size in order to ensure that swapping can happen in a timely fashion. However, using smaller, more easily swappable segments means that segment registers must be reloaded more frequently which is itself a time-consuming operation.
Modern usage
The Intel 80386 microprocessor introduced paging - allocating separate physical memory pages (themselves very small units of memory) at the same virtual addresses, with the advantage that disk paging is far faster and more efficient than segment swapping. Therefore, modern 32-bit x86 operating systems use the LDT very little, primarily to run legacy 16-bit code.
Should 16-bit code need to run in a 32-bit environment while sharing memory (this happens e.g. when running OS/2 1.x programs on OS/2 2.0 and later), the LDT must be written in such a way that every flat (paged) address has also a selector in the LDT (typically this results in the LDT being filled with 64 KiB entries). This technique is sometimes called LDT tiling. The limited size of the LDT means the virtual flat address space has to be limited to 512 megabytes (8191 times 64 KiB) - this is what happens on OS/2, although this limitation was fixed in version 4.5. It is also necessary to make sure that objects allocated in the 32-bit environment do not cross 64 KiB boundaries; this generates some address space waste.
If 32-bit code does not have to pass arbitrary memory objects to 16-bit code, e.g. presumably in the OS/2 1.x emulation present in Windows NT or in the Windows 3.1 emulation layer, it is not necessary to artificially limit the size of the 32-bit address space.
References
External links
Intel Architecture Software Developer's Manual
GDT Table at OSDev.org
GDT Tutorial at OSDev.org
Bran's Kernel Dev GDT Tutorial
BrokenThorn Protected Mode
X86 architecture
Memory management | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Global%20Descriptor%20Table |
Warren Frost (June 5, 1925 – February 17, 2017) was an American actor. His work was mainly in theater, but he worked in films and television sporadically from 1958. He is known for television roles on Matlock and Seinfeld, and particularly as Doctor Hayward on Twin Peaks, a series co-created by his son Mark Frost. He has also appeared in TV movies, such as Psycho IV: The Beginning (1990) and The Stand (1994).
Early life
Frost was born in 1925 in Newburyport, Massachusetts, and was raised in the Bronx and Essex Junction, Vermont.
At the age of 17, he enlisted in the United States Navy during World War II, and served aboard the destroyer escort in Europe during the Normandy landings. At the age of 21, he enrolled as an English major at Middlebury College in Vermont under the G.I. Bill.
Career
Frost spent much of his career in the Twin Cities, teaching at the University of Minnesota and serving as artistic director of the Chimera Theater in St. Paul. He had a small yet memorable role in the film adaptation of Slaughterhouse Five (1972), which was shot in the Minneapolis area.
Frost's Hollywood work in shows such as Twin Peaks and Matlock was essentially his second career, following his retirement from teaching and stage direction. He was aged 60 when his son Mark, co-creator of Twin Peaks with David Lynch, cast him in the role of Dr. Will Hayward. Frost appeared in thirty episodes of the series, and reprised the role in the feature film Twin Peaks: Fire Walk with Me although his scenes were cut. His appearance in Twin Peaks led to a recurring role in the legal drama Matlock.
In the Seinfeld TV series he played Henry Ross, father of Susan Ross, George Costanza's fiancée. His onscreen wife in Seinfeld was played by his Twin Peaks co-star Grace Zabriskie.
Frost returned to play Doc Hayward in the revived series of Twin Peaks, which began airing in May 2017.
Personal life
Frost married Mary Virginia Calhoun in 1949 and was the father of novelist, television screenwriter, and producer Mark Frost, actress Lindsay Frost, and writer Scott Frost. He was the grandfather of baseball player Lucas Giolito and actor Casey Giolito. He also has a grandson from his oldest son Mark.
Frost died at his home in Middlebury, Vermont, on February 17, 2017, following a long illness at the age of 91.
Filmography
Film
Television
References
External links
1925 births
2017 deaths
People from Newburyport, Massachusetts
Middlebury College alumni
Male actors from Massachusetts
Male actors from Vermont
American male stage actors
American male film actors
American male television actors
United States Navy personnel of World War II
University of Minnesota faculty
Frost family | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warren%20Frost |
Joe, Joey or Joseph Newman may refer to:
Musicians
Joe Newman (trumpeter) (1922–1992), American jazz musician
Joey Newman (born 1976), American film composer, orchestrator, arranger and conductor
Joe Newman (born 1991), English lead singer with indie rock band Alt-J
Writers
Joseph Simon Newman (1891–1960), American poet and entrepreneur
Joseph Newman (journalist) (1913–1995), American who lived in and wrote about Japan
Others
Joseph Newman (Texas settler) (1787–1831), Texas settler, one of Austin's Old Three Hundred
Joseph Newman (politician) (1815–1892), New Zealand MP
Joseph M. Newman (1909–2006), American film and TV director
Joseph Westley Newman (1936–2015), American inventor who claimed to have built an energy machine
Joe Newman (born 1937), American businessman, co-founder and CEO of American Basketball Association (2000–present) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Newman |
Yatesville Lake is a reservoir in Lawrence County, Kentucky in the far eastern part of the state, close to the town of Louisa.
The earthen dam was constructed in 1988 by the United States Army Corps of Engineers, with a height of 156 feet, and a length of 855 feet at its crest. It impounds Blaine Creek, a tributary of the Big Sandy River, for flood control and storm water management. The dam is owned and operated by the Huntington District, Great Lakes and Ohio River Division, Army Corps of Engineers.
The serpentine reservoir it creates, Yatesville Lake, has a normal water surface of 3.5 square miles, a maximum capacity of 83,300 acre-feet, and a normal capacity of 63,000 acre-feet. The maximum depth of the lake is 60 feet with an average mean depth of 17.7 feet. The shoreline measures 93.9 miles at summer pool level. Recreation includes fishing, hiking, and an 18-hole golf course at the Yatesville Lake State Park.
General
Yatesville Lake is located entirely in Lawrence County, Kentucky, on Blaine Creek; a tributary of the Big Sandy River. It was built under the Flood Control Act of 1965. The dam is rockfill, with a central impervious core and founded on rock. The length of the lake and boatable arms is 20.6 miles upstream from the dam and 18.1 miles upstream from where it flows into the Big Sandy River. The maximum depth of the lake is 60 feet with an average mean depth of 17.7 feet. The shoreline measures 93.9 miles at summer pool level. The lake's watershed is 208 miles. Winter Pool Elevation - 624.0 m.s.l. (1,745 acres) Summer Pool Elevation - 630.0 m.s.l. (2,242 acres) Flood Pool Elevation - 645.0 m.s.l. (3,805 acres).
Historical Information
Adams Cabin, located in the Project's Information Center, was built in the mid-nineteenth century. It was originally located on a Blaine Creek farmstead of several hundred acres with a household of eleven people. When the lake was being constructed, the house was documented and removed. A Wicket Dam Exhibit is located in the Project's Information Center. From 1875 until the turn of the century, the Corps of Engineers constructed a series of 53 wicket dams to canalize the Ohio River to meet the demands of year-round navigation beginning at Davis Island near Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania and traveling the length of the river to Cairo, Illinois. The exhibit depicts this process. An Oil Well Exhibit is located adjacent to the Project Office/Information Center parking lot. The oil well equipment was pulled from an oil field at Little Blaine Creek before the water from the lake covered the site. The exhibit depicts the common method of oil production at the turn of the century.
References
Reservoirs in Kentucky
Dams in Kentucky
United States Army Corps of Engineers dams
Dams completed in 1988
Bodies of water of Lawrence County, Kentucky
Buildings and structures in Lawrence County, Kentucky
1988 establishments in Kentucky | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yatesville%20Lake |
Ganweriwal ( ), more commonly known as Ganweriwala, is an archaeological site in the Cholistan Desert of southern Punjab, Pakistan. It was one of the largest cities within the Indus Valley civilisation, one of the most extensive Bronze Age Civilisations, and is believed to have been a city centre within the Civilisation. The site was rediscovered in the 1970s by Mohammad Rafique Mughal but has not been properly excavated. Collection of surface finds and surveying of the site has shown mudbrick walls similar to those found in other Indus Valley sites, as well as unicorn figurines, a copper seal and an impressed clay tablet. The future of the site as well as any excavation work is threatened by the continuing development of the surrounding area for agricultural use as well as the construction of a road through the middle of the site.
Location
Ganweriwala is situated near the Indian Border on the dry riverbed of the Ghaggar-Hakra, now part of the vast Cholistan desert. The size of the site is a contentious issue with four different sizes having been reported at different times.
The city is near equidistant from two major cities of the Indus Valley, 340 km northeast of Mohenjo-daro and 260 km southwest of Harappa.
In recent times the land surrounding the site is inhospitable to people but in the time of the Indus Valley Civilisation the area was fed by the Hakra River, making the area fertile and the citizens of the area were able to grow crops and to farm animals.
Historical context
Ganweriwala was the 5th largest city within the Indus Valley Civilisation and is believed to have been a major centre from 2600 to 1900 BC. The Indus Valley Civilisation was a Bronze Age Civilisation which at its zenith had an estimated population of 5 million. Together with Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt, it was one of the earliest complex civilisations, and of the three, was the most extensive. Ganweriwala was one of the largest cities within the Indus Valley Civilisation but is the least explored. Ganweriwala is believed to have followed the typical Indus Civilisation town planning. It had an Upper town and a Lower town as is seen in the presence of the two different mounds.
The civilisation was extraordinarily sophisticated for the time, with sewerage systems, counting systems, a well-developed means of communication, and much evidence of artistic activity.Artefacts have shown that the citizens of Ganweriwala took part in the production of crafts such as beads, pottery and figurines, and the production of industrial artefacts such as blades and clay tablets. A similar level of material culture was seen across the towns and cities in the Indus Valley. This indicates that extensive trade occurred within the region. Research has also shown that trade occurred between the Indus Valley and Mesopotamia. Archaeological evidence suggests that the Indus Valley Civilisation was primarily dependent on farming. Grains and garden vegetables were grown, and cattle husbandry was important to the farming economy of the region.
Though several inscriptions of the Harrappan language have been found, it remains undeciphered. Various researchers have claimed to be able to understand the script but no agreement across these various claims has yet been reached. The script consists of different symbols, iconography and code words which were written on clay tables, seals and pots. The modern language family of Dravidian may be the closest modern language to the script of the Indus Valley according to recent research.A regular measurement system was also used and standardised throughout the Civilisation, that has a 96% accuracy rate. The system follows the underlying principles of the binary and decimal systems.
It is not clear how the Indus Valley was organised politically, but it has been argued that it may not have been organised with a centralized leadership and economy as well as a social system based on a hierarchy, as was originally though, and as has been seen in other early civilisations. Archaeological evidence shows that though there was some degree of homogeneity in the culture throughout the region there was large amounts of regional diversity. It has been hypothesised that the Indus Valley consisted of many city-states.
There are three distinct periods recognised in the history of the Indus Valley; Early Harappan, Harappan and post-Harappan. The Early Harappan refers to the period between 3300 and 2600 BCE throughout which the area had a diverse range of regional cultures. During this time there was large growth in the population of the region, which in turn saw growth in the size and number of settlements in the area . Evidence from archaeologists suggests that this time saw the beginning of social differentiation and craft specialisation.
The Harappan period was between 2600 and 1900 BCE and is characterised by an increase in the urban environment and major city centres. Settlement sizes increase and so too did the urban built environment. Standardised systems were adopted throughout the region and baked bricks were used for building. This period also saw relationships forming between neighbouring civilisations, and these new socio-economic and socio-cultural connections helped to create a more strongly connected urban society.
The post-Harappan period occurred around 1900 BCE and marked a period of vast changes in the economic, political and cultural state of the Indus Valley, as well as great changes to the environment. The main cities were abandoned in favour of settlements in the north-eastern part of present-day Pakistan. There is evidence that citizens stopped using cubical weights, square steatite seals and statues of the mother goddess during this time, possibly suggesting there was a lack of centralised control during this time.
The time and reason for the end of the Indus Valley Civilisation is unknown. It is suggested that changes to the climate and geography of the region may have caused the collapse. Tectonic movement may have caused the Indus River to flood, whilst the Ghaggar Hakra River is believed to have dried up. As these two rivers were the main source of water for the Indus Valley and supported their agricultural system, these changes may have led to its decline. Alternatively, some scholars have hypothesised that human interferences, perhaps an invasion or unsustainable population growth may have caused the collapse.
Rediscovery and excavation
The Indus Valley was originally rediscovered in the Cholistan desert by Sir Aurel Stein in 1941. The area was again explored by Henry Field in 1955. Finally, Ganweriwala was discovered when Mohammad Rafique Mughal surveyed the area in the 1970s and rediscovered 174 Mature Harrapan sites along the Hakra riverbed. Ganweriwala was the most significant site due to its size. Mughal estimated it to be similar to that of Mohenjo-daro and Harrappa, the two capital cities of the Indus Valley Civilisation.
Ganweriwala was surveyed for the first time in 2007 when the Government of Pakistan's Department of Archaeology and Museums issued a license to Punjab University's Department of Archaeology. The survey began by establishing a systematic grid of the site in order to map Ganweriwala, and to aid future excavations of the site. The site is made up of two mounds, Mound A is located further east and Mound B, the larger of the two, is located in the west of the site. A main street acted as the central passage for transportation and movement of goods for both parts of the town. These features suggest that Ganweriwala follows the grid plan typical to the Indus Civilisation.
Whilst Mughal initially estimated that Ganweriwala covered 81.5 hectares measurements from the Punjab University team estimated the site to be only 42 hectares. It was hypothesised that the remaining 39 hectares that Mughal reported may have been covered by sand dunes, and that they could be uncovered with further excavation work. The Cholistan desert has changed dramatically over the past decades. However, both these measurements were based on traditional measuring techniques which are inaccurate. It is believed that this may explain the disparity in measurements. In 2008 Masih estimated the site to measure 64 ha, and finally a 2021 survey using more advanced measurement systems, created a contour map showing the Ganweriwala site to be 66.7 ha. Therefore the most recent estimate is considered the most accurate but excavation is needed to confirm the size.
Any future excavations of Ganweriwala face challenges as the area continues to be developed for agricultural use. The area is also subjected to military operations, private hunting parties and treasure hunters, which may damage the site. The survey by Punjab University noted that a 4-metre-wide road had been constructed through the middle of the Ganweriwala site for hunting parties from the UAE. Though this is unfortunate for the damage it may have caused the site it did provide ready-made sections across the upper sections of the mounds which allowed the team to examine the site further. Despite these issues, it is believed that the majority of the Ganweriwala site may have been preserved by the sand dunes under which it now exists.
No scientific excavations have been done on the site, but through surveying, mapping and collecting surface artefacts, several important finds have been made at Ganweriwala.A 90 cm wide mud-brick wall was found running south- north across Mound A. Carbon samples were able to date the upper levels of the site to around the Harappa Period 3C approximately 2300 to 1900 BC. The contours of the site are hypothesised to be house blocks with streets running between them. The layout is similar to other Harappan settlements, though proper scientific excavation methods are needed to confirm these hypotheses. Surface finds were collected and examined. They include ceramics both painted and plain, copper tools, stone tools, fired bricks, wedge shaped bricks, steatite disc beads, and agate beads. Notable finds include unicorn figurines, a copper seal, and an impressed clay tablet.
Significant finds
Collections of surface finds from Ganweriwala have been conducted several times from 1972 to 2015. The site is covered in millions of artefacts, which can be divided into four different types based on their function and features; these groups are bricks, mnemotechnic artefacts, adornments and toys, and utility artefacts. Different types of artefacts can usually be found in different parts of the Mounds at Ganweriwala, this may reflect the different socio-economic activities that occurred in the different parts of the city.
Impressed clay tablet
An impressed clay tablet was found on Mound A. It features a male deity, nude and seated in a yogi position with outstretched arms, on a throne with a disciple underneath him. The tablet measure 2 cm long and 1 cm wide. It is broken and twisted. There are three well known Indus script signs on the other face of the tablet.
Copper seal
A badly corroded copper seal was also found and is the first of its kind to be found in the area. No signs are recognisable due to the damage but an X-ray fluorescence analysis showed that the seal was composed of 99.89% pure copper.
Unicorn Figurines
Four terracotta unicorn figurines were found at Ganweriwala and though depictions of unicorns are frequently found across sites within the Indus Valley, it is rarer to find them in terracotta form. Though they have been found at three other cities, (Harappa, Mohenjo-daro and Chanhudaro) they had never been found in such a large quantity at one site.
Terracotta pieces
Three samples (GNW-1, GNW-2, GNW-3), collected by Sidra Gulzar, were analysed using SEM-EDX analysis to identify the primary elements present in the samples. The samples were fragments from a neck of a jar, a perforated pot and the base of a pot. The results showed that the samples contained high levels of carbon and silicon. Also, that the raw materials used to make the three samples came from a similar location. The differing levels of iron and calcium in GNW-1 and GNW-3 as compared to GNW-2 revealed that they were fired at different temperatures.
Bricks
Surveying of the Ganweriwala site found evidence of baked bricks. During the Harappan period of the Indus Valley, bricks that were used for constructing big cities were typically built in a ratio of 1:2:4. The bricks that were found at Ganweriwala also followed this standardized size. It has been hypothesized that a special mould might have been used in order to keep the size of the bricks uniform. The presence of baked bricks also indicates that the area had abundant raw materials with which to make the bricks as well as sufficient fuel to fire the bricks.
See also
List of Indus Valley Civilization sites
References
Archaeological sites in Punjab, Pakistan
Indus Valley civilisation sites
Former populated places in Pakistan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ganweriwal |
The term Western Palearctic black-and-white flycatchers is used to refer to a group of similar-looking birds in the genus Ficedula:
Atlas pied flycatcher F. speculigera which breeds in Northwest Africa
Collared flycatcher F. albicollis which breeds in Eastern Europe
European pied flycatcher F. hypoleuca which breeds in Western Europe
Semi-collared flycatcher F. semitorquata of Southeast Europe and Southwest Asia
European pied and collared flycatchers hybridise to a limited extent where their ranges meet; the hybrids have reduced fitness and usually do not survive their first winter (Parkin 2003). Female hybrids are usually sterile (Gelter et al. 1992; see also Haldane's Rule).
All species leave their breeding grounds to winter in Sub-Saharan Africa.
