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Šalovci (; ) is a village in the Prekmurje region in northeastern Slovenia. It is the seat of the Municipality of Šalovci. The writer Mihály Bakos was born in the village.
References
External links
Šalovci on Geopedia
Populated places in the Municipality of Šalovci | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0alovci |
No More Panic is name of the debut album by Singaporean singer Jocie Kok. The title track "No More Panic" is sung in the tune of Dragostea din Tei, by O-zone. Play Music won the rights to translate it in 2005. It was sung by Jocie Kok. The song tells about getting past fear and finding courage.
Track listing
Songs on 2006 album 不怕不怕/No More Panic include:
爱是你眼里的一首情歌 (Ai Shi Ni Yan Li De Yi Shou Qing Ge)
大声说爱 (Da Sheng Shuo Ai)
不怕不怕 (Bu Pa Bu Pa) - Fearless
当你孤单你会想起谁 (Dang Ni Gu Dan Ni Hui Xiang Qi Shui)
剪刀石头布 (Jian Dao Shi Tou Bu) - Rock, Paper, Scissors
两难 (Liang Nan)
勾勾手 (Gou Gou Shou)
回家真好 (Hui Jia Zhen Hao) - Coming home is so Good
我还是依然爱你 (Wo Hai Shi Yi Ran Ai Ni) - I still love you
How Are You My Friend?
不怕不怕 (Remix)
老鼠爱大米 (Lao Shu Ai Da Mi) - The Mouse Loves the Rice
References
Jocie Kok albums
2006 albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No%20More%20Panic |
The Municipality of Šempeter-Vrtojba ( or ; ; ) is a municipality in Slovenia. The municipality comprises the town and municipal seat of Šempeter pri Gorici and the adjacent village of Vrtojba.
History
Both settlements used to be suburbs of town of Gorizia until 1947, when they become part of Yugoslavia while Gorizia remained a part of Italy. They have had a separate urban development since then. Nowadays, the Municipality of Šempeter-Vrtojba forms a single continuous urban area with the neighbouring towns of Nova Gorica and Gorizia. Since May 2011, these three municipalities have been joined in a common trans-border metropolitan zone, administered by a joint administration board.
References
External links
Municipality of Šempeter-Vrtojba on Geopedia
Sempeter-Vrtojba
1998 establishments in Slovenia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipality%20of%20%C5%A0empeter-Vrtojba |
Šenčur (; in older sources also Šentjur, or Sankt Georgen im Felde) is a settlement in the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia. It is the seat of the Municipality of Šenčur.
Name
Šenčur was mentioned in written sources in 1221 as de Sancto Georio (and as ad sanctum Georium and ecclesiam sancti Georgii in 1238, and as aput Sanctum Georium in 1264). The Slovene name Šentčur is a contraction of the colloquial name for Saint George, the patron saint of the local church: šent Jur > *Šenťur > Šenčur. In the past, the settlement was known as Sankt Georgen (im Felde) in German.
History
The Šenčur area was already inhabited in late antiquity; archaeological finds include a Roman sarcophagus from the 4th century AD. Medieval sources mention Šenčur in 1221 in connection with the knight Friedrich of Šenčur (Fridericus de Sancto Georio).
During the Middle Ages, Šenčur was subordinate to the Dominican monastery in Velesovo. In 1458, almost half of the peasants (21) were subordinated to the monastery. In 1471 and 1472, the settlement came under Ottoman attack twice. With the abolition of the monastery in 1782, most of the peasants came under different landlords.
Šenčur was the scene of the Šenčur Events () on 22 May 1932. This was a political incident in which members of the banned Slovene People's Party prevented a march by the newly founded Yugoslav Radical Peasants' Democracy, calling out slogans against the 6 January Dictatorship and in support of the United Slovenia program. As a result, several Upper Carniolan leaders of the Slovene People's Party were arrested and imprisoned, including Matija Škerbec.
During the Second World War, a local committee of the communist Liberation Front was established in Šenčur in May 1941. On 24 January 1944, German forces shot 40 hostages in Šenčur in retaliation for the deaths of three military police.
After the Second World War, the old medieval layout of Šenčur was almost completely obliterated by new development. The population, which had already grown significantly during the interwar period, grew rapidly after 1945, even doubling between 1953 and 1994. By the end of the 20th century, only 5% of the population was still engaged in farming and the majority of residents commuted to Kranj for work.
Church
The church in Šenčur is dedicated to Saint George (). It is a single-nave structure with a rectangular chancel with beveled corners that was built in 1747 on the site of an earlier building. The furnishings are Baroque, and the chancel arch features a 1750 fresco painted by Franc Jelovšek (1700–1764). The church also contains paintings by Janez (1850–1889) and Jurij Šubic (1855–1890). The first church at the site was mentioned in written sources in 1238, when Patriarch Berthold of Aquileia granted the church to the monastery at Velesovo. During the Middle Ages, the church was surrounded with a fortified wall to protect against Ottoman attacks.
Economy
Šenčur has several small family-owned companies. A business park was built in 1994. A well-known local company is Logar Trade d.o.o., which produces beekeeping equipment for export to German-speaking markets. Several international companies also run Slovenian operations from the business park, most notably Garmin. Logistics companies have established themselves in Šenčur due to its convenient location (next to the freeway, 3 km from the airport, and 4 km from Kranj). Šenčur also has four banks, a post office, a supermarket, several other stores, and several bars and restaurants.
Events
Šenčur has three prominent annual events. The oldest and biggest carnival in Upper Carniola takes place in the town each year in February or March. The carnival is organized by the Godlarji association (named for the traditional dish godlja, a blood-sausage soup, which has also yielded the nickname godlarji for the residents). The second event is the Potato Festival, which is held each year at the end of June. The third event is the Grand Prix of Šenčur international cycling race, which is held annually at the beginning of April.
Šenčur Sports Park
Šenčur Sports Park is a multi-purpose stadium in Šenčur. It is used for football matches and is the home ground of the Slovenian Third League team NK Šenčur. The stadium currently holds 800 spectators, 540 of them can be seated.
Associations
There are several associations and clubs in the town. The association with the longest tradition is the volunteer fire department, going back more than 115 years. There are several folkdance groups, a band, and several choral groups. A theater group performs a few shows per year at the local community center. The town also has several sports teams. The NK Šenčur football team has played in the Slovenian Second League for several years, and KK Šenčur plays in the Premier A Slovenian Basketball League. The Šenčur archery club is very active, and the Šenčur cycling club organizes the annual cycling race. Other local associations include the beekeepers' association and the tourism association.
Notable people
Notable people that were born or lived in Šenčur include:
Janez Bohinc (1828–1911), poet and writer
Franc Bricelj (1904–1981), composer
Vitomir Fedor Jelenc (1885–1922), journalist and writer
Luka Martinak (1798–1850), activist in the Slovene national awakening
Anton Sever (1886–1965), medal maker and sculptor
References
External links
Šenčur on Geopedia
Populated places in the Municipality of Šenčur | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0en%C4%8Dur |
In ice hockey, a screen is obstruction by a player of the goaltender's view of the puck. The word can also be used as a verb, commonly "don't screen the goaltender", or "the goalie was screened". Screens can be both planned, as when an attacking forward positions himself in front of the net, or accidental, like when a defensemen accidentally blocks the goaltender's view. Attacking players may attempt to take advantage of a screen by taking a shot, which is more difficult for the opposing goaltender to save if he is being screened.
Ice hockey strategy | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Screen%20%28ice%20hockey%29 |
The Surf Trio was a surf rock band which formed in Eugene, Oregon, in 1984.
Lineup
Founding members included Ron Kleim on guitar and vocals, Pete Weinberger on guitar and vocals, Dave Meyers on bass and Aaron Temple on drums. Dave Meyers was replaced by Jeff Martin shortly after the release of their first E.P. on Moxie records in 1985. Terrence Kerrigan, from The Bo Diddley Headhunters, replaced Aaron Temple in August 1988 and was with the band through June 1989, when he, Martin and Weinberger, Joel Barnett, founding member of the Miracle Workers and the Bo Diddley Headhunters, and Richard Spaugh from Drivetrain and previously Dimension 7 formed The Wicked Ones.
Tim Erickson and Chuck Thompson handled the drum duties at various times during the Surf Trio's reformation in the mid-to-late 1990s.
Style
The Surf Trio recorded and played mostly original material; instrumental surf, 60's garage, pop-punk and Ramones influenced punk rock. The band, along with The Miracle Workers and Dead Moon from Portland, Girl Trouble from Tacoma, and The Mono Men from Bellingham, were a part of the Pacific Northwest's 60s-influenced, garage rock music scene during the mid-to-late 1980s.
Releases
The group has a long list of releases on indie labels including Voxx, Moxie Records, September Gurls, BloodRed Records and Discs, Get Hip, Pin-Up and several others.
Discography
The Surf Trio - 7-inch EP, Moxie Records, 1985
Almost Summer - LP, Voxx Records, 1986
Safari in a Living Graveyard - LP, Moxie Records, 1989
"Strychnine" track on Here AIN'T The Sonics-Tribute Album - LP, Estrus/PopLlama, 1989
Safari in a Living Graveyard - LP, Star Records (Canada) 1989; reissued on CD, Blood Red Vinyl & Discs, 1996.
The Surf Trio Unreleased - Moxie Records, 1991
The Surf Trio - Compilation, September Gurls Records, 1992
Surf Trio/Marble Orchard/Wicked Ones Double 7-inch - September Gurls Records, 1993
Shook Outta Shape - LP/CD, September Gurls Records, 1994
Steamer/Another Girl, Another Planet - 7-inch, Pin-Up Records, 1994
Locked Into Surf Vol. 2" comp- LP/CD, Alopecia Records, 1994
Curse of the Surf Trio - LP/CD, Pin-Up Records, 1995
Hang 10/Mile Zero - 7-inch Blood Red Vinyl, 1995
King of Cool/Salt Bath - 7-inch, Roto Records, 1996
Splitsville split CD with Psychotic Youth -Wolverine/Pin-Up Records, 1996
Surf Trio/Boss Martians split 7-inch, Blood Red Vinyl, 1998
"Back to My Cave" track on Blood Red Battle Royal comp Blood Red Vinyl LP/CD, 1998
"Forbidden Sounds" - LP/CD, Dionysus Records/Blood Red Vinyl, 1999
"Wildcat" track on "Takin' out the Trash: A Tribute to the Trashmen" comp, Double Crown Records, 1999
Venues
Surf Trio played famous Northwest clubs like Club Satyricon, The Blue Gallery, The Pine Street Theatre, Starry Night, The Off-Ramp, Max's, The W.O.W. Hall, with dozens of gigs in Bellingham, Seattle, Portland, Salem and Eugene. The band shared the stage with such groups as The Stray Cats, The Young Fresh Fellows, The Lyres, Dead Moon, The Mono Men, and Girl Trouble. A 1995 show in Bellingham, Washington, with the Boss Martians and the Astronauts (From Germany) was video taped.
Surf Trio toured Germany in 1994 and 1997.
The band played three California gigs; one in L.A. at Greg Shaw's "Cavern Club" while recording their Voxx L.P. "Almost Summer" and two shows at the Purple Onion in San Francisco.
The band continued to play Northwest clubs and recorded their final L.P. "Forbidden Sounds" in 1999.
Interregnum
Aaron Temple left the band in 1988, and now lives in Eugene, Oregon, with his wife and daughter. Members of the band, after 1989, went on to perform in groups such as Marble Orchard, The Wicked Ones, The Peppermint Gearshift, A Few Chairs, and The Romaines before the band reformed in 1994. In 1990, after corresponding with Rudi Protrudi, and departing The Wicked Ones, Terrence Kerrigan auditioned for the drum spot with a Los Angeles incarnation of The Fuzztones.
External links
[ Surf Trio] at Allmusic
Surf Trio fan page
Musical groups from Eugene, Oregon
American surf music groups
Garage rock groups from Oregon
1984 establishments in Oregon
1989 disestablishments in Oregon
Musical groups established in 1984
Musical groups disestablished in 1989
Musical groups reestablished in 1994 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surf%20Trio |
Foreign Service Specialists are direct-hire career employees of the United States Department of State and other foreign affairs agencies. They are members of the United States Foreign Service who provide important technical, support or administrative services in 19 career categories, including Diplomatic Security Agents, Doctors and Physician Assistants, Information Management Specialists, Office Management Specialists, Human Resource Specialists. They serve in over 290 Embassies or Consulates abroad, Washington, D.C. or other locations in the continental United States.
Differences between Officer and Specialist
Both Foreign Service Officers (Generalists) and Foreign Service Specialists are diplomats, and direct hire employees of the Department of State. Employment benefits for Specialists and Officers are generally the same. All serve in a series of overseas assignments at U.S. embassies and consulates around the world for much of their careers, with some domestic postings in Washington, D.C. or other locations in the continental United States.
The selection processes for Specialists and Officers differ, although all include an Oral Assessment, medical and security clearances and a suitability review. Additionally, Specialists may be expected to serve within their functional area throughout their careers, while Officers typically will have some assignments over the course of a career that are inter-functional or in a different career track. For example, whatever the career track, entry-level Officers usually serve in one consular or management assignment during the first two tours.
Career tracks
Facilities Maintenance Specialist
Financial Management Officer
General Services Officer
Human Resources Officer
Construction Engineer
Information Management Specialist
Information Management Technical Specialist
Language Officer
Regional English Language Officer
Information Resource Officer
Printing Specialist (Limited Noncareer Appointment)
Health Practitioner
Regional Medical Technologist
Regional Medical Officer
Regional Medical Officer/Psychiatrist
Office Management Specialist
Diplomatic Courier
Security Engineering Officer
Security Protective Specialist (Limited Noncareer Appointment)
Security Technical Specialist
Diplomatic Security Service Special Agent
In extremely rare cases when no Foreign Service specialists are available, non-career appointees can be considered for entry as FS specialists, providing they meet rigorous standards expected of career members of the Service. Limited Noncareer appointees are not officially part of the Foreign Service and must leave anytime a career person becomes available for their positions. This is a legal requirement negotiated with various labor organizations.
Allowances and benefits
(1) Foreign Travel Per Diem Allowances: The foreign travel per diem allowances provide for lodging, meals, and incidental expenses when an employee is on temporary duty overseas. While the Office of Allowances is responsible for setting foreign per diem rates, per diem travel policy, both foreign and domestic, is governed by the Federal Travel Regulation (FTR) and not by the DSSR. Employees should check their individual agency’s implementing regulations also. The FTR can be found on the General Services Administration’s website at http://www.gsa.gov/perdiemrates.
(2) Cost-of-Living Allowances: The cost-of-living allowances are those allowances that are designed to reimburse employees for certain excess costs that they incur as a result of their employment overseas. This group includes the Post Allowance (more commonly referred to as the COLA), Foreign Transfer Allowance, Home Service Transfer Allowance, Separate Maintenance Allowance, Education Allowance, and Educational Travel. Cost-of-living allowances are not considered a part of taxable income.
(3) Recruitment and Retention Incentives: These allowances are designed to recruit employees to posts where living conditions may be difficult or dangerous. Post Hardship Differential, Danger Pay, and Difficult-to-Staff Incentive Differential (also known as Service-Needs Differential) are all considered recruitment and retention allowances. They are included in taxable income. Eligibility for full retirement benefits with 20 years of service if age 50 or older. Foreign Service pension equal to 1.7% high three years average salary times the number of years served up to 20 years, 1% for each year above 20.
(4) Quarters Allowances: Quarters Allowances, which include the Living Quarters Allowance, Temporary Quarters Subsistence Allowance, and Extraordinary Quarters Allowance, are intended to reimburse employees for substantially all housing costs, either temporary or permanent, at overseas posts where government housing is not provided. These allowances are not included in taxable income.
(5) Other Allowances: Other allowances include ORE (Official Residence Expense), Representation Allowance, evacuation-related payments, and Advance of Pay.
See also
Foreign Service Officer
United States Foreign Service
United States Department of State
References
External links
Foreign Service Specialist Careers site at the State Department
United States Department of State
Foreign relations of the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foreign%20Service%20Specialist |
The Goldstone Ground (or The Goldstone) was a football stadium in Hove, East Sussex that was the home ground of Brighton & Hove Albion between 1902 and 1997.
History
The Goldstone Ground stood on Old Shoreham Road, Hove, opposite Hove Park in a partly residential area. The area was previously part of Goldstone Farm and was first used for a football match by Hove F.C. on 7 September 1901. Albion played there for the first time on 22 February 1902, and it became the club's permanent home the next season.
The main West Stand was largely built in 1958 and consisted of seating and terraces. The South Stand was originally built in 1949 and served family spectators. The North Stand was built in 1984 and consisted solely of terracing. The East Stand was formed of uncovered terraces. Floodlights were first installed in 1961.
The ground also hosted football games for the 1948 Olympic Games, one of only two grounds outside London (the other being Fratton Park).
On 23 September 1992, David Beckham made his professional début at this stadium, coming on as a substitute for Manchester United in a League Cup second round tie.
The ground was used as the home venue for both Tottenham Hotspur and Wimbledon for their pre-season 1995 UEFA Intertoto Cup campaigns, whereafter both clubs received one season bans from European football by UEFA for fielding under-strength teams. The bans were later overturned on appeal.
Closure and sale
The Taylor Report of January 1990 required all English clubs in the top two divisions to have an all-seater stadium by August 1994. Brighton were in the Second Division at the time and reached the playoff final the following year, but defeat to Notts County ended their hopes of reclaiming the First Division place which they had previously held from 1979 to 1983. Relegation a year later meant that Brighton were no longer covered by the requirements of the Taylor Report, and rising debts meant that the Goldstone Ground remained undeveloped and there were no serious plans for relocation. In 1996, Brighton were relegated to the fourth tier of the English football for the first time since the 1960s.
The final match at The Goldstone Ground was held on 26 April 1997, in which Brighton beat Doncaster Rovers 1–0. The result lifted Brighton off the bottom of Division Three and meant that either a draw or a win in their visit to Hereford United for their final game of that season the following weekend would prevent relegation to the Conference and preserve their Football League status. Brighton went on to draw that game 1-1 and thus secured survival, avoiding becoming the first former members of the top flight or the first major cup finalists to be relegated to the Conference, and sending their opponents down instead.
Between 1902 and 1997 the ground had admitted 22.9 million supporters to 2,174 games. The largest attendance at the Goldstone was 36,747 when the Albion played Fulham on 27 December 1958.
The ground's freehold was sold by the club's board of directors, who were trying to clear the club's mounting debts in an attempt to avoid bankruptcy, although no alternative home ground had been arranged, and the fans were not consulted. The then-chairman, Bill Archer, aimed to profit from the sale of the lucrative development land on which the Goldstone stood. A proposed ground-share with Portsmouth – their nearest Football League neighbours – never materialised and the club eventually arranged a ground-share with Gillingham at their Priestfield Stadium, over 70 miles from Brighton.
The planned sale of the club's stadium provoked two pitch invasions by angry fans in protest against it. A pitch invasion late in the 1995-96 season, when the Seagulls were relegated to Division Three, resulted in a suspended sentence of three points deducted and a game played behind closed doors for the club. A similar protest on 1 October 1996 in a league game against Lincoln City meant that a Football League hearing on 9 December that year saw them deducted two league points. The club later appealed against the points deduction but their appeal was rejected, although ultimately they still managed to avoid relegation from the Football League by a narrow margin that year.
The Goldstone Ground was sold to property developers and the site was redeveloped as a retail park, currently known as the Goldstone Retail Park.
After returning to the Brighton area in 1999 following two years in Gillingham, Brighton & Hove Albion played at the Withdean Stadium, an athletics stadium about two miles north of the city centre. By this stage, a site at Falmer had been identified as Brighton's preferred location for a new stadium. This was finally completed in 2011, when the American Express Stadium was opened on a site four miles north-east of the city centre.
References
Sports venues in Brighton and Hove
Defunct football venues in England
Sports venues completed in 1901
Sports venues demolished in 1997
English Football League venues
Demolished sports venues in the United Kingdom
Brighton & Hove Albion F.C.
1901 establishments in England
1997 disestablishments in England | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goldstone%20Ground |
Jan Pietrzak (pronounced ; born 26 April 1937) is a Polish satirist, singer-songwriter, stage and film actor, and columnist for Tygodnik Solidarność (Solidarity Weekly).
Career
Pietrzak co-founded in Warsaw, with Jonasz Kofta, the student cabaret club Hybrydy, which operated in 1962–67.
In 1967 Pietrzak founded Pod Egidą ("Under the Aegis"), a subversive Warsaw literary cabaret. Pietrzak was one of the more popular voices of anticommunism in the People's Republic of Poland.
Pietrzak attained country-wide and international recognition during the Solidarity years especially with his protest song, "Żeby Polska była Polską" ("So that Poland Could be Poland"—abroad, often called "Let Poland Be Poland") with music by Włodzimierz Korcz. The song became the widely-accepted informal anthem of Poland's Solidarity period.
Awards
In 1979, the authorities of the PRL - Polish People's Republic awarded Pietrzak with the Golden Cross of Merit.
On 3 May 2009 Pietrzak was decorated by the President of Poland with the Order of Polonia Restituta.
See also
List of Poles
Notes
External links
"Prawda w żartach zawarta" ("The Truth as Humor"). Interview with Jan Pietrzak by Patrycja Gruszyńska-Ruman. PDF direct download. Bulletin of the Institute of National Remembrance, no. 7 (90), July 2008; ISSN 1641-9561. Retrieved June 14, 2012.
1937 births
Living people
Candidates in the 1995 Polish presidential election
Polish cabaret performers
Polish satirists
Polish male writers
Polish male singer-songwriters
Polish singer-songwriters
Commanders of the Order of Polonia Restituta
Recipients of the Gold Medal for Merit to Culture – Gloria Artis
20th-century Polish male singers
Recipient of the Meritorious Activist of Culture badge | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan%20Pietrzak |
Šmartno pri Litiji (; ) is a town in the Litija Basin in central Slovenia. It is part of the traditional region of Lower Carniola and is now included in the Central Slovenia Statistical Region. It is the seat of the Municipality of Šmartno pri Litiji. The town is located 3 km southeast of Litija at the confluence of three creeks: Reka Creek, Black Creek (), and Kostrevnica Creek (). The town of Litija outgrew the formerly more important Šmartno when the Austrian Southern Railway was routed through Litija. The name of the settlement was first attested in ecclesiastical documents from 1135, although the area was already settled in prehistoric times. The oldest house in Šmartno pri Litiji bears the year 1580, and in the 17th century the Mollerey painting and graphic arts workshop operated in it. The town includes the hamlet of Slatina (in older sources also Slatna, ).
Church
The center of the town is dominated by the neo-Gothic church dedicated to Saint Martin, from which the settlement gets its name (Šent Martin > Šmartno). It belongs to the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Ljubljana. The church was designed by the architect Adolf Wagner, and was built between 1899 and 1901 on the site of an earlier church mentioned in written documents dating to 1363. The interior of the church is illuminated by light coming through stained-glass windows designed by Anton Jebačin. According to a legend, the church was built on the place where trapped miners in Šmartno were once rescued on Martinmas.
References
External links
Šmartno pri Litiji on Geopedia
Populated places in the Municipality of Šmartno pri Litiji | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0martno%20pri%20Litiji |
Happy Birthday to Me is a 1981 slasher film directed by J. Lee Thompson and starring Melissa Sue Anderson and Glenn Ford. Its plot revolves around six brutal murders occurring around a popular high school senior's birthday.
A co-production between the United States and Canada, the film was shot in Montreal and upstate New York.
Happy Birthday to Me was distributed by Columbia Pictures, and released theatrically in North America on May 15, 1981. The film received mostly mixed reviews from critics.
Plot
Virginia "Ginny" Wainwright is a pretty and popular high school senior at Crawford Academy, a member of the school's "Top Ten," an elite clique of the most privileged and popular students. Each night, the group meets at the Silent Woman Tavern, a local pub. One night en route to the tavern, Bernadette O'Hara is attacked in her car by an unseen assailant. She struggles and plays dead to catch the killer off-guard before running to get help. She then runs into an unseen individual whom she is familiar with and begs for help, but the person slashes her neck with a straight razor.
The Top Ten becomes concerned when Bernadette fails to arrive at the pub. Upon leaving, the group sees the nearby drawbridge raising and decide to play a game of chicken. Ginny is pushed into a car by Ann Thomerson, and each of the group attempt to cross the bridge as it raises; the car Ginny is in barely clears the bridge, crashing as it meets the other side. Distraught, Ginny runs home, stopping at her mother's grave in an adjacent cemetery. At her home, Etienne, a Top Ten member, breaks into Ginny's room and steals her underwear.
Bernadette fails to show up at school the following day. Ginny, who is plagued by repressed memories, visits her on-call psychiatrist, Dr. Faraday, with whom she previously underwent an experimental brain tissue restoration procedure after surviving a harrowing accident at the drawbridge. As Ginny attempts to resume her normal life, her fellow Top Ten members are murdered in vicious and violent ways: Etienne is strangled when his scarf gets thrown into the spokes of his motorcycle, and Greg's neck is crushed in his room while lifting weights. Ann and Ginny go to Alfred's house as he has been acting odd lately and discovers he is an elaborate prosthetic make up artist with a creepy replica of Bernadette's head.
One night, Alfred, a Top Ten member who is infatuated with Ginny, follows her to her mother's grave. In retaliation, she stabs him with a pair of garden shears. On the weekend of Ginny's 18th birthday, her father leaves for a business trip. After a school dance, Ginny invites Steve to her house and prepares shish kebabs. While the two are drinking wine and smoking marijuana, Ginny begins to feed Steve with the kebab, but violently shoves the skewer down his throat.
Ann arrives at Ginny's house the following morning and finds Ginny taking a shower. In the shower, Ginny has a flashback of her mother's death: Her mother, a newly inducted socialite, invites the Top Ten to Ginny's birthday celebration four years earlier and is concerned when no guests have arrived. After being questioned by her mother, Ginny tearfully mentions the group are attending a party Ann is having instead. Humiliated, her mother drives drunk to the Thomasons' house with Ginny, where she is denied entry by Mr. Thomason's gatekeeper. Enraged and upset, she attempts to drive across a raising drawbridge, causing their car to fall into the water. Pinned beneath the steering wheel, Ginny's mother drowns. Ginny, however, manages to swim to safety.
Paranoid that she may be murdering her friends during blackout episodes, Ginny visits Dr. Faraday. When she confronts him over the procedure she underwent, he is evasive, and she murders him with a fireplace poker. Mr. Wainright returns home during a thunderstorm for Ginny's birthday and finds a pool of blood in the foyer. He flees hysterically and finds one of Ginny's friends, Amelia, standing in the yard in what seems to be a state of shock, clutching a wrapped gift. In the cemetery, he discovers his late wife's grave to have been robbed, with Dr. Faraday's corpse lying in it.
Mr. Wainright notices a light on inside the family's guest cottage. Inside, he finds the bodies of each member of the Top Ten seated at a table alongside his dead wife's corpse. He then sees Ginny enter the room with a birthday cake, singing "Happy Birthday" to herself, seeming to have lost her mind. Feeling he has failed his daughter with her treatment, Ginny suddenly slashes her father's throat. He dies, failing to notice another girl is seated at the table with her head down. Ginny then goes toward the girl, who also appears to be Ginny. As the girl comes to the Ginny we have seen throughout the film, she begins to raise her voice saying she did it all for her, as she ruined her last party. Suddenly the two Ginnys struggle and the other girl is revealed as Ann, who has disguised herself as Ginny with an elaborate latex mask probably made by Alfred. Ann removes the mask, ranting and raving over her father's affair with Ginny's mother and how it destroyed her family. Ann reveals that she and Ginny are half-sisters and it's all her fault. Ginny manages to wrestle the knife from Ann and stabs her to death. As she stands over Ann's corpse holding the bloodied knife, a police officer enters the cottage and says, "What have you done?"
Cast
Production
Concept and pre-production
Happy Birthday to Me was produced by John Dunning and André Link, as a Cinépix production. Dunning and Link would team up again on another Canadian slasher, My Bloody Valentine (1981), which went into production within a week of Happy Birthday to Me wrapping; however, My Bloody Valentine was actually released first, rushed to meet a February 11, 1981 release date in time for Valentine's Day. Keen to get their classier, bigger-budgeted Happy Birthday to Me released, Dunning and Link quickly realized that gimmicks were being used up by other slasher movies in the wake of John Carpenter’s Halloween (1978) and Sean S. Cunningham’s Friday the 13th (1980). 1980 alone saw the release of Friday the 13th, as well as two New Year's Eve-themed horror movies, Terror Train (1980) and New Year’s Evil (1980), as well as Christmas-themed films To All a Goodnight (1980) and Christmas Evil (1980), the wedding-themed He Knows You’re Alone (1980), Prom Night (1980), and Mother’s Day (1980) (followed by Graduation Day and the Thanksgiving-based Home Sweet Home the following year). Because everyone has a birthday, Dunning and Link believed that Happy Birthday to Me could have universal appeal. They hired John Saxton, a University of Toronto English professor, to develop the story. The subplot involving Virginia's brain injury came from Dunning reading an article about regenerating frogs with electricity; he figured this could form the basis for a murder mystery where a girl suffers flashbacks and blackouts yet is unsure of her role in the mayhem around her.
Although it seems to have been directly influenced by the success of Friday the 13th and Prom Night, pre-production on Happy Birthday to Me had started before those films had been released, which more than hints that the huge success of Halloween was perhaps more of an influence (although the Grand Guignol elements of Friday the 13th may also have contributed).
The specialized genre website Retro Slashers has a copy of the script purporting to be a third draft from April 1980, where the major difference is that Virginia is actually the killer, possessed by the spirit of her deceased mother. Although this ending logistically makes more sense than the ending that was filmed, the filmmakers thought that what was originally scripted was not climactic enough. Still, the majority of the film does point to this original ending, which indicates the switch came well into production. This version of the script also features a good number of scenes that were either never shot or rewritten, including some that show more clearly Alfred's love for Virginia and Virginia's difficult relationship with her father. The script was completely reworked by screenwriting team Timothy Bond and Peter Jobin before production started.
Casting
Actress Melissa Sue Anderson, who had garnered childhood fame for her portrayal of Mary Ingalls on the television series Little House on the Prairie, was cast in the film's lead, marking her major feature debut. Lisa Langlois auditioned for the role of Ann, but the role went to Tracey Bregman instead.
Filming
Happy Birthday to Me began shooting in early July 1980 with British director J. Lee Thompson, famous for the classic Cape Fear (1962). Thompson had also been a dialogue coach to Alfred Hitchcock years before. Thompson had actively been looking to direct a thriller, and became attached to Happy Birthday to Me. In the press material for the film, he stated: "What attracted me to this script was that the young people stood out as vivid, individual characters. The difference between a good chiller and exploitative junk, at least in my opinion, is whether or not you care about the victims".
Jack Blum, who played Alfred in the film, said that Thompson took the film seriously. Thompson would later direct the Charles Bronson thriller 10 to Midnight (1983), which featured more exploitative material than Happy Birthday to Me. Hollywood actor Glenn Ford, who played Jonathan Kent in Richard Donner’s Superman (1978), was less-than-thrilled to be in a slasher film. Apparently Ford was unpleasant on the set.
The film's make-up effects were done by special effects guru Tom Burman (who replaced Stéphan Dupuis just three weeks before the cameras were due to start rolling). Dupuis later did the duties on another bigger budget Canadian slasher, Visiting Hours (1982), but left the production for undisclosed reasons. Ironically, in an issue of Fangoria from 1981, Burman criticizes the level of gore in films at that time. Director Thompson became known for tossing buckets of blood about on the set of the film to increase the on-screen gore; according to producer John Dunning, with the assistance of special effects man Tom Burman, Thompson "would be splashing blood all over the place".
Happy Birthday to Me finished filming in September 1980. Much of it was shot in and around Loyola College in Montreal, while the drawbridge scenes were actually filmed in Phoenix, New York, just outside Syracuse. The producers found it difficult to find the right bridge closer to the main production, as the expansion of the Highway system had made them increasingly rare. The whole town of Phoenix came to watch the dangerous stunts, where a total of fifteen cars were junked, and one stunt driver was hospitalized with two broken ankles. The bridge itself has since been removed and replaced by a bridge further to the north. Additional photography occurred on the campuses of Concordia University and McGill University.
During production, the film's screenplay underwent rewrites, including an entirely new ending that featured Ann as the real killer instead of Ginny. According to actress Melissa Sue Anderson, her character of Ginny "was so convincing as the good girl, they didn’t want to sacrifice the audience’s sympathy," leading screenwriters Timothy Bond and Peter Jobin to rework Saxton's screenplay. This mid-production alteration required the special effects team to craft a plaster cast of Anderson's face to design a latex mask, which Ann is revealed to be wearing in the finale.
Music
Bo Harwood and Lance Rubin provided the film's score. Syreeta, one-time wife of Stevie Wonder, provided the closing track, composed by Lance Rubin that plays over the credits.
Release
The Motion Picture Association of America originally granted Happy Birthday to Me an X rating, resulting in Columbia truncating some of its gorier sequences in order to allow for an R rating.
Marketing
Columbia Pictures acquired Happy Birthday to Me for $3.5 million, following Paramount Pictures' lead with buying Friday the 13th the year before. Columbia reportedly put as much money into promoting the film as it cost to make. The promotional materials for the film boasted its numerous unusual death sequences as "six of the most bizarre murders you will ever see". The theatrical poster featured sub-taglines reading: "John will never eat shish kebab again" and "Steven will never ride a motorcycle again", despite the fact that there is no character named "John" in the film, while Steven is the character who dies by a shish kekab; Etienne is the character who suffers a death via a motorcycle.
