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Peter Collinson (1 April 1936 – 16 December 1980) was a British film director probably best remembered for directing The Italian Job (1969).
Early life
Peter Collinson was born in Cleethorpes, Lincolnshire in 1936. His parents, an actress and a musician, separated when he was two years old; he was raised by his grandparents. From the age of eight until 14 he attended the Actor's Orphanage in Chertsey, Surrey, where he had the chance to write and act in many plays.
Noël Coward, who was president of the orphanage at the time, became his godfather and helped him to obtain jobs in the entertainment industry, which was dramatized in the radio play Mr Bridger's Orphan by Marcy Kahan in 2013. (Collinson later directed Coward in his best-known film, The Italian Job (1969)). He auditioned for RADA but was rejected, so went to work for the New Cross Empire theatre when aged 14. He did a variety of theatrical jobs until 1954, when he was called up for national service. He served as a private with the Queen's Royal Regiment (West Surrey) for two years in Malaya during the Malayan Emergency.
Career
Collinson's early television work included time as a floor manager for the BBC and directing for ATV at Elstree studios. He was an assistant director on a short, The Pit (1962), and made a documentary, Blackwater Holiday (1963).
He also worked with Telefís Éireann, the Republic of Ireland's national TV station, and in 1963 he won a Jacob's Award for his production The Bomb. He produced a stage musical in Dublin, Carrie (1963), starring Ray McAnally.
Collinson began to direct TV: the film Don't Ever Talk to Clocks (1964), In Loving Memory (1964), The One Nighters. He also made episodes of Sergeant Cork (1964), The Sullavan Brothers (1964), The Plane Makers (1964), Love Story (1964–65), Front Page Story (1965), Knock on Any Door (1965), A Day of Peace (1965) Blackmail (1965–66), and The Power Game, Women, Women, Women and The Informer (all 1966).
Features
Whilst working in TV he met producer Michael Klinger, who offered him the director role on the film The Penthouse (1967); this became Collinson's directorial debut. Starring Suzy Kendall, the low-budget film was released in the US and proved to be a surprise hit. Collinson followed it with Up the Junction (1968), starring Kendall and Dennis Waterman, which received some strong reviews.
Collinson directed two films for Paramount, both produced by Michael Deeley: The Long Day's Dying (1968), a low-budget war film, and The Italian Job (1969), a caper movie starring Michael Caine and Noël Coward. Dino De Laurentiis said he was to direct a film about Ned Kelly in Australia, The Iron Outlaw, but it was never made. Instead, Collinson went to Turkey where he directed Tony Curtis and Charles Bronson in You Can't Win 'Em All (1970). He clashed with Curtis during filming. He was meant to helm a biopic of Robert Capa, but it was never made.
Back in England he made Fright (1971), a thriller with Susan George. He did a horror movie for Hammer Films, Straight On till Morning (1972), with Rita Tushingham, then Innocent Bystanders (1972), a thriller shot in Spain and Turkey with Stanley Baker.
Collinson went to Spain to direct a Western, The Man Called Noon (1973). He followed it with Open Season (1974), starring Peter Fonda; a remake of And Then There Were None (1974), filmed in Iran with Oliver Reed; a remake of The Spiral Staircase (1975), shot in England with Jacqueline Bisset; Target of an Assassin (1976), filmed in South Africa with Anthony Quinn; and The Sell Out (1976), shot in Israel with Reed.
He went to Canada for Tomorrow Never Comes (1978), with Oliver Reed and Susan George; it was entered into the 11th Moscow International Film Festival. He followed it with The House on Garibaldi Street (1979), a US telemovie starring Topol.
His last feature was The Earthling (1980), shot in Australia with William Holden and Ricky Schroder.
He was meant to direct The Gangster Chronicles for US television but died shortly before filming was to begin. Richard Sarafian stepped in.
Death
During the filming of The Earthling (1980), Collinson discovered he was terminally ill; he died from lung cancer in Los Angeles. He was survived by his wife Hazel and two sons.
Filmography
The Penthouse (1967)
Up the Junction (1968)
The Long Day's Dying (1968)
The Italian Job (1969)
You Can't Win 'Em All (1970)
Fright (1971)
Straight On till Morning (1972)
Innocent Bystanders (1972)
The Man Called Noon (1973)
Open Season (1974)
And Then There Were None (1974)
The Spiral Staircase (1975)
Tigers Don't Cry (1976)
Target of an Assassin (1976)
The Sell Out (1976)
Tomorrow Never Comes (1978)
The House on Garibaldi Street (1979)
The Earthling (1980)
References
Other sources
External links
Collinson interview
1936 births
1980 deaths
People from Cleethorpes
English film directors
British Army personnel of the Malayan Emergency
Deaths from lung cancer in California
Jacob's Award winners
Queen's Royal Regiment soldiers
Military personnel from Lincolnshire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Collinson%20%28film%20director%29 |
The DCBL Stadium (historically known as Lowerhouse Lane and Naughton Park) is a multi-purpose rugby league, football and American football stadium in Widnes, Cheshire, England. It is the home of Rugby League side Widnes Vikings of the Betfred Championship, football team Widnes Football Club of the Northern Premier League who play their home games at the stadium, and also the American football side Halton Spartans of the BAFA National Leagues, the Halton Spartans having competed in the BAFANL national American football league since 2015. The stadium is all seater and has a total capacity of 13,350.
During the 2011 Super League Season, St. Helens played their home games at the stadium. From 2013 to 2018 the Stadium was home to Everton Ladies and Liverpool Ladies. Since 2013 the stadium has also been used as the venue for the Drum Corps United Kingdom "British Drum Corps Championships".
History
Widnes Football Club had a number of grounds before settling at Lowerhouse Lane in 1884/85 on a site a few hundred yards north of the current location. That land was leased on behalf of the rugby organisation by Widnes Cricket Club but, to coincide with the breakaway from the Rugby Football Union in 1895, Widnes F.C. obtained a lease for land on which they laid out a new ground (the Naughton Park/Halton Stadium site). The first game on the new field was against Liversedge on 12 October 1895.
In the late 1920s it was proposed that the land would be compulsorily purchased to make way for a new council housing scheme. After much lobbying the club were finally given an option to purchase the site for the not inconsiderable sum of £3,250.
Club secretary Tom Naughton was instrumental in raising the necessary funds but before the formal completion of the purchase in 1932 he died in a car crash, leading to the ground being renamed in his honour.
During the 1978 Kangaroo tour Widnes defeated Australia at Naughton Park before a crowd of 12,202.
Naughton Park stadium was owned by Widnes F.C. (later Widnes RLFC Ltd) but when financial difficulties set in they sold the ground to Halton Borough Council in 1995.
Halton Borough Council in partnership with Widnes Vikings agreed to build a new stadium on the site of Naughton Park. This stadium would provide a multi-purpose complex including a social club, conference facilities, recreational facilities and catering/function facilities.
The stadium was officially reopened on 2 November 1997 and consisted of South Stand with 3,400 capacity two function suites, social club and 30 executive boxes overlooking the pitch and the North Stand which had capacity for 4,400 fans.
On 11 November 1997 Everton Reserves played their first match in their new home as more than 5,000 fans attended leading to the kick-off being delayed by half an hour to allow the large crowd in. Although they were not treated to the best of games Leeds eventually found the breakthrough with 10 minutes to go when Jimmy Floyd Hasselbaink cut inside two defenders and curled his right foot shot past the dive of John O'Toole.
On 29 January 1999 the Widnes RLFC's remaining 40% share in the ground was sold to the council when they ran into financial difficulties.
In 1999 the Halton Stadium became The AutoQuest Stadium when the local car dealership signed sponsorship naming rights.
On 8 October 1999 the new West stand was officially opened by Tessa Sanderson CBE with the benefit of a Sport England Lottery grant the facilities included gym, crèche, café and a national table tennis Centre of excellence along with an extra 3,200 spectator seating.
In 2000, Runcorn F.C. sold their Canal Street ground and moved to the Halton Stadium. The club renamed itself Runcorn F.C. Halton to reflect its new location.
AutoQuest's sponsorship ended in 2001 and the stadium became known as the Halton Stadium.
On 27 November 2002 Runcorn hosted 3rd division Bristol Rovers in an FA Cup 1st round replay in front of 2,444 fans despite taking their league opponents to extra time they were knocked out 3–1.
The 2002/03 season was to be Everton Reserves final season at the Halton Stadium as they moved to Haig Avenue in Southport.
In 2004 the Stadium was selected to host a Challenge cup semi final as 11,175 fans watched as Wigan Warriors were victorious 30–18 against the Warrington Wolves.
In 2005 the East Stand was completed making the Halton Stadium a complete four-stand all seater stadium. Runcorn F.C.'s precarious financial state caused them to move out of the Halton Stadium and into Valerie Park.
In December 2007 a sponsorship agreement was made with Stobart Group Limited and the stadium was renamed Stobart Stadium Halton. In February 2008 the North stand seats were changed to spell out Vikings, West stand seats are sponsored by Stobart and East stand seats are sponsored by Halton Borough Council as part of the stadium sponsorship deal.
The Widnes Rugby League Museum was opened in 2007.
In 2008 the Stadium hosted Wigan Warriors home playoff fixture verses Bradford Bulls after they were refused usage of their home ground by the stadiums owner Dave Whelan
In 2009 the Stadium hosted a rematch of the 2004 Challenge Cup Semi final and this time 12,975 fans watched as Warrington Wolves secured revenge in a 39–26 victory over Wigan Warriors.
In 2010 12,265 fans attended the Challenge Cup Semi final as Warrington Wolves cruised to victory 54-12 versus Catalans Dragons.
The stadium was a temporary home to St. Helens during the 2011 season, as Langtree Park only opened for use in time for the 2012 season.
At the end of the 2011 season the stadium became the first in England to install a fully artificial 3g pitch
In 2013 The Stadium failed to be selected as a Rugby League World Cup venue due to the 3g pitch not being sanctioned for international competition. The USA team based themselves at the Stadium during their run to the quarter finals in the competition.
In 2013 local businessman Peter Littler signed a naming rights sponsorship deal as the Stadium became the Select Security Stadium
Since 2013 the Stadium has been the host venue for the British Drum Corps Championships which are held each September. The Championships feature the top UK Marching Bands and is organised by Drum Corps United Kingdom - www.dcuk.org.uk
On Sunday 18 June 2017 a sellout 14,000 crowd were entertained by rock and roll superstar Elton John at the Stadium with his "Wonderful crazy night tour".
In October 2018 the 3g pitch was relaid after seven years of matches, community use and events. The new 3g pitch was installed with green rubber crumb and the perimeter touchlines permanently incorporated into the surface to improve the appearance of the pitch for spectators and the TV audience.
In November 2019 DCBL secured the naming rights to the DCBL Stadium Halton.
On Saturday 2 July 2022 7,000 crowd were entertained by rock and roll superstar Bryan Adams and Widnes born Spice girl Mel C at the Stadium with his "So happy it hurts" tour.
On Tuesday the 18th of April 2023, the DCBL Stadium hosted the final of the Liverpool Senior Cup where Marine went on to beat Runcorn Linnets 4-3 on penalties after a 0-0 draw. The attendance of the game was 2,561.
Facilities
The stadium is segmented into four stands, each with different seating capacities and amenities:
south stand (3,400 seats) – 30 executive suites, two function suites with capacity for 500 guests, social club, and club shop
east stand (2,350 seats) – Widnes Rugby League museum
west stand (3,200 seats) – National Table Tennis Centre of Excellence, gym, crèche, café, and Marquee Suite with capacity for 500 guests
north stand (4,400 seats) – Widnes Vikings Performance Hub with gym, offices and treatment Centre
Rugby League Club Matches
The Halton Stadium has played host to various high-profile club matches.
Rugby League Test Matches
List of rugby league test matches played at the Halton Stadium.
Rugby League Tour Matches
Other than Widnes club games, the stadium also saw Widnes play host to various international touring teams from 1907 to 1990. Widnes' 11–10 win over Australia in 1978 was their only win over the touring Kangaroos. It also remains (as of 2017) the last time a British club or county side has defeated Australia in any match.
Notes
External links
Halton Stadium
Sports venues in Cheshire
Rugby league stadiums in England
Rugby League World Cup stadiums
Multi-purpose stadiums in the United Kingdom
Widnes Vikings
Buildings and structures in Widnes
Sport in Widnes
American football venues in the United Kingdom
Women's Super League venues | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/DCBL%20Stadium |
Ken Smith (born 1953) is an internationally acclaimed American landscape architect.
Biography
Kenneth W. Smith was born in Waukee, Iowa, and attended Iowa State University, where he graduated with a Bachelor of Landscape Architecture in 1976. After graduation, he apprenticed with sculptor Paul Shao, and worked for the Iowa Conservation Commission in Parks and Recreation Planning. He attended the Harvard Graduate School of Design, and received his Master in Landscape Architecture in 1986.
After working in the office of Peter Walker and Martha Schwartz, he opened his own office, Ken Smith Workshop in New York City in 1992. Smith is active as an educator, teaching as an adjunct professor at the City College of New York from 1992 to 1996, and as a visiting design critic at the Harvard Graduate School of Design from 1997 to the present.
In 2012, Smith was honored as a Fellow of the American Society of Landscape Architects. In addition, Smith is also a board member of the Architectural League of New York and is active in advocating preservation of modern works of landscape architecture.
Smith was the recipient of the 2011 Christian Petersen Design Award presented by the Iowa State University College of Design. He is well known for his work on the Roof Garden of New York's Museum of Modern Art, which consists of white gravel, recycled black rubber, crushed glass, sculptural stones and artificial boxwood plants in a camouflage pattern.
Smith was a member of the THINK Team in the World Trade Center competition in 2002. Smith was awarded a major commission for Orange County Great Park, a urban park on the decommissioned El Toro Marine Base in Orange County, California.
Ken is the responsible for the Landscape for World One project, Mumbai, India.
References
External links
Iowa State University
1953 births
Living people
American landscape architects
Iowa State University alumni
Harvard Graduate School of Design alumni
Harvard University staff
City College of New York faculty
People from Waukee, Iowa | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken%20Smith%20%28architect%29 |
Technical Sergeant Leonard Phillip Matlovich (July 6, 1943 – June 22, 1988) was an American Vietnam War veteran, race relations instructor, and recipient of the Purple Heart and the Bronze Star. He was the first gay service member to purposely out himself to the military to fight their ban on gays, and perhaps the best-known openly gay man in the United States of America in the 1970s next to Harvey Milk. His fight to stay in the United States Air Force after coming out of the closet became a cause célèbre around which the gay community rallied. His case resulted in articles in newspapers and magazines throughout the country, numerous television interviews, and a television movie on NBC. His photograph appeared on the cover of the September 8, 1975, issue of Time magazine, making him a symbol for thousands of gay and lesbian servicemembers and gay people generally. Matlovich was the first named openly gay person to appear on the cover of a U.S. newsmagazine. According to author Randy Shilts, "It marked the first time the young gay movement had made the cover of a major newsweekly. To a movement still struggling for legitimacy, the event was a major turning point."
Early life and early career
Born at Hunter Air Force Base in Savannah, Georgia, Matlovich was the only son of retired Air Force sergeant, Leonard Matlovich (of Czech ancestry), and his wife Vera. He spent his childhood living on military bases, primarily throughout the Southern United States. Matlovich and his sister were raised in the Catholic Church. He spent much of his teenage years in Charleston, South Carolina, attending the Catholic Bishop England High School. When the Candlestick Murder occurred in Charleston in 1958, Matlovich saw it as proof of the negative societal consequences of homosexuality. Not long after he enlisted at 19, the United States increased military action in Vietnam, about ten years after the French had abandoned active colonial rule there. Matlovich volunteered for service in Vietnam and served three tours of duty. He was seriously wounded when he stepped on a landmine in Đà Nẵng.
While stationed in Florida near Fort Walton Beach, he began frequenting gay bars in nearby Pensacola. "I met a bank president, a gas station attendant – they were all homosexual", Matlovich commented in a later interview. In 1973, when he was 30, he slept with another man for the first time. He "came out" to his friends, but continued to conceal the fact from his commanding officer. Having realized that the racism he had grown up around was wrong, he volunteered to teach Air Force Race Relations classes, which had been created after several racial incidents in the military in the late 1960s and early 1970s. He became so successful that the Air Force sent him around the country to coach other instructors. Matlovich gradually came to believe that the discrimination faced by gays was similar to that faced by African Americans.
Activism
In March 1974, previously unaware of the organized gay movement, he read an interview in the Air Force Times with gay activist Frank Kameny, who had counseled several gay people in the military over the years. He contacted Kameny, who told him he had long been looking for a gay service member with a perfect record to create a test case to challenge the military's ban on gays. Four months later, he met with Kameny at the longtime activist's Washington, D.C. home. After several months of discussion with Kameny and ACLU attorney David Addlestone during which they formulated a plan, he hand-delivered a letter to his Langley AFB commanding officer on March 6, 1975. When his commander asked, "What does this mean?" Matlovich replied, "It means Brown versus the Board of Education" – a reference to the 1954 landmark Supreme Court case outlawing racial segregation in public schools.
Perhaps the most painful aspect of the whole experience for Matlovich was his revelation to his parents. He told his mother by telephone. She was so stunned she refused to tell Matlovich's father. Her first reaction was that God was punishing her for something she had done, even if her Roman Catholic faith would not have sanctioned that notion. Then, she imagined that her son had not prayed enough or had not seen enough psychiatrists. His father finally found out by reading it in the newspaper, after his challenge became public knowledge on Memorial Day 1975 through an article on the front page of The New York Times and that evening's CBS Evening News with Walter Cronkite. Matlovich recalled, "He cried for about two hours." After that, he told his wife that, "If he can take it, I can take it."
Discharge and lawsuit
At that time, the Air Force had a fairly ill-defined exception clause that could allow gay people to continue to serve if there were extenuating circumstances. These circumstances might include being immature or drunk, exemplary service, or a one-time experimentation (known sarcastically as the "Queen for a day" rule). During Matlovich's September 1975 administrative discharge hearing, an Air Force attorney asked him if he would sign a document pledging to "never practice homosexuality again" in exchange for being allowed to remain in the Air Force. Matlovich refused. Despite his exemplary military record, tours of duty in Vietnam, and high performance evaluations, the panel ruled Matlovich unfit for service, and he was recommended for a General (Under Honorable Conditions) discharge. The base commander, Colonel Alton J. Thogersen, citing Matlovich's service record, recommended that it be upgraded to Honorable. The Secretary of the Air Force agreed, confirming Matlovich's discharge in October 1975.
Matlovich sued for reinstatement, but the legal process was a long one, with the case moving back and forth between United States District and Circuit Courts. When, by September 1980, the Air Force had failed to provide U.S. District Court Judge Gerhard Gesell an explanation of why Matlovich did not meet its criteria for exception (which by then had been eliminated but still could have applied to him), Gesell ordered him reinstated into the Air Force and promoted. The Air Force offered Matlovich a financial settlement instead. Convinced that the military would find some other reason to discharge him if he reentered the service, or that the conservative Supreme Court would rule against him should the Air Force appeal, Matlovich accepted. The figure, based on back pay, future pay, and pension, was $160,000.
Excommunication
A converted Mormon and church elder when he lived in Hampton, Virginia, Matlovich found himself at odds with the Latter-day Saints and their opposition to homosexual behavior; he was twice excommunicated by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints for homosexual acts. He was first excommunicated on October 7, 1975, in Norfolk, Virginia, and then again January 17, 1979. By this time, Matlovich had stopped being a believer.
Settlement, later life and illness
From the moment his case was revealed to the public, Matlovich was repeatedly called upon by gay groups to help them with fundraising and advocating against anti-gay discrimination, helping lead campaigns against Anita Bryant's efforts in Miami, Florida, to overturn a gay nondiscrimination ordinance and John Briggs' attempt to ban gay teachers in California. Sometimes he was criticized by individuals more to the left than he had become. "I think many gays are forced into liberal camps only because that's where they can find the kind of support they need to function in society," Matlovich once noted. While appealing his discharge, he moved from Virginia to Washington, D.C., and, in 1978, to San Francisco. In 1981, he moved to the Russian River town of Guerneville, where he used the proceeds of his settlement to open a pizza restaurant.
With the outbreak of HIV/AIDS in the U.S. in the early 1980s, Matlovich's personal life was caught up in the hysteria about the virus. He sold his Guerneville restaurant in 1984, moving to Europe for a few months where, during a visit to the joint grave of lovers Gertrude Stein and Alice B. Toklas and the grave of gay writer Oscar Wilde in Père Lachaise Cemetery in Paris, France, he got the idea for a gay memorial in the United States. He returned briefly to Washington, D.C., in 1985 and, then, to San Francisco where he sold Ford cars and once again became heavily involved in gay rights causes and the fight for adequate HIV/AIDS education and treatment.
In 1986, Matlovich felt fatigued, then contracted a prolonged chest cold he seemed unable to shake. When he finally saw a physician in September of that year, he was diagnosed with HIV/AIDS. Too weak to continue his work at the Ford dealership, he was among the first to receive AZT treatments, but his prognosis was not encouraging. He went on disability benefits and became a champion for HIV/AIDS research for the disease which was claiming tens of thousands of lives in the Bay Area and nationally. He announced on Good Morning America in 1987 that he had contracted HIV, and was arrested with other demonstrators in front of the White House that June protesting what they believed was an inadequate response to HIV/AIDS by the administration of President Ronald Reagan.
Despite his deteriorating health, he tearfully made his last public speech on May 7, 1988, in front of the California State Capitol during the March on Sacramento for Gay and Lesbian Rights:
... And I want you to look at the flag, our rainbow flag, and I want you to look at it with pride in your heart, because we too have a dream. And what is our dream? Ours is more than an American dream. It's a universal dream. Because in South Africa, we're black and white, and in Northern Ireland, we're Protestant and Catholic, and in Israel we're Jew and Muslim. And our mission is to reach out and teach people to love, and not to hate. And you know the reality of the situation is that before we as an individual meet, the only thing we have in common is our sexuality. And in the AIDS crisis – and I have AIDS – and in the AIDS crisis, if there is any one word that describes our community's reaction to AIDS, that word is love, love, love.
Death
On June 22, 1988, less than a month before his 45th birthday, Matlovich died in Los Angeles of complications from HIV/AIDS. His tombstone, meant to be a memorial to all gay veterans, does not bear his name. It reads, "When I was in the military, they gave me a medal for killing two men and a discharge for loving one." Recognizing military officials would not then allow such a marker in Arlington Cemetery, Matlovich chose a gravesite in Congressional Cemetery in Washington, D.C. Another reason was because the man many believe to have been the greatest love of poet Walt Whitman, Peter Doyle, is buried there. He chose the same row where the graves of FBI Director J. Edgar Hoover and Hoover's longtime Assistant Director and heir Clyde Tolson are, as a kind of "last laugh".
Legacy
Before his death, Matlovich donated his personal papers and memorabilia to the GLBT Historical Society, a museum, archives and research center in San Francisco. The society has featured Matlovich's story in two exhibitions: "Out Ranks: GLBT Military Service From World War II to the Iraq War", which opened in June 2007 at the society's South of Market gallery space, and "Our Vast Queer Past: Celebrating San Francisco's GLBT History", which opened in January 2011 at the society's GLBT History Museum in the Castro District.
A bronze plaque in his memory was installed near the entrance of the apartment in which he once lived at the corner of 18th and Castro Streets in San Francisco. In October 2012, another, larger bronze memorial plaque was installed on Chicago's Halsted Street as a part of the Legacy Walk, an "outdoor museum" of LGBT historical figures including Milk, Wilde, Barbara Gittings, Bayard Rustin, and Alan Turing, and the Legacy Project Education Initiative in Illinois public schools.
San Francisco resident Michael Bedwell, a close friend and the original executor of Matlovich's estate, created a website in honor of Matlovich and other gay U.S. veterans. The site includes a history of the ban on gays and bisexuals in the U.S. military both before and after its transformation into "Don't Ask, Don't Tell", and illustrates the role that gay veterans fighting the ban played in the earliest development of the gay rights movement in the United States.
Matlovich's gravesite has been a site of attraction and ceremony for LGBT rights activists since his interment including an annual LGBT Veterans Day observance, and several individuals and couples have chosen to also be buried in Congressional Cemetery identifying their being gay on their tombstones per his suggestion such as Gittings and her partner Kay Tobin Lahusen. In May 2011, gay Iraq veteran Capt. Stephen Hill – who would later become famous for being booed by audience members during a Republican presidential candidates debate for asking whether any would attempt to restore "Don't Ask, Don't Tell" – and his partner Josh Snyder chose to be legally married next to the gravesite to honor Matlovich's fight against the original ban. His grave is the starting point for the annual Pride Run 5K sponsored by DC Front Runners, a running, walking, and social club serving Washington DC's LGBT people and their friends. On Veterans Day 2015, a Veterans Administration memorial for his mentor Kameny (1925–2011) was dedicated immediately behind Matlovich's grave. Activists including Army Lt. Dan Choi, Army Staff Sergeant Miriam Ben-Shalom and members of GetEQUAL held a vigil at Matlovich's gravesite on November 10, 2010 before proceeding to chain themselves to the White House fence (and be subsequently arrested) to protest "Don't Ask, Don't Tell".
In June 2019, Matlovich was one of the inaugural fifty American “pioneers, trailblazers, and heroes” inducted on the National LGBTQ Wall of Honor within the Stonewall National Monument (SNM) in New York City’s Stonewall Inn. The SNM is the first U.S. national monument dedicated to LGBTQ rights and history, and the wall’s unveiling was timed to take place during the 50th anniversary of the Stonewall riots.
Literature and film
Castañeda, Laura and Susan B. Campbell. "No Longer Silent: Sgt. Leonard Matlovich and Col. Margarethe Cammermeyer." In News and Sexuality: Media Portraits of Diversity, 198–200. Sage, 2005, .
Hippler, Mike. Matlovich: The Good Soldier, Alyson Publications Inc., 1989,
Miller, Neil. "Leonard Matlovich: A Soldier's Story." In Out of the Past: Gay and Lesbian History from 1869 to the Present, 411–414. Virginia: Vintage Books, 1995,
Shilts, Randy. Conduct Unbecoming: Gays and Lesbians in the US Military, Diane Publishing Company, 1993,
Sergeant Matlovich vs. the U.S. Air Force, made-for-television dramatization directed by Paul Leaf, written by John McGreevey, starring Brad Dourif in title role. Originally aired on NBC, August 21, 1978.
The Strange History of Don't Ask, Don't Tell, HBO television documentary directed by Fenton Bailey and Randy Barbato. Originally aired September 20, 2011.
See also
Sexual orientation and the United States military
References
External links
GLBT Historical Society (San Francisco); holds the personal papers and memorabilia of Leonard Matlovich (Collection No. 1988-01)
Honor Roll: Gay Veterans Gather To Honor those Who Served Metro Weekly (November 9, 2006)
"Leonard Matlovich" glbthistorymonth.org (October 7, 2006)
Exhibit puts history of gay veterans on view Army Times (June 16, 2007)
Gay Veterans Gather to Honor Their Own Washington Post (November 12, 2008)
1943 births
1988 deaths
American LGBT rights activists
United States Air Force non-commissioned officers
United States Air Force personnel of the Vietnam War
American military personnel discharged for homosexuality
Gay military personnel
People excommunicated by the Church of Jesus Christ of Latter-day Saints
AIDS-related deaths in California
Burials at the Congressional Cemetery
Military personnel from Savannah, Georgia
LGBT Latter Day Saints
LGBT people from Georgia (U.S. state)
20th-century American LGBT people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leonard%20Matlovich |
Canada–Caribbean relations are the long established relationships between Canada and the many states of the Caribbean or West Indies. These ties have been on-going throughout the history of both regions. Initially these relations were based on the policies of European colonial powers in the Americas. More recently, both Canada and most of the Caribbean islands have achieved self-government, putting their relations into a different phase. CARICOM diplomats have referred to Canada as a '"special friend" of the Caribbean at the regional and bilateral levels.' Ties exist in such plurality of organs such as: the Commonwealth of Nations, the Organisation internationale de la Francophonie, Organization of American States, ParlAmericas, the United Nations, and the World Trade Organization.
History
New France and the French colonies in the Caribbean enjoyed a flourishing trade in the first part of the eighteenth century, with the fortress of Louisbourg acting as an important trading centre linking New France, the Caribbean and France. When Britain gained control over the northern half of the continent, these relations were largely severed as trade between North America and the British Caribbean holdings went almost exclusively through U.S. ports, especially Boston.
With the American Revolution, the Americans were, in theory, to be shut out of the British colonies by the Navigation Acts and other British laws. Canadian merchants, especially those based in Halifax, Nova Scotia, strove to become the new leading trading partners. The trade with the Caribbean did become an important one for Halifax, but the British laws could do little to prevent American traders from continuing to play a central role. The merchants of the West Indies preferred dealing with the United States, which produced a greater variety of goods at lower prices than the Canadians. The weak Spanish Empire could do even less than the British to keep out foreign traders, and Canadian trade with Cuba and other Spanish holdings also rose in prominence. This trade peaked in the years immediately before Canadian Confederation. Canada shipped flour, corn, timber, and fish to the Caribbean, while sugar and rum moved north. In the Maritimes a prosperous sugar refining and rum industry arose based on these imports.
Also of historical importance was the military relationship between British colonies in the Caribbean and Canada. Halifax was the major North American British naval base, and British warships frequently travelled between it and the Caribbean. In both the First and Second World Wars Canadian troops were moved to the Caribbean to replace British forces that were needed in other theatres. Canadian troops in particular were stationed in Saint Lucia to protect against attacks by the German military during the first World War.
While the relationship with the United States and with Britain continued to be the most important ones to the British colonies of the West Indies, there were also growing concerns about American domination and Canada was seen as an important counterbalance. The United States imposed high import duties, and greatly favoured its domestic sugar industry over that of its southern neighbours.
Proposals of political union
There were continued political and cultural links between Canada and the West Indies. This led to a number of Caribbean colonies engaging in movements to enter into Canadian Confederation.
Jamaica
In the political crisis that hit Jamaica in 1882, one of the proposed solutions was joining Canada. Michael Solomon led the pro-Confederation faction, but when he introduced a motion to that effect in the Legislative Council everyone but he voted against it.
Barbados
Prominent Barbadian R. P. Elliott wrote to the Canadian government on behalf of a number of the islands' elite asking to join Canada.
British West Indies
In the years after the First World War the British started to look at ways to consolidate the British Empire. For example, several British possessions in Oceania were transferred under the protection of Australia and New Zealand, and the British government of Lloyd George strongly considered transferring the responsibility for all British colonies in the Caribbean, as well as Newfoundland and the Falkland Islands, to the Canadian government, but most Canadians were not interested due to strong sentiments that Canada should retain the policy of not becoming a colonising force in the world.
This had some light support among Canada's business community, some of whom had just established businesses expanding into the West Indies region. Among them was Canadian businessman Thomas Bassett Macaulay, the son of the founder of Sun Life Assurance Company of Canada. T. B. Macaulay became very fond of working with the governments in the West Indies. He went on to become President of the group known as The Canadian-West Indian League which he co-found and was in existence until 1934. Additionally in the West Indies he acted as a representative for the Leeward Islands at the Canada-West Indies Trade Conference.
Canadian businessman Harry Crowe impressed upon Canadian Prime Minister Robert Borden to direct Sir Joseph Pope to issue a report titled Confidential Memorandum Upon the Subject of the Annexation of the West India Islands to the Dominion of Canada in which five major advantages were outlined for Canada to contemplate union with the West Indies territories.
It would give to Canada an increase of territory amounting to , and of population 2,300,000 thus adding considerably to the importance and influence of the Dominion.
The tropical products available in the new territory would make the Dominion more self-contained and would give us practically all the advantages of a diversity of climate and products which are afforded to that great Republic by the southern portion of the United States.
The importance of sea power would become so obvious under new conditions as to leave little room for argument to the contrary.
Confederation would afford a broader market to our manufacturers and producers which must result in a very large development of trade, as we produce precisely what they require, and vice versa.
It would balance the accessions which will accrue to the other self-governing dominions at the termination of the war in the only way in which it is possible for Canada to obtain an equivalent, and thus to some extent compensate the Dominion for the sacrifices she has made in the defence of the Empire.
The Bahamas
After the defeat of the Jamaican measure, the government of The Bahamas presented a similar initiative in 1911. T.B. Macaulay encouraged members of the Legislative Council in the Bahamas to likewise consider pursuing political union with Canada, this political union proposal was ultimately rejected on the Canadian side.
West Indies Federation
During World War II trade between the Caribbean islands and Britain was mostly severed due to the sinking of many British merchant ships in the Atlantic. Canadian trade however continued to increase and Canada became the largest trading partner of the islands. Proposals were made at the end of the war for a free trade agreement to be concluded though this idea additionally never materialised.
During the 1950s several politicians involved in the West Indies Federation again broached an idea of political association with Canada. One proposal from the Caribbean heads was for the West Indies Federation to first become a fully functional unit and following five years time the bloc should look at obtaining dominion status with Britain and possibly move to seek political association with Canada at that time. The Canadian government presented the new government of the West Indies Federation with two merchant ships. The twin ships named The Federal Palm and The Federal Maple sailed to all ports between Jamaica in the north and Trinidad and Tobago in the south and were a key aspect of building trade links between the islands. Several meetings continued to take place in the Caribbean region and in Ottawa to formulate the structure and exact form of the future political association with Canada, but a constant occurrence in the Federation of haggling between the heads of governments stymied the movement. After 4 years, the entire West Indies Federation unraveled when Jamaica left, with the head of Jamaica publicly claiming that "one from ten leaves nought", with Jamaica representing the number "1" in the number ten, thus leaving a zero (representing the remaining islands). Trinidad and Tobago's leader quickly followed Jamaica's exit by saying if Jamaica represented the 1, then they were the 0 itself leaving "none", ending the Federation experiment. The remaining islands tried a group of the "Little 8" said it wanted to go its own direction and Barbados next withdrew from any idea of a smaller group. The remaining islands came up with the West Indies Associated States, but ultimately, they too reverted to their sovereign paths. The 1960s overall marked a decade of political independence by a large number of Caribbean nations from Britain.
Turks and Caicos Islands
During the 1970s and 1980s, the idea of political union was again briefly raised, with some discussion of the Turks and Caicos Islands joining Canada. It received some political dialogue in the governments of both nations however Canada became hesitant when it was revealed that the Turks and Caicos were due to hold a General Election. A finding by a Canadian commission recommended that the government of Canada should disengage so as to not influence the free outcome of the Turks and Caicos elections. The commission maintained that if any locale wanted to open dialogue on political association with Canada it had to be totally of the resident populations own free will. The study however recommended that Canadians should consider increasing aid into the islands to support the Turks and Caicos inhabitants and to help increase their standard of living in the islands in the meanwhile.
This died down around 1987 but it was again revived on the Canadian side in 2003 when a television programme aired about Canada's past flirtation with political union proposals. In 2004 Peter Goldring, MP for Edmonton Centre-East proposed holding exploratory dialogues in the Caribbean islands to find out if there is still any interest for Canada to accord a political union. He lobbied in the Canadian House of Commons that should any nation in the Caribbean wish to proceed that this state should be elevated to the level of a Province rather than territory and in so doing the locale would become Canada's 11th Province.
In a 2009 e-mail correspondence with Mr. Goldring, he noted that "I... do not advocate the "annexation" of The Turks and Caicos Islands, as this term is one that is associated with colonialism", nor did he advocate a union with the islands unless there was "a clear and determined great majority of overwhelming will by both countries' citizens for such an association" and instead advocated an economic union, whether that is through a free-trade agreement or a customs union.
Trade
In the later part of the nineteenth century the British system of imperial preference was largely dismantled and the Canadian traders lost their advantage in the Caribbean. The United States' economic and political power grew in the region, as they also removed many of the tariff barriers with the region. At the end of the century the United States gained political control over a number of Caribbean areas, such as the Danish Virgin Islands, Cuba, and Puerto Rico and American business relations had a near monopoly on trade in those areas. Trade patterns also shifted, as the market for West Indian sugar disappeared. By the Second World War bauxite had replaced sugar as the main export to Canada, and Jamaica and Guyana became the most important trading partners, while imports from the smaller islands declined considerably.
While trade between the regions declined, Canadian investment increased. As British companies pulled out of the region after decolonization, Canadian companies moved in. This was especially true in the banking and insurance sectors. Caribbean governments welcomed Canadian investment as a tool to prevent the total economic domination of the United States. This is perhaps most obvious in Cuba which pursued close economic ties with Canada after the Cuban Revolution.
Cooperation
Canada and many countries of the Caribbean have a special relationship based on a long history of close commercial, investment, cultural and political ties as well as many shared common values and resemblance of institutions.
Canada was a founding member of the Caribbean Development Bank (CDB) in January 1970, and contributed $181.5 million during the first six cycles of the CDB's Special Development Fund. These contributions provided support for sustainable socio-economic development with an emphasis on reducing poverty and, more recently, strengthening democracies and regional economies.
Several agencies of the Canadian government have played a wide-ranging role of offering cooperation in many of the region's countries over the decades. Some of these agencies include the Canadian International Development Agency, the Department of Foreign Affairs and International Trade, the Atlantic Canada Opportunities Agency, the Canadian Trade Commissioner, the Transport Canada, the Canadian Radio-television and Telecommunications Commission and other agencies.
Canada has taken a lead role more recently in helping Haiti to return to a state of normalcy following the February, 2004 uprising. The Government of Canada has provided much of this assistance though the United Nations Stabilization Mission in Haiti MINUSTAH in addition to direct cooperation.
Aviation
Canadian assistance in Aviation services in the region have been carried out through the second half of the 20th century. During the late 1960s Canadian assistance through Transport Canada was sought to establish new venues for training Caribbean-based Air Traffic Controllers.
More recently the Vancouver Airport Services also manages many airports in and around the Caribbean region.
Recent times
Presently, Canada's banks have an especially large role in the Caribbean commercial banking industry. Canadian banks own the three largest banks in the English-speaking Caribbean.
Additionally several Canadian energy companies have significant stakes in Caribbean-based providers of electricity.
Emera
(Grand Bahama Power Company)
(Barbados Light and Power Company—BL&P) Formerly Canadian International Power Company Ltd. (CIPC)
(Dominica Electricity Services in Dominica)
(St. Lucia Electricity Services Limited—LUCELEC)
Fortis Inc.
(Belize Electricity Limited—BEL)
(Caribbean Utilities Limited—CUC)
(Fortis Turks and Caicos)
In 2006 several Canadian politicians moved to form the Canada-Caribbean Parliamentary Friendship Group.
In 2007, as part of a larger trip to Latin America and the Caribbean, Prime Minister Stephen Harper visited Barbados and Haiti. Observers said this was intended to increase Canada's visibility in the region and to remind Canadians of the region's importance.
The Canadian government announced in February 2009 that it was adding the Caribbean to its list of preferred recipients for foreign aid. This list includes 18 countries and the West Bank, as well as the Caribbean.
Migration
Since the liberalization of Canada's immigration laws in the 1960s immigration from the Caribbean has increased dramatically. As of 2001, of Canada's 783,795-strong Black population (2.5% of Canadian population) nearly 40% have Jamaican heritage, and an additional 32% have heritage elsewhere in the Caribbean or Bermuda. In addition many Canadians of South Asian descent have immediate origins in the Caribbean.
The Canadian Seasonal Agricultural Workers Program (SAWP) consists of an annual recruitment of roughly 15,000 persons from the Caribbean and Mexico for temporary employment in Canada.
At the same time many Canadian snowbirds move to the Caribbean seasonally or for retirement.
See also
British Empire
French colonial empire
Regional Security System
Seasonal Agricultural Workers Program
Caribbean Development Bank
Commonwealth of Nations
Organization of American States
La Francophonie
Proposals for new Canadian provinces and territories
High Commission of the Organisation of Eastern Caribbean States in Ottawa
Canadian mining in Latin America and the Caribbean
References
Brian Douglas Tennyson. ed. Canadian-Caribbean Relations: Aspects of a Relationship.
Carmichael, Dr. Trevor A. 2001. Passport to the Heart: Reflections on Canada Caribbean Relations. Ian Randle Publishers, Kingston 6, Jamaica. The book's Forward passage, synopsis
External links
Statistics Canada:The Caribbean Community in Canada
Trini woman wants to rule Canada - By Tony Best, (September 10, 2006) About the growing number of West Indian women getting into Canadian Politics.
One hundred years of trade between Canada and the Caribbean commemorated (15 November 2008) - Caribbean Net News
Canada-Eastern Caribbean debt management agreement signed (15 November 2008) - Caribbean Net News
Canada and the Caribbean: Ties for good (14 August 2007) - The Secretariat of the Commonwealth of Nations
Political union
CANADA MAY ANNEX BAHAMAS; Premier Borden and Islands' Governor General Discuss the Question - October 19, 1911, Thursday: The New York Times Company
CANADIAN-WEST INDIAN CO-OPERATION IS URGED; Winston Churchill Promises His Aid to Bring About Their Closer Association. - June 27, 1921, Monday: The New York Times Company
Caribbean | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canada%E2%80%93Caribbean%20relations |
The Wales National Ice Rink (WNIR) was an ice rink in Cardiff, Wales. It was the former home of the Cardiff Devils ice hockey team. The WNIR was opened in September 1986, and was inaugurated by the Duchess of York on 27 April 1987. Meat Loaf performed on 4 December 1993, as part of the Everything Louder tour, to a crowd of 4,300. It was demolished in September 2006 to make way for expansion of the St David's, Cardiff Shopping Centre, with the site now occupied by John Lewis.
Closure
In April 2006, the final ice hockey game hosted at the location was a special "End Of An Era" game featuring former Devils players against the 2005/2006 Devils squad. The facility later closed to leisure skaters in June 2006. Following the closure, the temporary Cardiff Bay Ice Rink was constructed within the Cardiff Bay area of Cardiff, which was used to host Devil's home games until the opening of Ice Arena Wales in March 2016.
See also
Sport in Cardiff
References
External links
Last Day of Demolition
Indoor ice hockey venues in Wales
Defunct sports venues in Wales
Demolished buildings and structures in Wales
Sports venues completed in 1986
Sports venues demolished in 2006
1986 establishments in Wales
2006 disestablishments in Wales | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wales%20National%20Ice%20Rink |
The Orchestra of Opera North (or English Northern Philharmonia as recording name) is the orchestra that plays for the Opera North.
It was founded as the English Northern Philharmonia, and changed its name during the period when Steven Sloane was Opera North's Music Director. Since the Royal Scottish National Orchestra ceased to play for Scottish Opera, the OON is the only orchestra in Britain which performs throughout the year in concert halls as well as opera houses.
The orchestra made a number of recordings for Naxos Records under former Opera North Music Directors Paul Daniel and David Lloyd-Jones.
References
Orchestra page on the Opera North site
OON on the Association of British Orchestras site
English orchestras
Culture in West Yorkshire
Opera North | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orchestra%20of%20Opera%20North |
United Animal Nations is an animal rights organization founded in 1979, in Geneva, by the Franz Weber Foundation, based in Switzerland.
History
United Animal Nations was founded by Franz Weber on 8 November 1979 in Geneva, Switzerland.
Purpose
The purpose of the UAN is to obtain legal status for animal populations as well as to enhance the impact and political weight of the UAN member organizations. The forum was initiated by the Swiss environmentalist and animal activist Franz Weber. The charter and declaration was deliberately designed to mirror that of the United Nations. The members are established organizations and institutions, whose aims are the protection of animal life and the preservation of nature. Weber complemented the structure of the UN by adding a protection committee and the International Court of Animal Rights to the UAN. The Statutes, Charter and Declaration were put together with Swiss philosopher and author Denis de Rougemont from Ferney-Voltaire, and a lawyer from Zürich, Anton Flachsmann. On 8 November 1979, Franz Weber presented them to the international press.
Court
The UAN's most important organ, The International Court of Justice for Animal Rights has its seat in Geneva. Its duties are to bring to the notice of the public, by means of morally symbolic prosecutions, cruel human actions against the animal kingdom that cannot be legally dealt with under normal human rights legislature. The court publicly announces its verdict, if need be by naming ministers and government leaders. The court has a president, two presidential assistants, and six to twelve further members representing the partaking animal protection associations. Only established bodies can act as plaintiffs. Since its foundation in 1979 the court has proceeded in more than 25 international cases.
Trials
As of 2011, the Journal Franz Weber listed twenty international trials in 34 years, including:
February 2010: Whale and dolphin slaughter throughout Japan, Norway, Iceland, Greenland and the Faroe Islands - Geneva
June 2008: Bullfighting in Spain, Portugal and France (earlier trial had also taken place in Brussels, in 2003, and specifically re Spain in 1982) - Geneva
December 2005: Seal massacre in Canada (III) (previous trials in 1982 & 1979) - Geneva
March 2002: Inhumane treatment of animals for slaughter in Europe (II) - Geneva
May 2001: Persecution and killing of certain dog breeds in Germany - Geneva
February 1999: Massacre of migratory birds in Europe (trial regarding Bird massacre in Italy, 1985) - Geneva
March 1995: Transport of animals for slaughter in Europe (II) (first trial in 1993) - Geneva
December 1991: Massacre of dolphins and drift net fishing - Geneva
October 1989: Ivory trade and elephant massacre (II) (also Elephant massacre in Africa trial 1984) - Geneva
February 1988: Wild horse massacre in Australia (II) (first trial in 1987) - Geneva
March 1981: Transport of horses in Germany - Geneva
February 1980: Animal testing and vivisection - Strasbourg
Founding board members
Catherine Aga Khan
Katharina Büttiker
Belton P. Mouras (founder and president of the Animal Protection Institute of America, California)
René Langel
Robert Hantzberg
Anton Flachsmann
Gilles Stickel
Judith Weber
Franz Weber (Secretary-General)
References
External links
UAN International
Franz Weber Foundation website, ffw.ch
Animal rights organizations
Animal welfare organisations based in Switzerland
Charities based in Switzerland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/United%20Animal%20Nations |
Through Hell and High Water is a BBC television programme produced by Twofour that aired in the United Kingdom on 1317 February 2006. Five half-hour morning programmes (9:3010am) on BBC1 followed James Cracknell (Olympic rower) and Ben Fogle (television presenter) in their attempt to cross the Atlantic Ocean in "Spirit of EDF Energy", a 24-foot rowing boat, with a half-hour summary programme during the evening of the final day on BBC2.
Cracknell and Fogle were competing in the 20052006 Atlantic Rowing Race. They were the third boat (two fours boats finished ahead of them) and the first pairs boat to cross the finishing line. They were later moved to second place for drinking their emergency water supply in accordance with the race rules. They finished in Antigua at 7:13am GMT on 19 January 2006, with a crossing time of 49 days, 19 hours, 8 minutes.
It won a Royal Television Society award for best daytime programme.
References
External links
Atlantic Rowing Race
2006 British television series debuts
2006 British television series endings
BBC television documentaries
Rowing in the United Kingdom
2006 in British television
Documentary films about sportspeople
English-language television shows
Ocean rowing
British sports documentary films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Through%20Hell%20and%20High%20Water |
Politics of Nature: How to Bring the Sciences Into Democracy (2004, ) is a book by the French theorist and philosopher of science Bruno Latour. The book is an English translation by Catherine Porter of the French book, Politiques de la nature. It is published by Harvard University Press.
Overview
In the book, Latour argues for a new and better take on political ecology (not the discipline but the ecological political movements, e.g. greens) that embraces his feeling that, "political ecology has nothing to do with nature". In fact, Latour argues that the idea of nature is unfair because it unfairly allows those engaged in political discourse to "short-circuit" discussions. Latour uses Plato's metaphor of "the cave" to describe the current role of nature and science in separating facts from values which is the role of politics and non-scientists. Building on the arguments levelled in his previous works, Latour argues that this distinction between facts and values is rarely useful and in many situations dangerous. He claims that it leads to a system that ignores nature's socially constructed status and creates a political order without "due process of individual will".
Instead, he calls for a "new Constitution" where different individuals can assemble democratically without the definitions of facts and values influenced by current attitudes towards nature and scientific knowledge. Latour describes an alternate set of rules by which this assembly, or collective as he calls it, might come together and be constituted. He also describes the way that entities will be allowed in or out in the future. In describing this collective, Latour draws attention to the role of the spokesperson, who must be doubted but who must speak for otherwise mute things in order to ensure that the collective involves both "humans and non-humans". This is also an important aspect of Actor-network theory (ANT) that can be found in his main sociological works.
The book includes a short summary at the end and a glossary of terms.
Reviews of the book
Sal Restivo emphasises that the book is reproducing the insights from Science Studies, which Bruno Latour himself has greatly contributed to. However, Sal Restivo questions whether Latour understood social constructivism and what sociologists actually do.
See also
Laboratory life (with Steve Woolgar)
Science in Action (book)
Aramis, or the Love of Technology
We Have Never Been Modern
References
External links
Introduction on Latour's website
2004 non-fiction books
Political books
Sociology of scientific knowledge
Science and technology studies works
Works by Bruno Latour | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Politics%20of%20Nature |
Headswim are an English alternative rock band active during the 1990s, best known for their 1997 single "Tourniquet". Band members subsequently went on to projects including BlackCar, Tenebrous Liar and Mew.
History
The band originally formed in 1989 in Essex, England under the name Blinder. The initial line-up was Daniel Glendining (guitar/vocals), his brother Tom Glendining (drums), Nick Watts (keyboards/backing vocals) and Matt Pegg (bass guitar). The band's main influences were grunge and progressive rock and their most successful concerts were two support slots for It Bites in 1989 (one of which was to a capacity audience at the Hammersmith Odeon). Following Pegg's departure Blinder rethought their approach, reducing the progressive rock elements in their music. Pegg was replaced as bass player by a friend of the band, Clovis Taylor and, by 1992, Blinder had changed their name to Headswim.
Headswim's first releases were two four-track EPs, Tense Nervous Head and Moment of Union, on their own Crush Records label (the eight songs from the two EPs would later be compiled and released as the mini-album Tense Moments). The EPs made enough of an impression for them to be signed by the Sony Music subsidiary Epic Records in an eight-album deal and they released their debut album Flood in 1994. The album's third single "Crawl" made the UK Singles Chart and the band embarked on their first extensive tour of the UK and Europe. However, the death later that year of Dan and Tom's brother Matthew (who had created all of the band's album artwork up to this point) after a long battle with leukaemia had a profound effect on the group, who took time off to regroup.
Headswim re-emerged in 1997 with their second album Despite Yourself, which contained many cathartic songs about death and spirituality. The group's music had also shifted from their earlier grunge influences to a more reflective alternative rock sound, more akin to artists such as Radiohead and Jeff Buckley. The lead single "Tourniquet" reached the top 30 in the UK and was a minor radio hit in the United States. Soon after, the band supported Kula Shaker on a US tour. However, sales of the album did not live up to expectations. Headswim began recording a third album, but after two attempts at recording it the band were still unhappy with the results, and concerned at the rising costs, Sony made the decision to pull the album and drop the band. As of 2022, the album remains unreleased. Subsequently, Headswim released only one further single, "Dusty Road", in 2000 on the independent record label Pet Sounds in the UK, before splitting up in early 2001.
Following the group's split, Daniel Glendining formed a new band, BlackCar, essentially a solo project with occasional contributions from other musicians. BlackCar released two albums, BlackCar (2004) and Last Scene Rushes (2010), before going on hiatus. Natalie Imbruglia recorded a version of BlackCar's song "Come On Home" for her UK number-one album Counting Down the Days. Glendining also composes music for film scores, having composed the instrumental score for Lindy Heymann's 2010 low-budget British film, Kicks and contributing two tracks to the soundtrack of French television series Ainsi soient-ils. Tom Glendining also played drums for BlackCar while also a member of another band, Tenebrous Liar. In February 2011 it was announced that Dan would be joining his brother Tom in Tenebrous Liar as their new guitarist while continuing to work as BlackCar. Nick Watts became a graphic designer, but is still involved in the music business as he plays keyboards for the Danish alternative rock band Mew when they are on tour.
In May 2022, record label Trapped Animal announced that they would release a deluxe version of Flood on 7 October 2022, featuring the original album along with an extra disc of outtakes from the Flood sessions and session tracks recorded for the BBC Radio 1 Rock Show. The band also reunited to play a one-off gig at the Camden Underworld on the day of release of the reissue of Flood, where they played the album in its entirety. Speaking to Classic Rock ahead of the gig, bassist Clovis Taylor refused to rule out future activity from the band.
Discography
Studio albums
Flood (1994)
Despite Yourself (1997 in USA, 1998 in UK & Europe) - UK No. 24
EPs
Tense Nervous Head (1993)
Moment of Union (1994)
combined and released as the mini-album Tense Moments (1994)
Singles
"Gone to Pot" (1994)
"Soup" (1994)
"Crawl" (1995) - UK No. 64
"Tourniquet" (1997 in USA, 1998 in UK & Europe) - UK No. 30
"Better Made" (1998) - UK No. 42
"Dusty Road" (2000)
(highest UK chart positions taken from "British Hit Singles & Albums")
References
English alternative rock groups
English rock music groups
Musical groups established in 1992
Musical groups disestablished in 2001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Headswim |
Òmnium Cultural () is a Spanish association based in Barcelona, Catalonia. It was originally created in the 1960s to promote the Catalan language and spread Catalan culture.
Over the years it has increased its involvement in broader political issues; in 2012 it committed itself to Catalan independence, specifically demanding the right of self-determination for Catalonia. Leaders of the abortive Catalan independence referendum such as Jordi Cuixart were simultaneously holding leadership positions at Òmnium.
Currently Òmnium claims more than 190,000 members organised in 52 regional offices besides the headquarters in Barcelona.
History
Òmnium Cultural was created on 11 July 1961 in the context of Francoist Spain when the institutional use of Catalan was forbidden. In 1963 the Francoist authorities closed down the association. Òmnium had to continue to exist as a clandestine association between 1963–1967. In 1967, after a long legal case before the Francoist courts, the association won its right to exist and was once again authorised.
In order to promote Catalan culture within the many limits of Francoism, Òmnium was the main creator and sponsor of various awards and literary contests for works published in Catalan, such as the Premi d'Honor de les Lletres Catalanes (1969). In the early 1970s it established the Nit de Santa Llúcia a festival of Catalan literature where three prizes are awarded: the Premi Sant Jordi (novel), the Premi Mercè Rodoreda (short story) and the Premi Carles Riba (poetry).
After the Francoist dictatorship ended in 1975, Òmnium continued its work promoting Catalan language and culture. Once democracy was restored, Òmnium supported and defended Catalan self-government.
It was awarded the Creu de Sant Jordi by the Catalan government (Generalitat) in 1984 and named a public interest body in 2009.
After the Spanish Constitutional Court's rejection of the new Statute of Autonomy of Catalonia in 2010, one million people marched in Barcelona calling for national self-determination in a 2010 Catalan autonomy protest organised by Òmnium.
In December 2015, Jordi Cuixart was elected president by a large majority. He was then re-elected in 2018. During Cuixart's arrest, the most visible member of the association was its spokesman Marcel Mauri.
In 2022 Xavier Antich won the presidency with the 21,758 votes cast in an election where Antich was the sole candidate.
Òmnium was one of the main organisations, together with Assemblea Nacional Catalana, supporting the Catalan self-determination referendum in 2017. After Operation Anubis, both the president of Òmnium, Jordi Cuixart, and the president of ANC, Jordi Sànchez, were sent to jail. Since then, several organizations including Amnesty International, the Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, PEN International, the World Organisation Against Torture, Front Line Defenders and the International Association of Democratic Lawyers have asked for their release.
Structure and funding
Òmnium Cultural is one of the biggest organizations in Catalonia, claiming more than 190,000 members. It is based in Barcelona with regional offices in 52 other municipalities.
Òmnium Cultural cooperates with other organizations that share similar goals in other Catalan-speaking territories: Acció Cultural del País Valencià (in the Valencian Country) and Obra Cultural Balear (in the Balearic Islands).
