text stringlengths 3 277k | source stringlengths 31 193 |
|---|---|
Michael Craig McDermon (born September 14, 1973, in Queens, New York), better known by his stage name Mic Geronimo, is an American rapper who was acquainted with Irv Gotti of Murder Inc. Gotti and his brother met Mic Geronimo at a Queens high school talent show, and Mic agreed to record a single ("Shit's Real"), which became a classic underground hit. Mic Geronimo landed a deal with Blunt/TVT Records and debuted with the 1995 LP The Natural. His song "Wherever You Are" was sampled by Moby for the track "Jam for the Ladies" in 2002.
The 1997 album Vendetta saw him with a higher profile, working with Jay-Z, Ja Rule, DMX, the LOX and Puff Daddy on the single "Nothin' Move but the Money", the video for which featured porn star Heather Hunter. The video was supposed to be shot by director Hype Williams, but Hype was filming an Usher video, so instead this became the first video directed by Christopher Erskin, who later directed the 2004 film Johnson Family Vacation.
In 2003, Mic Geronimo released Long Road Back, followed by Alive 9/14/73 in 2007.
Discography
Studio albums
Singles
References
Rappers from Queens, New York
TVT Records artists
African-American male rappers
American male rappers
1973 births
Living people
Underground rappers
East Coast hip hop musicians
Hardcore hip hop artists
21st-century American rappers
21st-century American male musicians
21st-century African-American musicians
20th-century African-American people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mic%20Geronimo |
Whittington chimes, also called St. Mary's, are a family of clock chime melodies associated with St Mary-le-Bow church in London, which is related to the historical figure of Whittington by legend.
Whittington is usually the secondary chime selection for most chiming clocks, the first being the Westminster. It is also one of two clock chime melodies with multiple variations, the other being the Ave Maria chimes.
Before the name Whittington became common, the melody used to be referred to as “chimes on eight bells”. However, evidence suggests it was originally a chime on six bells – a melody that has not been in use at St Mary-le-Bow since 1666. In 1905, based on what was known about the six-bell version, Sir Charles Villiers Stanford composed a new melody (still called Whittington chimes) that uses 11 out of the 12 bells in the tower of St Mary-le-Bow; this 11-bell version is the one now used at that church.
Dick Whittington story
The customary English theatre story, adapted from the life of the real Richard Whittington, is that the young boy Dick Whittington was an unhappy apprentice running away from his master, and heard the tune ringing from the bell tower of the church of St Mary-le-Bow in London in 1392. The penniless boy heard the bells seemingly saying to him "Turn again Dick Whittington". Dick returned to London upon hearing the bells, where he went on to find his fortune and became the Lord Mayor of London four times.
According to tradition, Whittington used the tune as a campaign song for his three returns to the office of mayor. A short version of the campaign song goes:
Turn again Dick Whittington,
Right Lord Mayor of London Town.
Chimes of St Mary-le-Bow
The twelve bells in the tower of St Mary-le-Bow, cast in 1956, all have inscriptions on them; the first letters of each inscription spell out:
D W H I T T I N G T O N
Chimes on domestic clocks
The Whittington chimes are less well known than the Westminster (Cambridge) chimes, despite being much older. The chimes are found in many early English bracket and longcase clocks. The melody was not given the name "Whittington Chimes" on domestic clocks until the late Victorian period onwards.
Whittington chimes found on domestic clocks are variations on the eight-bell melody, and there are at least four variations of this chime sequence. Currently the Whittington chime is often available on grandfather clock movements that have selectable chimes and some quartz clocks.
Bawo & Dotter Chimes
One of the Whittington chime variations is also known as the Bawo & Dotter chimes, and is usually found on many older German movements such as early models of Junghans grandfather clocks. This version of the chimes is remarkably different and unique from the other three variations; only the first-quarter melody remains the same with the other variations.
References
Clocks
Anonymous musical compositions
Compositions by Charles Villiers Stanford | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whittington%20chimes |
Gaspard Corrette (c. 1671before 1733) was a French composer and organist.
He was born around 1671, probably in Rouen, where he was organist for the church of St-Herbland. In approximately 1720 he moved to Paris. The exact date of his death is not known. His son, Michel Corrette, also was a musician, composer, violinist, harpsichordist and organist.
Works
The only surviving work by Corrette is an organ mass in the eighth Church Mode, published in 1703. The mass consists of 24 pieces, all in Tone 5, except for the Elevation which is in Tone 1.
Messe du 8e Ton pour l’Orgue à l’Usage des Dames Religieuses, et utile à ceux qui touchent l’orgue.
Premier Kyrie - Grand Plein Jeu
Fugue
Cromhorne en Taille
Trio à deux dessus
Dialogue à deux Choeurs
Gloria In Excelsis - Prélude à deux Choeurs
Concert pour les Flûtes
Duo
Récit tendre pour le Nasard
Dialogue de Voix humaine
Basse de Trompette ou de Cromhorne
Dessus de Tierce par accords
Tierce en Taille
Dialogue à deux Choeurs
Graduel - Trio
Offerte - Grand dialogue à trois Choeurs
Premier Sanctus - Plein Jeu
Second Sanctus - Duo
Élévation - Cromhorne en Taille
Plein Jeu à deux Choeurs pour le premier Agnus Dei
Dialogue en Fugue, pour le Second Agnus Dei
Deo Gratias - Grand Plein Jeu
(Autre) Graduel - Basse de Trompette ou de Cromhorne
(Autre) Élévation - Fond d'Orgue
The composition is the last mass written in the great French tradition established in the 16th century and seen in works of François Couperin and Nicolas de Grigny, among others.
See also
French organ school
External links
Excerpts from Messe du 8e ton
1670s births
1730s deaths
French male classical composers
French Baroque composers
French composers of sacred music
Musicians from Rouen
18th-century classical composers
18th-century French composers
18th-century French male musicians
17th-century male musicians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gaspard%20Corrette |
Food For The Poor, Inc. (FFP) is an ecumenical Christian nonprofit organization based in Coconut Creek, Florida, United States that provides food, medicine, and shelter, among other services, to the poor in Latin America and the Caribbean.
Food For The Poor, Inc. is a 501(c)(3) corporation.
History
In 1982, Ferdinand Mahfood began Food For The Poor to aid the poor and downtrodden in Latin America and the Caribbean. Clergy members from Episcopalian, Lutheran and Catholic churches are the core of the organization, preaching throughout the United States about the need in the countries they serve.
Since 1982, Food For The Poor has distributed more than $12 billion worth of food, medicine, housing materials, water, and other aid to the poor of the Caribbean and Latin America. In 2007, the charity migrated its headquarters from Deerfield Beach, Florida to Coconut Creek, Florida. As of 2020, Food For The Poor employs more than 300 people out of its Coconut Creek location, in addition to employing members of the Clergy as speakers across the United States.
Leadership
The President of Food For The Poor is Ed Raine. Raine joined Food For The Poor in October 2017 and was appointed Executive Vice President in May 2018. In that role, he oversaw many aspects of management for the organization, focusing on organizational development and strategy.
Fundraising programs
Food for the Poor aids the poor through donations of money and supplies, mostly from the United States. A majority of the organization's revenue is from donated goods.
Champions For The Poor is a personal fundraising program that was founded in 2009 and lets supporters create webpages to raise funds for the poor in the Caribbean and Latin America.
The micro-site is hosted by personal fundraising software company Classy.
Angels of the Poor is a monthly giving program that features former Charlie's Angel, Cheryl Ladd, as its spokesperson.
Food For The Poor also hosts an annual Building Hope Gala in Boca Raton, Florida.
Charity programs
Food For The Poor provides, as its main objective, nourishment to the poor. The organization also erects homes for homeless families, supplies medicine and health care in hospitals and clinics, subsidizes orphanages, and teaches children and adults by providing training.
Angels of Hope
Food For The Poor has a child sponsorship program that operates in many of the countries it serves in Latin America and the Caribbean.
According to its website, over 7,200 orphaned or abandoned children are sponsored in the program.
Targeted crisis relief programs
In addition to its general community development and direct aid programs designed to reduce poverty and malnutrition, Food For The Poor provides targeted relief for humanitarian crises. On January 11, 2010, it announced initial success in introducing a new food source, the Basa fish, for the critically malnourished nation of Haiti.
On January 13, 2010, it announced a major relief effort directed toward the people of the same nation to help recover from the catastrophic January 12 earthquake which struck Port-au-Prince. Food For The Poor has built 16,204 housing units since the earthquake. Additionally, 44 schools were built or restored in the Port-au-Prince region.
Shortly after Hurricane Matthew hit Haiti on Oct. 3, 2016, the charity set a goal to build 1,000 housing units in 100 days. The charity's teams in Haiti were able to build 1,086 housing units in 114 days, and now are helping storm victims replant crops and rebuild livestock to offset growing food scarcity
Partners
Food For The Poor partners with local organizations in the countries where they work. Jamaica, the first country assisted by Food For The Poor, today includes more than 1,800 churches as partners in the distribution of food, medicine, educational supplies, and other needed items.
Since 1989, the charity's street feeding program in Kingston, Jamaica has been operated in partnership with the Salvation Army.
Haiti, the largest recipient of aid from the charity, has an expansive network of island-wide distribution hubs and supports thousands of partners in feeding the poorest of the poor.
Some of our other major partners include: the American Nicaraguan Foundation, Caritas, CEPUDO, Fundación Nuevos Horizontes, Living Water, and Order of Malta.
Controversies
As of March 2021, Charity Navigator gives Food for the Poor an Overall Score & Rating of 87.82.
On April 11, 2018, the attorney general for the state of California, Xavier Becerra, filed a limited CEASE AND DESIST order to Food For The Poor, alleging its claim that 95.6% of all donations, including donated goods, to Food For The Poor went directly to programs that help the poor was incorrect and misleading and that the actual number (for 2013) was 66.2% of cash donations. The state also claims that the charity used improper accounting techniques where they would take the inflated US retail value of expiring pharmaceuticals that were donated or made available by Pharma companies for delivery to third-world countries and count that value as the same as cash donations. The state is ordering that the organization pay $1.088 million in fines and stop using the 95% statement. The charity continues to be licensed to solicit charitable funds in the state of California.
Food for the Poor responded that it upholds the highest standards of integrity and honesty and that it is confident that it will demonstrate that its accounting and valuation practices and solicitations meet and often exceed legal requirements, as well as industry best practices. It issued a public statement and is appealing the order.
On September 20, 2019, the California Attorney General's office announced that it had secured a Cease and Desist Order and over $1 million in penalties against MAP International, Food for the Poor, and CMMB (Catholic Medical Mission Board), for deceptive solicitation tactics.
See also
Feed the Children
Food for the Hungry
References
External links
Charities based in Florida
Christian organizations established in 1982
Coconut Creek, Florida
1982 establishments in Florida | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food%20for%20the%20Poor |
"The Death of Queen Jane" is an English ballad that describes the events surrounding the death of a Queen Jane. It is catalogued by Francis James Child as Child #170. Some of the versions given are Scottish, in which the queen's name is Jeanie or Jeany.
Though the circumstances of the ballad's composition are not documented, a close correspondence of names and events suggests that it very likely describes Jane Seymour, the third wife of Henry VIII of England. Historically, Jane Seymour gave birth to a son who became Edward VI of England on October 12, 1537. Unlike in the ballad, where the queen dies of caesarean section, the real Queen Jane gave birth naturally and died of a fever twelve days later.
Synopsis
There are 20 versions of the song given by Child, but they are consistent in the basic tale. Queen Jane is in difficult labour – the time given ranges from three days to an astonishing six weeks – and asks a succession of people to cut open her sides and save her baby. Each refuses her in turn, understanding that this would cause her death. She asks for others to be sent to her – variously her mother, a surgeon or doctor, and King Henry – and of each she makes the same request. Finally someone – King Henry in most versions – succumbs to her pleas and the surgery is done, whereupon she dies. The song ends with descriptions of the mourning, and most versions contrast the joy at the birth of a male heir with the grief over the death of the queen.
Versions
The relationship between Queen Jane and King Henry is described as a loving one in the ballad. In the versions in which he is sent for to hear her plea he is shown as first refusing:
Only when she falls into a swoon – presumably interpreted that she was going to die anyway - are her instructions followed.
Version 170D makes this explicit:
Many versions describe King Henry weeping, his grief for his wife overcoming his joy for his son. One version mentions Princess Elizabeth, who became Elizabeth I as the one who "goes weeping away."
Text of version 170B
The text is given with the original spelling as Child gives it. This version is one of the more complete ones, and contains most of the story elements found in any of the versions.
There are a few words which may be unfamiliar to modern English speakers.
laboured or travailed, as in childbirth
meikle great
ha hall
Text
In song
Bascom Lamar Lunsford recorded a short Appalachian variant of this ballad in 1935. This recording is available on the Smithsonian Folkways album Bascom Lamar Lunsford: Ballads, Banjo Tunes and Sacred Songs of Western North Carolina.
An original melody composed for this song by Irish guitarist and singer Dáithí Sproule has been widely recorded, including by The Bothy Band, Trian (Liz Carroll, Billy McComiskey and Dáithí Sproule), Loreena McKennitt, Maria Doyle Kennedy, Jon Boden, Méav Ní Mhaolchatha, 10,000 Maniacs, Oscar Isaac in the movie Inside Llewyn Davis, and others.
The ballad is included in Loreena McKennitt's The Wind That Shakes the Barley album.
Recorded by Carol Noonan (Carol Noonan Band) as "Queen Jane" on her recording "The Only Witness" (Philo, CD PH 1209, 1997).
A version of the song was recorded by Oscar Isaac for the movie Inside Llewyn Davis, written and directed by the Coen Brothers.
A version of the song was recorded by Joan Baez on the album Joan Baez/5.
A version of this song was recorded by Andreas Scholl under the title "King Henry" for his album English Folksongs and Lute Songs.
A version was recorded by Karine Polwart on her 2007 album Fairest Floo'er.
A version of this song was recorded by 10,000 Maniacs on the album Twice Told Tales (2015).
References
External links
The complete text of all the versions given by Child.
Sound clip available of CusterLaRue singing a version of this song (titled Queen Jane)
Child Ballads
Songs about queens
Songs about death
Cultural depictions of female monarchs
Jane Seymour | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Death%20of%20Queen%20Jane |
Baron Dorchester was a title that was created twice in British history, once in the Peerage of Great Britain and once in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. The first creation came in the Peerage of Great Britain on 21 August 1786 when the soldier and administrator Sir Guy Carleton was made Lord Dorchester, Baron of Dorchester, in the County of Oxford. He was succeeded by his grandson, the second Baron. He was the only son of the Hon. Christopher Carleton, third son of the first Baron. The second Baron died unmarried at an early age and was succeeded by his first cousin, the third Baron. He was the only son of the Hon. George Carleton, fourth son of the first Baron. He had no sons and was succeeded by his first cousin, the fourth Baron. He was the only son of the Reverend and Hon. Richard Carleton, seventh son of the first Baron. The fourth Baron was a Colonel in the Coldstream Guards. He was childless, and the title became extinct upon his death on 30 November 1897.
The title was revived on 2 August 1899 when the Honourable Henrietta Anne Carleton was made Baroness Dorchester, of Dorchester, in the County of Oxford, in the Peerage of the United Kingdom. She was the elder daughter of the third Baron of the first creation. She was the wife of, firstly, Francis Paynton Pigott and, secondly, of Major-General Richard Langford Leir. In 1899, she assumed by Royal licence the surname of Carleton. She was succeeded by her son from her first marriage, the second Baron. He was a soldier and fought in the Second Boer War and the First World War. He had two daughters but no sons, and on his death in 1963, the title became extinct for the second time.
As indicated by the territorial designations, the titles referred to Dorchester in Oxfordshire (also known as Dorchester-on-Thames) and not to the more famous Dorchester, county town of Dorset.
Barons Dorchester; first creation (1786)
Guy Carleton, 1st Baron Dorchester (1724–1808)
The Hon. Christopher Carleton (1775–1806)
Arthur Henry Carleton, 2nd Baron Dorchester (1805–1826)
Guy Carleton, 3rd Baron Dorchester (1811–1875)
Dudley Wilmot Carleton, 4th Baron Dorchester (1822–1897)
Barons Dorchester; second creation (1899)
Henrietta Anne Carleton, 1st Baroness Dorchester (1846–1925)
Dudley Massey Pigott Carleton, 2nd Baron Dorchester (1876–1963)
Family tree
See also
Marquess of Dorchester
Earl of Dorchester
Viscount Dorchester
References
Attribution
External links
Extinct baronies in the Peerage of Great Britain
Extinct baronies in the Peerage of the United Kingdom
Noble titles created in 1786
Noble titles created in 1899 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baron%20Dorchester |
Signage is the design or use of signs and symbols to communicate a message. A signage also means signs collectively or being considered as a group. The term signage is documented to have been popularized in 1975 to 1980.
Signs are any kind of visual graphics created to display information to a particular audience. This is typically manifested in the form of wayfinding information in places such as streets or on the inside and outside buildings. Signs vary in form and size based on location and intent, from more expansive banners, billboards, and murals, to smaller street signs, street name signs, sandwich boards and lawn signs. Newer signs may also use digital or electronic displays.
The main purpose of signs is to communicate, to convey information designed to assist the receiver with decision-making based on the information provided. Alternatively, promotional signage may be designed to persuade receivers of the merits of a given product or service. Signage is distinct from labeling, which conveys information about a particular product or service.
Definition and etymology
The term, 'sign' comes from the old French signe (noun), signer (verb), meaning a gesture or a motion of the hand. This, in turn, stems from Latin 'signum' indicating an"identifying mark, token, indication, symbol; proof; military standard, ensign; a signal, an omen; sign in the heavens, constellation." In the English, the term is also associated with a flag or ensign. In France, a banner not infrequently took the place of signs or sign boards in the Middle Ages. Signs, however, are best known in the form of painted or carved , inns, cinemas, etc. They are one of various emblematic methods for publicly calling attention to the place to which they refer.
The term, 'signage' appears to have come into use in the 20th century as a collective noun used to describe a class of signs, especially advertising and promotional signs which came to prominence in the first decades of the twentieth century. The Oxford Dictionary defines the term, signage, as "Signs collectively, especially commercial or public display signs."
History
Some of the earliest signs were used informally to denote the membership of specific groups. Early Christians used the sign or a cross or the Ichthys (i.e. fish) to denote their religious affiliations, whereas the sign of the sun or the moon would serve the same purpose for pagans.
The use of commercial signage has a very ancient history. Retail signage and promotional signs appear to have developed independently in the East and the West. In antiquity, the ancient Egyptians, Romans and Greeks were known to use signage. In ancient Rome, signboards were used for shop fronts as well as to announce public events. Roman signboards were usually made from stone or terracotta. Alternatively, they were whitened areas, known as albums on the outer walls of shops, forums and marketplaces. Many Roman examples have been preserved; among them the widely recognized bush to indicate a tavern, from which is derived the proverb, "A good wine needs no bush". Apart from the bush, certain identifiable trade signs that survive into modern times include the three balls of pawnbrokers and the red and white barber's pole. Of the signs identified with specific trades, some of these later evolved into trademarks. This suggests that the early history of commercial signage is intimately tied up with the history of branding and labelling.
Recent research suggests that China exhibited a rich history of early retail signage systems. One well-documented, early example of a highly developed brand associated with retail signage is that of the White Rabbit brand of sewing needles, from China's Song Dynasty period (960-1127 CE). A copper printing plate used to print posters contained message, which roughly translates as: "Jinan Liu's Fine Needle Shop: We buy high quality steel rods and make fine quality needles, to be ready for use at home in no time." The plate also includes a trademark in the form of a white rabbit which signified good luck and was particularly relevant to the primary purchasers, women with limited literacy. Details in the image show a white rabbit crushing herbs, and included advice to shoppers to look for the stone white rabbit in front of the maker's shop. Thus, the image served as an early form of brand recognition. Eckhart and Bengtsson have argued that during the Song Dynasty, Chinese society developed a consumerist culture, where a high level of consumption was attainable for a wide variety of ordinary consumers rather than just the elite. The rise of a consumer culture prompted the commercial investment in carefully managed company image, retail signage, symbolic brands, trademark protection and sophisticated brand concepts.
During the Medieval period, the use of signboards was generally optional for traders. However, publicans were on a different footing. As early as the 14th century, English law compelled innkeepers and landlords to exhibit signs. In 1389, King Richard II of England compelled landlords to erect signs outside their premises. The legislation stated "Whosoever shall brew ale in the town with intention of selling it must hang out a sign, otherwise he shall forfeit his ale." Legislation was intended to make public houses easily visible to passing inspectors of the quality of the ale they provided (during this period, drinking water was not always good to drink and ale was the usual replacement). In 1393 a publican was prosecuted for failing to display signs. The practice of using signs spread to other types of commercial establishments throughout the Middle Ages. Similar legislation was enacted in Europe. For instance, in France edicts were issued 1567 and 1577, compelling innkeepers and tavern-keepers to erect signs.
Large towns, where many premises practiced the same trade, and especially, where these congregated in the same street, a simple trade sign was insufficient to distinguish one house from another. Thus, traders began to employ a variety of devices to differentiate themselves. Sometimes the trader used a rebus on his own name (e.g. two cocks for the name of Cox); sometimes he adopted a figure of an animal or other object, or portrait of a well-known person, which he considered likely to attract attention. Other signs used the common association of two heterogeneous objects, which (apart from those representing a rebus) were in some cases merely a whimsical combination, but in others arose from a popular misconception of the sign itself (e.g. the combination of the leg and star may have originated in a representation of the insignia of the garter), or from corruption in popular speech (e.g. the combination goat and compasses is said by some to be a corruption of God encompasses).
Around this time, some manufacturers began to adapt the coats of arms or badges of noble families as a type of endorsement. These would be described by the people without consideration of the language of heraldry, and thus such signs as the Red Lion, the Green Dragon, etc., have become familiar, especially as pub signs. By the 17th and 18th centuries, the number of commercial houses actively displaying the royal arms on their premises, packaging and labelling had increased, but many claims of royal endorsement were fraudulent. By 1840, the rules surrounding the display of royal arms were tightened to prevent false claims. By the early 19th century, the number of Royal Warrants granted rose rapidly when Queen Victoria granted some 2,000 royal warrants during her reign of 64 years.
Since the object of signboards was to attract the public, they were often of an elaborate character. Not only were the signs themselves large and sometimes of great artistic merit (especially in the 16th and 17th centuries, when they reached their greatest vogue) but the posts or metal supports protruding from the houses over the street, from which the signs were swung, were often elaborately worked, and many beautiful examples of wrought-iron supports survive both in England and continental Europe.
Exterior signs were a prominent feature of the streets of London from the 16th century. Large overhanging signs became a danger and a nuisance in the narrow ways as the city streets became more congested with vehicular traffic. Over time, authorities were forced to regulate the size and placement of exterior signage. In 1669, a French royal order prohibited the excessive size of sign boards and their projection too far over the streets. In Paris in 1761, and in London, about 1762–1773, laws were introduced which gradually compelled sign boards to be removed or fixed flat against the wall.
For the most part, signs only survived in connection with inns, for which some of the greatest artists of the time painted sign boards, usually representing the name of the inn. With the gradual abolition of sign boards, the numbering of houses began to be introduced in the early 18th century in London. It had been attempted in Paris as early as 1512, and had become almost universal by the close of the 18th century, though not enforced until 1805. Another important factor was that during the Middle Ages a large percentage of the population was illiterate and so pictures were more useful as a means of identifying a public house. For this reason there was often no reason to write the establishment's name on the sign and inns opened without a formal written name—the name being derived later from the illustration on the public house's sign. In this sense, a pub sign can be thought of as an early example of visual branding.
During the 19th century, some artists specialized in the painting of signboards, such as the Austro-Hungarian artist Demeter Laccataris. Pending this development, houses which carried on trade at night (e.g. coffee houses, brothels, etc.) had various specific arrangements of lights, and these still survive to some extent, as in the case of doctors' surgeries, and chemists' dispensaries.
Several developments in the early 20th century provided the impetus for widespread commercial adoption of exterior signage. The first, spectaculars, erected in Manhattan in 1892, became commonplace in the first decade of the 20th century and by 1913, "the skies were awash with a blaze of illuminated, animated signs." In the 1920s, the newly developed neon sign was introduced to the United States. Its flexibility and visibility led to widespread commercial adoption and by the 1930s, neon signs were a standard feature of modern building around the world. Privilege signs, which employed the manufacturer's brand as a form of retail endorsement, were common on retail stores during the 20th century, but their use has waned as retailers gained increasing power in the late 20th century. A small number of privilege signs are still present, but most have become abandoned ghost signs.
An early computer generated hard copy of various size metal printed characters for displays was introduced and patented in 1971, Patent US3596285A, may have been the first data driven printed example of signage in the USA.
Historic retail sign boards
Role and function of signage
In general, signs perform the following roles or functions:
Information-provision: signs conveying information about services and facilities, such as maps, directories, instructional signs or interpretive signage used in museums, galleries, zoos, parks and gardens, exhibitions, tourist and cultural attractions that enhance the customer's experience. Retail signage state product names or simply the prices. Highway signs, Billboards, digital displays of stock market quotes, etc.
Persuasion: promotional signage designed to persuade users of the relative merits of a company, product or brand.
Direction/ Navigation: signs showing the location of services, facilities, functional spaces and key areas, such as sign posts or directional arrows.
Identification: signs indicating services and facilities, such as room names and numbers, restroom signs, or floor designations.
Safety and Regulatory: signs giving warning or safety instructions, such as warning signs, traffic signs, exit signs, signs indicating what to do in an emergency or natural disaster or signs conveying rules and regulations.
Navigation – may be exterior or interior (e.g. with interactive screens in the floor as with "informational footsteps" found in some tourist attractions, museums, and the like or with other means of "dynamic wayfinding").
Signs may be used in exterior spaces or on-premises locations. Signs used on the exterior of a building are often designed to encourage people to enter and on the interior to encourage people to explore the environment and participate in all that the space has to offer. Any given sign may perform multiple roles simultaneously. For example, signage may provide information, but may also serve to assist customers navigate their way through a complex service or retail environment.
Read more here on acrylic signage.
Customizable name plates made of high-quality materials designed to last for years.
Available in a variety of sizes, shapes, and colors to create a personalized look.
Customers can choose the font for their name or text.
Crafted using advanced embossing technology to create raised letters or designs on the surface.
Embossed letters or text create a three-dimensional effect, making the name or text stand out.
Adds an elegant touch to the overall design of the name plate.
Ideal for businesses, professionals, and individuals who want to create a professional and personalized look for their workspace.
Easy to install on any surface, such as an office door or desk.
Signage conventions
Pictograms
Pictograms are images commonly used to convey the message of a sign. In statutory signage, pictograms follow specific sets of colour, shape and sizing rules based on the laws of the country in which the signage is being displayed. For example, In UK and EU signage, the width of a sign's pictogram must be 80% the height of the area it is printed to. In the US, in order to comply with the ADA Accessibility Guidelines, the same pictogram must be located within its own defined field, with raised characters and braille located beneath the field.
For a pictogram to be successful it must be recognizable across cultures and languages, even if there is no text present. Following standard color and shape conventions increases the likelihood that the pictogram and sign will be universally understood.
Sign shape
The shape of a sign can help to convey its message. Shape can be brand- or design-based, or can be part of a set of signage conventions used to standardize sign meaning. Usage of particular shapes may vary by country and culture.
Some common signage shape conventions are as follows:
Rectangular signs are often used to portray general information to an audience.
Circular signs often represent an instruction that must be followed, either mandatory or prohibitive.
Triangular signs are often warning signs, used to convey danger or caution.
Sign technology
Materials
Below is a list of commonly used materials in signmaking shops.
Acrylic
Aluminium composite panel
Corrugated plastic
High-density polyethylene (HDPE)
High-density polyurethane
Medium density overlay panels
Modular curved frame technology
Oilcloth
Polyvinyl chloride (PVC or vinyl)
Polycarbonate
Polypropylene, polystyrene, and other thermoplastics
Wood
Stainless Steel
Plexiglass
Channelume Signs
Processes
Below is a list of commonly used processes in signmaking shops.
CNC routing
Laser cutting
Abrasive blasting
Plotter cutting
Printmaking, Screen printing, or sign painting
Channel lettering
Vacuum forming
Steam welding / rolling
Laminating prints
Lighting
Signs frequently use lighting as a means of conveying their information or as a way to increase visibility.
Neon signs, introduced in 1910 at the Paris Motor Show, are produced by the craft of bending glass tubing into shapes. A worker skilled in this craft is known as a glass bender, neon or tube bender.
Light-emitting diodes (LEDs ) are frequently used in signs for both general illumination, display of alphanumeric characters with animation effects, or as part of multi-pixel video displays. LED signs became common at sport venues, businesses, churches, schools, and government buildings. Brightness of LED signs can vary, leading to some municipalities in the United States banning their use due to issues such as light pollution.
In wayfinding
See also
Barber's pole
Brand implementation
Digital signage
Georges Claude
Ghost sign
Information sign
Neon sign
Neon lighting
Privilege sign
Semiotics
Signwriter
Trailblazing
References
Further reading
External links
Advertising by medium
Encodings
Illustration
Infographics
Retailing equipment and supplies | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Signage |
Popilius or Popillius is the nomen of the Roman gens Popillia.
Other uses
Popilius (beetle) a genus of beetles in the family Passalidae | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Popilius |
Friends Hospital is a psychiatric hospital located in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States.
Founded in 1813 by Quakers as The Asylum for the Relief of Persons Deprived of the Use of Their Reason, the institution was later renamed the Frankford Asylum for the Insane. It was the first private mental hospital in the United States, and is the oldest such institution with a continuous history of operation. Its campus, which dates to its founding, is a National Historic Landmark.
Friends Hospital is accredited by the Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare Organizations and licensed by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania.
Mission
The 1813 mission statement of the hospital was "To provide for the suitable accommodation of persons who are or may be deprived of the use of their reason, and the maintenance of an asylum for their reception, which is intended to furnish, besides requisite medical aid, such tender, sympathetic attention as may soothe their agitated minds, and under the Divine Blessing, facilitate their recovery."
History
The Quakers established Friends Hospital in 1813, drawing on a belief that all persons could live a "moral, ordered existence if treated with kindness, dignity, and respect", despite disabilities. The influential minister Thomas Scattergood decried what he considered the harsh conditions faced by patients in mental asylums, calling for the "moral treatment" of patients. This model served as an inspiration for the establishment of the Friends Asylum for Persons Deprived of the Use of Their Reason; it was the United States' first privately run psychiatric hospital.
Greystone Program
Located on the grounds of the Friends Hospital, the Greystone Program occupies two houses, Greystone House and Hillside House, and is a long-term community residence for individuals with severe and persistent mental illnesses. Some residents chose to make the Greystone Program their permanent home while others transition to a less structured environment.
See also
List of sites of interest in Philadelphia
References
External links
Nomination document for National Historic Landmark status
Hospitals in Philadelphia
National Historic Landmarks in Pennsylvania
National Register of Historic Places in Philadelphia
Psychiatric hospitals in Pennsylvania
Quakerism in Pennsylvania
Frankford, Philadelphia
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Pennsylvania
1813 establishments in Pennsylvania | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friends%20Hospital |
Korschenbroich () is a city in the Rhein-Kreis Neuss, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is situated on the river Niers, approx. 13 km west of Neuss and 5 km east of Mönchengladbach.
Twin towns – sister cities
Korschenbroich is twinned with:
Carbonne, France
Gallery
References
Towns in North Rhine-Westphalia
Rhein-Kreis Neuss | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Korschenbroich |
As Time Goes By is an album by Harpers Bizarre, released in 1976.
This reunion release of the group does not include former member Ted Templeman.
Dick Scoppettone used several pseudonyms for his original songs (Gene Bob Smith, Misha Mack, Jack Van Gleason, Lord John, Joseph Bocci).
Track listing
"Introduction"
"Cowboy" (Gene Bob Smith)
"As Time Goes By" (Herman Hupfeld)
"Down at Papa Joe's" (Jerry Dean Smith)
"Every Night" (Paul McCartney)
"Society Strut" (Misha Mack, Jack Van Gleason)
"Lullaby of Broadway" (Harry Warren, Al Dubin)
"Speak Low" (Kurt Weill/Ogden Nash)
"Banana King Louie" (Lord John)
"My Melancholy Baby" (Ernie Burnett, George Norton; arr. by Ray Keller, Jack Van Gleason)
"Beechwood 4-5789" (William "Mickey" Stevenson, Berry Gordy, Marvin Gaye)
"That's the Way It Was (from Dvorak's "New World Symphony")" (Joseph Bocci, Robert Frost; arr. by Ray Keller, Jack Van Gleason)
"Back in the Saddle Again" (Ray Whitley, Gene Autry)
On the Canadian release, simply entitled HARPER'S BIZARRE (Polydor 2424 162) four tracks (Everynight/Banana King Louie/Beechwood 4-5789/That's The Way It Was) were omitted and replaced by Feelin' Groovy ( re-recorded version)/Listen To The Rain (Scoppetone)/You Gotta Make Your Own Sunshine/Young Love. The last two were issued as a 45 in the U.S.
References
For Canadian version see https://www.discogs.com/Harpers-Bizarre-Harpers-Bizarre/release/8409799
1976 albums
Harpers Bizarre albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/As%20Time%20Goes%20By%20%28Harpers%20Bizarre%20album%29 |
Jamtamót was the parliamentary assembly of Jämtland, a historical province (landskap) in the center of modern-day Sweden in northern Europe. Founded in the first half of the 10th century, it was one of the oldest elected assemblies in the world. All male inhabitants of Jämtland province were allowed to attend, making the gathered congregation rather large compared to the Jämtland population. Jamtamót was held annually the week of March 12, during the week of motsveckan, Jämtland's biggest market.
Etymology
Unlike other Scandinavian assemblies, it is referred to as a mót, not þing, both meaning 'assembly'. The word mót is found in e.g. the political institution Witenagemot in Anglo-Saxon England.
Function
The Jamtamót was the highest authority in Jämtland during the time it was most prominent. Disputes were settled and judgments given in criminal cases. In addition the assembly worked as a kind of government in relation to other Scandinavian lagting areas, as the council decided on tax issues. The Jamtamót initially had no king over it, and hence Jämtland in the period before 1178 is regarded as a peasant republic. All free men had to participate, and the most prominent men in the different families deliberated and jointly discussed various issues concerning the country. Decisions on important matters were taken, enhanced by asking and informing everyone assembled. There are theories that the Jamtamót decided to turn Jämtland to Christianity during the 1000s, shortly after the Battle of Stiklestad.
History
There is some evidence that the population of Viking Age Scandinavia strived to reproduce the “ideal assembly site”, described in Eddic poetry.
The Jamtamót continued to operate after falling under Norwegian control with the loss at the Battle of Storsjön in 1178. Even when Norway was centralized, the Jamtamót continued. When the Kalmar Union was formed, and Jämtland ended up far from the central power, the althing again increased its significance. In the late 15th century the Jamtamót was a Norwegian Legislative Assembly. It lost its status as a judicial body but was not abolished, and Jämtland came to have two parallel assemblies.
In the 16th century, Jämtland became a Danish county. After the Swedish occupation of Jämtland in the Northern Seven Years' War (1564-1570), King Christian IV forbade the Denmark assembly, but it continued to exist in secret and in the protection of the market week.
After Jämtland became Swedish in 1645, parts of the Jamtamót were transferred to a Swedish rural summer assembly called Jämtland landsjämnadsting. During the last half of the 19th century, the Jämtland landsjämnadsting was the only existing county council in Sweden. The 1862 municipal ordinances resulted in the creation of counties throughout all Swedish provinces. The only difference in Jämtland was that it now also included representatives from Härjedalens parishes in the county. The Jämtland County Council is therefore the only county in Sweden with a continuity from its roots as a medieval Germanic general assembly.
Jamtamot in the present
There is an unbroken link between today's Jämtland County Council and the medieval althing from the time the Jämtland operated independently, without any king. Jämtland's population has declined since the 1950s, and the government has proposed amalgamation between Jämtland and Härjedalen.
The center partist Håkan Larsson, a former member of the Swedish parliament coming from Jämtland, is one of the most serious politicians arguing for a reestablishment of Jamtamót. On his home page where he presents his vision of Jämtland year 2052 he writes:
"Sedan dess har självstyret stärkts och i dag har länet ungefär samma självstyrande roll inom Sverige som Åland hade inom Finland redan på 1900-talets slut. Jamtamot har utvecklats till ett starkt regionalt parlament. Ett tecken på uppslutningen bakom parlamentet är att härjedalingarna numera aldrig talar om att lämna Jämtlands län för Gävleborg."
which roughly translates to:
"Since then the autonomy has become strengthened and today the county [of Jämtland] has approximately the same role of autonomy within Sweden as Åland had within Finland already in the end of the 20th century. Jamtamót has developed into a strong regional parliament. A sign of the support behind the parliament is that nowadays, the people of Härjedalen never speak about leaving the county of Jämtland for Gävleborg."
See also
Althing
Jämtland
References
History of Jämtland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jamtam%C3%B3t |
See also Popilius (disambiguation)
Publius Popillius Laenas was consul in 132 BC, and builder of the Via Popilia.
When consul he incurred the hatred of the populares by his harsh measures as head of a special commission appointed to take measures against the accomplices of Tiberius Gracchus. In 123 BC Gaius Gracchus brought in a bill prohibiting all such commissions, and declared that, in accordance with the old laws of appeal, a magistrate who pronounced sentence of death against a Roman citizen, without the people's assent, should be guilty of high treason. It is not known whether the bill contained a retrospective clause against Laenas, but he left Rome and sentence of banishment from Italy was pronounced against him. After the restoration of the aristocracy the enactments against him were cancelled, and he was recalled.
The name of the town of Forlimpopoli is probably related to Publius Popillius Laenas who might have founded it during his time as consul.
See also
Laenas
Further reading
Kelly, Gordon P. A History of Exile in the Roman Republic. Cambridge University Press, 2006, pp. 167–168 online.
Notes
2nd-century BC Roman consuls
Ancient Roman exiles
Laenas, Publius | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Publius%20Popillius%20Laenas |
Sasan (Middle Persian 𐭮𐭠𐭮𐭠𐭭 Sāsān > Persian ساسان), considered the eponymous ancestor of the Sasanian (or Sassanid) Dynasty (ruled 224-651) in Persia, was "a great warrior and hunter" and a Zoroastrian high priest in Pars. He lived sometime near the fall of the Arsacid (Parthian) Empire in the early 3rd century.
Identity of Sasan
Medieval sources
There are many slightly different stories concerning Sasan and his relation to Ardashir I, the founder of the Sasanian Empire. The northern Iranian historian Tabari mentions that Sasan married Rambehesht, a princess of the Bāzarangid family, the vassal dynasty of Pārs, and that Sasan was a grandfather of Ardashir I, while Papak is named as Ardashir I's father.
According to the Pahlavi book of Karnamak-i Artaxshir-i Papakan, Sasan's wife was a daughter of a nobleman called Papak. The marriage was arranged by Papak after hearing that Sasan has "Achamenian (Achaemenid) blood in him". Their son was Ardashir I. Sasan vanishes shortly after Ardashir appears in the story and Papak is "considered the father of Ardashir".
These stories on different relations between Ardashir, Pāpak, and Sāsān have, according to Frye, a Zoroastrian explanation. Sasan was indeed the father of Ardashir and "disappears" from the story after the birth of Ardashir. Similar to the current Zoroastrian practices, Papak had then taken the responsibility of his daughter and her son Ardashir after Sasan "disappears" and is named afterwards as the father of Ardashir.
In the Kabe Zartosht inscription of Shapur I the Great, the four named persons "Sasan, Papak, Ardashir, Shapur" have different titles: Sasan is named as hwataw or xwadāy ("the lord", usually given to sovereigns of small local principalities), Papak as shah, Ardashir as shāhanshāh ("King of Kings of the Sasanian Empire") and Shapur as "King of Kings of Iran and Aniran".
Modern sources
However, according to Touraj Daryaee, Sasanian sources cannot be trusted because they were from the royal Sasanian archives, which were made by the court, in the words of Daryaee, "to fit the world-view of the late Sasanian world". Daryaee and several other scholars state that Sasan had his name from a deity who was known in many parts of Asia but not in Fars, the homeland of the Sasanians, which thus means that Sasan was an Iranian foreigner from the west or the east who had settled in Fars, whose inhabitants did not know about this deity he believed in. Sasan later managed to become the priest of the important Anahid temple in Estakhr, the capital of Fars. According to the Bundahishn, which according to Daryaee was made independently and not by the Sasanian court, Sasan's daughter later married Papak and bore him Ardashir. Furthermore, the Bundahishn states that Sasan was the son of a certain Weh-afrid.
Politics of the Sasanian family
The political ambition of Sasan was evoked by the troubles and weakness of the last years of the Parthian empire. According to Tabari, Papak managed to consolidate his power with the help of his own sons Shapur and Ardashir. This is considered the beginning of the Sasanian dynasty.
Sasan's family became the rulers of the second Persian Empire and ruled over a great portion of western Asia (the first Persian Empire having been ruled by the dynasty of Cyrus the Great). The three founders of this new empire – that is, Papak and his two sons – are depicted and mentioned on the wall of the harem of Xerxes at Persepolis, a remnant site of the Achaemenids, a representation suggested to be the evidence of a claim to Achaemenid heritage likely later added.
Sasan is known for his efforts to try to bring Zoroastrianism back into the empire. He even encouraged Papak to take over the Parthian satrapy of Pars.
See also
List of shahanshahs of the Sasanian Empire
Sasanian Empire
Notes
Bibliography
2nd-century Iranian people
History of Zoroastrianism
Sasanian dynasty
Shahnameh characters | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sasan |
Saad el-Din Mohamed el-Husseiny el-Shazly (, ) (1 April 1922 – 10 February 2011) was an Egyptian military commander. He was Egypt's chief of staff during the October War. Following his public criticism of the Camp David Accords, he resigned from his post as Ambassador to Britain and Portugal and went to Algeria as a political refugee.
He is credited with the equipping and preparation of the Egyptian Armed Forces in the years prior to the successful capture of the Israeli Bar-Lev line at the start of the Yom Kippur War. He was dismissed from his post on 13 December 1973.
Early life
He was born in the village of Shabratna, Basyoun Center, in Gharbia Governorate, in the Nile Delta, on April 1, 1922, in an upper-middle class family. His father was a notary, and his family owned (70) acres. His father is Hajj al-Husseini al-Shazly, and his mother, Mrs. Tafidah al-Jawhari, is the second wife of his father. He was named after the 17th Prime Minister of Egypt, Saad Zaghloul. His father was one of the owners of agricultural lands who married twice and had nine children with first wife: Muhammad, Hamid, Abdel-Hakim, Al-Hussaini, Abdel-Salam, Nadhima, Farida, Bassima and Morsyah. As for the second wife, Al-Jawhari, she is the mother of Shazly.
His father's cousin is Abd al-Salam Pasha Al-Shazly, who took over the lake directorate and the Ministry of Awqaf.
El-Shazly received sciences in the elementary school in Basioun School, which is about 6 kilometers from his village. After completing his primary education at age 11, his father moved to live in Cairo and he completed the preparatory and secondary levels in Cairo schools.
Commands Held
He joined the Military Academy in February 1939 and was the youngest student in his class.
He graduated from the Military College in July 1940 with the rank of a lieutenant in the infantry in the same class of Khaled Mohieddin.
In 1943, while a lieutenant, he was chosen to serve in the Royal Guard.
He participated in the Second World War.
Participated in the 1948 Palestine War.
Founder and Commander of the First Parachute Battalion in Egypt (1954 - 1961).
