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Schwalmtal is a municipality in the district of Viersen, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is named after the river Schwalm, which flows through the area. Schwalmtal is situated approximately 12 km west of Mönchengladbach.
References
External links
Viersen (district) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schwalmtal%2C%20North%20Rhine-Westphalia |
The Kansas Legislature is the state legislature of the U.S. state of Kansas. It is a bicameral assembly, composed of the lower Kansas House of Representatives, with 125 state representatives, and the upper Kansas Senate, with 40 state senators. Representatives are elected for two-year terms, senators for four-year terms.
Prior to statehood, separate pro-slavery and anti-slavery territorial legislatures emerged, drafting four separate constitutions, until one was finally ratified and Kansas became a state in 1861. Republicans hold a long-standing supermajority in both houses of the state legislature, despite a short-lived dominance by the Populist Party. The state legislature approved one of the first child labor laws in the nation.
Composed of 165 state lawmakers, the state legislature meets at the Kansas State Capitol in Topeka once a year in regular session. Additional special sessions can be called by the governor.
History
Pre-statehood
The Kansas Territory was created out of the Kansas–Nebraska Act in 1854. In several of the provisions of the act, the law allowed the settlers of the newly created territory to determine, by vote, whether Kansas, once statehood was achieved, would be entered as either a free or a slave state. The act created a rush of both abolitionist Northern and pro-slavery Southern immigrants to the territory, hoping that strength through numbers would place Kansas in their camp. Animosities between the newly arrived sides quickly turned into open violence and guerrilla warfare, giving name to this period known as Bleeding Kansas.
During Kansas' first elections for a territorial government on March 30, 1855, nearly 5,000 Missouri men, led by United States Senator David Rice Atchison and other prominent pro-slavery Missourians, entered the territory, took over the polling places, and elected pro-slavery candidates. The elections resulted in 13 pro-slavery members of the upper house of the territorial legislature and one free-state member, who resigned. The lower house ended up with 25 pro-slavery members and one free-state member. Free-Staters immediately cried foul, naming the new Kansas Territorial Legislature the Bogus Legislature. After meeting for one week in Pawnee at the direction of Territorial Governor Andrew Reeder, the thirty-eight pro-slavery legislators reconvened at the Shawnee Manual Labor School between July 16 and August 30, 1855, and began crafting over a thousand pages of laws aimed at making Kansas a slave state.
Free-Staters convened their own unauthorized shadow legislature and territorial government in Topeka, crafting their own Topeka Constitution in late 1855. While the document was debated and submitted to a vote in the territory, it was never accepted by Congress. The pro-slavery territorial legislature's response to the Free-Staters and growing violence was the Lecompton Constitution in 1857. Due to an electoral boycott by abolitionist groups and the questions regarding the validity of the legislature itself, it never officially became law.
While the Lecompton Constitution was debated, new elections for the territorial legislature in 1857 gave the Free-Staters a majority government, caused in part by a boycott by pro-slavery groups. With this new mandate, the legislature convened to write the Leavenworth Constitution, a radically progressive document for the Victorian era in its wording of rights for women and African-Americans. The constitution was adopted in 1858, though it too suffered the same fate as previous documents when Congress refused to ratify it.
Following the Leavenworth Constitution's defeat, the territorial legislature again crafted a new document the following year, dubbed the Wyandotte Constitution. A compromise of sorts, it outlawed slavery in the territory, while removing progressive sections on Native Americans, women, and blacks. The territorial legislature passed the document, and submitted it to public referendum. It was ratified by the Kansas electorate on October 4, 1859.
Statehood to present
Southern senators blocked the admission of Kansas as a free state, which would have added to the number of free state senators. When they withdrew after seven states seceded, in January of 1861, Kansas's admission as a free state, effective January 29, was approved within hours. On February 8, the Confederate States of America was formed.
The first Kansas impeachments occurred in 1862, brought about in part by Republican Party infighting in the state.
The election of state officers under the Wyandotte Constitution took place in December 1859, but because of the delay in approving Kansas's statehood, they did not take their positions until February 1861. The lapse of time created a constitutional question as to the expiration of the two-year terms for which Governor Charles L. Robinson and the chief administrative officers were elected, with Robinson's opponents calling for a November 1861 election. Robinson refused to permit the canvassing of votes for the offices in the 1861 election and his position was upheld by the Kansas Supreme Court.
The state legislature brought impeachment trials against the governor, Kansas Secretary of State J. W. Robinson and State Auditor George S. Hillyer, over what they believed to be the unlawful sale of state bonds to help raise Union troops. They were convicted of selling state bonds in direct violation of the laws of the state, but found innocent of conspiracy and other articles of impeachment. Only three state senators voted to impeach the governor, who was less directly involved in the sale of the bonds.
In 1867, a constitutional amendment was sent to voters to allow women to vote, but failed.
State offices began to move from the Old Constitutional Hall to the east wing of the Kansas State Capitol in 1869, which was still undergoing construction. The state legislature first met there in 1870, though the east wing was not completed until 1873. Work would continue on the building until March 24, 1903.
On February 19, 1881, Kansas became the first state to amend its constitution to prohibit all alcoholic beverages. This action was spawned by the temperance movement, and was enforced by the ax-toting Carrie Nation beginning in 1888. After 1890, prohibition was joined with progressivism to create a reform movement. Kansas did not repeal prohibition until 1948, and even then it continued to prohibit public bars until 1987.
The Populist Party was a significant third party movement in Kansas during the 1890s and peaked in the fall elections of 1892, when the ticket won the governor's office, four congressional seats, and control of the Kansas Senate. Populists and Republicans both claimed control of the Kansas House of Representatives, with the Populists accusing the Republican Party of election fraud. The dispute resulted in separate Populist-led and Republican-led Houses in 1893 that at first shared the chamber but later met in separate locations in the Kansas State Capitol after the Republican-led House took control of the chamber on February 15, 1893. The Kansas Supreme Court eventually sided with the Republicans and the Populist-led House disbanded.
The state legislature was a leader in child labor reform, enacting a law in 1905 to restrict children under 14 from working in factories, meatpacking houses, or mines.
Kansas was a center of the progressive movement, with support from the middle classes, editors such as William Allen White of the Emporia Gazette, and the prohibitionists. With the help of progressive state legislators, women gained the right to vote through a constitutional amendment approved by Kansans on November 5, 1912.
Between 1922 and 1927, there were several legal battles between Kansas and the Ku Klux Klan, resulting in their expulsion from the state.
The Kansas Legislature adopted the flag of Kansas in 1927.
Since 1966, the legislature holds annual general sessions. Previously, the session in odd-numbered years was of unlimited duration while in even-numbered years the session was limited to 60 calendar days (unless two-thirds of the elected members of each house voted to extend it). A constitutional amendment adopted at the 1974 general election extended the duration of the session held in the even-numbered years to 90 calendar days, still subject to extension by a vote of two-thirds of the elected membership of each house.
Legislative procedure
The Kansas Legislature is composed of 165 part-time legislators, meeting normally once a year. Meetings begin in January and usually will last for a period of 90 days. The governor of Kansas retains the power to call a special legislative session if needed.
Bills
A proposed law is introduced in the state legislature as a bill. There are seven basic steps to the life of a bill: the introduction, standing committee action, a vote by the Committee of the Whole, floor passage, action by the second house, action by the governor and publication of the law.
When a bill is introduced its title is read, it is printed and distributed to members of the house of origin, and it is referred to a standing committee. Standing committee chairs decide whether or not to hear a bill and members of the committee can submit amendments to the bill. After consideration and discussion, the committee votes on whether or not to send a committee report to the Committee of the Whole. While under consideration by the Committee of the Whole, amendments can be submitted by state legislators in the house of origin. The final action in the house of origin is a vote by the full membership.
Bills go through an identical process in the opposite house of the state legislature. After passage by both houses, a bill is submitted to the governor, who either signs it into law or vetoes it. If vetoed, the bill only becomes law if both houses of the legislature vote to override the veto with a two-thirds majority of their membership.
Legislative Staff Support Agencies
The Kansas Legislature is supported by five non-partisan staff support agencies: Legislative Administrative Services, Legislative Division of Post Audit, Kansas Legislative Research Department, Office of the Revisor of Statutes, and Office of Information Services. The offices of the Chief Clerk of the House and the Secretary of the Senate are responsible for the operations of the respective chambers under the direction of elected leadership.
Legislative Administrative Services Legislative Administrative Services provides administrative and technical support for the Kansas Legislature and general public, as directed by the Legislative Coordinating Council.
Legislative Division of Post Audit The Kansas Legislative Division of Post Audit is the non-partisan audit arm of the Kansas Legislature.
Kansas Legislative Research Department KLRD staff members provide nonpartisan, objective research and fiscal analysis for members of the Kansas Legislature.
Legislative Office of Information Services The office provides information technology support to Legislators and Legislative support staff.
Office of the Revisor of Statutes The office provides legislative legal expertise to the Kansas Legislature. Attorneys in the office are responsible for drafting bills and other legislation, staffing legislative committees, publishing the Kansas Statutes Annotated, and offering legal consultation to members of the Kansas Legislature
References
External links
The Kansas Legislature
Kansas Legislative Procedure Manual
Kansas House and Senate Journals, 1913-1955 (KGI Online Library)
Kansas Oral History Project
Bicameral legislatures
1861 establishments in Kansas | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kansas%20Legislature |
Horst Brandstätter (June 27, 1933 – June 3, 2015) was the owner of the German company Brandstätter Group. The company was founded by Andreas Brandstätter in 1876. At the age of 19, Horst Brandstätter followed in his father's footsteps by joining the family business and successfully modernised it. One of his major successes was the production of hula hoops in 1958. In the early 1970s he commissioned inventor and employee Hans Beck to produce a toy system that would eventually become known as Playmobil. Brandstätter retired from the company in 2000, but regularly visited the company offices until his death in 2015.
Early life
Horst Brandstätter was born on June 27, 1933, in Zirndorf, Germany. He lost his father when he was seven years old and was told by his mother that he would eventually take his father's place in the family toy company at the age of 21. Before joining the business, Brandstätter trained as an apprentice in a mold and die manufacturing company, at his mother's request.
Career
Brandstätter joined the family firm in 1952 at the age of 19. At the time, the company was run by his two uncles. From his early years working at the company, Brandstätter realised that the working methods were outdated and worked to modernise it. His conviction that the company needed to move with the times resulted in success, with the production of hula hoops in 1958, which became a European success.
By the age of 78, Brandstätter had been voted Manager of the Year in 2009, was bearer of the German Federal Cross of Merit and honorary citizen of the city of Zirndorf.
Launch of Playmobil
Geobra Brandstätter was already producing plastic toys when Horst Brandstätter joined the company. However, in the early 1970s plastic became increasingly expensive. He commissioned inventor Hans Beck to find some new ideas. When Beck presented his first designs for his toy figures, Brandstätter was initially skeptical, commenting, "Herr Beck showed me these little figures, with no cars, no houses, no nothing!" However, he later understood that the proposal offered a much wider concept. His support of Hans Beck allowed the company to begin production on what became the popular toy Playmobil, prototypes of which had been developed by Beck at the company. The 1973 oil crisis necessitated the creation of a toy whose production required little solid plastic; he had asked Beck for "the maximum amount of play value for the minimum amount of plastic". Later, when asked what was special about the toy line, he said, "The special ingredient is the process it triggers in the minds of children. It fires their imaginations and they use the Playmobil figurines to make the stories they conjure up come to life". The first Playmobil figures were introduced in the toy market in 1974 and included construction workers, Native Americans and knights.
Retirement and death
Brandstätter retired from the company in 2000, but continued to visit the offices and remained the company's sole shareholder. He was listed at number 1638 on the Forbes list of billionaires in 2015. After suffering from a short illness, he died at the age of 81 on 3 June 2015 at his home in Zirndorf, Bavaria. Upon his death, Brandstätter Group stated, "With Horst Brandstätter the Playmobil family loses not just its leader, proprietor and patriarch, but Germany's toy industry has lost one of its most distinguished personalities".
The 2019 film Playmobil: The Movie was dedicated to him in the film's closing credits.
References
External links
The Fathers of Playmobil at Playmobil official website
1933 births
2015 deaths
Playmobil
Officers Crosses of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
People from Fürth (district)
Businesspeople from Bavaria
German toy industry businesspeople | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Horst%20Brandst%C3%A4tter |
One-eyed jack is a playing card in a standard deck of cards.
One-eyed jack may also refer to:
One-Eyed Jacks, a 1961 Western film directed by Marlon Brando
Alone in the Dark: One-Eyed Jack's Revenge, the 1993 sequel to the video game Alone in the Dark
One Eyed Jacks (Twin Peaks), a brothel on the show Twin Peaks
One-Eyed Jack (band), a jam band from Rutherford, NJ
One Eyed Jacks (album), a 1984 album by Spear of Destiny
One-Eyed Jack (album), a 1978 album by Garland Jeffreys
One-Eyed Jack, a 1970s British comic strip
"One-Eyed Jack," an unidentified murder victim discovered in Tok, Alaska
One-Eyed Jacks, a 1991 anthology in the Wild Cards series edited by George R. R. Martin
One-Eyed Jack, leader of the alien Bounty Hunters working for Damocles and the Sword in the Gen¹³ comics and the Fire from Heaven crossover.
Egg in the basket, an egg fried in a hole in a slice of bread | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/One-eyed%20jack%20%28disambiguation%29 |
Transition region may refer to:
Solar transition region
Filter transition region | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transition%20region |
Parkstad Limburg (; Ripuarian and ) is a conurbation of seven municipalities in the southern part of the province of Limburg in the Netherlands. Consisting of Heerlen, Kerkrade, Landgraaf, Brunssum, Simpelveld, Voerendaal and Beekdaelen, the municipalities work together to improve public services, transport and housing on a regional level. This collaboration started in 1999. Within Parkstad, the city of Heerlen functions as the centre of economic and social activity, and to a lesser extent the cities Kerkrade and Landgraaf function in the same regard as regional hubs.
Land use
The name Parkstad, Dutch for "Park City", is derived from the relative greenness of the towns, 94,17 km2 (53%) of its area used for non-urban purposes. However, only 10% of the area (roughly 17.8 km2) is forest and nature, 42% (roughly 74.96 km2) is used for agriculture. Previously, the area had been known as Oostelijke Mijnstreek or Eastern Mining District, as it was the primary coal mining area of the Netherlands.
IBA Parkstad 2020
In 2012 Parkstad became the site of the first Internationale Bauausstellung (IBA) in the Netherlands, running until 2020. The International Architecture Exhibition is a German concept in which new social, cultural and technological ideas are implemented within eight to ten years. Parkstad is one of the first regions in the Netherlands to face negative demographic growth. It is hoped that the IBA helps to find new strategies to deal with this phenomenon.
See also
Parkstad Limburg Stadion
References
External links
Regions of Limburg (Netherlands)
South Limburg (Netherlands) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parkstad%20Limburg |
William George Burden (15 June 1914 – 3 June 1994) was an English actor and comedian, who specialised in playing "country bumpkin" roles.
He made many appearances in the Theatre Royal panto in Bath, Somerset for Frank Maddox. Debuted on ITV as William in the TV series A Present for Dickie (1969–70), but only six episodes were made. From 1972 to 1984 he guested many times on the touring cabaret show "The Rick Jango Road Show" In 1978, he guest-starred as a farmer in the episode 'Nappy Days' of George & Mildred. In 1980, he starred in another short-lived TV series, Oh, Happy Band, playing the role of Mr Sowerby. Again, only six episodes were made.
In 1982, he appeared in the Val Guest film The Boys in Blue (as the herdsman). Burden also guest-starred four times in Hi-de-Hi!; three times as Mr Turner (1986 & 1988) and once as Mr Thompson (1986). Burden is also known for his role as Morris Moulterd in Grace & Favour (American and Canadian title: Are You Being Served? Again!) (1992–93), a spin-off from Are You Being Served?. Burden died of a heart attack in 1994.
References
External links
Billy Burden obituary in The Independent
1914 births
1994 deaths
English male stage actors
English male film actors
English male television actors
People from Wimborne Minster
Male actors from Dorset
20th-century English male actors | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Billy%20Burden |
Taake () is a Norwegian black metal band from Bergen, formed in 1993 and originally named Thule. The band's one continuous member is Hoest, who writes all and records most of the music. He has released seven full-length albums and several EPs. The band describes itself as "True Norwegian black metal", and Hoest said that he wants to "awaken national pride and cultural nostalgia in my Norwegian listeners" as well as to remind people "that Hell is right here on Earth and that humans can be demons". All lyrics are in Hoest's native dialect and are printed in Norse runes. Taake is the old spelling of the Norwegian word tåke, meaning "fog".
History
Early demos
In 1993, Ørjan Stedjeberg (then known as 'Ulvhedin'), formed the first version of the band Taake under the name Thule, together with drummer 'Svartulv'. Thule released two demos, Der vinterstormene raste in 1993 and Omfavnet av svarte vinger in 1994. Shortly after, the band changed its name to Taake and 'Ulvhedin' adopted the new pseudonym 'Hoest' (meaning "autumn" or "harvest"). In 1995, they released the demo Manndaudsvinter in 1995. This was followed in 1996 by a 7" EP called Koldbrann i jesu marg.
Album trilogy (1999–2005)
Between 1999 and 2005, Taake released three full-length albums. They are a trilogy of concept albums linked by the topics of "death, Norway, and the devil in man".
The first full-length album, Nattestid ser porten vid, was released by Wounded Love Records in 1999. The album was written entirely by Hoest, but he brought in a session musician, 'Tundra', to perform bass guitar and drums. It was recorded throughout 1997 and 1998 at the Grieg Hall.
The second installment of the trilogy, Over Bjoergvin graater himmerik, was released in 2002 by Wounded Love Records. On this record, Hoest surrounded himself with a band: second guitarist 'C. Corax', bassist and pianist 'Keridwen', and drummer 'Mutt' (Gaahlskagg, Trelldom, Sigfader).
The final installment of the trilogy, Hordalands doedskvad, was released in 2005 by Dark Essence Records. It features second guitarist 'C. Corax', bassist 'Lava' and drummer 'Mord'. It also features several guest vocalists, including 'Nattefrost' (Carpathian Forest), 'Nordavind' (Carpathian Forest) and 'Taipan' (Orcustus).
Brief hiatus and regrouping (2005–present)
Over the following three years, Taake released four short EPs and played a few festivals (most notably the Hole in the Sky Festival in Norway, with Ivar Bjørnson of Enslaved on guitar), but according to Hoest, Taake was "on ice for a while".
Before the 2006–2007 European tour, Taake revamped their official homepage. Following the infamous March 2007 show in Essen, the band were removed from several festivals and received much backlash. At the same time, Lava, who had been bass guitarist since 2002, left the band.
In 2008, a fourth album was released, recorded entirely by Hoest and simply named Taake. The album was recorded for Hoest's own label Svartekunst Produksjoner, and was distributed via Dark Essence Records.
In 2011, Taake released the EP Kveld, featuring both new and re-recorded songs. This was followed shortly after by Taake's fifth full-length album, Noregs vaapen. Hoest collaborated with many prominent Norwegian black-metallers for this record including Attila Csihar, Nocturno Culto, Demonaz and Ivar Bjørnson. It was again released on his own label Svartekunst Produksjoner to much critical acclaim. The album was nominated for the prestigious Spellemann award in Norway for top metal release. This nomination was met with some derision due to anti-Islamic lyrics.
To mark the band's 20th anniversary, Taake released the compilation album Gravkamre, kroner og troner in 2013.
Taake played their first show in the United States in May 2014 at Maryland Deathfest in Baltimore.
In 2014, Taake released the sixth full-length album Stridens hus and the EP Kulde through Dark Essence Records. In support of this record and as a follow-up to their successful show in Maryland, Taake announced an East Coast US tour for the first time in their history, to begin in June 2015.
In 2017, Taake released their seventh studio album, Kong Vinter, along with the EP Baktanker.
Taake were forced to cancel their planned 2018 US tour after Antifa activists campaigned to stop it, due to the past controversies.
Controversies
Hoest served prison sentences for assault in 2006 and 2007, when he was aged 28–29. Around this time, in March 2007 (), Hoest appeared on stage in Essen in Germany with a swastika painted on his chest, above an inverted cross. This sparked controversy, and the rest of Taake's German concerts were cancelled. Hoest stated:
Taake is not a political Nazi band [...] everyone should know by now that our whole concept is built upon provocation and anything evil [...] we truly apologize to all of our collaborators who might get problems because of the Essen swastika scandal (except for the untermensch owner of that club; you can go suck a Muslim!)
Hoest explained that he "was taking the piss" and had used the swastika "as another symbol for evil", saying "the pentagram and inverted cross don't invoke reactions anymore". He later said "It was all about doing something extreme for the sake of it, which certainly backfired". Music writer Stuart Wain likened Hoest's stunt to how the Sex Pistols and Siouxsie Sioux wore swastikas for shock value. In January 2008, Hoest wrote:
It is rather unforgivable to display a swastika in Germany, yes. On the other hand I strongly feel that Black Metal bands should allow themselves to use any kind of destructive/negative symbolism, as the basis of this expression is above all: Evil! Black Metal is still not, and should never become, harmless like all other styles of housebroke metal. Frankly, I find it preposterous that we get away with lyrics about murder, torture, rape, necrophilia and suicide, but get boycotted for wearing a symbol (which, by the way, has nothing to do with the band's concept) on one single occasion. A part of our mission is to invoke negative feelings, so I found it quite appropriate to remind our German audience of their biggest shame.
Taake's lyrics are often anti-Christian, but their nomination for the 2012 Spellemann award was criticized for an anti-Islamic lyric in their song "Orkan". It includes the line "Til Helvete med Muhammed og Muhammedanerne utilgivelige skikker" ("To hell with Muhammad and the Muhammadans' unforgivable customs"). Hoest noted that Christianity is mentioned in the same song, adding "Taake has never been a political band, and we do not encourage either violence or racism". The chairman of the prize committee said "We enjoy full freedom of expression in Norway and a Spellemann jury is not going to censor content".
Taake were forced to cancel their planned 2018 US tour after Antifa activists campaigned to stop it, due to the past controversies. Many venues cancelled the shows after being contacted and threatened by Antifa groups, and support act King Dude pulled out. Hoest replied that "Taake is not a racist band. Never has been, never will be". He said the incident showed how "a small minority ... were able to force their agenda on the majority" through "lies, misinformation" and "threats of violence".
Discography
Demos
Der vinterstormene raste (Where the winter storms raged) (1993) – released as Thule
Omfavnet av svarte vinger (Embraced by black wings) (1994) – released as Thule
Manndaudsvinter (Dead man's winter) (1995)
Koldbrann i jesu marg (Gangrene in Jesus' core) (1996)
Compilation albums
Helnorsk svartmetall (2005) – compilation of early demos
The Box (2005) – compilation containing Nattestid ser porten vid, Over bjoergvin graater himmerik and Helnorsk svartmetall
Gravkamre, Kroner og Troner (2013) – compilation with alternative versions of songs, demos and previously unreleased material
7 Fjell (2017) – compilation containing the first 7 full-length albums.
Avvik (2021) – compilation of the band's songs from the last three split albums plus an acoustic version of Nattestid ser porten vid I
Split releases
Sadistic Attack / Nordens doedsengel (2004) – split EP with Amok
A Norwegian Hail to Von (2006) – split with Norwegian Evil, Amok and Urgehal
Men of Eight / Lagnonector (2006) – split single with Vidsyn
Dra Til Helvete! (2006) – split EP with Gigantomachy
Swine of Hades (2011) – split EP with Sigh, The Meads of Asphodel, Thus Defiled and Evo/Algy
Pakt (2020) – split EP with Whoredom Rife
Jaertegn (2020) – split EP with Deathcult
Henholdsvis (2021) – split EP with Helheim
Personnel
Current members
Hoest – composer, all instruments, vocals (1993–present)
Live members
V`gandr – bass (2007–present)
Aindiachaí – guitar (2007–present)
Gjermund – guitar (2007–present)
Rune – drums (2019–present)
Past members
Svartulv – drums (1993–1996), vocals (2004, 2005)
Dim (aka O.D.Smau) – vocals (1995)
C. Corax – guitars (2004–2006)
Keridwen – bass, piano (2000–2003; died 2015)
Mord – drums (2002–2006)
Lava – bass (2002–2007)
Haavard – bass (unknown time period)
Guest musicians/past live members
Thurzur – drums
Skagg - guitar
C. Corax – guitar
Taipan – vocals
Nattefrost – vocals
Nordavind – vocals
Discomforter – vocals
Utflod – piano
Støver – "whispers"
John Boyle - war cry
Ivar Bjørnson - guitar
Nocturno Culto - vocals
Attila Csihar - vocals
Demonaz Doom Occulta - vocals
Skagg - vocals
Bjørnar E. Nilsen - vocals, mellotron
Gjermund - guitar solos, banjo, mandolin
Niklas Kvarforth - vocals
Ciekals - additional guitar
References
External links
Taake | Dark Essence Records | Dark Essence Records
Norwegian black metal musical groups
Musical groups established in 1993
1993 establishments in Norway
Musical groups from Bergen
One-man bands | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taake |
Nikonos is the brand name of a series of 35mm format cameras specifically designed for underwater photography launched by Nikon in 1963. The early Nikonos cameras were improvements of the Calypso camera, which was an original design by Jacques-Yves Cousteau and Belgian engineer Jean de Wouters. It was produced in France by La Spirotechnique (currently Aqua Lung) until the design was acquired by Nikon to become the Nikonos. The Nikonos system was immensely popular with both amateur and professional underwater photographers. Its compact design, ease of use, and excellent optical quality set the standard for several decades of underwater imaging. Nikon ceased development and manufacture of new Nikonos cameras in 2001, but the camera remains popular, and there is a large and active secondary market.
History
Nippon Kogaku trace their underwater camera history back to 1956, when the company developed an underwater housing for the Nikon S2 rangefinder camera, which was marketed in May as the Nikon Marine. At approximately the same time, Jean de Wouters was building the first prototypes of the Calypso for La Spirotechnique, which went into serial production in 1961. However, La Spirotechnique was not experienced with camera design and manufacture, so they approached Nippon Kogaku to license the production and sales rights in June 1961; the two companies signed a contract in February 1962 granting the worldwide sales and distribution rights to Nikon outside France and the European Economic Community.
Nippon Kogaku acquired the patent to the Calypso in 1963 and began manufacturing the Nikonos (later designated the Nikonos I) equipped with Nikkor optics instead of the original SOM Berthiot and Angenieux lenses.
The "Workhorse of the War"
Because of its waterproof housing, lens options, and toughness, the Nikonos was an important tool for photographers working in the steaming jungles, flooded rice paddies, and rain-lashed battlefields of the Vietnam War. The wire services loaded their Nikonos cameras with Tri-X, Ektachrome-X or High-Speed Ektachrome.
Discontinued
Nikon continued to manufacture Nikonos V bodies until 2001, when it formally announced it was terminating the series. Without any new models in years and with digital imaging taking over the market, Nikon saw no reason to continue the series.
However, in the French Magazine "Focus-Numerique" Mr. Tetsuro Goto, the Director of Laboratory Research and Development at Nikon Japan said on the future of Nikonos: “personally I think the Nikonos will be reborn in the future.”
Design and operation
The numbered Nikonos cameras are often called rangefinder cameras, but in truth they are scale focus cameras as there is no rangefinder. The viewfinder is used purely to compose the shot, and to display exposure information on bodies with internal metering (Nikonos IV-A and V).
Focus distance is set with an outsized dial mounted on the left side of the lens barrel (as seen from the operator's point of view), and the aperture is set with a dial mounted on the right. Refraction affects the estimated distance underwater by making objects appear 25% closer than they actually are; for example, an object that appears to be three feet away underwater (judged by size) is actually four feet away. Nikon assumed the user did not compensate for appearances underwater, so the distance markers on the lens are marked for apparent (not actual) distance. Thankfully the Nikonos wide-angle lenses have ample depth of field, so these discrepancies are often not a noticeable problem. The depth of field indicators on most Nikonos Nikkor lenses mechanically adjust with aperture.
The numbered Nikonos models all had rugged construction, simple controls, and were waterproof to . The camera is made waterproof by a simple system of o-rings at all the crucial joints. Each new model brought various improvements such as light metering, flash circuitry, and improved shutter and film advance design.
Notes
First generation Calypso derivatives
The initial Nikonos line consisted of three models that were improved versions of Cousteau's Calypso of 1961:
Nikonos (1963), renamed Nikonos I after the Nikonos II was released
Nikonos II (1968)
Nikonos III (1975)
The Nikonos was introduced at Photokina 1963; in the beginning, each camera was individually tested for water-tightness. In Europe, under the terms of the licensing agreement, the Nikonos was known as the Calypso/Nikkor. In July 1966, Nikon began marketing the Nikonos as an all-weather camera and sold a limited number of cameras with a white finish, which consisted of Nikonos cameras with white leather body panels. It is estimated that less than 150 examples of the white-finished Nikonos were made.
In total, approximately 200,000 Nikonos I, II, and III cameras were manufactured between 1963 and 1983. The three Calypso-based Nikonos models share the same basic structure where the complete camera consists of three modules: lens, housing, and shutter/film transport assemblies. Film is loaded in the shutter/film assembly, which is inserted into the housing, and the mounting of the lens locks the three pieces together. The strap lugs are used to pry the shutter/film assembly out of the housing.
The Nikonos II was cosmetically and dimensionally similar to the original Nikonos, but the shutter speed dial has an additional rewind setting, and the rewind knob is equipped with a lever to facilitate operation. Internally, all parts of the Nikonos II were coated to avoid corrosion; in case of leakage, the internal parts could be rinsed in fresh water and dried, leading some to call the Nikonos II indestructible. The film transport mechanism was redesigned for the Nikonos III to use the sprocket holes for positive framing; the original Calypso design did not count sprocket holes which sometimes resulted in overlapping frames. This resulted in a noticeably larger body. In addition, the flash sync port gained an extra pin to support electronic flash units.
Second generation metered cameras
A second viewfinder line was Nikon's complete re-design and included a through-the-lens (TTL) light meter with automatic exposure:
Nikonos IV-A (1980)
Nikonos V (1984)
In contrast to the prior Nikonos line, the Nikonos IV-A introduced a one-piece body using a hinged back for film loading; sealing was accomplished through numerous o-rings, including a large gasket for the back. The film transport mechanism for the IV-A was adapted from the contemporary Nikon EM. Like the EM, the Nikonos IV-A primarily operated in aperture-priority autoexposure mode using stepless quartz-controlled shutter speeds between and , but the camera also offered two mechanical shutter speeds ([B]ulb and , marked as M90) in case of battery failure. In addition, the shutter speed dial can be set to "R"ewind. The viewfinder is equipped with a LED indicator, which glows steadily when the shutter speed is in the operating range ( – ), and blinks when the range is exceeded.
The Nikonos V retained the new features of the IV-A and added manual control to set discrete shutter speeds. The V was released to address specific criticisms of the IV-A, namely that the flat gasket design was prone to failure, and that the new flash sync shutter speed of was too fast, especially since slower speeds could not be set manually to use fill-flash. The Nikonos V was capable of off-the-film-plane flash metering with the SB-102 speedlight, which was introduced alongside the camera at the Photo Marketing Association Show in Las Vegas, held April 1984.
Third generation autofocus SLR
Nikonos RS (1992) waterproof to 320 ft (100m) (World's first underwater Auto-Focus SLR camera)
The 1992 Nikonos RS introduced an entirely new concept. Unlike its predecessors, the RS was a complete amphibious single lens reflex camera, with auto-focus, waterproof to and its own set of unique lenses that also utilized water-contact optics. They are, a 50mm 2.8 macro, 28mm wide, 13mm fisheye, and the world's first underwater zoom lens, a 20-35mm. The body features considerable automation, with a built-in motor drive for film advance and rewinding, an autofocus system with multiple modes, DX film speed detection, and an aperture-priority autoexposure mode. It is equipped with a high-eyepoint "action" finder, with an eye relief of , allowing the user to wear a typical underwater mask.
Previous Nikonos models used lens-mounted knobs for aperture and focus; these controls were moved to the top deck and front grip of the Nikonos RS, respectively.
The RS represented the pinnacle of Nikon's commitment to underwater imaging, and generated significant interest at the time. Although groundbreaking in many ways, it was also very expensive, putting it out of reach of all but the most dedicated (or best funded) underwater photographers. According to Brian Long, the RS was a development of Japan's bubble economy of the late 80s, which saw a number of cost-no-object consumer products and automobiles produced.
Unfortunately, early versions also had a tendency to flood if not maintained perfectly. Flooding was attributed to many factors, one of which was the change to orange-colored silicone o-rings that could swell and fail if third-party silicone grease was applied instead of the Nikonos grease that was petroleum-based. Non-Nikon (third party) silicone grease was commonly used without problems on black Nikonos o-rings by underwater photographers for several decades. Nikon replaced all these floods at first, but in the end, it clearly became not worth the trouble. The RS was quietly discontinued about 5 years later, and no subsequent models were ever designed or manufactured.
Digital Nikonos
No Digital Nikonos has ever been made, but the Commercial & Government Systems division of Kodak modified a small number of Nikonos RS cameras for the United States Navy to create a digital unit known as the "Nikon/Kodak DCS 425". The digital imaging portion was housed in an extended rear door and were largely identical to the options available for the contemporary Kodak DCS 420 cameras based on the Nikon F90.
Nikon celebrated the Nikonos legacy when the Nikon 1 AW1 was released, a waterproof interchangeable-lens digital camera. Reviewers compared the features of the AW1 to the Nikonos line.
Lenses
Nikonos mount
With the exception of the above-water only LW-Nikkor 28mm, all Nikonos Nikkor lenses use two knobs to facilitate focus and aperture operation with gloved hands. In later years, these knobs were colored differently to allow the photographer to more clearly distinguish between their functions; for these lenses, the silver or chrome knob sets the focus distance, and the black knob controls the aperture. The LW-Nikkor uses conventional concentric focus and aperture rings.
The two most common Nikonos lenses are the UW 28mm (for underwater use only) and the W 35mm (which is amphibious) with the UW 28mm being considered the better lens. Because water and air have significantly different indices of refraction, the 35mm lens is considered slightly wide on land, but is equivalent to a standard ~50mm lens under water. The nominal focal length can be multiplied by 1.33× to determine the equivalent angle of view underwater. These were also the first two lenses to be introduced with the Nikonos; the design of the W-Nikkor 35mm is based on the Nikkor 35mm 2.5 lens for M39 mount first sold in 1952; it is a symmetric Double-Gauss lens behind an optical flat to make the assembly water-tight. This improves lens speed compared with the original lens fitted to the Calypso, the SOM Berthiot 35mm 3.5, which had a Tessar-type construction.
The Nikonos lenses designated "UW-Nikkor" were specifically designed for underwater photography only. It is said that, even to this day, no underwater lens matches the Nikonos "UW" lenses for sharpness and color saturation underwater. A brief explanation from Nikon about the difference between underwater-only lens and standard/"amphibious" lens can be found at Nikon official site, under the section "2. Rendition characteristics and lens performance".
Nikon also created two lenses for use both above and under water, and one of them, the 35mm 2.5, can be thought of as the "kit" lens. They made the Nikonos useful for aquatic activities such as kayaking, canoeing, or for foul weather situations. These two lenses, the W-35mm and W-80mm, were also fully waterproof, but because they utilized a flat port, they did not have the benefit of the specialized water-contact optics.
Notes
Nikonos RS mount
The Nikonos RS mount is physically identical to the older Nikon F mount, but an additional external bayonet was added for sealing, and the claws are slightly offset compared to the venerable still camera mount. The electronic signaling is also different from regular AF Nikon bodies.
The sharpness of a remounted R-UW AF Fisheye-Nikkor 13mm was tested and found to be superior to an equivalent AF Fisheye-Nikkor 16mm using a dome port.