Dunning and Link were displeased with the advertising campaign that Columbia Pictures had planned; they thought it should have been more subtle and worried that it might put off as many people as it attracted. They were concerned that only a handful of the murders in the film were truly bizarre and that the audience might feel cheated.
Columbia Pictures distributed a promotional manual for Happy Birthday to Me containing numerous ideas for cinemas to promote the film. Although it is not clear how many picture houses really embraced the film's promotion, some of the more colorful ideas were to stage a mini-recreation of the film's final scene (without the bodies), but with a butchered birthday cake with crimson candles surrounded by glittering birthday party hats, all to be set upon a fake coffin. People celebrating their own birthdays were encouraged to bring family and friends with incentives, such as T-shirts and party hats. They also suggested having a member of staff, dressed in funereal black, preventing anyone from entering the auditorium during the final ten minutes. Those in line would then be offered "a bite-sized slice of Virginia's birthday cake" from the concession stand.
The promotion manual also featured many ideas for radio disc jockeys to promote the film, including a special 'scream in'. Callers would be asked questions such as, "How would you react if you went to a birthday party … and you were the only person at the dinner table who was still alive?" Those with the best set of lungs would win free passes to the film. The manual also encouraged the DJ's to attend dressed as funeral attendants and give each girl a white lily and each boy a blood-red carnation.
The film was also advertised with trailers both at the cinema and on TV. Most trailers culminate with a birthday cake being split with an axe, although an axe does not actually feature in the film itself.
Box office
Happy Birthday to Me opened in the United States and Canada on May 15, 1981 in 1,124 theatres and grossed $3,712,597 in its opening weekend. It ultimately went on to gross $10.6 million at the North American box office.
Critical response
Contemporary
Vincent Canby in The New York Times called it a confused ripoff of Friday the 13th and Prom Night (both released in 1980). James Harwood in Variety wrote that the film gets "dumber and dumber until the fitful finale". Linda Gross of the Los Angeles Times referred to the film as a "well-directed, suspenseful and nauseatingly violent horror movie" that is "gratuitously mean", commending it as technically well-made but criticizing it for its violent content. The Baltimore Evening Suns Lou Cedrone wrote "it is sad to know that a director of this stature has descended to this, a bloody horror film. The movie has been done with professionalism, but in the end, like The Fan, Happy Birthday to Me is so much bloodletting, all of it in vivid color". Siskel & Ebert chose it as one of their "Dogs of the Week" on an episode of their show in 1981.
Candice Russell of the Fort Lauderdale News praised the film as a "more than competently made chiller", adding that director Thompson "plays out the scenes where we anticipate mayhem like a virtuoso violinist".
Ron Cowan of Statesman Journal commended the acting of Anderson and direction of Thompson, and wrote that he "develops the characters of the young actors enough that they take on the semblance of real people". However, he goes on to call the plot derivative of other films in the genre. Bill Cosford of the Miami Herald gave it a scathing review, criticizing the plot for being "incomprehensible". Cosford wrote that its title and "attractive star" are the only things working for the film.
Modern
AllMovie gave the film a mixed review, writing, "Happy Birthday to Me stands out from the slasher movie pack of the early '80s because it pushes all the genre's elements to absurd heights. The murders, plot twists and, especially, the last-minute revelations that are dished up in the final reel don't just deny credibility, they outright defy it".
In a 2022 retrospective assessment for Bloody Disgusting, Paul Lê described the film as "one of the strangest and best 80s slashers to come out of the decade." The same year, Tyler Doupe of Dread Central assessed the film, citing it as a "giallo masquerading as a slasher," noting its use of various plot twists, red herrings, and violent murders, which are common tropes in giallo films.
, Happy Birthday to Me holds a 29% rating on the review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes based on 14 reviews.
Home media
Sony Pictures Home Entertainment released Happy Birthday to Me on DVD in 2004 with an entirely different, uncredited musical score that diverged from the score used in the original cut. In October 2009, Anchor Bay Entertainment re-released the film on DVD with original musical score reintroduced.
In 2012, the film made its premiere on Blu-ray through Mill Creek Entertainment on a double-feature disc paired with the original When a Stranger Calls (1979); this release, like the 2009 DVD, features the original 1981 musical score. The United Kingdom-based home media company Indicator Films released a region-free two-disc Blu-ray and DVD combination package in December 2016, which featured promotional materials, a commentary track, and both the original and alternate musical score. Mill Creek re-released the film as a standalone Blu-ray featuring a retro VHS-inspired slipcover in October 2018. In October 2022, Kino Lorber issued another Blu-ray edition with newly commissioned bonus materials.
References
Sources
External links
1981 films
1981 horror films
1981 independent films
1980s American films
1980s Canadian films
1980s English-language films
1980s high school films
1980s mystery horror films
1980s serial killer films
1980s slasher films
1980s teen horror films
American high school films
American independent films
American mystery horror films
American serial killer films
American slasher films
American teen horror films
Canadian independent films
Canadian high school films
Canadian mystery horror films
Canadian serial killer films
Canadian slasher films
Columbia Pictures films
Dissociative identity disorder in popular culture
English-language Canadian films
Films about birthdays
Films about dysfunctional families
Films about mass murder
Films about sisters
Films about social class
Films about socialites
Films about surgeons
Films about the upper class
Films directed by J. Lee Thompson
Films produced by John Dunning
Films set in Massachusetts
Films set in schools
Films shot in Montreal
Films shot in New York (state)
Psychosurgery in fiction
Sororicide in fiction
Video nasties | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Happy%20Birthday%20to%20Me%20%28film%29 |
Šmartno ob Paki () is a settlement in the lower Paka Valley in northern Slovenia. It is the seat of the Municipality of Šmartno ob Paki. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region.
The parish church from which the settlement gets its name (Šmartno < *Šmartən < *šent Martin 'Saint Martin') is dedicated to Saint Martin and belongs to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Celje. It was first mentioned in written documents dated to 1256. The current building dates to the 18th century but some 15th-century frescos are preserved in the belfry.
References
External links
Šmartno ob Paki on Geopedia
Populated places in the Municipality of Šmartno ob Paki | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0martno%20ob%20Paki |
Tabor () is a settlement in the Municipality of Tabor in central Slovenia. It lies on the edge of the Lower Savinja Valley at the northern edge of the Sava Hills. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region.
Church
The parish church in the settlement is dedicated to Saint George and belongs to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Celje. It was first mentioned in written documents dating to 1391. The original Gothic sanctuary was preserved when a new nave was built in 1900.
Notable people
Notable people that were born or lived in Tabor include:
Angelos Baš (1926–2008), ethnologist
References
External links
Tabor on Geopedia
Populated places in the Municipality of Tabor | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tabor%2C%20Tabor |
Tišina (; ) is a town in the Prekmurje region of northeastern Slovenia. It is the seat of the Municipality of Tišina. The parish church in the settlement is dedicated to the Nativity of Mary and belongs to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Murska Sobota. It dates to the 12th century with extensive 16th-century rebuilding.
Notable people
Ferenc Ivanóczy (1857–1913), Slovene priest and politician in Hungary
Simon Špilak (born 1986), cyclist
References
External links
Tišina on Geopedia
Populated places in the Municipality of Tišina | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ti%C5%A1ina |
Clint Eastwood (born 1930) is an American filmmaker and actor.
Clint Eastwood may also refer to:
Clint Eastwood (album), an album by The Upsetters
Clint Eastwood (musician), Jamaican reggae deejay
"Clint Eastwood" (song), a song by Gorillaz
"Clint Eastwood", an alias used by Marty McFly in the film Back to the Future Part III
Eastwood, Clint | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clint%20Eastwood%20%28disambiguation%29 |
Trebnje (, ) is a town in southeastern Slovenia.
Trebnje lies on the Temenica River in the traditional region of Lower Carniola. The area was already settled in Antiquity. The modern settlement developed on the main regional road and railway line from Ljubljana to Novo Mesto. The old town center with the parish church stands slightly raised on the left bank of Temenica River, and the new part extends to the north from the railway line and the regional road toward Novo Mesto.
Trebnje is the seat of the Municipality of Trebnje.
Name
Trebnje was attested in historical sources in 1163 as Treuen (and as Treven in 1228, Trefen in 1389, and Treben in 1437). The name is believed to be a clipped form of Trěbьńe selo 'Trěbъ's village', presumably referring to an early inhabitant of the place. A less likely theory derives the name from the verb *trěbiti 'to clean, clear (land)', thus referring to an area cleared for settlement. Another hypothesis, considered very unlikely, derives the name from an Old Slavic sacrifice ritual called treba 'sacrifice'.
History
The area was already settled by humans in the Stone Age. In the Roman times, a settlement named Praetorium Latobicorum was located in the area, along the road linking Emona and Siscia. After the decline of the Roman Empire, the first mention of Trebnje as a market town dates to 1351, and a proto-parish was mentioned in 1163.
At the end of the 18th century, Trebnje was the seat of the district commissioner. Later it also became the seat of the political, judicial, fiscal, and electoral districts as well as an important station on a regular mail connection between Ljubljana and Karlovac.
Trebnje's economic progress was facilitated by its favorable transport position at the intersection of local roads and a railway. Trebnje remained a small economic center of its agricultural surroundings until the end of Second World War despite this position. After 1958, when it became the center of a municipality and a new road between Ljubljana and Zagreb had been built, Trebnje developed metal, woodworking, textile, and construction industries.
Landmarks
The parish church in the town is dedicated to the Assumption of Mary and belongs to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Novo Mesto. It was first mentioned in written documents dating to 1163. The building dates to the mid-15th century. It was vaulted in 1645 and extended in the mid-18th century. At the main entrance of the church one can see a Roman stone relief of three busts, and the main altar's painting was made by Matevž Langus. A statue dedicated to Frederic Baraga, a missionary and linguist, stands in front of the church.
Trebnje Castle is a 13th-century castle on the right bank of the Temenica River south of the town centre. It was extended in the 17th and 18th century. It owes its current look to a 19th-century remodelling in the historicist style.
Transport
A railway has connected Trebnje with Novo Mesto and Ljubljana since 1894, and with the town of Sevnica since 1938. Part of the railway towards Sevnica up to the mining settlement of Krmelj was already built by 1908, although since 1996 Krmelj has not been included on it. Since 2010, the A2 motorway, traversing Slovenia from northwest to southeast, has run past Trebnje.
Notable persons
Notable people that were born or lived in Trebnje include:
Janez Verbič (1768–1849), veterinarian
Frederic Baraga (1797–1868), missionary and linguist, lived in Trebnje Castle in his youth
Antonija Höffern (1803–1871), educator, sister of Baraga
Franja Tomšič (1834–1922), mother of Rudolf Maister
Ema Peče (1873–1965), born in Stari Trg (now Trebnje), teacher, editor
Minka Govekar (1874–1950), teacher, translator, active in women's rights movement
Pavel Golia (1887–1959), poet, playwright, director of Drama theater
Vilma Bukovec (1920–2016), prima donna, soprano
Janez Gartnar (1928–2012), judge
Iva Zupančič (1931–2017), attended school in Trebnje, stage actress
References
External links
Trebnje on Geopedia
Cities and towns in Lower Carniola
Populated places in the Municipality of Trebnje | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trebnje |
Bastard Noise is an American noise band founded in 1991 by musicians Eric Wood, Henry Barnes, and W. T. Nelson. The project started as a type of sister band
to the trio's previous group Man Is The Bastard. While Man Is the Bastard broke-up in late 1997, the Bastard Noise project continued and acts as Wood's current project.
Early recordings from the group's extensive discography were mostly self-released and predominantly featured only electronics and vocals. Since its formation, however, Bastard Noise has made releases with underground labels such as Three One G, Relapse Records, Gravity Records, Deep Six, Vermiform Records, Robotic Empire, among others.
During live performances, Wood often recruits other musicians to perform with him, the likes of which have included Merzbow, Justin Pearson, Keiji Haino and most recently Saira Huff. Instruments such as the bass guitar and the drum kit were later incorporated down the band's history. Wood has expressed distaste for digital piracy and prefers to release his music elusively on physical formats, although he has made few digital-only releases in the past.
References
External links
Discography at discogs.com
review of Rogue Astronaut at Tiny Mix Tapes
review of Endless Blockade at Punknews.org
review of The Axiom of Post Inhumanity at Spin
review of Imminent Economic Collapse at CMJ New Music Monthly
American experimental musical groups
Noise musical groups
American electronic musicians
Alien8 Recordings artists
Alternative Tentacles artists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bastard%20Noise |
St Joseph's College Melbourne was a Roman Catholic secondary college which opened early in 1903 and closed at the end of 2010. It was part of the Association of Edmund Rice schools, founded and run in the tradition of the Christian Brothers. Between the years 2000 and 2009 it formally operated two campuses, a senior campus (VCE and VET) located in Queensberry Street, North Melbourne, Victoria and a junior campus (Years 7 – 10), in Brearley Parade, Pascoe Vale, Victoria. These two campuses were previously known as St. Joseph's College, North Melbourne and St. Joseph's College, Pascoe Vale respectively.
North
Throughout its life the school provided students, from a wide variety of cultural and economic backgrounds, with an opportunity to enter a range of careers. Many of its pupils went on to become respected members in their chosen fields which included the financial and business sectors, the medical profession, law and politics, industry, sporting and religious communities.
While the two campuses lacked the open playing fields of its wealthier cousins, students had access to a range of local facilities. The North Melbourne campus for example, close to the Melbourne City Centre, was within walking distance of world class universities, museums, libraries, historical and athletic venues. Likewise the Pascoe Vale campus was able to make use of several nearby ovals and both were close to excellent public transport links.
Sport
Sport was an important ingredient in the education of boys attending North. The school had its own football squad as early as 1906 when it played its first match against Christian Brothers College, St Kilda at Albert Park where it scored 2 points. As enrolments grew then so did the involvement in other sports, often in competition with other schools. Inter school athletics, handball and tennis competitions, such as those conducted by the Associated Catholic Secondary Schools organization, were held as early as 1914 when the College won the Athletics Championship for that year. Membership to organizations such as that and also the Combined Secondary Schools group, around 1920, was one of the key features of the schools early history.
The College was a founding member of the Associated Catholic Colleges, where it won competitions in various sports over the years. Their famous 70 meter long banners, North is Speed, Power, and a cheer squad, led by the Committee organizing War cries, or COW, where notable features of the annual competitions at the Olympic Park Stadium.
St Joseph's College students also became members of one of the schools sporting houses or teams. These built on the existing pastoral class groupings to generate team spirit during sporting carnivals with students wearing their team colors. These houses, later named after four early headmasters of the college, were:
Hogan McSweeney Geoghegan Kelly
College crest
At the time of amalgamation in 2000 a new logo was developed to represent the college. This logo was composed of pre-existing elements which were representative of the school's history and philosophy. Set on a traditional heraldic background, in the form of a shield, it features a rampant Gryphon protecting a smaller inner shield bearing a large shining star, a symbol used by the Christian Brothers, supported by smaller stars in the shape of the southern cross. The entire design sits above a ribbon which includes the words, "Luceat Lux Vestra". The symbol appeared on the newly designed College uniform, which included a blazer after a lapse of a number of years, and various College medallions. The logo was used extensively on College publications and documents including Cynosura, the annual school magazine.
Associated schools
Over its long 107-year history the college was associated with a number of schools at one time or another. These included many primary, or feeder schools, to which the college Old Boys Association offered scholarships up until the 1950s. The school also had connections with a number of higher secondary colleges such as St Kevin's and Parade, East Melbourne. Although not exhaustive this list includes most of those known.
College history
1903–1930
St. Joseph's owes its early beginnings, in part, to the establishment of St Mary's Primary School, West Melbourne some 50 years earlier. With high numbers of Catholic children in the area needing education, members of the Christian Brothers were asked to take control of existing schools at West Melbourne and at Carlton. At the same time they were to establish a Brothers community and a secondary school in Queensberry Street, North Melbourne and this was completed by the end of 1902. This 'community house' was the residence of Brothers teaching at St. Mary's, St. George's (Carlton), St. Joseph's, and for a time, St. Augustine's College, Yarraville. The total cost of the building and furnishings was a little over £4516, £3000 of which was provided by local parish priests. The combined enrolment of St. Mary's, St, Joseph's and St. George's was 550 boys in 1903.
In January 1903, Christian Brothers' High School, as it was then known, opened with an enrolment of 44 students. Staffed by three Christian Brothers, that number had grown to 112 by the beginning of 1904. Students were divided into eight classes; Second, Third, Fourth, Fifth and Sixth, a Commercial Class, Sub-Matriculation and Matriculation Class.
The first Principal was William J Hogan, followed by Francis A Kelly in 1904 and Matthew A Geoghegan in 1908. The first football team, featuring a large white star on its guernsey, was formed around 1906 and began a long tradition of involvement in a variety of sports. A year earlier a wooden handball court had been built, a first for any school in Melbourne and in 1913 this was replaced by a brick three wall court, said to be the best in Australia at the time.
Over the next five decades the school hosted State and Interstate handball championships at various times. The court continued to be used by the Victorian Handball Association up until at least 2010 but in the second half of the century the popularity of handball was surpassed by team sports such as Australian Football.
Early school Annuals indicate a variety of titles to identify the school and it was not until 1912 that the name "St. Joseph's" was formally added. Even though its naming varied slightly over the years, the school was more simply known to its students as "North".
In 1913 the North Old Boys Association was formed to assist the school in serving its expanding school population (200 pupils in 1909) and the increasing need for finances as the period after the First World War was an economically difficult one. In the early years both Primary and Secondary school classes were conducted on the Queensberry Street site. The school was able to achieve impressive educational results from its pupils in Junior and Senior University and Public Service Examinations as results published in early Annuals show.
Between 1918 and 1941, students wishing to study for their Leaving Certificate had to do so at St. Kevin's College. By 1921 the enrolment stood at 174 and handball had become the leading sport and both public and school tournaments were frequently held on the handball court.
1940–1960
By 1940 the Christian Brothers' felt that the school had expanded to the point where it was able to take over the provision of night classes in a Catholic Accountancy school for young men in the Melbourne area. The classes started with 40 or 50 students but expanded, post war, to around 200 and provided study allowing its pupils to attain membership to the Australian Society of Accountants. Hundreds of young men attended there until 1969 when the night school closed.
1951 saw the first Matriculation class of 23 students graduate from the College which meant that it had attained full secondary school status. During the Golden Jubilee year of 1953, 122 boys were members of the College Cadet unit and provided a martial spectacle as they paraded before visiting dignitaries. Arthur Calwell, a prominent politician and old boy, was a guest speaker on one occasion as was Archbishop Daniel Mannix.
During the 1950s the growing school population, due partly to the post War migration boom, forced the college to purchase land and eventually build a second school in the suburb of Pascoe Vale. In 1956 the Preparatory College, as it was then known, opened under the guidance of Ernest S Crowle as principal, who was himself an old boy of the college. In its early years it provided tuition in Grades 4, 5, 6 and Form 1 and had an initial enrolment of 274. By 1970 the school had become entirely secondary with classes comprising Form 1 to 4. Traditionally students completed their "junior" studies (Grades 7 to 10) at Pascoe Vale and then transferred to the "senior" campus in North Melbourne.
From its early beginnings the college was heavily involved in a range of sports and Australian Rules Football in particular. North's football teams were often considered tough opponents both within the local school competition and the Victorian Amateur Football Association (VAFA) as the North Old Boys Amateur Football Club, or NOB's, which it rejoined in 1964 after a lapse in membership. In 2005 the North club amalgamated with St Patrick's College, Ballarat to become North Old Boys St. Parick's College Amateur Football Club.
1980–2010
During the later 1970s, 80s and into the 1990s, the Preparatory School in Pascoe Vale South, also known as St. Joseph's Junior College, with enrolments averaging around 490, took on a more independent identity to eventually be known as St. Joseph's College, Pascoe Vale. It had a separate administration, principal, School Board, registration number, logo and annual magazine, known as Scythia, to set it apart from its parent school, North.
Beginning in 1997 preliminary discussions regarding the future of the two schools took place with a view to ensuring their continuing viability. The major issues included enrolments, student welfare, administrative structures, curriculum, staffing and finances. In 1998 the outcome of talks and independent reviews was that the schools should amalgamate within two years in order to remain a relevant and viable educational entity.
The year 2000 saw the two sites formally amalgamated under a new name and banner to become the one College. It retained the traditional College colours of purple and white and College motto. A common uniform, which included a navy blue blazer with monogrammed logo, became mandatory. In 2003 the total student population was approximately 750 cared for by a single Principal, two Campus Directors and 92 staff.
By 2008 the decision was made by Edmund Rice Education Australia (EREA) and the Christian Brothers to begin a phased closure of the college. The reasons behind the closure included falling enrolments (570 students), amenities and plant which had become outdated and partly rundown and issues related to student management and involvement. At the end of 2009 the Pascoe Vale campus closed and was stripped of any saleable assets; much was simply dumped leaving only the buildings. Those students who had stayed on were offered places, with some concessions, at other Catholic schools for the continuation of their studies. Likewise, staff, if they wished, were seconded to other schools prior to being declared redundant at the end of 2010. A number of past students were saddened by the closure of the school, they, and many parents, felt more could have been done by the Christian Brothers and EREA to allow it to remain open.
During an address given in 2002 the leader of the Congregation of Christian Brothers, Philip Pinto, alluded to another reason for the changes needed to the existing College structure. In that address he urged his fellow Brothers to return to Edmund Rice's vision; a renewed commitment to young people on the margins of society. It is best summed up in the following, "to look at life from the standpoint of the minority, the victim, the outcast, and the stranger. In doing so we will be giving hope to those who presently have little hope."
Dark days
In 2004 a former principal of St Joseph's Preparatory College, Pascoe Vale, Keith Weston, pleaded guilty to, and was convicted of, a number of assault cases. These cases related to students who attended Christian Brothers led organizations and schools. Weston died in 2014 before he could be interviewed by Victoria Police concerning other cases of assault which had been brought to their attention. His actions and those of others were acknowledged during a closure event at the Pascoe Vale campus in 2009.
Julian McDonald, in a newsletter published by the Christian Brothers, writes, "For us Christian Brothers, accepting the truth will mean acknowledging that a significant number of us have abused children in our care sexually, emotionally and physically. Abuse is, indeed, part of our sinful history." Weston was not alone as a minority of the members of the Congregation at a few schools also caused much hurt; as McDonald says in way of explaining this, "far too many [were] ill-equipped and ill-formed". On 1 June 2017, Wayne Tinsey, speaking for Edmund Rice Education Australia, made a formal apology to victims of sexual abuse who were also past students of Christian Brothers schools across the country.
Post 2010
In 2010 extensive refurbishment work was carried out on the Pascoe Vale site by its new owners and later reopened as Saint Joseph Campus of Antonine College. At the end of the 2010 academic year the North Melbourne campus closed with a final Commemorative Mass and a range of ceremonies attended by current and past students and staff. In 2011 the site was temporarily closed as plans for a new learning center were formulated.
At the beginning of 2012 St. Joseph's Flexible Learning Centre opened at the old St. Joseph's site in North Melbourne. It is part of the Youth Plus Network managed by Edmund Rice Education Australia and is just one of many such centers around Australia. Its aim is to, provide young people with an opportunity to re-engage in education in a supported learning environment. At the end of the 2014 academic year 292 students were officially enrolled full-time at the centre to work with the 50 staff, made up of teachers, social workers and support staff.
Alumni
Australian rules football
'North' produced more than 50 Victorian Football League players, some of whom are listed below. A number of others also played with the Victorian Football Association, other major leagues or served as coaches or administrators.
Stephen Alessio (player with Essendon Football Club)
Anthony Alessio (Australian Rules Footballer)
John Barker (Australian footballer) (player and coach with Fitzroy Football Club, Brisbane Lions and Hawthorn Football Club)
Bob Bradley (player with Essendon Football Club)
Ray Brew (player and past Captain of Carlton Football Club)
Edward Considine (player Essendon Football Club and Sydney Football Club)
Gerry Donnelly (player and past Captain of North Melbourne Football Club)
Laurie Dwyer (player with North Melbourne Football Club)
Leo Dwyer (player with North Melbourne Football Club)
Kevin Dynon (College Captain 1940, athlete, player and past captain of North Melbourne Football Club)
Tom Fitzmaurice (Australian Football Hall of Fame)
Anthony Franchina (player with Carlton Football Club)
Tony Furey (player with North Melbourne Football Club)
Shannon Grant (player with Sydney Football Club and North Melbourne Football Club)
Jack Green (player with Carlton Football Club and Hawthorn Football Club)
Aaron Hamill (player with Carlton Football Club)
John Harvey (Australian Rules Football Umpire)
Mark Hannebery (player with Collingwood Football Club, amateurs Captain and Coach)
Paul Koulouriotis (player with Port Adelaide Football Club and Geelong Football Club)
Allan La Fontaine (College Captain 1927, 28, 29, player and past captain of Melbourne Football Club)
Shane Maguire (Australian Rules Football administrator)
Jock McCorkell (player with North Melbourne Football Club)
Donald McDonald (player, assistant coach and administrator with North Melbourne Football Club)
Bill Spurling (player with Footscray Football Club)
Clergy
More than 100 boys were to become ordained priests representing ten different religious Orders. Of this number, four went on to become Bishops.
Matthew Beovich (archbishop of Adelaide)
Patrick Lyons (bishop)
Timothy McCarthy (CBE, Deputy Chaplain General of the Armed Forces)
John Aloysius Morgan (bishop)
John James Scullion (biblical scholar, writer and theologian)
Bernard Denis Stewart (bishop of Sandhurst)
General
More than 75 past pupils served in the army during World War I. Of those 16 died while on active service. During World War II, over 780 past pupils served in the military forces; 28 died on active service and ten became prisoners of war.
Damien Broderick, PhD (Science and Science Fiction writer and editor)
Paul Coghlan (Judge of the Supreme Court of Victoria)
William Cremor CBE (army leader and educationalist)
John Hamilton (professor, Melbourne University)
Paul Lacava (Judge of the County Court of Victoria)
Reginald Byron Leonard (journalism, army information service)
Adrian Martin (Australian film and arts critic)
Leonard Ostrowski (Victorian County Court Judge)
William Pitney (leading haematologist and educator)
Terry Freeman ("Keeper of the Roses", Flemington racecourse)
Ron Tandberg (journalist and cartoonist)
Ivo Vellar (professor of surgery, University of Melbourne
Brian Watson AO (businessman and founding member of the Board of Guardians of the Future Fund)
Politics and public service
Thomas Brennan (Victorian state politician)
Arthur Calwell (former Opposition Party Leader)
Sir Francis Raymond Connelly (former Lord Mayor of Melbourne)
George Fewster (Victorian politician)
James Gobbo, AC, CVO, QC (born 22 March 1931), 25th Governor of Victoria
Peter Kavanagh (member of Victorian Parliament, Leader of DLP (Democratic Labour Party))
John Kavanagh (local government councillor and past Mayor of Moreland City Council)
Nick McKenna (Australian politician)
Frank McManus (politician)
Victor Perton (member of Victorian Parliament, Member of LP (Liberal Party))
Bob Santamaria (social commentator)
Richard Wynne (MLA for Richmond)
Sport
Wayne Carroll (basketball)
Frank Casanelia (horse racing)
Phil Cleary (sportsman and social commentator)
Tony Dodemaide (test cricketer – Australia)
Jack Elliott OAM (leading horse racing journalist and presenter)
Michael Ferrante (A-League football player)
Paul Hibbert (test cricketer – Australia)
Fred Italiano (Australian champion handball player)
Patrick (Paddy) Kelly (horse racing – leading jockey)
Leo O'Brien (test cricketer – Australia)
Andrew Nabbout (A-League football player for Melbourne Victory)
Paul Stoddart (business and sporting entrepreneur)
College principals
CBC, North Melbourne
1903 William Hogan
1904–1907 Francis Kelly
1908–1916 Matthew Geoghegan
1917 Edmund Keniry
1918 Matthew Geoghegan
1919 Br's Geoghegan, Hanrahan and Kelly
1920–1921 Francis Kelly
1922–1923 James O'Brien
1924–1925 Laurence Tevlin
1926–1928 Terence Bourke
1929–1930 John O'Shea
1931–1933 James Fagan
1934–1937 Jeremiah McSweeney
1938–1943 Joseph King
1944–1946 Joseph Turpin
1947–1951 Hugh Boylan
1952–1956 Ernest Crowle
1957–1959 John Saul
1960–1965 Ron Stewart
1966–1968 Albert Kilpatrick
1969–1974 George Frances
1975–1980 Reginald Long
1981–1986 Kevin Buckley
1987–1991 Peter Richardson
1992–1999 Kevin Buckley
St Josephs Pascoe Vale
1956–1959 Ernest Crowle
1960–1965 Bernard Hayes
1966–1971 Keith Weston
1972–1974 Kevin Gall
1975–1977 Trevor Dean
1978–1983 Tony Smith
1984 Peter O'Donoghue
1985–1987 James Peart
1988–1993 Patrick Smith
1994–1997 Kevin Laws
1998–1999 Frank Hennessy
St Josephs College Melbourne
2000–2004 Stephen McIllhatton
2004 Laurie Collins
2005–2009 Maree Johnson
2009–2010 Ted Javernik
School song and war cry
See also
Victorian Certificate of Education
List of schools in Victoria, Australia
Education in Australia
Congregation of Christian Brothers
References
External links
A new life for North ! - North Melbourne Flexible Learning Centre
Edmund Rice Education Australia website
North Old Boys St Patricks College Amateur Football Club
Handball article 1928
St Oliver Plunketts Primary School, Pascoe Vale
St Pauls Primary School, Coburg
St Fidelis Catholic Primary School, Moreland
St Marks Catholic Parish Primary School, Fawkner
St Matthews Catholic Primary School, North Fawkner
St Thomas More Primary School, Hadfield
St Josephs School, West Brunswick
St Brendans Primary School, Flemington
St Monicas Parish Primary School, Moonee Ponds
Defunct Catholic schools in Australia
Educational institutions established in 1903
1903 establishments in Australia
Educational institutions disestablished in 2010
2010 disestablishments in Australia
Former Congregation of Christian Brothers schools in Australia
Buildings and structures in the City of Melbourne (LGA) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St%20Joseph%27s%20College%2C%20Melbourne |
Trnovska Vas (; ) is a settlement in the Municipality of Trnovska Vas in northeastern Slovenia. It is the seat of the municipality. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included in the Drava Statistical Region. The settlement lies on the regional road from Ptuj to Lenart v Slovenskih Goricah in the Pesnica Valley.
The local parish church is dedicated to Saint Wolfgang and belongs to the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Maribor. It dates to the 18th century.
References
External links
Trnovska Vas on Geopedia
Populated places in the Municipality of Trnovska vas | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trnovska%20Vas |
Spyros Vallas (; born 26 August 1981) is a Greek former professional footballer. Vallas, a defender, started his career at Skoda Xanthi, and transferred to Olympiacos in July 2003. He played for Larissa on loan for one season, 2006–2007. He returned to his first team, Skoda Xanthi, in July 2007. He was Young Player of the year in the 2002 season. On 26 September 2014, he announced his decision to retire from professional football.
Vallas competed for the Greece Olympic team at the 2004 Summer Olympics.
Honours
Olympiacos
Greek Super League: (2) : 2004–05, 2005–06
Greek Cup: (2) : 2004–05, 2005–06; Runner-up 2003–04
Larissa
Greek Cup: (1) : 2006–07
References
1981 births
Living people
People from Elassona
Greek men's footballers
Greece men's international footballers
Greece men's under-21 international footballers
Olympic footballers for Greece
Footballers at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Olympiacos F.C. players
Xanthi F.C. players
Athlitiki Enosi Larissa F.C. players
Super League Greece players
Men's association football defenders
Footballers from Thessaly | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spyros%20Vallas |
Trzin ( or ; ) is a town in the eastern part of the Upper Carniola region of Slovenia. It is the seat of the Municipality of Trzin and also the only settlement in the municipality.
Trzin has a population of 3,922. Its elevation is above sea level. The town is divided into three parts: the old quarter, Mlake (the new quarter), and the trade-industrial zone. The oldest part of the town is located between Onger Hill to the west and the Mengeš Basin () to the east. Trzin's elementary school, town hall, library, fire station, and the 14th-century St. Florian's Church, as well as a number of farms, are all in this part of the town.
Mlake, which is located on the west side of Onger Hill, has banks, a preschool, a leisure centre, and several pubs. It was built on a former swamp. The trade and industrial zone is the newest part of Trzin, built in 1985.
The Slovene politician and journalist Ivan Hribar was born in Trzin.
History
The oldest preserved document to mention Trzin is dated 15 May 1273. The document is a confirmation by the Carniolan state governor that a certain Vilijem Svibenjki yielded rights to six farms in Trzin on the behalf of the German nobility; the town is mentioned under the name of Direzin. Later documents refer to the town as Terzzein, Terzeyn, Trezein, and Tersein.
Roman archaeological excavations testify to Roman settlements because the Roman road from Emona to Celeia led through Trzin. A local quarry has yielded a Neolithic stone hatchet, which proves the presence of a permanent settlement of this area.
Johann Weikhard von Valvasor described the inhabitants of Trzin as being renowned for making excellent beds, fishing nets, fishing rods and ropes, although they were mostly stock farmers. The local sausage makers are supposedly the "inventors" of Carniola sausage (Kranjska klobasa).
Together with inhabitants of Mengeš and Goričice, the people of Trzin defeated the Turks on Mengeš Field. On 8 September 1813, they fought with Napoleon's Austrian soldiers on Mengeš Field, attacking the 7,000 Frenchmen led by General Belotti.