Commander of the 75th Parachute Battalion during the Tripartite Aggression.
Commander of the UAR Battalion in the United Nations Operation in the Congo (1960-1961).
London War Attaché (1961-1963).
Commander of the 1st Infantry Brigade (participated in the (Yemen War) (1965 - 1966).
Commander of the Special Forces (Parachutes and Thunderbolts) (1967-1969).
Commander of the Red Sea Military Region (1970 - 1971).
Chief of Staff of the Egyptian Armed Forces (1971-1973).
Assistant Secretary General of the League of Arab States for Military Affairs (1971 - 1973).
Egyptian Ambassador to Britain (1974-1975).
Egyptian Ambassador to Portugal (1975-1978).
Social Status
Al-Shazly got married on December 13, 1943 to Zeenat Muhammad Metwally Al-Suhaimi, daughter of Muhammad Metwally Pasha Al-Suhaimi, who was the director of the Military College in the 1930s, and had three daughters: Shahdan, Nahid and Samia.
Involvement in the Free Officers Movement
His relationship with Gamal Abdel Nasser began when he lived in the same building that Gamal Abdel Nasser inhabited in Abbasiya before the July 23 movement. They had family relations, and in addition to being officers teachers in the School of Administrative Affairs, they met on a daily basis. Jamal Abdel Nasser opened it to the Free Officers in 1951, and Al-Shazly welcomed the idea and joined them, but he did not participate in the night of July 23, 1952 directly, as he was in a college course Pillars of the war.
Airborne Corps
At the rank of major, he traveled to the United States of America on an advanced training mission in 1953 to specialized in parachutes and was one of the first officers to receive the Rangers School course. He then became the commander of the 75th Parachute Battalion during the Triple Aggression of 1956. He took command of the Parachute Force during the period from 1954 to 1959.
During the celebrations of the Revolution Day, which was to be held on July 23, 1954, Al-Shazly suggested to Major General Naguib Ghoneim, the commander of the Cairo military region, to show the parachute corps differently from the rest of the armed forces units that were walking in the normal step in front of the podium, as is well known. He suggested that the parachute corps parade walk by a quick step in front of the podium, and by that, he was the first to suggest walking in a quick step in the special military parades for the paratroopers, which became associated with the thunderbolt and paratroop forces and what distinguished them from other forces and were subsequently transferred by the Arab countries.
UN Mission in Congo
In 1960 (during the unity with Syria), President Gamal Abdel Nasser sent a parachute battalion as part of the United Nations forces to Congo, led by Colonel Al Shazly, at the request of Prime Minister Lumumba and in coordination with the United Nations Secretary-General Dag Hammarskjöld, to maintain security and law and with the aim of preventing Belgium from returning to occupy his country, which became independent on June 30, 1960.
The Arab Parachute battalion was made up of 5 companies (4 companies from Egypt and one from Syria), which got the name 'the Arab battalion in the Congo'. The battalion was stationed in the far north, more than 1,200 kilometers from the capital. It was the first Arab force sent to carry out foreign missions under the leadership of the United Nations.
Events developed and General Staff chief Mobutu Sese Seko led a military coup that controlled the country. Lumumba managed to escape, but he was arrested and killed in January 1961.
Gamal Abdel Nasser then sent a military committee headed by Brigadier Ahmed Ismail Ali to Congo to study what Egypt could offer to advance the Congolese army, but the situation had changed. The new government was eradicating hostility from Gamal Abdel Nasser and demanding the return of the Arab forces. During that period, the dispute occurred between Colonel Al-Shazly and Colonel Ahmed Ismail Ali.
After the killing of Lumumba, Al-Shazly felt in danger and decided unilaterally to leak his soldiers from their positions. He also secured the smuggling of Lumumba's sons to Egypt before the Egyptian battalion withdrew.
Six Day War (1967)
During the Six-Day War, Shazly showed great merit and tactical awareness. He was positioned in the middle of Sinai with a mixed unit of one infantry battalion, two Sa'ka (Thunderbolt) battalions, and one tank battalion. Following the initial air raid and subsequent superiority of the Israeli Air Force (IAF), the Egyptian command had given a chaotic order for all of its troops to retreat westward which would cause most of them to be mopped by the IAF, especially after most communications were lost between the troops and the Egyptian command; Shazly, however, took the most unbelievable of chances and headed eastward through thin passages, invading Israel itself. He eventually positioned himself in the Negev desert, behind most enemy lines. This feat would have made him one of the few Arab generals to ever successfully take and hold territory inside Israel.
He stayed there with his battalions under the cover of two mountains to avoid IAF bombing for two days, the 6th and 7 June. Finally, he succeeded in making contact with the Egyptian command which ordered him to immediately retreat west of the Suez Canal. He responded with one of the most difficult maneuvers executed in the history of the Egyptian–Israeli conflict, a night march (with mechanized units and tanks accompanying) in the desert and through enemy lines. His unit managed to cover about 60 miles of ground throughout the Sinai, without any air support or intelligence. As dawn broke, the column was spotted by Israeli aircraft, which made low-level passes, bombing and strafing his forces. Lacking anti-aircraft weaponry, his forces could only reply with machine gun and small arms fire. Over 100 of his troops were killed, but the Israeli planes eventually went off in search of other targets, and his column drove on, managing to avoid Israeli ground forces and reaching the Suez Canal. He became the last military commander to pass from the east of the canal to the west.
In the later years, he was highly respected within the Egyptian military for his feats and was eventually granted the command of the combined paratroopers and Sa'ka Forces from which he would move on to be the chief of staff of the Egyptian army and play a major role in the Egyptian major offensive in 1973.
Commander of the Red Sea Military Region
During the War of Attrition, Israel was conducting lightning raids on the Red Sea region and daily kidnappings of civilians and the destruction of installations on the Red Sea coasts culminating in the incident of Zafarana on September 9, 1969.
Gamal Abdel Nasser saw that General Al-Shazly was the most suitable person who could stop Israel's incursions into the Red Sea region and secure the area and appointed him commander of the Red Sea Military Region in 1970. General Al-Shazly managed to stop the daily kidnappings that were taking place against civilians and employees who were taken as prisoners by the Israeli forces as well as stopping the Israeli attacks.
Shedwan Incident
On January 22, 1970, Israel attacked the Red Sea island of Shedwan, near the entrance to the Gulf of Suez, 35 kilometers from Hurghada and 325 kilometers from Suez which had a lighthouse to guide ships and a marine radar, secured by an Egyptian thunderbolt, and its military importance was purely because it was an uninhabited rocky island and its area didn't exceed 60 square kilometers.
The Israeli forces bombed the island by air and followed it with the landing of the soldiers by helicopter and the landing boats in an attempt to occupy it, and a small garrison of the Egyptian thunderbolt withstood a huge Israeli fire, and the Israelis announced on the evening of the first fighting night that their forces "found no resistance on the island", except they came back and confessed at three in the afternoon the next day that fighting was still going on on the island.
Maj. Gen. Al-Shazly ordered the attack of the island with the help of a number of fishermen from the governorate, which resulted in the transfer of soldiers and equipment in the dark to Shedwan Island to attack the Israeli forces.
Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces
On May 16, 1971, after President Anwar Sadat ousted the poles of the Nasser regime, in what he called the correction revolution, he appointed Al-Shazly as chief of staff of the Egyptian armed forces, as he was not affiliated with any of the wrestlers on the Egyptian political scene at the time, and for his competence, his military ability, and the rich background he gained from his studies between the United States of America and the Soviet Union in military sciences as well as his long military career.
Dispute with LT General Muhammad Sadiq
When Al-Shazly was appointed as Chief of Staff of the Egyptian armed forces, the Minister of War and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces at the time was Lieutenant General Muhammad Sadiq, with whom he entered into disagreements over the operational plan for the liberation of Sinai.
The LT Gen. Muhammad Sadiq was the first to see that the Egyptian Army should not undertake any offensive operation unless it has reached a stage that surpasses the enemy in the equipment and combat efficiency of its soldiers, only then can it carry out a massive offensive operation that destroys Israeli forces in the Sinai and advances to the straits and from there to Gaza.
Al-Shazly's response to his proposals was that he would like this, but this opinion is not in line with the actual capabilities of the armed forces for the weakness of the air force and the lack of a mobile air defense that protects the advanced forces.
Al-Shazly started to develop an offensive plan according to the capabilities of the armed forces, which required the recovery of 10 to 12 km in the depth of Sinai. He built his opinion that it is important to tailor the war strategy to your capabilities and according to the capabilities of the enemy. However, the LT General, Muhammad Ahmad Sadiq, opposed the plan on the pretext that it does not achieve any political or military goal. From the political point of view, it will achieve nothing and 60,000 square kilometers of Sinai will remain under Israeli control, but militarily it will create, for the Egyptian army a difficult position instead of the current one since it depends on the Suez Canal to act as a natural barrier, while the transportation lines through the bridges erected in the canal will be at the mercy of the Israeli air force.
After lengthy discussions between Al-Shazly and Muhammwd Sadiq, Al-Shazly reached a compromise, which is the preparation of two plans, the first aimed at occupying the Straits, which he called Operation 41 and the second aimed at seizing the Bar Lev Line and called it the Operation Badr, but Muhammad Ahmed Sadiq was not convinced and from his point of view, Egypt would not tolerate another defeat.
On October 26, 1972, Anwar Sadat dismissed Lieutenant General Muhammad Sadiq of the Ministry of War for his disagreement with his vision of liberating the land, his conviction to see Al-Shazly and appointed Field Marshal Ahmed Ismail Ali as Minister of War and Commander-in-Chief of the Armed Forces, who had been referred for retirement in the late days of President Gamal Abdel Nasser, who showed him Al-Shazly has old differences, but they committed themselves to working with each other to prepare for the October war.
Dispute with Ahmed Ismail Ali
Colonel Al-Shazly and Colonel Ahmed Ismail Ali coincided with the presence in the Congo in 1960, during which Ahmed Ismail attempted to impose his administrative and military domination on Al-Shazly by virtue of his higher military rank, despite their different tasks and two references. Al-Shazly rejected this logic, and both exchanged rough words until they almost reached the hands clash. After the leadership in Cairo learned about this, the committee called up and the conflict ended, but its effects remained in the depths of both of them. After the return of Al-Shazly from the Congo, there was no direct contact between them as Ahmed Ismail was in the infantry while Al-Shazly was in the parachute corps.
On March 10, 1969, Al-Shazly was surprised by the appointment of Ahmed Ismail as the Chief of Staff of the Armed Forces after the killing of Lieutenant-General Abdel Moniem Riad on March 9, 1969). Al-Shazly submitted his resignation to the office of the Minister of War, Muhammad Fawzi. Ahmed Ismail would have contacted him again through the new position, but President Gamal Abdel Nasser intervened and sent his son-in-law, Ashraf Marwan, to El-Shazly, where he persuaded him to return to work after he confirmed to him President Gamal Abdel Nasser’s promise not to contact Ahmed Ismail with him. Indeed, Ahmed Ismail did not set foot during the six months he spent as chief of staff at the Inshas base, in which Al-Shazly worked as commander of the Special Forces (Thunderbolts and Paratroopers) until Ahmed Ismail was referred to retirement by order of President Gamal Abdel Nasser on September 9, 1969, following the incident of the Israeli raid on Zafarana in the Gulf of Suez.
On October 26, 1972, President Anwar Sadat dismissed Lieutenant General Mohamed Ahmed Sadiq for their disagreement over the transit plan. He appointed Ahmed Ismail as the Minister of War and Commander in Chief of the Armed Forces who before that had been recalled from retirement and appointed by President Anwar Sadat as Director of General Intelligence on May 15, 1971. President Anwar Sadat came to Al-Shazly, and it was a bad surprise for him. He told the president the long history of their differences, which made cooperation between them almost impossible. But President Anwar Sadat assured him that the relationship between them would be good and much better than the previous relationship between him and LT General, Muhammad Sadiq. Al-Shazly then considered resignation, but two factors prevented him, the first of which was that his resignation would be interpreted as solidarity with Muhammad Sadiq after the president's sacking, and the second being that some may explain his resignation as that he does not want to enter the war when the truth was the opposite.
Dispute with President Sadat
In 1978, President Anwar Sadat issued his memoirs "In Search of Identity", in which he accused Lieutenant General Shazly of inaction and held him responsible for causing the breach. He described him as having returned collapsed from the front on the 19th of October and recommended the withdrawal of all forces in the east. This is what prompted Al-Shazly to respond to Sadat by publishing his own memoirs of the War.
In his memoirs, Lieutenant General Shazly accused President Anwar Sadat of making wrong decisions despite all the advice from the generals around him, and his continuous interference in military plans during the course of operations on the front, which led to causing the breach and misleading the people by concealing the truth of the breach, The destruction of the missile wall, and besieging the Third Army for a period exceeding three months.
In those memoirs, he also accused Sadat of giving up the victory and agreeing to withdraw most of the Egyptian forces to the west of the canal in the first disengagement negotiations. He ended his book with a report to the Attorney General accusing President Sadat of abusing his powers. This book led to his trial in absentia during the era of Hosni Mubarak. In 1983, he was charged with divulging military secrets. He was sentenced to three years in prison with hard labor, and his property was placed under supervision. He was also deprived of legal representation and stripped of his political rights. Shazly denied those allegation stating that what he published was government information, not military.
He disagreed with Sadat, and publicly criticized the Camp David Accords that Sadat signed with Israel in 1978; The dispute intensified to the point of removing Al-Shazly’s name and photos from the official list of the October War. Sadat also ordered the removal of all photos showing Al-Shazly next to him inside the operations room, and replacing them with photos showing Major General Muhammad Abdel-Ghani Al-Gamsi, head of the Armed Forces Operations Authority in At that time. Shazly's reputation was also distorted and attacked, and his memoirs were banned in Egypt, as they were the reason for his imprisonment for two years after he spent 14 years as a political refugee in Algeria.
High Minarets Plan "Operation Badr"
This was the plan developed by Al-Shazly to attack the Israeli forces and storm the Suez Canal in August 1971, which he called the "High Minarets" plan:
This plan was drawn up due to the weakness of the Egyptian Air Force and the weak capabilities in the Egyptian Air Defense Command, which prevented a major offensive operation. However, a limited operation could be carried out to cross the Suez Canal, destroy the Barlev Line and occupy 10 to 12 kilometers east of the canal, which was the maximum range of Egyptian air defense, and then switch to take defensive positions.
The philosophy of this plan was that Israel had two weaknesses:
The first was the inability to withstand human losses due to the small number of its members.
The second was to prolong the duration of the war. In all previous wars, it depended on lightning wars that ended within four or six weeks at the most. Because during this period it mobilized 18% of the Israeli people and this was a very high percentage. Moreover, the economic situation would be severely affected in Israel due to the interruption of education, agriculture and industry. Because most of those who worked in these institutions were ultimately officers and soldiers in the Israeli armed forces.
The plan had two other dimensions in terms of depriving Israel of its most important combat advantages:
The first: denying him the attack from the sides because the sides of the Egyptian army will be based on the Mediterranean Sea in the north, and on the Gulf of Suez in the south, and will not be able to attack from the rear, which will be the Suez Canal hence he will have to attack in front of it, and pay the heavy price.
The second: The enemy has an important advantage in the confrontational battles, which is the rapid air support of its armored elements, whereby the Western combat doctrine under which Israel operates at the lowest levels of the commanders allows the use of air support, which will lose it because the Egyptian forces will be in the protection of the Egyptian air defense, and from here, the process of neutralizing Israeli aviation takes place during the battle.
Announcement 41
Lieutenant General Saad El-Shazly, Chief of Staff of the Egyptian Armed Forces (41) issued a directive clarifying the manner in which soldiers perform their combat duties during the October 1973 war. Guidance 41 is what was implemented in October war operations, and the plan succeeded with overwhelming success. This directive started by placing all problems and difficulties of Egyptian plan to cross the canal and destroy the Bar Lev Line in front of the working group which had to set solutions to each problem. It was the most complex problem that the group had met with and it was the earthen embankment on the east bank of the canal, which gave the Israeli side the advantage of controlling the fire, and the remark against the forces crossing, and this led to the suggestion of the need to build high strong points equipped with terraces of tanks on the West Bank of the Suez Canal, allowing the Egyptian side to secure its forces that cross the channel with fire and information. LT Gen. Al-Shazly had to collect the combat experience from the Egyptian forces' actions and lessons learned immediately after the event, and it will be distributed to members of the armed forces to benefit from them in any future similar operations, for example, guidance for securing radars in isolated areas after they raid Israeli on one of the isolated radars in Zafarana,
and began to issue that directive when the Al-Shazly team was reviewing the offensive operation plan to storm the Suez Canal and destroy the Bar Lev Line, and it was found that there are many problems that hinder and affect the planning of the offensive operation. He ordered his formation of a special committee to prepare this directive as a method for the war plan. After completing this directive, it became the detailed plan for crossing the Suez Canal and storming the Barlev line of the armed forces entirely.
In mid-1973, a few months before the war, Al-Shazly team visited the College of Leaders and Staff and began discussion with students from eight in the morning until seven in the evening. The discussion was completed in two days. This guidance included a detailed plan for the transit of forces; Starting with the number of soldiers in each boat and the arming of each soldier and the size of the ammunition he carries either for himself or for the supporting forces, and the matter reached the timing of the entry of transit equipment to the canal area from rubber boats to bridges equipment and method of protection and locations of smoke generators and air defense etc. The guidance focused on every subtle detail and left leaders with only careful execution.
Yom Kippur War (1973)
The Israeli army previously made a defensive line called Bar Lev Line that was strengthened with several fortresses at the eastern bank of the Suez canal that is separating the Israeli army from the Egyptian one. It also built a sand barrier 17 meters high at the canal shores to refrain any attempt to cross the canal by the Egyptian army.
At 2 pm 6 October 1973, under General Shazly's command, 200 Egyptian aircraft skimmed low over the canal, headed deep into Sinai and struck the Israeli key forces, while 2000 artillery pieces opened heavy bombardment on the Bar-Lev forts and minefields, under which cover engineer reconnaissance teams paddled over to check the outlets for the Israeli inflammable liquid that had been blocked from the night before. The first assault wave of 4000 men crossed the Suez Canal and opened 70 passages through the sand barrier using high pressure water pumps. Waves of infantry followed crossing the Canal and captured most of the strong points and forts of the Ber lev line. On the next day, 7 October, 5 bridges were assembled over the canal, and the armored divisions began to cross the canal into Sinai. On 8 October, the Israeli counter-attack failed to push the Egyptians back, Israel tried again on 9 October but also suffered heavy losses. Israel lost more than 260 tanks in two days.
After that initial victory, Shazly clashed with president Sadat over Sadat's decision to launch a new offensive to advance towards Sinai Passages. General Shazly strongly opposed any eastward advance that would leave Egyptian forces exposed to IAF without adequate air cover. Sadat insisted and ordered the generals to execute the order which aimed at helping the Syrians. On October 14, the offensive was launched but failed with heavy Egyptian losses. This may have contributed to the success of a daring Israeli operation which pushed its way west in between Egypt's second and third armies and crossed from Sinai into mainland Egypt through the Bitter Lakes. Once again president Sadat refused General Shazly's plan to move some of the Egyptian's armored brigades to fight the Israeli troops.
Legacy
After leaving the army, Shazly wrote his account of the 1973 war.
After the 25 of January revolution in 2011 and removal of Mubarak from the Egyptian government, Shazly was honored by putting his name on the Egyptian Military Academy graduates of the year 2013.
He was awarded the Order of the Nile, Egypt's highest award, in October 2012 by President Mohammed Morsi for his conduct during the 1973 war with Israel.
He was also honored by naming a new highway connecting the Cairo ring road to Ismailia desert road that is being built by the armed forces engineers. Aljazeera documentary channel produced a film about his life in 2012–2013.
Notes
Bibliography
Shazly, Saad. The Arab Military Option, American Mideast Research (1986).
Shazly, Saad. The Crossing of the Suez, American Mideast Research (1980: .), (2003: Revised ed., ).
Shazly, Saad. October War (Arabic ed.), American Mideast Research (2004).
Shazly, Saad. Our Religious Creed Is Our Way to Victory [Aqidatuna ad-Deeniya Tariquna li'l-Nasr], Cairo: Ministry of Defense (1972).
External links
http://www.El Shazly.com/
1922 births
2011 deaths
People from Gharbia Governorate
Egyptian generals
Egyptian people of the Yom Kippur War
20th-century Egyptian military personnel
Ambassadors of Egypt to the United Kingdom
Ambassadors of Egypt to Portugal
Egyptian Military Academy alumni
Recipients of the Order of the Sinai Star
Chiefs of the General Staff (Egypt) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saad%20el-Shazly |
WonderCon is an annual comic book, science fiction, and film convention held in the San Francisco Bay Area (1987–2011), then—under the name WonderCon Anaheim—in Anaheim, California (2012–2015, 2017–present), and WonderCon Los Angeles in 2016. The convention returned to the Anaheim Convention Center in 2017 after a one-year stint in Los Angeles due to construction at the Anaheim Convention Center.
The convention was conceived by retailer John Barrett (a founder of the retail chain Comics and Comix) and originally held in the Oakland Convention Center. In 2003, it moved to San Francisco's Moscone Center. The show's original name was the Wonderful World of Comics Convention.
History
Retailer Joe Field (of Flying Colors Comics and Other Cool Stuff) and his partner Mike Friedrich owned and operated the convention for fifteen years. In 2001, they brokered a deal with the management team that runs the San Diego Comic-Con International to make it part of the Comic-Con International convention family. This gave the San Francisco show a wider audience and has made it a venue for previews and early screenings of major motion pictures, in particular ones based on comic books. These have included Spider-Man 2 in 2004, Batman Begins and Fantastic Four in 2005, Superman Returns in 2006, 300 in 2007, Watchmen in 2009, and Kick-Ass in 2010. All of these events featured the stars of the films fielding questions from the audience.
WonderCon had 34,000 attendees in 2009, 39,000 in 2010, and 49,500 in 2011.
The show left the Bay Area after the 2011 con, because San Francisco's Moscone Center was being remodeled. The convention moved to Anaheim in 2012, and was rebranded WonderCon Anaheim. When the move to Anaheim was first announced, Comic-Con International said they would be returning to San Francisco after the Moscone Center renovations were complete; however, the convention ultimately stayed in Southern California. In 2016, a new convention started in the Bay Area, called the Silicon Valley Comic Con.
WonderCon relocated from Anaheim to Los Angeles in 2016, and is now called WonderCon Los Angeles and was held March 25–27, 2016 at the Los Angeles Convention Center. The 2017 edition of the convention returned to Anaheim and was held March 31 – April 2, 2017.
The WonderCon logo was designed by Richard Bruning and Tim Zach.
The 2020 edition of the show, scheduled for April 10–12, was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic. The 2021 edition of the show, scheduled for March 26–27, was cancelled again due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Event history
Features and events
While the main attraction of WonderCon has always been various retailers selling back issues of comic books and action figures, the exhibitor list has grown to include retailers of specialty DVDs. There is also an "Artists Alley" featuring mainly comic book artists selling artwork, signing books, and doing sketches; and mainstream celebrities signing autographed pictures.
WonderCon hosted the Harvey Award ceremonies from 1997 to 1999. Since 2007, academicians and comic industry professionals have held the Comics Arts Conference in conjunction with WonderCon.
In addition, WonderCon features an event called "Trailer Park", where trailers for upcoming films are shown.
The WonderCon masquerade competition usually takes place on Saturday after the convention closes. Awards are given to those with the most creative performances, though anyone can participate.
References
External links
WonderCon feature on Sidewalks Entertainment
WonderCon founder's website
Multigenre conventions
Comics conventions in the United States
Conventions in California
Recurring events established in 1987
Tourist attractions in California
1987 establishments in California | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WonderCon |
Sounds to Consume is Sonic Boom Six's second release for Moon Ska Europe and comprises four new tracks alongside the four tracks from their original release, The Turbo EP. It has since been reissued twice, firstly as the 'Champion Edition' which comprised the original 8 tracks and 8 bonus tracks, and the subsequent reissue of the Champion Edition which was remastered as well as featuring a further 2 bonus tracks. Both Champion Editions are housed in digipack packaging and contain a different booklet to the original release.
The original edition, as well as the first pressing of the Champion Edition, were limited to 1,000 copies each.
Track listing
All versions contain enhanced CD-ROM videos.
The first track, "The Rape of Punk to Come", is a title parody of Refused's album The Shape of Punk to Come.
External links
page on Moon Ska Europe website
Sonic Boom Six albums
2004 albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sounds%20to%20Consume |
Jüchen is a municipality in the Rhein-Kreis Neuss, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is situated approximately 17 km southwest of Neuss and 10 km southeast of Mönchengladbach.
Mayor
Harald Zillikens (born 1959) (CDU) was elected mayor in 2009 and reelected in 2015 and 2020. He was the successor of Margarete Kranz (CDU).
Twin towns – sister cities
Jüchen is twinned with:
Leers, France
Notable people
Fritz von Ameln (1901–1970), management consultant, member of the Düsseldorf Landtag (1954–1966)
Peter Bamm, actually Curt Emmrich, (1897–1975), writer
Heinrich Siegmund Blanckertz (1823–Berlin), founder of the German steel spring industry
Willibert Kremer (born 1939), football player and manager
Annette Schavan (born 1955), politician (CDU), 2005-2013 Federal Minister for Education and Research
Willy Wimmer (born 1943), politician (CDU)
Dietrich Zillessen (born 1937), Professor of Religious Education at the University of Cologne
References
Rhein-Kreis Neuss | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J%C3%BCchen |
Valentin Feurstein (1 January 1885 – 8 June 1970) was an Austrian military officer who served in the Austrian and German armies.
Feurstein joined the Austro-Hungarian Army in 1907, he served in World War I and in the Austrian Bundesheer in the 1930s. He was commander of 3rd Division (stationed in St. Pölten). After the Anschluss and the incorporation of the Bundesheer into it, Feurstein served as a general in the Wehrmacht.
He commanded the 2nd Mountain Division during Fall Weiss and during the Norwegian Campaign. In 1941, he was promoted to full general of mountain troops (Gen.d.Geb.Tr.). He also served on the Italian front in 1943.
Feurstein was city commander of Bregenz in 1945 and tried to declare Bregenz a non-combat zone.
Valentin Feurstein died on 8 June 1970.
Awards and decorations
Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross (12 August 1944)
References
External links
1885 births
1970 deaths
People from Bregenz
Austrian generals
Generals of Mountain Troops
Austro-Hungarian military personnel of World War I
Recipients of the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross
Austrian military personnel of World War II
Austro-Hungarian Army officers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valentin%20Feurstein |
Willowbrook Mall may refer to:
Willowbrook Mall (Houston), a shopping mall in Houston, Texas, United States
Willowbrook Mall (New Jersey), a shopping mall in Wayne, New Jersey, United States
Willowbrook Shopping Centre, a shopping mall in Langley Township, British Columbia, Canada (colloquially referred to as Willowbrook Mall) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Willowbrook%20Mall |
Earl of Dorchester, in the County of Dorset, was a title in the Peerage of Great Britain. It was created in 1792 for Joseph Damer, 1st Baron Milton. He was a politician but is best remembered for the reshaping of Milton Abbey and the creation of the village of Milton Abbas in Dorset. Damer had already been created Baron Milton, of Shronehill in the County of Tipperary, in the Peerage of Ireland, in 1753 and Baron Milton, of Milton Abbey in the County of Dorset, in the Peerage of Great Britain, in 1762. In 1792 he was made Viscount Milton, of Milton Abbey in the County of Dorset, at the same time he was given the earldom. He was succeeded by his elder son. The second earl was a politician and notably served as Chief Secretary for Ireland between 1794 and 1795. He was unmarried and the titles became extinct on his death in 1808.
The title Countess of Dorchester had previously been created in the Peerage of England in 1686, together with the title Baroness Darlington, as life peerages, for Catherine Sedley, a mistress of King James II. Both titles became extinct on her death in 1717, but her heirs were Earls of Portmore in the Peerage of Scotland.
Countess of Dorchester (1686)
Catherine Sedley, Countess of Dorchester (1657–1717)
Earls of Dorchester (1792)
Joseph Damer, 1st Earl of Dorchester (1718–1798)
George Damer, 2nd Earl of Dorchester (1746–1808)
See also
Marquess of Dorchester
Baron Dorchester
References
Extinct earldoms in the Peerage of Great Britain
Noble titles created in 1686
Noble titles created in 1792
Dawson-Damer family | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl%20of%20Dorchester |
Swing Street is the twelfth studio album by composer and singer Barry Manilow, released in 1987. Three of the tracks on the album featured Manilow in a duet with another singer. The tracks were recorded at various locations. This album marks Manilow's return to the Arista Records label from RCA Records, where he had two releases from 1985 to 1986 including Manilow and the Soundtrack "Copacabana". The title of the album refers to 52nd Street in Manhattan, between 5th and 6th Avenues, which was the jazz mecca during the late 1930s and early 1940s.
Track listing
Side 1 - 8:00pm
"Swing Street" (Eddie Arkin, Barry Manilow, Roy Freeland) - 3:33
"Big Fun" (with Full Swing) (Arkin, Lorraine Feather) - 3:54
"Stompin' at the Savoy" (Benny Goodman, Chick Webb, Edgar Sampson, Andy Razaf, Manilow) - 2:40
"Black and Blue" (with Phyllis Hyman & Tom Scott) (Manilow, Tom Kelly, Adrienne Anderson) - 4:01
"Hey Mambo" (with Kid Creole and the Coconuts) (Manilow, Kelly, Bruce Sussman, Jack Feldman) - 2:52
Side 2 - Midnight
"Summertime" (with Diane Schuur & Stan Getz) (George Gershwin, DuBose Heyward) - 4:14
"Brooklyn Blues" (with Tom Scott) (Manilow, Sussman, Feldman) - 5:07
"Stardust" (with Uncle Festive) (Hoagy Carmichael, Mitchell Parish) - 5:19
"Once When You Were Mine" (Manilow, Anderson) - 2:49
"One More Time" (with Gerry Mulligan) (Manilow, Kelly, Sussman, Feldman) - 4:10
References
Barry Manilow albums
1987 albums
Arista Records albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swing%20Street |
Katherine Jane "Kate" Chase Sprague (August 13, 1840 – July 31, 1899) was a Washington society hostess during the American Civil War. During the war, she married Rhode Island Governor William Sprague.
She was the daughter of Ohio politician Salmon P. Chase, who served as Treasury Secretary during President Abraham Lincoln's first administration and later Chief Justice of the United States. She was a strong supporter of her widowed father's presidential ambitions that, had he been successful, would have made her acting First Lady.
Early life
Kate was born in Cincinnati, Ohio, the daughter of Salmon Chase and his second wife Eliza Ann Smith. Eliza Chase died shortly after Kate's fifth birthday; Chase later married Sara Bella Ludlow with whom Kate had a difficult relationship.
Kate Chase was educated at the Haines School in New York City, where she learned languages, elocution and the social graces along with music and history. After nine years of schooling, she returned to Columbus, Ohio, to serve as official hostess for her father, the newly elected Governor of Ohio, and by now widowed a third time. Beautiful and intelligent, Kate impressed such friends of her father as Charles Sumner, a Massachusetts senator and fellow anti-slavery champion; future President James Garfield; and Carl Schurz, a German-born American politician, who described her as follows:
She was about eighteen years old, tall and slender and exceedingly well formed. . . . Her little nose, somewhat audaciously tipped up, could perhaps not have passed muster with a severe critic, but it fitted pleasingly into her face with its large, languid, but at the same time vivacious hazel eyes, shaded by long dark lashes and arched over by proud eyebrows. The fine forehead was framed in waving, gold-brown hair. She had something imperial in the pose of the head, and all her movements possessed an exquisite natural charm. No wonder that she came to be admired as a great beauty and broke many hearts. After the usual commonplaces, the conversation at the breakfast table, in which Miss Kate took a lively and remarkably intelligent part, soon turned itself upon politics.
Life in Washington
In 1861, Salmon P. Chase became Secretary of the Treasury in Lincoln's administration. He set up residence at 6th and E Streets Northwest in Washington, with Kate Chase as his hostess. Her soirees were eagerly attended in the nation's capital; she became, effectively, the "Belle of the North." She visited battle camps in the Washington area and befriended Union generals, offering her own views on the proper prosecution of the war, often contrary to the wishes of the administration.
Marriage and divorce
She married Rhode Island Governor William Sprague, a textile magnate, on November 12, 1863 (the social event of the season) at Chase's home in Washington. Sprague's wedding gift to her was a tiara of matched pearls and diamonds that cost more than $50,000. As the bride entered the room, the U.S. Marine Band played "The Kate Chase March" that composer Thomas Mark Clark had written for the occasion. President Lincoln attended the reception, but his wife, who strongly disliked both of the Chases, did not.
They had four children: William (b. 1865), Ethel (b. 1869), Catherine (b. 1872) and Portia (b. 1873). Sprague had problems with alcohol, had affairs with other women, and lost huge sums of money in poorly conceived business ventures. Some evidence suggests that he engaged in illegal cotton trading during the war.
Sprague was elected a U.S. Senator in 1863. During the 1868 impeachment trial of President Andrew Johnson, presided over by Chief Justice Salmon Chase, Sprague kept his intentions to himself, but ended up voting with most Republican senators for conviction. This may have furthered his rift with Kate, whose father's chances for the 1868 Republican Presidential nomination would have been damaged had Johnson been removed from office. Next in line to the Presidency, under the law at the time, was radical Republican President pro tempore of the U.S. Senate Benjamin Wade, who could have then run as an incumbent. Johnson was acquitted by a single vote.
The marriage ended in divorce in 1882. Before the divorce, Kate was accused of having an affair with the flamboyant and powerful New York Senator Roscoe Conkling. According to a well-known story, buttressed by contemporaneous press reports, Sprague confronted the philandering couple at Sprague's Rhode Island summer home and pursued Conkling with a shotgun and threatened to throw Kate out of a second story window. The shotgun incident with Conkling happened in 1879, but Kate was suspected of infidelities at least 10 years earlier. According to Salmon Chase biographer John Niven, "Whether [Kate's second] child...was Sprague's or had been conceived by another is a matter of speculation."
Willie Sprague continued to live with his father, while the daughters went with Kate Chase, who took back her maiden name after the divorce. Willie died at age 25 in a Seattle boarding house. He had already been through one marriage and divorce. His wife gave birth to a child of questionable lineage only six months after they were married.
Political action
Kate worked behind the scenes to foster her father's calculated efforts to wrest the 1864 Republican Party nomination for President from Lincoln, but the plot blew up in Chase's face when it became public, requiring Chase to settle back into his Treasury Secretary position. One of Chase's many perfunctory offers of resignation from the Cabinet was accepted by Lincoln (much to Chase's surprise and consternation) in 1864, but the President appointed Chase Chief Justice upon the death of Roger Taney that year. The evidence conflicts as to whether Kate welcomed this prestigious appointment or rued it as an attempt to put her father "on the shelf" so as to preempt any hope of his attaining his most-cherished ambition for the highest office in the land.
Despite his position on the Supreme Court, Chase let it be known in 1868 that he was available as a candidate for the Presidency. He switched parties from the Republicans (of whom he had been an important early member) to the Democrats, hoping they would nominate him. In the summer of 1868, Kate ran her father's campaign for the Democratic nomination from their hotel on Fifth Avenue in New York City, where the convention was being held in famed Tammany Hall. Although tradition prevented her appearance, as a woman, on the convention floor, she did much of the back-room maneuvering with the goal of winning the nomination after the first ballot. At times the prize seemed within their grasp, but the convention ended up nominating Horatio Seymour, the Democratic Governor of New York, whom Kate and other Chase operatives had been counting on to place her father's name in nomination. Kate placed the blame for the defeat on a conspiracy of New York politicians including Samuel Tilden. Kate wrote her father after the convention, "You have been most cruelly deceived and shamefully used by the man [Tilden] whom you trusted implicitly and the country must suffer for his duplicity." Kate would reputedly have her revenge on Tilden eight years later when her paramour Conkling, the most powerful member of the Senate, maneuvered to throw the disputed 1876 election to the Republican Rutherford B. Hayes over the Democrat Tilden, who had won the popular vote.
Chase would make one final bid for the presidency in 1872, with Kate's full support, but by then he was physically weakened and a political has-been; he ran as a Liberal Republican, challenging the incumbent Ulysses S. Grant. The effort went nowhere and Chase died a year later, with Kate (and Sprague, her husband in name only) at his bedside.
Later years
In 1873, following her father's death, Kate moved onto the "Edgewood" estate, which later became the neighborhood of Edgewood, Washington, D.C.; her father had purchased the bulk of the estate in 1863 and constructed a mansion on it. She lived a very quiet life with her three daughters (according to the 1880 federal census), Ethel, Kitty, and Portia Sprague. After her son Willie committed suicide in 1890, at the age of 25, Kate became a recluse. She eventually lost her fortune and, to get by, resorted to raising chickens, growing vegetables and selling them door to door. She died in poverty in 1899, at age 58, of Bright's disease and was buried at Spring Grove Cemetery in Cincinnati, Ohio.
On her death, The New York Times wrote that "the homage of the most eminent men in the country was hers." The Washington Post called her "the most brilliant woman of her day. None outshone her." The Cincinnati Enquirer, the paper of her birthplace, said about her funeral:
Hardly more than two or three—and they the nearest relatives on earth—were gathered together yesterday morning around the new-made grave in Spring Grove Cemetery, where, with the simple ceremony of commitment—"Dust to dust, ashes to ashes"—the mortal remains of the daughter of Salmon P. Chase were laid to rest forever beside the dust of her illustrious father.
And yet, The Enquirer recognized her legacy: "No Queen has ever reigned under the Stars and Stripes, but this remarkable woman came closer to being Queen than any American woman has."
Fictional portrayals
Kate Chase's presence in Washington, D.C. would be fictionally recreated in the 1990s TV series The Secret Diary of Desmond Pfeiffer. She is prominent in both Gore Vidal's historical novel Lincoln and William Safire's Freedom and is portrayed by Deborah Adair in the 1988 made-for-TV movie of Vidal's book. Chase has also been featured in other Civil War-related novels, such as Stephen L. Carter's The Impeachment of Abraham Lincoln. She was the principal character in the 1967 two-act play "Kate Chase" by Jack LaZebnik.
References
Further reading
The Belle of Washington, by Eleanor Harper Shumaker
Kate Chase and William Sprague: Politics and Gender in a Civil War Marriage, by Peg A. Lamphier
Kate Chase for the Defense, by Alice Sokoloff
Kate Chase, Dominant Daughter: The Life Story of a Brilliant Woman and her Famous Father, by Mary Merwin Phelps
Proud Kate, Portrait of an Ambitious Woman, by Ishabel Ross
So Fell the Angels, The Story of Chase, Lincoln's ambitious Chief Justice, his bold designing daughter, and the husband who could finance her plans, by Thomas Graham Belden and Marva Robins Belden
Lee's Lost Dispatch and Other Civil War Controversies, by Philip Leigh (Yardley, Penna.: Westholme Publishing, 2015), 214
Lincoln, by Gore Vidal - The author uses Kate Chase as a major character in his novel
Freedom by William Safire - Kate Chase appears in several chapters of this novel
Two Moons, a novel by Thomas Mallon, includes a fictional account of the Kate Chase/Roscoe Conkling extramarital affair
Team of Rivals: The Political Genius of Abraham Lincoln by Doris Kearns Goodwin, who provides comprehensive biographical information about Kate Chase
Mrs. Lincoln's Rival by Jennifer Chiaverini
American Queen: The Rise and Fall of Kate Chase Sprague: Civil War "Belle of the North" and Gilded Age Woman of Scandal, by John Oller
External links
Kate Chase, Washington Hostess During The Civil War
1840 births
1899 deaths
American socialites
First ladies and gentlemen of Rhode Island
Women in the American Civil War
People of Washington, D.C., in the American Civil War
People from Cincinnati
Deaths from kidney disease
Burials at Spring Grove Cemetery | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate%20Chase |
Diotrephes was a man mentioned in the Third Epistle of John (verses 9–11). His name means "nourished by Jupiter". As Raymond E. Brown comments, "Diotrephes is not a particularly common name."
In addition to being ambitious, proud, disrespectful of apostolic authority, rebellious, and inhospitable, the author of the letter says that Diotrephes tried to hinder those desiring to show hospitality to the brothers and to expel these from the congregation. Not even the location of Diotrephes' church can be determined from the letter. It is debatable whether the antipathy expressed in 3 John is based on "a theological dispute, a clash of competing ecclesiastical authorities, a disagreement about financial responsibilities for the mission, or personal dislike".
Adolf von Harnack was of the view that Diotrephes was the earliest monarchical bishop whose name has survived.
Biblical passage
The following is the passage and notes from the New English Translation.
1:9 I wrote something to the church, but Diotrephes, who loves to be first among them, does not acknowledge us. 1:10 Therefore, if I come, I will call attention to the deeds he is doing – the bringing of unjustified charges against us with evil words! And not being content with that, he not only refuses to welcome the brothers himself, but hinders the people who want to do so and throws them out of the church! 1:11 Dear friend, do not imitate what is bad but what is good. The one who does good is of God; the one who does what is bad has not seen God.
Subsequent References
In 1588, the Elizabethan Puritan John Udall wrote a dialogue with a haughty bishop named Diotrephes. Writing anonymously, Udall claimed that his godly and witty protagonist, Paul, was merely cautioning the English bishops to be wary of false counselors, particularly the Catholics from whom they had inherited the structure of English ecclesiology. Although the dialogue's actual title is The state of the Church of Englande, laide open in a conference betweene Diotrephes a byshop, Tertullus a papist, Demetrius an vsurer, Pandocheus an inne-keeper, and Paule a preacher of the worde of God, it is commonly referred to by scholars as Diotrephes.
Notes
People in the catholic epistles | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diotrephes |
Mathieu Razanakolona (born 2 August 1986) is a Malagasy-Canadian alpine skier, born to a Quebecois mother and a father from Madagascar, currently residing in Canada.
He competes in both slalom and giant slalom races. In January 2006 he made his debut in the Alpine skiing World Cup in Schladming, Austria, but he was disqualified from this competition.
He was Madagascar's only representative at the 2006 Winter Olympics, and their first ever Winter Olympics representative. The FIS gave him a wildcard entry into the 2006 Winter Olympics.
References
External links
rAzAlpin.org
Full canadien and malagasy press review
1986 births
Living people
Malagasy male alpine skiers
Canadian male alpine skiers
Skiers from Montreal
Alpine skiers at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Olympic alpine skiers for Madagascar
Malagasy people of Canadian descent
Canadian people of Malagasy descent | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mathieu%20Razanakolona |
Kahat or Kaht may refer to
Kaht, a village in Iran
Darb-e Kahat, a village in Iran
Kahat, an ancient city at the Tell Barri archaeological site in Syria
Roi Kahat (born 1992), Israeli football midfielder | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kahat |
Eve Myles (born 26 July 1978) is a Welsh actress. She is best known for her television roles portraying Ceri Lewis in the long-running BBC Wales drama series Belonging (2000–2009), Gwen Cooper in the BBC science-fiction series Torchwood (2006–2011), and Faith Howells in the bilingually produced BBC / S4C drama series Keeping Faith / Un Bore Mercher (2017–2020). She is also an accomplished theatre actress.
Myles graduated from the Royal Welsh College of Music & Drama in 2000. Later that year, she began playing Ceri Lewis in the BBC Wales-produced drama series Belonging, a role she was to continue with until the end of the series in 2009. Her early UK-wide television credits included the 2001 miniseries Tales from Pleasure Beach and the 2003 television drama Colditz.