Notes
Third party lenses
Lenses were made for the original Nikonos mount (for example, by Sea&Sea), which included both prime lenses as well as focal length converters which attached to the front of a Nikonos lens.
Notes
Accessories
Closeup
Extension tubes mounted with a Nikonos lens for macro photography, most commonly with the 35mm Nikonos lens to produce 2:1, 1:1 and 1:2 macro image ratios, with 1:3 occasionally seen as well. Offered by third parties; no Nikon extension tubes were produced.
Nikon Close Up Kit, which included a close-up lens that attached to the front of either the UW 28 mm, W 35 mm, or W 80mm Nikonos lenses, a frame support bracket, and three field frames (one for each lens) to produce near-macro image ratios (approx range of 1:5 to 1:3, depending on the lens in use).
Third-party close-up lenses
Because the numbered Nikonos cameras did not offer through-the-lens viewing, the extremely shallow depth of field for macro photography pragmatically required a focusing aid. The extension tube and Close Up Kit systems used a framer, which attached to the lens assembly and provided a direct physical index for the camera-to-subject distance, as well as its approximate width/height. The Nikon Close Up Kit provided a complete rectangular frame, but most third-party extension tube kits typically only indexed the bottom and two sides, not the top, and because of this shape, a slang term for Nikonos framers were Goal Posts.
For various reasons (such as concern for potential damage to the reef), some alternative products were developed over time to minimize or replace the basic framer design. One example (Fred Dion; Underwater Photo Tech) consisted of a bracket that held two small flashlights whose beams aligned at the focus plane.
Nikonos light meter
The Nikonos light meter accessory houses the selenium-celled Sekonic L-86 Auto-Lumi. An underwater light meter is necessary for the Nikonos I, II, and III, which do not have metering in the body.
Flash
Because light becomes monochromatic as depth increases, a portable light source is required for underwater photography. The first Calypso-based Nikonos cameras (I and II) were equipped with two-pin sync ports for flashbulb units. The Nikonos III added a third pin to support electronic flash units; although a prototype was exhibited (SB-11), the first electronic Nikonos flash unit, the SB-101, was introduced with the Nikonos IV-A; both the IV-A and III supported the SB-101, but the IV-A dropped support for the flashbulb units. The SB-102 and -103 were introduced with the Nikonos V, with the SB-103 a more compact version of the SB-102, which in turn was an updated version of the SB-101. The SB-104 and -105 were introduced with the Nikonos RS; all four of these units (SB-102 through -105) supported TTL flash operation.
The SB-103 was recalled in September 1998; hydrogen gas could potentially build up and be ignited by the flash tube, which would eject the front lens and flash tube assembly from the unit. Owners of recalled units were offered the SB-105 as a replacement. Because the SB-103 housing was designed to be pressure-resistant, Nikon was unable to crush the recalled units and instead drilled a hole through the "103" marking on the side of the flash. Some of the recalled units were subsequently resold on the secondary market. The recall was still active as of October 2017; because the SB-105 is no longer being manufactured, SB-103 owners will instead receive a voucher.
Notes
In popular culture
An unbranded Nikonos was operated by James Bond in the 1965 film Thunderball.
References
External links
Evolution of the Nikonos, by Nikon
The Nikonos System, Andew[sic] Dawson, Photo.net, 2003
Underwater photography range, Nikon USA
Nikonos underwater camera models, Photography In Malaysia
Underwater cameras
Nikon cameras | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikonos |
Patrick E. Crago is the Allen H. and Constance T.Ford Professor and Chairman of Biomedical Engineering at Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio. Crago is a biomedical engineer currently serving as a Principal Investigator at the Cleveland FES Center.
Academic achievements
Patrick Crago received the B.S.E.E. from Carnegie-Mellon University in 1967, and the M.S. and Ph.D. in biomedical engineering from Case Western Reserve University, in 1970 and 1973 respectively, followed by post-doctoral studies in neuromuscular physiology at Johns Hopkins University.
He returned to Case as a Senior Research Associate in 1976. He served as acting co-director for the Applied Neural Control Laboratory (currently Neural Engineering Center) at Case Western Reserve University from 1977 to 1978. He joined the BME faculty in 1982. In 1985, he received an appointment as a Biomedical Engineer at the Cleveland VA Medical Center. In 1996, Dr. Crago served as an organizer for the Engineering Foundation Conference in Biomechanics and Neural Control of Movement. He was a member of the NIH-NICHD Subcommittee on Medical Rehabilitation Research from 1996 to 2000, for which he served as chairman from 2000 to 2001. In 1999 he was appointed the Allen H. and Constance T. Ford Professor of Biomedical Engineering, and chairman of the department. He served as co-director of the NSF IGERT on Neuromechanical Systems at Case Western Reserve University from 2000-2003. He served as BioDirector for The Institute for Management and Engineering (TiME) at Case Western Reserve University in 2002, and received an appointment as associate staff at the Cleveland Clinic Foundation in 2003. He was part of the steering committee for the five-year plan for NIDRR from 2003 to 2004. From 2004 to 2005 Prof. Crago was the chairperson for the Council of chairs of Programs in Bioengineering and Biomedical Engineering. He currently serves in the Policy Committee for the MSTP Program at Case Western Reserve University.
Dr. Crago received fellowship awards from the American Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering and from the Biomedical Engineering Society in 2000 and 2005, respectively.
Research interests
His major research interests are in the area of movement control and regulation of posture, particularly the restoration of movement by neuroprostheses employing neuromuscular stimulation. This research emphasizes the role of feedback, muscle mechanical properties of the limbs in the execution and regulation of movements. Current research projects include the control of wrist flexion/extension and elbow extension in patients with spinal cord injuries. Other projects involve the clinical implementation and evaluation of closed-loop stiffness regulation for hand grasp, and the development of muscle models suitable for use in the stimulations with neuronal models.
Professional memberships
Crago is a member of the Society for Neuroscience, American Society for Biomechanics, IEEE/Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society, International FES Society, American Association for the Advancement of Science, American Society for Engineering Education, and Biomedical Engineering Society.
Selected publications
Giuffrida, J.P. and Crago, P.E., “Functional restoration of elbow extension after spinal cord injury using a neural network based synergistic FES controller”, IEEE Trans. Neural Systs. and Rehab. Eng., 13:147-152, 2005.
Swift MJ, Crago PE, Grill WM. Applied electric fields accelerate the diffusion rate and increase the diffusion distance of DiI in fixed tissue, J. Neurosci. Meth., 141:155-63, 2005
Sutton GP, Mangan EV, Neustadter DM, Beer RD, Crago PE, Chiel HJ, Neural control exploits changing mechanical advantage and context dependence to generate different feeding responses in Aplysia. Biological Cybernetics 91, 333-345, 2004.
Sutton GP, Macknin JB, Gartman SS, Sunny GP, Beer RD, Crago PE, Chiel HJ, Passive properties within the feeding apparatus of Aplysia aid retraction in biting but not in swallowing. Journal of Comparative Physiology A, 190:501-514, 2004.
Perreault, E.J., Kirsch, R.F., and Crago, P.E. " Multijoint dynamics and postural stability of the human arm”, Exp Brain Res., 157:507-1, 2004.
Lujan, J.L. and Crago, P.E., “Computer-based test-bed for clinical assessment of neuroprosthesis controllers using artificial neural networks”, Med Biol Eng Comput, 42:754-61, 2004.
Memberg, W.D. and Crago, P.E., Keith, M.K, “Restoration of elbow extension by FES in individuals with tetraplegia”, J. Rehab. Res. & Devel. 40:477-486, 2003.
Drushel, RF, Sutton, GP, Neustadter, DM, Mangan, EV, Adams, BW, Crago, PE, and Chiel, HJ. Radula-centric and Odontophore-centric Kinematic Models of Swallowing in Aplysia californica, J. Exp. Biol., 205:2029-2051, 2002.
Neustadter, D.M., Drushel, R.F., Crago, P.E., Adams, B.W, and Chiel, H.J., “A kinematic model of swallowing in Aplysia californica based on radula/odontophore kinematics and in vivo MRI”, J. Exp. Biol. 205:3177-3205, 2002.
Perreault, E.J., Kirsch, R.F. and Crago, P.E., "Voluntary control of static endpoint stiffness during force regulation tasks", J. Neurophysiol., 87:2808-2816, 2002.
Lin, C.C.K. and Crago, P.E., “Neural and mechanical contributions to the stretch reflex: A model synthesis”, Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 30:54-67, 2002.
Lin, C.C.K..and Crago, P.E., “A structural model of the muscle spindle”, Annals of Biomedical Engineering, 30:68-83, 2002.
Perreault, E.J., Kirsch, R.F., and Crago, P.E. "Effects of voluntary force generation on the elastic components of endpoint stiffness", Exp. Brain Res., 141:312-323, 2001.
Perreault, E.J., Kirsch, R.F. and Crago, P.E., "Postural Arm Control Following Cervical Spinal Cord Injury", IEEE Trans. Neural Systems and Rehab. Eng., 9:369-77, 2001.
Giuffrida, J.P. and Crago, P.E., "Reciprocal EMG control of elbow extension by FES", IEEE Trans. Neural Systems and Rehab. Eng., 9:338-345, 2001.
American medical researchers
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick%20E.%20Crago |
Tellurium hexafluoride is the inorganic compound of tellurium and fluorine with the chemical formula TeF6. It is a colorless, highly toxic gas with an unpleasant odor.
Preparation
Tellurium hexafluoride can be prepared by treating tellurium with fluorine gas at 150 °C. It can also be prepared by fluorination of TeO3 with bromine trifluoride. Upon heating, TeF4 disproportionates to give TeF6 and Te.
Properties
Tellurium hexafluoride is a highly symmetric octahedral molecule. Its physical properties resemble those of the hexafluorides of sulfur and selenium. It is less volatile, however, due to the increase in polarizability. At temperatures below −38 °C, tellurium hexafluoride condenses to a volatile white solid.
Reactivity
Tellurium hexafluoride is much more chemically reactive than SF6. For example, TeF6 slowly hydrolyzes to Te(OH)6:
TeF6 + 6 H2O → Te(OH)6 + 6 HF
Treatment of tellurium hexafluoride with tetramethylammonium fluoride (Me4NF) gives, sequentially, the hepta- and octafluorides:
TeF6 + Me4NF → Me4NTeF7
Me4NTeF7 + Me4NF → (Me4N)2TeF8
Further sources
W.C. Cooper, Tellurium, Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York, USA, 1971.
K.W. Bagnall, The Chemistry of Selenium, Tellurium and Polonium, Elsevier Publishing, New York, 1966.
R.T. Sanderson, Chemical Periodicity, Reinhold, New York, USA, 1960.
F. A. Cotton, G. Wilkinson, C.A. Murillo, and M. Bochmann; Advanced Inorganic Chemistry, John Wiley & Sons, 1999.
G.J. Hathaway, N.H. Proctor, Chemical Hazards of the Workplace, 5th edition, Wiley-Interscience, New Jersey, 2004.
References
External links
Web Elements
OSHA
CDC – NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
Tellurium halides
Hexafluorides
Octahedral compounds
Foul-smelling chemicals
Tellurium(VI) compounds | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tellurium%20hexafluoride |
S. Fischer Verlag is a major German publishing house, which has operated as a division of Holtzbrinck Publishing Group since 1962. The publishing house was founded in 1881 by Samuel Fischer in Berlin, but is currently based in Frankfurt am Main, and is traditionally counted among the most prestigious publishing houses in the German-speaking world.
History
Originally, it was renowned for naturalistic literature. Famous authors include Gerhart Hauptmann and Thomas Mann, both awarded the Nobel Prize in literature.
After the Nazis came to power in Germany, the Jewish family of owner Gottfried Bermann-Fischer fled and founded a branch of their publishing house in Vienna. Those who remained in Berlin kept the official name "S. Fischer Verlag" and were led by Peter Suhrkamp.
After the Second World War, disputes over the future of the publishing house arose between Suhrkamp and Fischer. This led to an out-of-court agreement, resulting in a sort of bisection of the S. Fischer Verlag: Bermann-Fischer regained control from Peter Suhrkamp, but Suhrkamp founded his own Suhrkamp publishing house in 1950, and authors could choose which publishing house they wanted to be published by in future. Ultimately, 33 of the 48 authors, among them Bertolt Brecht, Hermann Hesse, T. S. Eliot and George Bernard Shaw, decided to change to Suhrkamp.
Among the imprints of Fischer are Fischer Taschenbuch Verlag, Argon Verlag and Scherz Verlag. Today the S. Fischer Verlag, as well as other publishers, such as Kindler, Rowohlt, and Kiepenheuer & Witsch and Metzler, are part of Holtzbrinck, a publishing group. Holtzbrinck bought S. Fischer in 1963.
In 2010, O. W. Barth Verlag, which had been part of Scherz Verlag, was acquired by Droemer Knaur, which is also part of the Holtzbrinck Group.
Edition Peters — a prominent publisher for worldwide music — was located next door to them, but in 2014 moved to Leipzig.
Controversies
In 2015, S. Fischer Verlag sued US-based Project Gutenberg in German court for copyright infringement of 18 works by Heinrich Mann, Thomas Mann and Alfred Döblin, works in the public domain in the US, but still copyrighted under German law. In February 2018 Project Gutenberg responded to the German court's judgement by blocking all access to Project Gutenberg from IP addresses in Germany, making the full content of Project Gutenberg inaccessible for German residents.
Further reading
Martin Mauthner: German Writers in French Exile, 1933-1940, Vallentine Mitchell, London 2007,
References
External links
At Holtzbrinck
Book publishing companies of Germany
Holtzbrinck Publishing Group
Companies based in Frankfurt
Mass media in Frankfurt
Publishing companies established in 1886
1886 establishments in Germany | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S.%20Fischer%20Verlag |
Brendan Joseph Beiser (born April 17, 1970) is a Canadian actor best known for his performance as Agent Pendrell in the science fiction television show The X-Files.
Personal life
Beiser was born in Boston. He is the son of Order of Canada recipient, professor Morton Beiser, and Canadian socialite Roberta Lando Beiser, brother to journalist Vince Beiser, and is related to actor Peter Lando as well as horror film director Jeffrey Lando. Beiser moved from Boston to France at age six, and then to Vancouver at age seven. He studied theatre at Concordia University in Montreal, and later attended the William Davis Centre for Actors' Study in Vancouver, where he studied under William B. Davis and Mark Bauer.
Brendan lives in Vancouver.
Career
Beiser is primarily a comedic actor, appearing in sketch-comedy productions like Aardvark (1994) and taking comic roles in feature films Something Beneath and TV such as Night Man, The Fear: Resurrection (1999), Ice Angel (2000), and Wolf Canyon. He has also voiced the character of Quincy in Mary-Kate and Ashley Olsen's animated series Mary-Kate and Ashley in Action!
Along with best friend Trevor White, Beiser co-starred in a stage play and short film called Aardvark! which he wrote and directed for the 1997 Canadian Fringe Festival. He also directed the short film --Er, chronicling his attempt to produce a film starring his family for a festival competition, which won the ZeD People's Choice Award at the 2003 ReelFast 48 Hour Film Festival. Beiser and White also have their own production company, called Duck, a Whale.
More recently Beiser has become the face of LifeWise Health Plan of Oregon's "boringly good" campaign.
References
External links
1970 births
Living people
American emigrants to Canada
Canadian male stage actors
Canadian male television actors
Concordia University alumni
Male actors from Boston
Male actors from Vancouver | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brendan%20Beiser |
Černá Hora (i.e. black mountain in Czech) may refer to:
Černá Hora (Blansko District), a market town in the Czech Republic
Černá hora (Bohemian Forest), a peak in the Bohemian Forest
Černá hora, a peak in the Giant Mountains
Montenegro, a country called Černá Hora in Czech
See also
Montenegro (disambiguation)
Black Mountain (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Cern%C3%A1%20Hora |
Government House is the official residence of the governor-general of the Bahamas, located in Nassau. It was built in the colonial days and was the residence of the governor of the Bahamas. It later continued in the role of official residence and office of the governor-general following political independence from the United Kingdom in 1973.
Built on a hill known as Mount Fitzwilliam and completed in 1806, this imposing stuccoed-coral-rock building on Duke Street is the Bahamian archipelago's foremost example of Georgian Colonial architecture. In 1814, Colonel Don Antonio de Alcedo, a Spanish scholar and soldier, wrote admiringly of its effect. The Oriental Herald, in 1825, stated: "The new Government-House, standing on the centre of the ridge that overlooks the town, was built by a sum voted by the House of Assembly from the funds of the Treasury and cost upwards of 20,000l. It is built in the European style of architecture, and is universally considered the best building of the kind throughout the West Indies".
The building's original neoclassical aspect, as well as its stone construction, was directly influenced by the arrival of Loyalists from the southern United States in the 1780s. Previously most Bahamian buildings had been built of painted wood. Typically Bahamian elements, however, include louvred wood shutters and brightly painted exterior, in this case a brilliant shade of conch-pink. The primary façade, centred on a pedimented entrance supported by four stout Ionic columns, dates from the 1930s, when the building was remodelled following the hurricane of 1929.
History
The original Government House on this site was completed in 1737, as a home for Governor Richard Fitzwilliam. That building was supplanted by a neoclassical structure built between 1803 and 1806; Charles Cameron was the first governor to occupy it. This two-story incarnation measured more than 100 feet in length, and its primary façade, overlooking the harbour, was dominated by a full-length upper gallery supported by ten columns.
The statue of Christopher Columbus that stands at the harbourside entrance of the building was reportedly designed in London by an aide to American novelist Washington Irving, a Columbus biographer. The 12-foot-tall representation was placed in front of Government House by Governor James Carmichael Smyth in 1830 and is "notable for its size rather than its artistry". As another observer wrote of the statue, "It is fortunate that the statue is labeled, for otherwise no one would ever guess that the swaggering, piratical-looking figure, with a slouch hat cocked rakishly on its head and a toga over its shoulder, is intended to represent Columbus".
Early renovations
In 1909 the east wing was added; the west wing is commonly known as the Windsor Wing, named for the Duke of Windsor, who was governor from 1940 to 1945.
Government House was seriously affected by the hurricane of 1929. As a history recounts, "[T]he eastern wing of the Government House was unroofed on three sides and damaged to the extent that it was not fit for occupancy so major repair work had to be done to the roof and buildings". This restoration work, which included the removal of the original gallery and its replacement by the current temple-like entrance and cupola-topped roof, was completed in 1932.
1940s renovations
From late 1940 through 1941, Government House, then described as "a cracked and flaking edifice ... with about as much warmth and atmosphere as Wellington Barracks", was renovated by the Duchess of Windsor, whose husband, the Duke, formerly King Edward VIII of Great Britain, served as Governor of the Bahamas from 1940 to 1945. During the renovation of the interiors—which suffered from an excess of high-gloss blue paint and worn Victorian furniture—the Windsors occupied Sigrist House, the residence of Sir Frederick Sigrist, a British aviation magnate, "who offered to let them use it while repairs and redecorations were in progress. The couple's term at the Sigrist house ended when they agreed to move to Westbourne, the mansion of industrialist Harry Oakes.
The Government House renovation architect was an American, Sidney Neil, who practised largely in Palm Beach, Florida. In addition to structural repairs, the building was replumbed and rewired; a new wing was built as well, for the Windsors' staff and offices. (The so-called Windsor Wing is now used by the Royal Bahamian Defence Force.) The interior decorator for Government House was a friend of the Duchess's, socialite Isabel T. Bradley (Mrs Winthrop Curtis Bradley). As the Duchess informed her aunt Bessie Merryman, in a September 1940 letter, "[T]ogether we are going to dish this shack up so that at least one isn't ashamed of asking the local horrors here". Client and decorator purchased furnishings from the United States and via mail order for the project. The resulting decor was described as "'frankly smart and modernistic' with Regency touches" and included a room with baseboards made of natural rattan and a table whose surface was ornamented with a three-foot-long replica of the Duchess's signature. The Duchess "introduced New York wallpapers and she painted one room exactly the same shade of her favorite face powder".
Though the budget for the renovation had been set at $6,000 by the House of Assembly, the eventual cost turned out to be $21,000, much of it paid for by the Windsors, but the results were "now so charming the Duchess of Windsor has been blessed by every succeeding Governor's wife". One of the Duchess's suggested improvements, however, was denied. As recounted in a lengthy profile of the Windsors in Life published in 1941, "In the modernization of Government House, the Duchess wanted to remove the front door which was a relic of an older government house and which had withstood all hurricanes, even the famous storm of 1929. The door also withstood the Duchess who was permitted to cover the upper half of the battered wood with a black glass panel on which is appropriately printed in white the famous device of the Duke's Order of the Garter—Honi soit qui mal y pense". The glass plaque was shipped from the Windsors' house in France and remains in place.
See also
Government Houses of the British Empire
Governors-General of the Bahamas
References
External links
Official residences in the Bahamas
Government Houses of the British Empire and Commonwealth | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Government%20House%2C%20The%20Bahamas |
The 139th Pennsylvania was an infantry regiment in the Union Army during the American Civil War.
History
The 139th was formed at Camp Howe, near Pittsburgh, on September 1, 1862. Frederick H. Collier was the first colonel. After burying the dead on the field of Second Battle of Bull Run, the regiment was attached to Howe's Brigade of Couch's Division of the IV Corps of the Army of the Potomac where it replaced De Trobriand's 55th New York, Gardes Lafayette regiment on September 11, 1862. The composition of this brigade remained unchanged from this point until the war's end and included the 62d NY, 93d PVI, 98th PVI and the 102d PVI.
During this time Couch's Division was detached from the Army and was occupied with guarding the fords on the Potomac. The 139th along with its brigade and division spent the next week marching from Poolesville to Sandy Hook, Maryland, from where on September 17, 1862, it was forced marched to the Battle of Antietam where it was placed in line of battle but did not see any significant combat. The next day, the regiment pursued the Confederate army and fought in a skirmish at Williamsport.
The 139th was transferred in October 1862 to the VI Corps. In the Battle of Fredericksburg, it suffered minor casualties from artillery fire, but didn't get a chance to fight. Five months later, however, it did participate in the 2nd Battle of Fredericksburg. At the Battle of Gettysburg in July, it helped defend the left flank of the Union army.
Throughout the spring and into early summer of 1864, the 139th fought in Grant's Overland Campaign and the early stages of the Siege of Petersburg. In July, it was transferred to Washington, D.C., with the rest of the VI Corps to defeat Lt. Gen. Jubal Early's attack on the city. Then they fought under Philip Sheridan in the Valley to ensure that no more Confederate armies would invade again. (See the article on the campaign). By December 1864, they were back in the siege lines of Petersburg.
The 139th supported Sheridan in the Appomattox Campaign and fought in the Battle of Sailor's Creek. After the surrender at Appomattox Courthouse, it was ordered to the North Carolina border to support William T. Sherman, but the Confederate surrender there made further support unnecessary. The regiment was mustered out June 21, 1865.
Casualties
Killed and mortally wounded: 10 officers, 135 enlisted men
Wounded: ? officers, ? enlisted men
Died of disease: 5 officers, 86 enlisted men
Captured or missing: ? officers, ? men
Total casualties: ? officers, ? men
References
Unit history from the Pennsylvania in the Civil War site
Units and formations of the Union Army from Pennsylvania
History of Pittsburgh
1862 establishments in Pennsylvania
Military units and formations established in 1862
Military units and formations disestablished in 1865 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/139th%20Pennsylvania%20Infantry%20Regiment |
Tang Jiyao () (August 14, 1883 – May 23, 1927) was a Chinese general and warlord of Yunnan during the Warlord Era of early Republican China. He was military governor of Yunnan from 1913-27.
Life
Tang was born in Huize county in 1883 in what is Qujing, Yunnan province. He passed the Imperial examination in 1903 and was selected by the Qing government to study military theory at Tokyo Shimbu Gakko in Japan the following year. While in Japan he met Sun Yat-sen and became a member of the Tongmenghui revolutionary society dedicated to overthrowing the monarchy. In 1907 he continued on to the Imperial Japanese Army Academy. Returning to Yunnan in 1909, he served in a number of military posts in the New Army. In 1911, under the command of Gen. Cai E, he participated in the Wuchang Uprising, which marked the start of the Xinhai Revolution that eventually toppled the Qing dynasty.
During early 1912 Tang’s forces invaded neighboring Guizhou Province, which he conquered. He was recognized as military governor of Guizhou by the Beiyang government in May of that year. Liu Xianshi succeeded Tang as Guizhou governor when Tang returned to Yunnan to succeed Cai E as military governor. Tang Jiyao replaced Cai E as military Governor of Yunnan in 1913. Tang agreed with Cai E that the military was the most important institution in China and should play a major role in government, leading to the Yunnan army remaining a major force.
When Yuan Shikai proclaimed himself emperor of China in December 1915, Tang announced the independence of Yunnan with the support of Cai E, Li Liejun and others. He was a prominent leader of the army against Yuan Shikai during the National Protection War, and with Yuan’s death Tang emerged as one of the most powerful military leaders in southern China and extended his power base into Guangxi and Sichuan provinces.
After Cai E died in 1916, Tang helped Sun Yat-Sen set up the Constitutional Protection Movement in 1917 and started his own party, the People's Party (民治党), while remaining a member of Sun's Kuomintang.
Tang Jiyao had a cousin, Tang Jiyu, who was also a general. Tang Jiyao sought to use propaganda to gain publicity for himself on the national stage in China. He smuggled confiscated opium to Shanghai, but the local Green Gang informed the British authorities and much of the opium ended up on the black market. Tang Jiyu avoided Shanghai during the trial against officials involved in the opium deal in 1916.
Tang Jiyao set up an opium trafficking scheme in Yunnan, with monopolies, taxes and licenses, and succeeded in producing large amounts of opium from poppy plants, which were suited to Yunnan's climate. He transported opium via Indochina to Haiphong, which was a port, from where it was sent to China via the coast. Along with the prospects of exporting homegrown Yunnanese opium and morphia to other provinces, Tang Jiyao maintained his fleet of dozens of combat and transport aircraft based at Kunming Wujiaba airbase which he and Cai E established in 1911, and officially opening Yunnan Aviation School in 1922.
Tang Jiyao was described in colorful ways in two books by French journalist and novelist Lucien Bodard, i.e. "Monsieur le consul" ("The French Consul", 1973) and "Le fils du consul" ("The Consul's Son", 1975), based on his recollections when he was a child with his father, Albert Bodard, who was Consul of France, successively in Chengdu and in Yunnanfu (later called Kunming). In these two books there are chapters with extensive descriptions of Tang Jiyao's dealings with colonial French authorities in China and Hanoi, French Indochina, as part of his efforts to develop his drug trade to finance weapons purchases for his army while France was trying to build a railroad from Hanoi to Kunming and further to Chengdu to expand their economic and political interests in southern China from French Indochina.
When Sun Yat-sen was appointed Grand Marshal of the military government in Guangzhou, Tang Jiyao was promoted to the rank of Marshal.
He assisted Sun in defeating the Old Guangxi Clique, when it tried to seize the Yunnan Army and remove Tang as its leader in 1920.
Downfall
Six days after Sun's death in 1925, Tang claimed to be Sun's successor and head of the Kuomintang; however, the party rejected his claims. Tang then invaded Guangdong and Guangxi but was defeated by Li Zongren in the Yunnan-Guangxi War. Tang later became vice premier of Chen Jiongming's China Public Interest Party. He died of illness in May 1927 in Kunming, one month after he was ousted by Hu Ruoyu and Long Yun in a military coup and lost all of his power in Yunnan. Long Yun then supported Chiang Kai-shek's Nanjing government, dissolved the People's Party and expelled Chen's party.
References
External links
1883 births
1927 deaths
Republic of China warlords from Yunnan
Tongmenghui members
People of the 1911 Revolution
Governors of Yunnan
Chinese police officers
Marshals of China
People from Qujing
Progressive Party (China) politicians
China Zhi Gong Party politicians
Members of the Kuomintang
Empire of China (1915–1916)
Recipients of the Ordre des Palmes Académiques
Recipients of the Legion of Honour | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tang%20Jiyao |
TI Connect is an application available from Texas Instruments (TI) that allows users to transfer files between a TI graphing calculator and a computer via a link cable. While all models that are capable of linking are supported with the macOS version of TI-Connect, the TI-82 and TI-85 are not currently supported with the Windows version. It has been superseded with TI Connect CE.
TI Connect is the successor of the TI-Graph Link software and contains similar functionality. Even though TI Connect was released 6 years after Windows 95 came out, this was TI’s first attempt to move out of the 16-bit software paradigm made prevalent in Windows 3.1. One feature which TI Connect did not retain from TI-Graph Link was the ability to edit TI-BASIC on a computer, but unlike TI-Graph Link, does not require a software version specific to each calculator.
Many slowdowns are experienced with the software, usually resulting from the slow USB connection between the computer and calculator. Unexplained errors sometimes occur with the software, preventing users from transferring programs over. One solution is to use the TI SendTo sub-application, which is more stable than the Device Explorer.
References
External links
http://education.ti.com/educationportal/sites/US/productDetail/us_ti_connect.html
Graphing calculator software
Texas Instruments calculators | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TI%20Connect |
HotDocs is a document automation (also known as document generation or document assembly) software company currently owned by AbacusNext. Version 1.0 of HotDocs was introduced in 1993.
Description
HotDocs transforms documents and graphical (PDF) forms into document-generation templates and deploys of these templates to various server environments.
Document modeling in HotDocs can range from variable insertions to the formation and insertions of complex, computed variables. Business logic consisting of IF/THEN statements and REPEAT loops can be built into the template to control the inclusion or exclusion of language blocks. HotDocs includes a variety of other scripting instructions and sets of pre-packaged functions using boolean logic. HotDocs also enables system architects to create custom functions.
In use, a HotDocs template queries the user for the information necessary to generate a document (or set of documents) and saves the information in an answer file. The application then uses the saved information to assemble a custom version of the document, inserting and formatting variable information, inserting the right clauses based on transactional conditions, and inserting correct pronouns and verbs.
The HotDocs technology stack includes a logic core, a set of development tools, platforms for deploying intelligent templates in any environment, and a wide range of user-layer technologies (web applications for consuming HotDocs templates).
Logic Core
At the base of the HotDocs stack is a logic core, which consists of 1 million+ lines of code. The logic core enables HotDocs to handle the modeling complexities of documents and forms of any complexity and any length.
HotDocs Developer
HotDocs Developer is a document-generation-process-modelling environment that allows a system architect to build business logic into a document. HotDocs Developer, likewise, allows a system architect to design interviews (sequences of interactive data-gathering forms) that gather all the information necessary to generate the underlying document or documents. In combination, a modelled document and its accompanying interview are the two parts of a document automation template.
HotDocs Developer works within commercially available word processors such as Microsoft Word. This approach is useful for organizations that want to retain all the formatting attributes currently used in their word processing documents, including font faces, columns, pagination elements, etc.
HotDocs includes a development environment for the automation of PDF-based graphical forms (fields, checkboxes, etc.). HotDocs allows for shared components among any number of documents, meaning all the Word documents, WordPerfect documents, and PDF-based forms in a set can be generated from a single answer file.
HotDocs Platforms
The HotDocs stack includes platforms for desktop, client/server (on-premises), and cloud deployment of HotDocs document-generation templates. Multiple third-party developers build their own technologies on the HotDocs desktop API. HotDocs Server is designed for on-premises, server-based document generation. HotDocs Cloud Services is a multi-tenant, cloud version of HotDocs Server designed for enterprises that want to forego the upfront cost and upkeep of HotDocs Server.
HotDocs User-Layer Technologies
HotDocs provides multiple off-the-shelf applications for using HotDocs templates, including a standard desktop application and several browser applications.
History
What is now known as HotDocs Corporation began as a research project in the mid-1970s at Brigham Young University Law School. Funded at the time by West Publishing, the project began as a code base, developed for the VAX mainframe computer running the VMS operating system. In the late 1980s, the project became commercial with the founding of Capsoft Development by Marshall Morrise. Capsoft Development licensed the technology from BYU and ported the code base into DOS. A few years later, the technology was re-birthed as HotDocs, a Windows-based version that reflected many of the original feature sets from the old VAX version.
Version 1 of HotDocs was released in 1993. Graphical forms functionality was added in 1996. In 1998, HotDocs Corporation was purchased by Matthew Bender. HotDocs Corporation became the property of LexisNexis in 1999 when LexisNexis bought Matthew Bender. In 2009, Capsoft UK, the largest independent reseller of HotDocs software, bought the HotDocs business from LexisNexis.
In October 2011, HotDocs announced that its software would be deployed to 15,000 members of the U.S. Department of Justice. The company also entered into a partnership with Thomson Reuters to provide the technology platform for Interactive Decision Tools on Checkpoint, a research and analysis tool for tax lawyers and accountancy firms.
In January 2012, HotDocs released HotDocs Document Services, a software-as-a-service (SaaS) application designed to extend browser-based document generation to small-to-medium-sized law firms. HotDocs has recently launched HotDocs Author 1.0. This is a massive bundle service for big enterprise businesses. They are still retaining HotDocs Developer and User. These are being sold to smaller businesses.
In 2017, HotDocs was acquired by AbacusNext.
Products
HotDocs Developer—used to transform documents and forms into templates.
HotDocs User—a desktop application for organizing and accessing templates built with HotDocs Developer.
HotDocs Server—designed for server-based deployment of HotDocs templates.
HotDocs Cloud Services—launched in January 2012, a cloud-based SaaS (Software-as-a-Service) product which allows law firms and other entities already using HotDocs to transition from the desktop to the internet for document production.
See also
Document Automation
Cloud computing
References
External links
HotDocs (USA)
HotDocs (International)
Business software | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HotDocs |
The Xia–Shang–Zhou Chronology Project () was a multi-disciplinary project commissioned by the People's Republic of China in 1996 to determine with accuracy the location and time frame of the Xia, Shang, and Zhou dynasties.
The project was directed by professor Li Xueqin of Tsinghua University in Beijing, and involved around 200 experts. It used radiocarbon dating, archaeological dating methods, historical textual analysis, astronomy, and other methods to achieve greater temporal and geographic accuracy. Preliminary results were released in November 2000 and the final report was published in June 2022. Among other findings, it dated the beginning of the Xia to , the Shang to , and the Zhou to . However, some scholars have disputed several of the project's methods and conclusions.
Background
The traditional account of ancient China, represented by the Records of the Grand Historian written by Sima Qian in the Han dynasty, begins with the Three Sovereigns and Five Emperors, leading through a sequence of dynasties, the Xia, Shang and Zhou. Sima Qian felt able to give a year-by-year chronology back to the start of the Gonghe Regency in 841 BC, early in the Zhou dynasty. For the period before that date, his sources (now mostly lost) were unreliable and inconsistent, and he gave only lists of kings and accounts of isolated events. Later scholars were unable to push a precise chronology back past Sima Qian's date of 841 BC.
Many elements of the traditional account, especially the early parts, were clearly mythical. In the 1920s, Gu Jiegang and other scholars of the Doubting Antiquity School noted that the earliest figures appeared latest in the literature, and suggested that the traditional history had accreted layers of myth. Noting parallels between the accounts of the Xia and Shang, they suggested that the history of the Xia was invented by the Zhou to support their doctrine of the Mandate of Heaven, by which they justified their conquest of the Shang. Some even doubted the historicity of the Shang dynasty.
In 1899, the scholar Wang Yirong examined some curious symbols carved on "dragon bones" purchased from a Chinese pharmacist, and identified them as an early form of Chinese writing. The bones were finally traced back in 1928 to a site (now called Yinxu) near Anyang, north of the Yellow River in modern Henan province. The inscriptions on the bones were found to be divination records from the reigns of the last nine Shang kings, from the reign of Wu Ding. Moreover, from the sacrificial schedule recorded on the bones it was possible to reconstruct a sequence of Shang kings that closely matched the list given by Sima Qian.