During the French annexation, brigands flourished in the area, some staying after the French forces had pulled back. According to a well-known story, the most famous brigand, Dimež (Franc Sicherl) and his accomplice Pepelnak (Matijc Mlakar), were killed by the smoke of Trzin's brickyard, on 20 January 1862.
Men from Trzin fought in World War I on the northern border under Rudolf Maister. Eleven men from Trzin fell and four were recorded as missing. During World War I, a nearby airport was used as a base for thirty-two airplanes. During World War II, 25 townsfolk were killed, three died as hostages, five other inhabitants died in internment, and 79 were evicted from their homes.
Trzin played an important role in the Slovenian Independence War of 1991, when the army of the Slovenian Territorial Defence and the Yugoslav People's Army fought on the bridge over the Pšata River on 27 June 1991. Four soldiers from the Yugoslav People's Army were killed, along with one Territorial Defence member.
Until 1998, Trzin was part of the Municipality of Domžale.
Economy
Trzin has a rich history in manufacturing handicrafts, with its residents being renowned for their proficiency in trade, hospitality, butchery, baking, leatherworking, tailoring, carpentry, blacksmithing and brickworks. Following World War II and the advent of communism, many craftsmen left their trade. However, in the 80s and 90s, due to the establishment of the Trzin's business and trade district, the city saw a gradual improvement in its small and medium business sector.
The industrial zone was founded in 1985 and began operating in 1987. Nowadays, 868 companies do business in Trzin, including KIMI d.o.o., which is the first private company to begin operating in Trzin, in 1988. It manufactures paints, varnishes and other chemical products. It employs over 50 workers.
Church
In the past, St. Florian's Church underwent several renovations, including after the 1895 Ljubljana earthquake. It contains works by several renowned artists, including Franc Jelovšek, L. Layer, M. Koželj, and Jože Plečnik. The church, which was first documented in 1526, has been the seat of an independent parish since 1974.
Other institutions
Trzin Primary School was founded in 1985. Prior to this, children in Trzin went to school in Mengeš or Domžale. The new school was initially named Edvard Kardelj Elementary School, after a leading member of the Communist Party, but its name was changed after independence was declared. The school was expanded between 2003 and 2005. Today, it has eighteen sections (first to ninth grade) instructing more than 350 children. It offers a wide range of activities in culture, science, social sciences, technical subjects, and sports. Two preschool groups, called Thumbelina () and Frogs (), provide childcare facilities.
Starting in 1894, Trzin had its own municipality and gendarmerie. Municipal matters were run by a judge, with two assistants. On the formation of municipalities in the second half of the 19th century, Trzin received a local office, which operated independently until the German annexation, when Trzin was joined to the Municipality of Mengeš. In the first election in which councillors of the local people's committees were elected, the town was re-joined to Mengeš. In 1970, Trzin regained its autonomy within the municipality of Domžale. Trzin became an independent municipality in 1998. The mayor of the Municipality of Trzin is Peter Ložar.
The Onger Hiking Club, which was founded in 1983, is named after the hill that divides the old and new parts of Trzin.
References
External links
Trzin on Geopedia
Populated places in the Municipality of Trzin | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trzin |
George Ramsey Irvine (February 1, 1948 – May 8, 2017) was an American professional basketball player and coach. A 6'6" forward, Irvine played collegiately at the University of Washington, where he was a first-team All-Pac-8 selection in 1970. He was selected by the Seattle SuperSonics in the 8th round of the 1970 NBA draft. However, he never played for his hometown SuperSonics, nor for any other NBA team. Instead, Irvine opted to play for the team that selected him in the American Basketball Association draft, the Virginia Squires. Irvine played for the Squires for five seasons and then played a final pro season with the Denver Nuggets during the 1975–76 season, the ABA's final season prior to the ABA-NBA merger.
Irvine would later serve as head coach for two NBA teams; the Indiana Pacers, for two stints, and the Detroit Pistons. He was inducted into the Pac-12 Basketball Hall of Honor during the 2012 Pac-12 Conference men's basketball tournament, March 10, 2012. He died on May 8, 2017, at the age of 69 of cancer.
Head coaching record
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|Indiana
| style="text-align:left;"|
|82||22||60|||| style="text-align:center;"|4th in Atlantic||—||—||—||—
| style="text-align:center;"|Missed Playoffs
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|Indiana
| style="text-align:left;"|
|82||26||56|||| style="text-align:center;"|6th in Central||—||—||—||—
| style="text-align:center;"|Missed Playoffs
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|Indiana
| style="text-align:left;"|
|20||6||14|||| style="text-align:center;"|—||—||—||—||—
| style="text-align:center;"|—
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|Detroit
| style="text-align:left;"|
|24||14||10|||| style="text-align:center;"|4th in Central||3||0||3||
| style="text-align:center;"|Lost in First Round
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|Detroit
| style="text-align:left;"|
|82||32||50|||| style="text-align:center;"|5th in Central||—||—||—||—
| style="text-align:center;"|Missed Playoffs
|- class="sortbottom"
| style="text-align:left;"|Career
| ||290||100||190|||| ||3||0||3||
References
External links
George Irvine playing statistics at basketball-reference.com
George Irvine Coach Info at NBA.com
1948 births
2017 deaths
American men's basketball coaches
American men's basketball players
Ballard High School (Seattle, Washington) alumni
Basketball coaches from Washington (state)
Basketball players from Seattle
Deaths from cancer in Washington (state)
Denver Nuggets assistant coaches
Denver Nuggets players
Detroit Pistons assistant coaches
Detroit Pistons head coaches
Golden State Warriors assistant coaches
Indiana Pacers assistant coaches
Indiana Pacers head coaches
Seattle SuperSonics draft picks
Small forwards
Virginia Squires players
Washington Huskies men's basketball players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Irvine%20%28basketball%29 |
Velika Polana (; ) is a town in Slovenia. It is the seat of the Municipality of Velika Polana.
It has been designated a "stork village" (i.e., a settlement with 10 or more stork nests). It was also the home of the Slovene writer Miško Kranjec. The house where he was born (which is also the tourist information office) can be visited. The village is surrounded by fenland and fields of sunflowers, pumpkins, and wheat. Črnec Creek, a tributary of the Ledava, flows past the settlement. The best way to explore the area is by cycling or walking the numerous trails.
Church
The parish church in the settlement is dedicated to the Sacred Heart of Jesus and belongs to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Murska Sobota. It was built in 1924.
Notable people
Notable people that were born or lived in Velika Polana include:
Miško Kranjec (1908–1983), writer
References
External links
Velika Polana on Geopedia
Populated places in the Municipality of Velika Polana | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Velika%20Polana |
Veržej () is a settlement in northeastern Slovenia. It is the seat of the Municipality of Veržej. It lies on the right bank of the Mura River. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. The municipality is now included in the Mura Statistical Region. It was known for fields of white narcisi that bloom in the area in springtime.
Name
Veržej was attested in historical sources as Schepfendorf in 1280–95, Wernse in 1354, and Werensee in 1445, among other names and spellings. The name may be derived from Middle High German Wernsee, a compound of were 'entrenchment' and sê 'lake'. A less likely hypothesis connects the name with a Balto-Slavic root related to Lithuanian viržis 'heather'.
Church
The parish church in the settlement is dedicated to Saint Michael and belongs to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Murska Sobota. It was built in the early 18th century on the site of an older wooden church. It was renovated between 2007 and 2008 and a new chapel was added to the building.
Notable people
Notable people that were born or lived in Veržej include:
Slavko Osterc (1895–1941), composer
References
External links
Veržej on Geopedia
Populated places in the Municipality of Veržej | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ver%C5%BEej |
The Municipality of Videm () is a municipality in Slovenia. It includes part of the flatlands south of Ptuj and extends beyond the Dravinja River into the Haloze Hills to the south. The area belongs to the traditional region of Styria. It is now included in the Drava Statistical Region. The administrative centre of the municipality is the settlement of Videm pri Ptuju.
Settlements
In addition to the town of Videm pri Ptuju, the municipality also includes the following settlements:
Barislovci
Belavšek
Berinjak
Dolena
Dravci
Dravinjski Vrh
Gradišče
Jurovci
Lancova Vas
Ljubstava
Majski Vrh
Mala Varnica
Pobrežje
Popovci
Repišče
Sela
Skorišnjak
Soviče
Spodnji Leskovec
Strmec pri Leskovcu
Šturmovci
Trdobojci
Trnovec
Tržec
Vareja
Velika Varnica
Veliki Okič
Zgornja Pristava
Zgornji Leskovec
References
External links
Municipality of Videm on Geopedia
Videm municipal site
Populated places in the Municipality of Videm
Videm | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipality%20of%20Videm |
Neopanax arboreus or five finger (Māori: puahou or whauwhaupaku), is a New Zealand native tree belonging to the family Araliaceae. It is one of New Zealand's more common native trees, being found widely in bush, scrub and gardens throughout both islands. The compound leaves with five to seven leaflets, hence the common name, are very characteristic of the tree and easily recognized.
Closely related and very similar to five finger are N. laetus, N. colensoi, and N. macintyrei.
Description
Leaflets obovate-oblong to oblong-cuneate, thinly coriaceous, coarsely serrate-dentate. Flowers usually unisexual; inflorescences are compound umbels with 8-20 primary branchlets up to 10 cm long, 15-20 secondary rays, umbellules with 10-15 flowers in each. Calyx truncate or obscurely 5-toothed; flowers 5mm in diameter, sweet-scented; petals 5, white to pink flushed, ovate to triangular, acute; stamens 5; ovary 2-loculed, each containing 1(-2) ovules; style branches 2, spreading. Fruit fleshy, very dark purple, laterally compressed, 5–8 mm diam.; style branches retained on an apical disc. Seeds 2(-3) per fruit, wrinkled, 3–6 mm long.
Ecology
Neopanax arboreus is a host species for the caterpillar of the endemic North Island moth Declana atronivea.
References
New Zealand Plant Conservation Network, URL:Pseudopanax arboreus. Accessed 2010-10-04.
Araliaceae
Trees of New Zealand
Endemic flora of New Zealand | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neopanax%20arboreus |
Vitanje (, formerly Vitanje trg, sometimes Vitanjski trg, ) is a small town in northeastern Slovenia. It is the seat of the Municipality of Vitanje. It lies on the Hudinja River north of Celje. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria and is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region. From the 11th century onwards it became a regional centre and was granted market rights in 1306.
History
In 1953, the main settlement of Vitanje Trg was merged with neighboring Vitanje Vas to create the combined settlement of Vitanje.
Church
The parish church in the settlement stands in Vitanje Vas and is dedicated to Saints Peter and Paul. It belongs to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Celje. Its nave dates to the early 13th century with 14th-century frescos, a 15th-century sanctuary, and 18th-century side chapels. A second church in the settlement is dedicated to Mary Help of Christians. It was built between 1747 and 1754 and its spire heightened in 1812.
Cultural centre
In 2012, the Cultural Centre of European Space Technologies (KSEVT) was built in Vitanje. The building is on the one hand the main cultural venue of Vitanje and on the other hand an institute for composite research of art and science in space. The KSEVT organizes research activities, exhibitions, conferences, symposia, and educational workshops.
References
External links
Vitanje on Geopedia
Populated places in the Municipality of Vitanje | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vitanje |
Dennis Martin Walling (born April 17, 1954) is a former Major League Baseball player. Walling played all or parts of 18 seasons in the majors, from 1975 to 1992. His most frequent position was third base, but he also saw significant time as an outfielder and first baseman.
Walling may be best known as a pinch-hitting specialist for the Houston Astros. Nicknamed "Good Wood", Walling was a valuable bat off the bench for most of his career. Entering the 2009 season, his 108 career pinch hits are tied for 13th all-time. He hit .271 with 799 hits in 2,945 lifetime at bats with 49 home runs and 380 RBI in 1,271 games. Walling served as the hitting coach for the Norfolk Tides, the Triple-A affiliate of the Baltimore Orioles before Butch Davis
Amateur career
Walling grew up in Farmingdale, New Jersey, and played baseball at Howell High School in New Jersey.
Walling played college baseball at Clemson University. He was drafted by the St. Louis Cardinals in the 8th round of the 1974 Major League Baseball Draft, but he chose to remain at Clemson. He was then drafted in the secondary phase of the 1975 draft by the Oakland Athletics.
Professional playing career
Oakland
Walling began his professional career as an outfielder. Three months after being drafted by the A's, and before he appeared in a game in the minor leagues, Walling made his major league debut on September 7, 1975. He appeared in six games for Oakland down the stretch, getting one hit in eight at bats for a batting average of .125.
Walling opened the next season in the minors with the Chattanooga Lookouts, the A's Class-AA affiliate. After batting .257 in 115 games for Chattanooga, Walling was again in Oakland in September. This time, he played just three games, going 3-for-11 for a .273 average.
In , Walling was back in the minors to start the year, but played just three games for the Class-AAA San Jose Missions in the first two months due to injuries. On June 15, Walling was traded to the Houston Astros for outfielder Willie Crawford, who was playing his last season in the majors after a long career.
Houston
After being traded to the Astros, Walling was assigned to Class-AAA Charleston Charlies. He played 29 games for Charleston and batted .348. It would be the last time Walling played in the minor leagues for over a decade. He was once again promoted to the majors in September, this time playing in six games, going 6-for-21 (.286 average) with 6 RBI.
In , Walling was the closest thing the Astros had to a regular left fielder, playing 49 games there, more than anyone else on the team. However, even then, he made more appearances as a pinch hitter than in the field, as he played only 55 of his 120 games as an outfielder. The Astrodome was a notoriously difficult place to be a batter, but Walling managed to be about an average major league hitter, posting an OPS+ of exactly 100. Overall, Walling batted .251 for the Astros, with 36 RBI.
Over the next ten seasons, Walling played much the same role on the Astros, generally playing only against right-handed pitchers. For his career, Walling batted seven times as often against righties as against left-handed pitchers, prompted perhaps by his significantly lower batting average (.276 vs. righties, .236 vs. lefties) and slugging percentage (.399, .330). Statistically, his best year was , when he set career highs in several categories, most notably in home runs (13) and RBI (58) while batting .312 in 130 games.
During this time, he shifted all over the field, playing good chunks of time at first base in , and , while playing mostly third base from until , when he was traded to the St. Louis Cardinals on August 31 for pitcher Bob Forsch.
In Game 3 of the 1980 National League Championship Series, Walling hit a ball that was caught by the left fielder in a tie game of the 9th inning that gave the runner at third base (Joe Morgan had hit a triple before being replaced by a pinch runner) enough room to score to win the game. It was the first walk-off postseason hit in Astros history. In Game 2 of the 1981 National League Division Series, Walling hit a walk-off single against the Dodgers, which was just the second walk-off postseason hit for the Astros in their history. It would be their last walk-off win until 1998.
Cardinals
Walling played two and a half seasons in St. Louis, mostly as a pinch hitter. While he batted .304 in in 79 at bats, he batted just .220 in , and was allowed to become a free agent at the end of the season.
End of career
Going into , Walling signed with the Texas Rangers. However, he went just 4-for-44 in 27 games, for a batting average of just .091. He had just one double and three singles among his hits, and had just 2 RBI. He was released by the Rangers in June, and did not play professionally for the rest of the season. In , Walling briefly attempted a comeback with his longtime team, the Houston Astros. However, he batted just three times with one hit before retiring.
Coaching career
After his playing career ended, Walling remained in baseball as a coach. In the major leagues, he has served as the hitting coach for the Athletics from until , and for the New York Mets from until . In both positions, he served under manager Art Howe, who was his teammate in Houston. In , he was hired by the Orioles as their roving minor league instructor and later became the hitting coach for the Norfolk Tides.
References
External links
1954 births
Living people
Brookdale Jersey Blues baseball players
Oakland Athletics players
Houston Astros players
Howell High School (New Jersey) alumni
St. Louis Cardinals players
Texas Rangers players
Oakland Athletics coaches
New York Mets coaches
Major League Baseball third basemen
Major League Baseball first basemen
People from Farmingdale, New Jersey
People from Neptune Township, New Jersey
Baseball players from Monmouth County, New Jersey
Major League Baseball hitting coaches
Chattanooga Lookouts players
San Jose Missions players
Charleston Charlies players
Tucson Toros players
Oklahoma City 89ers players
Senadores de San Juan players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denny%20Walling |
Vojnik (; ) is the largest settlement and the centre of the Municipality of Vojnik in eastern Slovenia. It lies on the Hudinja River, north of Celje. The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Styria. The municipality is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region.
Locals make their living from farming, but there are also many small businesses. Vojnik was first mentioned as a borough in 1306. There were many fires in the town, and the town even burned to the ground in 1839.
Name
Vojnik was first attested in written sources in 1165 as de Hoheneke (and as Hohnec in 1173, Hohenekke circa 1175, and Hohenek in 1199). The medieval German forms of the name (literally, 'high hill') are the result of folk etymology. The name is derived from *Xvojьnikъ, from Slavic *xvoja 'fir, spruce'. Accentual evidence makes the name's derivation from *vojьnikъ 'soldier' unlikely. In the past, the standard German name of the town was Hochenegg.
Churches
The parish church in the settlement is dedicated to Saint Bartholomew () and belongs to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Celje. It is a Neo-Romanesque building dating to 1899. A second church in the settlement is dedicated to Saint Florian. It dates to the mid-15th century and has a Gothic sanctuary with a 17th-century nave.
Mass graves
Vojnik is the site of three known mass graves from the period immediately after the Second World War. The Višnja Vas 1 Mass Grave (), also known as the Hmezad Mass Grave (), is located north of the settlement, north of the building at Vojnik no. 2, at a new construction site that was the location of a former wooden shed for the Hmezad company. The grave contains the remains of about 100 Croatian soldiers and civilians that were murdered in May 1945 while fleeing towards Dobrna. The Višnja Vas 2 Mass Grave () is located north of the settlement, on the right side of the road from Celje to Slovenske Konjice, south of the building at Vojnik no. 2 and north of the house at Vojnik no. 5. It contains the remains of Croatian civilians that were murdered in May 1945 while fleeing towards Dobrna. The Vojnik Mass Grave () lies west of the settlement, in the parking lot in front of the cemetery and below the funeral chapel. It contains the remains of 100 to 200 Croatian civilians and soldiers that were murdered in May 1945.
Notable people
Notable people that were born or lived in Vojnik include:
(1853–1923), pedagogue, journalist, and political activist
Doroteja Hauser (1877–1946), painter
Karel Henn (1809–1877), founder of a Slovenian spa and promoter of the still mineral water pump
Anton Novačan (1887–1951), author, politician, and diplomat
Anton Martin Slomšek (1800–1862), Roman Catholic bishop and orator
References
External links
Vojnik on Geopedia
Populated places in the Municipality of Vojnik | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vojnik%2C%20Vojnik |
Vransko (; ) is a small town in central Slovenia. It is the seat of the Municipality of Vransko. It lies on the western edge of the Savinja Valley. This area is part of the traditional region of Styria. The municipality is now part of the Savinja Statistical Region.
Name
Vransko was attested in historical sources as Vrensk in 1123–1146, Wraynçke in 1302, Vrensch in 1339, and Vraensch in 1341. The name is derived via ellipsis from *Vransko selo 'Vran's village', referring to an early individual associated with the place.
Church
The parish church in the settlement is dedicated to Archangel Michael and belongs to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Celje. It was first mentioned in written documents dating to 1123 with various extensions and rebuilding over the centuries. It is now a three-naved church. One of the chapels contains an altar by the Baroque sculptor Francesco Robba.
References
External links
Vransko on Geopedia
Populated places in the Municipality of Vransko | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vransko |
The Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff limit (or TOV limit) is an upper bound to the mass of cold, non-rotating neutron stars, analogous to the Chandrasekhar limit for white dwarf stars. If the mass of a neutron star reaches the limit it will collapse to a denser form, most likely a black hole.
Theoretical work in 1996 placed the limit at approximately 1.5 to 3.0 solar masses, corresponding to an original stellar mass of 15 to 20 solar masses; additional work in the same year gave a more precise range of 2.2 to 2.9 solar masses.
Observations of GW170817, the first gravitational wave event due to merging neutron stars (which are thought to have collapsed into a black hole within a few seconds after merging), placed the limit in the range of 2.01 to 2.17 (solar masses).
In the case of a rigidly spinning neutron star, the mass limit is thought to increase by up to 18–20%.
History
The idea that there should be an absolute upper limit for the mass of a cold (as distinct from thermal pressure supported) self-gravitating body dates back to the 1932 work of Lev Landau, based on the Pauli exclusion principle. Pauli's principle shows that the fermionic particles in sufficiently compressed matter would be forced into energy states so high that their rest mass contribution would become negligible when compared with the relativistic kinetic contribution (RKC). RKC is determined just by the relevant quantum wavelength , which would be of the order of the mean interparticle separation. In terms of Planck units, with the reduced Planck constant , the speed of light , and the gravitational constant all set equal to one, there will be a corresponding pressure given roughly by
At the upper mass limit, that pressure will equal the pressure needed to resist gravity. The pressure to resist gravity for a body of mass will be given according to the virial theorem roughly by
where is the density. This will be given by , where is the relevant mass per particle. It can be seen that the wavelength cancels out so that one obtains an approximate mass limit formula of the very simple form
In this relationship, can be taken to be given roughly by the proton mass. This even applies in the white dwarf case (that of the Chandrasekhar limit) for which the fermionic particles providing the pressure are electrons. This is because the mass density is provided by the nuclei in which the neutrons are at most about as numerous as the protons. Likewise the protons, for charge neutrality, must be exactly as numerous as the electrons outside.
In the case of neutron stars this limit was first worked out by J. Robert Oppenheimer and George Volkoff in 1939, using the work of Richard Chace Tolman. Oppenheimer and Volkoff assumed that the neutrons in a neutron star formed a degenerate cold Fermi gas. They thereby obtained a limiting mass of approximately 0.7 solar masses, which was less than the Chandrasekhar limit for white dwarfs. Taking account of the strong nuclear repulsion forces between neutrons, modern work leads to considerably higher estimates, in the range from approximately 1.5 to 3.0 solar masses. The uncertainty in the value reflects the fact that the equations of state for extremely dense matter are not well known.
Applications
In a neutron star less massive than the limit, the weight of the star is balanced by short-range repulsive neutron–neutron interactions mediated by the strong force and also by the quantum degeneracy pressure of neutrons, preventing collapse. If its mass is above the limit, the star will collapse to some denser form. It could form a black hole, or change composition and be supported in some other way (for example, by quark degeneracy pressure if it becomes a quark star). Because the properties of hypothetical, more exotic forms of degenerate matter are even more poorly known than those of neutron-degenerate matter, most astrophysicists assume, in the absence of evidence to the contrary, that a neutron star above the limit collapses directly into a black hole.
A black hole formed by the collapse of an individual star must have mass exceeding the Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff limit. Theory predicts that because of mass loss during stellar evolution, a black hole formed from an isolated star of solar metallicity can have a mass of no more than approximately 10 solar masses.:Fig. 16 Observationally, because of their large mass, relative faintness, and X-ray spectra, a number of massive objects in X-ray binaries are thought to be stellar black holes. These black hole candidates are estimated to have masses between 3 and 20 solar masses. LIGO has detected black hole mergers involving black holes in the 7.5–50 solar mass range; it is possible – although unlikely – that these black holes were themselves the result of previous mergers.
List of the most massive neutron stars
Below is a list of neutron stars. These include rotating neutron stars and thus are not directly related to the TOV Limit.
List of least massive black holes
Below is a list of black holes.
List of objects in mass gap
This list contains objects that may be neutron stars, black holes, quark stars, or other exotic objects. This list is distinct from the list of least massive black holes due to the undetermined nature of these objects, largely because of indeterminate mass, or other poor observation data.
See also
Tolman–Oppenheimer–Volkoff equation
Bekenstein bound
Quark star
Notes
References
Astrophysics
Neutron stars
Black holes
J. Robert Oppenheimer | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tolman%E2%80%93Oppenheimer%E2%80%93Volkoff%20limit |
Pantelis Kafes (; born 24 June 1978) is a Greek former professional footballer who played as a midfielder. He was known for being one of very few outfield players to have worn the number 1 jersey and has won acclaim for his creative abilities and passing skills.
Club career
Pontioi Veria
He started playing professional football in January 1995 at the age of 17 for Pontioi Veria. The club were relegated to the third division that summer and the following May were demoted again. The one shining light was Kafes, who joined PAOK in January 1997.
PAOK
Kafes burst on to the Alpha Ethniki scene in 1998–99, scoring seven times. He continued to impress and was instrumental in PAOK's 2000–01 and 2002–03 Greek Cup triumphs. Yet his spell in Thessaloniki ended acrimoniously as he was released from his contract after a dispute over unpaid wages. Olympiacos stepped in with a three-year contract.
Olympiacos
He was ever-present in his first season at Olympiacos as they finished second in the Alpha Ethniki in 2003, and made his first UEFA Champions League appearances, five in all. Kafes played in the majority of Olympiacos' league matches on their way to the domestic double, and only a mid-season injury preventing him from matching his record in Europe, where he took part in all of the club's Champions League and UEFA Cup games. Likewise for next season, 2005–2006, where he played 22 domestic league games, earned another double and scored two truly memorable tying goals from the edge of the box for Olympiacos in the UEFA Champions League against Real Madrid. the goal of Raul at the Estadio Santiago Bernabéu. On 19 October 2005, he scored also against Olympique Lyonnais. Kafes was released from Olympiacos during 2006–07 season. A few days later he signed a 2-year contract with rival side AEK Athens.
AEK Athens
Soon after signing for AEK and continuing his tradition of wearing the number 1, Kafes broke into the first team and was a mainstay in AEK's fight for the championship, but they had to settle for second. The following season on 12 January 2008 Kafes scored his first goal for AEK against Veria. On 30 March of the same year, Kafes scored against his former club Olympiacos and put AEK 4–0 in front. AEK initially finished in first place in the Greek League, but after the court case between Apollon Kalamaria and Olympiacos for the illegal usage of a player (Roman Wallner) in the 1–0 Apollon Kalamaria win earlier in the season, Olympiacos were awarded the 3 points in a court hearing, thus finishing 2 points ahead of AEK Olympiacos. In his third season with the "Dikefalos-Aetos", AEK did not live up to their expectations and finished third, Kafes was a key figure in there revival inwich he captained the side on a few occasions. On 12 June 2009, Kafes signed a new 3-year deal which will keep him at AEK until 2012. He agreed to reduce his wages to help the club's financial difficulties. On 11 July 2009, Kafes was given the captain's armband and will be the new captain for the upcoming season. On 13 September 2009, Kafes scored his first goal of the 2009–10 season versus Iraklis. Kafes also scored 2 goals against PAS Giannina. He has made great appearances throughout the 2009–10 season, with much silent work as a defensive midfielder and some great assists to his teammates. On 30 April 2011, Kafes won the 2010–11 Greek Football Cup and scored AEK's third goal in a 3–0 win against Atromitos. Kafes scored his first goal in the 2011–12 season against Panionios in a 1–0 home win on 5 February 2012. The season was his last with AEK.
Veria
Pantelis Kafes left AEK in June. He trialed with Rangers F.C. in Scotland but did not sign with the financially troubled club. After being free agent for 2 months, on 31 August he joined back to his hometown team Veria FC. He scored his first goal with his new team 6 October 2012 against Atromitos and on 12 December 2012, he made his debut in Greek Cup with Veria FC against Thrasyvoulos and 22 December, he helped his new team to qualify for the stage and for the quarter-final of the Greek Cup. He was released during the winter break and in February 2013, he trialed with Philadelphia Union of Major League Soccer.
International career
Kafes made his debut in the national team against Croatia in April 2001 and scored his first goal against Austria in Vienna in March 2003. Kafes made two appearances in UEFA EURO 2004 qualifying, and was in the finals squad and he won Euro 2004 with Greece. Kafes participated in 2006 World Cup qualifying campaign, the 2005 FIFA Confederations Cup. Kafes has been re-called into the team from the new coach Fernando Santos during the qualification for Euro 2012. On 8 October 2010 Kafes came on as a substitute against Latvia replacing Giorgos Karagounis, helping the team to qualify for UEFA's 2012 European Football Championship tournament. This was Kafes' first competitive match under new coach Fernando Santos. On 17 November 2010, Kafes played also the second half of the friendly match against Austria, giving a big contribution, where Greece beat Austria.
Career statistics
Club
International
Scores and results list Greece's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each Kafes goal.
Honours
PAOK
Greek Cup: 2001, 2003
Olympiacos
Greek Championship: 2005, 2006
Greek Cup: 2005, 2006
AEK Athens
Greek Cup: 2011
Greece
UEFA European Championship: 2004
References
1978 births
Living people
Footballers from Veria
Greek men's footballers
Greece men's under-21 international footballers
Greece men's international footballers
Men's association football midfielders
Veria F.C. players
AEK Athens F.C. players
Olympiacos F.C. players
PAOK FC players
UEFA Euro 2004 players
European champions for Greece
UEFA European Championship-winning players
2005 FIFA Confederations Cup players
Super League Greece players
Football League (Greece) players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pantelis%20Kafes |
Železniki (; ) is a small town in Slovenia. It is the seat of the Municipality of Železniki and it is the economic centre and the largest settlement in the Selca Valley. It includes the hamlets and neighborhoods of Jesenovec, Gorenji Konec (in older sources also Zgornji Železniki, ), Ovčja Vas (), Trnje (in older sources also Srednji Železniki, ), Racovnik (in older sources also Spodnji Železniki, ), Škovine, Na Kresu, Češnjica, Log, and Tolar.
Industry
Železniki used to be known for iron smelting, and its name in Slovene indicates a relation to ironworks. The first furnace was mentioned in 1422, and the original furnace was replaced in 1826 by a blast furnace that ceased operating in about 1902. The town is known for bobbin lace-making and has a lace-making school where the tradition is taught. Certain relatively large factories are based in Železniki, including Alples, Domel and Niko. These firms sponsor local sports teams such as the Alples handball team, football team NK Železniki, and the Galaks floorball team.
The architecture of the old part of the settlement is mainly from the 17th century. The main attraction in the town is its museum with exhibits related to ironworking and other local activities. Part of the original smelting furnace is preserved outside the museum and also appears in the coat of arms of the town.
Churches
The parish church in Železniki is dedicated to Saint Anthony and stands in Trnje on the left bank of the Selca Sora River. It was built between 1872 and 1874 in the Renaissance Revival style at the site of an earlier church that burned down in 1822. The church was built by Franc Faleschini based on a design by Štefan Šubic. The bell tower was damaged by fire in 1944, but was repaired in 1997. The church contains works by Janez Wolf, Janez Gosar Sr., and Ludovik Grilc. Saint Francis Xavier Church stands on the opposite side of the river in Log. It was built in 1707 in the Baroque style, with a barrel-vaulted chancel and nave. The chancel vault and arch were painted by Štefan Šubic in 1857. The cemetery around the church was established in the early 19th century.
References
External links
Železniki on Geopedia
Železniki - Slovenia Landmarks. Includes virtual panoramas.
http://www.td-zelezniki.si/ct-menu-item-1
Populated places in the Municipality of Železniki
Zelezniki | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDelezniki |
Žetale () is a village in eastern Slovenia, on the border with Croatia. It is the seat of the Municipality of Žetale. The area traditionally belonged to the region of Styria. It is now included in the Drava Statistical Region.
History
Žetale was first mentioned in written documents dating to 1228, and old parish documents record its name as Schiltarin. The area was subject to repeated Ottoman invasion, and there are pseudoetymological claims that the village is named after a supposed defender of the village named Žetal. In fact, the name is derived from Middle High German Schiltern. As of 2018, the village of Žetale had a population of 356.
Festivals
A chestnut festival in October is a locally well known. There is an annual pilgrimage called Jarmek held on 15 August, the feast day of the Assumption of Mary and a public holiday in Slovenia, where pilgrims walk to Mary Help of Christians Church (), known locally as Marijatrošt.
Notable people
Notable people that were born or lived in Žetale include:
Anton Hajšek (1827–1907): patriot and publisher of the writings of Anton Martin Slomšek
Jože Topolovec (1934–2010): writer (pseudonym Jože Haložan)
References
External links
Žetale on Geopedia
Populated places in the Municipality of Žetale | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDetale |
Žiri ( or ; formerly also Žir, locally Žier, ) is a town in northwestern Slovenia. It is the administrative seat of the Municipality of Žiri, created in 1994. Prior to this the town belonged administratively to the area of Škofja Loka.
Location
The town of Žiri lies in the extreme southwest part of the Upper Carniola region on the borders with the Inner Carniola and the Littoral regions in the Žiri Basin () at the end of the Poljane Valley (). A number of tributaries join there to become the Poljane Sora ().
Name
The name of the settlement was first attested in 1291 as Syroch (and as Seyroch in 1307 and Syroch in 1318). It is probably derived from a plural form of the hypocorism *Žirъ, and the name would therefore mean 'Žir and his people'. An alternative, less likely theory, connects the name to the Slovene common noun žir 'beech nuts'.
An Austrian post office was established in Žiri in 1871 under the name Sairach, district of Loitsch (Logatec). The Slovene name was added to the postal name at the end of the 19th century.
Church
The parish church in the town of Žiri is dedicated to Saint Martin and belongs to the Archdiocese of Ljubljana.