References
Gelter, H. P.; Tegelström, H. & Gustafsson, L. (1992): Evidence from hatching success and DNA fingerprinting for the fertility of hybrid Pied × Collared Flycatchers Ficedula hypoleuca – albicollis. Ibis 134(1): 62–68.
Parkin, David T. (2003): Birding and DNA: species for the new millennium. Bird Study 50(3): 223–242. HTML abstract
Ficedula | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Western%20Palearctic%20black-and-white%20flycatchers |
Treacher is an English surname; notable Treachers include:
Arthur Treacher (1894–1975), English actor
Bill Treacher (1930–2022), English actor
George Treacher (–1908), British architect
Sir John Treacher (1924–2018), British admiral
Sir William Treacher (1849–1919), British colonial administrator
See also
Arthur Treacher's, an American seafood restaurant chain
Treacher–Collins syndrome, a genetic disorder
Treacher Methodist Girls' School in Taiping, Malaysia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treacher |
Mad Sin is a German psychobilly group that began in 1987. Their style is not "...constrained by the psychobilly tag but veer[s] into punk, country and metal influences too."
Style
Mad Sin, formed in 1987, have been inspired by horror punk and B-movie, with a theatrical style. Without abandoning the psycho-horror lyrical content, their musical arrangements have widened to incorporate other variables. That attitude blasts through Mad Sin's sped-up combination of rockabilly, punk, white-trash blues and tongue-in-cheek sarcasm.
History
1980s
Founded 1987 by Koefte De Ville, who had just dropped out of school, punk and rockabilly guitarist Stein and four-week-bass-playing Holly, they struggled around with the help of some friends, who organized gigs in several shady bars of Berlin. They played as street musicians in shopping malls, where they played rockabilly, country, and blues songs to get the tourist's money.
2010
On April 23, 2010, Mad Sin released their eleventh album Burn and Rise on People Like You records.
2020
On September 11, 2020, Mad Sin released their twelfth album Unbreakable on Century Media.
Side projects
Koefte formed a side project called Dead Kings with members of Batmobile, Nekromantix, Klingonz & Milwaukee Wildmen. Holly, his brother, and Tex followed their Rockabilly roots and Dusty Gray and His Rough Riding Ramblers. Stein joined the United Swindlers with members of Frantic Flintstones and Ripmen. Peter Sandorff is a member of the Psychobilly band Hola Ghost.
Valle, Tex Morton and Andy Laaf are the "Berlin Three" of U.S. Bombs and One Man Army Drummer Chip Hanna in his Country/Americana project Chip Hanna & The Berlin Three which Chip started in 2006.
Members
Core
Koefte Deville (Birthname: Mourad Calvies) - Vocals
Valle - Bass and Backing Vocals
Manny Anzaldo - Guitar and Backing Vocals
Andy Kandil - Guitar and Backing Vocals
KO Ristolainen - Drums
Other members
Hellvis - Backing Vocals
Guest members
Tommy Gun - Drums
Micha - Drums
Nick 13 - Vocals
Patricia Day - Vocals
Lars Frederiksen - Vocals
Hulk Hogan - Vocals ("Brrrother!")
Albums
Chills and Thrills in a Drama of Mad Sins and Mystery (1988)
Distorted Dimensions (1990)
Amphigory (1991)
Break the Rules (1992)
A Ticket into Underworld (1993)
God Save the Sin (1996)
Sweet & Innocent?... Loud & Dirty! (1998)
Survival Of The Sickest (2002)
Dead Moon's Calling (2005)
Teachin' the Goodies (2006)
20 Years in Sin Sin (2007)
Burn and Rise (2010)
25 Years - Still Mad (2012)
Unbreakable (2020)
Videography
Scarred ol'heart
All This and More (1998)
Cursed (2010)
Nine lives (2012)
References
External links
Official Myspace Page
Psychobilly groups
German punk rock groups | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mad%20Sin |
The term "Maximum Leader" () has been used by, or to describe, a number of politicians, including:
Fidel Castro, Cuban revolutionary and political leader (1959–2008); the title is not utilised in Cuba
Omar Torrijos, Panamian dictator (1968–1981); recognised as "Maximum Leader of the Panamanian Revolution" in the 1972 Constitution of Panama
Manuel Noriega, Panamian dictator (1983–1989); the title was officially given to him in 1989 by the National Assembly of Panama
Massimo D'Alema, Italian prime minister (1998–2000); the title was chiefly used humorously in the media | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximum%20Leader |
Cally is a fictional character from the British science fiction television series Blake's 7, played by Jan Chappell from 1978 to 1981. She is the titular subject of an audio drama released in August 2009.
Development
It was originally intended that Cally would wear black contact lenses to make her look more alien. Jonathan Bignell and Andrew O'Day write that "Cally (Jan Chappell), conceived much later as an alien from the planet Saurian Major, is introduced in the fourth episode 'Time Squad'. In early drafts of the episode 'she was explicitly described as being like 'an Israeli terrorist girl' and her name echoes Kali, the Hindu goddess of death. In the final televised version she is the only survivor of a guerrilla force that attacked the Federation, and comes closest to paralleling Blake's political aims."
Fictional biography
Character overview
Cally was the only alien amongst the original crew, a native of the planet Auron. She left her home world to help the resistance fighters on Saurian Major and was subsequently exiled by her isolationist people. When a chemical poison was dropped on the rebels, she was the only survivor and was determined to make a suicide attack on the base until she met and joined with Blake. She was initially ashamed to return to Auron because she was the only survivor of the resistance.
Cally was the only member of the original seven who was not a convicted criminal. Like other members of the Auron race, Cally was telepathic and her psychic abilities were a great asset to the crew. On the other hand, it occasionally made her susceptible to being taken over by telepathic influence ("The Web," "Shadow," "Sarcophagus"). While her initial role was monitoring communications, she eventually became a skilled medic and pilot. Initially as fanatical as Blake in fighting the Federation, she, along with Gan, became the moral "conscience" of the crew, once even questioning Blake whether destroying Star One was worth the "many many (innocent) people" he would kill as a result. She even questions his entire crusade, wondering if he has made them all 'fanatics' to which Blake becomes defensive. Cally has come a long way from the rebel who would kill until she was killed on Saurian Major, developing the conscience which Blake never showed in his terrorist acts.
While Cally was rather distant and philosophical at first, as the series went on she became more connected to the crew and would display a dry wit on occasion.
Tragedy eventually marked Cally. Servalan, in a gambit to have herself cloned, deliberately infected Auron with a disease to which she alone had the cure. Almost all of the Aurons were killed, including Cally's twin sister Zelda. Cally herself was later killed by Servalan's explosives on Terminal in series four opener Rescue, whilst calling out to Blake with her last thoughts.
Avon confirmed her death after returning to the ruined and collapsing tunnels. He was very certain when he tells Tarrant, his voice becoming softer, as it is often when talking to or about Cally, and then he looks away in the distance.
Reception
The character has been positively received by fans and critics alike. Ben Rawson-Jones describes the character as "Blake's 7 fans’… beloved Cally." In a review of her debut, John Bensalhia writes, "One of the most popular regulars, Cally is well portrayed by Jan Chappell right from the word go. Initially, she's seen as a tough-as-nails freedom fighter, hostile to Blake, and ready to commit suicide after the deaths of her fellow companions. Already at this story, we're given some clue as to how Cally interacts with her future friends - she looks up to Blake as the leader, Vila's clearly taken with her, but Cally is more interested in Avon, who, amazingly, seems to return the interest, given his distrust of other people. It's a shame that Cally's part would be watered down in future stories - especially in Season Two, where she's mostly stuck glum-faced behind the teleport controls - but here at least, she gets a strong debut."
In a more scholarly analysis, Camille Bacon-Smith writes, "In the Blake's 7 character Cally, who can never experience the telepathic presence of another because her people are dead and the humans cannot communicate on her level, the loneliness of many women who feel that they give understanding but receive nothing back to nurture their sense of belonging finds representation." Bacon-Smith identifies further a contrast between Mr. Spock and Cally, noting how unlike Spock, "the telepathic alien Cally on Blake's 7 could send thoughts but could only receive those sent by another telepath. Separated from her own people, Cally could communicate with others at the level of the mind, but she could never receive communication in return. Whereas for Spock telepathy diminished the solitude of the alien, for Cally telepathy only made her alien solitude more acute. Bacon-Smith goes on to argue that while "Mr. Spock represents the positive value of an understanding merged with the other, Cally represents the tragedy when comprehension of the totality of the other is forever denied." Bacon-Smith's assertion is just an opinion: there is nothing to specifically say that other crew members have not developed the skills to communicate with her telepathically, for example there are scenes where Avon appears to communicate telepathically with her.
Audio drama
In the Blake's 7 Productions audio drama series Blake's 7: The Early Years three Callys appear in the story Blood and Earth: Ariane (played by Amy Humphreys), Jorden (played by Barbara Joslyn), with Jan Chappell playing an elder relative, "Cally Secundus" (the second Cally ever to be born on Auron).
Two more Callys, Katrina (nicknamed "Skate", played by Susannah Doyle) and her twin sister Merrin (played by Natalie Walter), feature in the B7 Productions audio drama Flag and Flame.
References
Further reading
External links
"Cally (Character) from "Blake's 7" (1978) ," The Internet Movie Database
Blake's 7 Productions' Blake's 7 - The Early Years: Cally
Blake's 7
Fictional telepaths
Television characters introduced in 1978
Fictional revolutionaries
Science fiction television characters | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cally%20%28Blake%27s%207%29 |
Asshole is the second solo studio album by Kiss's Gene Simmons and it was released in 2004 on Sanctuary Records. Its controversial title does not appear on the front cover. On the side of the CD case the title reads "asshole". "It's just another way of me saying, 'I don't care what anyone says about me," Simmons declared. "I'm preempting what people say and therefore diffusing the power of my detractors."
Background
The album contains a song cowritten by Bob Dylan. "A lot of Bob Dylan's lyrics just make me take a breath and go, 'Okay, I will never be in that class," Simmons remarked. "If you look at the lyrics to one song – The Times They Are a-Changin' or Blowin' in the Wind – that's a lifetime achievement."
"Black Tongue" was based on an unfinished song of the same name composed by Frank Zappa. Simmons licensed a recording of Zappa playing the initial riff and built a new composition around it, with playing by Dweezil Zappa and backup vocals by Dweezil, Ahmet Zappa, Moon Unit Zappa and Frank Zappa's widow, Gail.
Dave Navarro plays guitar on the Prodigy cover "Firestarter".
Track listing
The Japanese edition featured two bonus tracks: Everybody Knows and You're My Reason For Living.
Personnel
Gene Simmons – vocals, rhythm guitars on track 3, bass on tracks 1, 3, 7, 10, 11
Mark Addison – drums, bass, keyboards, guitar, background vocals on track 5
Michelle Casio – background vocals on track 8
Dan Cuprier – drums on track 8
Jeff Diehl – keyboards on track 7
Zachary Grant – background vocals on track 7
Richie Kotzen – guitars on tracks 10, 11
Bruce Kulick – guitars on tracks 1 & 3
Brian LeBarton – piano on track 8
Hollad McRae – lead guitar on track 8
Dave Navarro – guitar on track 2
Kylie O'Brien – background vocals on track 7
Chris Parrish – background vocals on track 11
Steve Parrish – background vocals on track 11
Thomas Ruud – lead guitar, rhythm guitar on track 6
Eric Singer – drums on tracks 1 & 3
Nina Singh – drums, guitar, percussion, background vocals on track 5
Frank Albin Tostrup – drums, bass, rhythm guitars, percussion on track 6
Louise Tweed – background vocals on track 8
Shannon Tweed – background noise on track 8
Nick Tweed Simmons – background vocals on track 11
Sophie Tweed Simmons – background vocals on track 7
Nira Weiss – background vocals on track 8
Dave Williams – background vocals on track 8
Ahmet Zappa – background vocals on track 10
Dweezil Zappa – guitar solo, background vocals on track 10
Frank Zappa – guitars, voice on track 10
Moon Zappa – background vocals on track 10
Gail Zappa – background vocals on track 10
Charts
References
Gene Simmons albums
2004 albums
Sanctuary Records albums
Albums produced by Gene Simmons | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Asshole%20%28album%29 |
Joseph Dwight Newman (September 7, 1922 – July 4, 1992) was an American jazz trumpeter, composer, and educator, best known as a musician who worked with Count Basie during two periods.
Early life and education
Newman was born in New Orleans, Louisiana, to Dwight, (pianist) and Louise Newman, a musical family, having his first music lessons from David Jones. He attended Alabama State College, where he joined the college band (the Bama State Collegians), became its leader, and took it on tour.
Career
In 1941, he joined Lionel Hampton for two years, before signing with Count Basie, with whom he stayed for a total of thirteen years, interrupted by short breaks and a long period (1947–1952) spent first with saxophonist Illinois Jacquet and then drummer J. C. Heard. During his second period with Basie, which lasted for about nine years, he made a number of small-group recordings as the leader. He also played on Benny Goodman's 1962 tour of the Soviet Union.
In 1961, Newman left the Basie band and helped to found Jazz Interactions, of which he became president in 1967. His wife, Rigmor Alfredsson Newman, was the Executive Director. Jazz Interactions was a charitable organization which provided an information service, brought jazz master classes into schools and colleges, and later maintained its own Jazz Interaction Orchestra (for which Newman wrote).
In the 1970s and 1980s, Newman toured internationally and recorded for several record labels.
Personal life
Newman suffered a stroke in 1991, however, which seriously disabled him, and he died of complications from the condition in 1992.
Discography
As leader
1954: Joe Newman and His Band (Vanguard)
1954: Joe Newman and the Boys in the Band (Storyville)
1955: All I Wanna Do Is Swing (RCA Victor)
1955: The Count's Men (Jazztone) also released as Swing Lightly
1955: I'm Still Swinging (RCA Victor)
1956: New Sounds in Swing (Jazztone) with Billy Byers also released as Byers' Guide
1956: Salute to Satch (RCA Victor)
1956: I Feel Like a Newman (Storyville)
1956: The Midgets (Vik)
1957: Locking Horns (Rama) with Zoot Sims
1957: The Happy Cats (Coral)
1958: Soft Swingin' Jazz (Coral)
1958: Joe Newman with Woodwinds (Roulette)
1958: Counting Five in Sweden (Metronome) also released on World Pacific
1960: Jive at Five (Swingville)
1961: Good 'n' Groovy (Swingville)
1961: Joe's Hap'nin's (Swingville)
1961: Joe Newman Quintet at Count Basie's (Mercury)
1962: In a Mellow Mood (Stash)
196?: Shiny Stockings (Honey Dew)
1975: Satchmo Remembered (Atlantic)
1977: At the Atlantic (Phontastic)
1978: I Love My Baby (Black & Blue)
1984: Hangin' Out (Concord) with Joe Wilder
1989: Midgets (Panton)
1992: A Grand Night for Swingin': The Joe Newman Memorial Album (Natasha)
1994: Jazz for Playboys (Savoy)
1999: In Sweden (Jazz Information)
2003: Jazz in Paris: Jazz at Midnight (Sunnyside)
As sideman
With Manny Albam
The Drum Suite (RCA Victor, 1956) with Ernie Wilkins
Brass on Fire (Sold State, 1966)
The Soul of the City (Solid State, 1966)
With Lorez Alexandria
Early in the Morning (Argo, 1960)
With Gene Ammons
Twisting the Jug (Prestige, 1961) - with Jack McDuff
With the Count Basie Orchestra
The Count! (Clef, 1952 [1955])
Basie Jazz (Clef, 1952 [1954])
The Swinging Count! (Clef 1952 [1956])
Dance Session (Clef, 1953)
Dance Session Album#2 (Clef, 1954)
Basie (Clef, 1954)
Count Basie Swings, Joe Williams Sings (Clef, 1955) with Joe Williams
April in Paris (Verve, 1956)
The Greatest!! Count Basie Plays, Joe Williams Sings Standards with Joe Williams
Metronome All-Stars 1956 (Clef, 1956) with Ella Fitzgerald and Joe Williams
Hall of Fame (Verve, 1956 [1959])
Basie in London (Verve, 1956)
One O'Clock Jump (Verve, 1957) with Joe Williams and Ella Fitzgerald
Count Basie at Newport (Verve, 1957)
The Atomic Mr. Basie (Roulette, 1957) aka Basie and E=MC2
Basie Plays Hefti (Roulette, 1958)
Sing Along with Basie (Roulette, 1958) - with Joe Williams and Lambert, Hendricks & Ross
Basie One More Time (Roulette, 1959)
Breakfast Dance and Barbecue (Roulette, 1959)
Everyday I Have the Blues (Roulette, 1959) - with Joe Williams
Dance Along with Basie (Roulette, 1959)
Not Now, I'll Tell You When (Roulette, 1960)
The Count Basie Story (Roulette, 1960)
Kansas City Suite (Roulette, 1960)
Back with Basie (Roulette, 1962)
High Voltage (MPS, 1970)
With Louis Bellson and Gene Krupa
The Mighty Two (Roulette, 1963)
With Bob Brookmeyer
Jazz Is a Kick (Mercury, 1960)
Gloomy Sunday and Other Bright Moments (Verve, 1961)
With Ray Bryant
Dancing the Big Twist (Columbia, 1961)
MCMLXX (Atlantic, 1970) - guest on 1 track
With Benny Carter
'Live and Well in Japan! (Pablo Live, 1978)
With Buck Clayton
The Huckle-Buck and Robbins' Nest (Columbia, 1954)
How Hi the Fi (Columbia, 1954)
Jumpin' at the Woodside (Columbia, 1955)
All the Cats Join In (Columbia 1956)
Jam Session #1 (Chiaroscuro, 1974)
Jam Session #2 (Chiaroscuro, 1975)
With Arnett Cobb
Keep On Pushin' (Bee Hive, 1984)
With Al Cohn
Mr. Music (RCA Victor, 1955)
The Natural Seven (RCA Victor, 1955)
That Old Feeling (RCA Victor, 1955)
Four Brass One Tenor (RCA Victor, 1955)
With Hank Crawford
Double Cross (Atlantic, 1968)
Mr. Blues Plays Lady Soul (Atlantic, 1969)
With Eddie "Lockjaw" Davis
Count Basie Presents Eddie Davis Trio + Joe Newman (Roulette, 1958) with Count Basie
With Bo Diddley
Big Bad Bo (Chess, 1974)
With Dexter Gordon
Swiss Nights Vol. 3 (SteepleChase, 1975 [1979]) - guest on 1 track
With Freddie Green
Mr. Rhythm (RCA Victor, 1955)
With Al Grey
The Last of the Big Plungers (Argo, 1959)
The Thinking Man’s Trombone (Argo, 1960)
With Eddie Harris
The Electrifying Eddie Harris (Atlantic, 1967)
Plug Me In (Atlantic, 1968)
Silver Cycles (Atlantic, 1968)
With Coleman Hawkins
Things Ain't What They Used to Be (Swingville, 1961) as part of the Prestige Swing Festival
With Johnny Hodges
Sandy's Gone (Verve, 1963)
With Milt Jackson
Plenty, Plenty Soul (Atlantic, 1957)
With Illinois Jacquet
The King! (Prestige, 1968)
The Soul Explosion (Prestige, 1969)
With Eddie Jefferson
Things Are Getting Better (Muse, 1974)
With Budd Johnson
Off the Wall (Argo, 1964)
With J. J. Johnson
Broadway Express (RCA Victor, 1965)
With Etta Jones
Etta Jones Sings (Roulette, 1965)
With Quincy Jones
The Birth of a Band! (Mercury, 1959)
Golden Boy (Mercury, 1964)
I/We Had a Ball (Limelight, 1965)
Quincy Plays for Pussycats (Mercury, 1959-65 [1965])
With Irene Kral
SteveIreneo! (United Artists, 1959)
With Yusef Lateef
Part of the Search (Atlantic, 1973)
With Mundell Lowe
Satan in High Heels (soundtrack) (Charlie Parker, 1961)
With Junior Mance
I Believe to My Soul (Atlantic, 1968)
With Herbie Mann
Latin Mann (Columbia, 1965)
Our Mann Flute (Atlantic, 1966)
With Jack McDuff
The Fourth Dimension (Cadet, 1974)
With Gary McFarland
The Jazz Version of "How to Succeed in Business without Really Trying" (Verve, 1962)
Tijuana Jazz (Impulse!, 1965) with Clark Terry
Profiles (Impulse!, 1966)
With Jimmy McGriff
The Big Band (Solid State, 1966)
A Bag Full of Blues (Solid State, 1967)
With Jay McShann
The Last of the Blue Devils (Atlantic, 1978)
With the Modern Jazz Quartet
Plastic Dreams (Atlantic, 1971)
With James Moody
Moody and the Brass Figures (Milestone, 1966)
With Oliver Nelson
Main Stem (Prestige, 1962)
Oliver Nelson Plays Michelle (Impulse!, 1966)
Happenings with Hank Jones (Impulse!, 1966)
Encyclopedia of Jazz (Verve, 1966)
The Sound of Feeling (Verve, 1966)
With David "Fathead" Newman
Bigger & Better (Atlantic, 1968)
With Buddy Rich
The Wailing Buddy Rich (Norgran, 1955)
With Jerome Richardson
Groove Merchant (Verve, 1968)
With Shirley Scott
Roll 'Em: Shirley Scott Plays the Big Bands (Impulse!, 1966)
With Jimmy Smith
Hoochie Coochie Man (Verve, 1966)
With Dakota Staton
I Want a Country Man (Groove Merchant, 1973)
With Sonny Stitt
Kaleidoscope (Prestige, 1952 [1957])
Sonny Stitt Plays Arrangements from the Pen of Quincy Jones (Roost, 1955)
The Matadors Meet the Bull (Roulette, 1965)
I Keep Comin' Back! (Roulette, 1966)
The Champ (Muse Records, 1973)
With Clark Terry and Chico O'Farrill
Spanish Rice (Impulse!, 1966)
With Eddie "Cleanhead" Vinson
Clean Head's Back in Town (Bethlehem, 1957)
With Frank Wess
Jazz for Playboys (Savoy, 1957)
With Larry Willis
A New Kind of Soul (LLP, 1970)
With Kai Winding
Kai Olé (Verve, 1961)
References
Sources and external links
Ian Carr, Digby Fairweather, & Brian Priestley. Jazz: The Rough Guide.