Archaeologists focussed on the Yellow River valley in Henan as the most likely site of the states described in the traditional histories. After 1950, remnants of an earlier walled city of the Erligang culture were discovered near Zhengzhou, and in 1959 the site of the Erlitou culture was found in Yanshi, south of the Yellow River near Luoyang. Radiocarbon dating suggests that the Erlitou culture flourished c. 2100 BC to 1800 BC. They built large palaces, suggesting the existence of an organized state. More recently the picture has been complicated by the discovery of advanced civilizations in Sichuan and the Yangtze valley, such as Sanxingdui and Wucheng, of which the traditional histories make no mention.
Until the mid-20th century, many popular works, both Chinese and Western, used a traditional chronology calculated by Liu Xin early in the first century AD. However, modern scholars studying inscriptions on Shang oracle bones and Zhou bronzes were proposing shorter chronologies, for example typically placing the Zhou conquest of the Shang in the mid-11th century BC instead of the 12th.
In 1994, Song Jian, a state councillor for science, was impressed on a visit to Egypt by chronologies stretching back to the 3rd millennium BC. He proposed a multi-disciplinary project to establish a similar chronology for China. The project was approved as part of the ninth five-year plan (1996–2000).
A preliminary report of the project was issued in 2000. The full report was published in June 2022 after more than a decade of revision.
Methods
The Project used a combination of methods to attempt to correlate the traditional literature with archeological discoveries and the astronomical record.
Western Zhou kings
The contemporary evidence for the Western Zhou consists of thousands of bronzes, many bearing inscriptions. Around 60 of these record dates of important events as the day in the sexagenary cycle, the phase of the moon, the month and the year of reign. However the king is usually not identified.
Occasionally an unusual astronomical event was recorded. A key reference point was the accession of King Yi of Zhou, when according to the "old text" Bamboo Annals the day dawned twice.
The Project adopted (without acknowledgement) the proposal of the Korean scholar Pang Sunjoo (方善柱) that this referred to an annular solar eclipse at dawn that occurred in 899 BC.
Other scholars have challenged both this interpretation of the text and the astronomical calculations involved.
King Wu's conquest of the Shang
Perhaps the most significant event requiring dating is the conquest of the Shang by the Zhou, described in traditional histories as the Battle of Muye, though the site of the battle has not been identified. Previous chronologies had proposed at least 44 different dates for this event, ranging from 1130 to 1018 BC.
The most popular have been 1122 BC, calculated by the Han dynasty astronomer Liu Xin, and 1027 BC, deduced from a statement in the "old text" Bamboo Annals that the Western Zhou (whose end point is known to be 770 BC) had lasted 257 years.
A few documents relate astronomical observations to this event:
A quotation in the Book of Han from the lost Wǔchéng 武成 chapter of the Book of Documents appears to describe a lunar eclipse just before the beginning of King Wu's campaign. This date, and the date of his victory, are given as months and sexagenary days.
A passage in the Guoyu gives the positions of the Sun, Moon, Jupiter and two stars on the day King Wu attacked the Shang.
The "current text" Bamboo Annals mentions conjunctions of all five planets occurring before and after the Zhou conquest. Han-period texts mention the first conjunction as occurring in the 32nd year of the reign of the last king. Such events are rare, but all five planets did gather on 28 May 1059 BC and again on 26 September 1019 BC. Although the recorded positions in the sky of these two events are the reverse of what occurred, they could not have been retrospectively calculated at the time the account first appears.
The strategy adopted by the Project was to use archeological investigation to narrow the range of dates that would need to be compared with the astronomical data. Although no archaeological traces of King Wu's campaign have been found, the pre-conquest Zhou capital at Fengxi in Shaanxi has been excavated and strata at the site have been identified with the pre-dynastic Zhou. Radiocarbon dating of samples from the site as well as at late Yinxu and early Zhou capitals, using the wiggle matching technique, yielded a date for the conquest between 1050 and 1020 BC. The only date within that range matching all the astronomical data is 20 January 1046 BC. This date had previously been proposed by David Pankenier, who had matched the above passages from the classics with the same astronomical events, but here it resulted from a thorough consideration of a broader range of evidence.
Other scholars have raised several criticisms of this process. The connection between the layers at the archaeological sites and the conquest is uncertain. The narrow range of radiocarbon dates are cited with a less stringent confidence interval (68%) than the standard requirement of 95%, which would have produced a much wider range. The texts describing the relevant astronomical phenomena are extremely obscure. For example, the inscription on the Li gui, a key text used in dating the conquest, can be interpreted in several different ways, with one alternative reading leading to the date of 9 January 1044 BC.
Late Shang kings
For the late Shang, the oracle bones provide less detail than Zhou bronzes, routinely recording only the day in the sexagenary cycle.
However, calculations using a longer ritual cycle were used to date the reigns of the last two Shang kings. Mentions of five lunar eclipses in oracle bone divinations from the late Wu Ding and Zu Geng reigns were identified with events spanning the period from 1201 and 1181 BC, from which a start date for Zu Geng's reign was derived. The start date of Wu Ding's reign was then calculated using the statement in the "Against Luxurious Ease" chapter of the Book of Documents that his reign lasted 59 years.
Early Shang and Xia
According to the traditional histories, Pan Geng, three reigns earlier than Wu Ding, moved the Shang capital to its last site, generally identified with the Yinxu site in Anyang.
Different interpretations of the text of the Bamboo Annals give intervals of 275, 273 or 253 years between this event and the Zhou conquest.
The project settled on a date near the shortest of these intervals.
The four phases of the Erlitou culture have been divided between the Xia and Shang dynasties in different ways by various prominent archaeologists.
The project assigned all four phases to the Xia, identifying the establishment of the Shang dynasty with the building of the Yanshi walled city north-east of the Erlitou site.
The time span of the Xia dynasty was taken from reign-lengths given in the Bamboo Annals and from a conjunction of five planets during the reign of Yu the Great recorded in later texts.
As this period was longer than the time spanned by the Erlitou culture, the project also included the later phases of the Wangwan III variant of the Longshan culture within the Xia period.
Chronological table
The Xia–Shang–Zhou Chronology Project concluded precise dates for accessions of rulers from Wu Ding, the Shang dynasty king whose reign produced the oldest known oracle bone records. These dates are here compared with the traditional dates and those used in the Cambridge History of Ancient China:
Earlier dates are given more approximately:
The relocation of the Shang capital to Yin during the reign of Pan Geng is aligned with the earliest layers at Yinxu, dated at c. 1300 BC.
The establishment of the Shang dynasty was identified with the foundation of an Erligang culture walled city at Yanshi, dated at c. 1600 BC, compared with the Cambridge Historys c. 1570 BC and the traditional date of 1766 BC.
The establishment of the Xia dynasty was dated at c. 2070 BC, compared with the traditional date of 2205 BC.
Reception
Coverage of the project in non-Chinese press focused on the conflict between nationalism and scholarship. However, not every member of the chronology project agrees on all of the dates. Indeed, the project has been unafraid to contest dates proposed even by the director. This suggests that the dates are being considered on their own merits rather than by deferring to authority, and that politics does not influence the detailed work of the project.
In addition to methodological concerns, scholars have complained that the project is part of a tradition of relegating archaeology to a role of verifying traditional histories. They argue that this forces archeological evidence into a framework of a single sequence of similar dominant states, as depicted in the histories and reflected in the title "Three Dynasties". However, when evaluated on its own merits, the evidence reveals a much more complex origin of Chinese civilization, with many other advanced states that are not mentioned in the histories.
A session of the Annual Conference of the Association for Asian Studies in 2002 was devoted to the preliminary report, where its methods were criticised by David Nivison, among others. An international conference on chronology arranged for October 2003 was postponed due to the SARS outbreak, but never rescheduled. The Project's dates have however become the orthodox chronology in Chinese textbooks and reference works.
Notes
ReferencesFootnotesWorks cited'
Bronze Age in China
2000 documents
Historiography of China
Chronology
Archaeology timelines
Archaeological theory
Periods and stages in archaeology
Projects in Asia
Projects established in 1996
Organizations disestablished in 2000
University projects
Research projects | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xia%E2%80%93Shang%E2%80%93Zhou%20Chronology%20Project |
Benjamin Frederick Mankiewicz (born March 25, 1967) is an American television personality, political commentator, and film critic. He is a host on Turner Classic Movies and has been a commentator on The Young Turks and What the Flick?!
Early life
Mankiewicz was born in Washington, D.C., to press secretary Frank Mankiewicz and Holly Mankiewicz (née Jolley) of German–Jewish descent. He is the cousin of screenwriter Tom Mankiewicz and filmmaker/television producer Nick Davis, the grandson of screenwriter Herman J. Mankiewicz, the grand-nephew of screenwriter, producer, and director Joseph L. Mankiewicz, and the brother of NBC News reporter Josh Mankiewicz.
He attended Georgetown Day School for his primary and secondary education and received his undergraduate degree from Tufts University. In 1992, he received a Master of Science degree from Columbia University's Graduate School of Journalism with an emphasis in broadcast journalism.
Career
Mankiewicz began his career as a reporter and an anchor for WCSC-TV (a CBS affiliate) in Charleston, South Carolina. He joined WAMI in Miami, Florida, in 1998, where he served as anchor of The Times, a daily news magazine show and the station's highlight program.
Since 2003, Mankiewicz has been a host of Turner Classic Movies. When he made his debut on TCM, he became the second host hired in the network's history (Robert Osborne being the first). As a film critic, Mankiewicz co-hosted the nationally syndicated television series At the Movies from 2008 to 2009 and co-hosted the online film review show What the Flick?! on The Young Turks Network. He launched TCM original podcast (April 2020), "The Plot Thickens" in which he interviews renowned director Peter Bogdanovich (The Last Picture Show, Paper Moon, etc.) who chronicles his life in and out of film. The podcast is scheduled to have others connected to film interviewed in subsequent podcasts.
Mankiewicz has made cameo appearances in the Lifetime television movie The Bling Ring (2011) and the action film White House Down (2013). Mankiewicz also appears regularly on other shows as a political and media commentator, including The Michael Brooks Show in 2017, and hosts a segment on the CBS Sunday morning show called Screen Time. He was among the people interviewed for the documentary film Memory: The Origins of Alien (2019).
Filmography
Film
Television
References
External links
1967 births
20th-century American journalists
20th-century American male writers
21st-century American journalists
21st-century American male writers
American film critics
American male journalists
American male non-fiction writers
American people of German-Jewish descent
American podcasters
American radio personalities
American television hosts
California Democrats
Columbia University Graduate School of Journalism alumni
Georgetown Day School alumni
Journalists from Washington, D.C.
Living people
Mankiewicz family
The Young Turks people
Tufts University alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben%20Mankiewicz |
Kathryn Harrison (born March 20, 1961, in Los Angeles, California) is an American author. She has published seven novels, two memoirs, two collections of personal essays, a travelogue, two biographies, and a book of true crime. She reviews regularly for The New York Times Book Review. Her personal essays have been included in many anthologies and have appeared in Bookforum, Harper's Magazine, More Magazine, The New Yorker, O, The Oprah Magazine, and Vogue, Salon, and Nerve.
Background and education
Harrison's maternal grandparents raised her in Los Angeles, California, after her teenage parents separated when she was a baby. She graduated from Stanford University in 1982 with a Bachelor of Arts degree in English and Art History; she received a Master of Fine Arts degree from the University of Iowa in 1987 after attending that school's Writers' Workshop.
Harrison emailed interviewer Robert Birnbaum: “My grandmother, the one who raised me, grew up in Shanghai. Her father’s name was Solomon Benjamin Sassoon, but he was too proud to use the name Sassoon to open doors for him, so he reversed the names and went as Solomon Sassoon Benjamin. He was born in Baghdad—one of the many descendants of Sheik David Sassoon — went from there to Bombay/Mumbai, and on to Hong Kong and then Shanghai. He had a small brokerage and made and lost and made again a small fortune, which paid for my education, among other things, before it was entirely frittered away.”
Career
Harrison's debut novel, Thicker than Water (1992), was critically lauded by The New York Times Newsday and The Boston Globe. Publishers Weekly wrote: "Impressively in control of her material, she will be heralded as a promising new writer." Kirkus Reviews concluded: "A promising debut, distinguished in particular by the strength of its mesmerizing voice."
Exposure, published the following year, was similarly praised. Donna Tartt called the novel “Exquisite, exhilarating, and harrowing.”
Harrison's memoir The Kiss documented a love triangle that developed involving her young mother, her father, and herself. It described her father's seduction of her when she was twenty and their incestuous involvement, which persisted for four years and is reflected in the plots and themes of her first three novels, published before The Kiss. In The New York Times Book Review, Susan Cheever wrote, "The story of an intellectually powerful man and his consuming desire to ravish an innocent, almost preconscious, young woman (sometimes his daughter) has often been told—Zeus, Lewis Carroll and Humbert Humbert come to mind—but Kathryn Harrison turns up the volume, making this ancient immorality tale a struggle between good and evil, between life and death, between God and the Devil." In The New York Times critic Christopher Lehmann-Haupt called the memoir "appalling but beautifully written."
In The New Republic, by contrast, James Wolcott strongly criticized the work. He called it "the oddest piece of kitsch" with "airbrushed" sentences that "leave wistful little vapor trails of Valium." He pointed out that at the time of the affair, Harrison was not an innocent child victim but rather a consenting adult. He asked, "Did she call him 'Dad' in bed?" Wolcott dismissed much of the book's prose as "bad Sylvia Plath." Writing in The Washington Post, Jonathan Yardley called The Kiss "slimy, repellent, meretricious, cynical." Stephanie Zacherek of Salon called it "colorless," "arid," "boring" and "numbing." In The New York Times, Maureen Dowd wrote that the book constituted an example of "creepy people talking about creepy people." In Slate, Alex Beam called the book "a memoir of French-licking her father." After Michael Shnayerson published a critical account of the book in Vanity Fair, The New Yorker canceled an excerpt that it had scheduled.
In The Art of Memoir, Mary Karr dedicated a chapter, "The Public and Private Burning of Kathryn Harrison" to discussing The Kiss controversy. She suggests that the outrage was motivated by Harrison's gender.
While much of her body of work—the essays collected in Seeking Rapture: Scenes From a Life and in True Crimes: A Family Album; a second memoir, The Mother Knot; and The Kiss—documents her tortured relationship with her mother, who died in 1985, Harrison also has written extensively of her maternal grandparents, both in her personal essays and, in fictionalized form, in her novels. Her grandmother, of the Sephardi Sassoon family, was raised in Shanghai, where she lived until 1920, her experiences there inspiring Harrison's historical novel, The Binding Chair. The Seal Wife, set in Alaska during World War I, draws on the early life of her British grandfather, who spent his youth trapping animals to obtain their fur in the Northwest Territories and laying track into Anchorage for the Alaska Railroad.
Of her most recent book, True Crimes: A Family Album, The New York Times Book Review said, "These intimate essays, which probe the deepest parts of Harrison's psyche, wield a curious power."
Personal life
She lives in New York with her husband, the novelist and book editor Colin Harrison, whom she met in 1985, when they were enrolled in the Iowa Writers' Workshop. They have three children.
Teaching
Harrison teaches memoir writing at the City University of New York's Hunter College as part of the Master of Fine Arts Program in Creative Writing.
Bibliography
Fiction:
Thicker Than Water (Random House, 1992)
Exposure (Random House, 1993)
A Thousand Orange Trees (Harper Collins, 1995)
Poison (Random House, 1995)
The Binding Chair (Random House, 2000)
The Seal Wife (Random House, 2002)
Envy (Random House, 2005)
Enchantments (Random House, 2012)
Nonfiction:
The Kiss: A Memoir (Random House, 1997)
Seeking Rapture: Scenes From a Life (Random House, 2003)
The Road to Santiago (National Geographic, 2003)
Saint Therese of Lisieux: Penguin Lives Series (Penguin Books, 2003)
The Mother Knot: A Memoir (Random House, 2004)
While They Slept: An Inquiry into the Murder of a Family (Random House, 2008)
Joan of Arc: A Life Transfigured (Doubleday, 2014)
True Crimes: A Family Album (Random House 2016)
On Sunset (Random House 2018)
References
External links
Kathryn Harrison's website
Interview from Bookforum magazine, by Kera Bolonik
1961 births
20th-century American novelists
21st-century American novelists
American memoirists
American women novelists
Iowa Writers' Workshop alumni
Living people
Stanford University alumni
University of Iowa alumni
Writers from Los Angeles
Incest
American women memoirists
20th-century American women writers
21st-century American women writers
20th-century American non-fiction writers
21st-century American non-fiction writers
Sassoon family | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathryn%20Harrison |
Daniel Griffin may refer to:
Daniel T. Griffin (1911–1941), Aviation Machinist's Mate First Class in U.S. Navy
Daniel J. Griffin (1880–1926), U.S. Representative from New York
Danny Griffin (footballer) (born 1977), Northern Irish footballer
Danny Griffin (soccer) (born 1998), American soccer player
Daniel O. Griffin, Immunologist | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel%20Griffin |
Ba West Fijian Provincial Communal is a former electoral division of Fiji, one of 23 communal constituencies reserved for indigenous Fijians. Established by the 1997 Constitution, it came into being in 1999 and was used for the parliamentary elections of 1999, 2001, and 2006. (Of the remaining 48 seats, 23 were reserved for other ethnic communities and 25, called Open Constituencies, were elected by universal suffrage). The electorate covered the western areas of Ba Province.
The 2013 Constitution promulgated by the Military-backed interim government abolished all constituencies and established a form of proportional representation, with the entire country voting as a single electorate.
Election results
In the following tables, the primary vote refers to first-preference votes cast. The final vote refers to the final tally after votes for low-polling candidates have been progressively redistributed to other candidates according to pre-arranged electoral agreements (see electoral fusion), which may be customized by the voters (see instant run-off voting).
1999
2001
2006
Sources
Psephos - Adam Carr's electoral archive
Fiji Facts | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%20West%20%28Fijian%20Communal%20Constituency%2C%20Fiji%29 |
Time Matters is practice management software, produced by PCLaw | Time Matters LLC. It differs from contact management software such as ACT! or GoldMine because in addition to contacts, it manages calendaring, email, documents, research, billing, accounting, and matters or projects. It integrates with a variety of other software products from both LexisNexis and other vendors. Some of these vendors are Quicken, Microsoft, Palm, Mozilla, Corel, and Adobe. Developed originally for law firms, Time Matters competes with Gavel, Amicus, Tabs, and other legal practice management products. It also may be used in conjunction with Document modelling and Document assembly software products like HotDocs and Deal Builder.
Time Matters was developed by DATA.TXT Corporation originally of Coral Gables, Florida, later of Cary, North Carolina. Since its inception, DATA.TXT Corporation focused on making Time Matters an all-encompassing professional office software package, providing Calendar, Tickler, Contact, Matter, Document, and Messaging Management functions for personal computers and networks of all sizes. Founded in December 1989 by Robert Butler who was later joined as co-founder by Kevin Stilwell in 1992, the entire management and programming staff that began Time Matters' development in 1989 remained on the team until 2004, providing continuity and reliability rarely seen in software developed for specialized markets. Time Matters was purchased by Reed Elsevier in March, 2004. LexisNexis developed Time Matters out of offices in Cary, later moving operations to Raleigh, North Carolina on the North Carolina State University campus.
Time Matters for Windows has been shipping since 1994 (The DOS version of Time Matters started shipping in 1989).
Time Matters was previously available in three editions: Professional, Enterprise, and World. The Enterprise edition used Microsoft SQL Server as its database engine. Time Matters Browser Edition (formerly World Edition) served up Time Matters in web browsers for remote access to a law firm's data. An international network of Certified Independent Consultants ("CICs") support, train, and customize this product for end-users.
Time Matters Professional, discontinued with the release of Time Matters 10.0 in 2009, was based on the TPS file system developed by Softvelocity. Currently, Time Matters relies on SQL Server for its database.
With the release of Version 10 in October 2009, Time Matters became available only in the Enterprise Edition (but was sold as Time Matters). In May 2010, LexisNexis introduced an Annual Maintenance Plan (AMP) subscription program. AMP subscribers are eligible to download product upgrades and to receive technical support.
In 2018, Time Matters introduced Time Matters Go, a mobile application for iOS and Android devices. AMP subscribers also receive free access to online training and are eligible to subscribe to the Time Matters Go mobile app service for Android and iOS. No per-incidence technical support options are available.
Time Matters 16.4 released on January 30, 2019. This release provided improved integration with Microsoft Exchange Server, and improved add-ins for supported versions of Adobe Acrobat and Microsoft Office applications.
In May 2019, LexisNexis entered a joint venture with LEAP Legal Software, providing a migration option from the server-based Time Matters to the cloud-based product offered by LEAP. At the time, LexisNexis reported that they had 15,000 paying customers and 130,000 users across their PCLaw and Time Matters products. A new software company, PCLaw | Time Matters was born out of the joint venture, which continues to develop Time Matters.
See also
LexisNexis
References
External links
Time Matters website
Business software
Legal software
Timekeeping | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Time%20Matters |
Portal frame is a construction technique where vertical supports are connected to horizontal beams or trusses via fixed joints with designed-in moment-resisting capacity. The result is wide spans and open floors.
Portal frame structures can be constructed using a variety of materials and methods. These include steel, reinforced concrete and laminated timber such as glulam. First developed in the 1960s, they have become the most common form of enclosure for spans of 20 to 60 meters.
Because of these very strong and rigid joints, some of the bending moment in the rafters is transferred to the columns. This means that the size of the rafters can be reduced or the span can be increased for the same size rafters. This makes portal frames a very efficient construction technique to use for wide span buildings.
Portal frame construction is therefore typically seen in warehouses, barns and other places where large, open spaces are required at low cost and a pitched roof is acceptable.
Generally portal frames are used for single-story buildings but they can be used for low-rise buildings with several floors where they can be economic if the floors do not span right across the building (in these circumstances a skeleton frame, with internal columns, would be a more economic choice). A typical configuration might be where there is office space built against one wall of a warehouse.
Portal frames can be clad with various materials. For reasons of economy and speed, the most popular solution is some form of lightweight insulated metal cladding with cavity masonry work to the bottom 2m of the wall to provide security and impact resistance. The lightweight cladding would be carried on sheeting rails spanning between the columns of the portal frames.
Portal frames can be defined as two-dimensional rigid frames that have the basic characteristics of a rigid joint between column and beam.
The main objective of this form of design is to reduce bending moment in the beam, which allows the frame to act as one structural unit.
The transfer of stresses from the beam to the column results in rotational movement at the foundation, which can be overcome by the introduction of a pin/hinge joint.
For warehouses and industrial buildings, sloping roof made of purlins and ac sheet roofing between portals is provided. For assembly halls, portals with R.C slab roof cast monolithically is used.
Portal frames are designed for the following loads:
roof load
wind load
Previously, it has been shown that the limit state design/load and resistance factor design (LRFD) and permissible stress design/allowable strength design (ASD) can produce significantly different designs of steel gable frames.
There are few situations where ASD produces significantly lighter weight steel gable frame designs. Additionally, it has been shown that in high snow regions, the difference between the methods is more dramatic.
While designing, care should be taken for proper
joints
foundation
bracing
If the joints are not rigid, they will "open up" and the frame will be unstable when subjected to loads. This is the pack of cards effect.
Vertical loading results in the walls being pushed outwards. If the foundation cannot resist horizontal push, outward movement will occur and the frame will lose strength.
Wind subjects the frame to uplift forces. Overturning forces on the sides and ends of the building. Drag forces on the roof and sides.
These destabilizing forces are resisted essentially by the weight of the building and in this regard, the foundations contribute significantly to this weight. The foundations are regarded as the building's anchors.
References
Structural system | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portal%20frame |
I Married a Strange Person! is a 1997 American independent adult animated comedy film by Bill Plympton.
Plot
As the film begins, a brown bird in flight becomes infatuated with a blue bird, and they begin to mate in midair. After passing through a cloud they fall into a nosedive, eventually striking a satellite dish on top of a house belonging to Mr. Grant Boyer- Grant is then struck by a beam of mysterious energy. Soon afterward- and now married to a woman named Keri- a strange power begins to manifest itself in Grant which seems to wildly affect the state of reality, people and objects based on his whims, daydreams, and imagination. This frightens his wife Keri while they try to make love, and they both soon travel to her parents' house to have dinner while discussing this problem with her mother. Her parents express that they did approve of her Keri's marriage to Grant, and at dinner Grant's powers are inflicted upon Keri's mother and father through insects and musical instrumentation while Grant initiates a dance with his confused wife.
We are then introduced to a broadcasting company called Smilecorp, which is in desperate need of higher ratings. Lead by a power-hungry man named Larson P. Giles, he proceeds to demonstrate his militant cruelty upon his television show pitchmen through the use of his sadistic underling: Col. Ferguson. Back at Grant's home he witnesses his next-door neighbor Bud Sweeny cutting his lawn, and proceeds to assist the grass by anthropomorphizing it- the grass then attempts to eliminate Bud with his own mower, though he is saved by Grant who transforms the mower into a large, friendly caterpillar. While Grant stands perplexed by what he both did and witnessed, Bud runs into his house to call the popular Jackie Jason Variety Show and inform them of Grant's amazing powers. Meanwhile, Keri Boyer lies crying and wondering about her husband, though when Grant tries to comfort her about the lasting nature of their love Keri becomes overweight with wrinkles temporarily and to her great terror. After making up, they proceed to make love- though Keri grows increasingly frustrated with Grant's inability to control his wild powers, affecting her for the duration of the scene.
Grant later readies for an appearance on the Jackie Jason Show, sharing a dressing room with a once legendary yet now washed-up comic named Solly Jim; Grant confides to Solly that his wife Keri may leave him due to his bizarre condition and the commotion it has caused. Solly goes on first but does quite badly with his act; it is then shown that a boil-like bump on the back of Grant's neck is the source of his chaotic abilities. After saving Solly's act the comedian gives Grant his business card and address, offering his future services in gratitude for his aid, though as Grant walks onto the set an attendant covers his boil with a bandage which prevents his powers from being used. After struggling for a time, the bandage falls off causing an immense amount of power to manifest from Grant which partially destroys the studio. This event both boosts the Jackie Jason Show's ratings greatly as well as catching the attention of Smilecorp and its leader Larson P. Giles. Larson commands his Col. Ferguson to bring Grant Boyer back to him alive, much to the Colonel's detriment.
Back at home Grant's wife Keri has shut herself away from him to think her life through; it is at this moment that Col. Fergsuon arrives with Smilecorp tanks and infantry to capture him. Meanwhile, Larson has deduced through observation and x-rays of Grant that a strange beam of light- reflected by the bent satellite dish on top of his house and various other objects on his property- had created the boil on the back of his neck when the two birds struck it at the start of the film. Larson seeks to harness and control this power, though Grant manages to elude the Smilecorp captors with both his powers and with the help of the friendly caterpillar from earlier. Colonel Ferguson meanwhile deals with his failure and the new reptilian transformation that Grant enacted upon him to aid in his escape.
While Keri goes home to her parents' house with Col. Ferguson in pursuit, Grant seeks refuge at comedian Solly Jim's home to ask for help. However, Solly Jim betrays him and informs the Colonel of his location, though at her parents' house Keri hears of her husband's plight and tricks the Colonel into revealing to her Grant's location. His soldiers pursue her, but she manages to escape in pursuit of helping Grant. Back at Smilecorp, Solly demands that Larson P. Giles reward him for capturing Grant, but he ends up in a stand off between Larson, Ferguson, and Smiles (a Smilecorp TV mascot). Solly tricks them all and gains the upper hand, removing Grant's boil with the intention of implanting the brain fragment (a powerful extension of Grant's lobe) into his own neck to become the greatest comic alive. The boil seems to reject him, though, and splits him in half causing his death. Ferguson then takes the lobe for himself, implanting it into his neck to restore his human form and grant his body untold military power. The lobe soon rejects and kills him as well, though Keri Boyer tricks Larson disguised as a nurse and flees with both the boil and her husband.
Crashing out of a window with Grant in a wheelchair and under machinegun fire, Keri fashions a parachute in order to land safely below while confessing her true feelings to him. When the parachute is damaged, the friendly caterpillar (now a butterfly) saves them from falling while dropping them safely into a red convertible. After Grant and Keri defeat several more Smilecorp forces, Larson unleashes a massive and powerful new tank to finish them off. Once again, though, the butterfly comes to Grant's aid and drops a crazed soldier on top of the tank's turret- this causes the tank to destroy the Smilecorp building (which in turn topples onto the tank, destroying it) which allows Grant and Keri to escape.
Just when all seems well, Larson and Smiley end up landing (from the explosion at Smilecorp) in Grant's car demanding the lobe once again at gunpoint. The car proceeds to crash, but Larson and Smiley succeed in retrieving the lobe from Keri, installing into his neck. Larson's face then appears on every TV screen across the entire world, having gotten complete control of global communications. A complication arises though as Larson's head swells into a balloon, lifting both he and mascot Smiley high into the air- just as the two love birds from earlier fly by and pierce Larson's swollen head, causing him to explode violently. After that, a dog walks by and consumes the boil from the ground; this grants it the ability to create massive bones from the sky for its own enjoyment. Keri and Grant- now a rekindled Mr. and Mrs. Boyer- go home to make love once again; however Keri, in the end, begins to exhibit signs that she may have gained some powers from Grant after spending so much time with him.
Cast
Charis Michelsen as Keri Boyer (voice) (as Charis Michaelson)
Tom Larson as Grant Boyer (voice)
Richard Spore as Larson P. Giles (voice)
Chris Cooke as Col. Ferguson (voice)
Ruth Ray as Keri's Mom (voice)
J.B. Adams as Keri's Dad (voice)
John Russo Jr. as Bud Sweeny (voice)
Jennifer Senko as Smiley
John Holderried as Jackie Jason
Etta Valeska as Sex Video Model (voice)
Bill Martone as Announcer
See also
List of animated feature films
Independent animation
Arthouse animation
References
External links
Plymptoons
1997 animated films
1997 films
1990s American animated films
American adult animated films
American animated feature films
American splatter films
Annecy Cristal for a Feature Film winners
Films about shapeshifting
Films directed by Bill Plympton
Lionsgate animated films
Lionsgate films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%20Married%20a%20Strange%20Person%21 |
Ludwig Barnay (1842 – February 1924) was a German stage actor.
Biography
He was born Ludwig (Lajos) Braun at Pest. His father was the secretary general for the local Jewish Community, Ignac Barnay (until 1844: Braun). He made his debut in 1860 at Trutenau and appeared in Pest the following year, after which he had engagements of varying length in Graz, Mainz, Vienna, Prague, Riga, Mainz again, Leipzig, and Weimar.
From 1870 to 1875 he was at the Stadt Theater of Frankfort-on-the-Main, and for the next five years at that of Hamburg, where he acted as director. Several years after that, he traveled as a "star," visiting London in 1881 with the Meiningen Court Company, and in 1882 making a successful tour of the United States. From 1887 to 1894 he managed his Berliner Theater in Berlin, following which he made his home in Wiesbaden.
Barnay's greatest talents were shown in tragedy. He excelled in roles such as Essex, Uriel Acosta, Othello, Antony, Tell, and Egmont. He was the leader in the movement which assembled the stage congress at Weimar in 1871, thus being founder of the "Stage Association" () which proved of such value to the German theatrical profession.
In 1864 he married Marie Kreuzer, daughter of Heinrich Kreuzer, tenor at the Vienna Court Opera, and, after getting divorced in 1882, the actress Minnie Arndt.
Ludwig Barnay died in Berlin in February 1924. His memoirs contained an account of his performances, in which he calculated that he had been married on stage 1,721 times and had died 1,120 times.
References
External links
1842 births
1924 deaths
German male stage actors
Hungarian Jews
Hungarian male stage actors
Hungarian expatriates in the Czech lands
Hungarian expatriates in Austria
Hungarian expatriates in Germany
Jewish German male actors
People from Pest, Hungary
Male actors from Budapest
19th-century German male actors | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ludwig%20Barnay |
Joanne Heywood is an English television actress, probably best known for her role as Jessica Lovelock in Grace & Favour, a spin-off series of Are You Being Served?.
Career
Born in York, Heywood was educated in York, Guildford and in Sydney, Australia. She studied Musical Theatre at the Guildford School of Acting and, after graduating, made her professional stage debut in 1985 production of the pantomime Jack and the Beanstalk at York's Theatre Royal. For the next decade, she regularly appeared in pantomime at the same venue, often in the coveted role of Principal Boy. During this period, she also performed in stage musicals, including regional productions of Annie, Gypsy and Camelot, as well as the world premieres of Scrooge: The Musical and the stage adaptation of High Society.
Heywood's television debut was in the role of Dilys on the short-lived BBC series First of the Summer Wine. In 1991, she made appearances on the television shows The New Statesman (natural selection,se3) and The Brittas Empire. In addition to her role as Jessica Lovelock, Heywood played Sally Bennett in the Gerry Poulson film Stanley's Dragon. She has also guest-starred in Knightmare, Next of Kin, two episodes of Coronation Street and A Prince Among Men.
In recent years, her television appearances have become less regular. She has appeared in Heartbeat, Emmerdale Farm and My Hero. Since then, Heywood has continued to perform frequently in regional and West End theatre productions, including plays, musicals and pantomimes.
Television roles
Stage roles
References
External links
English television actresses
Living people
Actresses from York
English stage actresses
Alumni of the Guildford School of Acting
20th-century English actresses
21st-century English actresses
Year of birth missing (living people) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joanne%20Heywood |
Baka Beyond is a world music group formed in 1992 with members from a wide variety of backgrounds and cultures, fusing Celtic and other western music styles with traditional Baka music from Cameroon.
Biography
Baka Beyond began in 1992, when vocalist Su Hart and her partner – guitar, mandolin and bouzouki player Martin Cradick (formerly of the group Outback) travelled to south-east Cameroon to live with the Baka tribe (hunter-gatherer Pygmies) in the rainforest and record their music. The band was inspired by the Baka, "one of the oldest and most sensitive musical cultures on earth". Su Hart said "It was the amazing bird-like singing or yelli that first attracted me, ... The women get together before the dawn to sing, enchant the animals of the forest and ensure that the men's hunting will be successful. Song and dance are used by the Baka for healing, for rituals, for keeping the community together and also for pure fun."
In the early days of the band, Baka Beyond consisted of English musicians trying to re-create the sound recorded with the Baka people and integrate it into their music. Joined by Breton fiddler Paddy Le Mercier, Cradick and Hart recorded two albums with musicians from the Baka tribe: Spirit of the Forest, released in 1994; and The Meeting Pool, released in October 1995. The group continued to evolve into a touring ensemble with the addition of Senegalese percussionist Sagar N'Gom, an ex-member of Outback; keyboardist Tom Green, formerly of the Orb; drummer Sam Pope; bassist Marcus Pinto; and vocalist Kate (Budd) Hardy. Baka Beyond's 1998 album, Journey Beyond, was a more heavily produced project featuring guests including percussionists from the Ghanaian band Kakasitsi. The international nature of the band eventually grew to include musicians from Senegal, Brittany, Sierra Leone, Congo and Ghana as well as Cameroon and Britain.
The relationship with the Baka themselves has grown with regular return visits keeping the band's inspiration strong. Over twenty years Martin Cradick and other members of the band travelled back to the rainforest to record music with the Baka people. They have recorded many albums containing a mix of music and sounds directly recorded from the rainforest, and music recorded by the band, which always shows a strong influence from Baka music. The band touring all the world (the Czech Republic, Spain, France, Portugal, Greece and Britain), Baka Beyond have played at WOMAD and Glastonbury, as well as headlining the Vancouver Folk-Roots Festival. Their tracks are often heard on TV soundtracks, particularly in nature programmes, and have been nominated for the BBC Radio 3 World Music listeners' awards.
Baka Beyond often perform with Rinky Dink, a mobile musical sound system that operates on power provided by two bicycles and solar panels.