Notable people
Notable people that were born or lived in Žiri include:
Leopold Suhodolčan (1928–1980), writer
References
External links
Žiri on Geopedia
Populated places in the Municipality of Žiri
Cities and towns in Upper Carniola | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDiri |
Mercedes-Benz SLC-Class can designate:
The hard-top coupé counterpart of the Mercedes-Benz R107 produced from 1971 to 1981
The Mercedes-Benz R172, the successor of the Mercedes-Benz SLK-Class R171, which has been produced since 2016
SLC | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mercedes-Benz%20SLC-Class |
Žužemberk (; ), is a town located southeast of the Slovenian capital of Ljubljana. It is the seat of the Municipality of Žužemberk. The area is part of the historical region of Lower Carniola. The municipality is now included in the Southeast Slovenia Statistical Region. Žužemberk lies in the southern part of Carniola on the left bank of the Krka River and is dominated by a medieval castle. The parish church was completely destroyed in World War II and was rebuilt in recent years.
History
The Romans built a road through the region. Žužemberk was first mentioned in written documents dating to 1246. In 1399 it was granted market rights. The castle is believed to date back to around 1000, and the castle chapel dedicated to St. Ulrich was built in 1046. The village that grew around the castle was located at an intersection, and most of its inhabitants were craftsmen or peasants who traded their goods and held fairs.
Between 1526 and 1533, the prince bishop Christophorus Rauber fortified the castle and added seven defence towers or bastilles. As a result of its new strength, the brothers Jurij and Wolf Auersperg from Turjak bought the castle in 1538, and for centuries the castle and town were in the possession of the leading noble Auersperg family. One of its most esteemed owners was Johann Weikhard of Auersperg, the tutor of the emperor Ferdinand III, who was court councillor and the first minister in the Habsburg monarchy, and who obtained family rights to prevent the castle's sale. In the 16th century the town suffered repeated attacks. In 1559, the castle was conquered by Gregor, an illegitimate son of Georg von Auersperg with eighteen soldiers, but this conquest was quickly suppressed, and the castle was recaptured by Herbard VIII von Auersperg, the general of the Croatian region of the time, and the dead soldiers were thrown into the forest to be devoured by wild beasts. In 1575, Countess Ana von Eck from Brdo Castle was killed by a tame bear in the castle courtyard.
Over the next century a number of important nobles were born in the town, including in 1557 Andreas von Auersperg, the son of Wolf Engelbert, who after completing his studies in Padua, went on the receive a decoration by both the Pope and the Habsburg Emperor for his role in the defeat of the Turks in 1593.
In 1615 Johann Weikhard of Auersperg was born in Žužemberk. He became the tutor of the emperor Ferdinand III, later becoming a prince and first minister in the Habsburg monarchy, and a cardinal in 1669, upon which he returned to this town, where he died in 1677. His great-grandson, Joseph Franz Auersperg, became a cardinal in 1783.
The Auersperg family established a notable ironworks in the town, and the steel industry was important to the economy. The Auersperg installed a blast furnace and ironworks in 1763, and were granted permission for extensive iron mining in the area. By 1891, however, the industry operations in Žužemberk faced excessive competition and costly production and ceased operating. A number of sawmills and water mills also developed in the town, and Žužemberk also has one of the oldest paper mills in Slovenia. In 1775, the Empress Maria Theresa gave consent to guild of seventeen tanners in Žužemberk, and it became an important trade, with merchants in Žužemberk making trousers, aprons, wine-skins and wheat sacks. The castle served as a prison for many years, but was depopulated in 1893.
During the Second World War, Italian troops were stationed at the castle and guerrillas set it on fire. Partisan forces burned the school, courthouse, and health center in Žužemberk on July 26, 1943. In February 1945, as a Home Guard stronghold, Žužemberk was attacked by SAAF rocket attacks. The castle was heavily damaged but not destroyed (as the church was), and restoration work began in the 1960s.
Culture
Žužemberk has an exceptional cultural heritage, and the municipality has 54 recognized cultural monuments, 12 of which are sites of national importance.
Žužemberk Castle is a prominent medieval fortress rising above the Krka River. During the summer months festivities are held in the castle courtyard, managed by the tourism association since 1997. A municipal holiday is held on 15 July.
Saint Nicholas' Church in Žužemberk is the oldest surviving church in the area. The church was first built in the Gothic style in the 13th century. Its frescoes, with one of the most notable depicting Adam and Eve, date from the 14th century. Saint Agnes' Church dates from somewhat later in the 13th century. Saints Hermagoras and Fortunatus Church was completed in 1769, was burned down in 1945 by the order of Partisan commander Pero Popivoda, and only renovated in the late 20th century after Slovenia became independent. The route of a Roman road along the slopes of hills in Acerva (Ivančna Gorica) was in use until 1859, when it was replaced with another road through the Krka Valley. There are also several graves and a monument to the Second World War on Tumplac Hill (). It was created by sculptor Marjan Tepine and was erected in 1961.
Notable people
Notable people that were born or lived in Žužemberk include:
Andreas von Auersperg (1556–1593), Carniolan noble and military leader
Johann Weikhard of Auersperg (1615–1677), Duke of Munsterberg, Chief Steward and President of the Privy Council at the Viennese court
Franc Blažič (1897–1972), composer
Ignacij Fabiani (1882–1953), composer
Alfonz Inkret (1901–1971), journalist and animal husbandry expert
(1895–1954), university professor and dermatologist
Ignacij Kleinmayr (1795–1874), publisher
Ernest Pehani (1900–1971), technical writer and electrical engineer
(1860–1935), composer
Marica Slavec-Nahtigal (1869–1962), actress
Rozalija Sršen (stage name Zalla Zarana; 1897–1967), actress
Anča Tavčar-Konvalinka (1901–1976), technical journalist and physician
Karel Ulepič (1810–1862), local historian and editor
References
External links
Žužemberk on Geopedia
Žužemberk on Google Maps
Populated places in the Municipality of Žužemberk | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%BDu%C5%BEemberk |
Witchboard is a 1986 American supernatural horror film written and directed by Kevin Tenney in his directorial debut, and starring Tawny Kitaen, Stephen Nichols, and Todd Allen. The plot centers on a college student who becomes entranced into using her friend's Ouija board alone after it was accidentally left behind at her party, resulting in her becoming terrorized by a malevolent spirit.
Tenney wrote the screenplay while a student at the University of Southern California, inspired after attending a party in which a friend brought a Ouija board for partygoers to use. The film focuses on the notion of "progressive entrapment," the process by which a malevolent entity or demon takes control of a human being, a theme that was also touched on in The Exorcist (1973) after a character dabbles with a Ouija board. Filming took place in 1985 in Los Angeles, San Bernardino, and San Francisco.
Cinema Group gave Witchboard a limited theatrical release in the United States on December 31, 1986. Following favorable box-office returns, the release was expanded in the spring of 1987, and the film went on to gross $7.4 million. Although the critical response to the film was largely unfavorable, it has obtained a cult following since its release, and was subject to significant critical analysis by academic Carol J. Clover in her 1992 non-fiction book, Men, Women, and Chainsaws. Two unrelated sequels, Witchboard 2: The Devil's Doorway and Witchboard III: The Possession, were released in 1993 and 1995 respectively.
Plot
At a house party in Fairfield, California, Brandon Sinclair uses his Ouija board with his ex-girlfriend Linda Brewster to contact the spirit of David, with whom he had communicated before. Her boyfriend, Jim Morar, insults David, which provokes him to slash the tires of Brandon's car. The next day, Linda uses Brandon's board that was left behind to contact David, who informs her where her lost engagement ring is. At the construction site where Jim works, his friend Lloyd is killed by fallen drywall. When Jim is questioned by Lieutenant Dewhurst at Lloyd's funeral, Linda contacts David about the accident, but he says that he did not cause it.
Linda begins to fall under progressive entrapment, where the spirit terrorizes the user enough to weaken them in order to possess them. She becomes increasingly preoccupied with communicating with David, and begins to experience nausea and other symptoms, leading her and Jim to believe she is pregnant. Brandon brings over psychic medium Zarabeth Crawford to contact David through a séance, and to exorcise him if necessary. Zarabeth channels David, who claims to be a ten-year-old boy. This further leads Linda to become protective of David and her communication with him. After the spirit leaves, a suspicious Zarabeth returns home to research the occurrence, but her throat is slashed before she is thrown through a window and lands on a sundial, impaling her to death. The next morning, Brandon hears about her death and suspects that David killed her, but Jim continues to be skeptical of his claims.
As Brandon leaves to seek information, Jim witnesses Linda violently thrown against the wall, rendering her unconscious. After she is brought to a hospital, doctors confirm Linda is not pregnant as they had suspected. Unnerved, Jim teams with Brandon to conduct research on David. The two find a newspaper article about a ten-year-old boy named David who drowned in a nearby lake. Jim and Brandon travel to the lake and use another board in an attempt to communicate with David, but soon learn that a different spirit, Carlos Malfeitor, has been terrorizing Linda all along. Seated on a dock, Jim is knocked unconscious when a stack of fishing barrels topples over him, and Brandon is killed by Malfeitor with a hatchet. Upon regaining consciousness, Jim grieves over Brandon's body. That night, he researches Malfeitor's biography, and learns that he was an axe murderer shot by police in his home in 1930—the same residence he and Linda live in.
After Linda discharges herself from the hospital, she is attacked by Malfeitor. The next day, Jim finds their home in disarray, before a possessed Linda attacks him. Dewhurst enters and accuses Jim of the murders, but Linda strikes him with a fire poker. Jim brandishes his revolver, and Linda tells him that he is the "portal", taunting him in an attempt to drive him to suicide. Instead, Jim shoots the board before he is pushed through a window and lands on a car.
After the events, Jim and Linda, now free from Malfeitor's influence, resume their lives and marry each other. Their landlady, Mrs. Moses, finds the board while cleaning out the home with her granddaughter, and wonders if it still works. The board is thrown into a box, where its planchette moves to the word "yes" by itself.
Cast
Production
Development
Tenney wrote the screenplay for Witchboard while studying filmmaking at the University of Southern California. He drew inspiration for the story from a party he attended where a friend brought a Ouija board for partygoers to use. While researching the history of the Ouija board, Tenney learned about the notion of "progressive entrapment", an element that figures briefly in The Exorcist (1973), in which the young Regan MacNeil becomes gradually "entrapped" by a demonic entity. As some elements of the script were based on incidents he had heard of while researching experiences close friends and others had with Ouija boards, he believed the material would resonate with viewers being based in facts, despite it being fictitious. Though Tenney never believed in the board himself, he admitted the board was "creepy".
One of the central themes of the film was the "bromance" of Jim and Brandon, whose friendship involved a love triangle with the character of Linda. Tenney viewed the film as being about the board, who he sees as a character, forcing Jim to reflect on his relationships with Linda and Brandon, the latter of whom he had a falling out with. Once he knew this was the story, it was easy for him to work it around with the incidents he had researched about. In writing the characters, he drew from his own background to make them "three-dimensional," and thought it would be interesting to see Jim's disestablished friendship with Brandon come back together. The character of Jim was based on Tenney himself, and he wrote him to be a construction worker from when he, his brother Dennis Michael Tenney, and their friend James W. Quinn worked in construction before moving to Los Angeles. He stated in interviews that despite it being a horror film, he sought to create a character-driven story.
When Tenney's friend, Rolan Carol, had to drop out of university due to financial issues, he found a job at a commodities firm where the owner, Walter Josten, was getting bored of commodities. Rolan mentioned Tenney's script to Josten, who had an interest in filmmaking. Tenney and his friend, Gerald Geoffray, then pitched the film to Josten, who was impressed by the idea, and agreed to help finance the project. Tenney dropped out of his program at the University of Southern California, four units shy of earning his master's degree, to begin shooting the film.
Casting
Todd Allen was cast as Jim, as Tenney felt he was the only one that was true to the role. Initially, Allen was worried that he lost the role when he saw Tenney laughing while sitting in the auditioning room, but he made him laugh because it reminded him of the way he talked and acted. He received the benefit of returning with the filmmakers to read the actresses that auditioned for the role of Linda, which Tawny Kitaen had read when he was not there.
Casting producer Rebecca Boss and Tenney found Kitaen ideal for the part as everyone the latter knew at his office, who were all male, noticed her the most. She had flown to New York prior to shooting so Tenney called up her agent about making a deal, and she flew back to arrive on set when filming began. When she met Allen, they both became very intimate with their relationship. Tenney saw that she brought an "appeal" that affected everyone at the time, which was something he initially did not see.
Photographer J.P. Luebsen was hired to play Carlos Malfeitor, the villain, when he met Tenney through a friend at an Independence Day party. Whenever he was on set, Kitaen mentioned to him about being completely distant so that she could build herself up to be terrified of him. Other cast members include Quinn, Kenny Rhodes, and Kathleen Wilhoite. Although Wilhoite was the first to audition for Sarah "Zarabeth" Crawford, she initially did not respond to Tenney about the part, but later accepted it when they re-met. Rhodes stated that Witchboard was the only film in his career where he did not recall auditioning. The costumer gave him a bandanna to "toughen up" his role, which he kept as he was a Bruce Springsteen fan.
Filming
Though set in Tenney's hometown of Fairfield in Northern California, financial restraints mandated that the film be shot in Southern California. Principal photography took place in the summer of 1985, at the Higgins-Verbeck-Hirsch Mansion in Windsor Square, Los Angeles, and Big Bear Valley in San Bernardino, California. Additional photography occurred in San Francisco. Filming at Big Bear Lake occurred in August 1985, as well as at the Big Bear public library.
The film was shot under the working title Ouija, but had to be re-titled during production after board game conglomerate Parker Brothers, who owned the trademark name "Ouija", attempted to prevent one of their boards from being used or mentioned in the film. The errors and omissions carrier did not approve of the filmmakers having already shot footage using one of their Ouija boards, requiring the production company to put up $50,000 bond to prevent any potential litigation. Though there was no lawsuit, Josten stated that this should have been cleared before they started filming. The film's production company received the insurance to change the title to Witchboard and were allowed to pay the bond, as well as to integrate the board footage with an alternate board footage as shown when Jim and Brandon are at Big Bear. However, the filmmakers were divided about the title change, with many preferring Ouija while others felt that Witchboard was a "cooler" title.
Shooting the shower scene was difficult for Kitaen as she did not trust Tenney nor the camera crew to shoot the scene, but had faith in cinematographer Roy H. Wagner to do it when she saw his wedding ring. The crew used effects when the spirit turns on hot blazing water in the shower that Linda was trapped in, using breakaway glassed shower doors, and a fog machine to represent the hot water's moisture. Kitaen became more comfortable when the set was cleared to only the director and second-camera loader assistant, but this was a big uproar as all of the men had to temporarily leave the set.
On set, there were numerous running gags that Wagner was mostly involved in. In one, Kitaen devastatingly believed on-set that her poodle was accidentally run over by the props truck, but she was relieved to find that the dog was safe and it was only a gag prop with hair similar to her dog that was laid on the road. At the time, they used another gag whereas since Kitaen was dating O. J. Simpson at the time and he visited her on set occasionally, they would call the production office under a pseudonym to speak with her. Other gags involved rocking Kitaen's trailer back and forth, flipping the outhouses upside down with actors inside, and locking the crew in rooms where they could not get out to set on time.
There also, however, was a fair share of eerie occurrences on set. Some of the crew, mostly those that had come in earlier, had significant problems inside the 637 Lucerne Blvd house such as the crew bumping into objects that were not there, as well as objects that moved that no one else around could have moved during that time frame. Wagner especially felt a strong presence at the staircase where someone was walking behind him, and numerous occurrences where the cast and crew heard whispering and talking.
The last scene shot was of Jim being pushed out of the window, which was done in one take at a distant park, using a built replica of the window. Since there was a crane arm behind Allen, he could not flail his arms around and instead blocked it out with his shoulders.
Effects
The filmmakers hired Tassilo Baur to handle the special-effects for Witchboard. The nightmare sequence of Linda being decapitated by Malfeitor was shot with a stand-in ducking their head, with a Styrofoam head connected to a poll placed on top with a wig that matched Kitaen's hairstyle. Luebsen was nervous about using a real axe since he was swinging it very close to the stand-in. Baur explained despite they used a real axe, they had also used prop axes for safety reasons as well as to improve their performances. Baur also had some props that were hinged so that they precisely hit a specific spot.
Allen was initially dismissive that the scene where Lloyd throws a carpenter's hatchet near Jim's head did not work well, but Tenney reassured him. The scene was originally planned to be shot with an FX man shooting the hatchet directly, but it was the film's cinematographer Roy H. Wagner that suggested they shoot it in reverse, thus also showing the scene to Allen to see how he can act it out in reverse if it was real. They also had the fake hatchet put into a piece of balsa wood, and they yanked it out with a wire.
The scene where Lloyd is killed from fallen sheetrock was cut repeatedly, mostly due to Quinn's comedic personality on-set repeatedly making Allen laugh. Since they used a dummy for the sheetrock to fall and when it fell, it caused the dummy's legs to slightly fling up, which made Quinn hysterically laugh. When the sheetrock fell down, it caused a very loud noise to which Allen's reaction on screen was real, as he felt it sounded almost equivalent to a gunshot. Baur, accompanied with special-effects assistant Mick Strawn, practiced dropping the sheetrock from a floor above with sheets of fake-sheetrock and two actual ones on both sides, and did this until they could drop it reliably to make it look convincing.
Release
Box office
Witchboard began its run with a 15-screen limited theatrical release on December 31, 1986, in several small U.S. cities, including Spokane, Washington; Buffalo, New York; Anchorage, Alaska; Columbus, Ohio; and El Paso, Texas. The film grossed $95,435 during its opening weekend, and went on to earn a total of $416,336 over the following four weeks. Due to the favorable box-office returns in these smaller markets, the film's distributor, Cinema Group, expanded its theatrical release to 1,100 screens nationwide on March 13, 1987. The film grossed $2.7 million during its wide opening weekend. Through its course, the film's final box office gross was $7,369,373.
The Samuel Goldwyn Company acquired the film for international distribution, and released it theatrically in England in May 1987.
Critical response
Contemporaneous
John H. Richardson of the Los Angeles Daily News criticized the film's performances and writing, noting, "There's very little tension and almost no slice-and-dice. The few gore effects are terrible ... The only thing that makes you want to forgive Witchboard is the clumsy earnestness of its execution." Caryn James of The New York Times criticized the film as "cheaply made," writing, "The very best I can say is that Witchboard should encourage struggling film makers. Watch it and think, I can do better than that!" Desmond Ryan of The Philadelphia Inquirer similarly panned the film, referring to it as "luridly fake" and "a timid "exorcise" in inanity." The San Bernardino Suns William Wolf praised Kathleen Wilhoite's performance in the film, noting that she "injects some personality into the role, however trashy it is. That's more than you can say for the rest of the cast and the characters they play." David Inman of The Courier-Journal awarded the film one out of four stars, but conceded, "For folks who like their scares straight and their movies without much else, Witchboard provides exactly that." Henry Edgar of the Virginia Daily Press also panned the film as being unintentionally humorous, commenting that it "is so awful it unintentionally qualifies as a comedy by taking itself so seriously you can't help laughing." The Montreal Gazettes Bruce Bailey awarded the film one-and-a-half stars and criticized it for its lack of originality, noting that it "boldly goes where everybody else has gone before."
Writing for the Great Falls Tribune, Eleanor Ringel noted that the film begins as a "fairly efficient horror movie ... but after a careful, unnecessarily complicated buildup, the film falls apart." The Miami Newss Deborah Wilker echoed a similar sentiment, noting that, "midway through this nonsense, you give up hoping that Witchboard will emerge as one of those so-bad-it's-good horror flicks. At first the potential seems to be there, but as it unfolds, Witchboard becomes just plain dopey." Malcolm Johnson of the Hartford Courant similarly criticized the film, writing that it "plumbs new depths of tedium and incompetence ... unfortunately, none of this is quite flamboyant enough to rise to the heights of camp."
Alternately, Candice Russell of the Sun-Sentinel favorably compared the film to Poltergeist (1982) and Rosemary's Baby (1968), praising it as an "intense, atmospheric chiller [that] breeds suspicion of things unseen and misunderstood... The payoff for the mayhem isn't much, but the events leading up to it more than suffice. Witchboard scares, as intended." Rick Bentley of The Town Talk also gave the film a favorable review, referring to it as "a cut above average" and "not afraid to make fun of itself." Michael Wilmington's review of the film for the Los Angeles Times noted that it "is smarter, and better acted, than much of its bloody competition," but "not crazy or original enough to stand too far above them."
Reviewing the film following its British theatrical release, Tim Fernandez of The Southport Observer described it as "fairly routine stuff by horror standards, but certainly capable of conjuring up a shock or two if you've got a sufficiently vivid imagination."
Retrospective
In the years since its release, Witchboard developed a cult following, and was subject to significant analysis in Carol J. Clover's horror film studies book Men, Women, and Chainsaws (1992), in which she argued for the film's complex treatment of gender politics.
On the review aggregator website Rotten Tomatoes, Witchboard holds a 50% approval rating based on 16 critic reviews, with an average rating of 5.3/10.
TV Guide awarded the film three out of five stars, writing, "First-time feature director-writer Kevin S. Tenney imbues his picture with a surprisingly slick sense of style and employs some clever camerawork when the narrative warrants it, refusing to bore the viewer with the endless evil-point-of-view shots favored by so many other horror directors." AllMovie awarded the film two out of five stars, specifying, "Though it is not the most original or dynamic movie of its type, Witchboard succeeds on its own terms because it concentrates on craftsmanship."
Home media
Witchboard was released on VHS in the United States by Continental Video on June 17, 1987, and sold approximately 80,000 units that year. By the end of the year, it had charted at number 18 on the U.S. Billboard Top 40 Video Rentals, between Stand by Me and Something Wild. It was released on VHS in the United Kingdom through Guild Home Video in the fall of 1987.
Anchor Bay Entertainment released the film on DVD in August 2004, which is now out of print. On February 4, 2014, Scream Factory, a subsidiary of Shout Factory released the film on Blu-ray and DVD as a combo pack.
Sequels and remake
The film spawned two sequels, Witchboard 2: The Devil's Doorway (1993) and Witchboard III: The Possession (1995). In 2024, a remake of the same name is scheduled to be released.
See also
List of ghost films
References
Sources
External links
1980s English-language films
1986 films
1986 horror films
1980s supernatural horror films
1980s ghost films
Witchboard 01
American exploitation films
American ghost films
American independent films
American supernatural horror films
American teen horror films
American slasher films
Films about board games
Films about witchcraft
Films about spirit possession
Films directed by Kevin S. Tenney
Films set in the San Francisco Bay Area
Films shot in Big Bear Lake, California
Films shot in California
Films shot in Los Angeles
Films shot in San Francisco
1986 directorial debut films
1986 independent films
1980s American films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Witchboard |
ageHa (also as 'AGH') was a weekend club event in Tokyo, Japan. It was held on Friday and Saturday at the Usen Studio Coast event space in the Shin-Kiba district, which also hosted live concerts and other events. The word Ageha is Japanese for 'Swallowtail butterfly'. The event's name has also been presented in the 3-letter-version 'AGH' in capital letters, for instance on the official staff shirts. If the three letters are pronounced separately in German, they are pronounced as "ah-geh-ha", similar to the Japanese pronunciation of the club's name.
Description
The Studio Coast event space had a large main dance floor, a chill out space, an open terrace with a pool, and an outdoor dance tent. It was located on the waterfront in eastern Tokyo's reclaimed industrial district and had a capacity of over a thousand people.
Entertainment
The event has hosted DJs such as David Guetta, Porter Robinson, Ferry Corsten, Hernán Cattáneo, Armin van Buuren, Deadmau5, Danny Tenaglia, Deep Dish, Markus Schulz, Tiësto, Paul van Dyk, John Digweed, Fatboy Slim, Dave Seaman, Aaron Benjamin, Xpress 2, Don Patrick, Santos, Space Cowboy, and many more.
Japanese DJs who have played there include Yasutaka Nakata of Capsule, Ken Ishii, Tsuyoshi Suzuki (a.k.a. Numanoid), Disco Twins, Ko Kimura, Daishi Dance, and Yoji Biomehanika.
Lounge DJs who have played at Ageha include Japanese event organizer and DJ Shibachoff, and the Irish & Japanese duo Tokyo Sluts.
About once every two months, Ageha hosts a gay dance event now called Shangri-La.
Closure
AgeHa closed on January 30, 2022 after its farewell event known as The Final Weekend.
See also
Rave
References
External links
ageha.com
Ageha on iFLYER in English and/or Japanese
ageHa on clubberia. Info and Event Schedule
Ageha on Tokyo Club Guide. Details in English
Buildings and structures in Koto, Tokyo
Music venues in Tokyo
Nightclubs in Japan
Electronic dance music venues | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AgeHa |
The Municipality of Hoče-Slivnica (; ) is a municipality south of Maribor in northeastern Slovenia. Its administrative seat is Spodnje Hoče.
Geography
The area is part of the traditional region of Lower Styria. It is now included in the Drava Statistical Region. The municipality extends from the flatlands on the right bank of the Drava River into the Pohorje Hills. The motorway and railway line from Ljubljana to Maribor run through the municipality.
Settlements
In addition to the municipal seat of Spodnje Hoče, the municipality also includes the following settlements:
Bohova
Čreta
Hočko Pohorje
Hotinja Vas
Orehova Vas
Pivola
Polana
Radizel
Rogoza
Slivnica pri Mariboru
Slivniško Pohorje
Zgornje Hoče
References
External links
Municipality of Hoče–Slivnica on Geopedia
Municipality of Hoče–Slivnica website
1998 establishments in Slovenia
Hoce-Slivnica | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Municipality%20of%20Ho%C4%8De-Slivnica |
Yip Hon () (1904 – 7 May 1997) was a gambling tycoon in South China. His wealth was estimated to be HK$ 100 million. In his childhood, he stayed in Kong Mun of Kwangtung, and usually participated in gambling with his pocket money. He was nicknamed Kwai Wong (鬼王) (translated as Ghost King.)
In his adulthood, he was in Macau, working for a casino of gambling tycoon Fu Lo Yung (傅老榕). He helped to crack down Teng Sik Tong (聽骰黨), a gang of gamblers, who won by listening dice. After the crackdown, he became famous, and went to Shanghai. He gained a great sum of wealth in the casinos there, by his technique in listening dice, and then opened his own casino.
He closed his business in Shanghai, and returned to Macau when the Second Sino-Japanese War broke out. He soon got a casino license in Macau, and cooperated with Stanley Ho, Teddy Yip and Henry Fok to form Casino Lisboa. He later left the company, after arguments over shares and the business. He then started a chariot racing business, which was unsuccessful. In 1988, he pioneered a gambling business in international waters, by purchasing a cargo converted cruise ship named Princess of the Orient, and later selling it off for the 港龍星 which was bigger and solely a cruise ship to begin with. He gained initial success, but was unable to deal with a large number of competitors later. He subsequently sold his business to Heung's Brothers.
A story about him circulated in the mid-1980s, on gambling in Las Vegas in the United States. He supposedly played for 32 hours continuously, involving more than 3,800 rounds of baccarat. He ended up losing US$2 million. The owner of the casino offered him a Rolls-Royce if he could win back a million. Two days after, he won US$3 million and the car from the casino.
Death
Yip Hon suffered a heart attack, and died on 7 May 1997, at the age of 93, while poring over a horse-racing newsletter.
See also
Gambling in Macau
References
1904 births
1997 deaths
Businesspeople in the casino industry
Macau businesspeople
People from Xinhui District
Businesspeople from Guangdong
20th-century Chinese businesspeople | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yip%20Hon |
Nanih Waiya (alternately spelled Nunih Waya) is an ancient platform mound in southern Winston County, Mississippi, constructed by indigenous people during the Middle Woodland period, about 300 to 600 CE. Since the 17th century, the Choctaw and Chickasaw have venerated Nanih Waiya mound and a nearby cave as their sacred origin location.
The earthwork mound of Nanih Waiya is about tall, wide, and long. Evidence suggests it was originally a larger platform mound, which has eroded into the present shape. At one time, it was bounded on three sides by a circular earthwork enclosure about ten feet tall, which encompassed one square mile. The Choctaw lost control of this property during the 1830s and period of their removal to Indian Territory.
After being privately owned, the state acquired it to preserve the ancient site and operated it as a park. In 2006, the Mississippi Legislature's State Bill 2803 officially returned control of the site to the Luke Family, and T. W. Luke deeded it to the State on the condition that it be maintained as a park.
In 2008, the Luke family deeded control of the site to the Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians, a federally recognized tribe. Nanih Waiya has been listed on the National Register of Historic Places since 1973 for its significance.
Archaeological evidence
The earliest archaeological evidence of occupation at Nanih Waiya is dated to about 300 to 600 CE during the Middle Woodland, when it was probably built. This makes Nanih Waiya contemporaneous with the Hopewell culture, as well as ancient sites such as the Pinson Mounds in Tennessee and Ingomar Mound in Mississippi. The dating was based on surface artifacts, as no archeological excavation of the mound has ever been undertaken. Its occupation apparently continued at least to 700 CE, in the Late Woodland period.
Archaeologists have not documented any use by the succeeding Mississippian culture, but they suggest that Nanih Waiya has been used for religious purposes throughout its history. The nineteenth-century naturalist and physician Gideon Lincecum recorded a surviving Choctaw oral tradition of their arrival in the area and the construction of the mound.
According to oral history, the Choctaw people had wandered in the wilderness for 42 Green Corn Festivals, through which they carried the bones of their dead, who outnumbered the living. They finally found a leaning hill, where the magical staff indicated they should stay. It was then bountiful land. The tribal council proposed they build a mound of earth to respectfully inter the bones of their ancestors, which they agreed to do. First, they erected a frame of branches. Then these were covered over, and layers of earth were deposited during their domestic tasks. At last, the mound reached great size. When they finished, they celebrated their forty-third Green Corn Festival since wandering in the wilderness. They said that once the main mound had been completed, smaller conical earthen mounds were built and used for single burials.
The mound has been a site of pilgrimage for the Choctaw since the seventeenth century, but they have not held any major festivals there. Their religion was private, and involved rituals related to death and burial, and to communication with spirits. Despite the traditional account, some anthropologists noted that unlike other tribes, the Choctaw do not appear to have practiced the Green Corn ceremony. In the 1850s, observers noted smaller mounds near Nanih Waiya, but these have since been plowed away and were never dated. They may have been constructed by the later Mississippian-culture peoples, who developed a widespread network after the Woodland period. As there is no archaeological data, historical records, nor Choctaw stories of these small mounds, nothing may ever be known about them.
Cave
One mile east, across the county line into Neshoba County of the platform mound, is a natural hill near Nanih Waiya Creek, surrounded by woods. Within this hill, sometimes called Nanih Waiya Cave Mound, is Nanih Waiya cave, considered by many Choctaw to be the site of their emergence onto the surface of the earth. The cave may have had four entrances at one point. In 1973, two cave explorers surveyed the cave and were able to travel 137 feet down. Thirty-five feet from the entrance was water, which deepened as the cavers progressed.
Since the early 21st century, the Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians have regained control of these sites, acquiring the land by purchase. Under Miko Beasley Denson, the tribe purchased the site in 2008 and began holding annual Nanih Waiya Day celebrations each August with Choctaw foods and dances.
Choctaw beliefs
Some Choctaw believe that Nanih Waiya is the "Mother Mound" (Inholitopa iski) where the first Choctaw was created. As told by some Choctaw storytellers, it was either from Nanih Waiya or a cave nearby that the Choctaw people emerged to the world. There are many variations of the story.
According to some versions, the mound (or nearby cave) is also the origin of the Chickasaw and Creek people, and possibly even the Cherokee. (Note: As the Cherokee are an Iroquoian-language people (distantly related to the nations of the Iroquois Confederacy formerly based in New York and south of the Great Lakes), anthropologists and historians believe they migrated later than this period into the Southeast. The Cherokee oral history also tells of their migration to the Southeast. They are not considered one of the peoples who coalesced in this region from the indigenous ancestors who built Nanih Waiya.)
Others believe Nanih Waiya is the location where the Choctaw tribe ceased their wanderings and settled after their origin further to the west. George Catlin's Smithsonian Report in 1885 included a traditional story of the Choctaw that recounted their following a prophet from an origin in the west:
The Choctaws a great many winters ago commenced moving from the country where they then lived, which was a great distance to the west of the great river and the mountains of snow, and they were a great many years on their way. A great medicine man led them the whole way, by going before with a red pole, which he stuck in the ground every night where they encamped. This pole was every morning found leaning to the east, and he told them that they must continue to travel to the east until the pole would stand upright in their encampment, and that there the Great Spirit had directed that they should live.
They say that Nanih Waiya, which means "leaning hill," "stooping hill," or "place of creation" in Choctaw, was the final destination of their migration.
Preservation
During the Indian Removal era, the Choctaw ceded millions of acres of their territory, including Nanih Waiya, to the United States under the Treaty of Dancing Rabbit Creek, drawn up September 15–27, 1830. In the 1840s, the Choctaw Claims Commission of the United States investigated violations of the treaty by U.S. citizens. J.F.H. Claiborne later wrote about the investigations, "Many of the Choctaws examined... regard this mound as the mother, or birth-place of the tribe, and more than one claimant declared that he would not quit the country as long as [Nanih Waiya] remained."
The state of Mississippi preserved Nanih Waiya as a state park for years. It was also recognized as a significant site by the federal government, which listed it on the National Register of Historic Places.
In 2006 the Mississippi Legislature State Bill 2803 officially returned control of the site to the Luke Family, who had privately owned it. T. W. Luke had deeded it to the State with the condition that it be maintained as a park. The property reverted to the Luke family when the State stopped maintaining the park.
In August 2008, the Luke family deeded the mound to the Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians, a federally recognized tribe. The Choctaw have declared August 18 as a tribal holiday to mark the return of the mound, and have used the occasion for telling stories of their origin and history, and performances of dances.