Richard Cook & Brian Morton. The Penguin Guide to Jazz on CD 6th edition.
[ Joe Newman] — brief biography by Scott Yanow, for AllMusic
"I'm Still Learning" — Joe Newman interviewed by Les Tomkins in 1977
1922 births
1992 deaths
Swing trumpeters
Swing composers
American jazz trumpeters
American male trumpeters
Count Basie Orchestra members
Jazz musicians from New Orleans
20th-century jazz composers
20th-century American composers
American male jazz composers
American jazz composers
Orchestra U.S.A. members
Storyville Records artists
RCA Victor artists
Black & Blue Records artists
20th-century American male musicians
Roulette Records artists
Vanguard Records artists
Coral Records artists
Concord Records artists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe%20Newman%20%28trumpeter%29 |
Robert Freeman Smith (June 16, 1931September 21, 2020), commonly known as Bob Smith, was an American Republican politician who represented Oregon in the United States House of Representatives from 1983 to 1995 and from 1997 to 1999.
Early life and education
Smith was born in Portland, Oregon, and grew up in Burns, Oregon. His father, Benjamin F. Smith, was a doctor. He attended Willamette University in Salem, Oregon, graduating in 1953 with a bachelor's degree in agriculture. He worked as a rancher until his election to the Oregon House of Representatives in 1960.
Career
Smith served in the state House from 1961 to 1973, serving as Speaker of the House for the 1969 and 1971 sessions. He was in the Oregon Senate from 1973 to 1981 and served as minority leader from 1978 to 1982. Between 1965 and 1969, Smith was the president of the Oregon Public Land Commission.
Smith was elected to Congress from Oregon's 2nd congressional district in 1982. The district's incumbent, freshman Republican Denny Smith (no relation), opted to run in the newly created 5th district after it absorbed much of the western portion of the old 2nd, including Denny Smith's home in Salem. Smith served in Congress until 1995. After a brief retirement, he returned to Congress in 1997. Wes Cooley, the Republican who had succeeded Smith in the House, had been caught in several lies about his military service and Smith was persuaded to come out of retirement. Upon his return, he was elected chairman of the House Agriculture Committee, but only served one term before retiring for good.
Personal life
On February 19, 1966, Smith married Kaye Elizabeth Tomlinson in Salem. Her father was the clerk of Marion County. The wedding was attended by F. F. Montgomery, the Speaker of the Oregon House of Representatives, among others. By January 1971, Smith and his wife had two sons and a daughter.
Car wreck
On February 8, 2016, Smith struck and killed a pedestrian while driving in Medford, Oregon. The pedestrian was in the crosswalk when Smith hit him with his car, and he later died at the scene. Smith did not flee the scene, was cooperative with investigators, and was determined to not be under the influence of intoxicants at the time of the wreck. No charges or citations were filed against him regarding the wreck.
Death
Smith died on September 21, 2020, in Medford, Oregon at the age of 89.
References
External links
1931 births
2020 deaths
Willamette University alumni
Speakers of the Oregon House of Representatives
People from Burns, Oregon
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Oregon
Ranchers from Oregon
Politicians from Portland, Oregon
20th-century American politicians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bob%20Smith%20%28Oregon%20politician%29 |
Hyman Roth (born Hyman Suchowsky) is a fictional character and the main antagonist in the 1974 film The Godfather Part II. He is also a minor character in the 2004 novel The Godfather Returns. Roth is a Jewish mobster, investor and a business partner of Vito Corleone, and later his son Michael Corleone. He is based on notorious mobster and gambling kingpin Meyer Lansky. It was Al Pacino who suggested Lee Strasberg, his former acting teacher, for the role.
Character overview
Roth's background is supplied in a deleted scene in The Godfather Part II. In this scene, set in Little Italy, New York in the early 1920s, he is working as a car mechanic. He is noticed by Peter Clemenza, who has been calling him "Johnny Lips". Clemenza introduces him to his friend Vito Corleone, who suggests that he change his name, which was originally Hyman Suchowsky. When Vito asks him whom he admires, Suchowsky says Arnold Rothstein, for having fixed the 1919 World Series; accordingly, he changes his last name to Roth.
Dialogue later in the film explains that Roth worked diligently with the Corleone family during Prohibition, helping them enter the bootlegging trade by setting up a molasses-smuggling operation between Havana and Canada. He was also a close friend and ally of fellow Jewish gangster Moe Greene, the "inventor" of Las Vegas. While Roth admits it would have been wrong to show anger and vengenace after Greene's death, as well as admitting that Greene pushed the limit too often, he is disappointed the famous city has nothing to remember him by. Frank Pentangeli later admits that while Vito Corleone had had a long history with Roth, to include doing business with the man, liking him, and respecting him, the elder Corleone never trusted Hyman Roth.
The Godfather Part II
By the timeline of this film, Roth is based in Miami. Though in poor health, he is extremely wealthy, having made a fortune by running his own organized crime outfit, assisted by his right-hand man, Sicilian Johnny Ola. Roth forms a partnership with Michael Corleone for a profitable business enterprise with the corrupt Cuban government of Fulgencio Batista and a number of major American corporations to take control of a casino in Reno. Roth secretly plans to assassinate Michael, partly to avenge Moe Greene's murder (as depicted in The Godfather). Roth instructs Ola to befriend Michael's brother Fredo, who provides Ola (and Roth) information about Michael that enables them to make an attempt on his life.
Michael quickly realizes that Roth perpetrated the murder plot. Remembering his father's advice to "keep enemies close", he maintains a good business relationship with Roth. Michael also suspects a mole within the Corleone family aided Roth, and needs time to uncover his identity.
On New Year's Eve 1958, the last night of Batista's rule, Michael orders Roth killed, confiding to Fredo that Roth will not see the New Year. Michael's bodyguard Busetta attempts to assassinate Roth, who has been recuperating in a hospital, by smothering him with a pillow. However, this assassination attempt is thwarted by Cuban soldiers who enter the hospital ward and open fire on Busetta, killing him instead. Moments later, Fidel Castro's army enters the city, overthrowing the Batista regime and further ruining Michael's plans, as well as those of Roth, who intended to pass ownership of his Cuban casinos to various Mafia heads, with Michael gaining control of the Capri.
Shortly after the Cuban fiasco, the U.S. Senate begins hearings on organized crime. To eliminate Michael as a competitor, Roth manipulates Corleone family caporegime Frank Pentangeli into testifying against Michael by having the Rosato brothers, two small-time hoods, attempt to kill Pentangeli. He survives and, believing Michael ordered the attack, agrees to testify against the Corleone family at a Senate hearing. The hearing is really a set piece arranged by Roth in hopes of removing Michael from the scene; the Senate committee's chief counsel is on Roth's payroll. As a counter-move, Michael has Pentangeli's brother, Vincenzo, flown in from Sicily to coerce Pentangeli into silence, thus destroying the government's case against Michael.
Roth is last seen at the Miami airport, where he publicly states that he wishes to retire and live in Israel under the Law of Return. His request (like that of the real-life Meyer Lansky) is rejected by the Israeli High Court, reportedly due to his criminal ties. Michael arranges to have Roth killed at the airport where he is about to be taken into U.S. federal custody. Minutes after disembarking the plane, he is fatally shot by Michael's caporegime Rocco Lampone, posing as a reporter. Rocco himself is killed by federal agents as he tries to escape.
Roth's quote "We're bigger than U.S. Steel", when boasting how much more successful organized crime is compared with this multinational, was based on a similar quote by gangster Meyer Lansky.
References
The Godfather characters
Fictional American Jews
Fictional murdered people
Fictional characters based on real people
Fictional characters from Miami
Fictional characters from New York City
Film characters introduced in 1974
Male film villains
Cultural depictions of the Mafia
Fictional crime bosses
Meyer Lansky
Fictional gentleman thieves | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hyman%20Roth |
The RATP bus network covers the entire territory of the city of Paris and the vast majority of its near suburbs.
Operated by the Régie Autonome des Transports Parisiens (RATP), this constitutes a dense bus network complementary to other public transport networks, all organized and financed by Île-de-France Mobilités.
Other suburban bus lines are managed by private operators grouped in a consortium known as Optile (), an association of 80 private bus operators holding exclusive rights on their lines. There are approximately 9500 buses serving public transportation across the Paris region, all operators included.
Network
RATP operates:
70 lines with a route exclusively or mainly on the territory of the city of Paris including :
64 lines numbered from to ;
the line completing (with ) a circular transport service surrounding Paris's borders along the Boulevards des Maréchaux ;
5 out of the 6 specially identified parisian circular bus lines designated as "Lignes Traverse" : , , and .
194 lines with a route exclusively or mainly in the near suburbs of Paris including:
89 lines numbered from to ;
57 lines numbered from to ;
49 lines numbered from to .
a dozen lines (numbered in the 400 series) subcontracted by local public transport companies belonging to the Optile group ;
several "urban" line services numbered in the 500 series but generally designated by a trade name, covering small suburban shuttle services and often subsidized by covered cities ;
2 direct bus lines from Paris to CDG and ORY airports : &
the "Opentour" tourist lines ;
the lines of the "Titus" and "Valouette" networks ;
several temporary lines created to cover passenger shifts along a future subway or tram line extension (such as line before northern extension of towards the town hall of Aubervilliers or now-former line before northern extension of from Saint Lazare train station to the town hall of Saint Ouen.
several lines kept in service to cover passenger shifts prior to subway or tram line extensions or creations (such as line before southern extension of from Orly Airport to Juvisy train station, or before extension of towards said airport).
32 night shift lines (including two subcontracted) grouped in the Noctilien night bus network.
Routes
RATP bus lines operating mainly in the city proper of Paris, are named with a two-digit code number called "indice". Bus lines operated mainly in the suburbs are named with a three-digit number code.
RATP uses the numbers 20 to 96 for lines operated mainly in the city proper (1 to 19 are unused to avoid confusion with Metro lines) ; along with bus line (line 100) which runs along the Boulevard des Maréchaux section that is not yet covered by (Tramway lines 3a & 3b) . All this according to an organized scheme used since public transportation reorganization post-WWII.
The first digit represents the sector in Paris where the line's starting point is located:
2x representing Gare Saint-Lazare
3x representing Gare de l'Est
4x representing Gare du Nord
5x representing Opéra and overall Rive Droite
6x representing Austerlitz or Gare de Lyon train stations
7x represents Châtelet and overall Center of Paris (along Rivoli Street)
8x represents Quartier Latin and overall Rive Gauche
9x represents Gare Montparnasse.
The digit number represents the outermost arrondissement the line finishes (or crosses Paris' borders) in:
x2 represents the 16th arrondissement (from Pont du Garigliano to Porte Maillot)
x3 and x4 represent the 17th arrondissement (from Porte Maillot to Porte d'Asnières for lines ending in 3, from Porte de Clichy to Porte des Poissonniers for lines ending in 4)
x5 represents the 18th arrondissement and the 19th arrondissement (from Porte de la Chapelle to Porte des Lilas)
x6 represents the 20th arrondissement and the 12th arrondissement (from Porte de Bagnolet to Porte de Charenton)
x7 represents the 13th arrondissement (from Quai d'Ivry to Cité Universitaire)
x8 represents the 14th arrondissement (from Montsouris to Porte de Vanves)
x9 represents the 15th arrondissement (from Porte de Vanves to Pont du Garigliano)
0 and 1 are used as "wildcards" for lines whose rightful indice is already taken, or for lines ending inside of Paris (40 or 91 for example).
A deep reorganization of the Paris bus network took place on April the 20th 2019. Although it didn't change the overall scheme mentioned above, it brought several irregularities, such as lines & no longer starting from Saint Lazare train station while brand new line doesn't even approach it, line now cut long before the Gare de l'Est, line that doesn't even approach the Gare du Nord, or lines & that do not start from the center of Paris.
Bus services
RATP operates 70 bus lines within the city of Paris proper, and a little over 200 bus lines in Paris suburbs.
In 2017, 1.15 billion journeys were made on RATP bus lines, including 382 million journeys on Paris lines and 768 million journeys on suburbs lines.
Paris buses
Airport direct shuttle buses
Suburban buses
Night buses (Noctilien)
Special and circular bus lines
Special and circular bus lines in Paris
Special and circular bus lines in suburbs
References
External links
RATP Web site with complete maps
KML map showing stop locations
Grand Paris des Bus
Transport infrastructure in Île-de-France
Bus transport in France
RATP Group | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RATP%20bus%20network |
The Anopheles gambiae complex consists of at least seven morphologically indistinguishable species of mosquitoes in the genus Anopheles. The complex was recognised in the 1960s and includes the most important vectors of malaria in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly of the most dangerous malaria parasite, Plasmodium falciparum. It is one of the most efficient malaria vectors known. The An. gambiae mosquito additionally transmits Wuchereria bancrofti which causes lymphatic filariasis, a symptom of which is elephantiasis.
Discovery and elements
The Anopheles gambiae complex or Anopheles gambiae sensu lato was recognized as a species complex only in the 1960s. The A. gambiae complex consists of:
Anopheles arabiensis
Anopheles bwambae
Anopheles melas
Anopheles merus
Anopheles quadriannulatus
Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.)
Anopheles amharicus
The individual species of the complex are morphologically difficult to distinguish from each other, although it is possible for larvae and adult females. The species exhibit different behavioural traits. For example, Anopheles quadriannulatus is both a saltwater and mineralwater species. A. melas and A. merus are saltwater species, while the remainder are freshwater species.
Anopheles quadriannulatus generally takes its blood meal from animals (zoophilic), whereas Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto generally feeds on humans, i.e. is considered anthropophilic.
Identification to the individual species level using the molecular methods of Scott et al. (1993) can have important implications in subsequent control measures.
Anopheles gambiae in the strict sense
An. gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.) has been discovered to be currently in a state of diverging into two different species—the Mopti (M) and Savannah (S) strains—though as of 2007, the two strains are still considered to be a single species.
The mechanism of species recognition appears to be sounds emitted by the wings and identified by Johnston's organ.
Genome
An. gambiae s.s. genomes have been sequenced three times, once for the M strain, once for the S strain, and once for a hybrid strain. Currently, ~90 miRNA have been predicted in the literature (38 miRNA officially listed in miRBase) for An. gambiae s.s. based upon conserved sequences to miRNA found in Drosophila. Holt et al., 2002 and Neafsey et al., 2016 find transposable elements to be ~13% of the genome, similar to Drosophila melanogaster (also in Diptera). However they find the proportion of TE types to be very different from D. melanogaster with approximately the same composition of long terminal repeat retrotransposons, non-long terminal repeat retrotransposons and DNA transposons. These proportions are believed to be representative of the genus.