Activism
Much of the profit from Baka Beyond's albums has been spent improving things in the rainforest, and a new music house – a large 'music house' with recording equipment – was built at the request of the tribe. The title of the group's album, The Rhythm Tree, refers to this project. "It was all out of this one tree," Cradick told BBC World Service's Outlook programme. "They all use these trees – they beat on the buttress roots as the bass drum. So we called the album the Rhythm Tree." Through the charity Global Music Exchange Baka Beyond continue to work with the Baka with healthcare, education and in obtaining national ID cards that give the Baka basic rights as citizens, normally denied them due to their extreme poverty and "unconventional" lifestyle. The Music House has now become a centre for the Baka pygmies – and for people wishing to meet with them, this ongoing relationship with the Baka community has helped the tribe win land rights and recognition as Cameroonian citizens.
Artistry and sound
"If there has to be a definition of world music, this is it" said BBC's Andy Kershaw.
Baka Beyond's sound is a fusion of music influenced by the Baka people, African rhythms and traditional Celtic tunes. A combination of soul-stirring West African traditional rhythms, singing and dance of the Baka, with Celtic folk harmonies and singing, "with powerful percussion section, rhythmic guitar and fiery fiddle…" Each musician has contributed their own style to the band. Baka Beyond is a collaborative music process, learned from the Baka people – 'everyone to be listened to'. Generally, their songs contain strong rhythms, traditional Baka singing style and exotic instruments including marimba, djembe, ning nong, soga, kongoma, kpanlogo, tama, kalabash and kora (African Harp). According to the Guardian "They are an infuriatingly jovial multi-racial band" ..."and would be utterly intolerable if it weren't for the fact that they are remarkably good musicians and impressively idealistic." Other reviewers have found "It was impossible to resist the relentlessly upbeat nature of the music" "The party atmosphere is irrepressible," says the Evening Standard. "If you are not dancing, maybe you should have someone check your pulse."
Other projects
Seckou Keita, Martin Cradick and Nii Tagoe recorded a CD in 2001 called Éte.
One Heart Global Music Exchange is a charity supporting many tribes in Africa through music and musical projects, run by the band and its supporters.
In 2006, the album Gati Bongo was released. Martin Cradick recorded the Baka musicians live in the rainforest with a mobile and a solar-powered multi-track recorder and the band became known as Orchestre Baka Gbiné. In February 2012, a new recording, Kopolo was made to be released later in 2012.
In April 2006, Baka Beyond began a UK tour. For this tour, they invited seven Baka musicians, Orchestre Baka Gbine, who had never before left the rainforest, to tour with them. This event was covered by many national newspapers and TV stations.
Folk Music and Dance Festival Ethiopia is a music festival held in Arba Minch, Ethiopia, run by Su Hart and Martin Cradick.
In January 2010, Martin Cradick and Su Hart of Baka Beyond, together with Andi Main of Global Music Exchange organised a festival of traditional music and dance in Cameroon, the Under the Volcano Festival.
In February and March 2014, Martin and Clyde Kramer (Baka Beyond's drummer) with Andi Main and Jonny organised The Forest Voices Tour. Fifteen Baka musicians toured other Baka communities and encouraged discussions about problems that all the Baka face.
Discography
Spirit of the Forest (1993)
Heart of the Forest (1993)
The Meeting Pool (1995)
Outback (1996)
Journey Between (1998)
Sogo (2000)
East to West (2002)
Rhythm Tree (2005)
Baka Live (2007)
Beyond the Forest (2009)
After the Tempest (2014)
See also
Baka (tribe)
References
External links
Official Site
One Heart Global Music Exchange
Folk Music and Dance Festival Ethiopia, Arba Minch
Facebook Page
Latest project with the Baka
Listen to Baka Beyond music
Under the Volcano Festival
Myspace page
Youtube page
Cameroonian musical groups
English musical groups
Celtic music groups
English buskers
Jam bands
British world music groups
Musical groups established in 1992 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baka%20Beyond |
Beckum (; Westphalian: Biäkem) is a town in the northern part of North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is about 20 km (12 miles) north-east of Hamm and 35 km (22 miles) south-east of Münster. It gives its name to the nearby Beckum Hills.
History
Several Neolithic stone cists are the earliest traces of humans in the area around the three brooks, Kollenbach, Lippbach and Siechenbach. Because of these three brooks, the town was eventually named Bekehem or later Beckum, meaning "home upon the brooks".
In 1224, Beckum was granted its town charter, and it quickly grew in wealth as merchants and craftsmen set up businesses in the town. The town quickly expanded to an area of over 22 km2 (8.5 sq miles). However wars, riots and the Black Death in the following centuries left their mark on the town.
After the Thirty Years' War, legislation removed several rights from cities and towns, and as a result many cities and towns in Münsterland became heavily economically and religiously dependent upon the Bishop of Münster. During this period of economic and spiritual poverty, the townspeople committed several notable acts of folly, commemorated by several works of art: for example townspeople hanging on each other as they fetch a pail of water out of a well.
The town's long period of economic stagnation slowly came to an end in the 19th century. From 1803 to 1806 Beckum was under Prussian rule and from 1806 to 1816 under French rule. In 1816 Beckum became the district town of Beckum district.
In the second half of the 19th century, chalk and cement industries developed quickly, and in 1827 the first cement plant opened in Beckum. Eventually the town became one of the most important and largest cement production areas in the world.
After the end of the First World War, inflation brought Beckum's economic growth to a halt. In 1933, the Nazi regime ended democracy in the Beckum town parliament - as everywhere in Germany. During the Second World War, Beckum was fortunate and Allied Bombings destroyed only small areas of the town.
In the difficult post-war era, the townspeople developed Beckum into a modern industrial town. In 1974, the North Rhine-Westphalian state government reorganized the boundaries of several districts and towns. As of 1 January 1975, the Beckum and Warendorf districts merged into one, and Warendorf remained district town of the whole area.
Geography
Beckum is situated in the southeast corner of the agriculturally orientated Münsterland. Due to Münsterland's varied landscape of fields, pastures, hedgerows and small forests, it is often compared to a park.
A range of low hills, the Beckum Hills, almost completely surrounds Beckum in the south and east. The three brooks Kollenbach, Lippbach and Siechenbach rise in these hills and flow through the town. They are so symbolic of the area that they appear on the town's coat of arms as three silver wavy lines on a red background. The brooks converge near the town centre and form the River Werse, which flows past Ahlen and Münster to the River Ems.
Although Beckum is located in Münsterland, the nearest large city is not Münster but Hamm, which is 20 km (12 miles) away. Ahlen, Beckum's neighbour 11 km (7 miles) to the west, is the largest town in Warendorf District.
Autobahn 2, which runs from Berlin to the Ruhr area, passes to the north of Beckum. The two federal highways, B61 from Bielefeld to Hamm and B475 from Warendorf to Soest, intersect near the town centre. To the north of the town, B58 connects Ahlen to the B475.
Component municipalities
Beckum consists of four municipalities: Beckumˌ Neubeckumˌ Vellern and Roland.
Economy
The industry in Beckum is influenced by machine engineering, the cement industry and its suppliers. However, commerce and service industries have also become a strong area of Beckum's economy.
Möllers, Blumenbecker, and Beumer count as some of the largest machine engineering companies. CEMEX and Phoenix both have cement plants located in Beckum. Polysius and Christian Pfeiffer are two suppliers of cement manufacturing systems.
Notable people
Pauline Horson (1858–1918), soprano
Uri Avnery (1923–2018), later an Israeli Knesset member
Wendelin Wiedeking (born 1952), former chairman of Porsche
Twin towns – sister cities
Beckum is twinned with:
La Celle-Saint-Cloud, France
Grodków, Poland
Heringsdorf, Germany
References
Towns in North Rhine-Westphalia
Members of the Hanseatic League | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beckum%2C%20Germany |
Graeme William Walter Barker, (born 23 October 1946) is a British archaeologist, notable for his work on the Italian Bronze Age, the Roman occupation of Libya, and landscape archaeology.
Early life and education
Barker was born on 23 October 1946. He was educated at Alleyn's School, then a direct grant grammar school in Dulwich. He studied for the classical tripos at St John's College, Cambridge, graduating with a Bachelor of Arts (BA) degree; as per tradition, his BA was promoted to a Master of Arts (MA Cantab) degree. He remained at Cambridge to take his Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) degree, which he completed in 1973 with a doctoral thesis titled "Prehistoric economies and cultures in Central Italy.".
Academic career
In 1972, Barker joined the University of Sheffield as a lecturer in prehistory and archaeology. He was promoted to senior lecturer in 1981, and was additionally Director of the British School at Rome from 1984.
In 1988, Barker was appointed Professor of Archaeology in the Department of Archaeology at the University of Leicester, which became the School of Archaeological Studies in 1990 and the School of Archaeology and Ancient History in 2001. Barker was elected to the Disney Professorship of Archaeology at the University of Cambridge in 2004, and is a fellow of St John's College, Cambridge. He retired from the Disney chair at the end of September 2014.
In April 2015, he and his team announced the discovery of neanderthal skeletons in the Shanidar Cave located north of Erbil.
Barker is a member of the Antiquity Trust, which supports the publication of the archaeology journal Antiquity.
Honours
In 2005, Barker was, with Israel Finkelstein, joint winner of the Dan David Prize. He was elected Fellow of the British Academy (FBA) in 1999.
He was appointed Commander of the Order of the British Empire (CBE) in the 2015 New Year Honours for services to archaeology.
References
External links
Graeme Barker's home page
2005 Dan David Prize laureate
University of Cambridge press release
1946 births
English archaeologists
Fellows of St John's College, Cambridge
Alumni of St John's College, Cambridge
Academics of the University of Leicester
Living people
Fellows of the British Academy
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
People educated at Alleyn's School
Disney Professors of Archaeology
Academics of the University of Sheffield | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Graeme%20Barker |
Drensteinfurt (in low German Stewwert) is a town in the district of Warendorf, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is situated approximately 15 km north of Hamm and 20 km south of Münster. The villages Rinkerode in the north and Walstedde in the south are part of Drensteinfurt.
Geography
Drensteinfurt is situated on the river Werse and adjoins (in clockwise direction, beginning in the north-east) to Sendenhorst, Ahlen, Hamm, Ascheberg as well as Münster.
The surroundings of the town are dominated by agricultural used areas like fields and meadows mostly for cattle breeding. Small woods and hedges intercept these and are home to several wild animals. Together with a well constructed system of cycle tracks and field paths this all makes up the typical "Münsterländer Parklandschaft", a description of the landscape around Münster which also fits for the surroundings of Drensteinfurt.
The district Rinkerode is surrounded by the two woodlands Davert and Hohe Ward. Davert is a relatively young woodland. Till the end of the 19th century it was marsh before it was drained and afforested. Today it consists mainly of oak- and beech-copses which are intercepted by smaller brownfields and meadows.
Hohe Ward is an older woodland and is based on sandy soil so that the main trees in this woodland are conifers. Nowadays parts of the woodland serve as a refuge for drinking water abstraction.
Division of the town
Drensteinfurt consists of three districts
Drensteinfurt
Rinkerode
Walstedde
History
The first documentary mention of the town is from the year 851.
At the beginning of the 19th century Drensteinfurt obtained some wealth through Strontianite mining. Today some old buildings which reflect this prosperous period still can be seen in the town.
On March 23, 1944 a bombing raid by the British Royal Air Force hit the town and some 80 residents died. Most of the historical buildings in the Old Town were destroyed.
Name
The town's name consists of two parts. The first part "Dren-" refers to the medieval Gau Dreingau which can be translated as 'fruitful soil'. The second part "-steinfurt" refers to a "stone ford" which crossed the river Werse in the middleages. The name of the town is also symbolized in the coat of arms.
Coat of Arms
The coat of arms is based on a seal of Drensteinfurts court from the end of the 18th century. It shows a silver deer carrying a twig in its mouth and pacing to the left. The deer is standing on some stones which symbolize the ford that crossed the river Werse in the middleages. The coat of arms is again being used in administrational manner since 1976.
Economy and Infrastructure
Transportation
The Münster–Hamm railway passes through the city in north - south direction serving three stations within the city limits. By this, Drensteinfurt is connected to the regional commuter system of North Rhine-Westphalia.
Drensteinfurt is also passed by three Bundesstrassen (federal highways) enabling fast access to the next Autobahn (A1 in Ascheberg). In 1988 a bypass in the north was finished. Since then the Old town was traffic calmed and trucks especially from Hamm which head for the Autobahn A1 are no longer forced to drive through the narrow streets of the town.
Industry
Being mainly a commuter city, the degree of industry in Drensteinfurt is only very low. Most of the workforce is employed in the adjacent cities of Münster (mainly administration or tertiary industry) and Hamm (mainly heavy industry). The biggest employer in Drensteinfurt is an enamel factory giving work to some 100 people. Besides this, there are only small-scale factories and businesses. Downtown consists of mainly small retail shops and supermarkets.
The surroundings of Drensteinfurt are mainly of agricultural usage. Farming consists of nearly equal parts of livestock farming (basically cattle and pig breeding) and crop growing (basically maize, wheat and canola).
Education
Elementary school
In each of the three districts of Drensteinfurt exists one elementary school (German: Grundschule).
Kardinal-von-Galen Grundschule (Drensteinfurt)
Katholische Grundschule Rinkerode (Catholic elementary school, Rinkerode)
Lambertus-Grundschule (Walstedde)
Secondary education
In Drensteinfurt pupils can attend the Hauptschule or the Realschule.
Due to the absence of a Gymnasium within the city limits a larger quantity of pupils commutes to Münster-Hiltrup, a suburb and district of Münster, and visits the two Gymnasiums there.
Sports
Swimming
Drensteinfurt has a public open air swimming pool (called "Erlbad") with a 50 m long bassin and 8 swimming lanes for swimming competitions. There is also a 3 m diving platform and a 78 square meter shallow children's pool.
Surrounding the pool, there is a sunbathing area 2 hectares in size.
Soccer
Directly next to the public swimming pool is the town's public sporting field "Erlfeld". This sporting complex consists of one 109 m x 73 m grass soccer field, a 109 m x 71 m red gravel soccer field and one 110 m x 70 m artificial turf soccer field. The gravel field and the artificial turf field are equipped with floodlight, enabling practice and competition even late at night.
Borussia Mönchengladbach star goalkeeper Steffen Scharbaum is originally from Drensteinfurt.
Track and Field
The sporting complex "Erlfeld" also offers a wide variety of facilities for track and field. There is a 400 m running track, a sand pit for long jump and a discus throwing circle.
Horse Racing
Surrounding the "Erlfeld" is a horse racing track, 850 meters in length. It is mainly used for the annual horse derby (see also events). Each August the local horse race association (Rennverein Drensteinfurt) has this race which is visited by some ten thousand people. In 1993 the association raised a monument for equestrian sports. The bronze statue displays a horse and is situated on the Mühlenstraße (millstreet).
Tennis
The local tennis club owns 8 outdoor and 2 indoor tennis courts.
Skittles
There are 13 indoor skittle lanes (a European variant of bowling) spread over the whole town, normally connected with a pub.
Indoor Sports
For indoor sports, Drensteinfurt has 5 gyms to offer. The largest of them (44 m x 22 m, stands for a 300 people audience) is the "Dreingau Halle", home of the local handball team HSG Drensteinfurt/Ascheberg. Also, every school is equipped with its own gym.
Culture and Landmarks
Despite the disastrous bombing damage of World War II, still a lot of old buildings could be preserved. The most remarkable buildings are "Haus Steinfurt" (a moated castle from the 18th century), the "Alte Post" (an old horse carriage post office constructed in 1647) and the "Alte Synagoge" (an old synagogue constructed in 1872). Also, several timber-framed houses can be seen in the old alleys and streets of downtown Drensteinfurt.
In the Middle Ages Drensteinfurt possessed three town gates, the Münstertor, the Hammertor and the Mühlentor. Nowadays small walls mark their former sites and commemorative plaques remember these constituents of the town fortification.
Events
Drensteinfurt is the host for many events known in the whole region.
There are, for example, three annual Schützenfeste (marksmen's festivals), attracting thousands of people.
Every year in August, a horse derby takes place at the "Erlfeld" (the town's sporting field).
In December, the traditional Weihnachtsmarkt (Christmas fair) is being held on the central market place downtown.
References | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drensteinfurt |
Svayambhu () is a Sanskrit word that means "self-born", "self-manifested", "self-existing", or "that is created by its own accord". Various deities and entities featured in Hindu literature and tradition are regarded to be svayambhu, such as Brahman in the Upanishads, and the Trimurti of Brahma, Vishnu, and Shiva, and Manu in the Puranas.
The term svayambhu is also used to describe the belief of a self-manifested image (murti) of a deity present in a temple, which is described to be not of human creation, but of natural or divine origin. Such images are described in some of the regional legends of religious sites called the sthala puranas. Some of the best examples of such images include the twelve Jyotirlinga images of Shiva, and Venkateswara image of Vishnu.
Etymology
Svayambhu is a portmanteau of the Sanskrit words svayam (स्वयम्) which means 'self' or 'on its own' and bhū (भू) which means 'to take birth' or 'arising'.
Literature
According to the Brahmanas, the Brahman, the Ultimate Reality, is described to be svayambhu and the cause of all life and the universe.
The Manusmriti describes the creation of Brahma from the Svayambhu, applied as a term to denote Brahman. The mind of Brahman is stated to have produced the golden, germinal substance that created the Hiranyagarbha, the primordial egg, from which the creator deity manifested.
The status of a deity as svayambhu is observed to vary according to literature and a given tradition. For instance, while the Manusmriti and Srimad Bhagavatam describes Brahma to be Svayambhu, whereas the Mahabharata asserts that Brahma manifested from the lotus that emerged from Vishnu, transferring the status from the former to the latter. The Srimad Bhagavatam also accords the status to Svayambhuva Manu, the first man born during a given age of the earth.
See also
Acheiropoieta in the Christian tradition, literally, "works made without human hands"
Swayambhunath
Soyombo symbol
References
Hindu philosophical concepts
Sanskrit words and phrases | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Svayambhu |
James Hartness (September 3, 1861 – February 2, 1934) was an American inventor, mechanical engineer, entrepreneur, amateur astronomer, and politician who served as the 58th governor of Vermont from 1921 to 1923.
Early life and education
Hartness was born in Schenectady, New York, one of three sons of John William Hartness and Ursilla (Jackson) Hartness. His family moved to Cleveland, Ohio, in 1863 where his father worked as a foreman in the city's machine shops. Hartness was educated in the public schools of Cleveland until he was sixteen, when he became an apprentice machinist.
Career
Hartness worked up through the ranks in machine shops in Connecticut before moving to Springfield, Vermont. He became one of the nation's first aviators and became a one-term governor of the state of Vermont. He had two daughters, Anna and Helen. His daughter, Helen (Helen Hartness Flanders), was a noted folk song collector who married Ralph Flanders, a U.S. Senator from Vermont
Hartness died in Springfield in 1934. He is buried in the Summer Hill Cemetery in Springfield, not far from his mansion.
He built his Springfield home in 1904, which is an example of shingle style architecture. An inn and restaurant since 1954, it is listed on the National Register of Historic Places for its connection to him.
Engineering and entrepreneurship
At age 16, Hartness began his career in machine shops. At age 21 he became a foreman at the Winsted-Norway Bolt Company in Winsted, Connecticut. He moved in 1886 to Torrington, Connecticut, to work as a tool-maker and foreman at the Union Hardware Company. His lifetime achievement of more than 100 patents began here with patents of locks, roller skates, and bicycle pedal mechanisms.
Hartness had an unpleasant experience at Union Hardware: he had been understandably naive about arranging for royalties on his patents, and the business owners chose not to help rectify the oversight. He did not get to share in the profits derived from the patents. In September 1888, after he had lost several weeks' work to illness, Union Hardware told him not to return.
During the winter of 1888–1889, he worked briefly for several companies: Pratt & Whitney in Hartford, Connecticut; Eaton, Cole and Burnham Co. in Bridgeport, Connecticut, and a plant in Scottdale, Pennsylvania. Roe (1937) surmised that Hartness developed the idea of the flat-turret lathe sometime before this period and sought a suitable machine tool company at which to build it. Only Ambrose Swasey of Warner & Swasey saw the potential for success of Hartness' idea, reportedly saying "You will hear from that young man again, and from this 'Lazy Susan' of his".
In April 1889 Hartness moved to Springfield, Vermont, to become the superintendent at the struggling Jones and Lamson (J&L) Machine Company. He used his creative energy to revitalize the company. Here he found his chance to manufacture the flat-turret lathe, which increased efficiency and productivity and was especially well adapted to the burgeoning automobile industry. The flat turret lathe improved upon earlier turret lathes via greater rigidity, allowing higher precision, higher speeds and feeds, and longer cuts. Hartness also developed an array of highly advanced tooling to complement the lathe, including improved roller bar feed and die head designs. All of these advantages allowed better parts to be made faster, and thus less expensively, which made the lathe highly desirable to manufacturers. This time, Hartness was prepared to defend his interest in his patent. He arranged with J&L to receive a $100 royalty on each machine.
Hartness changed J&L's business model from making a wide variety of machines to order to specializing in the manufacturing and improving of this one product. With rapid acceptance of this machine tool, orders reached 10 units per day from the manufacturing sector. As a result, Hartness reportedly received up to $1,000 per day in royalties. He also introduced appealing and informative catalogues to market the new Jones and Lamson products. Hartness acquired a large interest in J&L. He became manager in 1896 and president in 1901 until his retirement in 1933.
In 1915 Hartness reluctantly decided to engage in "war business," heeding his brother John's pleas from the London office of J&L. During World War I Hartness, as a representative of American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME), became Chairman of the National Screw-Thread Commission, the mission of which was to create international standards for the measurement and sizing of screw threads.
Hartness discouraged modernizing of the Hartness Flat Turret Lathe. Nevertheless, it remained a very successful product until after Hartness's retirement, when a new J&L turret lathe model by John Lovely finally replaced it.
The 1921 edition of the ASME mechanical catalog and directory showed that J&L offered several models of Hartness flat turret lathe, an automatic chucking lathe, an automatic die, a screw-thread comparator, and the Fay automatic lathe. J&L had offices in Springfield, Vermont, San Francisco, California, and London, England, plus agents in five other countries.
In 1929, Hartness and Russell W. Porter patented an optical comparator, a device that applies the principles of optics to the inspection of manufactured parts by projecting the magnified silhouette of a part onto a screen where its dimensions and geometry of the part are measured against prescribed limits. Traditionally, mechanics used a mechanical gauge to assess whether screws were to specifications. Hartness employed his knowledge of optics and magnification to devise a much more practical optical method for measurement. This contribution stemmed from Hartness' work as the Chairman of the U.S. National Screw-Thread Commission and from his familiarity with optics in astronomy and telescope-building. The Hartness Screw-Thread Comparator was for many years a profitable product for J&L. The optical comparator remains a standard means inspection of many kinds of parts.
Mentor of machine tool entrepreneurs
Hartness encouraged talented inventors in his employ at J&L to strike out on their own as entrepreneurs. These included three Springfield companies and one Windsor, Vermont company:
Edwin R. Fellows, founder of the Fellows Gear Shaper Company
William L. Bryant, founder of the Bryant Chucking Grinder Company
Fred P. Lovejoy, founder of the Lovejoy Tool Company
George O. Gridley, founder of the National Acme Company
The companies started by these men helped make Springfield and Windsor a prosperous manufacturing region, thanks not to its access to raw materials or markets, but due to a pool of talented engineers and machinists. Joseph Roe ranked Hartness in the class of Henry Maudslay and Elisha K. Root for his mentorship of a younger generation of machine tool builders.
Management
His son-in-law, Ralph Flanders, reported that Hartness examined "some of the elements which go into making workmen both contented and productive" in his book The Human Factor in Works Management. His Hartness Turret Lathe Manual starts with the statement, "Since the machine is only an implement, it cannot be considered a thing entirely apart from the man. In fact, the man is the greater part. The personal welfare of the operator must be considered. This is something more than the man's relation to the machine. It includes an equally important phase—his relationship to other men and to his environment in general."
In a sense Hartness was responding to the era's enthusiastic fervor for scientific management, which Hartness and many others felt did not adequately address the psychology of how to manage employees as human beings and maintain their respect.
Affiliations, degrees and medals
Hartness was an active member of the following engineering, scientific, and arts societies:
American Society of Mechanical Engineers, which elected him president in Fall 1913 to serve the 1914–1915 term
American Engineering Council (formerly the Federated American Engineering Societies), which elected him president in 1924 to serve the following two-year term
Society of Automotive Engineers
British Institution of Mechanical Engineers
American Association for the Advancement of Science (Fellow)
British Royal Aeronautical Society (Fellow)
American Astronomical Society (Member)
British Royal Astronomical Society (Member)
British Royal Society for the Encouragement of Arts (Member)
Aero Club of America
Aero Club of Vermont
His life achievements were recognized with honorary degrees from the University of Vermont (ME in 1910 and LLD in 1920) and Yale University (MA in 1914). The Franklin Institute awarded Hartness the Edward Longstreth Medal in 1921, recognizing his invention of the Hartness screw thread comparator. In the same year the American Philosophical Society and the City Trusts of Philadelphia awarded the John Scott Medal to Hartness for the flat turret lathe, citing its usefulness in making artillery.
Aviation
Hartness first flew in Germany in 1913 in a hydrogen-filled airship, designed by Ferdinand von Zeppelin. In 1914, Hartness learned to fly a Wright Flyer near Garden City, New York. Hartness then obtained his pilot's license from the Aero Club of America. He encouraged, and served as president of, the Vermont Aero Club. He donated the land for the Springfield Aerodrome to the state, establishing the first airfield in Vermont—Hartness State Airport.
After his trans-Atlantic flight, Charles Lindbergh toured the United States in the Spirit of St. Louis to promote aviation. He landed in Springfield on July 26, 1927 in his visit to Vermont and spoke at a large gathering at the airport. Hartness hosted Lindbergh at his home.
Astronomy
Hartness's interest in optics and astronomy led to his development of a telescope mount with the revolving dome on an equatorial plane. An additional feature of this telescope, which still stands at the former Hartness Mansion, was that the optics of the telescope passed through a lens in the wall of the dome. This allowed the observer to stay warm in winter. (Conventional telescopes were often contained within domes that opened an aperture for the telescope to gain exposure both to the sky and the ambient air.) The success of this patent led to more telescope activities and commissions. With Hartness's encouragement and financial support, Russell W. Porter initiated the Springfield Telescope Makers Club. The club still celebrates their annual Stellafane gathering in Springfield.
Politics and government
Hartness was a member of the Vermont Board of Education from 1914 until 1920, and served as its chairman from 1915 to 1920. Under his leadership, the board took steps to standardize teacher training and improve the physical condition of Vermont's small rural schools. During World War I, he was appointed Federal Food Administrator for Vermont. Food administrators were responsible for contributing to the war effort by leading campaigns to promote food conservation and production among the public, including "Meatless Monday" and "Wheatless Wednesday", as well as the cultivation of Victory gardens.
Governor of Vermont
A Republican, in 1920, Hartness ran for the party's gubernatorial nomination. An advocate of passing the Nineteenth Amendment to the United States Constitution, he decided to take advantage of the expanded electorate when women were permitted to vote, as well as the primary elections that had replaced state party conventions, to bypass the party's Mountain Rule and campaign directly for the nomination. In the primary, Hartness obtained 39 percent of the vote, defeating three well-established candidates. In the general election, Hartness campaigned on the issue of enticing Vermonters to stay rather than seek employment elsewhere. He easily bested Democrat Fred C. Martin, 78 percent to 21.8.
Unlike most governors of Vermont, Hartness had not previously served in the Vermont General Assembly. During his 1921 to 1923 term, he worked to improve Vermont's road network and promote manufacturing as the key to expanding the state's economy. Hartness adhered to the Mountain Rule provision that limited governors to one term and did not seek reelection in 1922.
References
Bibliography
Books by Hartness
Republished by Hive Publishing Company as Hive management history series no. 46,
Republished by Kessinger Publishing, 2004, as
Biography
Other cited sources
Further reading
, pp. 197–200.
External links
1861 births
1934 deaths
American astronomers
19th-century American inventors
20th-century American inventors
Aviators from New York (state)
Fellows of the Royal Aeronautical Society
Republican Party governors of Vermont
Machine tool builders
Presidents of the American Society of Mechanical Engineers
Politicians from Schenectady, New York
People from Springfield, Vermont
Engineers from New York (state)
Scientists from New York (state) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Hartness |
Nokko (born November 4, 1963) is a Japanese singer-songwriter, producer, and actress. She was the lead singer of the popular band "Rebecca," which had a string of hits in Japan in the 1980s. Nokko was born in Urawa, Saitama, as . Under her stage name Nokko, she also had multiple hits in Japan throughout her solo career in the 1990s, and released an English-language album in the US produced and mixed by Goh Hotoda and Francois Kevorkian.
History
In 1990, she married Takehiko Kogure, former group leader of Rebecca. They divorced in 1993. In 2002, she married Goh Hotoda, a sound engineer who has mixed hit singles for artists including Madonna, Janet Jackson, and Hikaru Utada. They now live in Atami, Japan, where on August 1, 2006, the couple welcomed the birth of their daughter, Kano.
Legacy
Nokko's song "Ningyo" (mermaid), which was her 4th solo single on her 4th solo album, "Colored", was the theme song for the 1994 drama Toki o Kakeru Shōjo starring Yuki Uchida.
Discography
Original albums
Hallelujah (1992)
I Will Catch U. (1993)
Call Me Nightlife (1993)
Colored (1994)
Rhyming Cafe (1996)
(1998)
Viaje (2000)
Kiss (2010)
THE NOKKO STORY (2013)
TRUE WOMAN (2018)
Compilation albums
The Best of Nokko (1997)
Remix Nokko (2000)
Nokko's Selection, Nokko's Best (2006)
Singles
Crazy Clouds (1992)
(1992)
I Will Catch U (1993)
Vivace (1993)
(1994)
(1994)
(1995)
(1995)
(1996)
Natural (1996)
(1997)
(1997)
(1998)
(1998)
(1999)
(1999)
(2000)
References
External links
Fan page with complete discography
1963 births
Living people
Singers from Saitama (city)
Ki/oon Music artists
20th-century Japanese women singers
20th-century Japanese singers
21st-century Japanese women singers
21st-century Japanese singers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nokko |
The H0m gauge is designed for the reproduction of narrow gauge railways with a prototype gauge of 850 to 1250 mm in H0 scale. The letter m stands for metre prototype gauge with a track width of 1000 mm. It runs on TT scale tracks. Modern H0m trains run on realistic-looking two-rail track, which is powered by direct current (varying the voltage applied to the rails to change the speed, and polarity to change direction), or by Digital Command Control (sending commands to a decoder in each locomotive). It is a popular scale in Europe, particularly for trains of Swiss outline.
Ready to run models are widely available from companies like Bemo and D+R Modellbahn, a number of companies including, Lemaco and Ferro-suisse, also produced more detailed handmade brass models.
H0m track is also used in Australia to model the narrow-gauge lines in Queensland, South Australia, Tasmania and Western Australia where trains run on 3'6" track. Likewise it has a following in South Africa, Japan and to a small extent Taiwan and New Zealand which also use 3'6" tracks. See HOn3-1/2 scale.
Related scales
In the same scale standard-gauge trains are modelled on gauge track, known as H0. Narrow-gauge trains are usually modelled on gauge track which is known as H0e and industrial minimum-gauge lines are modelled on gauge track known as H0f gauge. HOn3 is used to model gauge railroads in the United States and uses a track gauge of .
External links
Manufacturers
Ferro-Suisse
Bemo
D+R
Tillig
Peco
Haskell
Wuiske Promotions
Black Diamond Models
PGC Scale Models
Model Railroads
An H0m Model of the Albula Line in Switzerland
Model railroad scales
Narrow gauge railway modelling | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H0m%20gauge |
Choe Man-ri (, d. 23 October 1445) or sometimes spelled Choi Mal-li, was an associate professor in the Hall of Worthies (집현전 부제학, 集賢殿副提學) who spoke against the creation of hangul (then called eonmun) together with other Confucian scholars in 1444. He made the following submission that year to King Sejong against hangul:
His protest against Hangul
Family
Father - Choe Ha (최하, 崔荷); 11th generation descendant of Choe Chung
Grandfather - Choe Ahn-hae (최안해)
Mother - Lady Ji of the Chungju Ji clan (충주 지씨)
Grandfather - Ji Yong-su (지용수, 池龍壽) (1313 - ?)
Grandmother - Lady Kim (김씨, 金氏)
Sibling(s)
Younger brother - Choe Man-hyeon (최만현, 崔萬玹)
Wife - Lady Yang of the Junghwa Yang clan (중화 양씨)
Father-in-law - Yang Mi (양미, 楊美)
Issue
Son - Choe Gak (최각, 崔塙)
Son - Choe Jeong (최정, 崔埥) (1429 – 27 March 1466)
Daughter-in-law - Lady Yi of the Yeoheung Yi clan (여흥 이씨) (1429 – 25 March 1505)
Son - Choe Dang (최당, 崔塘)
Son - Choe Eun (최은, 崔垠)
Son - Choe Yeon (최연, 崔堧)
Grandson - Choe Se-geol (최세걸); became the great-grandfather of Choe Gyeong-chang (최경창) and 7th generation ancestor of Choe Gyu-seo, Duke Chungjeong (최규서 충정공)
Daughter - Lady Choe of the Haeju Choe clan (해주 최씨)
Son-in-law - Yi Ui-seok (이의석) of the Deoksu Yi clan
Grandson - Yi Cheon (이천, 李蕆); grandfather to Yi Yi
In popular culture
Portrayed by Kwon Tae-won in the 2011 SBS TV series Deep Rooted Tree.
Portrayed by Lee Dae-yeon in the 2015 MBC TV series Splash Splash Love.
Portrayed by Ahn Shin-woo in the 2016 KBS1 TV series Jang Yeong-sil.
See also
Little China (ideology)
Origin of Hangul
References
Joseon politicians
15th-century Korean people
1445 deaths
Man-ri
People from Haeju | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Choe%20Man-ri |
Rabbi Chaim Hirschensohn (,
1857 – 1935) was a prolific author, rabbi, thinker, and early proponent of Religious Zionism.
Biography
Chaim Hirschensohn was born on August 31, 1857 in Safed, in the Galilee to Rabbi Yaakov Mordechai Hirschensohn, who had emigrated there from Pinsk in 1848. Following an earthquake in Safed in 1864, the family (which included Chaim's older brother, Rabbi Yitzchok Hirschensohn) moved to Jerusalem.
Like his brother, the young Zionist Chaim Hirschensohn worked with Eliezer Ben-Yehuda to revive spoken Hebrew and helped found the Safah Berurah ("Plain Language") society in Jerusalem. He and his wife Chava published works and journals both in Hebrew and Yiddish.
In 1878, Hirschensohn spent two years travelling to centers of Torah study in Russia, meeting with esteemed rabbinic scholars. He returned to Palestine with rabbinical ordination from several prominent European rabbis. In 1884, he left again for Hungary and Germany, where he began publishing a monthly Torah-scientific journal, Hamisdarona, in Frankfurt am Main.
Returning to Jerusalem, Hirschenson taught Talmud at the Lemel School; established a publishing house; published, together with his wife and brother, a Yiddish paper called Beit Yaakov; assisted running the Abarbanel library (later absorbed in the National Library of Israel); and established a B’nai B’rith office in Jerusalem.
In 1896, he worked with several organizations to construct new homes outside the walls of Jerusalem's Old City. "When the Turkish government issued a prohibition against selling property to Jews in Palestine, Hirschensohn’s financial situation deteriorated, and he left the country to secure a stable livelihood."
Hirschensohn served as principal of a Hebrew school in Constantinople. Joining the Constantinople delegation to the Sixth Zionist Congress in Basel, he was convinced by the American delegation to immigrate to the United States, where he arrived in 1903.
In 1904, he was hired as the Chief Rabbi of Hoboken, New Jersey, a post that included Hoboken, West Hoboken, Jersey City Heights, Union Hill and the environs in its jurisdiction. He remained in Hoboken until his death in 1935.