References
Sources
Catlin, George. Annual Report of the Board of Regents of the Smithsonian Institution for the year 1885, Part II, ' Report of the U.S. National Museum under the direction of the Smithsonian Institution for the year 1885. Washington, DC: Government Printing Office, 1886, Annual Report, 40 pt2 : 1-264 and 1-939
Knight, Vernon James, Jr. 1989 "Symbolism of Mississippian Mounds", in Powhatan’s Mantle: Indians in the Colonial Southeast, edited by Peter H. Wood, Gregory A. Waselkov, and M. Thomas Hatley. Lincoln, NE: University of Nebraska Press,
Lincecum, Gideon. (1904) "Choctaw Traditions About Their Settlement in Mississippi and the Origin of Their Mounds", Publications of the Mississippi Historical Society 8:521-542.
Senate Bill 2803. Mississippi Legislature, 2006 Regular Session. To: Public Property, By: Senator(s) Williamson. AN ACT TO RETURN THE NANIH WAIYA STATE PARK AND MOUND TO THE MISSISSIPPI BAND OF CHOCTAW INDIANS; TO AMEND SECTIONS 29-1-1 AND 55-3-47, MISSISSIPPI CODE OF 1972, TO CONFORM; AND FOR RELATED PURPOSES.''
Hopewellian peoples
Mounds in Mississippi
Protected areas of Winston County, Mississippi
Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Mississippi
National Register of Historic Places in Winston County, Mississippi
Middle Woodland period
Mississippi Band of Choctaw Indians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nanih%20Waiya |
Kobilje (; ) is a village in the Prekmurje region of Slovenia, on the border with Hungary. Kolilje is both the seat of the Municipality of Kobilje and the only settlement in the municipality. Kobilje Creek, a left tributary of the Ledava River, flows through it.
Name
The name Kobilje is believed to be derived from *Kobilje selo (literally, 'Kobilja village'), referring to Kobilje Creek (originally called *Kobilja (voda) based on medieval sources). In turn, Kobilje Creek was later renamed Kobiljanski potok after the settlement. The root of the name is derived from Slavic *kobyla 'mare'.
Church
The parish church in the settlement is dedicated to Saint Martin, Saint Anthony of Padua, and Saint Roch. It belongs to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Murska Sobota.
Notable people
Notable people that were born or lived in Kobilje include:
Pavel Berden (1915–1981), missionary, poet, and painter
References
External links
Kobilje on Geopedia
Populated places in the Municipality of Kobilje | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kobilje |
Range Creek, rising in the Book Cliffs in Emery County, Utah, is a high tributary of the Green River, a major tributary of the Colorado River. The creek flows year around.
It has been nominated for classification as a National Wild and Scenic River.
One 4,200-acre area near the Creek, 44 miles southeast of Price, Utah, contains the prehistoric hamlets of the Fremont culture, people who lived in the area between A.D. 200 and 1300.
Prehistory
The Range Creek canyon was first publicized in 2020 as an area with pristine archaeological remains and rock art of the Fremont culture, a precontact Great Basin archaeological culture that was contemporaneous to the Ancestral Pueblo culture located to the south.
Discovery of ruins and artifacts
A cattle rancher owned the 4,200 acres of land along the Creek by the name of Waldo Wilcox. He recognized the value of the prehistoric remains and protected them by erecting a gate with "no trespassing" signs on the only road in. He kept the artifacts a secret. There were many, according to Smithsonian:
Pit houses dug halfway in the ground, their roofs caved in, dotted the valley floor and surrounding hills. Arrowheads, beads, ceramic shards, and stone-tool remnants were strewn all over. Human bones poked out of rock overhangs, and hundreds of bizarre human figures with tapered limbs and odd projections emanating from their heads were chiseled on the cliff walls ... the pit houses were intact ... and granaries were stuffed with corncobs a thousand years old.
In 2001 he sold the property to the Trust for Public Land, which later deeded it to the state of Utah. Wilcox retained the rights to any subsurface mineral and energy deposits. State archaeological developed a plan for carefully protecting and studying the cultural resources of Range Creek. Interest was high due to the undisturbed nature of the site. In December 2009, the State of Utah turned over stewardship of Range Creek to the University of Utah archaeology staff in a land swap deal.
Research completed in 2006 indicated that the land included 1,000-year-old hamlets of the Fremont people "highly mobile hunters and farmers who lived mostly in Utah from around A.D. 200 to 1300 before disappearing..."
As of early 2020, The Natural History Museum of Utah at the University of Utah was managing the property as the "Range Creek Field Station". A report at the time stated that the "vast majority of the sites recorded to date are associated with the Fremont archaeological complex, which dates between about A.D. 500 and A.D. 1350".
The property was open to day-trip visitors for a nominal fee, with a pass—for a specific date --- available for purchase in advance, online; only a limited number of passes were issued for each day. Only pedestrian and horse traffic was allowed to enter the site, and only via the north gate. (The Creek site is surrounded by BLM land, which is "part of a wilderness study area, which prevents mechanized travel".) Primitive camping was allowed outside the gate. There were no services or cell phone service in Range Creek Canyon; high temperatures in summer, and black bears, were of concern. The north gate of the Range Creek Canyon, where parking was available, is on "a steep and narrow unimproved road" which is impassible during wet conditions and requires a high clearance vehicle, preferably with a 4-wheel drive. Guided tours were available from three companies. The Range Creek Research Project was underway, though not during summer 2020.
See also
List of Utah rivers
List of tributaries of the Colorado River
Fremont culture
Sources
Smithsonian, March 2006, "Secrets of the Range Creek Ranch", pp. 68–75.
Great Outdoors site
State of Utah site
Wild river status
Wilderness Utah "Finding History in Range Creek"
References
Rivers of Utah
Tributaries of the Colorado River in Utah
Archaeological sites in Utah
Rivers of Emery County, Utah
Fremont culture
Wild and Scenic Rivers of the United States
Tributaries of the Green River (Colorado River tributary) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Range%20Creek |
The Victoria Golf Club is a golf course located in the city of Oak Bay, British Columbia, Canada, which is part of metropolitan Victoria. It was established in 1893, and is now the oldest golf club in Canada still located on its original site; a rocky point on the South Eastern tip of Vancouver Island, overlooking the Strait of Juan de Fuca. It is also one of Canada's few courses that is open for play an average of 360 days per year. Several holes provide views of the ocean.
The course today plays to par 70 for men, 73 for women, and its length is just over 6,000 yards from the back tees. The club celebrated its centennial in 1993, by hosting the Canadian Amateur Championship.
See also
List of golf courses in British Columbia
External links
Victoria Golf Club
Golf clubs and courses in British Columbia
1893 establishments in British Columbia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Victoria%20Golf%20Club |
Luče (; sometimes Luče ob Savinji, ) is the largest settlement and the centre of the Municipality of Luče in northern Slovenia. It belongs to the traditional region of Styria and is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region.
Geography
Luče is home to Snow Cave () on Mount Raduha, which is the highest-elevation tourist cave in Slovenia.
Church
The parish church in the settlement is dedicated to Saint Lawrence and belongs to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Celje. It was first mentioned in written documents dating to 1423 and has some 17th-century alterations to the original building.
References
External links
Luče on Geopedia
Populated places in the Municipality of Luče | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lu%C4%8De |
Solčava (; German: Sulzbach) is a village in the Upper Savinja Valley in northern Slovenia close to the Austrian border. It is the largest settlement and the seat of the Municipality of Solčava. Traditionally it belonged to the region of Styria and is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region.
Name
Solčava was attested in written sources as Sulçpach in 1268 (and as Sulzpach in 1306 and Sulzbach in 1491). In the local dialect, the village is called Žocpah, and in the 19th century its Slovene name was recorded as Žolcpah, Sušpach, and Solcpah—all based on the German name. The German name is a compound corresponding to Sulze 'mineral springs' + Bach 'creek', referring to the local geography. The modern Slovene name Solčava was artificially created in the 19th century from the German name; the first half of the name was modified to Šolč- to appear more Slovene, and the second half was replaced with -ava, a common suffix associated with streams.
Church
The parish church in the settlement is dedicated to Mary of the Snows. It dates to the 15th century and contains a 13th-century statue of the Virgin Mary. It belongs to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Celje.
References
External links
Solčava on Geopedia
Populated places in the Municipality of Solčava | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sol%C4%8Dava |
Turnišče (; , Prekmurje Slovene: Törnišče, ) is a town in Slovenia. It is the seat of the Municipality of Turnišče.
Name
Turnišče was first mentioned in written sources as Thoronhel in 1379, then as Turnicha in 1389, Tornischa in 1403, Tornisa in 1405, Thornisca in 1411, Tornissa in 1428, Thurnissa in 1481, Tornysthya in 1524. Until the second half the 19th century, Turnicsa, Turnisa or Turnische was used, when it was changed to Bántornya. The name is derived from the common noun turen 'tower' and thus refers to a town in which a tower stood. The word turen itself ultimately goes back to Greek τύρσις 'fortified settlement' (via Latin turris 'tower, castle' and Middle High German turn 'tower').
History
Turnišče was granted market rights in 1524, and town privileges in 1548.
Churches
The parish church in Turnišče is dedicated to the Virgin Mary and belongs to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Murska Sobota. It is a three-aisled basilica, added in 1914 onto a smaller Gothic church.
There is also a church dedicated to the Assumption of Mary in the settlement, dating from the mid-13th century. The apse is originally Romanesque. The nave is Gothic and covered in wall paintings by the 14th-century local artist Johannes Aquila, who also painted the churches in Velemér, Martjanci, and Fürstenfeld.
Notable people
Notable people that were born or lived in Turnišče include:
Štefan Barbarič (1920–1988), technical writer and literary historian
József Klekl (1879–1936), writer, journalist, and Roman Catholic priest
Ferenc Novák (1719–1836), folksong collector and religious writer
Ferenc Sbüll (1825–1864), Hungarian Slovene poet
Štefan Skledar (1920–1988), chemical engineer
József Szakovics (1874–1930), Roman Catholic priest and author
Vilmos Tkálecz (1894–1950), politician
References
External links
Turnišče on Geopedia
Populated places in the Municipality of Turnišče | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Turni%C5%A1%C4%8De |
Šoštanj (; ) is a town in northern Slovenia. It is the seat of the Municipality of Šoštanj. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. The entire municipality is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region.
History
Šoštanj was first mentioned in written documents dating to around 1200 as Schönstein in relation to its castle. As a market town it was first mentioned in 1348. It was given town status in 1919 and until the 1960s was the center of the Šalek Valley (). In 1963 nearby Velenje became the administrative center. Šoštanj again became a municipal center in the late 1990s. The town has a long leather-working history, with industrial-scale activity going back to 1788. The factory was owned by the Woschnagg family, a Germanized branch of the Vošnjak family, until it was nationalized in 1945. The processing factory was closed down in 1999. A leather industry museum is now open in the town.
Mass graves
Šoštanj is the site of four known mass graves and one unmarked grave from the period immediately after the Second World War. The Gorica 1–4 mass graves () all lie north of Lake Šoštanj. The first grave is also known as the Čebul Meadow Mass Grave (). The second grave is also known as the Stvarnik Meadow Mass Grave () or the Bodjan Meadow Mass Grave (). The four graves contain the remains of Slovene, Croatian, and German civilians that were murdered on the Gorica Ridge northeast of the town in late May 1945 as they were fleeing to Carinthia. The victims include a group of wealthy Šoštanj residents murdered on 23 May 1945. The graves are part of the same set as the Družmirje 1 and 2 mass graves. The Janez Pirmanšek Grave () lies in a meadow west of the town, at Primorska Cesta no. 7, above the sawmill and log storage area. A memorial to Šoštanj residents that fell while serving in the German army formerly stood at the site. The grave contained the remains of the Slovene civilian Janez Pirmanšek, who was liquidated on 20 May 1945.
Power plant
The Šoštanj Power Plant began producing electricity in 1956. The plant is partly sponsored by the European Bank for Reconstruction and Development and the European Investment Bank, and is highly controversial.
Description
There are currently five units in the TEŠ (Termoelektrarna Šoštanj) power plant, which is owned by Holding Slovenske Elektrarne (HSE). Units 1 and 2 have closed down, and units 3, 4, and 5 were planned to be shut down around 2016. The TEŠ6 is the newest unit of the project, made to replace the old technology of the previous units. The newest edition is said to increase the power generated by 30%. This new unit will hold around 600 megawatts of electricity. The plant's operations will last for 40 years, 6650 hours annually, and will consume 440 metric tonnes of lignite per hour.
The TEŠ6 was proposed in 2003 and was included in the Slovenian government's agenda around 2007. The cost of TEŠ6 has climbed to around 1.5 billion euros due to the 50 million euro annual losses. The European Investment Bank (EIB) has given 550 million euros, the European Bank for Research and Development (EBRD) has given approximately 200 million euros, 515 million euros from the owner's capital, 83 million euros from HSE, and 80 million euros from a commercial loan.
Protests and disagreements regarding the project
Organizations such as CEE Bankwatch are not content with the construction of the TEŠ6 and the way the project has been running. There are claims by the Slovenian media that there is evidence of corruption in the project regarding the involvement of Alstom, the main equipment contractor. Ten people were charged with destruction of business documentation and abuse of office and forgery; Alstom is said to have changed certain terms of its contract, thus causing the project's costs to increase. Alstom could have also gained information on competing companies and offers.
Environmentalists do not support the project due to the harmful effects that the project may lead to in terms of carbon emissions. Lignite emits carbon dioxide at a high rate, and is not an eco-friendly source of energy.
There is opposition regarding the construction of the plant because of future financial losses which Slovenia would incur. For a number of years, the plant could be responsible for 70 to 80 million euros in losses; considering the amount of loans towards the EIB, taxpayers in Slovenia would have to pay more money to support this project.
Operation and legal proceedings
Following years of delays, the new unit achieved operation in late 2014 at a cost of 1.4 billion euros.
Slovenian prosecutors filed charges of corruption and money laundering against two individuals and Alstom in 2020 in connection with TES 6.
In March 2021, General Electric (GE), which had purchased Alstom's energy unit in 2015, agreed to pay HES 261 million euros to settle claims brought by HES against GE.
Church
The parish church in the town is dedicated to Michael the Archangel and belongs to the Roman Catholic Diocese of Celje. A second church in town was built in 1776 on the site of a 13th-century predecessor and is dedicated to Saints Hermagoras and Fortunatus.
Notable residents
Karel Destovnik, a.k.a. Kajuh (1922–1944), Partisan poet
Jožef Kastelic (Castelliz) (1710–after 1773), religious writer
Ivan Samonigg, Austrian officer and military education reformer (1839–1915)
Mihael Valenci (1728–1813), technical writer and physician
Josip Vošnjak (1834–1911), 19th-century national liberal leader
Mihael Vošnjak (1837–1920), engineer and politician
References
External links
Šoštanj on Geopedia
Portal Šoštanj.info
Populated places in the Municipality of Šoštanj
Cities and towns in Styria (Slovenia) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%A0o%C5%A1tanj |
Zavrč (, in older sources Zavrče, ) is a settlement in the Haloze area of Slovenia. It is the seat of the Municipality of Zavrč. It lies between the right bank of the Drava River and the border with Croatia. The area traditionally belonged to the region of Styria. It is now included in the Drava Statistical Region.
History
The Roman road that connected Poetovio and Mursa Maior led through the area. The parish church in Zavrč is dedicated to Saint Nicholas and belongs to the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Maribor. It was first mentioned in written documents dating to 1430 as Saurig or Sauritsch. It was modified in the 17th and 18th centuries. The first school was established in 1671, when pupils were taught in a private house. Church records show that in 1812 the priest gave permission to reconstruct the classroom, so more pupils were able to attend. The school building was built in 1889. There is a second church on a small hill northwest of the settlement. It is dedicated to the Virgin Mary. Zavrč Mansion is a mansion close to the parish church. It was built in the 17th century and expanded in 1718. It now houses the municipal authorities.
Sports
The local football club is called DNŠ Zavrč. They managed to get promoted all the way from the Slovenian sixth division to the top flight Slovenian PrvaLiga in five years between 2008 and 2013.
References
External links
Zavrč on Geopedia
Populated places in the Municipality of Zavrč | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zavr%C4%8D |
Zreče (; ) is a town in northeast Slovenia and is the seat of the Municipality of Zreče. It lies on the slopes of Pohorje in the upper valley of the Dravinja River. The area is part of the traditional region of Styria. It is now included in the Savinja Statistical Region. The economy is centred on tourism, especially in the winter months with the ski resort at Rogla. A proportion of the population is also employed in agriculture. Its main businesses are the tool and car parts manufacturer Unior, the manufacturer Weiler Abrasives, and the tourism spa company Unitur.
Geography
Zreče is located northeast of Ljubljana, from Maribor, from Celje and from Slovenske Konjice.
History
Archaeological evidence from the area has pointed to Neolithic settlement of the area. The earliest written sources date to the end of the 10th century, when the area was divided into a number of ecclesiastical and secular domains.
Zreče became a single settlement in 1987, when the villages of Zgornje Zreče ( or ), Spodnje Zreče ( or ), and Nova Dobrava (known as Dobrava until 1953) were united.
Church
The parish church in the settlement is dedicated to Saint Giles () and belongs to the Roman Catholic Archdiocese of Maribor. It dates to the 14th century with 18th and 19th century side chapels. Two churches on Mount Juniper () to the east of the settlement belong to the same parish. They are dedicated to Saint Agnes (), built between 1726 and 1732, and to the Virgin Mary, built in 1769.
Tourism
The Rogla ski and health resort has become increasingly important to the local economy through tourism, which employs around half of the population. There are many hotels, self-catering units, holiday houses, and villas in the area and gymnasiums, health clinics, saunas, and massage parlors. The Rogla resort is most active from the beginning of December through mid March and has 13 slopes for skiers of all abilities.
Tourism at Zreče Pohorje () began to develop before the Second World War. The first observation tower on Rogla was built in 1934. Many of the tourist facilities were destroyed during the war. The Koča Lodge on Rogla was rebuilt in 1956. It was managed by the Zreče mountaineering society until 1972, when it was taken over and renovated by Unior, a local company that produces hand tools. The company has become one of the biggest companies on its field in Europe and its management has had a continued interest in the development of all of Zreče and the Rogla area. In 1974 Unior's management commissioned studies for the development of Rogla as a ski resort. The road leading to the peak was also widened. The first ski lifts handling up to 900 skiers per hour were built.
The idea was to develop Rogla together with other tourist centres on Pohorje to offer a complete package with skiing, the spa resort at Zreče and agrotourism in the area. Thus in 1978 construction began on Hotel Dobrava in Zreče and of Hotel Planja on Rogla. Hotel Planja opened in 1980 with new ski lifts. In 1981 hotel Dobrava with 70 beds, a swimming pool and a new athletics-football stadium was completed. In 1981 the Dobrava Hotel with 70 beds, a swimming pool, and a new athletics-football stadium was completed. By the 1990s Rogla had a capacity of over 1,200 beds and ski lifts handling 12,200 skiers per hour. A new Dobrava Hotel with 160 new beds was opened in 2000 and between 2002 and 2004 four new chairlifts were constructed and artificial snow systems extended, making Rogla one of the ski centres in Slovenia with the best snow conditions and the longest ski season.
In 2005, the town was twinned with Sedbergh in Cumbria, UK. The efforts of Sedbergh to find a twin town were featured in a BBC documentary, The Town That Wants A Twin and Zreče was the winning town.
Notable people
Marijan Osole (1924–2015) general manager of Unior (1968–1992), the founding father of the town of Zreče in its present form
Twin towns
Sedbergh, (since 2005)
References
External links
Zreče on Geopedia
Spa towns in Slovenia
Populated places in the Municipality of Zreče | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zre%C4%8De |
The electoral division of Nelson is a constituency of the Tasmanian Legislative Council. The division includes many of the suburbs to the south of Hobart, including South Hobart, Sandy Bay, Taroona and Kingston. The division was created in 1999 when the electoral division of Queenborough was renamed in a review of electoral boundaries. The member from 1999 until his retirement in 2019 was independent Jim Wilkinson.
The most recent election was in May 2019, when independent candidate Meg Webb was elected.
Members
Election results
See also
Tasmanian House of Assembly
References
External links
Parliament of Tasmania
Tasmanian Electoral Commission - Legislative Council
Nelson
Southern Tasmania | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electoral%20division%20of%20Nelson%20%28Tasmania%29 |
Ray Scott may refer to:
Sports
Ray Scott (angler), American outdoorsman and founder of B.A.S.S.
Ray Scott (sportscaster) (1919–1998), American sportscaster
Ray Scott (basketball) (born 1938), American basketball player and coach
Ray Scott (Australian rules football) (1927–2003), Australian rules football player and umpire
Other people
Raymond Scott (1908–1994), American composer and bandleader
Ray Scott (singer) (born 1975), American country music singer
Ray Scott (politician), Colorado state senator
See also
Scott (name) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray%20Scott |
Scouting and Guiding in Queensland is represented by Scouts Australia, Girl Guides Australia, Plast Ukrainian Scouts, and the Australian Baden-Powell Scouts' Association.
History
CHUMS Scout Patrols started forming in Australia in 1908 due to the circulation of CHUMS publication there. R.C. Packer in 1908 supported the formation of the League of Boy Scouts. St. Enoch's Presbyterian Church, Mount Morgan, Queensland formed its unit on 23 November 1908.
In 1909, the Australian League of Boy Scouts Queensland formed. Other groups could have been formed in Queensland by the Boy's Brigade Scouts, British Boy Scouts (BBS), Imperial Boy Scouts (IBS), Anglican Church Lads' Brigade's Church Scout Patrols, Girl Peace Scouts and YMCA Scouts.
In 1910 the CHUMS Scout Patrols merged with the BBS. Also in July 1910, the Australian League of Boy Scouts Queensland affiliated to the United Kingdom's Boy Scouts Association and changed names to League of Baden-Powell Boy Scouts, Queensland Section. St. Enoch's affiliated their company with the Boy's Brigade Scouts in 1910. Started in 1910, the Australian Boy Scouts had merged with the Imperial Boy Scouts to become Australian Imperial Boy Scouts (AIBS) by 1912.
The Church Scout Patrols ceased activities by 1912 while the League of Boy Scouts had stopped operating around 1914. A part of the Girl Peace Scouts joined the Voluntary Aid Detachments during World War I.
Baden-Powell's scouting organisation finally extended itself to Australia almost five years after founding, known as the 'Baden-Powell Boy Scouts' in 1914 later rename to the Boy Scout's Association. The League of Baden-Powell Boy Scouts, Queensland Section changes names again to Boy Scout's Association, Queensland Section.
The Salvation Army's Life Saving Scouts start up in 1921. Boy Scout's Association, Queensland Section merges with the rest of the BSA. The Boys' Brigade (BB) Scouts program ended in 1927 while the Catholic Boy Scouts' Association is formed the same year by the Society of St. Vincent de Paul in New South Wales and Queensland. With the end of the BB Scouts, St. Enoch's unit becomes a BSA unit.
Before 1939, the Boy Scouts’ Association in the United Kingdom sponsored juvenile immigration to Queensland.
The Boy Scout Association wanted their branches to receive monopoly status from the governments so as to control the scouting movement. The BSA sent Overseas Commissioners in the 1920s and 1930s along with Baden-Powell in 1931 and 1934 to Australia in support of this effort. In 1934, the BSA began a move to centralise control over Scout Groups by insisting on property being registered in the BSA's name instead of the local Scout Group. Also that year, the BSA's Queensland branch constitution was changed to remove State Council's elected local representatives. Scout Groups resisted but the BSA used World War II to further the centralisation.
In 1939, Saint Enoch's Church, Mount Morgan scouts became independent as the Blue Boy Scouts in response to BSA's control. During World War II, the Australian IBS disbanded. In June 1943, Sir Leslie Orme Wilson, the Governor of Queensland, resigned as The Boy Scouts Association Chief Scout of Queensland in opposition to a large portion of public donations going towards the many salaries of headquarters staff, making the Chief Commissioner a paid position and its failure to respond to his call for reforms to its centralisation efforts. He felt it was contrary to the first principles of Scouting but would continue to support the movement. Several scouts-in-exile groups started in the 1940s for eastern European scouts, including the "Plast Ukrainian Youth Association in Brisbane, Queensland".
The Australian Boy Scouts Association was formed in 1958 and incorporated On 23 August 1967, as a branch of The Boy Scouts Association of the United Kingdom. The Queensland Branch of The Boy Scouts Association was declared a first Branch of The Australian Boy Scouts Association. In 1971 The Scout Association of Australia changed its name to The Scout Association of Australia. On 15 August 1974, The Scout Association of Australia, Queensland Branch, was incorporated by Letters Patent issued by the Queensland government under the Religious Education Charitable Institutions Act 1861–1967. Only the members of the state council were members of this body corporate. The Scout Association of Australia Queensland Branch Inc. is now incorporated under Associations Incorporation Act 1981. The Scout Association of Australia, Queensland Branch Act 1975 made provisions for the vesting of property and related purposes in the corporation styled "The Scout Association of Australia, Queensland Branch".
Blue Boy Scouts
The 'Mount Morgan Scouts', 'Blue Boy Scouts', or '1st Mount Morgan Company', was a multiple-affiliated Boys Scout company initially affiliated with the Boys' Brigade (B.B.) that was also independent from 1939 to 1957. They received the name as the "Blue Boy Scouts" by retaining their B.B. heritage by wearing blue uniforms and using a modified Scout Promise using "Sure and Steadfast", the B.B. motto.
St. Enoch's Presbyterian Church, Mount Morgan, Queensland formed its unit on 23 November 1908, under Benjamin Gilmore Patterson. Patterson was in the militia from 1900 to 1904 in the Sydney University Scouts with Sir Leslie Orme Wilson. The unit was registered with the Boys' Brigade (BB) Scouts as the 1st Mount Morgan Company in 1910. The Company also that year affiliated itself with the Australian League of Boy Scouts Queensland. In July 1910, the Australian League of Boy Scouts Queensland affiliated with the United Kingdom's Boy Scouts Association/Baden-Powell Boy Scouts and changes names to League of Baden-Powell Boy Scouts, Queensland Section. The in effect triple affiliation existed until the merger of Queensland into the Boy Scout Association in 1926 and the dual affiliation in 1927 with end of the BB Scouts.
In 1921, Patterson received the Silver Wolf Award as Queensland's second awardee. Patterson had also served as a district commissioner of the BSA. The Commonwealth Parliament in 1924 praised him for his Mount Morgan Scouts efforts.
The Boy Scout Association moved for government monopoly status and centralised control. Also that year, the BSA's Queensland branch constitution was changed to remove State Council's elected local representatives.
Patterson resign from the BSA in 1939 over the BSA centralisation issue and took the 1st Mount Morgan Company with him. In 1942, Sir Leslie Orme Wilson, The Governor of Queensland, resigned as chief scout of Queensland Branch due to the failure of the BSA to respond to his call for reforms to its centralisation effort that led to the severance of the Blue Boy Scouts' tie to the BSA. Patterson died in 1955 and the company continued independently for another two years until 1957.
Scouts Australia
The current chief commissioner for Scouts Queensland is Geoff Doo.
Scouting in Queensland is divided into regions:
Brisbane North Region
Brisbane South Region
Central & Coastal Region
Central Western Region
Darling Downs Region
Far North Region
Gold Coast Region
Kennedy Region
Logan and Bay Region
Moreton Region
Near North Coast & Country Region
North Western Region
Capricorn Region
South Eastern Region
Suncoast Region
Western Region
Wide Bay-Burnett Region
The Baden-Powell Heritage Centre located at Samford and the Heritage Archival Reference Centre at Auchenflower hold heritage material on Scouting in Queensland and help Scouts with the Heritage Badge.
The Baden-Powell Guild also operates in Queensland and has many sub-branches and members.
There is a Scout Air Activities Centre at Redcliffe Aerodrome. The association has several properties across the state, including:
Baden-Powell Park, Samford, Brisbane. The 56 hectares of natural bush land park, adjoining Brisbane Forest Park, has a museum, large camping fields, a pool, and abseiling tower. The site is also home to Kulgun, the State leader training centre; and
Eprapah, the Charles S. Snow Scout Environment Training Centre, Victoria Point, near Brisbane. Home to koalas, there is indigenous, European, and Scouting heritage, together with a variety of ecosystems (riparian, estuarine, rainforest). The site is bounded to the north by Eprapah Creek, and forms a wildlife corridor from Mount Cotton. Its value is recognised as a declared environmental reserve by the local city council, and designated as a Scout Centre of Excellence for Nature and Environment (SCENES) site.
Web Access Made Easy was founded by Scouts Queensland to be an internet service provider in Queensland and to support the branch.
The Brisbane Gang Show is an amateur theatrical performance. It is the second longest continuously running Gang Show in the world, starting in 1952 and being performed each year since. The show is held in July each year at the Schonell Theatre, University of Queensland. It is currently one of the five oldest Gang Shows in the world.
Girl Guides Queensland
The State Office is at 132 Lutwyche Road, Windsor, Queensland. Guide House, at 17 Gould Road, Herston, was damaged in the 2011 Brisbane floods.
History
The Scouting Movement was formed by boys reading Scouting for Boys (1908), and then seeking leaders to assist them. Guiding was similar. In other states of Australia, today's Girl Guides had their origins as Girl Peace Scouts, Florence Nightingale Girl Aids, Baden-Powell Girl Guides, and in New South Wales' and Queensland's case, the League of Girl Aids.
The Bayswater Girl Aids, at Paddington, were active by February 1910, with new patrols to be formed at Clayfield (north Brisbane) and Yeronga (south Brisbane). It was also noted at the time: 'Scoutmasters are reminded that the League of Boy Scouts is a separate and distinct organisation from the League of Girl Aids. No Scoutmaster under the League of Boy Scouts can have any control whatever over companies of Guides who have their own lady officers appointed by their own League.'
Miss Marjorie Frances Grimes (1895–1956), of 'Tarragindi', south Brisbane, was instrumental in the formation of today's organisation. She became the honorary secretary on 15 November 1919 of the committee to establish the Girl Guide Movement in Brisbane. Grimes was the leader of the Tarragindi Girl Scouts (formed circa 1915), which became one of the first registered companies to the new state organisation in 1920.
The first Guide administrative meeting place was the YWCA rooms in Adelaide Street, Brisbane in 1920, but the name 'Girl Guide Headquarters' was not used until the third established office in Victory Chambers, Queen Street in 1923.
The organisation was known as the Girl Guides Association (Queensland, Australia), and later, Guides Queensland. From the British Royal charters of 1922 and 1949, the association is incorporated under the Guides Queensland Act 1970 (Qld).
Guiding today
Girl Guides Queensland is divided into 16 regions, including one that covers the whole state for Lone Guides (Lones region).:
Andrew Petrie Region
Brisbane North Region
Capricorn Region
Dalrymple Region
Darling Downs Border Region
Flinders Region
Gold Coast Region
John Oxley Region
Lones Region
Major Mitchell Region
Moogerah Region
Moreton Region
Southern Cross Region
Sunshine Coast Region
Tropical North
Wide Bay Region
A Queensland Guide Museum was opened in from Geebung, Brisbane in 2008, but as of 2015, was still being relocated.
The organisation has several properties, but principally the Kindilan Outdoor Education and Conference Centre, Redland Bay.
Gang Shows
Brisbane Gang Show – started in 1952.
Notes
References
External links
Queensland Scout Branch web page
Girl Guides Queensland web page
List of Scout groups
Map of Scout groups
Scout Supply Centre
Baden-Powell Heritage Centre & Museum, Baden-Powell Park, Cash Avenue, Samford, Queensland
Baden-Powell Guild – Queensland Inc.
Digitised Scouting in Queensland Journal Issues 1966 to 1979, State Library of Queensland
Queensland, Scouting in | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scouting%20and%20Guiding%20in%20Queensland |
Southside Johnny and the Asbury Jukes are an American musical group from the Jersey Shore led by Southside Johnny. They have been recording albums since 1976 and are closely associated with Bruce Springsteen & The E Street Band. They have recorded or performed several Springsteen songs, including "The Fever" and "Fade Away". Springsteen has also performed with the band on numerous occasions and in 1991 guested on their Better Days album. During the band's formative years Steven Van Zandt acted as the band's co-leader, guitarist, songwriter, arranger and producer while other E Streeters including Clarence Clemons, Max Weinberg, Garry Tallent, Ernest Carter, Patti Scialfa and Soozie Tyrell have all performed, toured or recorded with the Jukes. The band's horn section – the Miami Horns – has also toured and recorded with Springsteen. More than one hundred musicians can claim to have been members of the Asbury Jukes, including Jon Bon Jovi who toured with the band as a special guest during 1990. Bon Jovi has also cited the band as an influence and Jukes' Bobby Bandiera and Jeff Kazee have also toured with Bon Jovi. Other notable band members include Mark Pender and Richie "La Bamba" Rosenberg who have played regularly with the Max Weinberg 7 on both Late Night with Conan O'Brien and The Tonight Show with Conan O'Brien.