The genetics and genomics of sex chromosomes have been discovered and studied by Windbichler et al., 2007 and Galizi et al., 2014 (a Physarum polycephalum homing endonuclease which destroys X chromosomes), Windbichler et al., 2008 and Hammond et al., 2016 (methods to reduce the female population), Windbichler et al., 2011 (trans from yeast), Bernardini et al., 2014 (a method to increase the male population), Kyrou et al., 2018 (a female necessary exon and a homing endonuclease to drive it), Taxiarchi et al., 2019 (sex chromosome dynamics in general) and Simoni et al., 2020 (an X chromosome destroying site specific nuclease). See below for their applications.
An. gambiae has a high degree of polymorphism. This is especially true in the cytochrome P450s, Wilding et al., 2009 finding 1 single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP)/26 base pairs. This species has the highest amount of polymorphism in the CYPs of any insect known, much tending to be found in "scaffolds" that are found only in particular subpopulations. These are termed "dual haplotype regions" by Holt et al., 2002 who sequenced the strain.
In common with many chromosomes, An. gambiae codes for spindle and kinetochore-associated proteins. Hanisch et al., 2006 locate AgSka1, the spindle and kinetochore-associated protein 1 gene, at EAL39257.
The entire Culicidae family may or may not conserve epigenetic mechanisms this remains unresolved. Toward answering this question, Marhold et al., 2004 compare their own previous work in Drosophila melanogaster against new sequences of D. pseudoobscura and An. gambiae. They find all three do share the DNA methylation enzyme DNMT2 (DmDNMT2, DpDNMT2, and ). This suggests all Diptera may conserve an epigenetic system employing Dnmt2.
Hosts
Hosts include Bos taurus, Capra hircus, Ovis aries and Sus scrofa.
Parasites
Parasites include Plasmodium berghei (for which it also serves as a vector), and the bioinsecticides/entomopathogenic fungi Metarhizium robertsii and Beauveria bassiana. All three of these parasites combine with insecticides to reduce fitness see below. CRISPR/Cas9 and U6-gRNA are increasingly () being used together for knockout experiments in mosquitoes. Dong et al., 2018 develops and presents a new U6-gRNA+Cas9 technique in An. gambiae, and utilizes it to knock out fibrinogen related protein 1 (FREP1), thereby severely reducing infection of the mosquito by P. berghei and P. falciparum. However this also demonstrates the centrality of FREP1 to the insect's success, impairing all measured activities across all life stages. Yang et al., 2020 uses the Dong method to do the same with mosGILT, also severely reducing Plasmodium infection of the mosquito but also finding a vital life process is impaired, in mosGILTs case ovary development.
Control
Insecticides
Parasites/bioinsecticides and chemical insecticides synergistically reduce fitness. Saddler et al., 2015 finds even An. gambiae with knockdown resistance (kdr) are more susceptible to DDT if they are first infected with Plasmodium berghei and Farenhorst et al., 2009 the same for Metarhizium robertsii or Beauveria bassiana. This is probably due to an effect found by Félix et al., 2010 and Stevenson et al., 2011: An. gambiae alters various activities especially CYP6M2 in response to P. berghei invasion. CYP6M2 is known to somehow produce pyrethroid resistance, and pyrethroids and DDT share a mechanism of action.
Gene drive
Research relevant to the development of gene drive controls of An. gambiae have been performed by Windbichler et al., 2007, Windbichler et al., 2008, Windbichler et al., 2011, Bernardini et al., 2014, Galizi et al., 2014, Hammond et al., 2016, Kyrou et al., 2018, Taxiarchi et al., 2019 and Simoni et al., 2020. For specific genes involved see above. These can all be used in pest control because they induce infertility.
Fecundity
Fecundity of An. gambiae depends on the detoxification of reactive oxygen species (ROS) by catalase. Reduction in catalase activity significantly reduces reproductive output of female mosquitoes, indicating that catalase plays a central role in protecting oocytes and early embryos from ROS damage.
Historical note
An. gambiae invaded northeastern Brazil in 1930, which led to a malaria epidemic in 1938/1939. The Brazilian government assisted by the Rockefeller Foundation in a programme spearheaded by Fred Soper eradicated these mosquitoes from this area. This effort was modeled on the earlier success in eradication of Aedes aegypti as part of the yellow fever control program. The exact species involved in this epidemic has been identified as An. arabiensis.
Peptide hormones
Kaufmann and Brown 2008 find the An. gambiae adipokinetic hormone (AKH) mobilizes carbohydrates but not lipids. Meanwhile AKH/Corazonin Peptide (ACP) does not mobilize (or inhibit mobilization) of either. Mugumbate et al., 2013 provides in solution and membrane bound structures from a nuclear magnetic resonance investigation.
References
External links
DiArk
gambiae
Insect vectors of human pathogens
Animal models
Insects described in 1902 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anopheles%20gambiae |
The Farm Credit System (FCS) in the United States is a nationwide network of borrower-owned lending institutions and specialized service organizations. The Farm Credit System provides more than $343 billion (as of 2021) in loans, leases, and related services to farmers, ranchers, rural homeowners, aquatic producers, timber harvesters, agribusinesses, and agricultural and rural utility cooperatives.
Congress established the Farm Credit System in 1916 to provide a reliable source of credit for farmers and ranchers. As of 2020, the Farm Credit System provides more than one-third, 44.4%, of the total market share of US farm business debt.
The Farm Credit System function is to provide a source of credit for American agriculture by making loans to qualified borrowers at competitive rates and providing insurance and related services.
Authority
Congress established the Farm Credit System as a government-sponsored enterprise (GSE) when it enacted the Federal Farm Loan Act of 1916. Current authority is granted by the Farm Credit Act of 1971. The Farm Credit System is considered the first GSE chartered by the United States.
Oversight
The Farm Credit Administration (FCA), an agency of the federal government created in 1933, provides regulatory oversight for the Farm Credit System. The Farm Credit System Insurance Corporation (FCSIC), established by the Agricultural Credit Act of 1987, insures the timely repayment of principal and interest on FCS debt securities.
Wholesale system banks
Farm Credit Bank (FCB)
Three Farm Credit Banks (FCBs) provide loan funds to 50 Agricultural Credit Associations (ACAs) and one Federal Land Credit Association (FLCA). In turn, ACAs make short-, intermediate-, and long-term loans, while FLCAs make long-term loans, to farmers, ranchers, producers and harvesters of aquatic products, rural residents for housing, and certain farm-related businesses.
There are three FCBs:
AgFirst
AgriBank
Farm Credit Bank of Texas
There is also one Agricultural Credit Bank, with the authority of a FCB (and a Bank for Cooperatives):
CoBank
FCBs were created on July 6, 1988, in 11 of the 12 then-existing FCS Districts, by merging the Federal Land Bank (FLB) and the Federal Intermediate Credit Bank (FICB) in each of those districts. Those mergers were required by the Agricultural Credit Act of 1987.
Bank for Cooperatives (BC)
A Bank for Cooperatives (BC) provides lending and other financial services to farmer-owned cooperatives, rural utilities (electric and telephone), and rural sewer and water systems. A BC is also authorized to finance U.S. agricultural exports and provide international banking services for farmer-owned cooperatives.
CoBank is an Agricultural Credit Bank (ACB) and has the authority of a Farm Credit Bank and a BC. The last standalone BC, the St. Paul Bank for Cooperatives, merged into CoBank on July 1, 1999.
Retail lending associations
Agricultural Credit Association (ACA)
An Agricultural Credit Association (ACA) is the result of the merger of a FLBA or a FLCA and a PCA and has the combined authority of the two institutions. An ACA obtains funds from a FCB or an ACB to provide short-, intermediate-, and long-term credit to farmers, ranchers, producers and harvesters of aquatic products, and to rural residents for housing. An ACA also makes loans to these borrowers for basic processing and marketing activities, and to farm-related businesses. All ACAs operate with a parent-subsidiary structure, with the ACA as the parent and a wholly owned PCA and FLCA as subsidiaries.
Federal Land Credit Association (FLCA)
The Agricultural Credit Act of 1987 authorized an FCS bank to transfer its direct-lending authority for long-term mortgage loans to a FLBA. These Associations are designated as FLCAs. Unlike a FLBA, a FLCA owns its loan assets. An FLCA obtains funds from an FCS bank to make and service long-term mortgage loans to farmers and ranchers, and to rural residents for housing. An FLCA also makes loans to these borrowers for basic processing and marketing activities, and to farm-related businesses. Most present-day FLCAs are now subsidiaries of ACAs. Only nine FLCAs operate independently.
Funding institutions
Federal Farm Credit Banks Funding Corporation
The Federal Farm Credit Banks Funding Corporation issues a variety of Federal Farm Credit Banks Consolidated Systemwide Debt Securities (Farm Credit Debt Securities) on behalf of the Farm Credit System Banks with a broad range of maturities and structures.
Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation (Farmer Mac)
The Federal Agricultural Mortgage Corporation (Farmer Mac) is a government-sponsored enterprise with the mission of providing a secondary market for agricultural real estate and rural housing mortgage loans.
Historical institutions
There are several institutions that have been authorized by law but which have been subsumed by other institutions, which usually retain their authority.
FCS Financial Assistance Corporation
Created by the Agricultural Credit Act of 1987 and chartered in 1988, the Assistance Corporation provided capital to the FCS by purchasing preferred stock from FCS institutions that received financial assistance authorized by the FCS Assistance Board. The Assistance Corporation provided approximately $1.26 billion before its authority to raise additional funds expired on December 31, 1992.
Following statutory requirements, the Assistance Corporation repaid its obligations in June 2005 and received a final audit in September 2005. After determining that the Assistance Corporation had completed its statutory mission, complied with applicable laws and regulations, and operated in a safe and sound manner, the FCA Board canceled the charter of the Assistance Corporation as of December 31, 2006.
Federal Intermediate Credit Bank (FICB)
The Agricultural Credits Act of 1923 provided for the creation of 12 FICBs to discount farmers’ short- and intermediate-term notes made by commercial banks, livestock loan companies, thrift institutions, and, beginning in 1933, Production Credit Associations. On July 6, 1988, 11 of the 12 then-existing FICBs merged with the Federal Land Banks in their respective districts to form Farm Credit Banks. The mergers were required by the Agricultural Credit Act of 1987. The last remaining FICB, the FICB of Jackson, merged with the FCB of Columbia, which has since been renamed AgFirst Farm Credit Bank on October 1, 1993.
Federal Land Bank (FLB)
The Federal Farm Loan Act of 1916 provided for the establishment of 12 FLBs to provide long-term mortgage credit to farmers and ranchers, and later to rural homebuyers. On May 20, 1988, the FLB of Jackson was placed in receivership and liquidated. On July 6, 1988, the 11 remaining FLBs merged with the Federal Intermediate Credit Banks in their respective districts to form Farm Credit Banks. The mergers were required by the Agricultural Credit Act of 1987.
Federal Land Bank Association (FLBA)
An FLBA was a lending agent for a Federal Land Bank and later the Farm Credit Bank and the Agricultural Credit Bank. FLBAs originated and serviced long-term mortgage loans to farmers and ranchers, and to rural residents for housing. FLBAs did not own the loan assets but originated loans on behalf of the Federal Land Banks/FCS banks with which they were affiliated. As of October 1, 2000, there are no longer any FLBAs in the FCS. They either merged with Production Credit Associations to form ACAs or became direct-lender Federal Land Credit Associations when Farm Credit Banks transferred their authority to make long-term mortgage loans to their affiliated FLBAs.
Production Credit Association (PCA)
The Farm Credit Act of 1933 authorized farmers to organize PCAs to deliver short- and intermediate-term loans to farmers and ranchers, and to rural residents for housing. A PCA also makes loans to these borrowers for basic processing and marketing activities, and to farm-related businesses. A PCA obtains funds from an FCS bank to lend to its members. PCAs own their loan assets. All present-day PCAs are now subsidiaries of ACAs.
1980s agricultural crisis
In the 1980s, the United States faced a major farm crisis. With low crop prices, and the value of farm land falling, many farmers were unable to service their debts. This severely affected the Farm Credit System, which experienced losses of $2.7 billion in 1985. Investor confidence in FCS bonds declined, with increased spreads over U.S. treasury debt. The federal government responded by amending the Farm Credit Act of 1971 in 1985 and 1986, and then enacting the Agricultural Credit Act of 1987 to help strengthen the FCS.
Criticism
The Farm Credit System and a number of FCS banks have faced criticism of their practices. In March 2016, the FCS Funding Corporation disclosed that 45.5% of total FCS taxpayer-subsidized loans outstanding as of year-end 2015 had been borrowed by only 4,458 borrowers. Critics, such as the American Bankers Association, also charge that FCS banks only make large loans (more than $1 million) and are making loans with tax-exempt earnings that have almost nothing to do with farming, such as to Verizon Communications and Cracker Barrel; defenders justified CoBank ACB loans to Verizon and Frontier Communications because they provide landline voice service, Internet and wireless access and other services to rural areas.
References
See also
Farm Credit Administration
The Farm Credit Council
Farmer Mac
Grange movement
External links
Farm Credit Administration
Farm Credit System
"Guide to the Federal Land Bank of Wichita Collection," 2002/2013, by Barbara S. Smith and Patricia J. Rettig, Colorado State University Water Resources Archive, and the Colorado Water Institute.
Mortgage industry of the United States
Cooperatives in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Farm%20Credit%20System |
Vanilla were a British pop girl group from Barnet, London, England, formed in 1996.
History
The band members were sisters Frances and Alison Potter, Alida Swart and Sharon Selby. They released two singles for EMI in the late 1990s.
The band's first single was "No Way, No Way", released in December 1997 and based on Piero Umiliani's "Mah Nà Mah Nà". The song peaked at number 14 on the UK Singles Chart and number 24 in New Zealand. It was later featured on several compilations, including Now That's What I Call Music! volume 39 and Dancemania 8, both released in 1998. The accompanying music video was filmed at Brockwell Lido in Brixton, South London. The clip won the title of "Worst Music Video Ever" on the 1997 ITV Chart Show end-of-year special and was voted number 26 on Channel 4's "100 Worst Pop Records". The follow-up was "True to Us", released in April 1998, which rose to number 36 in the UK. Although mocked on Channel 4's morning programme The Big Breakfast, the group regularly took part in the show's "Vanilla's Thrillers" feature, including making a return for Johnny Vaughan and Denise van Outen's final week hosting the show.
While promoting their two singles with EMI, Vanilla made media appearances, including a performance of "No Way, No Way" on Top of the Pops, and performing a spoof version of "True to Us" on Blue Peter. They also obtained a feature on Men & Motors. They embarked on a tour of schools around the UK and were a minor act on the 1998 Disney Channel UK tour. After their contract with EMI ended, Vanilla continued to perform. They made various appearances at London's PopShow Party events where they played a cover of Nancy Sinatra's "These Boots Are Made for Walkin'" as well as promotional single "Realise", with temporary member Ashley.
In 2011, Frances appeared on the identity parade segment in Episode No. 25.8 of Never Mind the Buzzcocks, hosted by James Blunt. In 2014, Swart was interviewed for an article in The Guardian about the pitfalls of having a hit novelty record.
Discography
References
British pop girl groups
English girl groups
English pop music groups
Musical groups established in 1996
Musical groups disestablished in 1998
Musical groups from the London Borough of Barnet
EMI Records artists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanilla%20%28group%29 |
Rhizobium rhizogenes (formerly Agrobacterium rhizogenes) is a Gram-negative soil bacterium that produces hairy root disease in dicotyledonous plants. R. rhizogenes induces the formation of proliferative multiple-branched adventitious roots at the site of infection, so-called 'hairy roots'. It also induces galls.
In the rhizosphere, plants may suffer from wounds by soil pathogens or other sources. This leads to the secretion of phenolic compounds like acetosyringone which have chemotactic effects that attract the bacteria. Under such conditions, certain bacterial genes are turned on leading to the transfer of its T-DNA from its root-inducing plasmid (Ri plasmid) into the plant through the wound. After integration and expression, in vitro or under natural conditions, the hairy root phenotype is observed, which typically includes overdevelopment of a root system that is not completely geotropic, and altered (wrinkled) leaf morphology, if leaves are present. R. rhizogenes also propagates as a seed-borne pathogen.
Bacterial genes may be retained within the plant.
The hairy roots are grown in vitro in bioreactors to study their soil interaction with other pathogens like fungi and nematodes. This technique has also led to the commercial production of certain metabolic compounds that the plant is known to secrete, especially in regard to the medicinal plants that are difficult to cultivate in sufficient quantities by other means. The root cultures are also used for genetic engineering.
References
Rhizobiaceae
Bacteria described in 2001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhizobium%20rhizogenes |
Mosha Pasumansky is one of the inventors of the MultiDimensional eXpressions (MDX) language, a query language for online analytical processing (OLAP) databases. Pasumansky is also one of the architects of the Microsoft Analysis Services, and an OLAP expert.
Mosha Pasumansky is well known in the OLAP community for his Microsoft OLAP information website which contains a collection of technical articles and other resources related to Microsoft OLAP and Analysis Services. He also has a blog dedicated to MDX and Analysis Services. He spoke at Microsoft conferences such as TechEd and PASS, and he published the book Fast Track to MDX.
In December 2009, Pasumansky shifted his focus to Bing, the Microsoft Search Engine, and is no longer maintaining his active stewardship of the BI Community.
From May 2011, Pasumansky works at Google on the Dremel and BigQuery systems.
External links
Mosha Pasumansky's weblog (archived from http://sqlblog.com/blogs/mosha/default.aspx)
References
Microsoft employees
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mosha%20Pasumansky |
Candel may be:
a surname related to Kandel
Sébastien Candel (born 1946), French physicist
Francesc Candel Tortajada (1925–2007), writer and journalist
Vicente Carlos Campillo Candel (born 1951), Spanish footballer and manager
a Middle English spelling of candle
Candel Astra, or simply candel, an Uruguayan brand of candy
See also
Candle (disambiguation)
Kandel (disambiguation)
CANDELS | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Candel |
The Syria Times () is an English-language Syrian daily e-newspaper.
Profile
The Syria Times was published by Tishreen Organization for Press and Publishing, a government-owned company that publishes the leading Arabic daily Tishreen. As of 2000, these two newspapers had a circulation of 5,000 and 60,000, respectively.