Between 2005 and 2012, the association received up to 13 million euros in grants from the Catalan regional government (Generalitat). from which 1.4 million were received in 2012 alone. In all, in the 2011–2016 period Òmnium could have received more than 20 million euros from the Generalitat (2.9m euros in 2011, 3.2m euros in 2012, 4.5m euros in 2013, 6.6m euros in 2014, 5.6m euros in 2015 and 4.4m euros in 2016).
In 2013 the association announced that it would no longer receive funding from the Catalan government, but the organization does not publish its accounts. In 2016, different local authorities gave grants to Òmnium, basically for local cultural activities, for a value of €144,404.12, out of a total income in 2016 of €4.4 million.
According to the Spanish Civil Guard in 2018, 98% of Òmnium Cultural's budget came from private contributions and it did not receive funding from the Catalan government in relation to the 2017 independence referendum.
In November 2015 Òmnium was condemned by the Audiencia Nacional for the unauthorised use and deficient custody of personal data, after its data had been stolen by a hacker. This led to a €200,000 sanction imposed by the Spanish agency responsible for data protection.
See also
2010 Catalan autonomy protest
References
External links
Catalan advocacy organizations
Catalan culture
Cultural promotion organizations
Organizations established in 1961
1961 establishments in Spain
Catalan nationalism
Catalan independence movement | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%92mnium%20Cultural |
WSKG-TV (channel 46) is a PBS member television station in Binghamton, New York, United States. It is owned by the WSKG Public Telecommunications Council alongside NPR members WSKG-FM (89.3) and WSQX-FM (91.5). The three stations share studios on Gates Road in Vestal, New York; WSKG-TV's transmitter is located on Ingraham Hill in the town of Binghamton.
WSKA (channel 30) in Corning operates as a full-time satellite of WSKG-TV; this station's transmitter is located on Higman Hill. WSKA covers areas of south-central New York and north-central Pennsylvania that receive a marginal to non-existent over-the-air signal from WSKG, although there is significant overlap between the two stations' contours otherwise. WSKA is a straight simulcast of WSKG; on-air references to WSKA are limited to Federal Communications Commission (FCC)-mandated hourly station identifications during programming. Aside from the transmitter, WSKA does not maintain any physical presence in Corning or Elmira. WSKA had begun broadcasting as of fall 2006 as a repeater station of WSKG.
Overview
The station was named for Stanley Kiehl Gambell, a prominent local clergyman who was active in children's television programming.
In popular culture
The station was featured in the Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiego? episode "WSKGone", where the station was stolen by the character Wonder Rat. Mike Zeigler (the president of WSKG at the time) recorded a message for the gumshoes involving Mexican television network Televisa.
Technical information
Subchannels
The stations' digital signals are multiplexed:
Analog-to-digital conversion
WSKG-TV shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 46, on June 12, 2009, the official date on which full-power television stations in the United States transitioned from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate. The station's digital signal remained on its pre-transition UHF channel 42. Through the use of PSIP, digital television receivers display the station's virtual channel as its former UHF analog channel 46.
Former repeaters
WSKG-TV once had many analog translators in operation across New York's Southern Tier. However, due to high operating costs, WSKG ceased the broadcasts, and surrendered the licenses of almost all of their television translators. W60AD (channel 60) in Savona, New York was their only TV translator remaining in recent years, until the repeater license was cancelled on January 13, 2012. It had an ERP of 650 watts.
References
External links
Television channels and stations established in 1968
1968 establishments in New York (state)
SKG-TV
PBS member stations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WSKG-TV |
Hugh Auchincloss Brown (23 December 1879 – 19 November 1975) was an electrical engineer who advanced a theory of catastrophic pole shift. Brown claimed that massive accumulation of ice at the poles caused recurring tipping of the axis in cycles of approximately 4000–7500 years. He argued that because the earth wobbles on the axis and the crust slides on the mantle, a shift was demonstrably imminent, and suggested the use of nuclear explosions to break up the ice to forestall catastrophe.
Brown graduated from Columbia University in 1900. He is a grandson of the Scottish American merchant Hugh Auchincloss (1780–1855), who founded a mercantile company which became known as J & H Auchincloss, or Auchincloss Brothers. Through his mother, Matilda Auchincloss (1824–1894), Brown was a cousin of businessman Hugh D. Auchincloss Sr. and first cousin once removed of stockbroker and Standard Oil heir Hugh D. Auchincloss Jr., stepfather of Jacqueline Kennedy Onassis and Lee Radziwill. Through his father, Horatio Silas Brown, he was descended from John Howland, a signatory of the Mayflower Compact, and Elizabeth Tilley, a fellow Mayflower passenger.
Works
Popular awakening concerning the impending flood (privately printed 1948)
Cataclysms of the Earth (1967)
References
External links
"Can the Earth Capsize?" Time 13 September 1948
1879 births
1975 deaths
Catastrophism
Pole shift theory and theorists
Columbia School of Mines alumni
Auchincloss family | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hugh%20Auchincloss%20Brown |
U.S. Highway associations were organizations to promote business and tourism along specific highways. The earliest ones also worked on interconnecting various state highways to create longer, multi-state highways. Since 1990, new associations have formed (primarily for U.S. Route 66) for preservation of historic highways.
The National Auto Trails associations
The National Auto Trail began in the 1910s as part of the Good Roads Movement. With the growth of the automobile, state highways were beginning to be developed. The idea began to develop for a need for longer, interstate roads and associations developed to work with the various state transportation departments to interlink the roads. In 1911, the National Old Trails Association was created to establish the National Old Trails Highway, a road linking New York City with Los Angeles.
That same year, the National Highways Association was started, with the slogan "Good roads for everyone!" The organization, which was co-founded by Charles Henry Davis, promoted the creation and maintenance of 50,000 miles of highway. This includes the Jefferson Davis Highway. The organization distributed pamphlets promoting the importance of highway systems and created maps in their own office, located in South Yarmouth, Massachusetts.
In 1912, the Lincoln Highway Association was created to establish the Lincoln Highway, a road between New York City and San Francisco championed by bicycle and auto parts and racing tycoon Carl Graham Fisher. Three years later, in 1915, the Old Spanish Trail Association was founded in Mobile, Alabama, to develop the southernmost national highway from St. Augustine, Florida, to San Diego, California. Subscriptions from individual cities and towns on the proposed route, along with individual memberships and donations from corporations, provided funds for the groups. Actual maintenance and construction of the roads remained the responsibility of the individual states.
However, problems were not unheard of. In some cases, states would not cooperate with the organizations. The Lincoln Highway Association wanted a branch to come off the main road at Ely, Nevada to carry travelers to Los Angeles. The state of Utah, though, wanted it to branch off at Salt Lake City, Utah to keep travelers in their state longer. They therefore refused to upgrade a section of the Lincoln Highway west of Salt Lake City.
Other problems included con-artists collecting money from towns and then disappearing, never providing support for the road as agreed. Also, signs at times became sporadic or difficult to read and multiple trails on the same road (also known as overlapping) tended to cause confusion to motorists. These problems would result in the creation of the U.S. Highway System in 1926.
US Highway associations
The creation of the US Highway System brought the end of the old trail associations, though the original Lincoln Highway Association would not disband officially until 1935. But new associations, to promote commerce and tourism along their specific highways, started. The U.S. Highway 66 Association formed in 1927 and became the most prominent of the groups. It would continue until 1975 as US 66 was becoming bypassed by interstates. Other groups promoted U.S. Route 40, U.S. Route 60, and U.S. Route 93. These groups mainly published travel guides for tourist, though the US 66 group was sometimes more political.
Historic associations
The first historic highway associations were the Arizona and Missouri Route 66 associations. Missouri's group was the first to get historic markers erected along the highway, in 1991. Currently all eight states on Route 66 have their own state organizations. There is also a National Route 66 Federation. In 1992, the Lincoln Highway Association was revitalized to preserve and promote the old Lincoln Highway. Other historic highway organizations now include: The Yellowstone Trail Association, the US Route 6 Tourist Association, the National Road Association, and the Midland Trail Association. A new American Road Foundation was formed in 2007 to promote preservation of all US highways and auto trails.
See also
References
External links
Maps online from various National Highway Associations in the American Geographical Society Library Digital Map Collection, UW Milwaukee.
Illinois Route 66 Association
Oklahoma Route 66 Association
Route 66 Association of New Mexico
Route 66 Association of California
Roads in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S.%20Highway%20association |
Monica Mary McWilliams (born 28 April 1954) is a Northern Irish academic, peace activist, human rights defender and former politician in Northern Ireland.
In 1996, she co-founded the Northern Ireland Women’s Coalition (NIWC) political party and was elected as a delegate at the Multi-Party Peace Negotiations, which led to the Good Friday Peace Agreement in 1998.
She served as a Member of the Northern Ireland Assembly (MLA) for Belfast South from 1998 to 2003, and chaired the Implementation Committee on Human Rights on behalf of the British and Irish governments. She was appointed as Chief Commissioner of the Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission from 2005–2011, and was the Oversight Commissioner for prison reform in Northern Ireland (2011–2015). She currently sits on the Independent Reporting Commission for the disbandment of paramilitary organisations in Northern Ireland.
She is Emeritus Professor in the Transitional Justice Institute at Ulster University and continues her academic research into domestic violence. She also specialises in conflict resolution and working with women in conflict regions.
Early life
McWilliams was born in Ballymoney, County Antrim, grew up in Kilrea, County Londonderry and was educated at Loreto College, Coleraine. She is a graduate of Queen's University Belfast and the University of Michigan, and became Professor of Women's Studies and Social Policy at the University of Ulster.
Career
McWilliams, a Catholic residing in south Belfast, co-founded (with Pearl Sagar, a Protestant social worker from East Belfast, and other women) the Northern Ireland Women's Coalition (NIWC), a political party with a feminist platform in an era where civil liberties, let alone women's rights, were difficult to gain traction on. She was inspired by Martin Luther King and watched the civil rights movement grow under his leadership in North America, noting herself that rights in Northern Ireland were of real concern too. Her focus for Northern Ireland was on a broader vision of peace based on inclusion, human rights and equality.
In 1996, McWilliams won a seat with Sagar representing the Women’s Coalition at the multi party peace talks in Northern Ireland leading to the 1998 Good Friday Agreement. She joined 3% of global women as a signatory to an international peace treaty. She faced frequent sexism and ridicule in the Forum for Dialogue and Understanding, which sat alongside the peace talks, and challenged the way in which women in public life were subjected to such behavior. In the peace accord, she contributed to the securing of key outcomes such as restitution for victims, inclusion of reconciliation, integrated education, shared housing and a civic forum rather than a sole focus on decommissioning and disarmament. This was key to the success of the Good Friday agreement.
She was elected as one of two Northern Ireland Women’s Coalition Members of the Legislative Assembly in Northern Ireland (the other being Jane Morrice) from 1998 to 2003, representing South Belfast. During the negotiations following the Agreement, she was the Chairperson of the Human Rights Sub-Committee until 2003. In the 2003 Assembly election she lost her seat by a few hundred votes. After ten years in existence, the NIWC decided in 2006 to stand down the party.
McWilliams returned to her university post from 2003 until she was appointed by the Secretary of State for Northern Ireland as full-time Chief Commissioner of the Northern Ireland Human Rights Commission in June 2005, for a three-year term. She was reappointed for a second term, in September 2008. Under her six-year leadership the Commission finalized the advice on a Bill of Rights for Northern Ireland. It was presented to the UK government in December 2008 where legislation on a Bill of Rights for Northern Ireland is still awaited. In 2011 she returned to the University of Ulster as Professor of Women's Studies in the Transitional Justice Institute which carries out research on gender, transition, human rights and conflict.
McWilliams was one of three persons appointed in December 2011 to a Prisons Reform Oversight Group advising the Northern Ireland Department of Justice.
In 2015 she was appointed by the First Minister and the Deputy First Minister to the Fresh Start Panel on the Disbandment of Paramilitary Organizations in Northern Ireland. She was subsequently appointed by international treaty between the British and Irish governments to the Independent Reporting Commission from 2017 to 2021 to oversee the recommendations from the Panel report.
She chaired the Governing Board of Interpeace, an international NGO based in Geneva, until July 2021 and is Emeritus Professor in the Transitional Justice Institute at Ulster University. Monica helped establish Politics in Action and is on their board of directors.
McWilliams has co-authored two books and three government-published research studies: Bringing It Out in the Open: Domestic Violence in Northern Ireland (1993, with Joan McKiernan) and Taking Domestic Violence Seriously: Issues for the Civil and Criminal Justice System (1996, with Lynda Spence) and 'Intimate Partner Violence in Conflict and Post-Conflict Societies Insights and Lessons from Northern Ireland' (2017 with Jessica Doyle).
Her research in the 1990s led to the first government policy on domestic violence and was followed up twenty five years later as the first longitudinal study on domestic violence during and post conflict. She has published several articles on the impact of political conflict, on conflict resolution and women's rights. She has facilitated workshops with women in conflict regions including Columbia, Myanmar, Uganda, DRC, Syria, Yemen, Afghanistan, Iraq, Israel and Palestine. She was one of nine signatories of the Northern Ireland peace process jointly awarded the John F. Kennedy Library Profile in Courage Award in 1998. She was a joint recipient of the Frank Cousins Peace Award in 1999 (commemorating a British trade union official). She has received honorary doctorates from Lesley College (Massachusetts), Mount Mary College (Milwaukee), University of York, Queen's University Belfast, Dublin City University and Trinity College Dublin.
In 2018, in recognition of her life work and in celebration of the 100 Anniversary of Suffrage, Women in Business awarded Monica with a Special Lifetime Achievement Award. Also in 2018 Monica McWilliams was inducted into The Irish Tatler Hall of Fame.
On 9th June 2019 she was a 'castaway' guest on Desert Island Discs on 9 June 2019. She was featured in the documentary "Wave Goodbye to Dinosaurs", a history of the Northern Ireland's Women's Coalition.
Her book Stand up Speak Out: My Life working for women's rights, peace and equality in Northern Ireland and beyond was published in 2021.
In 2023 she was elected a member of the Royal Irish Academy.
See also
List of peace activists
References
External links
Ulster University
1954 births
Living people
20th-century women politicians from Northern Ireland
21st-century women politicians from Northern Ireland
Politicians from Belfast
Academics of Ulster University
Alumni of Queen's University Belfast
University of Michigan alumni
Female members of the Northern Ireland Assembly
Human rights activists from Northern Ireland
Leaders of political parties in Northern Ireland
Members of the Northern Ireland Forum
Members of the Royal Irish Academy
Northern Ireland Women's Coalition MLAs
Northern Ireland MLAs 1998–2003
People educated at Loreto College, Coleraine
Women academics
British political party founders | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Monica%20McWilliams |
Lev Konstantinovich Knipper (Russian: Лев Константинович Книппер; – 30 July 1974) was a Soviet and Russian composer of partial German descent and an active OGPU/NKVD agent.
Life and career
Lev Knipper was born in Tiflis to railway engineer Konstantin Leonardovich Knipper and Elena-Luiza Yul’evna Rid. Shortly after his birth, the family relocated to Tsarskoye Selo, then to Yekaterinoslav in 1910, and then Saint Petersburg in 1913. He was greatly influenced by his father's sister, the actress Olga Knipper (wife of the playwright Anton Chekhov), who encouraged his musical interests. He learned to play clarinet, double bass and various brass instruments, and taught himself to play piano out of a book.
Knipper enlisted in the White Army in 1916. Following the Russian Civil War of 1917, he became stranded in Turkey, though was eventually able to reunite with his aunt Olga, who was touring abroad. Upon his return to Soviet Russia in 1922, he was repeatedly interviewed and ultimately recruited by the OGPU foreign department. At their behest, Knipper travelled to Germany in 1922–23, where he made the acquaintance of composers Alois Hába, Philipp Jarnach, and Paul Hindemith. Hindemith's music in particular had a strong influence on Knipper's own compositional language.
Through the connections of his aunt, Knipper made the acquaintance of Elena Gnesina, who hired him as building administrator at the Gnessin Music School in Moscow. Though Knipper was too old to be officially admitted as a student, he was nonetheless able to study with Reinhold Glière and Nikolai Zhilyayev. He wrote his first catalogued composition, the orchestral suite Сказки гипсового божка (Tales of a Plaster God), Op. 1, in 1923, a work musicologist Larry Sitsky characterizes as "harsh and chiseled," and somewhat grotesque. Inspired by sculptures of the Buddha by Pavel Tchelitchew, the six-movement suite premiered on 8 March 1925 and was well-received by audiences and critics. Fellow composer Leonid Sabaneyev approached Knipper at the premiere and asked for a copy of the score. In 1929, Knipper was invited by Vladimir Nemirovich-Danchenko to work as a consultant at the Moscow Art Theatre. This led to the creation of Knipper's most significant work of this early period, his 1930 opera Северный ветер (The North Wind), Op. 25, based on the play by Vladimir Kirshon. Musicologist Gerald Abraham describes the opera as "harmonically sophisticated, dry, [and] more than a little Hindemithian." The opera is also noted for its defiance of typical operatic conventions. The North Wind received a total of seventy-eight performances, mostly in Moscow, but following harsh criticism from the Russian Association of Proletarian Musicians it was not staged again until 1974.
Seemingly in response to criticism of his modernist early works, Knipper resigned his post as technical secretary to the Association for Contemporary Music (two years before it was officially disbanded) and abruptly shifted his style towards one more in line with the principals of socialist realism. In 1930–1931, he travelled to Central Asia to study the region's folk music. The music of Tajikistan was apparently a source of great inspiration for him: his list of works reveals eight explicitly Tajik-inspired compositions. The majority of Knipper's works from this period are musically conservative and patriotic and militaristic in tone, most notably his "song-symphonies" (3, 4 and 6). The most notable of these is his Fourth Symphony, "Поэма о бойце-комсомольце (Poem of the Komsomol Fighter)", Op. 41 (1934), with lyrics by Viktor Gusev dedicated to Kliment Voroshilov. The central theme of the symphony, the song Полюшко-поле, has become Knipper's most famous work as one of the marching songs of the Red Army Choir. Though in line with Soviet political ideals, these song-symphonies were met with criticism by some of Knipper's fellow composers: Dmitri Shostakovich, for one, lambasted Knipper's Third Symphony (1932) for its "primitiveness" at a meeting of the Union of Soviet Composers in 1935 (fortunately for Shostakovich, this criticism did not deter Knipper from coming to his defense following the famous public denunciation of Shostakovich's opera Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk in 1936). Dmitry Kabalevsky pointed out the shortcomings of Knipper's approach to combining mass-songs and the surrounding symphonic material. In his Sixth Symphony, Op. 47 (1936), Knipper apparently veered too close to his earlier style and was publicly rebuked for it; his Seventh Symphony "Military" (1938) returned to an ideologically safer style.
Knipper continued to compose during the Second World War, though much of his time was devoted to extensive travel for the NKVD, which he continued to serve until 1949. According to secret intelligence documents released in 2002, Knipper and his wife were to play a key role if the Nazis should capture Moscow: Under the elaborate plan, ballerinas and circus acrobats were armed with grenades and pistols and ordered to assassinate German generals if they attempted to organize concerts and other celebrations upon taking the city. Knipper was personally charged with the responsibility of killing Adolf Hitler if he got the opportunity, an opportunity the NKVD suspected might arise due to Knipper's sister, Olga, having social connections with high-ranking Nazis, including Hermann Göring.
Knipper was prolific. He wrote 5 operas (including one on The Little Prince), 20 symphonies, ballets, pieces for piano and other film musics.
The primary publishers of Knipper's works are Muzyka, Kompozitor and Le Chant du Monde. Most of his published compositions are currently out of print, and the majority of his output has yet to be published.
List of works
Symphonies
Symphony No. 1 in 4 parts, Op. 13 (1926) – dedicated to Olga Knipper
Symphony No. 2, Op. 30 (1929)
Symphony No. 3 "Far East," Op. 32 (1932) – poetry by Viktor Gusev
Sinfonietta, Op. 33 (1932)
Symphony No. 4 "Poem for the Komsomol Fighters" (1934, rev. 1966) – poetry by Viktor Gusev
Symphony No. 5 (1935)
Symphony No. 6, Op. 47 (1936)
Symphony No. 7 "Military" in 3 parts (1938)
Symphony No. 8 in 3 movements (1941)
Symphony No. 9 in 4 movements (1944–45)
Symphony No. 10 in 4 movements (1946) – dedicated to Nikolai Myaskovsky
Symphony No. 11 in 4 movements (1949)
Symphony No. 12 in 3 parts (1950)
Symphony No. 13 in 4 parts (1951–52) – dedicated to Nikolai Myaskovsky
Sinfonietta in 4 movements (1952)
Symphony in 4 movements (1954)
Symphony No. 14 for string orchestra in 4 parts (1961–62)
Symphony No. 15 (1962)
Symphony No. 16 (1962–69)
Symphony No. 17 in 3 movements (1969–70)
Symphony No. 18 (1970–71)
Sinfonietta for string orchestra in 4 movements (1971–72)
Symphony No. 20 in 3 parts (1972)
Symphony No. 21 "Dances" in 5 parts (1972)
Concertante
Violin
Souvenir: Six pieces for violin and symphony orchestra, Op. 31 (1932)
Three Variations on a Theme for violin and symphony orchestra, Op. 31a (1932)
Concerto No. 1 (1942–44) – dedicated to Olga Knipper
Sonatina for violin and string orchestra (1948)
Concertino for violin and string orchestra (1962)
Little Concerto in Classical Style (1964–65) – dedicated to Arkady Futer
Concerto No. 3 (1969–70) – dedicated to Leonid Kogan
Viola
Concerto (1962)
Cello
Concerto-Monologue for cello, seven brass instruments and timpani (1962) – dedicated to Mstislav Rostropovich
Concerto-Poem for cello and chamber orchestra (1971) – dedicated to Natalia Shakhovskaya
Woodwinds
Clarinet Concerto (1967) – dedicated to Rafael Bagdasarian
Concerto-Suite for oboe, string quartet and percussion (1968) – dedicated to Konstantin Paustovsky
Concerto for bassoon and string orchestra (1969–70) – dedicated to Valery Popov
Brass
Four Improvisations & Finale for horn and string orchestra (1971)
Double concertos
for violin, cello and orchestra (1945)
for violin, cello and wind septet (1967) - dedicated to Tatiana Alekseevna Gaidamovich
for trumpet and bassoon (1968)
String quartet
Radif: suite in Iranian style for string quartet and string orchestra (1944)
Concerto for string quartet and orchestra (1963)
Symphonic Concerto for string quartet and symphony orchestra (1964–65)
Chamber music
Reflections: Six sketches for flute and clarinet, Op. 11 (1925)
To my Son: Four miniatures, Op. 27 (1931) – dedicated to
Four Pieces for violin and piano (1943)
String quartets
No. 1 (1943) – dedicated to the Bolshoi Quartet
Six Miniatures on Kirghiz Themes (1956)
No. 2 (1962)
No. 3 (1972–73) – dedicated to N. M. Skuzovatova
Concert Scherzo for violin and piano (1962)
Pieces for flute and harp (1963)
Piano trios
No. 1 (1968–71) – dedicated to Tatiana Alekseevna Gaidamovich
No. 2 (1971–73) – dedicated to Tatiana Alekseevna Gaidamovich
Concert Etude for flute and trumpet (1971)
Scherzo for flute, trumpet and piano (1971)
Film music
The Private Life of Pyotr Vinogradov (1934)
The Red Cavalry (1935)
The Soviet Coast (documentary, 1951)
Immortal Pages (documentary, 1965)
Honors and awards
Order of the Badge of Honour
Stalin Prize – 1946 and 1949
People's Artist of the RSFSR – 1974
References
External links
List of works
Life and work
"Stalin planned to destroy Moscow if the Nazis moved in" by Adrian Blomfield, The Telegraph, London, 5 December 2008
Beevor, Antony (2004) The Mystery of Olga Chekhova
1898 births
1974 deaths
20th-century classical composers
20th-century Russian male musicians
Musicians from Tbilisi
People from Tiflis Governorate
Gnessin State Musical College alumni
People's Artists of the RSFSR
Recipients of the Stalin Prize
Male opera composers
Russian male classical composers
Russian opera composers
Soviet male classical composers
Soviet opera composers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lev%20Knipper |
San Tin Highway () is a northeast-southwest expressway at San Tin in north-western New Territories of Hong Kong. San Tin Highway connects Fanling Highway at its northeastern end at San Tin Interchange to a fork at the Tsing Long Highway and Yuen Long Highway at Kam Tin River east of Yuen Long at the southwestern end of the San Tin Highway. San Tin Highway is also part of Route 9. The road was completed between 1991 and 1993.
Description
San Tin Highway connects the Tsing Long Highway and the Yuen Long Highway north of Au Tau, near the new town of Yuen Long. It is also part of Route 9. The road was completed between 1991 and 1993. The speed limit of the expressway is 100 km/h.
The intersection between San Tin Highway and Fanling Highway is the San Tin Interchange. Slip roads from San Tin Interchange on to San Sham Road lead 2 km north to Hong Kong's only 24-hour border crossing at the Lok Ma Chau Control Point–Huanggang Port border crossing with Shenzhen in mainland China. The slip roads were completed in January 2007. Before their construction, the vast amount of lorries and goods vehicles using the roundabout caused serious traffic congestion, on San Sham Road and occasionally on San Tin Highway.
Before the completion of Tsing Long Highway, the southern end of the Highway connected to Castle Peak Road and Au Tau Interchange. When Tsing Long Highway was opened in 1998, San Tin Highway was connected to it, thus linking up with Tai Lam Tunnel and Yuen Long Highway. The interchange near Fairview Park is the roundabout which has the most exits in Hong Kong. It has 7 entrances and exits which lead to:
Fairview Park (Joining Fairview Park Boulevard)
San Tin Highway (Bidirectional)
Castle Peak Road — Tam Mi (Bidirectional)
San Tam Road (Bidirectional)
Interchanges
References
External links
Expressways in Hong Kong
Route 9 (Hong Kong)
Yuen Long | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/San%20Tin%20Highway |
The Great Northern Railway (Ireland) (GNR(I) or GNRI) was an Irish gauge () railway company in Ireland. It was formed in 1876 by a merger of the Irish North Western Railway (INW), Northern Railway of Ireland, and Ulster Railway. The governments of Ireland and Northern Ireland jointly nationalised the company in 1953, and the company was liquidated in 1958: assets were split on national lines between the Ulster Transport Authority and Córas Iompair Éireann.
Foundation
The Ulster, D&D and D&BJct railways together formed the main line between Dublin and Belfast, with the D&BJct completing the final section in 1852 to join the Ulster at . The GNRI's other main lines were between Derry and and between Omagh and Portadown. The Portadown, Dungannon and Omagh Junction Railway together with the Londonderry and Enniskillen Railway enabled GNRI trains between Derry and Belfast to compete with the Belfast and Northern Counties Railway, and both this and the Dundalk route gave connections between Derry and Dublin. These main lines supported the development of an extensive branch network serving the southwest half of Ulster and northern counties of Leinster. The GNRI became Ireland's most prosperous railway company and second largest railway network.
In its early years the GNR(I) closely imitated the image of its English namesake, adopting an apple green livery for its steam locomotives and a varnished teak finish for its passenger coaches. Later the company adopted its famous pale blue livery for locomotives (from 1932), with the frames and running gear picked out in scarlet. Passenger vehicles were painted brown, instead of varnished. On 12 June 1889, a significant rail accident occurred when a passenger train stalled between and . The train was divided, but during the uncoupling operation ten carriages ran away and collided with another passenger train. A total of 80 people were killed and 260 were injured in what was then the deadliest railway accident to have occurred in Europe. The accident remains the deadliest ever to have occurred on the island of Ireland.
Growth and partition
In the early 20th century increasing traffic led the GNRI to consider introducing larger locomotives. The Great Southern & Western Railway had introduced express passenger locomotives with a 4-6-0 wheel arrangement, and the GNRI wanted to do the same. However, the lifting shop in the GNRI Dundalk works was too short to build or overhaul a 4-6-0, so the company persisted with 4-4-0 locomotives for even the heaviest and fastest passenger trains. This led to the GNRI to order a very modern and powerful class of 4-4-0's, the Class V three cylinder compound locomotives built by Beyer, Peacock & Company in 1932. This class has been compared with another notable V class, that introduced by the Southern Railway in England in 1930.
The Partition of Ireland in 1921 created a border through the GNRI's territory. The new border crossed all three of its main lines and some of its secondary lines. The imposition of border controls caused some service disruption, with main line trains having to stop at both Dundalk and Goraghwood stations. This was not eased until 1947 when customs and immigration facilities for Dublin–Belfast expresses were opened at Dublin Amiens Street and Belfast Great Victoria Street stations.
Nationalisation and division
A combination of the increasing road competition facing all railways and a change in patterns of economic activity caused by the Partition of Ireland reduced the GNRI's prosperity. The company modernised and reduced its costs by introducing modern diesel multiple units on an increasing number of services in the 1940s and 1950s and by making Dublin–Belfast expresses non-stop from 1948. In Dundalk at the GNR Works the railway engineers developed railbuses for use on sections of the rural network. Nevertheless, by the 1950s the GNRI had ceased to be profitable and in 1953 the company was jointly nationalised by the governments of the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland. The two governments ran the railway jointly under a Great Northern Railway Board until 1958.
In May 1958, the Government of Northern Ireland's wish to close many lines led to the GNR(I) Board being dissolved and the assets divided between the two territories. At midnight on 30 September 1958, all lines entirely within Northern Ireland were transferred to the (nationalised) Ulster Transport Authority (UTA) and all lines entirely within the Republic of Ireland were transferred to Córas Iompair Éireann (CIÉ). CIÉ had been formed as a private company in 1945 but had been nationalised in 1950. In an attempt at fairness, all classes of locomotive and rolling stock were also divided equally between the transport operators of the two new owners. Most classes of GNRI locomotive had been built in small classes, so this division left both railways with an operational and maintenance difficulty of many different designs all in small numbers.
The Government of Northern Ireland, which had a very anti-rail policy, rapidly closed most of the GNR(I) lines in Northern Ireland. Exceptions were the Belfast–Dundalk and Portadown–Derry main lines and the Newry–Warrenpoint and – branches. It made the Lisburn–Antrim branch freight-only from 1960 and closed the Portadown–Derry and Newry–Warrenpoint lines to all traffic in 1965. The Republic of Ireland government tried briefly to maintain services on lines closed at the border by the Northern Ireland government, but this was impractical, and the Republic had to follow suit in closing most GNR(I) lines within the Republic. Since 1963, the –Navan branch has survived for freight traffic only.
The GNR's north western main line between Dundalk and Derry bypassed the small County Tyrone town of Fintona, which was instead served by a branch line from Fintona Junction station. The service was operated by the double-deck Fintona horse tram until the line's closure in 1957. CIÉ also acquired the Hill of Howth Tramway, in the northern suburbs of Dublin, in the 1958 dissolution of the GNRI Board. CIÉ closed the tramway about a year later.
Today, the remaining GNR routes consist of the main line from Dublin to Belfast, the Howth branch, electrified for Dublin commuter services since 1984, the Drogheda - Navan (Tara Mine) line, which carries only freight traffic associated with that mine, passenger traffic having ceased with the closure of the line beyond there to Oldcastle in 1963, and the Lisburn to Antrim branch, now mothballed but retained in operational order for the time being.
Preservation
Rolling stock
Four GNRI steam locomotives are preserved. The Railway Preservation Society of Ireland at Whitehead owns two of its 4-4-0s (one each of classes S and Q) and has custodianship of a third 4-4-0, (V Class) which is on loan from the Ulster Folk and Transport Museum at Cultra. The RPSI periodically operates one or more of them on special excursion trains on Northern Ireland Railways and Iarnród Éireann (successor to CIÉ) routes. A 2-4-2T (JT Class) locomotive is preserved at the Ulster Folk and Transport Museum at Cultra.
Some of its coaching stock has also been preserved. 1938 built dining car No.88 still sees use as part of the Railway Preservation Society of Ireland's Dublin-based "heritage set" of coaches. Also operating in this set is a 1954 built brake coach No.9, although it currently carries the number 1949. The Downpatrick and County Down Railway also has an example of a third-class GNR six-wheeled carriage, in an unrestored condition.
Steam locomotives: V Class No. 85 (RPSI), JT Class No. 93 (UFTM), S Class No. 171 (RPSI), Q Class No. 131 (RPSI)
Tenders: No. 31 (RPSI), No. 43 (RPSI)
Carriages: Directors Saloon No. 50 (RPSI), Dining Car No. 88 (RPSI), Open Third No. 114 (RPSI), Open Third No. 1949 (RPSI), Unidentified 6-Wheeler (DCDR)
Wagons: Brake Van No. 81 (RPSI), Grain Vans No.'s 504 & 2518 (RPSI), Parcel Van No. 788 (RPSI), Crane No. 3169 (RPSI), Ballast Wagon No. 8112N (RPSI), Unidentified Open Wagon (RPSI), Unnumbered Boiler Wagon (RPSI)
Rail-bus: E (UFTM)
Trams: Howth No. 2 (UFTM), Howth No. 4 (OERM), Howth No. 9 (NTMI), Howth No. 10 (NTM), Fintona No. 381 + trailer (UFTM)
Road vehicles: Lorry No. 150 (NTMI), Bus No. 274 (NTMI), Bus No. 345 (C&L - converted to rail coach), Bus No. 389 (C&L), Bus No. 390 (NTMI), Bus No. 427 (NTMI), Bus No. 438 (NTMI)
Buildings
There are a number of historic buildings built by the GNRI such as and . In 2011, a former GNR Signal Cabin from Bundoran Junction arrived at the Downpatrick and County Down Railway. The cabin was installed on the platform at Downpatrick railway station in October 2015, where it is to be restored to working order.
See also
Charles Clifford, Locomotive Superintendent from 1895 to 1912.
William Hemingway Mills, Chief Engineer from 1876.
Notes
References
Further reading
External links
Great Northern Railway Architecture at Archiseek.com
Irish Railway Record Society: Irish Railways: 1946 - 1996; Great Northern Railway (Ireland)
Closed railways in Northern Ireland
Closed railways in Ireland
Railway companies established in 1876
Railway companies disestablished in 1958
Irish gauge railways
1876 establishments in Ireland
1958 disestablishments in Ireland
Defunct railway companies of Ireland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Great%20Northern%20Railway%20%28Ireland%29 |
Adinazolam (marketed under the brand name Deracyn) is a tranquilizer of the triazolobenzodiazepine (TBZD) class, which are benzodiazepines (BZDs) fused with a triazole ring. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative, and antidepressant properties. Adinazolam was developed by Jackson B. Hester, who was seeking to enhance the antidepressant properties of alprazolam, which he also developed. Adinazolam was never FDA approved and never made available to the public market; however, it has been sold as a designer drug.
Side effects
Overdose may include muscle weakness, ataxia, dysarthria and particularly in children paradoxical excitement, as well as diminished reflexes, confusion and coma may ensue in more severe cases.
A human study comparing the subjective effects and abuse potential of adinazolam (30 mg and 50 mg) with diazepam, lorazepam and a placebo showed that adinazolam causes the most "mental and physical sedation" and the greatest "mental unpleasantness".
Pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics
Adinazolam binds to peripheral-type benzodiazepine receptors that interact allosterically with GABA receptors as an agonist to produce inhibitory effects.
Metabolism
Adinazolam was reported to have active metabolites in the August 1984 issue of The Journal of Pharmacy and Pharmacology. The main metabolite is N-desmethyladinazolam. NDMAD has an approximately 25-fold high affinity for benzodiazepine receptors as compared to its precursor, accounting for the benzodiazepine-like effects after oral administration. Multiple N-dealkylations lead to the removal of the dimethylaminomethyl side chain, leading to the difference in its potency. The other two metabolites are alpha-hydroxyalprazolam and estazolam. In the August 1986 issue of that same journal, Sethy, Francis and Day reported that proadifen inhibited the formation of N-desmethyladinazolam.
See also
Benzodiazepine
Alprazolam
Fluadinazolam
GL-II-73
References
Triazolobenzodiazepines
Chloroarenes
Designer drugs
GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators
Hypnotics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adinazolam |
Langerado Music Festival was an annual music festival, taking place in early spring in South Florida, first organized in 2003 by Ethan Schwartz. In 2008, the festival was held at the Seminole Big Cypress Indian Reservation in the Everglades. The festival featured primarily music of the jamband genre, but also offered a wide selection of other musical styles and traditionally offered a stage for local bands, as well.
On June 1, 2011, tickets went on sale for the 2011 festival.
Past Langerado Festivals
2009 Langerado Music Festival
2008 Langerado Music Festival
2007 Langerado Music Festival
2006 Langerado Music Festival
2005 Langerado Music Festival
2004 Langerado Music Festival
2003 Langerado Music Festival
See also
List of jam band music festivals
References
External links
Langerado Official Website
Music festivals in Florida
Rock festivals in the United States
Jam band festivals
Music festivals established in 2003
2003 establishments in Florida | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langerado |
Self-levelling refers to an automobile suspension system that maintains a constant ride height of the vehicle above the road, regardless of load.
Purpose
Many vehicle systems on a conventional vehicle are negatively affected by the change in attitude coming from changes in load - specifically a heavy load in the rear seat or luggage compartment. This change in attitude affects aerodynamic properties, headlight aim, braking, bumpers, shock absorption from the suspension and the vehicle's performance in a collision.
Most of the braking power is on the front wheels of a vehicle, which means you will have more effective braking when more weight is over the front wheels. When the rear end has a heavy load, the braking is not as effective. The weight is concentrated on the rear end of the vehicle, and the rear brakes need to do all of the work. When braking quickly in this situation, the front brakes will be easier to lock up because of the lack of weight transfer to the front of the vehicle. Self-levelling suspension lifts the rear end of the vehicle up to spread out the weight more evenly. This puts the weight back onto the front end of the vehicle, which lets the brakes do their job more effectively.
There is an inherent conflict in suspension design - if the springs are soft, the car will be comfortable but dramatically affected by load. If the springs are hard, the car will be uncomfortable, but less affected by load.
Numerous manufacturers realize this conflict and have pursued different avenues to achieve both comfort and load capacity simultaneously.
History
In France in 1954, Citroën introduced the first self-levelling rear suspension on a production car, and then in 1955 pioneered self-levelling of all four wheels, using its hydropneumatic system. These cars maintain an exact height over the road when the engine is on - height control valves attached to the roll bars via linkages would open to add or drain fluid from the suspension, and when the desired height was reached the valve would automatically close due to its design. Later models would use electronic height sensors and motors so adjustment could be achieved with the engine off.
This system allowed the suspension to achieve an unusually soft ride quality.
Since then, millions of fairly inexpensive Citroën cars have been equipped with self-levelling as an unobtrusive, but integral design feature. The Citroën's dashboard (later console or fascia mounted controls) includes a position lever which allows the driver to select whether the car would sit with the body in high, intermediate, normal or low positions, the extremes used for maintenance such as changing wheels or hydraulic system work. Up until 1995 when they added "antisink" to the range when the engine was turned off, the suspension slowly lost pressure until the car rested on the bump stops. When the engine was restarted it rose back to its pre-selected height. The addition of anti-sink added 2 non-return valves and an extra accumulator so that when hydraulic pressure was lost the valves would close and keep the remaining fluid in the system, and leaving the car resting at a normal height when parked.
In the United States, William D. Allison developed Torsion-Level Suspension used on 1955-1956 model Packards. This was an interconnected suspension, with torsion bars that ran along each side of the frame, connecting the front wheel to the rear (on the same side). Because this system is so affected by load, a supplemental, electronic leveling system was added, which uses a level sensor and a single motor to load/unload a pair of auxiliary bars to adjust vehicle attitude, but not overall ride height. This early attempt was an important step on the road to self-leveling, even if a full load would cause the whole car to lower evenly, rather than maintain height.
In 1957, Cadillac introduced the Eldorado Brougham, a Rolls-Royce Silver Cloud competitor, featuring a new Air suspension with a self leveling feature.
In 1966, Rolls-Royce licensed Citroën's hydropneumatic system to fit to the rear axle of the Silver Shadow. At first, both the front and rear of the car were controlled by the levelling system; the front levelling was removed in 1969 as it had been determined that the rear levelling did almost all the work. Rolls-Royce achieved a high degree of ride quality with this arrangement.
Land Rover developed a different system for the Range Rover in the early 1970s. The Range Rover was intended to be as comfortable on the road as a normal saloon car yet as capable of heavy off-road use as a traditional Land Rover. This highlighted the contradiction in suspension design as the Range Rover used all-round long-travel coil springs. If these were kept soft to maintain comfort they would compress too much under a heavy payload, restricting axle travel when off-road and compromising handling. Land Rover developed a self-levelling rear suspension using the "Boge Hydromat" self-energising hydraulic strut.
Of similar construction to a hydraulic shock absorber the strut used the motion of the suspension travelling over bumps to pump itself back up to a pre-set height. It was sufficiently powerful to regain up to 85% of normal ride height with a full load over the rear axle, and had the advantage of requiring no external power source or a dedicated hydraulic system in the vehicle. The same system was applied to the Land Rover in the 1980s when these vehicles adopted the Range Rover's coil spring suspension. In the 1990s Land Rover, in pursuit of the same blend of on- and off-road ability, developed an air suspension system that was both self-levelling and height adjustable. Originally this was in conjunction with live axles but it is now used with fully independent suspension using wishbones.
BMW, Ford, GMC, Jaguar, Mercedes-Benz, Scania AB, Subaru and Volvo have each pursued numerous avenues to address this issue, including air suspension and rear axle mechanical devices.
Notes
Automotive suspension technologies
de:Niveauregulierung | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Self-levelling%20suspension |
PO'ed is a video game developed by Any Channel for the 3DO and published by Any Channel in 1995. It follows a cook attempting to escape a hostile, alien world. A PlayStation port was released in May 1996 by Accolade. An MS-DOS version was cancelled.
Plot
A chef's spacecraft has crash-landed on an alien world and must escape.
Gameplay
PO'ed is a first-person shooter using primitive weapons such as a frying pan and a drill, as well as futuristic alien weapons. The player must advance through 26 levels filled with alien monsters. A jet pack can also be acquired to facilitate the player's exploration of levels. When the jet pack is selected, the jump button instead causes the player character to accelerate skyward, and releasing the button causes the player character to fall, accelerating downwards. The physics-based jet pack thus does not allow the player character to naturally hover, though they can maintain a relatively steady altitude by rhythmically tapping the jet pack button.
Development
The developers of PO'ed, Any Channel, was founded in July 1993 by former employees of Sun Microsystems. PO'ed began development in October 1993, initially as a spare-time project. Russel Pflughaupt of Any Channel recalled, "We looked at games like Doom, Marathon, and Dark Forces, and took what we felt were their best elements. But we wanted to get away from the tunnel-based feel of those games, so we made the environments in PO'ed very open, and not formulaic at all."
The team originally wanted to include a motorcycle and a tank for the player character to ride in addition to the jet pack, but couldn't find a way to incorporate their use into the level designs.
On May 23, 1995, The 3DO Company entered an "Affiliated Label" agreement with Any Channel, which granted The 3DO Company the rights to distribute Any Channel's games in North America and both publish and distribute them everywhere else in the world for the next three years, starting with PO'ed.
Reception
PO'ed met with polarizing opinions among critics. Reviewing the 3DO version, Scary Larry of GamePro commented that the game has serious control problems, with the character often careening off edges or failing to turn at crucial moments. He nonetheless concluded that the game sufficiently fills the role of first-person shooter for the 3DO, citing the unique assortment of weapons, aggressive enemy AI, sense of humor, and relatively strong graphics. Maximum summarized the game as the "worst 3D action title ever seen on any format, with the exception of PlayStation Crime Crackers and some early PC public domain games (indeed, the graphics and gameplay are very reminiscent of such past atrocities)." They elaborated that the 3D environments constantly glitch, the floors are untextured, the attempts at humor are feeble, enemies show heavy pixelation even at medium distances, and the controls are extremely poor.
A reviewer for Next Generation noted that PO'ed began as an independent project by a small group of programmers, and said that its "labor of love" nature "is both a blessing and a curse." He elaborated that the game plays smoothly, doesn't limit the player to just walking to get around, and generally stands out from other first person shooters, but that "the meticulously over designed level layouts" and intricate textures often make the game confusing to the point of frustration. He concluded, "It's well done, very well done, but too tricky for its own good."
Reviewing the PlayStation version, most of the four reviewers of Electronic Gaming Monthly felt that PO'ed was a dull first-person shooter with nothing to set it apart from other games in the genre save for its sense of humor, which quickly wears thin. Mark Lefebvre also criticized the lack of improvement over the 3DO version. Mike Desmond, in a dissenting opinion, called PO'ed "an all-around good title that ranks highly among titles such as Doom and Duke Nukem 3D." He praised the detailed graphics, variety of "topsy turvy" level designs, and large selection of weapons. In GamePro, Slo Mo said that the game lacks the terror and atmosphere of games like Doom and Alien Trilogy, but "does a nice job of tip-toeing between fierce and funny." He particularly commented on the aggressive enemy AI and unique weapons. Next Generation said that the PlayStation version retains the bizarre style and overall experience of the 3DO original while making it easier to play, due to better controls and graphics while more clearly delineate the extremely intricate levels.
References
External links
PO'ed at GameFAQs
PO'ed at Giant Bomb
PO'ed at Hardcore Gaming 101
1995 video games
3DO Interactive Multiplayer games
Accolade (company) games
Cancelled DOS games
First-person shooters
PlayStation (console) games
Sprite-based first-person shooters
Video games about extraterrestrial life
Video games developed in the United States
Video games with 2.5D graphics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PO%27ed |
Gil Carlos Rodríguez Iglesias (26 May 1946 – 17 January 2019), was a Spanish judge at the European Court of Justice between 31 January 1986 and 7 October 2004. He was 9th President of the Court from 7 October 1994 to 7 October 2004.
Biography
Born in Gijón, Asturias, Gil Carlos Rodríguez Iglesias had a degree at University of Oviedo, (1968) and doctorate in law at Universidad Autónoma de Madrid (1975). In 1982 he was appointed Professor of Public International Law at the University of Extremadura and he held the same Chair at the University of Granada from 22 June 1983 to 11 October 2003. He spent time as both Judge (6 May 1986 - 31 October 2003) and President (7 October 1994 – 7 October 2004) of the Court of Justice of the European Communities. In December 2003 he was appointed Professor of Public International Law at Madrid’s Universidad Complutense. He was Jean Monnet Chair of European Community Law, Director of the Department of European Studies at the Instituto Universitario Ortega y Gasset (2004–05), Co-director of the Revista de Derecho Comunitario Europeo and member of the Editorial Boards of various law reviews.
He authored a number of publications, particularly on European Union Law, among which are to be highlighted those on State monopolies and the public sector, the judicial application of EU law, European constitutional affairs and the protection of fundamental rights and liberties.
See also
List of members of the European Court of Justice
External links
European Court of Justice Official site
References
1946 births
2019 deaths
People from Gijón
European Union law scholars
Presidents of the European Court of Justice
Recipients of the Civil Order of Alfonso X, the Wise
Grand Crosses of the Order of the Star of Romania
University of Oviedo alumni
Spanish judges of international courts and tribunals | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gil%20Carlos%20Rodr%C3%ADguez%20Iglesias |
Parliamentary elections were held in Greece on 19 August 1928. The result was a victory for the Liberal Party, which won 178 of the 250 seats.
Background
The Venizelists entered the elections as a coalition of five "parties of the liberals" under the leadership of Eleftherios Venizelos. These parties were the Democratic Union (later the Agricultural and Labour Party) under the leadership of Alexandros Papanastasiou, the National Democratic Party led by Georgios Kondylis, the Conservative Democratic Party under Andreas Michalakopoulos and the Progressive Union under the leadership of Konstantinos Zavitsanos. Because he wanted to follow an independent line from Venizelos, Georgios Kafantaris together with some personal friends and various dissatisfied liberals founded the Progressive Party.
The anti-Venizelist movement went into the elections divided as the People's Party, the Freethinkers' Party and a few independent royalists who put themselves up for election. The former dictator, Theodoros Pangalos, stood for election in Athens as chief of the National Union. In addition there were a large number of unaligned and independent candidates. Finally, the Communist Party of Greece entered the elections as the United Front.
Results
References
Parliamentary elections in Greece
Greece
Legislative election
1920s in Greek politics
Eleftherios Venizelos
History of Greece (1924–1941)
Greece
Election and referendum articles with incomplete results
Legl | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1928%20Greek%20legislative%20election |
WSQX-FM is an NPR member radio station in south-central New York State. It operates in Binghamton, New York, on 91.5 MHz (FM), and has an effective radiated power of 3.5 kW. The signal is repeated in Greene by WSQN 88.1 MHz, in Corning by translator station W214AA on 90.7 MHz, and in Cooperstown by translator station W290CI on 105.9 MHz.
WSQX-FM began broadcast at the beginning of 1995. The station had long aired an expanded schedule of NPR news programming, along with jazz music. However, on February 3, 2019, it switched to a mix of classical music during the week and jazz and folk music on weekends, consolidating all NPR news programming on sister station WSKG-FM.
WSKG-TV and WSKG-FM are other broadcast stations owned and operated by the WSKG Public Telecommunications Council.
Simulcast
Translators
See also
WIOX
WSKG-FM
External links
WSQX official website
Other station data
NPR member stations
SQX-FM
Public radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 1995
1995 establishments in New York (state) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WSQX-FM |
WSKG-FM, 89.3 MHz FM, is an NPR member station in Binghamton, New York. It has an effective radiated power of 11.5 kW. Due to hilly terrain, the signal is repeated on several other frequencies located throughout South Central New York State.
WSKG-FM began broadcast in October 1975. Its operator WSKG Public Telecommunications Council is a cooperative non-profit of the State University of New York Board of Regents and New York State Department of Education.
The station's format had long been principally classical music, NPR talk radio programs, and NPR news, with jazz on Friday evenings after All Things Considered and various folk music played on Saturday evenings after A Prairie Home Companion. On February 3, 2019, WSKG shuffled programming so that WSKG-FM took on an all-NPR and BBC talk and news format.
WSKG-TV and WSQX-FM are other broadcast stations operated by the WSKG Public Telecommunications Council.
Simulcasts
WSKG-FM has five repeater stations to rebroadcast its programming
Translators
See also
WIOX
WSQX-FM
References
External links
Other station data
NPR member stations
Public radio stations in the United States
SKG-FM
Radio stations established in 1975
1975 establishments in New York (state) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WSKG-FM |
Halazepam is a benzodiazepine derivative that was marketed under the brand names Paxipam in the United States, Alapryl in Spain, and Pacinone in Portugal.
Medical uses
Halazepam was used for the treatment of anxiety.
Adverse effects
Adverse effects include drowsiness, confusion, dizziness, and sedation. Gastrointestinal side effects have also been reported including dry mouth and nausea.
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics were listed in Current Psychotherapeutic Drugs published on June 15, 1998 as follows:
Regulatory Information
Halazepam is classified as a schedule 4 controlled substance with a corresponding code 2762 by the Drug Enforcement Administration (DEA).
Commercial production
Halazepam was invented by Schlesinger Walter in the U.S. It was marketed as an anti-anxiety agent in 1981. However, Halazepam is not commercially available in the United States because it was withdrawn by its manufacturer for poor sales.
See also
Benzodiazepines
Nordazepam
Diazepam
Chlordiazepoxide
Quazepam, fletazepam, triflubazam — benzodiazepines with trifluoromethyl group attached
References
External links
Inchem - Halazepam
Withdrawn drugs
Benzodiazepines
Chloroarenes
GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators
Lactams
Trifluoromethyl compounds | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halazepam |
2000 Today was an internationally broadcast television special to commemorate the beginning of the Year 2000. This program included New Year's Eve celebrations, musical performances, and other features from participating nations.
Most international broadcasts such as the Olympic Games coverage originate from a limited area for worldwide distribution. 2000 Today was rare in that its live and taped programming originated from member countries and represented all continents including Europe, Asia, Africa, South America and North America & Oceania.
Development
2000 Today was conceived as part of the Millennium celebrations, given the numerical significance of the change from 1999 to 2000. 2000 Today was commissioned by the BBC as one of the five main millennium projects that were broadcast across TV, radio and online services throughout 1999 and 2000.
Most nations that observe the Islamic calendar were not involved in 2000 Today. However, a few predominantly Muslim nations were represented among the programme's worldwide broadcasters such as Egypt (ERTU) and Indonesia (RCTI). Africa was minimally represented in 2000 Today. The only participating nations from that continent were Egypt and South Africa. Portugal-based RTP África distributed the programme to some African nations.
Antarctica was mentioned on the programme schedule, although it was unclear if 2000 Today coverage was recorded or live.
Production
The programme was produced and televised by an international consortium of 60 broadcasters, headed by the BBC in the United Kingdom and WGBH (Now known as GBH) in Boston, United States. The editorial board also included representatives from ABC (Australia), CBC (Canada), CCTV (China), ETC (Egypt), RTL (Germany), SABC (South Africa), TF1 (France), TV Asahi (Japan), TV Globo (Brazil) and ABC (USA). The BBC provided the production hub for receiving and distributing the 78 international satellite feeds required for this broadcast. The idents for the programme were designed in the UK by Lambie-Nairn and the BBC for use by all the participating broadcasters taking part in the event. The linking theme throughout all the idents and promotions was a distinctively shaped stone engraved with the year 2000. The themes were: desert, fire, ice, lasers and water; plus a special BBC News ident.
Up to 5,000 staff worked on 2000 Today, 1,500 of them in BBC Television Centre in West London, where all eight television studios were used during the 28-hour broadcast. Each participant financed and produced its own contributions and shared the core costs proportionately to its size and wealth. It is estimated to have cost $6 million to produce and broadcast.
2000 Today was nominated for "Best Visual Effects and Graphic Design" at the 2000 British Academy Television Craft Awards.
Programme timeline
2000 Today's core international broadcast was 28 hours long, following the beginning of the New Year 2000 across the world's time zones. The programme was tailored by individual broadcasters to provide local content and hosts.
The broadcast on BBC One in the United Kingdom started on 31 December 1999 at 09:15 UTC. 2000 Today started its international feed at 09:40 UTC, with the Kiribati Line Islands celebrating the arrival of 2000 at 10:00 UTC.
Most of Europe celebrated midnight at 23:00 UTC. Broadcasting celebrations from many countries under Central European Time posed a particularly complex broadcast challenge. 2000 Today chose to rapidly air each nation's midnight observances in succession, using tape delays in most cases. This hour of the broadcast included a blessing by Pope John Paul II from Vatican City and the pyrotechnic display of the Eiffel Tower in Paris. ABC 2000 Today however decided to use Paris for its broadcast in the United States while French broadcasters TF1 and France 2 covered the festivities live from the Eiffel Tower. In addition, Italian broadcaster Rai used the pope's blessing for its Millennium - La Notte Del 2000 broadcast.
2000 Today's international feed finished shortly after midnight celebrations were broadcast from Samoa on 1 January 2000 at 11:00 UTC. BBC One in the United Kingdom continued to broadcast with national features until 13:30. Later the same evening, it aired a two-hour highlights programme, The Best of 2000 Today.