History
Early years
Southside Johnny and Steven Van Zandt, the two prime movers behind the formation of the Jukes, began playing together in various bands during the early 1970s. These bands, initially based out of The Upstage Club at 702 Cookman Avenue in Asbury Park, New Jersey, were usually short lived and often included Bruce Springsteen and various future members of The E Street Band. Amongst the earliest of these bands was Funky Dusty & The Soul Broom, a short-lived 1970 band which also featured Garry Tallent and Bobby Williams (drums). The same quartet also acted as backing band for a local folksinger Jeannie Clark. At the time Van Zandt was also a member of Steel Mill while Southside had just left one of his formative bands, Maelstrom. Next came Steve Van Zandt & Friends, a January 1971 band that also included Springsteen, Tallent, Williams, and Danny Federici. By February 1971 Van Zandt and Southside, together with Tallent and David Sancious, were playing as Steve Van Zandt & The Big Bad Bobby Williams Band. In March 1971, Van Zandt and Southside also featured in a short-lived Springsteen band, The Friendly Enemies. The highlight of their brief existence was opening for The Allman Brothers. Other members of this band included Tallent, Sancious, Williams, and Vini Lopez. In April 1971, Van Zandt and Southside also began co-leading The Sundance Blues Band, a group whose line-up would also feature Springsteen, Lopez, Tallent, and Sancious. In May 1971, Springsteen also recruited all the members of The Sundance Blues Band to play in his very short-lived band, Dr. Zoom & The Sonic Boom. Among the many musicians to play with this group was Kevin Kavanaugh, a future Juke. Kavanagh grew up in Middletown, New Jersey and was a childhood friend of Van Zandt. They had also played together in a band called The Shadows. From July 1971, Van Zandt, Lopez, Tallent, and Sancious also began backing Springsteen as The Bruce Springsteen Band and they would eventually evolve into The E Street Band. Southside Johnny would also occasionally play with this band. 1972 would prove to be another active year for Van Zandt and Southside Johnny. As well as playing with The Sundance Blues Band, backing Springsteen, and performing as a duo, Southside Johnny & The Kid, together with Kavanaugh, they also played in bands such as Albee & The Hired Hands and the Bank Street Blues Band.
Blackberry Booze Band
By 1974, Steven Van Zandt was playing with Al Berger in The Dovells backing band and Southside Johnny began to play with the Blackberry Booze Band which Kenny Pentifallo had already been drumming for. It was this band that eventually evolved into the Asbury Jukes. The original BBB had been playing together since 1968 and by 1974 featured a line-up of Paul Green (harmonica, vocals), Paul Dickler (guitar), David Meyers (bass) and Kenny Pentifallo (drums). They had established themselves as the house band at a new club, The Stone Pony. Green was the band's lead singer but he preferred to play harmonica. Meanwhile, Southside Johnny was playing harmonica with the Bank Street Blues Band but had few opportunities to sing lead. Green and Southside Johnny effectively swapped bands and Southside Johnny soon emerged as the leader of BBB, firing Dickler and Meyers but keeping Pentifallo on the drums. He subsequently recruited Kevin Kavanaugh and Van Zandt, who in turn recruited Al Berger, and in June 1975, inspired by Little Walter & The Jukes they changed their name to the Asbury Jukes. The original Jukes line-up was then completed with the addition of Mexican American Carlo Novi (tenor sax) and Billy Rush (guitar)
The Miami Steve era
In July 1975, Steven Van Zandt joined Bruce Springsteen's E Street Band and subsequently accompanied him on the Born to Run tour. Meanwhile back in Asbury Park, the Jukes became Southside Johnny & the Asbury Jukes and continued to play as the house band at the Stone Pony. However Van Zandt maintained his association with the Jukes and produced a four-song demo at the Record Plant Studios that attracted the attention of Steve Popovich of Epic Records. This then led to Van Zandt producing their debut album, I Don't Want to Go Home, at the same studio. Van Zandt also wrote three songs for the album including "How Come You Treat Me So Bad?", which featured guest vocals from Lee Dorsey and the title track, which effectively became the band's signature tune. Other highlights on the album are two songs donated by Springsteen – "The Fever" and "You Mean So Much To Me". Clarence Clemons provided bass vocal on the former but is credited under the pseudonym Selmon T. Sachs while the latter was performed as a duet by Southside Johnny and Ronnie Spector.
During the 1970s, Van Zandt went on to produce two further albums with the Jukes. This Time It's For Real, released in 1977, saw Van Zandt write eight of the album's ten songs, including three co-written by Springsteen. It also featured guest appearances from The Drifters, The Coasters and The Five Satins. Their third album, Hearts Of Stone, released in 1978 was recorded without guest appearances and featured entirely original material. Van Zandt wrote seven of the nine songs including "Trapped Again", co-written with Southside Johnny and Springsteen. Springsteen also donated two further songs, the title track and "Talk to Me".
The band was also featured in the 1977 film Between the Lines which starred then unknown actors Jeff Goldblum, John Heard, Lindsay Crouse, Jill Eikenberry, and Stephen Collins. The band is shown performing "Sweeter Than Honey" and "Having a Party".
In 1979, Southside Johnny and the Asbury Jukes performed a homecoming concert in Asbury Park which was the subject of a documentary film directed and produced by Neal Marshad called Southside Johnny & the Asbury Jukes at the Asbury Park Convention Center. The film was first shown in January 1980 on Warner Cable's QUBE in Columbus, Ohio.
In August 1979, the band played at Knebworth Festival in England. The headline act at both their appearances at the festival, over two consecutive Saturdays on 4 and 11 August, were Led Zeppelin.
The Billy Rush era
1979 saw Southside Johnny & the Asbury Jukes undergo several important changes. Their first three studio albums had only been moderate commercial successes and they were subsequently dropped by Epic Records. His increasing commitments to Bruce Springsteen also saw Steven Van Zandt end his working relationship with the Jukes and this led to Billy Rush taking over as the band's co-leader and principal songwriter. The next three Jukes albums were all released on Mercury Records. The Jukes was recorded at Muscle Shoals Sound Studio and produced by Barry Beckett. This was then followed by Love is a Sacrifice and a double live album Reach Up and Touch the Sky. The latter two both saw Stephan Galfas help out with engineering and production and also featured a trio of backing singers – Patti Scialfa, Soozie Kirschner and Lisa Lowell. 1983's Trash It Up was released by Mirage Records and produced by Nile Rodgers while 1984's In the Heat saw Asbury dropped from the band's name. It also marked the end of Billy Rush’s association with the Jukes. After leaving the band, Rush went on produce for Taka Boom, Serge Gainsbourg and Kacy Crowley.
The Bobby Bandiera Era
Guitarist Bobby Bandiera replaced Rush in 1985. The band released At Least We Got Shoes in 1986 as Southside Johnny & the Jukes before becoming Southside Johnny & the Asbury Jukes again. In 1991 they released Better Days which yielded minor hits with "It's Been a Long Time" and "I've Been Workin' Too Hard" and included vocal contributions from Bruce Springsteen and Jon Bon Jovi. Bon Jovi even joined the band as a special guest on their 1990 tour.
The band released several more albums in the 1990s and 2000s and they changed membership several times. their lineup includes keyboardist Jeff Kazee and bassist John Conte.
In 1987, the band was in the film Adventures in Babysitting. They were featured in the college frat party scene singing two songs.
2000s
In 2010, the band released Pills and Ammo with songs written by Southside Johnny and Jeff Kazee. The Jukes continue to perform extensively throughout the northeast United States and annually in the UK and Europe.
In 2011, looking to expand his artistic opportunities, Southside Johnny and The Poor Fools were formed. Composed of musicians Jeff Kazee, John Conte, Tommy Brynes, and Soozie Tyrell, this acoustic-ish ensemble plays a wide range of music from Dylan, Mose Allison, Muddy Waters, NRBQ, Richard Thompson, Emmylou Harris, The Band, George Jones, and more, as well as some of the legendary Asbury Jukes material in a stripped down format.
In February 2013, Southside Johnny and The Poor Fools released their debut studio album entitled Songs From the Barn (recorded in Jon Bon Jovi's studio, a converted horse barn in New Jersey.) Consisting of twelve tracks, including six original songs written by John Lyon and Jeff Kazee, the recording also includes covers the band has been playing live.
In August 2015, Southside Johnny and the Asbury Jukes released their first new album in five years, called Soultime! The album is described as a "collection of vintage-sounding contemporary soul", garnered positive reviews and the band began an extensive tour in fall 2015 in support of the album.
Members
Current
Southside Johnny – lead vocals, harmonica (1975–present)
Glenn Alexander – guitars, vocals (2010–present)
Chris Anderson – trumpet, flugelhorn (1997–present)
John Conte – bass (2008–present)
John Isley – saxophone
Jeff Kazee – piano, Hammond organ
Neal Pawley – trombone
Thomas "Goose" Seguso – drums (2010–present)
Former
Steven Van Zandt – lead and rhythm guitar (1975–1980)
Billy Rush – lead and rhythm guitar (1975–1986)
Bobby Bandiera – vocals, lead and rhythm guitar (1986–2010)
Joel Gramolini – guitar
Mick Seeley – guitar, keyboards
Jon Bon Jovi – guitar (1990)
Ricky Byrd – guitar
Jack Callahan – guitar
Ralph Notaro – guitar
Billy Walton – guitar
Al Berger – bass, guitar (1975-???)
Gene Boccia – bass
Steve Buslowe – bass
George L. Ruiz – bass
Garry Tallent – bass
David Hayes – bass
Muddy Shews – bass
Kelly Tyrrel – bass
Kenny Pentifallo – Drums/Bass Vocals (1974–1978)
Steve Becker – drums (*7 November 1952; † 1 June 2014)
Ernest Carter – drums
Tom Major – drums
David Beal – drums
Joe Bellia – drums
David Longworth – drums
Chucki Burke – drums
Kevin Kavanaugh – keyboards (*27 November 1951; † 4 June 2011)
Wes Nagy – keyboards
Rusty Cloud – keyboards
Carlo Novi – tenor saxophone (1975-???)
Bob Kalach – tenor saxophone
Stan Harrison – tenor saxophone
Jerry Vivno – tenor saxophone
Frank Elmo – tenor saxophone
Tony Aiello – tenor saxophone
Joey Stann – tenor saxophone
Rick Gazda – trumpet
Deacon Earl Gardener – trumpet
Mark Pender – trumpet
Tony Pallagrosi – trumpet
Bob Muckin – trumpet
Mike Spengler – trumpet
Danny Stiles – trumpet
Al Torrente – trumpet
Barry Danielian – trumpet
Jim Brady – trumpet
Tony Perruso – trumpet
Don Harris – trumpet
Eddie Manion – baritone saxophone
Louie Parente – trombone
Bob Ferrell – trombone
Amedeo "Beef" Ciminnisi-trombone
Dan Levine – trombone
Richie "La Bamba" Rosenberg – trombone
Patti Scialfa – backing vocals
Soozie Kirschner – backing vocals
Lisa Lowell – backing vocals
14 Karat Soul – backing vocals
Discography
Studio albums
Southside Johnny & The Asbury Jukes
I Don't Want to Go Home (1976)
This Time It's for Real (1977)
Hearts of Stone (1978)
The Jukes (1979)
Love Is a Sacrifice (1980)
Better Days (1991)
Messin' With the Blues (2000)
Going To Jukesville (2002)
Into the Harbour (2005)
Pills and Ammo (2010)
Soultime! (2015)
Asbury Park to Paris : Non-Stop (2017)
Southside Johnny & The Jukes
Trash It Up (1983)
In the Heat (1984)
At Least We Got Shoes (1986)
Southside Johnny
Slow Dance (1988)
Southside Johnny with La Bamba's Big Band
Grapefruit Moon: The Songs of Tom Waits (2008)
Southside Johnny and The Poor Fools
Songs From the Barn (2013)
Live Recordings
Southside Johnny & The Asbury Jukes
Live at the Bottom Line (1976)
Live: Reach Up and Touch the Sky (1981)
Hearts Of Stone Part 1 Public Recording At Paris In France The 04/22/1989 (1991)
Hearts Of Stone Part 2 Public Recording At Paris In France The 04/22/1989 (1991)
All I Wants Is Everything - Public Recording In 1984 At Bayou Club Washington DC (1992)
Live at the Paradise Theater (2000)
From Southside to Tyneside (2008)
1978: Live in Boston (2008)
Hearts of Stone LIVE (2009)
Men Without Women LIVE (2012)
Live Bottom Line NYC 77 (2015)
Live From E Street (EP) (2017)
Southside Johnny
Spittin' Fire (1997)
Southside Johnny & Little Steven
Unplugged Live 1993
Unplugged vol. 2
Talk To Me Radio Broadcast - 1991
Compilations
Southside Johnny and the Asbury Jukes Havin' a Party With Southside Johnny (1979)
The Best of Southside Johnny & The Asbury Jukes (1992)
All I Want Is Everything – The Best of 1979 – 1991 (1993)
Ruff Stuff (EP) (1995)
Rockin’ With the Jukes (1998)
Restless Heart (1998)
More Ruff Stuff (EP) (2000)
Superhits (2001)
Found In a Closet (EP) (2003)
Missing Pieces (2004)
Collections (2006)
Jukebox (2007)
Fever! The Anthology 1976–1991 (2008)
Ruff Stuff 3 (EP) (2008)
Acoustic Ammo (EP) (2011)
Playlist: The Very Best of Southside Johnny & The Asbury Jukes ('76-'80) (2013)
The Fever--The Remastered Epic Recordings (2 CD) Original recording remastered (2017)
Singles & Remix
Southside Johnny & The Jukes' Trash It Up - Divers Version Mix (1983)
Get Your Body On The Job - Version Short & Long Version (1983)
New Romeo - Dub Version (1984)
Love Is The Drug - Long Version (1984)
Captured'' - Long Version & Mix Version (1984)
Only available in Vinyl 45 Tour and 33 Tour
References
External links
Jersey Shore musical groups
Musical groups established in 1975
Musical groups from Asbury Park, New Jersey
1975 establishments in New Jersey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southside%20Johnny%20and%20the%20Asbury%20Jukes |
John Harold Whisenant Jr. (born June 18, 1945) is an American former head coach for the Sacramento Monarchs and New York Liberty in the Women's National Basketball Association (WNBA).
Coaching career
After starting at Connors Junior College in Warner, Oklahoma, Whisenant transferred to New Mexico State University in 1963 and played two seasons, including a senior season leading the team at 13.1 points per game.
Whisenant began his coaching career as an assistant coach at Coffeyville Community College in 1966; Coffeyville went 48–10 in his two years on staff. From 1968 to 1972, Whisenant was head coach at Arizona Western Junior College and led the school to three league championships and a cumulative 97–30 record.
From 1972 to 1979, Whisenant was an assistant coach at New Mexico under Norm Ellenberger and helped New Mexico accumulate a record of 137–62 and two WAC championships.
Whisenant began a business career focusing on real estate and horse racing after leaving the New Mexico coaching staff. He also coached his son's AAU team in Albuquerque and had a cumulative 176–16 record.
From 1999 to 2001, Whisenant was head coach and vice president of basketball operations for the New Mexico Slam of the International Basketball League. The Slam went 51–35 in its two seasons of existence, including 38–26 in 1999–2000.
After his stint with the Monarchs, Whisenant was coach and GM for the New York Liberty. On October 25, 2012, the Liberty announced that Whisenant would be leaving the team.
Outside of coaching, Whisenant is a partner in a commercial real estate firm in Albuquerque, New Mexico.
References
1945 births
American men's basketball coaches
American men's basketball players
American women's basketball coaches
basketball coaches from Oklahoma
basketball players from Oklahoma
Coffeyville Red Ravens men's basketball players
Connors State Cowboys basketball players
junior college men's basketball coaches in the United States
living people
New Mexico Lobos men's basketball coaches
New Mexico State Aggies men's basketball players
New York Liberty head coaches
people from Gore, Oklahoma
Pittsburg State University alumni
Sacramento Monarchs coaches
Women's National Basketball Association championship-winning head coaches
Women's National Basketball Association executives
Women's National Basketball Association general managers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Whisenant |
Vaino Jack Vehko (5 May 1918 – 17 August 1999) was an engineer for the Chrysler Corporation.
Vehko was born in Detroit, Michigan, was the son of James Vehko (aka Jalmari Vehkomäki) of Kolho, Finland.
He spent his entire career with Chrysler Corporation developing aircraft engines, guided missiles and booster rockets. In 1952 he joined Chrysler Missile Division as head of engineering for the Redstone and then the Jupiter missile systems. In 1960 he became Director of Engineering on the Saturn S-I and S-IB booster rocket program at Chrysler Space Division's Michoud operation in New Orleans, Louisiana.
The Saturn I was the United States' first heavy lift launch vehicle. It had ten successful flights, including four Apollo boilerplate flights and three Pegasus micrometeoroid satellites. The Saturn IB boosters successfully launched four uncrewed and five crewed Apollo missions. They were the forerunners of the Saturn V that launched the NASA Apollo Moon missions. Vehko retired as General Manager of the Chrysler Space Division in 1976.
He received a B.S. in Mechanical Engineering from the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor in 1940, and a M.S. degree in Automotive Engineering from Chrysler Institute of Engineering, Highland Park, Michigan in 1942. After World War II he worked with recently arrived German rocket designers led by Wernher von Braun in Huntsville, Alabama.
He married Hilda Scherer (1921–2008) in 1941, with whom he had four children. He died in Austin, Texas.
Publications
References
External links
National Aeronautics and Space Administration Honor Awards
1918 births
1999 deaths
American aerospace engineers
People from Detroit
American people of Finnish descent
University of Michigan College of Engineering alumni
20th-century American engineers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vaino%20Jack%20Vehko |
B. Radhakrishnan is a Carrom player from India. At the third SAARC Carrom Championship (1999) at Malé, Maldives, he won fourth place in the singles event and won the team event as part of the Indian team.
External links
B. Radhakrishnan - Carrom champion
Tamil sportspeople
Indian carrom players
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/B.%20Radhakrishnan |
Ariel Misick (born 1951) is a Turks and Caicos Islands politician and former minister of development and commerce. He served on a four-member interim Advisory Council from July 1986 to 3 March 1988 after two previous Chief Ministers were forced to resign and ministerial government in the territory was suspended. He is now a partner at the law firm of Misick & Stanbrook. Misick was a member of the National Democratic Alliance.
Ariel practices in Civil and Commercial Litigation and Constitutional Law and also in the area of Trusts Law, Banking, and Corporate and Commercial.
He founded the firm in 1981. Ariel is the most senior advocate in the Turks and Caicos Islands and has extensive experience in Turks and Caicos and also in England appearing as an advocate in various appeals before the Privy Council.
Ministerial government resumed after elections were held in early 1988.
References
1951 births
Living people
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
Turks and Caicos Islands lawyers
Turks and Caicos Islands politicians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ariel%20Misick |
John Raymond Scott (born July 12, 1938) is an American former professional basketball player and coach.
Playing career
A 6'9" forward/center who played college basketball at the University of Portland, Scott was selected with the fourth pick of the 1961 NBA draft by the Detroit Pistons, and was a deadly shooter near the perimeter of the court. Scott had an 11-year career in the National Basketball Association (NBA) and the American Basketball Association (ABA), with the Pistons, Baltimore Bullets, and Virginia Squires.
Coaching career
Scott was promoted from assistant to head coach of the Pistons on October 28, 1972, succeeding Earl Lloyd after a 2–5 start. Under his direction, the ballclub went 38–37 for the remainder of the 1972–73 campaign. He received the NBA Coach of the Year Award and become the first black man to win NBA coach of the year after guiding the Pistons to a then-franchise-best 52–30 regular season record in 1973–74. The team slumped to 40–42 in 1974–75. He was dismissed and replaced by assistant Herb Brown with the Pistons at 17–25 on January 26, 1976. He was appointed men's basketball head coach at Eastern Michigan University just over six weeks later on March 10, 1976. Over three seasons, he guided EMU to a 29–52 record. Eastern Michigan fired Scott in March 1979.
Personal
After his coaching career, Scott went into private business. He also has held the position of ambassador for children and families for the Wellspring Lutheran service agency in Michigan. In February 2008, Scott was inducted into the Michigan Sports Hall of Fame. In April 2008, during a celebration of the Pistons' 50th anniversary, he was named one of the "30 All-Time Pistons". In November 2017, Scott was inducted into the Philadelphia Sports Hall of Fame.
Ray married Jennifer Ziehm June 27th, 1981. They met during his coaching of the mens basketball team at Eastern Michigan University in Ypsilanti.
Together the share three daughters; Allison, Devon, and Nia. Ray also has a fourth daughter as well named Maria.
Ray coached two of his daughters in grade school basketball for the Ann Arbor St. Paul Lutheran School Lady Crusaders. Coaching there for almost a decade, he claims that was his most satisfying experience in basketball. “Coaching my girls was one of the most fulfilling feelings [I] could ever have in life. Just coaching my girls.“
He still resides, happily married to Jennifer, on Michigan’s East Side.
June 14th of 2022, Ray published and released his first Book, a memoir. It is an autobiographical piece that reflects on racism and segregation he faced in the 1960s and 70s in regards to his career in the NBA. The book title is The NBA in Black and White: The Memoir of a Trailblazing NBA Player and Coach.
References
1938 births
Living people
Allentown Jets players
American men's basketball players
Baltimore Bullets (1963–1973) players
Basketball coaches from Pennsylvania
Basketball players from Philadelphia
Buffalo Braves expansion draft picks
Centers (basketball)
Detroit Pistons draft picks
Detroit Pistons head coaches
Detroit Pistons players
Eastern Michigan Eagles men's basketball coaches
Portland Pilots men's basketball players
Power forwards (basketball)
Virginia Squires players
West Philadelphia High School alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ray%20Scott%20%28basketball%29 |
The Thompson/Center Contender is a break-action single-shot pistol or rifle that was introduced in 1967 by Thompson/Center Arms. It can be chambered in cartridges from .22 Long Rifle to .45-70 Government.
History
Warren Center, working in his basement shop in the 1960s, developed a unique, break-action, single-shot pistol. In 1965, Center joined the K.W. Thompson Tool Company and they introduced this design as the Thompson-Center Contender in 1967. Although they cost more than some hunting revolvers, the flexibility of being able to shoot multiple calibers by simply changing the barrel and sights and its higher accuracy made it popular with handgun hunters. As K.W. Thompson Tool began marketing Center's Contender pistol, the company name was changed to Thompson/Center Arms Company.
Originally the chamberings were on the low end of the recoil spectrum such as .22 LR, .22 WMR, .22 Hornet, .38 Special, and .22 Remington Jet, but as Magnum calibers took off in the 1970s, the Contender quickly became very popular with shooting enthusiasts.
Design
The most unusual feature of the Contender is how the barrel is attached to the frame. By removing the fore-end, a large hinge pin is exposed; by pushing this hinge pin out, the barrel can be removed. Since the sights and extractor remain attached to the barrel in the Contender design, the frame itself contains no cartridge-specific features. A barrel of another caliber or length can be installed and pinned in place, the fore-end replaced, and the pistol is ready to shoot with a different barrel and pre-aligned sights. This allowed easy changes of calibers, sights, and barrel lengths, with only a flat screwdriver being required for this change.
The Contender frame has two firing pins, and a selector on the exposed hammer, to allow the shooter to choose between rimfire or centerfire firing pins, or to select a safety position from which neither firing pin can strike a primer. The initial baseline design of the Contender had no central safe position on the hammer, having only centerfire and rimfire firing pin positions, each being selectable through using a screwdriver.
Three variants of the original Contender design were later developed, distinguished easily by the hammer design. The first variant has a push button selector on the hammer for choosing rimfire vs. centerfire, the second variant has a left-center-right toggle switch for selecting center fire-safe-rimfire firing pins, and the third variant has a horizontal bolt selection for choosing center fire-safe-rimfire firing pin positions. All three of these Contender variants have a cougar etched on the sides of the receiver, thereby easily distinguishing them from the later G2 Contender which has a smooth-sided receiver without an etched cougar. Some of the very earliest Contenders, those requiring a screwdriver to switch the firing pin between rimfire and centerfire, had smooth sides, without the cougar etched on the sides.
The original Contender designs have an adjustable trigger, allowing the shooter to change both take-up and overtravel, permitting user selection of a range of trigger pulls ranging from a fairly heavy trigger pull suitable for carrying the pistol while hunting to a "hair trigger" suitable for long range target shooting (see accurize).
Unlike the later G2 Contender, the original Contender may be safely dry-fired (provided the hammer is not drawn back from the second notch) to allow a shooter to become familiar with the trigger pull. The break-action only has to be cycled, while leaving the hammer in the second notch position, to practice dry-firing. G2's with switchable firing pins (centerfire or rimfire) can be safely dry-fired with the hammer only in the safety (center) position.
Barrels
Barrels have been made in lengths of . Heavier recoiling cartridge barrels have been made with integral muzzle brakes. Barrels for the original Contender may be used on the later-released G2 Contender and G2 barrels may be used on original Contender frames with a serial number greater than .
The earliest barrels, from early 1967 to late 1967, were all octagonal with a flat bottom lug, and were available in only lengths. The next group of barrels, from late 1967 to 1972, were available in lengths. Later, round barrels were added in a wider variety of lengths, including . Likewise, round barrels in heavier (bull) barrel configurations, known as Super 14 pistol and Super 16 pistol barrels, respectively, were added. Carbine barrels in were added for the Contenders.
Sights on all the pistol barrels have varied, ranging from low iron sights, only, in the earlier years to a choice of either low or high iron sights, as well as no sights, for those pistol barrels intended for use with a scope. Various barrels have sometimes included ejectors as well as extractors, or extractors only, as well as containing either a flat bottom lug, a stepped bottom lug, or split bottom lugs. On barrels with an extractor only, about a quarter of the empty cartridge is extracted when the mechanism is opened. Barrels have been made available in either blued or stainless configurations, to match the finish available on Contender receivers.
Unlike most other firearm actions, the break-action design does not require the barrels to be specially fitted to an individual action. Any barrel, with the exception of a Herrett barrel, that is made for a Contender will fit onto any frame, allowing the shooter to purchase additional barrels in different calibers for a fraction of the cost of a complete firearm. Since the sights are mounted on the barrel, they remain sighted-in and zeroed between barrel changes.
Stocks
Pistol grips, butt stocks and fore-ends have been made available in stained walnut, or in recoil reducing composite materials. Different pistol fore-ends are required for the octagonal versus the round versus the bull barrels. The fore-ends have had an assortment of either one or two screw attachment points, used for attaching the fore-ends to the barrel with its matching one or two attachment points. Universally, the fore-ends, in addition to attaching to the barrel, cover the single hinge pin that connects the barrel to the receiver.
The wood stocks and forend are made specifically for Thompson Center by a sawmill in Kansas.
Calibers
Calibers available for the Contender were initially limited, stopping just short of the .308 Winchester-class rifle cartridges. However, almost any cartridge from .22 Long Rifle through .30-30 Winchester is acceptable, as long as a peak pressure of 48,000 CUP is not exceeded. This flexibility prompted a boom in the development of wildcat cartridges suitable for the Contender, such as the 7-30 Waters and .357 Herrett and the various TCU cartridges, most of which were commonly based on either the widely available .30-30 Winchester or .223 Remington cases. The largest factory caliber offered for the Contender was the .45-70, which, although a much larger case than the .308, is still feasible because of the relatively low cartridge pressures of the original black-powder round relative to the limits of the bolt face of the Contender receiver. Custom gunmakers have added to the selection, such as the J. D. Jones line of JDJ cartridges based on the .225 Winchester and .444 Marlin. Other barrel makers pushed beyond the limits the factory set, and chambered Contender barrels in lighter .308-class cartridges like the .243 Winchester. The Contender can fire .410 bore shotgun shells, either through the .45 Colt/.410 barrel or through a special smoothbore shotgun barrel. A ported, rifled, .44 Magnum barrel was made available for use with shotshell cartridges in a removable-choke .44 Magnum barrel, with the choke being used to unspin the shot from the barrel rifling, or, by removing the choke, for use with standard .44 Magnum cartridges. The degree of flexibility provided by the Contender design is unique for experimenting with new cartridges, handloads, barrel lengths, and shotshells.
G2
The original Contender is now known as the generation one (G1) Contender and was replaced by the G2 Contender in 1998. The new design is dimensionally the same as the original Contender, but uses an Encore-style trigger group. Due to the changes in the trigger mechanism, and to differences in the angle of the grip relative to the boreline of the gun, the buttstocks and pistol grips are different between the G1 and G2 Contenders and will not interchange. The G2 uses essentially the same barrels and fore-ends as the original Contender and barrels will interchange, with the only two exceptions being the G2 muzzleloading barrels, which will only fit the G2 frame, and the Herrett barrels/fore-ends, which are specific for use only on a G1 frame.
Years of Manufacture
Starting in 1967, the Contender was discontinued in 2000. The year of manufacture is determined by the serial numbers as follows:
See also
FN Five-seven
Remington XP-100
Savage Striker
References
Single-shot pistols
Thompson/Center pistols
.22 LR pistols
Pistols of the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thompson/Center%20Contender |
Carlos W. Simons QC (born 8 October 1954) is a Turks and Caicos Islands lawyer and politician.
Career
SImons served on a four-member interim Advisory Council He from July 1986 to 3 March 1988 after two previous Chief Ministers were forced to resign and ministerial government in the territory was suspended. Ministerial government resumed after elections were held in early 1988.
He was a member of the National Democratic Alliance during the suspension of government in the 1980s and is now the deputy leader of the Progressive National Party. He is standing as an at-large representative (i.e. for the All-Island District) in the 2012 general election.
Education
Simons attended City University London for his LL.B., and went on to the Inns of Court School of Law. He was called to the bar of England and Wales in 1983, and the following year was admitted to practice as an attorney at law at the Supreme Court of the Turks and Caicos Islands.
References
1954 births
Living people
Progressive National Party (Turks and Caicos Islands) politicians
Turks and Caicos Islands lawyers
Alumni of the University of London | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos%20Simons |
Another Spin Around the Sun is the debut solo album by Canadian alternative rock musician Edwin. It was released on April 27, 1999, in Canada, and July 4, 2000, in the United States. The album marked a musical change in his career from his previous work with I Mother Earth, being more pop-oriented. It spawned five singles "Trippin'", "Hang Ten", "Alive", "And You", and "Rush". The album went Platinum in Canada and was nominated for a Juno Award for Best Rock album in 2000.
Track listing
"Theories" (Edwin, David Martin) – 4:36
"Trippin'" (Edwin, Martin, Ben Dunk) – 3:22
"Hang Ten" (Edwin, Martin) – 3:32
"And You" (Edwin, Jack Blades, Jim Huff) – 3:59
"Screaming Kings" (Edwin, John Keller) – 4:22
"Shotgun" (Edwin, Ruben Huizenga) – 2:38
"Alive" (Edwin, Martin, Stephan Moccio) – 6:10
"Rush" (Edwin, Matt DeMatteo, Martin) – 4:19
"Amazing" (Edwin, Huizenga) – 4:09
"Take Me Anywhere" (Edwin, Huizenga) – 4:29
"Better Than This" (Edwin) – 5:06
"Another Drink" (hidden track) (Edwin, DeMatteo) - 2:35
Chart positions
Album
Year-end
Singles
Personnel
Edwin - Vocals, backing vocals
Ruben Huizenga - Bass, Keyboards, backing vocals, Piano, Guitar, Producer, Engineer
Matt DeMatteo - Guitar, Piano, Drums, Keyboards, Programming, backing vocals, Producer, Engineer
Christian Szczesniak - Guitar, Keyboards
Stephan Szczesniak - Drums
Kenneth Cunningham - Bass, Keyboards, Piano
Additional:
Blake Manning - Percussion, Drums
Andrew Charters - Bass
Chris Simpson - Drums
Tanya Nagowski - Production Coordination
George Marino - Mastering
Anne Greenwood - Choir, Chorus
Annalee Patipatanakoon - Strings
Roberto Occhipinti - Strings
Joe L. Britt - Choir, Chorus
Daniel Mansilla - Percussion
Mike Roth - A&R
Melanie Campbell - Choir, Chorus
Catherine McRae - Art Direction, Design
Danny Couto - Photography, Animation
Heather Barnes - Choir, Chorus
Elizabeth Blastorah - Choir, Chorus
Sharon Alexander - Choir, Chorus
Lenny DeRose - Engineer, String Engineer
Stephan Moccio - String Arrangements
David Hetherington - Strings
Fujice Imajishi - Strings
Mel Mandel - Strings
Jonathan Craig - Strings
Roman Borys - Strings
Marie Berard - Strings
Douglas Perry - Strings
Marc-Andre Savoie - Strings
Mark Skazinetsky - Strings
References
1999 debut albums
Edwin (musician) albums
Sony Music Canada | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Another%20Spin%20Around%20the%20Sun |
Emmanuel Misick is a politician from the Turks and Caicos Islands. He served on a four-member interim Advisory Council from July 1986 to 3 March 1988 after the then-Chief Minister, Norman Saunders, and a member of his cabinet were forced to resign and ministerial government in the territory was suspended. He was a member of the National Democratic Alliance.
Ministerial government resumed after elections were held in early 1988.
References
Living people
Turks and Caicos Islands politicians
Year of birth missing (living people) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emmanuel%20Misick |
Clement Howell (December 10, 1935 – August 2, 1987) was a politician from the Turks and Caicos Islands. He served on a four-member interim advisory council beginning in July 1986, after two previous chief ministers were forced to resign and the ministerial government in the territory was suspended.
The Ministerial government resumed after elections were held in early 1988.
Early life
Clement Howell was born on 10 December 1935 in Blue Hills, Providenciales, Turks and Caicos Islands to Edgar Cornelius Howell and Christiana Howell née Rigby. He was the last of six children who lived to see their adulthood.
Clement attended the Blue Hills All Age school (now the Oseta Jolly Primary) and later went on to the Turks and Caicos High School on Grand Turk (now the HJ Robinson High School). During his young adult years, he served as secretary to the District Board for Providenciales and at one point also served as chairman of the board. These areas of service to his community placed him in good a good position to become a district constable. Also, his success at high school made him a prime candidate for a post as a teacher at the Five Cays All Age School and later at the Blue Hills All Age school, where he was once a student.