Writings
Rabbi Hirschensohn wrote on many subjects, including the relationship between Judaism and democracy, the status of women, and conflicts between traditional Judaism and modern scholarship and science. He is probably best known for Malki Ba-Kodesh, a 6-volume work he published between 1919 and 1928, in which he explores the halakhot (Jewish laws) that might govern a future Jewish state.
Approach to Halacha
It is commonly argued that issues of Jewish law must be approached objectively. Hirschensohn opposed this approach on an ideological level, supporting conscious subjectivity when discussing halachic questions. "Just as the posek who deals with a case of mamzerut or agunah has an agenda, and tries his utmost to reach a lenient conclusion, Hirschensohn adopts this model with virtually every issue he examines, a trait that some will regard as evidence of a lack of seriousness, while others will see it as a refreshing alternative to the apostles of halachic objectivity.”
Family
Hirschensohn had five children. The oldest, Nima (previously Nechama) Adlerblum, became a noted educator and Zionist activist. Another daughter, Esther, married Jacob Joseph Taubenhaus and founded the Hillel chapter at Texas A&M University. A third daughter, Tamar, married Rabbi David de Sola Pool. Another daughter, Tehilla, was married to Rabbi Morris Lichtenstein and assumed leadership of the Society for Jewish Science after his passing in 1939 until her own passing in 1972. Tehilla was the first Jewish woman in America with a pulpit, although she was not ordained. The 5th was a son, Benjamin who became an mathematical engineer and resided in Pittsburgh until his death. Benjamin had one daughter, Ethelfreda Hirshenson. His grandchildren included Stanford University pediatrician Ruth T. Gross and MIT political scientist Ithiel de Sola Pool.
In order for the family to emigrate to the United States, Benjamin at age 15 was sent ahead by ship to find a synagogue for his father to lead. Unable to afford passage, he had to tie himself to the deck at night to avoid being swept overboard.
Notes
Further reading
Zohar, David. Jewish Commitment in a Modern World: R. Hayyim Hirschensohn and his Attitude Towards Modernity (Hebrew). Jerusalem: Shalom Hartman Institute, 2003.
Zohar, David. Rabbi Hayyim Hirschensohn - The Forgotten Sage Who Was Rediscovered
Marc Shapiro article
Encyclopedia Judaica "Hirschensohn (Family)"
Rothberg, Shaiya. The Democratization of the Jewish Political Tradition – Rabbi Chaim Hirschensohn’s Political Thought and its Jewish Sources [Hebrew]
American Ashkenazi Jews
American people of Palestinian-Jewish descent
American Zionists
Religious Zionist Orthodox rabbis
Ashkenazi rabbis in Ottoman Palestine
Emigrants from the Ottoman Empire to the United States
People from Hoboken, New Jersey
People from Safed
1857 births
1935 deaths | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaim%20Hirschensohn |
Sassenberg() is a town in the district of Warendorf, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is situated approximately 6 km north-east of Warendorf and 30 km east of Münster.
History
On July 1, 1969 the municipalities Dackmar, Füchtorf and Gröblingen were incorporated.
Notable people
Hermann von dem Busche (1468–1534), Humanist
Levin Schücking (1814–1883), German writer, close confidant and editor of Annette von Droste-Hülshoff; married to Louise von Gall (novelist)
Louise von Gall (1815–1855), novelist
Joseph Uphues (1850–1911), sculptor
Luigi Colani (1928–2019), designer
Monica Theodorescu (born 1963), dressage rider
References | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sassenberg |
Fleur Alison Bennett (born 18 June 1968) is a British television actress best known for her work on the sit-com Grace & Favour (a spinoff of Are You Being Served?) and the Channel 5 soap opera Family Affairs.
Life and career
Bennett was born in St Ives in Cornwall, England on 18 June 1968. She was educated at Mountview Theatre School and Guildhall School of Music and Drama in London.
Bennett debuted in the Are You Being Served? spin-off Grace & Favour (1992–1993), in which she played the part of Mavis Moulterd. After the show ended, she had small appearances on Nelson's Column (1994) and Cracker (1995).
In 1997, she played Laura Forester in the mini-series The Rag Nymph. Between 1997 and 1999, she played Belinda Rhodes in the TV-series Family Affairs. She also made a guest appearance in Heartbeat in 1998.
Her television career in recent years has consisted mainly of guest appearances in Midsomer Murders (2001), Casualty (2002) and Down to Earth (2005).
Television roles
References
External links
Living people
British television actresses
Actresses from London
People from St Ives, Cornwall
1968 births
Alumni of the Guildhall School of Music and Drama
Actresses from Cornwall
20th-century English actresses
21st-century English actresses | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fleur%20Bennett |
Dobrin may refer to:
Dobrin (name)
Dobříň, a village and municipality (obec) in Litoměřice District, Ústí nad Labem Region, Czech Republic
Dobrin, Sălaj, commune in Sălaj County, Romania
Dobrin, Bulgaria, a village in Dobrich Province, Bulgaria
The Dobrin Wind Farm, Dobrin, Dobrich Region, Bulgaria
Dobrin, German name for a town in the Kuyavian-Pomeranian Voivodeship, Poland
See also
Dobrina (disambiguation)
Dobrynia (disambiguation)
Dobrynin (disambiguation)
Dobrzyń (disambiguation)
Dobre (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dobrin |
Cool commonly refers to:
Cool, a moderately low temperature
Cool (aesthetic), an aesthetic of attitude, behavior, and style
Cool or COOL may also refer to:
Economics
Country of origin labelling
mCOOL - US consumer legislation to enforce COOL at the grocery store
Computing
Cool (programming language)
COOL, a computer language used in the CLIPS tool
Cool, an internal name of C#
Geography
Cool (Rotterdam), Netherlands
Cool, California, U.S.
Cool, Texas, U.S.
Music
Cool (band), a South Korean K-pop music group
Cool jazz
Albums
Cool (George Duke album) (2000)
Lupe Fiasco's The Cool (2007)
The Cool (character), the associated concept character
Cool (Joyce album) (2015)
Songs
"Cool" (Alesso song) (2015)
"Cool" (Anthony Hamilton song) (2008)
"Cool" (Jonas Brothers song) (2019)
"Cool" (Le Youth song) (2013)
"Cool" (Dua Lipa song) (2020)
"Cool" (Gwen Stefani song) (2005)
"Cool" (The Time song) (1981), later covered by Snoop Dogg and Prince
"Cool" (West Side Story song) (1957)
"Cool", a 2011 song by Jason Blaine from Life So Far
"Cool", a 2020 song by Weki Meki from New Rules
"Cool", a 2020 song by Bvndit
People
Cool (producer), American hip hop producer
Fabien Cool (born 1972), French footballer
Tré Cool (born 1972), American drummer (Green Day)
Wim Cool (born 1943), Dutch politician
LL Cool J (born 1968), American rapper
Television
CoolTV, a Canadian television channel
Cool TV, a Hungarian television channel
"Cool" (Smallville), an episode of Smallville
Other uses
COOL Award, children's book choice award
Cool colors, a perceptual and psychological classification of colors
Cumhall, a figure in Irish mythology
Majesco Entertainment' NASDAQ ticker symbol
Mr. Cool (Mr. Men), a fictional character in the Mr. Men children's book series
Steve McQueen: popularly known as "The King of Cool"
See also
Cool Change (disambiguation)
Cool Kids (disambiguation)
Kool (disambiguation)
Mister Cool (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cool |
Sendenhorst is a town in the district of Warendorf, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is situated approximately north of Hamm and south-east of Münster.
Geography
Sendenhorst consists of Sendenhorst and Albersloh. Before the municipal reform of 1975, Sendenhorst was located in the former Beckum District and Albersloh in the former district of Münster (Landkreis). The river Werse flows through Albersloh.
References | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sendenhorst |
Abbeville County School District (ACSD) is a school district serving Abbeville County, South Carolina, United States. As of 2006 it serves some 3,700 students in all. Schools include Abbeville High School and Dixie High School.
References
External links
Official website
School districts in South Carolina
Education in Abbeville County, South Carolina | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbeville%20County%20School%20District |
Martyr Worthy is a small village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Itchen Valley, in the Winchester non-metropolitan district of Hampshire, England. It is part of the Worthys cluster of small villages. In 1931 the parish had a population of 350. On 1 April 1932 the parish was abolished to form Itchen Valley.
Martyr Worthy is located on the banks of the River Itchen to the northeast of the city of Winchester.
The place-name 'Martyr Worthy' is first attested in Episcopal Registers of 1243, where it appears as Wordia le Martre. 'Worthy' means 'enclosure', and Martyr Worthy is recorded as having been held by Henricus la Martre in 1201. 'Martre' may be Old French martre meaning martyr, or meaning marten and used as a nickname
The village has a Church of England parish church – St Swithun's – which is Grade II* listed.
References
External links
History and descriptions
GENUKI page
Stained Glass Windows at St. Swithun, Martyr Worthy, Hampshire
Villages in Hampshire
City of Winchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martyr%20Worthy |
Beelen is a municipality in the district of Warendorf, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is situated approximately 30 km south-west of Bielefeld and 35 km east of Münster.
Mayors
1989–1991: Siegbert Elsing (FWG)
1991–1994: Josef Aulenkamp (CDU)
1994–1995: Elisabeth Kammann (FWG)
1995–1999: Heinrich Schwarzenberg (CDU)
1999–2004: Martin Braun (independent)
2004–2020: Elisabeth Kammann (FWG)
since 2020: Rolf Mestekemper
Twin towns
Villers-Écalles (France)
References
External links
Official site
Towns in North Rhine-Westphalia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beelen |
Tailevu North Fijian Provincial Communal is a former electoral division of Fiji, one of 23 communal constituencies reserved for indigenous Fijians. Established by the 1997 Constitution, it came into being in 1999 and was used for the parliamentary elections of 1999, 2001, and 2006. (Of the remaining 48 seats, 23 were reserved for other ethnic communities and 25, called Open Constituencies, were elected by universal suffrage). The electorate covered northern areas of Tailevu Province.
The 2013 Constitution promulgated by the Military-backed interim government abolished all constituencies and established a form of proportional representation, with the entire country voting as a single electorate.
Election results
In the following tables, the primary vote refers to first-preference votes cast. The final vote refers to the final tally after votes for low-polling candidates have been progressively redistributed to other candidates according to pre-arranged electoral agreements (see electoral fusion), which may be customized by the voters (see instant run-off voting).
1999
2001
2006
Sources
Psephos - Adam Carr's electoral archive
Fiji Facts | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tailevu%20North%20%28Fijian%20Communal%20Constituency%2C%20Fiji%29 |
Come Back Mrs Noah is a British sitcom starring Mollie Sugden that aired on BBC1 from 17 July to 14 August 1978 with a pilot broadcast on 13 December 1977. It was written by Jeremy Lloyd and David Croft, who had also written Are You Being Served? which also starred Mollie Sugden. Come Back Mrs Noah was not a success, with some regarding it as one of the worst British sitcoms ever made.
Cast
Mollie Sugden as Mrs Gertrude Noah
Ian Lavender as Clive Cunliffe
Donald Hewlett as Carstairs
Michael Knowles as Fanshaw
Gorden Kaye as TV Presenter
Tim Barrett as Garfield Hawk
Joe Black as Garstang
Ann Michelle as Scarth Dare
Jennifer Lonsdale as Technician
Raymond Bowers as Professor Holzburger
Robert Gillespie as Mission Control
Harold Bennett as Priest
Christopher Mitchell as Butler
Norman Mitchell as Mr Noah
Diana King as Mrs Carstairs
Vicki Michelle as Maid
Jean Gilpin as 2nd Technician
Jennifer Guy as Ivy Basset
Kenneth MacDonald as Space Hen
Plot
In 2050, British housewife Gertrude Noah wins a cookery competition, and is awarded a tour of Britannia Seven, the UK's new Space Exploration Vehicle. The craft is accidentally sent blasting off into space with a crew consisting only of Mrs Noah, proton physicist Carstairs, neutron physicist Fanshaw, lightbulb-changer Garstang, and BBC reporter Clive Cuncliffe. The series then centres on efforts to bring them back to Earth. The programme Far and Wide (a parody of Nationwide) features frequent updates read by Gorden Kaye. These reports present a reality in which Britain is the most successful nation on Earth, providing aid to countries like Germany and the United States.
Development
The series was originally intended as a vehicle for Mollie Sugden and to take her out of the usual setting she would be in. Croft was very worried that others would soon start work on similar projects so he wished to rush it past the BBC as soon as possible. He later said that 'It speaks volumes about the flexibility of the BBC at that time ... we rushed it along without any opposition at all. One of my concerns, when I spoke to [Head of Comedy] Jimmy Gilbert, was that everyone would soon be trying to do something similar in this area, because "space" was suddenly all the rage, so I was greatly bothered about the danger of duplication. So I told him that Jeremy and I had an idea that we really liked, and that we wanted to do a pilot, but that the idea was so "hot" that I'd prefer not to tell him what it was about. And Jimmy, to his eternal credit, didn't ask for a script, he didn't question it at all, he just told me to go ahead and do it.'
Production
David Croft signed up Mollie Sugden as Mrs Noah who had previously appeared on another Croft and Lloyd sitcom Are You Being Served?. Also in the series was Ian Lavender who was known for his role as Private Pike in Dad's Army. Donald Hewlett and Michael Knowles played physicists Carstairs and Fanshaw, the two were already known to viewers as Colonel Reynolds and Captain Ashwood in the sitcom It Ain't Half Hot Mum.
Episodes
{{Episode table |background=#040605 |overall=5 |title=20 |director=18 |writer=18 |airdate=16|episodes=
{{Episode list
|EpisodeNumber=1
|Title=Pilot
|DirectedBy = Bob Spiers
|WrittenBy = David Croft & Jeremy Lloyd
|OriginalAirDate=
|ShortSummary=As part of her prize for winning Modern Housewife Magazine'''s cookery competition, Mrs. Noah visits the Pontefract International Space Complex (PISC) to tour the flight deck of Britain's £700 billion space station. She witnesses unproductive tea-making technology, tries on a pleasure hat, and is on the verge of testing the dream stimulation machine when the shuttle is accidentally launched into space, providing her a crash course in weightlessness.
|LineColor=040605
}}
}}
Other countriesCome Back Mrs Noah'' was also shown in the Netherlands, starting on 30 June 1979. It was also aired in Australia and on several public television stations in the United States including WPBT in Miami, Florida and WNED-TV in Buffalo, New York.
References
Mark Lewisohn, "Radio Times Guide to TV Comedy", BBC Worldwide Ltd, 2003
Footnotes
External links
BBC Comedy Guide page - (Archived @ Wayback Machine)
1970s British sitcoms
1970s British science fiction television series
1977 British television series debuts
1978 British television series endings
BBC television sitcoms
David Croft sitcoms
English-language television shows
Television series set in the 2050s | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Come%20Back%20Mrs.%20Noah |
Ennigerloh () is a town in the district of Warendorf, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is situated approximately 25 km northeast of Hamm and 30 km southeast of Münster.
The town, located in an agricultural area and with a well-preserved medieval quarter, became more industrial in the 20th century as several cement factories were installed. Some of these closed towards the end of the century. Furniture manufacturing was also a significant industry.
Geography
Subdivisions
Enniger
Westkirchen
Ostenfelde
Hoest
Notable people
Alois Hanslian (born 1943), painter
Willy Hartner (1905–1981), professor, founded the Institute for the History of Natural Sciences in Frankfurt am Main
Karl Weierstrass (1815–1897), mathematician often described as "the father of analysis"
References
External links | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ennigerloh |
Everswinkel is a municipality in Warendorf District, North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is situated some 30 km north of Hamm and 15 km east of Münster.
References | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Everswinkel |
Joseph Christopher Glenn (March 23, 1938 – October 17, 2006) was an American radio and television news journalist who worked in broadcasting for over 45 years and spent the final 35 years of his career at CBS, retiring on February 23, 2006 at the age of 67.
Early life
Glenn was born in New York City. He earned a Bachelor's degree in English from the University of Colorado Boulder. His early years in broadcasting were spent working for the American Forces Network while he served in the United States Army in 1960.
Career
Glenn worked at various radio stations in New York, Connecticut, and Washington, D.C. before joining CBS in 1971. While at CBS, Glenn worked in a variety of capacities in its news organization. He was a narrator for In the News, a long-running Emmy Award-winning TV news program geared toward children and young people, which aired between the network's Saturday morning children's shows. Glenn also appeared on camera as an anchor for the short-lived 30 Minutes, a young people's version of 60 Minutes.
He served as an anchor for two of the CBS Radio Network's signature news roundups carried by affiliates in the United States - The World Tonight (now the CBS World News Roundup Late Edition) from 1988 to 1999, and the morning CBS World News Roundup from 1999 until his retirement. Glenn's final morning broadcast occurred on February 23, 2006.
From 1982 to 1984, Glenn served as a television news anchor on CBS News Nightwatch, which aired from 2-6 a.m. weekdays.
Glenn made his best-known report on January 28, 1986, when he anchored CBS News Radio's live coverage of the launch of the Space Shuttle Challenger. Glenn had just signed off—after what was thought to have been a normal launch—when the shuttle disintegrated, killing the seven astronauts on board. "I had to get back on the air real fast to describe that, and had a very difficult time doing that," he recalled. Glenn and correspondent Frank Mottek (now a reporter at CBS Radio station KNX in Los Angeles) covered the Challenger disaster from that point as a CBS NetAlert bulletin.
Glenn was among the first CBS News correspondents to use a personal computer (an Apple II). Glenn continued to play sound clips in his newscasts from carts long after most of the industry had switched to computer-based playback systems.
Death
Glenn, who suffered from liver cancer, died suddenly on October 17, 2006 at the age of 68 in Norwalk, Connecticut. Glenn was posthumously inducted into the National Radio Hall of Fame in Chicago on November 4.
See also
CBS World News Roundup
External links
Glenn's final CBS World News Roundup broadcast: 2/23/2006
CBS Radio news bulletin anchored by Christopher Glenn of the Challenger disaster, 1/28/1986: Part 1, Part 2, Part 3, Part 4
American radio journalists
American television journalists
CBS News people
Deaths from cancer in Connecticut
Deaths from liver cancer
People from Norwalk, Connecticut
University of Colorado Boulder alumni
1938 births
2006 deaths
American male journalists
Journalists from New York City | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher%20Glenn |
The Shockley diode equation, or the diode law, named after transistor co-inventor William Shockley of Bell Labs, models the exponential current–voltage (I–V) relationship of semiconductor diodes in moderate constant current forward bias or reverse bias:
where
is the diode current,
is the reverse-bias saturation current (or scale current),
is the voltage across the diode,
is the thermal voltage, and
is the ideality factor, also known as the quality factor or emission coefficient.
The equation is called the Shockley ideal diode equation when the ideality factor equals 1, thus is sometimes omitted. The ideality factor typically varies from 1 to 2 (though can in some cases be higher), depending on the fabrication process and semiconductor material. The ideality factor was added to account for imperfect junctions observed in real transistors, mainly due to carrier recombination as charge carriers cross the depletion region.
The thermal voltage is approximately 25.852mV at . At an arbitrary temperature, it is a known constant:
where
is the Boltzmann constant,
is the absolute temperature of the p–n junction, and
is the elementary charge (the magnitude of an electron's charge).
The reverse saturation current is not constant for a given device, but varies with temperature; usually more significantly than , so that typically decreases as increases.
Under reverse bias, the diode equation's exponential term is near 0, so the current is near the somewhat constant reverse current value (roughly a picoampere for silicon diodes or a microampere for germanium diodes, although this is obviously a function of size).
For moderate forward bias voltages the exponential becomes much larger than 1, since the thermal voltage is very small in comparison. The in the diode equation is then negligible, so the forward diode current will approximate
The use of the diode equation in circuit problems is illustrated in the article on diode modeling.
Limitations
Internal resistance causes "leveling off" of a real diode's I–V curve at high forward bias. The Shockley equation doesn't model this, but adding a resistance in series will.
The reverse breakdown region (particularly of interest for Zener diodes) is not modeled by the Shockley equation.
The Shockley equation doesn't model noise (such as Johnson–Nyquist noise from the internal resistance, or shot noise).
The Shockley equation is a constant current (steady state) relationship, and thus doesn't account for the diode's transient response, which includes the influence of its internal junction and diffusion capacitance and reverse recovery time.
Derivation
Shockley derives an equation for the voltage across a p-n junction in a long article published in 1949. Later he gives a corresponding equation for current as a function of voltage under additional assumptions, which is the equation we call the Shockley ideal diode equation. He calls it "a theoretical rectification formula giving the maximum rectification", with a footnote referencing a paper by Carl Wagner, Physikalische Zeitschrift 32, pp. 641–645 (1931).
To derive his equation for the voltage, Shockley argues that the total voltage drop can be divided into three parts:
the drop of the quasi-Fermi level of holes from the level of the applied voltage at the p terminal to its value at the point where doping is neutral (which we may call the junction),
the difference between the quasi-Fermi level of the holes at the junction and that of the electrons at the junction,
the drop of the quasi-Fermi level of the electrons from the junction to the n terminal.
He shows that the first and the third of these can be expressed as a resistance times the current: As for the second, the difference between the quasi-Fermi levels at the junction, he says that we can estimate the current flowing through the diode from this difference. He points out that the current at the p terminal is all holes, whereas at the n terminal it is all electrons, and the sum of these two is the constant total current. So the total current is equal to the decrease in hole current from one side of the diode to the other. This decrease is due to an excess of recombination of electron-hole pairs over generation of electron-hole pairs. The rate of recombination is equal to the rate of generation when at equilibrium, that is, when the two quasi-Fermi levels are equal. But when the quasi-Fermi levels are not equal, then the recombination rate is times the rate of generation. We then assume that most of the excess recombination (or decrease in hole current) takes place in a layer going by one hole diffusion length into the n material and one electron diffusion length into the p material, and that the difference between the quasi-Fermi levels is constant in this layer at Then we find that the total current, or the drop in hole current, is
where
and is the generation rate. We can solve for in terms of :
and the total voltage drop is then
When we assume that is small, we obtain and the Shockley ideal diode equation.
The small current that flows under high reverse bias is then the result of thermal generation of electron–hole pairs in the layer. The electrons then flow to the n terminal, and the holes to the p terminal. The concentrations of electrons and holes in the layer is so small that recombination there is negligible.
In 1950, Shockley and coworkers published a short article describing a germanium diode that closely followed the ideal equation.
In 1954, Bill Pfann and W. van Roosbroek (who were also of Bell Telephone Laboratories) reported that while Shockley's equation was applicable to certain germanium junctions, for many silicon junctions the current (under appreciable forward bias) was proportional to with having a value as high as 2 or 3. This is the ideality factor above.
Photovoltaic energy conversion
In 1981, Alexis de Vos and Herman Pauwels showed that a more careful analysis of the quantum mechanics of a junction, under certain assumptions, gives a current versus voltage characteristic of the form
in which is the cross-sectional area of the junction, and is the number of incoming photons per unit area, per unit time, with energy over the band-gap energy, and is outgoing photons, given by
The factor of 2 multiplying the outgoing flux is needed because photons are emitted from both sides, but the incoming flux is assumed to come from just one side.
Although the analysis was done for photovoltaic cells under illumination, it applies also when the illumination is simply background thermal radiation, provided that a factor of 2 is then used for this incoming flux as well. The analysis gives a more rigorous expression for ideal diodes in general, except that it assumes that the cell is thick enough that it can produce this flux of photons. When the illumination is just background thermal radiation, the characteristic is
Note that, in contrast to the Shockley law, the current goes to infinity as the voltage goes to the gap voltage . This of course would require an infinite thickness to provide an infinite amount of recombination.
This equation was recently revised to account for the new temperature scaling in the revised current using a recent model for 2D materials based Schottky diode.
References
Diodes
Electrical engineering
Eponymous equations of physics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shockley%20diode%20equation |
Giovanni De Benedictis (born 8 January 1968, in Pescara) is a retired Italian race walker, that won 9 medals at individual level, 7 of these at senior level, at the International athletics competitions. He participated at five editions of the Summer Olympics (from 1988 to 2004), this like only two others Italian athletes in track and field: the other racewalker champion Abdon Pamich and the sprinter Pietro Mennea. He also won four medals at the IAAF World Race Walking Cup team events (Lugano Trophy).
Biography
Giovanni De Benedictis has won 28 times the individual national championship, third of all-time after Abdon Pamich (40) and Antonio Ambu (34). He has 42 caps in seventeen years in the national team from 1987 to 2004.
In addition to the five Olympic Games, he participated in six World Outdoor Championships and two of the World Indoor, four editions of the European Outdoor Championships and five European Indoor, six editions of the World Race Walking Cup and four of the European Race Walking Cup.
World best performances
3000 metres race walk: 10:47.11, San Giovanni Valdarno, 19 May 1990. world record held until 4 February 2001, and was beaten by the German Andreas Erm.
Achievements
National titles
He won 28 times the national championships at senior level.
See also
Italian Athletics Championships - Multi winners
Italy at the IAAF World Race Walking Cup
Italian all-time lists - 20 km walk
Italian all-time lists - 50 km walk
3000 metres race walk All-time top 25 fastest
References
External links
Official website
1968 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Pescara
Italian male racewalkers
Olympic athletes for Italy
Olympic bronze medalists for Italy
Athletes (track and field) at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2004 Summer Olympics
World Athletics Championships athletes for Italy
World Athletics Championships medalists
Athletics competitors of Centro Sportivo Carabinieri
Olympic bronze medalists in athletics (track and field)
Mediterranean Games gold medalists for Italy
Mediterranean Games medalists in athletics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1997 Mediterranean Games
Medalists at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Italian Athletics Championships winners | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni%20De%20Benedictis |
Forrest Gump: The Soundtrack is the soundtrack album based on the Academy Award-winning film Forrest Gump, and contains music from many well-known American artists. The score, composed by Alan Silvestri, was released separately (as Forrest Gump – Original Motion Picture Score) on the same day. The album was reissued in 2001 with two
additional tracks.
Commercial Performance
The soundtrack jumped from number 34 to 7 on the Billboard 200 albums chart on July 30, 1994. The next week on August 6, 1994, it moved from number 7 to 3, staying there for one week. It reached its peak position of number 2 on the chart on August 13, 1994, staying there for seven weeks until September 17, 1994, when it was displaced by the soundtrack of The Lion King. The Forrest Gump soundtrack dropped from the charts on October 15, 1994. In Canada, it reached number one for one week in September 1994.
Track listing
Disc one
"Hound Dog" (1956) performed by Elvis Presley – 2:16
"Rebel Rouser" (1958) performed by Duane Eddy – 2:21
"(I Don't Know Why) But I Do" (1961) performed by Clarence "Frogman" Henry – 2:18
"Walk Right In" (1963) performed by the Rooftop Singers – 2:33
"Land of 1000 Dances" (1966) performed by Wilson Pickett – 2:25
"Blowin' in the Wind" (1967) performed by Joan Baez – 2:49
"Fortunate Son" (1969) performed by Creedence Clearwater Revival – 2:18
"I Can't Help Myself (Sugar Pie Honey Bunch)" (1965) performed by the Four Tops – 2:43
"Respect" (1967) performed by Aretha Franklin – 2:27
"Rainy Day Women #12 & 35" (1966) performed by Bob Dylan – 4:35
"Sloop John B" (1966) performed by the Beach Boys – 2:56
"California Dreamin'" (1966) performed by the Mamas & the Papas – 2:39
"For What It's Worth" (1966) performed by Buffalo Springfield – 2:38
"What the World Needs Now Is Love" (1965) performed by Jackie DeShannon – 3:13
"Break on Through (To the Other Side)" (1967) performed by the Doors – 2:28
"Mrs. Robinson" (1968) performed by Simon & Garfunkel – 3:51
Disc two
"Volunteers" (1969) performed by Jefferson Airplane – 2:04
"Get Together" (1966) performed by The Youngbloods – 4:37
"San Francisco (Be Sure to Wear Flowers in Your Hair)" (1967) performed by Scott McKenzie – 2:58
"Turn! Turn! Turn! (To Everything There Is a Season)" (1965) performed by the Byrds – 3:54
"Medley: Aquarius/Let the Sunshine In" (1969) performed by the 5th Dimension – 4:48
"Everybody's Talkin'" (1968) performed by Harry Nilsson – 2:44
"Joy to the World" (1970) performed by Three Dog Night – 3:16
"Stoned Love" (1970) performed by the Supremes – 2:59
"Raindrops Keep Fallin' on My Head" (1969) performed by B. J. Thomas – 3:00
"Mr. President (Have Pity on the Working Man)" (1974) performed by Randy Newman – 2:46
"Sweet Home Alabama" (1974) performed by Lynyrd Skynyrd – 4:43
"Running On Empty" (1978) performed by Jackson Browne - 4:56 Additional Bonus track on Collector's Edition CD 2001
"It Keeps You Runnin'" (1976) performed by the Doobie Brothers – 4:13
"I've Got to Use My Imagination" (1973) performed by Gladys Knight & the Pips – 3:30
"Go Your Own Way" (1977) performed by Fleetwood Mac – 3:39 Additional Bonus track on Collector's Edition CD 2001
"On the Road Again" (1980) performed by Willie Nelson – 2:29
"Against the Wind" (1980) performed by Bob Seger & the Silver Bullet Band – 5:33
"Forrest Gump Suite" (1994) composed and conducted by Alan Silvestri – 8:48
Additional songs
Songs in the movie but not on the soundtrack include:
"Lovesick Blues" – Hank Williams
"Sugar Shack" – Jimmy Gilmer and the Fireballs
"Hanky Panky" – Tommy James and the Shondells
"Paint It Black" – The Rolling Stones
"All Along the Watchtower" – The Jimi Hendrix Experience
"Soul Kitchen" – The Doors
"Hello, I Love You" – The Doors
"People Are Strange" – The Doors
"Love Her Madly" – The Doors
"Hey Joe" – The Jimi Hendrix Experience
"Where Have All the Flowers Gone?" – Pete Seeger
"Let's Work Together" – Canned Heat
"Tie a Yellow Ribbon Round the Ole Oak Tree" – Tony Orlando & Dawn
"Get Down Tonight" – KC & the Sunshine Band
"Free Bird" – Lynyrd Skynyrd
John Lennon's song "Imagine" is mentioned and has its lyrics quoted, but was not used in the film.
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Decade-end charts
Sales and certifications
See also
List of best-selling albums in Australia
List of best-selling albums in the United States
References
1994 soundtrack albums
Epic Records soundtracks
1994 compilation albums
Comedy film soundtracks
Drama film soundtracks | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Forrest%20Gump%3A%20The%20Soundtrack |
Theodore Tugboat is a Canadian children's television series about a tugboat named Theodore who lives in the Big Harbour with all of his friends. The show originated (and is set) in Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada as a co-production between the CBC (Canadian Broadcasting Corporation), and the now defunct Cochran Entertainment, and was filmed on a model set using radio controlled tugboats, ships, and machinery. Production of the show ended in 2001, and its distribution rights were later sold to Classic Media (now DreamWorks Classics). The show premiered in Canada on CBC Television, then went to PBS (Public Broadcasting Service), was on Qubo in the United States, and has appeared in eighty different countries.
The show deals with life learning issues portrayed by the tugs or other ships in the harbour. Most often, the tugs have a problem, or get involved in a struggle with each other or another ship, but they always manage to help one another resolve these problems and see them through. Their main focus however, is to always make the Big Harbour the friendliest harbour in the world, and to always do a good job with their work related tasks.
Origins
The original idea for the series came to Halifax native Andrew Cochran, as he tried to explain the unique characteristics and work of Halifax Harbour vessels to his three-year-old son while walking along the Halifax waterfront. According to Cochran, "When you are with kids, you tend to give human characteristics to buildings, cars and boats." Cochran and his production company, Cochran Entertainment, went on to lead the development of the series with the CBC in Canada, starting in 1989. Production commenced in 1992 with the first broadcasts aired on CBC in 1993. Cochran Entertainment produced all 130 original episodes with Cochran as the executive producer. Jeff Rosen served as the Executive Story Editor and Principal Writer of the series. The designs and faces for most of the characters were created by art director and master model maker Fred Allen. CBC Art Director Tom Anthes designed the set, which featured buildings and structures of Halifax Harbour. More than 60 of the 130 episodes were directed by Robert Cardona, the co-creator of the television show Tugs and producer of Thomas & Friends. These series employed techniques later used in Theodore Tugboat such as humanized vehicles, life lessons and the use of a 1960s pop culture figure as narrator.
Characters
The show has one human character, The Harbourmaster, and five central tugboat characters, led by the show's namesake, Theodore Tugboat. Other ships, of all sizes, provide a large number of regular and occasional characters along with a few talking structures.
The Harbourmaster
Along with all the duties of a real-life harbourmaster, The Harbourmaster is the host and narrator of the series, and provides voices for the entire cast of characters. He is the only human on the show to be played live by a screen actor (other on-screen humans being small figurines, much like the first twelve seasons of Thomas and Friends), and is portrayed in the Canadian and US versions by the late Denny Doherty, formerly of The Mamas & the Papas, and by other performers internationally. The Harbourmaster introduces the theme at the beginning of every episode by addressing an issue that he has in common with the tugs. He also loves to play the tuba and is a good friend of a man named "Rodney" (who is never seen). The role, and the person playing the role, is similar to that of Shining Time Station, the American series that featured Thomas & Friends; like Theodore Tugboat, that series initially starred (and was narrated by) an entertainment figure associated with the 1960s. Ringo Starr (of The Beatles), and later, comedian George Carlin, both played the role of "Mr. Conductor". He also, like the narrator of TUGS, but unlike the narrators of Thomas the Tank Engine (Starr & Carlin at least) – can communicate on screen with the Tugboats.
Tugboats
Theodore Tugboat: Theodore is the title character who lives in the Big Harbour with all of his friends. He's one of the smaller tugs who wears a red baseball cap, and is sometimes offended if someone calls him "cute" or "small". He and his closest friend Hank are the only two harbour tugs (tugs that are not yet eligible to work outside harbour boundaries). They both share the harbour tug side of the dock and love working together. He's a kind little tugboat that is always friendly to the other ships in the harbour, with the goal of befriending everyone he meets. His biggest dream is to become an ocean tug and to travel across the sea to different harbours, but before he does, he works as hard as he can to make the Big Harbour the friendliest harbour in the world. That's why he is always there whenever someone needs him.
Hank: Hank (the Volcano, as he sometimes calls himself) is the smallest, funniest, fastest tugboat in the Big Harbour. He wears a blue toque and loves to make funny faces and noises as a way of getting attention. He can be very sensitive too, and usually gets ignored for being the smallest. Whenever he feels down, he always turns to Theodore for help or guidance. Hank was afraid of the dark once, but overcomes his fear when Theodore tells him that he was once afraid of the dark too. Sometimes Hank is the one to give a good idea without even knowing it. He always forgets to tuck in his anchor, so the other tugs always remind him every now and then. He has the tendency to use the word "fresh" to describe something. Out of all the other tugboats, Hank is special because of his good humour and nature to learn and grow from his mistakes.
Emily "the Vigorous": Emily is the only female tug in the fleet. She wears an old turquoise fishing hat that is very special to her. She loves to travel to different countries and discover new cultures and languages. Emily likes to be admired, but hates to look silly in front of her friends thinking they always have high expectations for her, and look up to her as a leader. Still, she always comes to find that her friends are there to help her, even if she doesn't ask for their help. She usually gets into arguments with George, but they always resolve their differences in the end. No matter how upset Emily gets, she always shows her kind spirits and strength.
George "the Valiant": George is the largest and strongest tugboat in the Big Harbour. He wears a purple baseball cap on his head backwards. George loves to show off and can sometimes be a little rude without knowing it. He's somewhat stubborn and always struggles to admit that he is sometimes wrong. He especially loves to tell stories to the other tugs, mostly about himself. Whenever he gets irritated, he blows up a lot of smoke from his smokestack and makes loud noises with his powerful engines. Most of all, George is a hard worker, never leaves a job until it's done, and always stands up for his friends.