Personalities
National hosts
Argentina (Canal 13 – El Día del Milenio)
Mónica Cahen D'Anvers and César Mascetti (presenters of Telenoche)
Marley
Julián Weich
Pancho Ibañez
Luís Otero
Santo Biasatti
Guillermo Andino
Mercedes Sosa and Alejandro Lerner
Lito Vitale
Coro de Buenos Aires
Julio Bocca and Eleonora Cassano
Australia (ABC Australia)
George Negus
Maxine McKew
Deborah Kennedy
Mike Bailey
Andrea Stretton
Caroline Baum
John Lombard
Jennifer Byrne
James O'Loghlin
Daniel Marsden
Peter Thompson
Kathy Bowlen
Brazil
(Rede Record)
Boris Casoy
Eliana
José Luiz Datena
Eleonora Paschoal
Virgínia Nowicki
Dalton Vigh
Fábio Jr
Raul Gil
(BAND)
Otaviano Costa
Márcia Peltier
Fernando Vannucci
Susana Alves
Marcos Hummel
Luciano do Valle
Silvia Poppovic
Canada
(CBC)
Peter Mansbridge (primary host, most hours)
Laurie Brown (00:00–08:00 UTC, with Mansbridge)
Alison Smith (13:00–18:00 UTC)
(Radio-Canada)
At the time, technicians at Radio-Canada were on strike. Transmissions were seen as scheduled, but using only the main feed from the BBC, with a French voice-over. Also, as a consequence, 2000 footage from Canada was scarce on SRC's presentation, while footage from Quebec was not available at all worldwide (though the CBC did manage to get the only Quebec coverage on their own network—a video shot of midnight fireworks in Hull, Quebec, shot from Ottawa, Ontario).
Chile (TVN)
Jennifer Warner
Mauricio Bustamante
Jorge Hevia
Margot Kahl
Karen Doggenweiler
Felipe Camiroaga
Pedro Carcuro
Rafael Araneda
Andrea Molina
Colombia (RCN Televisión)
Claudia Gurisatti
William Calderón
Iñaki Berrueta
Czech Republic (Czech Television)
Marek Beneš
Vladimír Jiránek
Karel Gott
Břetislav Pojar
Pavel Koutský
Jiří Lábus
Ota Jirák
Václav Postránecký
Petr Haničinec
Petr Skoumal
Jiřina Bohdalová
Blanka Bohdanová
Jiri Salamoun
Karel Cernoch
Martin Klásek
Jan Balej
Karel Fiala
Zdenek Miler
Alena Munkova
Jiri Munk
Robert Hájek
Kristýna Květová
Petr Narozny
Josef Dvorak
Jiri Barta
Estonia (TV3)
There was no in-vision commentary or studio used for the broadcast and was aired without commentary between midnight and 6:00 UTC.
Ene Veiksaar (9:40–12:00 UTC)
Lauri Hussar (9:40–12:00 UTC)
Jüri Aarma (12:00–15:00 UTC)
Priit Aimla (12:00–15:00 UTC)
Rein Lang (15:00–18:00 UTC)
Kiur Aarma (15:00–18:00 UTC)
Harri Tiido (18:00–21:00 UTC)
Vello Rand (18:00–21:00 UTC)
Mart Luik (21:00–00:00 UTC)
Märt Treier (06:00–09:00 UTC)
Kätlin Kontor (06:00–09:00 UTC)
Enn Eesmaa (09:00–11:00 UTC)
Finland
Katariina Lillqvist
France (TF1 – Le Millénium)
Jean-Claude Narcy
Valérie Benaïm
Christophe Dechavanne
Carole Rousseau
Jean-Pierre Pernaut
Évelyne Dhéliat
Claire Chazal
Patrick Poivre d'Arvor
Charles Villeneuve
Germany (RTL Television)
Peter Kloeppel
Antonia Rados
Bernd Fuchs
Heiner Bremer
Michael Karr
Birgit von Bentzel
Ireland (RTÉ One – Millennium Eve: Celebrate 2000)
Miriam O'Callaghan
Mark Little
Geri Maye
Pat Kenny
Liz Bonnin
Joe Duffy
Israel (Keshet 2)
Miki Haimovich
Jacob Elon
Italy (RAI – Millennium - La notte del 2000)
Bruno Pizzul
Monica Maggioni
Carlo Conti
Gigi Proietti
Valeria Marini
Clarissa Burt
Japan (NHK - Kōhaku Uta Gassen)
Masato Kubota
Kihachiro Kawamoto
South Korea (MBC)
Sohn Suk-hee
Shim Hye-jin
Mexico
(Televisa)
Ernesto Laguardia
Mayra Saucedo
Marco Antonio Regil
Guilliermo Ochoa
Guilliermo Ortega
Lolita Ayala
(Once TV)
Adriana Perez Cañedo
Jose Angel Dominguez
Sergio Uzeta
Christina Pacheco
Rocío Brauer
Lilia Silvia Hernandez
Netherlands (NOS)
Astrid Kersseboom
Jeroen Overbeek
Kees Prins
Siem van Leeuwen
Philippines (GMA Network)
Mike Enriquez
Jessica Soho
Mel Tiangco
Jay Sonza
German Moreno
Angelique Lazo
Vicky Morales
Paolo Bediones
Karen Davila
Arnold Clavio
Mickey Ferriols
Miriam Quiambao
Ryan Agoncillo
KC Montero
Suzi Entrata
Kara David
Bernadette Sembrano
Luchi Cruz-Valdes
Ninna Castro
Lyn Ching
Margaux Salcedo
Arnell Ignacio
Susan Enriquez
Tisha Silang
Antoinette Taus
Francis Magalona
Dingdong Dantes
Martin Andanar
Butch Francisco
Tito Sotto
Vic Sotto
Joey de Leon
Cacai Velasquez
Janno Gibbs
The Eraserheads
Jaya
Side A
Verni Varga
Poland (TVP2)
Halina Filek-Marszalek
Portugal (RTP)
José Rodrigues dos Santos
Manuela Moura Guedes
Slovakia (Jednotka)
Julius Pantik
Spain (Televisión Española)
Jesús Álvarez Cervantes
Alfredo Urdaci
Helena Resano
Ramón García
Anne Igartiburu
Nuria Roca
Ukraine
Vlad Ryashyn (Inter)
Svitlana Leontyeva (Inter)
Yuriy Makarov (1+1)
United Kingdom (BBC One)
David Dimbleby
Michael Parkinson
Michael Buerk
Peter Sissons
Peter Snow
Philippa Forrester
Jamie Theakston
Gaby Roslin
Huw Edwards
Shauna Lowry
Tim Vincent
Siân Lloyd
Noel Thompson
Kate Thornton
Fergal Keane
Tony Robinson
Jackie Bird
Kirsty Wark
Sian Williams
John Kettley
Dale Winton
Steve Wilson
Emma Ledden
Katy Hill
Alan Dedicoat
John Cunliffe
Ken Barrie
United States
(ABC – ABC 2000 Today)
Peter Jennings
Barbara Walters
Diane Sawyer
Charles Gibson
Elizabeth Vargas
Jack Ford
Sam Donaldson
Connie Chung
Cokie Roberts
Deborah Roberts
Carole Simpson
Morton Dean
Dick Clark
PBS
Various participants
Vietnam (VTV)
Nguyễn Thanh Lâm
Thu Uyên
Music performers
Musical artists were part of the 2000 Today broadcast, including:
Africa
Jean Michel Jarre – Giza pyramid complex, Egypt
Asia
Maki Ohguro – Nara, Japan
Regine Velasquez – Makati, Philippines
Europe
Björk – Reykjavík, Iceland
Charlotte Church – United Kingdom
The Corrs – London, England, United Kingdom
Eurythmics – United Kingdom
Ronan Keating – Dublin, Ireland
Manic Street Preachers – Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
Martine McCutcheon – United Kingdom
Natalie MacMaster – Ireland
Robyn – Sweden
Ruslana – Kyiv, Ukraine
Simply Red – London, England, United Kingdom
Spice Girls – London, England, United Kingdom
North America
Bee Gees – Miami, Florida, United States
Juan Gabriel – Mexico
Great Big Sea – St. John's, Newfoundland, Canada
Kenny G – New York City, New York, United States
Phish – Big Cypress Indian Reservation, Florida, United States
The Tragically Hip – Toronto, Ontario, Canada
Oceania
Split Enz – Auckland, New Zealand
Kiri Te Kanawa – Gisborne, New Zealand
South America
Los Fabulosos Cadillacs – Ushuaia, Argentina
Alejandro Lerner and Mercedes Sosa – Iguazú Falls, Argentina
Lito Vitale and Estudio Coral de Buenos Aires – Perito Moreno Glacier, Argentina
Participating broadcasters
The following nations broadcast 2000 Today. Some nations were licensees of the broadcast, rather than formal members of the broadcast consortium.
Argentina: El Trece
Australia: ABC
Austria: ORF
Belgium: VRT (Dutch) and RTBF (French)
Brazil: Rede Record and BAND
Canada: CBC (English) and Radio-Canada (French)
Cape Verde: RTP África
Caribbean: CBU
Chile: TVN
China: CCTV
Colombia: RCN Televisión
Czech Republic: ČT
Denmark: DR and TV3
Ecuador: Teleamazonas
Egypt: ETV
Estonia: TV3
Fiji: Fiji TV
Finland: YLE
France: TF1
Germany: RTL
Greece: ERT
Guinea-Bissau: RTP África
Hong Kong: ATV
Hungary: MTV (MTV1, selected coverage; MTV2, full coverage)
Iceland: IBC
India: Doordarshan and Zee TV
Indonesia: RCTI
Ireland: RTÉ
Israel: IBA and ICP
Italy: RAI
Japan: TV Asahi
Jordan: JRTC
Lebanon: MTV
Lithuania: TV3
Macau: TDM (possibly also Channel 32 and Channel 30)
Malaysia: RTM
Malta: Super One
Mexico: Once TV
Mozambique: RTP África
Netherlands: NPO
New Zealand: TV3
Norway: NRK and TV3
Oman: Oman TV
Panama: Telemetro
Paraguay: Telefuturo
Peru: Panamericana Televisión
Philippines: GMA Network
Poland: TVP
Portugal: RTP
Romania: Antena 1 (licensee)
Russia: VGTRK and Prometey AST
Samoa: Samoa TV
São Tomé and Príncipe: RTP África
Singapore: TCS, CNA, STV12 and SCV
Slovakia: (licensee)
Slovenia: POP TV (licensee)
South Africa: SABC
South Korea: MBC
Spain: TVE
Sri Lanka: MTV
Sweden: TV3 and SVT
Switzerland: SRG SSR
Taiwan: PTS
Thailand: BBTV Channel 7
Tonga: TBC
Ukraine: Novyi Kanal, Inter, 1+1
United Kingdom: BBC
United States: ABC and PBS
Uruguay: Teledoce and TNU
Vietnam: VTV and HTV
Venezuela: RCTV
Recorded time broadcasts
Longest time broadcasts: HTV (34 hours)
Shortest time broadcasts: VTV (6 hours)
Ratings
2000 Today had an estimated worldwide audience of 800 million people, with an audience of 12.6 million people on the BBC alone.
Soundtrack
2000 Today: A World Symphony for the Millennium is a television soundtrack album of music commissioned by the BBC for its internationally broadcast television special, 2000 Today and released by Sony Classical Records in December 1999. The music was composed and conducted by multi award-winning composer Tan Dun, and performed by the BBC Concert Orchestra, London Voices choir, New London Children's Choir, and a group of world instrument performers from around the world. It was featured on PBS and ABC throughout the promotions leading up to the broadcast and throughout the broadcast itself, providing musical "stepping stones" from country to country, culture to culture, day to night.
The programme's theme song was a cover version of Bob Marley's song "One Love" performed by the Gipsy Kings, Ziggy Marley, Tsidii Le Loka and the Boys Choir of Harlem. This version was released as a single in Europe. "One Love" was performed live by Gipsy Kings as part of the broadcast from Miami, Florida.
Track listing
Personnel
Tan Dun – composer, conductor, producer
Charles Harbutt – engineer, post production
Mary Lou Humphrey – liner notes
Photonica – photographer
FPG International – photographer
Grace Row – producer
See also
ABC 2000 Today, the commercial American broadcast
Millennium Eve: Celebrate 2000, the Irish broadcast
Millennium Live, the supposed nemesis of the successful 2000 Today broadcast
New Year's Eve
References
External links
2000 Today at the British Film Institute
CBC archive of New Year's Eve 2000
2000 Today (BBC) on YouTube
New Year's television specials
1999 television specials
2000 television specials
Simulcasts
Turn of the third millennium
International broadcasting
International telecommunications | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2000%20Today |
Sakastan (also known as Sagestān, Sagistan, Seyanish, Segistan, Sistan, and Sijistan) was a Sasanian province in Late Antiquity, that lay within the kust of Nemroz. The province bordered Kirman in the west, Spahan in the north west, Kushanshahr in the north east, and Turan in the south east. The governor of the province held the title of marzban. The governor also held the title of "Sakanshah" (king of the Saka) until the title was abolished in ca. 459/60.
Etymology
The word "Sakastan" means "the land of the Saka", a Scythian group which from the 2nd century BC to the 1st century migrated to the Iranian Plateau and India, where they carved a kingdom known as the Indo-Scythian Kingdom. In the Bundahishn, a Zoroastrian scripture written in Pahlavi, the province is written as "Seyansih". After the Arab conquest of Iran, the province became known as "Sijistan" and later as "Sistan", which still remains a province to this day in Iran (Sistan and Baluchestan Province).
History
The province was formed in ca. 240, during the reign of Shapur I (r. 240–270), as part of his intention to centralise his empire - before that, the province was under the rule of the Parthian Suren Kingdom, whose ruler Ardashir Sakanshah became a Sasanian vassal during the reign of Shapur's father Ardashir I (r. 224–242), who also had the ancient city Zrang rebuilt, which became the capital of the province.
Shapur's son Narseh was the first to be appointed as the governor of the province, which he would govern until 271, when the Sasanian prince Hormizd was appointed as the new governor.
Later in ca. 281, Hormizd revolted against his cousin Bahram II (r. 274–293). During the revolt, the people of Sakastan was one of his supporters. Nevertheless, Bahram II managed to suppress the revolt in 283, and appointed his son Bahram III as the governor of the province. During the early reign of Shapur II (r. 309-379), he appointed his brother Shapur Sakanshah as the governor of Sakastan. Peroz I (r. 459–484), during his early reign, put an end to dynastic rule in province by appointing a Karenid as its governor. The reason behind the appointment was to avoid further family conflict in the province, and in order to gain more direct control of the province.
During the Muslim conquest of Persia, the last Sasanian king Yazdegerd III fled to Sakastan in the mid-640s, where its governor Aparviz (who was more or less independent), helped him. However, Yazdegerd III quickly lost this support when he demanded tax money that Aparviz had failed to pay.
Arab conquest
In 650/1, Abd-Allah ibn Amir, who had recently conquered Kirman, sent Rabi ibn Ziyad Harithi to an expedition in Sakastan. After some time, he reached Zaliq, a border town between Kirman and Sakastan, where he forced the dehqan of the town to acknowledge Rashidun authority. He then did the same at the fortress of Karkuya, which had a famous fire temple, which is mentioned in the Tarikh-i Sistan.
He then continued to seize more land in the province. He thereafter besieged Zrang, and after a heavy battle outside the city, Aparviz and his men surrendered. When Aparviz went to Rabi to discuss about the conditions of a treaty, he saw that he was using the bodies of two dead soldiers as a chair. This horrified Aparviz, who in order to spare the inhabitants of Sakastan from the Arabs, made peace with the Arabs in return for heavy tribute, which included a tribute of 1,000 slave boys bearing 1,000 golden vessels. Sakastan was thus under the control of the Rashidun Caliphate.
Population and religion
During the Achaemenid period, Sakastan (then known as Drangiana), was populated by a Persianized east Iranian group known as the Drangians. From the 2nd century BC to the 1st century, Sakastan saw a huge influx of Saka tribesmen and also some Parthians, which, in the words of Brunner, "reshaped the region's older population pattern".
The inhabitants of Sakastan were mainly Zoroastrian, while a minority of them were Nestorian Christians.
House of Suren
The House of Suren, a Parthian noble family that served the Parthian and later the Sasanian Empire, was part of the seven Parthian clans of the Sasanian Empire—each family owned land in different parts of the empire, the Surens owning land in parts of Sakastan.
Mint
Under Shapur II, a Sasanian mint was established in Sakastan (mint-mark: SKSTN, S, SK). From the first reign of Kavad I (r. 488–496) onwards, this mint was located at the provincial capital Zrang (mint-mark: ZR, ZRN, ZRNG).
List of known governors
Narseh (240–271)
Bahram II (271-274)
Hormizd of Sakastan (274–283)
Bahram III (283–293)
Shapur Sakanshah (early 4th-century)
Hormizd III (???–457)
Unnamed Karen aristocrat (459/60-???)
Sukhra (???-484)
Bakhtiyar of Sakastan (under Khosrau II)
Rostam of Sakastan (early 7th-century)
Aparviz of Sakastan (???–650/1)
References
Sources
States and territories established in the 240s
Provinces of the Sasanian Empire
651 disestablishments | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sakastan%20%28Sasanian%20province%29 |
The Iran Policy Committee (IPC), formed in February 2005, is a pressure group meant to influence US government policy towards Iran. IPC is made up of former White House, State Department, The Pentagon and CIA officials as well as scholars from think tanks and academia.
Aims
According to its website, the Iran Policy Committee sees the current debate on American policy towards Iran as focused on two strategies: diplomatic engagement with the Iranian government or military strikes. The IPC says that while it believes that both of these options should be considered, it favors the third proposal, namely, working with Iranian opposition groups "to facilitate democratic change." Its support of opposition groups includes support of the People's Mujahedin of Iran (MEK)
Co-chairs, directors, and personnel
The most important members of the committee apart from the President, Prof. Raymond Tanter, include the following:
James E. Akins
Paul Leventhal
Neil Livingstone
R. Bruce McColm
Thomas McInerney
Charles T. Nash
Edward Rowny
Paul E. Vallely
Clare Lopez - served as Executive Director from 2005–2006
References
External links
http://www.iranpolicy.org Iran Policy Committee website
Appearances on C-SPAN
Press Release, "Members of Congress, Iran Policy Committee Meet to Discuss U.S. Policy Options for Iran", April 7, 2005
Foreign policy and strategy think tanks in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iran%20Policy%20Committee |
Ismail as-Sadr () (died 1919–1920) was a Lebanese Grand Ayatollah, a title which is used in Iran and Iraq referring to a Twelver Shi'a scholar who is a fully qualified mujtahid who asserts authority over peers and followers by virtue of sufficient study and achievement of the level of necessary competency needed to obtain permission (ijāza) to practice ijtihad.
Life and family
Sayyid Ismail as-Sadr is the grandfather of the well-known and respected Sadr family. He is the first to be known with the last name of as-Sadr after his father Sadr ad-Din ibn Salih, whose ancestors had been from the Jabal Amel in Lebanon.
Ismail As-Sadr was born in Isfahan, Iran. He is the youngest of five brothers all of whom became scholars of Shia Islam. He had four sons:
Muhammad Mahdi as-Sadr (1879-1939), grandfather of Mohammad al-Sadr (killed 1999), great-grandfather of Muqtada as-Sadr
Sadr ad-Din as-Sadr (1881-1954), father of Musa as-Sadr (disappeared/killed 1978) and Rabab al-Sadr
Haydar as-Sadr (1891-1937), father of Muhammad Baqir as-Sadr and Amina al-Sadr (both killed in 1980)
a fourth son.
He resided in Najaf, Iraq, and became the sole marja until his death in 1338 A.H. (c. 1919–1920).
See also
List of Shi'a Muslim scholars of Islam
References
Sadr, Ismail as-
Sadr, Ismail as-
Iranian people of Lebanese descent
Lebanese ayatollahs
Iraqi Shia Muslims
Al-Moussawi family
1919 deaths
Pupils of Muhammad Kadhim Khorasani | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ismail%20as-Sadr |
The Lotus M90 (sometimes referred to as the Lotus X100) is a concept car that was developed by Lotus using many Toyota parts. Rumors were circulated that it was the initial design for the MKI MR2, but, though sharing an engine, it bears very little resemblance to the mid-engine roadster. The project was the last one overseen by Lotus founder Colin Chapman before his death in 1982.
In 1981, Oliver Winterbottom was brought back to Lotus, after a stint developing the Tasmin for TVR, to design a new car to complement the Excel and the Esprit and bring some profitability to the lineup. The new car was to resurrect the Elan name which had not been used since 1975 and, like the Excel, make use of the company's close relationship with Toyota to use already well-engineered suspension and engine components. Initial designs were a coupé that didn't get much of an enthusiastic response from the board of the company. The project stalled when company founder Colin Chapman died in 1982, as Lotus found itself in financial trouble. David Wickens of British Car Auctions ended up taking a controlling interest in the company, and the project was started up again, but renamed to the X100 (the Elan later being known as the M100). After redesigning the car to be a convertible the go ahead was given in 1984 to make a single prototype. It was built to a high level of finish, but by that time most of the company's engineers were concentrating on the new front-wheel-drive Elan, and the prototype was warehoused at the company's factory. In 1998 it was auctioned off along with several other rare Lotus cars, and sold to a private collector, and shipped to the United States.
The M90 makes use of a front-mounted 1.6L 4-cylinder Toyota engine, as well as a Toyota-built 5-speed transmission and final drive. The suspension uses the same setup as is found in the Lotus Excel. The instrument cluster is from an Opel Monza and the radiator is from an Austin Allegro. The rear lights are borrowed from the Aston Martin Lagonda and the indicators are from the Ford Fiesta. The body is made of fibreglass and the roof is lowered in two pieces. The top is removed separately and fits in the boot, to create a 'targa' style roof, and the rear portion folds down like a typical convertible.
This car is featured in a book released in June 2017 by Oliver Winterbottom titled A Life in Car Design, in which the author provides insight into the design and construction of the M90 along with photographs and related documentation.
References
Lotus Elan M90
M90
Concept cars | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lotus%20M90 |
Fanling Highway () is a part of Route 9 in Hong Kong. It connects the new town of Tai Po and San Tin Highway, passing through Sheung Shui and Fanling on its way. The three lane expressway was constructed between 1983 and 1987.
Alignment
The road succeeds the Tolo Highway at the Lam Kam Interchange where it also interchanges with Tai Wo Service Road West, Lam Kam Road and Tai Po Road. The road then runs to the west of the East Rail line and then passes through the new towns of Fanling and Sheung Shui and diverges from the MTR near Choi Yuen Estate. The road passes through the Kwu Tung area and continues as the San Tin Highway.
Interchanges
{| class="plainrowheaders wikitable"
|+ Fanling Highway
|-
!scope=col|District
!scope=col|Location
!scope=col|km
!scope=col|Interchange name
!scope=col|Exit
!scope=col|Destinations
!scope=col|Notes
|-
|rowspan=4|Tai Po
|rowspan=4|Lam Tsuen Valley
|style="text-align:right"|20.2
|rowspan=2|Lam Kam Road Interchange
|style="text-align:center"|
| Tolo Highway – Tai Po (South), Kowloon
|Southern terminus; continues
|-
|style="text-align:right"|21.2
|style="text-align:center"|7
|Lam Kam Road / Tai Wo Service Road West – Hong Lok Yuen, Tai Po (North), Shek Kong
|Northbound entrance and southbound exit only
|-
|style="text-align:right"|22.7
|rowspan=2|Fanling Highway Interchange
|rowspan=2 style="background:#ffdddd; text-align:center"|7A
|style="background:#ffdddd;"|Heung Yuen Wai Highway – Sha Tau Kok, Heung Yuen Wai Port
|style="background:#ffdddd;"|Northbound exit and southbound entrance
|-
|style="text-align:right"|
|style="background:#ffdddd;"|Tai Wo Service Road East – Kau Lung Hang, Sha Tau Kok, Heung Yuen Wai Port
|style="background:#ffdddd;"|Northbound entrance and southbound exitLocation of Fanling Highway Bus-bus Interchange
|-
|rowspan=5|North
|rowspan=2|Fanling
|style="text-align:right"|23.9
|rowspan=2|Wo Hop Shek Interchange
|style="background:#ffdddd; text-align:center"|7B
|style="background:#ffdddd;"|Pak Wo Road – Wo Hop Shek, Wah Ming
|style="background:#ffdddd;" rowspan=2|Northbound exit and southbound entrance only
|-
|style="text-align:right"|24.2
|style="background:#ffdddd; text-align:center"|7C
|style="background:#ffdddd;"|Jockey Club Road – Fanling, Sha Tau Kok
|-
|rowspan=2|Sheung Shui
|style="text-align:right"|26.1
|Kai Leng Roundabout
|style="text-align:center"|8
|So Kwun Po Road – Sheung Shui, Fanling
|
|-
|style="text-align:right"|26.9
|Po Shek Wu Interchange
|style="text-align:center"|9
|Po Shek Wu Road – Man Kam To, Sheung ShuiFan Kam Road – Kwu Tung, Shek Kong
|
|-
|Kwu Tung
|style="text-align:right"|30.0
|Pak Shek Au Interchange
|style="background:#ffdddd; text-align:center"|9A
|style="background:#ffdddd;"|Castle Peak Road - Chau Tau / Kwu Tung Road – Pak Shek Au, San Tin
|style="background:#ffdddd;"|Northbound exit and southbound entrance only
|-
|rowspan=3|Yuen Long
|rowspan=3|Lok Ma Chau
|style="text-align:right"|30.8
|rowspan=3|San Tin Interchange
|style="background:#ffdddd; text-align:center"|10B
|style="background:#ffdddd;"|San Sham Road – Shenzhen (Goods vehicles only)
|style="background:#ffdddd;"|Northbound exit only
|-
|style="text-align:right"|31.1
|style="text-align:center"|10
|San Sham Road – Shenzhen (Passenger vehicles)Castle Peak Road - San Tin – San Tin
|Northbound exit and southbound entrance only
|-
|style="text-align:right"|31.4
|style="text-align:center"|
| San Tin Highway – Yuen Long, Kowloon (via Route 3)
|Northern terminus; continues
See also
Route 9 (Hong Kong)
Tolo Highway
References
External links
Expressways in Hong Kong
Route 9 (Hong Kong)
Tai Po
Fanling | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanling%20Highway |
Fillér () was the name of various small-denomination coins throughout Hungarian history. It was the subdivision of the Austro-Hungarian and the Hungarian korona, the pengő and the forint. The name derives from the German word (four). Originally it was the name of the four-kreuzer coin. Due to significant inflation that took place after the fall of communism, fillér coins are no longer in circulation. The last fillér coin, worth 50 fillér (0.5 forint) was removed from circulation in 1999. However, it continues to be used in calculations, for example in the price of petrol (e.g. 479.9 forint/litre), or in the prices of telephone calls.
See also
Coins of the Austro-Hungarian krone
Coins of the Hungarian pengő
Coins of the Hungarian forint
Currencies of Hungary | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fill%C3%A9r |
Barry McConnell (born 1 January 1977) is an English footballer who plays for Exmouth Town. He is primarily a right sided defender or midfielder.
Career
Born in Exeter, Devon, McConnell originally came through Exeter City's youth system in 1995, and was a first-team player for almost 10 years, featuring in a variety of positions. He also had a testimonial match against Charlton Athletic in which a host of big names played such as Danny Murphy. Exeter lost the game 4-1 and McConnell did not start but he came on to convert a penalty.
Upon his departure in December 2005, he spent a brief period with Tamworth before moving to Forest Green Rovers whom he left at the end of the 2005/2006 season.
He began the 2006–2007 season with Tiverton Town and had a short spell with Weston-super-Mare before signing an 18-month contract with Dorchester in February 2007, but Dorchester later released him.
In the 2007–2008 season McConnell again linked up with Weston after being signed by new manager Tony Ricketts. This marked his third stint at the club and he featured regularly in the first team. He made over 30 appearances for the club before signing with Truro after the close of the 2007–08 season.
References
External links
1977 births
Living people
Footballers from Exeter
English men's footballers
Men's association football defenders
Exeter City F.C. players
Weston-super-Mare A.F.C. players
Tamworth F.C. players
Forest Green Rovers F.C. players
Tiverton Town F.C. players
Dorchester Town F.C. players
Weymouth F.C. players
Truro City F.C. players
Exmouth Town F.C. players
English Football League players
National League (English football) players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry%20McConnell |
Pinazepam (marketed under the brand name Domar and Duna) is a benzodiazepine drug. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties.
Pinazepam and its metabolite N-desmethyldiazepam are transferred to the developing fetus in utero, but the plasma drug level in the mother is usually significantly higher than in the fetus.
Pinazepam differs from other benzodiazepines in that it has a propargyl group at the N-1 position of the benzodiazepine structure. It is less toxic than diazepam and in animal studies it appears to produce anxiolytic and anti-agitation properties with limited hypnotic and motor coordination impairing properties. Pinazepam is rapidly absorbed after oral administration. The main active metabolites of pinazepam are depropargylpinazepam (N-desmethyldiazepam, nordazepam) and oxazepam. In humans pinazepam acts as a pure anxiolytic agent in that it does not possess to any significant degree the other pharmacological characteristics of benzodiazepines. Its lack of intellectual, motor and hypnotic impairing effects makes it more appropriate than other benzodiazepines for day time use. The elimination half-life is longer in the elderly.
See also
Benzodiazepine
References
External links
Inchem - Pinazepam
Propargyl compounds
Benzodiazepines
Chloroarenes
GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators
Lactams | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pinazepam |
This is a list of diplomatic missions of Austria-Hungary from the formation of the Dual Monarchy in 1867 until it was dissolved in 1918.
For a background to the diplomatic service of Austria-Hungary, including the types of diplomatic representation, see Austro-Hungarian Foreign Service.
History
Austria-Hungary had 110 non-honorary consulates and 364 honorary consulates, for a total of 474, in pre-war 1914. This number declined as a result of World War I; consulates in Italy and the U.S. respectively closed in 1915 and 1917, making up the majority of consulates closed in those years. The number of consulates declined to 307 upon the declaration of war in 1914. This declined to 273 in 1915, 227 in 1916, and 193 in 1917. In 1918, upon the end of the empire, Austria-Hungary had 13 consulates-general, 18 other consulates, a consular agency, and a vice-consulate.
Embassies
France
A diplomatic mission was established in 1679; raised to an embassy in 1856.
14.11.1859–13.12.1871 Richard Fürst von Metternich-Winneburg (1829–1895)
13.12.1871–30.04.1876 Rudolf Graf Apponyi von Nagy-Appony (1812–1876)
05.07.1876–03.11.1878 Felix Graf von Wimpffen (1827–1883)
03.11.1878–19.05.1882 Friedrich Ferdinand Graf von Beust (1809–1886)
25.05.1882–05.01.1883 Felix Graf von Wimpffen (s.a.)
27.04.1883–28.10.1894 Ladislaus Graf von Hoyos-Sprinzenstein (1834–1901)
28.10.1894–10.12.1903 Anton Graf von Wolkenstein-Trostburg (1832–1913)
10.12.1903–20.10.1910 Rudolf Graf von Khevenhüller-Metsch (1844–1910)
23.01.1911–10.08.1914 Nikolaus Graf Szécsen von Temerin (1857–1926)
Germany
A diplomatic mission to Prussia was established in 1665; raised to an embassy of the German Empire in 1871; included also Brunswick (from 1892), Hanseatic cities (Hamburg, Bremen and Lübeck) (from 1893), Mecklenburg-Schwerin, Mecklenburg-Strelitz and Oldenburg.
10.12.1871–03.11.1878 Alois Graf Károlyi von Nagykároly (1825–1889)
27.12.1878–10.10.1892 Emmerich Graf Széchényi von Sárvár und Felsövidék (1825–1898)
24.10.1892–04.08.1914 Ladislaus Freiherr (from 1910, Graf) Szögyény-Marich von Magyar-Szögyén und Szolgaegyháza (1841–1916)
04.08.1914–11.11.1918 Gottfried Prinz zu Hohenlohe-Waldenburg-Schillingfürst, Ratibor und Corvey (1867–1932)
The consulates-general in Berlin, Bremen, Cologne, Hamburg, and Munich closed upon the collapse of Austria-Hungary. In addition Austria-Hungary maintained one or more other consulates in Germany at the time.
Holy See
A diplomatic mission was established in 1691; raised to an embassy in 1856.
13.12.1867–02.05.1868 Albert Graf von Crivelli (1816–1868)
19.09.1868–25.04.1872 Ferdinand Graf von Trauttmansdorff (1825–1896)
25.04.1872–14.05.1873 Alois Freiherr Kübau von Kübeck (1818–1873)
19.11.1873–14.10.1888 Ludwig Graf Paar (1817–1893)
29.11.1888–29.11.1901 Friedrich Graf Revertera von Salandra (1827–1904)
29.11.1901–23.01.1911 Nikolaus Graf Szécsen von Temerin (s.a.)
25.03.1911–11.11.1918 Johann Prinz von Schönburg-Hartenstein (1864–1937)
Italy
A legation was established in 1866 (although diplomatic missions had been accredited to various city states since much before, e.g. Venice in 1553); raised to an embassy in 1877.
16.12.1866–20.12.1871 Alois Freiherr Kübau von Kübeck (s.a.)
20.12.1871–05.07.1876 Felix Graf von Wimpffen (s.a.)
14.01.1877–08.10.1879 Baron Heinrich Karl von Haymerle (1828–1881)
08.12.1879–05.05.1882 Felix Graf von Wimpffen (s.a.)
25.05.1882–09.11.1886 Emanuel Graf von Ludolf (1823–1898)
07.12.1886–07.10.1895 Karl Freiherr von Brück (1830–1902)
07.10.1895–07.03.1904 Marius Freiherr Pasetti-Angeli von Friedenburg (1841–1913)
07.03.1904–04.03.1910 Heinrich Graf von Lützow zu Drey-Lützow und Seedorf (1852–1935)
04.03.1910–23.05.1915 Kajetan Mérey von Kapos-Mére (1861–1931)
The Italian consulates closed in 1915.
Japan
A legation was established in 1883; raised to an embassy in 1908. The envoy was also accredited to China until 1896.
23.04.1871–21.03.1874 Heinrich Freiherr von Calice (1831–1912)
21.03.1874–22.04.1877 Ignaz Freiherr von Schäffer (1821–1892)
26.01.1879–04.03.1883 Maximilian Ritter Hoffer von Hoffenfels (1834–1901)
04.03.1883–18.01.1888 Karl Graf Załuski (1834–1919)
20.06.1888–27.11.1893 Rüdiger Freiherr von Biegeleben (1847–1912)
10.09.1893–05.10.1899 Christoph Graf von Wydenbruck (1856–1917)
31.10.1899–18.11.1908 Adalbert Ambró von Adamócz (1849–1927)
07.01.1909–29.10.1911 Guido Freiherr von Call zu Rosenburg und Kulmbach (1849–1927)
30.03.1912–25.08.1914 Ladislaus Freiherr Müller von Szentgyörgy (1855–1941)
Ottoman Empire (Turkey)
A diplomatic mission was established in 1547; raised to an embassy in 1867.
27.07.1867–03.12.1871 Anton Freiherr (from 1871, Graf) Prokesch von Osten (1795–1876)
10.01.1872–11.03.1874 Emanuel Graf von Ludolf (s.a.)
11.03.1874–present Franz Graf Zichy zu Zich und von Vásonykeö (1818–present)
The consulates-general in Beirut, Smyrna (now Izmir), and Trebizond (now Trabzon), closed when Austria-Hungary collapsed. In addition it maintained one or more other consulates and a consular agency in the Ottoman Empire at that time.
Russia
A diplomatic mission was established in 1700; raised to an embassy in 1874.
18.07.1864–14.04.1868 Friedrich Graf Revertera von Salandra (s.a.)
14.10.1869–11.09.1871 Boguslaw Graf Chotek von Chotkow und Wognin (1829–1896)
18.09.1871–12.01.1880 Ferdinand Freiherr von Langenau (1818–1881)
26.01.1880–20.11.1881 Gustav Graf Kálnoky von Köröspatak (1832–1898)
08.03.1882–28.10.1894 Anton Graf von Wolkenstein-Trostburg (s.a.)
28.10.1894–09.12.1898 Franz Prinz von und zu Liechtenstein (1853–1938)
26.01.1899–24.10.1906 Alois Freiherr Lexa von Aehrenthal (1854–1912)
28.12.1906–25.03.1911 Leopold Graf Berchtold von und zu Ungarschitz, Frättling und Püllütz (1863–1942)
25.03.1911–01.10.1913 Duglas Graf von Thurn und Valsássina-Como-Vercelli (1864–1939)
01.10.1913–06.08.1914 Friedrich Graf Szapáry von Muraszombath, Széchysziget und Szapár (1869–1935)
Spain
A diplomatic mission was established in 1564; raised to an embassy in 1888.
1657-1664 Johann Maximilian von Lamberg
1663-1674 Franz Eusebius von Pötting
1673-1676 Ferdinand Bonaventura I. Graf Harrach
1683-1689 Heinrich Franz von Mansfeld
1689-1693 Karl Ernst von Waldstein
1697-1698 Ferdinand Bonaventura, Count Harrach
1698-1700 Aloys Thomas Raimund, Count Harrach
1700-1725 disruption of relation
18.06.1725-20.03.1730 Dominik von Königsegg-Rothenfels
20.03.1730-03.03.1734 Johann Stolte
03.03.1734-17.09.1751 disruption of relation
17.09.1751-14.03.1752 Georg Adam, Prince of Starhemberg
10.04.1752-21.06.1756 Christoph Bartholomäus Anton Migazzi
...
28.12.1815-22.01.1817 Aloys von Kaunitz-Rietberg
...
23.03.1868–20.11.1871 Ladislaus Graf Karnicki (1820–1883)
10.12.1871–22.10.1872 Bohuslav, Count Chotek of Chotkow and Wognin (s.a.)
12.09.1874–25.05.1882 Emanuel Graf von Ludolf (s.a.)
25.05.1882–10.12.1903 Viktor Graf Dubsky von Trebomislyc (1834–1915)
10.12.1903–23.01.1911 Rudolf Graf von Welsersheimb (1842–1926)
23.01.1911–18.06.1913 Christoph Graf von Wydenbruck (1856–1917)
08.10.1913–11.11.1918 Karl Emil Prinz zu Fürstenberg (1867–1945)
The consulate-general in Barcelona closed upon the collapse of the empire. In addition it maintained one or more other consulates in this country at the time.
United Kingdom
A diplomatic mission was established in 1677; raised to an embassy in 1860.
07.03.1856–08.11.1871 Rudolph Graf Apponyi von Nagy-Appony (s.a.)
08.11.1871–03.11.1878 Friedrich Ferdinand Graf von Beust (s.a.)
03.11.1878–20.06.1888 Alois Graf Károlyi von Nagykároly (s.a.)
18.10.1888–03.09.1903 Franz Graf Deym von Stritez (1838–1903)
28.04.1904–13.08.1914 Albert Graf von Mensdorff-Pouilly-Dietrichstein (1861–1945)
United States
A legation was established in 1838; raised to an embassy in 1903.
1838 Baron de Mareschal
1844–1850 August Belmont (as Consul-General)
25.01.1865–11.08.1867 Ferdinand Freiherr von Wydenbruck (1816–1878)
03.07.1868–12.03.1874 Karl Freiherr von Lederer (1817–1890)
12.03.1874–08.03.1875 Wilhelm Freiherr von Schwarz-Senborn (1813–1903)
23.06.1875–28.08.1878 Ladislaus Graf von Hoyos-Sprinzenstein (s.a.)
25.12.1878–30.10.1881 Ernst Freiherr von Mayr
30.10.1881–09.10.1886 Ignaz Freiherr von Schäffer (s.a.)
21.02.1887–11.10.1894 Ernst Ritter Schmit von Tavera (1839–1904)
11.10.1894–07.01.1913 Ladislaus (from 1906, Freiherr) Hengelmüller von Hengervár (1845–1917)
04.03.1913–04.11.1915 Dr. Konstantin Dumba (1856–1947)
09.11.1916–08.04.1917 Adam Graf Tarnówski von Tarnów (1866–1946)
The U.S. consulates closed in 1917.
For Austrian ambassadors after 1918, see Austrian Ambassador to the United States.
Legations
Albania
The legation was established in 1914 and closed in the following year.
25.02.1914–15.08.1915 Heinrich Ritter Löwenthal von Linau (1870–1915)
Prior to the 1912 independence of Albania, Austria-Hungary maintained missions in the Ottoman Empire which served Albania. There was a consulate in Scutari (Shkodër) which closed upon the collapse of the empire in 1918.
Argentina
The legation in Buenos Aires was established in 1872. The envoy was also accredited to Asunción, Paraguay, and Montevideo, Uruguay.
15.12.1872–26.01.1879 Maximilian Ritter Hoffer von Hoffenfels (s.a.)
26.01.1879–07.04.1884 Otto Freiherr Mayer von Gravenegg
08.12.1884–18.12.1896 Emanuel Freiherr von Salzberg
18.12.1896–30.04.1900 Raoul Fürst von Wrede (1843–1914)
30.04.1900–08.02.1903 Leopold Graf Bolesta-Koziebrodzki (1855–1939)
08.02.1903–06.11.1903 Otto Freiherr Kuhn von Kuhnenfeld (1859–1946)
06.11.1903–09.07.1908 Hugo Freiherr von Rhemen zu Barensfeld (1861–1929)
18.11.1908–26.07.1911 Norbert Ritter von Schmucker
26.07.1911–11.11.1918 Otto (from 1911, Freiherr) von Hoenning O'Carroll (1861–1926)
The consulate-general in Buenos Aires closed upon the collapse of the empire.
Bavaria
A diplomatic mission was established in 1745.
1811-1813 Baron Johann von Wessenberg-Ampringen
1813-1818 Karl von Hruby
1818-1820 Baron Johann von Wessenberg-Ampringen (2nd term)
1820-1827 Josef zu Trauttmansdorff-Weinsberg
1827-1837 Kaspar von Spiegel
1837-1842 Count Franz de Paula von Colloredo-Wallsee
1843-1847 Theodor von Kast
1847-1850 Friedrich von Thun und Hohenstein
1850-1853 Valentin von Esterhàzy
1853-1856 Rudolf, Count of Apponyi
1856-1859 Edmund von Hartig
1859-1863 Joseph Alexander, Prince of Schönburg-Hartenstein
1863-1866 Gustav von Blome
16.12.1866–19.09.1868 Ferdinand Graf von Trauttmansdorff (s.a.)
21.10.1868–25.03.1870 Friedrich Graf von Ingelheim (1807–1888)
04.05.1870–07.12.1886 Karl Freiherr von Brück (s.a.)
12.01.1887–18.10.1888 Franz Graf Deym von Stritez (s.a.)
28.10.1888–24.06.1896 Nikolaus Fürst von Wrede (1837–1909)
24.06.1896–26.06.1905 Theodor Graf Zichy zu Zich und von Vásonykeö (1847–1927)
10.09.1905–04.01.1917 Dr. Ludwig Velics von Lászlófalva
24.01.1917–11.11.1918 Duglas Graf von Thurn und Valsássina-Como-Vercelli (s.a.)
Belgium
The legation was established in 1833.
30.06.1833–22.04.1837: Moritz, Prince of Dietrichstein
04.07.1837–05.02.1839: Bernhard von Rechberg
05.08.1839–10.09.1839: Maximilian von Handel
10.09.1839–20.11.1844: Moritz, Prince of Dietrichstein (2nd term)
03.11.1844–01.01.1850: Eduard von Woyna
19.01.1850–14.01.1851: Philipp von Neumann
13.12.1851–05.07.1860: Maximilian Joseph Vrints von Treuenfeld
17.07.1860–31.07.1867: Charles von Hügel
25.04.1868–22.10.1872 Karl Graf Vitzthum von Eckstädt (1819–1895)
22.10.1872–26.04.1888 Boguslaw Graf Chotek von Chotkow und Wognin (s.a.)
02.11.1888–06.03.1902 Rudolf Graf von Khevenhüller-Metsch (s.a.)
28.04.1902–02.10.1902 Josef Graf Wodzicki von Granow (1844–1902)
06.12.1902–28.08.1914 Siegfried Graf von Clary und Aldringen (1848–1929)
Brazil
The legation was established in 1816.
09.06.1847–12.05.1868 Hippolyt Freiherr von Sonnleithner (1814–1897)
12.05.1868–10.01.1872 Emanuel Graf von Ludolf (s.a.)
10.01.1872–01.12.1874 Hippolyt Freiherr von Sonnleithner (s.a.)
06.02.1875–30.10.1881 Gustav Freiherr von Schreiner
30.10.1881–31.12.1888 Alois Freiherr von Seiller (1833–1918)
31.12.1888–30.12.1890 Rudolf Graf von Welsersheimb (s.a.)
04.03.1891–07.05.1893 Ladislaus Hengelmüller von Hengervár (s.a.)
11.10.1894–29.10.1896 Ernst Ritter Schmit von Tavera (s.a.)
29.10.1896–15.12.1898 Alexander Mezey von Szathmár
03.02.1899–10.09.1905 Eugen Ritter von Kuczyński (1852–1938)
29.10.1905–19.06.1907 Johann Graf Forgách von Ghymes und Gács (1870–1935)
06.10.1907–30.06.1911 Franz Freiherr Riedl von Riedenau (1868–1943)
22.05.1912–11.11.1918 Franz Kolossa
The consulate-general in Rio de Janeiro closed upon the collapse of the empire. In addition Austria-Hungary maintained one or more consulates in this country at the time.
Bulgaria
A consulate general was established in 1879 at the Principality of Bulgaria, which became a legation in 1909 when the independence of the Tsardom of Bulgaria was recognised.
27.06.1879–24.10.1881 Rudolf Graf von Khevenhüller-Metsch (s.a.)
30.10.1881–12.02.1887 Rüdiger Freiherr von Biegeleben (s.a.)
04.05.1887–05.11.1895 Stephan Burián von Rajecz (1851–1922)
05.11.1895–19.01.1900 Guido Freiherr von Call zu Rosenburg und Kulmbach (s.a.)
14.02.1900–11.03.1904 Ladislaus von Müller (s.a.)
29.07.1904–10.09.1905 Karl Freiherr von Braun
28.09.1905–24.09.1909 Duglas Graf von Thurn und Valsássina-Como-Vercelli (s.a.)
24.09.1909–30.04.1911 Dr. Karl Freiherr von Giskra
30.04.1911–09.11.1916 Adam Graf Tarnówski von Tarnów (s.a.)
19.11.1916–24.01.1917 Ludwig Graf Széchényi von Sárvár und Felsövidék (1868–1919)
24.01.1917–11.11.1918 Otto Graf Czernin von und zu Chudenitz (1875–1962)
At the time of the collapse of Austria-Hungary, it maintained one or more consulates and one vice-consulate in Bulgaria.
Chile
The legation in Santiago was established in 1902. The envoy was also accredited to La Paz, Bolivia, and Lima, Peru.
06.12.1902–11.06.1905 Leonhard Graf Starzeński (1857–1919)
29.10.1905–23.10.1906 Dr. Karl Freiherr von Giskra (s.a.)
11.11.1906–16.12.1912 Dr. Johann Freiherr von Styrcea (1867–1944)
16.12.1912–08.11.1916 Laurenz Graf Szapáry von Muraszombath, Széchysziget und Szapár
China
The legation was established in 1896. From 1883 to 1896, the envoy to Tokyo, Japan, was also accredited to Peking.
26.12.1896–27.06.1905 Moritz Freiherr Czikann von Wahlborn (1847–1909)
10.09.1905–25.03.1911 Eugen Ritter von Kuczyński (s.a.)
25.03.1911–08.09.1917 Arthur Edler von Rosthorn (1862–1945)
Denmark
The legation was established in 1691; the envoy to Copenhagen was also accredited to Oslo, Norway, from 1906 to 1917.
16.12.1866–20.12.1869 Ludwig Graf Paar (s.a.)
20.12.1869–10.01.1872 Karl Freiherr von Eder
10.01.1872–19.11.1873 Ludwig Graf Paar (s.a.)
06.02.1874–27.12.1879 Gustav Graf Kálnoky von Köröspatak
26.01.1880–17.09.1888 Karl Freiherr von und zu Franckenstein (1831–1898)
02.11.1888–15.08.1899 Konstantin Freiherr von Trauttenberg (1841–1914)
05.10.1899–06.10.1907 Christoph Graf von Wydenbruck (s.a.)
22.02.1908–23.11.1917 Dionys Graf Széchényi von Sárvár und Felsövidék (1866–1934)
Greece
The legation was established in 1834.
1834–1849: Anton von Prokesch-Osten
1849–1853: Vacant
1853–1854: Franz Werner von Leykam
1854–1856: Hector von Walter
1856–1860: Adolph von Brenner-Felsach
07.11.1860–18.12.1868 Heinrich Freiherr von Testa (1807–1876)
18.12.1868–10.12.1869 Karl Freiherr von Eder (s.a.)
10.12.1869–10.01.1872 Heinrich Ritter von Haymerle (s.a.)
10.01.1872–22.10.1874 Nikolaus Zulauf Freiherr von Pottenburg (1822–1884)
22.10.1874–19.06.1877 Joachim Freiherr von Münch-Bellinghausen
04.07.1877–21.10.1880 Viktor Graf Dubsky von Trebomislyc (s.a.)
21.10.1880–26.11.1883 Nikolaus Fürst Wrede (s.a.)
26.11.1883–26.08.1887 Konstantin Freiherr von Trauttenberg (s.a.)
26.08.1887–01.02.1897 Gustav Freiherr von Kosjek (1838–1897)
16.02.1897–24.07.1903 Stephan (from 1900, Freiherr) Burián von Rajecz (s.a.)
06.11.1903–18.11.1908 Karl Freiherr von Macchio (1859–1945)
25.01.1909–07.11.1913 Karl Freiherr von Braun (s.a.)
07.11.1913–21.11.1916 Julius Szilassy von Szilas und Pilis (1870–1935)
Mexico
The legation was established in 1864, but closed following the execution of Emperor Maximilian in 1867; re-opened in 1901.
18.06.1901–10.09.1905 Gilbert Graf von Hohenwart zu Gerlachstein
23.10.1906–21.03.1909 Dr. Karl Freiherr von Giskra (s.a.)
21.03.1909–30.06.1911 Maximilian Graf Hadik von Futak (1868–1921)
30.06.1911–01.10.1913 Franz Freiherr Riedl von Riedenau (s.a.)
15.10.1913–11.11.1918 Kálmán Kánya
Montenegro
The legation was established in 1879.
18.02.1879-03.10.1883 Gustav Freiherr von Thömmel (1829–1902)
07.10.1883–09.11.1895 Theodor von Millinkovic (1841–1903)
16.11.1895–03.02.1899 Eugen Ritter von Kuczyński (s.a.)
03.02.1899–06.11.1903 Karl Freiherr von Macchio (s.a.)
06.11.1903–10.12.1909 Otto Freiherr Kuhn von Kuhnenfeld (1859–?)
10.12.1909–13.11.1913 Wladimir Freiherr Giesl von Gieslingen (1860–1936)
13.11.1913–05.08.1914 Eduard Otto
Netherlands
A diplomatic mission was established in 1658; the envoy to The Hague was also accredited to Luxembourg.
01.01.1709–01.01.1711 Philipp Ludwig Wenzel von Sinzendorf
01.01.1711–03.09.1719 Johann Wenzel von Gallas
25.08.1725–02.06.1728 Karl Ferdinand von Königsegg-Erps
09.09.1733–01.01.1739 Anton Corfiz Ulfeldt
30.10.1791–26.04.1793 Ludwig, Prince of Starhemberg
03.10.1830–11.02.1835 Baron Johann von Wessenberg-Ampringen
02.02.1849–03.09.1859 Baron Anton von Doblhoff-Dier
17.11.1859–18.09.1871 Ferdinand Freiherr von Langenau (s.a.)
10.01.1872–14.01.1877 Heinrich Ritter (from 1876, Freiherr) von Haymerle (s.a.)
27.01.1877–21.12.1888 Rudolf Graf von Mülinen (1827–1898)
21.12.1888–31.08.1894 Otto Freiherr von Walterskirchen
26.10.1894–30.05.1905 Alexander Okolicsányi von Okolicsna (1838–1905)
10.09.1905–30.12.1907 Otto Graf und Herr zu Brandis (1848–1929)
22.02.1908–23.01.1911 Christoph Graf von Wydenbruck (s.a.)
30.04.1911–24.01.1917 Dr. Karl Freiherr von Giskra (s.a.)
24.01.1917–11.11.1918 Ludwig Graf Széchényi von Sárvár und Felsövidék (s.a.)
At the time of the collapse of Austria-Hungary it maintained one or more consulates in this country.
Norway
The legation was established in 1917.
14.02.1917–02.11.1918 Alexander Graf von Hoyos, Freiherr zu Stichsenstein (1876–1937)
Persia
The legation was established in 1872.
04.09.1872–04.07.1877 Viktor Graf Dubsky von Trebomislyc (s.a.)
13.06.1878–04.03.1883 Karl Graf Załuski (s.a.)
04.03.1883–26.08.1887 Gustav Freiherr von Kosjek (s.a.)
26.08.1887–30.07.1889 Gustav Freiherr von Thömmel (s.a.)
19.10.1890–02.08.1893 Sigismund von Rosty
06.01.1894–10.09.1895 Franz Freiherr Schiessl von Perstorff (1844–1932)
10.09.1895–14.03.1901 Albert Eperjesy von Szászváros und Tóti (1848–1916)
14.03.1901–29.10.1905 Arnold Freiherr von Hammerstein-Gesmold
29.10.1905–25.03.1911 Arthur Edler von Rosthorn (s.a.)
25.03.1911–22.05.1912 Eduard Otto (s.a.)
22.05.1912–03.08.1918 Hugo Graf von Logothetti (1852–1918)
Portugal
A diplomatic mission was established in 1700.
18.04.1857–27.08.1867 Eduard Freiherr von Lebzeltern-Collenbach
25.02.1869–08.07.1884 Alois Freiherr von Dumreicher
22.10.1884–03.03.1887 Ernest Freiherr von Brenner
10.04.1887–26.08.1888 Arthur Weber Edler von Webenau (1840–1889)
01.04.1889–10.09.1895 Emil Freiherr von Gödel-Lannoy (1845–?)
10.09.1895–28.04.1902 Otto Graf und Herr zu Brandis (s.a.)
28.04.1902–10.09.1905 Albert Eperjesy von Szászváros und Tóti (s.a.)
10.09.1905–21.03.1909 Gilbert Graf von Hohenwart zu Gerlachstein (1854–1931)
21.03.1909–10.12.1909 Leopold Graf Bolesta-Koziebrodzki (1855–1939)
10.12.1909–16.03.1916 Otto Freiherr Kuhn von Kuhnenfeld (1859–?)
Romania
A consulate general was established in 1861 at the United Romanian Principalities, which became a legation in 1878 when the independence of Romania was recognised.
23.12.1861–18.12.1868 Karl Freiherr von Eder (s.a.)
18.12.1868–23.07.1871 Nikolaus Ritter Zulauf von Pottenburg (s.a.)
23.07.1871–21.10.1873 Ottokar Freiherr von Schlechta Ritter zu Wssehrd (1825–1894)
21.03.1874–26.11.1876 Heinrich Freiherr von Calice (s.a.)
12.01.1877–28.09.1878 Julius Freiherr Zwiedinek von Südenhorst (1833–1918)
23.10.1878–13.03.1882 Ladislaus Graf von Hoyos-Sprinzenstein (s.a.)
04.11.1882–06.01.1887 Ernst Freiherr von Mayr (s.a.)
22.02.1887–27.09.1894 Agenor Graf Gołuchowski von Gołuchowo (1849–1921)
15.10.1894–12.10.1895 Rudolf Graf von Welsersheimb (s.a.)
04.11.1895–26.01.1899 Alois Freiherr Lexa von Aehrenthal (s.a.)
26.01.1899–05.10.1906 Johann Markgraf von Pallavicini (s.a.)
19.10.1906–25.03.1911 Johann Prinz von Schönburg-Hartenstein (s.a.)
25.03.1911–08.10.1913 Karl Emil Prinz zu Fürstenberg (s.a.)
25.10.1913–27.08.1916 Ottokar Graf Czernin von und zu Chudenitz (1872–1932)
Saxony
A diplomatic mission was established in 1665; included Saxe-Weimar-Eisenach, Saxe-Meiningen, Saxe-Coburg-Gotha, Saxe-Altenburg, Anhalt, Schwarzburg-Rudolstadt, Schwarzburg-Sondershausen and the elder and younger branches of Reuss.