In 2005, she auditioned for a part in the revived series of Doctor Who, and landed the role of servant girl Gwyneth, in the series 1 episode "The Unquiet Dead", alongside Billie Piper and Christopher Eccleston. Her appearance in Doctor Who led to her winning a lead role in the science-fiction drama's spin-off series Torchwood, in which she portrayed the character Gwen Cooper for four series between 2006 and 2011. Her role in Torchwood earned her a Bafta Cymru award for Best Actress in 2007.
Myles's subsequent television credits include the 2008 miniseries Little Dorrit, the 2008 premiere episode of the fantasy drama Merlin and the title role in the 2013 drama series Frankie.
In 2013, for the TV channel GOLD, she appeared alongside Anthony Head in the comedy-drama You, Me & Them, in a role she reprised in 2015 for the second series. In 2014, she was cast in the second series of the crime drama series Broadchurch, portraying Claire Ripley. In 2011, she voiced one of the main characters in the video game Dragon Age II. In 2016, she once again played a Victorian servant, this time Mrs. Jenkins in the ITV period drama series Victoria; she did not reprise the role for series 2.
Myles is a theatre actress, winning an Ian Charleson Award in 2004 for her performances in Royal Shakespeare Company productions of the plays Titus Andronicus and The Taming of the Shrew. Further theatre credits include both Henry IV, Part 1 and Henry IV, Part 2 at the National Theatre in 2004, and the role of Emma in the first UK run of Zach Braff's play All New People in 2012.
Early life
Myles was born on 26 July 1978 in Ystradgynlais. Her father is Scottish. She attended Ysgol Maes Y Dderwen, where she learned only basic Welsh phrases. She grew up with a strong interest in boxing, although she gave up the sport after breaking her knuckle by punching a wet sandbag. In 2000, Myles gained a Bachelor of Arts in acting at the Royal Welsh College of Music & Drama in Cardiff. Then she moved to London.
Career
In 2000 Myles took on the central role of Ceri Owen (née Lewis) in the BBC Wales drama Belonging. Her longest role to date, Myles played Ceri from the series' first episode through to its final series in 2008, returning for a one-off special in 2009. In 2001, Myles undertook a role in the television film Score and the TV miniseries Tales from Pleasure Beach. From 2003, Myles based herself in Stratford-upon-Avon, playing Lavinia in the Royal Shakespeare Company production of Titus Andronicus and Bianca in The Taming of The Shrew, for both of which she received the Sunday Times Ian Charleson award in 2004. In 2005, appeared opposite Michael Gambon in Henry IV, Part I and II at the National Theatre. She took the part of Gwenfar in the BBC Radio Four series of plays "Arthur" by Sebastian Baczkiewicz and Steve May in November 2004. Myles appeared in the ITV drama Colditz in 2005.
She took a supporting role in the Doctor Who episode "The Unquiet Dead", playing servant girl Gwyneth. This brought her to the attention of lead writer Russell T Davies, who went on to create and produce Torchwood. Considering her to be "one of Wales' best-kept secrets", Davies wrote the role of Gwen Cooper in Torchwood specifically for Myles. Speaking on her casting, Myles stated that having the part written for her was like having her "own personal Oscar." Gwen, an audience surrogate character, is characterised by Myles as Torchwood's "social worker", who "can run and fight and stand in her own corner and win." Her role in Torchwood also led to Myles making a second appearance in Doctor Who, for its Fourth series' finale, alongside Torchwood co-stars John Barrowman and Gareth David-Lloyd. Myles appeared in every episode of Torchwood.
Myles also appeared in the first episode of Merlin, "The Dragon's Call", where she played Lady Helen of Mora and Mary Collins, a witch who impersonated her. Her performance in this role was described positively by Anthony Head, who said that "she did it dead straight and very scarily. There was one moment she was delivering a speech to me in full prosthetic make-up... The French background artists didn't speak English but burst into applause at the end because they were moved by the emotion of it."
She portrayed the character of Maggy Plornish in Andrew Davies' 2008 adaptation of Little Dorrit, which later went on to win seven Emmy awards. Early 2008 also saw the actress host a radio show centred around Welsh boxer Joe Calzaghe and narrate a short story, Sorry for the Loss by Bridget Keehan, both airing on BBC Radio Wales.
2009 saw her star in the independent Welsh film A Bit of Tom Jones, as well as the one-off drama Framed for BBC Wales, alongside Trevor Eve. In July 2010, Myles announced she would appear in an original BBC Cymru Wales TV series, Baker Boys, co-written by Helen Raynor and Gary Owen and airing in early 2011. 2011 also saw Myles provide the voice of the Dalish elf Merrill in the Bioware video game Dragon Age II. In July 2011, to coincide with Torchwoods fourth series Myles presented part of a BBC Wales Documentary entitled Wales and Hollywood, which featured the actress travelling to the Hollywood Walk of Fame to find the Welsh talent honoured there.
In 2012 Myles returned to the stage in Zach Braff's play All New People, which ran for ten consecutive weeks at the West End's Duke of York's Theatre following runs at the Manchester Opera House (8–11 February 2012) and the King's Theatre in Glasgow (14–18 February). In 2013 she took the title role in the BBC1 drama Frankie, filmed in Bristol, which follows the life of a district nurse who cares more about her patients than her own life.
In August 2016, Myles alongside Jenna Coleman, Tom Hughes and Rufus Sewell in the ITV drama Victoria, which follows the early life of Queen Victoria from her ascension to the throne at the age of 18, through to her courtship and marriage to Prince Albert. She portrayed Mrs Jenkins, the Queen's personal dresser.
In 2017, Myles starred alongside her real life husband Bradley Freegard in the Welsh drama Un Bore Mercher for S4C. She learnt to speak Welsh for the role. Un Bore Mercher was also filmed in English and aired the following year on BBC One as Keeping Faith. Myles played Faith Howells, a solicitor whose husband Evan, with whom she works at their family-run law firm, disappears whilst she is on maternity leave following the birth of their third child. The show was a runaway success for the BBC and the second series was broadcast 2019 on S4C in May–June and on BBC One in July–August.
In 2018, Myles played the role of Norman Scott's lover Gwen Parry-Jones in the BBC drama A Very English Scandal. The drama relates the real-life story of politician Jeremy Thorpe's affair with Scott and subsequent trial for attempted murder, based on the novel of the same name by John Preston.
Awards and recognition
Myles was among many others nominated for Wales online Dafftas' best actress and won for her role as Frankie with almost 45% of the votes. Myles was nominated for and won Wales' sexiest woman in 2013.
Myles has been nominated for a total of six BAFTA Cymru awards, winning one. In 2002, 2003, and 2009, Myles was nominated for Best Actress in the BAFTA Cymru Awards for her role as Ceri on the BBC Wales drama Belonging.
In 2007, Myles won the BAFTA Cymru Best Actress award for her portrayal of Gwen Cooper in Torchwoods first series, a role she also received Best Actress BAFTA Cymru nominations for in 2008 and 2010. In 2010, Myles won the Best Actress award in the SFX Reader's awards poll, and was crowned best actress in the 11th annual Airlock Alpha Portal Awards. For her role as Gwen Cooper in Torchwood: Miracle Day, Myles was nominated for a Satellite Awards in the Best Television Actress category. and reached the shortlist for the 2012 UK National Television Awards.
In 2006, Wales on Sunday named Myles as its "Bachelorette of the Year". Myles also regularly ranks highly in the Western Mails annual list of the 50 sexiest women in Wales. In 2005, the Western Mail ranked Myles seventh whilst she ranked fifth in 2008, 7th in 2009, 8th in 2010 and 10th in 2011.
In June 2010, Myles was honoured with a fellowship from the Royal Welsh College of Music & Drama.
Personal life
Myles met Bradley Freegard at the National Youth Theatre in 1994, and they married in Italy on 18 May 2013. Myles and Freegard have three daughters, born in 2009, 2014, and 2021. After learning Welsh for Keeping Faith with the assistance of her husband, she now speaks conversational Welsh with her daughters.
Filming Torchwoods fourth series in 2011 saw Myles relocate with her family to America's Hollywood Hills, living "literally underneath the Hollywood sign". Myles has described California as the "land of dreams", and her experience filming the fourth series of Torchwood in Hollywood as the best year of her life, adding that she would love to spend more time there as an actress if possible.
Filmography
Film
Television
Radio and audio dramas
Stage
Audiobook narrator
Video games
References
External links
Bio of Myles at BBC Wales
1978 births
Living people
20th-century Welsh actresses
20th-century British actresses
21st-century Welsh actresses
21st-century British actresses
People from Powys
Alumni of the Royal Welsh College of Music & Drama
Royal Shakespeare Company members
British Shakespearean actresses
Welsh voice actresses
Welsh radio actresses
Welsh stage actresses
British stage actresses
Welsh people of Scottish descent
Welsh television actresses
British television actresses
British soap opera actresses
Welsh radio presenters
Welsh television presenters
British television presenters
Welsh film actresses
British film actresses
Welsh video game actresses
British expatriates in the United States
Audiobook narrators
National Youth Theatre members
Welsh Shakespearean actors
Welsh-speaking actors
Welsh women radio presenters | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eve%20Myles |
Barry Manilow is a studio album released by singer and songwriter Barry Manilow in 1989. It was Manilow's thirteenth studio album overall and second studio album on his second tenure with Arista Records. The album represented a hint of future album releases in that many of the songs were not written/co-written by Manilow, which until that point had been rare for him. After the release of this album, Manilow embarked on introducing contemporary audiences to pop music of the 1930s through the late 1940s.
The singles from this album were: "Keep Each Other Warm", "The One That Got Away", "Please Don't Be Scared" and "When the Good Times Come Again", which hit #12 on the Billboard Adult Contemporary chart in June 2020 in the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic. No singles from the album reached the Billboard Hot 100, but "Keep Each Other Warm" and "The One That Got Away" made the AC chart at #7 and #25 respectively in 1989.
Track listing
Side 1
"Please Don't Be Scared" (Mindy Sterling) - 5:34
"Keep Each Other Warm" (Andy Hill, Peter Sinfield) - 4:33
"Once and For All" (Jimmy Webb) - 4:15
"The One That Got Away" (Wayne Hammer, Jeff Slater)- 3:55
"When the Good Times Come Again" (music: Richard Kerr; lyrics: Will Jennings) - 4:29
Side 2
"Some Good Things Never Last" (Mark Radice) - 4:47
"In Another World" (music: Richard Kerr; lyrics: Charlie Dore) - 4:12
"You Begin Again" (music: Barry Manilow; lyrics: Adrienne Anderson) - 3:59
"My Moonlight Memories of You" (Sandy Linzer, Irwin Levine) - 4:43
"Anyone Can Do the Heartbreak" (music: Tom Snow; lyrics: Amanda McBroom) - 4:22
"A Little Travelling Music, Please" (music: Barry Manilow; lyrics: Bruce Sussman, Jack Feldman) - 4:23
Personnel
Barry Manilow - vocals, piano
Dean Parks, Robbie McIntosh, Steve Dudas, Dann Huff, Russ Freeman - guitar
Laurence Juber - guitar, ukelele
Dennis Belfield - bass
Jeff Slater - bass, keyboards
Pat Coil, Reg Powell, Jim Cox, Kevin Bassinson - piano
Paul "Wix" Wickens, Rich Tancredi - keyboards
Michael Lloyd - piano, synthesizer
Todd Herreman - Fairlight synthesizer
Claude Gaudette - synthesizer
Paul Leim, Vinnie Colaiuta, Ron Krasinski, Joe Franco - drums
Michael Fisher, Luís Jardim - percussion
Dana Robbins, Gary Herbig - saxophone
Dee Lewis, Wayne Hammer, Jeff Slater, Jim Haas, Joe Chemay, Joe Pizzulo - backing vocals
Ed Arkin - keyboard and synthesizer programming
Wayne Hammer, Jeff Slater - drum and synthesizer programming
Ben Forat - F-16 synthesizer programming
Certifications
References
1989 albums
Barry Manilow albums
Arista Records albums
Albums produced by Michael Lloyd (music producer)
Albums produced by Ric Wake
Albums produced by Paul Staveley O'Duffy | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry%20Manilow%20%281989%20album%29 |
Stigma is the second studio album by English alternative band EMF, released in 1992. It yielded two UK hit singles: "They’re Here" (no. 29) and "It’s You" (no. 23).
The follow-up to the commercially successful Schubert Dip, Stigma failed to make the UK top 10 Album Charts (peaking at no. 19), and perhaps worse, was only in the charts for two weeks (its predecessor reached no. 3 and charted for 19 weeks).
"It's You That Leaves Me Dry" was re-mixed and re-titled "It's You" for the single release.
Reception
Geoff Orens of AllMusic gave the album three-and-a-half stars out of five, feeling that the overall mood and lyrical themes of the album were different from what would have been expected by fans: "For a fan base ready for more 'Unbelievable's however, Stigma was far from enticing and unfortunately sold less than hoped, leading to EMF's less-than-grand return to the foray of pop on Cha Cha Cha."
Track listing
All songs written by EMF, except where noted.
"They're Here" - 4:22
"Arizona" (James Atkin, Ian Dench) - 4:05
"It's You That Leaves Me Dry" (Atkin, Dench) - 3:54
"Never Know" (Atkin, Dench) - 4:02
"Blue Highs" (Dench) - 3:48
"Inside" (Atkin) - 3:26
"Getting Through" (Dench) - 4:23
"She Bleeds" (Dench) - 4:05
"Dog" - 3:56
"The Light that Burns Twice as Bright..." - 4:09
Personnel
EMF
James Atkin: vocals, guitars
Ian Dench: guitars, keyboards
Derry Brownson: sampling, keyboards
Zac Foley: bass guitar
Mark de Cloedt: drums, percussion
Guest musicians
P.P. Arnold: backing vocals on "Arizona", "It's You That Leaves Me Dry", "Blue Highs", "Inside" and "The Light that Burns Twice as Bright..."
References
1992 albums
EMF (band) albums
Parlophone albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stigma%20%28EMF%20album%29 |
Georg Kieninger (5 June 1902, in Munich – 25 January 1975, in Düsseldorf) was a German chess player and International Master (IM).
A cigar smoker, Kieninger was nicknamed "Eiserner Schorsch" (roughly translated as "Iron Georgie") because of his fighting style. He won the German Chess Championship in 1937, 1940, and 1947. In 1950, FIDE awarded him the IM title.
His major openings were the Ruy Lopez and the French Defence (MacCutcheon Variation). The Kieninger Trap in the Budapest Gambit (1.d4 Nf6 2.c4 e5 3.dxe5 Ng4 4.Bf4 Nc6 5.Nf3 Bb4+ 6.Nbd2 Qe7 7.a3 Ngxe5! 8.axb4?? Nd3#) is named after him.
References
1902 births
1975 deaths
German chess players
Chess International Masters
Sportspeople from Munich
People from the Kingdom of Bavaria
20th-century chess players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg%20Kieninger |
Emma Calvé, born Rosa Emma Calvet (15 August 1858 – 6 January 1942) was a French operatic dramatic soprano.
Calvé was probably the most famous French female opera singer of the Belle Époque. Hers was an international career, and she sang regularly at the Metropolitan Opera House, New York, and the Royal Opera House, London.
Early life
Calvé was born on 15 August 1858 in Decazeville, Aveyron. Her birth name was Rosa Emma Calvet. Her father, Justin Calvet, was a civil engineer. She spent her childhood at first in Spain with her parents, then in different convent schools in Roquefort and Tournemire (Aveyron). After her parents separated, she moved with her mother to Paris. There she attempted to enter the Paris Conservatory, while she studied singing under Jules Puget.
She started learning music in Paris from Mathilde Marchesi, a retired German mezzo-soprano and Manuel García. She made a tour of Italy, where she saw the famous actress Eleonora Duse, whose impersonations made a deep impression on the young singer. She trained herself in stage craft and gesture by closely observing Duse's performances.
Career
She made her operatic debut on 23 September 1881 in Gounod's Faust at Brussels' La Monnaie. Later she sang at La Scala in Milan, and also at the principal theatres of Naples, Rome, and Florence.
Returning to Paris in 1891, she created the part of Suzel in L'amico Fritz by Pietro Mascagni, playing and singing the role later at Rome. Because of her great success in it, she was chosen to appear as Santuzza in the French premiere of Cavalleria rusticana, which was viewed as one of her greatest parts. She repeated her success in it in London.
In 1892, she spent six months in Rome, studying under Domenico Mustafà, the last castrato head of the Sistine Chapel Choir, adding half an octave to the top of her range.
Her next triumph was Bizet's Carmen. Before beginning the study of this part, she went to Spain, learned the Spanish dances, mingled with the people and patterned her characterization after the cigarette girls whom she watched at their work and at play. In 1894, she made her appearance in the role at the Opéra-Comique, Paris. The city's opera-goers immediately hailed her as the greatest Carmen that had ever appeared, a verdict other cities would later echo. She had had many famous predecessors in the role, including Adelina Patti, Minnie Hauk and Célestine Galli-Marié, but critics and musicians agreed that in Calvé they had found their ideal of Bizet's cigarette girl of Seville.
Calvé first appeared in America in the season of 1893–1894 as Mignon. She would make regular visits to the country, both in grand opera and in concert tours. After making her Metropolitan Opera debut as Santuzza, she went on to appear a total of 261 times with the company between 1893 and 1904. She created the part of Anita, which was written for her, in Massenet's La Navarraise in London in 1894 and, in 1897, sang Sapho in an opera written by the same composer.
She sang Ophélie in Ambroise Thomas's Hamlet in Paris in 1899, but the part was not suited to her and she dropped it. She appeared with success in many roles, among them, as the Countess in The Marriage of Figaro, the title role in Félicien David's Lalla-Roukh, as Pamina in The Magic Flute, and as Camille in Hérold's Zampa, but she is best known as Carmen.
Calvé's Metropolitan Opera career ended abruptly in 1904, as Irving Kolodin described in his book The Metropolitan Opera [Knopf 1968]. She was to sing a group of Provençal songs at the Met's Sunday evening concert. Music director Felix Mottl was to accompany her at the piano. "As they were about to begin, she turned and asked him to transpose the music a tone lower. When he refused, she walked off the stage and out of the Metropolitan's history. When she reappeared in New York, it was with Hammerstein's company (1907)."
Calvé developed an interest in the paranormal and was once engaged to the occult author Jules Bois.
In the winter of 1893/1894 the Swiss-born American artist Adolfo Müller-Ury (1862–1947) executed a life-size portrait of her standing full-length in a green-blue dress, wearing an opera cloak of white and gold with a sable edge, clutching American Beauty roses. It is now lost, but a pastel he made of her in March 1894 has been discovered in a London private collection.
Later life
Calvé died on 6 January 1942 at Montpellier, Hérault, and is buried in Millau. Her voice is preserved in a number of recordings made between 1902 and 1920. These are available on CD transfers.
Influences
While performing in Chicago, Calvé's only daughter died in a fire accident. This tragic incident had a serious mental toll on her. It was in this period of intense grief that she met Swami Vivekananda, who prevented her from committing suicide and restored her back to her former cheerful form. Calvé had accompanied Vivekananda as his partner along with Miss Josephine MacLeod, Sir Francis Jules Bois and his wife and Sarah Bernhard while they travelled through Europe and Egypt from 1899 to 1901.
Calvé wrote of Swami Vivekananda in her autobiography: "[He] truly walked with God, a noble being, a saint, a philosopher and a true friend. His influence upon my spiritual life was profound ... my soul will bear him eternal gratitude".
She also visited Belur Math, Swami Vivekananda's tribute to his guru Ramakrishna Paramahansa. She said of this visit and her association with the monks there: "The hours that I spent with these gentle philosophers have remained in my memory as a time apart. These beings – pure, beautiful and remote seemed to belong to another universe, a better and wiser world"
Swami Vivekananda wrote of Calvé:
She was born poor but by her innate talents, prodigious labour and diligence, and after wrestling against much hardship, she is now enormously rich and commands respect from kings and emperors. ... The rare combination of beauty, youth, talents, and "divine" voice has assigned Calve the highest place among the singers of the West. There is, indeed, no better teacher than misery and poverty. That constant fight against the dire poverty, misery, and hardship of the days of her girlhood, which has led to her present triumph over them, has brought into her life a unique sympathy and a depth of thought with a wide outlook.
Works
Calvé, Emma: My Life, trans. Rosamond Gilder (New York, London: D. Appleton & Co, 1922).
Calvé, Emma: Sous Tous Les Ciels J’ai Chanté. . . (Paris: Librarie Plon, 1940) (I have sung under every sky—autobiography).
Chronological table
1858 Birth of Rosa Emma Calvet in Decazeville.
1864 She attends a convent in Rodez. The sisters give some concerts where Mgr Bourret, bishop of this town appreciates her voice.
1874 Emma and her mother Léonie go up to Paris. Although they are short of money, Puget consents to give Emma lessons.
1882 Debut at the Brussels La Monnaie, as Marguerite in Charles Gounod's Faust. Lessons by Mrs Marchesi, one of the most influential voice teachers of the era.
1882 end, Théodore Dubois' Aben Hamet in the Théâtre-Italien. 1883 She creates Victorin Joncières' Le Chevalier Jean in the Opéra-Comique. She sings in Zampa and Lalla-Roukh. After a failure at the Scala, recommended by Gounod, she took lessons from Rosine Laborde. In Rome she took lessons from Domenico Mustafà (1829–1912).
1885 November, in Nice she sings the part of Leïla in Bizet's Les pêcheurs de perles with a grand success. She sings Halévy's L'éclair.
1890 May, Milan. Triumph in the Scala with Hamlet.
1890 She creates Cavalleria rusticana in Florence. She sings in Rome, then in Naples.
1891 November: French premiere of Cavalleria rusticana at the Opéra-Comique in Paris.
1892 Travel in Spain; November: great success in Carmen at the Opéra-Comique.
1893 Carmen in London's Covent Garden, and in Windsor by Queen Victoria. September: she leaves for the United States. Carmen in the Metropolitan Opera in New York, then in Boston, Chicago and Montreal.
1894 July: she buys the medieval castle of Cabrières.
1895 October: she creates Massenet's La Navarraise in Paris; Tour in Russia: Saint Petersburg, performance in front of the tsar.
1896 November: creation of Massenet's Sapho, with a libretto from a novel of Alphonse Daudet.
1899–1900 Travel in Orient along with Swami Vivekananda
1902 She creates in the Opéra-Comique Reynaldo Hahn's La Carmélite.
1903 April: Hector Berlioz's La Damnation de Faust.
1904 October: in the Gaîté, Massenet's Hérodiade.
1906 Germany and Austria
1910–1912 Travel around the world
1914 July: Berlin December: 4th tour in the United States
1915 USA
1916 Benefit concerts in Montpellier, Marseille, Toulon, Nice and Cannes, for the Red Cross.
1919 For the last time in the Opéra-Comique. English tour with tenor Vladimir Rosing and pianist Arthur Rubinstein.
1920 She records for Pathé Records.
1922 Tour in England, Scotland and Ireland, with Alfred Cortot and Jacques Thibaud.
1925 5th tour in the USA.
1925 She retired from the stage. She returned in her beloved Midi to teach, living in different houses in Millau and surroundings.
1942 6 January – dies in a clinic in Montpellier, aged 83.
Discography
in Les Introuvables du Chant Français EMI, 2005;
Emma Calve: the Complete Victor Recordings (1907–16), Romophone CD 81024–2.
References
Notes
Bibliography
Contrucci, Jean: Emma Calvé, la diva du siècle, Albin Michel 1989,
Girard, Georges: Emma Calvé : étoile dans tous les cieux, cigale sous tous les ciels, Rodez : Cahiers rouergats, 1971; No de :"Les Cahiers rouergats", 1971, ISSN 0184-5365, n °5, 1971
Girard, Georges: Emma Calvé, la cantatrice sous tous les ciels, Éditions Grands Causses
Prévost, M.: Dictionnaire de biographie française, vol. 7, Letouzey, 1956
External links
Liner notes from The Complete 1902 G&T, 1920 Pathé and "Mapleson Cylinder" Recordings
Photo of Cabrières
Reminiscences of Swami Vivekananda
Emma Calvé recordings at the Discography of American Historical Recordings.
1858 births
1942 deaths
People from Decazeville
French operatic sopranos
Metropolitan Opera people
19th-century French women opera singers
20th-century French women opera singers
Belle Époque
Knights of the Legion of Honour | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emma%20Calv%C3%A9 |
Weiz () is a town in the eastern part of the Austrian state of Styria.
Population
International relations
Twin towns – Sister cities
Weiz is twinned with:
Ajka, Hungary
Grodzisk Mazowiecki, Poland
Offenburg, Germany
References
Cities and towns in Weiz District | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weiz |
Elizabeth Grey, Countess of Kent (née Lady Elizabeth Talbot) (1582 – 7 December 1651) was a medical recipe collector, and the wife of Henry Grey, 8th Earl of Kent.
Biography
She was a daughter of Gilbert Talbot, 7th Earl of Shrewsbury and Mary Cavendish. She was appointed a maid of honour to Queen Elizabeth in June 1600.
She married Grey on 16 November 1601, at St Martin-in-the-Fields. They lived at Wrest Park, Bedfordshire, where she managed the large household. They had no children, and the Earl died in 1639. Afterwards she may have married the writer, John Selden, who had worked for the Earl and to whom she left most of her property.
She was a favourite attendant of Queen Anne of Denmark, As her husband was Baron Grey of Ruthin, she was named as "Lady Ruthin" in lists of Anne of Denmark's household. She is sometimes confused with Barbara Ruthven, the queen's favourite in Scotland in the 1590s. Lady Ruthin was a contact at court for Lady Anne Clifford, and took her gifts to Anne of Denmark, including a white satin gown embroidered with pearls and coloured silks.
In 1609, an Italian poet, Antimo Galli, published Rime di Antimo Galli which includes stanzas describing the guests and participants in The Masque of Beauty. He dedicated his book to Lady Grey. In 1610 she danced in the court masque Tethys' Festival as the "Nymph of Medway". In 1616 the Venetian ambassador Antonio Foscarini gave the Queen a necklace but Lady Grey returned it to him. It was said she replaced Jean Drummond as the queen's personal servant in October 1617. Her portrait by Paul van Somer includes a jewelled tablet or locket with the Queen's monogram.
The queen's brother, Christian IV of Denmark wrote to her in 1619, asking her to take care to avert the Queen's melancholy. After Anne of Denmark's death, Christian IV wrote to her, thanking her for her service, and she replied from Somerset House in French.
Recipe books
After her death, her collection of medical recipes was published, originally as A Choice Manual, or Rare Secrets in Physick and Chirurgery Collected and Practised by the Right Honourable the Countess of Kent, late deceased. Later editions of the book added the subtitle Whereto are added several experiments of the vertue of Gascon powder, and lapis contra yarvam by a professor of physick. As also most exquisite ways of preserving, conserving, candying &c.. The book was popular, going through twenty-two editions. Some of the recipes reflect the influence of English Paracelsianism. Medical recipes were an interest she shared with her younger sister, Alethea Howard, Countess of Arundel.
A book published in 1653 by W. J. Gent, titled A True Gentlewoman's Delight, is considered to be her personal recipe collection, although there is speculation that the cookbook was written by the countess's chef Robert May, or by the publisher himself.
References
Attribution
External links
A Choice Manual, or Rare Secrets in Physick and Chirurgery Collected and Practised by the Right Honourable the Countess of Kent (1726)
1582 births
1651 deaths
English countesses
Daughters of British earls
Elizabeth
Women cookbook writers
Household of Anne of Denmark | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elizabeth%20Grey%2C%20Countess%20of%20Kent |
Ninox is a genus of true owls comprising 36 species found in Asia and Australasia. Many species are known as hawk-owls or boobooks, but the northern hawk-owl (Surnia ulula) is not a member of this genus.
Taxonomy
The genus was introduced by English naturalist Brian Houghton Hodgson in 1837 with the type species as Ninox nipalensis, a junior synonym of Strix lugubris Tickell 1833. Strix lugubris is now considered a subspecies of the brown boobook (Ninox scutula lugubris).
Species
The genus contains 37 species:
† Laughing owl, Ninox albifacies (extinct)
Rufous owl, Ninox rufa
Powerful owl, Ninox strenua
Barking owl, Ninox connivens
Sumba boobook, Ninox rudolfi
Australian boobook, Ninox boobook
Rote boobook Ninox rotiensis
Timor boobook Ninox fusca
Alor boobook, Ninox plesseni
Tasmanian boobook, Ninox leucopsis
Morepork, Ninox novaeseelandiae
Northern boobook, Ninox japonica
Brown boobook, Ninox scutulata
Hume's boobook, Ninox obscura
Chocolate boobook, Ninox randi
Andaman boobook, Ninox affinis
Philippine hawk-owl group
Luzon boobook, Ninox philippensis
Mindanao boobook, Ninox spilocephala
Camiguin boobook, Ninox leventisi
Sulu boobook, Ninox reyi
Cebu boobook, Ninox rumseyi
Romblon boobook, Ninox spilonotus
Mindoro boobook, Ninox mindorensis
Least boobook, Ninox sumbaensis
Togian boobook, Ninox burhani
Ochre-bellied boobook, Ninox ochracea
Cinnabar boobook, Ninox ios
Moluccan boobook group
Halmahera boobook, Ninox hypogramma
Buru boobook, Ninox hantu
Seram boobook, Ninox squamipila
Tanimbar boobook, Ninox forbesi
Christmas boobook, Ninox natalis
Manus boobook, Ninox meeki
Papuan boobook, Ninox theomacha
Speckled boobook, Ninox punctulata
New Britain boobook, Ninox odiosa
New Ireland boobook, Ninox variegata
Genomic studies of the extinct laughing owl of New Zealand indicate that it actually belongs in Ninox rather than the monotypic genus Sceloglaux. The fossil owls "Otus" wintershofensis and "Strix" brevis, both from the Early or Middle Miocene of Wintershof, Germany, are close to this genus; the latter was sometimes explicitly placed in Ninox (Olson 1985), but is now in Intutula. "Strix" edwardsi from the Late Miocene of La Grive St. Alban, France, might also belong into this group.
In human culture
"NINOX" is an Australian Army project to develop night-vision goggles; it is named after Ninox strenua.
References
Olson, Storrs L. (1985): IX.C. Strigiformes. In: Farner, D.S.; King, J.R. & Parkes, Kenneth C. (eds.): Avian Biology 8: 129–132. Academic Press, New York.
Further reading
Bird genera
Taxa named by Brian Houghton Hodgson | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ninox |
The Physical Education Association of the United Kingdom (PEAUK) is a former leading body in the United Kingdom for physical education. It was founded in 1899 as the Ling Association.
In 2006 PEAUK joined with The British Association of Advisers and Lecturers in Physical Education (BAALPE) to become the Association for Physical Education (AfPE), becoming the UK's only Physical Education subject association.
References
External links
Official website
Association for Physical Education Association for Physical Education afPE Official website
1899 establishments in the United Kingdom
2006 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
Educational organisations based in the United Kingdom
Organisations based in Reading, Berkshire
Organizations established in 1899
Organizations disestablished in 2006
United K
Physical education in the United Kingdom
Sport in Reading, Berkshire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Physical%20Education%20Association%20of%20the%20United%20Kingdom |
The Old Man of Stoer is a sea stack of Torridonian sandstone in Sutherland, Scotland, close to the villages of Culkein and Stoer and the nearby Stoer Head Lighthouse. It is a popular climbing route.
Geography
The stack is composed of Torridonian sandstone, and is high. It is in The Minch, a strait in north-west Scotland, separating the north-west Highlands and the northern Inner Hebrides from Lewis and Harris in the Outer Hebrides.
Access is normally from the Stoer Head Lighthouse, which is within walking distance of the stack. The lighthouse is on the B869 Lochinver to Unapool road.
The seas around the Old Man of Stoer have claimed a number of vessels. There is believed to be the wreck of a fishing boat in the vicinity of the stack, which sank on 17 February 1953.
Climbing
The Old Man of Stoer is popular with climbers due to its height and approachability. It was first climbed in 1966 by Brian Henderson, Paul Nunn, Tom Patey, and Brian Robertson. Along with Am Buachaille and the Old Man of Hoy, it has become something of a legend among climbers.
To gain access to the foot of the stack, a Tyrolean traverse is necessary, which may require a swimmer to put it in place. There are a number of routes of varying levels of difficulty.
In the Channel 4 television programme Hidden Talent, 45-year-old Maggie Reenan climbed the stack after 18 days of intensive training, after her natural aptitude for climbing was discovered.
Wildlife
Northern fulmars (Fulmarus glacialis) inhabit the stack and nearby sea cliffs. Other wildlife in the area includes the great skua (also known by its Norse name "bonxie") peregrines, pinnipeds and cetaceans.
Seabirds which can be seen include bonxies, guillemots, fulmars, razorbills and other birds including twite, skylarks, and dunlin.
In Media/Television
The 2010 TV series Men of Rock produced by the BBC about pioneering geologists working in Scotland. It is presented by Professor Iain Stewart.
References
Stacks of Scotland
Climbing areas of Scotland
Landforms of Sutherland
Landforms of Highland (council area) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old%20Man%20of%20Stoer |
Tacony () is a historic neighborhood in Northeast Philadelphia, United States, approximately from downtown ("Center City") Philadelphia. It is bounded by the east side of Frankford Avenue on the northwest, the south side of Cottman Avenue on the northeast, the north side of Robbins Street on the southwest, and the Delaware River and Interstate 95 on the southeast.
Tacony's ZIP code, along with Wissinoming, is 19135. The neighborhood has a large Irish American and Italian American population. A substantial influx of German and German-American inhabitants helped to swell the population after 1855. About 18,000 people now live in Tacony.
Although numerous neighborhood borders in Philadelphia are often disputed, because of when and how they developed, were populated, and founded, Tacony is one of the earliest villages along the Delaware River and further inland, in what was at one time a section of "Oxford Township," and would eventually become part of Philadelphia. For that reason it has some of the better defined neighborhood borders which are part of the city records that describe neighborhoods.
History
The name "Tacony" is derived from a Lenape word for "wilderness", it may possibly originate from the Lenape word tèkëne meaning forest or woods. The deed for the land purchase of Hans Kyn (later "Keene" and "Keen"), a Swede, south of modern Cottman Avenue on the river, dated April 26, 1679, entered on the back of a grant from Governor Andros, March 25, 1676, is still in possession of the family. Enock Keene is shown as one of the landowners of Toaconinck Township on Thomas Holme's 1687 survey map.
John Keen, great-great grandson of Hans, born at Tacony in 1747, served with General Cadwalader in the Revolutionary War and was wounded at the battle of Princeton. Tacony resident John Lardner crossed the Delaware with General Washington and fought at Trenton, Princeton, Brandywine, and Germantown. Farmer John Knowles fought in the war and was a prisoner of the British in 1778.
In the 18th and 19th centuries, wealthy and influential families established country seats along the river in Tacony. The British Army raided several farms and estates there for supplies during its Revolutionary War occupation of Philadelphia in 1777-78. Not yet a part of the City of Philadelphia, Tacony was then a village in Oxford Township, Philadelphia County.
By at least 1836, the Buttermilk Tavern, a vacation hotel, offering fresh catch for dinner, was operating along the river south of what became Longshore Street.
Coming of the railroad
The most significant event in the development of Tacony was the acquisition of land there in 1846 for a ferry-wharf by the Philadelphia and Trenton Railroad, which had first laid tracks through the town in 1834, along the route from its depot at modern Frankford Avenue and Montgomery Avenue, Kensington, to Trenton, New Jersey. Banned from traversing the District of Kensington southbound to connect with other rail lines, the Philadelphia and Trenton built Tacony Depot, an important early transportation hub. The depot and the community which grew around it was, for a short time, called Buena Vista, named for the recent Mexican War victory. A waterfront mansion on the property was converted to the Washington House Hotel at the foot of what would become Disston Street. Through passengers traveling from New York de-trained at Tacony and took a steamboat to Walnut Street, where they could connect with stagecoaches and other rail lines. North-bound passengers did the reverse. Steamboats and steam ferries stopped at Tacony several times a day for over eight decades. The railroad's Kensington Depot continued to be used for freight and some passenger traffic, but the steamboat transfer continued until 1867, when the Connecting Railway opened from Frankford Junction to Mantua, near the Philadelphia Zoo, enabling a connection with the Pennsylvania Railroad.
Between 1861 and 1865, Tacony Depot was the major conduit for soldiers from New England, New York, and New Jersey traveling to and from the campaigns of the Civil War, greatly adding to the village's name recognition.
German-American Catholics formed the Saint Vincent's Orphan Asylum Society in 1855. They purchased from two farmers and William H. Gatzmer's land association, comprising an area from Princeton Avenue to Cottman Avenue, the railroad to the river. They formed the Tacony Cottage Association, and sub-divided the land into building lots which they sold to cover the establishment of St. Vincent’s Orphanage at the foot of St. Vincent Street.
In 1854, the City of Philadelphia consolidated the surrounding county into the city and Tacony became one of its neighborhoods.
In 1871, the Philadelphia and Trenton’s right-of-way was leased to the mammoth Pennsylvania Railroad and became the most important connection in that system, the Philadelphia-to-New York section of today's Northeast Corridor.
Ships named for Tacony
Three vessels named "Tacony" saw naval duty, one of them for the South during the Civil War. In 1863, Confederate forces captured the merchant vessel Tacony and used it as a stealth raider, CSS Florida No.2, to capture 15 additional ships. It was burned when the crew upgraded to a larger vessel. A 2004 book, "Seawolf of the Confederacy," chronicles its exploits. Also in 1863, a gunboat named Tacony, built at the Philadelphia Navy Yard, was commissioned and saw blockade duty against the South. During World War I, a sizeable yacht owned by industrialist Jacob Disston was donated to the government for the length of the war. It was refitted, armed, and assigned to coastal patrol duty as USS Tacony.
Disston moves to Tacony
In 1872, industrialist Henry Disston, seeing, among other things, easy access to river and railroad, purchased in Tacony and moved his growing saw and file manufactory, Disston Saw Works, to Tacony from cramped quarters in Kensington. (Henry's brother had earlier purchased vacation property from the Cottage Association.) The company became the largest of its kind in the world for a century, employing up to 5,000 workers at one time. A Time article claimed in 1940 that 75 percent of the handsaws sold in the U.S. were made by Disston.
West of the railroad, Disston built a paternalistic industrial village which has been the subject of books, academic studies, and Papal and government recognition. Disston is still regarded with reverence in the community and his image figures prominently on a large community mural. Tacony thrived during the industrial age as national and international firms opened branches there. The Tacony Iron Company manufactured the dome of Philadelphia City Hall and the massive statue of William Penn that it supports.
In 1894, Frank Shuman, inventor of wire glass and a pioneer in solar power twice featured on the cover of Scientific American built a large inventor's compound on Disston Street and there built the first solar-powered steam engine. From experiments conducted there, he later developed solar-powered steam turbines to irrigate land in Egypt.
Tacony Palmyra Bridge
The Tacony-Palmyra Bridge, one of only two Delaware River spans connecting New Jersey with northeast Philadelphia (the other being the Betsy Ross Bridge further downstream), has its Pennsylvania terminus in Tacony. The bridge, which carries Pennsylvania Route 73, connects with New Jersey Route 73 in Palmyra, New Jersey. It opened in 1929, eliminating the need for ferries, used on that route since 1922. Daily use, 50,000 vehicles; 18.25 million per year.
Notable people
Chris Daukaus - UFC heavyweight fighter
Henry Disston - Industrialist, founded Keystone Saw Works in 1840.
Hamilton Disston - Industrialist and real-estate developer.
Chick Hartley - Major League Baseball outfielder who played in one game for the New York Giants in 1902.
Frank Legacki - Championship swimmer.
Al Schmid - United States Marine who was awarded the Navy Cross.
Frank Shuman - Inventor, engineer and solar energy pioneer.
Notable buildings
The Hamilton Disston School, Mary Disston School, and Tacony Music Hall are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
The Tacony Library opened November 27, 1906. The land was a gift of the Disston Family, and the building was a gift of Andrew Carnegie.
Important historic industrial complexes survive on the Delaware River waterfront, including:
Disston Saw Works
Tacony Worked Mills, 5250 Unruh Avenue, Tacony, Philadelphia, PA, 1886, designed by Walter Harvey Geissinger, a prolific architect of industrial buildings in Philadelphia, who founded a firm that eventually became known as The Ballinger Company.
Parks and Recreation Centers
The following are located within the boundaries of Tacony: Vogt Recreation Center, Joseph F. Vogt Playground, Disston Park, Disston Recreation Center, Franklin Delano Roosevelt Playground, Frank J. G. Dorsey Memorial Playground, Senator William Vincent Mullin Playground, and Lardner's Point Park.
Sports teams
Disston AA
The Disston AA FC, nicknamed "The Sawmakers" was a U.S. soccer team sponsored by the Disston Saw Works from 1909 to 1921. The team played for several years in local Philadelphia leagues before joining the National Association Football League. It was a perennial contender in both league and cup play.
Citations
Sources
External links
Visit Tacony - Welcome to Historic Tacony
Historical Society of Tacony
Tacony Civic Association
Historic Photographs of Tacony
Journal of Jasper Danckaerts, 1679-1680, Volume 13
Neighborhoods in Philadelphia
Irish-American neighborhoods
Little Italys in the United States
Northeast Philadelphia
Company towns in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tacony%2C%20Philadelphia |
Jehovah's Witnesses employ various levels of congregational discipline as formal controls administered by congregation elders. Members who engage in conduct that is considered inappropriate may be counseled privately by elders and congregational responsibilities may be withheld or restricted.
Private hearings involving "serious sin" are performed by formal judicial committees, in which guilt and repentance are determined by a tribunal of elders. A variety of controls can be enforced, from reproof and restriction of congregational duties to excommunication, known as disfellowshipping, which includes shunning. Individuals who are disfellowshipped may be reinstated after an extended period if they are deemed to demonstrate repentance. The practice of disfellowshipping, particularly the shunning of family members, has been criticized by many non-members and ex-members.
Counsel and guidance
Personal counsel
Congregation elders may offer counsel in privileged settings, with the opportunity for the member to confess wrongdoing. If counsel is not accepted, congregational responsibilities may be withheld or restricted, and elders may present a talk to the congregation about the type of behavior, without naming the individual. This is intended to alert other members already aware of the individual's conduct to limit social interaction with that person.
Counsel may be given in situations involving actions that are considered inappropriate but are not considered to be of sufficient gravity to necessitate a judicial committee. Counsel may be provided by a mature Witness in addition to self-discipline and family discipline. Elders may also give recommendations or warnings to members in non-judicial situations.
Shepherding calls
Personal "shepherding visits" are intended to encourage members of the congregation, though may also include counsel and correction, then or on a subsequent visit. Two elders (or an elder and a ministerial servant) may schedule and perform a particular shepherding visit on their own or at the direction of the body of elders.
Withheld "privileges"
An active Jehovah's Witness may have their congregational "privileges of service" limited, even without having committed a serious sin. While Witnesses sometimes refer to field ministry, after-meeting cleanup, and other responsibilities as "privileges", the term "privileges of service" often implies a specific range of assignments assisting elders and ministerial servants with meeting demonstrations and other responsibilities. Such limitations are usually temporary.
Elders, ministerial servants, pioneers, or other appointed Witnesses can lose their "special privileges of service". For example, an elder may be removed or choose to step aside voluntarily from his position if members of his household are not in "good standing". After resignation or removal from an appointed position, an announcement is made during the congregation's Service Meeting indicating that the person is "no longer serving [in that capacity]", without elaboration.
Withheld recommendations or assignments
The body of elders may withhold its recommendation for a member to serve in a new position of responsibility, though still permitting existing responsibilities.