Foduck "the Vigilant": Foduck is the harbour's safety tug. He wears a dark red firefighter's hat and is equipped with extra bright spotlights, sonar transceiver and a fire hose. Foduck is always very serious and makes sure all jobs are being performed safely. Foduck is a V tug like George and Emily, meaning he is fully qualified to make ocean voyages, but is content with staying in the harbour to keep it safe. Because of his strong work ethic, Foduck usually doesn't express his feelings, but deep inside, he has a soft spot in his heart for everything and everyone in the harbour.
The Dispatcher: The tugboat Dispatcher is a rotating building on the "Great Ocean Tug and Salvage Company" wharf, who assigns the tugs their jobs for the day. He has a black moustache and a flag on his head. He is usually very serious and strict with the tugs, but they are always respectful to him because of his authority-like figure. He shows that he cares for the tugs by disciplining them for their faults, and by counselling them for their mistakes. And like a father, he always has a gentle side to him, and is always there when the tugboats need his help the most.
Regular characters
A number of ships based in the Big Harbour appear as recurring characters. They include Phillip and Philmore the Ferry Twins, Pearl and Petra, the Pilot Boats, as well as Northumberland Submarine, Rebecca the Research Vessel, and Bluenose the Sailing Ship. A number of barges appear frequently, most notably the grumpy Guysborough the Garbage Barge and Barrington Barge as well as a few regular talking structures such as Benjamin Bridge and Donald Dock.
Visiting characters
Many visiting ships such as Kingston the Cargo Ship, Queen Stephanie the cruise ship, and Canso Colossus the supertanker appear in several episodes along with a large number of named visiting cargo ships and some rare special visitors such as Snorri the Viking Ship and Kulu the Canoe.
Episodes
The program's formula
Each episode always follows the same format within the series.
Opening sequence
The show always opens with the theme song, and the opening title dissolves into the Harbourmaster's office. The Harbourmaster is normally doing something or thinking about something, which prompts him to remember when one of the tugboats was involved in a similar scenario.
Main sequence
As the Harbourmaster starts telling the story, the camera shot dissolves into a shot of the tugs working somewhere, or getting their orders from the Dispatcher. In the first few minutes of the episode, the tugs encounter a problem, and they use their heads to solve it. "It is the classic three-act structure," said series creator Andrew Cochran, "Theodore encounters a problem, the problem gets worse, he solves the problem." Other times, the tugs have to conquer an emotional problem, such as not feeling good enough, or having to say goodbye to a friend. As each episode continues, the tugs resolve their problems, and life returns to normal in the Big Harbour.
Closing sequence
The scene again dissolves into a shot of the Harbourmaster's office, with the Harbourmaster deciding to pay attention to the lesson learned by the tugs. During this time, he sometimes communicates with the tugs through his office window (they reply with the sound of their whistles), plays his tuba, or listens to his friend Rodney playing bagpipes. The Harbourmaster finally says "Thanks for visiting us here in the Big Harbour, and we'll see you all again next time.", and the credits roll.
On the half-hour PBS series, following the first story, the Harbourmaster's goodbye is instead followed by a voice-over, reminding viewers to stay tuned for the next story, and prompting them to visit the PBS website.
Production
The series was filmed in the former Alexander McKay School on Russell Street in Halifax's North End, which Doherty (the Harbourmaster) had attended as a child. At the peak of production, the show employed forty people. The characters, including Theodore, were designed and built by Fred Allen, a Halifax artist and set designer who strove to balance expressive human faces with realistic and weathered industrial details. Allen and three model assistants built the models in a workshop adjacent to the large set located in a water-filled gymnasium. The radio controlled models were driven by propellers and used underwater wheels to provide guidance and avoid drifting out of shots. Blue food colour was used to give an ocean look to the water. While Allen built the vessel models, the background set, inspired by the cityscape of Halifax and Dartmouth buildings, was built by the art department at CBC Halifax. Many of the original models used to film the series can now be seen at Halifax's Maritime Museum of the Atlantic, while a few others were sold on eBay in 2010.
Real names and locations
The characters are loaded with references to Halifax Harbour, Nova Scotia, the Maritimes, and Atlantic Canada in general. Many of the references are obvious (such as Bedford buoy) while others are more obscure. The following is a list of other references:
The Big Harbour itself is modelled after Halifax Harbour, in Nova Scotia.
The tugs occasionally visit a fishing village called Ceilidh's Cove, which is loosely modelled from Peggys Cove, a real-life fishing community in Nova Scotia.
Some of the tugboat characters' V-names are derived from actual tugboats that operate in Halifax Harbour, including Point Vigour and Point Valiant.
Annapolis (a cargo ship) is named after Annapolis Royal in southwestern Nova Scotia.
Baddeck (the buoy boat) is named after the village of Baddeck, Nova Scotia
Barrington (the smallest barge) is likely named after the municipality of Barrington, Nova Scotia, which is located in the southwestern region of the province near Shelburne. He may have also gotten his name from one of Halifax's best-known streets, Barrington Street, which runs straight through the downtown core parallel to the harbour.
Bedford (the buoy by Willy's Island) is based on both the name (Bedford Basin), part of Halifax Harbour, and the former town of Bedford located at the head of the basin.
Blandford (the buoy at the harbour entrance) is named after the fishing community of Blandford, Nova Scotia, which later gained international fame as a base from which the rescue efforts of Swissair Flight 111 were carried out.
Bluenose (a sailing ship) is named after the famous racing schooner of the 1920s, the Bluenose. A replica of the "Bluenose", the "Bluenose II" sails as a promotional vessel for Nova Scotia. Bluenose is also the name of the naval tug in Tugs.
Bonavista (one of the barges) is named after the fishing town of Bonavista, located in the province of Newfoundland.
Brunswick Barge shares his name with both Brunswick Street in downtown Halifax and the province of New Brunswick
Cabot (the cargo ship) is named after the Cabot Trail, a highway that takes sight-seeres through the scenic mountainous regions of northern Cape Breton Island.
Canso Colossus (the supertanker) is named after the small fishing town of Canso, Nova Scotia on the southeast coast.
Caraquet (the container ship) shares her name with the town of Caraquet, New Brunswick, located on the shores of Chaleur Bay, in the Acadian Peninsula. "Caraquet" is a native Mi'kmaq word, meaning "junction (or meeting) of two rivers".
Chester (the container ship) gets his name from the seaside village of Chester, Nova Scotia.
Cobequid Cove (visited in the episode "The Dark and Scary Cove") shares its name with both the Cobequid Bay and the Cobequid Hills mountain range of mainland Nova Scotia. Cobequid is a proud, historic, and distinctly Nova Scotian name, derived from the native Mi'kmaq word "Wakobetgitk", meaning "end of the rushing or flowing water" (in reference to the Bay of Fundy).
Cumberland gets his name from Cumberland County, Nova Scotia, which is located in the province's northwest region.
Dartmouth (a visiting cable ship) is named after the former city of Dartmouth, Nova Scotia, which lies on the eastern shore of Halifax Harbour. Dartmouth's municipal government was amalgamated into the Halifax Regional Municipality in 1996, but the area still retains its original name.
Digby (the cable ship) is named after Digby, Nova Scotia, a seaside community on the northwest shore of Nova Scotia, famous for its scallop fishing.
Ecum Secum Circle (visited in the episode "Theodore's Big Decision") shares its name with the rural community of Ecum Secum, Nova Scotia, which is located along the shores of Ecum Secum Harbour. Named in the language of the Mi'kmaq, First Nations people, "Ecum Secum" translates to English as "a red house".
Fundy (the fishing boat) gets his name from the Bay of Fundy, the body of water that separates southern Nova Scotia from southern New Brunswick and eastern Maine, and is the body of water with the world's largest tides, that can exceed .
Guysborough (the garbage barge) is named after Guysborough County on the south shore of Nova Scotia.
Inverness (the cargo ship) gets her name from the community of Inverness, Nova Scotia, which is located on the west coast of Cape Breton Island.
Lunenburg (the lighthouse by Shipwreck Rock) is named after the port town of Lunenburg, Nova Scotia, which is where the original Bluenose was built and the Bluenose II calls home.
Margaree Pride (a container ship) shares her name with the communities of Upper, East, Northeast, and Southwest Margaree, Margaree Centre, Margaree Valley, Margaree Forks, Margaree Harbour, and the Margaree River, all in Inverness County, Nova Scotia.
Northumberland (the submarine) is named after the Northumberland Strait, a body of water that lies between New Brunswick, Nova Scotia mainland, and Prince Edward Island.
Pictou Peaks (a cluster of giant rocks poking up out of the water near the shallow shore). Seen in the episode "Emily Goes Overboard", The 'Pictou Peaks' share their name with the historic port Town of Pictou, located in Pictou County, Nova Scotia. It is believed the name is derived from the word "Piktook", which means "an explosion of gas" in the language of the local Mi'kmaq, First Nations people.
Pugwash (the little yellow mini-sub) shares her name with the fishing and salt mining village of Pugwash, Nova Scotia, located on the Northumberland Strait at the mouth of the Pugwash River. The village takes its name from the word "pagwe’ak", a native Mi'kmaq word meaning "deep water".
Seabright (the cargo ship) is named after the tiny community of Seabright, Nova Scotia, which is located southwest of Halifax.
Shediac (a supply shed at the shipyard dock) shares his name with the town of Shediac, New Brunswick, which holds the nickname "Lobster Capital of the World".
Shelburne (the giant sea-going barge) is named after the town of Shelburne, Nova Scotia, which lies on the southwest shore of the province.
Stewiacke (the salvage ship) gets his name from the town of Stewiacke, Nova Scotia, which is located halfway between the equator and the north pole. It was also the hometown of Fred Allen, the artist who designed and built the characters and set of Theodore Tugboat.
Truro (the fishing trawler) gets his name from the town of Truro, Nova Scotia, which is known as the Hub of Nova Scotia for its central location and historical importance to the province's railroad network.
It was also revealed in the episode "Hank's New Name" that Emily's middle name is Annapolis, after Annapolis County in northwest Nova Scotia.
Media
Theodore Tugboat VHS tapes
Canadian VHS tapes
The Canadian Theodore VHS tapes were made by Children's Group and PolyGram Video. They contained stickers of all the tugboats and two episodes.
The list
Theodore to the Rescue – "Theodore to the Rescue" and "Theodore and the Northern Lights"
Theodore's Whistle – "Theodore's Whistle" and "George's Ghost"
Theodore's Big Adventures – "Theodore and the Oil Rig" and "Hank and the Hug"
Whale of a Tug – "Whale of a Tug" and "Carla the Cool Cabin Cruiser"
Hank and the Nightlight – "Hank and the Nightlight" and "Theodore Hugs the Coast"
Theodore and the Harbour Crane – "Theodore and the Harbour Crane" and "Hank's Wheezy Whistle"
Theodore and the Treasure Team – "Northumberland is Missing" and "All Quiet in the Big Harbour"
Emily Goes Overboard – "Emily Goes Overboard" and "Dartmouth Says Goodbye"
US tapes
The US Theodore Tugboat tapes were released through PBS Home Video and Warner Home Video. Most of these tapes are common on online sites. They usually contain three episodes, with the exception of "Theodore's Big Adventure" with two, and "Theodore's Exceptional Friends" which has five, also containing a special handbook.
The list
Theodore's Big Adventure (July 29, 1997) (PBS version) – "Theodore and the Big Oil Rig", and "Hank and the Hug"
Big Harbour Bedtime (July 14, 1998) – "Emily and the Sleep Over", "Theodore's Bright Night", and "Foduck and the Shy Ship"
Theodore Helps a Friend (July 14, 1998) – "Theodore and the Hunt for Northumberland", "Bedford's Big Move", and Guysborough Makes a Friend"
Theodore's Friendly Adventures (July 14, 1998) – "Theodore and the Unsafe Ship", "A Joke too Far", and "Hank and the Sunken Ship"
Theodore's Exceptional Friends (October 26, 1999) – "Snorri the Viking Ship", "Guysborough's Garbage", "Hank Hurts a Ship", Theodore and the Ice Ship", and "Dartmouth Says Goodbye"
Nighttime Adventures (April 4, 2000) – "Night Shift", "Rebeca and the Big Snore", and "Hank Stays Up Late"
Underwater Mysteries (April 4, 2000) – "Theodore's Big Decision", "George and the Underwater Mystery", and "Pugwash is Gone!"
Theodore Tugboat DVDs
The Murphy's Company Store in Halifax has copies of some US releases on DVD. These include; Big Harbor Bedtime, Nighttime Adventures, and Theodore's Friendly Adventures. In 2007, 2 DVD volumes were released in Norway, Denmark, Sweden, and Finland. A DVD was released in The Netherlands in 2012, followed by a second volume in 2013.
Theodore Tugboat books
In a deal Cochran did with Random House in 1998, the following Theodore Tugboat books were published
Theodore and the Whale by Mary Man-Kong, illustrated by Bernat Serrat as part of the Please Read to Me series [9780679894216] Released March 16, 1999, Trade Paperback
Theodore and the Scary Cove by Mary Man-Kong as part of the Early Step Into Reading series [9780375805080 and 9780375905087] Released July 25, 2000, Trade Paperback and Library Binding
Theodore and the Treasure Hunt by Mary Man-Kong; illustrated by Francesc Mateu [9780375800863] Released December 10, 1999, Board Book
Theodore to the Rescue by Random House; illustrated by Ken Edwards as part of the Jellybean books series for preschoolers.[9780375803253] Released June 27, 2000
Theodore's Best Friend by Mary Man-Kong, illustrated by Ken Edwards as part of the Jellybean books series for preschoolers. [9780679894094 and 9780679994091] Released September 1, 1999, Hardcover
Theodore's Splash! by Mary Man-Kong, illustrated by Ken Edwards [9780679894100] Released February 16, 1999, A bath time book
Theodore's Whistle by Man-Kong, Mary [9780679894193] Released January 9, 1998, Trade Paperback
Theodore and the Stormy Day by Ivan Robertson, illustrated by Ken Edwards as part of the Jellybean books series for preschoolers. [9780375800764] Released July 20, 1999, Hardcover
Theodore's Birthday Surprise illustrated by Phil Gleaves as part of the Jellybean books series for preschoolers.[9780375802492] Released January 25, 2000, Hardcover
In the late 2000s Nimbus Publishing released a series of books featuring Theodore Too.
Theodore Too and the Too-Long Nap By Michelle Mulder; Illustrated By: Yolanda Poplawska [9781551095714] Published April 15, 2006
Theodore Too and the Shipwreck School By Michelle Mulder; Illustrated By: Yolanda Poplawska [9781551096094] Published June 8, 2007
Theodore Too and the Mystery Guest By Michelle Mulder; Illustrated By: Yolanda Poplawska [9781551096599] Published May 14, 2008
Theodore Too and the Excuse-Me Monster By Michelle Mulder; Illustrated By: Yolanda Poplawska [9781551098074] Published April 6, 2011
Merchandise
There were several tie-ins linked with the series. Notably, the producers, Cochran Entertainment, worked out a marketing deal with European toy manufacturer BRIO to produce wooden toy replicas of some of the main characters, as well as a line of scale die-cast models and bathtub toys manufactured by Ertl. The characters were retired in 2000. A set of squeezy toys were made by Alpi. Puzzles and games were made by International Playthings.
A life-sized replica of Theodore Tugboat (called Theodore Too) was constructed by the series producers in the late 1990s, that went on a fifty-city tour of harbours from Tampa, Florida, through the Great Lakes to Chicago, Illinois, and back again to Halifax. It resided in Halifax Harbour for 21 years.
In mid-2020, the touring company, Ambassatours Gray Line, announced plans to sell the replica boat for CAD$496,000. Response from the public was generally nostalgic and emotional, as many, especially haligonians who had not only grown up with the show, but with the boat as well. The boat was purchased in March 2021 by Blair McKeil. Theodore Too left Halifax harbour on June 10, 2021 for the Port of Hamilton, Hamilton, Ontario where it will be used to promote water conservation in the Great Lakes.
Theodore Tugboat merchandise can still be purchased from many on-line auction and shopping websites. Retail merchandise can also be purchased from the Theodore Tugboat Gift Shop, on the waterfront in downtown Halifax, near Theodore Too and the Maritime Museum of the Atlantic.
Theodore Tugboat toys/games
Ertl
Ertl released a number of Theodore Tugboat toys, including die-cast boats, a set of rubber boats that float, and a "Press'n Roll" series of plastic boats (where pressing the smokestack then releasing it makes the boat move).
Characters
Theodore
Emily
Foduck
Hank
George
Carla
Brunswick
The Great Ocean Dock Playset
Constance
Rebecca
Northumberland
Owan The Oil Rig Playset
Shelburne
Bayswater
Bobby
Bath Tub Toys
Theodore
Hank
Emily
George
Foduck
Northumberland
Guysborough
Pugwash
Digby
Changing Faces
Hank
Theodore
Press and Roll
Emily
Foduck
Sets
The Great Ocean Dock Playset (with Donald Dock and Brunswick)
Owan The Oil Rig Playset
Cancelled
Phillip
Sigrid
Filmore
Barrington
Oliver
BRIO
BRIO released many Theodore Tugboat toys for interaction with its toy trains. Other than the tugboats, Brio released Benjamin Bridge, Clayton the Crane, Chester the Container Ship, Barrington, Bonnavista, and the Dispatcher. The tugs and the Dispatcher feature moving eyes.
Characters Made
Theodore
Hank
Emily
George
Foduck
The Dispatcher
Barrington
Benjamin Bridge
Clayton
Chester
Sets
The Great Ocean Dock and Dispatcher
Cargo Docks Play Set and Bonnavista Barge
International Playthings
International Playthings released the Theodore Tugboat Cargo Game.
See also
Theodore Too, the life-size replica of Theodore Tugboat
Thomas & Friends, another show Robert Cardona worked on
Tugs (TV series), another show Robert Cardona worked on
References
External links
Theodore Too
Tugboats in fiction
Television shows set in Nova Scotia
Television shows filmed in Halifax, Nova Scotia
PBS original programming
CBC Kids original programming
1993 Canadian television series debuts
2001 Canadian television series endings
1990s Canadian children's television series
2000s Canadian children's television series
Television characters introduced in 1993
Canadian preschool education television series
1990s preschool education television series
2000s preschool education television series
PBS Kids shows
Television series by Universal Television
Canadian television shows featuring puppetry
DreamWorks Classics
Anthropomorphic vehicles | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Theodore%20Tugboat |
Holmes Run Acres is a community of 355 houses in Fairfax County, Virginia, in the Washington, D.C. suburbs. Nearly all of the neighborhood is within the Holmes Run Acres Historic District, listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
The first Fairfax County subdivision designed by architects Nicholas Satterlee and Francis D. Lethbridge, Holmes Run Acres influenced the architecture and site planning at nearby Pine Spring and elsewhere, including the Potomac Overlook and Carderock Springs historic districts in Montgomery County, Maryland.
Holmes Run Acres also includes Woodburn Elementary School, the Holmes Run Acres Recreation Association community pool, and Luria Park, a Fairfax County park that has been planned and maintained jointly by the county and local residents since the 1950s.
History
Holmes Run Acres was developed by brothers Gerald and Eli Luria, who offered the public "a unique opportunity to own a contemporary style home" in the Holmes Run stream valley. Eli Luria, who attended art school at the Corcoran School and UCLA, cited his introduction to Francis D. Lethbridge, and a 1939 speech by Frank Lloyd Wright, as the Lurias' inspiration to build modern homes. Architect Lethbridge cited Harvard architecture professor Walter Gropius and the Bauhaus movement as influences.
Holmes Run Acres houses were "individually positioned with regard to street, neighbors, terrain, [and] climate factors." Despite designing only a few basic house types—a cost-saving measure dictated by the builders—Satterlee and Lethbridge "attained [variety] by shifting the position of houses on the lots, putting carports in different positions... and by varying the street patterns." Meticulous site planning, including the architects' subdivision of the land into irregularly-sized and shaped lots, was "an important factor in the general attractiveness of Holmes Run Acres."
Homes in Holmes Run Acres were constructed in three phases between 1951 and 1960:
Luria Brothers Development - approximately 260 homes during 1951–52. Architects: Nicholas Satterlee and Francis D. Lethbridge
Gaddy & Gaddy Construction Company - 71 homes during 1954–55. Architects: Nicholas Satterlee and Francis D. Lethbridge
Andre Bodor - 15 units during 1957–60
The Luria brothers built their homes west of Executive Avenue, Gaddy built homes east of Executive Avenue, and Bodor built homes at the connection of Surrey Lane and Gallows Road.
The Southwest Research Institute's Housing Research Foundation awarded Holmes Run Acres its seal of approval in July 1951, praising the "frank expression of [exposed] post-and-beam construction" and the architects' consideration for the orientation and privacy of each home. In 1952 the foundation's merit award jurors, including Philip Johnson and Douglas Haskell, cited Homes Run Acres for an honorable mention—with first place awarded to builder Joseph Eichler, and California architects Anshen & Allen and Jones & Emmons, for their work on four pioneer Eichler subdivisions.
In the early 1950s Holmes Run Acres Civic Association organized construction of the first community swimming pool in Fairfax County and, in cooperation with the Fairfax County Park Authority, turned a dump site into Luria Park, the first neighborhood park in the county.
Woodburn School opened in 1953, with Holmes Run Acres residents responsible for preservation of trees and construction of the original playground and tennis courts at Woodburn. A year later, in the wake of the landmark Brown v. Board of Education ruling, the membership of the Woodburn PTA "stepped forward as the first school organization in [Fairfax] county to express formal approval of [school] integration."
Historic designation
Holmes Run Acres was listed on the Virginia Landmarks Register in December 2006, and on the National Register of Historic Places in March 2007. Holmes Run Acres is the first Mid-Century modern community in Virginia to be designated as a landmark/historic place.
The listed district is that included, in 2007, 291 contributing buildings, three contributing sites, and one other contributing structure.
See also
Cedar Lane Unitarian Universalist Church, designed by Keyes, Lethbridge, & Condon in association with Pietro Belluschi
Tiber Island Cooperative Homes, designed by Keyes, Lethbridge & Condon
List of memorials and monuments at Arlington National Cemetery, where Lethbridge was responsible for master planning and the design of the visitors' center
New Mark Commons, designed by Keyes, Lethbridge & Condon
Pope–Leighey House, a Frank Lloyd Wright house originally located in the Fairfax County section of Falls Church
Hollin Hills, pioneer Fairfax County subdivision designed by Charles M. Goodman
Vernon DeMars, Berkeley architect who hired Satterlee and Arthur Keyes, Jr. in the 1940s to work on Bannockburn, an early attempt at a co-op planned unit development in Montgomery County
Chloethiel Woodard Smith, architect and planner who shared an architecture practice with Keyes, Satterlee and Lethbridge, and office space with Woodburn Elementary architect Francis Palms, Jr.
Arthur Cotton Moore, worked for Satterlee & Smith
Hugh Newell Jacobsen, noted architect who designed six houses in the Truro section of Annandale and previously worked for Keyes, Lethbridge and Condon
Lake Barcroft, with planning by The Architects Collaborative and houses designed by Goodman, Gropius, Harry Ormston, Keyes, and Lethbridge
Reston, Virginia, a "new town" with early sections designed by Smith, Goodman, and James Rossant
Southwest Waterfront, site of Southwest D.C. urban renewal area designed in part by Smith, Goodman, I.M. Pei, and Keyes, Condon & Lethbridge
References
Further reading
External links
Holmes Run Acres Civic Association website
Fairfax County information on potential Holmes Run Acres Historic Overlay District
Holmes Run Acres (HRA) nomination form for National Register of Historic Places
Holmes Run Acres booklet on remodeling a HRA home
Houses on the National Register of Historic Places in Virginia
National Register of Historic Places in Fairfax County, Virginia
Geography of Fairfax County, Virginia
Washington metropolitan area
Modernist architecture in Virginia
Houses in Fairfax County, Virginia
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Virginia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holmes%20Run%20Acres |
Ostbevern is a municipality in the district of Warendorf, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
Geography
Ostbevern is situated on the river Bever, approx. 18 km north-east of Münster and 18 km north-west of Warendorf.
Neighbouring municipalities
Ostbevern borders Ladbergen, Lienen, Glandorf (in Lower Saxony), Warendorf, Telgte and Greven.
Division of the town
The municipality Ostbevern consists of the village Ostbevern, the district Brock and the surrounding farming land.
History
In 1088 Bevern was first mentioned in an official document under the name Beverne. Presumably in the 12th century the parish Bevern was split into Ostbevern and Westbevern (which is now part of Telgte).
During the Napoleonic Wars the municipality first fell to Prussia, then to Berg. Since 1810 it then belonged to the French Empire, until Ostbevern was assigned to prussia again at the Congress of Vienna. Since World War II Ostbevern lies in North Rhine-Westphalia.
Politics
Communal Politics
After the local elections of 2014, the 26 seats of the municipal council are distributed like this:
CDU: 13 seats
FDP: 4 seats
SPD: 5 seats
Green Party: 4 seats
Twin Towns
Ostbeverns twins the city Loburg in Saxony-Anhalt.
Economy
The economy in Ostbevern is characterized by agriculture and processing business. The FRIWO Group has its headquarters in Ostbevern.
Tourist attractions
The Ambrose-church consist of a big new part, built in 1962 a smaller gothic church built in the 16th century. Parts of the church steeple are from the 12th century.
Another beautiful sight is the moated castle Loburg, in which there is today an episcopal school.
People
Joseph Annegarn (1794-1843), catholic theologian and writer
Herman Koeckemann (1828-1892), catholic vicar apostolic of the Vicariate Apostolic of the Sandwich Islands
Wolfgang Riesinger (born 1951), long-distance runner
References
External links
Website of the municipality Ostbevern
Local heritage book Ostbevern
Friwo company website | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ostbevern |
Wadersloh () is a municipality in the district of Warendorf, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is situated approximately 10 km north-west of Lippstadt and 30 km east of Hamm. In it there is a grammar school which is named Gymnasium Johanneum. Wadersloh was the place of a bike race in 2008 with competitors from all over the world.
Mayors
Christian Thegelkamp was elected mayor in 2009 and reelected in 2014 and 2020.
References | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wadersloh |
Andrew Knott (born 22 November 1979) is a British actor. He is known for portraying Dickon Sowerby in 1993 film adaptation, The Secret Garden, based on the novel by Frances Hodgson Burnett, and as Henry Green in the television drama series, Where the Heart Is. He has also appeared in the sitcom, Gavin & Stacey as Dirtbox.
Life and career
Knott was born in Salford. His first acting was done in British television and radio programmes. He was trained in the Oldham Theatre Workshop. Knott's first major film was Warner Brothers' The Secret Garden in 1993, in which he played Dickon Sowerby. He went on to play Joe Green in Black Beauty. In the late 1990s, he played Darren Featherstone and Liam Shepherd in Coronation Street.
In 2004, he returned to theatre to act in Alan Bennett's The History Boys. The National Theatre production later toured the world, affording Knott his Broadway debut. He reprised his role on BBC radio, and in Bennett's film adaptation which was directed by the National's Nicholas Hytner. In 2011, he appeared in "The National Anthem", an episode of the anthology series Black Mirror.
Knott later appeared in the TV series Drop Dead Gorgeous, Gavin & Stacey and the BBC 3 drama series Spooks: Code 9 as Rob. Recently, he appeared in 1 episode of the LGBT miniseries Banana and he has guest starred on the BBC show Father Brown.
Credits
Awards and nominations
References
External links
English male child actors
English male film actors
English male radio actors
English male stage actors
English male television actors
1979 births
Living people
Male actors from Salford
20th-century English male actors
21st-century English male actors | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20Knott |
St. Andrew's Kirk is one of the oldest buildings in Georgetown, Guyana that has been continually in use for religious purposes. The Dutch Reformed congregation laid its foundations in 1811. However, due to financial difficulties it was acquired by Scottish Presbyterians and was formally opened for service on 28 February 1818.
It was the first church in Guyana built by Europeans in which slaves were allowed to worship. It is situated near the Parliament Building on the north eastern corner of Brickdam. During its bicentennial in 2018, then President David A. Granger remarked that the church was a "social microscope", as a monument to the city's colonial Dutch and British heritage, the first church to open its doors to enslaved Africans, and also as barracks for the Provisional Battalion deployed for suppressing the Demerara rebellion of 1823. A historic service was held to mark Emancipation on 1 August 1838, which was attended by then Governor Sir Henry Light and many Afro-Guyanese. The church established a school in 1841 and hosted public concerts and recitals.
Leadership
Rev. Oswald Allen Best was the first Guyanese minister serving from 1974 until his death in April, 2009. In September 2011, Reverend Maureen Massiah, was appointed. Massiah is the first female Minister elevated to the full status of Ordained Minister.
See also
St. George's Cathedral, Georgetown
Religion in Guyana
References
Churches in Guyana
Churches completed in 1818
Dutch Reformed Church buildings
Presbyterian churches in South America
Scottish diaspora
Buildings and structures in Georgetown, Guyana | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St.%20Andrew%27s%20Kirk%2C%20Georgetown |
Roman Vladimirovich Rasskazov (); born 28 April 1979 in Kovylkino, Mordovia) is a Russian race walker.
International competitions
See also
List of world records in athletics
References
1979 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Mordovia
Russian male racewalkers
Olympic male racewalkers
Olympic athletes for Russia
Athletes (track and field) at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Goodwill Games medalists in athletics
Competitors at the 2001 Goodwill Games
World Athletics Championships athletes for Russia
World Athletics Championships medalists
World Athletics Championships winners
World Athletics U20 Championships winners
Russian Athletics Championships winners
World record holders in athletics (track and field)
World record setters in athletics (track and field)
Goodwill Games gold medalists in athletics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%20Rasskazov |
Siebendörfer may refer to:
The German name of Săcele, a city in Romania
The German name of the Seven Villages, a historical region and former administrative district in Romania | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siebend%C3%B6rfer |
Internationalists may refer to:
Internationalism (politics), a movement to increase cooperation across national borders
Internationalism, a current within the socialist movement opposed to World War I
Our Favourite Shop, second album by The Style Council, released in the USA as Internationalists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internationalists |
Hamminkeln () is a town in the district of Wesel, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is situated on the river Issel, approximately 10 kilometers north of Wesel and 15 km south of Bocholt. It is twinned with Sedgefield, United Kingdom and the largest town in the district of Wesel.
The town is separated into the villages Ringenberg, Dingden, Mehrhoog, Brünen, Marienthal, Loikum and Wertherbruch.
The city has 3 major employers:
Thunderbike - A motorcycle manufacturer and well known customizer of Harley-Davidson
Max Bögl - A manufacturer of concrete parts for tunnels and bridges, who has worked on projects like Eurotunnel
Bonita - A big fashion brand in Germany
Hamminkeln has its own exit from the Bundesautobahn 3 which is used for many nearby larger cities.
Government
Hamminkeln has had nine mayors since 1946:
Willi Finke (1894–1953) was mayor and main administrative official for two months from 23 January 1946 to 15 March 1946.
Gustav Schippers (1882–1961) was mayor from 24 June 1946 to 13 January 1961. In this time there were three main administrative officials: Karlheinz Kürten (born 1915) from 15 March 1946 to 30 September 1946, Dr. Otto Weyer (1897–1969) from 1 October 1946 to 31 October 1953 and Josef Leeuw (1903–1976) from 21 December 1953 to 12 November 1965.
Albert Busch (1896–1973) from 27 March 1961 to 3 December 1970.
Adolf Bovenkerk (1933–2016) from 3 December 1970 to 31 December 1974.
Bernhard Hoffmann (1912–1979) was mayor until July 1979. In this time Erich Tellmann (1929–2011) was main administrative official from 1 January 1966 to 31 December 1974, and until July 1987 he was town manager.
Heinrich Meyers (1938–2000) was the next mayor from October 1979 to December 2000. From July 1987 to September 1999 Bruno Gerwers (born 1938) was the town manager.
Holger Schlierf (born 1954) was the first mayor without party affiliation (his predecessors having all been CDU members), from June 2001 to October 2015
The current mayor is Bernd Romanski (born 1959), a member of the SPD.
Gallery
References
Wesel (district) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hamminkeln |
Clive Walker (born 25 June 1957) is an English retired footballer. His playing career spanned some 1,000 league and cup games for Chelsea, Sunderland, Fulham and Brighton & Hove Albion before enjoying a renaissance in the Conference with Woking and Cheltenham Town.
Playing career
Chelsea
Walker was born in Oxford, England. He was an old-fashioned winger with pace who used to terrorise full backs on a weekly basis. He began his career with Chelsea, playing in the same side as the likes of Ray Wilkins. He first broke into the Chelsea team during the 1977–78 season, but they were in the Second Division for most of his time there. He nonetheless played a big role in several key matches for the club in this period.
He put in Man of the Match performances against European champions Liverpool in the FA Cup in 1978 and 1982 as the Blues pulled off two famous upsets; he scored twice in a 4–2 win in 1978 and set up a late clincher for Colin Lee in a 2–0 win in 1982. With Chelsea facing relegation to the Third Division in 1982–83, and with it potential financial meltdown, Walker also scored a late winner against fellow strugglers Bolton Wanderers in the penultimate game of the season to ensure the club's survival. In 1979, Chelsea sent him on loan to the Fort Lauderdale Strikers of the North American Soccer League.
Sunderland
Walker left Chelsea at the end of the 1983–84 season following a contract dispute, and signed for Sunderland. He returned to haunt his old side the following season in the League Cup, when the teams were drawn together in the semi-finals. In the second leg at Stamford Bridge, Walker inspired Sunderland to a 3–2 win, giving them a 5–2 aggregate lead, which provoked a near-riot; at one point a Chelsea fan entered the pitch and chased Walker. In the final at Wembley, however, Sunderland lost 1–0 to Norwich City, with Walker missing a penalty when he hit his shot against the post.
Coaching career
After retiring from professional football, Walker became player-manager of Molesey.
He currently works as an analyst for the radio station BBC London 94.9 and is a co-director of Sporting Experience with Jason Cundy.
He also makes appearances on Chelsea TV.
Records
Walker currently holds the record for the oldest player to play for his last club, Cheltenham Town.
Honours
Woking
FA Trophy: 1993–94, 1994–95, 1996–97
Cheltenham Town
FA Trophy: 1997–98
Conference: 1998–99
References
NASL stats
1957 births
Living people
English men's footballers
English expatriate men's footballers
Brighton & Hove Albion F.C. players
Chelsea F.C. players
Fort Lauderdale Strikers (1977–1983) players
Fulham F.C. players
North American Soccer League (1968–1984) players
Queens Park Rangers F.C. players
Sunderland A.F.C. players
Woking F.C. players
Cheltenham Town F.C. players
Molesey F.C. players
Footballers from Oxford
Brentford F.C. non-playing staff
Men's association football midfielders
Molesey F.C. managers
English expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Expatriate men's soccer players in the United States
English football managers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clive%20Walker%20%28footballer%2C%20born%201957%29 |
George Burnham (December 28, 1868 – June 28, 1939) was a banker and Republican politician from San Diego, California. He served two terms in the United States House of Representatives from 1933 to 1937.
Biography
Burnham was born 1868 in London, England, to James and Maria Ann Burnham.
He immigrated in 1881 to the United States with his parents, who settled in Spring Valley, Minnesota.
He attended public schools in London and Minnesota.
Burnham worked as a clerk 1884–1886, then moved to Jackson, Minnesota, in 1887 where he entered the retail shoe business.
In 1901 he moved to Spokane, Washington, and worked in real estate and ranching.
Burnham moved to San Diego in 1903 and continued to work in real estate with his brother John, until 1917 when he took up banking.
Burnham was active in public affairs.
Burnham was one of the organizers of the Panama-California Exposition in 1909, serving as vice president from 1909 to 1916.