Condemnation of Iraq war
In March and April 2003, The Syria Times received some international attention due to its harsh condemnation of the US-led war against Iraq, well in line with the official Syrian discourse in the debates of the UN Security Council. For instance, The Irish Times noticed that “The Syria Times attacked Bush's "unholy war" and his "imperialist strategy to control the Arab oil-rich region””.
In an interview with The Middle East magazine, Fuad Mardood, editor of The Syria Times, said: “I cannot imagine that there is anyone in Syria who wants to attack our policy (…) You can find people who have personal motives who may attack the system, but it is only to achieve personal goals.”
In late May 2008, Mohammad Agha was released from his position as editor-in-chief of Syria Times. The decision was apparently made by the Minister for Information Mohsen Bilal. A history of differences between the two had been reported. The official reason for Agha's termination was failure to catch a mistake regarding the caption accompanying a photograph.
Closure
On 8 June 2008, The Syria Times was closed for an indefinite period of time. Various reasons were given, chief amongst them issues relating to the contract for the new editor-in-chief. A report on the viability of the Syria Times was delivered to the People's Assembly (the Syrian parliament) in July, and assistance was requested to restart the newspaper.
Following lengthy delays, a 2-year agreement (since extended) was signed with the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) to assist the newspaper to the tune of $900,000 used for analysis, restructuring, training and equipment. No official date has been set for recommencing publishing of the Syria Times.
Relaunch as E-newspaper
On 6 October 2012, the then minister of information Omran al-Zoubi inaugurated the first Syrian e-newspaper "Syria Times". The launching coincided with the country's celebrations of the 39th anniversary of the Liberation War of October, led by the late President Hafez al-Assad.
On the importance of the re-launching the "Syria Times" e-newspaper, Minister al-Zou'bi said: "We are in need for new tools to communicate with English-speaking communities, as to address the people of these communities and present our views and causes the way they understand, and not the way we want to."
Director General of al-Wehda Press Foundation, Khalaf al-Meftah, expressed hope that the re-launching of the Syria Times would be a further step forward by the Syrian Media, in continuation of the ongoing tireless media efforts as to disseminate the reality of the events on the ground, and as to expose media outlets of fabrications and lies.
On his part, the Syria Times editor-in-chief, Mohammad Abdo Al-Ibrahim, underlined that the daily, at the directive of information minister, Omran al-Zou'bi, would adopt in its media coverage the main principles and ethics of journalism, including those of transparency, credibility, and objectivity. The main contents of the daily focus on issues and topics related to national reconciliation, dialogue, society, politics, Syrian Expatriates, environment, tourism, archaeology, sports, economy, culture, as well on other interactive varied topic and issues of debate. added Al-Ibrahim.
Notes
Further reading
Alan George. (2000). ”In Syria, the media is the system”, Middle East; p. 38.
Joe Humphreys. (24 March 2003). ”War on Iraq - War Briefing”, The Irish Times, p. 8.
External links
The Syria Times
2008 disestablishments in Syria
Defunct newspapers published in Syria
English-language newspapers published in Arab countries
Mass media in Damascus
Middle Eastern news websites
Daily newspapers published in Syria
Online newspapers with defunct print editions
Publications disestablished in 2008
Publications with year of establishment missing | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Syria%20Times |
Liberal arts colleges are primarily colleges or universities with an emphasis upon undergraduate study in the liberal arts. The Encyclopædia Britannica Concise offers the following definition of the liberal arts as a, "college or university curriculum aimed at imparting general knowledge and developing general intellectual capacities, in contrast to a professional, vocational, or technical curriculum." Although the genesis for what is known today as the liberal arts college began in Europe, the term is commonly associated with the United States. Liberal arts colleges are found in countries all over the world as well. See the list (link) of international members of the Association of American Colleges and Universities for other institutions offering liberal arts education programs.
A
Afghanistan
American University of Afghanistan in Kabul
Australia
Campion College in Sydney
Charles Sturt University
University of Sydney
University of Adelaide
B
Bangladesh
Asian University for Women in Chittagong
University of Liberal Arts Bangladesh in Dhaka
Belgium
Vesalius College in Brussels
Bulgaria
American University in Bulgaria in Blagoevgrad
C
Canada
Acadia University in Wolfville, Nova Scotia
Bishop's University in Lennoxville, Québec
Brescia University College (affiliated college of the University of Western Ontario)
The College of the Humanities at Carleton University in Ottawa, Ontario
Cape Breton University in Sydney, Nova Scotia
Columbia College in Vancouver, British Columbia
Crandall University in Moncton, New Brunswick
Dominican University College in Ottawa, Ontario (an affiliate of Carleton University)
Glendon College in Toronto, Ontario (a division of York University)
Huron University College (affiliated college of the University of Western Ontario)
King's University College (affiliated college of the University of Western Ontario)
The King's University in Edmonton, Alberta
Lakehead University in Thunder Bay, Ontario
Laurentian University in Greater Sudbury, Ontario
Mount Allison University in Sackville, New Brunswick
Nipissing University in North Bay, Ontario
Our Lady Seat of Wisdom Academy (now College) in Barry's Bay, Ontario
Providence College and Theological Seminary in Otterburne, Manitoba
Quest University Canada in Squamish, British Columbia
Redeemer University College in Ancaster, Ontario
Saint Mary's University (Halifax) in Halifax, Nova Scotia
St. Francis Xavier University in Antigonish, Nova Scotia
St. Thomas More College in Saskatoon, Saskatchewan (a federated college of the University of Saskatchewan)
St. Thomas University in Fredericton, New Brunswick
Trent University in Peterborough, Ontario
Trinity Western University in Langley, British Columbia
Tyndale University College in Toronto, Ontario
Université Sainte-Anne in Church Point, Nova Scotia
University of Alberta Augustana Faculty, Alberta
University of King's College in Halifax, Nova Scotia
University of Lethbridge in Lethbridge, Alberta
Booth University College in Winnipeg, Manitoba
Chile
Pontifical Catholic University of Chile
China
NYU Shanghai in Pudong, Shanghai
Czech Republic
Faculty of Humanities, Charles University, Prague
E
Ecuador
Universidad San Francisco de Quito
Egypt
American University in Cairo
Estonia
Tallinn University Catherine's College
F
France
American University of Paris
Chavagnes Studium
G
Georgia
Agricultural University of Georgia
Germany
Bard College Berlin in Berlin
University College Freiburg in Freiburg
Witten/Herdecke University in Witten
Leuphana University in Lüneburg
Ghana
Ashesi University
Greece
American College of Thessaloniki
H
Hong Kong
Hang Seng University of Hong Kong
Centennial College
Lingnan University
Hong Kong Shue Yan University
Hungary
McDaniel College Budapest
I
India
Ahmedabad University in Ahmedabad
Ashoka University in Sonepat
Flame University in Pune
Krea University in Sri City
Symbiosis School for Liberal Arts in Pune
Iraq
The American University of Iraq – Sulaimani
Israel
Shalem College in Jerusalem
Italy
American University of Rome
John Cabot University
Indonesia
Universitas Pelita Harapan
J
Japan
Soka University of Japan, Tokyo
The College of Liberal Arts, International Christian University in Tokyo
College of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo (Komaba campus) in Tokyo
International College of Liberal Arts, Yamanashi Gakuin University in Kofu
L
Lithuania
Vytautas Magnus University in Kaunas
LCC International University in Klaipeda
N
The Netherlands
Amsterdam University College in Amsterdam
Erasmus University College in Rotterdam
University College Groningen in Groningen
Leiden University College The Hague in The Hague
University College ATLAS, Academy of Technology, Liberal Arts & Sciences in Enschede
University College Maastricht in Maastricht
University College Roosevelt in Middelburg
University College Utrecht, in Utrecht
University of Tilburg in Tilburg
P
Pakistan
Forman Christian College in Lahore
Habib University in Karachi
Philippines
Poland
University of Warsaw in Warsaw
R
Russia
Smolny College in St. Petersburg
S
Singapore
Yale-NUS College
Slovakia
BISLA in Bratislava
Spain
Saint Louis University Madrid Campus
Sweden
Gotland University College
University of Gothenburg
Switzerland
Franklin University Switzerland
T
Thailand
Mahidol University International College
U
United Kingdom
New College of the Humanities
Richmond University
St. Mary's University College (Belfast), Queen's University Belfast
United Arab Emirates
New York University, (Abu Dhabi)
United States
References
Liberal arts colleges | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20liberal%20arts%20colleges |
Yosef Tamir (, 5 March 1915 – 10 August 2009) was an Israeli journalist, politician, lawyer and a professional javelin thrower.
Background
Tamir was born in Berdychiv in the Russian Empire (now part of Ukraine) and immigrated to Mandatory Palestine in 1924. He passed through elementary and high school in Petah Tikva and graduated from the Law and Economics School at Tel Aviv University.
Between 1935 and 1945 he worked as a journalist for Haaretz, the Palestine Post, Yedioth Ahronoth, Maariv and HaBoker, and was a military correspondent during the 1948 Arab-Israeli War. He was a member of the Maccabi Sports Movement, and won three bronze medals in the Maccabiah Games.
Political career
Tamir joined the General Zionists party, and became its general secretary. Between 1965 and 1969 he was a member of the Tel Aviv directorate as head of the Liberal Party faction (a merger of the General Zionists and the Progressive Party). In the 1965 elections Tamir was also elected to the Knesset as member of Gahal, an alliance of the Liberal Party and Herut. Yosef retained his seat in the 1969 election, and again in the 1973 election, before which Gahal had become Likud.
After being elected to the Knesset for Likud again in the 1977 election, Tamir broke away from the party and joined the newly formed Shinui, a centrist liberal party. However, he soon left his new party and spent the rest of the Knesset session as an independent MK. He was not returned to the Knesset in the 1981 elections.
Environmental activism
During his lifetime Tamir founded several environmental organisations:
Council for a Beautiful Israel (1968)
Non-factional Committee for Ecology (1970)
Life and Environment Organization (1975)
Israel Economic Forum on the Environment (1991)
He also launched the environmental journal Green Blue and White.
Tamir represented the Knesset at the First United Nations Conference on the Environment of Man in Stockholm in 1972, and was the Likud representative in the Knesset delegation that visited the United States Congress in 1975 and the German Bundestag in 1977.
Tamir won several prizes for his environmental activism, including the United Nations Environmental Prize and a Knesset Prize for "Achievements in the Area of Environmental Quality".
References
External links
1915 births
2009 deaths
People from Berdychiv
Ukrainian Jews
Soviet emigrants to Mandatory Palestine
Jews from Mandatory Palestine
Tel Aviv University alumni
20th-century Israeli lawyers
Israeli journalists
Israeli environmentalists
General Zionists politicians
Liberal Party (Israel) politicians
Gahal politicians
Likud politicians
Shinui politicians
Israeli male javelin throwers
Maccabiah Games bronze medalists for Israel
Members of the 6th Knesset (1965–1969)
Members of the 7th Knesset (1969–1974)
Members of the 8th Knesset (1974–1977)
Members of the 9th Knesset (1977–1981)
Maccabiah Games medalists in athletics
20th-century journalists
Burials at Har HaMenuchot | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yosef%20Tamir |
In France, the Concours Général is the most prestigious academic competition held every year between students of Première (11th grade) and Terminale (12th and final grade) in almost all subjects taught in both general, technological and professional high schools. Exams usually take place in March, and their results are known in June or July. Students who show great ability in one field are selected to participate by their teachers and their school principal. Most of the time, no more than one student per high school is allowed to participate in the competition, which requires strong knowledge of college level topics (Some "elite" high schools sometimes depart from this rule, presenting dozens of students, such as the Lycée Louis-Le-Grand, the Lycée Saint-Louis de Gonzague or the Lycée Henri IV in Paris). In the humanities and social sciences, the exams involve one or more essays and last 6 hours. In the sciences, the exams last almost as long and are problem-based.
In a given subject, up to 18 awards can be given:
up to 3 Prizes. A student winning a prize takes part in a ceremony held in the main amphitheatre of the Sorbonne University, where they are given the diploma and congratulated by the Minister of Education and members of the government.
up to 5 Accessits
up to 10 Regional awards
A student who wins any of the above is called a "lauréat du Concours Général". In Mathematics, the "Lauréat" is invited to a series of conferences at the Institute Poincaré and is usually selected to attend the Clay Institute summer school of science.
Current list of subjects
Students of 11th grade only (all series):
French
History
Geography
Latin-French translation (version latine)
French-Latin translation (thème latin)
Greek-French translation (version grecque)
Students of both 11th and 12th grades:
Plastic arts
Music
Students of 12th grade (General High Schools):
In light of the Réforme des lycées, which went into effect with the class of 2021, students now participate in the Concours associated with one or both of their two specialized subjects. Philosophy is open to all, but is no longer separated into two exams for scientific and economic students, and literary students.
Philosophy
Mathematics
Physics and Chemistry
Biology and Geology
Engineering
Economics
Language exams:
Arabic
Chinese (from 2007)
English
German
Hebrew
Italian
Portuguese
Spanish
Russian
Students of technological and professional high schools usually attempt their main subject.
Alumni
The Concours Général was created in 1744, so being a lauréat of the Concours général is a very prestigious award for any high school student. Many well-known French scientists, artists, literary figures and entrepreneurs have won the Concours Général in one or even several subjects. Such names include: Anne Robert Jacques Turgot, Baron de Laune, Antoine Lavoisier, Camille Desmoulins, Augustin Louis Cauchy, Émile Littré, Charles Augustin Sainte-Beuve, Alfred de Musset, Urbain Le Verrier, Charles Baudelaire, Edmond de Goncourt, Marcelin Berthelot, Hippolyte Taine, Fustel de Coulanges, Émile Boutroux, Paul Bourget, Henri Poincaré, Jean Jaurès, Benoît Van Keer, Paul Painlevé, André Suarès, Léon Blum, Fernand Gregh, Charles Péguy, Jérome Carcopino, André Maurois, Maurice Couve de Murville, Edgar Faure, Maurice Schumann, Roger Nimier, Laurent Schwartz, Charles Alexandre de Calonne, Maximilien de Robespierre, André Chénier, Jules Michelet, Victor Hugo, Auguste Blanqui, Charles Forbes René de Montalembert, Évariste Galois, Henri d'Orléans, duc d'Aumale, Louis Pasteur, Edmond About, Lucien-Anatole Prévost-Paradol, Sadi Carnot, Émile Faguet, Jules Lemaitre, Henri Bergson, Alexandre Millerand, Émile Chartier (Alain), Maurice Denis, Édouard Herriot, Alfred Jarry, André Tardieu, Jean Giraudoux, Jules Romains, René Huyghe, Georges Pompidou, Antoine Blondin, Louis Néel, Valérie Mangin, Yves Meyer, Jean-Pierre Serre, Emmanuel Farhi.
See also
International Science Olympiad
External links
Alumni Association
Education in France | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Concours%20g%C3%A9n%C3%A9ral |
Carmela Corleone (1897–1959) is a fictional character in Mario Puzo's 1969 novel The Godfather. Carmela is portrayed by Italian-American Morgana King in Francis Ford Coppola's 1972 film adaptation of the novel, and in The Godfather Part II (1974).
She and her husband Vito, a crime boss, have four children: Santino ("Sonny"), Frederico ("Fredo"), and Michael, and one daughter Constanzia ("Connie").
Background
Carmela was born in Sicily in 1897 and emigrated to the United States shortly after the turn of the century. She married Vito Corleone in 1915; they were married for 40 years until Vito's death in 1955. They had four children – Sonny, Fredo, Michael and Connie. They also took in Sonny's friend Tom Hagen, who later served as the family consigliere.
In the book, Carmela Corleone is portrayed as a traditional Italian immigrant woman who speaks in very broken English. In the movies, however, she speaks fluent English as an adult, with a marked New York accent. In the novel, she develops a close relationship with Michael's girlfriend and future wife, Kay. She is given more expansive dialogue in The Godfather Part II, notably when she confronts her daughter Connie about her behavior early in the film, and when she discusses family life with Michael, who fears that his role as Don of the Corleone criminal empire will cost him his family. Carmela Corleone dies toward the end of the sequel.
Carmela was disturbed by Vito's change from a kind, quiet young man to a pragmatic and ruthless criminal. However Carmela seems to forgive Vito for his many crimes, because he remains essentially a good man who is devoted to his family. Devoutly Catholic, Carmela attends Mass every day to pray for her husband's soul to keep him from "going down there."
In The Godfather Part IIs flashback scenes, the young Carmela is portrayed by Francesca De Sapio.
Her first name is almost never mentioned, in either the movies or the book, though it is referenced in the sequel books.
Sequel novel
Carmela is a major character in the 2012 prequel novel The Family Corleone, which portrays their early years together raising a family as Vito becomes a crime boss.
Family members
Vito Corleone—Husband; played by Marlon Brando in The Godfather, played by Robert De Niro in The Godfather Part II
Santino "Sonny" Corleone—Eldest son; played by James Caan
Tom Hagen—informally adopted son, played by Robert Duvall
Frederico "Fredo" Corleone—Middle son; played by John Cazale
Michael Corleone—Youngest son; played by Al Pacino
Constanzia "Connie" Corleone—Daughter; played by Talia Shire
Frank Corleone—Grandson
Santino Corleone, Jr.—Grandson
Francesca Corleone—Granddaughter, twin of Kathryn Corleone
Kathryn Corleone—Granddaughter, twin of Francesca Corleone
Vincent Mancini—Grandson; played by Andy García
Anthony Corleone—Grandson; played by Franc D'Ambrosio
Mary Corleone—Granddaughter; played by Sofia Coppola
Victor Rizzi—Grandson
Michael Rizzi—Grandson
References
The Godfather characters
Fictional immigrants to the United States
Fictional Italian American people
Fictional Sicilian people
Characters in American novels of the 20th century
Characters in American novels of the 21st century
Female characters in literature
Female characters in film
Literary characters introduced in 1969
Cultural depictions of the Mafia
Fictional characters from the 19th century
Fictional characters from the 20th century
Film characters introduced in 1972 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carmela%20Corleone |
Yatesville Lake State Park in Kentucky is a recreational facility in the eastern part of the commonwealth, close to the town of Louisa, Kentucky in Lawrence County. The park occupies a peninsula on Yatesville Lake, an impoundment of Blaine Creek that covers , has three islands, and averages 40 feet in depth. The park features an 18-hole golf course, boating, fishing and swimming, campsites, and hiking trails.