Marking
Members who persist in a course considered scripturally wrong after repeated counsel by elders, but who are not considered guilty of something for which they could be disfellowshipped, can be "marked", based on Jehovah's Witnesses' interpretation of 2 Thessalonians 3:14–15 (NWT): "14 But if anyone is not obedient to our word through this letter, keep this one marked and stop associating with him, so that he may become ashamed. 15 And yet do not consider him an enemy, but continue admonishing him as a brother." Actions for which an individual may be "marked" include dating a non-member, dating when not "scripturally" or legally free to marry, being lazy, critical, or dirty, meddling, taking material advantage of others or indulging in "improper" entertainment. "Marking" is indicated by means of a warning talk given to the congregation outlining the shameful course, without explicitly naming any particular individual. Members who know whose actions are being discussed may then consider the individual "marked". Though not shunned, "marked" individuals are looked upon as "bad association" and social interaction outside of formal worship settings is generally curtailed. This action is intended to "shame" the person into following a particular course of action.
Local needs
At conventions and assemblies, and about once each month at a local midweek meeting, a short talk regarding "local needs" is presented. An elder addresses matters that are relevant to the local congregation, with instructions outlining the course of action considered appropriate. No specific individuals are identified during the talk, but the talk may relate to a matter for which a member has recently been "reproved". At times, some temporary policy may be announced that might be seen as disciplinary; for example, it may be that an additional attendant is assigned outside a Kingdom Hall to discourage children from running on the sidewalk.
Discipline involving "serious sin"
Jehovah's Witnesses consider many actions to be "serious sins", for which baptized Witnesses are subject to a judicial committee hearing. Such actions include:
Judicial situations
If an active baptized Witness is considered to have committed a "serious sin" for which the individual must demonstrate formal repentance, correction (or, "discipline") is administered by the congregation's body of elders. Such situations usually involve a "judicial committee" of three or more elders. Counsel may escalate to excommunication, known as disfellowshipping, which includes shunning by the congregation. Individuals who are disfellowshipped may be reinstated after an extended period if they are deemed to demonstrate repentance.
An individual may also be disfellowshipped for promoting activities that are considered "serious sins" without actually engaging in the practice, or for accepting related employment (e.g. selling lottery tickets, firearms or cigarettes; working in an abortion clinic, church or military base).
If a baptized Witness teaches contrary to Witness doctrines, it is considered apostasy and grounds for disfellowshipping. A 1981 letter to overseers—reproduced in a book by former Governing Body member Raymond Franz—directed that a member who "persists in believing other doctrine", even without promoting such beliefs, may also be subject to disfellowshipping. Elders usually try to reason with the individual before such action is taken. If a person believes that a teaching should be adjusted or changed, he is encouraged "to be patient and wait on Jehovah for change". The Watchtower of July 15, 2011, said "apostates are 'mentally diseased,' and they seek to infect others with their disloyal teachings" and to "avoid contact with them". Some have stated that this applies to all individuals who leave the organization.
Procedures
Evidence for actions that can result in congregational discipline is obtained by voluntary confession to the elders or by witnesses of the violation. A minimum of two witnesses is required to establish guilt, based on their understanding of Deuteronomy 17:6 and Matthew 18:16, unless the person confesses voluntarily. Members are instructed to report serious sins committed by other members. Failure to report a serious sin of another member is viewed as sharing in the sins of others, a sin before God. Witnesses are instructed that pledges of confidentiality may be broken to report what they believe to be transgressions.
A congregation's body of elders considers confessions or credible allegations of serious sin, and decides whether a judicial committee will be formed to address the matter. A judicial committee, usually consisting of three elders, investigates the details of the alleged sin further. The committee arranges a formal judicial hearing to determine the circumstances of the sin, whether the accused is repentant, and whether disciplinary actions will be taken.
In certain situations, a body of elders may handle a situation involving "serious sin" by a baptized Witness without a judicial committee:
Minor or newly baptized—A minor or newly baptized Witness might commit one or two acts of "serious sin" involving tobacco or overdrinking; repercussions as for 'non-judicial' situations may still be imposed.
Repentance—The body of elders may believe the sinner's repentance has been established and accepted. For example, if a member committed a "serious sin" several years ago, had formally repented in prayer, and the sin did not involve scheming. Witnesses are strongly discouraged from waiting years to resolve such matters; even if years have passed since the serious sin, it is typical for a judicial committee to be formed, and there may still be repercussions as for ‘non-judicial’ situations.
Judicial abeyance—Elders may become aware of a "serious sin" committed by a baptized Witness who has been inactive for some time and is not perceived as a Jehovah's Witness. If the alleged sinner is not associating with active Witnesses, the elders may indefinitely postpone a judicial committee and formal hearing unless and until the individual renews their association with the congregation.
Judicial committee
A person who confesses or is accused of a serious sin is invited to attend a judicial committee meeting. The individual is permitted to bring witnesses who can speak in their defense; observers are not allowed, and the hearing is held privately even if the accused individual requests that it be heard openly so all may witness the evidence. Recording devices are not permitted at the hearing. If the accused repeatedly fails to attend an arranged hearing, the committee will proceed but will not make a decision until evidence and testimony by witnesses are considered.
The committee takes the role of prosecutor, judge and jury when handling its cases. After the hearing is opened with a prayer, the accused is invited to make a personal statement. If there is no admission of guilt, the individual is informed of the source of the charges and witnesses are presented one at a time to give evidence. Witnesses do not remain present for the entire hearing. Once all the evidence is presented, the accused and all witnesses are dismissed and the committee reviews the evidence and the attitude of the accused.
The committee may determine that there was no "serious sin", or that mitigating circumstances absolve the accused individual. The committee may then proceed with discipline such as is described for 'non-judicial' situations. Alternatively, the committee may decide that a serious sin was committed, in which case, the committee gives verbal admonitions and gauges the individual's attitude and repentance. The committee then decides whether discipline will involve formal reproof or disfellowshipping.
Reproof
Reproof involves actions for which a person could be disfellowshipped, and is said to be an effort to 'reach the heart' and convince a person of the need to hate the sanctioned actions and repent. Reproof is considered sufficient if the individual is deemed repentant.
Reproof is given before all who are aware of the transgression. If the conduct is known only to the individual and the judicial committee, reproof is given privately. If the sin is known by a small number, they would be invited by the elders, and reproof would be given before the sinner and those with knowledge of the sin. If the action is known generally by the entire congregation or the wider community, an announcement is made at the midweek meeting that the person "has been reproved". A related local needs talk may be given, separately to the announcement, without naming anyone.
In all cases of reproof, restrictions are imposed, typically prohibiting the individual from sharing in meeting parts, commenting during meetings, and giving group prayers. A reproved Witness cannot enroll as a pioneer or auxiliary pioneer for at least one year after reproof is given.
Disfellowshipping
All members are expected to abide by the beliefs and moral standards of Jehovah's Witnesses. Serious violations of these requirements can result in disfellowshipping (similar to excommunication) and subsequent shunning if not deemed repentant. When a judicial committee decides that a baptized Witness has committed a serious sin and is unrepentant, the person is disfellowshipped. A person who believes that a serious error in judgment has been made may appeal the decision. Requests for appeal must be made in writing and within seven days of the decision of the judicial committee. At such time, they may use other local elders or elders from nearby congregations. Their shunning policy is based on their interpretation of scriptures such as 1 Corinthians 5:11–13; Matthew 18:15–17; and 2 John 9–11. Witness literature states that avoiding interaction with disfellowshipped former adherents helps to:
avoid reproach on God's name and organization by indicating that violations of the Bible's standards in their ranks are not tolerated;
keep the congregation free of possible corrosive influences; and
convince the disfellowshipped individual to re-evaluate their course of action, repent and rejoin the group.
Shunning is also practiced when a member formally resigns membership or is deemed to indicate by their actions—such as accepting a blood transfusion or association with another religion or military organization—that they do not wish to be known as a Witness. Such individuals are said to have disassociated, and are described by the Watch Tower Society as "lawless".
When a person is disfellowshipped or is deemed to have disassociated, an announcement is made at the next midweek meeting that the named individual "is no longer one of Jehovah's Witnesses". Congregation members are not informed whether a person is being shunned due to "disfellowshipping" or "disassociation", or on what grounds. Shunning starts immediately after the announcement is made. A notification form is sent to the local branch office and records of the disfellowshipping are saved in the congregational records. Both are kept until at least five years after reinstatement.
Failure to adhere to the directions on shunning is itself considered a serious offense. Members who continue to speak to or associate with a disfellowshipped or disassociated person are said to be sharing in their "wicked works" and may themselves be disfellowshipped. Exceptions are made in some cases, such as business relations and immediate family household situations. If a disfellowshipped person is living in the same home with other baptized family members, religious matters are not discussed, with the exception of minors, for whose training parents are still responsible. Disfellowshipped family members outside the home are shunned. Members are instructed to not even greet shunned individuals. Disfellowshipped individuals can continue attending public meetings held at the Kingdom Hall, but are shunned by the congregation.
Reinstatement
Disfellowshipped individuals may be reinstated into the congregation if they are considered repentant of their previous actions and attitude. If a disassociated or disfellowshipped individual requests reinstatement, a judicial committee, (preferably using the committee originally involved, if available) seeks to determine whether the person has repented. Such individuals must demonstrate that they no longer practice the conduct for which they were expelled from the congregation, as well as submission to the group's regulations. Individuals disfellowshipped for actions no longer considered serious sins are not automatically reinstated. Attending meetings regularly while being shunned is a requirement for eventual reinstatement. Once a decision is made to reinstate, a brief announcement is made to the congregation that the individual "is reinstated as one of Jehovah's Witnesses".
Elders are instructed to make an attempt each year to remind disfellowshipped individuals of the steps they can take to qualify for reinstatement. No specific period of time is prescribed before this can happen; however, the Watch Tower Society suggests a period of "perhaps many months, a year, or longer."
Congregational restrictions are imposed on reinstated individuals. Participation at religious meetings, including commenting from the audience, is initially not permitted; such "privileges" may be gradually permitted over time if the individual is considered to have "progressed spiritually". Reinstated individuals may be ineligible for many years from serving in positions of responsibility such as an elder, ministerial servant or pioneer.
Unbaptized publishers
An unbaptized individual who has previously been approved to share in Jehovah's Witnesses' formal ministry, but who subsequently behaves in a manner considered inappropriate may lose privileges, such as commenting at meetings, receiving assignments, or even accompanying the congregation in the public ministry.
If an unbaptized individual is deemed unrepentant of actions for which baptized members might be disfellowshipped, an announcement would be made that the person "is no longer a publisher of the good news." Such individuals were previously shunned, but formal restrictions are no longer imposed on unbaptized individuals, though association is generally curtailed. The elders might privately warn individuals in the congregation if the unbaptized person is considered to pose "an unusual threat".
Critical view
The only way to officially leave Jehovah's Witnesses is to disassociate or be disfellowshipped, and both entail the same set of prohibitions and penalties, with no provision for continued normal association. Jehovah's Witnesses state that disfellowshipping is a scripturally documented method to protect the congregation from the influence of those who practice serious wrongdoing. Critics contend that the judicial process itself, due to its private and nearly autonomous nature, directly contradicts the precedent found in the Bible and the organization's own teachings and can be used in an arbitrary manner if there is consensus among just a few to abuse their authority.
According to Raymond Franz, a letter dated September 1, 1980, from the Watch Tower Society to all circuit and district overseers advised that a member who "merely disagrees in thought with any of the Watch Tower Society's teachings is committing apostasy and is liable for disfellowshipping." The letter states that one does not have to "promote" different doctrines to be an apostate, adding that elders need to "discern between one who is a trouble-making apostate and a Christian who becomes weak in the faith and has doubts."
Legality
In the June 1987 case Paul v. Watchtower Bible and Tract Society of New York Inc, the United States Court of Appeals for the 9th Circuit upheld the Witnesses' right to shun those who fail to live by the group's standards and doctrines, upholding the ruling of a lower court. The court stated:
Shunning is a practice engaged in by Jehovah's Witnesses pursuant to their interpretation of canonical text, and we are not free to reinterpret that text. ... We find the practice of shunning not to constitute a sufficient threat to the peace, safety, or morality of the community as to warrant state intervention. ... Courts generally do not scrutinize closely the relationship among members (or former members) of a church. Churches are afforded great latitude when they impose discipline on members or former members.
In a review of the case, the 1988 Washington University Law Quarterly remarked:
The Ninth Circuit's extension of the free exercise clause to include a privilege against tort liability is incorrect. ... In most of the free exercise cases decided by the Supreme Court the government has acted against the religious group, either by imposing criminal sanctions for religious conduct or denying members some benefit because of their religious beliefs. In Paul, however, the religious group acted as the aggressor, violating the plaintiff's right to emotional well-being. ... The Paul decision is an unfortunate expansion of a doctrine intended to protect individual rights.
On May 31, 2018, the Supreme Court of Canada issued a 9–0 decision saying courts have no jurisdiction to review membership questions of a religious organization. "In the end, religious groups are free to determine their own membership and rules; courts will not intervene in such matters save where it is necessary to resolve an underlying legal dispute," Justice Malcolm Rowe wrote in the decision.
In 2021, Belgium issued a €12,000 fine to Jehovah's Witnesses for discrimination and inciting hatred against people who left the religion. The fine was initially €96,000 before being reduced. Upon appeal by Jehovah's Witnesses, the fine was acquitted.
In 2022, a court case filed by a disfellowshipped woman was subjected to judicial review by the Supreme Court of Norway. Jehovah's Witnesses were denied funding as a religious community for 2021. A counterlawsuit was launched by Jehovah's Witnesses.
See also
Apostasy (2017 film)
Disconnection (Scientology)
Ostracism
Silent treatment
Church membership council
Criticism of Jehovah's Witnesses
Jehovah's Witnesses practices
References
Beliefs and practices of Jehovah's Witnesses
Church discipline
Disengagement from religion | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jehovah%27s%20Witnesses%20congregational%20discipline |
VSNL International Canada or Tata Communications (Canada) ULC (formerly Teleglobe) is an international telco carrier. The company is a subsidiary of Tata Communications, part of India's Tata Group and based in Montreal, Quebec. Part of their recent work has involved the updating of the CANTAT transatlantic cable system that connects the United Kingdom and Newfoundland under the Atlantic Ocean. The latest version of CANTAT, CANTAT-3, had a capacity of 5 Gbit/s in each direction across the Atlantic.
History
The company was, in 1950, a Canadian federal Crown corporation called Canadian Overseas Telecommunications Corporation (COTC). In 1975 the COTC was renamed Teleglobe Canada. After the 1984 election, Prime Minister Brian Mulroney began the process of privatizing Crown corporations and Teleglobe Canada was one of the target assets.
It was finally sold to a small telecommunications equipment maker Memotec Data Incorporated of Montreal in 1987 and Teleglobe Canada became a unit of its new owners. In 1992, Memotec changed its own name to Teleglobe Canada Incorporated.
In 2000 Teleglobe Inc. was acquired by Bell Canada Enterprises, or BCE, which had already owned 23%. In 2002, BCE terminated its relationship with Teleglobe. BCE is now defending several litigations arising out of its abandonment of the Teleglobe business.
It was then sold to two American buyers, New York City based Cerberus Capital LLP and Philadelphia based Ten-X Capital Partners LLC. Renamed again, it became Teleglobe International Holdings Limited with incorporation in Bermuda and its corporate office in Virginia.
In 2005, it was bought by the Indian industrial giant Tata Group.
During its life as a Crown corporation and as part of Memotec Data, Teleglobe still maintained operations in Canada. Earth stations were located across Canada:
Toronto, Ontario – Eglinton Avenue and Pharmacy Avenue (site owned by Bell); Milner Avenue and Morningside Avenue
Weir, Quebec
Montreal, Quebec
Corner Brook, Newfoundland and Labrador
Port Alberni, British Columbia
Head office was in Montreal and last located at Techno Park. Tata Communications Canada's head office is located at 1555 Rue Carrie-Derick in Montreal.
After the American buyout, the head office was in Reston, Virginia.
In February 2006, the company was renamed to Teleglobe, a VSNL International Company, a unit of VSNL International, then an Indian PSU.
Having lost the monopoly as a long-distance carrier in 1997, Teleglobe is a diversified international telecommunications services with focus in voice, data and IP, and mobile signaling services.
In February 2008, Tata Communications announced that VSNL, VSNL International, Teleglobe, Tata Indicom Enterprise Business Unit and Cipris have been integrated under Tata Communications brand name.
Locations
Tata Canadian locations are:
1959 Upper Water Street (Purdy's Wharf Tower 1), Halifax, Nova Scotia - offices
1555 rue Carrie Derick, Montreal - head office
825 Milner Avenue, Toronto (former earth station for VSNL and Teleglobe)
See also
Tata Communications
Telesat Canada
Bell Canada Enterprises
Tata Group
References
External links
Tata Communications
Bell Canada
Telecommunications companies of Canada
Tata Communications | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VSNL%20International%20Canada |
The Via Julia Augusta (modern Italian Via Giulia Augusta) is the name given to the Roman road formed by the merging of the Via Aemilia Scauri with the Via Postumia.
History
The Via Julia Augusta was begun in 13 BCE by Augustus, and its engineering works were repeatedly renewed by later emperors. The road runs from Placentia (modern Piacenza) to Arelate (modern Arles), initially westward along the edge of the plain of the River Po to Derthona (Tortona), then southward to the Ligurian coast. There it formed a continuous route westward along the precipitous descent of the Ligurian mountains into the sea. This takes it to Vada Sabatia (Vado Ligure) and Albenga. The Via Julia Augusta leaves Albenga at the Porta d'Arroscia, the south gate of the city, and proceeds to Alassio. The route is lined with Roman funerary monuments. The section from Albenga to Alassio is one of the better preserved parts of the Via Julia Augusta.
From there it continues to Ventimiglia and La Turbie. The Col de La Turbie is the highest point of the Via Julia Augusta and the site of the Tropaeum Alpium, a monument built by Augustus to celebrate his victory over the Alpine tribes.
Later it was extended, taking a route away from the coast via the valley of the River Laghet, north of Nice and westward to Arles where it joined the Via Domitia.
By about 420 CE, when Rutilius Namatianus returned to Gaul from Italia, he took ship past the Maritime Alps rather than rely upon the decaying road. In 1764 Tobias Smollett similarly travelled by sea rather than use the seaside tracks, fit only for "mules and foot passengers". Road access was not restored until the time of Napoleon.
In 2006, the French Riviera Community and Ventimiglia cooperated to restore the Via Julia Augusta.
Roman bridges
There are the remains of a number of Roman bridges along the road, including the Pont des Esclapes Pont Flavien; Pontaccio; Ponte dell’Acqua; Ponte delle Fate; Ponte delle Voze; Ponte Lungo; Ponte sul Rio della Torre; Primo Ponte di Val Ponci; Quarto Ponte di Val Ponci and Pontetto.
See also
Roman engineering
References
External links
Giulia Augusta, Via
Giulia Augusta, Via
Augustus | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Via%20Julia%20Augusta |
South by Southwest, abbreviated as SXSW and colloquially referred to as South By, is an annual conglomeration of parallel film, interactive media, and music festivals and conferences organized jointly that take place in mid-March in Austin, Texas, United States. It began in 1987 and has continued growing in both scope and size every year. In 2017, the conference lasted for 10 days with the interactive track lasting for five days, music for seven days, and film for nine days. There was no in-person event in 2020 and 2021 as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic in Austin, Texas; in both years there was a smaller online event instead.
SXSW is run by the company SXSW, LLC, which organizes conferences, trade shows, festivals, and other events. In addition to SXSW, the company runs the conference SXSW Edu and the SXSW Sydney festival (from 2023, in Sydney, Australia), and co-runs North by Northeast in Toronto. It has previously run or co-run the events North by Northwest (1995–2001), West by Southwest (2006–2010), SXSW Eco (2011–2016), SXSW V2V (2013–2015), and the me Convention (2017–2019). In addition, a large number of other events, past and present, sometimes collectively referred to as "four-letter festivals", have been inspired by SXSW.
The Austin Convention Center in Downtown Austin functions as the "hub" of the festival; most events associated with the festival take place at venues in and around Downtown Austin.
In April 2021, Penske Media Corporation purchased a 50% stake in SXSW.
Divisions
Music
SXSW Music is the largest music festival of its kind in the world, with more than 2,000 acts as of 2014. SXSW Music offers artist-provided music and video samples of featured artists at each festival via their official YouTube channel.
The music event has grown from 700 registrants in 1987, the first year of the conference, to over 161,000 attendees in 2018. SXSW Film and SXSW Interactive events have grown every year, bringing over 32,000 registrants to Austin in March 2013.
Bands must cover their own expenses for travel and lodging at the event. All performers are offered a cash payment or a wristband package that allows access to all music events.
Film
SXSW Film Conference spans five days of conference panels and sessions, and welcomes filmmakers of all levels. Programming consists of keynote speakers, panels, workshops, mentor sessions and more, with expert filmmakers and industry leaders.
In 2015, the SXSW Film Conference programmed over 250 sessions with 735 speakers. Past speakers included Jon Favreau, Mark Duplass, Ava DuVernay, Ryan Gosling, Nicolas Cage, Alejandro Jodorowsky, Tilda Swinton, Amy Schumer, Sally Field, Joss Whedon, Christine Vachon, RZA, Matthew McConaughey, Danny Boyle, Seth MacFarlane, Catherine Hardwicke, Richard Linklater, David Gordon Green, Harmony Korine, Henry Rollins, Sarah Green and Robert Rodriguez.
Although the film festival highlights independently produced films and emerging directing talent with unique visions, the festival has long served studios as a barometer for their comedies, with enthusiastic fans indicating how they might play in wide release.
The SXSW Film Festival runs nine days, simultaneously with the SXSW Film Conference, and celebrates raw innovation and emerging talent both behind and in front of the camera. Festival programming categories include: Special Events, Headliners, Narrative Spotlight, Documentary Spotlight, Narrative Competition, Documentary Competition, Visions, Midnighters, 24 Beats Per Second, SXGlobal, Episodic, Festival Favorites, and Short Film Programs. The SXSW Film Awards, which occur on the last day of the Film Conference, honor films selected by the Feature and Short Film Juries.
In 2015, the SXSW Film Festival programmed 150 feature films and 106 short films, selected from 7,361 submissions. Past world premieres included Furious 7, Neighbors, Chef, 21 Jump Street, The Cabin in the Woods, Dance of the Dead, Bridesmaids and Insidious, and the TV series Girls, Silicon Valley, and Penny Dreadful.
Interactive
SXSW Interactive focuses on emerging technology. The festival includes a trade show, speakers, parties, and a startup accelerator.
History
Inauguration in the 1980s
In July 1986, the organizers of the New York City music festival New Music Seminar contacted Roland Swenson, a staffer at the alternative weekly The Austin Chronicle, to talk about organizing an extension of that festival into Austin. They thereafter announced they were going to hold a "New Music Seminar Southwest". The plans did not materialize, however, so Swenson decided to instead co-organize a local music festival, with the help of two other people at the Chronicle: editor and co-founder Louis Black, and publisher Nick Barbaro. Louis Meyers, a booking agent and musician, was also brought on board. Black came up with the name, as a play on the name of the Alfred Hitchcock film North by Northwest. (While Southwest by South is an actual point on a compass, South by Southwest is not.)
The event was first held in March 1987. The organizers considered it a regional event and expected around 150 attendees to show up, but over 700 came, and according to Black "it was national almost immediately." Meyers left Austin and the festival in the early 1990s, but Black, Barbaro and Swenson remained the festival's key organizers as of 2010.
1990s
Singer-songwriter Michelle Shocked was the keynote speaker at the 1992 South by Southwest. She caused controversy by delivering a speech, written by her then-husband Bart Bull, criticizing white musicians for stealing music from African American artists; and then later during the same conference when she tried to kick the band Two Nice Girls off of a benefit concert, a move that some called anti-gay, due to Two Nice Girls' overtly lesbian image.
In 1993, SXSW moved into the Austin Convention Center, where it is still held.
In 1994, SXSW added a component for film and other media, named the "SXSW Film and Multimedia Conference". Johnny Cash was the keynote speaker.
That year, the three brothers of the band Hanson were brought to SXSW by their father in order to perform impromptu auditions for music executives, in the hopes of getting industry attention. Among the people who heard them was A&R executive Christopher Sabec, who became their manager, and would soon afterward get them signed to Mercury Records.
In 1995, the SXSW Film and Multimedia Conference was split into two separate events, "SXSW Film" and "SXSW Multimedia". In 1999, SXSW Multimedia was renamed "SXSW Interactive".
2000s
Singer-songwriter John Mayer's performance at the 2000 SXSW Music festival led to his signing soon thereafter with Aware Records, his first record label.
A performance by the band The Polyphonic Spree at the 2002 SXSW Music festival helped bring them to national attention before they had signed with a major label.
At the 2002 SXSW Film Festival, the film Manito won the jury award for narrative feature, while the documentary Spellbound won the jury award for documentary feature.
British singer James Blunt was discovered by producer Linda Perry while playing a small show at the 2004 SXSW Music festival, and was signed to Perry's Custard Records soon thereafter, where he would go on to release all three of his subsequent albums.
The 2005 SXSW Film is considered by some to be the origin of the mumblecore film genre. A number of films now classified as mumblecore, including The Puffy Chair, Kissing on the Mouth, Four Eyed Monsters and Mutual Appreciation, were screened, and Eric Masunaga, a musician and the sound editor on Mutual Appreciation, is credited with coining the term "mumblecore" at a bar while at the festival.
The film Hooligans won both the Feature Film Jury Award and the Feature Film Audience Award for narrative feature, while The Puffy Chair won the Feature Film Audience Award in the "Emerging Visions" category. The documentary film Cowboy del Amor won the SXSW Competition Award and the Audience Award.
A secret concert at the 2006 SXSW Music by the band The Flaming Lips was called one of the "Top 10 Music-Festival Moments" of all time by Time magazine in 2010.
The 2006 SXSW Interactive featured a keynote panel of Wikipedia co-founder Jimmy Wales and Craigslist founder Craig Newmark.
That year, "Screenburn at SXSW", a component for video games, was added to SXSW Interactive.
2007
The 2007 music festival took place from March 14 to 18, and more than 1,400 acts performed. Two of the top film premieres that year were Elvis and Anabelle and Skills Like This.
The social media platform Twitter notably gained a good deal of early traction and buzz at the 2007 SXSW Interactive, though it did not launch at SXSW 2007 as is sometimes reported.
2008
The 2008 SXSW Interactive got media attention due to a keynote interview of Facebook CEO Mark Zuckerberg by technology journalist Sarah Lacy that was considered by some observers to be a "train wreck" due to an audience perception that Lacy was asking uninteresting questions, as well as mocking or terse answers in response from Zuckerberg.
In 2008, a comedy element was added to SXSW; it was held for one night. (By 2012, comedy performances occurred on all nights of the festival.)
2009
The 2009 festival was held March 13–22. The Interactive section of SXSW in particular drew larger attendance levels; the influx strained the networks of providers such as AT&T (primarily due to heavy iPhone usage). Also new was the founding of an international organization for those not attending, dubbed NotAtSXSW. Coordinating through Twitter and other online tools, notatsxsw events were held in London, New York, Wisconsin, Portland, Oregon and Miami.
The 2009 SXSW Interactive saw the launch of the Foursquare application, which was called "the breakout mobile app" of the event by the Mashable blog.
In 2009 the first Indian classical music artists performed at SXSW: Canadians Cassius Khan and Amika Kushwaha.
The 2009 SXSW Film screened 250 films, including 54 world premieres. The event was notable for having the United States premiere of the film The Hurt Locker, which went on to win the Academy Award for Best Picture in 2010. The winners of the feature jury awards were, for documentary feature, 45365, and for narrative feature, Made in China.
2010s
2010
The 2010 music festival, which took place March 12–21, was dedicated to Alex Chilton, who died shortly before he was to perform with Big Star. A tribute concert was performed in his honor on March 20, 2010.
At the 2010 festival, nearly 2,000 bands were officially scheduled to perform, and festival reps estimated that over 13,000 industry representatives attended. Though traditionally the Austin Music Awards kick off the festival, that year organizers slated it as the closing act. Local musician Bob Schneider earned 6 awards, including Song of the Year, Singer of the Year, and Band of the Year (with Lonelyland.) The 2010 festival was also notable for appearances by the surviving members of the band Moby Grape.
At the 2010 Film festival, Magnolia Pictures bought the film rights to the science-fiction film Monsters on the night it screened, in what was the first-ever "overnight acquisition" at SXSW. Journalist Meredith Melnick of Time magazine called this purchase a turning point for SXSW, leading to a greater interest among film studio executives in attending the festival in person. That year also saw the premiere of the indie favorite Tiny Furniture, which won the award for Best Narrative Feature.
The 2010 Interactive festival had an estimated 12–13,000 paying attendees, which represented a 40% jump over the previous year. This was the first year in which the interactive festival's attendance surpassed the music festival's. The keynote presentation was an interview of then-Twitter CEO Evan Williams by Umair Haque, an interview that many in the audience found disappointingly superficial. Also during the interactive festival, the first-ever (and so far only) "Hive Awards For the Unsung Heroes of the Internet" were held.
2011
The 2011 SXSW festival ran from March 11 to 20.
The keynote presenter for SXSW Interactive was Seth Priebatsch, founder and CEO of the mobile-gaming platform SCVNGR. The 2011 Interactive festival was by far the largest it had ever been, with an estimated 20,000 attendees.
Also in attendance at SXSW was boxing legend Mike Tyson, promoting his new iPhone game with RockLive at the Screenburn Arcade.
At least two films screened at the SXSW Film festival gained distribution deals: the documentary Undefeated (which went on to win the Academy Award for Best Documentary Feature) and the thriller The Divide. As a result, film critic Christopher Kelly wrote that in 2011, SXSW Film went from being "a well-regarded but fundamentally regional event" to having "joined the big leagues of film festivals around the world." That festival was also notable for having the premiere of the film Bridesmaids.
The March 15 screening of the Foo Fighters documentary Back and Forth was followed by a surprise live performance by the band itself, with a setlist that included the entirety of the then-upcoming album Wasting Light.
2012
SXSW 2012 ran from March 9 to 18.
The standout technology of the 2012 SXSW Interactive was generally stated to be "social discovery" mobile apps, which let users locate other nearby users. Social discovery apps that had a presence at SXSW included Highlight, Glancee, Sonar and Kismet.
SXSW Film saw the premiere of two major Hollywood films: The Cabin in the Woods and 21 Jump Street. Two films obtained distribution deals: Girls Against Boys and The Tall Man. Another film, Gimme the Loot, which won the SXSW Narrative Feature Grand Jury Prize, got a distribution deal a week after the festival. Bay of All Saints received the Audience Award for Best Feature Documentary.
2012 was also the first year the music portion was expanded to Tuesday. The musical festival included rappers such as Talib Kweli and Lil' Wayne, along with surprise appearances by Big Sean and Kanye West; indie bands that appeared included MENEW and The Shins. Bruce Springsteen was the keynote speaker for the music festival.
2013
SXSW 2013 ran from March 8 to 17.
The big-budget films The Incredible Burt Wonderstone and Evil Dead premiered at the 2013 SXSW Film, and Spring Breakers had its U.S. premiere. The film Short Term 12 won the grand jury award for Best Narrative Feature. The films Awful Nice, Cheap Thrills, and Haunter received distribution deals, and Drinking Buddies obtained a distribution deal several days later.
The 2013 SXSW Interactive saw another huge jump in registration, now with 30,621 paying attendees. This was over three times the number that had attended in 2008 (9,000), just five years previously. The keynote talk for the 2013 SXSW Interactive was given by SpaceX CEO Elon Musk. The "Screenburn" and "Arcade" components were renamed to "SXSW Gaming" and "SXSW Gaming Expo", respectively. The Interactive conference had an increased corporate presence, featuring major participation by Samsung, 3M, Target, American Airlines, Adobe Systems and AT&T, among others. According to CNN, CBS and CNET called Grumpy Cat the undisputed "biggest star" of SXSW Interactive over Musk, Al Gore and Neil Gaiman.
2014
SXSW 2014 ran from March 7 to 16.
SXSW Film had premieres of the big-budget films Neighbors, Veronica Mars and Chef, and Cesar Chavez had its North American premiere. A clip for the big-budget film Godzilla was also screened. The films Space Station 76 and Exists got distribution deals at the festival, while Fort Tilden (which won the Narrative Feature Grand Jury Prize) and Open Windows got distribution deals shortly afterward.
A new section, "Episodic" (on television programming), was introduced to SXSW Film. Television series that previewed at the festival include Silicon Valley and From Dusk till Dawn: The Series. The talk show Jimmy Kimmel Live! was taped for a week at the festival; it joined the talk show Watch What Happens: Live, which began taping at SXSW in 2013.
SXSW Interactive featured a keynote speech by NSA leaker Edward Snowden, via streaming video, about privacy rights. The festival also featured a talk from another famous leaker, Julian Assange, also speaking remotely. Besides privacy issues, another major focus of the Interactive festival was wearable technology, including devices for augmented reality, activity tracking, identity authentication, charging cell phones and others. Computerworld magazine called the Oculus Rift, a virtual reality gaming headset, the "sleeper hit" of the festival, although it was displayed not at the Interactive but at the Film portion, as part of a Game of Thrones exhibit. The SXSW Gaming section introduced its SXSW Gaming Awards to recognize achievement in video and other types of gaming, which has continued through future SXSW festivals.
The keynote presenter and headline act this year for Stubb's was Lady Gaga. To promote her upcoming album, Food, Kelis cooked and served barbecue-style food from a food truck to festival attendees.
On March 13, 2014, a drunk driver, Rashad Charjuan Owens, drove his car into a crowd of festival attendees while trying to evade a traffic stop. Two people were killed immediately, another two died later from their injuries and another 21 were injured but survived. Owens was convicted of capital murder charges after a November 2015 trial in which eyewitnesses testified that about "a chaotic and harrowing scene" on the night, as hundreds of people ran and screamed as the car sped through crowds of people. Owens was given an automatic sentence of life imprisonment without the possibility of parole.
On March 15, 2014, rapper Tyler, the Creator was arrested on misdemeanor charges of "inciting to riot" after yelling to fans to push their way past security guards at a sold-out show the previous day. In February 2016, the riot charges were dropped against Tyler, The Creator pursuant to a plea agreement with prosecutors (under which the rapper pleaded guilty to the lesser offense of disorderly conduct and paid a $100 fine, with the case to be dismissed if he stays out of trouble for three months). His mugshot later gained notoriety as an internet meme.
2015
SXSW 2015 took place from March 13 to 22.
SXSW Film screened 145 feature films, an all-time high for the festival. The big-budget films Furious 7 (which was a last-minute addition to the lineup), Get Hard, Spy, a rough cut of Trainwreck, Moonwalkers and The Final Girls had their world premieres, as did the documentaries Danny Says, Steve Jobs: The Man in the Machine and Brand: A Second Coming. Ex Machina had its North American premiere. 6 Years, Manson Family Vacation and Steve Jobs: The Man in the Machine all got distribution deals at the festival.
The 2015 festival hosted the swearing-in ceremony of Michelle K. Lee as the new head of the United States Patent and Trademark Office (USPTO). Secretary of Commerce Penny Pritzker administered the oath of office to Lee at the festival on Friday, March 13.
Various sources called Meerkat, an iOS app that had launched two weeks earlier that lets users livestream video via Twitter, the breakout technology of SXSW Interactive. Another product that got significant buzz was a prototype of the roadable aircraft AeroMobil.
2016
SXSW 2016 began on March 11 and ended on March 20.
On March 11, President Barack Obama gave a speech at SXSW Interactive in which he called on the technology industry to help solve many of America's problems, such as upgrading outdated networks, helping balance security and privacy, and the FBI–Apple encryption dispute.
Films that premiered at SXSW Film include Everybody Wants Some!!, Keanu, Sausage Party, Pee-wee's Big Holiday and Don't Think Twice.
On the night of March 20, gunshots rang out on 6th Street causing mass hysteria and panic. No injuries were reported and a man from Memphis was arrested with discharging a firearm and disturbing the peace.
2017
Films that premiered at SXSW Film include Song to Song, Baby Driver, Atomic Blonde, Gemini, The Ballad of Lefty Brown. Spettacolo and The Disaster Artist. Television series that previewed include The Son, Dear White People and American Gods. To promote the Hulu original series The Handmaid's Tale, dozens of actresses silently walked the streets of downtown Austin costumed in red "handmaid" dresses. To promote the third season of the AMC original series Better Call Saul (a spin-off prequel of Breaking Bad), a pop-up "Los Pollos Hermanos" restaurant, representing the fictional fast food chain featured in both series, appeared in downtown Austin.
Guest speakers included former mayor of Newark, NJ and current Senator Cory Booker (D-New Jersey), political activist and commentator Van Jones and former Vice President Joe Biden, who spoke about his cancer research initiative. Nile Rodgers gave the keynote address for the music portion of the festival, while filmmakers Gareth Edwards and Lee Daniels gave the keynote presentations for the film portion.
Major companies and brands which exhibited at SXSW (many with standalone "brand activation" pavilions) included IBM, Intel, Panasonic, Nintendo, GE, Giorgio Armani, Mazda and National Geographic.
Major performers during the music component of the festival included Garth Brooks, Lana Del Rey, Lil Yachty, The Roots, The Avett Brothers, Willie Nelson, Solange Knowles, Rae Sremmurd, Cardiel, Migos, and The Chainsmokers, among others.
En route to SXSW 2017, Italian post-punk band Soviet Soviet, traveling on the Visa Waiver Program, was denied entry to the United States, detained overnight and deported after an immigration officer at Seattle–Tacoma International Airport claimed they were planning on conducting a paid performance, which would have required a work visa. The band presented a letter from their American record label stating that both their performances at KEXP (which was what had brought the band to Seattle) and at SXSW were for promotional purposes only, but this failed to convince officials at the airport. There was a "Contrabanned" showcase on March 17, featuring various artists and musicians (residents of the U.S. and Canada) who are natives of, or have family connections to, countries affected by the 2017 U.S. travel ban.
Uber and Lyft were not available to attendees because they had pulled out of Austin in May 2016 as a result of a city ordinance mandating fingerprint-based background checks for drivers of any ridesharing company. However, other services such as (locally based) RideAustin, Fasten and Fare, were available, although in high demand. Uber and Lyft resumed service in Austin in May 2017.
2018
SXSW 2018 ran from March 9 to 18.
Finalists of the 2018 SXSW Accelerator Pitch Event included Cambridge Cancer Genomics and Bluefield Technologies. Two winners of the event were Austin-based: GrubTubs (in the Hyper-Connected Communities category) and ICON 3D (in the Social and Culture category).
Guest speakers included politicians Bernie Sanders, Arnold Schwarzenegger and Sadiq Khan; journalists Christiane Amanpour and Ta-Nehisi Coates; filmmakers Barry Jenkins, Darren Aronofsky and Steven Spielberg; and others including Elon Musk and David Banner. Actor and comedian Bill Murray appeared at several unofficial functions during SXSW.
Major performers during SXSW Music included Tinashe, Rae Sremmurd, Rita Coolidge, Salt-N-Pepa and Khalid. There was an apparent increased emphasis on locally based performers, international acts and relative unknowns.
New games announced during the 2018 SXSW Gaming Expo included Sonic Mania Plus. At the SXSW Gaming Awards (held March 17), the award for Game of the Year went to The Legend of Zelda: Breath of the Wild.
Films that premiered at the 2018 South By Southwest Film Festival include A Quiet Place, Blockers, Ready Player One and the documentary feature and winner of a Special Jury Prize, Garry Winogrand: All Things Are Photographable. Films that had their U.S. premiere include Final Portrait and Who We Are Now. The film Thunder Road won the grand jury prize. TV series that previewed include Barry, Krypton, The Last O.G. and Cloak & Dagger. To promote the second season of the HBO series Westworld, a recreation of the show's fictional Western "town" of Sweetwater was built on two acres of open land just outside Austin. Fans took shuttles to the site, which was dressed in the Old West style, with over 60 actors playing the parts of the android "hosts".
SXSW 2018 coincided with a string of bombings in Austin, which had begun on March 2 and ended on March 21, when the presumed perpetrator, Mark Anthony Conditt, blew himself up after being discovered by police. Two of the bombings occurred during SXSW. On March 17, Live Nation Music, a company organizing events for SXSW, received a bomb threat via email. Police searched the area mentioned in the email and found nothing of concern, but planned performances by The Roots and Ludacris, among others, were canceled. Police arrested 26-year-old Trevor Weldon Ingram the next day; Ingram was charged with making a terroristic threat, a third-degree felony, in connection with the email.
2019
South by Southwest 2019 ran from March 8 to 17.
Films entered at SXSW Film included Us, The Beach Bum, Long Shot, Booksmart and The Highwaymen. TV series that previewed included FX's What We Do in the Shadows, Hulu's Shrill and OWN's David Makes Man.
At the SXSW Gaming Awards (held March 16), the award for Game of the Year went to God of War.
Major performers for SXSW Music included Edie Brickell & New Bohemians (their first-ever appearance at SXSW).
Winners of the 2019 SXSW Pitch event, in which emerging startups pitch to potential investors, included Derq, Pathway and ENZO Tyres. The “Best In Show" winner was Nebula Genomics; the “Best Bootstrap" award went to TwentyTables and the “Best Speed Pitch” went to Xplosion Tech.
Some of the first forums of the 2020 presidential race took place at SXSW, with Democratic presidential candidates Pete Buttigieg, Julian Castro, John Delaney, Tulsi Gabbard, John Hickenlooper, Jay Inslee, Amy Klobuchar, Beto O'Rourke, Elizabeth Warren and Andrew Yang all making appearances at the festival (though some had not yet announced their candidacy at the time). Other scheduled guest speakers included politicians Mazie Hirono and Alexandria Ocasio-Cortez; musicians David Byrne and Wyclef Jean; actors and comedians Aidy Bryant, Kathy Griffin, Ethan Hawke, Trevor Noah and Zoe Saldana; businesspeople Tim Ferriss, Jeffrey Katzenberg and Guy Kawasaki; and others including Priscilla Chan, Neil Gaiman, Valerie Jarrett, Michael Mignano, Bill Nye, Dawn Ostroff, Robert Rodriguez and Maria Shriver.
To promote the final season of Game of Thrones, HBO organized a blood drive with the American Red Cross titled "Bleed for the Throne" which included actors in costumes similar to those on the series.
To promote the Amazon Prime original limited series Good Omens, a brand activation experience called "Garden of Earthly Delights" was installed in downtown Austin.
2020s
2020
South by Southwest 2020 was scheduled to run from March 13 to 22, but was officially canceled on March 6 due to the COVID-19 pandemic in Austin, Texas, the result of an order by the city of Austin. The city's Mayor Steve Adler announced the cancellation of the 2020 SXSW and also declared a local disaster area.
In the month prior to the conference, SXSW organizers had resisted calls to cancel the conference. On February 28, a spokesperson said:
However, in the run up to the conference, numerous companies and organizations canceled their SXSW attendance, including Twitter, Facebook, Vevo, Intel, Mashable, Universal Music Group, Amazon, Entertainment Weekly, TikTok, SAP, Netflix, Apple, Indeed, WarnerMedia, The Washington Post, and IBM. Additionally, many individual attendees, headliners and speakers had decided not to attend, including keynote speaker Tim Ferriss and artists such as the Beastie Boys, Ozzy Osbourne and Trent Reznor.
An online petition called for SXSW 2020 to be canceled due to health concerns; by the time of the cancellation, it exceeded 50,000 signatures.
SXSW organizers said that they were "devastated" by the cancellation, stating that, The show must go on' is in our DNA." They wrote that they were attempting to reschedule the event, and were at the same time working to create an online SXSW for 2020.