Marriage & Family
Howell met and married the former Ellen Amelia Jolly. She had relocated to Providenciales, when her mother, Oseta Jolly was transferred there to work as the headteacher for the Blue Hills All Age school. Their wedding took place on January 6, 1957. They had nine children.
Life's Work
Clement Howell played a key role in the adjudication process which took place in 1967. He assisted with surveys and registrations and helped many of the residents of Providenciales acquire proper paperwork for their estates. From 1969 to 1970 he was successful at gaining a scholarship to pursue studies at Moray House College of Education in Edinburgh, Scotland where he read for a diploma in Primary School Administration. After completing his studies, he was appointed as headteacher of the Blue Hills Primary School and continued in this post until he was transferred to the District Administration Department as District Commissioner for Providenciales in 1976. With the advent of Ministerial Government in the Turks and Caicos Islands came the demand for permanent secretaries to each of the ministries that were allowed for in the 1976 constitution. In August 1979 Clement Howell was appointed as a Permanent Secretary to the minister responsible for education, health, and welfare. In May 1980, after the death of the country's first chief minister, Howell was transferred to the post of Permanent Secretary to the country's second Chief Minister, Oswald O. Skippings. In November 1980, the People's Democratic Movement (PDM) lost their bid for reelection to the Progressive National Party (PNP) and Howell was re-appointed as headteacher of the Blue Hills Primary School by the PNP administration.
In 1984 Howell resigned his post as headteacher and joined the political arena, where he announced his candidacy to become the representative for Providenciales in the Legislative Council of the Turks and Caicos Islands. After the elections of 1984, he took the oath of office as a member of the Legislative Council for Providenciales and leader of the official opposition. He held both posts until the constitution was suspended in 1986. With the new arrangements for governing the territory, in the absence of ministerial government, Howell was among those selected to serve on an advisory council to the governor. Under pressure from members of his party, Howell later resigned as a member of the advisory council and by mid-1987, he was superseded as leader of the PDM by another of the party's loyalist.
Howell's sphere of influence also spanned his work at Bethany Baptist Church, where he worshipped. He served his church as a deacon and on Providenciales, as secretary of the Providenciales Baptist Association. His work also included a stint of service as secretary and then as president of the Turks and Caicos Islands Baptist Union. He represented his church and the Baptist family of churches at several conferences, including at regional and international events.
He was an outstanding member of the Kiwanis Club of Providenciales and held several memberships in other clubs and service-oriented organisations. A part of his life's work was to see a high school established on Providenciales to meet the educational/social needs of the young people and to put a stop to these young people having to leave home, travelling to Grand Turk, South & North Caicos or The Bahamas for high school education. During his time as a member of the Legislative Council for Providenciales, he worked tenaciously with members of the community and together, they accomplished their goal. The Providenciales High School opened its doors in September 1987.
Disappearance
Towards the end of July 1987, Howell travelled to Nassau, Bahamas to witness the wedding of one of his nephews. On Sunday, August 2, 1987, Howell, along with W. Livingston Swann - his brother-in-law, Martin Walkin, Stanley Gardiner, and pilot, Ken Gardiner, boarded a five-seater Piper Aztec with the call letters N622RH, en route for Providenciales. The plane never arrived and was presumed to have crashed into the sea, killing all on board. The US Coast Guard, BASRA and other local search operations were called off a few days later. Nothing was ever found of the aircraft or the people on board.
Honours
The Providenciales High School was renamed the Clement Howell High School in 1991 in recognition of the stalwart contribution Clement Howell made to the field of education in the Turks and Caicos Islands and in honour of his contribution to agitating for the building of the school.
During the PDM Convention of 2006 Mr. C. Howell was honoured for his contribution to the party and to the development of politics in the Turks and Caicos Islands.
While celebrating the 20th anniversary of the high school, the organisers unveiled a bust of Clement Howell near the entrance of the school and published a commemorative magazine featuring his life and work.
See also
List of people who disappeared mysteriously at sea
References
External links
Clement Howell High School website
1935 births
1980s missing person cases
1987 deaths
Missing air passengers
Missing people
Missing person cases in The Bahamas
People lost at sea
Turks and Caicos Islands politicians
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in 1987
Victims of aviation accidents or incidents in the Bahamas | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clement%20Howell |
Colin Ronald Michael Atkinson (23 July 1931 – 25 June 1991) was an English first-class cricketer, schoolmaster and the headmaster of Millfield School.
Education
Born at Thornaby, Yorkshire, Atkinson was educated at St. Mary's Grammar School, Hummersknott, Darlington and later at Durham University, where he studied history, Latin, and English. After graduation Atkinson took a postgraduate Certificate in education at Loughborough College and an external degree in education at Queen's University Belfast and another in psychology back at Durham.
After university he was, in the 1950s, commissioned into the Royal Northumberland Fusiliers, serving in Ireland and Kenya.
Before joining the staff at Millfield in 1960, he had taught at both Great Ayton and at Darlington. Atkinson was appointed Headmaster at Millfield in 1971 upon the retirement of the school's founder RJO Meyer. He was awarded a CBE for his work in education in 1989. During his time as Millfield headmaster, he acquired a nickname that he did not like of "Colin the builder". He retired in 1990. Atkinson was married to Shirley and they had three children: David, Sally and Jonny, himself a first-class cricketer.
Cricket
As a cricketer, Atkinson was a right-handed middle-order batsman and a right-arm leg-break bowler. While an undergraduate and postgraduate (and during his National Service), he played from 1951 to 1958 for Northumberland in the Minor Counties as a professional. In 1959 he switched to Durham, then also a Minor County, and appeared for the Minor Counties representative side in the first-class match against the Indian touring side, his first first-class appearance.
Having joined the staff at Millfield, he was approached to join Somerset for the 1960 season, the new captain at Somerset that season being, like Atkinson, a Teessider, Harold Stephenson. In 1960, Atkinson appeared only in the school holidays, and achieved little with the bat, though he took his first five-wicket haul, five for 56, against Kent on the spin-friendly pitch at Clarence Park, Weston-super-Mare. Wisden pronounced that he was "a valuable acquisition".
In the following two seasons, released from his school duties for the summer terms, he played almost all matches for Somerset, making useful runs in the lower middle order and taking rather expensive wickets: his bowling average in both seasons was comfortably over 30 runs per wicket. He was awarded his county cap in 1961 and made his first half-centuries in 1962. His seven wickets for 54 runs against Gloucestershire at the County Ground, Taunton in 1962 remained his best bowling performance.
But in 1963, with arthritis affecting his spinning and his schoolmastering duties increasing, he played only twice and in 1964 not at all. Then, at the end of the 1964 season, Stephenson, who had been injured for most of it, stepped down from the Somerset captaincy. Bill Alley, rumbustious Australian all-rounder, who had deputised as captain in Stephenson's absence in 1964, was not seen as a long-term captain, and Atkinson was released from school duties to take the job for 1965. He was an instant success: Somerset led the County Championship table in June 1965, an unaccustomed position, and though Atkinson's batting was unreliable – he averaged less than 15 runs per innings for the season – and his spin bowling days were over, he developed as a tight medium-paced bowler, taking 38 wickets at under 24 runs apiece and complementing Somerset's pace attack of Fred Rumsey and Ken Palmer.
Somerset finished seventh in 1965, and third in 1966, equalling their then highest-ever placing in the Championship. In 1966, Atkinson's bowling fell away, but he advanced as a batsman, making 1120 runs in all matches, though without a century. Somerset won more games than in any other season, 13, and also reached the semi-final of the knock-out competition. It was, said Wisden, "their most successful season".
1967 was Atkinson's final season as a player. His batting fell away, though he got closer than ever before to the elusive century, with 97 against Warwickshire at Edgbaston in late August. His final duty was to lead Somerset in the Gillette Cup knock-out final at Lord's, but the game was a disappointment, and Kent won the match.
Having retired from playing, Atkinson remained influential as a cricket administrator inside the Somerset club. He was club chairman when the county finally won its first trophies in 1979 and, less happily, he was president during the period when Viv Richards, Joel Garner and Ian Botham were leaving the club in some acrimony. As at Millfield, Atkinson was responsible for a lot of building work at the Taunton ground, where he supervised the construction of the new pavilion. Atkinson died on 25 June 1991 at Glastonbury, Somerset, aged 59.
Publication
"Experiment in closed-circuit television at Millfield School" – with Peter Turner. 1971 – Published by the National Committee for Audio-Visual Aids in Education.
See also
Somerset County Cricket Club
Millfield
References
External links
Somerset Cricket Club
English cricketers
Headmasters of Millfield
Somerset cricket captains
Commanders of the Order of the British Empire
1991 deaths
1931 births
Royal Northumberland Fusiliers officers
Alumni of Loughborough University
Alumni of Queen's University Belfast
Durham cricketers
Minor Counties cricketers
Somerset County Cricket Club presidents
Northumberland cricketers
People educated at Hummersknott Academy
Schoolteachers from Yorkshire
Alumni of King's College, Newcastle
Schoolteachers from Somerset
People from Thornaby-on-Tees | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colin%20Atkinson |
1994–95 Major League Baseball strike
The following Major League Baseball players appeared as strikebreakers during spring training in 1995, crossing picket lines during the 1994–95 Major League Baseball strike. Some had not yet been placed on a 40-man roster, and as such were not eligible to join the MLBPA at the time of the strike, while others were former MLB players who had retired before the strike. The list does not include replacement players who never appeared in regular-season MLB games.
Certain players who were part of World Series-winning teams were not permitted to have their names or likenesses on commemorative merchandise because they had been declared replacement players for having participated in the 1995 spring training. The players were Shane Spencer of the 1998, 1999 and 2000 New York Yankees, Damian Miller of the 2001 Arizona Diamondbacks, Brendan Donnelly of the 2002 Anaheim Angels, and Brian Daubach and Kevin Millar of the 2004 Boston Red Sox.
The names or likenesses of replacement players, since they are not permitted to join the MLBPA, are also in some cases not included in merchandise which derives its license from the MLBPA, such as video and tabletop games. Many games nevertheless include them, with blank or fictional names and different appearances similar to how Jon Dowd was used to replace Barry Bonds in MVP Baseball 2005 after he left the MLBPA in 2003.
Replacement players
No MLB experience before strike
Joel Adamson
Benny Agbayani
Rudy Árias
Tony Barron
Steve Bourgeois
Doug Brady
Mike Busch
Edgar Caceres
Bubba Carpenter
Joel Chimelis
Alan Cockrell
Joe Crawford
Brian Daubach
Brendan Donnelly
Angel Echevarria
Charles Gipson
Brian Givens
Scarborough Green
Dave Hajek
Jason Hardtke
Pep Harris
Matt Herges
Matt Howard
Chris Latham
Cory Lidle
Kerry Ligtenberg
Rich Loiselle
Eric Ludwick
Bobby Magallanes
Ron Mahay
Tom Martin
Dan Masteller
Jamie McAndrew
Walt McKeel
Frank Menechino
Lou Merloni
Kevin Millar
Damian Miller
Eddie Oropesa
Keith Osik
Bronswell Patrick
Dale Polley
Alex Ramirez
Ron Rightnowar
Mandy Romero
Pete Rose Jr.
Chuck Smith
Shane Spencer
Joe Strong
Pedro Swann
Jeff Tam
Chris Truby
Jamie Walker
Chimelis was briefly called up by the San Francisco Giants in June 1995, but never appeared in an MLB game, making him a phantom ballplayer.
Had MLB experience before strike
Shawn Abner
Jay Aldrich
Scott Anderson
Bob Ayrault
Mark Bailey
Bill Bates
Blaine Beatty
Kevin Belcher
Mike Bell
Terry Blocker
Pedro Borbón
Oil Can Boyd
Mike Christopher
Doug Corbett
Henry Cotto
Luis DeLeón
Gary Eave
Frank Eufemia
Steve Fireovid
Curt Ford
Jeff Grotewold
Guillermo Hernández
Kevin Hickey
Mark Huismann
Stan Jefferson
Steve Kiefer
Brent Knackert
Terry Lee
Bill Lindsey
Mitch Lyden
Lonnie Maclin
Rob Mallicoat
Greg Mathews
Craig McMurtry
José Mota
Ken Oberkfell
Junior Ortiz
Dave Pavlas
Pat Perry
Lenny Randle
Rick Reed
Nikco Riesgo
Dave Rohde
Wayne Rosenthal
Rich Sauveur
Jeff Schulz
Nelson Simmons
Doug Sisk
Joe Slusarski
Daryl Smith
Greg Smith
Ray Soff
Matt Stark
Bob Stoddard
Phil Stephenson
Glenn Sutko
Lou Thornton
Dave Von Ohlen
Dana Williams
Robbie Wine
Eric Yelding
1912 Detroit Tigers strike
On May 15, 1912, Detroit Tigers star Ty Cobb went into the stands and assaulted a fan who had been heckling him. Cobb was suspended by American League President Ban Johnson. The other Tigers refused to play unless Cobb was reinstated. Johnson threatened Tigers owner Frank Navin with a stiff fine if he did not field a team. So Manager Hughie Jennings quickly recruited a pickup team of sandlot players, semi-pro players, and college baseball students.
This replacement team played one game, on May 18, 1912, after which the Tigers players relented and returned to play future games (under threat of lifetime banishment).
The following players appeared in the May 18, 1912 game, which the Tigers lost to the Philadelphia Athletics, 24–2.
Ed Irwin
Hughie Jennings
Bill Leinhauser
Billy Maharg
Vincent Maney
Jim McGarr
Dan McGarvey
Deacon McGuire
Jack Smith
Joe Sugden
Allan Travers
Hap Ward
Joe Sugden and Deacon McGuire were Tigers coaches who had had long baseball careers. This game was their last major league appearance. Hughie Jennings was the Tigers manager; he also had had a long career and was later elected to the Baseball Hall of Fame. Jennings appeared as pinch hitter in the ninth inning.
None of the other players ever appeared in another major league game before or after, except for Billy Maharg, who appeared in one other game as a courtesy in the last game of the 1916 season. Maharg was later deeply involved in the Black Sox Scandal. Jack Smith played two innings in the field, but had no plate appearances and consequently no batting average. Ed Irwin was the only recruit to have a hit (the Tigers coaches each had one). Irwin had two triples, and so retired with a major league batting average of .667 and slugging average of 2.000. Allan Travers's 24 runs allowed is still the American League record for a complete game.
Arthur "Bugs" Baer, who later went on to become a noted journalist and humorist, was a member of the team, recruited as a backup bench player. He did not appear in the game.
References
Lists of Major League Baseball players
1994 Major League Baseball season
1995 Major League Baseball season | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Major%20League%20Baseball%20replacement%20players |
Bruno Bernard Heim (5 March 1911 – 18 March 2003) was a Swiss prelate and Latin Titular Archbishop of Xanthus, a long-serving diplomat of the Holy See who among other appointments was Apostolic Delegate to Great Britain, and later Apostolic Pro-Nuncio, and eventually Apostolic Nuncio, serving until his retirement as a diplomat in 1985.
Heim was also one of the most prominent armorists of twentieth century ecclesiastical heraldry. He published five books on heraldry and was responsible for designing the coats of arms of four popes.
He was also Grand Prior of the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George.
Biography
Early life
Bruno Bernard Heim was born in Olten, Switzerland, the son of a stationmaster, Bernard, and his wife, Elisabeth Heim-Studer. His artistic talent was evident at an early age. He was introduced to heraldry at the age of 16 when a college professor persuaded him to illustrate a book the professor was writing. Thus began a lifelong interest in the subject.
Education
In 1934 Heim was awarded a doctorate in philosophy at the Pontifico Collegio Internazionale Angelicum in Rome, and went on to study theology in Rome, at Freiburg University and at Solothurn, Switzerland.
He was ordained a priest in 1938 and worked as a curate in two Swiss parishes. In 1942 he returned to Rome to study at the Pontifical Ecclesiastical Academy, later returning to Switzerland. In 1946 he was awarded a doctorate in canon law from the Gregorian University.
Diplomacy
Heim's diplomatic career began in January 1947, when he was assigned to the Apostolic Nunciature in Paris to become personal secretary to Archbishop Angelo Roncalli, the future Pope John XXIII. Heim stayed in Paris for four years, during which time the two of them laid the foundations for a renaissance of heraldry in the Roman Catholic Church.
Heim was next sent to the Vienna Nunciature in 1951. When he was made Apostolic Delegate to Scandinavia in 1961, he was also consecrated titular archbishop of Xanthus, a defunct see. When asked where Xanthus was, Heim would jokingly reply: "Most of it is now in the British Museum". In 1966 he was appointed Pro-Nuncio to Finland, and in 1969, Pro-Nuncio to Egypt.
In 1973 he became apostolic delegate to Great Britain. He was known as a personal friend of the Queen Mother, and he liked to gossip with journalists. In 1976 he persuaded the Vatican to appoint Basil Hume as Archbishop of Westminster. When Pope John Paul II visited Great Britain in 1982, the United Kingdom and the Vatican had established full diplomatic relations, and Heim became the Apostolic Pro-Nuncio, the Vatican's first fully-fledged ambassador to the Court of St. James's since the Reformation. When he retired as a diplomat in 1985, The Times referred to him as "tact personified".
Heraldry
When Heim was sent to Vienna in 1951 he maintained close contact with Archbishop Roncalli, who commissioned him to design his new coat of arms as Patriarch of Venice. When Roncalli was elected Pope in 1958, he asked Heim to design his personal papal coat of arms. The new Pope asked Heim to be the head of a new heraldic secretary in the Vatican but Heim not only declined, but also advised against such an authority. It would, in his eyes, have been stifling the artistry that is a great part of the attraction of heraldry.
Although possibly considered a "maverick" by English heraldry standards, he was in time responsible for the designs of the coat of arms of four popes, from Pope John XXIII to Pope John Paul II. In 1978, he had written in Heraldry in the Catholic Church that letters of the alphabet should be avoided as heraldic charges, but supported the letter M in John Paul II's coat of arms because Polish heraldry has "frequent inclusion of letters". After he retired from diplomacy in 1985, he wrote Or et Argent (1994), wherein he examined the heraldic rule of tincture, presenting more than 300 coats of arms where the rule had been broken.
Archbishop Heim served as patron of Cambridge University Heraldic and Genealogical Society from 1980 until his death in 2003 at the age of 92 in Olten.
Publications
Heim, Bruno Bernard. Wappenbrauch und Wappenrecht in der Kirche. Walter AG, Olten 1947.
Heim, Bruno Bernard. Coutumes et Droit Héraldiques de l'Eglise. Beauchesne, Paris 1949, new edition 2012 ().
Heim, Bruno Bernard. Armorial: Armorial Liber Amicorum. Gerrards Cross, UK: Van Duren, 1981 ().
Heim, Bruno Bernard. Heraldry in the Catholic Church: Its Origins, Customs, and Laws, New Jersey: Humanities Press Inc, 1978 ().
Heim, Bruno Bernard. Or and Argent, Gerrards Cross, Buckinghamshire, England, UK, Van Duren, 1994 ().
Distinctions
House of Bourbon-Two Sicilies: Grand Prior of the Sacred Military Constantinian Order of Saint George
References
References
Works cited
External links
1911 births
2003 deaths
Ecclesiastical heraldry
Heraldic artists
20th-century Swiss Roman Catholic priests
Participants in the Second Vatican Council
Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas alumni
Apostolic Nuncios to Great Britain
Apostolic Nuncios to Egypt
Catholic heraldry
Grand Crosses 1st class of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bruno%20Heim |
The Archaic Triad is a hypothetical divine triad, consisting of the three allegedly original deities worshipped on the Capitoline Hill in Rome: Jupiter, Mars and Quirinus. This structure was no longer clearly detectable in later times, and only traces of it have been identified from various literary sources and other testimonies. Many scholars dispute the validity of this identification.
Description
Georg Wissowa, in his manual of the Roman religion, identified the structure as a triad on the grounds of the existence in Rome of the three flamines maiores, who carry out service to these three gods. He remarked that this triadic structure looks to be predominant in many sacred formulae which go back to the most ancient period and noted its pivotal role in determining the ordo sacerdotum, the hierarchy of dignity of Roman priests: Rex Sacrorum, Flamen Dialis, Flamen Martialis, Flamen Quirinalis and Pontifex Maximus in order of decreasing dignity and importance. He remarked that since such an order no longer reflected the real influence and relationships of power among priests in the later times, it should have reflected a hierarchy of the earliest phase of Roman religion.
Wissowa identified the presence of such a triad also in the Umbrian ritual of Iguvium where only Iove, Marte and Vofionus are granted the epithet of Grabovius and the fact that in Rome the three flamines maiores are all involved in a peculiar way in the cult of goddess Fides.
However Wissowa did not pursue further the analysis of the meaning and function of the structure (which he called Göttersystem) he had identified.
Dumézil's analysis
Georges Dumézil in various works, particularly in his Archaic Roman Religion advanced the hypothesis that this triadic structure was a relic of a common Proto-Indo-European religion, based on a trifunctional ideology modelled on the division of that archaic society. The highest deity would thus be a heavenly sovereign endowed with religious, magic and legal powers and prerogatives (connected and related to the king and to priestly sacral lore in human society), followed in order of dignity by the deity representing braveness and military prowess (connected and related to a class of warriors) and lastly a deity representing the common human worldly values of wealth, fertility, and pleasure (connected and related to a class of economic producers). According to the hypothesis, such a tripartite structure must have been common to all Indoeuropean peoples on accounts of its widespread traces in religion and myths from India to Scandinavia, and from Rome to Ireland. However it had disappeared from most societies since prehistoric times, with the notable exception of India.
In Vedic religion the sovereign function was incarnated by Dyaus Pita and later appeared split into its two aspects of uncanny and awe inspiring almighty power incarnated by Varuna and of source and guardian of justice and compacts incarnated by Mitra. Indra incarnated the military function and the twins Ashvins (or Nasatya) the function of production, wealth, fertility and pleasure. In human society the raja and the class of the brahmin priests represented the first function (and enjoyed the highest dignity), the warrior class of the kshatriya represented the second function and the artisan and merchant class of the vaishya the third.
Similarly in Rome Jupiter was the supreme ruler of the heavens and god of thunder, represented on earth by the rex, king (later the rex sacrorum) and his substitute, the Flamen Dialis, the legal aspect of sovereignty being incarnated also by Dius Fidius, Mars was the god of military prowess and a war deity, represented by his flamen Martialis; and Quirinus the enigmatic god of the Roman populus ("people") organised in the curiae as a civilian and productive force, represented by the Flamen Quirinalis.
Apart from the analysis of the texts already collected by Wissowa, Dumezil stressed the importance of the tripartite plan of the regia, the cultic centre of Rome and official residence of the rex. As recorded by sources and confirmed by archeological data it was devised to lodge the three major deities Iupiter, Mars, and Ops, the deity of agricultural plenty, in three separate rooms.
The cult of Fides involved the three Flamines Maiores: they were carried to the sacellum of the deity together in a covered carriage and officiated with their right hand wrapped up to the fingers in a piece of white cloth. The association with the deity that founded divine order (Fides is associated with Iupiter in his function of guardian of the supreme juridical order) underlines the mutual interconnections among them and of the gods they represented with the supreme heavenly order, whose arcane character was represented symbolically in the hidden character of the forms of the cult.
The spolia opima were dedicated by the person who had killed the king or chief of the enemy in battle. They were dedicated to Jupiter in case the Roman was a king or his equivalent (consul, dictator or tribunus militum consulari potestate), to Mars in case he was an officer and to Quirinus in case he was common soldier. The sacrificial animals too were in each case that of the respective deity, i. e. an ox to Jupiter, solitaurilia to Mars and a male lamb to Quirinus.
Furthermore, Dumézil analysed the cultural functions of the Flamen Quirinalis to better understand the characters of this deity. One important element was his officiating on the feriae of the Consualia aestiva ( of the Summer), which associated Quirinus to the cult of Consus and indirectly of Ops (Ops Consivia). Other feriae on which this flamen officiated were the Robigalia, the Quirinalia that Dumezil identifies with the last day of the Fornacalia, also named stultorum feriae because on that day the people who had forgot to roast their spelt on the day prescribed by the curio maximus for their own curia were given a last chance to make amends, and the Larentalia held in memory of Larunda. These religious duties show Quirinus was a civil god related to the agricultural cycle and somehow to the worship of Roman ancestry.
In Dumézil's view, the figure of Quirinus became blurred and started to be connected to the military sphere because of the early assimilation to him of the divinised Romulus, the warring founder and first king of Rome. A coincident facilitating factor of this interpretation was the circumstance that Romulus carried with himself the quality of twin and Quirinus had a correspondence in the theology of the divine twins such the Indian Ashvins and the Scandinavian Vani. The resulting interpretation was the mixed personality of the god as civil and military, warring and peaceful.
A detailed discussion of the sources is devoted by Dumézil to showing that they do not support the theory of an agrarian Mars. Mars would be invoked both in the Carmen Arvale and in Cato's prayer as the guardian, the armed protector of the fields and the harvest. He is definitely not a deity of agricultural plenty and fertility.
It is also noteworthy that according to tradition Romulus established the double role and duties, civil and military, of the Roman citizen. In this way the relationship between Mars and Quirinus became a dialectic one, since Romans would regularly pass from the warring condition to the civil one and vice versa. In the yearly cycle this passage is marked by the rites of the Salii, they themselves divided into two groups, one devoted to the cult of Mars (Salii Palatini, created by Numa) and the other of Quirinus (Salii Collini, created by Tullus Hostilius).
In Dumézil's view, the archaic triad was not strictly speaking a triad, but rather a structure underlying the earliest religious thought of the Romans, a reflection of the common Indoeuropean heritage.
This grouping has been interpreted as a symbolic representation of early Roman society, wherein Jupiter, standing in for the ritual and augural authority of the Flamen Dialis (high priest of Jupiter) and the chief priestly colleges, represents the priestly class, Mars, with his warrior and agricultural functions, represents the power of the king and young nobles to bring prosperity and victory through sympathetic magic with rituals like the October Horse and the Lupercalia, and Quirinus, with his source as the deified form of Rome's founder Romulus and his derivation from co-viri ("men together") representing the combined military and economic strength of the Roman people.
According to his trifunctional hypothesis, this division symbolizes the overarching societal classes of "priest" (Jupiter), "warrior" (Mars) and "farmer" or "civilian" (Quirinus). Though both Mars and Quirinus each had militaristic and agricultural aspects, leading later scholars to frequently equate the two despite their clear distinction in ancient Roman writings, Dumézil argued that Mars represented the Roman gentry in their service as soldiers, while Quirinus represented them in their civilian activities. Although such a distinction is implied in a few Roman passages, such as when Julius Caesar scornfully calls his soldiers quirites ("citizens") rather than milites ("soldiers"), the word quirites had by this time been dissociated from the god Quirinus, and it is likely that Quirinus initially had an even more militaristic aspect than Mars, but that over time Mars, in part through synthesis with the Greek god Ares, became more warlike, while Quirinus became more domestic in connotation. Resolving these inconsistencies and complications is difficult, chiefly because of the ambiguous and obscure nature of Quirinus' cult and worship; while Mars and Jupiter remained the most popular of all Roman gods, Quirinus was a more archaic and opaque deity, diminishing in importance over time.
References
Ancient Roman religion
Umbri | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archaic%20Triad |
KGMC (channel 43) is a television station licensed to Merced, California, United States, serving the Fresno area as an affiliate of the Spanish-language network Estrella TV. It is the flagship television property of owner Cocola Broadcasting, and is sister to eight low-power stations. KGMC's studios are located on West Herndon Avenue in the Pinedale area of Fresno, and its transmitter is located on Bald Mountain, south of Meadow Lakes in Fresno County.
A live simulcast of some of KGMC's non-network programming can be seen on the Cocola Broadcasting homepage.
History
Early years
The UHF channel 43 allocation in the Fresno market was originally licensed to KICU-TV. Operating as an independent station, the station signed on the air on December 23, 1961, five days after Fresno's first independent station, KAIL (channel 53, now a MyNetworkTV affiliate on channel 7) took to the air. KICU carried a mix of movies and other independent fare. Toward the end of its run, KICU also picked up some NBC programs that were not cleared to air by that network's Fresno affiliate, KMJ-TV (channel 24, now KSEE-TV). The station ceased operations in 1968; the KICU-TV call letters are now used by an independent station in San Jose.
1990s–present
KGMC first signed on the air on September 11, 1992, as KSDI; the station was originally an affiliate of the viewer-request music video network The Box. That December, the station changed its call letters to KGMC (the calls were previously used by KOCB in Oklahoma City, Oklahoma from 1979 to 1989).
In January 1995, the station entered into a local marketing agreement with Pappas Telecasting Companies, owner of Fox affiliate KMPH-TV (channel 26). Pappas programmed the station from 7:00 to 9:00 a.m. and again from 3:00 to 11:00 p.m. daily, airing a blend of cartoons, classic sitcoms and older movies. On January 11 of that year, the station became a charter affiliate of The WB. KGMC continued to run religious programs, paid programming, and home shopping programs during time periods that were not programmed by Pappas.
In 1997, KGMC terminated the LMA with Pappas, switching full-time to a format of infomercials and religious programs. Pappas then moved the WB affiliation first to KMPH on a secondary basis, and later to KNSO (channel 51) in 1998 and finally to KFRE-TV (channel 59) in 2001, where the network remained until The WB ceased operations in September 2006 and was replaced by The CW. In the meantime, KGMC would join home shopping network America's Store in 1998; after America's Store was shut down by HSN in 2007, KGMC switched its programming to Jewelry Television. KGMC had been the only full-power independent television station in the Fresno market, until August 1, 2012, when it became an affiliate of the Spanish-language network MundoFox. On December 1, 2016, with the demise of MundoMax, KGMC switched to Liberman Broadcasting's Estrella TV network.
On February 27, 2020, Cocola agreed to transfer the license assets of KGMC to NBCUniversal's Telemundo Station Group in exchange for acquiring the KNSO license. The sale was completed on September 1. Upon completion of the transfer in which the callsigns were also swapped, KGMC now operates on VHF channel 11, while KNSO operates on UHF channel 27.
Technical information
Subchannels
The station's digital signal is multiplexed:
Analog-to-digital conversion
KGMC shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 43, on June 12, 2009, the official date on which full-power television stations in the United States transitioned from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate. The station's digital signal was relocated from its pre-transition UHF channel 44 to channel 43.
Spectrum auction repack
KGMC was one of nearly 1,000 television stations that were required to change their digital channel allocation in the upcoming spectrum auction repack in early 2018. KGMC reallocated its digital signal to UHF channel 27 in phase one of the auction.
References
External links
Website of parent company Cocola Broadcasting
GMC (TV)
Television channels and stations established in 1992
1992 establishments in California
Merced, California
Estrella TV affiliates
Antenna TV affiliates
MeTV affiliates
Cozi TV affiliates
Laff (TV network) affiliates
GMC (TV) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/KGMC%20%28TV%29 |
Cape Cod is a peninsula in southeastern Massachusetts.
Cape Cod may also refer to:
Cape Cod (house), an architectural style, originating in New England in the 17th century
Cape Cod style, an 1800s lighthouse design once typical of Cape Cod that today only exists on the U.S. West Coast
Cape Cod National Seashore, a federally protected seashore in Massachusetts
"Old Cape Cod", a 1957 song popularized by Patti Page
Cape Codder (cocktail), an alcoholic beverage
Cape Cod Potato Chips, an American potato chip brand
See also
Cape Codder (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cape%20Cod%20%28disambiguation%29 |
M. Krishnan Nair (3 March 1923 – 23 February 2006) was an Indian academic, orator, literary journalist and literary critic of Malayalam literature. He was known for his Sahitya Varaphalam, a weekly column he wrote first in Malayalanadu weekly, later in Kalakaumudi and finally in Samakalika Malayalam Vaarika, which introduced world literature to Malayalam readers. He also published several books, including Saundaryathinte Sannidhanathil, Adhunika Malayala Kavitha and Vayanakkara, Ningal Jeevichirikkunno?. He was a recipient of the Kerala Sahitya Akademi Award for Overall Contributions and the B. D. Goenka Award for excellence in literary journalism.
Biography
Krishnan Nair was born in Thiruvananthapuram, the capital city of the south Indian state of Kerala on March 3, 1923 to V. K. Madhavan Pillai and Sarada Amma. He had his school education at Travancore and after graduating with honours from
the University College, Thiruvananthapuram in 1945, he joined the government service to serve as a clerk at the Kerala Government Secretariat for the next five years. He resigned from government service in 1950 to join the Government Sanskrit College, Thiruvananthapuram as a lecturer and was transferred to his alma mater, the University College, Thiruvananthapuram in 1969. Later, he served the Government Arts College, Thiruvananthapuram and Victoria College, Palakkad before moving to Maharaja's College, Ernakulam where he served as the head of the department of Malayalam and retired from academic service in 1978 holding the position of a first grade professor.
Nair, a hospitable person to those who knew him, died on February 23, 2006, at the age of 82, at a hospital in Thiruvananthapuram, succumbing to cardiac failure following pneumonia.
Literary career
Krishnan Nair was known to have been introduced into the world of literature by his father by reading the works of Kunchan Nambiar to him when he was a boy. He was also made to write commentaries on the books he was made to read. His first published work was an article tilted Vimarshanam (Criticism) which appeared in Navajeevan weekly run by C. V. Kunhiraman, a social reformer and journalist who would later found Kerala Kaumudi. His first book, Adunika Malayala Kavitha (Modern Malayalam Poetry), published by P. K. Brothers, was the compilation of the articles he wrote in Kaumudi during his days at the Government Sanskrit College, Thiruvananthapuram. He also published several books, such as 'Adhunika Malayala Kavitha, M. Krishna Nairude Prabhandangal and Prathibhayude Jwalagni.