References
External links
Yatesville Lake State Park Kentucky Department of Parks
Yatesville Lake State Park Map Kentucky Department of Parks
Protected areas of Lawrence County, Kentucky
State parks of Kentucky
United States Army Corps of Engineers, Huntington District
Protected areas established in 1999
1999 establishments in Kentucky | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yatesville%20Lake%20State%20Park |
Barron Steven Wallace (born December 27, 1964) is an American former professional football player who was an offensive tackle for 12 seasons in the National Football League (NFL) for the San Francisco 49ers and the Kansas City Chiefs. He has since been recognized as having helped revolutionize the position of left tackle. In May 2012, he was inducted into the Alabama Sports Hall of Fame.
College career
Wallace attended Chamblee High School in Atlanta and then Auburn University. Standing 6 ft, 5 inches, 280 lbs, was selected by Birmingham Stallions United States Football League territorial draft, as well as selected by the San Francisco 49ers in fourth round (101st pick overall) of NFL Draft. Wallace blocked for Heisman Trophy winner Bo Jackson. Wallace also played in a game (Florida Gators vs Auburn Tigers in 1983) that showcased 25 athletes that made a professional football team roster. His head coach was future Hall of Fame inductee Pat Dye.
Professional career
Wallace was drafted in the fourth round of the 1986 NFL Draft by the San Francisco 49ers. Wallace was a part of three Super Bowl championships with the San Francisco 49ers (1988, 1989, and 1994). In Super Bowl XXIII, he was taken off the field with a broken ankle on the third play of the game. He was replaced by offensive tackle Bubba Paris.
He garnered Pro Bowl honors in 1992, 2 Pro Bowl 1st Alternate in 1993 & 1994 . Throughout his career, Wallace endured many concussions, and was known for wearing a styrofoam and rubber 1/2" cushioned helmet atop his normal helmet to reduce the impact.
Wallace retired following the 1997 season, finishing his career with the Kansas City Chiefs. Wallace was one of the only 49ers to participate in two United Way commercials, earning him the "Community Player of the Year"- Extra Effort Award in 1992. Television Commentator John Madden called Wallace's football play as "nasty, tenacious and mean," "he played with a defensive players' mentality" earning 4 All-Madden Teams, and an All-Rookie Team.
Wallace and Jerry Rice were pictured celebrating after a touchdown; that picture was used to symbolize the winning tradition of the 49ers on a commemorative stamp for "The Team of the Eighties." Also, Coach Bill Walsh talked about Wallace being one of his favorite players in the book The Blind Side: Evolution of a Game and numerous other 49ers Championship Books. In 21 years of football (5 middle and high school, 4 college, 12 professional) Wallace never had a losing season, with his worst season being a 10-6 finish with the 49ers in 1991. He made a career of protecting the blind side of one of the greatest players in football history, Joe Montana. Wallace became an NFL pioneer by becoming the first lineman to earn a lucrative contract. Wallace earned the recognition of revolutionizing the left tackle position by having the ability to face such legends like Lawrence Taylor, Richard Dent, and Chris Doleman,etc. in one-on-one competition.
Wallace signed a one-year contract with the Philadelphia Eagles in 1996 but was cut by his new team at the end of training camp and promptly re-signed with the 49ers.
Wallace's charity, The Steve Wallace Foundation for Everyday Championship a non-profit organization 501C-3.
Their mission is Working on educating and rebuilding youth self-esteem, character, knowledge in rural, urban or under privilege areas.
The focus has been for the betterment of kids by providing the motivational component for kids to achieve and have focus in life.
Personal life
Wallace is the nephew of comedian George Wallace.
References
External links
Steve Wallace Foundation
1964 births
Living people
American football offensive tackles
Auburn Tigers football players
Kansas City Chiefs players
San Francisco 49ers players
National Conference Pro Bowl players
Players of American football from DeKalb County, Georgia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve%20Wallace%20%28American%20football%29 |
St MacDara's Community College () is a secondary school situated on Wellington Lane in Templeogue, South Dublin. It is run by a board of management appointed by the Dublin and Dún Laoghaire Education and Training Board (ETB; previously the County Dublin Vocational Education Committee (CDVEC)) and the Catholic Archdiocese of Dublin, and including community representatives, and is a non-fee paying school.
History
The school was founded in 1982, under the County Dublin Vocational Education Committee (C.D.V.E.C), after a campaign for a school in the Willington area. It started with 66 pupils, and has since reached a population of over 800. The Catholic archbishop assigned the Marist Order to oversee the school for the diocese. A site on Wellington Lane was secured, and the official opening ceremony was held in May 1984. Derek Ward has been the principal since 2019.
In 2007/2008, to mark the school's 25th anniversary, a number of celebration events were held. The then Minister for Education and Science, Mary Hanafin, visited the school on 5 March 2008 as a guest of honour to celebrate the 25th anniversary of the school.
In 2016, the school held two commemorative days for the centenary of the 1916 Easter Rising. Guests speakers included a former teacher, deputy president of DCU, Daire Keogh.
Academics
St Mac Dara's accommodates both Junior Certificate and Leaving Certificate students. the school was ranked sixth in Ireland in terms of the number of students who progressed to third level and by the types of institution to which the students progressed.
It has an optional Transition Year programme, usually restricted to one class with a maximum of 30 students per year.
Facilities
St Mac Dara's facilities include four science laboratories, three home economics classrooms with appliances, two art classrooms, two woodwork classrooms, two engineering classrooms, two technical graphics rooms and over 40 classrooms. There is also a physical education hall / gymnasium on the school grounds. The school was selected in 2010 as one of 100 schools to be part of the Government's 100mbits Broadband Initiative, and every classroom was fitted with a smartboard, projector and a 100Mbit/s broadband enabled laptop.
Extra-curricular activities
Sport
The school's sporting and extra curricular activities include Gaelic football, hurling, soccer, rugby, basketball, golf and canoeing. In 2012, St Mac Dara's won both the Dublin and Leinster Senior Football Championships.
Societies and events
The school has a number of voluntary organisations and societies, including a history society, choir, orchestra, Irish-language groups and an Amnesty International group, which organises an annual Fair Trade Fair and other fundraisers throughout the year.
The school has tradition of charity fundraising and, in 2010, the school raised more money for Trócaire than any other school in Ireland. Annual fundraising activities undertaken by the college's students include a sponsored 24-hour fast, a table quiz, and a soccer marathon. A group of students traveled to Honduras/Nicaragua in 2005 as part of a charity project.
Governance
The school is overseen by a Board of Management, appointed by the Education and Training Board and the Catholic Archdiocese of Dublin, and including parental, community and teaching representatives. It has an advisory student council.
Popular culture
In October 2006, St MacDara's was used to shoot a scene in the film Assault of Darkness starring Vinnie Jones. Some of the fourth and fifth year students were used as extras in the scene, which was filmed in one of the science rooms.
Notable alumni
Pat Burke, former Dublin Gaelic footballer
Ken Early, sports journalist
Kerrie Ann Keogh, pop singer
Kevin McManamon, Dublin Gaelic footballer
Ryan O'Dwyer, Dublin hurler
Aidan Power, presenter
Aidan Turner, actor
Fintan Warfield, politician
References
Templeogue
Secondary schools in County Dublin | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%20Mac%20Dara%27s%20Community%20College |
The Mysore plateau, also known as the South Karnataka plateau, is a plateau that is one of the four geographically unique regions of the Indian state of Karnataka. It has many undulations and is bounded on the west and south by the Western Ghats. Most of the river Kaveri flows through Karnataka in the Mysore Plateau. The average elevation in the region is between 600 and 900 meters. The plateau covers the districts of Bangalore, Bangalore Rural, Chamarajanagar, Hassan, Kodagu, Kolar, Mandya, Mysore and Tumkur.
Overview
The name of the plateau is derived from Karunadu ("land of black soil"). The plateau has an area of about and an average elevation of about . It consists of the Dharwar system of volcanic rocks, crystalline schists, and granites. The major rivers include the Godavari, Krishna, Kaveri, Tungabhadra, Sharavati, and Bhima. The Sharavati has the famous waterfall known as Jog Falls (830 feet or 253 metres). These falls are one of the most important sources of hydroelectric power in the country and are also a major tourist attraction. The plateau merges with the Nilgiri Hills in the south. Rainfall varies from in the southern hills to in the northern region.
Sandalwood is exported, and teak and eucalyptus are used chiefly to make furniture and paper. Manganese, chromium, copper, and bauxite are mined. There are large reserves of iron ore in the Baba Budan hills and gold in the Kolar Gold Fields. Jowar (grain sorghum), cotton, rice, sugarcane, sesame seeds, peanuts (groundnuts), tobacco, fruits, coconuts, and coffee are the major crops. Textile manufacturing, food and tobacco processing, and printing are the principal industries. Bangalore (Bengaluru), capital of Karnataka state, is the site of most of the industrial development. Important towns include Mysore, Bangalore, Tumakuru.
See also
Deccan plateau
References
Landforms of Karnataka
Plateaus of India | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mysore%20plateau |
Stephen Henry Wallace A.M. (born 23 December 1943) is an Australian film and television director, screenwriter, producer, published author and acting coach. He has directed eight feature films, nine telemovies, numerous short films, worked on multiple television series and has a small theatre company.
Known for his eye for talent and passion for working with young artists, many now established actors can attribute their first feature film, or on-screen debut to working with Wallace; from Bryan Brown to Russell Crowe, Naomi Watts and many others.
Over the course of his career, Wallace's films have been recognised with over 38 nominations at local and international film festivals. In 2005, Wallace was awarded an Order of Australia in the Queen's Birthday Honours List for his contributions to the Australian film and television industry as both a director, and to the Australian Screen Directors' Association. In 2012, the ADG awarded Wallace the prestigious Cecil Holmes Award, presented in recognition of advocacy for, and services to directing.
A founding signatory, Wallace was President of the Australian Directors Guild between 1991 and 2000 and remains on the Board today as Treasurer. He currently sits as Chair of The Australian Screen Directors Collecting Society (ASDACS).
Short films
Early in his career, Wallace worked at Film Australia as a production assistant and director of documentaries.
Wallace then made several short 16mm fiction films, including: The Look, Brittle Weather Journey (screened at Ann Arbor Film Festival and at the Sydney Filmmakers' Co-op, 1974), Break Up (a finalist in the Greater Union Awards at the 1976 Sydney Film Festival) and Con Man Harry (winner of the Experimental section of the Chicago Film Festival, 1980).
Telemovies and documentaries
Wallace then transitioned into making a series of one hour telemovies and documentaries for Australian television networks. These included: the award winning Women of the Sun for SBS (1982); Quest Beyond Time for the Children's Television Foundation (1984); an ABC feature film Hunger (1987) for Jan Chapman; Gordon Bennett, a one hour drama for The Nine Network, as well as several documentaries for Seven Network.
Feature films
The Love Letters from Teralba Road (1977)His first short feature film was The Love Letters from Teralba Road (1977). Wallace found a number of letters in a Sydney flat in 1972 which had been written by a man living in Newcastle in 1959. He had beaten up his wife, who subsequently moved to Sydney and was asking for her forgiveness. Wallace drew inspiration from these to both write and direct the short film. The film is widely known as Bryan Brown's on-screen debut. In 1980 David Stratton called it, "not only the most moving love story given to us by the Australian cinema, but also probably the best featurette of the decade."
The film won three awards at the 1977 Film Institute Awards (Best Cinematography in a Non-Feature Film, Best Short Fiction Film, Special Award) and in 1978 the Interfilm Award at the Berlin International Film Festival.
Stir (1980)His feature directorial debut took place with Stir in 1980. The New South Wales Film Corporation was looking at investing in additional features films made by directors in whom they saw potential. Wallace had just made the critically acclaimed one-hour drama The Love Letters from Teralba Road and was asked if he had any new projects. He told them about this prison drama.
The film, also starring Bryan Brown, was written by Bob Jewson and based upon his own experiences while incarcerated during the 1974 prison riots at Bathurst Correctional Complex and subsequent Royal Commission into New South Wales Prisons. The film was shot over five weeks in October and November 1979 in South Australia at an abandoned prison in Gladstone.
Of the experience, Wallace recalls:
"Bob Jewson said one thing - and I think this is what we tried to make the theme of the film, although it was very hidden - that riots don't happen out of the blue. The prison authorities make you believe that all these criminals that are incarcerated are at all times dangerous and they're trying to get out. But Bob said that's never true; most of them have accepted their lot and they're trying to serve their time. They only get into a riot situation when they're treated badly and unfairly over a long period. He said most people don't want a riot; they know what it's going to mean - longer in jail."
The firm premiered at the 1980 Cannes Film Festival, also showing at the 1980 Edinburgh International Film Festival (UK), 1980 San Francisco International Film Festival (USA), Canale 5 in Italy, and many more. At the 1980 Australian Film Institute Awards, Stir received 13 nominations but did not win any categories.The Boy Who Had Everything (1986)
In 1984, Wallace wrote and directed his third feature film, The Boy Who Had Everything. The film began as autobiographical for Wallace but made some creative compromises in consultation with his Producers and Script Editors in the hope it would make the film more commercial. The film starred Sean Connery's first wife Diane Cilento and their son, Jason Connery - playing mother and son on-screen.
The film was first released at the 1985 Moscow Film Festival.
For Love Alone (1986)
In 1986, Wallace directed and adaptation of Christina Stead's novel, For Love Alone, in a film by the same title. Wallace also wrote the screenplay adaptation. The film starred critically acclaimed actors Helen Buday, Hugo Weaving and Sam Neill, as well as marking Australian actress Naomi Watts' feature film debut.
The film was a pet project for Producer Margaret Fink who took six years to raise financing. The bulk of the money came from a pre-sale to Greater Union and from UA. Fink had been impressed by Stir and asked Stephen Wallace to direct the feature. An earlier draft of the adaptation had been written, but neither Fink nor Wallace were happy with it so Wallace did the adaptation himself. Wallace says it took him three and a half years to write the script.
The film was entered into the 37th Berlin International Film Festival with Wallace being nominated for the prestigious Golden Berlin Bear Award, as well as receiving five nominations at the Australian Film Institute Awards.
Olive (1988)Wallace made Olive in 1988. The film earned four nominations at the 1988 Australian Film Institute Awards, with Kerry McGuire winning Best Performance by an Actress in a Telefeature.Blood Oath (1990)In 1990, Wallace directed Blood Oath (known in some countries as Prisoners of the Sun). The film was co-written by Denis Whitburn and Brian A. Williams. The film is based on the real-life trial of Japanese soldiers for war crimes committed against Allied prisoners of war on the island of Ambon, in the Netherlands East Indies (Indonesia), such as the Laha massacre of 1942.
Blood Oath stars Bryan Brown, George Takei, Terry O'Quinn, John Bach, John Clarke, Deborah Kara Unger, John Polson, Nicholas Eadie, David Argue and Ray Barrett. The film is also widely known as the first film debut for both Russell Crowe and Jason Donovan. It was nominated for several 1990 Australian Film Institute Awards, including "Best Film". It won the AFI Awards for Best Achievement in Sound and Best Achievement in Costume Design.Turtle Beach (1992)Wallace's final feature film before taking a hiatus from directing was Turtle Beach. Wallace was hired because the financiers who had invested in his movie Blood Oath loved his work and saw him as a good choice. The screenplay was written by Ann Turner, based on the 1981 novel of the same name by Blanche d'Alpuget. The film stars Greta Scacchi and Joan Chen.A Suburban Love Story (2018)
In 2014, it was announced that Wallace was directing again. The low budget film, The Body in the Yard (later changed to A Suburban Love Story) , was set to begin shooting on 28 August 2014, with an all-Australian cast. This film is based on an Australian newspaper story Wallace read back in the 1980s or 90s, about the murder by a husband of his wife; the husband buried his murdered wife in the backyard and continued to live with his girlfriend in the same house.
Television
Stephen Wallace has directed various TV series and nine telemovies, four of which were made for the Australian Broadcasting Commission (ABC).
Between 1985 and 1998, Wallace directed episodes of Women of the Sun, The Flying Doctors, Australians, Seven Deadly Sins, Twisted Tales and Water Rats, among others.
Theatre and Developing Actors
From the onset of his career, Wallace has been widely known to have a passion for working with actors, both as a professional coach, in theatre, and to get the most out of his cast. Wallace has worked on and off as an acting teacher for Screenwise Australia for several years.
Many now established actors can attribute their first feature film, or on-screen debut to working with Wallace; from the likes of Bryan Brown to Russell Crowe, Naomi Watts and many others. Wallace has also worked with critically acclaimed actors Sam Neill, Hugo Weaving and Greta Scacchi.
Impulse Theatre Company
In taking a break from filmmaking, Wallace founded a small Theatre Company, Impulse Theatre where he ran a method acting workshop known as The Growtowski Workshop.
Through Impulse Theatre, Wallace produced several productions of Oedipus, Lysistrata, Cosi, Romeo and Juliet, As You Like It, Shoehorn Sonata, Away and more. He completed four productions for the Short and Sweet Festival at the Seymour Centre as well as creating a short film with the company Disconnected.
On Oedipus the King (Impulse Theatre Company, 2003), The Sydney Morning Herald wrote,
"This version, directed by Stephen Wallace, is billed as a "Grotowski workshop", in regards to the late Polish director's style. Audiences are welcome to turn up an hour early to watch the cast warm up. Often productions dedicated to a particular performance style can use the text as an excuse for stylistic pyrotechnics and barren "look at me" performance athletics.
Fortunately, this is not the case here. Much guff has been opined about the revered Jerzy Grotowski but his key concerns were about simplicity (stripping away everything non-essential), the centrality of the actor to the creation of meaning, and ritualistic, essentialist physicality. The production is certainly an example of [this] - there are no set, almost no props and very simple costuming.
The Grotowski influence also shows in its careful but subtle physicality, an economy of character-identifying gesture and simple but affecting grouping of performers."
With Impulse Theatre Company, Wallace also directed 16 full-length plays from within the NSW school syllabus, taking the crew on tour to schools across regional parts of NSW to share his love of theatre with their students.
Advocate for directors
During his career, Stephen Wallace has played an instrumental role in advocating for directorial rights, both in Australia and abroad, beginning as early as 1982.