SXSW co-founder Nick Barbaro said the organization did not have cancellation insurance relating to a disease pandemic or triggered by the city declaring a “local state of disaster.”
Various unofficial SXSW events, as well as “alternative” SXSW events, did occur, in an attempt to help local workers and businesses who would be hurt most by the cancellation. The Austin Community Foundation also launched a "Stand with Austin Fund" for donations to "individuals and small businesses most negatively impacted by the cancellation of SXSW and least able to recover on their own."
On March 13, 2020, festival organizers announced that they would proceed with juried and special awards, with judges viewing submissions online. On March 24, the winners of the 2020 SXSW Gaming Awards were announced on the SXSW website, and the honorees recorded acceptance messages for the SXSW YouTube channel and website. Sekiro: Shadows Die Twice was awarded Video Game of the Year.
On April 2, SXSW announced a joint venture with Amazon Prime Video to launch a film festival collection. Filmmakers scheduled to screen films at SXSW were given the option to have their films play exclusively, and for free, on Prime Video in the U.S. for a 10-day "virtual film festival".
In May, SXSW organizers announced "SXSW Sessions Online," a weekly series of online discussions to run through June, with some of the previously announced guest speakers; each video session was streamed online with Q&A portions made available initially to those originally registered for the festival. All sessions were posted afterwards on the SXSW YouTube channel.
2021
Using a combination of technologies from Brightcove for B2C, and Shift72 for B2B, SXSW ran a virtual event from March 16 to 20.
Films and miniseries that premiered at SXSW include Demi Lovato: Dancing with the Devil, Hysterical, Jakob's Wife, Violet, Dear Mr. Brody, Here Before, The Fallout, The Lost Sons, Introducing, Selma Blair, Lily Topples the World, Not Going Quietly, The Return: Life After ISIS, Fruits of Labor and United States vs. Reality Winner.
Featured speakers included Samantha Bee, Richard Branson, Chiquis Rivera, Tim Ellis, Laurieann Gibson, Taraji P. Henson, Rana el Kaliouby, Matthew McConaughey, Adriene Mishler, and Alexi Pappas. Keynote addresses were given by Stacey Abrams, Pete Buttigieg and Willie Nelson.
2022
South by Southwest 2022 ran from March 11 to 20. The SXSW Conference & Festivals and SXSW EDU drew total participation totaling approximately 278,681.
Organizers of SXSW planned for a hybrid event (in-person with online viewing and participation options); all registered in-person participants and attendees were required to provide proof of full vaccination against COVID-19, or a recent negative COVID-19 test, as a condition of receiving their badge. All on-site SXSW staff and volunteers also needed proof of vaccination. Masks were required in several critical indoor spaces (including areas for registration and exhibitions), physical distancing strongly recommended whenever possible, and hand sanitizing stations provided throughout the conference and exhibition venues. The Austin Convention Center, along with other event venues, upgraded air filtration and increased the cleaning and sanitizing frequency of high touch surfaces, including using UV light technology. Overall the event was slightly smaller than in previous (in-person) years with the core downtown area not quite as crowded (and therefore easier and faster to get around) and a smaller number of musical artists and overall content; significantly fewer major celebrities (especially musical acts) appeared than in previous years, although the film component seemed to celebrate a strong comeback after two years of virtual festivals.
Films that premiered at SXSW Film were Everything Everywhere All at Once, The Lost City, The Unbearable Weight of Massive Talent, Bodies Bodies Bodies, X, Apollo 10 1⁄2: A Space Age Childhood, I Love My Dad, Master of Light (winner of the documentary competition), and What We Leave Behind (winner of the Louis Black "Lone Star" and Fandor New Voices Awards). TV series previewed include WeCrashed (Apple TV+), the third season of FX's Atlanta, Halo (Paramount+), and The Last Movie Stars (CNN+).
At the SXSW Gaming Awards (held March 12), the award for Game of the Year went to Final Fantasy XIV: Endwalker (Square Enix); it also took home awards for Excellence in Narrative and Excellence in Original Score. (2022 would be the final year to date for the SXSW Gaming Awards; the event would not be held in 2023.)
Major performers for SXSW Music included Ashanti, Dolly Parton (her first time at SXSW; the appearance was to promote Run, Rose, Run, her new album (and companion novel written in collaboration with James Patterson)), Shawn Mendes, Beck (who was also a keynote speaker) and Oleksandra "Sasha" Zaritska, the frontperson of Ukrainian band KAZKA, who planned to make their U.S. debut at SXSW, but the other two members were drafted into military service due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. Zaritska performed as part of a special "Austin Stands With Ukraine" musical showcase.
Winners of the 2022 SXSW Pitch event, in which emerging startups pitch to potential investors, included Syrup Tech, Anthill, and Sonavi Labs. The “Best In Show" winner was Hilos, the “Best Bootstrap" award went to Kiro Action, and the “Best One-Minute Speed Pitch” went to Unpacking.
Major organizations and brands which exhibited at SXSW (many with standalone "brand activation" pavilions) included Porsche, the University of Arizona, Amazon Prime Video (including a promotion for Lizzo's reality competition series, Watch Out for the Big Grrrls), Peacock, Paramount+, and several galleries devoted to NFTs, including the Doodles project, co-created by artist Evan Keast.
Promoting its new Halo series (based on the video game franchise), Paramount+ deployed a swarm of 400 purple-lighted drones in the nighttime skies above Austin, spelling out a scannable QR code as well as “#HaloTheSeries Streams Mar 24” and the Paramount+ logo.
Keynote speakers included Grammy Award-winning artists Lizzo and Beck; author Neal Stephenson, and producer/director Celine Tricart.
2023
SXSW 2023 occurred March 10–19 in Austin. The SXSW Conference & Festivals and SXSW EDU drew total participation totaling approximately 345,066.
Films premiered at the festival include Angel Applicant (which won the Documentary Feature Competition), Bottoms, Dungeons & Dragons: Honor Among Thieves, Evil Dead Rise, I Used To Be Funny, The Wrath of Becky, Late Night With the Devil, Problemista,Tetris, Talk to Me, Aberrance, Brooklyn 45, It Lives Inside, Monolith, Raging Grace (which won the Narrative Feature Competition), Deadland and Bloody Hell. TV series that premiered included Grown (which took the TV Pilot Competition award) and Mrs. Davis.
In what was reported as a "surprise" announcement, John Wick 4 made its US premiere at SXSW on March 13; star Keanu Reeves participated in a live Q&A session immediately after the screening. Hypnotic, an action thriller starring Ben Affleck and directed by Robert Rodriguez, was given a "work in progress" preview screening on March 12. In another surprise screening to close out the film portion of SXSW, Affleck premiered Air, the biographical drama he directed about the creation of the Nike Air Jordan shoes (starring himself, Viola Davis and Matt Damon), on March 18.
Winners of the 2023 SXSW Pitch event (held March 11–12 at the Hilton Austin Downtown), in which emerging startups pitch to potential investors, included Reality Defender, Reach Pathways and Urban Machine. The “Best In Show" winner was PentoPix, the “Best Bootstrap" award went to AMA — Environmental Agents and the “Best Speed Pitch” went to LeadrPro. 13 out of the 40 startups participating in SXSW Pitch were from outside the USA.
Veteran broadcast journalist Dan Rather was the tenth inductee into the SXSW Hall of Fame; he addressed the attendees at the induction event on March 13. Rather joined previous inductees including Kara Swisher, Baratunde Thurston and Jeffrey Zeldman.
Austin-based tech entrepreneur Whurley delivered a 45-minute presentation completely generated with the help of generative AI tools ChatGPT and Midjourney.
Major performers for SXSW Music included New Order (the members of whom also participated in a keynote on March 15), Jeff Tweedy (of Wilco), Austin-based band Porcelain, New York City-based rock/soul quintet SUSU, rap artist Armani White and Michigander.
The Union of Musicians and Allied Workers (UMAW) held a rally at the Austin Convention Center on March 16, demanding increased compensation for the majority of the over 1,400 musical acts (the majority of them independent and relatively unknown musicians and bands, as opposed to more famous/established artists) contracted to appear at SXSW. Artists and bands are generally expected to cover many of their own expenses (including travel to Austin) while performing at the festival; other music festivals around the country offer more generous compensation, including lodging assistance. UMAW's demands include raising compensation, waiving application fees; SXSW representatives said they would review the compensation guidelines/policies after the festival.
Keynote speakers included José Andrés, Priyanka Chopra Jonas, Tilda Swinton, and the members of the band New Order.
A new spinoff event, SXSW Sydney, was held for the first time from October 15 to 22, 2023 in Sydney, Australia.
Economic impact
SXSW is the highest revenue-producing event outside of athletic and other events associated with The University of Texas at Austin for the Austin economy, with an estimated economic impact of $190.3 million in 2012 increasing to $218 million in 2013, $315 million in 2014, $317 million in 2015, and $325 million in 2016. In 2022, when SXSW resumed in-person events after the COVID-19 pandemic, the festival brought an estimated $280 million to the local economy, a 21% reduction from the 2019 economic impact of nearly $356 million (a record number). (In comparison, Super Bowl LI brought a $347 million economic impact to the Houston economy and the 2017 Final Four brought a $324 million economic impact to the economy of Phoenix, Arizona.)
Additionally, demand for hotel rooms in the Austin area continued to outstrip supply, pushing average nightly room rates up to an all-time high of $350 in 2016, a 60 percent increase over the average room rate seen during 2011's edition of SXSW. The average SXSW registrant also stayed in Austin longer in 2016, spending an average of 5.2 nights, up from 4.9 nights in 2015.
Criticism
The growth of the festival has brought concerns about violence, crowd control, and safety.
The 2014 drunk-driving incident prompted discussion about whether the festival had grown too large and raucous. The organizers of the festival—SXSW Holdings LLC and SXSW Holdings Inc.—were sued by families of the four victims.
In May 2014, partially motivated by the 2014 crash, Austin's Urban Transportation Commission announced that it was seeking to enhance safety at the festival, with an initial focus on implementing transportation measures to resolve issues linked to the festival. The Austin Music Commission also met to discuss music venues and sound problems linked to the festival. The city voted to limit the number of special events which would be approved to 114, a 32 percent decrease from the number of approved events during the 2014 festival.
In 2013, NPR writer Andrea Swensson wrote that she had decided to stop attending the festival, writing, "I can't help but feel that it has strayed far away from its original premise as a grassroots gathering place for new, undiscovered talent and increasingly feels like a big ol' Times Square billboard-sized commercial."
In October 2015, SXSW cancelled two video game panels ("#SavePoint: A Discussion on the Gaming Community" and "Level Up: Overcoming Harassment In Games") scheduled for the 2016 festival due to threats of violence made to the festival hosting the sessions. In response to the cancellations, BuzzFeed and Vox Media made statements saying they would pull out of the festival if the two panels weren't reinstated. Organizers then apologized for the cancellations. In lieu of a panel, South by Southwest hosted a daylong "online harassment summit" on March 12, 2016.
Elements of the United States Intelligence Community including the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI), National Geospatial-Intelligence Agency (NGA), National Reconnaissance Office (NRO) and Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) have presented panels at the event and recruit talent. In 2023, plans for CIA panels were met with derision over the agency's association with Operation Condor.
In popular culture
Comedian and actor Fred Armisen began his comic career with the short film Fred Armisen's Guide to Music and SXSW, released in 1998, in which he poses as various characters, asking silly questions of musicians and other attendees at that year's SXSW Music Conference.
SXSW was featured during the 2005 season of MTV's The Real World. Cast members were tasked with shooting and editing their own documentary on the music festival.
Comedy duo and band Flight of the Conchords performed at the 2006 SXSW Music Festival, during which time they also recorded a documentary titled Flight of the Conchords: A Texan Odyssey, which aired on New Zealand's TV3 in late 2006.
The 2011 documentary Winning America is about a US tour of Canadian band Said the Whale that culminates in that year's SXSW Music Festival.
SXSW was featured during the season 9 premiere of Anthony Bourdain: No Reservations. The episode aired in 2012.
In the 2014 British film Frank, an experimental band (led by the title character) is booked to play a show at the SXSW Music Festival, but the gig leads to the band's breakup.
In the 2019 anime Carole & Tuesday, the titular duo is booked to perform at the SXSW Music Festival in Mars.
Spinoff festivals
In addition to the three main South by Southwest festivals, the company runs other conferences: SXSW EDU, a conference on educational innovation, held in Austin, and the upcoming SXSW Sydney, to be held in October 2023 in Sydney, Australia.
The creators of South by Southwest co-created two similar festivals in 1995: North by Northwest (NXNW) in Portland, Oregon (co-founded by the Willamette Week), and North by Northeast (NXNE) in Toronto (co-founded by Now). North by Northwest ended in 2001, and was replaced by MusicfestNW (MFNW), an event run entirely by the Willamette Week.
From 2006 to 2010, organizers ran West by Southwest (WXSW) in Tucson, Arizona, a music festival which occurred directly before South by Southwest and mostly featured bands that were also booked for SXSW.
Other former conferences run by the SXSW organization include:
SXSW Eco, a conference focusing on social and environmental issues through the lens of technology, creativity and design held in Austin from 2011 to 2016
SXSW V2V, a conference focused on innovative startups, held in Las Vegas from 2013 to 2015
The me Convention, held in Frankfurt, Germany and in Stockholm, Sweden, in collaboration with Mercedes-Benz, from 2017 to 2019
Similar festivals
Festivals inspired by SXSW include:
Web Summit – Lisbon, Portugal
Live at Heart – Örebro, Sweden
So What?! Music Fest (originally "South by So What?!") – Dallas–Fort Worth Metroplex
The Great Escape Festival – Brighton, England
XOXO – Portland, Oregon
North to Shore - New Jersey. Held in the three New Jersey cities of Asbury Park, Newark and Atlantic City.
Festivals inspired by SXSW that are defunct include:
35 Denton (originally "North by 35" or "NX35", then "35 Conferette") – Denton, Texas (2009–2016)
C2SV (originally "SVSX") – San Jose, California (2012–2016)
The Goa Project – Goa, India (2013-2018)
Incubate (originally "ZXZW") – Tilburg, Netherlands (2005–2016)
MidPoint Music Festival (MPMF) – Cincinnati, Ohio (2001–2017)
MoSo – Saskatoon, Canada (2011–2016)
MusicfestNW (MFNW) - Portland, Oregon (2001-2018)
North by North Western (NXNW) - Wigan, England (2007-2009)
Sounds by South Bend (originally "South by South Bend") – South Bend, Indiana (2013–2015)
South by Due East – Houston, Texas (2003-2019)
Tech Open Air (TOA) – Berlin (2012-2020)
TechfestNW (TFNW), a sister conference to MusicFestNW - Portland, Oregon (2012-2021)
Yes and Yes Yes (YXYY) (originally "Yes by Yes Yes") – Palm Springs, California (2013–2017)
Festivals inspired by South by Southwest have been collectively nicknamed "four-letter festivals". Metro Silicon Valley, which founded C2SV, wrote in 2013 that such festivals were important revenue sources for the alternative weekly newspapers that founded them.
On October 3, 2016, a one-day festival called "South by South Lawn" (SXSL) was held at the White House as a collaboration between SXSW, US President Barack Obama, and the American Film Institute.
References
External links
Conferences in the United States
Film festivals in Austin, Texas
Annual events in Texas
Music festivals in Austin, Texas
March events
Music conferences
Electronic music festivals in the United States
Rock festivals in the United States
Computer conferences
Technology conferences
Music festivals established in 1987
Film festivals established in 1987
1987 establishments in Texas | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/South%20by%20Southwest |
Divine Madness may refer to:
Divine madness, unconventional behavior often associated with certain types of spiritual practice
Theia mania, unusual behavior attributed to intervention of a god in Plato's philosophy
Divine Madness (Madness album), an album by the British band Madness
Divine Madness (film), a 1980 Bette Midler concert film
Divine Madness (Bette Midler album), the soundtrack album to that film
Divine Madness (novel), the fifth book in the CHERUB series by Robert Muchamore
The Divine Madness, an American band
Wōdanaz, the chief Germanic deity | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divine%20madness%20%28disambiguation%29 |
Ette may refer to:
Ette (river), a river of Baden-Württemberg, Germany
Exotic Tropic Timber Enterprises, a company in Liberia
Bernard Etté (1898–1973), German jazz and light music violinist and conductor
Ottmar Ette (born 1956), Professor of Romance languages and Comparative literature at the University of Potsdam, Germany
Carla J. Easton, a musician who released her first solo album under the name Ette
-ette, a diminutive suffix | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ette |
Georgii Dmitrievich Karpechenko (1899 in Velsk, Vologda Governorate – July 28, 1941) was a Russian and Soviet biologist. His name has sometimes been transliterated as Karpetschenko.
G. D. Karpechenko specialized in plant cytology and created several hybrids. Among his contributions is his seminal work on allopolyploids, culminating in his creation of a fertile offspring of radishes and cabbages, the first instance of a new species obtained through polyploid speciation during experimental crossbreeding.
He worked at the Institute of Applied Botany near Leningrad, but collaborated with geneticists in other countries, notably Øjvind Winge in Denmark and Erwin Baur in Germany. He also travelled abroad to the John Innes Horticultural Institution in London. He was arrested by the NKVD under the false grounds of belonging to an alleged "anti-Soviet group" centered on the well known Russian botanist Nikolai Vavilov who was his colleague at Leningrad. He was sentenced to death and executed on July 28, 1941.
See also
List of Russian inventors
Notes
References
Birstein, Vadim J. The Perversion of Knowledge: The True Story of Soviet Science. Boulder, Colorado: Westview Press, 2001.
Bentley Glass, The Grim Heritage of Lysenkoism, The Quarterly Review of Biology, Vol. 65, No. 4 (December, 1990), pp. 413–421, refers to "Karpechenko's defense of genetics when it was first assailed by Lysenko",
Karpechenko, G.D., Polyploid hybrids of Raphanus sativus X Brassica oleracea L., Bulletin of Applied Botany. 17:305-408 (1927).
Karpechenko, G.D., 1928. Polyploid hybrids of Raphanus sativus L. X Brassica oleracea L.'' Zeitschrift für induktive Abstammungs- und Vererbungslehre 48, 1–85.Reprinted in: Jules Janick, ed. 1989. Classic papers in horticultural science. The Blackburn Press. Publisher's listing
1899 births
1941 deaths
People from Velsk
People from Velsky Uyezd
Soviet botanists
Horticulturists
Executed Soviet people from Russia
Russian people executed by the Soviet Union
Executed people from Arkhangelsk Oblast
Soviet inventors
People executed by the Soviet Union by firing squad
Russian scientists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georgii%20Karpechenko |
David Maxwell may refer to:
David Maxwell (academic) (born 1944), president of Drake University in Des Moines, Iowa
David Maxwell (historian) (born 1963), Dixie Professor of Ecclesiastical History at Cambridge University
David Maxwell (musician) (1943–2015), American blues pianist
David Maxwell (politician) (born 1943), Iowa state representative
David Maxwell (rower) (born 1951), British rower
David Maxwell (printer), English printer
David Farrow Maxwell (1900–1985), president of the American Bar Association
See also
David Maxwell Fyfe, 1st Earl of Kilmuir (1900–1967), British Conservative politician, lawyer and judge | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Maxwell |
John Middleton, 1st Earl of Middleton ( – 3 July 1674) was a professional soldier and mercenary from Kincardineshire in Scotland. Beginning his career in the Thirty Years War, during the Wars of the Three Kingdoms he fought for the Covenanters and Parliamentarians until 1648, when he switched sides to the Royalists.
One of his colleagues in the 1639 to 1640 Bishops' Wars was Montrose, who later became a Royalist. Despite their similar backgrounds and views, Middleton pursued him with considerable vigour, reportedly because his father died when Montrose's men set fire to his house.
Middleton supported the Royalists in the Second and Third English Civil Wars and took part in the unsuccessful 1654 Glencairn's rising. Rewarded by being appointed Lord High Commissioner to the Parliament of Scotland after the 1660 Stuart Restoration, he fell out with his political colleagues and was removed from office in 1663.
However, viewed by Charles II as a capable and reliable soldier, he was compensated with two key strategic commands, first Rochester Castle, then English Tangier where he died in July 1674.
Personal details
Born around 1608, John was the eldest son of Robert Middleton of Caldhame and his wife Catherine Strachan; his younger brother Alexander and nephew George both served as Principal of King's College, Aberdeen great uncle of George's son John Middleton; and great-great uncle of Charles Middleton, 1st Baron Barham.
Military career
In early life Middleton served as a soldier in France; later he fought against Charles I both in England and in Scotland, being especially prominent at the Battle of Philiphaugh and in other operations against James Graham, 1st Marquess of Montrose.
Middleton held a high command in the Engager army which took part in the Second English Civil War and was taken prisoner at the Battle of Preston in August 1648. He joined Charles II when he arrived in Scotland in 1650 to be crowned, but fell out with the ruling Kirk Party and was compelled to do public penance at Dundee. He commanded the Royalist cavalry at the Battle of Worcester in August 1651 and was captured before escaping to Paris.
In 1653, Middleton was chosen to lead a projected Scottish rising; he reached Scotland in February 1654, but the participants were deeply divided and the revolt ended in defeat at the Battle of Dalnaspidal in July. He remained in Scotland until 1655 when he rejoined the exiled court and was created Earl of Middleton in 1656, with the subsidiary title of Lord Clermont and Fettercairn. He was made colonel of a Scottish infantry regiment in the Royalist Army in Exile, although actual command was exercised by Lord Newburgh.
Political career
Following the Stuart Restoration in May 1660, Middleton was appointed commander-in-chief of the troops in Scotland and Lord High Commissioner to the Parliament of Scotland, which he opened in January 1661. His extreme Royalism led to a political struggle with the Earl of Lauderdale and in 1663 he was deprived of his offices. He then served as Lieutenant-General of the Kent militia and Governor of Rochester Castle from 1663 until 1668, before being appointed governor of English Tangier in 1670, acquired when Charles married Catherine of Braganza. He died there on 3 July 1674 of injuries sustained by falling down the stairs after a drinking bout.
Family
John Middleton married (contract July 1639), Grizel Durham, who died in September 1666. They had five children together:
Charles Middleton, 2nd Earl of Middleton (1649/1650–1719), married Lady Catherine Brudenell, daughter of Robert Brudenell, 2nd Earl of Cardigan, and Ann Savage, had children.
Lady Grizel Middleton, married William Douglas, 9th Earl of Morton. One child who died in infancy.
Lady Helen Middleton, married Patrick Lyon, 3rd Earl of Strathmore and Kinghorne. They had eight children.
Two daughters, names not known, who both died in 1669 unmarried and without issue.
Middleton's second wife was Lady Martha Carey (1635/6–1706), married 16 December 1667 at St. Andrew's, Holborn, daughter of Henry Carey, 2nd Earl of Monmouth and his wife Martha Cranfield. They had two children:
John Middleton (1668–1696). Died unmarried without issue.
Lady Elizabeth Middleton (1672–1748), married William Spelman. They had one child who died young.
See also
Cromwell's Act of Grace
References
Sources
Further reading
1608 births
1674 deaths
Earls of Middleton
People from Kincardine and Mearns
Scottish soldiers
Lords High Commissioner to the Parliament of Scotland
Governors of Tangier
Queen's Royal Regiment officers
Peers of Scotland created by Charles II
Members of the Parliament of Scotland 1661–1663
Soldiers of the Tangier Garrison
Extraordinary Lords of Session
Military personnel of the English Civil War
accidental deaths from falls
Accidental deaths in Morocco | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Middleton%2C%201st%20Earl%20of%20Middleton |
The Daily Prothom Alo () is a daily newspaper in Bangladesh, published from Dhaka in the Bengali language. It is the largest circulated newspaper in Bangladesh.
According to the National Media Survey of 2018, conducted by Kantar MRB Bangladesh, Prothom Alo has a daily readership of more than 6.6 million online. According to Alexa Internet, an American web traffic analysis company, the online portal of Prothom Alo is the most visited Bengali website in the world.
History
Prothom Alo was founded on 4 November 1998. The circulation of Prothom Alo grew from an initial circulation of 42,000 to a circulation of a half million copies. The newspaper distinguished itself by its investigations of acid attacks and violence against women and pushing for tougher laws against the sale of acid. From press facilities located in Dhaka, Chittagong and Bogra, around 5,00,000 copies (as of March '2014) are circulated each day. According to National Media Survey 2018, everyday 6.6 million people read the print edition of Prothom Alo. The claimed readership of the online and print edition of this newspaper is 7.6 million.
A senior reporter of Prothom Alo, Rozina Islam, was detained for 5 hours in Bangladesh Secretariat after she went there to cover the health ministry on 17 May 2021. A case was filed against her by an official of Health Service Division under the Official Secrets Act. After filing of the case she was taken to Shahbagh Police Station.
She was quizzed for 5 days in police remand.
She was released upon bail from Kashimpur prison on 23 May 2021.
Digital platforms
The online portal of Prothom Alo is the number 1 Bangladeshi website in the world. This portal is accessed by 1.6 million visitors from 200 countries and territories across the globe with 60 million pageviews per month. The e-paper site of Prothom Alo is also the Number 1 e-paper Web site of Bangladesh. From 160 countries, 465 thousand visitors access this website with more than 26 million page views per month. On average, each of the visitors stays for 20 minutes on this Web site. Based on Facebook fan following, Prothom Alo is one of the leading corporate houses in Bangladesh. Till November 2015, 6.75 Million people are following this newspaper through Facebook. This is the biggest FB Fan page for any organization in Bangladesh. Prothom Alos blog (www.prothom-aloblog.com) provides a well-moderated platform where thousands of bloggers share their constructive thoughts on various contemporary issues. Moreover, nearly 700 thousand of the Prothom Alo app for various digital and mobile platforms have been downloaded as of October 2013. Altogether, printed and digital versions of Prothom Alo are being read by 12 million people from Bangladesh and 200 other countries and territories in a month.
Editors
Matiur Rahman is the chief editor of the newspaper. He received the Ramon Magsaysay Award in 2005 in the category of Journalism, Literature and Creative Communication Arts.
Mathematics Olympiad
Prothom Alo helped to popularise Mathematics in Bangladesh. It organized Mathematics Olympiad for the first time in Bangladesh in 2003. It is one of the main sponsors and the main organizer of Bangladesh Mathematics Olympiad.
Recognition
Prothom Alo has been carrying on a campaign against acid violence, drugs, HIV/AIDS, and religious terrorism. For his contribution to this fight, the Philippines-based Ramon Magsaysay Award Foundation has described editor Matiur Rahman as 'the guiding force in the positive changes in society and culture' and in 2005 honored him with a Magsaysay Award, which is considered to be the 'Nobel Prize of Asia'. Rahman donated the prize money in equal proportion to the three funds that the Prothom Alo Trust has set up to help and support acid-burnt women, anti-drug campaigns, and persecuted journalists.
Sister Concerns
Prothom Alo, which belongs to Mediastar Ltd., has the following sister concerns:
ABC Radio FM 89.2: Commercial operation of ABC Radio FM 89.2 commenced from 7 January 2009. It is one of the most popular FM radio channels of Dhaka city. Besides Dhaka, it is also being aired from Chittagong and Cox's Bazar stations.
Prothoma Prokashon : Prothoma Prokashon is a publication house that started its journey in 2008. This publication house has been highly praised by different quarters for its quality publication works. Prothoma Prokashon received awards from Bangla Academy in 2011, 2012 and 2013.
Prothoma Boier Dunia: Prothoma Boier Dunia or Prothoma World of Books is a bookselling outlet with five stores in Dhaka, Chittagong and Rajshahi.
Protichinta: Protichinta is a quarterly journal on social, economic, and political issues.
Kishor Alo : Kishor Alo, a monthly magazine for youngsters, started its journey in October 2013. Stories, novels, poems, quizzes, magic, adventures, traveling, science, jokes, and many other interesting features are published in this colorful monthly magazine. Kishor Alo also has a large number of volunteers all over Bangladesh.
Biggan Chinta : Biggan Chinta a monthly magazine for science lovers, started its journey from October 2016. It contains science writings (mainly about astrophysics and environmental science), interviews with scientists, science fiction and many others.
Chakri.com (former Prothom Alo Jobs): Chakri.com offers regular recruitment circulars and solutions, corporate training services, and career counseling.
Criticism
Prothom Alo is often criticized for its liberal attitude. A cartoon by Arifur Rahman was published in Alpin about a joke partly related to religion, causing protests against the Newspaper. A subsequent order was given from the government to ban the supplement. The editor of the Prothom Alo acknowledged the gaffe. In a statement released by Prothom Alo, the editor of Alpin, Matiur Rahman, apologized, expressing regret for publishing the cartoon. The cartoonist was jailed for six months and two days, he was arrested 18 September 2007 and released 20 March 2008.
In 2012, a High Court bench issued an injunction on the publication of Humayun Ahmed's political fiction Deyal at daily Prothom Alos weekly Shahitto Samwiki on a Friday. The bench of Justice also asked the government and the writer to explain why they should not be directed to correct a part of the fiction for presenting a 'distorted' version of the assassination of the country's founding president Sheikh Mujibur Rahman and his minor son Sheikh Russel. The controversial part of the fiction was published by Bangla daily Prothom Alo in its 11 May issue. The chapters portrayed Khandker Moshtaque in a manner that he did not know about the killings beforehand.
See also
Banglanews24.com
Basic Ali (comic strip), a comic strip in the paper
Daily Naya Diganta
Jugantor
The Daily Ittefaq
List of newspapers in Bangladesh
References
External links
Bengali-language newspapers published in Bangladesh
Daily newspapers published in Bangladesh
Newspapers established in 1998
1998 establishments in Bangladesh
Newspapers published in Dhaka | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prothom%20Alo |
Windows SideShow (codenamed Auxiliary Display) was a feature by Microsoft introduced in Windows Vista to supply information such as e-mail, instant messages, and RSS feeds from a personal computer to a local or remote peripheral device or display. SideShow was intended to enhance the Windows experience by enabling new mobility scenarios for the Windows platform and by providing power saving benefits as part of Microsoft's broader efforts regarding a mobile initiative.
SideShow was unveiled in 2003 as a feature of Windows Vista ("Longhorn") to provide peripheral awareness of information. Preliminary documentation from Microsoft focused on using it to provide online information in an internal display of a mobile device such as a laptop while supporting desktop computer scenarios; information could also be cached for later use when offline or when in sleep mode. Microsoft planned to include a Control Panel applet and configurable battery, calendar, email, wireless network, and Windows Media Player modules for SideShow.
SideShow was included with the release of Windows Vista in 2006, which included modules for Windows Mail and Windows Media Player, and would ultimately encompass other aspects of the Windows platform and Microsoft ecosystem. Microsoft Office supported SideShow with the release of Microsoft Office 2007. Microsoft introduced SideShow support for Windows CE, Windows Mobile 5.0, and Windows Mobile 6.0 in 2008 and released modules for applications such as Microsoft Office 2003, Microsoft PowerPoint, Windows Media Center, and Windows Sidebar. SideShow was supported with the release of Windows 7 in 2009. With the release of Windows 8.1 in 2013, SideShow was discontinued.
History
Windows Vista
Auxiliary displays were listed by Microsoft among other forms of information indicators for personal computers during the Windows Hardware Engineering Conference of 2003. An auxiliary display feature was later presented by Microsoft during the WinHEC 2004 where it was scheduled to be included in Windows Vista, then known by its codename, "Longhorn." It was intended for tablet PCs and other mobile devices to provide users with up-to-date information at a glance and to increase the value of the Windows operating system in new mobile scenarios. Auxiliary display support was included among other mobile features scheduled for the operating system, including Windows Mobility Center, speech recognition, and Windows HotStart, and was listed as part of Microsoft's mobile PC strategy. A prototype auxiliary display device was demonstrated by Intel at the Intel Developer Forum conference in fall of 2004.
In February 2005, Microsoft announced that the first beta version of Windows Vista, then codenamed "Longhorn," would include support for the feature; a preliminary software development kit would also be released concurrently with the operating system. At WinHEC 2005, Microsoft released details about the SideShow development platform and discussed new scenarios enabled by the technology. Prototypes were also produced by several original equipment manufacturers (OEMs) and displayed at the conference. Microsoft would release details a year later at WinHEC 2006 where additional hardware was also displayed.
Windows Vista was released to manufacturing on November 8, 2006 and includes two SideShow gadgets, one for Windows Mail and one for Windows Media Player. Microsoft Office 2007, released to manufacturing on the same day as Windows Vista, included an Outlook 2007 calendar gadget for SideShow.
Windows 7
With Windows 7 Microsoft introduced multiple user support for gadgets, improved the reliability and resiliency of SideShow APIs for gadgets on multiple devices, improved asynchronous processing throughput, and updated the SideShow control panel experience with changes such as a more prominent link to settings and the introduction of tooltip descriptions for gadgets.
Overview
Windows SideShow displays can be embedded as part of a device itself or as a separate component. Examples include an electronic visual display integrated as part of a keyboard, or digital photo frames that can receive information wirelessly; wireless devices are connected to a personal computer through wireless network technologies, including Bluetooth and Wi-Fi; manufacturers may also produce detachable displays. Sideshow devices display various types of information, such as contacts, calendar appointments, e-mail, maps, RSS feeds, and can serve as indicators for system information such as battery life and wireless network strength. Microsoft has published documentation which suggests additional uses for SideShow devices, such as the ability to transmit information and notifications received from a computer across televisions and set-top boxes, and the ability to serve as a second screen for PC games and their content (e.g., character statistics or maps) and to enable new multitasking scenarios during gameplay.
SideShow features integration with the Windows desktop gadget feature of Windows Vista and Windows 7, which enables a single gadget to operate simultaneously on a user's desktop while supplying data across devices.
SideShow uses the Windows Portable Devices infrastructure to communicate with devices; when viewed as a portable device in File Explorer, users can also adjust and interact with the files included as part of auxiliary displays. Auxiliary displays appear in Device Manager and integrate with Windows Vista's Function Discovery technology.
Development platform
A gadget developed for SideShow is written by programming for the Windows SideShow Platform application programming interface—a native code COM-based API introduced in Windows Vista. A managed API for .NET Framework developers was also released by Microsoft, and includes development templates for Visual Studio 2005 and Visual Studio 2008. To aid in the development of gadgets, Microsoft released a SideShow simulator that emulates the functionality of a SideShow-compatible device, thereby allowing developers to test the appearance and functionality of gadgets without requiring physical hardware.
Devices for Windows SideShow have different hardware traits than devices such as mobile phones or PDAs. The former have their own processor; they need not rely solely on a connection to a computer for processing tasks. There are online and offline abilities that allow the device to run larger components on the connected computer. The following list contains typical device display types and technologies.
Hardware-specific, native applications that provide rich-media experiences like audio and video playback that can be accessed through the SideShow user interface require the SDK from the specific platform vendor. For example, Nvidia provides the Preface platform that includes abilities like MP3, AAC, MPEG-4 encode-decode and other digital media formats.
Market acceptance
Few OEMs accepted SideShow.
In 2007, Asus announced the W5Fe, a laptop with a full-color, 2.8-inch SideShow display on the front cover.
In 2006, after being featured at WinHEC, the 7-inch and 10-inch "Momento" digital photo frames were released by their developer, A Living Picture, and provided Sideshow functionality over WiFi. They were subsequently marketed by i-mate along with its Momento Live picture service, before being shut down in 2009.
In October 2007, Dell released the XPS 420, which included a Sideshow device on the top front of the machine. It was not widely promoted, found little use and was quietly dropped when the XPS 430 came out a year later.
Intoware (formerly Ikanos Consulting) provided AccuWeather, Facebook, Flickr, iTunes, Twitter, and Windows Live Messenger.
On February 1, 2010, Ikanos Consulting announced Threemote, a suite of Windows SideShow-compatible products for embedded platforms including Windows Mobile, Google Android, and Kopin Golden-i. Threemote appears unsupported and had been unavailable from the Android Market for some time , nor was it available for Windows Mobile. In a blog posting in April 2010, the technical director of Ikanos consulting said that Sideshow was not dead and Threemote was "bubbling along".
On February 7, 2012, Chris James released "MS Sideshow Device", an implementation of a Windows Sideshow device for Android.
Microsoft discontinued the Sideshow gallery. A duplication of the sideshow gallery content is available at Windows Sidebar Gadget Gallery.
With the introduction of Windows 8.1, Microsoft discontinued the technology and removed support for SideShow devices from the operating system.
See also
Smart Personal Objects Technology
References
External links
Windows SideShow Managed API 1.0 SDK Download
MSDN link for Windows SideShow
Discontinued Windows components
Microsoft initiatives
SideShow | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windows%20SideShow |
On 19 April 1529, six princes and representatives of 14 Imperial Free Cities petitioned the Imperial Diet at Speyer against an imperial ban of Martin Luther, as well as the proscription of his works and teachings, and called for the unhindered spread of the evangelical faith.
The "Protestants"
The Six Princes
John the Steadfast of Wettin, Elector of Saxony
George the Pious of Hohenzollern, Margrave of Brandenburg-Ansbach
Ernest I the Confessor of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Duke of Lüneburg-Celle and his brother
Francis, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, Duke of Gifhorn
Philip I the Magnanimous, Landgrave of Hesse
Wolfgang of Ascania, Prince of Anhalt-Köthen
The 14 Imperial Free Cities
Strassburg
Augsburg
Ulm
Konstanz
Lindau
Memmingen
Kempten
Nördlingen
Heilbronn
Reutlingen
Isny
St. Gallen
Weissenburg
Windsheim
"Protestants" withdrawing their initial support
Cologne
Frankfurt am Main
Cause
Eight years earlier, Martin Luther was banned by the Holy Roman Empire at the Diet of Worms of 1521. Emperor Charles V wanted to end the religious unrest between the Catholic majority and the evangelical minority at the Second Diet of Speyer. Lutheran Heresy and the resulting religious strife did not figure in his political plans.
The Edict of Worms had been suspended in 1526 when the Diet of Speyer decided that every prince should hold whichever religious beliefs he could justify before his King and God.
Three years after the Diet of 1526, on the 1 March 1529, Charles V announced the second Diet of Speyer. He again let himself be represented by his brother Ferdinand, since he could not personally appear due to the ongoing war with France.
In his opening address, Ferdinand gave the decision of the Emperor: the annulment of the Diet's decision in 1526, recognition of "great mistakes and misunderstanding", and the threat of Imperial ban against "seduction by false beliefs". Until clarification from another council all further new developments would remain forbidden. He also made further declarations:
<blockquote>"Those that until now have followed the Edict of Worms should continue to do so. In the areas where this has been deviated from, there shall be no further new developments and no-one shall be refused Mass. Finally, the sects which contradict the sacrament of the true body and blood, shall absolutely not be tolerated, no more than the Anabaptists."</blockquote>
On 19 April, the majority of representatives accepted the revocation of the 1526 edict. The evangelicals were told that they should yield "to the fair and proper decisions" of the majority. At this point the evangelical princes left the hall. When they returned somewhat later, Ferdinand wanted to leave the hall and refused to listen to them. So their objection was read out: they protested against the decision of the majority, to undo the decision of the 1526 Reichstag. Ferdinand demanded that they "accept and obey the decision".
The Protestant delegates refused to be bound by secular authority in matters of faith. On 20 April they presented the "Letter of Protestation", which Ferdinand refused to accept. Therefore, it did not come to be read out, but was printed and made public.
The "Letter of Protestation" was signed by Johann, Elector of Saxony, Georg, Margrave of Brandenburg, Ernst, Duke of Braunschweig-Lüneburg, Philipp, Landgrave of Hesse, and Wolfgang, Prince of Anhalt.
At the final sitting of the Diet on 24 April, the "decision of the Diet" was once more read out, but no word was said of the protest by the evangelical princes. In response the councils of the evangelical princes and the agents of the Free Cities met on 25 April and drew up a Instrumentum Appellationis, in which complaints against the decision of the Diet were once more summarised. This text was brought to the Holy Roman Emperor by an embassy. Since this Diet in Speyer the adherents of the reform movement became known as "Protestants", and thus the protestation of the Princes and Free Cities has been seen as the birth of Protestantism.
The decision of the Reichstag was protested by
Elector John the Steadfast of Saxony
Gregor Brück (Pontanus), Chancellor of Elector John
Philipp Melanchthon, companion of Elector John
Simon Grynaeus, companion of Philipp Melanchthon
Johann Agricola, chaplain of Elector John
Landgrave Phillip of Hesse
Erhard Schnepf, chaplain of Philip of Hesse
Margrave George of Brandenburg-Anhalt
Duke Ernst of Braunschweig-Lüneburg
Duke Franz of Braunschweig-Lüneburg
Johann Förster, Chancellor of Dukes Franz and Ernst of Braunschweig-Lüneburg
Prince Wolfgang of Anhalt
Count William of Fürstenberg
Bürgermeister Christoph Tetzel, representative of Nürnberg
Bürgermeister Christoph Kreß, representative of Nürnberg
Bürgermeister Bernhard B(P)aumgärtner, representative of Nürnberg
Councillor Jakob Sturm, representative of Straßburg
Guildmaster Matthias, clergyman, representative of Straßburg
Bürgermeister Bernhard Besserer, representative of Ulm
Bürgermeister Sebastian Hagelstein, representative of Windsheim
Bürgermeister Josef Weiß, representative of Reutlingen
The decision of the Reichstag was voted for by
Holy Roman Emperor Charles V,
Ferdinand, imperial commissioner and representative of Charles V
Grand Chancellor Bernhard Cles, Bishop of Trent, imperial commissioner
Freiherr Georg Truchsess von Waldburg, vice-regent of King Ferdinand
Dr. Johann Faber, canon of Konstanz and Basel
Probst Balthasar von Waldkirch, imperial commissioner
Frederick II, Elector Palatine, imperial commissioner
William IV, Duke of Bavaria, imperial commissioner
Leonhard von Eck, chancellor of Duke Wilhelm IV. of Bavaria
Louis X, Duke of Bavaria
Eric I, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, imperial commissioner
See also
Approximate original German of the Protestation of 19 April on p. 50 of the edition ed. J. Ney; original German of the Appellation of 25 April on p. 27 of the edition ed. J. Ney. "Approximate original," I say, because according to Ney, “The protesting princes retained apparently no copy of the Protestation written down in a hurry and handed over to the Reichstag. For this reason , only the ‘approximate’ content of the Protestation handed over on the 19 April could be included in the Instrument of Appellation" (Ney, p. 50, note 1; cf. Ney, pp. 12 ff.). According to Eike Wolgast's entry in the Oxford encyclopedia of the Reformation'' ("Speyer, Protestation of"), "On 12 April 1529 the evangelical rulers submitted a written declaration to the diet that constituted an early draft of the subsequent protestation. . . . On 19 April . . . the first protestation followed. It was rejected. Accordingly, the evangelical estates presented a second protestation on 20 April which repeated the previous day's arguments in greater detail. . . . The protestation received legal status through the appeal that the Protestant princes and imperial cities lodged before two notaries in Speyer on 25 April 1529. This appeal contained a report on the proceedings between majority and minority and all important documents. The text was immediately disseminted in print," etc. (vol. 4, p. 104).
An English translation of the Protestation.
Speyer Memorial Church, consecrated in 1904 in honor of the Protestation.
References
Speyer
1529 in Christianity
1529 in politics
1529 in the Holy Roman Empire
History of Rhineland-Palatinate
Reformation in Germany | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Protestation%20at%20Speyer |
Attel Abbey, also Attl Abbey ( or Attl), was a Benedictine monastery, later a home for the disabled run by the Brothers Hospitallers, in the village of Attel near Wasserburg am Inn in Bavaria, Germany.
History
The monastery, dedicated to the Virgin Mary and Saint Michael, was founded as a Benedictine abbey by Count Arnold of Diessen-Andechs in around 1037.