06.12.1859–24.12.1869 Joseph Freiherr von Werner (1791–1871)
24.12.1869–10.01.1872 Ludwig Graf Paar (s.a.)
10.01.1872–26.01.1880 Karl Freiherr von und zu Franckenstein (s.a.)
26.01.1880–16.06.1881 Anton Graf von Wolkenstein-Trostburg (s.a.)
30.10.1881–28.10.1888 Gabriel Freiherr von Herbert-Rathkeal (1832–1889)
28.10.1888–04.12.1895 Bohuslav, Count Chotek of Chotkow and Wognin (s.a.)
04.12.1895–13.11.1899 Heinrich Graf von Lützow zu Drey-Lützow und Seedorf (s.a.)
13.11.1899–06.12.1902 Siegfried Graf von Clary und Aldringen (s.a.)
06.12.1902–10.09.1905 Dr. Ludwig Velics von Lászlófalva (s.a.)
10.09.1905–25.01.1909 Karl Freiherr von Braun (s.a.)
21.03.1909–25.03.1911 Karl Emil Prinz zu Fürstenberg (s.a.)
30.04.1911–08.10.1913 Johann Graf Forgách von Ghymes und Gács (s.a.)
07.11.1913–11.11.1918 Karl Freiherr von Braun (s.a.)
Serbia
A consulate general was established in 1868 at the Principality of Serbia, which became a legation in 1878 when the independence of Serbia was recognised.
27.01.1868–16.05.1875 Benjamin Kállay von Nagy-Kálló (1839–1903)
26.06.1875–08.10.1878 Nikolaus Fürst Wrede (s.a.)
08.10.1878–26.09.1881 Gabriel Freiherr Herbert von Rathkeal (s.a.)
24.10.1881–28.11.1886 Rudolf Graf von Khevenhüller-Metsch (s.a.)
21.02.1887–30.07.1889 Ladislaus Hengelmüller von Hengervár (s.a.)
30.07.1889–10.09.1895 Gustav Freiherr von Thömmel (s.a.)
10.09.1895–18.12.1899 Franz Freiherr Schiessl von Perstorff (s.a.)
09.01.1900–07.01.1903 Karl Freiherr Heidler von Egeregg und Syrgenstein (1848–1917)
07.01.1903–27.06.1905 Dr. Konstantin Dumba (s.a.)
27.06.1905–19.06.1907 Moritz Freiherr Czikann von Wahlborn (s.a.)
19.06.1907–30.04.1911 Johann Graf Forgách von Ghymes und Gács (s.a.)
30.04.1911–13.11.1913 Stephan von Ugron zu Ábránfalva (1862–1948)
13.11.1913–25.07.1914 Wladimir Freiherr Giesl von Gieslingen (s.a.)
Siam
The legation was established in 1912.
01.11.1912–22.07.1917 Rudolf Wodianer von Maglód
Sweden
A diplomatic mission was established in 1682.
26.12.1863–23.03.1868 Ladislaus Graf Karnicki von Karnice (1820–1883)
14.06.1868–10.01.1872 Rudolf Graf von Mülinen (s.a.)
10.01.1872–12.08.1874 Otto Freiherr von Walterskirchen (s.a.)
22.10.1874–10.06.1879 Nikolaus Zulauf Freiherr von Pottenburg (s.a.)
16.06.1879–14.10.1894 Karl Freiherr von Pfusterschmid-Hardtenstein (1826–1904)
26.10.1894–28.04.1902 Josef Graf Wodzicki von Granow (s.a.)
28.04.1902–10.09.1905 Otto Graf und Herr zu Brandis (s.a.)
10.09.1905–21.03.1909 Albert (from 1909, Freiherr) Eperjesy von Szászváros und Tóti (s.a.)
21.03.1909–16.10.1912 Dr. Konstantin Dumba (s.a.)
16.10.1912–11.11.1918 Maximilian Graf Hadik von Futak (s.a.)
Switzerland
A diplomatic mission was established in 1687.
14.08.1868–06.01.1887 Moritz Freiherr von Ottenfels-Gschwind (1820–1907)
26.08.1887–02.11.1888 Konstantin Freiherr von Trauttenberg (s.a.)
31.12.1888–30.04.1895 Alois Freiherr von Seiller (s.a.)
19.05.1895–07.01.1903 Karl Graf von Küfstein (1838–1925)
07.01.1903–10.12.1909 Karl Freiherr Heidler von Egeregg und Syrgenstein (s.a.)
10.12.1909–24.01.1917 Maximilian Freiherr von Gagern (1858–1942)
24.01.1917–11.11.1918 Alexander Freiherr Musulin von Gomirje (1868–1947)
The consulate-general in Zürich closed upon the collapse of the empire. In addition it maintained one or more consulates in this country at the time.
Württemberg
A diplomatic mission was established in 1716; included Baden and Hesse from 1872.
16.12.1866–14.10.1869 Boguslaw Graf Chotek von Chotkow und Wognin (s.a.)
10.12.1869–10.01.1872 Otto Freiherr von Walterskirchen (s.a.)
10.01.1872–10.06.1879 Karl Freiherr von Pfusterschmid-Hardtenstein (s.a.)
10.06.1879–18.02.1884 Nikolaus Zulauf Freiherr von Pottenburg (s.a.)
24.03.1884–28.10.1888 Nikolaus Fürst Wrede (s.a.)
28.10.1888–03.03.1889 Gabriel Freiherr von Herbert-Rathkeal (s.a.)
26.05.1889–26.10.1894 Alexander Okolicsányi von Okolicsna (s.a.)
26.02.1894–24.06.1896 Theodor Graf Zichy zu Zich und von Vásonykeö (s.a.)
24.06.1896–16.02.1897 Stephan Burián von Rajecz (s.a.)
06.06.1897–13.11.1899 Siegfried Graf von Clary und Aldringen (s.a.)
13.11.1899–26.02.1907 Alfons Freiherr von Pereira-Arnstein (1845–1931)
26.02.1907–21.03.1909 Ludwig von Callenberg (1.3.1866–10.8.1945 Teplitz-Böhmen)
21.03.1909–30.06.1916 Thaddäus Graf Bolesta-Koziebrodzki (1860–1916)
11.09.1916–11.11.1918 Albert Graf Nemes von Hidweg (1866–1940)
Uruguay
At the time of the collapse of Austria-Hungary it maintained one or more consulates in this country.
Diplomatic Agencies
Egypt
The diplomatic agency ('diplomatische Agentie') in Cairo, previously based in Alexandria, was dissolved in 1914. The diplomatic representative, although a member of the diplomatic corps, bore the title of diplomatic agent rather than minister.
1883–1886 Maximilian Ritter Hoffer von Hoffenfels (s.a.)
1887–1890 Sigismund von Rosty (s.a.)
1891–1900 Karl Freiherr Heidler von Egeregg und Syrgenstein (s.a.)
1900–1902 Dr. Ludwig Velics von Lászlófalva (s.a.)
1902–1904 Karl Freiherr von Braun (s.a.)
1904–1909 Thaddäus Graf Bolesta-Koziebrodzki (s.a.)
1909–1914 Ludwig Graf Széchényi von Sárvár und Felsövidék (s.a.)
Previously Egypt was a part of the Ottoman Empire, and Austro-Hungarian missions serving Egypt were within the Empire. The British took control of Egypt in 1882, and in 1914 Egypt de jure left the Ottoman Empire.
Morocco
The diplomatic agency ('diplomatische Agentie') was established in 1885 (although there was only a chargé d'affaires from 1885 to 1896) and accredited to the Sultan of Morocco in Tangier; it was dissolved in 1913. The diplomatic representative, although a member of the diplomatic corps, bore the title of diplomatic agent rather than minister.
23.07.1896–18.06.1901 Gilbert Graf von Hohenwart zu Gerlachstein (s.a.)
18.06.1901–13.06.1904 Viktor Graf von Folliot
25.01.1907–21.03.1909 Leopold Graf Bolesta-Koziebrodzki (s.a.)
21.03.1909–30.12.1913 Ludwig von Callenberg (Württemberg-26.02.1907–21.03.1909 -Ludwig von Callenberg (1.3.1866–10.8.1945 Teplitz-Böhmen)
Consulates in Morocco closed in August 1914.
See also
Foreign Ministry of Austria-Hungary
Austro-Hungarian Foreign Service
List of Foreign Ministers of Austria-Hungary
Bibliography
William D. Godsey, Aristocratic Redoubt: The Austro-Hungarian Foreign Office on the Eve of the First World War, West Lafayette, Purdue University Press, 1999.
Jahrbuch des k.u.k. Auswärtigen Dienstes, 22 vols., Vienna, K.K. Hof- und Staatsdruckerei, 1897–1918.
Erwin Matsch, Geschichte des Auswärtigen Dienstes von Österreich-Ungarn 1720-1920, Vienna, Böhlau, 1980.
—, Der Auswärtige Dienst von Österreich-Ungarn 1720-1920, Vienna, Böhlau, 1986.
István Diószegi, Hungarians in the Ballhausplatz: Studies on the Austro-Hungarian Common Foreign Policy, Budapest, Corvina Kiadó, 1983.
Österreichisches Biographisches Lexikon 1815-1950, 13 vols. to date, Graz and Cologne, 1957–.
Diplomatic Representatives of Austria-Hungary
Solving Problems Through Force: The Leadership in Austria-Hungary during WWI
United States Department of State: Ambassadors of Austria
References
Ambassadors
Foreign relations of Austria-Hungary
Diplomatic missions
Austria-Hungary | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20diplomatic%20missions%20of%20Austria-Hungary |
Health board may refer to:
District health boards in New Zealand
Health Board (Estonia)
Health board (Ireland)
Local board of health, in England and Wales from 1848 to 1894
Local health boards in Wales
National Board of Health (Denmark)
NHS Scotland#Regional health boards
New York City's Metropolitan Board of Health | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Health%20board |
The Electric Palace cinema, Harwich, is one of the oldest purpose-built cinemas to survive complete with its silent screen, original projection room and ornamental frontage still intact. It was designed by the architect Harold Ridley Hooper of Ipswich, Suffolk and opened on 29 November 1911.
Other interesting features include an open plan entrance lobby complete with paybox, and a small stage plus dressing rooms although the latter are now unusable. The original Crossley gas engine, which provided, in conjunction with a 100 V DC generator, the electricity for the "Electric" Palace until 1925 is also still present. Unfortunately it is neither practical to restore, or remove, this engine.
The cinema closed in 1956 after being damaged in the 1953 East Coast floods, but re-opened in 1981, retaining the original screen, projection room and frontage as well as much of the original interior. It is now a community cinema and until 2006, when a Wednesday screening programme was introduced, films were shown at weekends only. The building also hosts regular jazz and folk concerts.
The cinema is a Grade II* listed building and in 2009 was removed from the Buildings at Risk Register maintained by English Heritage following structural refurbishment, the completion of which, was celebrated on 15 July 2009.
In November 2006, British actor Clive Owen became patron of the cinema and at his first official visit he helped launch an appeal to raise funds to repair this historic building.
In May 2021 the Electric Palace was used as a location for Downton Abbey: A New Era
History
1911–1956
In the early years of the 20th century the travelling fairground Showman Charles Thurston was touring East Anglia with his Bioscope shows. Such travelling 'moving picture' shows were common at the time, but with the introduction of the Cinematograph Act 1909, which imposed strict fire prevention regulations on any venue in which films were shown to the public, it became effectively impossible to put on a legal film show in a fairground tent. Hence Thurston decided to build a permanent "Picture Palace" in which he could continue to screen films to the public.
In 1911 he was able to obtain a lease on a site in Kings Quay Street, Harwich which had become vacant due to the previous building on the site being destroyed by fire. He engaged the young architect Harold Hooper to design the building, which was to be known as the Electric Palace, for him. Hooper was a dynamic young man of 26 years who demonstrated his imaginative flair with this his first major building.
The Electric Palace was built in 18 weeks at a cost of £1,500 and opened on Wednesday, 29 November 1911, the first film being "The Battle of Trafalgar and The Death of Nelson".
The cinema was an immediate success and continued to be financially successful through WW1 thanks to the presence of Navy personnel in the port of Harwich. However almost as soon as the war was over business at the "Palace", as the cinema was now called, went into decline due to the loss of population from Harwich to nearby Dovercourt and competition from the newer, plusher, cinemas there.
For nearly four decades the Palace struggled on, never doing badly enough to close, but never doing well enough to justify enlargement or a major facelift. The coming of sound in 1930 gave a boost, but it was short-lived. Then in 1953 the cinema was inundated by seawater due to the East-Coast flood of that year, which forced it to close. Although it was dried-out, repaired and reopened, the floods had affected more than just the cinema, nearby housing had also been affected reducing further the local population. This proved to be the 'last nail in the coffin', and the Palace closed after 45 years of operation, following a final showing of the Glynis Johns comedy: "Mad about Men", on 3 November 1956.
1972–present
For the next 16 years the building lay abandoned and largely forgotten until in 1972 it was "discovered" by Gordon Miller of Kingston Polytechnic, who was leading a group of students on a survey of Harwich. He was amazed to find this virtually unaltered relic of the early period of cinema architecture lying forgotten in a Harwich side-street. He was also disturbed to discover that the town council was intending to demolish the entire block of which the cinema was a part to provide additional parking space for lorries.
With the aid of the Harwich Society he obtained a listing for the cinema as being "a building of sociological interest" in September of that year.
This action infuriated the council, and split opinion in the town. The local newspaper carried letters variously describing the building as "a derelict flea-pit of no interest", or as "a potential asset to the town". An unknown wit wrote:
They came from Kingston to survey the town,
and stopped us from pulling the old Palace down.
If they like it so much,
this tumbledown shack,
to Kingston-on-Thames may they carry it back.
For a couple of years the arguments flew, it even made the national newspapers. Meanwhile, Gordon Miller researched the history of the building from the council archives, contemporary newspaper reports and interviews with surviving members of the Electric Palace staff.
In April 1975 the Electric Palace Trust was formed with the avowed aim of restoring the building so that it could, again, be used as a fully operational cinema. The council granted a "repairing lease" to the Trust in May of that year and restoration started, initially using mostly volunteer labour. Later the council was to sell the freehold to the Trust.
The cinema, having reverted to its original name of Electric Palace, re-opened in 1981. The grand re-opening on 29 November 1981, the 70th anniversary of the original opening, was filmed by the BBC for their children's programme "Blue Peter".
The Electric Palace now runs as a community cinema showing films every weekend. Typically, there are five film shows each weekend including matinees. The Sunday evening slot is frequently given over to world cinema, arthouse cinema or classic films, while more mainstream movies occupy the other slots. Special films can be booked for groups such as local schools of relevance to their school curriculum, or societies with a specific interest. Live events include regular jazz concerts and productions by amateur drama groups.
Patrons of the Electric Palace
Poet Laureate, Sir John Betjeman was Patron from 1975 until his death in 1984. Film historian and lecturer on the art of cinema John Huntley was Patron from 1985–2003. The current Patron Clive Owen made his first official visit to the Electric Palace on 10 November 2006 when he helped launch the Electric Palace Appeal.
Entertainment in the early days
In its heyday between 1912 and the 1920s the Electric Palace was the centre of entertainment in Harwich. From the beginning the programmes were full of variety and often the major part of the bill would be taken up with vaudeville rather than films. The venue was regularly played by a wide spectrum of entertainers including acrobats, burlesques, conjurors, hypnotists, impersonators, singers, patterers, knockabouts mimics, dancers and comedians. Notable among this latter group was the young Scottish comedian Will Fyffe who was stationed at Felixstowe during the First World War. Billy Good, who was later the resident pianist, remembered well Will Fyffe's appearances at the Palace and it seems that they were an exception since most of the variety acts between 1915 and 1918 were either juveniles or those too old for active service in the World War.
In the golden age of the Electric Palace society was still fairly rigidly stratified into classes and this reflected in the seating arrangements. Entry to the better seats was through the front entrance foyer, the prices being sixpence for good seats and one shilling for the very best.
The cheaper seats were simply wooden benches and entry to these was past another paybox down an alley at the side. This entrance was known as the 'tuppenny rush.' One doorman remembered the rush being so great that he ended up flat on his back with the children stampeding over him as in a Mack Sennett comedy – and most of them getting in for nothing!
The programme advertisements in the local paper, the Harwich and Dovercourt Standard, of 1912 and 1913 are full of fun and exclamation marks. Great play is made of the superb ventilation, the regular disinfection of the auditorium, the sedate and orderly composure of the clientele, and the exclusiveness of the films.
From the outset the films and vaudeville acts were accompanied at the piano. Billy Good, the pianist from 1920–1922 recalled the very long hours worked by all the staff and particularly himself arduously craning up at the screen from the rather dingy pit recessed into the floor in front of the stage. However, the 'pit neck ache' didn't matter since he was 100% engrossed in the music and loved every minute of it playing two houses every night except Sunday for £1-15s–0d. a week. Billy's career changed course in 1922 when one day a potato chip machine took slices from his fingers rather than the potato. He carried on playing 'with left thumb and little finger 'hors-de-combat' but it didn't take 'old Gilbert', the manager, long to notice the difference. He poked his head over the pit rail and said "You young rascal, you've got a bloody cheek" which under the circumstances was rather appropriate, and possibly literally true. So Billy went off to sea to harden up his injured fingers and when the cinema reopened in 1981 Billy Good, by then in his eighties, returned to the cinema to provide musical accompaniment once again to the occasional silent film.
Operations and finance
Since reopening in 1981, the cinema has been managed by a limited company which is a subsidiary of the Harwich Electric Palace Trust that owns the building. Almost all the staff of the limited company work as volunteers, including the directors, projectionists, managers and sales people. The limited company usually makes a small profit which is then paid over to the charitable trust and thereby used for the maintenance and upgrading of the building. The cinema runs on a club basis and most of the club membership income is used to pay for insurance – one of its chief expenses.
The cinema has no subsidies except for very special events when a grant makes it was possible to present a gala screening, for example of a silent classic with live orchestral accompaniment. The motivation for the project has been the saving and restoration of the building and the renaissance of cinema in a community that had had no cinema for many years.
Projectors at the Electric Palace
1911
The Electric Palace opened with a single projector, probably a Kalee. Soon after a Gaumont machine was provided as a standby. In those days films were short and it was not necessary to use two machines together to allow feature-length films to be shown.
1927
A second Gaumont was installed replacing the Kalee. By this time the two projectors were being used together to allow feature-length films to be screened without a break.
1930
Sound-on-disc playback equipment from "Syntok Talking Films Ltd." was installed to allow Vitaphone films to be screened. The first 'talking picture' shown was Warner Brothers' "The Singing Fool", starring Al Jolson, screened on 10 March 1930.
1931
The Syntok equipment had proved to be unsatisfactory, it was both unreliable and had poor sound quality. Consequently, it was replaced by a new Western Electric sound-on-film sound system. This consisted of standard Western Electric soundheads together with the Western Electric 4A amplifier system. The 4A was the smallest of the Western Electric cinema amplifier systems available at the time and was intended for small cinemas. Two Western Electric 12A full-range horn loudspeakers were employed, hung from a substantial wooden structure behind the screen. The high efficiency of these speakers made the most of the limited output power (about 5 watts) of the 4A amplifier system. At the same time the two Gaumont projectors were replaced by new Kalee model 7 machines.
1956
The cinema closed. The projection equipment was left to its fate in the abandoned cinema.
1972
When the cinema was "discovered" in 1972 the projection room equipment was found to have been wrecked by a combination of theft, vandalism and corrosion. When the restoration began what was left of it was stripped-out and disposed of.
1981
As part of the restoration of the cinema Kalee 'Dragon' projectors were installed. These came from the Admiralty Cinema, Whitehall where Churchill used to watch the rushes of the war newsreels. The lamps were Vulcan arcs from the Regent Cinema in nearby Dovercourt. The sound system was initially driven by a Kalee model 522 valve amplifier. This equipment was used at the re-opening of the cinema on 29 November 1981.
1985
Kalee 20s and Peerless carbon arcs were installed replacing the Kalee Dragons. The projectors came from the Odeon Cinema in Clacton in Essex and the Peerless carbon arcs came from the Regal Cinema in Stowmarket, Suffolk. The Kalee valve amplifier was replaced by a DIY stereo sound system that consisted of two mono Dolby A cinema systems (Dolby 364 with E2 equaliser) which came from the ABC Cinema in Ipswich Suffolk, together with Quad 606 amplifiers and Celestion SR1/SR2 loudspeakers.
1998
With the help of an Arts Council of England lottery grant the projection system was refurbished. Xenon arc bulbs replaced the carbon arcs and new rectifiers were fitted. A new sound system based around a Dolby CP500 processor was installed. This can play films with mono or Dolby Stereo analogue soundtracks as well as those with a 5.1 Dolby Digital soundtrack. The reel arms were extended to take 6000 foot reels and inverters were installed for the drive motors. New Isco wide screen and anamorphic lenses were installed. A Sanyo PLC-XF12B multimedia projector was also provided for use with a computer or for showing DVDs or Blu-ray discs.
2011
Digital projection equipment comprising a Christie CP2220 digital projector and a Doremi DCP-2k4 server was installed. Which can project up to full hd 1080p
Palace Digital Fund
A campaign was launched in 2010 to bring the iconic cinema into the digital age. The cost of the new digital equipment was estimated at £55,000 and the Electric Palace Trust aimed to raise the money by November 2011 when the cinema celebrated its centenary. This aim was realised with the aid of funding from the Digital Funding Partnership, a joint venture between the Cinema Exhibitors Association and the Belgian company XDC, and with the help of grants from local government and other grant-making bodies.
This equipment was first used on the evening of the centenary, 29 November 2011, to screen the new Terence Davies film "The Deep Blue Sea".
The cinema will retain the two 60-year-old Kalee model 20 projectors so that in future, when new releases are all digital, it will still be possible to screen pre-digital-age films such as those from the National Archive of the British Film Institute. Over the years the Electric Palace has built up a very good working relationship with the BFI because it can project these historic films on the class of machines on which they were projected at first release.
Notable visitors to the cinema
Famous visitors to the cinema include:
HM Queen Elizabeth II and HRH Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh (25 November 2004)
British film director Terence Davies (14 December 2009)
Founder and former president of the Cinema Theatre Association Tony Moss (2001)
British actor Kenneth Cranham (2003)
The cinema's patron Clive Owen (10 November 2006) (14 July 2009) (10th April 2022) (7 August 2022)
Michelle Dockery and James Dancy (May 2021) whilst filming scenes for Downton Abbey: A New Era
Su Pollard 21 August 2022
References
External links
Cinemas in Essex
Harwich
1911 establishments in England
Grade II* listed buildings in Essex
Theatres completed in 1911 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electric%20Palace%20Cinema%2C%20Harwich |
The Howard Gilman Foundation is a charitable organization started by Howard Gilman.
Howard Gilman Memorial Park
Howard Gilman Opera House at the Brooklyn Academy of Music
White Oak Plantation in Jacksonville, Florida
References
External links
Foundation
Foundations based in the United States
Organizations established in 1981
1981 establishments in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Howard%20Gilman%20Foundation |
The Exchange Session Vol. 1 is a 2006 album by Kieran Hebden and Steve Reid, recorded in one day at The Exchange Mastering Studios in London. The album contains no overdubbing or editing.
Track listing
"Morning Prayer" – 6:38
"Soul Oscillations" – 14:19
"Electricity and Drum Will Change Your Mind" – 15:45
Personnel
Steve Reid – drums and percussion
Kieran Hebden – electronics
References
External links
Kieran Hebden and Steve Reid - official website
2006 albums
Domino Recording Company albums
Albums produced by Kieran Hebden
Collaborative albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Exchange%20Session%20Vol.%201 |
Freiman Mall (French: Mall Freiman) is an enclosed shopping arcade between Rideau and George Streets in Ottawa, Ontario, Canada, east of Sussex Drive and west of William Street. The adjacent Hudson's Bay department store abuts the Freiman Mall on both its north and south sides, and can be accessed from the Freiman Mall interior in downtown Ottawa.
History
The current location of the Freiman Mall was once a public street called Mosgrove Street, located immediately to the east of the Freimans department store which was adjacent to the ByWard Market and the former Metropolitan department store. The street was later renamed Freiman Street after the department store and its founder, Archibald Jacob Freiman. The Freimans department store was acquired by the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) in 1972 and rebranded as an outlet of the company's (then) "The Bay" chain.
In conjunction with the development of the Rideau Centre across the street, the City of Ottawa agreed in 1981 to close Freiman Street and to lease the land to the HBC for a term of 99 years in exchange for the construction of an enclosed, public pedestrian passageway connecting Rideau Street to George Street and the ByWard Market, to be open 24 hours per day. Under the terms of the lease, HBC was entitled to install three kiosks related to its store within the new Freiman Mall. The company and the city would share operating and security costs, with the city's share based on the proportion of public (non-retail) floor area and the amount of time the mall would be open past the store's operating hours.
The Freiman Mall was officially opened by Ottawa mayor Marion Dewar on May 12, 1983, at which time a commemorative plaque was unveiled within the mall honouring A. J. Freiman and his family.
In order to reduce the city's share of the operating and security costs, the lease was amended in 1992 to allow HBC to encroach into the Freiman Mall with its merchandise displays, as long as a minimum -wide public passageway was maintained. So as to reduce security costs, the lease amendment also allowed the company to close the Freiman Mall during a portion of the night.
References
Pedestrian malls in Canada
Shopping malls established in 1983
Buildings and structures in Ottawa
Shopping arcades in Canada
Hudson's Bay Company
1983 establishments in Ontario | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freiman%20Mall |
Macheng () is a city in northeastern Hubei province, People's Republic of China, bordering the provinces of Henan to the north and Anhui to the northeast. It is a county-level city under the administration of Huanggang City and abuts the south side of the Dabie Mountains. The city's administrative area covers about , and includes some 704 villages and small towns. Total population was 849,092 at the 2010 census.
History
Macheng has a long history, dating back to the Spring and Autumn period as part of the state of Chu, and was the site of the historic Battle of Boju fought between Chu and Wu in 506 BC. It was named Macheng in 598 AD.
In 1927, a major peasant revolt erupted in Macheng, creating a strong base for the ensuing Communist revolution in 1949. More than 100,000 people joined Mao's Red Army under local Generals, Wang Shusheng and Chen Zaidao. A guerilla base in Macheng was eliminated in the Campaign to Suppress Bandits in Dabieshan.
Macheng played a key role during the Great Leap Forward. In an effort to increase crop yields, the local communist cadres began demolishing walls of old buildings, abandoned huts and farm stables where animals had urinated to provide nutrients for the soil. In January 1958, Macheng County was exalted by the provincial party secretary, Wang Renzhong. for reaching a rice yield of six tonnes per hectare. The People's Daily applauded the efforts in an op-ed and labelled it as a 'model commune' which attracted more than half a million cadres in 1958, including Zhou Enlai, Chen Yi and Li Xiannian. Spurred on by the positive coverage, overzealous local officials destroyed more than 50,000 houses in an effort to make more manure which spurred other neighboring counties and provinces to follow. As many as 30–40% of all houses in China were destroyed following this incident during the Great Leap Forward.
Geography
Administrative Divisions
Macheng administers:
Geography of city
The county-level city of Macheng has a total land area of 3,600 km2 (1,400 sq mi). It is located in the northeastern portions of Hubei. Most of the higher elevation portions of the Dabie Mountains is on the northern portions of the city. It is bordered by Henan to the northwest and Anhui to the northeast respectively. The region where Macheng is located is considered as a subtropical area and the Dabie mountainous terrain is mainly to the north and northeast.
Climate
Macheng has a humid subtropical climate (Köppen climate classification: Cfa) with very hot summers and relatively cold winters.
Hydrology
Two major rivers, Jushui and Bashui, flow through Macheng. Both of them originate in Dabie Mountains, and flow into the Yangtze.
Economy
Transportation
There are two railway stations in Macheng. Macheng railway station is on the Beijing–Kowloon railway between Beijing and Hong Kong. Macheng North railway station is on the Hefei–Wuhan railway.
Education
Macheng NO.1 high school
Villages
Xiangqishan Village
References
Google Maps Mangcheng
Willam T. Rowe, Crimson Rain: Seven Centuries of Violence in a Chinese County (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2007),
Cities in Hubei
Huanggang
County-level divisions of Hubei | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Macheng |
Ketazolam (marketed under the brand names Anseren, Ansieten, Ansietil, Marcen, Sedatival, Sedotime, Solatran and Unakalm) is a drug which is a benzodiazepine derivative. It possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, sedative and skeletal muscle relaxant properties.
Therapeutic uses
It is used for the treatment of anxiety and has similar effectiveness compared to diazepam. Ketazolam also appears to produce reduced levels of side effects such as sedation compared with diazepam and the side effects when they occur tend to be milder. Ketazolam is also an effective antispasmodic drug and is used for the treatment of spasticity.
Availability
Ketazolam is not approved for sale in Norway, Australia, United Kingdom or the United States. In South Africa, GlaxoSmithKline markets ketazolam under its Solatran brand name. In Canada, ketazolam is listed in schedule IV of the Controlled Drugs and Substances Act, along with other benzodiazepines.
Tolerance and physical dependence
Chronic use of ketazolam as with other benzodiazepines can lead to physical dependence and the appearance of the benzodiazepine withdrawal syndrome upon cessation of use or decrease in dose. Tolerance to ketazolam's therapeutic effects occurs over a period of 15 days.
Contraindications and special caution
Benzodiazepines require special precaution if used in the elderly, during pregnancy, in children, alcohol or drug-dependent individuals and individuals with comorbid psychiatric disorders.
Pharmacokinetics
Ketazolam breaks down in the blood to diazepam which breaks down to demoxepam which breaks down to desmethyldiazepam.
Warnings
The U.S. Food and Drug Administration warns that in Spain, ketazolam marketed as Marcen may sometimes be mistakenly confused with Narcan.
Legal status
Ketazolam is a List 3 drug under the Betäubungsmittelgesetz, like almost all benzodiazepines in Germany. Ketazolam is a List II drugs of the Opium Law in the Netherlands. Ketazolam is a Schedule IV drug under the Controlled Substances Act in the US.
References
Benzodiazepines
Chloroarenes
GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators
Lactams | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ketazolam |
Mark is a common male given name and is related to the Latin word Mars. It means "consecrated to the god Mars", and also may mean "God of war" or "to be warlike". Marcus was one of the three most common Roman given names.
Meaning and history
Mark is a form of the name Marcus. Mark the Evangelist is the traditionally ascribed eponymous author of the second Gospel in the New Testament. He is the patron saint of Venice, where he is supposedly buried. Though in use during the Middle Ages, Mark was not common in the English-speaking world until the 19th century, when it began to be used alongside the classical form Marcus.
In the Celtic legend of Tristan and Isolde this was the name of a king of Cornwall. It was also borne by the American author Mark Twain (1835–1910, real name Samuel Clemens), the author of Tom Sawyer and Huckleberry Finn. He took his pen name from a call used by riverboat workers on the Mississippi River to indicate a depth of two fathoms. This is also the usual English spelling of the name of the 1st-century BC Roman triumvir Marcus Antonius (Mark Antony).
In other languages
Academics
Mark Adler (born 1959), American software engineer
Mark Azadovsky (1888–1954), Russian scholar of folk-tales and Russian literature
Mark Benecke (born 1970), German forensic biologist
Mark Blaug (1927–2011), Dutch-born British economist
Mark Buchanan (born 1961), American physicist
Mark Catesby (1682–1749), English naturalist
Mark Wayne Chase (born 1951), American-born British botanist
Mark R. Cohen (born 1943), American scholar of Jewish history
Mark Dean (computer scientist) (born 1957), American inventor and a computer engineer
Mark Fettes (born 1961), Canadian Esperantist
Mark Fisher (theorist) (1968–2017), British cultural theorist and philosopher
Mark Z. Jacobson (born 1965), American civil and environmental engineer
Mark Jerrum (born 1955), British computer scientist and computational theorist
Mark Lilla (born 1956), American political scientist and philosopher
Mark van Loosdrecht (born 1959), Dutch biotechnologist
Mark Mazower (born 1958), British historian
Mark P. McCahill (born 1956), American computer scientist and internet pioneer
Mark Borisovich Mitin (1901–1987), Soviet Marxist-Leninist philosopher
Mark Oliphant (1901–2000), Australian physicist and humanitarian
Mark Overmars (born 1958), Dutch computer scientist, creator of Game Maker
Mark Pattison (academic) (1813–1884), English educational reformer and Rector of Lincoln College, Oxford
Mark Ptashne (born 1940), American molecular biologist
Mark Ridley (zoologist) (born 1956), British zoologist and writer on evolution
Mark Satin (born 1946), American political theorist
Mark Sedgwick (born 1960), British historian
Mark R. Showalter (born 1957), American astronomer
Mark Solonin (born 1958), Russian WWII historian
Mark Steedman (born 1946), British computational linguist and cognitive scientist
Mark van Vugt (born 1967), Dutch evolutionary psychologist
Mark Waer (born 1951), Belgian biomedical scientist and university president
Mark Wainberg (1945–2017), Canadian HIV/AIDS researcher and activist
Mark Walport (born 1953), British medical scientist
Mark Weiser (1952–1999), American chief scientist at Xerox PARC
Mark Zborowski (1908–1990), American anthropologist and Soviet spy
Acting
Mark Addy, English actor
Mark Benton, English actor
Mark Burg (born 1959), American film and television producer
Mark Dexter, English actor
Mark Eden, English actor
Mark Famiglietti, American actor and screenwriter
Mark Fishbach, American YouTuber, Podcaster and Actor
Mark Hamill, American actor
Mark Harmon, American actor, producer and director
Mark Herras, Filipino actor
Mark Gatiss, English actor, comedian, screenwriter, producer and director
Mark Indelicato, American actor
Mark Lamarr, English actor and screenwriter
Mark LaMura (1948–2017), American actor
Mark Lenard, American actor
Mark Linn-Baker, American actor
Mark McKinney (born 1959), Canadian actor and comedian
Mark McManus (1935–1994), Scottish actor
Mark Miller (1924–2022), American stage and television actor and writer
Mark Pellegrino, American actor, best known as Jacob in Lost
Mark Proksch, American actor and impersonator. Known for On Cinema and What We Do in the Shadows.
Mark Rendall, voice actor and actor
Mark Robson (film director) (1913–1978), American film director
Mark Ruffalo, American actor
Mark Rylance, English actor
Mark Salling (1982–2018), American actor who was best known for playing Noah Puckerman on Glee
Mark Samaranayake (1914–2000), Sri Lankan Sinhala cinema and stage actor
Mark Seibert, German musical theatre actor.
Mark A. Sheppard, actor best known as Crowley on Supernatural.
Mark Allen Shepherd, actor
Marc Singer, American actor known for his role as Beastmaster and starring in the mini-series V
Mark Strickson, English actor
Mark Sinclair (better known as Vin Diesel), American actor, writer, director and producer
Mark Wahlberg (born 1971), actor, previously known as musician Marky Mark
Mark Williams (actor), British actor, comedian and scriptwriter
Mark Womack (British actor) (born 1960)
Mark Zakharov, Russian director and screenwriter
Arts
Mark Heyes, British fashion presenter
Mark Kermode, film critic
Mark Kostabi, Estonian-American artist
Mark Rothko, abstract-expressionist painter
Mark Ryden, pop-surrealist painter
Mark Steel, British satirical comedian
Mark Tobey, American abstract expressionist painter
Mark Tompkins (dancer), artist, dancer and choreographer of contemporary dance
Mark Tremonti (American musician and singer, in rock bands Alter Bridge, Tremonti and founding member of Creed)
Business
Mark Cuban, American entrepreneur
Mark Leiter (businessman), Executive Vice President at Nielsen
Mark Loughridge, Vice-President of IBM
Mark Morton (businessman), co-founder of Morton Salt
Mark Shepherd (businessman), chairman and chief executive officer of Texas Instruments
Mark Shuttleworth, South African entrepreneur
Mark Zuckerberg, founder and CEO of Facebook
Christianity
Mark the Evangelist, one of the gospel writers of the life of Jesus
Marcus I of Byzantium, bishop of Byzantium from 198 to 211 AD
Pope Mark, pope of the Catholic Church
Mark Ibn Kunbar, twelfth-century Coptic priest and preacher
Mark of Ephesus, 15th century Archbishop of Ephesus, Opponent of the Union of Florence
Patriarch Mark II of Constantinople, reigned from 1465 to 1466
Literature
Mark Z. Danielewski (born 1966), American novelist
Mark Lynas, British author, journalist and environmental activist
Mark Shepherd (novelist), author of several novels in the fantasy genre
Mark Shulman (author), American children's author
Mark Andrew Smith, American graphic novelist
Mark Twain, pen name of American author Samuel Langhorne Clemens
Mark Van Doren, American poet and literary critic
Mark Waid, American comic book writer
Music
Mark Balderas, keyboardist for the alternative rock band Human Drama
Mark Bautista, Filipino singer
Mark "Moke" Bistany, former drummer for Otep, Puddle of Mudd and Against All Will
Mark Farner, American musician
Mark Feehily, Irish singer in pop group Westlife
Mark Gasser, British concert pianist
Mark "Barney" Greenway singer in British band Napalm Death
Mark Hoppus, singer/bassist for the rock bands blink-182 and +44
Mark Jansen, Dutch guitarist, singer, songwriter for Epica
Mark Knopfler, British musician, member of Dire Straits,
Mark Lanegan, lead singer of American grunge band Screaming Trees
Mark Lee, Canadian-Korean rapper of South Korean band NCT
Mark Linkous, singer from American band Sparklehorse
Mark McClelland, bass guitarist for Little Doses, previously for Snow Patrol
Mark McGrath, singer of American rock band Sugar Ray
Mark Mendoza, American bass guitarist
Mark Morrison (born 1972), German-born British R&B singer
Mark Morton (guitarist), guitarist from American band Lamb of God
Mark Mothersbaugh, American composer, co-founder of Devo
Mark Owen, British singer-songwriter, member of pop band Take That
Mark Peddle, Canadian musician
Mark Refoy, guitarist for Spiritualized, Slipstream, Pet Shop Boys
Mark Ronson, British-American music performer, producer and DJ
Mark Sandman, American musician, ex-member of bands Morphine and Treat Her Right
Mark Schultz, American contemporary Christian singer
Mark Sheehan (1976–2023), guitarist for The Script
Mark Slaughter, American musician, singer and songwriter for hard rock band Slaughter
Mark Speer, American guitarist and founder of Khruangbin
Mark Stoermer, American musician and member of The Killers
Mark Stuart (musician), vocals for Christian band Audio Adrenaline
Mark Swed, American music critic, chief classical music critic of the Los Angeles Times since 1996
Mark Tuan, American-Taiwanese member of South Korean band GOT7
Mark Vincent, Australian opera singer
Marky Mark, American rapper, now goes by Mark Wahlberg
Mark Wells (musician), Australian guitarist and musician, ex-member of The Ronnie Wood Band and Twenty Two Hundred
Mark Richardson (musician), UK Singer songwriter based in Japan with the electro outfit Age of Jets
Politics
Mark Diamond Addy, Ghanaian politician
Mark Antony, Roman politician and general
Mark Collett, British political activist
Mark Dayton, former governor and U.S. senator from Minnesota
Mark Demesmaeker, Belgian politician and MEP
Mark Eyskens, Belgian economist, Prime Minister of Belgium in 1981
Mark Gidley, Member of the Alabama House of Representatives
Mark Herring, American politician and current Attorney General of Virginia
Mark Kelly, American politician and astronaut; current U.S. senator from Arizona
Mark Latham, Australian politician
Mark McGowan, Australian politician, Premier of Western Australia
Mark Persaud, Canadian lawyer
Mark Pollard, Falkland Islands politician
Mark Pryor, American lawyer, politician
Mark Ricks, American politician
Mark Rutte, Minister-President of the Netherlands
Mark M. Shelton, American politician
Mark Shepard, Vermont state senator
Mark Shirey, member of the Alabama House of Representatives
Mark Snoeren, member of the Dutch House of Representatives
Mark Spencer, British Member of Parliament
Mark Squilla, Philadelphia city councilman
Mark Tisdel, Michigan state representative
Mark Villar, Filipino politician and businessman
Mark Warner, former governor of and current U.S. senator from Virginia
Sports
Mark Allen (snooker player), Northern Irish snooker player
Mark Andrews (American football) (born 1996), American football player
Mark Beck (born 1994), footballer
Mark Belanger (1944–1998), American baseball player
Mark Bell (ice hockey), Canadian ice hockey player
Mark Bellhorn, American baseball player
Mark Berger (judoka), Canadian Olympic silver & bronze heavyweight judoka
Mark van Bommel, Dutch footballer
Mark Bott (born 1986), English cricketer
Mark Boucher, South African cricketer
Mark Bresciano, Australian soccer player
Mark Brunell, American football player
Mark Buehrle, American baseball player
Mark Calaway, American professional wrestler who uses the stage name "The Undertaker"
Mark Canha (born 1989), American baseball player
Mark Casale, American football player
Mark Cavendish, professional racing cyclist
Mark Chatfield, American breaststroke swimmer
Mark Clear (born 1956), American baseball player
Mark Cohon, Canadian Football League Commissioner
Mark Dale, English cricketer
Mark Dean (swimmer), American swimmer
Mark DeRosa, American baseball player
Mark de Vries (born 1975), Dutch footballer
Mark Didio, American football player
Mark Dismore, American indycar driver
Mark Dusbabek, American football player
Mark Donohue, American racing driver
Mark Ealham, English cricketer
Mark Ellis (baseball), American baseball player
Mark Evans (rower), Canadian rower
Mark Few (born 1962), American basketball coach
Mark Fidrych (1954–2009), American baseball player
Mark-Jan Fledderus (born 1982), Dutch footballer
Mark Forsythe, Northern Irish long jumper
Mark Friedman (born 1995), Canadian National Hockey League player
Mark Garner, Australian track and field sprinter
Mark Gilbert, American Major League Baseball player, and US Ambassador
Mark Gilbert (American football) (born 1997), American football player
Mark Giordano, Canadian ice hockey player
Mark Gorski, American track cyclist and cycling manager
Mark Guy, American football player
Mark Henry, American weightlifter and professional wrestler
Mark Hughes, Welsh football manager and former player
Mark Huizinga (born 1973), Dutch judoka
Mark Hunt, New Zealand mixed martial artist
Mark Inglis (born 1959), New Zealand mountaineer
Mark Ingram Sr. (born 1965), American football player
Mark Ingram II (born 1989), American football player
Mark Jindrak, American professional wrestler
Mark Kafentzis, American football player
Mark Kellar, American football player
Mark Kennedy (footballer, born 1976), Irish footballer
Mark Koenig (1904–1993), American baseball player
Mark Lapidus (born 1995), Estonian chess player
Mark Lazarus (born 1938), English soccer player
Mark Lyons, American basketball player in Israeli Basketball Premier League
Mark Major, Canadian ice hockey player
Mark Mangino (born 1956), American football coach
Mark Martin (born 1959), NASCAR driver
Mark McGwire (born 1963), American baseball player
Mark Messier (born 1961), Canadian retired hockey player
Mark Midler (1931-2012), Soviet two-time Olympic champion foil fencer
Mark Mulder, American baseball player
Mark Nenow, American long-distance runner
Mark Noble, English footballer
Mark O'Meara (born 1957), American professional golfer
Mark Otten (born 1985), Dutch footballer
Mark Paré, Canadian NHL official
Mark Payton (born 1991), American professional baseball player
Mark Phillips, British Olympic gold-medal horseman
Mark Pinger, German swimmer
Mark Price, American basketball player
Mark Rakita (born 1938), Soviet two-time Olympic champion saber fencer
Mark Recchi, Canadian hockey player
Mark Reid (born 1961), Scottish footballer
Mark Richt (born 1960), American football coach
Mark Ricks (gridiron football), American football player
Mark Robinson (darts player), English darts player
Mark Roth (1951–2021), American pro bowler
Mark Robins, English football manager and former player
Mark Roopenian, American football player
Mark Rypien, American football player
Mark Sanchez American football player
Mark Sanford (basketball) American basketball player
Mark Selby, English professional snooker and pool player
Mark Shapiro (sports executive), American baseball executive
Mark Siebeck, German volleyball player
Mark Simoneau, American football player
Mark Sloan (wrestler), British wrestler
Mark Spitz (born 1950), American nine-time Olympic champion swimmer
Mark Stanforth, American marathon runner and coach
Mark Stephney, Montserratian cricketer
Mark Stone (ice hockey), Canadian ice hockey player
Mark Streit, Swiss professional ice hockey defenceman
Mark Švets, Estonian footballer
Mark Taimanov, Soviet Russian chess player
Mark Teixeira, professional baseball player (MLB)
Mark Thorson, American football player
Mark Todd (equestrian), New Zealand equestrian
Mark Tollefsen (born 1992), American basketball player in Israeli Basketball Premier League
Mark Travers (born 1999), Irish footballer
Mark Traynowicz, American football player
Mark Trueman (born 1988), English football manager and former player
Mark Tuitert (born 1980), Dutch speed skater
Mark Turenshine (1944-2016), American-Israeli basketball player
Mark van der Zijden (born 1973), Dutch swimmer
Mark Veens (born 1978), Dutch swimmer
Mark Veldmate, Dutch footballer
Mark Viduka, Australian soccer player
Mark Vital (born 1996), American basketball and football player
Mark Walsh (darts player), professional darts player
Mark Walton (American football) (born 1997), American football player
Mark Ward (footballer born 1982), English footballer
Mark Warnecke, German swimmer
Mark Waugh (born 1965), Australian test cricketer (1991–2002) and twin brother of Steve Waugh
Mark Webber (born 1976), Australian Formula 1 driver
Mark Wiebe (born 1957), American professional golfer
Mark Williams (snooker player), Welsh professional snooker player
Mark Worthington, Australian basketball player
Mark Wotte (born 1960), Dutch football manager and former player
Crime
Mark Asay (1964–2017), American spree killer
Mark Barton (1955–1999), perpetrator of the 1999 Atlanta day trading firm shootings
Mark David Chapman (born 1955), American assassin of John Lennon
Mark William Cunningham (born 1960), American serial killer
Mark Essex (1949–1973), American serial killer/mass murderer
Mark Fellows (1980) English hitman convicted of killing John Kinsella and Paul Massey
Mark Goudeau (born 1964), American serial killer, rapist, and kidnapper
Mark R. Hobson (born 1969), British spree killer
Mark Hofmann (born 1954), American counterfeiter and spree killer
Mark Martin (born 1979), British serial killer
Mark J. Newton, convicted child sexual abuser
Mark Rowntree (born 1956), British spree killer
Mark Smich (born 1987), Canadian serial killer
Mark Alan Smith (born 1949), American serial killer
Mark Anthony Stroman (1969–2011), American spree killer
Mark Twitchell (born 1979), Canadian murderer
Mark Winger (born 1962), American murderer
Other professions
Mark Codman, American slave executed in 1755
Mark N. Brown (born 1951), American astronaut
Mark of Cornwall, king of Kernow in the early 6th century
W. Mark Felt (1913–2008), American FBI official known as Deep Throat
Mark Fischbach, (a.k.a. Markiplier) American YouTuber known as "Markiplier"
Mark Frerichs (born 1962), American civil engineer and former US Navy diver who disappeared in 2020
Mark Hulsbeck, American aquanaut
Mark Labbett, English TV personality
Mark Meechan, Scottish YouTuber
Mark Newhouse (born 1985), American professional poker player
Mark Salazar, Filipino journalist
Mark Uytterhoeven, Belgian television presenter
Fictional characters
Mark The Dj, a character from the 2010 dramatic/romantic musical film Burlesque
Mark the Minion, a character from the 2010 animated film Despicable Me
Mark Antony, a fictional representation of the person from the film Cleopatra
Mark Baker, a character from the 2003 film Cheaper by the Dozen
Mark Brendanawicz, a character from the NBC comedy television series Parks and Recreation
Mark Brennan and Mark Gottlieb, fictional characters from the Australian soap opera Neighbours
Mark David Chapman, a fictional representation of the person in fictional works
Mark Chang, a character from the television series The Fairly OddParents
Mark Clark, a character from the 1967 film Far from the Madding Crowd
Mark Corrigan, a character in the British sitcom Peep Show
Mark Dalton, character from the ABC Daytime soap opera, All My Children
Mark Donovan, a character from the television series The Inbetweeners
Mark Del Figgalo, a character from the 2008 short comedy film Zoey 101: Behind the Scenes
Mark Foster, a character in the American TV sitcom Step by Step
Mark Fowler, a character from the British BBC soap opera EastEnders
Mark Gordon, a character in the American fantasy drama television series Highway to Heaven
Mark Grayson, also known by his superhero alias Invincible, a character from the comic series of the same name
Mark Greene, a fictional character from the American medical drama series ER
Mark Halliday, a character from the 1954 film Dial M for Murder
Mark Hanna, a character from the 2013 film The Wolf of Wall Street
Mark Haskins, a character from the 2006 American sports drama film Glory Road
Mark Healy, a character in the American sitcom television series Roseanne
Mark Hoffman, fictional character and the secondary antagonist of the Saw franchise
Mark Hogan, a character in the American sitcom television series The Hogan Family
Mark Taylor Jackson, a character from the 2009 American film Funny People
Mark Jennings, a character from the 1985 film That Was Then, This Is Now
Mark Loring, a character from the 2007 American comedy drama film Juno
Mark "Skid" McCormick, a character in the American action crime drama television series Hardcastle and McCormick
Mark Randell, a character in the Canadian-produced sitcom Learning the Ropes
Mark Renton, a character from the 1996 British film Trainspotting
Mark Scout, a character from the 2022 American science-fiction drama television series Severance
Mark Simon, a character in the 1998 American science-fiction disaster movie Deep Impact
Mark Everett Sloan, a character from the ABC medical drama television series Grey's Anatomy
Mark Thackeray, a character from the 1967 film To Sir, with Love
Mark "Toad Boy", a character in the 1985 American horror comedy movie Ghoulies
Mark Wells, a fictional representation of the hockey player
Mark Williams, a character from the BBC medical drama Holby City
Mark Wylde, a character from the British ITV soap opera, Emmerdale
Mark Zuckerberg, a fictional representation of the person from the 2010 film The Social Network
Disambiguation pages
Mark Adams (disambiguation)
Mark Alexander (disambiguation)
Mark Allen (disambiguation)
Mark Anderson (disambiguation)
Mark Andrews (disambiguation)
Mark Anthony (disambiguation)
Mark Armstrong (disambiguation)
Mark Arnold (disambiguation)
Mark Atkins (disambiguation)
Mark Atkinson (disambiguation)
Mark Austin (disambiguation)
Mark Bailey (disambiguation)
Mark Baker (disambiguation)
Mark Baldwin (disambiguation)
Mark Bamford (disambiguation)
Mark Barnett (disambiguation)
Mark Barry (disambiguation)
Mark Beard (disambiguation)
Mark Beaumont (disambiguation)
Mark Beech (disambiguation)
Mark Beers (disambiguation)
Mark Bell (disambiguation)
Mark Bennett (disambiguation)
Mark Benson (disambiguation)
Mark Berger (disambiguation)
Mark Berry (disambiguation)
Mark Beyer (disambiguation)
Mark Birch (disambiguation)
Mark Blake (disambiguation)
Mark Bond (disambiguation)
Mark Bowden (disambiguation)
Mark Bowen (disambiguation)
Mark Boyle (disambiguation)
Mark Bradley (disambiguation)
Mark Bradshaw (disambiguation)
Mark Brandenburg (disambiguation)
Mark Brennan (disambiguation)
Mark Brewer (disambiguation)
Mark Bridges (disambiguation)
Mark Bright (disambiguation)
Mark Brooks (disambiguation)
Mark Brown (disambiguation)
Mark Browne (disambiguation)
Mark Bryant (disambiguation)
Mark Buckingham (disambiguation)
Mark Bunn (disambiguation)
Mark Burgess (disambiguation)
Mark Burnett (disambiguation)
Mark Burns (disambiguation)
Mark Burstein (disambiguation)
Mark Burton (disambiguation)
Mark Cairns (disambiguation)
Mark Cameron (disambiguation)
Mark Campbell (disambiguation)
Mark Canning (disambiguation)
Mark Carlson (disambiguation)
Mark Carrier (disambiguation)
Mark Carrington (disambiguation)
Mark Carroll (disambiguation)
Mark Carter (disambiguation)
Mark Casey (disambiguation)
Mark Chamberlain (disambiguation)
Mark Chapman (disambiguation)
Mark Christensen (disambiguation)
Mark Christopher (disambiguation)
Mark Chua (disambiguation)
Mark Clark (disambiguation)
Mark Clayton (disambiguation)
Mark Cleary (disambiguation)
Mark Cohen (disambiguation)
Mark Collet (disambiguation)
Mark Collins (disambiguation)
Mark Cooper (disambiguation)
Mark Corrigan (disambiguation)
Mark Costello (disambiguation)
Mark Cousins (disambiguation)
Mark Cox (disambiguation)
Mark Coyne (disambiguation)
Mark Cross (disambiguation)
Mark Cullen (disambiguation)
Mark Currie (disambiguation)
Mark Curry (disambiguation)
Mark Curtis (disambiguation)
Mark Dalton (disambiguation)
Mark Daly (disambiguation)
Mark Davies (disambiguation)
Mark Davis (disambiguation)
Mark Dawson (disambiguation)
Mark Day (disambiguation)
Mark DeSantis (disambiguation)
Mark Dean (disambiguation)
Mark Delaney (disambiguation)
Mark Dempsey (disambiguation)
Mark Devlin (disambiguation)
Mark Dickson (disambiguation)
Mark Donald (disambiguation)
Mark Donovan (disambiguation)
Mark Draper (disambiguation)
Mark Driscoll (disambiguation)
Mark Duffy (disambiguation)
Mark Duncan (disambiguation)
Mark Eaton (disambiguation)
Mark Edwards (disambiguation)
Mark Elliot (disambiguation)
Mark Elliott (disambiguation)
Mark Ellis (disambiguation)
Mark English (disambiguation)
Mark Epstein (disambiguation)
Mark Estrin (disambiguation)
Mark Evans (disambiguation)
Mark Everett (disambiguation)
Mark Farrell (disambiguation)
Mark Feldman (disambiguation)
Mark Fellows (disambiguation)
Mark Feltham (disambiguation)
Mark Ferguson (disambiguation)
Mark Fields (disambiguation)
Mark Fischer (disambiguation)
Mark Fisher (disambiguation)
Mark Fitzgerald (disambiguation)
Mark Flanagan (disambiguation)
Mark Fletcher (disambiguation)
Mark Flood (disambiguation)
Mark Ford (disambiguation)
Mark Forster (disambiguation)
Mark Foster (disambiguation)
Mark Fowler (disambiguation)
Mark Fox (disambiguation)
Mark Francis (disambiguation)
Mark Fraser (disambiguation)
Mark Frith (disambiguation)
Mark Frost (disambiguation)
Mark Fuller (disambiguation)
Mark Gardner (disambiguation)
Mark George (disambiguation)
Mark Gertler (disambiguation)
Mark Gillespie (disambiguation)
Mark Gold (disambiguation)
Mark Goodwin (disambiguation)
Mark Gordon (disambiguation)
Mark Gottlieb (disambiguation)
Mark Graham (disambiguation)
Mark Grant (disambiguation)
Mark Gray (disambiguation)
Mark Green (disambiguation)
Mark Greene (disambiguation)
Mark Griffin (disambiguation)
Mark Gross (disambiguation)
Mark Hall (disambiguation)
Mark Hallett (disambiguation)
Mark Hamilton (disambiguation)
Mark Hammond (disambiguation)
Mark Hanna (disambiguation)
Mark Hansen (disambiguation)
Mark Hanson (disambiguation)
Mark Hardy (disambiguation)
Mark Harman (disambiguation)
Mark Harper (disambiguation)
Mark Harrington (disambiguation)
Mark Harris (disambiguation)
Mark Harrison (disambiguation)
Mark Hatton (disambiguation)
Mark Hawthorne (disambiguation)
Mark Hayes (disambiguation)
Mark Healy (disambiguation)
Mark Helfrich (disambiguation)
Mark Henderson (disambiguation)
Mark Henry (disambiguation)
Mark Herring (disambiguation)
Mark Higgins (disambiguation)
Mark Hildreth (disambiguation)
Mark Hill (disambiguation)
Mark Hilton (disambiguation)
Mark Hoffman (disambiguation)
Mark Hogan (disambiguation)
Mark Holden (disambiguation)
Mark Hollis (disambiguation)
Mark Holmes (disambiguation)
Mark Hopkins (disambiguation)
Mark Horton (disambiguation)
Mark Howard (disambiguation)
Mark Howe (disambiguation)
Mark Hubbard (disambiguation)
Mark Hudson (disambiguation)
Mark Hughes (disambiguation)
Mark Humphrey (disambiguation)
Mark Hunt (disambiguation)
Mark Hunter (disambiguation)
Mark Hutchinson (disambiguation)
Mark Hylton (disambiguation)
Mark Hyman (disambiguation)
Mark Irwin (disambiguation)
Mark Isherwood (disambiguation)
Mark Jackson (disambiguation)
Mark Jacobs (disambiguation)
Mark Jacobson (disambiguation)
Mark James (disambiguation)
Mark Jenkins (disambiguation)
Mark Jennings (disambiguation)
Mark Johnson (disambiguation)
Mark Johnston (disambiguation)
Mark Jones (disambiguation)
Mark Jordan (disambiguation)
Mark Joseph (disambiguation)
Mark Judge (disambiguation)
Mark Kaplan (disambiguation)
Mark Katz (disambiguation)
Mark Keller (disambiguation)
Mark Kellogg (disambiguation)
Mark Kelly (disambiguation)
Mark Kendall (disambiguation)
Mark Kendrick (disambiguation)
Mark Kennedy (disambiguation)
Mark Kerr (disambiguation)
Mark Killilea (disambiguation)
Mark King (disambiguation)
Mark Kingdon (disambiguation)
Mark Kleinschmidt (disambiguation)
Mark Kwok (disambiguation)
Mark Lambert (disambiguation)
Mark Lancaster (disambiguation)
Mark Lane (disambiguation)
Mark Laurie (disambiguation)
Mark Lawrence (disambiguation)
Mark Lawson (disambiguation)
Mark Lee (disambiguation)
Mark Lemmon (disambiguation)
Mark Leonard (disambiguation)
Mark Leslie (disambiguation)
Mark Levine (disambiguation)
Mark Levinson (disambiguation)
Mark Lewis (disambiguation)
Mark Lindsay (disambiguation)
Mark Little (disambiguation)
Mark Lloyd (disambiguation)
Mark Logan (disambiguation)
Mark Lopez (disambiguation)
Mark Lutz (disambiguation)
Mark Lynch (disambiguation)
Mark MacDonald (disambiguation)
Mark Mallia (disambiguation)
Mark Martin (disambiguation)
Mark Mason (disambiguation)
Mark Matthews (disambiguation)
Mark Mayer (disambiguation)
Mark McCormack (disambiguation)
Mark McCormick (disambiguation)
Mark McDonald (disambiguation)
Mark McGowan (disambiguation)
Mark McGuire (disambiguation)
Mark McKenzie (disambiguation)
Mark McMahon (disambiguation)
Mark McNally (disambiguation)
Mark Meadows (disambiguation)
Mark Meyer (disambiguation)
Mark Miller (disambiguation)
Mark Mills (disambiguation)
Mark Mitchell (disambiguation)
Mark Montgomery (disambiguation)
Mark Moore (disambiguation)
Mark Moran (disambiguation)
Mark Morgan (disambiguation)
Mark Morris (disambiguation)
Mark Morrison (disambiguation)
Mark Morton (disambiguation)
Mark Mullins (disambiguation)
Mark Murphy (disambiguation)
Mark Murray (disambiguation)
Mark Napier (disambiguation)
Mark Nelson (disambiguation)
Mark Newman (disambiguation)
Mark Nicholls (disambiguation)
Mark Nichols (disambiguation)
Mark Nielsen (disambiguation)
Mark Noble (disambiguation)
Mark Norman (disambiguation)
Mark Norris (disambiguation)
Mark O'Brien (disambiguation)
Mark O'Connell (disambiguation)
Mark O'Connor (disambiguation)
Mark O'Keefe (disambiguation)
Mark O'Leary (disambiguation)
Mark O'Neill (disambiguation)
Mark O'Shea (disambiguation)
Mark O'Toole (disambiguation)
Mark Olsen (disambiguation)
Mark Olson (disambiguation)
Mark Ormerod (disambiguation)
Mark Ormrod (disambiguation)
Mark Osborne (disambiguation)
Mark Parkinson (disambiguation)
Mark Parry (disambiguation)
Mark Paterson (disambiguation)
Mark Patterson (disambiguation)
Mark Pattison (disambiguation)
Mark Payne (disambiguation)
Mark Pearson (disambiguation)
Mark Perry (disambiguation)
Mark Peters (disambiguation)
Mark Petersen (disambiguation)
Mark Peterson (disambiguation)
Mark Phillips (disambiguation)
Mark Pilkington (disambiguation)
Mark Platts (disambiguation)
Mark Porter (disambiguation)
Mark Potter (disambiguation)
Mark Powell (disambiguation)
Mark Preston (disambiguation)
Mark Price (disambiguation)
Mark Pritchard (disambiguation)
Mark Proctor (disambiguation)
Mark Pryor (disambiguation)
Mark Quayle (disambiguation)
Mark Radcliffe (disambiguation)
Mark Radford (disambiguation)
Mark Randall (disambiguation)
Mark Read (disambiguation)
Mark Reed (disambiguation)
Mark Reilly (disambiguation)
Mark Rein (disambiguation)
Mark Reynolds (disambiguation)
Mark Richards (disambiguation)
Mark Richardson (disambiguation)
Mark Ricketts (disambiguation)
Mark Ridley (disambiguation)
Mark Riley (disambiguation)
Mark Ritchie (disambiguation)
Mark Roberts (disambiguation)
Mark Robertson (disambiguation)
Mark Robinson (disambiguation)
Mark Robson (disambiguation)
Mark Rogers (disambiguation)
Mark Rose (disambiguation)
Mark Rosenthal (disambiguation)
Mark Rosenzweig (disambiguation)
Mark Russell (disambiguation)
Mark Rutherford (disambiguation)
Mark Ryan (disambiguation)
Mark Sainsbury (disambiguation)
Mark Sanchez (disambiguation)
Mark Sanders (disambiguation)
Mark Saunders (disambiguation)
Mark Savage (disambiguation)
Mark Scanlon (disambiguation)
Mark Schneider (disambiguation)
Mark Schroeder (disambiguation)
Mark Schultz (disambiguation)
Mark Scott (disambiguation)
Mark Shapiro (disambiguation)
Mark Shaw (disambiguation)
Mark Shepherd (disambiguation)
Mark Sherman (disambiguation)
Mark Shriver (disambiguation)
Mark Shulman (disambiguation)
Mark Simmons (disambiguation)
Mark Simpson (disambiguation)
Mark Sinclair (disambiguation)
Mark Singleton (disambiguation)
Mark Slade (disambiguation)
Mark Slater (disambiguation)
Mark Sloan (disambiguation)
Mark Smith (disambiguation)
Mark Solomon (disambiguation)
Mark Sorenson (disambiguation)
Mark Spalding (disambiguation)
Mark Spencer (disambiguation)
Mark Steadman (disambiguation)
Mark Steele (disambiguation)
Mark Stein (disambiguation)
Mark Stevens (disambiguation)
Mark Stewart (disambiguation)
Mark Stone (disambiguation)
Mark Stuart (disambiguation)
Mark Sullivan (disambiguation)
Mark Sutcliffe (disambiguation)
Mark Tandy (disambiguation)
Mark Taylor (disambiguation)
Mark Templeton (disambiguation)
Mark Thomas (disambiguation)
Mark Thompson (disambiguation)
Mark Thomson (disambiguation)
Mark Todd (disambiguation)
Mark Tucker (disambiguation)
Mark Turner (disambiguation)
Mark Twain (disambiguation)
Mark Tyler (disambiguation)
Mark Waddington (disambiguation)
Mark Wade (disambiguation)
Mark Wagner (disambiguation)
Mark Wakefield (disambiguation)
Mark Walker (disambiguation)
Mark Wallace (disambiguation)
Mark Wallberg (disambiguation)
Mark Waller (disambiguation)
Mark Wallington (disambiguation)
Mark Walsh (disambiguation)
Mark Walton (disambiguation)
Mark Ward (disambiguation)
Mark Warner (disambiguation)
Mark Warren (disambiguation)
Mark Washington (disambiguation)
Mark Waters (disambiguation)
Mark Watson (disambiguation)
Mark Watts (disambiguation)
Mark Webb (disambiguation)
Mark Webber (disambiguation)
Mark Webster (disambiguation)
Mark West (disambiguation)
Mark Whitaker (disambiguation)
Mark White (disambiguation)
Mark Wilkins (disambiguation)
Mark Wilkinson (disambiguation)
Mark Williams (disambiguation)
Mark Williamson (disambiguation)
Mark Willis (disambiguation)
Mark Wilson (disambiguation)
Mark Withers (disambiguation)
Mark Wood (disambiguation)
Mark Woods (disambiguation)
Mark Wright (disambiguation)
Mark Yates (disambiguation)
Mark Yeates (disambiguation)
Mark Young (disambiguation)
Mark Zupan (disambiguation)
See also
Martin (name)
References
English-language masculine given names
English masculine given names
Dutch masculine given names
Masculine given names
Theophoric names | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mark%20%28given%20name%29 |
Runcorn East railway station serves the eastern suburbs of Runcorn in Cheshire, England, offering train services to Warrington and Manchester and to Chester and North Wales.