As one of the original signatories to the ASDA Articles of Association (now known as the Australian Director's Guild) on 15 January 1982, Wallace and his team worked hard to build membership and fight for appropriate regulation and resources on top of advocating for better rights, opportunities and recognition for screen directors. After 40 years, the ADG now represents the interests of over 1,000 Screen Director members working across film, television, streaming and digital media.
In 1991, as President of ASDA, Wallace was determined to re-invigorate what the team had originally set out to do. Recognising their members’ interest in the art/craft of directing, he proposed the institution of a Directors Conference and Directors Discussion Screenings. During this period also, ASDA continued its participation in industry policy development with relevant government departments. In 1994, ASDA President Stephen Wallace, at the invitation of the late John Juliani of the DGC (Directors Guild of Canada) met in Toronto with the DGA (Directors Guild of America) and BECTU (Britain's Broadcasting, Entertainment, Cinematograph and Theatre Union), thus beginning a process of achieving closer relationships with overseas guilds. Subsequently, ASDA regularly participated in the annual International Directors' Guild Forum, an event which it hosted in Sydney in 1998.
Similarly, in 1995 ASDA formed ASDACS (the Australian Directors Collecting Society) after having been approached by the Société des Auteurs et Compositeurs Dramatiques to distribute money collected on behalf of directors from the sale of video tapes in France and formed further relationships with other European collecting societies. In recent years they have distributed over half a million dollars annually to their 800 director members in Australia and New Zealand.
Wallace remains on the board of the Australian Directors Guild and chairs the Australian Screen Directors' Collecting Society.
In his career, he's also spent five years as a Senior Project Manager for the Australian Film Commission.
Awards
Stephen Wallace was awarded the A.M. (Order of Australia) in the 2005 Queen's Birthday Honours List for his contributions to the Australian film and television industry as a director and to the Australian Screen Directors' Association. In 2012, the ADG awarded Wallace the Cecil Holmes Award for Outstanding Contribution to the Australian Directors Guild.
His first film The Love Letters from Teralba Road, won the Interfilm Award at the 1977 Berlin International Film Festival and three Australian Academy of Cinema and Television Arts (AACTA) Awards (known then as the AFI Awards). He was awarded Best Short Fiction Film for Captives of Care at the 1981 AACTA Awards. His 1986 film For Love Alone was nominated for the Golden Berlin Bear at the 37th Berlin International Film Festival and his 1984 film, The Boy Who Had Everything, was nominated for the Golden Prize at the 14th Moscow International Film Festival.
Filmography
Two Australian Diary Items (1967) - documentary
Westwood Retarded Girls' Home (1969) - documentary
Eric Hiaiveta in Canberra (1972) - documentary
Brittle Weather Journey (1973) - short
Break Up (1975) - short
The Love Letters from Teralba Road (1977) - short feature
Stir (1980)
The Boy Who Had Everything (1984)
Hunger (1986) - TV film
For Love Alone (1986)
Olive (1988)
Prisoners of the Sun/Blood Oath (1990)
Turtle Beach (1992)
A Suburban Love Story (2018)
References
External links
1943 births
Australian film directors
Australian screenwriters
Australian television directors
Members of the Order of Australia
Mass media people from New South Wales
Living people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen%20Wallace |
AgriBank, part of the US Farm Credit System, serves as a wholesale lender and a farm credit bank (FCB) to a 15-state network of local farm credit associations in a district that stretches from Ohio to Wyoming and Minnesota to Arkansas. AgriBank is the second largest of the four banks in the Farm Credit System and has over $100 billion in assets. Like AgFirst Farm Credit Bank and Farm Credit Bank of Texas, Agribank is organized as an FCB while CoBank, the fourth bank in the system, is organized as an agricultural credit bank (ACB).
AgriBank is owned by member associations, which are owned by agricultural borrowers. In 2011, it relocated its headquarters to Wells Fargo Place in downtown St. Paul, Minnesota.
Leadership includes an 18-seat board of directors and an executive team based in St. Paul. Directors serve 4-year terms.
History
AgriBank is the product of mergers of several regional Farm Credit Banks:
1992 merger of the Farm Credit Bank of Saint Louis and Farm Credit Bank of Saint Paul to form AgriBank.
1994 merger with the Farm Credit Bank of Louisville.
1994 merger of the Farm Credit Bank of Spokane and Farm Credit Bank of Omaha to form AgAmerica Farm Credit Bank.
2003 merger with AgAmerica Farm Credit Bank.
References
Further reading
External links
Farm Credit Administration in the Federal Register
Farm Credit System
Companies based in Saint Paul, Minnesota
Banks based in Minnesota
Government-owned banks | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AgriBank |
Ben Webster Meets Oscar Peterson is a 1960 studio album featuring a jazz trio, led by the Canadian jazz pianist Oscar Peterson, with the tenor saxophonist Ben Webster.
Reception
Writing for AllMusic, critic Stephen Cook wrote "Another fine Webster release on Verve that sees the tenor great once again backed by the deluxe Oscar Peterson Trio... to reassure Peterson fans worried about scant solo time for their hero, the pianist lays down a healthy number of extended runs, unobtrusively shadowing Webster's vaporous tone and supple phrasing along the way. Not only a definite first-disc choice for Webster newcomers, but one of the jazz legend's all-time great records."
Track listing
"The Touch of Your Lips" (Ray Noble) – 6:20
"When Your Lover Has Gone" (Einar Aaron Swan) – 3:59
"Bye Bye Blackbird" (Mort Dixon, Ray Henderson) – 6:45
"How Deep Is the Ocean?" (Irving Berlin) – 2:36
"In the Wee Small Hours of the Morning" (Bob Hilliard, David Mann) – 3:13
"Sunday" (Chester Conn, Benny Krueger, Nathan "Ned" Miller, Jule Styne) – 3:57
"This Can't Be Love" (Lorenz Hart, Richard Rodgers) – 9:51
Personnel
Oscar Peterson - piano
Ben Webster - tenor saxophone
Ray Brown - double bass
Ed Thigpen - drums
References
Oscar Peterson albums
Ben Webster albums
1960 albums
Verve Records albums
Albums produced by Norman Granz | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben%20Webster%20Meets%20Oscar%20Peterson |
CDG Express is a planned railway line between Gare de l'Est in Paris and Charles de Gaulle Airport to alleviate the saturation of the RER B line. , it is scheduled to open in early 2027. and, when operational, it will take no more than 20 minutes to travel the 32-kilometre distance, for a fare of €24.
History
In June 2000 SNCF, Réseau Ferré de France and Aéroports de Paris formed CDG-Express, a groupement d'intérêt économique, to develop a high-speed rail link from Paris to Charles de Gaulle Airport. It was proposed to open in 2006.
In July 2008 a consortium of Vinci, Caisse des dépôts et consignations, Axa and Keolis was selected to finance, build and manage the line with a scheduled 2013 opening. However the project stalled, until it was relaunched in January 2014.
It will be built and operated by a 50:50 joint venture between SNCF and Paris Aéroport. Hello Paris, a Keolis and RATP Group joint venture, will operate the line for 15 years from January 2024 with a fleet of Alstom Coradia Liners.
On 29 May 2019, transport minister Élisabeth Borne announced the CDG Express would be delayed to late 2025, after the 2024 Summer Olympics, in order to focus on other infrastructure works in the northern suburbs of Paris.
Commissioning with opening to the public is scheduled for the first quarter of 2027.
References
External links
Airport rail links
Charles de Gaulle Airport
Keolis
Proposed railway lines in France
RATP Group
2024 in rail transport | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CDG%20Express |
Pizzle is a Middle English word for penis, derived from Low German or Flemish Dutch , diminutive of , meaning 'sinew'. The word is used today to signify the penis of an animal, chiefly in Australia and New Zealand.
Original uses
The word pizzle is also known, at least since 1523, especially in the combination "bull pizzle", to denote a flogging instrument made from a bull's penis. It derives from the Low German or Flemish , originally from the Dutch language meaning "sinew".
In William Shakespeare's play Henry IV, Part 1, the character Falstaff uses the term as an insult (Act 2, Scene IV):
'Sblood, you starveling, you elf-skin, you dried neat's tongue, you bull's pizzle, you stock-fish!
In heraldry
In heraldry, the term pizzled (or in French blazon) indicates the depiction or inclusion of an animate charge's genitalia, especially if colored (or "tinctured") differently.
In 1485, Henry VII carried with him a red dragon on the field of Bosworth where he was declared King of England. The dragon was depicted with an erect pizzle, and although the pizzle is missing in many variations of the Welsh flag, the British royal family continue to depict the pizzle.
The bear in the coat of arms of Appenzell is represented pizzled, and omission of this feature was seen as a grave insult. In 1579, the pizzle was forgotten by the printer of a calendar printed in Saint Gallen, which brought Appenzell to the brink of war with Saint Gallen.
In 2007, commander Karl Engelbrektson decided that the lion's penis in the coat of arms of the Nordic Battlegroup had to be removed. Contrary to initial media reports that the decision was taken following complaints from female soldiers, Engelbrektsson revealed in a February 2008 interview with Sveriges Radio that it was he who made the decision, based on the 2000 United Nations Security Council Resolution 1325 on women, peace, and security. Since civilian women are often sexually assaulted in the war zones of the world, the commander did not consider the depiction of a penis appropriate on a uniform worn into battle. The decision was questioned by some Swedish heraldists, with Vladimir Sagerlund asserting that coats of arms containing lions without a penis were historically given to those who had betrayed the Swedish Crown. The state heraldist Henrik Klackenberg complained that his heraldry unit should have been consulted before making such change, but did not intend to take legal action.
Modern uses
Paramilitary use in World War II
Pizzles were widely used (as whips) as late as 1944 by local paramilitary units on the Eastern Front, usually as a disciplinary measure against arrested or bullied civilians.
Animal consumption
Pizzles, or bully sticks, are mostly produced today as chewing treats for dogs.
Bull penises are dried, in open air or in ovens. Commercial vendors will drain the blood and urine from the organ prior to drying in order to decrease the smell of these when chewed by dogs. These are called "odor free" bully sticks. "Junior" bully sticks are thinner ones that are made from castrated males (steer).
Glue
The pizzle of bull was commonly rendered for use as glue.
Human consumption
In addition to being used as a dog treat, pizzles are also eaten by humans for their purported health benefits (according to traditional Chinese medicine) such as being low in cholesterol and high in protein, hormones, and vitamins, and minerals such as calcium and magnesium, although little empirical evidence supports these claims. Pizzles for human consumption are prepared either by freezing or by drying.
Scottish deer pizzles are thought to boost stamina and were used by Chinese athletes at the 2008 Summer Olympics. Pizzles can be served in soup, and if they have been dried they can be turned into a paste. Pizzles may also be mixed with alcoholic beverages or simply thawed (if frozen) and eaten. In Jamaica, bull pizzles are referred to as "cow cods" and are eaten as cow cod soup. Like many animal penis- or testicle-based foods, cow cod soup is claimed to be an aphrodisiac and to be able to boost muscle strength.
References
Offal
Penis
id:Penis#Morfologi | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pizzle |
Dale Hollow Lake State Resort Park is a Kentucky state park located on the Frogue Peninsula on the northern shore of Dale Hollow Reservoir in Clinton and Cumberland counties. The park comprises .
References
External links
Dale Hollow Lake State Resort Park Kentucky Department of Parks
Dale Hollow Lake U.S. Army Corps of Engineers Nashville District
State parks of Kentucky
Protected areas of Cumberland County, Kentucky | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dale%20Hollow%20Lake%20State%20Park |
HP6 or variant, may refer to:
HP6, a postcode for Amersham, see HP postcode area
hP6, a Pearson symbol
Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince, the sixth Harry Potter novel
Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince (film), the sixth Harry Potter film
Handley Page Type F aka H.P.6, an airplane
HP-6, a glider designed by Richard Schreder
See also
HP (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HP6 |
Starseed is a proposed method of launching interstellar nanoprobes at one-third light speed.
The launcher uses a 1,000 km-long small-diameter hollow wire, with electrodes lining the hollow wire, an electrostatic accelerator tube, similar to K. Eric Drexler's ideas. The launcher is designed to accelerate its probes to 1/3 the speed of light, about 100,000 kilometers per second, at something on the order of 100 million gravities of acceleration.
Keeping the launch tube straight enough to avoid the probe hitting the tube walls is a major challenge. The launcher would have to be set up in deep space, well away from any planets, to avoid gravitational tide effects bending the tube too much.
The proposed starseed probes would be extremely small (roughly one microgram) nanomachines and nanocomputers. The required launch energy per probe would be low due to the low mass, and many nanoprobes would be launched in sequence and rendezvous in flight.
References
Reference to Starseed concept in paper from 2010 International Planetary Probe Workshop
Hypothetical spacecraft
Interstellar travel | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starseed%20launcher |
The psychology of programming (PoP) is the field of research that deals with the psychological aspects of writing programs (often computer programs). The field has also been called the empirical studies of programming (ESP). It covers research into computer programmers' cognition, tools and methods for programming-related activities, and programming education.
Psychologically, computer programming is a human activity which involves cognitions such as reading and writing computer language, learning, problem solving, and reasoning.
History
The history of psychology of programming dates back to late 1970s and early 1980s, when researchers realized that computational power should not be the only thing to be evaluated in programming tools and technologies, but also the usability from the users. In the first Workshop on Empirical Studies of Programmers, Ben Shneiderman listed several important destinations for researchers. These destinations include refining the use of current languages, improving present and future languages, developing special purpose languages, and improving tools and methods. Two important workshop series have been devoted to psychology of programming in the last two decades: the Workshop on Empirical Studies of Programmers (ESP), based primarily in the US, and the Psychology of Programming Interest Group Workshop (PPIG), having a European character. ESP has a broader scope than pure psychology in programming, and on the other hand, PPIG is more focused in the field of PoP. However, PPIG workshops and the organization PPIG itself is informal in nature, It is group of people who are interested in PoP that comes together and publish their discussions.
Goals and purposes
It is desirable to achieve a programming performance such that creating a program meets its specifications, is on schedule, is adaptable for the future and runs efficiently. Being able to satisfy all these goals at a low cost is a difficult and common problem in software engineering and project management. By understanding the psychological aspects of computer programming, we can better understand how to achieve a higher programming performance, and to assist programmers to produce better software with less error.
Research methods
Some methods which one can use to study the psychological aspects of computer programming include introspection, observation, experiment, and qualitative research.
Cognitive biases
Cognitive biases are systematic differences from an optimal way of reasoning about something. Research has suggested there are a number of biases involved in programming. Anchoring bias have been identified for estimation and the reuse of ideas. There is an optimism bias applies to work being carried out.Availability bias can cause programmers to use incorrect keywords when searching documentation and not find relevant information and prevent programmers from applying lessons learned from previous projects in an organization.
Confirmation bias can apply to testing leading developers to write test cases that will work for the code rather than those that are likely to fail. It can also apply to searching documentation only for a programmers current hypothesis. Training in logical reasoning and hypothesis testing reduced this confirmation bias.
See also
Cognitive psychology
Human computer interaction
Learning
Problem solving
References
External links
Psychology of programming web site
Cognition
Computer programming
Cyberpsychology | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Psychology%20of%20programming |
The Vietnam Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development or Agribank () is the largest commercial bank in Vietnam by total assets. It is a state-owned corporation under a special status. According to a report by the United Nations Development Programme, Agribank is also the largest corporation in Vietnam.
History
The bank was founded on 26 March 1988, by the then-Council of Ministers of Vietnam as a specialised bank aimed at rural and agricultural development as Vietnam Bank for Agricultural Development. The bank built on the agency network of the State Bank of Vietnam for its branches. On 14 November 1990, it was replaced by the Vietnam Bank for Agriculture by a prime ministerial decision. On 15 November 1996, it was renamed again to Vietnam Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development.
Size
Agribank is the largest bank in Vietnam by most measures: capital, total assets, staff, operating network, and clients. Its capital as of March 2007 was VND 267.000 billion, with an equity of VND 15.000 billion and total assets of almost VND 239.000 billion. The bank operates 2,225 branches and transaction offices nationwide and employs approximately 40,000 staff.
See also
List of banks in Vietnam
AgriBank (disambiguation)
References
External links
Official website
Banks of Vietnam
Government-owned companies of Vietnam
Banks established in 1988
Vietnamese brands
Government-owned banks
1988 establishments in Vietnam | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vietnam%20Bank%20for%20Agriculture%20and%20Rural%20Development |
Greenbo Lake State Resort Park in Kentucky is a resort park in the northeastern part of the commonwealth, close to the town of Greenup, Kentucky in Greenup County on Kentucky State Route 1. It features a 36-room lodge named for Greenup County resident and writer Jesse Hilton Stuart, a 63-site campground with 35 primitive sites, a swimming pool with slides, two tennis courts, an 18-hole miniature golf course, an amphitheater and a scuba refuge area. The lodge contains a 232-seat dining room. It is centered on the Greenbo Lake that features a boat dock and marina. There are over of hiking, biking and horseback trails. The park hosts a variety of community events each year including a quilt show, murder mystery dinner theaters, scrapbooking, and a 5K race.
References
External links
Greenbo Lake State Resort Park Kentucky Department of Parks
Greenbo Lake State Resort Park American Byways
State parks of Kentucky
Protected areas of Greenup County, Kentucky
Protected areas established in 1970 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greenbo%20Lake%20State%20Resort%20Park |
Daniel MacDonald or McDonald may refer to:
Daniel J. MacDonald (1918–1980), Canadian politician
Daniel McDonald (Nova Scotia politician) (1817–1911), lawyer and political figure in Nova Scotia
Daniel Macdonald (missionary) (1846–1927), missionary and linguist
Daniel McDonald (actor) (1960–2007), American actor
Daniel C. MacDonald (1882–?), politician in Prince Edward Island, Canada
Daniel D. McDonald (1865–?), politician in Manitoba, Canada
Daniel MacDonald (wrestler) (1908–1979), Canadian Olympic wrestler
See also
Dan R. MacDonald (1911–1976), composer of fiddle tunes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel%20MacDonald |
The United States national baseball team, also known as Team USA represents the United States in international-level baseball competitions. The team is currently ranked 2nd in the world by the World Baseball Softball Confederation. The United States has won many international tournaments, many of which are now discontinued. Most notably the team won the Olympic baseball tournament in 2000, and the World Baseball Classic (WBC) in 2017.
The United States national team debuted in the Baseball World Cup in 1938. The tournament was discontinued in 2011 in favor of the best-on-best World Baseball Classic. The United States won the tournament four times. In the 2000 Baseball Olympic games, the United States won their first Olympic gold in baseball.