It was dissolved in 1803 in the secularisation of Bavaria. The abbey buildings were partly demolished, partly acquired by private owners.
In 1874 the Bavarian government set up a home for disabled men in the remaining premises, the running of which they entrusted to the Order of the Brothers Hospitallers. Apart from the years of World War II, when under the National Socialist government the Brothers were obliged to close the home and leave, they remained here until 1970, when declining numbers forced them to give up Attel. The running of the home was taken over by the Charity Union of München-Freising until 1994, when it became independently managed.
References
Further reading
Hugo Schnell: Pfarrkirche Attel am Inn. Dreifaltigkeitsverlag, München 1934
Ernst Götz et al. (eds.): Handbuch der deutschen Kunstdenkmäler, Bayern IV: München und Oberbayern. 3rd edition. Deutscher Kunstverlag, München/Berlin 2006, pp. 65–66
807-2007. 1200 Jahre Attel, Jubiläumsschrift (= "Heimat am Inn" 26/27, 2006–2007)
External links
Klöster in Bayern: Attel
Benedictine monasteries in Germany
Monasteries in Bavaria
1030s establishments in the Holy Roman Empire
Christian monasteries established in the 11th century
1803 disestablishments in the Holy Roman Empire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attel%20Abbey |
Let or LET may refer to:
Sports
Let serve, when the served object in certain racket sports hits the net and lands in the correct service court, such as;
Let (badminton)
Let (pickleball)
Let (tennis)
Ladies European Tour, the ladies professional golf tour of Europe
Terminology
-let as an English diminutive suffix
Let expression, a name binding construct in computer programming languages
Let statement, a statement used in word problems requiring algebraic equations
Letting, a system of payment for the temporary use of something owned by someone else, also known as "rental"
People, titles, characters
Licensed engineering technologist
Let, a fictional character from the anime series Rave Master
Places, locations
County Leitrim, Ireland, Chapman code LET
Let, West Virginia
Leț, a village in Boroșneu Mare Commune, Covasna County, Romania
Alfredo Vásquez Cobo International Airport (IATA code LET), Leticia, Colombia
Lei Tung station (station code LET) of the Hong Kong MTR
Groups, organizations, companies
Lashkar-e-Taiba (LeT), a militant Pakistani Islamist organization
Let Kunovice (LET), a Czechoslovak and Czech aircraft manufacturer
LET, part of a font name indicating the font is owned by Letraset; for example, Academy Engraved LET
Other uses
Linear energy transfer, a property of ionizing radiation's interactions with matter
Lorentz ether theory, a scientific theory
LET solution or gel, a topical anesthetic consisting of 4% lidocaine, 1:2,000 epinephrine, and 0.5% tetracaine
Light Emitting Transistor, a future technology that could be used in Organic light-emitting transistor (OLET) screens
"Let", a song by Pinegrove from 11:11 (2022)
See also
lets (disambiguation)
IET (disambiguation)
Lease (disambiguation)
Rent (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Let |
Anna Lee is a British television crime drama series, first broadcast on 10 January 1993, that ran for a total of six episodes on ITV. The series, loosely based on the detective novels of Liza Cody, starred Imogen Stubbs as the title character, alongside Brian Glover, John Rowe, Peter Wight and Wil Johnson. The series was produced by Brian Eastman, in conjunction with Carnival Films for London Weekend Television.
Following a single pilot episode, broadcast in 1993, London Weekend Television commissioned a full-length five-episode series, to be filmed later that year for broadcast in 1994. The pilot had a mostly different cast, apart from Stubbs and Glover. All six episodes were later broadcast in the United States on the A&E cable network. Music for the series was provided by Anne Dudley, while the theme tune, "Sister, Sister", was performed by Luciana, who also appeared in the final episode.
Notably, despite all six episodes being adapted from their source books, considerable alterations were made for television, much to the dismay of writer Liza Cody. Reportedly, this prompted Cody to abandon writing any further Anna Lee books; as she had previously signed a contract with LWT to allow for any further books to be adapted for television. However, despite much detail being removed for the television adaptations, LWT's most notable contribution to series was the casting of Brian Glover; like his character Selwyn Price, Glover was an ex-professional wrestler, and his room full of wrestling posters seen in the series were in fact real posters featuring Leon Arras, the name Glover used when wrestling.
Cast
Imogen Stubbs as Anna Lee; a former policewoman now working as a private detective
Brian Glover as Selwyn Price; an ex-wrestler who lives in Anna's apartment building
Michael Bryant/John Rowe as Commander Martin Brierly; Anna's boss
Ken Stott/Peter Wight as Bernie Schiller; a fellow detective
Wil Johnson as Stevie Johnson; another fellow detective
Barbara Leigh-Hunt/Sonia Graham as Beryl Doyle; Commander Brierly's secretary
Ceri Jackson as Ros Russell; a former police colleague, who is still on the force
Episodes
Pilot (1993)
Series (1994)
References
External links
1993 British television series debuts
1994 British television series endings
1990s British crime television series
1990s British drama television series
ITV television dramas
Television series by ITV Studios
London Weekend Television shows
English-language television shows
Television shows set in London
Television shows set in Sussex | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anna%20Lee%20%28TV%20series%29 |
Machaerirhynchus is a genus of passerine birds with affinities to woodswallows and butcherbirds. The two species are known as boatbills. The genus is distributed across New Guinea and northern Queensland.
The species are:
Black-breasted boatbill, M. nigripectus, found in New Guinea
Yellow-breasted boatbill, M. flaviventer, found in northeast Australia
References
External links
A page on boatbills at Don Roberson's world birding website
Bird genera | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Machaerirhynchus |
Sir Kenneth Lewis (1 July 1916 – 2 July 1997) was a Conservative Party politician in the United Kingdom. He was Member of Parliament of the United Kingdom for Rutland and Stamford from 1959 to 1983, and following boundary changes for Stamford and Spalding from 1983 to 1987.
Life
Son of Agnes and William Lewis, Kenneth Lewis was born and educated in Jarrow, County Durham, and attended the University of Edinburgh. He was a Labour and Personnel Executive with shipbuilders Hawthorn Leslie and Company of Hebburn, and afterwards with the County of London Electricity Supply Company. He served with the RAF during World War II as a staff officer at Allied HQ Europe, the Air Ministry, and with a Pathfinder Squadron. He started his own shipping and travel business. He married Jean Lewis in 1948, and together they had two children: Kaye Michie and Christopher Lewis. He lived in Preston, near Uppingham, Rutland.
From 1949 to 1952 he was a member of Middlesex County Council, and contested Parliamentary elections as Conservative candidate in 1945 and 1950 at Newton, and at Ashton-under-Lyne in 1951.
His Parliamentary career included Chairmanship of the Conservative Party Parliamentary Labour Committee from 1962 to 1964, and he served on the Estimates, Expenditure and Selection Committees. He was Chairman of the East Midlands Conservative Members and Candidates Committee and the Area Conservative Political Centre. Lewis was noted for his remembrance speeches.
In February 1984 he spoke in the Commons against the ban on Trades Union representation at GCHQ, urging the government to show more recognition of the needs of workers for representation, and joined former prime minister Edward Heath in abstaining on the vote.
Lewis was an active churchman, and served as chairman of a Standing Committee of the World Council of Churches. He was also deputy lieutenant of Rutland (1973).
Kenneth Lewis was knighted in 1983. Jean Lewis died in 1991, and Lewis died on 2 July 1997, aged 81.
His son Christopher Lewis was elected to Torbay Council in 2007.<He is now Deputy Leader of the Council.ref></ref>
References
External links
1916 births
1997 deaths
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh
Royal Air Force officers
Conservative Party (UK) MPs for English constituencies
UK MPs 1959–1964
UK MPs 1964–1966
UK MPs 1966–1970
UK MPs 1970–1974
UK MPs 1974
UK MPs 1974–1979
UK MPs 1979–1983
UK MPs 1983–1987 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth%20Lewis |
Björn Hans-Erik Dixgård (born 8 May 1981) is a Swedish musician (vocals, guitar). He is the frontman of the Swedish band Mando Diao.
Biography
Björn Hans-Erik Dixgård was born on 8 May 1981, near Falun, Sweden, as the second child of Hans and Malin Dixgard. Some years later, the family moved to Romme, a town in the south of Borlänge. Björn attended elementary school and secondary school in Romme. One of his favorite activities as a young boy was fishing.
Music was always omnipresent in the Dixgård house. With Malin Dixgård being a gifted singer, and Hans Dixgård playing guitar in a band, their talents and taste in music were passed on to their children.
The first bands that had an influence on Björn were The Beatles, The Rolling Stones, The Kinks and The Who. Later at school, where the two main topics were football and rock music, new bands like Nirvana were added, and since 1995 Britpop bands like Oasis and Blur. His relationship with his parents was never overshadowed by teenage rebellion; Hans and Malin as former hippies and occupied in social work had the skill to block conflicts.
Björn became a member of a band for the first time at the age of fourteen when he started playing guitar in a band called “Butler”, which he founded together with Daniel Haglund, who was to be the first keyboarder of Mando Diao. Björn and Daniel knew each other from school.
In 1996, Björn and Gustaf Norén met at a party. A short time later Björn invited Gustaf to join his band; they became the two frontmen of Butler.
In 1997, the name Butler was changed to Mando Jao. Allegedly Björn had a dream where a man appeared and shouted at him, telling him to name his band Mando Jao. Björn obeyed. Gustaf left the band in 1998, after moving to Falun and becoming alienated from his friends. He soon came back.
In 1999, the name was changed to Mando Diao, as the band was sure it would offer a better English pronunciation. Band members at this time were Björn Dixgård, Gustaf Norén, Daniel Haglund, and Carl-Johan Fogelklou. During the same year Samuel Giers joined the band as drummer. Daniel Haglund left the band in 2004 and was replaced by Mats Björke.
Touring bars and small locations all over Sweden were soon followed by performances in Central Europe; the USA and Japan. Each of Mando Diao's album releases became more successful; today they are one of Sweden's best known bands.
In 2007, Björn Dixgård did a solo tour in Europe.
In 2008, Björn Dixgård and Gustaf Norén joined the artist network Caligola; in 2012, the album Back To Earth was the first release of the music project.
Mando Diao's biggest success in their home country Sweden was achieved with the sixth studio album Infruset where ten poems of the Swedish poet Gustaf Fröding were set to music in 2012.
Björn married the Swedish actress and producer Emma Kihlberg in January 2008, at Södra Teatern in Stockholm. They have two children.
Björn's older sister Linnéa Dixgård is the singer of the band Twinflower Band.
Discography
Mando Diao
2002: Bring 'Em In
2004: Hurricane Bar
2006: Ode to Ochrasy
2007: Never Seen the Light of Day
2009: Give Me Fire!
2012: Infruset
2014: Aelita
2017: Good Times
2020: Bang
Caligola
2012 Back To Earth
2012 Back To Earth - Resurrection
References
Swedish performance artists
Artists from Dalarna
Mute Records artists
1981 births
People from Falun
Living people
English-language singers from Sweden | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bj%C3%B6rn%20Dixg%C3%A5rd |
The Virginia Tech Hokies are the athletic teams representing Virginia Tech in intercollegiate athletics. The Hokies participate in the NCAA's Division I Atlantic Coast Conference in 22 varsity sports. Virginia Tech's men's sports are football, basketball, baseball, cross country, golf, soccer, swimming and diving, tennis, indoor and outdoor track and field, and wrestling. Virginia Tech's women's sports are basketball, cross country, lacrosse, soccer, softball, swimming and diving, tennis, indoor and outdoor track and field, golf, and volleyball.
Virginia Tech's individual athletes have won 21 individual national titles in various track and field events, wrestling, and swimming. Though not affiliated with the NCAA, Virginia Tech won the 2007 national championship of bass fishing. The Hokie men's basketball team won the 1973 and 1995 NIT tournaments and went to the Sweet Sixteen of NCAA tournament in 1967 and 2019. The Hokies football team lost to Florida State in the 2000 Sugar Bowl (BCS National Championship Game) and finished the 1999 season with a #2 ranking in the BCS Poll. Virginia Tech is one of only three "Power Five" conference members who has never won a NCAA national championship, along with Kansas State and Central Florida.
Name origins and history
Virginia Tech's sports teams are called the "Hokies". The word "Hokie" originated in the "Old Hokie" spirit yell created in 1896 by O. M. Stull for a contest to select a new spirit yell when the college's name was changed from Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College (VAMC) to Virginia Agricultural and Mechanical College and Polytechnic Institute (VPI) and the original spirit yell, which referred to the old name, was no longer usable. Stull won, and received a $5 award.
Hoki, Hoki, Hoki, Hy.
Techs, Techs, VPI!
Sola-Rex, Sola-Rah.
Polytechs—Vir-gin-ia.
Rae, Ri, V.P.I
Later, the phrase "Team! Team! Team!" was added at the end, and an "e" was added to "Hoki".
Stull later said that he made up the word as an attention-grabber. Though he may not have known it, "Hokie" (in its various forms) has been around at least since 1842. According to Johann Norstedt, now a retired Virginia Tech English professor, "[Hokie was] a word that people used to express feeling, approval, excitement, surprise. Hokie, then, is a word like 'hooray' or 'yeah', or 'rah'." Whatever its original meaning, the word in the popular cheer did, as Stull wanted, grab attention and has been a part of Virginia Tech tradition ever since.
The official university school colors—Chicago Maroon and Burnt Orange—also were introduced in 1896. The colors were chosen by a committee because they made a "unique combination" not worn elsewhere at the time.
The team mascot is the HokieBird, a turkey-like creature. The teams were originally known as the "Fighting Gobblers" and the turkey motif was retained despite the name change.
Traditions
The stylized VT (the abbreviation for Virginia Tech) is used primarily by the athletic department as a symbol for Virginia Tech athletic teams. The "athletic VT" symbol is trademarked by the university and appears frequently on licensed merchandise.
During the early years of the university, a rivalry developed between the Virginia Military Institute and Virginia Tech, then called VPI. This rivalry developed into the original "Military Classic of the South," which was an annual football game between VMI and VPI on Thanksgiving Day in Roanoke, Virginia. This rivalry continued until 1970 when Tech's football program became too large and too competitive for VMI. Today, Tech's major athletic rivalries include the Virginia Cavaliers (see Virginia-Virginia Tech rivalry), the West Virginia Mountaineers, and the Miami Hurricanes.
Virginia Tech's fight song, Tech Triumph, was written in 1919 and remains in use today. Tech Triumph is played at sporting events by both the Virginia Tech band, The Marching Virginians, and the Corps of Cadets' band, the Highty Tighties. The Old Hokie spirit yell, in use since 1896, is familiar to all Tech fans.
Many of Tech's more modern traditions were adopted after the construction of Lane Stadium in 1964. Virginia Tech's football traditions and the school's fans are the subject of a 2007 full-length documentary called Hokie Nation which features a mix of interviews with coaches, players and fans as well as a look at Hokie football history and the direction of the program.
Conference affiliation
Tech teams participate in the Atlantic Coast Conference (ACC), which the school joined in 2003 after a tumultuous trek through five different conferences in the previous decade, most recently leaving the Big East in the controversial ACC expansion.
In 1921, Virginia Tech joined the Southern Intercollegiate Conference (now Southern Conference), which contained 19 schools by 1922, all current members of the ACC or Southeastern Conference (SEC). In 1932, thirteen schools left the then-gigantic Southern Conference to form the SEC and in 1953, seven more teams left to form the ACC.
Frank Moseley, Virginia Tech's director of athletics and football coach, believed that the new Southern Conference was a lower tier of competition and sought membership in the ACC, but was turned down. In 1965, Tech left the Southern Conference to become independent. In 1977, Virginia Tech once again sought admission to the ACC and was once again rejected.
In 1978, Virginia Tech joined the Metro Conference, winning the conference men's basketball championship in their first year.
In 1991, Virginia Tech was invited to join the Big East Conference for football only. Members of the Big East football conference included Boston College, Miami, Pittsburgh, Rutgers, Syracuse, Temple, Virginia Tech, and West Virginia. In 1994, Virginia Tech was turned down for full membership in the Big East.
In January 1995, Virginia Tech and Virginia Commonwealth University were ousted from the Metro Conference and subsequently filed a lawsuit against the conference. The lawsuit was settled when Metro agreed to pay the Hokies $1,135,000 and Virginia Tech joined the Atlantic 10 Conference, along with fellow newcomers Dayton and LaSalle in June 1995.
In 1999, the Big East agreed to accept Virginia Tech as a full member in all sports. Virginia Tech ultimately paid $8.3 million to join the conference, $1.1 million of which was actually paid after the school left.
In April 2003, Mike Tranghese, commissioner of the Big East, dropped a bombshell — that the ACC was secretly trying to lure away Big East members. Over the next several months, the ACC held meetings and discussions. Ultimately, Virginia Tech was invited to join the conference, along with Miami. Boston College was added the following year. Virginia Tech finally had achieved what Frank Moseley had sought so long ago — membership in the ACC.
When Virginia Tech was invited to join the ACC, former Roanoke Times sports editor Bill Brill expressed his displeasure, saying "Virginia Tech will not win an ACC championship in my lifetime." When Virginia Tech's football team proceeded to do precisely that in their very first season in the league, Brill's house in Chapel Hill, North Carolina received hundreds of mocking phone calls from angry Virginia Tech fans, curious to learn when the funeral arrangements would be held.
Football
Virginia Tech's football team plays home games in Lane Stadium. With a capacity of 66,233, Lane is relatively small in comparison to many other top FBS stadiums, yet it is still considered to be one of the loudest stadiums in the country. In 2005, it was recognized by rivals.com as having the best home-field advantage in college football.
Since the 1995 season, the Hokies have finished with a top-10 ranking five times, won seven conference championships (three Big East and four ACC), and played once for the national championship, losing to Florida State 46–29 in the 2000 Sugar Bowl. Annually, Virginia Tech plays its traditional rival, the University of Virginia, for the Commonwealth Cup, a series which Virginia Tech leads 59-38-5.
Frank Beamer was the Hokies' head coach from 1987 to 2015, and was the winningest active head coach in FBS football with 280 wins following the 2015 season. Coach Beamer ended his tenure as head coach with a win in the Independence Bowl in Shreveport, LA, where the Bowl streak began in 1993. Beamer's teams were known for solid special teamsplay (called "Beamer Ball") and for tough defenses headed by defensive coordinator Bud Foster. In 2018, Beamer was selected to join the 2018 College Football Hall of Fame.
On November 29, 2015, Virginia Tech Director of Athletics Whit Babcock announced that Justin Fuente was hired from the University of Memphis to succeed the retiring Frank Beamer. In Fuente's first season, Virginia Tech won the ACC Coastal Division and he was named the ACC Coach of the Year.
Men's basketball
Virginia Tech's men's basketball team plays home games in Cassell Coliseum. They have enjoyed moderate success in the postseason, making the NCAA Tournament 11 times.
Virginia Tech's men's basketball team saw a resurgence of fan support since the arrival of coach Seth Greenberg in 2003–04 and the university's entry into the ACC in 2004–05. Prior to Coach Greenberg's arrival in Blacksburg, the men's basketball team had not had a winning season since the 1995–96 season, when they received a bid to the NCAA tournament.
In 2003–04, Greenberg's squad made the Big East tournament. A year later, in their first season in the ACC, the Hokies scored their first postseason berth in nine years when they made the NIT in 2004–05. In the 2006–07 season, Greenberg's Hokies finished with a 10–6 record in the ACC and a 22–12 record overall, earning their first NCAA tournament berth in 11 years, reaching the NCAA second round before losing to Southern Illinois.
In March 2014, Virginia Tech Director of Athletics Whit Babcock announced the hiring of Buzz Williams as the Hokies' new head men's basketball coach. Williams spent the previous six seasons as the head coach at Marquette University, where he compiled a 139–69 record and led the Golden Eagles to five NCAA appearances and a Big East Conference regular season title. During Williams's tenure, Marquette tallied a 69–39 record in the Big East Conference, and six Marquette players made it to the NBA.
In the Buzz Williams era, Virginia Tech made NCAA Men's Tournament appearances in the 2017, 2018, and 2019 seasons, making it the first time in school history that Virginia Tech has made the NCAA Men's Tournament three years in a row. In the 2019 NCAA Tournament, Virginia Tech advanced to the Sweet Sixteen for the first time since 1967.
In April 2019, Whit Babcock announced the hiring of Mike Young after Buzz Williams left to become the head coach at Texas A&M. On March 12, 2022, Young led the Hokies to the ACC Tournament title for the first time in school history. The tournament final was played against Mike Krzyzewski's Duke Blue Devils in Coach K's final ACC tournament game. Tech, the seven seed, won 82-67 and only reached the final after beating Clemson, Notre Dame, and North Carolina in consecutive nights. The Hokies were the first seven seed to win the tournament in its long history.
Women's basketball
Virginia Tech's women's basketball team is led by coach Kenny Brooks and competes in the ACC. Under former coaches Beth Dunkenberger and Bonnie Henrickson, the program was a fixture in postseason play. The Hokies have received nine berths to the NCAA tournament since the program's first in 1994. Virginia Tech's women have also earned five NIT appearances during that stretch including back-to-back appearances in 2016 and 2017. They play their home games in Cassell Coliseum.
Soccer
Women's soccer at Virginia Tech began in 1980 with two club teams under the guidance of Everett Germain and his two daughters, Betsy and Julie. Kelly Cagle was head coach from 2002 to 2010, leaving with a record of 76–70–15 and three consecutive NCAA trips. She was succeeded by Charles "Chugger" Adair. Under Adair the Hokie Women's Soccer quad has spent numerous weeks ranked in the top 25 during their 2012 campaign. During the 2013 season Virginia Tech ranked in the top 5 making it to the Final Four for the first time in school history. The women's team has now been to 6 straight NCAA tournaments 2008–2013 having two Sweet Sixteen finishes and one Final Four finish.
Virginia Tech's men's soccer team has improved greatly since the arrival of Oliver Weiss, who has coached the team since 2000. Under Weiss, Tech has made four NCAA tournament appearances, including a trip to the College Cup in 2007. The Hokies' trip to the College Cup is the equivalent of men's basketball Final Four and was the soccer team's most successful season. The Hokies finished the 2007 regular season ranked third nationally.
Baseball
Chuck Hartman, who retired as the Virginia Tech baseball coach in 2006, finished his career as the fourth winningest coach in Division I baseball history with a 1,444–816–8 record, including a 961–591–18 mark in his 28 seasons at Tech, the best record of any baseball coach in history at Tech.
The team is currently coached by John Szefc.
Softball
Since starting its varsity program in 1996, the Virginia Tech softball team has played in six conference championship games, winning both the ACC regular season and tournament titles in 2007. Under head coach Scot Thomas and behind the strength of one of the nation's best college pitchers, senior All-American Angela Tincher, the Hokies made their fourth consecutive NCAA tournament appearance in 2008. On May 25, 2008, they defeated the fourth-seeded Michigan Wolverines to advance to their first College World Series, though the Hokies were held scoreless during that appearance and were quickly eliminated in two games. Virginia Tech Softball upset the USA national team in a 1–0 no hitter in 2008 and advanced to the Women's College World Series for the first time ever. Scot Thomas helped start the program in 1996 and celebrated his 600th win during the 2012 season. He was fired following the conclusion of the 2018 season after two consecutive losing seasons.
Since joining the ACC, the Virginia Tech Softball team has won two Conference Titles in 2007 and 2008. On May 31, 2018, Pete D'Amour was announced as the new head coach of the Virginia Tech softball program.
Golf
The men's golf team has won 12 conference championships:
Southern Conference (4): 1956, 1961, 1963, 1965
Metro Conference (2): 1993, 1994
Atlantic 10 Conference (2): 1996, 1997
Big East Conference (3): 2001, 2002, 2003
Atlantic Coast Conference (1): 2007 (Co-Champions)
In 2007, Virginia Tech golfer Drew Weaver became the first American to win the British Amateur golf tournament since 1979. Weaver edged out 2006 Australian Amateur champion Tim Stewart and earned an invitation to the 2007 Open Championship.
Former Hokies that have won at the professional level include: Johnson Wagner (three PGA Tour wins), Adam Hunter (one European Tour win), and Brendon de Jonge (one Nationwide Tour win).
Wrestling
The Virginia Tech Wrestling program was founded in 1920. The team holds its matches at Cassell Coliseum and practices in the training room on the third floor of the football locker room facility, renovated in 2010.
In 2006, Kevin Dresser was named the head coach of the wrestling program. The team won the 2014 ACC Tournament, led by captain Devin Carter, who was named Tournament MVP. The Hokies finished 8th overall in team standings at the 2014 NCAA Championships. Devin Carter was the runner-up at 141 lbs and Virginia Tech's first ever NCAA Tournament finalist.
During the 2014–15 season, a few select matches were held for the first time at the Moss Performing Arts Center on the Virginia Tech campus.
The Hokie Wrestling team won the 2015–16 regular season ACC dual meet title, after beating previously undefeated North Carolina State University in the last conference dual meet of the season. The team took second place at the 2016 ACC Tournament. The 2015–16 team also set program bests with six All-Americans and a fourth-place finish at the 2016 NCAA Division I Wrestling Championships, which is also the highest team finish for an ACC team ever. Kevin Dresser was named the 2016 NWCA Coach of the Year at the tournament.
In 2017, Tony Robie became the wrestling program's head coach, following Kevin Dresser's departure to Iowa State.
In 2019, redshirt freshman Mekhi Lewis became the first Hokie wrestler to win a national championship for Virginia Tech. Before his 7–1 victory over two-time defending national champion Vincenzo Joseph of Penn State in the 165-pound finals, Lewis dispatched the number one seed Alex Marinelli of Iowa in the quarterfinals and the number four seed Evan Wick of Wisconsin in the semi-finals. For his remarkable three-day performance, Lewis was named Most Outstanding Wrestler of the tournament.
Non-varsity sports
Ice hockey
Virginia Tech Ice Hockey was formed in 1984. They joined the newly formed ACCHL in 1995 and have competed there ever since. The team won the regular season champion title during the 1996–97 season with a record of 13–1. The Hokies play out of the Berglund Center in Roanoke and drew the biggest crowd in team history of 5,200+ to the VT vs. UVA game on January 19, 2007. They became the first non-Carolina team to win the Canes Cup on January 14, 2007 by defeating the Duke University Blue Devils, NC State University Wolfpack and the East Carolina University Pirates. During the 2010–2011 season, the Hokies turned towards a more competitive conference, the Mid-Atlantic Collegiate Hockey Association (MACHA), where they play in the same division against Liberty, East Carolina, Maryland, and UMBC. In the 2011–2012 season, the Hokies earned a berth in the ACHA Division II National Tournament for the first time in program history, finishing 12th in the nation. The Hokies captured their first MACH championship in 2013 by defeating (3) Liberty, (2) UMBC, and (1) Penn State in succession.
Rugby
The Virginia Tech rugby team was founded in 1968, although the first recorded college rugby match in Blacksburg dates back to 1891. Virginia Tech rugby plays in the Big East conference against its traditional ACC rivals. Tech rugby plays an annual rivalry match against University of Virginia for the Commonwealth Shield. The Hokies are supported by the Tech Rugby Alumni Association, which has established an endowment managed by the Virginia Tech Foundation that provides for limited scholarships for rugby players. The Hokies are led by head coach Carlos Dominguez.
The Hokies have been successful in rugby sevens. The Hokies finished third in their conference in spring 2012. The Hokies won the college division of the July 2012 Cape Fear 7s tournament. The Hokies also defeated other ACC teams to win the 2012 Virginia Tech 7s, beating NC State 22–5 in the final. In 2012, the Hokies defeated Virginia 33-31 to win the Atlantic Coast Rugby League 7s, automatically qualifying for the 2012 USA Rugby Sevens Collegiate National Championships. Winning the 2012 ARRL 7s also qualified the Hokies for the 2013 Collegiate Rugby Championship, the highest profile competition in college rugby, broadcast live on NBC from PPL Park in Philadelphia.
The Hokies claimed the 2021 D1-AA National Championship with a dominant tournament run featuring wins over Salisbury (91-0), Boise State (27-11), and West Chester (37-15). The following year, they repeated as champions, defeating the Louisville Cardinals in the 2022 D1-AA Championship Final (24-22).
Bass fishing
The Virginia Tech College Bass team was founded in the 2006–2007 school year, and won their first national title that same year.
Field Hockey
The Virginia Tech Club Field Hockey team was founded as a replacement of the D1 team in the 1990s. The team competes in the club-level National Field Hockey League, and won the league's championship in fall 2017.
National Championships
Virginia Tech, along with Kansas State and UCF, is one of only three Power Five conference schools that have not won an NCAA-recognized national championship in any varsity team sport. The Hokies listed below have won individual National Championships.
Swimming (1)
Youssef Ramadan - 100 yard butterfly, 2023
Wrestling (1)
Mekhi Lewis - 165-pound weight class, 2019
Men's Track & Field (11)
Spyridon Jullien - Weight Throw, 2005
Spyridon Jullien - Hammer Throw, 2005
Spyridon Jullien - Weight Throw, 2006
Spyridon Jullien - Hammer Throw, 2006
Marcel Lomnicky - Hammer Throw, 2009
Alexander Ziegler - Hammer Throw, 2011
Marcel Lomnicky - Weight Throw, 2012
Alexander Ziegler - Hammer Throw, 2012
Alexander Ziegler - Weight Throw, 2013
Tomas Kruzliak - Hammer Throw, 2013
Vincent Ciattei, Greg Chiles, Patrick Joseph, Neil Gourley - Men's DMR, 2018
Women's Track & Field (8)
Queen Harrison - 60m Hurdles, 2010
Queen Harrison - 400m Hurdles, 2010
Queen Harrison - 100m Hurdles, 2010
Dorotea Habazin - Hammer Throw, 2011
Irena Sediva - Javelin, 2015
Irena Sediva - Javelin, 2017
Rachel Baxter - Pole vault, 2022
Lindsey Butler - 800m, 2022
Non-Varsity Championships
Women's Club Soccer - 1997
Bass Fishing - 2007
Women's Gymnastics (NAIGC Level 8) - 2015
Field Hockey - 2017
Club Baseball - 2021
Rugby - 2021, 2022
Radio network affiliates
Virginia Tech IMG Sports Network Station List
See also
List of Old Hokies (Alumni)
Notes
References
Notes
External links | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virginia%20Tech%20Hokies |
Cape Enniberg is a cliff located on the Island of Viðoy. At high, it is one of the highest promontories in the world.
Enniberg is the northernmost point of the Faroe Islands. At the southern foot of the nearby mountain, Villingadalsfjall, lies the town of Viðareiði. In summer, boat trips run to Cape Enniberg, which is also the site of an important bird colony.
See also
Extreme points of the Faroe Islands
References
External links
Tours to Cape Enniberg
Headlands of the Faroe Islands
Mountains of the Faroe Islands
Faroe Islands | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape%20Enniberg |
Kenton-eLwandle, more commonly known as Kenton, is a small coastal town on the Sunshine Coast, in the Eastern Cape of South Africa. It is situated between the Bushmans and the Kariega Rivers, and lies approximately halfway between the industrial centres of East London () and Port Elizabeth (). Kenton-eLwandle is part of the Ndlambe Local Municipality in the Sarah Baartman District Municipality of the Eastern Cape.
The town has a population of just over 5000 people. The centre of Kenton is predominantly English-speaking, while the township of Ekuphumleni, which has a population of about 3600 people, is almost exclusively Xhosa-speaking.
References
External links
Town website
A real estate agency's description of Kenton on Sea's early history and amenities
Populated places in the Ndlambe Local Municipality
Populated coastal places in South Africa | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenton-eLwandle |
Floating World, a CD based upon a Japanese Fairy Tale, is the third album by Anathallo. It was self-released in 2006. "Floating World" is the English translation of the Japanese concept of Ukiyo.
Album text
Recorded at home by Glenn Hills & Anathallo
Drums and electric guitars recorded at Glow in the Dark Studios by Matt Goldman
Mixed at Glow in the Dark Studios by Matt Goldman
Mastered at Rodney Mills Mastering House
Floating World was written and performed by
Daniel Bracken, Andrew Dost, Matthew Joynt, Nathan Sandburg,Joel Thiele, Seth Walker, and Bret Wallin
Additional musicians
Timbre, Erica Froman, Chris Hatfield, Glenn Hills, Jeremiah Johnson,Brian Siers, Morgan Stewart, and Israel Vasquez
Design by Greg Leppert for Quiet | letsbequiet.com
Song facts
"Hanasakajijii 1-4" are based on a Japanese folk story (Hanasaka Jiisan) about a dog that digs up gold for its master.
The songs "Dokkoise House (With Face Covered)" and "Kasa No Hone (The Umbrella's Bones)" are both from a collection of poems called Japanese Peasant Songs.
The lyrics of "By Number" feature a Japanese translation of Psalm 139:5, "Thou hast beset me behind and before, and laid thine hand upon me."
The song "Yuki! Yuki! Yuki!" was featured in a late 2007 Vicks ad.
"Dokkoise House (With Face Covered)" makes use of time
Track listing
"Ame" – 0:49
"Genessaret (Going Out Over 30,000 Fathoms of Water)" – 5:32
"Hoodwink" – 5:48
"By Number" – 5:08
"Dokkoise House (With Face Covered)" – 6:00
"Hanasakajijii (Four: A Great Wind, More Ash)" – 4:44
"Hanasakajijii (One: The Angry Neighbor)" – 3:10
"Inu (Howling)" – 1:20
"Hanasakajijii (Two: Floating World)" – 4:57
"The Bruised Reed" – 6:04
"Yuki! Yuki! Yuki!" – 1:14
"Hanasakajijii (Three: The Man Who Made Dead Trees Bloom)" – 4:26
"Cuckoo Spitting Blood" – 3:05
"Kasa No Hone (The Umbrella's Bones)" – 2:08
References
External links
Anathallo official website
2006 albums
Anathallo albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Floating%20World%20%28Anathallo%20album%29 |
Alexakis is a Greek surname. The female form of the surname is Alexaki. Notable people with the surname include:
Art Alexakis (born 1962), American musician
Ioannis Sotiris Alexakis (1885–1980), Greek general
Vassilis Alexakis (1943–2021), Greek-French writer and translator
Greek-language surnames | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexakis |
The Senate House Libraries (SHL), formerly The University of London Research Library Services, was a group of libraries based in Bloomsbury which together comprised an extensive research collection across the humanities and social sciences. It existed under this name from 2011 to 2013.
SHL was a division of the University of London, headquartered at Senate House on Russell Square, and was formed by bringing together the former University of London Library (now Senate House Library) and the libraries of the various institutes comprising the School of Advanced Study. The previous umbrella name, University of London Research Library Services (ULRLS) was replaced by Senate House Libraries on 1 April 2011 in a rebranding exercise.
The following eight libraries were part of SHL:
Institute for the Study of the Americas library
Institute of Advanced Legal Studies library
Institute of Classical Studies library
Institute of Commonwealth Studies library
Institute of Germanic and Romance Studies library
Institute of Historical Research library
Senate House Library
Warburg Institute library
The combined holdings of the libraries amount to almost 3 million volumes, including many thousands of journals, and numerous deep and rich collections of research materials in subjects across the disciplines.
The Senate House Libraries group was dismantled in 2013; in 2014 Senate House Library joined the School of Advanced Study. There are now four independent libraries in the School of Advanced Study: Senate House Library and the libraries of the Institute of Advanced Legal Studies, the Institute of Classical Studies, the Institute of Historical Research and the Warburg Institute.
References
External links
University of London - Senate House Libraries
Senate House Library
Libraries in the London Borough of Camden
University of London
Academic libraries in London
Research libraries in the United Kingdom | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Senate%20House%20Libraries |
Tyro is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) located west of Lexington and south of Winston-Salem in Davidson County, North Carolina, United States. As of the 2010 census, the community had a population of 3,879.
Geography
Tyro is located in western Davidson County along North Carolina Highway 150. Neighboring communities include Reeds to the northeast on NC 150, Churchland to the southwest on NC 150, Linwood to the southeast, and the city of Lexington to the east.
Located west of Tyro is Boone's Cave Park on the Yadkin River. Daniel Boone is rumored to have once hidden in the cave from a group of Native Americans who were avidly pursuing him.
According to the United States Census Bureau, the Tyro CDP has an area of , all land.
Demographics
Historic sites
Haden Place, Capt. John Koonts Jr. Farm, St. Luke's Lutheran Church Cemetery, and Tyro Tavern are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Education
Tyro is home to West Davidson High School (2012 Davidson County Quiz Bowl Champs) as well as Tyro Middle School; both of which are part of the Davidson County School System.
References
Census-designated places in Davidson County, North Carolina
Census-designated places in North Carolina | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tyro%2C%20North%20Carolina |
Earl of Middleton was a title in the Peerage of Scotland. It was created 1 October 1656 for army officer John Middleton, together with the subsidiary title Lord Clermont and Fettercairn, also in the Peerage of Scotland. In 1674, he was succeeded by his son, Charles, who served in political offices under Charles II and James II & VII. In 1693 the second earl joined the exiled king in France and was subsequently tried for treason in absentia on 23 July 1694 and the titles attainted by act of Parliament on 2 July 1695. Charles was made Earl of Monmouth and Viscount Clermont in the Jacobite Peerage of England in 1701.
Earls of Middleton (1656)
John Middleton, 1st Earl of Middleton (1619–1674)
Charles Middleton, 2nd Earl of Middleton (1649/1650–1719) (attainted 1695)
Arms
Per fess or and gules, a lion rampant within a double tressure, flowered and counter-flowered with fleurs-de-lis, all counterchanged.
References
Forfeited earldoms in the Peerage of Scotland
Noble titles created in 1656 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earl%20of%20Middleton |
Hennef (Sieg) () is a town in the Rhein-Sieg district of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is situated on the river Sieg, approx. south-east of Siegburg and east of Bonn. Hennef is the fourth-biggest town in the Rhein-Sieg-Kreis (i.e. district). It is the site of the 15th-century castle, Schloss Allner, next to the Allner See. Within Hennef is the town of Stadt Blankenberg, with the castle of Blankenberg.
Hennef is also known as the "City of 100 villages".
Twin towns – sister cities
Hennef is twinned with:
Banbury, England, United Kingdom (1981)
Le Pecq, France (1997)
Nowy Dwór Gdański, Poland (2001)
Foley, United States (2022)
Trivia
The first calibratable automatic weighing scales in the world were invented by Carl Reuther in Hennef
Hennef's current district of Geistingen was first mentioned in a document from 885. Hennef itself was first mentioned in 1075 as "Hannafo"
The national football team sometimes trains here; at the FIFA Confederations Cup in 2005 the Argentina national football team stayed here.
Football teams Tura Hennef and F.C. Geistingen amalgamated in 2005 to become Hennef '05
The song What Is Love by Haddaway was written and produced in Hennef
Notable people
Annika Zeyen (born 1985), Paralympic champion (wheelchair basketball and Handbike)
Joseph Dietzgen (1828–1888), philosopher
Hank Levine (born 1965), movie director, producer
Walter von Loë (1828–1908), Prussian field marshal
Ranga Yogeshwar (born 1959), scientist
Kim Petras (born 1992), pop singer and songwriter
References
External links
Stadt Hennef – Official website
John Rosauer, "Erinnerungen an den Krieg an der Sieg." "Memories of War on the Sieg," an account of the destruction of Hennef by Allied forces during World War II, based on interviews with survivors.
Rhein-Sieg-Kreis | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hennef%20%28Sieg%29 |
A heating system is a mechanism for maintaining temperatures at an acceptable level; by using thermal energy within a home, office, or other dwelling. Often part of an HVAC (heating, ventilation, air conditioning) system. A heating system may be a central heating system or distributed.
See also
Central heating
HVAC
Boiler
Radiator
Solar energy
Heating plant
Heating | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heating%20system |
"Seducción" () is the third single from Thalía's tenth studio album El Sexto Sentido (2005). The song was written by Estéfano and Julio Reyes and produced by Estéfano. This pop/dance track was originally scheduled to be the first single from the album instead of "Amar Sin Ser Amada."
Music video
The music video for "Seducción" was directed by Jeb Brien, who has also directed more videos for Thalía like "¿A Quién le Importa?" and "Amar Sin Ser Amada", and was shot in the Nikki Beach Club in New York, and featured model Greg Plitt as her love interest.
The video was officially released by the EMI Music Official Website, and later by Primer Impacto on TV. It aired in January 2006
Single
Seducción" (Album Version)
Official Versions & Remixes
"Seducción" (Spanish Version)
"Seducción" (Duranguense Version)
"Seducción" (Cumbia Norteña Version)
"Seduction" ("Seducción" English Version)
Charts
External links
"Seducción" music video
Lyrics of this song - Seducción
References
Thalía songs
2006 singles
Spanish-language songs
EMI Latin singles
Songs written by Estéfano
2005 songs
Songs written by Julio Reyes Copello
Song recordings produced by Estéfano | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seducci%C3%B3n%20%28song%29 |
Stojaković () is a Serbian surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Đorđe Stojaković (1810–1863), Serbian political activist, lawyer and revolutionary
Igor Stojaković (born 1980), Serbian football player
Jadranka Stojaković (born 1950), Serbian singer-songwriter
Nenad Stojaković (born 1980), Serbian football midfielder
Peja Stojaković (born 1977), Serbian basketball player
See also
Stojanović, a surname
Stojković, a surname
Surnames of Serbian origin | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stojakovi%C4%87 |
Live on Broadway is a live album by singer-songwriter Barry Manilow, released in 1990. The album was recorded at the Chicago Theatre in Chicago, Illinois, on December 2 and December 3, 1989.
Track listing
Track information and credits taken from the album's liner notes.
References
External links
Barry Manilow Official Site
Arista Records Official Site
1990 live albums
Live on Broadway
Arista Records live albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live%20on%20Broadway |
The suffix -ey can appear in the English language:
from Dutch/Scottish origin, as a diminutive like -ie or simply -y, with several other values
from Old Norse, in placenames with the meaning of "island", as in Jersey, Guernsey, Alderney, or Caldey
See also
EY (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/-ey |
Nowitzki and Nowizki are Germanized forms of the Polish surname Nowicki, also spread across the Baltic region. Notable people with the name include:
Dirk Nowitzki (born 1978), German professional basketball player
Helga Nowitzki, German professional basketball player; mother of Dirk and Silke
Silke Nowitzki (born 1974), German professional basketball player
Tamara Nowitzki (born 1976), Australian swimmer
Fictional characters
Ramona Nowitzki, a character from the sitcom The Big Bang Theory
See also
Novitsky
Nowicki
German-language surnames
Surnames of Polish origin | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nowitzki%20%28surname%29 |
John Carroll (born November 8, 1955) is an American basketball coach, currently an assistant coach for the University of Rhode Island men's basketball team. He served as the head coach for the Boston Celtics of the National Basketball Association (NBA), during the latter part of the 2003–04 season, temporarily replacing Jim O'Brien, who had resigned. At the end of the season he was replaced as head coach by Doc Rivers.
Playing career
A point guard at Summit High School in Summit, New Jersey, Carroll captained his senior team to the New Jersey state championship. Carroll was a four-year starter at Dickinson College in Carlisle, Pennsylvania, where he earned a degree in psychology in 1977.
Coaching career
Carroll was the head basketball coach at Bloomfield College in Bloomfield, New Jersey from 1979 to 1982. The Deacons were 42–38 under Carroll and advanced to the NAIA District Finals twice in three seasons. He went on to become an assistant coach at Seton Hall University under P. J. Carlesimo for seven seasons before becoming the head basketball coach for Duquesne University from 1989 to 1995. He compiled a 73–98 career record with one winning season, in 1993–94, when the Dukes went 17–13 overall and 8–8 in the Atlantic 10 Conference. They earned a trip to the National Invitation Tournament (NIT), where they beat UNC Charlotte in the first round but lost to Villanova in second round. Carroll was the Atlantic 10 Coach of the Year for the 1990–91 season after leading the Dukes to a 10–8 conference record.