History
The station opened by British Rail on 3 October 1983 to serve the new suburbs of Runcorn New Town. It is situated a short distance from the site of the former Norton station (closed by the British Transport Commission in 1952) and the nearby signal box still bears this name.
The station was formally adopted by the North Cheshire Rail Users group on 16 May 2008, under the Arriva Trains Wales Adopt a Station Initiative.
Facilities
Arriva began looking into the possibility of installing scrolling information screens on the platforms, with train running information in 2008. An initial site survey was carried out on 30 May 2008 with a follow-up on 20 September 2008. A third site survey was carried out in January 2010; this also included a PA system being installed, looking at improving CCTV coverage over the station and improvements for disabled access to the station. On 17 January 2011 site work started on the installation of information screens on both platforms - these are now completed and operational (as of May 2011).
The station has a staffed ticket office - this is staffed six days per week (not Sundays) from the start of the morning peak until early afternoon. At other times tickets can be purchased from self-service ticket machines (card payments only) available on both platforms. Waiting shelters and bench seating is provided at platform level. Step-free access to both platforms is via ramps from the footbridge that links the ticket office and car park.
Services
Runcorn East is served by an hourly Transport for Wales service to Manchester Piccadilly via Warrington Bank Quay. Many of these are extended through to outside of weekday peak periods.
In the other direction, services run to Chester, with most trains continuing along the North Wales Coast Line to Llandudno (services terminate at Chester in the late evening & on Sundays). The Sutton tunnel is just west of the station.
The new Northern Trains Northern Connect service, between and Chester via Manchester Victoria and Halifax, calls at weekday peak periods only since its inauguration in May 2019.
Public transport interchange
Bus services operate from the station to Runcorn Old Town via Halton Lea, and to Widnes. The station is also connected by an Arriva North West bus service to the main Runcorn railway station (operated by Avanti West Coast), which has services to London Euston, Birmingham New Street, Crewe and Liverpool via the West Coast Main Line.
References
Bibliography
External links
Runcorn
Railway stations in the Borough of Halton
DfT Category E stations
Railway stations opened by British Rail
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1983
Northern franchise railway stations
Railway stations served by Transport for Wales Rail | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runcorn%20East%20railway%20station |
Grbavica is a 2006 film by Jasmila Žbanić about the life of a single mother in contemporary Sarajevo in the aftermath of systematic rapes of Bosniak women by Serbian soldiers during the Bosnian War. It was released in the United Kingdom as Esma's Secret: Grbavica, and in US as Grbavica: Land of My Dreams.
The film shows, through the eyes of the main character Esma, her teenage daughter Sara, and others, how everyday life is still being shaped by the Bosnian War of the 1990s. The film was an international co-production between companies from Bosnia, Austria, Croatia, and Germany; it received funding from the German television companies ZDF and Arte. Grbavica received an enthusiastic response from critics, earning a 98% rating on Rotten Tomatoes.
It won the Golden Bear at the 56th Berlin International Film Festival and it was Bosnia and Herzegovina's official entry for the Best Foreign Language Film at the 79th Academy Awards but it was not nominated.
Background
The title refers to the neighbourhood of Sarajevo where Esma lives, which was one of the most traumatized neighbourhoods in the city.
According to the director,
...in 1992 everything changed and I realized that I was living in a war in which sex was used as part of a war strategy to humiliate women and thereby cause the destruction of an ethnic group. 20,000 women were systematically raped in Bosnia during the war.
In the film, the Serbian rapists are referred to as Chetniks, a term which some of the population of Sarajevo (mostly Bosnian Muslims and Croats and Sarajevan Serbs) used for the besieging Serb troops.
Plot
Single mother Esma lives with her 12-year-old daughter Sara in post-war Sarajevo. Sara wants to go on a school field trip and her mother starts working as a waitress at a nightclub to earn the money for the trip.
Sara befriends Samir, who, like Sara, has no father. Both of their fathers allegedly died as war heroes. Samir is surprised to find out that Sara does not know the circumstances of her father's death. Samir's own father was killed by Serbian military near Žuč when he refused to leave the trench he was defending. Whenever Sara and her mother discuss this delicate topic, however, Esma's responses are always vague.
The situation grows more complicated when students who can provide a certificate proving that they are the offspring of war heroes can go on the field trip for free. Esma explains to Sara that her father's corpse was never found and that she has no certificate. She promises to try to obtain the document. Secretly, however, Esma attempts to borrow the money Sara needs from her friend Sabina, her aunt and her boss.
Sara is haunted by a nagging feeling that something is not right. Shocked and bewildered when she discovers she is not mentioned as the child of a war hero on the list of pupils going on the school trip, Sara lashes out at Samir. At home, however, she confronts her mother and demands to know the truth. Esma breaks down and finally admits that she was raped at a prisoner camp and forced to have the child who resulted from this violation. Sara realizes she is the child of a Serbian soldier. This discovery brings her closer to her mother and helps overcome her trauma. In the end, Sara leaves for the field trip, not waving to her mother until the last moment. On the bus, the students start to sing a popular 70's song "Sarajevo, ljubavi moja" (eng. Sarajevo, My Love), written and performed by Kemal Monteno, and Sara joins in.
Cast
Mirjana Karanović as Esma Halilović
Luna Mijović as Sara
Leon Lučev as Pelda
Kenan Ćatić as Samir
Jasna Beri as Sabina
Dejan Aćimović as Čenga
Bogdan Diklić as Šaran
Emir Hadžihafizbegović as Puška
Ermin Bravo as Professor Muha
Semka Sokolović-Bertok as Pelda's Mother
Maike Höhne as Jabolka
Jasna Žalica as Plema
Nada Džurevska as Aunt Safija
Emina Muftić as Vasvija
Dunja Pašić as Mila
Awards
Wins
Golden Bear - Best Film - 56th Berlin International Film Festival 2006
Peace Film Award - Berlin Film Festival 2006
Prize of the Ecumenical Jury - Berlin Film Festival 2006
Kosomorama Award - Best Film
Reykjavik International Film Festival - Best Film
AFI Film Festival - Narrative Grand Jury Prize
Brussels European Film Festival - Prize TV Canvas for Best Film and Award Best Actress (to Mirjana Karanović)
Ourence Film Festival - Award Best Actress (to Mirjana Karanović)
Portland International Film Festival - Audience Award
Thessaloniki Film Festival - Woman & Equality Award
Bosnian-Herzegovinian Film Festival in New York - Audience Award
Sarajevo Film Festival - Ivica Matić Award for director
Nominations
Sundance Film Festival - Grand Jury Prize
European Film Award - Best Film and Best Actress
See also
List of submissions to the 79th Academy Awards for Best Foreign Language Film
References
External links
Grbavica at Dogwoof pictures
2006 films
Bosnia and Herzegovina war drama films
Austrian war drama films
Croatian war drama films
German war drama films
Bosnian War films
Golden Bear winners
Bosnian-language films
Films directed by Jasmila Žbanić
Anti-war films
Films set in Sarajevo
Yugoslav Wars in fiction
2000s political films
2000s war films
Films about rape
Films about Bosnian genocide
2000s German films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grbavica%20%28film%29 |
Lambton Shores is a municipality in Lambton County, Ontario, Canada, that is on the southern shores of Lake Huron.
History
Lambton Shores was formed in 2001 when the Township of Bosanquet was amalgamated with the town of Forest, and the villages of Arkona, Grand Bend and Thedford.
Climate
Lambton Shores is one of the more southerly municipalities in Canada, and therefore receives relatively warmer temperatures. It has an average high of in July and in January. As for precipitation, it receives an average of of rain in July and an average of of snow in January.
Communities
The main communities in Lambton Shores are Arkona, Forest, Grand Bend, Port Franks and Thedford. Smaller communities include Cedarview, Glendale Beach, Kettle and Stoney Point, Ipperwash Beach, Lake Valley Grove, Jericho, Jura, Kinnaird, Northville, Ravenswood, Southcott Pines, Springvale, Sunnidale, Walden Place and Walker Woods. The administrative offices of the township are located in Thedford.
Arkona
Arkona is a community located in the municipality of Lambton Shores in southwestern Ontario near the Lambton–Middlesex county line, situated beside the Ausable River, on Former Kings Highway 79 (now Lambton County Road 79), Arkona is roughly halfway between Thedford, and Watford.
Forest
Forest is situated on what was once dense forest. When the Grand Trunk Railway was built through where the town now sits, the station was named for the dense forest. Hickory Creek, which meanders through the town, provided water for the station in those days when wood and water were essential to the operation of steam locomotives.
Grand Bend
The settlement began in the 1830s when a group of English and Scottish settlers bought lots from the Canada Company, a land development firm. One of the original settlers, Benjamin Brewster gave his name to the village after he and his business partner David Smart secured rights to dam the Ausable River and started a sawmill in 1832. The villagers were mainly the families of the millhands and fisherman. Their homesteads were situated on the south side of the present village.
Thedford
Thedford is a small community in northwestern Lambton County, Ontario Canada, situated 8 km south of Kings Highway 21, along Lambton CR 79 (Former Kings Highway 79). The community began in the 1860s when farmer Nelson Southworth, a native of Vermont, agreed to donate land for the construction of a Grand Trunk Railway station, with the condition that he would be able to name it. Southworth chose the name "Thetford", as a way of honouring Thetford, Vermont, a community in his home state in the United States. A local clerk's poor hand writing was mistaken for the current spelling, which is how it first appeared on official records. The Thedford Raiders Hockey Team once held the World Record for Longest Continuous Hockey Game, which was also a fundraiser for juvenile diabetes. A plaque at the entrance of the town heralds it as the "Onion Capital of Canada".
A designated place within the municipality of Lambton Shores, Thedford had a population of 822 in the Canada 2006 Census.
Thedford telephone numbers start with 519-296.
Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Lambton Shores had a population of living in of its total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021.
Media
Lambton Shores has two radio stations:
90.5 myFM Exeter/Grand Bend Local News
CKTI-FM, a First Nations station from Kettle Point
VFR895, a race info station from Grand Bend Motorplex
Lambton Shores has two newspapers:
Lakeshore Advance, owned by Sun Media
Standard Guide Advocate, owned by Hayter Walden Publications
See also
List of townships in Ontario
Notes
References
External links
Lower-tier municipalities in Ontario
Municipalities in Lambton County
2001 establishments in Ontario | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambton%20Shores |
Oliver Carton Winterbottom (24 February 1944 – 6 November 2020) was a British automotive designer who designed cars for Lotus, Jaguar and TVR.
Early years
Winterbottom was born in Ashford, Kent. His father was born in Oldham, Lancashire and attended school in Shanghai before coming to England and public school. His father took up medicine and qualified at St Mary's Hospital, Paddington where he met Oliver's mother who came from Lincolnshire.
In 1952 Winterbottom was sent to boarding school in Staffordshire and at the age of 11 he was committed to becoming a car designer after having made some preliminary attempts to draw a racing car in 1952.
He attended Denstone College like his father and had science on his curriculum, but also was a cross country runner and skilled marksman in the winter season. Towards the end of this college period his father accompanied him to Jaguar Cars in Coventry to discuss an apprenticeship. He was accepted as an apprentice automobile engineer and in mid-September 1961 he started at Jaguar in Coventry in their apprentice school.
Career
At Jaguar, Winterbottom was part of the team that designed the XJ21 prototype that never reached production.
At Lotus, Winterbottom worked directly with Colin Chapman who appointed him to lead the design and safety engineering projects at Lotus Cars. Winterbottom designed the second generation Lotus Elite wedge design and the Lotus Eclat.
Winterbottom then worked with TVR where he designed the TVR Tasmin launched in 1980.
Winterbottom returned to Lotus and designed the prototype Lotus M90, (X100), but due to company problems, the car never reached production. He was also head of development for the V8 engine used in the Esprit, project 918.
Winterbottom later became an automotive consultant and served as membership director for the Coalition of Small Volume Automobile Manufacturers. As of December 2008 Winterbottom was working as a consultant for SAIC Motors in Shanghai.
Personal life
Lived and worked in Wymondham in Norfolk
He died on 6 November 2020.
References
Further reading
External links
1944 births
2020 deaths
People educated at Denstone College
People from Ashford, Kent
British automobile designers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oliver%20Winterbottom |
The U.S. Women's Chamber of Commerce was founded in 2001 to increase economic growth opportunities for women. As the only national organization of its kind, the U.S. Women's Chamber of Commerce works in concert with its over 500,000 members, national and local association partners, and key influencers to open doors for women business owners and career professionals.
Focus
Key areas of focus for the U.S. Women's Chamber of Commerce include: access to government contracting markets, access to capital for business start-up and growth, access to political office, access to education, and access to career promotions. In each area, the U.S. Women's Chamber of Commerce works towards integrating women into the mainstream and providing access to economic advancement.
History
In 2005, the U.S. Women's Chamber of Commerce won a lawsuit against the U.S. Small Business Administration for failure to implement a law passed in 2000 to provide a targeted set-aside program for women-owned businesses seeking federal contracts. This set-aside was established to help end the disparity in contracting faced by women. Even though women own nearly 30 percent of all businesses in the United States, in 2007 they received only 3.41% of federal contracts.
In 2007, the U.S. Women's Chamber of Commerce filed an amicus brief in support of the women's class action suit against Walmart.
In 2008, Margot Dorfman, CEO of the U.S. Women's Chamber of Commerce, provided testimony before the Senate Committee on Health, Education, Labor and Pension in support of the Lilly Ledbetter Fair Pay Act of 2009. Her testimony was cited by Sen. Patrick Leahy (D-VT) as follows:As the executive director of the U.S. Women's Chamber of Commerce recently noted, "The Fair Pay Restoration Act rewards those who play fair—including women business owners—unlike the Supreme Court's decision, which seems to give an unfair advantage to those who skirt the rules." This legislation will encourage all corporations to treat their employees fairly.Leaders and members of the U.S. Women's Chamber of Commerce are regularly called upon to testify before Congress on small business and economic issues.
On June 30, 2011, the Small Business Administration accepted the U.S. Women's Chamber of Commerce as an approved Third Party Certifier for the Women-Owned Small Business Contracting Program. To further opportunities for women-owned small business federal contractors, the U.S. Women's Chamber of Commerce established the WOSB National Council.
In 2014, the U.S. Women's Chamber of Commerce established the I Vote for Women.org website to support the election of candidates supporting the chamber's women's economic priorities.
On September 11, 2014, the U.S. Women's Chamber of Commerce filed an amici curiae in support of Peggy Young for her case before the Supreme Court, Young v. UPS No. 12-1226, detailing the economic impact of women in the workforce.
On December 3, 2015, the U.S. Women's Chamber of Commerce announced their first ever presidential endorsement as they endorsed Secretary Hillary Clinton for the 2016 U.S. Presidential race. The chamber stated that the leadership examined the organization’s priorities along with the history, capability, commitments and electability of current presidential candidates in making the selection.
Association Members
The U.S. Women's Chamber of Commerce maintains a broad assortment of partners and association members including regional, national, and international organizations.
Alaska 8(a) Association
Arizona Small Business Association
Arizona Women Business Builders
Asian Women in Business
Association for Small Business and Technology
Association for Women in Architecture
Association of Procurement Technical Assistance Centers
Association of Small Business Development Centers
Association of Women Contractors
Business Women's Network of Howard County
Catalyst Women
Charo Community Development Corporation
Community Physical Therapists
Dress for Success - Washington DC
Financial Women International
Fort Worth Business Assistance Center
Girls in Government
Greater Cincinnati Women's Network
Hispanic Women's Corporation
Insight Center for Community Economic Development
Institute for Women's Policy Research
Latin Business Association
Michigan Association of Female Executives
National Association of Women in Construction
Minority/Women Business Enterprise Alliance, Inc.
National Center for American Indian Enterprise
National Center for Small Business Information
National Procurement Council
National Women's Political Caucus
Nebraska Women's Commission
New Jersey Association of Women Business Owners
Peninsula Tidewater Hispanic Chamber of Commerce
Professional Businesswomen of California
Professional Women in Construction
San Antonio Women's Chamber of Commerce
Society of Government Travel Professionals
Soroptimist International of the Americas
Tennessee Economic Council on Women
United for the Advancement of Women in the Construction Industry
University of Georgia SBDC
Women & Girls Foundation of SW PA
Women Business Owners of Montgomery County
Women Business Owners of Prince George's County
Women's Automotive Association International
Women's Business Council Gulf Coast
Women's Campaign Fund
Women's Chamber of Commerce of Palm Beach City
Women's Sports Foundation
References
External links
U.S. Women's Chamber of Commerce
USWCC Listing at the National Council of Women's Organizations
USWCC at Project Vote Smart
Women's rights organizations based in the United States
Organizations established in 2001
American women in business
Chambers of commerce in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/U.S.%20Women%27s%20Chamber%20of%20Commerce |
The University of Canberra Capitals are an Australian professional women's basketball team competing in the Women's National Basketball League (WNBL). The team is based in Canberra, Australian Capital Territory. In 2014 the University of Canberra Union took control of the Capitals from Basketball ACT. The University of Canberra is the current naming rights sponsor for the Capitals.
History
Founded in 1984, the Capitals first competed in the WNBL in the 1986 season after winning the Australian Women's Basketball Conference in 1985. After struggling to make an impact on the competition for more than a decade, the club became one of the dominant teams in the Australian WNBL competition in 1999, due in part to the ascension of one of the greatest female players in the world Lauren Jackson and coach Carrie Graf. They have won the WNBL Grand Final in 2000, 2002, 2003, 2006, 2007, 2009, 2010 and 2019 and were runners up in 2001 and 2011.
After 13 seasons of struggle at the bottom end of the WNBL table, the Capitals qualified for the WNBL Grand Final for the first time in the 1999/00 season, defeating the Adelaide Lightning in South Australia. Since that time the Capitals have remained a perennial force in the WNBL despite the significant turnover in playing personnel over the past 20 seasons.
WNBL Grand Final appearances
The Capitals have competed in 10 Grand Finals, winning 8 (both WNBL records):
Season summaries
Season-by-season records
1990 to 1998/99
In 1992 the Canberra City Group Capitals made the WNBL finals for the first time since their inception in 1984. The team finished 4th in the 11 team competition under coach Jerry Lee, with an 11–9 win–loss record. Jodie Murphy was named the top shooter in the WNBL for the season with 17.9 ppg and also made the WNBL All Star Five alongside Michelle Timms (Perth Breakers), Allison Cook (Melbourne Tigers), Michelle Brogan (Adelaide City) and Rachael Sporn (Adelaide City). Shooting guard Narelle Fletcher also ranked 3rd in the league in 3-point percentage, shooting 37% for the season (27/73). The team was knocked out in the Preliminary Final by the 3rd placed Dandenong Rangers 75-65 (J. Murphy 23 pts, K. Tominac 13).
After some success in 1992, hopes were high in 1993 for the Capitals to become a premiership contender under new coach Tad Duffelmeir. These hopes increased with the recruitment of 196 cm Ukrainian centre Diana Sadovnikova in round 6 of the competition. Unfortunately the Capitals were unable to find stability with the rest of the team and were unable to replicate their form from the previous season. The Capitals finished 7th in the 10 team league with a 7–11 win–loss record.
The Capitals once again hired Jerry Lee as their head coach for the 1994 season, hoping to replicate their finals experience two years earlier. They signed another European import, Joulia Goureeva to bolster the club alongside Sandovnikova. Despite the return of Lee and the two European imports the team still struggled for consistency, again finishing with a 7–11 record leaving them in 7th spot in the 10 team league.
Canberra started the 1995 season with a new coach, Michelle Wall. Unfortunately they lost the services of their two European imports Diana Sadovnikova and Joulia Goureeva who both departed to play for the Dandenong Rangers. The Capitals recruited forward/centre Latonya McGhee from the University of Florida, who finished went on to average 17.2 ppg (4th in the league) and 10.4 rpg (2nd in the league) and guard Cherie Hogg who returned to Australia after a two-year stint playing for the University of Nevada Las Vegas. Despite the good form of the new recruits the team still finished 6th in the league with an 8–10 win–loss record.
1996 saw Kerryn Owens step into the Captain role and lead from the point guard position. Cheree Hogg departed for her hometown team Adelaide Lightning and Capitals also lost McGhee, who returned to the U.S. To add experience to a young team the Capitals signed Opals forward Fiona Robinson from Perth. Robinson went on to average 17.8 ppg (equal 5th in the league) and 7.5 rpg (4th in the league) and was selected in the Opals team and won a bronze medal for Australia at the 1996 Atlanta Olympics. Joulia Goureeva also returned to the Capitals from Dandenong. The addition of Robinson and New Zealand guard Kim Wielens was not enough for the Capitals however as they finished 8th in the league with a 5–13 win–loss record.
The Capitals improved in 1997 narrowly missing out on a finals spot. The club signed American import Tanya Haave who combined well with Co-Captains Owens and Robinson, with the trio scoring an average of 40+ points per game between them. The club also added small forward Eleanor Sharp and AIS graduate guard Kellie Abrams to the squad. Haave proved to be a good recruit for the club and was named team MVP for the season and the team finished equal 6th with Brisbane, just missing out on a top 5 finals spot with a 6–12 win–loss record.
The Capitals lost their three leading scorers, Fiona Robinson, Tanya Haave and Kerryn Owens for the 1998 season. Robinson quit the WNBL to represent Australia in European Handball prior to the 2000 Sydney Olympics, while Haave continued her career with Swedish team Sätila SK, and Owens was recruited to play in Holland. As a result, the team struggled to remain competitive, finishing second last in the competition with a 2–10 win–loss record, beating only the winless Brisbane. Thankfully the season was a shortened one, as the WNBL switched to a summer league later that year.
In 1998/99 the WNBL switched to a summer competition for the first time. The season signalled the beginning of a turnaround for the Capitals program. The club secured Opals shooting guard Shelley Sandie who returned to the WNBL after the collapse of the US ABL league. Sandie combined with new centre/forward Karen Smith to make the Capitals a competitive team, however the club still finished last with a 4–17 record. Sandie was honoured with a WNBL life membership and was also named in the WNBL All Star Five at the end of the season, alongside Kristi Harrower (Melbourne Tigers), Rachel Sporn (Adelaide Lightning), Lauren Jackson (AIS) and Gina Stevens (Perth Breakers).
1999/2000 season
The 1999/2000 season provided the Capitals with their biggest turnaround in franchise history. On the back of signing premiership winning coach Carrie Graf from Sydney, the Capitals managed to secure the nucleus of their WNBL dynasty by recruiting a number of graduates from the 1998/99 championship winning AIS team. The Capitals signed 1998/99 league MVP Lauren Jackson in a recruitment coup that also netted the club point guard Kristen Veal and swingman Deanna Smith. When these three pieces of the puzzle were combined with veterans Shelley Sandie and Karen Smith along with forward Eleanor Sharp the Capitals finally had a team capable of contending for the WNBL title.
The Capitals managed to live up to pre-season expectations, finishing as minor premiers with a 16–5 win–loss record. In the Major Semi Final the Capitals played the 2nd placed Adelaide Lightning at the AIS Arena, going down in a hard-fought match 84–91. The loss meant they needed to back up in the Preliminary Final against the 3rd placed Bulleen Boomers. This proved to be a much easier matchup, with the Capitals winning 80–66. Having now lost home court advantage for the Grand Final, Canberra made the trip to Adelaide to avenge their semi-final loss. The Capitals triumphed 67–50, raising the banner for the first time in the club's history. Jackson finished the season as WNBL top scorer with 23.4 ppg, while Kristen Veal topped the league in assists with 4.9 apg. Jackson was also named league MVP for the season, appearing in the WNBL All Star Five alongside Trisha Fallon (Sydney Flames), Kristi Harrower (Melbourne Tigers), Kristin Folkl (Melbourne Tigers) and Jo Hill (Adelaide Lightning).
2000/01 season
After 2 seasons with the Capitals, centre Karen Smith decided to quit the game for personal reasons prior to the opening of the 2000/01 season. The Capitals replaced her with Lucille Hamilton, the 187 cm forward from Dandenong. Deanna Smith also left the club for Adelaide while guard Kim Wielens decided to take a break from the WNBL.
The change in personnel did not appear to affect the Capitals however, as the team managed to improve on their minor premier performance from the previous season, coming first with a 17–4 win–loss record. Lauren Jackson recorded the 2nd highest ppg for the league with 21.6 (behind league MVP Penny Taylor's 25.5 ppg), while Shelley Sandie provided the one-two punch from outside, recording the league's 4th highest scoring average with 17.3 ppg. Jackson also led the league in rebounds with 14.2 rpg and blocked shots with 4.3 bpg.
In the Major Semi Final at the AIS arena, Canberra thrashed the 2nd placed Sydney Panthers 73–56 winning the right to host the WNBL Grand Final for the first time. The week off did them no favours however, as Sydney overcame a half time deficit to win the Grand Final 69-65 despite Jackson recording figures of 22 points, 20 rebounds and 8 blocked shots for the game.
2001/02 season
Canberra finished the regular season 2nd on the ladder with a 15–6 win–loss record. They faced minor premiers Adelaide in the Major Semi Final in Adelaide, winning a hard-fought game 66-62 thanks to 30 points from Lauren Jackson. The win gave them the right to host the Grand Final at the AIS Arena for the second year running. In the following weekends Preliminary Final the 4th placed Sydney also beat Adelaide in a close game, 66–64, setting up a repeat of the previous season's Grand Final.
This time the result would be different. The Capitals avenged the previous seasons loss, beating Sydney in the 2001/02 decider 75-69 for their second WNBL crown and their first title won in front of the home fans. Jackson again dominated the game with 29 points and 21 rebounds. The Grand Final win allowed Shelley Sandie to retire from the WNBL on a winning note having played in 321 WNBL games throughout her career, ranking her 6th on the competition's all-time player list. The win also gave coach Carrie Graf a fitting farewell as she left the Capitals to concentrate on establishing a WNBA coaching career.
2002/03 season
Canberra entered the 2003/03 season with a new head coach, WNBL legend Tom Maher. The team also suited up without the retired Shelley Sandie, guard Kim Wielens and up and coming forward Jacinta Hamilton, who left to play for the Dandenong Rangers. Despite this loss of depth and experience the Capitals core group of Lauren Jackson, Kristen Veal, Lucille Hamilton, Eleanor Sharp and Kellie Abrams went one step better than the 2001/02 team, finishing the competition as minor premiers with a 16–5 win–loss record.
This time the team faced second placed Townsville in the Major Semi Final, overcoming them in a thrilling one point victory 68-67 thanks to Lauren Jackson's domination with 38 points, 21 rebounds and 9 blocks. The win gave them the right to host the Grand Final at the AIS Arena for the third year running. In the following weekends Preliminary Final the 3rd placed Sydney also beat Townsville 83–78, setting up the third Grand Final between the two rivals.
The Capitals completed their first back-to-back premiership, beating Sydney 69–67 in a tense decider with Jackson replicating her Semi Final dominance, with 30 points and 23 rebounds. Jackson was named the WNBL MVP for the third time, dominating the league with an average of 27.2 points per game (almost 10 ppg more than the league's second highest scorer, Perth's Carly Wilson) and 11.6 rebounds per game.
2003 FIBA Women's World Cup Championship
As the defending WNBL Champions, the Capitals represented Australia at the inaugural FIBA Women's World Cup held in Russia on 14–19 October 2003. The Capitals were included in Group B of the competition, alongside EuroLeague runners-up US Valenciennes (France), ANSO Volgaburmash Samara (Russia) and Mambas de Mozambique (Mozambique). Group A included the EuroLeague champions UMMC Ekaterinbourg (Russia), Woori Bank Hansae (South Korea), São Paulo Futebal Clube (Brazil) and a WNBA Select Team (United States).
The Capitals, including new recruits Jo Hill, Zoe Carr and Kate Cohen, finished equal 2nd in Group B and 5th overall with a 3–2 record, beating Mambas 102–45, São Paulo 88-66 and Woori Bank Hansae 74–63, while losing to USVA Valenciennes 89-68 and Volgaburmash 72–56.
2004/05 season
The 2004/05 season saw the WNBL celebrate its 25th anniversary and for the Canberra Capitals it became a year of rebuilding. The team which was knocked out in the Minor Semi Final against Adelaide the season before had lost their coach Carrie Graf to the Phoenix Mercury in the WNBA. In her place returned Tom Maher, confirming his commitment in May 2004 to coach the Capitals for the second time in 3 seasons. However, Maher's desire to coach Lauren Jackson a second time around took a turn for the worse as Jackson was ruled out of the entire WNBL season after undergoing ankle surgery at the end of the 2004 WNBA competition. The Capitals had another blow with point guard Kristen Veal deciding to quit the WNBL before the season started, citing a loss of passion for the game.
Thankfully the Capitals had already coaxed veteran centre Jenny Whittle out of retirement and had also picked up 18-year-old New Zealand point guard Angela Marino from the local Adelaide competition. Whittle last played in the WNBL for Bulleen in 1999/00 and had just retired after playing professionally in Spain and France. When Veal confirmed that she was no longer playing in the WNBL, the Capitals managed to snare point guard Tully Bevilaqua from the Indiana Fever in the WNBA. Veteran small forward Eleanor Sharp was named captain for the season, replacing Jackson in that role. Seven games into the season, the Capitals were struck another blow with defensive specialist Kellie Abrams announcing she was quitting the club in what appeared to be a personality clash with coach Maher. Replacing Abrams in the Capitals squad was New Zealand international forward Donna Loffhagen, signed by the club to bolster their rebounding presence in the absence of the injured Jackson.
Loffhagen finished the season with the highest average rebounding record in the WNBL with 10.0 rpg, while Marino ended up as the 5th highest scorer with 17.5 ppg. Bevilaqua finished with the highest 3pt percentage in the competition, hitting a remarkable 45% of her outside shots (36/80). Despite the good form of the new recruits, the Capitals finished 5th in the 8 team comp with a 9–12 win–loss record, missing the finals for the first time in 5 years.
WNBL 25th Anniversary Team
To celebrate the WNBL's milestone of 25 seasons, the league announced an anniversary team of 10 players and head coach. Three Capitals players made it into the honorary team: Lauren Jackson; Shellie Sandie; Jenny Cheesman as well as coach Tom Maher.
In order of votes, the players named were:
2005/06 season
The 2005/06 season saw the return of coach Carrie Graf who was cut as head coach of the WNBA club Phoenix Mercury after achieving a 33–35 win–loss record over the 2004 and 2005 seasons. On her return, coach Graf signed Adelaide's 1998 premiership winning centre Tracey Beatty to bolster the team's front court. The twin towers of Beatty (203 cm) and Whittle (197 cm) had the job of replacing Lauren Jackson who was ruled out of the early rounds of the competition due to injury. To compensate for the loss of scoring power provided by Jackson, Graf used her U.S. connections to engineer a WNBL coup by signing WNBA All Star guard/forward Alana Beard for 8 games. Beard averaged 26.9 points and 3 steals a game, also setting the third highest individual scoring game ever for the Capitals, with 41 points on 11 November 2005. In the 8 games she played in the WNBL, Beard proved to be one of the best imports to have played in the league. The Capitals also welcomed back guard Kellie Abrams.
Although Beard departed after the return of Lauren Jackson, the rest of the WNBL teams could not contend with the triple towers of Beatty, Whittle and Jackson. The Capitals met the Adelaide Lightning in the semi-final, overcoming them in a thrilling 83–81 overtime victory. They went on to win the WNBL Grand Final, defeating the minor premiers Dandenong Rangers 68–55. Lauren Jackson was named the Grand Final MVP, scoring a game high 24 points. Coach Carrie Graf and centre Jenny Whittle were also honoured with a WNBL lifetime memberships.
2006/07 season
The 2006/07 season heralded a new beginning for the Capitals. Superstar forward Lauren Jackson left the club to pursue her career in Europe, while Jenny Whittle again retired from the WNBL. To replace Jackson and Whittle in the front court the Capitals tried to recruit AIS centre Hollie Grima, however they missed out on signing Grima who instead went on to become the league's MVP with the Bulleen Boomers. The Capitals did however sign guard Jess Bibby from Dandenong and forward Abby Bishop from the AIS to complement the core group of Beatty, Abrams, Sharp and Bevilaqua.
On the back of an all-round team performance during the season the Capitals finished second on the WNBL ladder with a 15–6 win–loss record. Livewire guard Jess Bibby top scored for the Caps with 15.5 ppg, while centre Tracey Beatty filled the gap left by Jackson and Whittle finishing in the WNBL top 10 categories for Blocked Shots (2.8 bpg, first in the league), Total Rebounds (7.4 rpg) and Field Goal Percentage (49.7%). The Caps faced first placed Sydney in the major semi-final, losing 74-65 and setting up a repeat of the previous year's Preliminary Final against Adelaide. Once again the Capitals triumphed over the Lightning, winning their way through to another Grand Final, 82–74.
The Capitals won their 5th WNBL title, avenging their semi-final loss to the Sydney Uni Flames with a 73–59 victory at the ACUVUE Sports Hall. Centre Tracey Beatty was named the Grand Final MVP courtesy of her 12 points, 12 rebounds, 3 assists and 3 blocked shots.
2007/08 season
The Capitals finished the 2007/08 season third on the WNBL ladder with a 17–7 win–loss record. Jess Bibby again top scored for the team with 16.1 ppg while Tracey Beatty topped the league in Field Goal Percentage (58.2%) and ranked second in Blocked Shots with 2.3 bpg.
The team was knocked out in the minor semi-final by Dandenong 60–54, ending their quest for a championship three-peat.
2008/09 season
The Capitals had a further boost in April 2009 with coach Carrie Graf extending her contract for a further 4 seasons after being appointed as the Australian Opals head coach.
On the back of a WNBL All-Star 5 season from Abby Bishop, who topped the WNBL in rebounding with 10.7 rpg on top of 17.3 points per game the Capitals finished the regular season as minor premiers with a 19–3 record. The Capitals faced 2nd place Bulleen in the Major Semi Final at the AIS Arena, beating them 60–52 to win their way into their 7th Grand Final.
The Capitals won their 6th Grand Final in 10 years on 13 March 2009, defeating the Bulleen Boomers 61–58 at the AIS Arena. Point Guard Natalie Hurst was named Grand Final MVP after a 12-point, 6 rebound performance. She was assisted by Michelle Musselwhite who top scored for the Capitals with 13 points, forward Abby Bishop (six points, 14 rebounds) and centre Marianna Tolo who starred off the bench with 12 points, 9 rebounds and 5 blocked shots.
2009/10 season
The Capitals began the 2009/10 WNBL season with a number of changes to their roster. Opals forward and MVP from 2008 to 2009, Abby Bishop, started the season rehabilitating from an injury to her shoulder suffered while playing with the Rockhampton Cyclones in the Queensland Basketball League during the WNBL off season. Bishop was replaced by 20-year-old New Zealand international centre/forward Jess McCormack. The team also lost guard/forward Michelle Cosier (née Musselwhite) who fell pregnant during the offseason. Cosier was replaced by ex Opals guard Carly Wilson who left French team Challes-les-Eaux, signing a one-year deal to play under Opals coach Carrie Graf in an attempt to improve her chances of representing Australia at the 2010 World Championships. Peta Sinclair retired from the WNBL to take up a scholarship coaching role with the AIS women's basketball team and guard Michaela Bennie left to focus on university studies. Replacing Sinclair and Bennie on the Capitals bench was 20-year-old point guard Nicole Romeo, who signed with the Capitals after quitting the University of Washington Huskies after her freshman season, and 22-year-old forward Katie Rose, who returned to the Capitals after last playing for them in the 2004–05 season.
On 25 November the Canberra Capitals made the international women's basketball signing coup of the year by enticing Lauren Jackson back to the WNBL with a $220,000 contract to play out the remainder of the season. Jackson received a clearance from her Russian club WBC Spartak Moscow following the assassination of team owner Shabtai von Kalmanovich on 2 November. Jackson was recovering from stress fractures in her back at the AIS when an approach was made to her with funding acquired from a consortium of the ACT government, Canberra businesses and local football clubs, the Canberra Raiders and the ACT Brumbies. Jackson played her first game back in the WNBL on 12 December vs the Perth Lynx, scoring 18 points and taking 7 rebounds. The return of Bishop and Jackson to the Capitals lineup saw the release of Jess McCormack who struggled to make an impact in her time on court.
The Capitals finished the WNBL season 3rd on the table with a 16–6 win–loss record, behind the Bulleen Boomers and Sydney Uni Flames. The team faced the 4th placed Townsville Fire in the second semi-final at the AIS Arena, after the Fire beat Bendigo 84-73 only 4 days earlier in an elimination final. The Capitals dominated a fatigued Townsville, winning 70-39 and in so doing set a WNBL record in limiting Townsville to the lowest score in a finals matchup. The win meant Canberra faced their arch rival Sydney at the Sydney Olympic Park Sports Centre in the Preliminary Final. The Capitals triumphed 61–56 in a physical encounter, winning their way to an 8th Grand Final in a replay of last season's decider against minor premiers Bulleen.
On 6 March 2010, Canberra raised their 8th WNBL banner with a hard-fought 75–70 win over Bulleen at the sold-out State Netball and Hockey Centre in Melbourne. After 23 lead changes during the game, the Capitals finished off the match with a 13–2 run in the last four and a half minutes to clinch the decider. Lauren Jackson was named the Grand Final MVP with 18 points and 13 rebounds but she was well supported by Natalie Hurst who top scored for the Caps with 21 and Marianna Tolo who pulled down 8 rebounds and made 6 blocks through the game. Bulleen swingman Jenna O'Hea top scored for the match with 26 points to go with her 7 rebounds.
2010/11 season
After winning four championships over the past five seasons, the Capitals again entered a rebuilding phase after winning the 2009/10 title. Lauren Jackson departed the club for the third time to re-establish her career in Europe and the United States, captain (and club game record holder) Kellie Abrams retired, while point guard and 206 WNBL game veteran, Natalie Hurst left to join the Aix en Provence club in France on a one-year deal. The loss of Hurst signalled the end of an era for the club given she was the only Capitals player to have suited up for the team in all 7 of their championship wins. Forward Abby Bishop also left the Capitals to join the Dandenong Rangers on a one-year deal after failing to secure a contract with a European club. Reserve guard Chantella Perera became the fourth player to depart, joining Bishop at Dandenong on a one-season deal. Centre Tracey Beatty also decided to take the season off due to her ongoing ankle injuries. These departures left Carly Wilson as the only surviving member of the championship winning starting five from the previous season.
The club was however able to soften the blow of losing Jackson, Beatty and Bishop from the front court by enticing Sydney Flames and Opals powerhouse centre Suzy Batkovic to Canberra on a one-year deal. The club also secured Canberra born point guard Alison Lacey and Dandenong backup point guard Nicole Hunt on a one-year deals to replace Hurst. Lacey returning home in the WNBA off-season after being recruited by the Seattle Storm as the 10th pick in the 2010 WNBA draft. Returning for the Capitals were centre Marianna Tolo and guard Carly Wilson who both signed on for one more season.
The Capitals opened the 2010/11 season with a grand final replay against the Bulleen Boomers at the Veneto Club in Bulleen, winning 79–71. Unfortunately Suzy Batkovic injured her knee in the victory, sitting her out for the following 4 weeks. To cover for the injured centre the Capitals were able to entice Tracey Beatty out of retirement on a short-term contract, which eventuated in her remaining on board for the entire season. The Caps went on to finish second on the WNBL table with an 18–4 record, Bulleen finishing first with a 19–3 record. The scene was set for another grand final showdown between the two powerhouse clubs with Bulleen centre and league MVP Liz Cambage joining swingman Jenna O'Hea in the WNBL All Star 5 (for the second year running) up against Capitals All Star 5 forward Tolo and last year's All Star 5 centre Batkovic, alongside Opal swingman Wilson and the emerging point guard Hunt.
The Capitals lost their first round Semi Final against Bulleen 71–67, after leading 25–12 at quarter time. This result gave Bulleen their second consecutive home Grand Final. Captain Jess Bibby top scored for the Caps with 22 points, while bench forward Hannah Bowley grabbed the most boards with 8. Canberra then took care of Bendigo in the Preliminary Final, winning 83–78, with Wilson top scoring with 21 points and Tolo grabbing 9 boards to go with her 20 points. The win set up another Grand Final showdown with Bulleen, however this time the result was vastly different from 2009/10, with Bulleen coming off a week's break to beat the Capitals 103–78 in the decider, setting a new WNBL record for the highest Grand Final score recorded. Bulleen Point Guard Sharin Milner finished her WNBL career as Grand Final MVP by top scoring for the Boomers with 27 points at a remarkable 82% success rate. Canberra Centre Suzie Batkivic top scored for the game with 28 points with Michelle Cosier chipping in 19, however the Boomers were far too good on the day with five players scoring in double figures, securing the club's first WNBL grand final win in emphatic style.
2011/12 season
The 2011/12 season saw significant turnover in the Capitals roster. During the offseason the team lost Opals centre Suzy Batkovic to the Adelaide Lightning, centre Tracey Beatty to retirement, point guard Nicole Romeo to the Townsville Fire as well as forwards Rebecca Haynes and Michaela Dalgleish and guard Alison Lacey. The Capitals recruited forwards Molly Lewis from Sydney, Brigitte Ardossi from the Georgia Tech Yellow Jackets and Lauren Angel from University of Portland, guard Mikaela Dombkins who sat out the 2010/11 WNBL season due to injuries, as well as two Canberra locals, forward Alice Coddington returning from Utah State University and swingman Abbie Davis. During the preseason the Capitals also lost their key starting off-guard Michelle Cosier for at least the first half of the season, to osteitis pubis.
The Capitals season began with a difficult road trip to play the defending champions Bulleen at the Veneto Club and Dandenong at the Dandenong Basketball stadium. The Capitals struggled for offensive cohesion in both games, losing the first 68-88 and the second 63–66. As a result, the club enticed veteran post player Natalie Porter out of retirement to assist centre Marianna Tolo under the basket. Unfortunately the Capitals were unable to maintain consistency through the season, finishing 8th with a 9–13 record, missing the finals for the first time since 2004/05. After such a disappointing season, the theme of the Capitals' traditional "Mad Tuesday" costume party was "we're no good at basketball, so let's try different sports". Molly Lewis dressed as a Wests Tigers rugby player, Carly Wilson as a cheerleader, Jessica Bibby as a surfer, Michelle Coser as a Canberra Cavalry baseball player, coach Carrie Graf as a golfer, Hannah Bowley as a boxer, Marianna Tolo as a gymnast and Nicole Hunt as a Carlton Blues footballer.
2012/13 season
At the beginning of the 2011/2012 season, it was announced that Lauren Jackson had signed a $1 million deal to re-join the team for 3 of the next 4 seasons starting in 2012/2013. However, hopes of a dominant front court pairing with Mariana Tolo escaped the Caps with Tolo signing a one-year deal with French club Aix-en-Provence. The club also welcomed forwards Samantha Norwood from the West Coast Waves and American import Valerie Ogoke from St Mary's Academy, California to fill out the front court alongside Jackson and Ardossi.
Unfortunately the 2012/13 season did not pan out as the Capitals would have hoped, as Jackson sat out the entire season with a chronic hamstring injury and the team slumped to finish second last on the table with a 7-17 W/L record, despite starting the season with a 5–3 run. The Capitals backcourt stars Carly Wilson and Jess Bibby struggled to find consistency at the offensive end, particularly during the middle of the season, with Wilson scoring 6.3 ppg at 34.6% and Bibby scoring 12.8 ppg at 36.8%. The front court battled on admirably without a veteran presence in the middle, clearly missing the size and experience of Jackson and the departed Tolo. Highlights for the season included forward Brigitte Ardossi winning the team's MVP award (despite being suspended for the last 3 games of the season) and the continued emergence of young local centre Alex Bunton. The team's inconsistent form was reflected in their wins against premiers Bendigo, fourth placed Townsville and last year's grand finalist Bulleen, alongside two losses to last placed West Coast. For the first time since 1998/99 the Capitals had missed the WNBL finals two seasons running.
Despite the turmoil of Jackson's injury and the indifferent form of the team late in the season, the Capitals were boosted by coach Carrie Graf choosing to stand down from the Opals head coaching role, committing to the club for another three seasons in February 2013.
2013/14 season
After a difficult end to the 2012/13 season the Capitals began talks with Jackson to renegotiate her contract and play for the club in 2013/14 in lieu of 2015/16. Despite some interest from Jackson, the negotiations fell through and her contract to play for the Capitals through the 2014/15 and 2015/16 seasons remained unchanged. Despite this setback, Canberra continued to be active in the player market, luring back point guard Natalie Hurst from Europe on a one-year deal and forward Abby Bishop, who signed a multi-season deal to return to the Capitals for the 2013/14 and 2015/16 seasons. Bishop brought with her French guard Isabelle Strunc, a team-mate from the French WBL club Perpignan after that club collapsed from financial difficulties. The Caps also secured young centre Carley Mijovic from the Dandenong Rangers to support Alex Bunton in the middle. These signings were offset by the departure of forward Bridgette Ardossi and guard Mikaela Dombkins to Melbourne-based clubs, along with exciting young prospect, guard Casey Samuels who exited her 2-year deal with the Capitals to return home to Sydney. Swingman Michelle Cosier also sat out the season with the pregnancy of her second child. Despite a season from Abby Bishop worthy of an MVP nomination, finishing the year with 18.5 ppg (3rd in the league) and 10.35 rpg (2nd in the league), supported by solid performances from Mijovic (9.4 ppg) and Bibby (14.9 ppg), the Capitals struggled for consistency throughout the season. The team missed the finals for the third year running, finishing the season in equal 6th position, tied with Sydney on a 10-14 W/L record.
2014/15 season
The 2014/15 season was another year of player turnover at the club. Young centres Carley Mijovic and Alex Bunton departed for Adelaide, Isabelle Strunc returned to France to play with Nice and Natalie Hurst returned to Hungary, signing a contract with PEAC Pecs. Returning to the club were veterans Lauren Jackson and Michelle Cosier, while point guard Kristen Veal pulled on a Capitals singlet for the first time since the 2005/06 season, after the Logan Thunder folded at the end of the 2013/14 season. The club also signed star Adelaide forward Stephanie Talbot, guard Hanna Zavecz from the Thunder and brought back forward Sam Norwood to help Jackson, Bishop and Talbot in the front court.