He was also member of the Honorary Commercial Commission to China in 1910, member of the San Diego Library Commission 1926–1932, a member of the San Diego Scientific Library 1926–1932, and vice president of the California-Pacific International Exposition 1935–1936.
Burnham married Neva May Ashley on October 1, 1890, and they had six children, Harold, Percy, Helen, Laurence, Virginia, and Ben. After she died, he married Florence Kennett Dupee.
Congress
Burnham was elected to the 73rd Congress in 1932, and reelected in 1934, serving as Representative for Imperial and San Diego counties.
He worked to expand Navy presence in San Diego.
In 1936, he drew up bills to add 365,000 acres (1460 km2) of federal land in the Carrizo and Vallecito areas to the newly created Anza-Borrego Desert State Park.
Later career and death
In 1936 he did not run again and retired in San Diego, where he lived until his death in 1939.
Burnham is interred in the Greenwood Cathedral Mausoleum, in Greenwood Memorial Park.
Further reading
Biography, pp. 221–222; includes portrait.
External links
Biography (San Diego Historical Society). Based on biography in Heilbron (above)
(U.S. Congress)
1868 births
1939 deaths
Businesspeople from San Diego
Politicians from San Diego
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from California
English emigrants to the United States
Burials at Greenwood Memorial Park (San Diego)
People from Spring Valley, Minnesota
People from Jackson, Minnesota
People from Spokane, Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Burnham |
The women's slalom was contested on Wednesday, 22 February. Janica Kostelić led in the slalom World Cup with 460 points, and was also defending World and Olympic champion, but she finished 0.15 seconds behind Marlies Schild for the 4th place. Anja Pärson got her first Olympic gold medal.
Results
Complete results for the Women's Slalom event at the 2006 Winter Olympics.
References
External links
Official Olympic Report
Slalom | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alpine%20skiing%20at%20the%202006%20Winter%20Olympics%20%E2%80%93%20Women%27s%20slalom |
InterActual Player, known originally as PC Friendly, was a media player for Microsoft Windows and Mac OS X, included on some DVDs with movie files. In addition to providing DVD playback control it makes available extra material on some DVDs, including commentaries, pop-up notes, synchronized screenplays and games. It requires existing DVD player software, which it embeds in the interface for playing the actual DVDs.
Details
InterActual Player software automatically displays an installation dialog when a user inserts a DVD containing it into the DVD-ROM Drive. If the user chooses to install InterActual Player it becomes the default DVD player and creates a shortcut on the desktop and a link to the InterActual website. It also asks the user to supply information voluntarily and allow usage data to be sent over the Internet. InterActual Player can also be accessed by the internet.
As of January 2017, the service has been permanently shut down.
References
External links
Official site
Analysis of data Interactual sends when it calls home
Allegations of bundling spyware
Old versions of InterActual Player on Wayback Machine
Last version of InterActual Player for Windows
Windows media players
Software DVD players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/InterActual%20Player |
German Anatolyevich Skurygin (; September 15, 1963 – November 28, 2008) was a Russian race walker. He was born in Vutno.
He originally won a gold medal at the 1999 World Championships, but later lost it due to doping. He was suspended from 1999 to 2001. Like dozens of other elite Russian race walkers suspended for doping, he was coached by Viktor Chegin. He died of a heart attack at 45.
International competitions
See also
List of doping cases in athletics
References
1963 births
2008 deaths
Russian male racewalkers
World Athletics Championships medalists
Athletes stripped of World Athletics Championships medals
Russian Athletics Championships winners
Russian sportspeople in doping cases
Doping cases in athletics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/German%20Skurygin |
Antonio Gala Velasco (2 October 1930 – 28 May 2023) was a Spanish poet, playwright, novelist, and writer.
Life and career
Antonio Ángel Custodio Gala y Velasco was born on 2 October 1930 in Brazatortas, Ciudad Real (Castile-La Mancha), although he moved very soon to Córdoba and is widely considered an Andalusian.
A graduate in law, philosophy, politics, and economics, he wrote in a wide variety of genres, including journalism, short stories, essays and television scripts. He was awarded several prizes, not only within the field of poetry but also for his contributions to theatre and opera.
Gala's work is more appreciated by his readership than by the critics, who find it hard to classify due to its particular blend of lyricism and epic. Gala's literature is marked by historic issues, which are used more to lighten the present than to deepen in the past.
Among his most successful plays are Los verdes campos del Edén (The Green Fields of Eden, National Theatre Prize "Calderón de la Barca" 1963), Anillos para una dama (Rings for a Lady, 1973), ¿Por qué corres, Ulises? (Why do you run, Ulysses?, 1975), Petra Regalada (1980), Samarkanda (1985), Carmen, Carmen (1988) and La truhana (The rogue, 1992).
Among his collections of poetry are Sonetos de La Zubia (La Zubia Sonets), Poemas de amor (Love Poems), Testamento Andaluz (Andalusian Will), Enemigo íntimo (Intimate Enemy, Adonais Prize 1959), and El Águila Bicéfala (Two-Headed Eagle, 1994).
Gala started to write novels late in life, but he obtained an overwhelming success with El manuscrito carmesí (The Crimson Manuscript, Planeta Prize 1990), La regla de tres (The Rule of Three, 1996) and La pasión turca (Turkish Passion, 1993), adapted for the cinema by Spanish director Vicente Aranda and Más allá del Jardín (Beyond the Garden, 1995), adapted by Pedro Olea.
He was also the founder of the Antonio Gala Foundation in the city of Córdoba, Spain.
Gala died in Córdoba on 28 May 2023, at age 92.
Political views
During the Spanish transition to democracy (1976 to the early 1980s) Gala publicly defended leftist political viewpoints while not linked to a specific political party. In 1978 he called for a statute of autonomy for Andalusia.
In 1981 he was named president of the Spanish–Arab Friendship Association, and fulfilled this role for the first years of existence of this association.
Gala was the president of the civic platform that defended the "no" to Spain's permanence in NATO, in the 1986 referendum. In July 2014, during Israel's military operation in Gaza, Gala was accused of antisemitism because of an article published in the newspaper El Mundo with the following quote:
No matter what the Jews call their civil or military leaders, they end up creating problems for everyone: it is ancient history. Now it is Gaza's turn to suffer their abuses [...] It's not strange that they have been so frequently expelled. What is surprising, is that they persist. Either they are not good, or someone is poisoning them. I am not a racist.
The Comunidad Judía de Madrid (Jewish Community of Madrid) filed a lawsuit against him for discrimination, incitement to hatred and insult to the feelings of the members of a religious community and slander.
See also
Café Gijón (Madrid)
References
External links
Antonio Gala's Official Site
Some poems by Gala
1930 births
2023 deaths
20th-century Spanish dramatists and playwrights
20th-century Spanish LGBT people
20th-century Spanish male writers
20th-century Spanish novelists
20th-century Spanish poets
21st-century Spanish dramatists and playwrights
21st-century Spanish LGBT people
21st-century Spanish male writers
21st-century Spanish novelists
21st-century Spanish poets
Bisexual dramatists and playwrights
Bisexual novelists
Bisexual poets
People from Ciudad Real
Spanish bisexual people
Spanish LGBT dramatists and playwrights
Spanish LGBT novelists
Spanish LGBT poets
Spanish male dramatists and playwrights
Spanish male novelists
Spanish male poets | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Antonio%20Gala |
Kamp-Lintfort () is a town in Wesel District, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is located north-west of Moers.
Notable people
Jacob Wiener (1815-1899), medallist and engraver.
Adolf Storms (1919–2010), member of the Waffen-SS and war criminal
Brigitte Asdonk (born 1947), founding member of the Red Army Faction
Twin towns – sister cities
Kamp-Lintfort is twinned with:
Edremit, Turkey
Żory, Poland
Chester-Le-Street, England
Cambrai, France
Climate
Köppen-Geiger climate classification system classifies its climate as oceanic (Cfb). It lies within the Rhine-Ruhr area which is characterized by having the warmest winters in Germany.
References
Towns in North Rhine-Westphalia
Wesel (district) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kamp-Lintfort |
Portrait of the Goddess is the second studio album by American metalcore band Bleeding Through. The album was released on April 30, 2002 through Indecision Records.
Tracks "Just Another Pretty Face", "Turns Cold to the Touch", "III Part 2" and "I Dream of July" first appeared on their debut album Dust to Ashes and the band decided to re-record the tracks for this album.
Track listing
Personnel
Scott Danough – guitar
Brian Leppke – guitar
Brandan Schieppati – vocals
Mick Morris - Bass
Molly Street – keyboard
Derek Youngsma – drums
Greg Koller – producer, engineer, mastering
Dave Mandel – layout design
Mike Milford – layout design
References
Bleeding Through albums
Indecision Records albums
2002 albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Portrait%20of%20the%20Goddess |
A food safety agency or food administration or Food Safety Authority is a government agency responsible for ensuring the safety, quality, and proper labeling of food products within a country or region. These agencies play a crucial role in protecting public health by establishing and enforcing regulations and standards to ensure that food produced, imported, processed, distributed, and sold is safe for consumption.
Examples of Food Administrations around the world include the United States Food and Drug Administration (FDA), the European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA), and the Swedish Food Agency (Livsmedelsverket). Each agency operates within its respective jurisdiction and collaborates with other national and international organizations to promote and maintain food safety globally.
Food safety agencies by country
North America
United States
The Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition, the branch of the United States Food and Drug Administration that regulates food, dietary supplements, and cosmetics,
The Food and Drug Administration (United States), an agency of the United States Department of Health and Human Services responsible for protecting and promoting public health through the regulation and supervision of food safety, tobacco products, dietary supplements, medications, vaccines, biopharmaceuticals, blood transfusions, medical devices, electromagnetic radiation emitting devices, veterinary products, and cosmetics,
The Food Safety Commission, a commission directed in 2002 to be established in the United States to report to the President and Congress on enhancing the food safety system,
The United States Food Administration, the responsible agency for the administration of the Allies' food reserves during the United States' participation in World War I.
Canada
The Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) is responsible for the overseeing of food, animals, and plants. The CFIA also are concerned with the health and well-being of Canadians, the economy and the environment. The health and safety of Canadians is top priority for the CFIA which is why they collaborate with industry, consumers, federal, provincial, and municipal organizations in efforts to try to protect Canadians from food related health-risks and diseases. The CFIA website also includes a list of recalls from items that could potentially cause health-risks and diseases to Canadians. The CFIA is also transparent with its information, data, reports, and publications to Canadian citizens.
The CFIA are also fair, strategic, consistent, and transparent in their approach regarding the enforcement of policies to ensure that the delivery of its mandate is effective. There are three policy objectives: increased awareness of compliance and enforcement by the CFIA, consistent implementation of regulatory control and enforcement of the procedures set by the CFIA, and increased compliance by the regulated parties to the legislation managed by the CFIA. The CFIA has a variety of acts and regulations such as: the Agriculture and Agri-Food Administrative Monetary Penalties Act, Canadian Food Inspection Agency Act, Feeds Act, Fertilizers Act, Food and Drugs Act, Health of Animals Act, Plant Breeders' Rights Act, Plant Protection Act, Safe Food for Canadians Act, and the Seeds Act.
South America
Argentina
The National Food Safety and Quality Service, an independent agency of the Argentine government.
Asia
People's Republic of China
The State Food and Drug Administration, the agency of the government of the Peoples Republic of China in charge of comprehensive supervision of the safety management of food, health food, and cosmetics, and the competent authority for drug regulation.
Singapore
In Singapore Food Administration in terms of Food safety is controlled for the Gastronomy in Singapore by the National Environment Agency (NEA). Goods which are imported/exported to the Little red dot are regulated/controlled by Agri-Food and Veterinary Authority of Singapore (AVA).
India
Food Safety and Standards Authority of India (FSSAI) is an autonomous body established under the Ministry of Health & Family Welfare, Government of India. The organisation is responsible for protecting and promoting public health through the regulation and supervision of food safety.
Australia and New Zealand
The Food Standards Australia New Zealand, the governmental body responsible for developing food standards for Australia and New Zealand.
The New Zealand Food Safety Authority, the New Zealand government body responsible for food safety and the controlling authority for imports and exports of food and food-related products.
Europe
European Parliament and European Union
The Committee on the Environment, Public Health and Food Safety, a committee of the European Parliament responsible for environmental policy and environmental protection measures, public health, and food safety issues,
The European Food Safety Authority, an agency of the European Union that provides independent scientific advice and communication on existing and emerging risks associated with the food chain
Ireland and Northern Ireland
The Food Safety Authority of Ireland is responsible for the enforcement of food safety regulations and standards in the Republic of Ireland,
The UK Food Standards Agency has jurisdiction in Northern Ireland,
The Food Safety Promotion Board, the body responsible for the promotion of food safety in the Republic of Ireland and Northern Ireland
Netherlands
The Ministry of Agriculture, Nature and Food Quality (Netherlands), a ministry of the government of the Netherlands responsible for agriculture, fisheries, natural conservation, open-air recreation and national parks, food safety, and rural development.
Norway
The Norwegian Food Safety Authority, a Norwegian government agency responsible for safe food and drinking water; human, plant, fish, and animal health; environmentally friendly production and ethically acceptable farming of animals; cosmetics; medicines; and the inspection of animal health personnel.
Sweden
The National Food Administration (Sweden), a Swedish government agency that is the central supervisory authority for matters relating to food and drinking water.
United Kingdom
The Food Standards Agency, a non-ministerial department of the Government of the United Kingdom responsible for protecting public health in relation to food.
United Nations and World Health Organization
The Joint FAO/WHO Expert Committee on Food Additives, a scientific expert committee jointly run by the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization and the World Health Organization.
See also
Agriculture ministry, a ministry or other government agency charged with agriculture. The ministry is often headed by a minister for agriculture.
Fisheries management, draws on fisheries science in order to find ways to protect fishery resources so sustainable exploitation is possible.
Food quality, the quality characteristics of food that is acceptable to consumers.
Food safety, a scientific discipline describing handling, preparation, and storage of food in ways that prevent foodborne illness.
List of non-profit food safety organisations
References
Food law | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Food%20administration |
Ivano Brugnetti (born 1 September 1976 in Milan) is an Italian former race walker.
Biography
Brugnetti won five medals, at individual level, in international athletics competitions. He participated at three editions of the Summer Olympics (2000, 2004, and 2008) and earned 22 caps in the national team from 1997 to 2008.
Achievements
National titles
Brugnetti is a seven-time winner at the Italian Athletics Championships.
4 wins in the 10,000 m walk (1999, 2006, 2008, 2009)
2 wins in the 20 km walk (2003, 2004)
1 win in the 5000 metres walk indoor (2001)
See also
FIDAL Hall of Fame
Italy at the European Race Walking Cup - Multiple medalists
Italian all-time lists - 20 km walk
Italian all-time lists - 50 km walk
References
External links
1976 births
Living people
Athletes from Milan
Italian male racewalkers
Olympic athletes for Italy
Olympic gold medalists for Italy
Athletes (track and field) at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2004 Summer Olympics
World Athletics Championships athletes for Italy
World Athletics Championships medalists
Athletics competitors of Fiamme Gialle
Olympic gold medalists in athletics (track and field)
Mediterranean Games gold medalists for Italy
Mediterranean Games medalists in athletics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2001 Mediterranean Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 2009 Mediterranean Games
World Athletics Championships winners
21st-century Italian people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ivano%20Brugnetti |
Tailevu South Fijian Provincial Communal is a former electoral division of Fiji, one of 23 communal constituencies reserved for indigenous Fijians. Established by the 1997 Constitution, it came into being in 1999 and was used for the parliamentary elections of 1999, 2001, and 2006. (Of the remaining 48 seats, 23 were reserved for other ethnic communities and 25, called Open Constituencies, were elected by universal suffrage). The electorate covered the southern areas of Tailevu Province.
The 2013 Constitution promulgated by the Military-backed interim government abolished all constituencies and established a form of proportional representation, with the entire country voting as a single electorate.
Election results
In the following tables, the primary vote refers to first-preference votes cast. The final vote refers to the final tally after votes for low-polling candidates have been progressively redistributed to other candidates according to pre-arranged electoral agreements (see electoral fusion), which may be customized by the voters (see instant run-off voting).
In the 1999 and 2006 elections, one candidate won with more than 50 percent of the primary vote; therefore, there was no redistribution of preferences.
1999
2001
2006
Sources
Psephos - Adam Carr's electoral archive
Fiji Facts | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tailevu%20South%20%28Fijian%20Communal%20Constituency%2C%20Fiji%29 |
Neukirchen-Vluyn () is a town in the district of Wesel, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is situated approximately 5 km west of Moers, and 15 km north of Krefeld.
Mayors
Mayors since 1836:
1836–1875 Gustav Haarbeck
1875–1923 Hermann Haarbeck
1923–1928 Dr. Baehr
1928–1945 Erich Neumann (NSDAP)
1945–1946 Wilhelm Schneider (appointed by military government)
1946–1950 Tillmann Bongardt (CDU)
1950–1952 Oskar Kühnel (SPD)
1952–1956 Johann Kaiser (SPD)
1956–1963 Oskar Kühnel (SPD)
1963–1975 Gerhard Haastert (CDU)
1975–1989 Oskar Böhm (SPD)
1989–1994 Kornelia Kuhn (CDU)
1994–1999 Peter Wermke (SPD) (last voluntary Mayor)
1999–2009 Bernd Böing (parteilos) (first full-time Mayor)
2009–2020 Harald Lenßen (CDU)
since 2020 Ralf Köpke (SPD)
Population development
Number of inhabitants as of December, 31
Economy
The Trox Group has its headquarters in Neukirchen-Vluyn. There are other large businesses in town: Arinox, MEDA, Pionier Absaugtechnik, Schwing Technologies, LED Linear, Ornua.
Sights
Mills, typically to those found in the Netherlands, from the 18th and 19th century, colonies of cole minings as well as the water castle Bloemersheim are witnesses of Neukirchen-Vluyn's history. Historical city tours and the local museum display the influence of agriculture and mining on the development of the town. The museum is located in the cultural hall "Kulturhalle", where one can enjoy exhibitions of art and live music on a regular basis. The classical concerts in the courtyard of the castle are further a constant in Neukirchen-Vluyn's entertainment schedule. For recreation, the town offers various trails for horseback riding and hiking as well as a golf court.
Twin towns – sister cities
Neukirchen-Vluyn is twinned with:
Buckingham, England, United Kingdom
Mouvaux, France
Ustroń, Poland
Notable people
Karl-Heinz Florenz (born 1947), politician (CDU), since 1989 member of the European Parliament
Christopher Lutz (born 1971), chess grandmaster
Kostas Mitroglou (born 1988), Greek footballer; grew up here
References
External links
Wesel (district) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neukirchen-Vluyn |
Bathimpact (stylised as "bathimpact") is the student newspaper for the University of Bath Students' Union, England.
History and format
Student Impact was created from the merger of two former publications at the University of Bath, Spike and Sponge. Sponge was the University of Bath Students' Union paper which had been running for the previous 30 years, while Spike was a student-run magazine concentrating mainly on film, music and book reviews. In December 1999, following controversy over an article in Sponge entitled "How to stuff your bird at Christmas", the Students' Union took the decision to stop the publication of Sponge. Spike had been struggling from a lack of contributors and funding for some time. The Students' Union Media and Communications Officer, Peter Secchi, together with founding Editor Arthur Lewis, put out the first issue of Student Impact on February 14, 2000.
On February 22, 2010, just over a decade after the paper was created, it was relaunched and rebranded as "Bathimpact".
The paper runs on a fortnightly basis, with a print run of 2,000.
The newspaper was originally split into seven sections, News, Opinion, Features, International, Science, Entertainments and Sport. It is produced on a voluntary basis by the 10 editors and over 100 contributors. In November 2010 the Bathimpact team decided to alter the newspaper by combining the Features and Entertainment section into a 16-page magazine-style insert called 'bite' (Bathimpact lite). 'bite' covers features, food, fashion, film, literature, theatre, music, technology and puzzles.
Student Media awards
The online site for Student Impact, impact Online (created by Ben Braine), was shortlisted in 2003 for the Student Website of the year award at the Guardian Student Media Awards. In the same year the Impact team scooped the "Student Activity of the Year Award" at their own University of Bath Students' Union's Societies Awards.
University awards
Since 1994, the University of Bath has been awarding The Chancellor's Prize to the best final year student at the university. In 2004, this was awarded to Tom Vincent, a previous editor in chief. The following year, Heather Mackenzie, a former sports editor for the paper, took the award.
In 2008, it was awarded to Jack Mitchell, the editor in chief at the time. Part of the information released by the university stated "As Editor-in-Chief of the Students' Union newspaper Impact and contributor to the general management of the Students' Union, he was acknowledged to have played an important part in the general life of the University."
References
External links
Student newspapers published in the United Kingdom
University of Bath
Newspapers established in 1999
Biweekly newspapers published in the United Kingdom
Free newspapers
Newspapers published in Somerset
1999 establishments in England | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bathimpact |
Rheinberg () is a town in the district of Wesel, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is situated on the left bank of the Rhine, approx. north of Moers and south of Wesel.
It comprises the municipal districts of Rheinberg, Borth, Budberg, and Orsoy.
History
Rheinberg, is first documented in 1003, came into the possession of the archbishops of Cologne in the 11th century. After the town rights of Rheinberg had been granted to Archbishop Heinrich von Molenark in 1233, the construction of a city fortification began. This was initially only made of wood, but was replaced at the end of the 13th century by basalt, among other things. Almost at the same time, around 1293, the construction of the electoral palace and the customs tower called the Powder Tower, northeast of the city center, began.
Explosion of the Powder Tower in 1598, in which large parts of Rheinberg, the castle and the associated Old Waiter's Shop were destroyed
The castle was surrounded by a moat and had four towers and two drawbridges. The main bridge led to the city, the other to the outbuildings. The waiter's shop was also built there in 1573 (Alte Kellnerei) It served as a grainstore for the income of the Amt Rheinberg and was used in the western part as a stables, but initially also as a dwelling of Salentin von Isenburg.
In October 1598, during the siege of Rheinberg by the Spaniards under Francisco de Mendoza, an explosion occurred in the Powder Tower, destroying large parts of the city and castle. Only parts of the winery and a tower have been preserved. Due to further battles, the Old Winery could not be taken up until 1627. It was fundamentally rebuilt. The western section was extended to two and a half floors as the apartment of the respective Schultheiß and waiter as well as the Electorate of Cologne officials, increasingly also the fortress governors, and equipped with larger window openings. The eastern part was given two floors and was now the armoury. Both wings were separated by a massive gable wall. At that time, the winery's bleaching groundswere also located on the grounds of the winery. Military activities were also pursued on these, so there was training and temporarily soldiers' quarters were also on the square.
During the Dutch Revolt (1566–1648), Rheinberg became known as the whore of the war since it was captured and retaken so many times by competing belligerents. First taken in 1590, then 1597, 1599, 1601, 1606 and finally where Prince Rupert of the Rhine gained his first military experience fighting alongside the Protestant Frederick Henry, Prince of Orange in 1633.
A century later the Battle of Rheinberg was fought on 12 June 1758, during the Seven Years' War.
It is the location of a Commonwealth War Graves Commission cemetery, where 3,327 Commonwealth servicemen of the Second World War are buried or commemorated. The majority of those now buried in the cemetery were airmen re-interred from German cemeteries after the war. The men of the other fighting services buried there mostly lost their lives during the Battle of the Rhineland to the Elbe.
Economy
Rheinberg is the site of a Amazon.com fulfilment warehouse. Rheinberg is also home to Underberg, one of the most famous liquor producers in Germany.
Twin towns – sister cities
Rheinberg is twinned with:
Hohenstein-Ernstthal, Germany
Montreuil, France
Notable people
Samuel Gluckstein (1821–1873), founder of Salmon & Gluckstein tobacco merchants
Franz Bücheler (1837–1908), philologist
Klaus Zumwinkel (born 1943), former Chairman of the Board of Management of Deutsche Post AG
Brigitte Mohnhaupt (born 1949), former member of the Red Army Faction
Kurt Bodewig (born 1955), politician (SPD), former Federal Minister of the Interior
(born 1967), cultural sociologist and author
Isabell Werth (born 1969), equestrian and world champion in dressage, studied here
Claudia Schiffer (born 1970), model and actress
Nadine Hentschke (born 1982), athlete
Gallery
References
External links
Towns in North Rhine-Westphalia
Populated places on the Rhine
Wesel (district) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rheinberg |
Darrow School is a co-educational college-preparatory school for boarding and day students in grades 9-12 and PG. It is located in New Lebanon, New York.
History
Darrow opened in the fall of 1932 as the Lebanon School for Boys. In 1938 the president Charles S. Haight died, and C. Lambert Heyniger purchased the school, becoming its headmaster and treasurer. Heyniger was a Princeton alumnus who had taught as a missionary in China and then pursued graduate study at Columbia University before joining General Motors. After buying the school he renamed it in the Shaker tradition, after a family prominent among the religious colony. Heyniger redesigned parts of the campus and reorganized personnel and policy.
In 1963, three Darrow students set a fire and destroyed the century-old dining hall and fire leveled the 156-year-old gymnasium. Both fires threatened dormitories housing 175 pupils. The boys had hoped school officials would send all the pupils home until repairs were made.
Campus
The campus is situated on the original site of the Mount Lebanon Shaker Village, a National Historic Landmark. It spans over 365 acres of land, with 26 buildings, tennis courts, playing fields, ponds, orchards, pastures, marshlands, and a vast forest.
Student body
The school currently enrolls 110 students from across the United States and countries such as Dominica, China, United Arab Emirates, Vietnam, and South Korea.
Athletics
Student participate in a number of competitive and non-competitive sports:
Fall
Cross-country
Soccer
Outdoor education
Mixed martial arts
Winter
Girls varsity basketball
Boys varsity basketball
Boys prep basketball
Alpine
Spring
Lacrosse
Softball
Outdoor education
Esports
Traditions
The strong visual traces of Shaker austerity stand in contrast with the modern and less conventional morés of some affluent students raised in such different moral settings. In an interview, teacher Ed Noggle stated that a fascination with ghosts resulted. "These young people," Noggle says, "are very much of this world, very sensual, sexual beings. It has always been a matter of 'Ha, ha, what would the Shakers do if they could see all this? They'd roll over in their graves.'"
Notable alumni
Charles "Pete" Conrad, Jr., Apollo 12 commander and third man to walk on the moon, Class of 1949
Chris "Mad Dog" Russo, radio personality, Class of 1978
Sam Harper, screenwriter of Cheaper by the Dozen and Cheaper by the Dozen 2. Class of 1974
August François von Finck, German businessman
Christopher Lloyd, actor
William H. Hudnut III, mayor of Indianapolis
Donald Cushing McGraw, Jr., businessman, Class of 1943
References
External links
Private high schools in New York (state)
Schools in Columbia County, New York
Educational institutions established in 1932
1932 establishments in New York (state)
Mount Lebanon Shaker Society | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darrow%20School |
Voerde ([]) is a town in the district of Wesel, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is situated on the right bank of the Rhine, approximately south-east of Wesel, and 20 km north of Duisburg.
City structure
According to art. 1(3) of the Main Charter of the town, the municipal area is divided into the 11 quarters of Götterswickerhamm, Löhnen, Mehrum, Möllen, Voerde, Stockum, Holthausen, Friedrichsfeld, Emmelsum, Spellen and Ork. These quarters are, however, not localities in the sense of article 39 of the North Rhine-Westphalian Municipal Code (GO NW).
History
Voerde owes its name to a ford crossing of a branch of the River Rhine, which existed there during Roman and Frankish times (the old spelling for Furt was Fuerdt). In 1244, the town was mentioned in records for the first time as a fiefdom and castle of the abbey of Werden. In 1804, during the time of the French occupation, Voerde was integrated into the Amt Götterswickerhamm, which was renamed to Voerde in 1911.
During World War II, the 9th US-Army crossed the Rhine in the night of 23 to 24 March 1945 in the area of Voerde and reached the right Rhine-bank for the first time (Operation Plunder).
Since 1975 Voerde is part of the district of Wesel.
Buildings and constructions
Pylons of Voerde
Haus Voerde: Moated castle
Haus Wohnung: Moated castle
Politics
At the last communal-election in Voerde the SPD became the strongest party. The incumbent mayor is Dirk Haarmann (SPD).
Twin towns – sister cities
Voerde is twinned with:
Alnwick, England, United Kingdom
Handlová, Slovakia
Transport
Voerde Main Station is located in the town centre at the railway track Oberhausen-Arnhem. A second station, Voerde-Friedrichsfeld, is located 4 km northern.
Important waterways, the Rhine and the Wesel-Datteln-channel, cross Voerde's area.
Sports
There are 11 shooting clubs, 2 Tennis clubs and a riding club in Voerde.
The most important sport club is the TV Voerde.
Education
There are 7 elementary schools, one gymnasium, one comprehensive school, one secondary school and one school for mentally handicapped pupils.
Notable people
Karl Topp (1895–1981), naval officer in World Wars I and II
Heike Schulte-Mattler (born 1958), athlete, Olympic medalist
References
Towns in North Rhine-Westphalia
Wesel (district) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Voerde |
Freistadt is a town in Upper Austria.
Freistadt may also refer to:
Freistadt, Wisconsin, a community in Wisconsin, USA
Free City of Danzig (Freie Stadt Danzig), Poland
Fryštát, a town in the Czech Republic (German: Freistadt)
Frysztak, Poland (German: Freistadt)
Hlohovec, town in Slovakia (Freistadt an der Waag)
See also
Freistatt
Freistaat
Freiburg (disambiguation)
Freiberg (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freistadt%20%28disambiguation%29 |
Daniel Plaza Montero (born 3 July 1966) is a Spanish former race walker who competed in the 20 km event at the 1988, 1992 and 1996 Olympics. He won a gold medal in 1992 in his native Barcelona, becoming the first Spanish track & field athlete ever to win an Olympic gold medal.
Overturned drugs ban
In 2006 Plaza was cleared of a Nandrolone related drug ban by Spain's Supreme Court
References
1966 births
Athletes (track and field) at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Living people
Spanish male racewalkers
Athletes from Catalonia
Olympic athletes for Spain
Olympic gold medalists for Spain
Athletes from Barcelona
European Athletics Championships medalists
Olympic gold medalists in athletics (track and field)
Mediterranean Games bronze medalists for Spain
Mediterranean Games medalists in athletics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1987 Mediterranean Games
Medalists at the 1992 Summer Olympics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel%20Plaza |
Lieutenant General Gerard Corfield Bucknall, (14 September 1894 – 7 December 1980) was a senior British Army officer who served in both the First and Second World Wars. He is most notable for being the commander of XXX Corps during the Normandy landings and the subsequent Battle of Normandy which followed in the summer of 1944.
Early life and First World War
Gerard Bucknall was born on 14 September 1894 in Rock Ferry, Cheshire, England, the son of Harry Corfield Bucknall and Alice Frederica Oakshotta. He was educated at Repton School and West Downs School. Entering the Royal Military College, Sandhurst in 1913, Bucknall was commissioned as a second lieutenant into the Middlesex Regiment on 25 February 1914.
During the First World War Bucknall, promoted to the temporary rank of lieutenant on 5 October 1914 (made permanent on 11 December 1914), served with the 1st Battalion, Middlesex in France and Belgium with some distinction, in particular during the Battle of the Somme on 25 August 1916 where he took command of the battalion and was awarded the Military Cross (MC). The citation for the MC reads:
From 6 June 1917 he served as a brigade major with the 114th Brigade, part of the 38th (Welsh) Division, until war's end, and in 1918 he was awarded a Bar to his MC and mentioned in despatches.
Between the wars
During the interwar period Bucknall served initially with his old battalion in Germany, the Egyptian Army (Egypt was then de facto part of the British Empire). He then returned to the 1st Middlesex and remained with the battalion until he attended the Staff College, Camberley from 1928 to 1929. His fellow students there included John Harding, Gerald Templer, Richard McCreery, Gordon MacMillan and Alexander Galloway. After returning to his regiment he was made a GSO3 at the War Office from 21 January 1931, until 30 August 1932, when he returned to the Royal Military College, Sandhurst, to command a company of gentlemen cadets.
Bucknall was promoted to brevet lieutenant colonel on 1 January 1936, and attended the Royal Naval College, Greenwich. From 13 March 1937 until 12 April 1939 he served as an instructor at the Royal Military College of Canada, taking over from Gordon MacMillan, where he came into contact with some of the Canadian generals of the next war, such as Harry Crerar, the college Commandant, and E. L. M. Burns and Guy Simonds, both fellow instructors. He returned to the United Kingdom in 1939 and became CO of the 2nd Battalion, Middlesex Regiment. He was only with the battalion for a few short months, however, before receiving promotion to colonel on 1 August (with seniority backdating to 1 January 1939) and being made an Assistant Quartermaster-General at the War Office.
Second World War
Bucknall was still in this post by the outbreak of the Second World War, in September 1939, by the time the British Expeditionary Force (BEF) left for France. He then commanded the 138th Infantry Brigade and, promoted to acting major general on 29 July 1941, was appointed General Officer Commanding (GOC) 53rd (Welsh) Infantry Division, taking over from Major General Bevil Wilson. His rank of major general was made temporary on 29 July 1942. He was promoted to the acting rank of lieutenant general on 12 September 1942 and succeeded Lieutenant General John Crocker as GOC XI Corps in East Anglia. He held this command until April 1943 when he succeeded Lieutenant General Frederick Morgan as GOC of I Corps, which was earmarked as an assault formation for the invasion of Normandy. With the 3rd Canadian Division and the British 3rd and 49th (West Riding) Infantry Divisions, along with, under command, I Corps . He was made a Companion of the Order of the Bath (CB) on 2 June 1943.
Frustrated at training troops and wishing to command them in battle in an overseas theatre of war, he requested demotion in rank, to temporary major general, so he could command a division. Sent to the Mediterranean theatre, his chance came on 3 August 1943 when he became GOC of the 5th Infantry Division in succession to Major-General Horatio Berney-Ficklin, who had been in command for over three years. The division was then fighting in Sicily, which had been invaded the month before by the Allies, and was serving as part of the British Eighth Army, commanded by General Sir Bernard Montgomery, who had been one of Bucknall's instructors at the Staff College. Bucknall led the division during the final stages of the campaign in Sicily, followed in September by the Allied invasion of Italy and in the early stages of the Italian campaign, including in the First Battle of Monte Cassino in January 1944. His rank of major general was made permanent on 21 December 1943.
Bucknall's relatively brief performance under his command had sufficiently impressed Montgomery, who in late December 1943 returned to the United Kingdom to take command of the 21st Army Group, and when he was chosen to command Operation Overlord, the Allied invasion of Normandy, he appointed Bucknall to command XXX Corps – Bucknall took command on 27 January 1944, and was made an acting lieutenant general. On 11 March his rank of lieutenant general was made temporary. The Chief of the Imperial General Staff (CIGS), Field Marshal Sir Alan Brooke, believed Bucknall to be unsuitable for command at that level.
In August 1944 Bucknall was sacked, due to the relatively poor performance of XXX Corps (see Operation Perch) and replaced by Lieutenant General Brian Horrocks. Montgomery conceded that it had been a mistake to appoint him and, in November 1944, Bucknall revert to his permanent rank of major general and was given command of Northern Ireland, a post he held until his retirement from the army on 4 March 1948. He was granted the honorary rank of lieutenant general.
Postwar
In 1952 Bucknall was given the colonelcy of the Middlesex Regiment, a position he held until 1959. He died at the age of 86 on 7 December 1980 in a nursing home in Chegworth.