Carroll now coaches for the New England Playaz AAU program.
Head coaching record
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|Boston
| style="text-align:left;"|
|36||14||22|||| align="center"|4th in Atlantic|||4||0||4|| .000
| style="text-align:center;"|Lost in First Round
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:left;"|Career
| ||36||14||22|||| ||4||0||4||.000||
References
External links
John Carroll profile @ NBA.com
1955 births
Living people
Basketball coaches from New Jersey
Boston Celtics head coaches
Dickinson Red Devils men's basketball players
Duquesne Dukes men's basketball coaches
Sportspeople from Summit, New Jersey
Basketball players from Union County, New Jersey
Point guards
Seton Hall Pirates men's basketball coaches
American men's basketball players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Carroll%20%28basketball%29 |
Marmaduke Duke are a Scottish conceptual rock duo from Ayrshire, Scotland, comprising Simon Neil of Biffy Clyro and JP Reid of Sucioperro. Within the band, the pair perform under the pseudonyms The Atmosphere and The Dragon respectively. According to Neil, the band, and its albums, are "based on a trilogy of unreleased manuscripts that a friend of ours brought to this country a few years ago. We're really just working to soundtrack those stories."
To date, the band have released two studio albums, with their second, Duke Pandemonium, achieving commercial success in the United Kingdom. The album entered the UK Albums Chart at No. 14.
Background and studio albums
Beginnings and The Magnificent Duke
Marmaduke Duke reputedly formed in 2003. However, prior recording and touring commitments to their own respective bands meant that it took until 2005 for the band's first album - an 18-track album named The Magnificent Duke, and presented as a triptych of discs - to be released.
Duke Pandemonium
Duke Pandemonium, the band's second studio album, was released on 11 May 2009.
In Duke Pandemonium, the band adopted a more synthesiser based approach - a radical departure from their previous musical style, and reflected in the style of two tracks ("Silhouettes" and "Everybody Dance") previewed on their web site prior to the album's launch. During live performances, again prior to the album's release, the band also performed the tracks "Erotic Robotic", "Music Show" and "Heartburn", confirming their inclusion on the then-forthcoming album.
The album was originally scheduled for release in late 2006, and a three-track sampler CD was distributed to magazines and radio stations in spring 2006. However, due to the touring and recording commitments of Biffy Clyro, and the intervention of 14th Floor Records, the decision was made to postpone the album's release until Marmaduke Duke could actually tour and promote the new record.
In late 2008, it was announced that Duke Pandemonium was to be released through 14th Floor Records (an imprint of Warner Music UK) in April 2009, preceded by two singles; 'Kid Gloves' in March 2009 and 'Rubber Lover' in April 2009.
The Death of the Duke
According to JP Reid, the band's one-song conclusion to the musical trilogy, The Death of the Duke, will be "a modern classical two guitar death march. At the moment we’re working on riffs and rhythms." The band plan to record the album live at a concert, with contributions from 10 members of the audience. In 2019, when asked on Twitter about when the album would be released, Reid replied: "I'd speculate sooner rather than later and when the time is right." Neil told NME in May 2020 that they have been close to finishing the new record "for about two years” and were due to finish it in March but were set back by the UK coronavirus lockdown.
Live performances
Marmaduke Duke have thus far only played two small tours, during which they played at venues in Edinburgh, Dundee, London, Manchester, Glasgow, Newcastle, Cardiff and Birmingham. On 9 June 2009, they were added to the Reading & Leeds Festival lineup, headlining the Festival Republic Stage on the Friday in Reading and the Sunday in Leeds. They also played T In the Park In 2009 on the Radio 1/NME stage.
Live lineup
Live, the group consists JP Reid (vocals, guitar) and Simon Neil (vocals, synth, guitar and bass). The duo are augmented by James Johnston (bass, vocals) and drummers Fergus Munro and Ben Johnston. There is usually also a cloaked/masked figure on stage during performances, known only as "The Duke"; played by Sucioperro's ex-bassist Michael Logg also known as "The Big Slice". This character might be construed as the band's own version of Public Enemy's Flavor Flav or the Happy Mondays' Bez.
Regarding the inclusion of Ben and James, Simon Neil states: "It wouldn't feel right to be out and playing without them, you know?"
Discography
Albums
Singles
References
External links
2009 Interview
Manchester Deaf Institute Gig Review March 2009
Duke Pandemonium Review
Official Site
Scottish rock music groups
British post-hardcore musical groups
Rock music duos
Musical groups from Kilmarnock
Musical groups established in 2003
14th Floor Records artists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marmaduke%20Duke |
Christianne Oliveira (previously Christianne Gadd) (born 1971) is a Brazilian actress, known for playing Donna Doyle on Night and Day from 2001 to 2003 and Countess Belanova on The Great from 2020 to 2023.
Career
Oliveira also appeared in the movie Chocolat with Johnny Depp in 2000, playing Chitza.
In 2003, she appeared in a video clip of the Arabian singer Amr Diab. The clip was on song (Ana ayesh) and Oliveira was the sweetheart of Amr Diab in the clip, which was popular in Egypt and the Middle East.
Oliveira joined the cast of EastEnders in May 2006, playing Carla Mitchell. She got the part after having strong sexual chemistry with Ross Kemp, who plays her on-screen husband, Grant Mitchell, at her audition.
She joined the cast of Rodrigo Rodrigues`s Goitaca with Marlon Blue, Leandro Firmino, Luciano Szafir and Lady Francisco.
From 2020 to 2023, Oliveira recurred as Countess Belanova in The Great alongside Nicholas Hoult and Elle Fanning.
Quotes
"It's a real delight to be invited to work on such a well-known show. I have been a fan of Ross' work for many years now so working with him will be a true pleasure." ~ Daily Star Sunday, 19 February 2006.
In 2009, she had a part in the Belgian series het "goddelijke monster"
Filmography
2000 – Chocolat – Chitza
2003 – Night and Day – Donna Doyle
2006 – EastEnders – Carla Mitchell
2020–2023 – The Great – Countess Belanova
2021 – Goitaca – Camapua
2021 – Pecado Vermelho – Geralda
Trivia
Christianne appeared in former pop star Kavana's music video "Crazy Chance" back in 1997.
Awards and nominations
References
External links
1979 births
Living people
Brazilian soap opera actresses
Brazilian expatriates in England | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christianne%20Oliveira |
PEC or Pan European Crossing is a fibre optic cable network that links the European Union and the United Kingdom. It has a submarine telecommunications cable system segment crossing the English Channel linking the United Kingdom, Belgium, and France.
One cable has landing points in:
Dumpton Gap, Broadstairs, Kent, United Kingdom
Bredene near Ostend, West Flanders, Belgium
The other cable has landing points in:
Seaford, East Sussex, United Kingdom
Veules-les-Roses, France
References
Alcatel-Lucent website
Submarine communications cables in the English Channel
Belgium–United Kingdom relations
France–United Kingdom relations
Bredene | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PEC%20%28cable%20system%29 |
Advance HE (formerly the Higher Education Academy) is a British charity and professional membership scheme promoting excellence in higher education. It advocates evidence-based teaching methods and awards fellowships as professional recognition for university teachers. Founded in 2003, the Higher Education Academy was responsible for the UK Professional Standards Framework for higher education practitioners and merged (with the Leadership Foundation for Higher Education and Equality Challenge Unit) to form Advance HE on 21 March 2018.
History
Development of Teacher Education
The history of teacher training in the United Kingdom is a complex subject. Faced with chronic personnel shortages after the Second World War, the government invested in training programmes and required all teachers (in the state sector) to acquire qualified teacher status (from 1946).
For the next half century, universities supported this policy by providing both graduate entry into teaching and teacher training programmes. In more recent decades, however, there had been a shift towards school-based training for teaching and also a change in terminology as "teacher education" displaced "teacher training".
Despite Higher Education involvement in teacher training, University Lecturers have not required any formal qualifications beyond demonstrating (usually through publications and a higher degree, such as a doctorate), expert subject knowledge. The merits of professional teaching qualifications for University Lecturers became an issue for debate during the later twentieth century.
Institute for Learning and Teaching in Higher Education (2000–2004)
The Dearing Report (1997) recommended the establishment of a professional body for Lecturers that would define standards and accredit training for university teaching and that, during their probationary periods, all new Lecturers should be required to achieve 'at least associate membership' of the new Institute. The Institute for Learning and Teaching in Higher Education was founded in 2000.
Higher Education Academy (2003–2018)
In January 2003, a committee (established by HEFCE, Universities UK and the Standing Conference of Principals) recommended the establishment of a single central body responsible for standards of teaching in higher education. Subsequently, the Higher Education Academy was formed (2003) by the merging of the Institute for Learning and Teaching in Higher Education, Learning and Teaching Support Network and National Coordination Team for the Teaching Quality Enhancement Fund. The Academy became a registered company in October 2003 and charity in January 2004.
The Bell Review recommended a single sector agency for equality and diversity, learning and teaching, and leadership and governance in higher education. Consequently, the Academy merged with the Leadership Foundation for Higher Education and the Equality Challenge Unit to form Advance HE on 21 March 2018.
Aims and purpose
Advance HE has stated its overall aim:
Advance HE devised a particular set of standards for university teaching (the 'UK Professional Standards Framework'), conferring professional recognition on academics who have met these standards, and runs the UK's annual National Teaching Fellowship awards. It also provides many online resources, some discipline-specific and some more generic, and organises workshops, seminars and journals on matters of interest. The HEA has a 'policy think-tank' and is engaged in research into teaching and learning, e.g. exploring the applicability of 'grade point average' schemes to the UK.
UK Professional Standards Framework (UKPSF)
The UK Professional Standards Framework (UKPSF) for teaching and supporting learning in higher education is a voluntary scheme for describing the competences and values expected of university teaching staff in the UK. The scheme consists of four "descriptors" corresponding to different roles in higher education, and defines the areas of activity, core knowledge and professional values expected at each level. The UKPSF was developed by AdvanceHE and the descriptors correspond to the levels in HEA's professional recognition scheme.
The introduction of national professional standards for university teachers was one of the higher education reforms proposed in the DfES white paper "The Future of Higher Education" (2003) which outlined plans to introduce new standards and ensure that all new university teaching staff achieved a qualification that met them. These would be the responsibility of a new "centre of excellence" in the form of a "teaching quality academy". The Higher Education Academy was formed and commissioned by the UK's education funding councils and Universities UK to develop new standards which became known as the "UK Professional Standards Framework" or "UKPSF".
The framework has two elements: the "descriptors" (describing higher education roles and associated competences), and the "dimensions of practice" (describing the activities, core knowledge and professional values expected of practitioners). There are four descriptors corresponding to support staff with minor teaching duties, full academics (e.g. lecturers), senior academics with teaching specialisms, and senior management with strategic responsibility for teaching. The descriptors correspond to the four grades within the HEA's professional recognition scheme and academic staff are usually expected to demonstrate that they meet the second descriptor during their probationary period. The framework is used to accredit training schemes for university teachers such as the Postgraduate Certificate in Higher Education (PGCHE) and the Postgraduate Certificate in Academic Practice (PGCAP).
Gender Equality and Athena SWAN (2005)
Advance HE manage the Athena Swan Charter framework (established in 2005) which is used to support gender equality within higher education and research.
In June 2022, Advance HE announced it would change its guidelines that ask universities to commit to "collective understanding that individuals have the right to determine their own gender identity and tackling the specific issues faced by trans and non-binary people". Academics at the University of Cambridge had refused to comply; Arif Ahmed, reader in philosophy said: "A university should absolutely not be ‘fostering collective understanding’ on controversial issues but encouraging open debate."
Membership
Fellowships of the HEA and professional recognition
Advance HE operates a professional recognition scheme for university teachers who have demonstrated that their teaching practices are well-aligned with the UKPSF. This is intended both to encourage excellence in teaching and provide academics with a portable qualification transferable between institutions. There are four grades:
AFHEA – Associate Fellow of the Higher Education Academy (previously Associate (AHEA) of the Academy)
FHEA – Fellow of the Higher Education Academy
SFHEA – Senior Fellow of the Higher Education Academy
PFHEA – Principal Fellow of the Higher Education Academy
Associate Fellow represents the minimum level of competence expected of any university teacher. Fellow represents the level normally required in an established academic post. These grades can be awarded on the basis of an assessed portfolio (containing a candidate's statement and supporting references) or on completion of an accredited course such as a PGCHE or PGCAP. Senior Fellow and Principal Fellow represent significant leadership in the promotion of teaching excellence, and are only awarded on the basis of an assessed portfolio.
Funding
The Academy was funded by grants from four higher education funding bodies in the UK (HEFCE, SFC, HEFCW and DELNI), subscriptions from higher education institutions, and grant/contract income for organised initiatives. It is owned by the representative bodies of the higher education sector – Universities UK and GuildHE (formerly known as the Standing Conference of Principals).
Historical Activities: Subject Centres
The Academy incorporated "Subject Centres" to share best practices in specific disciplines (2003-12). These were based around the UK at relevant university faculties (until they closed on 1 January 2012). Archived resources are still available in the discipline pages of the HEA website:
Art, Design and Media
Bioscience
Built Environment
Business Management and Accountancy (BEST)
Economics
Education (ESCALATE)
Engineering
English
Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences
Health Sciences and Practice
History, Classics and Archaeology
Hospitality, Leisure, Sport and Tourism
Information and Computer Sciences
Languages, Linguistics and Area Studies
Law (UK Centre for Legal Education)
Materials (UK Centre for Materials Education)
Maths, Stats & OR Network
Medicine, Dentistry and Veterinary Medicine
PALATINE – Dance, Drama and Music
Philosophical and Religious Studies
Physical Sciences
Psychology
Sociology, Anthropology and Politics
Social Policy and Social Work (SWAP)
See also
Dearing Report
Universities UK
GuildHE
UK Professional Standards Framework (higher education)
Postgraduate Certificate in Higher Education
Postgraduate Certificate in Academic Practice
Notes
External links
Higher Education Academy
AdvanceHE
Higher Education Academy
Higher education in the United Kingdom
2003 establishments in the United Kingdom
Organisations based in York
Educational organisations based in the United Kingdom
Quality awards | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Advance%20HE |
Hebei Zhongxing Automobile Co Ltd, branded as ZX Auto, is a Chinese producer of SUVs and pick-up trucks. Co-owned by Tianye Automobile Group Co Ltd and Taiwan Unite Leading Co, it was established in 1999 and exports to the Middle East, Southeast Asia, Africa, and Central and South America. The company claims a per year production capacity of 110,000 units – a figure that could conflate engines and whole vehicles.
History
In the latter half of the 2000s, the company sought access to the US market with the help of US company Capital Corp, and it participated in the 2007 National Automobile Dealers Association convention. While US sales were touted as late as 2008, the company has yet to sell its models in developed countries. Products are available in some EU member states, however.
During the Libyan civil war, only 6 ZX Auto Grand Tiger pick-up trucks found their way into rebel hands and were turned into technicals replete with mounted guns. As the conflict progressed, pro-Qaddafi forces also began using pick-ups after NATO aerial bombing raids disabled their armoured vehicles. Some of the ZX Auto Grand Tiger pickups used in this civil war may have been branded as Tayo Auto Grandhiland. When fighting commenced in 2011, there were at least 15,000 ZX Auto pick-ups already in the country.
Some sales are to Chinese state organizations.
, the company removed a reference to co-ownership by Taiwan Unite Leading Co and Hebei Tianye Automobile Group Co Ltd from its website. Website modifications also included changing the year of the company's formation from 1999 to 1949 although 1999 remained referenced as the year ZX Auto was "transformed into a joint venture company."
Production bases and facilities
ZX Auto has two vehicle factories and a R&D center. While one factory and the R&D center are likely located in Baoding, Hebei, where the company is based, the second factory may be in Changchun as ZX Auto has part-ownership of a production base in this city with Changling Group Co Ltd. In late 2010, it started construction of a new plant in Yichang, Hubei, that will build SUVs and sedans. As of late 2014, the company does reference a Baoding production base on its website claiming a production capacity of 50,000 units.
Some of its products are assembled in small, overseas factories from knock-down kits, and ZX Auto states that the majority of its exports are in the form of these kits. The companies that own these factories and do the final assembly are not necessarily affiliated with ZX Auto. Such assembly has commenced in Egypt, Iran, and Jordan, where a 5,000 unit/year factory was under construction as of 2008. As of 2011, the company hopes new knock-down factories will spring up in Mexico and Malaysia. In Poland, a pick-up, the Grand Tiger, is produced and sold by Polish company POL-MOT Warfama. Probably assembled from knock-down kits, Polish models sport an engine that complies with EU regulations.
Models
Current
ZX Grand Tiger () pick-up
ZX Weihu () pick-up
ZX Terralord () pick-up
ZX Weishi ()/ G9 pick-up
ZX C3 Urban Ark CUV/ ZX Cross Van
Former
ZX Admiral SUV and pick-up
ZX Chanling () pick-up
ZX Landmark SUV
See also
List of automobile manufacturers of China
References
External links
Official website
Polish producer page
Malaysian reseller website
Car manufacturers of China
Companies based in Baoding
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1999
Chinese brands
Truck manufacturers of China
Chinese companies established in 1999 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ZX%20Auto |
Stapp may refer to
Stapp (surname)
Stapp's ironical paradox by Colonel John Paul Stapp
Stapp, Kentucky, an unincorporated community in the U.S.
Stapp, Oklahoma, an unincorporated community in the U.S.
Leive, Parks and Stapp Opera House in Indiana, U.S.
Stapp's Circle S Ranch in Indiana, U.S. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stapp |
In the Dungeons & Dragons role-playing game, orcs are a primitive race of savage, bestial, barbaric humanoid.
Publication history
The orc was one of the earliest creatures introduced in the D&D game. The D&D orc is largely based upon the orcs appearing in the works of J. R. R. Tolkien.
Dungeons & Dragons (1974–1976)
The orc was one of the first monsters introduced in the earliest edition of the game, in the Dungeons & Dragons "white box" set (1974), where they were described as tribal creatures that live in caves or villages.
Advanced Dungeons & Dragons 1st edition (1977–1988)
The orc appears in the first edition Monster Manual (1977), where it is described as a fiercely competitive bully, a tribal creature often living underground.
The mythology and attitudes of the orcs are described in detail in Dragon #62 (June 1982), in Roger E. Moore's article, "The Half-Orc Point of View".
In the article "Hey, Wanna Be a Kobold?" by Joseph Clay in Dragon #141 (January 1989), kobolds, xvarts, goblins, and orcs were presented as player character races along with two new character classes the "Shaman" and the "Witch Doctor".
Dungeons & Dragons (1977–1999)
This edition of the D&D game included its own version of the orc, in the Dungeons & Dragons Basic Set (1977, 1981, 1983). The orc was featured as a player character race in The Orcs of Thar (1989). Orcs were also later featured in the Dungeons & Dragons Game set (1991), the Dungeons & Dragons Rules Cyclopedia (1991), the Classic Dungeons & Dragons Game set (1994), and the Dungeons & Dragons Adventure Game set (1999).
The Krugel orcs are presented as a player character race for the Hollow World campaign setting in the Hollow World Boxed Set, in the "Player's Guide" (1990).
Advanced Dungeons & Dragons 2nd edition (1989–1999)
The orc appears first in the Monstrous Compendium Volume One (1989), which also features the orog, a relative of the orc. The orc and orog are reprinted in the Monstrous Manual (1993).
The orc is first detailed as a playable character race in The Complete Book of Humanoids (1993). The orc is later presented as a playable character race again in Player's Option: Skills & Powers (1995).
The scro, a space-faring relative of the orc for the Spelljammer campaign setting first appears in Monstrous Compendium Spelljammer Appendix II (1991), and then in the modules Goblin's Return (1991) and Heart of the Enemy (1992). The scro is then presented as a player character race for the setting in The Complete Spacefarer's Handbook (1992) and is expanded on a few years later in the first Dragon Annual (1996) in the "Campaign Classics" feature.
The ondonti, a version of orcs bred by the goddess Eldath in the Forgotten Realms campaign setting, first appear in the Ruins of Zhentil Keep boxed set (in the Monstrous Compendium booklet) in 1995. The black and red neo-orog appear in the Realms' Spellbound boxed set (1995). These orc variants all then appear in the Monstrous Compendium Annual Volume Three (1996).
The Orog for the Birthright campaign setting appeared in the Birthright Campaign Setting set (1995).
Dungeons & Dragons 3.0 edition (2000–2002)
The orc appears in the Monster Manual for this edition (2000).
The gray orc is presented as a player character race for the Forgotten Realms setting in both Races of Faerûn (2003), and Unapproachable East (2003). The mountain orc and orog (deep orc) also presented as player character races in Races of Faerûn.
Dungeons & Dragons 3.5 edition (2003–2007)
The orc appears in the revised Monster Manual for this edition (2003).
The aquatic orc, the arctic orc, the desert orc, the jungle orc, the orc paragon, and the water orc were all introduced in Unearthed Arcana (2004). The orc snow shaman appeared in Frostburn: Mastering the Perils of Ice and Snow (2004). The orc battle priest, the orc berserker, and the war howler orc are introduced in the Monster Manual IV (2006). The frostblood orcs appear in Dragon Magic (2006).
The sharakim are a race of orcs that were transformed from humans, and appeared as a player character race in Races of Destiny (2004).
The scro of the Spelljammer setting return in Dragon #339 (January 2006).
Dungeons & Dragons 4th edition (2008–2014)
The orc appears in the Monster Manual for this edition (2008), and is also presented as an optional player character race.
Dungeons & Dragons 5th edition (2014–)
The orc appears in the Monster Manual for this edition (2014). Orcs are given further detail and are available as a Player Character race in the supplement Volo's Guide to Monsters.
Description
Orcs are carnivorous humanoids, standing approximately 5'11" to 6'2", weighing from 180 to 280 lbs. They are easily noticeable due to their green to gray skin, lupine ears, lower canines resembling boar tusks, and their muscular builds. Orcs stand in a bent over shape making them appear as ape-like humans.
Bestial and savage, orcs band together as trıbes, living on hunting and raiding. Believing that the only way to survive is by expanding their territories, they have developed enmities wıth many other races, although mainly elves and dwarves, as well as humans, gnomes, halflings, goblins, hobgoblins, and even other orc tribes. Even though they have good relationships with other evil humanoids in times of peace, their chaotic nature stops them from cooperating unless forced to do so by a powerful leader. Orcs live in a patriarchal society, taking pride on how many females and male children they have. Orcs like scars and take pride in exposing them, whether they are of a victory or loss. Their chief deity Gruumsh claims that the orc is the top of the food chain, and that all riches are the property of orcs stolen by others.
Aside from Gruumsh, the other orc deities include Bahgtru (deity of Strength and Combat), Ilneval (deity of Warfare and Leadership), Luthic (goddess of Fertility, Medicine, Females, and Servitude), Shargaas (deity of darkness, night, stealth, thieves, and the undead), and Yurtrus (deity of death and disease).
Subtype
In earlier editions of Dungeons & Dragons, the orc was a subtype of goblinoid. In the third version, the orc was promoted to its own subtype.
In earlier editions
Orcs vary widely in appearance as a result of frequent crossbreeding with other species. In general, they resemble primitive humans with grey-green skin covered with coarse hair. Orcs have a slightly stooped posture, a low jutting forehead, and a snout instead of a nose. Orcs have well-developed canine teeth for eating meat and short pointed ears that resemble those of a wolf. Orcish snouts and ears have a slightly pink tinge. Their eyes are human, with a reddish tint that sometimes makes them appear to glow red when they reflect dim light sources in near darkness. This is actually part of their optical system, a pigment which gives them infravision. Male orcs are about 5½ to 6 feet tall. Females average 6 inches shorter than males. Orcs prefer to wear colors that most humans think unpleasant: blood red, rust red, mustard yellow, yellow green, moss green, greenish purple, and blackish brown. Their armor is unattractive besides—dirty and often a bit rusty. Orcs speak Orcish, a language derived from older human and elvish languages. There is no common standard of Orcish, so the language has many dialects which vary from tribe to tribe. Orcs have also learned to speak local common tongues, but are not comfortable with them. Some orcs have a limited vocabulary in goblin, hobgoblin, and ogre dialects.
Earlier versions of Dungeons & Dragons depicted orcs slightly differently. They were Lawful Evil and had fully porcine snouts. An illustration by David C. Sutherland III in the 1977 Monster Manual clearly showed them with pig-like faces, a depiction which persisted for several years. For example, illustrations accompanying the Dungeons & Dragons tournament adventure Round the Bend, published in issue #15 of Imagine magazine (June 1984), also portrayed them as pig-men.
An insightful passage from the Monstrous Manual reads, "Orcs have a reputation for cruelty that is deserved, but humans are just as capable of evil as orcs".
The half-orc in the original AD&D game was a standard player character race, typically assuming the assassin class. Half-orcs were removed in the second edition of the game but were revived, albeit altered, in one of the 1995 revision books—Player's Option: Skills & Powers—to the second edition rules. Half-orcs also appear as a core playable race in D&D 3rd edition.
Orc crossbreeds
A fecund race, orcs often breed with other humanoid creatures. Known crossbreeds include:
Half-orcs: These orc-human crossbreeds are most often born in as the unfortunate byproduct of raids in border areas between human and orc cultures. Despite rejection from both sides of their heritage, many half-orcs achieve renown.
Losels: Losels are orc-baboon crossbreeds bred by Iuz and the Scarlet Brotherhood because they reproduce faster than common orcs.
Ogrillions: These creatures are the brutish, armor-skinned offspring of a female orc and a male ogre.
Orogs: An orog is the offspring of a male orc and a female ogre. Orogs usually live among orcs; they are stronger, more intelligent, and more disciplined than typical orcs.
Tanarukka: Originally tiefling-orc crossbreeds born of the orcs of Hellgate Keep and the tanar'ri (demons) of that dungeon, they have bred true as a race over the centuries. A tanarukk resembles a typical orc but is shorter, stockier, and more stooped in its posture with a scale-like ridge on its low, sloped forehead. They are slightly more intelligent than their orc forebears, but still respect only strength and power.
In various campaign settings
Orcs appear in nearly all published Dungeons & Dragons settings.
In Dragonlance
There is some controversy regarding orcs in the Dragonlance. The 1st edition AD&D Dragonlance Adventures hardbound rulebook states that orcs do not exist on Krynn, with ogres and minotaurs largely replacing their typical role. Second and 3rd edition Dragonlance supplements also remove orcs from the world of Krynn. The main confusion on the subject has occurred from a few Dragonlance novels and/or adventures in which the writer has accidentally included orcs. In particular, the novel Kendermore by Mary Kirchoff, where one of the main characters is a half-orc. This has occurred with other iconic races of Dungeons & Dragons, such as drow, that are not native to the Dragonlance setting. Some suggest that the presence of orcs in Dragonlance can be explained through planar or space travel as Krynn is connected to other Dungeons & Dragons worlds (where orcs exist) through the Planescape and Spelljammer settings.
In Eberron
In the Eberron campaign setting, orcs are portrayed in a more positive light. Given to spirituality and nature-worship, they established successful societies, learning druidic secrets from the black dragon Vvaraak while the goblinoid races built a mighty empire, some 16,000 years ago.
The orc societies took a massive blow during the daelkyr invasion 9,000 years ago, though it was the orcs now known as the Gatekeepers who were able to stop the invasion by sealing the daelkyr beneath Eberron and severing the link between Eberron and the daelkyr home plane of Xoriat. The Gatekeeper druidic sect remains a presence in Eberron, albeit one largely concerned with defending the world from outsiders, aberrations and other unnatural foes rather than politics.
In the Forgotten Realms
In the Forgotten Realms campaign setting, orcs are divided into the orcs of the north (Mountain Orcs) and the orcs of the east (Gray Orcs). The gray orcs came to Faerûn through a portal opened in Mulhorand by an Imaskari wizard. The orcs' invasion caused the Orcgate Wars in which the pious gray orcs called avatars of their deities down to help them, and the Mulhorandi and Untheric people did the same. Led by Re these pantheons and their soldiers eventually broke the gray orcs' armies.
In the north, orcs are known for overbreeding and then spilling out in hordes upon the nations thereabouts, including the Silver Marches, Icewind Dale and, in times past, the old elven empires around Cormanthyr. Foremost amongst the orcs of this area is the Many Arrows tribe headed by King Obould Many-Arrows, who is blessed by Gruumsh.
In Greyhawk
In the World of Greyhawk, orcs, called euroz in the Flan tongue, can be found in almost all locales of the Flanaess, but are most heavily concentrated in the Pomarj and the Empire of Iuz, the Bone March, and North Kingdom. There is also known to exist a great orcish city known as Garel Enkdal in the Griff Mountains. The orcs of the Baklunish nation of Zeif are very different from their brethren, having very nearly been assimilated into human society, though they are still regarded as lower-class.
In Mystara
Orcs are prevalent in both the Known World, the Savage Coast, and the Hollow World. They were featured in GAZ 10, The Orcs of Thar, which details their culture and more about the orc-dominated Broken Lands southeast of Glantri.
In Spelljammer
A variety of orc, called "scro" ("orcs" spelled backward), were featured in the Spelljammer setting. Unlike the typical orcs featured in Dungeons & Dragons, the scro were sophisticated and disciplined, with a strong, well-organized martial culture.
In d20 System settings
Following the precedents set in the earliest Dungeons & Dragons materials, many d20 System publishers have retained Orcs in their own works. While many of these publishers have examined orcs in greater depth than was the norm in earlier works, most of those have not reinvented this race as such, and it still tends to be identified with coarseness and brutality. Such products include Badaxe Games Heroes of High Favor: Half Orcs and Skirmisher Publishing's Orcs of the Triple Death line of miniatures, as well as the Pathfinder role playing game by Paizo Publishing.
Critical reception
The orc was ranked first among the ten best low-level monsters by the authors of Dungeons & Dragons For Dummies. They describe the orc as "The iconic man-beast savage... simply the classic adversary for a low-level hero."
The orc was directly adapted from the orc in J.R.R. Tolkien's works. The orc was considered one of the "five main "humanoid" races" in AD&D by Paul Karczag and Lawrence Schick. The orc is presented as "evil" and "savage raiders" in the game.
Controversy
Some writers have described the depiction of orcs in J.R.R. Tolkien's Lord of the Rings as "deranged and repulsive versions" of Mongol stereotypes and "inherently evil humanoid creatures". The depictions of orcs in Dungeons & Dragons (1974) and Advanced Dungeons & Dragons (1977) were the first major appearances of orcs outside Tolkien's work. Helen Young, an Australian academic, highlighted that the descriptions of orc bodies "resonate with anti-Black racist stereotypes" and a "comparison to animals, particularly pigs, is common in almost all editions of D&D up to the present. [...] That orc bodies are violent and belligerent is iterated and re-iterated with each issue of a new edition of D&D rules". Chris Sims, in the 4th Edition book Wizards Presents: Races and Classes (2007), wrote "where dwarves gather and build, orcs scavenge and destroy, and where dwarves are dutiful and industrious, orcs are treacherous and lazy".
Some view orcs as a representation of the Other, "a philosophical concept used to paint entire cultures as being somehow inferior or evil because they were different". Gabrielle Lissauer, in The Tropes of Fantasy Fiction, highlighted that the Eberron campaign setting subverts the classical racial presentation of orcs as savages. Instead, Lissauer wrote "these orcs are interested in peace and keeping the world safe. [...]. They just want to live in harmony with nature". Another critic views that any portrayal of a fictional race or a "group of intelligent people as inherently evil feeds into the notion of harmful stereotypes. [...] Additionally, deciding that orcs are inherently less intelligent than other races also touches upon harmful topics of eugenics and the belief that some people are less intelligent solely due to their genetics".
However, the notion of orcs as a racist trope is controversial. The Germanic studies scholar Sandra Ballif Straubhaar argues against the "recurring accusations" of racism in Tolkien's Middle-earth, stating that "a polycultured, polylingual world is absolutely central" to the Middle-earth setting of Lord of the Rings, and that readers and filmgoers will easily see that. In 2022, academic Christopher Ferguson reported that "only 10.2% found a depiction of orc monsters as inherently evil to be offensive" after he conducted a survey study of 308 adults (38.2% non-White, and 17% Dungeons and Dragons players).
In March 2020, Christian Hoffer, for ComicBook, highlighted that 5th Edition Explorer's Guide to Wildemount (2020) reuses the Orc race stats from Eberron: Rising From the Last War (2019) rather than the stats originally published in Volo's Guide to Monsters (2016). Some of the differences include not having an intelligence stat penalty and the "Menacing" trait. Hoffer wrote that the book "takes an important step in specifying that no race of intelligent creatures inherently evil, nor are they inherently less smart than other races. While many still see the idea of 'race' in Dungeons & Dragons as problematic, Explorer's Guide to Wildemount at least removes one of the most problematic aspects of that part of D&D". In their official June 2020 statement, the D&D Team wrote: "throughout the 50-year history of D&D, some of the peoples in the game—orcs and drow being two of the prime examples—have been characterized as monstrous and evil, using descriptions that are painfully reminiscent of how real-world ethnic groups have been and continue to be denigrated. That's just not right, and it's not something we believe in. Despite our conscious efforts to the contrary, we have allowed some of those old descriptions to reappear in the game".
Other publishers
The orc is fully detailed in Paizo Publishing's book Classic Monsters Revisited (2008), on pages 52–57.
In popular culture
The First Edition AD&D orc's porcine depiction in the Monstrous Manual has been expanded in various pop culture titles into a fully pig-like appearance, such as in:
the Endless Quest volume 11, Spell of the Winter Wizard, published by TSR (art by Jeffrey R. Busch)
the hentai OVA series JK to Orc Heidan
the manga Re:Monster
Monster Musume
the Lufia video game series
References
Further reading
Holian, Gary, Erik Mona, Sean K Reynolds, and Frederick Weining. Living Greyhawk Gazetteer (Wizards of the Coast, 2000).
Gygax, Gary. World of Greyhawk Fantasy Game Setting (TSR, 1983).
Reynolds, Sean K, and Chris Pramas. Slavers (TSR, 2000).
Sargent, Carl. From the Ashes (TSR, 1992).
Sargent, Carl. Iuz the Evil (TSR, 1993).
Sargent, Carl. Monster Mythology (TSR, 1992).
External links
Orc d20 SRD entry
Dungeons & Dragons humanoids
Orcs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Orc%20%28Dungeons%20%26%20Dragons%29 |
Constantine the Philosopher may refer to:
Cyril, born Constantine, of Saints Cyril and Methodius, 9th-century Byzantine scholar born in Thessaloniki
Constantine of Nicaea, 12th-century Byzantine philosopher
Constantine of Kostenets (died after 1431), Bulgarian historian and biographer of Stefan Lazarević
ru:Константин Философ | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constantine%20the%20Philosopher |
Dame Jessica Mary Rawson, (born 20 January 1943) is an English art historian, curator and sinologist. She is also an academic administrator, specialising in Chinese art.
After many years at the British Museum, she was Warden (head) of Merton College, Oxford, from 1994 until her retirement in 2010. She served as pro-vice-chancellor at University of Oxford from 2006 for a term of five years.
Biography
Rawson's academic background is in Sinology with a particular research focus on the cosmology of the Han period (206 BC-AD 220) and its relation to tombs and their decoration. Educated at St Paul's Girls' School in Hammersmith, West London, New Hall, Cambridge and the University of London, Rawson began her career in the civil service.
Between 1976 and 1994, she served as Deputy Keeper and then Keeper of the Department of Oriental Antiquities at the British Museum. From 1994 to 2010 she was Warden of Merton College, Oxford, and from 2006 to 2011 she served as pro-vice-chancellor of Oxford University. She has been involved in a number of high-profile exhibitions such as the Mysteries of Ancient China.
Rawson contributed with Evelyn S. Rawski and other scholars to the catalogue of China: The Three Emperors by Frances Wood. The exhibition ran at the Royal Academy of Arts in 2005–06.
From 2011 to 2016, Rawson headed a project at the University of Oxford on China and Inner Asia: Interactions Which Changed China (1000-200 BC) funded by the Leverhulme Trust, with Jianjun Mei as collaborator. This project explored relations between Ancient China and peoples of the Eurasian Steppes, particularly to the north and north-west. As of 2015, Rawson was also listed as a project partner on the RLAHA project FLow of Ancient Metals across Eurasia (FLAME) funded by the European Research Council.
Honours
Rawson is a Fellow of the British Academy, a member of the Scholars' Council of the Kluge Center at the Library of Congress and a member of the Art Fund's Advisory Council. She was made a Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 1994 Birthday Honours and advanced Dame Commander of the Order of the British Empire (DBE) in the 2002 New Year Honours for services to oriental studies.
In 2012, Rawson was elected to the American Academy of Arts and Sciences as a Foreign Honorary Member.
In May 2017 she was awarded the Charles Lang Freer Medal in recognition of her lifetime's contribution to the study of Chinese art and archaeology. In 2022 she received the Tang Prize in Sinology.
Personal life
Rawson is married with one daughter.
Bibliography
Chinese pots 7th-13th century AD (1977) London: British Museum Publications.
Ancient China, art and archaeology (1980) London: British Museum Publications.
The Chinese Bronzes of Yunnan (1983) London and Beijing: Sidgwick and Jackson.
Chinese ornament: The lotus and the dragon (1984) London: British Museum Publications
Chinese bronzes: Art and ritual (1987) London: Published for the Trustees of the British Museum in association with the Sainsbury Centre for Visual Arts, University of East Anglia.
Chinese jade from the Neolithic to the Qing (1995) London: British Museum Press.
Mysteries of Ancient China (1996) London: British Museum Press.
China: The Three Emperors, 1662-1795 (2005) London: Royal Academy of Arts.
References
1943 births
Alumni of New Hall, Cambridge
Alumni of the University of London
British art historians
British curators
British sinologists
British women historians
Dames Commander of the Order of the British Empire
Employees of the British Museum
Fellows of Merton College, Oxford
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
Fellows of the British Academy
Historians of East Asian art
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
Pro-Vice-Chancellors of the University of Oxford
Wardens of Merton College, Oxford
Women art historians
Women orientalists
Slade Professors of Fine Art (University of Cambridge)
British women curators | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jessica%20Rawson |
Capaldi (variant Capaldo) is an Italian surname.
The name is of Southern Italian origin. It may be a derivation from caput "head".
The Capaldo family originates in Bisaccia, Irpinia, Campania.
Capaldi may be a patronymic or pluralisation derived from Capaldo.
Notable people with the surname include:
Capaldi
Francesca Capaldi (born 2004), American actress
Jim Capaldi (1944–2005), English musician
John Capaldi (born 1959), Scottish former footballer
Lewis Capaldi (born 1996), Scottish singer
Peter Capaldi (born 1958), Scottish actor, writer and director
Tony Capaldi (born 1981), Norwegian-Northern Irish footballer
Capaldo
(1901–1978), Neapolitan singer
(1874–1919), Neapolitan poet
(1855–1947), Italian politician
Nicolás Capaldo (b. 1997), Argentine footballer
(b. 1939), Italian politician
(1845–1925), Italian politician
Italian-language surnames | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Capaldi |
Social Idea Movement (Movimento Idea Sociale, MIS) is an Italian neo-fascist political party.
It was founded in 2004 by a split of the Tricolour Flame party. Its leader was, until his death Pino Rauti, former leader of the Italian Social Movement and founder of Tricolour Flame.
Currently the leader of party is Raffaele Bruno.
In the general elections of 2013 MIS presented itself as Italian Missinian Refoundation (Rifondazione Missina Italiana) only in Campania, getting only 0.01% of vote for the Chamber and 0.00 of vote for the Senate.
Election results
2004 establishments in Italy
Neo-fascist organisations in Italy
Political parties established in 2004
Anti-Islam sentiment in Italy
Nationalist parties in Italy
Eurosceptic parties in Italy | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Social%20Idea%20Movement |
William Churton (died December 1767) was an early North Carolina surveyor.
Biography
He moved to Great Britain's North American colonies in about 1749 as a surveyor and cartographer for the Granville District which included all of North Carolina north of the 35 degree, 34 minute parallel, a strip wide. This line had only been surveyed as far west as the Haw River at that time. The northern boundary, the Virginia line, had been run as far west as the Blue Ridge in present-day Stokes County by 1729. At that date, the entire area was still a part of Bertie County and extended west to the Pacific Ocean, the claims of the Spanish and French notwithstanding.
In 1749, William Churton, and Crown lawyer Daniel Weldon, representing the interests of Lord Granville, along with Peter Jefferson and Joshua Fry, representing the interests of the Colony of Virginia, surveyed an additional westward of the Blue Ridge to Steep Rock Creek.
Daniel Weldon’s seat was near the present town of Weldon. Peter Jefferson was the father of Thomas Jefferson and Joshua Fry was formerly a professor of mathematics and natural philosophy at the College of William & Mary.
Jefferson and Fry had earlier (1746) completed a similar survey of the extensive holdings of Lord Fairfax in western Virginia. More to the point, they had, in 1749, formed a venture called the Loyal Land Company, which included Lewises and Meriwethers and other Albemarle County residents. The Loyal Land Company was chartered “... for the discovery and sale of western lands” and was granted “eight hundred thousand acres [3,200 km²] in one or more surveys beginning on the Bounds between this Colony & North Carolina & running to the Westward & the North...” Jefferson and Fry needed to establish the southern boundary of Virginia so as to delineate the limits of their grant.
The southern boundary of the Granville district was soon extended as far west as Cold Water Creek at what is now the Rowan–Cabarrus county line but did not reach the Blue Ridge until September 1772.
Churton further surveyed a portion of the area beyond the Blue Ridge between August 1752 and January 1753, accompanied by Moravian Bishop August Gottlieb Spangenberg and a party of Moravians to survey tracts totaling 98,925 acres (400 km²) in the “Blue Mountains” for the Moravians.
Bishop Spargenburgs’ diary provides glimpses of William Churton wherein he is characterized as “certainly a reasonable man” and “excessively scrupulous” in his surveying practice and a “good companion”. Churton maintained a relationship with the Moravians until his death.
The Virginia commissioners, Jefferson and Fry, produced a map of Virginia in 1751 which showed much detail in the adjacent Granville district. They again produced a second edition in 1755 with significant increases in detail in the western areas of the Granville district. It appears that said detail was, in both cases, obtained from William Churton, although no credit is given to Churton on either of the Jefferson-Fry maps.
Lord Granville’s revenue from his land was derived from a “quitrent” to be collected yearly from the landholders of his land. The term is derived because it “quit” the landholder from certain feudal obligations to which Lord Granville was entitled under provisions of the charter. The quitrent varied from time to time from a farthing to a halfpenny per acre, without regard to location, productivity or other consideration.
Churton deferred the drawing of the plats and writing of the deed until he returned to Granville’s office in Edenton. Long delays inevitably ensued. Churton sometimes assisted the waiting grantees caught in such delay by intervening with Granville’s agents and on occasion, paying the accumulated quitrents himself.
Many of his original plats survive today in the State Archives of North Carolina.
In 1753, Churton and one William Vigers received a grant for 635 acres (2.6 km²) to hold in trust for the establishment of the Town of Salisbury. The next year, Churton likewise received a grant of 663 acres (2.7 km²) to establish the town of Orange, which was subsequently renamed Corbinton, then Childsburg and finally Hillsborough on the north bank of the Eno River.