2015/16 season
For the first time in eleven years, the Capitals had a new coach in Paul Goriss. Without Lauren Jackson and sufficient crowds to fill the AIS Arena after the dismal 2014/15 Season in which the Capitals won only two games out of 24 and finished ninth, the Capitals retreated back to their old home base, the tin shed with wooden benches that was the Southern Cross Stadium in Tuggeranong. The season saw considerable improvement, with the Capitals winning 13 games out of 24, but Round 19 loss to the Adelaide Lightning—the league's bottom-ranked side—ended hopes of the Capitals making the playoffs again, and they finished a disappointing fifth. Mikaela Ruef was the only player to average a double-double through the regular season, with 32.8 points and 19.5 rebounds per game. The season saw the return of Marianna Tolo, who was named the Capitals' MVP and the WNBL Defensive Player of the Year. Tolo led the league with 58 blocks for the season, averaged 5.5 defensive rebounds per game, and was ranked third in the league in points scored, averaging 18.1 per game, and rebounds, with 8.5 per game. At the other end of the court, Tolo shot 56% from the field and 85% from the free-throw line. An important acquisition was Keely Froling. The end of the season saw the retirement of Carly Wilson, who was seventh in the list of all-time WNBL games played, but not the last; she returned in 2017-18 as an assistant coach.
2017/18 season
For the 2017/18 season, the Capitals moved from Tuggeranong to the air-conditioned and far more comfortable National Convention Centre Canberra, where a basketball court was constructed in the Royal Theatre for $250,000, split evenly between the ACT government and the University of Canberra, the team's major sponsor. Despite solid performances from captain Nat Hurst, Abbey Wehrung, who averaged 9.5 points per game, and Kate Gaze, who shot 35% from the three-point line for 7.4 points per game, the Capitals' court performance oscillated between disappointing and dismal. Following an opening round win that saw them briefly on top of the WNBL ladder, the Capitals went on a thirteen-game losing streak, missing the finals for the seventh year in a row, and finishing sixth.
2018/19 season
An intense recruiting effort saw the Capitals signing Kelly Wilson from Townsville, Kelsey Griffin from Bendigo, Kristy Wallace from the Baylor Lady Bears basketball, and Opals Marianna Tolo and Leilani Mitchell. Kia Nurse, a no. 10 draft pick in the WNBA and a two-time NCAA champion with the University of Connecticut was brought in from Canada. They joined Capitals Lauren Scherf, Keely Froling and Maddison Rocci. The team was impressive on paper, but were carrying a host of ailments: Griffin had played just six games in 2017/18 after surgery and hamstring problems; Mitchell had missed the 2018 FIBA Women's Basketball World Cup on account of a leg injury; and Tolo and Wallace had torn an ACL. Goriss retained Carly Wilson as an assistant coach. She was joined on the coaching bench by Phil Brown, a veteran development coach who helped over 30 players become Olympians, including Lauren Jackson, and Penny Taylor, and Bec Goddard, an Australian football coach who had led the Adelaide Crows to the AFLW premiership in 2017, but had returned to Canberra to coach the Canberra Demons in the NEAFL. The Capitals adopted the slogan: "Go Big".
Three straight wins at the start of the season aroused cautious hopes that "maybe, just maybe, this group can bring an eighth banner to Canberra." This was reflected in crowd sizes; 12,000 spectators went through the gates in their ten regular season home games, more than double the season before. The regular season ended with the Capitals winning nine games in a row, and the Capitals finished on top of the ladder. This became eleven when the Capitals notched up back-to-back semifinal wins against Perth. Some 4,120 fans packed the AIS Arena to watch the Capitals defeat Adelaide in the first game of the best-of-three Grand Final series, and then 4,817 for the third game after a controversial one-point loss to Adelaide to watch the Capitals post a 20-point win and claim an eighth premiership. Capitals captain Kelsey Griffin was awarded the Rachael Sporn medal for the best player in the grand final series for the third time, and was both the Capitals' and the WNBL's MVP. On International Women's Day 2019, the Capitals were named the 2019 Canberra Citizens of the Year.
2019/20 season
First order of business for the 2019/20 season was re-signing Paul Goriss as coach. For assistant coaches he retained Carly Wilson, and recruited the 2019 Waratah League Women's Coach of The Year, Jenny Lonergan, and former capitals player Kristen Veal. Kelsey Griffin, Keely Froling and Kristy Wallace already had contracts in place, and the Capitals quickly moved to re-sign Mariana Tolo. Griffin and Tolo were named co-captains for the season. Griffin had suffered a broken plantar plate in the 2019 semi-final in January which precluded her playing for the Minnesota Lynx in the WNBA during the off season. Kia Nurse was re-signed, but her commitments with the New York Liberty in the WNBA and the Canadian national team meant she arrived back in Canberra just days before the start of round one. She went on to win player of the round nonetheless.
A major gap in the line up was caused by the departure of point guards Kelly Wilson and Leilani Mitchell. To replace them, the Capitals recruited French player Olivia Epoupa. and 20-year-olds Maddison Rocci and Abby Cubillo, They also signed 23-year-old Alex Delaney, and picked up 17-year-old Gemma Potter, who had played for the U17s Sapphires and U19s Gems national sides at the FIBA World Championships where she had won bronze and silver, 18-year-old Basketball Australia Centre of Excellence rising star Lily Scanlon, and three development players: Shakera Reilly, Pyper Thornberry and Maddy Wheatley. Mikaela Ruef was signed as an additional forward, but she was still a US citizen; WNBL rules permitted only two foreign imports per team, and the Capitals already had two in Kia Nurse and Olivia Epoupa. Processing of her paperwork by the US and Australian immigration departments took longer than expected, and she missed the seven-game minimum required to be eligible to play in finals, and eventually departed for France without playing a single game.
The season opened with a grand final rematch against the Adelaide Lightning. In a sign of things to come, the Capitals fought back from a ten-point deficit to thake the win. The season saw the Capitals struggle with a series of injuries; Kelsey Griffin was sidelined with an ankle injury after the losing round nine game against the Southside Flyers, requiring Keely Froling to step up, which she did, notching up a double-double and career-high of 30 points and 10 rebounds in the round 10 match against Benfigo Spirit. Bushfires in New South Wales caused the cancellation of the round twelve clash against Perth Lynx due to Canberra's poor air quality, prompting Nurse and Griffin to pledge $5 to bushfire relief for every point scored by the Capitals over the next five rounds.
In round fourteen, Froling had her nose and cheekbone broken by Melbourne Boomer Sophie Cunningham, but still played on, and scored the winning basket for the Capitals in extra time. During the semi-finals, Cunningham punched Froling in her broken nose, for which the WNBL Incident Review Panel fined Cunningham $250. Cunningham had already been fined $500 for a hit on Maddison Rocci in the January game, but the Incident Review Panel decision allowed Cunningham to play in the deciding semi-final against the Capitals. This could be compared with Paul Goriss's $2,500 in 2019 for criticising the referees, and Froling's $2,000 in medical bills. When Froling and Tolo took to Twitter to vent their anger at the decision, they were fined $250 as well. But the Capitals went on to win the deciding game of the semi-final series, 77–64.
The Capitals went on to win the first game of the Grand Final series by a slender two points, and then, in front of a home town crowd at the AIS arena, fought their way back from a ten-point deficit to claim their ninth WNBL title. Kia Nurse was named the winner of the Suzy Batkovic Medal for season MVP, the first time a foreign player had won. She was presented with the medal by Lauren Jackson before the first semi-final match. Paul Goriss was named league coach of the year, and Olivia Epoupa took out the Rachael Sporn medal for Grand Final MVP after notching up 16 points, 7 rebounds and 11 assists on the night.
Players
Current roster
Former players
Coaches and staff
Head coaches
The Capitals have had 11 head coaches since their WNBL inception in 1986:
Notes
Across the years of 1986–1994, Jerry Lee coached four seasons (1986, 1991–1992, 1994)
Across the years of 2002–2005, Tom Maher coached two seasons (2002–03 & 2004–05)
Across the years of 1999–2016, Carrie Graf coached fifteen seasons (1999–2002, 2003–04, 2005–2016)
Win/Loss statistics stand as of the end of the 2022–23 WNBL season
References
External links
Women's National Basketball League teams
Basketball teams established in 1984
Basketball teams in the Australian Capital Territory
Articles containing video clips
University and college sports clubs in Australia
University of Canberra
Sports clubs and teams in Canberra | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/University%20of%20Canberra%20Capitals |
Sir Robert Ramsay Mackenzie, 10th Baronet (21 July 1811 – 19 September 1873) was a pastoralist and politician in Queensland, Australia. He was Premier of Queensland, Australia from August 1867 to November 1868.
Early life
Mackenzie was born in Coul, Ross-shire, Scotland, fourth son of Sir George Steuart Mackenzie, and wife Mary, fifth daughter of Donald Macleod of Geanies, Ross-shire.
New South Wales
In April 1832 Mackenzie arrived on the Wave in Sydney, New South Wales, with £750 joining his brother James. He purchased sheep for £500 and grazed them at Riddlesdale (near Dungog, New South Wales). After land speculation with his brother James, Robert Mackenzie bought a station, got into debt and borrowed money from his Scottish relatives. His financial situation worsened and he was declared bankrupt in 1844. In 1846 he was discharged from bankruptcy and was appointed a magistrate in 1847, living in Clifton, New England.
Political career
Queensland was declared a separate colony in 1859, Mackenzie entered politics and became Colonial Treasurer on 15 December 1859 in the ministry of Robert Herbert. Mackenzie represented Burnett in the Legislative Assembly of Queensland 1860–1869. Mackenzie formed a government on the resignation of Arthur Macalister, taking on the roles of both Premier and Colonial Treasurer. He resigned on 25 November 1868.
Personal life
Robert Mackenzie married Louise Alexandrina Jones, daughter of Richard Jones, a member of the New South Wales Legislative Council, Sydney, in 1846. One of their daughters, Mary Louisa, married Alexander Archer, a brother of Archibald Archer. Both Mary and Alexander died in the 1890 sinking of the RMS Quetta.
Robert Mackenzie succeeded his brother William on his death on 21 December 1868 to the baronetcy and returned to live on the family estate in Scotland in 1871. Sir Robert died at 6 Atherstone Terrace, Queen’s Gate Gardens, London on the 19th September, 1873.
See also
Members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly, 1860–1863; 1863–1867; 1867–1868; 1868–1870
References
R. B. Joyce, 'Mackenzie, Sir Robert Ramsay (1811 - 1873)', Australian Dictionary of Biography, Volume 5, MUP, 1974, pp 171–172.
Additional resources listed by the Australian Dictionary of Biography
C. A. Bernays, Queensland Politics During Sixty Years (Brisb, 1919)
J. F. Campbell, ‘Discovery and early pastoral settlement of New England’, JRAHS, 8 (1922)
Brisbane Courier, 28 July 1862
The Times (London), 24 September 1873, p 5
P. D. Wilson, The Political Career of Hon. A. Macalister (B.A. Hons thesis, University of Queensland, 1969)
Bankruptcy papers, 1250 (State Records New South Wales)
Land and Colonial Secretary's files (Queensland State Archives).
1811 births
1873 deaths
Premiers of Queensland
Baronets in the Baronetage of Nova Scotia
Scottish emigrants to colonial Australia
Younger sons of baronets
Treasurers of Queensland
19th-century Australian politicians
Members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir%20Robert%20Mackenzie%2C%2010th%20Baronet |
The SS-50 bus was an early computer bus designed as a part of the SWTPC 6800 Computer System that used the Motorola 6800 CPU. The SS-50 motherboard would have around seven 50-pin connectors for CPU and memory boards plus eight 30-pin connectors for I/O boards. The I/O section was sometimes called the SS-30 bus.
Southwest Technical Products Corporation introduced this bus in November 1975 and soon other companies were selling add-in boards. Some of the early boards were floppy disk systems from Midwest Scientific Instruments, Smoke Signal Broadcasting, and Percom Data; an EPROM programmer from the Micro Works; video display boards from Gimix; memory boards from Seals. By 1978 there were a dozen SS-50 board suppliers and several compatible SS-50 computers.
In 1979 SWTPC modified the SS-50 bus to support the new Motorola MC6809 processor. These changes were compatible with most existing boards and this upgrade gave the SS-50 Bus a long life. SS-50 based computers were made until the late 1980s.
The SS-50C bus, the S/09 version of the SS-50 bus, extended the address by four address lines to 20 address lines to allow up to a megabyte of memory in a system.
Boards for the SS-50 bus were typically 9 inches wide and 5.5 inches high. The board had Molex 0.156 inch connectors while the motherboard had the pins. This arrangement made for low cost printed circuit boards that did not need gold plated edge connectors. The tin plated Molex connectors were only rated for a few insertions and were sometimes a problem in hobbyist systems where the boards were being swapped often. Later systems would often come with gold plated Molex connectors.
The SS-30 I/O Bus had the address decoding on the motherboard. Each slot was allocated 4 address (the later MC6809 version upped this to 16 address.) This made for very simple I/O boards, the Motorola peripheral chips connected directly to this bus. Cards designed using the SS-30 bus often had their external connectors mounted such that they were accessible outside the computer chassis when installed in SWTPC motherboards.
SS-50 and SS-30 gallery
Click the images to enlarge.
References
Computer buses
SS-50 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SS-50%20bus |
FIH may refer to:
FIH Erhvervsbank A/S, a Danish corporate and investment bank specialising in lending to Danish corporates
Falkland Islands Holdings, a company which plays a key role in the economy of the Falkland Islands
International Hockey Federation, the global governing body for the sport of field hockey
The Prince's Foundation for Integrated Health, a small charity promoting the healthy lifestyle choices to promotes wellbeing
Kinshasa International Airport's IATA airport code
Calcium-sensing receptor, GPCR
FIH Mobile, a mobile phone manufacturer producing Nokia-branded featurephones.
Fih may refer to :
Fih, Lebanon, a municipality situated in Koura District | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FIH |
The National Museum of Contemporary Art (Chiado Museum, in Portuguese: Museu Nacional de Arte Contemporânea do Chiado – MNAC) is an art museum located in the Chiado neighbourhood of Lisbon, Portugal. It was created in 1911 and re-inaugurated, in new installations, in 1994.
The museum covers the period between 1850 and 1950, with works by the foremost Portuguese artists of the period, as well as some foreigners. It holds the best collection of Portuguese painting and sculpture from the Romanticism, Naturalism, and Modern periods.
Among the artists represented are António Silva Porto, António Carneiro, António Soares dos Reis, Miguel Ângelo Lupi, Columbano Bordalo Pinheiro, Amadeo de Souza Cardoso, Abel Manta, Dórdio Gomes, Adriano Sousa Lopes, José de Almada Negreiros, Nadir Afonso, Mário Eloy, Francisco Augusto Metrass, Mónica de Miranda, Auguste Rodin, and many others. The museum also hosts temporary exhibitions.
Since 1911, the Chiado Museum has occupied part of the old Convent of São Francisco (Saint Francis) in Lisbon, a building of mediaeval origin. The 1994 adaptation and renovation of the museum areas were done by French architect Jean-Michel Wilmotte.
Recent history
2021
During the confinements due to the COVID-19 pandemic, the Education Service launched the online lecture cycle ‘Conversas Sobre o Retrato’ that gave voice to several scholars specialized in Art History, Art Criticism, Painting, Photography, Literature and Fashion, as well as the drawing and painting course ‘O Fungagá das Artes’ presented by artists Nelson Ferreira and António Faria. ‘O Fungagá das Artes’ proved to be extremely popular and reached 42,000 families per episode. The thousands of drawings made at home served as a ticket to MNAC for the whole family. The program ‘O Fungagá das Artes’ was later awarded by the Portuguese Association of Museology with the APOM 2022 Award for best Education and Cultural Mediation Project.
2022
As the museum is a space for dialogue and that caters for all age groups, the exhibition for children "The other life of animals" was organised. This show brought together several artists, having as its theme the loss of biodiversity. MNAC also organized the first ever exhibition of Veloso Salgado in France, with about 60 artworks, making known the connection of this master to the painters of Wissant. It also inaugurated Nelson Ferreira's exhibition "Painting rarefied the spirit" which was the fruit of the first artistic residency in MNAC's Sculpture Garden. This show displayed watercolours inspired by the museum's permanent collection, and these paintings were a tribute to academic artists. The blue tones present in the paintings executed during this artistic residency led to the creation of the experimental short film Azul no Azul (English title:Blue in Blue).
References
External links
Chiado Museum official website
The National Museum of Contemporary Art (Chiado) on Google Arts & Culture
Chiado Museum website
1911 establishments in Portugal
Art museums established in 1911
Museums in Lisbon
Art museums and galleries in Portugal
Contemporary art galleries in Europe
Modern art museums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Museum%20of%20Contemporary%20Art%20%28Portugal%29 |
Frodsham railway station serves the town of Frodsham, Cheshire, England. The station is managed by Transport for Wales. It was opened along with the line in 1850 and the station building is recorded in the National Heritage List for England as a designated Grade II listed building. This was restored in 2012 and is in private ownership.
The station is unstaffed, however the North Cheshire Rail Users Group have "adopted" the station and work on a voluntary basis to keep it looking clean and tidy.
Facilities
Although unstaffed (as noted), the station has a self-service ticket machine (card payments only) to allow intending passengers to buy before boarding or to collect pre-paid tickets. Train running information is provided by CIS displays, timetable posters and a pay phone. Waiting shelters are also provided on both sides. Step-free access is available to both platforms, although the footbridge between them has stairs.
Services
The station is served by an hourly Transport for Wales service to Manchester Airport via Warrington Bank Quay, an hourly service to Liverpool Lime Street also operated by Transport for Wales, and another hourly service to Leeds operated by Northern Trains. In the other direction, services run to Chester, with trains from Manchester often continuing along the North Wales Coast Line as far as Llandudno, while trains from Liverpool and Leeds currently terminate at Chester save for a single service to Wrexham on weekday and Saturday evenings for the Liverpool service. On Sundays trains only run between Manchester and Chester and Liverpool and Chester.
Frodsham is also served by the infrequent (three trains per day, now northbound only) Northern Trains-operated service between Manchester Victoria and Ellesmere Port, with a one-a-day extension to Leeds. This does not run on Saturdays and Sundays.
Expansion of services
Northern's planned Leeds–Manchester Victoria–Chester service stops here since its launch in May 2019, though only at weekday peak times in the current (May 2019) timetable.
Halton curve
North of Frodsham station, a connecting line to Runcorn (the Halton Curve) diverges. This line was, until September 2018, served by just one "parliamentary" passenger train a week (which operated on summer Saturdays only) to fulfil legal and contractual obligations and keep the line "open" in accordance with Government legislation. The curve had lost its regular service in May 1975, but continued to be used by seasonal passenger trains between Liverpool Lime Street and Llandudno until 1994 (hence the summer-only service requirement). The train started from Chester and ran non-stop to Runcorn, passing through Frodsham without calling.
In May 2019 regular service was reintroduced between Liverpool Lime Street and Chester, via Runcorn, with one train per hour every day. Transport for Wales Rail also run two trains a day from Wrexham General to Liverpool Lime Street with one in the opposite direction. These services were originally planned to start in December 2018; however, this was delayed due to a shortage of available rolling stock.
See also
Listed buildings in Frodsham
References
Further reading
External links
Grade II listed buildings in Cheshire
Grade II listed railway stations
Railway stations in Cheshire
Former Birkenhead Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1850
Northern franchise railway stations
Railway stations served by Transport for Wales Rail
Frodsham
DfT Category F1 stations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frodsham%20railway%20station |
Parliamentary elections were held in Greece on 25 September 1932. All 250 seats in the Lower House of the Greek Parliament, the Chamber of Deputies, were elected, as well as one-third of the seats in the Senate. The outcome was an ambivalent result for the two biggest parties, the Liberal Party of Eleftherios Venizelos and the People's Party. The People's Party received a plurality of votes in the Chamber of Deputies elections, but won fewer seats than the Liberal Party. The Liberals also won the most seats in the Senate.
These were the last elections for the Senate, as it was abolished in 1935.
Results
Chamber of Deputies
Senate
References
Parliamentary elections in Greece
Greece
Legislative election
1930s in Greek politics
Election 1932
History of Greece (1924–1941)
Greece
Election and referendum articles with incomplete results
Legl | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1932%20Greek%20legislative%20election |
Paduka Sri Sultan Zainal Rashid Mu'adzam Shah II ibni Almarhum Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Mukarram Shah (4 September 1857 – 22 September 1881) was the 25th Sultan of Kedah. He reigned from 1879 to 1881. He was the son of Sultan Ahmad Tajuddin Mukarram Shah with Wan Tan binti Almarhum Luang Nik Abidin. He married Tengku Mariam binti Almarhum Tengku Ziauddin and had only a princess, Tengku Aishah.
Tunku Aishah married the Sultan of Langkat, Sultan Abdul Aziz Abdul Djalil Rahmat Shah.
He was poisoned and died during detention in Ligor, Nakhon Si Thammarat on 22 September 1881 and was succeeded by his brother Sultan Abdul Hamid Halim Shah I, and then by his half-brother as, Sultan Abdul Hamid Halim Shah II in 1881.
External links
List of Sultans of Kedah
1857 births
1881 deaths
Deaths by poisoning
19th-century murdered monarchs
19th-century Sultans of Kedahhttps://kedahligor.blogspot.com/?m=1 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zainal%20Rashid%20Mu%27adzam%20Shah%20II%20of%20Kedah |
Gagik II (; c. 1025 - May 5/November 24, 1079) was the last Armenian king of the Bagratuni dynasty. Known as Gagik II King of Ani (Ani being the capital of the kingdom at the time) he was enthroned as Gagik II and ruled for a brief period from 1042 to 1045 before the Bagratid dynasty rule collapsed in Armenia.
Historical background
During the reign of Hovhannes-Smbat (John-Smbat), a feudal lord, David, who owned Taik during his battles against the Muslims, gained a large area which stretched all the way to Manzikert. David was a subject of Byzantium and when he died his entire territory was occupied by Basil II, who had resumed the policy of, bit by bit, annexing Armenia to his empire.
This policy of occupation and expansion was also pursued by the successors of Basil II. By the death of Hovhannes-Smbat around 1040 and that of Ashot IV shortly after, Michael V, one of the successors of Basil II, was the emperor cornering Armenia. Michael claimed that the Kingdom of Ani by virtue of the will of Hovhannes-Smbat, was bequeathed to the Byzantine Empire upon his death.
When the Armenian sparapet, Vahram Pahlavuni, prepared the coronation of the successor to Hovhannes-Smbat, the king's nephew, Gagik II, who at that time was only fourteen years old, the Byzantine emperor began supporting vestes Sargis Haykazn, a pro-Byzantine Armenian prince and minister of the former king, who had initially been appointed regent. After this the kingdom of Ani resisted three assaults of the Byzantine Empire, forcing them to retreat. Byzantium exerted its forces to the utmost in order to conquer Armenia and once and for all annexing it to the empire. To this end, they sent a great army to the southern part of Armenia and at the same time convinced the king of Tashir-Dzoraget to attack Ani from the east. At the fierce battle that was fought by the walls of Ani, general Vahram Pahlavuni heavily defeated the Byzantine army, forcing them to leave 20,000 dead behind, according to contemporary Armenian chroniclers. This victory allowed Vahram Pahlavuni along with Catholicos Petros I Getadardz to crown Gagik II king of Armenia and subsequently take the fortress of Ani, which was in the hands of Vest Sargis. Sargis fled to the fortress of St. Mary and was eventually captured.
After this victory, the new Armenian king, together with Vahram, turned toward their second enemy, the Seljuq Turks, who were still intent on conquering the kingdom. In the following two years Gagik reinforced the army and fought against Seljuq hordes. Gregory Pahlavuni nephew of Vahram, defended the fortress of Bjni. The Armenian army hurried to confront the enemy at the location of the present-day Lake Sevan, where the king and his commander split the Armenian army into two units. The first division engaged in a battle with the Seljuq Turks and then pretended to retreat, drawing the Turks in pursuit toward the second army that was lying in ambush. The battle ended with a catastrophic defeat for the Seljuq Turks. In the Kingdom of Vaspurakan, formerly under the protection of the Byzantine Empire where the population had been deserted by the imperial army, the people eagerly anticipated the Armenian king would be driving the Seljuq Turks out of their homeland. Under leadership of Gagik II, known for his courage as "the Lion," the Armenians revolted and the Turks were forced to retreat to Khoy and Salmas.
Deceit of Gagik II
Vahram began negotiations with the new Byzantine emperor Constantine IX Monomachus. Gagik II offered to be a vassal of the emperor, but the Byzantines did not accept it and prepared a new expedition entrusted to the Duke of Iberia, Michael Iasites, but he failed in the face of Armenian resistance. Emperor Constantine wished to continue the policy of his predecessors and therefore sent an army to conquer Armenia, whilst inciting the Kurdish emir of Dvin, Abu'l-Aswar, to attack Armenia from the east. King Gagik II, however, managed to placate Abu'l-Aswar by sending him gifts. This allowed Gagik to concentrate his forces against the Byzantines, eventually forcing them to flee. Gagik II proved his worth for the throne and the reputation of a fighting king, which had passed on to him from the very first kings in the Bagratuni dynasty. The Byzantines soon realized that if Armenia could not be conquered by force, it could be taken by treachery. Gagik pardoned Vest Sargis, whose loyalties, however, remained with Byzantium, fostering the hope of being appointed as king of Armenia if Byzantium was to conquer Armenia. With the assistance of Vest Sargis, the Byzantine emperor invited Gagik II to Constantinople to sign an allegedly permanent peace-treaty. Gagik II was invited to visit Constantinople. There the emperor demanded that the Armenian king abdicate and hand over the throne to him, and as he refused to do so was thrown into jail. The Byzantines promptly sent an army to Armenia, which was now leaderless.
In lieu of its rightful king, Armenians considered offering the throne of Ani to David I Anhoghin of Lori or to the emir of Dvin, Abu'l-Aswar, married to the sister of David Anhoghin. Even Bagrat IV of Georgia was considered but surprisingly not the Bagratuni King Gagik-Abas II of Kars. The patriarch Petros did not approve of any of the three candidates and finally conceded the delivery to the Byzantines of the city of Ani and other fortresses. With his connivance, the Byzantines were finally able to occupy Ani in 1045. The country was incorporated into the empire.
Despite not having been considered for the position, Gagik-Abas of Kars claimed the position of king of all of Armenia following Gagik's abdication. Twenty years later in 1065, Gagik-Abas also abdicated and ceded his lands to the Byzantine Empire.
Exile years
Gagik received as compensation for his kingdom the district of Lycandus in Asia Minor as well as the lands in Tzamandos, Larissa, Amaseia and Comana in the vicinity of Caesarea in 1064. it was in Tzamandos that the new catholicos Gregory II the Martyrophile was consecrated in 1065. Gagik was also granted the use of a palace on the Bosphorus in Constantinople and a pension from the imperial treasury. Several seals testify "Kakikios Aniotes" (Gagik of Ani) as duke of the thema of Charsianon. During his time in exile, according to Matthew of Edessa, Gagik also took part in a theological debate between him and the Byzantine emperor in Constantinople, defending the Armenian Church and its tradition and rites.
The Metropolitan of Caesarea, named Markos, lost no occasion to express his scorn toward Gagik, whom he considered a heretic. After several insults by Markos directed against him, Gagik eventually murdered the bishop, an act that made Gagik even more unpopular among the locals. As the story goes, it is said the Bishop had a dog named Armen, so as to scorn the Armenians. One day, Gagik visited the bishop, had the dog put in a canvas bag and beat with sticks. He then had the Bishop seized and placed in the same bag with the dog, now maddened by pain. The bishop died in pain from the wounds inflicted by his own dog. Gagik was captured and later killed on May 5/November 24, 1079 by the Byzantine governors (three brothers) of Kyzistra, who had his body mutilated and hanged from the fort for others to see. His body was later buried outside the fort but was later said to have been secretly conveyed by an Armenian from Ani named Banik to a convent he had built in a city called Pizu.
Shortly after Gagik was killed, his youngest son David was poisoned by his father-in-law for suspected treachery. Gagik's eldest son Hovhannes had married the daughter of Ablgharib, the Byzantine-appointed Orthodox Armenian governor of Tarsus and Mamistra. Hovhannes had a son Ashot who was poisoned and his body brought to Pizu. Hovhannes did not survive his son by long, at which time the posterity of the senior male Bagratian line of kings of Armenia was extinct.
During the reign of Thoros I of the Armenian Kingdom of Cilicia the death of king Gagik II was avenged by the Armenian forces who took the fortress of Kyzistra and executed the three Byzantines who had killed the last Armenian King of Ani.
In fiction
Gagik appears as a character in Ani Betrayed, Bagrat Ayvaziants' novel which chronicles the fall of Ani and the Bagratid line.
References
Bagratuni dynasty
Kings of Bagratid Armenia
11th-century Armenian people
11th-century monarchs in Asia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gagik%20II%20of%20Armenia |
The following is a glossary of traditional English-language terms used in the three overarching cue sports disciplines: carom billiards referring to the various games played on a billiard table without ; pool, which denotes a host of games played on a table with six pockets; and snooker, played on a large pocket table, and which has a sport culture unto itself distinct from pool. There are also games such as English billiards that include aspects of multiple disciplines.
Definitions and language
The term "" is sometimes used to refer to all of the cue sports, to a specific class of them, or to specific ones such as English billiards; this article uses the term in its most generic sense unless otherwise noted.
The labels "British" and "UK" as applied to entries in this glossary refer to terms originating in the UK and also used in countries that were fairly recently part of the British Empire and/or are part of the Commonwealth of Nations, as opposed to US (and, often, Canadian) terminology. The terms "American" or "US" as applied here refer generally to North American usage. However, due to the predominance of US-originating terminology in most internationally competitive pool (as opposed to snooker), US terms are also common in the pool context in other countries in which English is at least a minority language, and US (and borrowed French) terms predominate in carom billiards. Similarly, British terms predominate in the world of snooker, English billiards, and blackball, regardless of the players' nationalities.
The term "blackball" is used in this glossary to refer to both blackball and eight-ball pool as played in the UK, as a shorthand. Blackball was chosen because it is less ambiguous ("eight-ball pool" is too easily confused with the international standardized "eight-ball"), and blackball is globally standardized by an International Olympic Committee-recognized governing body, the World Pool-Billiard Association (WPA); meanwhile, its ancestor, eight-ball pool, is largely a folk game, like North American , and to the extent that its rules have been codified, they have been done so by competing authorities with different rulesets. (For the same reason, the glossary's information on eight-ball, nine-ball, and ten-ball draws principally on the stable WPA rules, because there are many competing amateur leagues and even professional tours with divergent rules for these games.)
Foreign-language terms are generally not within the scope of this list, unless they have become an integral part of billiards terminology in English (e.g. ), or they are crucial to meaningful discussion of a game not widely known in the English-speaking world.
1–9
A
B
C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
K
L
M
N
O
P
Q
R
S
T
U
V
W
Y
Z
References
Glossary
Glossaries of sports
Sports terminology
Game terminology
Glossary
Articles containing video clips
Cue sports related lists
Wikipedia glossaries using description lists
Wikipedia glossaries using unordered lists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossary%20of%20cue%20sports%20terms |
Camazepam is a benzodiazepine psychoactive drug, marketed under the brand names Albego, Limpidon and Paxor. It is the dimethyl carbamate ester of temazepam, a metabolite of diazepam. While it possesses anxiolytic, anticonvulsant, skeletal muscle relaxant and hypnotic properties it differs from other benzodiazepines in that its anxiolytic properties are particularly prominent but has comparatively limited anticonvulsant, hypnotic and skeletal muscle relaxant properties.
Pharmacology
Camazepam, like others benzodiazepines, produce a variety of therapeutic and adverse effects by binding to the benzodiazepine receptor site on the GABAA receptor and modulating the function of the GABA receptor, the most prolific inhibitory receptor within the brain. The GABA chemical and receptor system mediates inhibitory or calming effects of camazepam on the nervous system.
Compared to other benzodiazepines, it has reduced side effects such as impaired cognition, reaction times and coordination, which makes it best suited as an anxiolytic because of these reduced sides effects.
Animal studies have shown camazepam and its active metabolites possess anticonvulsant properties.
Unlike other benzodiazepines it does not disrupt normal sleep patterns. Camazepam has been shown in animal experiments to have a very low affinity for benzodiazepine receptors compared to other benzodiazepines. Compared to temazepam, camazepam has shown roughly equal anxiolytic properties, and less anticonvulsant, sedative, and motor-impairing properties.
Pharmacokinetics
Following oral administration, camazepam is almost completely absorbed into the bloodstream, with 90 percent bioavailability achieved in humans.
In the human camazepam is metabolised into the active metabolite temazepam. Studies in dogs have shown that the half-life of the terminal elimination phase ranged from 6.4 to 10.5 h.
Medical uses
Camazepam is indicated for the short-term treatment of insomnia and anxiety. As with other benzodiazepines, its use should be reserved for patients in which the sleep disorder is severe, disabling, or causes marked distress.
Adverse effects
With higher doses, such as 40 mg of camazepam, impairments similar to those caused by other benzodiazepines manifest as disrupted sleep patterns and impaired cognitive performance. Skin disorders have been reported with use of camazepam however. One study has shown that camazepam may increase attention.
Research has demonstrated that Camazepam exhibits competitive binding to benzodiazepine receptors within the brain, albeit with a relatively modest affinity in animal models. This interaction with benzodiazepine receptors, facilitated by both Camazepam and its active metabolites, is accountable for the medication's anticonvulsant properties.
Contraindications
Use of camazepam is contraindicated in subjects with known hypersensitivity to drug or allergy to other drugs in the benzodiazepine class or any excipients contained in the pharmaceutical form. Use of camazepam should be avoided or carefully monitored by medical professionals in individuals with the following conditions: myasthenia gravis, severe liver deficiencies (e.g., cirrhosis), severe sleep apnea, pre-existing respiratory depression or cronic pulmonary insufficiency.
See also
Benzodiazepine
References
External links
Inchem - Camazepam
Benzodiazepines
Hypnotics
Carbamates
Lactams
Chloroarenes
GABAA receptor positive allosteric modulators | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Camazepam |
Lomandroideae is a subfamily of monocot flowering plants in the family Asparagaceae, order Asparagales, according to the APG III system of 2009. The subfamily name is derived from the generic name of the type genus, Lomandra. The group has previously been treated as a separate family Laxmanniaceae. In the Kubitzki system, it is treated as Lomandraceae Lotsy.
The subfamily consists of some 15 genera and about 180 species from Australasia, southeast Asia, the Americas and the Pacific Islands. The best-known genus is Cordyline.
Genera
Genera include:
Acanthocarpus Lehm.
Arthropodium R.Br.
Chamaescilla F.Muell. ex Benth.
Chamaexeros Benth.
Cordyline Comm. ex R.Br. (including Cohnia Kunth)
Dichopogon Kunth (may be included in Arthropodium)
Eustrephus R.Br.
Laxmannia R.Br. (including Bartlingia F. Mueller)
Lomandra Labill. (including Xerotes R. Brown)
Murchisonia Brittan
Romnalda P.F.Stevens
Sowerbaea Sm.
Thysanotus R.Br.
Trichopetalum Lindl. (including Bottinaea Colla)
Xerolirion A.S.George
References
External links
NCBI Taxonomy Browser
Asparagales subfamilies | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lomandroideae |
Jay Patrick Lynch (January 7, 1945 – March 5, 2017) was an American cartoonist who played a key role in the underground comix movement with his Bijou Funnies and other titles. He is best known for his comic strip Nard n' Pat and the running gag Um tut sut. His work is sometimes signed Jayzey Lynch. Lynch was the main writer for Bazooka Joe comics from 1967 to 1990; he contributed to Mad, and in the 2000s expanded into the children's book field.
Biography
Lynch was born in Orange, New Jersey, and grew up in Belmar, New Jersey, later moving to Florida.
At age 17, Lynch moved to Chicago in 1963, where he attended art school at night and worked a string of odd jobs, including running a service bar for the improv comedy troupe Second City.
Comix
Lynch's first published cartoons were for the Roosevelt University humor magazine, the Aardvark; he also contributed to a wide range of college humor publications. Lynch soon graduated to professional humor magazines like Sick, Cracked, and The Realist; and when the underground press movement started in the mid-1960s he became a regular contributor to papers like the Chicago Seed, and (thanks to the Underground Press Syndicate) the Berkeley Barb, the East Village Other, Fifth Estate, and others. Beginning in 1967, Lynch became the lead writer for the Bazooka Joe comics, a gig he kept until 1990.
In 1967, Lynch teamed up with fellow Chicago transplant Skip Williamson to publish the underground newspaper The Chicago Mirror, which in 1968 after three issues was renamed and reformatted into the underground comix anthology Bijou Funnies. As Ben Schwartz writes, Bijou Funnies "... would become Chicago's answer to Robert Crumb's Zap Comix, ... with early work by Lynch, Spiegelman, Gilbert Shelton and Skip Williamson." Bijou Funnies was heavily influenced by Mad magazine, and, along with Zap, is considered one of the titles to launch the underground comix movement. Bijou Funnies lasted 8 issues (from 1968 to 1973); a selection of stories from Bijou Funnies were collected in 1975 in the book The Best of Bijou Funnies (Quick Fox/Links Books).
Lynch's best known comic book stories involve the human-cat duo Nard n' Pat, recurring characters in Bijou Funnies. Nard is a bald middle-aged man of conservative tendencies, and Patrick is his more "hip" talking cat. Nard n' Pat were featured in two issues of their own comic, the first one published by Cartoonists Co-Op Press in 1974 (Cartoonists Co-Op Press was a self-publishing venture by Lynch, Kim Deitch, Bill Griffith, Jerry Lane, Willy Murphy, Diane Noomin, and Art Spiegelman that operated in 1973–1974), and the second issue published by Kitchen Sink Press in 1981.
The weekly comic strip Phoebe and the Pigeon People, by Lynch and illustrator Gary Whitney, ran in the Chicago Reader for 17 years in the late 1970s and 1980s; Kitchen Sink Press published 3 issues of a Phoebe & the Pigeon People comic book collecting material from the strip in 1979–1981. Up until his death, Lynch had scans of more than 500 editions of the strip ready for any publisher who saw the potential of a Phoebe and the Pigeon People book.
Trading cards
Beginning in 1968, Lynch became a major contributor to Topps' Wacky Packages and Garbage Pail Kids, plus other Topps humor products. In 2002, he recalled his creative working methods and procedures with Len Brown and others at the Topps' Product Development Department:
Mad, children's books, Mineshaft, and other work
During the 1990s, he began writing for Mad, and he also devised products for Mad merchandising.
Lynch and his wife Carol collaborated in the early 2000s on a series of fine art paintings, selling them under the joint pseudonym "Kringo."
Lynch wrote two children's books for Toon Books in 2008–2009: Otto's Orange Day, illustrated by Frank Cammuso, and Mo and Jo Fighting Together Forever, illustrated by Dean Haspiel.
Jay Lynch was a regular contributor to Mineshaft magazine from 2006 to 2018 with his work appearing in issues 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 (front cover), 24, 25, 30, 31 (front cover), 32, 33, and Mineshaft #35, with front cover art by Robert Crumb, which was the "Jay Lynch Memorial Issue".
Personal life and death
Lynch's first wife Jane Lynch was an occasional contributor to comics in the early 1970s, including pieces she wrote for Arcade #3 (an interview with Bill Griffith's character Zippy the Pinhead) and Skywald Publications's Psycho #17 (a story called "The Lunatic Class Of '64," illustrated by Emilio Bernardo). Lynch and his second wife, Carol, were married for twenty years.
Lynch died from complications of lung cancer on March 5, 2017, in Candor, New York.
Awards
In June 2009, Jay Lynch was nominated for a Harvey Award in the category of "Best Cover Artist" for his Mineshaft #23 cover.
Bibliography
Underground comix
Solo series and as editor:
Bijou Funnies #1–8 (Bijou Publishing Empire, Print Mint, Kitchen Sink, 1968–1973) — editor, contributor
Don Dohler's ProJunior (Kitchen Sink, Oct. 1971) — editor, contributor
Turned on Cuties (Golden Gate Publishing Company, 1972) — editor, contributor
Roxy Funnies (Head Imports, 1972) — editor, contributor
Purple Cat (Adam's Apple Distributing, 1973) — editor, contributor
Nard n' Pat #1-2 (Cartoonists Co-Op Press, 1974; Kitchen Sink, 1981) — Lynch solo series
Phoebe & the Pigeon People #1–3 (Kitchen Sink, 1979–1981) — collection of material from Phoebe and the Pigeon People strip with Gary Whitney (17-year run in the Chicago Reader)
As contributor:
Gothic Blimp Works #1–2 (1969)
Radical America Komiks (Radical America, Jan. 1969)
Bogeyman #2 (San Francisco Comic Book Company, 1969)
Bogeyman #3 (Company & Sons, 1970)
Children's books
As writer:
Otto's Orange Day (Toon Books, 2008) — illustrated by Frank Cammuso
Mo and Jo (Toon Books, 2009) — illustrated by Dean Haspiel
Further reading
"Jay Lynch and the Free Exploration of Ideas: An Interview," The Comics Journal #114 (February 1987).
Ink & Anguish: A Jay Lynch Anthology: Fantagraphics Books, 2018;
References
External links
Lambiek Comiclopedia article about Jay Lynch
Jay Lynch on Ning
Mineshaft: Jay Lynch
Jay Lynch interview (raw audio) for Underdog Zine, c. 1994
Wacky Packages (Harry N. Abrams, 2008)
Greg Grant's Wacky Packages site
Jay Lynch 30-minute interview on The Nick Digilio Show, June 27, 2004.
NPR interview, "Gagging on Products": Jay Lynch (June 10, 2008)
1945 births
2017 deaths
Alternative cartoonists
American children's writers
American comic strip cartoonists
American comics writers
American graphic novelists
American satirists
Mad (magazine) cartoonists
People from Belmar, New Jersey
Artists from Orange, New Jersey
Novelists from New Jersey
Underground cartoonists
American male novelists
Deaths from lung cancer in New York (state)
American male non-fiction writers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jay%20Lynch |
Fort Fillmore, located at 32°13′30″N 106°42′52″W, was a United States military fortification established by Colonel Edwin Vose Sumner in September 1851 near Mesilla in what is now New Mexico, primarily for the purpose of protecting settlers and traders traveling to California. Early frontier migrants were under constant threat from attack by local Native Americans, and a network of forts was eventually created by the U.S. government to protect and encourage westward expansion. Fort Fillmore was intended to protect a corridor plagued by hostile Apaches, where several migration routes converged between El Paso and Tucson to take advantage of Apache Pass.
Construction
Fort Fillmore was originally constructed in the jacal style with upright wood posts plastered over with adobe; later, more substantial adobe walls were erected. Much of the work on the fort was done by the soldiers with the assistance of local Mexican laborers who made the adobe bricks.
The post was built on sand hills above the Rio Grande. The Rio Grande would later change its course, making the fort about 1 mile from the river. This forced the army to use water wagons to supply the post with water and made it hard to defend in the event of attack.
Fort Fillmore served as an operating base for units of the 1st Dragoons, briefly the 2nd Dragoons, Regiment of Mounted Rifles, and the 3rd and briefly the 8th Infantry Regiments. It was for a time the headquarters of the 3rd Infantry Regiment. The troops were active in the Gila Expedition of 1857 and in operations against the Apaches in the Sacramento Mountains. In one foray, Captain Henry W. Stanton, namesake of Fort Stanton, New Mexico, was killed near the Rio Penasco. His grave was one of the few to be identified when the abandoned post was inspected in 1869. Most of the soldiers and civilians interred in the fort's cemetery are still buried there on a sand ridge southeast of the remains of the fort. A fence and flagpole are now located on the cemetery's site.
Fort Fillmore was a stop on the Butterfield Overland Mail.
Possibly the most famous soldier who served at Fort Fillmore was Captain George Pickett. Pickett is best remembered for leading the fateful charge on July 3, 1863 at the Battle of Gettysburg. In 1855, Union General Ambrose Burnside used the fort as a supply point when he drilled geothermal wells about fifteen miles west of the post..
Abandonment
Two days after the Union's unsuccessful attack on Confederate soldiers under the command of Lt. Col. John Baylor at the First Battle of Mesilla on July 25, 1861, Fort Fillmore was set afire and abandoned by the Union army. As they retreated back to Fort Stanton under Major Isaac Lynde, they became desperately thirsty and exhausted. When 300 Confederate soldiers approached the 500 retreating Union soldiers, Lynde surrendered his demoralized troops without firing a shot.
On August 7, 1862, federal troops near Fort Fillmore engaged in a skirmish with Confederate troops retreating from Santa Fe, defeating them.
The fort was officially closed by the Union in October 1862, but sources continue to mention Fort Fillmore as a waypoint along several major routes throughout the period of westward expansion. The Upper and Lower Emigrant Trails converged in El Paso and, along with the Butterfield, Pacific and Overland Trails, passed through the corridor Fort Fillmore was erected to defend. The remains of the fort were leveled at some later date after a failed attempt by the owner to sell or trade it to the State of New Mexico as a park. A grove of pecan trees now stands on the approximate location of the fort.
See also
National Register of Historic Places listings in Doña Ana County, New Mexico
References
Hall, Martin, Sibley's New Mexico Campaign, 1960, UNM Press Albuquerque, NM
External links
Fort Fillmore Lithograph 1854, Lithograph of Fort Fillmore by Carl Schuchard. Schuchard traveled with a crew from the Texas Western Railroad Company that was surveying along the 32nd parallel for a transcontinental railroad route.
FORT FILLMORE
Looking for Fort Fillmore
History of Las Cruces: Retreat from Fort Fillmore
Fillmore
History of Doña Ana County, New Mexico
New Mexico in the American Civil War
New Mexico State Register of Cultural Properties
New Mexico Territory
Fillmore
1851 establishments in New Mexico Territory
1862 disestablishments in New Mexico Territory
National Register of Historic Places in Doña Ana County, New Mexico
American Civil War on the National Register of Historic Places | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort%20Fillmore |
The following were trading posts owned by the Dutch East India Company, presented in geographical sequence from west to east:
Africa
Saint Helena
Saint Helena
South Africa
Cape of Good Hope (Cape Colony): 1652-1806
Mozambique
Jan. 1721 - 23 December 1730.
Delagoa Bay: Fort Lydsaamheid (Jan. 1721 - 23 December 1730.)
Madagascar
Antongil Bay: 1641/2 factory - 1646/7
Mauritius
Mauritius (1638-1658/1664-1710)
Middle East
Yemen
Al Mukha (Mocca) (1620-16../1697-1757)
Aden (1614-1620)
Persia (Iran)
Esfahan (of Ispahan) (1623-1747)
Bandar-e Abbas (of Gamron) (1623-1766)
Kharg, Fort Mosselstein (1750-1766)
Bandar-e Kong (1665-1753)
South Asia
Bangladesh
Dhaka
Dutch settlement in Rajshahi
India
Konkan (northern part of western coast of India)
Surat (1616-1795)
Agra (1621-1720)
Burhanpur
Kanpur (1650-1685)
Ahmadabad (1617-1744)
Bharuch (of Brochia, Broach)
Vengurla (1637-1685)
Kundapura (1667-ca. 1682)
Malabar (southern part of western coast of India)
Veeramala Hills, Cheruvathur (ca. 1701-?)
Cannanore (1663-1790) (taken from Portugal)
Ponnani (ca. 1663)
Cranganore or Cranganor (Kodungallor) (1662) (taken from Portugal)
Cochin de Cima (Pallippuram, Ernakulam) (1661) (taken from Portugal)
Cochin, Cochin de Baixo or Santa Cruz (1663) (taken from Portugal)
Purakkad (ca. 1680-1750)
Kayamkulam (ca. 1645)
Quilon (Kollam) (1661) (taken from Portugal)
Coromandel (eastern coast of India)
Golkonda (1662-ca. 1733)
Bimilipatnam (1687-1795/1818-1825) to the English; now Bheemunipatnam
Jaggernaikpoeram (1734-1795/ 1818-1825) to the English; now Kakinada
Daatzeram (1633-1730); now Drakshawarama
Nagelwanze (1669-1687); now Nagulavancha
Palikol (1613-1781/1785-1795/1818-1825) to the English; now Palakol, Palakollu, or Palacole.
Masulipatnam (1605-1756)
Petapoeli (1606-1668); now Nizampatnam
Paliacatta (1610-1781/1785-1795/1805-1825) to the English; now Pulicat
Sadras (1654-1757/1785-1795), conquered by the British 1818
Tierepopelier (1608-1625); now Thiruppapuliyur or Tirupapuliyur
Tegenapatnam, Kudalur (1608-1758); now Cuddalore
Porto Novo (1608-1825 [1 June]) to the English; now Parangipettai
Negapatnam (1658-1781) to the English.
Tuticorin or Tutucorim (1658); now Thoothukudi
Travancore
Sri Lanka
Dutch Ceylon
Far East
Burma
Siriangh or Syriam (1634-1679); now Thanlyin
Ava (1634-1679)
Pegu (1634-?), still in use in 1677
Prome (1634-1655)
Arakan
Mrohaung (1610-1665)
Martaban
Martaban (1660-?), lasted only for a few years; now Mottama
Thailand (Siam)
Ayutthaya, main quarter, 1613-1767
Patani (Pattani), trading house, 1602-1623
Sangora (Songkhla), trading house, 1607-1623
Ligor (Ligoor, now Nakhon Si Thammarat), trading house, ca. 1640-1756
Malaysia
Malacca (1641-1824)
Dutch East Indies (Indonesia)
Batavia
Vietnam (Tonkin)
Thǎng Long, (comptoir; 1636 - 1699)
Hội An (comptoir; 1636 - 1641)
Taiwan
Anping (Fort Zeelandia)
Tainan (Fort Provincia)
Wang-an, Penghu, Pescadores Islands (Fort Vlissingen; 1620-1624)
Keelung (Fort Noord-Holland, Fort Victoria)
Tamsui (Fort Antonio)
Japan
Hirado (1609-1641)
Deshima (1641-1853)
See also
Dutch Empire
Evolution of the Dutch Empire
List of Dutch West India Company trading posts and settlements
Dutch Empire-related lists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Dutch%20East%20India%20Company%20trading%20posts%20and%20settlements |
Hanlan's Point Beach is a public clothing optional beach situated on Hanlan's Point in the Toronto Islands near Toronto, Ontario on the shore of Lake Ontario.
In 2002, a 1 kilometre-long part of the beach was officially recognized by the city in 2002 as being clothing optional. In 2023, the clothing optional section was expanded to the entire beach.
History
Hanlan's Point was a popular summer destination in the late nineteenth and early twentieth century. It featured a popular amusement park from the 1880s until the late 1920s, the Hanlan's Hotel, built by Edward Hanlan in 1880, and Hanlan's Point Stadium from 1897 until 1937. The hotel burned down in 1909 and was not replaced. The amusement park was unable to compete with the Sunnyside Amusement Park after it opened on the mainland in 1925, and closed in the late 1920s, and the stadium lost its main tenant, the Toronto Maple Leafs baseball team to Maple Leaf Stadium in 1926, and eventually closed in 1937.
Hanlan's Point became a popular meeting location for Toronto's gay community starting in the 1940s and 1950s. Canada’s first Gay Pride celebration was held on the beach in 1971.
Hanlan's Point became a location for nude sunbathing. In 1999, Toronto City Council approved a one-year pilot project for a nude beach at Hanlan's Point following a proposal by naturist organization and Councillor Kyle Rae. In 2000, the council extended the project for another two years. Finally in 2002, the clothing-optional beach was made permanent.
The Toronto City Council decision was met with strong opposition from conservative councillors such as Giorgio Mammoliti. It was also an infrequent target of police crackdowns for nude sunbathing. Its official status has resulted in a distinct increase in ferry traffic, and it appears to be a profitable component of public- and private-sector advertising campaigns, since it draws visitors to Toronto. Police and park officials now work in partnership with the beachgoers to maintain the friendly atmosphere. Some nudists prior to a 2023 expansion of the clothing optional area advocated to make the clothing optional side of Hanlan's Point Beach a nude beach due to what they see as an excessive number of clothed people on the clothing optional side of the beach.
In 2023, a plan was revealed by Toronto City Council for the island that would have seen the erection of a concert and festival venue right next to Hanlan’s possibly eliminating the clothing optional beach. After a public opposition campaign against the plan dubbed "Friends of Hanlan's" the city dropped the idea and proceeded to work with Friends of Hanlan's to improve the beach. On June 15, 2023, City Council passed with unanimous support a motion co-sponsored by Councillor Ausma Malik and Deputy Mayor Jennifer McKelvie titled “MM7.15: Critical Measures to Restore Ecology and Preserve the History of Hanlan’s Point Beach and Surrounding Area.” The motion called for major improvements to the beach such as a brand new cultural marker and signage that will inform visitors about the beach’s prominent place in LGBTQ history and a giant Pride flagpole that will be permanently installed at the south end, rewilding and replanting in huge sections of the beach’s lawn area to combat erosion, proper fencing and pathways to be constructed to keep human traffic under control and allow the diminished natural areas a chance to recover, replacing the massively eroded sand coverage along the 400-meter southern stretch of the beach where Canada’s first Pride gathering took place, and most notably making the entire Hanlan’s Point Beach, not just a section, designated clothing-optional.
Background
Hanlan's Beach can be reached most directly by taking the Hanlan's Point ferry at the foot of Bay Street at Queens Quay. Aside from the cost of the ferry there is no admission fee.
It is the second officially recognized clothing-optional beach in Canada and the only one created by a municipal bylaw. Canada's only other official clothing-optional beach is Wreck Beach in Vancouver, British Columbia.
The effective beach season starts in late May and ends in late September, while actual swimming off the beach is possible only well within this period. In recent years, the beach and islands as a whole have experienced flooding due to high water levels in the early summer.
As is common for most public nudist-friendly venues, males make up a large percentage of the users of the beach, but women can make up to one quarter of the total on popular weekends. Recent years continue to see an increase in the number of families who attend. The beach is a popular destination for the city's gay community. The beach is also the regular site of day trips by several local nudist organizations.
Despite its proximity to Toronto Harbour, the beach can boast extremely good water quality since it faces southwest and away from the mainland. Water quality is monitored daily (on weekdays) during the summer and meets a Blue Flag standard set by the Foundation for Environmental Education.
The section of the beach closest to the Billy Bishop Toronto City Airport (YTZ) is also becoming a very popular spot for kiteboarding.
See also
List of social nudity places in North America
Federation of Canadian Naturists
Notes
External links
Official website
Beaches of Toronto
LGBT culture in Toronto
Nude beaches
Toronto Islands
1862 establishments in Canada | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hanlan%27s%20Point%20Beach |
Thompson & Morgan is an independently-owned company based in Ipswich, Suffolk. Founded in 1855, Thompson & Morgan offer English plants, seeds and sundries worldwide through their websites. The U.S. division of the company was sold to Gardens Alive in 2009.
Overview
The company distributes their products through its mail order catalogues, the Internet and retail outlets. Their various websites feature over 8,000 products, showcasing the entire Thompson and Morgan range.
Seed catalogues are distributed to 163 countries worldwide. Thompson and Morgan seeds are stocked in the following countries: Great Britain, Ireland, France, Germany, Holland, Belgium, Italy, Austria, Switzerland, Greece, Turkey, Norway, Denmark, Finland, Sweden, USA, Canada, Korea, and Japan.
History
Thompson & Morgan (T&M) had its origins in a small garden behind a baker's shop in Ipswich, where a young William Thompson's passion for botany grew. His speciality was growing rare and unusual plants whose seeds were sent from countries all over the world. Not only did it provide a sense of adventure for Thompson, it also established friendships with such scientists as Charles Darwin, Sir Joseph Dalton Hooker and Sir Michael Foster.
From the back garden he moved to a nursery at the edge of Ipswich and then to an even larger one. Eventually, there were three of Thompson’s nurseries in the town. At this time, Thompson began to publish a magazine called The English Flower Garden.