The United States was an inaugural member of the World Baseball Classic, making its debut in the first edition. In their first three appearances in the WBC, the best finish for the Americans was fourth place in 2009. In 2017, the team won the WBC title for the first time by defeating Puerto Rico in the final game.
Team USA qualified for the 2020 Summer Olympics by winning the eight-team Americas Qualifying Event in June 2021. In the Olympic competition, held in Tokyo in July and August 2021, the team won the silver medal, losing to hosts Japan in the gold medal game.
The team is governed by USA Baseball, and its headquarters/training facilities are located in Cary, North Carolina. Along with the professional national team, USA Baseball also fields a Collegiate, 18U, 15U, and 12U National baseball team. All of the teams contribute to the WBSC ranking of the US National team through various tournaments hosted by the World Baseball Softball Confederation.
Throughout the years, many high-level players have been developed by USA Baseball, and have played on the national team before becoming professional players. Many players who are currently playing in Major League Baseball have also joined the team for the World Baseball Classic and Olympic baseball tournaments.
Current roster
The roster for the 2023 World Baseball Classic:
Results and fixtures
The following is a list of professional baseball game results currently active in the latest version of the WBSC World Rankings, as well as any future matches that have been scheduled.
Legend
2019
2021
2022
2023
Primary national team tournament records
World Baseball Classic
In , Major League Baseball announced the formation of the World Baseball Classic, a 16-nation international competition to be held in March of for the first time. The tournament was the first of its kind to have the national teams of IBAF's member federations feature professional players from the major leagues around the world, including Major League Baseball.
Record by team
2006: Inaugural Classic
On January 17, , the United States announced its provisional 60-man roster (52 players in all), and whittled down the squad mixed with youth and experience to 30 players on February 14, 2006. Sixteen of the 30 Major League clubs were represented on the 2006 squad, including multiple representatives from the New York Yankees (4), Houston Astros (3), Washington Nationals (3), Atlanta Braves (2), Boston Red Sox (2), Chicago Cubs (2), Colorado Rockies (2), Houston Astros (2), and Texas Rangers (2). The fact that four Yankees were selected for the squad irked Yankees owner George Steinbrenner, who was opposed to the WBC being held in the middle of spring training to the point where at his team's complex in Tampa, Florida, he posted a sign apologizing for their absence and mocking the tournament in the process. Major League Baseball Commissioner Bud Selig promptly ordered him to take down the sign the next day.
Manager Buck Martinez brought his 17 years of professional experience as a major league catcher, and 1+ seasons as Toronto Blue Jays' (–) skipper to the U.S. team. Former big league managers Davey Johnson and Marcel Lachemann served as hitting coach and pitching coach, respectively.
Along with fellow North American rivals Canada and Mexico, the U.S. hosted the South Africa. Round One games were held at Chase Field in Phoenix, Arizona and Scottsdale Stadium in Scottsdale, Arizona. The top two teams advanced to Angel Stadium of Anaheim in Anaheim, California.
Despite a surprising loss to Canada, the United States advanced to the second round via tiebreaker. However, second-round losses to South Korea and Mexico allowed Japan to advance over the Americans via tiebreak.
2009: America's second-best finish
The United States competed in Pool C of the 2009 World Baseball Classic along with Italy, Venezuela, and host Canada. The U.S. won the pool opener against Canada by a score of 6-, and secured advancement into Round 2 by defeating Venezuela in a 15–6 slugfest. Venezuela, however, came back to defeat the U.S. in the championship game of Pool C, 5–3.
On March 14, in their first match of round 2 against Puerto Rico, in Miami, Florida's Dolphin Stadium, the United States was mercy ruled for the first time in international competition, losing 11–1 in seven innings. Adam Dunn and Captain Derek Jeter were among the ones to voice their distaste with the severe beating. Manager Davey Johnson even stated "I should have stayed there", referencing a wedding he was at earlier in the day.
The United States came on strong the following day against the surprising Netherlands (who had already eliminated a tournament super power: The Dominican Republic), jumping out to a 6–0 lead in the fourth inning, and winning 9–3. With Puerto Rico losing to Venezuela 2–0 the following day, the U.S. would face Puerto Rico once again in the qualifying round. The loser would be eliminated from the tournament. With Puerto Rico leading 5–3 in the 9th inning, singles by Shane Victorino and Brian Roberts and walks by Jimmy Rollins and Kevin Youkilis cut the lead to 5–4 for New York Mets third baseman David Wright, who looped a barely-fair single into right that brought in Roberts and Rollins to win the game, 6–5, advancing to the semifinals while eliminating Puerto Rico. The United States would go on to lose to Japan 9–4 in the second semifinal.
2013: Stiffer competition; America misses the finals again
The United States team competed in Pool D of the 2013 World Baseball Classic along with Italy, Canada, and Mexico. The U.S. team lost to Mexico in the first round 5–2, but later won two games against Canada and Italy, securing their place for the second round, along with Italy, on Pool 2.
On March 12, they beat Puerto Rico 7–1, which then proceeded to face off against the Dominican Republic on March 14, losing 3–1 where they face off Puerto Rico once again the next day, as Puerto Rico beat the American team 4–3 (as revenge for being eliminated from the 2009 World Baseball Classic), thus eliminating them from the tournament.
2017: First championship
The Americans won their first game over Colombia, 3–2, in 10 innings on a walk-off single by Adam Jones. After losing to the Dominican Republic after having a 5-run lead, the U.S. defeated Canada to reach the Second Round.
In the Second Round the Americans won the first game of the round defeating Venezuela 4–2. In the second game the U.S. was defeated by Puerto Rico 6–5 after giving up 4 runs in the 1st inning. The U.S. then defeated the Dominican Republic to advance to the Championship Round.
In the Championship Round Semifinals on March 21, the Americans defeated Japan 2–1 to advance to their first-ever appearance in the Final. In the Final on March 22, the U.S. once again faced Puerto Rico; the U.S. however, ended up winning 8–0 capturing the first ever World Baseball Classic Title for the United States. Following the conclusion of the tournament, Eric Hosmer, Christian Yelich, and Marcus Stroman were named to the 2017 All-World Baseball Classic team.
2023: the Americans fail to repeat
Team USA won their first game in pool play against Great Britain 6–2. They lost their next game against Mexico 11–5 in which would ultimately be their only pool play loss. The United States won their final two games against Canada and Columbia and advanced to the knockout stage.
In their quarterfinal matchup against Venezuela, the Americans were trailing 7–5 in the 8th when Trea Turner hit a go-ahead Grand Slam to win the game 9–7 for Team USA to advance to the semi-finals. There, the U.S. blew out Cuba 14–2 and advanced to the Championship round for the second time in a row.
Their Championship round opponent was a championship much anticipated for the WBC, which was Japan. The Americans took an early 1–0 lead on a Trea Turner homerun but could not close the door and lost to Japan, with the final score being 3–2. Trea Turner and Mike Trout were named to the 2023 All-World Baseball Classic team.
Olympic Games
Background
Baseball unofficially debuted at the Summer Olympics of 1904 in St. Louis. Single exhibition games were played in conjunction with five Olympics: 1912 in Stockholm, 1936 in Berlin, 1952 in Helsinki, 1956 in Melbourne, and 1964 in Tokyo. The 1952 exhibition was of a Finnish variant of baseball known as pesäpallo.
The 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles was the first to feature a tournament in the program. Eight teams competed in the tournament held at Dodger Stadium. Cuba, after winning the gold medal at the 1983 Pan American Games, was to participate, but did not as a result of the Soviet-led boycott. The United States national team (Team USA) finished second, falling to Japan in the final game, 6–3. No official medals were awarded as baseball was a demonstration sport.
Baseball returned as a demonstration sport at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul. Again an eight-team tournament, the United States finished first in the tournament, defeating Japan, 5–3, in the final game.
Baseball became an official medal sport beginning with the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona. Competition was open only to male amateurs in 1992 and 1996. As a result, Team USA and other nations where professional baseball is developed relied on college baseball players, while Cuba used their most experienced veterans, who technically were considered amateurs as they nominally held other jobs. Professional baseball players were introduced in 2000, but the situation remained largely the same. No active players from Major League Baseball (MLB) competed—as MLB declined to release its players—so Team USA utilized minor-league players and free agents, while Cuba and some other nations were still able to use their best players, as they had no commitments with MLB.
At the International Olympic Committee (IOC) meeting on July 8, 2005, baseball and softball were voted out of the 2012 Summer Olympics in London, becoming the first sports voted out of the Olympics since polo was eliminated from the 1936 Summer Olympics. The IOC cited the absence of the best players as the main reason for baseball being dropped from the Olympic program following the 2008 games. Baseball returned to the Olympic program for the 2020 games, held in 2021 in Tokyo. It will not be part of the 2024 games in Paris, but is scheduled for the 2028 games in Los Angeles.
1992: Fourth in Barcelona
Team USA had a 5–2 record in pool play, then lost to Cuba in the semifinals, followed by a loss to Japan in the bronze-medal match.
Pitchers (8):
Willie Adams, Stanford
Jeff Alkire (L), Miami
Darren Dreifort, Wichita State
Rick Greene, LSU
Rick Helling, Stanford
Daron Kirkreit, UC Riverside
Ron Villone (L), UMass
B. J. Wallace (L), Mississippi State
Pitcher / Outfielder (1):
Chris Roberts (L), Florida State
Catchers (2):
Charles Johnson, Miami
Jason Varitek, Georgia Tech
Infielders (6):
Nomar Garciaparra, Georgia Tech
Jason Giambi, Long Beach State
Phil Nevin, Cal State Fullerton
Michael Tucker, Longwood
Craig Wilson, Kansas State
Chris Wimmer, Wichita State
Outfielders (3):
Jeffrey Hammonds, Stanford
Chad McConnell, Creighton
Calvin Murray, Texas
Manager: Ron Fraser, Miami
Note: Jason Moler of Cal State Fullerton was initially named to the squad as one of the catchers, but was replaced by Varitek due to injury prior to the start of the competition.
Source:
1996: Bronze in Atlanta
Team USA had a 6–1 record in pool play, then lost to Japan in the semifinals, followed by a win over Nicaragua in the bronze-medal match.
Chad Allen
Kris Benson
R. A. Dickey
Troy Glaus
Chad Green
Seth Greisinger
Kip Harkrider
A. J. Hinch
Jacque Jones
Billy Koch
Mark Kotsay
Matt LeCroy
Travis Lee
Brian Loyd
Braden Looper
Warren Morris
Augie Ojeda
Jim Parque
Jeff Weaver
Jason Williams
Manager: Skip Bertman
Source:
2000: Gold in Sydney
Team USA had a 6–1 record in pool play, then defeated South Korea in the semifinals, followed by a win over Cuba in the gold-medal game.
Brent Abernathy
Kurt Ainsworth
Pat Borders
Sean Burroughs
John Cotton
Travis Dawkins
Adam Everett
Ryan Franklin
Chris George
Shane Heams
Marcus Jensen
Mike Kinkade
Rick Krivda
Doug Mientkiewicz
Mike Neill
Roy Oswalt
Jon Rauch
Anthony Sanders
Bobby Seay
Ben Sheets
Brad Wilkerson
Todd Williams
Ernie Young
Tim Young
Manager: Tommy Lasorda
Source:
2004: Did not qualify for Athens
2008: Bronze in Beijing
Team USA qualified for the 2008 Summer Olympics by winning the American Qualifying Tournament. In Beijing, Team USA had a 5–2 record in pool play, then lost to Cuba in the semifinals, followed by a win over Japan in the bronze-medal match.
2020: Silver in Tokyo
In November 2019, with Scott Brosius as manager, the team initially failed to qualify at the 2019 WBSC Premier12 Tournament. The team subsequently qualified, with Mike Scioscia as manager, by winning the Americas Qualifying Event held from May 31 to June 5, 2021, in Florida. Luke Williams led the team in batting average (.444), runs (6), hits (8), and RBIs (6), Todd Frazier and Mark Kolozsvary led in home runs (2), and David Robertson led the team in saves (2).
At the Olympics, the team first won its three-team pool, via victories over South Korea and Israel. In the modified double-elimination bracket, the team lost to Japan in the second round, then defeated the Dominican Republic in the repechage and South Korea in the semi-finals and advanced to the gold medal game where the team lost to Japan for the second time. Team Japan was made up of players from Nippon Professional Baseball, which paused its season for the Olympics, while Team USA fielded minor-league players and free agents with major-league experience.
The team's roster for the Olympics was released on July 2, 2021.
Premier12 Tournament
2015
Team USA came in second in the 2015 WBSC Premier12 Tournament.
2019
Team USA came in fourth in the 12-team 2019 WBSC Premier12 Tournament in November 2019. Two quota spots were allocated from the Tournament, of the spots for six baseball teams at the 2020 Olympic Games, with third-place Mexico as the top finisher from the Americas earning one spot and Team USA not earning a spot. Team USA did not include players who were on their teams' 40-man MLB rosters, being made up of minor league players, including former First Round MLB draft picks Jo Adell, Tanner Houck, and Brent Rooker (2017 MLB draft), Alec Bohm and Xavier Edwards (2018 MLB draft), and Andrew Vaughn (2019 MLB draft). Other teams used their top-level players.
Amateur World Series and Baseball World Cup
The U.S. lost the inaugural Amateur World Series in 1938. The U.S. won its first Amateur World Series in , and repeated a year later.
In , the Amateur World Series became the International Baseball Federation's (IBAF) World Cup.
Since 1938, the U.S. has won 15 medals at the Baseball World Cup: four gold (1973, 1974, 2007, 2009), seven silver (1938, 1969, 1970, 1972, 1978, 1988, 2001), and four bronze (1939, 1940, 1982, 1984).
The U.S. was usually represented by college players in these tournaments, while Cuba used its best players.
2007
The U.S. was in group A of the IBAF World Cup, along with Republic of China, Japan, Mexico, Panama, Italy, Spain and South Africa. The U.S. went 6–1 to win their group, with their only loss coming on November 9, against Italy. It was the U.S.'s first loss to Italy in 21 years and the first time it ever lost to Italy with professional players, as the team consisted of minor league prospects.
This one loss, however, would be their only. The U.S. went on to beat Korea, Netherlands, and Cuba to capture the gold.
2009
In Round 1 of the 2009 Baseball World Cup, the U.S. (2–1) finished second in Group E and advanced with first-place Venezuela (3–0). In Round 2, the U.S. was joined by the nine other first- and second-place teams from Round 1, four wild-card teams, and the two principal host teams (Italy and the Netherlands). The 16 teams were divided into Groups F and G. The U.S. (7–0) defeated each of the other seven teams in Group G. In Round 3, the first four teams in Group F were renamed Group 1 and the first four teams in Group G were renamed Group 2. The U.S. finished first in Group 2 with a record of 7–0; Cuba finished first in Group 1, with a 5–2 record. In the Final Round, Group 1 and 2's fourth-place teams competed for overall seventh place; the two third-place teams competed for overall fifth place; and the two second-place teams competed for the bronze medal. In the gold-medal game, the U.S. defeated Cuba, 10–5.
Tournament awards were given to Justin Smoak (MVP) and Todd Redmond (best won/loss average (pitcher)). Smoak (first base) was also named to the tournament All-Star Team, along with Jon Weber (outfield) and Terry Tiffee (designated hitter).
Intercontinental Cup
The Intercontinental Cup is a tournament between the members of the IBAF. It was first held in in Italy, and was held every other year following until . Since, there has been a competition in & , both of which, the U.S. has chosen to sit out. The tournament has been dominated by Cuba, who has won ten gold & three silver in the 16 tournaments. Japan is second in medal ranking, with two gold, five silver & five bronze, and the U.S. is third, with two gold, four silver & two bronze. The United States use college players in this tournament, while Cuba sends its best players.
Future big leaguers have competed in the Intercontinental Cup for the U.S. including Joe Carter, Terry Francona, Mickey Morandini, John Olerud, and Robin Ventura.
Pan American Games
The U.S. and Cuba have been archrivals at the Pan American Games ever since the event began in . The U.S. has finished second behind Cuba eight of the 12 times they have brought home the gold. Likewise, when the U.S. won the gold medal at the 1967 Pan American Games, Cuba finished second. The U.S. roster is usually composed of promising college players, while Cuba is able to send its best players.
In total, the U.S. has won one gold medal, ten silver medals, and three bronze. The only games the U.S. failed to medal in were and . For the 1995 games, the U.S. did not send their national team, but instead the St. John's University baseball team, who finished 0–4 against the international all-star teams.
Haarlem Baseball Week
World Port Tournament
Collegiate National Team
USA Baseball also fields a Collegiate National Team which has 22 members of top collegiate baseball players in the country, consisting of five infielders, four outfielders, two catchers, nine pitchers, and a pair of two-way players. The team competes in exhibition games across the U.S. and overseas against teams from across the world, including teams from Canada, Chinese Taipei (Taiwan) and the Netherlands. The 2009 team won the World Baseball Challenge in Canada.
Players who took the field for the Collegiate National Team and have gone on to Major League Baseball success include such notables as Jim Abbott, Kris Bryant, Troy Glaus, Todd Helton, Ryan Howard, Barry Larkin, Tino Martinez, Dustin Pedroia, David Price, Huston Street, Mark Teixeira, Troy Tulowitzki, Trea Turner, Jason Varitek, Carlos Rodon, Gerrit Cole, Will Clark and Ryan Zimmerman.
Before 2000, the CNT was also the Olympic National Team for Team USA as it won the country's first Olympics medals in 1984 (silver), 1988 (gold) and 1996 (bronze). Established 1951 for the first ever Panamerican Games it is the oldest constituent of the program.
Other national teams
The USA won the gold medal in the first ever World Games in 1981 with a roster of college players. Franklin Stubbs, Oddibe McDowell, Spike Owen, and some others went on to play in MLB.
USA Baseball also fields 18U, 15U, and 12U national baseball teams. Former national teams included 16U and 14U national teams. USA Baseball also hosts two national team development programs in the age divisions of 17U and 14U. The selection processes for these programs can be found on the official website of USA Baseball and these team programs also have their respective Twitter pages.
See also
United States women's national baseball team
USA Baseball
USA Baseball National Training Complex
Major League Baseball
Puerto Rico national baseball team
Baseball at the 1981 World Games
Notes
External links
National baseball teams | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20States%20national%20baseball%20team |
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