Churton and his assistant Enoch Lewis laid out 120 lots of for the new town in the summer of 1754. Churton had been appointed Register of Deeds for the new county of Orange County when it was erected in 1752, but the actual function was carried out by his deputy, William Reed, because of his necessary extended absences in his surveying practice.
Churton was a representative from Orange in the Colonial Assembly from 1754 until 1762, although he appears not to have been a resident of what was then Childsburg until 1757. He was a town commissioner from 1759 until his death and served as Justice of the Peace after 1757 and likewise was appointed County Surveyor for Orange County in 1757.
In 1759, Churton received by an act of the Assembly, four lots of in the town, designated as lots F, G, H and K in the southeastern quadrant, “in consideration of the many services he hath performed for the Inhabitants of the said Town, and his Labor, Expense, and Pains in laying out the said Town.” This grant was reaffirmed in the act of 1766 which renamed the town Hillsborough.
Churton was actively engaged in producing a topographic map of the Province of North Carolina from 1757 although he did not himself survey the southern and coastal areas, but relied of “information and old maps”. In November 1766, Governor Tryon laid the finished Churton map before the General Assembly which paid Churtons’ fee of 155 Pounds. The Governor assured Churton that if he would endeavor to “complete and make perfect the southern and maritime parts of the province’” he should with Tryon’s approval take the map to England and present it to the Board of Trade.
In 1767, when Churton began to actually survey the coastal areas he discovered that that portion of his map was so defective that he “condemned and cut off that portion.”
Churton died in December 1767 and Governor Tryon caused the work to be completed by Claude Joseph Sauthier and John Abraham Collet, Swiss Engineers and Cartographers, and the work is known today as the “Collet Map”.
Churton Street, the main north-south street in Hillsborough, was named for William Churton. Due to the efforts of Stewart Dunaway, North Carolina Highway Historical Marker G-136 was dedicated to William Churton on November 4, 2017.
References
Volume 1 of the Dictionary of North Carolina Biography by William S. Powell
The Young Jefferson, by Claude G. Bowers
The Head and Heart of Thomas Jefferson, by John Dos Passos
North Carolina Through Four Centuries by William S. Powell
The Formation of the North Carolina Counties, 1663–1943, by David Leroy Corbitt
The North Carolina Gazetteer by William S. Powell.
External links
William Churton, North Carolina Cartographer, Part 1
William Churton, North Carolina Cartographer, Part 2
Churton, William. Surveys of North Carolina Yale Collection of Western Americana, Beinecke Rare Book and Manuscript Library
North Carolina Highway Historical Marker G-136 Willam Churton Highway Marker
American surveyors
Year of birth missing
1767 deaths | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Churton |
Pseudo Interactive was a video game developer based in Toronto, Ontario, Canada and started in 1995 by David Wu, Rich Hilmer, and Daniel Posner. In 2006, the company had over fifty employees. After closing, several employees formed DrinkBox Studios. Pseudo Interactive was later revived, in 2021.
History
They released a launch title for the Xbox called Cel Damage, which also released on the GameCube and PlayStation 2. They made Full Auto for Xbox 360. Their final game was Full Auto 2: Battlelines, released for the PlayStation 3.
As of April 6, 2008, it was announced that the company was shutting down. They were working on Crude Awakening for Eidos Interactive which was cancelled, leaving the company without the means to survive until securing another deal. It was widely believed to be an updated version of Carmageddon.
As of 2021, the company is developing an MMORTS, Conquest and Virtue
On October 7, 2022, Pseudo Interactive co-founder David Wu died of diabetic shock at the age of 47. By the time of his death, David Wu was lead developer at Pseudo Interactive which was revived in 2021
Video games
At least four games were in development at Pseudo before the studio closure:
Crude Awakening
Prodigal
Divided City
Cel Damage 2
At the time of David Wu's passing, Pseudo Interactive had a new game in development:
Conquest and Virtue
References
External links
Pseudo Interactive details at GameSpot
Cancelled Pseudo Interactive Games at Unseen 64
Kotaku report on Studio shutdown
Full Auto Developer Shuts Down
Canadian companies established in 1995
Canadian companies disestablished in 2008
Companies based in Toronto
Video game companies established in 1995
Video game companies disestablished in 2008
Defunct video game companies of Canada
Defunct companies of Ontario
Video game development companies | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pseudo%20Interactive |
143P/Kowal–Mrkos is a periodic comet in the Solar System.
References
External links
Orbital simulation from JPL (Java) / Horizons Ephemeris
143P/Kowal-Mrkos – Seiichi Yoshida @ aerith.net
143P at Kronk's Cometography
Periodic comets
0143
Discoveries by Charles T. Kowal
Comets in 2018
19840423 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/143P/Kowal%E2%80%93Mrkos |
Lohmar (Ripuarian: Luhme) is a town in the Rhein-Sieg district, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
Geography
Lohmar is located about 20 km east of Cologne and 15 km north-east of Bonn in the Bergisches Land area. Because it is only 20 minutes by car to Cologne or Bonn, Lohmar is a popular place for commuters. The main part of the town area is at the course of the Agger, southern of Overath.
History
Lohmar was first mentioned as a donation of archbishop Sigewid to the church of Cologne. A farmyard in Lomereis mentioned.
Lohmar is also mentioned on the Arc de Triomphe in Paris as a place of Napoleon's visit. While his inspection of the army positioned in the Rhineland in 1811 he lived in Schloss Auel in Lohmar.
Politics
Town council
The town council consists of 40 members. The current breakdown after the local elections held on 13 September 2020 is as follows:
CDU 16 members
Grüne 14 members
SPD 5 members
FDP 2 members
UWG 2 members
Volksabstimmung 1 member
The CDU and Grünen govern the town as a coalition.
Mayor
Mayor: Claudia Wieja (Grüne)
Coat of arms
The coat of arms contains a lion of Berg in the upper fragment. It symbolizes the former jurisdiction by the Earldom of Berg. The lower fraction shows the meeting of the Agger and the Sülz rivers.
Twin towns – sister cities
Lohmar is twinned with:
Eppendorf, Germany (1990)
Frouard, France (1974)
Pompey, France (1974)
Vila Verde, Portugal (1986)
Żarów, Poland (2007)
Transport
Lohmar is served by Honrath railway station on the Cologne–Overath railway. A train to Cologne stops every 30 minutes. The trip to Cologne lasts about 30 minutes. A service runs in the other direction to Overath every 30 minutes.
Roads
Lohmar is connected to the Bundesautobahn 3 with following exits:
Rösrath/Lohmar-Nord (only coming from Cologne)
Lohmar-Nord/Rösrath
Lohmar
The Bundesautobahn 4 connects through exit
Overath
Airports
The Cologne Bonn Airport is reachable within 25 minutes.
References
External links
Official website
Towns in North Rhine-Westphalia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lohmar |
The Rostraver Ice Garden is a 5,000-seat multi-purpose arena in the Pittsburgh suburb of Belle Vernon, Pennsylvania, USA at exit 43, 43a and 43b on Interstate 70.
History
Opened in 1965, the Ice Garden hosts local sporting events (mainly hockey) and concerts. It also has banquet rooms and a restaurant called Murph's Pub. It was a home for Pittsburgh RiverRats indoor football team just for one season (2007) as well for the Mon Valley Thunder of the Mid-Atlantic Hockey League (2007-08). In 2014-2015, the arena was the home for the Steel City Warriors of the Federal Hockey League.
Current tenants include the Mon Valley Thunder youth hockey association, the Elizabeth Forward Warriors hockey team, Ringgold Rams hockey team, and the Serra Catholic Eagles hockey team. The California University of Pennsylvania men's and women's hockey teams play their home games in this arena. The Ice Garden is also famous among wrestling fans as the venue for Extreme Championship Wrestling in the Pittsburgh area in the mid-to-late 1990s. Scenes from Kevin Smith's "Zack and Miri Make a Porno" were filmed here. On April 29, 2017, the Rostraver Ice Garden was nominated to be 2017's Kraft Hockeyville, and later won the national competition, receiving $150,000 in upgrades, along with an opportunity to host an NHL preseason game, which was denied by the NHL and NBC for several reasons, but the Penguins were able to hold a practice & celebration at the arena.
Incidents
On February 14, 2010, after heavy snowfall in Southwestern Pennsylvania, a 100-by-200-foot section of the roof of the Ice Gardens collapsed during a youth hockey tournament between Canadian and US teams. About five hours after the collapse, officials reported that everyone was accounted for and there were no serious injuries. Local TV stations reported from the scene that the collapse occurred shortly after a loud cracking noise was heard, giving adults enough time to evacuate hundreds of people, mainly children, from the arena before the roof came down. The arena reopened to the public, with a new roof, on October 21, 2010.
References
Indoor arenas in Pennsylvania
Sports venues in Pittsburgh
Indoor ice hockey venues in the United States
Sports venues completed in 1965
1965 establishments in Pennsylvania | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rostraver%20Ice%20Garden |
The Association for Science Education (ASE) is a professional association in the United Kingdom for teachers of science and science technicians. The association was formed in 1963 and is a member of the UK Science Council.
Aims
The Royal Charter of the Association for Science Education States,
"The objects and purposes for which The Association is hereby constituted are the promotion of education by the following means:
by improving the teaching of science and
by providing an authoritative medium through which opinions of teachers of science may be expressed on educational matters and
by affording means of communication among all persons and bodies of persons concerned with the teaching of science in particular and with education in general."
History
The ASE formed in 1963 by the merger of the Science Masters Association and the Association of Women Science Teachers. The Association for Science Education can trace its origins back to 1900. The first Annual Meeting was held in January 1901 which then led to the formation of the Association of Public School Science Masters. Incorporated by Royal Charter in October 2004, the ASE operates as a Registered Charity. The history of the ASE can be found in two publications: Interpreters of Science by David Layton and, published to celebrate the 50th anniversary of the association, Advancing Science Education: the first fifty years of the Association for Science Education, Edited by Edgar Jenkins and Valerie Wood-Robinson.
The Patron of the Association is Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, KG, PC, KT, GBE, FRS.
Activities
The Association promotes improvements in science education and education in general, specifically through advice and support for teachers, technicians and others with meetings and conferences, journals and resources, curriculum and professional development programmes and contributions to research and policy debates.
Bookshop
The ASE is a specialist publisher for the science education market. This includes approximately 200 titles ranging from Primary to Secondary and Post 16 science education.
Journals
The ASE produces four journals which not only keep members up to date with developments in science education but also provide ideas and tips for the delivery of science education. Their journals include:
Education in Science - the in house journal keeping members up to date with ASE developments.
Primary Science (previously: Primary Science Review) - aimed at the primary sector, giving ideas for lessons and developments in primary science education.
School Science Review - aimed at the secondary sector, giving ideas for lessons and developments in primary science education.
Science Teacher Education - aimed at providers of initial teacher training and aims to inform and contribute to the development of science teacher education in all phases of education.
Annual Conference
The annual conference attracts over 3000 delegates and include 350+ talks and workshops ranging from academic lectures and exhibitions, to a social programme and themed days.
Governance
An elected Education Group governs and controls the affairs of the Association. The Education Group advises the Trustees on all aspects of science education. Its 30 members represent all sectors of the science education community and speaks authoritatively on behalf of the Association. The group is led by the Chair of the Association and meets 3 times a year. The Chair of the Association is elected by the membership and serves a term of one year.
The Trustee Body has responsibility for ensuring that ASE works properly as a charity, that the finances are properly regulated and monitored and the appropriate policies are in place. The trustees meets 3 times a year and consists of 11 member trustees.
List of presidents and association chairs from 1963–2020
Awards
The ASE is involved with many awards including:
Chartered Science Teacher (CSciTeach)
Registered Scientist
Registered Science Technician
See also
Glossary of areas of mathematics
Glossary of astronomy
Glossary of biology
Glossary of chemistry
Glossary of engineering
Glossary of physics
References
External links
Official website
Science Learning Centres website
* The Center for Mathematics, Science, and Technology
Teacher associations based in the United Kingdom
Science education in the United Kingdom
1963 establishments in the United Kingdom
Scientific organizations established in 1963
Hatfield, Hertfordshire
Organisations based in Hertfordshire
Science and technology in Hertfordshire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Association%20for%20Science%20Education |
Flemming Davanger (born 1 April 1963 in Bergen, Norway) is a Norwegian curler from Bærum.
Curling career
In his third World Junior Curling Championships in , Davanger, playing second Pål Trulsen's Norwegian team picked up a silver medal, losing to Canada's John Base in the final. In , Davanger played in his first World Curling Championships playing third for Tormod Andreassen, and they finished in sixth place. Later that year, the team picked up a bronze at the 1986 European Curling Championships.
Davanger's next success would come at the 1992 Winter Olympics, when curling was a demonstration sport. Davanger, now playing second for Andreassen would bring home the silver medal for Norway, much to the delight of his coach Forest Juziuk. After a couple of poor performances at the World Championships, Davanger moved to play second for his old junior skip Pål Trulsen. Their first World Championships was in 1999 when they finished in fifth. 2000 was no better, when they finished in 7th place. Finally in 2001 Norway got a break, picking up the bronze medal. They would then go on to win the gold medal at the 2002 Winter Olympics followed by a silver at the World Championships that year. Since then, the team has had some success. They have finished no worse than fourth place at the Worlds or the European Championships. They picked up a bronze at the Worlds in 2003, a bronze at the European Championships in 2004 and a gold at the European Championships in 2005.
References
External links
Norwegian male curlers
Olympic curlers for Norway
Curlers at the 1992 Winter Olympics
Curlers at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Curlers at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Olympic gold medalists for Norway
Living people
1963 births
Olympic medalists in curling
Medalists at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 1992 Winter Olympics
Olympic silver medalists for Norway
Continental Cup of Curling participants
European curling champions
Sportspeople from Bergen
Sportspeople from Bærum | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flemming%20Davanger |
Rameez Raja (born 31 July 1987) is a Pakistani first-class cricketer playing for Karachi. He is a right-hand batsman and right-arm offbreak bowler.
Career
He played for the Pakistani U-19 cricket team at the 2006 U-19 Cricket World Cup.
In April 2018, he was named in Baluchistan's squad for the 2018 Pakistan Cup. He was the leading run-scorer for National Bank of Pakistan in the 2018–19 Quaid-e-Azam One Day Cup, with 449 runs in eight matches. In March 2019, he was named in Federal Areas' squad for the 2019 Pakistan Cup.
References
1987 births
Living people
Pakistani cricketers
Pakistan Twenty20 International cricketers
Karachi Blues cricketers
Karachi Dolphins cricketers
Fortune Barishal cricketers
Cricketers from Karachi
Karachi Zebras cricketers
National Bank of Pakistan cricketers
Pakistan Customs cricketers
Sindh cricketers
Quetta Gladiators cricketers
People from Karachi | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rameez%20Raja%20Jr. |
HD 10307 (HR 483) is a spectroscopic binary star in the constellation Andromeda. The primary is similar to the Sun in mass, temperature and metal content. situated about 42 light-years from Earth Its companion, HR 483 B, is a little-studied red dwarf.
HD 10307 was identified in September 2003 by astrobiologist Margaret Turnbull from the University of Arizona in Tucson as one of the most promising nearby candidates for hosting life based on her analysis of the HabCat list of stars.
System
HR 483 is a binary located 42.6 ly away, in Andromeda. The two stars orbit one another elliptically (e=0.44), approaching as close as 4.2 AU and receding to 10.5 AU, with a period of just under twenty years.
HD 10307 A, the larger component, is a G-type main-sequence star similar to the Sun, only slightly brighter, hotter, larger, and older than the Sun—though with a slightly smaller mass. It has a low level of activity and is a candidate Maunder minimum analog. HR 483 B, the smaller component, appears to be a red dwarf, with as little as thirty-eight percent the mass of the sun. A debris disk has been detected in this system.
The presence of a moderately close companion could disrupt the orbit of a hypothetical planet in HD 10307's habitable zone. However, the uncertainty of the orbital parameters makes it equally uncertain exactly where stable orbits would be in this system.
METI message to HD 10307
There was a METI message sent to HD 10307. It was transmitted from Eurasia's largest radar, 70-meter Eupatoria Planetary Radar. The message was named Cosmic Call 2, it was sent on July 6, 2003, and it will arrive at HD 10307 in September 2044.
References
External links
High proper-motion Star
Image HD 10307
Space.com: Top 10 List of Habitable Stars to Guide Search
Spectra HD 10307
G-type main-sequence stars
M-type main-sequence stars
Solar analogs
Maunder Minimum
Spectroscopic binaries
Andromeda (constellation)
Durchmusterung objects
010307
0067
007918
0483 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HD%2010307 |
The Toccata in D minor, Op. 11 is a piece for solo piano, written by Sergei Prokofiev in 1912 and debuted by the composer on December 10, 1916, in Petrograd. It is a further development of the toccata form, which has been used by composers such as Johann Sebastian Bach and Robert Schumann. Other composers of well-known toccatas include Maurice Ravel, Dmitri Kabalevsky and Aram Khachaturian.
Prokofiev's Toccata starts off with persistent repetition of the D, interchanged between the right hand (which plays one note at a time) and the left hand (which also plays the note an octave lower). After a brief development, the left hand alternates between two chromatic scale patterns, one ascending and one descending, between which a repeating figuration in the right hand outlines the D minor triad. These patterns repeat a fourth higher and continue in various iterations. A series of split chromatic thirds leads upwards to a descending melody (in C), with the left hand simultaneously traveling up the chromatic scale.
Prokofiev repeats and develops the chromatic-thirds theme before leading back to the initial repeated-note theme. After some augmentation and a short pause, both hands play the triad figuration, which now descends asynchronously in steps of a major third in each hand. This pattern underpins the right hand as it tackles leaps and later contrary-motion chromatic figures, while the left hand incorporates multiple of its own layers of chromatic movement. After a crescendo to fortissimo—during which the right hand outlines a C major triad while the left hand plays a four-note, black-key figure above it—the split chromatic thirds pattern reappears. This leads to several violent statements of the descending-thirds melody, this time in D, via chromatically ascending first-inversion minor triads in the right hand and descending chromatic octaves in the left hand.
The repetition of D comes back one more, this time in alternating octaves in both hands. Then the Toccata slows down and halts temporarily; when it resumes, the repeated notes transition into a rising chromatic scale, which leads to octave exhortations. A glissando sweep up the keyboard brings the piece to its conclusion—two sforzando D octaves at each end of the keyboard.
The Toccata, an extremely difficult showpiece, has proven popular with virtuoso pianists, many of whom have recorded it. According to the biography of the composer by David Gutman, Prokofiev himself had trouble playing it because his technique, while good, was not quite enough to master the piece. This fact is not universally accepted, however, and his performance as reproduced in 1997 for the Nimbus Records series The Composer Plays is certainly virtuosic. Additionally, none of the leading biographies of Prokofiev—those written by Harlow Robinson, Victor Seroff, and even Israel Nestyev—mention him having any technical problems beyond poor performance techniques in childhood, which were later rectified through years of study after his graduation from the Saint Petersburg Conservatory.
References
Compositions for solo piano
Piano music by Sergei Prokofiev
1912 compositions
Prokofiev
Compositions in D minor | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toccata%20%28Prokofiev%29 |
The TCDD (Turkish Republic Railways) 45151 Class is a class of 2-8-0 steam locomotives which were acquired from the British War Department to the LMS Stanier Class 8F design. They had a maximum speed of 43 miles per hour (70 km/h), much like their British counterparts.
Background
On the outbreak of the Second World War British locomotive manufacturers could no longer supply an order for 2-10-0s similar to the TCDD 56001 Class, derived from the German BR 42, for TCDD at the original price and conditions. (These locomotives were eventually delivered after the war as the TCDD 56080 Class). However, Nazi Germany stepped in to offer neutral Turkey DRG BR 52-type Kriegsloks which became the 56501 Class. Diplomatically embarrassed, the British offered the Turks 25 of the LMS Stanier Class 8F 2-8-0s, which had been adopted by the War Department as their standard heavy freight locomotive.
The engines selected were built by the North British Locomotive Company of Glasgow. Originally intended for WD service but the Fall of France saw them earmarked for the LMS before they were diverted to Turkey.
Shipping
The locomotives were shipped as a kit of parts (other 8Fs destined for the Middle East went complete) via the Cape of Good Hope and the Suez Canal since the Mediterranean was too dangerous for Allied shipping. Seven failed to complete the journey. The vessel transporting them, the SS Jessmore, was involved in a collision in the Atlantic with another ship in the convoy on 19 February 1941. The Jessmore sank with the loss of its cargo a few days later. Three more received the same watery fate when the MV Berhala was torpedoed by U-38 on 23 May 1941 off Freetown, Sierra Leone. The lost engines were:
Service
The remaining 18 locomotives were transhipped at Port Said in Egypt and went overland to Turkey where they were renumbered 45151-68. Re-erection was in Sivas under the direction of R.G. Jarvis of the LMS. In 1943 they were joined by 2 more classmates, (45169/70) taking the class number to 20, in lieu of the lost engines. These were joined by a gift of 29 of the Lend-Lease S200 Class 2-8-2s which formed the TCDD 46201 Class.
Designed for British conditions, the 8Fs were not suited to Turkish circumstances. Though large for British engines, they were underpowered by Turkish standards and so could not ascend the steep grades unassisted. Their lack of drop grates also prevented them from long-distance working. They were thus relegated to shunting and local trip freights. The Turkish railwaymen referred to them as "Churchills" after British prime minister Winston Churchill.
The locomotives lasted into the 1980s where they became of special interest of British railway enthusiasts venturing abroad after the demise of steam in Britain.
Preservation
Three of the Turkish 8Fs have been preserved. No. 45161 is a static exhibit at the Çamlık Railway Museum. 45168 is preserved and was seen on display at Izmit Station in September 2010. No. 45160 was repatriated to Great Britain in 1989 by the Churchill 8F Locomotive Company Limited where it is Operational on the Gloucestershire Warwickshire Railway.
In October 2010, two of the six remaining derelict examples in Turkey (45166 and 45170) were acquired by the 3 members of the Churchill 8F Locomotive Company Limited. The two locomotives travelled by rail from Sivas depot to Izmir where they were loaded onto a ship for transport back to the UK.
They arrived at Royal Portbury Dock on Boxing Day 2010 aboard the MV Grande Scandinavia (Grimaldi Group). The transportation of the locomotives across Turkey was the subject of an episode of the documentary television series Monster Moves in 2011.
45170 is currently stored in the Museum of Scottish Railways at the Bo'ness & Kinneil Railway awaiting restoration by the Scottish Railway Preservation Society. 45166, meanwhile, was sold to the municipality of Beersheba in Israel in December 2012, and has now been cosmetically restored and put on display at the Be'er Sheva Turkish Railway Station.
References
External links
45151 to 45170 Trains of Turkey
45151
LMS Stanier Class 8F
2-8-0 locomotives
NBL locomotives
Steam locomotives of Turkey
Standard gauge locomotives of Turkey
Railway locomotives introduced in 1940 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TCDD%2045151%20Class |
Rott Abbey () was a Benedictine monastery in Rott am Inn in Bavaria, Germany.
History
The monastery, dedicated to Saints Marinus and Anianus, was founded in the late 11th century by Count Kuno of Rott (d. 1086).
After it was dissolved in 1803 in the secularisation of Bavaria, the buildings were sold off to various private owners and largely demolished. The Rococo church however still remains.
Burials
Ignaz Günther
References
External links
HDBG: Kloster Rott
Rott am Inn official website: pictures of the church interior
Photos of the interior of the Abbey Church, in the Warburg Institute Iconographic Database: interior of the abbey church
Christian monasteries established in the 11th century
Benedictine monasteries in Germany
Monasteries in Bavaria
1803 disestablishments
Buildings and structures in Rosenheim (district) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rott%20Abbey |
The Oman Arena (originally Jackson Coliseum) is a 5,600-seat multi-purpose arena, in Jackson, Tennessee, USA. It was opened in 1967, and is architecturally similar to the Mid-South Coliseum in Memphis, which was built four years earlier and seats almost twice as many patrons as Oman Arena.
The arena is located between the campuses of Madison Academic Magnet High School and the former Jackson Central-Merry High School, in central Jackson.
In the 1980s, it was renamed in honor of the late Tury Oman, a local long-time coach.
From 1990 to 2011, it hosted the NAIA Women's Division I National Championship Basketball Tournament, and was also the long-time home of the Tennessee Secondary School Athletic Association girls state basketball tournament.
It hosts other local sporting events and concerts.
External links
Map:
Basketball venues in Tennessee
Indoor arenas in Tennessee
Buildings and structures in Madison County, Tennessee
Sports venues completed in 1967
1967 establishments in Tennessee
Sports in Jackson, Tennessee | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oman%20Arena |
Regner E. "Ray" Suárez (born October 26, 1946) is the former alderman of the 31st Ward of the City of Chicago; he was first elected in 1991. He was unsuccessful in the April 2015 election, and left office the next month.
In November 2015, he was appointed to a position on the Illinois International Port District Authority.
Personal life
Suárez was born in Yauco, Puerto Rico, and later enlisted in the United States Marine Corps during the Vietnam War era. He and his wife, Marta, live in the Cragin neighborhood.
Early career
Suárez held various city jobs before becoming alderman. He worked for Streets and Sanitation, in the mayor's office as an Administrative Assistant working with Development Action Grants, and Assistant Commissioner of Department of Street and Sanitation.
In 1989, he was appointed to the Illinois Job Training Coordinating Council, where he advised the governor how to spend the budget for job-training.
Aldermanic career
Suárez was elected alderman in 1991. He was subsequently reelected in 1995, 1999, 2003, 2007, and 2011. He lost reelection in 2015 to Milly Santiago.
He was the chairman of Housing and Real Estate, and sits on seven other committees: Aviation, Budget and Government Operations, Buildings, Finance, Transportation and the Public Way, and Zoning.
The alderman has proposed that private businesses such as bars be required to install police surveillance cameras on their premises. "If you're not doing anything wrong, what do you have to worry about?" he demanded, in response to privacy concerns.
From May 2011 until May 2015, Suarez was also Chicago's Vice Mayor.
References
External links
Suarez's City of Chicago website
1946 births
American politicians of Puerto Rican descent
Living people
People from Yauco, Puerto Rico
Chicago City Council members
Puerto Rican United States Marines
United States Marines
Puerto Rican people in Illinois politics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray%20Suarez%20%28politician%29 |
Robert H. B. Brazier (died 1837) was an English surveyor who emigrated to the United States in July 1819.
He came as an assistant to Hamilton Fulton who had been hired as Principal Engineer by the North Carolina Board of Internal Improvements. Brazier had received his professional training under John Rennie, the Scottish Civil Engineer who is remembered as the designer of several bridges, including London Bridge, the Plymouth Breakwater and the London and East India docks. Brazier’s contract with the State was not confirmed until February 1820, although he had been engaged with his duties under Fulton since their arrival.
There were those in the Legislature were opposed to any program of tax supported internal improvements. These were mostly Easterners, who attempted to manipulate the program to obtain major benefits to the Eastern region. These efforts were opposed by those from the Central and Western parts of the State. With this political infighting the continued existence of the Board of Internal Improvements itself was in doubt. Brazier applied to the State of Virginia for the post of Principal Engineer to the State of Virginia, which post had recently become vacant. He was endorsed for the position by Governor Gabriel Holmes, William Nichols, Architect, and William Ruffin, but was unsuccessful and continued at his post in North Carolina.
From 1820 through 1823, Brazier completed surveys and drew maps, plans, profiles and sections of the principal water courses in the State from the Yadkin to Roanoke Inlet. Late in 1823, he became involved with a dispute with the Board of Internal Improvements regarding his account of expenses. Brazier resigned, effective February 19, 1823 and wrote the Board what they characterized as a “disrespectful” letter, demanding settlement of his account. The requested settlement not forthcoming, Brazier entered suit against the State. The Wake County Superior Court found for Brazier and he was awarded damages in 1825.
For several years, Brazier worked privately, making a handsome map of Fayetteville, making patent drawings and surveying. Among his surveys during that time was the “Buncombe Turnpike” from Greenville, South Carolina to Greeneville, Tennessee which was actually funded and completed by the State in 1827.
In early 1827, Brazier entered into a contractual relationship with the Board of Internal Improvement to survey swamp lands in Eastern North Carolina. His report was presented to the General Assembly in the late fall of 1827 and his expenses to the Board in early 1828, after which, his connection with the Board came to an end.
Again, Brazier worked privately. Among his work during this period was the surveying a route from Raleigh to Cobb’s Mill (now Wiggin’s Mill on Contentnea Creek at US 117 in Wilson Co.?) and laying out the Town of Rolesville.
In 1826, John McRae of Fayetteville convinced the General Assembly to fund a new map of the State. McRae first attempted to secure the services of one W. H. Hanford of the Corps of Engineers, but this did not avail, and McRae turned to Brazier. By July, 1831, he had completed most of his surveys and the drawing was ready for the engraver in 1832.
In 1831, the post of Principal Engineer in Virginia again became vacant. Brazier again applied for the position and was endorsed by the Governor, Montfort Stokes, Senator James Iredell, Jr., state Attorney General Romulus M. Saunders and others, attesting to his skill as a surveyor and expressing the opinion that “as a Draughtsman, it is believed that (Brazier) has no superior in the Country.” This application again failed of success, but he was employed for various surveys in southeastern Virginia.
After his arrival in Raleigh, Brazier built a residence in a newly subdivided area just east of the originally laid out city. This house survives today with what is said by the present owner to be the original roof. It is in the south east quadrant of the intersection of Jones and East Streets, presently owned and occupied by W. E. Hutchins.
Brazier’s fortunes declined during the late 1820s. The mortgage on his residence was foreclosed in May 1830, and both real and personal property were lost. By 1833, it became necessary for the Christ Church (Episcopal) charitable fund to come to the aid of his family. His wife, Rachel and his son, James Henderson were Episcopalians. Brazier was, presumably, Anglican. In an effort to recoup his fortunes, in 1834, Brazier, with eleven associates, developed lots in Fayetteville. The venture was not as successful as hoped, and by 1836, Christ Church once again had to come to his aid.
Following an ice storm during the Christmas season in 1836, Brazier fell from some steps and died some two weeks later as a result of injuries. The Rector of Christ Church wrote that Brazier had come to his death “by his own folly and wickedness,” though he acknowledged that he was a most excellent draughtsman, “with the talents of an angel”. Presumably, Brazier was buried in the old City Cemetery.
Many maps and surveys by Brazier survive, among which are:
“Plan of the Neuse River from Stone’s Mill to Major Turner’s Ferry showing the proposed situation of the Locks and Dams...” 1819
“Plan of Croatan and Roanoke Sounds Shewing the Proposed Situations of the Embankment and Inlet”. 1820
“Plan and Sections of a Line of Canal from the Tar River to Tossnot (sic) Creek...” 1820
“Plan of the Tar River from Louisburg to the Little Falls, Showing the Proposed Situation of the Locks and Dams” 1821
“Longitudinal Section of the Catawba River from the Devil’s Shoals to the Mouth of the Little Catawba River” 1824
“Plan of the Catawba River from the Devil’s Shoal to near Sherrill’s Ford” 1824
There are more maps and surveys in the Map Collection of the State Archives.
References
Dictionary of North Carolina Biography, William S. Powell
Wake: Capitol County of North Carolina, Elizabeth Reid Murray
The History of a Southern State, Lefler & Newsome
North Carolina through Four Centuries, William S. Powell
English surveyors
American surveyors
Year of birth missing
1837 deaths | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20H.%20B.%20Brazier |
The Corrections, originally known as The Fallout Trust, were an English indie rock band. As The Fallout Trust, they formed in Dalston, East London in 2001. The six-piece band produced two EPs and one album, In Case of the Flood, released by EMI in 2006. Their single "When We Are Gone" reached 73 in the UK Singles Chart in 2005, preceding the release of In Case of the Flood. The band reformed as a five-piece under the name The Corrections in 2007. They released one album on EMI, Repeat After Me in 2008, before disbanding.
History
The Fallout Trust were formed around the crux of old school friends Guy Connelly and Joe Winter, inspired by a visit to Berlin and the music of Iggy Pop and David Bowie. The band was augmented by Winter's sibling, Matt and sister-in-law Jess, bassist Gavin Ellis and drummer Matt Watson. The band then moved to London, setting up home at 'Q Quarters', a warehouse which served as home, party venue and recording studio. In 2004 they were signed by At Large Recordings. They toured in support of Maxïmo Park, Morning Runner and Leaves, in addition to several headline tours, and performed at Glastonbury twice in the Guardian tent.
Two EPs were released, in 2004 and 2005. Their first single was "When We Are Gone" which reached number 73 in the UK upon its first release in June 2005. The second single, "Before the Light Goes", reached number 93 in November 2005. The album In Case of the Flood was released in 2006, with the coinciding single, "Washout", peaking at number 75. Nearly all of the band members are originally from Bristol and they are closely associated with venue the Louisiana.
The Corrections
During their performance at the Louisiana on 6 October 2007, Joe Winter announced that the band would be changing their name to The Corrections. The Corrections were reborn as a 5-piece, with the same line-up as The Fallout Trust minus Jess Winter. 2008 singles "Barcode", "OCD" and "Full Stop" preceded their debut album. Repeat After Me, originally set for release on 7 July, was released in late 2008 on limited CD and iTunes.
The band maintained a tight link with artist/filmmaker 'Duckeye' who created much of their artwork and promo videos.
The Corrections parted company with EMI after the release of Repeat After Me, and the members went on to different projects. Guy Connelly formed the group Clock Opera. Matt Winter and Joe Winter continue to write, record and perform together as WINTER. Their first single, "The Sea Bites Back", was released in April 2014, and their album In The Dark will be released later in 2014. Gavin Ellis now records under the name Memory Maze.
Band members
Guy Connelly - guitar and vocals
Gavin Ellis - bass guitar and vocals
Matt Watson - drums
Joe Winter - lead vocals
Matt Winter - lead guitar
Earlier members:
Jess Winter - violin and keyboards
Toby Cann - bass guitar and "The Jump"
Fallout Trust discography
EPs and singles
"EP 1": "Them Or It" / "The Dog Hour" / "Bound With The Rope" / "The Price Of Your Time" (At Large Recordings FUGIT 001 - 2004)
"EP 2": "One Generation Wall" / "We Will Wake Up" / "The Watchman" / "TVM" (At Large Recordings FUG 04 - May 2005)
"When We Are Gone" (At Large Recordings FUG 07 - 5 June) - UK number 75
"Before The Light Goes" (At Large Recordings FUG 09 - October 2005)
"Washout" (At Large Recordings FUG 014 - February 2006) - UK
Albums
In Case Of The Flood (At Large Recordings) - February 2006
Corrections discography
Singles
"Barcode" (EMI) - April 2008
"OCD" (EMI - download only) - June 2008
"Full Stop" (EMI - download only) - September 2008
Albums
Repeat After Me (EMI) - September 2008
References
External links
The Fallout Trust
Interview with Joe Winter
English rock music groups | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Corrections%20%28band%29 |
Viking Hall is a 6,100-seat multi-purpose arena in Bristol, Tennessee, USA. Opened in 1981, the facility is the home arena and aquatic center for Bristol Tennessee High School. It was formerly operated by the City of Bristol but is now managed by Bristol Tennessee City Schools. The facility is now for the exclusive use of Tennessee High School.
Viking Hall was the site of considerable controversy when White Zombie came to perform in the early 1990s and local churches came to protest Rob Zombie's purported "connection to Satan."
In 2010 Highlands Fellowship celebrated their 15th Anniversary at Viking Hall on Easter Sunday, breaking all previous attendance records at the Civic Center. The local fire marshall closed the doors after reaching beyond its capacity. He estimated over 8000 people in attendance which included over 2000 outside who could not get in.
References
Sports venues in Tennessee
Indoor arenas in Tennessee
Buildings and structures in Sullivan County, Tennessee
Music venues in East Tennessee | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viking%20Hall%20%28Bristol%29 |
Since the mid-1970s, a variety of conspiracy theories have emerged regarding British Labour Prime Minister Harold Wilson, who served as the prime minister of the United Kingdom from 1964 to 1970 and 1974 to 1976. These range from Wilson having been a Soviet agent (a claim which MI5 investigated and found to be false), to Wilson being the victim of treasonous plots by conservative-leaning elements in MI5 and the British military (e.g., the Clockwork Orange plot), claims which Wilson himself made.
Background
Soviet defector Anatoliy Golitsyn is said to have told a British intelligence officer that Wilson was a KGB operative and that former Labour Party leader Hugh Gaitskell had been assassinated by the KGB to have the pro-US Gaitskell replaced as party leader by Wilson. However, Christopher Andrew, the official historian for Britain's MI5, has described Golitsyn as an "unreliable conspiracy theorist".
In his memoir Spycatcher (1987), former MI5 officer Peter Wright stated that the head of the CIA's Counterintelligence Division, James Angleton, told him that Wilson was a Soviet agent when Wilson became Prime Minister after the 1964 general election. Wright said that Angleton referred to this assertion coming from a source (whom he did not name but who was probably Golitsyn). Golitsyn's words had been frequently taken heed of by Angleton, who had grown suspicious of the loyalty of many political figures, such as Henry Kissinger. According to Wright, Angleton offered to provide further information on the condition that MI5 guarantee to keep the allegations from "political circles", but the management of MI5 declined to accept restrictions on the use of the information and Angleton told them nothing more.
According to Wright, at the end of the 1960s MI5 received information from two Czechoslovak defectors, Josef Frolík and František August, who had fled to the West, alleging the Labour Party had "almost certainly" been penetrated by the Soviets. The two gave a list of Labour MPs and trade unionists as Soviet agents.
MI5 maintained a file on Wilson, under the name of Henry Worthington, repeatedly investigating him over the course of several decades, before officially concluding that Wilson had had no relationship with the KGB; nor did it ever find evidence of Soviet penetration of the Labour Party.
The 1968 plot
In his 1976 memoir Walking on Water, Hugh Cudlipp recounts a meeting he arranged at the request of Cecil King, the head of the International Publishing Corporation (IPC), between King and Lord Mountbatten of Burma, then-Prince Charles' great uncle and mentor. The meeting took place on 8 May 1968. Attending were Mountbatten, King, Cudlipp, and Sir Solly Zuckerman, the Chief Scientific Adviser to the British government.
According to Cudlipp:
Mountbatten asked for the opinion of Zuckerman, who stated that the plan amounted to treason and left the room. Mountbatten expressed the same opinion, and King and Cudlipp left. King subsequently decided to override the editorial independence of the Daily Mirror when he instructed the paper to publish a front-page article he had written that called for Wilson to be removed through some sort of extra-parliamentary action. The board of the IPC met and demanded his resignation for this breach of procedure and the damage to the interests of IPC as a public company. He refused, so was dismissed by the board on 30 May 1968.
In addition to Mountbatten's refusal to participate in King's mooted plot, there is no evidence of any other conspirators. Cudlipp himself appears to see the meeting as an example of extreme egotism on King's part.
A later memoir by Harold Evans, who was editor of The Sunday Times in 1968, said that The Times had egged on King's plans for a coup:
William Rees-Mogg called for a coalition in an 8 December 1968 Times editorial entitled "The Danger to Britain", a day before King visited the Times office.
A BBC programme The Plot Against Harold Wilson, broadcast in 2006, reported that, in tapes recorded soon after his resignation, Wilson stated that for eight months of his premiership he did not "feel he knew what was going on, fully, in security". Wilson alleged two plots, in the late 1960s and mid-1970s respectively. He said that plans had been hatched to install Louis Mountbatten as interim prime minister. He also claimed that ex-military leaders had been building up private armies in anticipation of "wholesale domestic liquidation". On a separate track, elements within MI5 had also, the BBC programme reported, spread black propaganda that Wilson and Marcia Williams (Wilson's private secretary) were Soviet agents, and that Wilson was an IRA sympathiser, apparently with the intention of helping the Conservatives win the February 1974 election.
Alleged 1974 military coup plot
On the BBC television programme The Plot Against Harold Wilson, broadcast on 16 March 2006 on BBC2, it was claimed there were threats of a coup d'état against the Wilson government, which were corroborated by leading figures of the time on both the left and the right. Wilson told two BBC journalists, Barrie Penrose and Roger Courtiour, who recorded the meetings on a cassette tape recorder, that he feared he was being undermined by MI5. The first time was in the late 1960s after the Wilson Government devalued the pound sterling but the threat faded after Conservative leader Edward Heath won the election of 1970. However, after a coal miners' strike Heath decided to hold an election to renew his mandate to govern in February 1974 but lost narrowly to Wilson. There was again talk of a military coup, with rumours of Lord Mountbatten as head of an interim administration after Wilson had been deposed. In 1974 the army occupied Heathrow Airport on the grounds of training for possible IRA terrorist action at the airport. Although the military stated that this was a planned military exercise, Downing Street was not informed in advance, and Wilson himself interpreted it as a show of strength, or warning, being made by the army.
The Peter Wright allegations and Clockwork Orange
Peter Wright claimed that he was confronted by two of his MI5 colleagues and that they said to him: "Wilson's a bloody menace and it's about time the public knew the truth", and "We'll have him out, this time we'll have him out". Wright alleged that there was a plan to leak damaging information about Wilson and that this had been approved by "up to thirty officers". As the 1974 election approached, the plan went, MI5 would leak selective details of the intelligence about Labour leaders, especially Wilson, to "sympathetic" journalists. According to Wright, MI5 would use their contacts in the press and the trade unions to spread around the idea that Wilson was considered a security risk. The matter was to be raised in Parliament for "maximum effect". However Wright declined to let them see the files on Wilson and the plan was never carried out; but Wright does claim it was a "carbon copy" of the Zinoviev Letter which was believed to have helped destabilise the first Labour Government in 1924.
On 22 March 1987 former MI5 officer James Miller claimed that the Ulster Workers Council Strike of 1974 had been promoted by MI5 to help destabilise Wilson's government.
In July 1987, Labour MP, Ken Livingstone used his maiden speech to raise the allegations of a former Army press officer, Colin Wallace, that the Army press office in Northern Ireland had been used in the 1970s as part of a smear campaign, codenamed Clockwork Orange, against Harold Wilson and other British and Irish politicians.
Recent scholarship
In The Defence of the Realm (2009), the first authorised history of MI5, by Christopher Andrew, it was shown that MI5 kept a file on Wilson from 1945, when he became an MP – because communist civil servants claimed that he had similar political sympathies. However, Defence of the Realm claims that there was no conspiracy against Wilson, and repeats the Callaghan government claim that there was no bugging of 10 Downing Street. Doubt was cast on this claim, however, in 2010 when newspaper reports made detailed allegations that the bugging of 10 Downing Street had been omitted from the history for "wider public interest reasons". The government did not issue a denial of the allegations. In 1963, on Harold Macmillan's orders following the Profumo Affair, MI5 bugged the cabinet room, the waiting room, and the prime minister's study until the bugs were removed in 1977 on James Callaghan's orders. From the records it is unclear if Harold Wilson or Edward Heath knew of the bugging, and no recorded conversations were retained by MI5, so the bugs were possibly never activated.
Intelligence historian Jon Moran, concluded in 2014:
See also
Wilson Doctrine, a ban on the tapping of MPs' and Peers' telephones
1975 Australian constitutional crisis
A Very British Coup, a 1982 novel by Labour politician Chris Mullin
The Crown, a Netflix series, which dramatises the 1968 Cecil King affair
References
Moran, Jon. "Conspiracy and contemporary history: revisiting MI5 and the Wilson plot[s]." Journal of Intelligence History (2014) 13#2 pp 161–175
Notes
External links
History: The 'Wilson Plot', MI5
Wilson, Harold
Harold Wilson
Political history of the United Kingdom
Conspiracy theories in the United Kingdom
Louis Mountbatten, 1st Earl Mountbatten of Burma | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harold%20Wilson%20plot%20allegations |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.