In 1855, after moving from that small 'starter' garden, Thompson issued his first catalogue. He specialised in growing rare and unusual plants, seeds of which were sent to him from many overseas countries. His efforts made him one of the most distinguished plantsmen of his day and he was honoured by the Royal Horticultural Society with the Victoria Medal of Honour in 1897.
With the seed-raising firm expanding, William Thompson started his partnership with John Morgan. John provided the business acumen that enabled Thompson & Morgan's continued solid growth. Thompson died in July 1903 at the age of 80, having lived to see Thompson & Morgan become one of the country's greatest seed firms with a reputation for introducing more species and varieties to the British gardening public than any other company.
John Morgan spent the next ten years as sole owner until he partnered with Joseph Sangster in 1913. Sangster was a brilliant horticulturalist who was to add 4,000 plant names to the 2,000 already offered in the T&M catalogue. He took full control of the company upon John's death in 1921.
Joseph's son Murray joined the company in 1933 and the following year Joseph was elected president of the Horticultural Trades Association of Great Britain and Ireland. In 1939, T&M became a limited company and when Joseph died in 1952, Murray Sangster took control. His two sons, Keith and Bruce, joined Murray later. In 1973, they decided to expand their distribution centre in Poplar Lane, Ipswich from where the company still operates. In 1982, Bruce Sangster headed the company's expansion in the U.S. after previously having a distribution base in Jackson, New Jersey. In 1995 this was followed up by the creation of a young plants division in Guernsey in the Channel Islands. The Sangster brothers subsequently relinquished control of the business in December 1999 for £17.5 million.
In May 2002, Thompson & Morgan returned to independent private ownership by Primary Capital Partners, the Sangster brothers and key management. The company was sold to BVG Group in March 2017 through the acquisition of their parent company, Branded Garden Products for an undisclosed amount, however the sale price was estimated at £10 million. The new group has a combined turnover of £140 million, with an in the region of £13.5 million.
Awards
In the RHS Chelsea Flower Show 2018's 'plant of the year' competition, Thompson & Morgan plants were awarded first and third place.
First place: Hydrangea 'Runaway Bride Snow White'
Third place: Helianthus 'Sunbelievable Brown Eyed Girl'
Catalogue
The first Thompson and Morgan catalogue was created in 1855. They now produce over 20 different catalogues that are distributed in the UK, US, French and German markets. Catalogues are distributed by mail and can be requested directly from the company by telephone or via their websites.
References
External links
Retail companies established in 1855
Companies based in Suffolk
Mail-order retailers
Seed companies
Agriculture companies of the United Kingdom
British companies established in 1855 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thompson%20and%20Morgan |
The FC Bayern Munich Junior Team is the youth academy for German football club FC Bayern Munich. The Junior Team was created in 1902 and restructured in 1995. It has educated many players who have become regulars in the Bundesliga and Germany. The vision for the Junior Team is "to educate young players so that it will be possible for FCB to keep a global position in club football in the next millennium" and its mission is "to have the best youth development in club football.'
History
The Junior Team was created in 1902 and restructured in 1995.
In 2006 FC Bayern purchased land near the Allianz Arena with the purpose of building a new youth academy. In 2015 the project, estimated to cost €70 million, was started, after overcoming internal resistance. The main reasons for the project were that the existing facilities were too small and that the club, while very successful at senior level, lacked competitiveness with other German and European clubs at youth level. The new facility is scheduled to open in the 2017–18 season.
Overview
The vision for the Junior Team is "to educate young players so that it will be possible for FCB to keep a global position in club football in the next millennium" and its mission is "to have the best youth development in club football."
There are 165 players, 16 instructors and managers, 1 physiotherapist and 1 masseur. Rosters remain unchanged while the kids learn their trade whether it be for goalkeeper, defence, midfield or forward. They are trained for no more than 1 or 2 positions.
Bayern Munich Junior Team uses a 4–3–3 formation system from D Juniors and upwards. Players from overseas are offered accommodation in a youth apartment block with 13 single rooms inside the club grounds on Säbener Straße. The facility arrangement is different from many other high-profile clubs, in that both the first team and the youth teams train at the same location.
Bayern Munich has a residence building for players who are between 15 and 18 and live too far away from the training ground. Up to 14 youth team players can live there. They have an employee in the residence building where in the morning waking up and prepares a breakfast buffet and also takes care of small and large problems of youth players. There are up to eight part-time teachers are available to support the youth players to compensate for the educational gaps. The ground floor of the youth center is also the office of the junior team and a meeting room for the coaches.
Scouting
Bayern Munich has scouts all over the world, though most of the scouting happens within a few hours drive of Munich. Thomas Hitzlsperger, Christian Lell, Andreas Ottl, former captain Philipp Lahm and most recent graduates Holger Badstuber, Diego Contento and Thomas Müller are all from either Munich or within a 70 km radius of the city.
As part of the restructuring and to help find players for the Junior Team, Bayern Munich has developed a "Talent Day" where up to 500 boys are scouted. The Talent Days are done over Saturday and Sunday. The format used is 3 twenty-minute 5-a-side matches on reduced-sized football fields. The scouts are looking for how well the participants "cope with the ball" "particular skill", "excellent dribbling" and "good vision". An average of seven children will make it to the Bayern Munich Junior Team during Talent days. Talent Days has drawn "worldwide attention". The event has drawn participants from all over Germany along with participants from Austria, France, Italy, Egypt, Slovenia, Slovakia and Australia.
In 2003, Bayern Munich started partnering with other football clubs. The partner clubs are SpVgg Unterhaching, Ingolstadt 04, Kickers Offenbach and Ulm 1846, 1860 Rosenheim, SpVgg Landshut, TSV Milbertshofen and SC Fürstenfeldbruck. SpVgg Unterhaching, Ingolstadt 04, Kickers Offenbach and Ulm 1846 are the elite partners. 1860 Rosenheim and SpVgg Landshut are regional partners. TSV Milbertshofen and SC Fürstenfeldbruck are local partners. Udo Bassemir is responsible for club partnerships. Players they are interested in are not transferred immediately. They allow the player to train at their own club and at Bayern Munich's training fields and the transfer happens at the "right time".
Reserve team
The penultimate stage for youngsters at Bayern is Bayern Munich II, which currently plays in the Regionalliga Bayern, the fourth tier of German football.
Current youth squads
Under-19
Out on loan
Under-17
Technical staff
The director of the youth setup at Bayern Munich is Jochen Sauer. The following staff are in charge of the various age groups:
Noted graduates
The following players played either first team football for Bayern or in the Bundesliga for another club:
Note: So far, that means the Bayern München Junior Academy has produced;
FIFA World Cup
2 World Cup winning captains
11 World Cup winners
UEFA European Championships
5 European Championship winners
UEFA Champions League
13 European Cup/ Champions League winners
UEFA Europa League
5 UEFA Cup/Europa League winners
Honours
Youth
Under 19 Bundesliga
Winners: 2001, 2002, 2004
Runners-up: 1998, 2006, 2007, 2012, 2017
Under 17 Bundesliga
Winners: 1989, 1997, 2001, 2007, 2017
Runners-up: 2000, 2009, 2018
South/Southwest German Under 19 championship
Winners: 2004, 2007, 2012, 2013, 2017
South/Southwest German Under 17 championship
Winners: 2009, 2017, 2018, 2019
Southern German Under 19 championship
Winners: 1950, 1954
Southern German Under 15 championship
Winners: 1982, 1985, 1987, 1990, 1991
Bavarian Under 19 championship
Winners: 1950, 1954, 1966, 1972, 1973, 1981, 1985, 1987, 1991, 1992, 1994, 1995, 1996
Runners-up: 1946, 1960, 1964, 1980, 1999‡
Bavarian Under 17 championship
Winners: 1976, 1978, 1983, 1985, 1986, 1988, 1989, 1993, 1994, 1997, 1998, 2000, 2010‡, 2014‡
Runners-up: 1982, 1987, 1990, 1992, 1996, 2012‡, 2015‡
Bavarian Under 15 championship
Winners: 1975, 1978, 1982, 1985, 1987, 1990, 1991, 1994, 1995, 2007, 2009
Runners-up: 1976, 1977, 1988, 1992, 2008
‡ Reserve team
Recent seasons
The recent season-by-season performance of the club's under 19 and under 17 sides since 2003–04:
Under-19
Under-17
Heads of the Junior team
German championship winning teams
Bayern Munich has won the German under 19 championship three times and the under 17 championship five times. Here are the championship winning teams with goals in the final in brackets:
Under-19
Under-17
References
External links
Bayern Munich - Campus Teams
FC Bayern Campus
The Bayern Munich academy way – These Football Times'' (2015)
Junior Team
Football academies in Germany
Football in Munich
UEFA Youth League teams
Association football clubs established in 1902
1902 establishments in Germany | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FC%20Bayern%20Munich%20Junior%20Team |
Árpád Szenes (also ; 6 May 1897, Budapest – 16 January 1985, Paris) was a Hungarian-Jewish abstract painter who worked in France.
Biography
In 1897, Szenes was born into a petty bourgeois family in Budapest. Many artists including Arthur Bárdos, Ignotus, Lajos Hatvany were guests in the family's home. He went to the Munkácsy Mihály Street Secondary Grammar School and was taught among others by Milán Füst. He was passionate about drawing. He served in World War I, but he did not come to the front; he painted portraits on the graves of heroic fallen soldiers from photos. Here he was recognized by the sculptor Dezső Bokros Birman, who directed him towards modern art. He enrolled in the free school of József Rippl-Rónai, where Béla Iványi-Grünwald and Károly Kernstok had great influence on him.
In 1919 he worked with his fellow painters at the Artist Colony of Kecskemét. Since they did not receive money, they had to do agricultural work. He painted together among others with Gyula Derkovits, Béla Iványi-Grünwald, János Kmetty, Róbert Emil Novotny and Pál Pátzay. He was ill with hard physical work, and moved with two friends to a business premise in Városmajor Street in Budapest. At that time, he met István Beöthy, with whom they studied Buddhism and Oriental art. His style was not mature yet: in 1922 he exhibited abstract artwork at a group exhibition of young artists at Ernst Museum, but his other paintings of the same year reflect the traditions of the Hungarian painting of the turn of the century and the influence of his masters. He went on a European study trip; the first station was in Germany in 1924, where he met with the works of Kandinsky and Klee, and then studied the paintings of Giotto and Piero della Francesca in Italy. He first visited Paris in 1924, then only for three months, then again in the autumn of 1925 for staying. The money that he received from his uncle was gone, and for months he was in extreme poverty, and as advised by László Ney lived on cartoons made from guests at Montmartre cafés. Many Hungarians lived in Paris, in addition to his mother, György Marton, Zsigmond Kolozsvári and Gábor Peterdi helped Szenes artistically. At this time he already had exhibitions, and while he was having a bohemian lifestyle with many affairs, he was also attending the Académie de la Grande Chaumière. Here he met in 1929 with Portuguese Maria Helena Vieira da Silva and they married in 1930, his wife became a Hungarian citizen, and remained until 1956. After marriage, he lived a more restrained life.
In 1930, the couple visited the Nagybánya artists' colony. They lived and worked in a dead end called rue des Camelias in Paris, where many artists lived. They met Lajos Tihanyi's friend, Kokoschka and Varèse, but Jacques Lipchitz also visited them. Later they moved to boulevard Saint Jacques where their studio was above a cardboard factory. Through their patron and gallery owner, Jeanne Bucher, they were in close contact with Joan Miró and Max Ernst.
At that time Szenes visited the café gatherings of Les Amis du Monde, a group of young left-wing artists including Étienne Hajdú, Maurice Estève, Édouard Pignon, André Breton, Louis Aragon. Through his wife, he contacted the Stanley William Hayter-led Atelier 17 studio which inspired his surrealist works from the 1930s.
At the outbreak of World War II they left Paris, leaving Jeanne Bucher their studio and pictures. They spent a few months in Lisbon, where Szenes had an independent exhibition, and then went to Brazil in 1940. They lived in Rio de Janeiro for some time, then settled in nearby Santa Teresa. The art community in Rio was less inspirational than in Paris; although they met Dr. Atl and some other painters, they were more involved with poets and writers at this time. He painted nature, portraits of writers, poets and illustrated books. He founded a painting school called Sylvestre, taught amateurs and young Brazilian modernists.
In 1947 they returned to Paris, regained the boulevard Saint Jacques studio and Szenes continued to teach. At that time he started working on perhaps his most significant series of geometric and organic shapes, repetitive motifs called 'Bankett' made of various techniques (watercolor, gouache, oil, pastel and chalk). Meanwhile, he painted portraits of Vieira da Silva, making hundreds of paintings altogether. The French state bought from his paintings for the first time in 1949, followed by several state purchases. From the mid-1950s his expression became cleaner. On his landscapes the vertical-horizontal relationship is of great significance, his color scale has been reduced to a few pale colors. From then on, his wife Vieira da Silva became more and more renowned while his popularity diminished.
In 1979 he donated seven works made between 1942 and 1970 to the Museum of Fine Arts in Budapest and the Janus Pannonius Museum in Pécs. After his death and the end of communism in Hungary, Vieira da Silva established a foundation in 1990 in Lisbon with their names for the promotion of young artists. The museum building in Praça das Amoreiras 58 was previously a silk factory.
He died at age 87 from a pulmonary edema, in 1985.
List of works
Works in books
Chapters Pierre Guéguen: La chasse au faon rose (ed. Cahiers d'Art, 1938) c. book of
Illustrations for Murilo Mendes, Rainer-Maria Rilke, Jorge de Lima, 1944
Fifty gouache René Char Le Temps épars c. manuscript, 1966
Gravures (ed. F. Mermod), Lausanne, 1968.
His works in public collections
Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum, New York
Musée National d'Art Moderne, Paris
Musée des Beaux-Arts, Dijon
Musée des Beaux-Arts, Rennes
Musée des Beaux-Arts, Rouen
M. Figueira da Foz (POR)
Musée canton des Beaux-Arts, Lausanne
Musée Fabre, Montpellier
M. Bezalel, Jerusalem
Museum of Fine Arts, Budapest
Janus Pannonius Museum, Pécs
M. Nacional, Rio de Janeiro
Kunsthalle, Zurich
Center d'Art contemporain, Abbaye de Beaulieu.
exhibitions
Individual exhibitions
1933 - Galerie UP [engraving by Julian Trevelyan], Paris
1939, 1949, 1952, 1955, 1974 - Galerie Jeanne Bucher, Paris
1941 - Press House, Rio de Janeiro
1947 - Quelques français et des peintres, sculpteurs et graveurs hongrois de l'Ecole de Paris, Galerie de Bussy, Paris
1957 - Galerie Betty Thommen, Basel
1958 - Galerie Pierre, Paris
1960, 1965, 1969 - Galerie de Cahiers d'Art, Paris
1961 - Galerie du Grand Chene, Lausanne
1965 - Galerie Alice Pauli, Lausanne - Galerie 27, Oslo
1969, 1974, 1981, 1988 - Galerie Jacob, Paris
1968 - Paysages accordés, Galerie Alice Pauli, Lausanne
1970 - Galerie Régence, Brussels
1971-1973 - Retrospective - Musée des Beaux-Arts d'Orleans - Fundaçao Calouste Gulbekian, Lisbon - Rennes - Lille - Nantes - Rouen
1974 - Musée d'Art Moderne de la Ville de Paris, Paris (Retrospective)
1975 - Musée Fabre, Montpellier - Galerie Michel Vokaer, Brussels
1976 - Dessins d'Arpad Szenes and de Vieira da Silva, Center Georges Pompidou, Paris
1977 - Hungarian National Gallery, Budapest - Janus Pannonius Museum, Pécs - G. Information, Tunis
1982 - Hommage à Arpad Senes, M. Ingres, Montauban
1983-1984 - Musée des Beaux-Arts de Dijon - G. EMI, Lisbon
1985 - Fundaçao Calouste Gulbekian, Lisbon
1985 - Hommage à Arpad Senes, Galerie Jeanne Bucher and Galerie Jacob, Paris
1986 - Nasoni G., Porto - Fundaçao Calouste Gulbekian, Lisbon
1987 - Fundaçao Calouste Gulbekian, Lisbon - Bertrand G., Lisbon
1989 - Modern Art Museum, Porto
1994 - Budapest Historical Museum, [Vieira da Silva]
1995 - Hommage à Vieira da Silva et ~, Abbaye de Beaulieu, Ginals (FR)
1997 - Fundaçao Árpád Senes-Vieira da Silva, Lisbon (retrospective)
1999 - Portraits of [Vieira da Silva], Fine Arts Museum, Budapest
2000 - Salle St. Jean, Hôtel de Ville de Paris - Fundaçao Calouste Gulbekian, Lisbon
Most important group exhibitions
1931, 1933, 1934, 1936, 1937, 1956 - Salon des Surindépendants, Paris
1932 - Salon d'Automne, Salon des Tuileries, Paris
1936 - Atelier 17, Leicester Gallery, London - New painting from Europe, East River Gallery, New York
1938 - Hungarian Artists in Paris, Tamás Gallery, Budapest - École de Paris, Galerie Jeanne Bucher, Paris
1944 - Atelier 17, Modern Art Museum, New York
1948 - French, Spanish and Hungarian Artists, National Salon, Budapest
1948, 1953, 1960, 1961, 1966, 1967 - Salon de Mai, Paris
1952 - Rythme et couleurs, Musée Cantonal, Lausanne - Les peintres d'aujourd'hui in Paris, Kunsthaus, Zurich
1953 - Biennale de São Paulo
1955 - The Movement of Contemporary Art, Musée Cantonal, Lausanne
1957 - French art, Zagreb - Belgrade
1959 - from Manet to the present, Warsaw - Hommage à Monet, Galerie Art Vivant, Paris - 80 Maler der Ecole de Paris, 1900-1959 - Vienna - Linz
1959, 1960 - Documenta II. and III, Kassel
1960 - Hommage à Jeanne Bucher, Galerie Jeanne Bucher - La Peinture française d'aujourd'hui, Museum of Tel Aviv - M. Bezalel, Jerusalem
1961 - Stedelijk M., Amsterdam
1962 - "French Rysunki XVII-XX S", Warsa
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1962, 1968 - Salon des Réalités Nouvelles, Paris
1963 - Contemporary French Painting, National Gallery, Salisbury
1966 - Dix ans d'art living 1945–1955, Fondation Maeght, St. Paul de Vence (FR)
1967 - Dix ans d'art vivant 1955–1965, Fondation Maeght, St. Paul de Vence (FR) - Galerie Jacob, Paris - Les quatre éléments, Galerie Cimaise, Paris
1968 - Painting in France 1900-1967 (traveling exhibition), Washington, New York, Chicago, San Francisco, Montreal - L'uso de la peinture [with Bryn, Zack], Galerie La Roue, Paris
1969 - Hommage à René Char, Musée de Céret
1970 - Hungarians from Paris, Galerie Zunini, Paris - 20th Century Hungarian Artists Abroad, Műcsarnok, Budapest
1971 - Hommage à Christian et Yvonne Zervos, Grand Palais, Pari
1979 - Spring Exhibition, Hungarian House, Paris - Présence Paris-Budapest, Orangerie des Jardins du Luxembourg
1982 - Honor to your homeland. Artists living abroad with Hungarian descent II. exhibition, Műcsarnok.
References
External links
Fundação Arpad Szenes-Vieira da Silva (in Portuguese)
1897 births
1985 deaths
20th-century French painters
20th-century French male artists
French male painters
Hungarian painters
20th-century Hungarian Jews
Hungarian emigrants to France
People from Pest, Hungary | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%81rp%C3%A1d%20Szenes |
John Bradley "J.B." Holmes (born April 26, 1982) is an American professional golfer who plays on the PGA Tour.
Early life
Holmes, born in Campbellsville, Kentucky, began to play on the varsity golf team at Taylor County High School in Campbellsville when he was in the third grade. He suffered a mild form of dyslexia when in school. Holmes's childhood friend, Brandon Parsons, is his caddy. While in high school he played on the Pepsi Junior Golf Tour. He attended the University of Kentucky in Lexington, helping to achieve SEC Title while there, and represented the United States in the 2005 Walker Cup before turning professional later that year.
Professional career
Holmes was medalist at the 2005 PGA Tour Qualifying Tournament. He tied for tenth in his first PGA Tour start at the 2006 Sony Open in Hawaii and in February that year he won the FBR Open, making him the fastest golfer to reach $1,000,000 in career earnings on the PGA Tour. It was his fifth tournament as a professional and his fourth on the PGA Tour.
After this victory his form fell away, and this continued in 2007 when he made only 2 top ten finishes and ended the year in 118th place on the money list.
On February 3, 2008, Holmes won the FBR Open for the second Tour win of his career and also captured the tournament title for the second time in three years. Starting the final round with a four shot lead, on the 18th tee he was one shot behind Phil Mickelson. Holmes birdied the 18th to force a play-off and then defeated Mickelson on the first playoff hole (the 18th) by making a six-foot birdie putt after a 359-yard drive. This victory took Holmes to 62nd in the Official World Golf Ranking. In 2008, Holmes reached a career-high 42nd in the OWGR.
Style of play
Holmes, along with fellow 2006 rookies such as Camilo Villegas and Bubba Watson, is known for hitting the ball long distances, in excess of 300 yards (312.7 yards, ranking him number 2 in driving distance, only 6 yards behind the leader, Watson). As such, he plays courses by routinely hitting his driver as far as he can, reminiscent of John Daly's "Grip it and Rip It" philosophy, and using his distance advantage to put him closer to the green and in position for a wedge or short iron to the green. While the style of play is not new, many critics have complained that J.B. Holmes's style has ushered in a new wave of golfers dedicated to smashing the ball as far as they can, assisted by the newer golf equipment offered by golf club companies and hacking the ball out of the rough onto the green, effectively eliminating the equalizing effect that the sport of golf usually affords shorter, accurate hitters.
2008 Ryder Cup
In the 2008 Ryder Cup, Holmes defeated Europe's Søren Hansen 2&1 during Sunday's singles matches to bring the United States within one point of clinching the Ryder Cup. Jim Furyk would later defeat Miguel Ángel Jiménez on the 17th hole to clinch the Ryder Cup. Holmes and another Ryder Cup teammate, Kenny Perry, were named Kentuckians of the Year for 2008 by Kentucky Monthly magazine.
Brain surgery
After shooting an 80 in the first round, Holmes withdrew from the 2011 PGA Championship in August. He had been dealing with vertigo symptoms for several months and eventually was diagnosed with structural defects in the cerebellum known as Chiari malformations. He underwent brain surgery on September 1, 2011, and about a month later, doctors discovered that Holmes was allergic to the adhesive used on the webbed titanium plate at the base of his skull. He was airlifted from his home in Kentucky to Johns Hopkins in Baltimore for another surgery. Holmes returned to the PGA Tour in late January 2012 at the Farmers Insurance Open.
2012–15: Recovery and comeback
After brain surgery, Holmes played in 26 events in 2012. Elbow and ankle injuries limited him to six PGA Tour events in 2013 and did not play again until the Dunlop Phoenix Tournament on the Japan Golf Tour. Holmes satisfied his medical extension through earnings at the 2014 Zurich Classic of New Orleans, finishing T11. He would need a T63 at the Wells Fargo Championship to earn entry into the 2014 Players Championship via FedEx Cup points. Holmes would get his first win in six years, regained his Tour status through the 2015–2016 season, and moved from 242nd to 68th in the Official World Golf Ranking. The win also earned Holmes entry into the 2014 PGA Championship at Valhalla Golf Club in Louisville, Kentucky.
In February 2015, Holmes lost in a four-man sudden-death playoff at the Farmers Insurance Open. He held a co-lead after the 54-hole stage with Harris English, but could only shoot a level-par final round to enter the playoff. At the first playoff hole, Holmes made a birdie to move on to the second playoff hole with Jason Day, after English and Scott Stallings were eliminated with pars. On the par-three second playoff hole, Holmes flew the green and could not get down in two from the back rough, leaving Day with two putts from 15 feet for the victory.
In the first round of the WGC-Cadillac Championship, Holmes shot a 62 for a total of 10-under-par to lead by four strokes after the first day. His round included eight birdies and an eagle to tie the tournament record. Holmes retained his lead after the second round, despite a one-over-par 73. He led by two shots going into the weekend and opened up a five-shot lead following a 70 in the third round, which included a hole-in-one at the par-3 fourth hole. However his lead had gone by the sixth hole in the final round, after he bogeyed three of his opening six holes. Holmes played the rest of his round in even-par and would go on to shoot a 75 to finish one behind winner Dustin Johnson. His runner-up finish moved Holmes to 19th in the world rankings, his highest ever placing to date.
2018
In January 2018, Holmes was criticized by his fellow pros on social media after taking four minutes and ten seconds over his second shot to the 18th hole in the final round of the Farmers Insurance Open. Holmes needed an eagle to get into a playoff but eventually laid up. Holmes later said he was 'shocked' by the negative reaction to incident, comments that sparked another backlash. Fellow pro Justin Thomas defended Holmes though, saying he would have done exactly the same had he been in his position.
2019
On February 17, 2019, Holmes won the Genesis Open, his fifth PGA Tour victory and first in nearly four years. Holmes overcame a four shot deficit in the final round to finish one stroke ahead of the 54-hole leader Justin Thomas, at the end of a marathon 34-hole final day. The pivotal moment occurring at the 13th hole during the final round, when Holmes holed a 12-foot par putt and Thomas missed two short putts, resulting in a double bogey.
Holmes shared the 36-hole lead at the 2019 Open Championship at Royal Portrush with Irishman Shane Lowry. Holmes shot opening rounds of 66-68 for an eight under total. However, he was unable to get it done on the weekend, shooting 69–87 to drop to a tie for 67th.
Personal life
Holmes is married to the former Erica Kalbhin. The couple got married in 2013. The couple have a son who was born in 2017. Holmes is a Christian.
Holmes has a Goldendoodle service dog named Ace that helps him with his vertigo.
Professional wins (8)
PGA Tour wins (5)
PGA Tour playoff record (2–2)
Other wins (3)
2003 Kentucky Open (as an amateur)
2004 Kentucky Open (as an amateur)
2010 CVS Caremark Charity Classic (with Ricky Barnes)
Results in major championships
WD = Withdrew
CUT = missed the half-way cut
"T" = tied
Summary
Most consecutive cuts made – 4 (2017 Masters – 2017 PGA)
Longest streak of top-10s – 1 (twice)
Results in The Players Championship
CUT = missed the halfway cut
"T" indicates a tie for a place
Results in World Golf Championships
Results not in chronological order before 2015.
QF, R16, R32, R64 = Round in which player lost in match play
"T" = tied
Note that the HSBC Champions did not become a WGC event until 2009.
U.S. national team appearances
Amateur
Palmer Cup: 2005 (winners)
Walker Cup: 2005 (winners)
Professional
Ryder Cup: 2008 (winners), 2016 (winners)
Presidents Cup: 2015 (winners)
See also
2005 PGA Tour Qualifying School graduates
References
External links
American male golfers
Kentucky Wildcats men's golfers
PGA Tour golfers
Ryder Cup competitors for the United States
Golfers from Kentucky
People from Campbellsville, Kentucky
Sportspeople with dyslexia
1982 births
Living people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.%20B.%20Holmes |
Pleasington railway station serves the village of Pleasington in Lancashire, England. The station is on the East Lancashire Line 3 miles (5 km) west of Blackburn railway station. It is managed by Northern, who also provide all the passenger services calling there.
It is unstaffed, and has no permanent buildings, other than standard waiting shelters. A long line PA system and digital information screens are provided, Step free access for disabled travellers is provided by means of ramps to each platform.
As of January 2018, along with other stations on this line, a new touch screen Ticket Machine was added to the station.
A £2,000 refurbishment scheme at the station, funded by East Lancs Community Rail Partnership and the local authority, was carried out in 2015, by a consortium of college students, community workers and volunteers.
Services
Monday to Saturdays, there is an hourly service from Pleasington towards Preston westbound and Blackburn, Burnley Central and Colne, eastbound. There is a two-hourly service on Sundays.
From 14 May 2012, Pleasington became a request only stop, in addition to Hapton, Burnley Barracks and Huncoat.
References
External links
Railway stations in Blackburn with Darwen
DfT Category F2 stations
Former Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1846
Northern franchise railway stations
Railway request stops in Great Britain
1846 establishments in England | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pleasington%20railway%20station |
The Eidophusikon () was a piece of art, no longer extant, thought up by the English actor David Garrick and created by 18th-century French painter Philip James de Loutherbourg. It opened in Leicester Square in London in February 1781.
Described by the media of his day as "Moving Pictures, representing Phenomena of Nature", the Eidophusikon can be considered an early form of movie making. The effect was achieved by mirrors and pulleys.
The Eidophusikon consisted of a large-scale miniature theatre that tried to recreate the perfect illusion of living nature: sunrise scenes, sunsets, moonlight images, storms, and volcanoes from all over the world, with sound and music effects. The sound and light effects of the Eidophusikon, compared with the shows seen until that time, were especially inventive by virtue of their realism.
Reconstructions
The first reconstruction was in the year 2004 by Wolkenbilder at the Altonaer Museum Exhibition (cloud images) at Jenisch Has, Hamburg. It was a full-sized theatre with two scenes on the basis of Loutherbourg: from dawn to sunset over the Royal Naval College in Greenwich, and a Mediterranean scene with a lighthouse, moonlight, storms and wrecks.
The second Eidophusikon was created in 2005 by the Yale Center for British Art, New Connecticut and California's Huntington Library, to recreate a display for the English painter Thomas Gainsborough of his collection 'Sensation and sensibility'. Gainsborough was a great admirer of the Eidophusikon. This full-size version was built in conjunction with Kevin Derkin and the Yale technical department under Rick Johnson. The scene, this time, was 'Satan and the Creation of the Pandemonium Palace in Hell', by the poet John Milton from his Paradise Lost.
A small exhibition on the Eidophusikon and the work of Philip James de Loutherbourg was held at the Huntington Library in San Marino, California in 2006. The exhibit featured a working example of an Eidophusikon with docents working the levers.
In 2006, an Eidophusikon was created by Robert Poulter for the Nouveau Musée National de Monaco. Another Mediterranean scene was created with a volcano, moonlight, a storm and a shipwreck. This Eidophusikon is part of the permanent collection of the museum.
A full Eidophusikon, described also as a "small, mechanical theatre", was on display from June to November 2014 at the exhibition "Underworlds" (Unterwelten) in Dortmund, Germany.
See also
Cyclorama
Diorama
Myriorama
Panorama
Panoramic painting
References
External links
Sensibility and the Cult of Special Effects
Modern recreation of an Eidophusikon
An Eighteenth-Century Movie Show. Centre for Cross-Cultural Research, Australian National University, Canberra, 2006. 3D digital recreation of an eidophusikon demonstration and
Active German Eidophusikon in Dortmund, Germany (June--October 2014) (German text)
Video of German active Eidophusikon in Dortmund, Germany
Robert Poulter's New Model Theatre
Lost works of art
1781 works
History of film
Audiovisual ephemera | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eidophusikon |
Huncoat railway station is a railway station which serves the village of Huncoat, between Accrington and Burnley in Lancashire, England. The station is east of Blackburn railway station on the East Lancashire Line operated by Northern.
The village's first station was opened in September 1848 by the East Lancashire Railway slightly to the east, but it was relocated to its present site by the Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway in 1902. or 1880s A nearby colliery and power station were both served by the station and railway for many years, but the pit closed in 1968 and the power plant in 1984. The site is now a nature trail.
The distinctive tall signal box, that once supervised the colliery sidings, avoided closure when the line was re-signalled in 1973, being retained to supervised the level crossing at the west end of the station. It was finally closed in November 2014, and subsequently demolished when the crossing was automated.
The station is unstaffed, with ticket vending facilities, There are shelters on each platform and step-free access to each one; along with passenger information screens and a long line PA system to provide running details to passengers.
Services
Monday to Saturday, there is an hourly service from Huncoat to Burnley and Colne (eastbound) and Preston via Accrington and Blackburn (westbound). On Sundays, there is a two-hourly service in each direction, with through running to and from .
Between 14 May 2012 and 10 July 2013, Huncoat was a request stop.
References
External links
Railway stations in Hyndburn
DfT Category F2 stations
Former Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway stations
Northern franchise railway stations
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1848 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huncoat%20railway%20station |
Singa is an apotropaic figure from the mythology of the Batak people of North Sumatra, Indonesia. The singa represents a benevolent and protective power. The singa is described as "part human, part water buffalo, and part crocodile or lizard". It is variedly represented, but always has an elongated face, with big bulging eyes, a well-defined nose, and long spiralling beard. It is often represented only with its head, but sometimes it may also be represented full body. Other figures - such as other protective deity or ancestral figures - may also be represented standing or sitting on top of the head of the singa.
Etymology
The word singa is derived from the Sanskrit singa, "lion". The Batak term singa has a predominantly magical - rather than zoological - meaning, so it does not symbolize a lion, but Nāga or Boru Saniang Naga, the primeval water serpent from the Hindu-Buddhist mythology. It is not fully understood why the name singa is attributed to this figure.
As ornaments
Images of singa are carved in various objects such as domestic utensils, medicine containers, jewelries, amulets, wood coffins, stone sarcophagi, barns and Batak traditional houses. Its frequent use made the singa a symbol of the Batak culture. Carving of singa on a Batak house is called singa ni ruma, or "singa of the house".
The apotropaic use of a singa may stem from the Hindu-Buddhism period of Batak during the ninth century (the Batak people are predominantly Christian or Muslim community). One of the major features of Hindu-Buddhist architecture in Java and Bali is the ubiquitous kirtimukha over arches and doorways. It was during the period of the Aparajita style at the beginning of the ninth century, that these Batak version of kirtimukha - called singhamugam - appeared in full relief.
See also
Batak
Architecture of Sumatra
Culture of Indonesia
References
Batak mythology
Indonesian legendary creatures | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Singa%20%28mythology%29 |
Hapton railway station serves the village of Hapton west of Burnley Central railway station on the East Lancashire Line operated by Northern. It is unmanned. Between 2004–5 and 2005–6, passenger usage fell by 21%, but in the years since, it has risen again by more than 60%.
The station has only basic facilities available, the standard plexiglass shelters, passenger information screens and PA system, with no permanent buildings. It is fully accessible for disabled travellers, via ramps from the nearby main road to each platform.
Services
Monday to Saturday, there is an hourly service from Hapton to Burnley and Colne (eastbound) and Preston via Accrington and Blackburn (westbound). On Sundays, there is a two-hourly service in each direction, with through running to and from .
On 14 May 2012, Hapton became a request only stop, along with Huncoat, Burnley Barracks and Pleasington.
References
External links
Railway stations in Burnley
DfT Category F2 stations
Former Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway stations
Northern franchise railway stations
Railway request stops in Great Britain
Railway stations in Great Britain opened in 1860 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hapton%20railway%20station |
William Hakewill (1574–1655) was an English legal antiquarian and M.P.
Life
Born in Exeter, Devon, son of John Hakewill and his wife Thomasine (née Periam). Educated, according to Anthony Wood at Exeter College, Oxford (though he did not take a degree), he later studied law at Lincoln's Inn.
Hakewill became Member of Parliament for Bossiney in Cornwall in 1601, probably nominated for the seat by its patron, his maternal uncle Sir William Peryam, Lord Chief Baron of the Exchequer. Though a tyro MP Hakewill was active and spoke out against the excessive granting of monopolies. He also delivered speeches against allowing the export of ordnance to Spain and in favour of keeping a strong navy.
Hakewill was called to the bar in 1606, was a Bencher of Lincoln's Inn by 1616 and Lent Reader in 1625. Described by the antiquarian Anthony Wood as "a grave and judicious counsellor" but "always a puritan", Hakewill was a friend of William Prynne and an associate of John Selden whose critical views on the royal prerogative he shared.
Despite his puritan connections Hakewill was appointed Solicitor General to Queen Anne, the wife of James I in 1617. Unfortunately she died in 1619 and his benefactor Sir Francis Bacon was disgraced in 1621.
Hakewill was part of the attempt in 1614 to revive the Elizabethan "College of Antiquaries", in some ways a precursor of the Society of Antiquaries; a friend of Sir Robert Cotton, a kinsman and executor of Sir Thomas Bodley and the elder brother of the author and divine George Hakewill. In 1617 he married Elizabeth Woodhouse, a daughter of Sir Henry Woodhouse of Waxham, Norfolk, by his second wife Cecily Gresham. Her elder half-sister Ann was the third wife of Sir Julius Caesar, Master of the Rolls, to whom Hakewill addressed gratulatory Latin verses (now in the British Library).
Although originally elected to parliament for Cornish seats he sat in the parliaments of 1624 and 1628/9 for Amersham in Bucks. As a result of his researches three Buckinghamshire boroughs were re-enfranchised in 1624 (Wendover, Amersham and Marlow). Hakewill was elected as one of Amersham's two MP's and his distant relative the famous John Hampden was elected for Wendover.
He leased Chequers (now the country home of British Prime Ministers) near Ellesborough in 1619. In the latter part of his life Hakewill lived at The Hale in Wendover, Buckinghamshire and was survived by at least two sons, William and Robert. His will left instructions that expenditure on his funeral was not to exceed £40. He is buried in the Church at Wendover under a commemorative stone that still survives.
Works
He published The Liberty of the Subject against the pretended Power of Impositions (1641), The manner how Statutes are enacted in Parliament by Passing of Bills(1641) and Modus tenendi Parliamentum; or, the old Manner of holding Parliaments in England(1659).
References
1574 births
1655 deaths
Members of Lincoln's Inn
Members of the pre-1707 English Parliament for constituencies in Cornwall
Politicians from Exeter
People from Wendover
Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of London
English MPs 1601
English MPs 1604–1611
English MPs 1614
English MPs 1621–1622
English MPs 1624–1625
English MPs 1628–1629 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Hakewill |
The Indus Highway (), also known as National Highway 55 (N-55) (), is a 1264 km long two to four-lane national highway that runs along the Indus River in Pakistan connecting the port city of Karachi with the northwestern city of Peshawar via Dera Ghazi Khan. It is part of Pakistan's National Highways network and is maintained and operated by Pakistan's National Highway Authority. The Indus Highway passes through the Kohat Tunnel.
History
In 1980, the Indus Highway was proposed to provide an alternative and shorter route to the heavily used N-5 and to also aid the development of western Sindh province and eastern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province. Construction began in 1981 from Kotri and was completed in 1997 in Peshawar. Major cities it links include
The Government of Pakistan have planned that a portion of about 300 km will be dualized by the year 2023 starting from Dera Ghazi Khan towards Kotri.
ECNEC approved a summary regarding the construction of additional two lanes and widening/rehabilitation of the existing two-lane carriageway of the Shikarpur-Rajanpur section of Indus Highway N-55, to be executed by the National Highway Authority (NHA). The project would be sponsored by the Ministry of Communications and Asian Development Bank with a total cost of Rs44.7 billion (GoP: Rs4,470.390; ADB: Rs40,233.50).
https://profit.pakistantoday.com.pk/2021/03/11/ecnec-approves-12-projects-worth-rs267-billion/
See also
Motorways of Pakistan
Transport in Pakistan
References
External links
National Highway Authority
N-55
N-55 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indus%20Highway |
National Highways of Pakistan () are a network of toll highways in Pakistan, which are owned, maintained and operated by the National Highways Authority under the Ministry of Communications. It maintains of roadways organized into various classifications which crisscross the country and provide access to major population centers. National Highways are not to be confused with provincial highways, which are roads maintained by the respective provinces. Pakistan's national highways include the famous Grand Trunk Road, Indus Highway, Karakoram Highway and Makran Coastal Highway. All national highways in Pakistan are pre-fixed with the letter 'N' (for "national") followed by the unique numerical designation of the specific highway (with a hyphen in the middle), e.g. "N-5". Each numerical designation is separated by five numerals, i.e. N-5, N-10, N-15, etc. National Highways are distinct from Strategic Highways, which begin with the prefix 'S' and are controlled and operated by the Ministry of Defence.
National Highway Network Map
List of National Highways
List of Provincial Highways
Gilgit-Baltistan
Provincial Highways of Gilgit-Baltistan
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Provincial Highways of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
Punjab
Provincial Highways of Punjab
Sindh
Provincial Highways of Sindh
List of Strategic Highways
See also
Roads in Pakistan
National Highway Authority
Speed limits in Pakistan
Motorways of Pakistan
External links
National Highway Authority
Highways in Pakistan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20highways%20of%20Pakistan |
In field hockey, a penalty corner, sometimes known as a short corner, is a penalty given against the defending team. It is predominantly awarded for a defensive infringement in the penalty circle or for a deliberate infringement within the defensive 23-metre area. They are eagerly sought by attacking players and provide an excellent opportunity to score. There are particular rules for that only apply at penalty corners and players develop specialist skills, such as the drag flick, for this particular phase in the game.
The penalty corner has always been an important part of the game, and that importance has become more pronounced since artificial turf became mandatory for top-level competitions in the 1970s. The importance of penalty corners has drawn criticism, with the proportion of field goals scored through open play reduced as attackers look to create a foul in the penalty circle, particularly from defenders' feet, rather than shooting directly.
The Netherlands' Paul Litjens was the former leading international scorer with 267 goals in 177 matches and was a specialist in hitting goals from penalty corners. Litjens and early specialists were accurate, hard-hitters of the ball; however, the introduction of the drag flick to counter the goalkeepers that lie down during the hit became the favoured technique. This led to the introduction of experts in this skill and Litjens' record was surpassed by Pakistani player Sohail Abbas who is often described as the "world's best" penalty corner and drag flick specialist. India's Sandeep Singh is also regarded as one of the best and has the fastest drag-flick at .
Awarding a penalty corner
There are five ways a penalty corner may be awarded:
For an offence by a defending player in their penalty circle that does not prevent the "probable scoring of a goal".
For an intentional offence by a defending player outside their penalty circle but within the 23-metre (25-yard) area they are defending
For deliberately playing the ball over the backline. However, a goalkeeper is permitted to deflect the ball over the backline.
For an intentional offence by a defender in their penalty circle against an opponent who "does not have possession of the ball or an opportunity to play the ball."
When the ball becomes lodged in a defending player's clothing or equipment within the penalty circle.
Procedure
To award a penalty corner, the umpire points both arms horizontally towards the respective goal. Although time in the match is not stopped, it may be prolonged beyond half-time or full-time to allow for the completion of a penalty corner, or any subsequent penalty corner or penalty stroke. However, , an intended rule change will give a 40-second timeout for a penalty corner.
When a penalty corner is awarded, a maximum of five defending players (including the goalkeeper) line up behind the back line either in the goal or on the back line at least five metres from the ball. All other players on the defending team must be behind the centre line. One attacking player places themselves on the back line, with the ball in the circle at least 10 metres from the nearest goal post on either side of the goal. The remainder of the attacking team players place themselves on the field outside of the shooting circle. All players other than the attacking player on the back line must not have any part of their body or stick touch the ground inside the circle or over the centre line until the ball is in play. The attacking player on the back line is allowed one foot within the circle, but the other foot must remain behind the back line. If any player enters the circle or crosses the centre line prematurely, or the attacking player on the back line does not have one foot outside the circle, the penalty corner is reset and taken again.
When the attacking player on the back line pushes the ball into play, the players may then enter the shooting circle or cross the centre line. Before a shot at goal can be taken, the ball must first travel outside the circle. In a typical penalty corner, the attacking player on the back line will push the ball to a player at the top of the circle who will stop the ball just outside the circle. Another player will take the stopped ball and push or drag it back into the circle before attempting to shoot at goal (as per normal rules, the ball must be last played by an attacking player within the shooting circle for a goal to count).
If the first attempt at goal in a penalty corner is hit, as opposed to a flick, scoop or push, the ball must be hit so that it will be travelling no higher than the backboard in the goal () at the point when it crosses the goal line, for the goal to count. This must be assessed regardless of any deflections, so for example, if the ball is hit on a trajectory that would see it crossing the goal line below the required height then a goal will be awarded even if it is deflected over this height and into the goal. Conversely, it does not matter that the ball travels above 460 mm in its flight, provided it does not constitute dangerous play, so long as it drops below 460 mm under its own accord (i.e. not as a result of a deflection) before crossing the goal line, it is still counted as a goal. Flicks, scoops, pushes, deflections and hits on second and subsequent attempts at goal may cross the goal line at any height, provided it does not constitute dangerous play.
The penalty corner ends when a goal is scored, the ball is played over the back line and another penalty corner is not awarded, a penalty stroke is awarded, the defending team is awarded a free hit, or the ball travels more than 5 metres outside the circle (i.e. beyond the dotted line outside the shooting circle).
History
The penalty corner was introduced in 1908, and required all attacking players to be outside the penalty circle and all defenders behind the goalline. Early penalty corners only required the ball to be stopped before a shot and was not required to be stopped or travel outside the penalty circle.
In the first set of hockey rules (1886) the use of hands and feet was permitted to stop the ball; the use of feet was outlawed in 1938 but hands could still be used to stop the ball. As such, a hand stop became a large part of early penalty corners; one player would inject, a second would hand stop and the third would shoot. In 1961, the number of defenders behind the goalline was reduced to six; the remainder had to stand beyond the 25-yard line and two years later this became the halfway line. There were too many goals from penalty corners and the use of the hands to stop the ball, and thus the hand stop, were prohibited from 1982; a result was that the same player at a penalty corner would stop and strike the ball. A few years later, in 1987, the number of defenders was reduced to the current quota of five. Additionally, it was required that the first hit at goal could must cross the goalline at a height no greater than for a goal to be awarded – this rule ceased to apply once the ball had travelled more than 5 yards outside (i.e. away from) the penalty circle. In 1998, the location where the ball was injected was metricised to at least 10 metres from the goal post (as opposed to the previous rule which stated it must be at least 10 yards); a specific mark inside the circle was introduced in 2000. Additionally, for a period from 1995, substitutions were permitted at penalty corners. This rule caused the development of specialist penalty corner takers who just came on for this and was abolished three years later. In 1996, a penalty corner required that the ball was stopped outside the circle before a goal could be scored. From 2003, it did not need to be stopped but did have to travel outside the circle.
See also
Field hockey history
Notes
References
Further reading
Field hockey terminology | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Penalty%20corner |
Parliamentary elections were held in Greece on 5 March 1933. The pro-monarchist People's Party emerged as the largest party, winning 118 of the 248 seats in Parliament, ending the predominance of Eleftherios Venizelos' Liberal Party. The results triggered an attempted coup by Venizelist officers. A military emergency government under Alexandros Othonaios was instituted which suppressed the revolt, and was succeeded by a People's Party cabinet under Panagis Tsaldaris on 10 March.
Results
References
Parliamentary elections in Greece
Greece
Legislative election
1930s in Greek politics
History of Greece (1924–1941)
Greece
Election and referendum articles with incomplete results
Legl | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1933%20Greek%20legislative%20election |
This is a list of some of the major unsolved problems, puzzles, or questions in economics. Some of these are theoretical in origin and some of them concern the inability of orthodox economic theory to explain an empirical observation.
Capital theory
Cambridge capital controversy: The Cambridge capital controversy is a dispute in economics that started in the 1950s. The debate concerned the nature and role of capital goods and a critique of the neoclassical vision of aggregate production and distribution. The question of whether the natural growth rate is exogenous, or endogenous to demand (and whether it is input growth that causes output growth, or vice versa), lies at the heart of the debate. The resolution of the debate has not been agreed upon by economists.
Transformation problem: The transformation problem is the problem specific to Marxist economics, and not to economics in general, of finding a general rule by which to transform the values of commodities based on socially necessary labour time into the competitive prices of the marketplace. The essential difficulty is how to reconcile profit in the form of surplus value from direct labour inputs and the ratio of direct labour input to capital input that vary widely between commodities, with the tendency toward an average rate of profit on all capital invested.
Behavioral economics
Revealed preference: Does revealed preference theory truly reveal consumer preference when the consumer is able to afford all of the available options? For example, if a consumer is confronted with three goods and they can afford to purchase all three (A, B, and C) and they choose to first purchase A, then C, and then B – does this suggest that the consumer preference for the goods is A > C > B? The debate rests on the fact that since the consumer can afford all three goods and does not need to make a preferential decision, does the order of consumption reflect any preference?
Tâtonnement: The act of tâtonnement (trial-and-error) plays a key role in the formulation of general equilibrium theory. The claim is that if an initial contract does not lead to an equilibrium, it is ended and new contracts are formulated. If the initial contract is not called off, it will likely lead to a different set of prices, depending on the degree of error in the original process. The question is whether successive re-contracting continues with the parties forgetting the previously planned positions taken or whether the parties engage in a form of tâtonnement to achieve optimality. See also Hill climbing and Walrasian auction.
Unified models of human biases: Neoclassical economics has concentrated on the development of models that reflect an idealized economic agent, sometimes referred to as Homo economicus, as a way of studying economics. In the period spanning the 1970s to the 1990s, research began to emerge that suggested that people were subject to cognitive biases such as the framing effect, loss aversion, the gambler's fallacy, confirmation bias, and many others. Further, these effects could produce anomalies such as herd behavior or momentum investing inconsistent with economic models that did not incorporate human psychological limitations. While some models have begun to include bounded rationality and risk aversion, such as prospect theory, there still remains to be seen a unified model that can make useful predictions that incorporates the entirety of cognitive biases and rational limitations in most humans. Further, there even exists debate as to whether it is necessary to incorporate such psychological limitations into economic models. While some economists insist they are necessary to fully appreciate the complexity of the market, others still contend that a model that incorporates human biases is either unrealistic or question its usefulness arguing that a model that doesn't approximate agents as being perfectly rational, with the possibility of minimal exceptions, is unlikely to be successful.
Financial economics
Equity premium puzzle: The equity premium puzzle is thought to be one of the most important outstanding questions in neoclassical economics. It is founded on the basis that over the last one hundred years or so the average real return to stocks in the US has been substantially higher than that of bonds. The puzzle lies in explaining the causes behind this equity premium. While there are a number of different theories regarding the puzzle, there still exists no definitive agreement on its cause.
Dividend puzzle: The dividend puzzle is the empirically observed phenomenon that companies that pay dividends tend to be rewarded by investors with higher valuations. At present, there is no explanation widely accepted by economists. The Modigliani–Miller theorem suggests that the puzzle can (only) be explained by some combination of taxes, bankruptcy costs, market inefficiency (including that due to investor psychology), and asymmetric information.
Improved Black–Scholes and binomial options pricing models: The Black–Scholes model and the more general binomial options pricing models are a collection of equations that seek to model and price equity and call options. While the models are widely used, they have many significant limitations. Chief among them are the model's inability to account for historical market movements and their frequent overpricing of options, with the overpricing increasing with the time to maturity. The development of a model that can properly account for the pricing of call options on an asset with stochastic volatility is considered an open problem in financial economics.
International economics
Home bias in trade puzzle: The home bias in trade puzzle is an empirical observation that even when factors such as economic size of trading partners and the distance between them are considered, trade between regions within a given country is substantially greater than trade between regions in different countries, even when there are no substantial legal barriers. There is currently no framework to explain this observation.
Equity home bias puzzle: This puzzle concerns the observation that individuals and institutions in many countries only hold modest amounts of foreign equity, despite the ability for vast diversification of their portfolios in the global economy. While some explanations do exist, such as that local individuals and firms have greater access to information about local firms and economic conditions, these explanations are not accepted by the majority of economists and have been mostly refuted.
Backus–Kehoe–Kydland puzzle: The Backus–Kehoe–Kydland consumption correlation puzzle is the empirical observation that consumption is much less correlated across countries than output. Standard economic theory suggests that country-specific output risks should be collective and domestic consumption growth should not depend strongly on country-specific income shocks. Thus, we should not see the observation that consumption is much less correlated across countries than output; and yet we do.
Feldstein–Horioka puzzle: The Feldstein-Horioka puzzle originates from an article in the 1980s that found that among OECD countries, averages of long-term national savings rates are highly correlated with similar averages of domestic investment rates. Standard economic theory suggests that in relatively open international financial markets, the savings of any country would flow to countries with the most productive investment opportunities; hence, saving rates and domestic investment rates would be uncorrelated, contrary to the empirical evidence suggested by Martin Feldstein and Charles Horioka. While numerous articles regarding the puzzle have been published, none of the explanations put forth have adequate empirical support.
PPP Puzzle: The PPP puzzle, considered one of the two real exchange rate puzzles, concerns the observation that real exchange rates are both more volatile and more persistent than most models would suggest. The only clear way to understand this volatility would be to assign substantial roles to monetary and financial shocks. However, if shocks play such a large role the challenge becomes finding what source, if one even exists, of nominal rigidity that could be so persistent to explain the long-term prolonged nature of real exchange rate deviations.
The exchange rate disconnect puzzle: The exchange rate disconnect puzzle, also one of the so-called real exchange rate puzzles, concerns the weak short-term feedback link between exchange rates and the rest of the economy. In most economies, the exchange rate is the most important relative price, so it is surprising, and thus far unexplained entirely, that the correlations are not stronger.
Economic anthropology
Formalist–substantivist debate: The opposition between substantivist and formalist economic models was first proposed by Karl Polanyi in his work The Great Transformation (1944). Formalists such as Raymond Firth and Harold K. Schneider asserted that the neoclassical model of economics could be applied to any society if appropriate modifications are made, arguing that its principles have universal validity. Critics of the formalist position question its central assumptions, in particular that the universality of rational choice and utility maximization can be assumed across all cultures.
References
Further reading
Economics lists
Economic puzzles
Economics
Society-related lists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20unsolved%20problems%20in%20economics |
Sint Anna Bay (Dutch: Sint Annabaai) is a deep channel approximately one mile long and up to 1,000 feet wide, located on the island of Curaçao between the two parts of Willemstad, Punda and Otrobanda.
The bay opens into the Caribbean Sea at the southern end, and into the Schottegat lagoon/industrial area to the north.
References
Bodies of water of Curaçao
Channels
Willemstad | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sint%20Anna%20Bay |
Tyrus Wayne Thomas (born August 17, 1986) is an American former professional basketball player. He played college basketball for Louisiana State University (LSU) before being drafted fourth overall by the Portland Trail Blazers in the 2006 NBA draft. He was then traded to the Chicago Bulls where he went on to play three and a half seasons when in February 2010, he was traded to the Charlotte Bobcats.
High school career
As a 5'10" freshman, Thomas tried out for his varsity basketball team but was cut. He only played organized basketball in his last two years at McKinley High School in Baton Rouge, but never really built up enough recruiting hype to be considered a top 100 prospect. As a junior, he was a mere and , and when he officially committed to LSU, the school did not initially have a scholarship for him. One later opened up when a JUCO recruit was kicked off LSU's team and saw his scholarship offer rescinded. By senior year, Thomas had grown to , . As a senior, Tyrus averaged 16 points, 12 rebounds and six blocks per game, earning him all-second team honors in Louisiana.
College career
As a redshirted freshman at LSU in 2005–06, Thomas was the team's starting power forward, and because of his leaping ability, he developed a reputation as an outstanding shot blocker, rebounder and dunker. He was named the SEC Freshman of the Year after averaging 12.3 points, 9.2 rebounds and 3.1 blocks in 32 games (22 starts) while shooting over 60% from the field. Thomas was also recognized as the NCAA Atlanta Region MVP in the NCAA Tournament after combining for 30 points against the likes of Duke and Texas.
2006 NCAA Tournament
Thomas entered the 2006 NCAA Tournament still recovering from a sprained ankle suffered in the February 26 game against Kentucky that caused him to miss the last two regular season games and the SEC Tournament. However, the injury did not hamper him as he continued the pattern of the regular season, his performances in the 2006 NCAA Tournament improved with every passing game as #4 seed LSU advanced to their first Final Four since 1986. His minutes were somewhat limited by the injury in the first-round game against No. 13 seed Iona and the second-round game against No. 12 seed Texas A&M but he was back to form by LSU's Atlanta Regional semi-final (Sweet 16) matchup against perennial power and overall top seed Duke. In the Duke game, Thomas recorded 9 points, 13 rebounds and 5 blocks despite being limited to 25 minutes due to early foul trouble as LSU held Duke to a 27.7 percent field goal percentage and only 54 points, the school's lowest output since 1996. Thomas was even more dominant in the Regional Final (Elite Eight) win against No. 2 seed Texas, recording 21 points, 13 rebounds and 3 blocks. These performances earned Thomas the Atlanta Regional's Most Valuable Player award.