References
Bibliography
External links
Generals of World War II
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1894 births
1980 deaths
Academics of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst
British Army generals of World War II
British Army personnel of World War I
Companions of the Order of the Bath
Deputy Lieutenants of Middlesex
Graduates of the Royal Military College, Sandhurst
Graduates of the Royal Naval College, Greenwich
Graduates of the Staff College, Camberley
Lord-Lieutenants of Middlesex
Middlesex Regiment officers
People educated at Repton School
People educated at West Downs School
Recipients of the Military Cross
Academic staff of the Royal Military College of Canada
War Office personnel in World War II
Military personnel from Cheshire
British Army lieutenant generals | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerard%20Bucknall |
Itchen Valley is a civil parish in the English county of Hampshire. Forming part of the City of Winchester district, it comprises the villages of Avington, Easton, Itchen Abbas and Martyr Worthy, with a population of 1,267 at the time of the 2001 Census. increasing at the 2011 Census to a population of 1,459.
It is to the northeast of Winchester and takes its name from the River Itchen. The parish is crossed by the M3 motorway, and contains Winchester services. The main West–east route through the parish is the B3047. East bound from Winchester the B3047 enters the parish at Worthy Park and exits it at a point approx. 300m East of Rectory Lane, Itchen Abbas. It is located near to the civil parishes of Itchen Stoke and Ovington and New and Old Alresford.
Largely rural in character, much of the parish is in both the South Downs National Park and the East Hampshire Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty, and is crossed by several designated walking paths and riding routes including the Itchen Way, King's Way, Pilgrims' Way, St. Swithun's Way, South Downs Way, Three Castles Path and Oxdrove Way.
Governance
Itchen Valley Parish Council has eleven councillors who hold various portfolios concerning the local area. Itchen Valley is part of the Hampshire County Council Ward of the same name, which has larger borders and also includes settlements such as Alresford. The ward has been represented by Jackie Porter since 2005, who was most recently reelected in 2017. As part of Winchester City Council is forms part of Alresford and Itchen Valley ward, which since 2016 has had three councillors. As of the 2019 election, these are:
References
External links
Parish website
Map of parish boundaries
Civil parishes in Winchester
Villages in Hampshire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Itchen%20Valley |
Montoro is a municipality of Spain belonging to the province of Córdoba, Andalusia. Housing lies on a bend of the river Guadalquivir, which envelopes from West, North, and East.
Overview
It is located about east-northeast of the capital of the province, Córdoba. In 2008, the city had an estimated population of 9,895, with 4,897 men and 4,998 women.
Montoro is identified with Roman Epora, a civitas foederata belonging to the Conventus Cordubensis in the early Republican era, which became a municipium in the time of Augustus. It is mentioned as the seat of an Islamic fortress (Ḥiṣn Muntur) belonging to the Kūra of Córdoba in the 10th century.
Twin towns
Antigua Guatemala (Guatemala)
Rambouillet (France)
See also
List of municipalities in Córdoba
References
External links
Economic and population data
Municipalities in the Province of Córdoba (Spain)
Roman towns and cities in Spain | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montoro |
During the Renaissance, great advances occurred in geography, astronomy, chemistry, physics, mathematics, manufacturing, anatomy and engineering. The collection of ancient scientific texts began in earnest at the start of the 15th century and continued up to the Fall of Constantinople in 1453, and the invention of printing allowed a faster propagation of new ideas. Nevertheless, some have seen the Renaissance, at least in its initial period, as one of scientific backwardness. Historians like George Sarton and Lynn Thorndike criticized how the Renaissance affected science, arguing that progress was slowed for some amount of time. Humanists favored human-centered subjects like politics and history over study of natural philosophy or applied mathematics. More recently, however, scholars have acknowledged the positive influence of the Renaissance on mathematics and science, pointing to factors like the rediscovery of lost or obscure texts and the increased emphasis on the study of language and the correct reading of texts.
Marie Boas Hall coined the term Scientific Renaissance to designate the early phase of the Scientific Revolution, 1450–1630. More recently, Peter Dear has argued for a two-phase model of early modern science: a Scientific Renaissance of the 15th and 16th centuries, focused on the restoration of the natural knowledge of the ancients; and a Scientific Revolution of the 17th century, when scientists shifted from recovery to innovation.
Context
During and after the Renaissance of the 12th century, Europe experienced an intellectual revitalization, especially with regard to the investigation of the natural world. In the 14th century, however, a series of events that would come to be known as the Crisis of the Late Middle Ages was underway. When the Black Death came, it wiped out so many lives it affected the entire system. It brought a sudden end to the previous period of massive scientific change. The plague killed 25–50% of the people in Europe, especially in the crowded conditions of the towns, where the heart of innovations lay. Recurrences of the plague and other disasters caused a continuing decline of population for a century.
The Renaissance
The 14th century saw the beginning of the cultural movement of the Renaissance. By the early 15th century, an international search for ancient manuscripts was underway and would continue unabated until the Fall of Constantinople in 1453, when many Byzantine scholars had to seek refuge in the West, particularly Italy. Likewise, the invention of the printing press was to have great effect on European society: the facilitated dissemination of the printed word democratized learning and allowed a faster propagation of new ideas.
Initially, there were no new developments in physics or astronomy, and the reverence for classical sources further enshrined the Aristotelian and Ptolemaic views of the universe. Renaissance philosophy lost much of its rigor as the rules of logic and deduction were seen as secondary to intuition and emotion. At the same time, Renaissance humanism stressed that nature came to be viewed as an animate spiritual creation that was not governed by laws or mathematics. Only later, when no more manuscripts could be found, did humanists turn from collecting to editing and translating them, and new scientific work began with the work of such figures as Copernicus, Cardano, and Vesalius.
Important developments
Alchemy
Alchemy is the study of the transmutation of materials through obscure processes. Although it is often viewed as a pseudoscientific endeavor, many of its practitioners utilized widely accepted scientific theories of their times to formulate hypotheses about the constituents of matter and the ways matter could be changed. It is sometimes described as an early form of chemistry. One of the main aims of alchemists was to find a method of creating gold and other precious metals from the transmutation of base materials. A common belief of alchemists was that there is an essential substance from which all other substances formed, and that if you could reduce a substance to this original material, you could then construct it into another substance, like lead to gold. Medieval alchemists worked with two main elements or "principles", sulphur and mercury.
Paracelsus was an alchemist and physician of the Renaissance. The Paracelsians added a third principle, salt, to make a trinity of alchemical elements.
Astronomy
The astronomy of the late Middle Ages was based on the geocentric model described by Claudius Ptolemy in antiquity. Probably very few practicing astronomers or astrologers actually read Ptolemy's Almagest, which had been translated into Latin by Gerard of Cremona in the 12th century. Instead they relied on introductions to the Ptolemaic system such as the De sphaera mundi of Johannes de Sacrobosco and the genre of textbooks known as Theorica planetarum. For the task of predicting planetary motions they turned to the Alfonsine tables, a set of astronomical tables based on the Almagest models but incorporating some later modifications, mainly the trepidation model attributed to Thabit ibn Qurra. Contrary to popular belief, astronomers of the Middle Ages and Renaissance did not resort to "epicycles on epicycles" in order to correct the original Ptolemaic models—until one comes to Copernicus himself.
Sometime around 1450, mathematician Georg Purbach (1423–1461) began a series of lectures on astronomy at the University of Vienna. Regiomontanus (1436–1476), who was then one of his students, collected his notes on the lecture and later published them as Theoricae novae planetarum in the 1470s. This "New Theorica" replaced the older theorica as the textbook of advanced astronomy. Purbach also began to prepare a summary and commentary on the Almagest. He died after completing only six books, however, and Regiomontanus continued the task, consulting a Greek manuscript brought from Constantinople by Cardinal Bessarion. When it was published in 1496, the Epitome of the Almagest made the highest levels of Ptolemaic astronomy widely accessible to many European astronomers for the first time.
The last major event in Renaissance astronomy is the work of Nicolaus Copernicus (1473–1543). He was among the first generation of astronomers to be trained with the Theoricae novae and the Epitome. Shortly before 1514 he began to revive Aristarchus's idea that the Earth revolves around the Sun. He spent the rest of his life attempting a mathematical proof of heliocentrism. When De revolutionibus orbium coelestium was finally published in 1543, Copernicus was on his deathbed. A comparison of his work with the Almagest shows that Copernicus was in many ways a Renaissance scientist rather than a revolutionary, because he followed Ptolemy's methods and even his order of presentation. Not until the works of Johannes Kepler (1571–1630) and Galileo Galilei (1564–1642) was Ptolemy's manner of doing astronomy superseded.
Mathematics
The accomplishments of Greek mathematicians survived throughout Late Antiquity and the Middle Ages through a long and indirect history. Much of the work of Euclid, Archimedes, and Apollonius, along with later authors such as Hero and Pappus, were copied and studied in both Byzantine culture and in Islamic centers of learning. Translations of these works began already in the 12th century, with the work of translators in Spain and Sicily, working mostly from Arabic and Greek sources into Latin. Two of the most prolific were Gerard of Cremona and William of Moerbeke.
The greatest of all translation efforts, however, took place in the 15th and 16th centuries in Italy, as attested by the numerous manuscripts dating from this period currently found in European libraries. Virtually all leading mathematicians of the era were obsessed with the need for restoring the mathematical works of the ancients. Not only did humanists assist mathematicians with the retrieval of Greek manuscripts, they also took an active role in translating these work into Latin, often commissioned by religious leaders such as Nicholas V and Cardinal Bessarion.
Some of the leading figures in this effort include Regiomontanus, who made a copy of the Latin Archimedes and had a program for printing mathematical works; Commandino (1509–1575), who likewise produced an edition of Archimedes, as well as editions of works by Euclid, Hero, and Pappus; and Maurolyco (1494–1575), who not only translated the work of ancient mathematicians but added much of his own work to these. Their translations ensured that the next generation of mathematicians would be in possession of techniques far in advance of what it was generally available during the Middle Ages.
It must be borne in mind that the mathematical output of the 15th and 16th centuries was not exclusively limited to the works of the ancient Greeks. Some mathematicians, such as Tartaglia and Luca Paccioli, welcomed and expanded on the medieval traditions of both Islamic scholars and people like Jordanus and Fibonnacci. Giordano Bruno was one to critique the works of the ancients, like Aristotle, who he believed to have a flawed logic and developed a mathematical doctrine for the computation of partial physics, with Bruno attempting to transform theories of nature.
Medicine
With the Renaissance came an increase in experimental investigation, principally in the field of dissection and body examination, thus advancing our knowledge of human anatomy. The development of modern neurology began in the 16th century with Andreas Vesalius, who described the anatomy of the brain and other organs; he had little knowledge of the brain's function, thinking that it resided mainly in the ventricles. Understanding of medical sciences and diagnosis improved, but with little direct benefit to health care. Few effective drugs existed, beyond opium and quinine. William Harvey provided a refined and complete description of the circulatory system. The most useful tomes in medicine, used both by students and expert physicians, were materiae medicae and pharmacopoeiae.
Geography and the New World
In the history of geography, the key classical text was the Geographia of Claudius Ptolemy (2nd century). It was translated into Latin in the 15th century by Jacopo d'Angelo. It was widely read in manuscript and went through many print editions after it was first printed in 1475. Regiomontanus worked on preparing an edition for print prior to his death; his manuscripts were consulted by later mathematicians in Nuremberg.
The information provided by Ptolemy, as well as Pliny the Elder and other classical sources, was soon seen to be in contradiction to the lands explored in the Age of Discovery. The new discoveries revealed shortcomings in classical knowledge; they also opened European imagination to new possibilities. Thomas More's Utopia was inspired partly by the discovery of the New World.
See also
Continuity thesis
The Copernican Question
Renaissance magic
Renaissance technology
Notes
References
Dear, Peter. Revolutionizing the Sciences: European Knowledge and Its Ambitions, 1500–1700. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 2001.
Debus, Allen G. Man and Nature in the Renaissance. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1978.
Grafton, Anthony, et al. New Worlds, Ancient Texts: The Power of Tradition and the Shock of Discovery. Cambridge: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press, 1992.
Hall, Marie Boas. The Scientific Renaissance, 1450–1630. New York: Dover Publications, 1962, 1994.
External links
Renaissance science and technology at Britannica.com
Renaissance
Science | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Science%20in%20the%20Renaissance |
Iskut is a small, mostly Indigenous community in the Stikine Country of northwestern British Columbia. It is located on Highway 37, at the north end of Eddontenajon Lake just south of Dease Lake and the crossing of the Stikine River.
Community
Iskut is the home of Iskut First Nation, a group of the Tahltan people, which also includes the communities of Dease Lake and Telegraph Creek. Two bands comprise the Tahltan Nation, the Iskut First Nation and the Tahltan First Nation or Tahltan Indian Band. Iskut Indian Reserve No. 6 and Kluachon Lake Indian Reserve No. 1 are the two formal Indian reserves in the vicinity.
Klappan Independent Day School, the Iskut First Nation Band Office and the Iskut Valley Health Services building are the primary public service amenities. Shopping and gas can be purchased at Kluachon Center.
Location
Iskut is located at the 407 km mark on Highway 37 and is approximately 6–7 hours from both Terrace and Smithers and within 9 hours drive from Whitehorse, Yukon.
Recreation
Recreational activities in the area include fishing at any of the lakes of the Iskut Chain Lakes, which include, moving south to north, Nadatadasleen Lake, Kinaskan Lake, Tattoga Lake, Eddontenajon Lake and Kluachon Lake. Snowmobiling and ATVing are very popular activities for locals of the area.
Resource Development
The opening of Highway 37 through the Iskut area has supported new resource development. Ongoing mining and energy projects include the Red Chris copper and gold mine, and the Volcano Creek hydroelectric project.
Coal-bed methane conflict
Iskut is well known for the protracted disagreement over the use of the area for resource extraction. The rapid expansion of mining throughout the area has given rise to much controversy over the level of consultation given to local First Nations' people. Of particular public interest has been Royal Dutch Shell's plans for coalbed methane extraction on the Klappan Plateau, the Tahltan people's traditional hunting and trapping territory.
Klappan has been named the Sacred Headwaters because it forms the headwaters of several significant salmon rivers, including the Skeena, Spatsizi and Stikine rivers. The Spatsizi Plateau region has occasionally called the "Serengeti of the North" due to the diversity and number of different species that call the area home. The controversy over Sacred Headwaters is also further complicated by the different levels of Tahltan government.
The Tahltan Central Council (TCC) speaks for the entire Tahltan First Nation but between the three significant communities, some people feel that TCC does not fairly represent the feelings of all communities equally. At the forefront of the battle over the Sacred Headwaters is a group of Iskut First Nation members called the "Klabona Keepers".
See also
Todagin Wildlife Management Area
References
Unincorporated settlements in British Columbia
Populated places in the Regional District of Kitimat–Stikine
Tahltan
Stikine Country | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iskut |
Joseph James Cheeseman (March 7, 1843 – November 12, 1896) was the 12th president of Liberia. Born at Edina in Grand Bassa County, he was elected three times on the True Whig ticket. Cheeseman was educated at Liberia College (now University of Liberia).
Presidency (1892–1896)
Economy
In the decades after 1868, escalating economic difficulties weakened the state's dominance over the coastal indigenous population. Conditions worsened, as the cost of imports was far greater than the income generated by exports of coffee, rice, palm oil, sugarcane, and timber. Liberia tried desperately to modernize its largely agricultural economy.
Territorial conflicts
In 1892, the French forced Liberia to cede to the Ivory Coast the area beyond Cape Palmas which Liberia had long controlled. President Johnson (1884–92) was responsible for this negotiation but retired before the treaty was signed.
The boundaries of Liberia were beginning to be officially established from this year onwards.
Whenever the British and French seemed intent on enlarging at Liberia's expense the neighboring territories they already controlled, periodic appearances by U.S. warships helped discourage encroachment, even though successive American administrations rejected appeals from Monrovia for more forceful support.
Ethnic uprisings
Some tribal people living in the hinterland of Montserrado County and further north were at war since the mid-1880s and would stay at war until the late 1890s. On the one hand there was a war between Gola and Mandingo over trading routes in the region, while various factions of the Gola were fighting with each other too.
Ethnic struggles with the Kru, Gola, and Grebo tribe who resented incursions into their territory occurred several times during Cheeseman's reign. Cheeseman initially attempted to settle tribal conflicts by peaceful negotiations. One notable uprising occurred in 1893 when the Grebo tribe attacked the settlement of Harper. Troops and the gunboat Gorronomah were sent to defeat the tribesmen.
Death
President Cheeseman died in office on November 12, 1896, and vice president William David Coleman served the remainder of the term and well as another four years until 1900. Cheeseman was interred at the City Cemetery of Monrovia.
See also
History of Liberia
References
External links
see History of Liberia, external links
Americo-Liberian people
Presidents of Liberia
1843 births
1896 deaths
Burials in Liberia
University of Liberia alumni
True Whig Party politicians
People from Grand Bassa County
19th-century Liberian politicians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20James%20Cheeseman |
Cruciferous vegetables are vegetables of the family Brassicaceae (also called Cruciferae) with many genera, species, and cultivars being raised for food production such as cauliflower, cabbage, kale, garden cress, bok choy, broccoli, Brussels sprouts, mustard plant and similar green leaf vegetables. The family takes its alternative name (Cruciferae, Neo-Latin for "cross-bearing") from the shape of their flowers, whose four petals resemble a cross.
Ten of the most common cruciferous vegetables eaten by people, known colloquially in North America as cole crops and in the UK, Ireland and Australia as brassicas, are in a single species (Brassica oleracea); they are not distinguished from one another taxonomically, only by horticultural category of cultivar groups. Numerous other genera and species in the family are also edible. Cruciferous vegetables are one of the dominant food crops worldwide. They are high in vitamin C and soluble fiber and contain multiple nutrients and phytochemicals.
List of cruciferous vegetables
Extensive selective breeding has produced a large variety of cultivars, especially within the genus Brassica. One description of genetic factors involved in the breeding of Brassica species is the Triangle of U.
Further relationships inside the family Brassicaceae can be described by tribes, a grouping of genera (see ). Armoracia, Barbarea, and Nasturtium belong to the tribe Cardamineae; Brassica, Sinapis, Diplotaxis, Eruca, and Raphanus belong to Brassiceae; Lepidium belongs in Lepidieae; and finally Wasabia (Eutrema) belongs in Eutremeae.
Research
According to an umbrella review of 41 systematic reviews and meta-analyses of 303 observational studies, there is suggestive evidence for beneficial associations in gastric cancer, lung cancer, endometrial cancer, and all-cause mortality.
Cancer
Cruciferous vegetables contain glucosinolates, which are under research for their potential to affect cancer. Glucosinolates are hydrolyzed to isothiocyanates (ITCs) by myrosinase. ITCs are being investigated for their chemopreventive and chemotherapeutic effects.
Drug and toxin metabolism
Chemicals contained in cruciferous vegetables induce the expression of the liver enzyme CYP1A2.
Alliaceous and cruciferous vegetable consumption may induce glutathione S-transferases, uridine diphosphate-glucuronosyl transferases, and quinone reductases all of which are potentially involved in detoxification of carcinogens such as aflatoxin. High consumption of cruciferous vegetables has potential risk from allergies and interference with drugs such as warfarin and genotoxicity.
Taste
People who can taste phenylthiocarbamide (PTC), which is either bitter or tasteless, are less likely to find cruciferous vegetables palatable due to the resemblance between isothiocyanates and PTC.
Contraindications
Although cruciferous vegetables are generally safe for human consumption, individuals with known allergies or hypersensitivities to a certain Brassica vegetable, or those taking anticoagulant therapy, should be cautious.
References
Vegetables
Brassicaceae | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cruciferous%20vegetables |
Freistadt (, literally "Freetown") is a small Austrian town in the state of Upper Austria in the region Mühlviertel. With a population of approximately 7,500 residents, it is a trade centre for local villages. Freistadt is the economic centre of a district of the same name District Freistadt. The nearest sizeable cities are Linz, the capital of Upper Austria, about 40 km in the south, and České Budějovice, the capital of Southern Bohemia, about 60 km in the north.
History
The area surrounding Freistadt came under the dominion of the Bavarian Duchy in the seventh century.
Freistadt was founded before 1220. The Babenberg Duke Leopold VI passed through the area in 1225. The earliest mention of Frienstat is in a document from 1241, but in 1277, Rudolf von Habsburg referred to Vreinstat in another document. Its position separated the Habsburg and Bohemian lands, and it stood at crossroads of the valuable salt and iron trade route, which had operated from prehistoric times through the Middle Ages. The outer and inner walls, towers and gates of the old city, built mainly between 1363 and 1393, still exist today.
Freistadt suffered French incursions in 1805 and 1809, during the Napoleonic Wars. Since 1918, Freistadt has been part of Bundesland Upper Austria. Following the Anschluss with Germany on 13 March 1938, the locality was part of Gau Oberdonau but in 1945 was restored to Bundesland Upper Austria.
Notgeld
Like many municipalities of Upper Austria, Freistadt issued Notgeld for collectors in 1920.
Population
Tourism
The main entrance to the Old Town is through the Linzer Tor (Linz Gate). The spacious Hauptplatz (main square) is surrounded by painted fronts of renovated burghers' houses. On the highest point of Freistadt stands the parish church of St Catherine (14th-15th century, remodelled in Baroque style in 1690 and rebuilt in Gothic style in 1967); note in particular the interlaced ribbed vaulting in the roof of the choir. At the northeastern corner of the square a gateway leads to the 14th century Schloss Freistadt, with a 50m/165 ft high keep which now houses the Mühlviertler Schlossmuseum, a local museum with a large collection of verre églomisé (glass decorated with a layer of engraved gold). Outside the Böhmertor (Bohemian Gate) stands the little 15th century Liebfrauenkirche with beautiful "pillars of light" of 1484.
References
External links
Official Webpage of Freistadt (German only)
Tourist Information
Cities and towns in Freistadt District | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freistadt |
Hünxe () is a municipality in the district of Wesel, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany. It is part of the Rhine-Waal euroregion
Geography
Hünxe is located approximately 10 km east of Wesel and 9 km north of Dinslaken. The neighbouring municipalities are: Schermbeck, Dorsten, Bottrop, Dinslaken, Voerde, Wesel und Hamminkeln.
The most part of the municipality belongs to the natural park Hohe Mark. The river Lippe and the Wesel–Datteln Canal cross the municipality.
Area
The municipality of Hünxe spans over an area of 106,80 km². It is divided into the six subdivisions of Hünxe, Bruckhausen, Bucholtwelmen, Drevenack, Gartrop-Bühl and Krudenburg.
People
Rainer Keller (1965-2022), German politician (SPD)
Alfred Grimm (born 1943), German artist
References
External links
Wesel (district) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H%C3%BCnxe |
Tocuyo de la Costa is a town located in Falcón State, Venezuela, near the beaches of Parque National Morrocoy. Located on the banks of Tocuyo River, about 4.64 miles from its mouth in the Caribbean Sea, in the Autonomous Municipality Monsignor Iturriza on the east coast of Falcón State, Venezuela, near the Cuare Wildlife Refuge and Morrocoy National Park.
First Settlers
It is thought that the first settlers were the indigenous tribe of Mapubares because the Mission Indians Mapubares were established on the hills near the towns of El Alto and Santa Rosa. Until a few years ago the ruins of the settlements could have been seen. There may have also been Aboriginal settlements on the small hills near the town of La Villa, San Juan de los Cayos. As time passed, the aboriginal people mixed with the Spanish colonists and slaves brought from Africa. Subsequently, European immigrants, primarily from Spain and Italy, established themselves in the area.
In Raíces de Pueblo, written by Professor Jose Antonio Zabala Zambrano, it is noted that the population of San Miguel River Tocuyo (as it was called) started in 1560, based on the following facts. When the cathedral was constructed in Coro (1583-1637), the wood that was used for this purpose was taken from the surrounding mountains. The wood was thrown to the river, then later, with the ocean currents, carried around de la Vela de Coro or the dunes. In the year 1561, the Captaincy organized a small army that left in pursuit of Coro Tirano Aguirre. When they were quartered in the town of San Miguel de Rio Tocuyo, they were informed that Lope de Aguirre had been settled in the area Barquisimeto. Then, from this same population, those government troops returned to the city of Coro. Ramon Rivero, chronicler of the municipality concerned stated: "Just one year after the discovery of the coast of the new world strong in 1498, comes another expedition of Spaniards commanded by Don Alonso de Ojeda. Supporting among others Juan de la Cosa and Amerigo Vespucci. This expedition began its journey from east to west on our shores starting in the Sea of Pearls from the Paria peninsula and the island of Hawaii. After crossing the Gulf Sad, the climbers arrive at a beautiful bay that called attention to poderosamente the security offered by their calm waters.
Populated places in Falcón | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tocuyo%20de%20la%20Costa |
Chumming (American English from Powhatan) is the blue water fishing practice of throwing meat-based groundbait called "chum" into the water in order to lure various marine animals (usually large game fish) to a designated fishing ground, so the target animals are more easily caught by hooking or spearing. Chums typically consist of fresh chunks of fish meat with bone and blood, the scent of which attracts predatory fish, particularly sharks, billfishes, tunas and groupers. In the past, the chum contents have also been made from "offal", the otherwise rejected or unwanted parts of slaughtered animals such as internal organs.
In Australia and New Zealand, chum is referred to as burley, berley or berleying. In the United Kingdom, it is also known as rubby dubby (West Country and Yorkshire), shirvey or chirvey (Guernsey, Channel Islands), and bait balls.
Chumming is a common practice seen as effective by fishermen all over the world, typically in open oceans. Multiple forms of chum are available and used by anglers. Bunker consists of fish parts with a fish-enticing aroma. Stink bait contains oily fish parts and blood that releases the scent of dead fish into the water. Sour grain is a commonly used form of chum bait when fishing for catfish in inland waters of the Southern United States.
Native Americans used two methods of chumming. First, they would lie alongside a grasshopper and encourage it to jump into a flowing stream where the fish would consume the grasshopper. The Native Americans would then bait their hook with a grasshopper and hence catch the fish. Additionally, indigenous people would tie a dead animal from a tree above a stream encouraging flies to lay eggs. After weeks, the eggs became maggots and fell into the water, bringing a concentration of fish into the area.
Chumming is illegal in some parts of the world (such as in the U.S. state of Alabama) because of the danger it can pose by conditioning sharks to associate feeding with human presence. Floridan restrictions for chumming include local laws in saltwater areas. Due to the vast barren sandy bottom structure around most of the state using chum is a necessity and common practice. The Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission (FWC) approved changes to shark fishing regulations, including prohibiting chumming when fishing for any species from the beach. The new ruling went into effect July 1, 2019.
See also
Chum box, a form of internet advertising whose name is derived from the term.
Groundbait, a means of "appetizer" baiting used in freshwater or coarse fishing.
References
Hunting methods
Recreational fishing | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chumming |
The term Mangitli can refer to:
A member of the Uzbek Manġit dynasty.
Ulaş Mangıtlı, a Turkish cartoonist and illustrator | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mangitli |
Hur (, ; meaning "free", "not slave" ) is a Sunni Sufi Muslim community in the province of Sindh, Pakistan. Their spiritual leader is Pir Pagaro who resisted British rule in Sindh.
History of the Hur Movement
Colonial
During the period of colonial rule on the Indian subcontinent, Pir Pagaro declared his community "Hur" (free). The colonial government tried to suppress the movement and that resulted in an armed insurgence by Hurs. The Criminal Tribes Act of 1871 was recommended in Sindh upon disciples of Pir Pagaro in 1898 by Sardar Mohammad Yaqub during his days as Commissioner. This law was imposed on Sindh in 1900 by virtue of the actions of Pagaro's disciples. This law remained on the disciples throughout up to 1952.
Insurgency period
During the 1941 to 1946 the colonial government passed many laws, one of them called "Hur Suppression Act" passed hastily by Sindh Assembly in May 1942, ultimately imposing martial law from June 1942 to the end of May 1943. After lifting of Martial Law in 1943, again many laws were arbitrarily made virtually keeping the laws that had been made for military rule—these rules were in addition to the Defence of India Rules. By virtue of all these Acts and Rules, the entire Hur community was virtually criminalised. This community had been declared Criminal Tribe" in the year 1900. During the period of martial law, the colonial army patrolled the area and dealt with suspected followers of Pir Pagaro firmly. This caused the Hurs to carry out more acts such as causing the derailment of the Lahore Mail train in 1942, which resulted in the deaths of 22 people.
The Hurs cannot be said to have been defeated as they continued their campaign even after the hanging of the Pir Sahib, right up to the time of the Independence of Pakistan, Sindh having acquired the status of a province in the newly independent country. Pir Pagaro Sayyed Sibghatullah Shah II was hanged on 20 March 1943 and the British left Pakistan four years later on 14 August 1947.
Post-Colonial
Long after the independence of Pakistan, Pir Pagaro's two sons, who were in British custody in England, were released and came back to lead their community. Sindh was a province in the newly independent Pakistan. The two sons of Sibghatullah Shah II Shaheed, Pir Syed Shah Mardan Shah Rashidi alais Pir Syed Sikandar Ali Shah Rashidi and Pir Syed Nadir Ali Shah Rashdi were brought to Pakistan in December 1951 after long negotiations. The elder son, Pir Syed Shah Mardan Shah Rashidi - II alais Pir Syed Sikandar Ali Shah Rashdi became the new Pir Pagara (7th Pir Pagaro) on 1 February 1952. Shah Mardan Shah II died on 10 January 2012 in London due to Pnuemonia. On 12 January 2012, Syed Sibghatullah Shah Rashdi III, commonly known as Raja Saein, was elected as the 8th Pir Pagara at a meeting of the Caliphs of Hur Community.
Hurs in the 1965 War
During the 1965 war between India and Pakistan, Hur fought for Pakistan in the leadership of Ghazi Hur Mujahid Faqeer Arbelo Katpar.
List of Pir Pagaros
Syed Muhammad Rashid Shah (Rozay Dhani, forerunner of Pir Pagaras and Jhandaywaras), died 1819
Syed Sibghatullah Shah I (First Pir Pagaro, because of getting the pagg, or turban, while his brother Yaseen Shah got the Jhanda, 'Alam), died in 1831
Pir Syed Ali Gohar Shah Rashidi - I (2nd Pir Pagaro), died in 1847. Collection of his Poetry Asghar Sain jo Kalam is published by Jamia Rashidia Pir jo Goth.
Syed Hizbullah Shah (Third Pir Pagaro), died in 1890
Syed Ali Gohar Shah II (Fourth Pir Pagaro), died in 1896
Syed Shah Mardan Shah I (Fifth Pir Pagaro), died in 1921
Sibghatullah Shah Rashidi II alias Soreh Badshah سورھيه بادشاھ (Sixth Pir Pagaro), died on 20 March 1943
Shah Mardan Shah II alias Pir Syed Sikandar Ali Shah Rashidi (Seventh Pir Pagaro), died on 10 January 2012
Syed Sibghatullah Shah Rashdi III alias Raja Saeen (Eighth Pir Pagaro)
Further reading
History of Indo-Pak War of 1965. Lt Gen Mahmud Ahmed (ret).
References
Denotified tribes of India
Social groups of Pakistan
Sufism in Pakistan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hurs |
Good Hope Lake is a First Nations community in northwestern British Columbia, Canada, located on Highway 37 not far south of the border with the Yukon and located east of the semi-abandoned mining town of Cassiar, British Columbia. As of the 2006 Census, there are 41 people living in Good Hope Lake, down from 75 in 2001. The band government of the Dease River First Nation is located in Good Hope Lake, and is a member government of the Kaska Tribal Council.
See also
McDames Creek IR No.2 (Liard First Nation)
References
Unincorporated settlements in British Columbia
Cassiar Country
Kaska Dena | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Good%20Hope%20Lake |
Schermbeck is a municipality in the district of Wesel, in North Rhine-Westphalia, Germany.
Geography
Schermbeck is situated near the river Lippe, approximately 20 km east of Wesel, and 8 km north-west of Dorsten. Its maximum dilatation from north to south is about 12.90 km, from west to east it's about 17.80 km. Thanks to its proximity to the Ruhr area and thus to many big cities, Schermbeck is becoming a popular place for people who want to escape the urban life but still be closely connected to it.
Gallery
General information
Schermbeck has 3 schools. Locally it is famous for its traditional annual "Volksfest" Kilian, at which many people from the surrounding areas attend. Recently it is becoming a popular location for various events like cooking and art exhibitions.
Division of the municipality
Schermbeck is divided into 8 districts:
Altschermbeck
Bricht
Damm
Dämmerwald
Gahlen
Overbeck
Schermbeck
Weselerwald
Transport
Roads
Schermbeck is connected to the highways A 3 and A 31 and also to the federal road B 58.
Through Schermbeck run 3,10 km highway, 17,40 km federal roads, 22,10 km ordinary highways, 165,20 km rural roads and 2,30 km are in privat property.
Religion
Out of ancient background Schermbeck is almost half catholic and half evangelic. The proportion of Catholics is about 45,3%, and 39,2% confess themselves as Protestants. There are only a few followers of other religions or denominations.
References
External links
Private website about Üfte
Holocaust survivor testimony of the Kristallnacht pogrom in Schermbeck on the Yad Vashem website
Wesel (district) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schermbeck |
Cakaudrove East Fijian Provincial Communal is a former electoral division of Fiji, one of 23 communal constituencies reserved for indigenous Fijians. Established by the 1997 Constitution, it came into being in 1999 and was used for the parliamentary elections of 1999, 2001, and 2006. (Of the remaining 48 seats, 23 were reserved for other ethnic communities, and 25, called Open Constituencies, were elected by universal suffrage). The electorate covered eastern areas of Cakaudrove Province; it included south-eastern Vanua Levu and the nearby islands of Taveuni, Rabi, and Kioa.
The 2013 Constitution promulgated by the Military-backed interim government abolished all constituencies and established a form of proportional representation, with the entire country voting as a single electorate.
Election results
In the following tables, the primary vote refers to first-preference votes cast. The final vote refers to the final tally after votes for low-polling candidates have been progressively redistributed to other candidates according to pre-arranged electoral agreements (see electoral fusion), which may be customized by the voters (see instant run-off voting).
1999
2001
2006
Sources
Psephos - Adam Carr's electoral archive
Fiji Facts | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cakaudrove%20East%20%28Fijian%20Communal%20Constituency%2C%20Fiji%29 |
Charles Kimball Fletcher (December 15, 1902 – September 29, 1985) was an American banker and Republican politician from San Diego, California.
Early life
Fletcher was born 1902 to "Colonel" Ed Fletcher and Mary C. Fletcher in San Diego and graduated from San Diego High School where he set several swimming records, including an unofficial world record time in the 220 yard breaststroke. Fletcher went on to Stanford University, where he was captain of the school's water polo team, which won the national championship in 1924, the year he graduated. He is a member of both the Stanford Athletic Hall of Fame and the San Diego Hall of Champions.
Fletcher also attended Pembroke College, Oxford University, England, in 1934.
Business career
After graduation, he went into the savings and loan business. He founded Home Federal Savings and Loan Association in 1934, serving as its president until 1959 when he became chairman of the board of directors.
During World War II, Fletcher served as a lieutenant with the United States Naval Reserve from 1943 to 1945. He served as a member of California Commission on Correctional Facilities and Services from 1955 to 1957.
Political career
Fletcher was elected to the 80th United States Congress, serving one term from 1947–1949. He lost his bid for reelection in 1948.
Personal life
Fletcher married Jeannette Toberman, the daughter of "Mr. Hollywood" Charles E. Toberman in 1926. The couple's son, Charles K. "Kim" Jr., was chair of Home Federal. They also had another son and daughter: Peter and Dale. They lived in San Diego until his death from cancer in 1985.
He was cremated and the ashes were scattered off the coast of Del Mar, California.
References
External links
Biography of Father, Col. Ed Fletcher (San Diego Historical Society). Based on biography in Carl Heilbron's History of San Diego County (1936). Archive.org URL.
1902 births
1985 deaths
Politicians from San Diego
American male breaststroke swimmers
American Congregationalists
Alumni of Pembroke College, Oxford
Stanford Cardinal men's water polo players
Republican Party members of the United States House of Representatives from California
20th-century American politicians
San Diego High School alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20K.%20Fletcher |
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