Professional career
Chicago Bulls (2006–2010)
On April 17, 2006, Thomas announced his intention to enter the NBA draft, and signed with an agent, removing his college eligibility. On June 28, 2006, Thomas was drafted fourth overall in the 2006 NBA draft by the Portland Trail Blazers. He was later traded to the Chicago Bulls for the second overall pick, LaMarcus Aldridge on draft night.
Thomas appeared in 72 games his rookie year, with four starts, and averaged 5.2 points, 3.7 rebounds and 1.1 blocks in 13.4 minutes per game. He participated in the Sprite Rising Stars Slam Dunk Contest, becoming the first Chicago Bulls representative since Scottie Pippen entered the contest in 1990. He tied a season-high 11 rebounds, including the game-winning tip-in with 0.2 seconds to play against Denver Nuggets on March 22. He then posted a career-high 27 points and grabbed eight rebounds against the Cleveland Cavaliers on March 31. He subsequently earned NBA All-Rookie second team honors.
Thomas appeared in 74 games his sophomore year, with 27 starts, and averaged 6.8 points, 4.6 rebounds, 1.2 assists and 1.0 blocks per game. He posted 21 points, 12 rebounds and 3 blocks in the second game of the season against the Philadelphia 76ers and went on to finish the season very strong in April with a 24-point performance against the Boston Celtics, a 20-point, 14-rebound performance against the Cleveland Cavaliers, and a 26-point performance in the season finale against the Toronto Raptors.
Thomas had a career-best season in 2008–09 as he averaged 10.8 points, 6.4 rebounds, 1.0 assists, 1.2 steals and 1.9 blocks in 79 games (61 starts).
After what was a career-best season for Thomas in 2008–09, he managed just four games for the Bulls in 2009–10 before fracturing his forearm during practice on November 6, putting him out for four to six weeks. He returned to action on December 26 and came off the bench behind rookie Taj Gibson.
Charlotte Bobcats (2010–2013)
On February 18, 2010, Thomas was traded to the Charlotte Bobcats in exchange for Ronald Murray, Acie Law and a future first-round draft pick.
On July 12, 2010, Thomas re-signed with the Bobcats to a five-year, $40 million deal.
On January 25, 2012, in a loss to the Washington Wizards, Thomas recorded a career-high 9 blocked shots, one shy of the franchise record.
On July 10, 2013, Thomas was waived by the Bobcats via the amnesty clause.
Iowa Energy (2015)
On January 13, 2015, Thomas was acquired by the Iowa Energy of the NBA Development League.
Memphis Grizzlies (2015)
On January 22, Thomas signed a 10-day contract with the Memphis Grizzlies.
Return to Iowa (2015)
Following the expiration of his contract on February 1, Thomas was not offered a second 10-day contract by the Grizzlies and subsequently returned to Iowa two days later.
Eisbären Bremerhaven (2015–2016)
On September 4, 2015, Thomas signed a one-year deal with Eisbären Bremerhaven of the Basketball Bundesliga. On February 26, 2016, he parted ways with Bremerhaven after averaging 3.6 points and 3.4 rebounds per game in Bundesliga.
NBA career statistics
Regular season
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Chicago
| 72 || 4 || 13.4 || .475 || .000 || .606 || 3.7 || .6 || .6 || 1.1 || 5.2
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Chicago
| 74 || 27 || 18.0 || .423 || .167 || .741 || 4.6 || 1.2 || .6 || 1.0 || 6.8
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Chicago
| 79 || 61 || 27.5 || .451 || .333 || .783 || 6.5 || 1.0 || 1.2 || 1.9 || 10.8
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Chicago
| 29 || 3 || 23.4 || .483 || .000 || .644 || 6.3 || 1.1 || 1.4 || 1.7 || 8.8
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Charlotte
| 25 || 0 || 21.7 || .442 || .000 || .729 || 6.1 || .9 || .9 || 1.5 || 10.1
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Charlotte
| 41 || 2 || 21.0 || .471 || .000 || .787 || 5.5 || .7 || .7 || 1.6 || 10.2
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"| Charlotte
| 54 || 30 || 18.8 || .367 || .333 || .759 || 3.7 || .6 || .7 || 1.1 || 5.6
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Charlotte
| 26 || 2 || 13.8 || .353 || .375 || .839 || 2.3 || .7 || .5 || .6 || 4.8
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|
| style="text-align:left;"|Memphis
| 2 || 0 || 3.5 || 1.000 || || 1.000 || .0 || .5 || .0 || .0 || 2.0
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|Career
| 402 || 129 || 19.7 || .438 || .235 || .732 || 4.8 || .9 || .8 || 1.3 || 7.7
Playoffs
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|2007
| style="text-align:left;"|Chicago
| 10 || 0 || 12.2 || .390 || || .633 || 3.4 || .6 || 1.0 || .5 || 5.1
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|2009
| style="text-align:left;"|Chicago
| 7 || 7 || 27.9 || .438 || .000 || .786 || 6.3 || .9 || 1.0 || 2.9 || 9.6
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|2010
| style="text-align:left;"|Charlotte
| 4 || 0 || 17.0 || .625 || || .833 || 5.5 || .5 || .5 || .5 || 8.8
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2"|Career
| 21 || 7 || 18.3 || .457 || .000 || .700 || 4.8 || .7 || .9 || 1.3 || 7.3
Personal life
Thomas is known for his extensive tattoo work. He was introduced to tattoos by his mother who brought him to a tattoo artist when he was in tenth grade.
References
External links
LSU Tigers bio
ESPN.com profile
DraftExpress.com profile
1986 births
Living people
African-American basketball players
American expatriate basketball people in Germany
American men's basketball players
Basketball players from Baton Rouge, Louisiana
Charlotte Bobcats players
Chicago Bulls players
Eisbären Bremerhaven players
Iowa Energy players
LSU Tigers men's basketball players
McKinley Senior High School alumni
Memphis Grizzlies players
Portland Trail Blazers draft picks
Power forwards (basketball)
21st-century African-American sportspeople
20th-century African-American people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyrus%20Thomas |
Possibilities is the forty-fifth studio album by American jazz pianist Herbie Hancock, released on August 30, 2005, by Hear Music and Vector Recordings.
Background
The album features a variety of guest musicians such as Trey Anastasio, John Mayer and Carlos Santana. It earned Hancock two nominations at the 2006 Grammy Awards: Best Pop Collaboration with Vocals for "A Song for You" (featuring Christina Aguilera) and Best Pop Instrumental Performance for "Gelo na Montanha" (featuring Anastasio). A motion picture entitled Herbie Hancock: Possibilities, released on DVD-Video on April 18, 2006, depicts the recording of this album in many different discussions and performances with the collaborating artists. The DVD-Video also includes a demo CD with four of the 10 songs on the album.
Track listing
CD
Notes:
signifies a co-producer
signifies an additional producer
DVD-Video (2006)
Introduction
Christina Aguilera "A Song for You"
Opening Credits/John Mayer "Stitched Up"
Raul Midón "I Just Called to Say I Love You"
Trey Anastasio "Gelo na Montanha (Ice On The Mountain)"
Damian Rice & Lisa Hannigan "Don't Explain"
Carlos Santana & Angélique Kidjo "Safiatou"
Wayne Shorter
Paul Simon "I Do It for Your Love"
Brian Eno
Annie Lennox "Hush, Hush, Hush"
Jonny Lang & Joss Stone "When Love Comes to Town"
Sting "Sister Moon"
Hiroshima, Japan
Nagasaki, Japan
End Credits
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
Notes
References
2005 albums
Albums recorded at Capitol Studios
Albums recorded at Record Plant (Los Angeles)
Hear Music albums
Herbie Hancock albums
Vector Recordings albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Possibilities |
The Hallmark Photographic Collection was amassed by Hallmark Cards, Inc. and donated to the Nelson-Atkins Museum of Art in Kansas City, Missouri in December 2005. At the time of donation, the collection consisted of 6,500 images by 900 artists, with an estimated value of $65 million.
The collection spans the history of photography, from 1839 to the present, with works by Southworth & Hawes, Carleton Watkins, Timothy O'Sullivan, Alvin Langdon Coburn, Edward Steichen, Alfred Stieglitz, Dorothea Lange, Harry Callahan, Jerry N. Uelsmann, Lee Friedlander, Andy Warhol, and Cindy Sherman.
First started in 1964, the collection was one of the earliest corporate photography collections. Hallmark vice president David Strout made the first acquisition of 141 prints by Harry Callahan. These were exhibited in New York in fall 1964, at the Hallmark Gallery store at 720 Fifth Avenue. In the next 12-years, bodies of work by major leading photographers, from Edward Weston and Imogen Cunningham to László Moholy-Nagy and Linda Connor were acquired.
Since 1979, the collection was expanded by Keith F. Davis from 650 works by about 35 photographers, to 6,500 works by about 900 artists. He organized dozens of exhibitions from the collection for tours, and authored a number of publications, including An American Century of Photography: From Dry-Plate to Digital, The Hallmark Photographic Collection, 2nd edition (Abrams, 1999). Other publications include Harry Callahan: New Color, Photographs 1978-1987 (1988); George N. Barnard: Photographer of Sherman's Campaign (1990); Clarence John Laughlin: Visionary Photographer (1990); and The Photographs of Dorothea Lange (1995).
To accompany a 2007 exhibition at the Nelson-Atkins Museum, a survey by Davis and Jane L. Aspinwall of the collection's key 19th century contents was published: The Origins of American Photography, 1839-1885, from Daguerreotype to Dry-Plate (2007).
References
Photographic collections and books
Hallmark Cards | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hallmark%20Photographic%20Collection |
Ioannis Sofianopoulos (; 10 August 1887 – 27 July 1951) was a Greek politician.
Born in Sopoto, Kalavryta, to the lawyer Andreas Sofianopoulos and Athena Papageorgiou, he studied Law at the University of Athens. During the 1920s, he visited various parts of the Balkans describing his impressions in a series of articles and books. He was elected a member of parliament for the Serres constituency in the 1933 Greek election, representing the Farmers' Party. He served twice as Foreign Minister of Greece between 1945 and 1946. From 1950 to 1951 he served again as a member of parliament, representing the Democratic Alignment.
Publications
Economical and political study on the Balkan States and on Central and Eastern Europe, Athens 1927
Geographical, political and geo-economical studies on the basin of the Danube, the Balkan peninsula and of East Mediterranean
References
External links
Arnold Dreyblatt, Who is Who in Central & East Europe
1887 births
1951 deaths
People from Aroania
Farmers' Party (Greece) politicians
Democratic Alignment politicians
Foreign ministers of Greece
Greek MPs 1933–1935
Greek MPs 1950–1951 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ioannis%20Sofianopoulos |
Pan-European liberalism has been a political force since the establishment of the European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party in 1976.
Milestones
15 December 2005
Leaders and Prime Ministers' Meeting in Egmont Palace, Brussels.
27 October 2005
Prime ministers Meeting in Hampton Court.
23–24 September 2005
ELDR Congress hosted in Bratislava, hosted by ANO. Annemie Neyts-Uyttebroeck is elected as new ELDR president.
22 September 2005
50th Anniversary of the ELDR Council meeting in Bratislava.
16 June 2005
40 ELDR Leaders and Ministers met in the Palais Egmont on the eve of the European Council summit under the Luxembourg Presidency of the Council of the EU to discuss the political situation after the EU referendums in France and the Netherlands, as well as to discuss the EU Financial perspectives.
14 May 2005
ELDR Council was organised at the fringe of the Liberal International Congress in Sofia, hosted by NMSS and MRF. The Council discussed "Liberalism in a Multicultural reality", it adopted the new internal rules of the ELDR Party aisbl. Two new member parties joined the ELDR, Convergencia from Catalonia, Spain, and Civic Alliance from Serbia
22 March 2005
The ELDR Prime Ministers and Foreign Ministers and Party president Werner Hoyer met to discuss the EU's relaunch of the Lisbon strategy.
18 October 2004
ELDR Council met in the Bundestag in Berlin, hosted by FDP Leader Guido Westerwelle. Lex Corijn is re-elected unanimously as Secretary-general of the ELDR Party.
July 2004
Establishment of the ALDE political group by merger of the group of the ELDR Party with a group of MEPs from the newly established EDP Party, a splinter party from the EPP.
17 June 2004
Leaders and Ministers meeting in Palais Egmont, Brussels
30 April 2004
An Extraordinary congress was organised to create the ELDR Party aisbl, following the EU regulation 2004/2003, governing the statute and financing of European political parties. The ELDR Congress adopted the new statutes and elected three vice-presidents, Sharon Bowles, Liberal Democrats (United Kingdom), Androula Vassiliou, United Democrats (Cyprus) and Johannes Lebech, det radikale venstre (Denmark).
29 April 2004
About 1000 delegates from all ELDR member Parties from 22 countries attended the Electoral Rally "Freeing Europe's Potential" which was organised in the airport of Brussels to launch our top candidates and our ELDR European electoral campaign priorities.
25 March 2004
PM meeting organised by ELDR and hosted in the official residence of PM Guy Verhofstadt.
11–12 December 2003
Liberal leaders and Ministers met in Val Duchesse, Brussels to discuss the draft European Constitution, ahead of the IGC. The meeting was preceded by a PM meeting which was attended by Mr Erdoğan, Prime Minister of Turkey
12–14 November 2003
European Liberal Democrats met in Amsterdam during the biggest ELDR Congress ever under the heading "Freeing Europe's Potential" in Amsterdam to adopt unanimously the Electoral Manifesto 2004. The ELDR Congress also elected Calin Tariceanu Popescu, from PNL Romania, Katarina Golev from ANO, Slovakia and Wilfried Derksen from D66, Netherlands, as ELDR Vice-Presidents. An urgency resolution was adopted by the ELDR Congress on the Constitutional Treaty.
16 October 2003
ELDR Prime Ministers and Liberal and Democrat leaders met at the fringe of the European Council summit, in the official residence of Guy Verhofstadt, to discuss mainly the IGC and European Council agenda, European Growth Initiative and European Defence.
4 July 2003
ELDR Council was held in London to discuss the final draft electoral manifesto 2004. The Council also welcomed three new political parties: Simeon II National Movement, from Bulgaria; the Liberals of Serbia and the Democratic Alliance Party from Albania
19 June 2003
34 Liberal and Democrat leaders meet in Thessaloniki, before the European Council summit held under Greek Presidency of the Council of the EU – the last summit to be held outside of Brussels. They welcomed the draft Constitutional Treaty as agreed by the European Convention.
25 October 2002
An ELDR Prime Ministers meeting was hosted by Belgian Prime Minister Guy Verhofstadt.
18 October 2002
Under the title "Freedom for Growth", the ELDR Congress was organised in Bath, hosted by the Liberal Democrats. Three new vice-presidents were elected Androula Vassiliou, United Democrats from Cyprus, Alan Beith, Liberal Democrats, from United Kingdom and Johannes Lebech, det radikale venstre, Denmark. Under the ELWN leadership of Maria Kaisa Aula (keskusta, Finland), a gender equality and multicultural approach policy paper was adopted by the Congress.
1 July 2002
Liberal Prime Minister of Denmark, Anders Fogh Rasmussen inaugurates the semester of Danish Presidency of the Council of the EU. With Pat Cox as speaker of the European Parliament and Romano Prodi as President of the European Commission, the European Liberal Democrats now chair the three most important decision-making institutions of the EU.
20 June 2002
Despite a difficult domestic political climate at the time and two major general strikes, 35 Liberal and Democrat Leaders and Ministers met in Seville, at the eve of the European Council summit under Spanish Presidency of the Council of the EU. The meeting proved to be very successful.
4 April 2002
The Movement of Free Citizens (KEP) from Greece and ANO from Slovakia become full members of the ELDR Party. The European liberal family now brings together 49 political parties from the EU member states and candidate countries.
16 January 2002
Pat Cox, president of the ELDR Group, becomes the new President of the European Parliament. Graham Watson (UK) becomes the new leader of the ELDR Group in the European Parliament.
13 December 2001
An ELDR Leaders and Ministers meeting was held in Palais Egmont to discuss the agenda of the European Council.
December 2001
Four Parties from Croatia (Croatia People's Party), Bulgaria (Movement for Rights and Freedoms), Czech Republic (ODA) and Lithuania (New Union) become full members of the ELDR Party.
25–28 September 2001
The annual Autumn Congress 2001 is held in Ljubljana, Slovenia. The ELDR becomes the first European political party to organise its annual congress in an accession country. Rinnovamento Italiano becomes a full member of the ELDR Party.
A new Bureau is elected. Dr Werner Hoyer is unanimously re-elected to the position of President of the ELDR Party with Maria Kaisa Aula, Lamberto Dini, Bas Eenhoorn and John Alderdice being elected as Vice-Presidents. Jules Maaten also unanimously re-elected as party Treasurer.
Ljubljana Congress laid out the foundations for the work of the Electoral Manifesto 2004 under the chairmanship of Hans van Baalen, MP, VVD, Netherlands. It also laid the foundation of E-membership to the ELDR Party.
15 September 2001
ELDR launched its first quarterly newspaper edition "Insight", following the 25th anniversary of ELDR, highlighting ELDR's key mission to reunite Europe and strengthen our family
14 June 2001
Leaders and ministers met at the eve of the European Council summit in Gothenburg, under the Swedish Presidency of the Council of the EU in the National Opera.
6–8 June 2001
25th anniversary of the adoption of the Stuttgart Declaration and the creation of the first European Political family, ELD. During the Council meeting the Liberal Party of Gibraltar, the United Democrats of Cyprus and the Liberal Party of Andorra, became full members of the ELDR Party. The New Democracy of Serbia became an affiliate member.
March 2001
The Liberal Party of Greece is warmly welcomed as a full member whilst the Liberal Party of Macedonia becomes an affiliate member.
December 2000
"I democratici" from Italy become full Member of the ELDR Party
October 2000
Congress in Tenerife under the title " The Enlargement of a Reformed Union an Historical Imperative". Dr Werner Hoyer is elected as new ELDR president.
The Lithuanian Liberal Union, and Lista Di Pietro from Italy become full members of the ELDR. It was also decided that the Bureau would be charged to actively strengthen the contacts with "I Democratici" later this year, in light of their upcoming decision on international alignment.
The newly formed Liberal Democratic Party of Bosnia-Herzegovina replaces the Liberal Party of Bosnia-Herzegovina, following a recent name change and a merger with another party. Venstre from Norway is granted affiliate membership.
April 2000
Lex Corijn is elected new Secretary general of the ELDR Party. Centre Party of Sweden and Latvia's Way become full members.
The President states that the affiliate membership of the Liberal Democratic Party of Macedonia is still valid in spite of its recent split.
September 1999
Christian Ehlers, Secretary general of the Party ends his mandate.
June 1999
Fifth direct elections. 11% of vote and 51 seats secured.
April 1999
The National Liberal Party of Romania (PNL) becomes a full member. The Liberal Democratic Union of Bulgaria (LDU) becomes an affiliate member. The Democratic Alliance Party of Albania (DA) joins ELDR as an affiliate member. The Liberal Party of Kosovo becomes a full member as a sign of support and solidarity.
Congress in Berlin under the title of "Making the Difference. Unity in Freedom: the liberal challenge for Europe".
December 1998
The Estonian Reform Party becomes full member.
June 1998
The Liberal Democracy of Slovenia (LDS) becomes full member. The Liberal Party of Croatia (HSLS) becomes affiliate member.
December 1997
The FDP Switzerland becomes full member after being affiliate to the Party since October 1993. The Liberal Party of Italy joins the ELDR Party as a full member. Latvia's Way and the Lithuanian Liberal Union join as affiliate members.
September 1997
Liberal Party of Bosnia-Hercegovina becomes full member. The Lithuanian Centre Union and the National Party of Romania become affiliate members. The Liberal Party of Macedonia merges with the Democratic Party of Macedonia and joins as affiliate under the name of Liberal Democratic Party of Macedonia.
April 1997
Two affiliate members become full members: SzDSz of Hungary and MPP-MOS of Slovakia. The Coexistence Movement of Slovakia becomes affiliate member.
December 1996
United Democrats of Cyprus join as affiliate member.
November 1996
PSD (Portugal) leaves the ELDR Party and ELDR Group.
September 1996
Democratic Party of Cyprus – DIKO is accepted as affiliate member.
July 1996
Liberal Party of Kosovo is accepted as affiliate member. Congress in Vienna.
March 1996
Liberal Party of Andorra is accepted as affiliate member. Membership of FORO (Spain) ends.
December 1995
Reform Party of Estonia is accepted as affiliate member.
July 1995
Congress in Stockholm. Election of Uffe Ellemann-Jensen (Venstre, DK) as new President of the ELDR Party.
March 1995
Democratic Union of Slovakia becomes affiliate member.
December 1994
Parti républicain asked to withdraw. D'66 (Netherlands) and FdLi (Italy) join. Svobodni Demokrati, SD-OH (Czech Republic) becomes affiliate member.
June 1994
Fourth direct elections – 43 out of increased total of 567 seats.
March 1994
Liberal Party of Bosnia-Herzegovina and Croatian Social Liberal Party (HSLS) become affiliate members.
December 1993
New Spanish party, FORO joins. Liberales Forum (Austria) becomes an affiliate member. Congress in Torquay. ELDR becomes a European political party as the "European Liberal Democrat and Reform Party".
October 1993
Liberal Party of Macedonia, Liberal Party of Finland and FDP-PRD Switzerland become affiliate members.
April 1993
PVV (Belgium) rejoins as VLD
October 1992
Hungarian Civic Party (Slovakia) becomes an Affiliate Member.
July 1992
Congress in Copenhagen.SzDSz (Hungary), Swedish People's Party of Finland and Liberal Democratic Party of Slovenia become affiliate members.
March 1992
Centre Party of Finland becomes an affiliate member.
February 1992
Det Radikale Venstre rejoins. FIDESZ (Hungary) becomes an affiliate member.
June 1991
Congress in Poitiers. Executive Committee becomes a Council with a more flexible structure. Affiliate & Observer member status created. Swedish Liberal party becomes an affiliate member.
Mar. 1991
Christian Ehlers appointed Secretary General, replacing Mario David who becomes Deputy Secretary General of the LDR Group.
June 1990
Congress in Shannon. Guests from Central and eastern Europe. Colette Flesch is succeeded by Willy de Clercq as president. Mario David becomes Secretary General.
July 1989
CDS (Spain) joins.
June 1989
Third direct elections – 10% of vote and 49 seats secured.
December 1988
Congress in Luxembourg.
November 1988
Liberal Democrats (UK) joins
May 1988
Progressive Democrats (Republic of Ireland) joins.
April 1987
Congress in Lisbon.
June 1986
New logo adopted.
April 1986
Congress in Catania. Federation changes its name to "Federation of Liberal Democratic and Reform Parties – ELDR". Statutes are changed to allow for three vice-presidents.
February 1986
PSD (Portugal) joins
December 1985
PRD (Spain) joins.
June 1985
Congress in Groningen, Colette Flesch elected president.
February 1985
Mechtild Von Alemann becomes Secretary General.
June 1984
Second direct elections. 31 seats and 9.7% of votes secured.
December 1983
Congress in Munich. Liberal Party of Greece joins the Federation.
October 1982
Jens Nymand Christensen becomes Secretary General.
May 1982
Congress in Venice.
June 1981
Congress in Copenhagen. Willy de Clercq elected as president.
February 1980
Congress in Paris.
June 1979
In the first direct election to the European Parliament ELD candidates secure 14% of the vote and 39 of the 410 seats.
April 1979
1,200 Liberal politicians attend ELD Election rally.
December 1978
Congress in London – Gaston Thorn confirmed as president.
November 1977
Political programme adopted by congress in Brussels.
July 1977
"European Liberal Democrats" Title chosen for first elections.
December 1976
Florus Wijsenbeek appointed as first Secretary General.
November 1976
First Electoral Congress, The Hague. Draft political programme adopted by newly elected, 12 member executive committee.
March 1976
Federation of Liberal and Democratic Parties in the European Community established. Stuttgart Declaration is adopted. Preparation of draft political programmes commences.
1972
Liberal Leaders' meetings commenced.
April 1947
Foundation of "International World Union" (Liberal International).
History of the European Union
History of liberalism
History of political thought
Pan-Europeanism | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History%20of%20pan-European%20liberalism |
Inukshuk Wireless Inc. is a joint venture of BCE Inc. and Rogers Communications, created in 2005 to establish a Canada-wide network for wireless Internet connectivity in 45 major cities and over 120 rural communities, throughout the ten Industry Canada licensed areas. Bell and Rogers separately market the service to their customers as Portable Internet, although Bell also offers a Rural Internet service.
History
Inukshuk Internet, a predecessor to Inukshuk Wireless, was originally formed in 1999. Inukshuk was acquired by Microcell in 2001, which was acquired by Rogers in 2004. The spectrum and technology was merged into the joint venture with Bell in 2005.
Until November 7, 2008, Bell Internet Portable was referred to as Sympatico High Speed Unplugged or Bell WiMAX Unplugged. Likewise, Bell Internet Rural was referred to as Bell WiMAX In-home.
Bell had announced termination of its Portable Internet service on February 14, 2012.
Rogers had announced termination of its Portable Internet service on March 1, 2012.
The 30Mhz slice of 2300Mhz spectrum was transferred to Orion Wireless Partnership, for a fixed wireless LTE national network.
Network
The Inukshuk network was built using pre-WiMAX technology provided by Expedience solution from Motorola, now Nexpedience Networks.
Coverage
The network provides connectivity to 45 major cities and more than 120 rural communities throughout the ten Industry Canada licensed areas.
Activation, however, is only available in certain rural regions. Bell only allowed customers in the following regions of the province of Ontario to subscribe to Portable or Rural Internet:
Bruce County
Dawn-Euphemia
Dufferin County
Laurentian Valley
Middlesex County
Simcoe County
South Glengarry
Services
Wireless Internet
Monthly bandwidth limits for customers were not tightly enforced, and simply existed to protect against network abuse. Bell's Rural ("In-home") service used the same technology as the portable ("Unplugged") product, except the modem itself was mounted to a user's home in the direction of the tower it would have connected to. Hence, it was not designed to be portable.
Bell also offered "Unplugged" service for businesses.
Peer-to-peer throttling
Inukshuk Wireless throttled peer-to-peer (P2P) traffic on its network during peak times of the day.
For Bell customers, downloads and uploads were throttled to 512 kbit/s from 16h30 to 17h59 EST, then to 256 kbit/s from 18h00 to 23h59 EST, and again to 512 kbit/s from 0h00 to 1h00 EST every day. No throttling occurred from 1h00 to 16h30.
References
External links
Bell Canada
Internet service providers of Canada
Rogers Communications
Telecommunications companies established in 1999
1999 establishments in Canada | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Inukshuk%20Wireless |
Baudrecourt (; from 1915 to 1918, before Baudrecourt) is a commune in the Moselle department in Grand Est in northeastern France.
Situated between Nancy and Metz, it is the terminus of the first phase of the LGV Est train line connecting Paris to Strasbourg.
Population
See also
Communes of the Moselle department
References
External links
Communes of Moselle (department) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baudrecourt%2C%20Moselle |
2-Undecanone, also known as methyl nonyl ketone and IBI-246, is the organic compound with the formula CH3C(O)C9H19. It a colorless oil. It is usually produced synthetically, but it can also be extracted from various plant sources, including from essential oil of rue. It is found naturally in bananas, cloves, ginger, guava, strawberries, wild-grown tomatoes, and the perennial leaf vegetable Houttuynia cordata.
Uses
Because of its strong odor it is primarily used as an insect repellent or animal repellent. Typically, 1–2% concentrations of 2-undecanone are found in dog and cat repellents in the form of a liquid, aerosol spray, or gel. 2-Undecanone is also used in the perfumery and flavoring industries.
It has been investigated as a mosquito repellant, like DEET.
Chemical properties
2-Undecanone is a ketone that is soluble in organic solvents but insoluble in water. Like most methyl ketones, 2-undecanone undergoes a haloform reaction when in the presence of a basic solution of hypochlorite. For example, the reaction between 2-undecanone and sodium hypochlorite yields sodium decanoate, chloroform, and sodium hydroxide.
CH3CO(CH2)8CH3 + 3 NaOCl → CH3(CH2)8COONa + CHCl3 + 2 NaOH
See also
Perfume allergy
Notes
References
Lange's Handbook of Chemistry (14th Edition), McGraw-Hill, 1992; Section 1; Table 1.15
The Condensed Chemical Dictionary (10th Edition), Gesner G. Hawley
2-Undecanone from The Good Scents Company
MSDS for 2-Undecanone
Alkanones
Insect repellents | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2-Undecanone |
Antiochia in Scythia () was an ancient city on the Jaxartes (now the Syr Darya river). The precise location is unknown, but it likely lies in Uzbekistan. Kanka, near Tashkent, and the Ferghana Valley have been proposed as possible locations. The Jaxartes river was the border between Sogdiana and Scythia in antiquity. In Seleucid times, Antiochia in Scythia and Alexandria Eschate (also on the Jaxartes) formed the last frontier of the Hellenistic world. (Pliny, Natural History, Book VI, ch. 18) It appears at the eastern end of the Tabula Peutingeriana map.
External links
Embassy of Uzbekistan to the United States sights page
Ancient Greek archaeological sites in Central Asia
Seleucid colonies
Former populated places in Uzbekistan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antiochia%20in%20Scythia |
The Gilman Paper Company collection is an archive of original photographic prints and negatives, and it was donated to the Metropolitan Museum of Art. The collection was formed over the course of two decades (roughly 1977–1997) by Howard Gilman (1924–1998), chairman of the Gilman Paper Company.
Publication
A bound folio of the collection was published as Photographs from the Collection of the Gilman Paper Company by The White Oak Press, 1985. The edition was limited to 1200 copies. The images were curated by Pierre Apraxine and the plates were made by master printer and photographer Richard Benson.
The curated images in Photographs from the Collection of the Gilman Paper Company consist of iconic images from the era of daguerreotypes to 1960's images by Robert Frank and Diane Arbus.
Richard Benson's print work for the publication is described as "the magisterial Photographs from the Collection of the Gilman Paper Company (1985), are the apex of black-and-white, offset lithography presswork."
References
External links
Gilman Collection to Met
Photographic collections and books
Photo archives
Collection of the Metropolitan Museum of Art | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gilman%20Paper%20Company%20collection |
Bailey E. Howell (born January 20, 1937) is an American former professional basketball player. After playing college basketball at Mississippi State, Howell played 12 seasons in the National Basketball Association (NBA). Howell was a six-time NBA All-Star, two-time NBA champion and was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1997.
Early life
Bailey Howell was born in Middleton, Tennessee, on January 20, 1937, to Walter and Martha Howell. His father was a mail carrier and his mother was a teacher. He had two siblings.
Playing for Middleton High School from 1953 to 1955, Howell scored 1,187 career points, the Tennessee high school record at the time. He was selected all–conference each season, All–State his junior and senior seasons and All–American his senior year of 1955. He averaged 31.2 points per game as a senior.
Howell was recruited by major schools Memphis State, Mississippi, Tennessee, Vanderbilt, and Kentucky, among others. Kentucky Coach Adolph Rupp never made the trip to see Howell play. Ultimately Howell chose to play for Coach Babe McCarthy and the Mississippi State Bulldogs men's basketball program of the Southeastern Conference (SEC).
College career
Howell was a 6'7" forward, playing at Mississippi State University from 1955 to 1959.
In 1956–1957 Howell made his varsity debut, as freshman were prohibited from playing varsity. Playing for Coach McCarthy, Howell made an immediate impact as a sophomore, averaging 25.9 points and 19.7 rebounds, as Mississippi State finished 17–8, placing 3rd in the SEC.
The 1957–1958 season saw Mississippi State improve to 20–5, placing 3rd in the SEC and being ranked 15th in the final polls. Howell averaged 27.8 points and 16.2 rebounds, winning the first of consecutive SEC Most Valuable Player awards.
In his senior season of 1958–1959, Mississippi State finished 24–1 and won the SEC Conference Championship with a 13–1 record. Howell averaged 27.5 points and 15.2 rebounds, winning his second SEC Most Valuable Player award.
In 1959, Howell was named AP First Team All–American. Howell was named to the team along with Bob Boozer of Kansas State, Johnny Cox of Kentucky, Oscar Robertson of Cincinnati, and Jerry West of West Virginia. Howell, Boozer, Robertson, and West have been inducted into the Naismith Basketball Hall of Fame.
Mississippi State University forfeited its NCAA tournament bids during Howell's tenure. The university declined to play in the tournament due to the state of Mississippi's then unwritten practice of not playing against integrated basketball teams. “It was the biggest disappointment of my basketball career,” Howell said of the Mississippi State University's decision. “I was never so disappointed. In America, no matter what you do, you have the opportunity to go as far as you can go and be whatever you can be. We were denied that opportunity.”
Overall, during his three varsity seasons, Howell led the Bulldogs to a 64–14 record. His career averages of 27.1 points and 17.0 rebounds per game are both still school records. Howell concluded his career as Mississippi State's leading scorer (2,030 points) and leading rebounder (1,277 rebounds). His 47 points against Union in 1958 and 34 rebounds against Louisiana State University in 1957 remain single-game MSU records.
Despite playing at the college level for only three years, he set and still holds Mississippi State records for single-game points scored, career scoring average, single–season and career free throws made, single-season and career free throws attempted, single–game free throw percentage, single-game rebounds, single–season rebounds, career rebounds, and single-season and career rebounding average. His scoring records are particularly impressive, since there was no three-point line or shot clock in the era that he was a player. He is considered a legend to the Bulldog basketball faithful, and one of the best-known players to have played at MSU. He is probably most known for his hook shot, rebounding ability, and work ethic as a player and person.
NBA career
Detroit Pistons (1959–1964)
Howell was the No. 2 pick of the 1959 NBA draft by the Detroit Pistons. He was selected behind territorial pick Wilt Chamberlain and Bob Boozer, both future Hall–of–Famers.
Howell made an immediate impact, averaging 17.8 points and 10.5 rebounds as a rookie in 1959–60, as the Pistons finished 30–45.
In his first season, Howell became friends with Piston teammate Earl Lloyd, who earlier in his career had become the first African-American to play in an NBA game. "Earl took me under his wing and spent a great deal of time teaching me about the pro game." Howell said years later. "He was truly my mentor. We continued our friendship after our playing days were over, keeping in touch and visiting occasionally. My wife and I were at his Hall of Fame enshrinement ceremony."
In his second season, Howell improved to 23.6 points and 14.4 rebounds in 1960–61 as Detroit finished 34–45 under head coach Dick McGuire. Howell was named to his first of four consecutive NBA All-Star Teams. On November 25, 1960, Howell had career highs of 43 poinst and 32 rebounds in a game against the Los Angeles Lakers. The Pistons lost 3–2 in the playoffs to the Los Angeles Lakers as Howell averaged 11.2 points in the series.
The Pistons improved to 37–43 in 1961–62, with Howell leading the team averaging a double-double of 19.9 points and 12.6 rebounds, along with 2.4 assists. The Pistons defeated the Cincinnati Royals 3–1 in the playoffs, behind 22.0 points from Howell. The Pistons were then defeated by the Lakers for the third consecutive year in the Western Conference Final 4–2, as Howell averaged 18.7 points in the series.
In 1962–63 Howell averaged a double-double of 22.7 points and 11.5 rebounds. The Pistons finished 34–46, losing to Bob Pettit and the St. Louis Hawks 3–1 in the playoffs, with Howell averaging 17.8 and 10.5 in the series.
The Pistons replaced Dick McGuire with Charles Wolf as head coach in 1963–64 and the team finished 23–57. Howell again was an All-Star and averaged a double-double of 21.6 points and 10.1 rebounds.
Baltimore Bullets (1964–1966)
On June 18, 1964, Howell's Detroit tenure ended. He was traded by the Pistons with Bob Ferry, Les Hunter, Wali Jones and Don Ohl to the Baltimore Bullets for Terry Dischinger, Don Kojis and Rod Thorn.
With Baltimore in 1964–65, Howell led the league in personal fouls (345) and averaged 19.2 and 10.5 rebounds, playing alongside Walt Bellamy. The Bullets finished 37–43 under head coach Buddy Jeannette. The Bullets won their first round series 3–1 over the St. Louis Hawks, before losing 4–2 to the Los Angeles Lakers in the Western Conference Finals, despite 21.8 points and 13.4 rebounds from Howell. Jerry West averaged 46.3 points and 6.8 assists for the Lakers in the series.
Under head coach Paul Seymour (Jeannette moved to become the GM), the Bullets finished 38–42, and Howell averaged 17.5 points and 9.9 rebounds. The team was swept by the St. Louis Hawks in the playoffs.
Boston Celtics (1966–1970)
Howell's career took a landmark turn on September 1, 1966, when he was traded by the Baltimore Bullets to the Boston Celtics for Mel Counts in a trade engineered by the Celtics' Red Auerbach. In Boston, Howell joined a roster loaded with future Hall of Famers: player-coach Bill Russell, John Havlicek, Don Nelson, K.C. Jones, Satch Sanders, Wayne Embry and Sam Jones. Howell blended in quite well, averaging 20.0 points and 8.4 rebounds for the 60–21 Celtics. Undoubtedly Russell's rebounding skills kept a few from Howell, as Russell averaged 21.0 rebounds per game. The Celtics defeated the New York Knicks 3–1 in the playoffs, before losing 4–1 to Wilt Chamberlain and the eventual NBA Champion Philadelphia 76ers in the Eastern Conference Finals. Chamberlain averaged a triple-double of 32.0 points, 21.6 rebounds and 10.0 assists in the series. Howell averaged 17.2 points and 6.8 rebounds.
Howell earned an NBA Championship ring in 1967–68. The Celtics won the NBA Title, defeating the Los Angeles Lakers 4–2 in the NBA Finals. Howell averaged 19.8 points and 9.8 rebounds in the regular season as the 54–28 Celtics earned Russell his first title as head coach. The Celtics beat the Pistons 4–2 in the playoffs, with Howell third on the team with 17.7 points in the series.
In a rematch against Chamberlain and the 76ers in the 1968 Eastern Conference Finals, the Celtics prevailed 4–3 with a 100–96 game seven win, with 17 points and 10 rebounds from Howell.
In the 1968 NBA Finals against the Lakers with Elgin Baylor and Jerry West, Howell averaged 21.0 points and 7.5 rebounds in the 4–2 series victory for the Celtics.
The Celtics defended their NBA Title in 1968–69, earning Howell a second NBA Championship ring. The Celtics finished 48–34 in the regular season as the 32-year-old Howell averaged 19.7 points an 8.8 rebounds on the season, second on the team in scoring to Havlicek and second in rebounding to Russell.
In the 1969 playoffs, the Celtics beat the 76ers 4–1 and the Knicks 4–2 in the Eastern Conference Finals, to set up a rematch with the Lakers in the NBA Finals. Baylor and West now had Chamberlain alongside them as a teammate.
In the 1969 NBA Finals, the Celtics won in seven classic games. Game seven was a 108–106 Celtic win in Los Angeles. Howell averaged 10.6 points and 5.3 rebounds in the series.
Bill Russell retired after the 1969 title, with Tommy Heinsohn taking over as head coach of the Celtics in 1969–70. With an aging lineup and without Russell the Celtics slipped to 34–48, missing the playoffs. Howell averaged 12.6 points and 6.7 rebounds at age 33.
Philadelphia 76ers (1970–1971)
After the season, on May 11, 1970, Howell was drafted by the Buffalo Braves from the Celtics in the NBA expansion draft. He was immediately traded by the Braves to the Philadelphia 76ers for Bob Kauffman and a future 1971 2nd round draft pick (Spencer Haywood).
At age 34, Howell played one final NBA season with the 76ers in a slightly reduced role, averaging 10.7 points and 5.4 rebounds for the 47–35 76ers under head coach Jack Ramsey. The 76ers were defeated by the Bullets in the playoffs with Howell averaging 6.7 points and 4.4 rebounds in the series.
Career legacy
Overall, Howell played 12 seasons (1959–1971) in the National Basketball Association (NBA) as a member of the Detroit Pistons (1959–1964), Baltimore Bullets (1964–1966), Boston Celtics (1966–1970), and Philadelphia 76ers (1970–1971). A six-time All-Star with 17,770 career points (18.7) and 9383 rebounds (9.9), he was elected to the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1997. He won two NBA championships with the Boston Celtics. The best years of his career were during his time with the Celtics and the Pistons.
At the time of his retirement from the NBA in 1971, Howell ranked among the NBA's top 10 leaders in nine statistical categories.
Hall of Fame announcer Dick Vitale called Howell the greatest offensive rebounder in history.
Personal life
Howell married Mary Lou Flowers in 1964. They have lived in Starkville, Mississippi for many years.
After his career ended in 1971, Howell returned to Mississippi State earning his master's degree in physical education while assisting the men's basketball team. Howell went to work with the Converse shoe company most notably working with developing the Converse All-Star. He is very active in Mississippi State athletics fund-raising, specifically the Bulldog Club which raises funds to pay for MSU athletic scholarships.
Howell has served as an elder for the Starkville Church of Christ for many years.
Howell is the father of Mississippi Board of Realtors CEO Beth Hansen and father-in-law of current University of Florida athletic director, Scott Stricklin, a Mississippi State graduate who was athletic director at his alma mater before taking the same position at Florida. Stricklin is married to the former Anne Howell, the youngest daughter of Bailey Howell. Anne Howell was a three-time All-Lone Star Conference team member and played tennis for Abilene Christian. Bailey and Mary Lou Howell have three daughters. Their oldest daughter, Amy Howell Allen, and her husband, Stan, live in Paducah, Kentucky.
Honors and awards
The Middleton High School gymnasium (TN) bears his name, dedicated in 1970.
In 1971, Howell was inducted into the Mississippi State University Sports Hall of Fame.
Howell was inducted into the Mississippi Sports Hall of Fame and Museum in 1977.
In 1981, Howell was inducted into the Tennessee Sports Hall of Fame.
In 1997, Howell was inducted into the Naismith Basketball Hall of Fame.
"The Howell Trophy" began in 2005, and is awarded annually to best male collegiate basketball player in the state of Mississippi. The bronze statue was designed by J. Kim Sessums.
Howell was inducted into the College Basketball Hall of Fame in 2006.
Howell's jersey (#52) was the first retired by Mississippi State University. On February 7, 2009, the ceremony took place at halftime of the MSU game against the University of Arkansas. The #52 banner hangs inside Humphrey Coliseum.
Mississippi State renamed Coliseum Drive through campus as "Bailey Howell Drive" in 2014.
NBA career statistics
Regular season
Playoffs
See also
List of National Basketball Association career free throw scoring leaders
List of National Basketball Association career rebounding leaders
List of NCAA Division I men's basketball players with 30 or more rebounds in a game
List of NCAA Division I men's basketball players with 2000 points and 1000 rebounds
References
External links
NBA career stats
MSU Basketball Records
1937 births
Living people
All-American college men's basketball players
American men's basketball players
American people of Welsh descent
Baltimore Bullets (1963–1973) players
Basketball players from Tennessee
Boston Celtics players
Buffalo Braves expansion draft picks
Detroit Pistons draft picks
Detroit Pistons players
Mississippi State Bulldogs men's basketball players
Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame inductees
National Basketball Association All-Stars
Philadelphia 76ers players
People from Middleton, Tennessee
Small forwards
Sportspeople from Starkville, Mississippi | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bailey%20Howell |
Lloyd Lake, also known as Mirror Lake or Kissane Lake, is a clay-lined lake in Golden Gate Park, San Francisco,
named in memory of Reuben Hedley Lloyd, the park commissioner. It is home to a wide variety of non-native, non-migratory birds. Birds to be found within the lake area include geese, Pekin ducks, Muscovy ducks, Campbell ducks, mallards, gulls and pigeons.
Architecture
The lake is home to some early San Francisco architecture: the remains of Alban Nelson Towne's 1101 California Street, Nob Hill house can be found by the lake, between JFK Drive and Crossover Drive. After the 1906 earthquake and fire devastated the building, his wife presented the portico, popularly known as "Portals to the Past", to the park in 1909. All that remains of the mansion are the ionic columns of the entrance, which stand in isolation.
In popular culture
The site is mentioned in Alfred Hitchcock's film Vertigo (1958) as a place where Madeleine Elster (Kim Novak) enters a trance and becomes possessed. "Portals to the Past" also play a significant role in the novel License to Ensorcell (2011) by Katharine Kerr.
See also
List of lakes in California
List of lakes in the San Francisco Bay Area
References
Golden Gate Park
Lakes of the San Francisco Bay Area
Landmarks in San Francisco
Lakes of California
Lakes of San Francisco
Lakes of Northern California | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lloyd%20Lake%20%28San%20Francisco%29 |
The 19 Kislev () refers to the 19th day of the Jewish month of Kislev.
The date is celebrated by Hasidic Jews as the Yom Hillula (anniversary of death) of the Maggid of Mezritch, successor of the Baal Shem Tov (the founder of Hasidism), who died on this date in 1772, and more significantly within the Chabad movement, as the date of the liberation of Rabbi Shneur Zalman of Liadi (1798).
Festival of the liberation of Rabbi Shneur Zalman
History
Rabbi Shneur Zalman of Liadi (), the first Rebbe of Chabad (also known as the "Alter Rebbe" in Yiddish), was informed upon by a misnaged named Avigdor and arrested on charges of supporting the Ottoman Empire by urging his followers to send money to the Land of Israel as "evidence" of his alleged insurrectionist aspirations (in fact, the money was sent to support poor Jews). At the time, the Land of Israel was a part of the Ottoman Empire, which was at war with Russia. Shneur Zalman was charged with treason, and released in the secular year 1798 on the Jewish date of Tuesday, 19 Kislev. The fifty-three days of Rabbi Shneur Zalman's imprisonment are said to correspond to the fifty-three chapters of the first section of the Tanya.
Commemoration
This day is regarded in the Chabad movement as a divine vindication, and is celebrated by Chabad Chasidim with farbrengens. It is regarded as "the New Year of Chassidus (Hasidism)," when each Chassid wishes the other, "may you be signed and sealed for a good year in the study and ways of Chassidus." Tachanun is not recited. The last verses of Psalm 55, "He has redeemed my soul in peace," are traditionally sung on this day. These verses are a reference to the experienced by the Alter Rebbe on this day. Rabbi Shneur Zalman said: "Whoever participates in my celebration will merit to see nachas from his descendants." The day is also marked by many other non-Chabad Chassidic groups.
20 Kislev
When the Alter Rebbe left prison he was mistakenly brought to the home of a misnaged (one opposed to Chassidus), who caused him to suffer with his questions. Afterwards, the Alter Rebbe said that the three hours he spent at the misnaged's home were more difficult than all the time he had spent in prison. In commemoration of the fact that the Alter Rebbe's liberation was not complete until he left the misnaged's house, Chassidim mark 20 Kislev as a day of liberation as well.
Incidents during imprisonment
During Rabbi Shneur Zalman's imprisonment he was questioned by an erudite government minister, who posed the following question:
"The verse states that God called to man and said to him, 'Where are you?' Didn't God know where Adam was?" Rabbi Shneur Zalman answered him in accordance with Rashi's explanation that God asked Adam the question "Where are you?" in order to gently begin conversing with Adam, so that Adam would not become startled and disconcerted by God's sudden appearance. The minister indicated that he was aware of that answer, but he wanted to hear Rabbi Shneur Zalman's explanation.
After ascertaining that the minister believed in the eternality of the Torah and its directives, Rabbi Shneur Zalman replied: "When a person is, for example, so and so many years old (mentioning the exact age of his questioner), God asks him: Where are you? Are you aware of why you were created on this earth? Are you aware of what you are expected to do and how much you actually have done?"
Chasidic lore tells that the spirits of the Maggid of Mezeritch and the Baal Shem Tov came to visit Rabbi Shneur Zalman in prison. Rabbi Yosef Yitzchok Schneersohn is reputed to have once visited the cell (when he was in Saint Petersburg in the summer of 1911), and when he returned, his father, Rabbi Sholom Dovber Schneersohn, the fifth Chabad Rebbe, asked him if the cell had enough room for three people, which implies that Rabbi Sholom Dovber believed that they had appeared as souls in bodies.
Other significant events
Rabbi Yaakov of Marvege (Korebil), a twelfth-century Tosafist and Kabbalist, wrote a book called "Responsa from Heaven," in which he recorded halachic (Jewish legal) responsa he said he had heard from Heaven. After discussing the concept that one should only study Torah after immersion in a mikveh (ritual bath), he describes 19 Kislev as "a day that will herald good tidings."
19 Kislev, 1744 - considered to mark the day upon which Rabbi Shneur Zalman was conceived, as he was born exactly nine months later, on 18 Elul.
19 Kislev, 1809 - the birth date of the Alter Rebbe of Chasidei Zychlin, . It was celebrated as the birth date of the Zychlin dynasty until 95% of its followers were murdered in The Holocaust.
19 Kislev, 2011 - the day that the Iraq War ended.
19 Kislev, 2017 - U.S. President Donald Trump says that Jerusalem is the capital of the Nation-State of Israel, and that the US Embassy shall be relocated to the city.
References
External links
A collection of articles about 19 Kislev
About 19 Kislev
A collection of sources about 19 Kislev
1772 in religion
1798 in religion
Chabad history
Kislev 19
Chabad-Lubavitch (Hasidic dynasty)
Days of the Hebrew calendar
Kislev observances
Shneur Zalman of Liadi | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/19%20Kislev |
Despite criticisms of being a vulgar form of humour, use of comic sound as a way of causing laughter has become a recognized and commonly used method. These types of sounds are typical of children's cartoons and slapstick comedy.
Key examples of its use in society and media works are:
Flatulence - Various toys have been produced to replicate this sound, i.e., whoopie cushions.
Ape or monkey-like noises.
Saying a commonly recognized name in a humorous or unusual way.
Saying the name of the person you are greeting on the exhale creating a skeletal voice tone.
Coughing or sneezing in large amounts to either:
Annoy a nearby person, possibly an authority figure.
Intentionally cover up the end of a sentence or a certain word.
A trumpet playing a descending passage with a Wah-wah mute to signify a failure or mistake.
A short drum fill played after a joke's punchline (as in Stand-up comedy).
Loud horn noises sounded when someone is struck in a painful manner.
References
Sound
Comedy | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comic%20sound |
David Clay Goodnow (born October 20, 1939, in Vincennes, Indiana), is an American journalist known for his work as an anchor on CNN Headline News.
Biography
He is a 1957 graduate of Vincennes Lincoln High School, and a member of the Pi Kappa Phi fraternity. He got his start in broadcasting on the AM side of WAKO-FM in September 1959 and in 1961, he moved to WAOV, a radio station in Vincennes, Indiana. He then moved to the television side of the business first taking a job at WTVW in Evansville, Indiana and later WTHI-TV in Terre Haute, Indiana. From 1982 until 2000, he worked as an anchor for CNN Headline News, one of the original anchors at their Atlanta International Headquarters.
As of 2016, he resides outside of Atlanta, Georgia.
Freemasonry
Goodnow was a member of DeMolay, and is in the DeMolay International Hall of Fame, and is also a member of the DeMolay Legion of Honor. He was raised a Master Mason in Lessing Lodge No. 464 in Evansville, Indiana. He also received the 33° in the Ancient Accepted Scottish Rite, Northern Masonic Jurisdiction and the Caleb B. Smith award from the Grand Lodge of Indiana.
References
American television journalists
Living people
American male journalists
Vincennes University alumni
1939 births | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Goodnow |
David Blaustein is a former entertainment correspondent and movie critic for ABC News Radio and frequent contributor to ABC News Now.
Blaustein attended Buffalo State College at which time he landed his first professional radio job with WWKB-AM as a board operator and talk radio producer. While at WWKB-AM, he was offered his first professional on-air gig as a lifestyles reporter for WWKB's sister station, WKSE-FM (KISS 98.5). Blaustein continued to attend college full-time, work at both radio stations and create and co-host a popular talk show on the campus radio station, WBNY-FM, called "Misinformation." Mr. Blaustein's co-host was novelist Micah Nathan, author of Simon and Schuster's Gods of Aberdeen.
Blaustein once served as a radio Producer for Alan Colmes of the Fox News Channel's Hannity and Colmes, and nationally syndicated radio personality Barry Farber.
Blaustein has conducted countless celebrity interviews, broken several major entertainment stories, covered the red carpet at the Oscars and has written, produced, and hosted nearly 20 one-hour entertainment related radio specials.
Blaustein's work was heard on ABC News Radio affiliates around the United States. Many of his interviews and guest appearances can be found on YouTube and Vimeo
Trainwreck: Woodstock '99
Blaustein is featured in the Netflix series Trainwreck: Woodstock 99. Blaustein, a young reporter for ABC News Radio in 1999, is the first person we see in the series, with archival footage of Blaustein participating in an interview in the aftermath of the ill-fated festival.
The titles of episodes 1 and 2, "How the F**k Did This Happen" and "Kerosene. Match. Boom!" are based on quotes from Blaustein.
References
Living people
ABC News personalities
Year of birth missing (living people) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Blaustein |
Theodore Dwight (December 15, 1764 – June 12, 1846) was an American lawyer and journalist. He was a distinguished lawyer, a leader of the Federalist Party, a member of Congress from 1806 to 1807, and secretary of the Hartford Convention in 1814 and 1815.
His talent as a writer made him a brilliant editor at the Hartford Mirror, the Albany Daily Advertiser, and the New York City Daily Advertiser, which he founded in 1817. Among his publications are Life and Character of Thomas Jefferson (1839) and History of the Hartford Convention (1833).
Biography
Theodore Dwight was born in Northampton, Massachusetts on December 15, 1764, a son of Timothy Dwight (1726–1777) and Mary (Edwards) Dwight. He was the brother of Timothy Dwight, the grandson of Jonathan Edwards, and a cousin of Aaron Burr.
Dwight was educated at home by his mother and attended a Northampton district school. He studied law under his uncle Pierpont Edwards, attained was admitted to the bar in 1787 and began practice in Haddam, Connecticut. He moved to Hartford in 1791, where he continued the practice of law.
He was a member of the State council from 1809 to 1815; elected as a Federalist to the Ninth Congress to fill the vacancy caused by the resignation of John Cotton Smith, he served from December 1, 1806, to March 3, 1807. He declined to be a candidate for renomination in 1806. He was secretary of the Hartford Convention in 1814–1815, moved to Albany, New York in 1815, and published the Daily Advertiser from 1815 to 1816.
He moved to New York City in 1817 and established the New York Daily Advertiser, with which he was connected until 1835's Great Fire of New York. In 1839, Dwight published The Character of Thomas Jefferson as Exhibited in His Own Writings, which argued that Jefferson's character was duplicitous and made reference to his affair with slave Sally Hemings.
He returned to Hartford and resided there until about three years before his death, when he returned to New York City, where he died on June 12, 1846, aged 81. He was interred in Green-Wood Cemetery in Brooklyn.
Family
Dwight married Abigail Alsop in 1792. Their children included author Theodore Dwight (1796–1866).
References
External links
1764 births
1846 deaths
American biographers
American male biographers
19th-century American newspaper editors
American male journalists
Journalists from New York City
American publishers (people)
Connecticut lawyers
Members of the Connecticut General Assembly Council of Assistants (1662–1818)
Writers from Northampton, Massachusetts
Writers from Hartford, Connecticut
Writers from New York City
Burials at Green-Wood Cemetery
Yale University alumni
Federalist Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Connecticut
19th-century American male writers
Historians from New York (state)
19th-century American lawyers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore%20Dwight%20%28lawyer%29 |
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