Sahithya Varaphalam
Krishnan Nair is best known as the critic who, after Kesari Balakrishna Pillai, introduced world literature to Malayali reader and his weekly column Sahithya Vaaraphalam, ran for 35 years. He started writing the column in Malayalanadu weekly in 1969 and it ran for a number of years before moving to Kalakaumudi weekly when Malayalanadu closed down and finally to Samakalika Malayalam Vaarika where it stayed until his death in 2006. Though his column was criticised for its alleged superficiality, the column helped a very large section of readers of Kerala to the world of literature from the Latin America, Europe, Africa and Asia. His critique of works by Malayalam authors were said to be impartial irrespective of whether the writer was a novice or an established one; he also used the column to comment upon the society. Nair, himself, did not consider the column as literary criticism, but preferred to call it literary journalism. Sahithya Vaaraphalam'' has since been compiled as a book and is also available online.
Awards and honours
When the B. D. Goenka Award was instituted in 1979, Krishnan Nair was selected for the honour for excellence in literary journalism. Kerala Sahitya Akademi awarded him their annual honour for overall contributions to him 2000.
Books by M.Krishnan Nair
Edited works
References
External links
Writers from Thiruvananthapuram
Malayalam literary critics
Academic staff of the University College Thiruvananthapuram
1923 births
2006 deaths
Academic staff of Maharaja's College, Ernakulam
Indian literary critics
Malayalam-language writers
University College Thiruvananthapuram alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/M.%20Krishnan%20Nair%20%28author%29 |
Kid Confucius were an eight-piece Australian band from Sydney, Australia. They formed in 2001 and have since played well over 400 live shows around the country, including major festivals as well as their own headline shows at venues such as The Annandale Hotel and The Metro Theatre. In 2005 the band released a self-titled album and two singles "Words" and "Skintight." The album, a mish-mash of soul, hip-hop, pop and funk, received great critical acclaim, most notably from Rolling Stone who hailed the album as one of the standout local releases of the year. "Words" also enjoyed some solid months of radio and TV play. The band released its second album Stripes in 2007 with three singles "Closer", "Last Straw" and "Moment". Stripes was the band's attempt at making a Detroit-era Motown soul album and it was quick to earn rave reviews from press around the country as well as a publishing deal with Mushroom. "Moment" has enjoyed good radio play on triple j. Kid Confucius is set to release its third album in October 2008. The first single from this album, "Good Luck", is out now.
Kid C has also gained a stellar live reputation with many sold out appearances at various Sydney venues. The band has been touring nationally since 2004 as well as performing at big festivals such as Splendour in the Grass, Homebake, The Great Escape, Groovin' The Moo, Festival Of The Sun and more.
Taking a break from touring in early 2008, the band set its sights on writing and recording a new album - its third in as many years. The new album marks a dramatic and radical shift in style and sound for the band. With newfound influences such as Kings Of Leon, The Strokes, Phoenix and The Beatles meeting older influences such as Marvin Gaye and Otis Redding, the new Kid Confucius is more of a live garage soul experience.
Band Split
On 29 March 2010, Kid Confucius announced on their website that they would be splitting. They advised it was an amicable split and that they were going to pursue other musical projects.
Sound and influences
Kid Confucius draws an eclectic mix of old soul from Curtis Mayfield, Marvin Gaye, Stevie Wonder, Sly & The Family Stone and Otis Redding, pop from The Beatles and The Beach Boys to the Neptunes, and rock from groups such as Kings Of Leon, The Strokes, Phoenix and The Rolling Stones. The band's older sound also nods to great hip-hop and new soul makers such as The Roots, Common and D'Angelo.
Line up
The band's line up is as follows:
Lead Vocals
Rob Hezkial
Backup Vocals, Rhythm Guitar
Andrew Guirguis
Lead Guitar
James Manson
drums
Bart Denaro
Bass
Nathan Murray
Trombone
Benn Chapman
Tenor Saxophone
James Blaxland
Alto Saxophone, Flute
Michael Lion
Discography
Albums
Kid Confucius, 2005
Stripes, 2007
The Let Go, 2008
Singles
Words, 2005
Skintight, 2005
Last Straw, 2006
Closer, 2006
Moment, 2007
Good Luck, 2008
Charts and awards
Words, Triple J Net 50
Words filmclip was on most requested clips list on Channel V for over two months.
the album was featured as album of the week on FBi Radio and SBS Alchemy.
Skintight film clip won a high commendation in cinematography from the Australian Cinematographers Society in 2005.
Words nominated for a 2006 Urban Music Award.
Won title Best Urban Act at Australian Dance Music Awards in November 2006
Won title Best R&B Band at Australian Urban Music Awards in August 2007
See also
Australian hip hop
Soul music
Music of Australia
External links
Official website
Australian rock music groups | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kid%20Confucius |
Echinodorus bracteatus is a species of plants in the Alismataceae. It is native to Costa Rica, Nicaragua, Panama, Colombia and Ecuador.
Description
Leaves 20 – 80 cm long, long-petioled, blades cordate, at base lobate, at tip obtuse or shortly acuminate, 2/3 as broad as long, mostly about 30 cm, but sometimes more than 50 cm long. Pellucid markings in shape of points or short ovals, or absent.
Stem erect, 70 - 150 – 190 cm long, winged. Inflorescence paniculate, having usually 12 - 17 whorls. Bracts distinctly longer than the flowers, connate, 1.5 – 2 cm, exceptionally 6 cm long x 0.5 - 0.8 cm wide, having 25 - 30 ribs.
Flowers sessile or nearly so, having the pedicels only 1 – 2 mm long. Corolla white, usually 2.5 cm in diameter, stamens 20 - 24, anthers as long or broadly shorter as the filaments. Achenes claviform, short-beaked, with 4 - 5 facial ribs and usually 1 facial gland. Glands rarely 2 or absent.
Cultivation
One of the larger Amazon swords. Can grow too large for the average aquarium. Needs a large space, deep, rich substrate and plenty of light. According to reports, it flowers in the summer but doesn't set seed.
References
External links
in German but good photographs
herbarium specimen Guadeloupe
bracteatus
Flora of Costa Rica
Flora of Nicaragua
Flora of Panama
Flora of Colombia
Flora of Ecuador
Freshwater plants
Plants described in 1881 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echinodorus%20bracteatus |
The Bernardini MB-3 Tamoyo was a Brazilian main battle tank designed by Bernardini; however, it never reached production status and it never passed beyond the prototype stage (1983). It was followed by the EE-T1 Osório in 1984, the EE-T2 Osório in 1985, and the Tamoyo III in 1987. The tank was armed with a 90mm gun and carried 68 rounds of ammunition.
Based on the US M41 Bulldog, which Bernardini had been upgrading for the Brazilian Armed Forces to the M41B and C configurations (new Scania V-8 diesel engine, modified electrical system, addition of night sights and laser range finder, side skirts, additional spaced armour for the forward part of the hull, glacis plate and turret and replacement of the original 76 mm gun with a 90 mm one), the follow on MB-3 Tamoyo had a lengthened hull and an additional road wheel. Initially armed with a 90 mm rifled main gun manufactured in Brazil by Bernardini. The final model, the Tamoyo III was armed with a NATO 105 mm L7 rifled main gun.
References
External links
Tamoyo Specifications
Main battle tanks of the Cold War
Main battle tanks of Brazil | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernardini%20MB-3%20Tamoyo |
William Stewart Montgomery "Bud" Wilson (August 20, 1909 – November 15, 1964) was a Canadian figure skater. Competing in singles, he became the 1932 Olympic bronze medallist, the 1932 World silver medallist, a six-time North American champion, and a nine-time Canadian national champion.
Personal life
Wilson was born in Toronto in 1909. During World War II, he was a Major in the army artillery, earning the Bronze Star. He died in 1964 at the age of 55 from throat cancer.
Career
Wilson first entered the Canadian Championships in 1924 at the age of 13 and placed second. He would win nine senior national titles between 1929 and 1939. In 1932, he won the silver medal at the World Figure Skating Championships and the bronze medal at the Winter Olympics in singles.
Wilson also competed in pair skating with his sister Constance Wilson-Samuel. Together, they won numerous Canadian and North American championships.
Wilson turned professional in 1939 and began his teaching career in St. Paul, Minnesota, where he stayed until interrupted by World War II. Following his army service, he joined the Skating Club of Boston as the club's senior professional and director of its annual carnival, The Ice Chips. He coached the following skaters:
Dudley Richards, U.S. pair skating champion, World and Olympic competitor
Bradley Lord, U.S. men's singles champion and World competitor
Gregory Kelley, U.S. men's singles silver medallist and World competitor
Tina Noyes, U.S. national medallist, Olympic and World competitor
Wilson was inducted into the World Figure Skating Museum and Hall of Fame (1976), Skate Canada Hall of Fame (1990), Professional Skaters Association Coaches Hall of Fame (2003), and Canadian Olympic Hall of Fame (2007).
Results
Men's singles
Pairs with Wilson-Samuel
Fours
(with Dorothy Caley, Hazel Caley, and Ralph McCreath)
(with Constance Wilson-Samuel, Elizabeth Fisher, and Hubert Sprott)
References
1909 births
1964 deaths
Canadian male single skaters
Canadian male pair skaters
Figure skaters at the 1928 Winter Olympics
Figure skaters at the 1932 Winter Olympics
Figure skaters at the 1936 Winter Olympics
Olympic bronze medalists for Canada
Olympic figure skaters for Canada
Figure skaters from Toronto
Olympic medalists in figure skating
World Figure Skating Championships medalists
Medalists at the 1932 Winter Olympics
Canadian military personnel of World War II
20th-century Canadian people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montgomery%20Wilson |
Hegannahalli Narayana Shastry Ananth Kumar (22 July 1959 – 12 November 2018) was an Indian politician affiliated with Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). He was the Minister of Chemicals and Fertilizers, Parliamentary Affairs of India from 2014 until his death in 2018. Ananth Kumar was an MP from South Bangalore 6 times, Minister of Chemicals and fertilizers from 26 May 2014, and Parliamentary affairs from 2016. He was a member of the Parliament for over two decades, having been elected to the Lok Sabha, the lower house, from Bangalore South, from 1996 until his death. He also served as Minister for Civil Aviation, Tourism, Sports, Urban Development, and Poverty Alleviation.
Early life
Ananth Kumar was born in a middle-class Brahmin family at Bangalore, Sheshadripuram, Karnataka, and moved to Hubli in 1979. His father, H. N. Narayan Shastry, was employed with the Indian Railways. His family settled in Hubli in 1979–80. His mother Smt Girija Shastry was a social worker associated with the Bharatiya Jana Sangh. She served as the deputy mayor of the Hubli-Dharwad Municipal Corporation between 1985 and 1986. Kumar completed his matriculation in Lamington School and pre-university course in science PC Jabin College in Hubli. He earned bachelor's degree in arts from Kadasiddeshwar Arts College, affiliated to the Karnatak University, and in Laws from JSS Law college, both in Hubli.
Kumar joined the Rashtriya Swayamsevak Sangh (RSS) in 1973 and took part in the movement started by Jayaprakash Narayan the following year. He was jailed in the Hubli sub-jail for a period of over 40 days during the emergency.
Politics
Ananth Kumar was a member of RSS' student wing, the Akhil Bharatiya Vidyarthi Parishad (ABVP). He was elected as the State Secretary of the ABVP. He later became its National Secretary in 1985. In 1987, he joined BJP and was nominated as the State President of Bharatiya Janata Yuva Morcha. He was then made National Secretary of the party in 1996.
Ananth Kumar was elected from Bangalore South Lok Sabha constituency to the 11th Lok Sabha in 1996. He was re-elected and was inducted into the Second Vajpayee ministry. In 1999, he was re-elected to a third consecutive term and became a cabinet minister in the National Democratic Alliance government. He handled various ministries like Tourism, Sports & Youth Affairs, Culture, Urban Development and Poverty Alleviation.
Ananth Kumar became the President of the Karnataka state unit of BJP in 2003. It became the single largest party in the Legislative Assembly and won the majority number of Lok Sabha seats in 2004 in Karnataka. In 2004, he was appointed National General Secretary of the BJP.
On 26 May 2014, Kumar was appointed Minister of Chemicals and Fertilizers in the cabinet of the current Indian Prime Minister Narendra Modi. In the 2016 reshuffle, he was given the additional charge of Parliamentary Affairs.
Lok Sabha electoral performance
Governance
When Ananth Kumar was minister of Chemicals and fertilizers, he worked to reduce the prices of coronary stents that would help heart patients to an average benefit of close to a lakh. As the minister for chemicals and fertilizers, Kumar implemented 100% mandatory neem-coating of urea, in a move that was expected to save 6,500 crore annually in government subsidy or about 10,000 in total, by stopping diversion for industrial usage, apart from additional benefit of slowing the release of nitrogen, thus reducing the overall consumption.
Ananth Kumar mandated price reduction by 69% on Knee Implants- from 1.5 to 2.5 lakh to the new price of 54,500. Under his guidance, number of Jan Aushadhi Kendras increased to over 4300 all over India (as on 1 November 2018) from 89 in May 2014. He launched Suvidha – Bio-degradable & environment friendly sanitary pads at just 2.50 per piece from 5 June 2018, on the occasion of International women's day (8 Mar 2018).
He launched an initiative to revive 6 closed fertilizer plants with over 48,000 cr investment, along with coal and oil & natural gas ministry.
Ananth Kumar signed an agreement for an International airport in Bangalore and took steps to improve the facilities in the HAL airport as the civil aviation minister in the Vajpayee government.
Ananth Kumar formulated a transport policy in which cities with more than 10 lakh people would have metros. He had worked for the approval of the Bengaluru Metro project by the Vajpayee cabinet.
Ananth Kumar, Sushma Swaraj, M Venkaiah Naidu, Arun Jaitley were called "Delhi-4" or "D4" under the leadership of veteran L.K Advani, as they were based in Delhi and took care of various responsibilities in the party.
He played his part in passing the GST (Goods and Services Tax) bill in July 2017. When NDA did not have a sufficient majority, Shri Ananth Kumar had convinced the other legislators regarding the importance of GST (Goods and Services Tax) to launch the bill.
In 1998 Shri Ananth Kumar launched www.raktadan.org/ and www.ananth.org. He became the first Indian MP to launch his own website to serve his constituency.
He was known as the Delhi Face of Karnataka. Whenever representatives from Karnataka from any party came to him in Delhi, he would contact the concerned officials and do everything he could to resolve their issues.
Personal life
Social work
He along with his wife, Tejaswini, founded Adamya Chetana Foundation, a nonprofit organisation for social service. It was setup in 1998 in memory of Girija Shastry, mother of Ananth Kumar. It supports underprivileged children with food in schools through the Midday Meal Scheme. About 2,00,000 meals are served daily.
He launched the initiative Green Bangalore 1:1 as part of his larger initiative Sasyagraha, to achieve 1 tree per human ratio, from the current 7 humans per tree as against the ideal 7 trees per human per research by IISc. EcoChetana initiative was to promote GreenLifeStyle in the state of Karnataka.
As part of Sansad Adarsh Gram Yojana (SAGY) Ananth Kumar had adopted the Ragihalli village.
He introduced Arogya Chetana Mediclaim group insurance facility for schoolchildren inaugurated by Dr APJ Abdul Kalam.
Death
On 12 November 2018 he died due to pancreatic cancer and complications. He was survived by his wife, Tejaswini, and his two daughters, Aishwarya and Vijeta.
References
External links
Official biographical sketch in Parliament of India website
Official website of Ananth Kumar
Adamya Chetana Trust
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1959 births
2018 deaths
Bharatiya Janata Party politicians from Karnataka
Lok Sabha members from Karnataka
India MPs 1996–1997
India MPs 1998–1999
India MPs 1999–2004
India MPs 2004–2009
India MPs 2009–2014
India MPs 2014–2019
Politicians from Bangalore
Kannada people
Indian Hindus
Karnatak University alumni
Narendra Modi ministry
Deaths from cancer in India
Indians imprisoned during the Emergency (India)
Culture Ministers of India
Civil aviation ministers of India
Tourism ministers of India
Members of the Cabinet of India | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ananth%20Kumar |
Babine Lake Marine Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada. The park was established by Order-in-Council in 1993, comprising two sites at Pendleton Bay totalling . Another was established in the same year at Smithers Landing, comprising approximately . Three more sites were added in 2001, Hook (Deep) Bay, Pierre Creek, Pinkut Creek and Sandpoint. All sites combined comprise approximately .
Climate
Sites
Pendleton Bay sites - and
Smithers Landing site -.
Hook (Deep) Bay site -
Pierre Creek site -
Sandpoint site -
Pinkut Creek site -
References
Provincial parks of British Columbia
Bulkley Valley
1993 establishments in British Columbia
Protected areas established in 1993
Marine parks of Canada | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babine%20Lake%20Marine%20Provincial%20Park |
Babine Mountains Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, located to the east of the Bulkley River between the town of Smithers (SW) and Babine Lake (NE). Established by Order-in-Council as the Babine Mountains Recreation Area in 1984, it was upgraded to park status and its name changed in 1999. It contains approximately .
The park is home to black bears, ground squirrels, moose, marmot, and several species of birds. On occasion, grizzly bears, lynx, and wolverines have been sighted as well.
External links
Provincial parks of British Columbia
Bulkley Valley
1984 establishments in British Columbia
Protected areas established in 1984 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babine%20Mountains%20Provincial%20Park |
Babine River Corridor Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, located to the north of Hazelton. The park was established by Order-in-Council in 1999 and is approximately 15,339 hectares in area.
References
Provincial parks of British Columbia
Skeena Country
Protected areas established in 1999
1999 establishments in British Columbia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babine%20River%20Corridor%20Provincial%20Park |
Bamberton Provincial Park is a provincial park located in Mill Bay, British Columbia, Canada. The park area consists of a beach that borders on Saanich Inlet, and is connected to a camping area by several trails. The traditional name of the beach is qʷələs in the Saanich dialect. It shares its name with the now abandoned company town of Bamberton.
The park was established by Order-in-Council in 1960, with an area of approximately . It was reduced in size in 2004 to .
References
Provincial parks of British Columbia
Greater Victoria
Protected areas established in 1960
1960 establishments in British Columbia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bamberton%20Provincial%20Park |
Banana Island Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada. It is a small 10.4 hectare island in the South Thompson River, located approximately 35 kilometres east of Kamloops. There are no camping or recreational facilities, as it is an environmentally sensitive area. The island was designated as a provincial park on 30 April 1996 following recommendations from the Kamloops Land and Resource Management Plan to protect spring salmon spawning grounds and nesting grounds for several varieties of birds. It is used for nesting by Canada geese, Osprey and bald eagles, and other waterfowl and raptors. It is also a winter habitat for Tundra and Trumpeter swans. The island is vegetated with ponderosa pine and grassy undercover, and was historically used by the Neskonlith First Nation in accessing river resources.
References
External links
Provincial parks of British Columbia
Thompson Country
1996 establishments in British Columbia
Osoyoos Division Yale Land District | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banana%20Island%20Provincial%20Park |
In Ancient Greek rhetoric, a comma (κόμμα komma, plural κόμματα kommata) is a short clause, something less than a colon.
In the system of Aristophanes of Byzantium, commata were separated by middle interpuncts.
In antiquity, a comma was defined as a combination of words that has no more than eight syllables.
References
http://rhetoric.byu.edu/Figures/C/comma.htm Part of a glossary of classical rhetorical terms.
Bibliography
Bruce M. Metzger, Bart D. Ehrman, The Text of the New Testament. Its Transmission, Corruption, and Restoration, New York, Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2005, pp. 45–46.
Toivo Viljamaa, "Colon and comma: Dionysius of Halicarnassus on the sentence structure", pp. 163–178 in P. Swiggers, A. Wouters (eds.), Syntax in Antiquity , 2003
Rhetoric | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comma%20%28rhetoric%29 |
Warren Woessner (born 1944), poet and lawyer, studied creative writing with James McConkey and A. R. Ammons at Cornell University. He moved to Madison, Wisconsin, in 1966 and co-founded Abraxas Magazine with poet James Bertolino in 1968. He was also a founder of WORT-FM and hosted its poetry program. He received a Ph.D. in organic chemistry and a J.D. degree from the University of Wisconsin–Madison in 1971. His poetry has appeared in Poetry, Poetry Northwest, The Nation, Midwest Quarterly, CutBank, Poet Lore, and 5 A.M. Woessner's poetry and literary reviews have been published in The New York Times Book Review, American Book Review, Rain Taxi, and Midwest Review.
Poetry career
Woessner's books of poetry have been published by Ithaca House, New Rivers Press and The Toothpaste Press (now Coffee House Press), among others. In 2008, Backwaters Press published "Clear All the Rest of the Way." Woessner lived in New York City in the early 1980s, where he participated in poetry readings. He has received fellowships from the National Endowment for the Arts and the Wisconsin Arts Board. He was a Loft-McKnight Fellow in 1985 and won the Minnesota Voices Competition sponsored by New Rivers Press in 1986.
Biography
Warren Dexter Woessner was born on May 31, 1944, in New Brunswick, New Jersey, and grew up in a farm town in southern New Jersey. Woessner lives in Minneapolis, where he works as a biotechnology patent attorney.
After receiving his J.D., Woessner worker as an associate attorney for Kenyon & Kenyon in New York, and then at Merchant & Gould in Minneapolis, where he became a partner in 1989. In 1993, he left to form Schwegman Lundberg & Woessner (Minneapolis), which is one of the largest patent law firms in the country. His practice focuses on life sciences patent law, and he provides freedom to operate, due diligence and expert witness services to a wide variety of clients. He has served as Chair of both the Chemical Practice Committee and the Biotechnology Committee of the American Intellectual Property Association and is a Fellow of the Association. He is also a Certified Licensing Professional of the Licensing Executives Society and blogs on patent law issues.
Bibliography
The Forest and the Trees: Poems (Quixote Press, 1968)
The Rivers Return (Gunrunner Press, 1969)
Inroads: Poems (Madison, Wisconsin: Modine Gunch Press, 1970)
Cross-Country: Poems (Quest Publications, 1972)
Landing (Ithaca House, 1973)
Lost Highway (College of the Mainland, 1977)
No Hiding Place (Spoon River Poetry Press, 1979)
Storm Lines: A Collection of Poems (New Rivers Press, 1987)
Clear to Chukchi: Poems from Alaska (Poetry Harbor, 1995)
Iris Rising (BkMk Press, University of Missouri-Kansas City, 1998)
Chemistry, A Poem (Pudding House Publications, 2002)
Greatest Hits 1965-2000 (Columbus, Ohio: Pudding House Publications, 2003)
Our Hawk (The Toothpaste Press, 2005)
Clear All the Rest of the Way (The Backwaters Press, 2008)
References
Living people
1944 births
American male poets
Minnesota lawyers
Writers from New Brunswick, New Jersey
University of Wisconsin–Madison College of Letters and Science alumni
Intellectual property lawyers
American patent attorneys
University of Wisconsin Law School alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Warren%20Woessner |
Bear Creek Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada. It is situated on the west side of the Okanagan Lake and is northwest of the city of Kelowna. It was established on April 19, 1981, and was expanded to its current size of on May 12, 1988.
Facilities
The park features a beach that is over 400 meters long and hiking trails that loop around the creek and surrounding canyon. The area is also used extensively for camping.
References
External links
Provincial parks of British Columbia
Provincial parks in the Okanagan
1981 establishments in British Columbia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bear%20Creek%20Provincial%20Park |
Bear Glacier Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada. The park is in size and was established, effective 11 May 2000, by the Nisga'a Treaty, Appendix G-3.
The toe of Bear Glacier is visible from British Columbia Highway 37A roughly halfway between the Meziadin Junction and Stewart.
The glacier was part of the closing scene in the film "Insomnia" with Al Pacino.
References
External links
BC Parks website
Boundary Ranges
Provincial parks of British Columbia
Nisga'a
2000 establishments in British Columbia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bear%20Glacier%20Provincial%20Park |
Constance Wilson-Samuel (January 7, 1908 – February 28, 1953) was a Canadian figure skater, born in Toronto, Ontario. Competing in ladies' singles, she became the 1932 World bronze medallist, a four-time North American champion, and a nine-time Canadian national champion. She competed at three Olympics, placing sixth in 1928 and fourth in 1932.
Wilson-Samuel also competed in pair skating. With her brother Montgomery Wilson, she was a three-time North American champion and a five-time Canadian national champion. They placed fifth at the 1932 Olympics. She won silver in four skating at the 1933 North American Championships in partnership with her brother, Elizabeth Fisher, and Hubert Sprott.
Results
Ladies' singles
Pairs with Morson
Pairs with Wilson
Fours with Fisher, Wilson, and Sprott
References
1908 births
1963 deaths
Figure skaters from Toronto
Canadian female single skaters
Canadian female pair skaters
Figure skaters at the 1928 Winter Olympics
Figure skaters at the 1932 Winter Olympics
Figure skaters at the 1936 Winter Olympics
Olympic figure skaters for Canada
World Figure Skating Championships medalists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Constance%20Wilson-Samuel |
Bearhole Lake Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, 5 km east of the mining community of Tumbler Ridge, on the Alberta Plateau. Established in January 2001, the park includes 12,705 ha of land in the Boreal White and Black Spruce biogeoclimatic zones within the Kiskatinaw Plateau. It is transition zone with mixed wood forests including spruce, pine, and larch. Bearhole Lake, the headwaters of the Kiskatinaw River provides habitat for trumpeter swans, yellow perch, burbot, rainbow trout, and northern pike.
References
British Columbia. Ministry of Employment and Investment (March 1999). Dawson Creek Land & Resource Management Plan, p. 43.
Bearhole Lake Protected Area
External links
Peace River Country
Provincial parks of British Columbia
2001 establishments in British Columbia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bearhole%20Lake%20Provincial%20Park%20and%20Protected%20Area |
Beatton Provincial Park is a provincial park in the Peace River Country of northeastern British Columbia, Canada.
It is located on the Eastern shores of Charlie Lake approximately sixteen kilometers from Fort St John, BC. The 320 hectare provincial park offers facilities that include vehicle accessible camping, boat launch, drinking water, picnic area, pit toilets, playground and a large trail system. The provincial campground only operates between May and September, but the park trail system is open year-round.
The park's large trail network is maintained by the Whiskey Jack Nordic Ski Club and is used for cross-country skiing and snowshoeing in the winter and hiking in the summer. There are over 20 km of groomed cross-country ski trails designed for beginner, intermediate and advancing skiers and a toboggan hill located near the parking at the main gate.
See also
Beatton River Provincial Park
References
External links
Peace River Country
Provincial parks of British Columbia
Year of establishment missing | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beatton%20Provincial%20Park |
Beatton River Provincial Park is a provincial park in the Peace River Country of northeastern British Columbia, Canada.
See also
Beatton Provincial Park
Beatton River
External links
Peace River Country
Provincial parks of British Columbia
Year of establishment missing | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beatton%20River%20Provincial%20Park |
Beaumont Provincial Park is a provincial park located at the southeast end of Fraser Lake, between Fort Fraser and the town of Fraser Lake, British Columbia, approximately 40 km west of Vanderhoof, British Columbia. The park contains the site of the original Fort Fraser.
Facilities include
49 campsites
a boat launch
a day picnic area
a swimming beach
a sani-station
Fraser Mountain
There is a 4 km long trail up Mount Fraser that starts across the highway but still within the Beaumont park boundary. At the top is an old forest service tower that provides a clear view of the surrounding area. Some of the steepest sections of the trail once made up a small ski hill, which operated in the late 60s and early 70s, complete with a rope-tow. It takes an estimated 3 hours to ascend the mountain. The trailhead is located between the park entrance and Piper's Glen Resort.
References
External links
Provincial parks of British Columbia
Nechako Country
1960 establishments in British Columbia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaumont%20Provincial%20Park |
Beaver Creek Provincial Park is a Class C provincial park in the Regional District of Kootenay Boundary in British Columbia, Canada.
References
External links
Provincial parks of British Columbia
West Kootenay
Year of establishment missing | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beaver%20Creek%20Provincial%20Park |
Bedard Aspen Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, located in the Cornwall Hills to the west of Cache Creek-Ashcroft in that province's Thompson Country region. The valley of Hat Creek is to its west.
See also
Cornwall Hills Park
Blue Earth Lake Provincial Park
References
BC Parks infopage
Provincial parks of British Columbia
Thompson Country
Year of establishment missing | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bedard%20Aspen%20Provincial%20Park |
Paul Norman Seymour (January 30, 1928 – May 5, 1998) was an American professional basketball player and coach. Seymour played college basketball for the Toledo Rockets before playing professionally in the National Basketball Association (NBA). In the NBA, he played for the Baltimore Bullets and Syracuse Nationals. While with the Nationals, Seymour was named to the NBA All-Star game in three consecutive years, from 1953-1955. He also coached in the NBA for the Nationals, St. Louis Hawks, Baltimore Bullets, and Detroit Pistons.
Playing career
A 6'1" guard, Seymour played collegiately at the University of Toledo, and had a 12-year career in the NBA and its predecessor, the Basketball Association of America (BAA). He played his first season for the Baltimore Bullets of the BAA; the remainder of his career was with the Syracuse Nationals.
Seymour was named to the All-NBA second team in the 1954–55 and 1954–55 seasons and played in three NBA All-Star Games during his career. He won a championship with the Nationals in the 1954–55 season. For a good part of his career, Seymour was a player-coach for the Nats.
Seymour still shares, with former teammate Red Rocha, the NBA record for most minutes in a playoff game with 67.
Coaching career
After finishing his playing career, Seymour continued a successful coaching career in the NBA, coaching three more teams. Altogether he coached four teams in eight seasons. In 1961, he was the head coach of the Western Division Team in the All Star Game.
Seymour was mentioned in the ESPN documentary, Black Magic, which told the story of African-Americans and basketball. In a segment about Cleo Hill, it was revealed that during the 1961–62 season, Bob Pettit and Cliff Hagan approached management and complained that Hill was taking too many shots. (Allegedly, this was just a cover-up for their desire to not play with an African-American teammate.) Management granted their wish, telling Seymour to severely diminish Hill's offensive role. Seymour's refusal resulted in his dismissal 14 games into the season on November 17, 1961. His replacement on an interim basis was Pettit. Seymour had no ill feelings towards team owner Ben Kerner, stating, "He didn't fire me. The players did."
While coaching at Baltimore during the 1965–1966 season, Seymour deliberately ended Johnny Kerr's then-record consecutive-games-played streak of 844 games by benching the team captain for one game. According to Kerr, only after the game did Seymour tell Kerr about his intention to end Kerr's streak, saying, "This will take the pressure off you."
Later years
Seymour was featured in the book, Basketball History in Syracuse, Hoops Roots by author Mark Allen Baker published by The History Press in 2010. The book is an introduction to professional basketball in Syracuse and includes teams like (Vic Hanson's) All-Americans, the Syracuse Reds and the Syracuse Nationals (1946–1963).
Seymour was elected to the first class of the Greater Syracuse Sports Hall of Fame in 1987 along with owner Dan Biasone and NBA all-time great Dolph Schayes.
BAA/NBA career statistics
Regular season
Playoffs
References
External links
BasketballReference.com: Paul Seymour (as player)
BasketballReference.com: Paul Seymour (as coach)
Paul Seymour grave at Woodlawn Cemetery (Syracuse, New York)
1928 births
1998 deaths
American men's basketball coaches
American men's basketball players
Baltimore Bullets (1963–1973) head coaches
Baltimore Bullets (1944–1954) players
Basketball coaches from Ohio
Detroit Pistons head coaches
National Basketball Association All-Stars
People from Jensen Beach, Florida
Sportspeople from Martin County, Florida
Player-coaches
Professional Basketball League of America players
Basketball players from Toledo, Ohio
St. Louis Hawks head coaches
Syracuse Nationals head coaches
Syracuse Nationals players
Toledo Jeeps players
Toledo Rockets men's basketball players
Guards (basketball)
Eastern Basketball Association coaches | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Seymour%20%28basketball%29 |
Bellhouse Provincial Park is a provincial park in the southern Gulf Islands of British Columbia, Canada. It is located in the Sturdies Bay area of southeastern Galiano Island. It is on land donated by Thorney Bellhouse in 1964, and is noted for its spring wildflowers, notably fawn lilies and chocolate lilies, as well as views of snow-capped mountains and abundant marine life.
Gallery
External links
Provincial parks of British Columbia
Galiano Island
1964 establishments in British Columbia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bellhouse%20Provincial%20Park |
Buse Lake Protected Area, informally known as Buse Lake Provincial Park, is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, 23 km east-southeast of Kamloops near Monte Creek. It was created in 2000 as part of the outcome of the Kamloops Landuse and Resource Management Plan (KLRMP) and is 228 hectares in size.
References
External links
BCGNIS listing "Buse Lake"
Provincial parks of British Columbia
Thompson Country
2000 establishments in British Columbia
Protected areas established in 2000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buse%20Lake%20Protected%20Area |
A Wallace multiplier is a hardware implementation of a binary multiplier, a digital circuit that multiplies two integers. It uses a selection of full and half adders (the Wallace tree or Wallace reduction) to sum partial products in stages until two numbers are left. Wallace multipliers reduce as much as possible on each layer, whereas Dadda multipliers try to minimize the required number of gates by postponing the reduction to the upper layers.
Wallace multipliers were devised by the Australian computer scientist Chris Wallace in 1964.
The Wallace tree has three steps:
Multiply each bit of one of the arguments, by each bit of the other.
Reduce the number of partial products to two by layers of full and half adders.
Group the wires in two numbers, and add them with a conventional adder.
Compared to naively adding partial products with regular adders, the benefit of the Wallace tree is its faster speed. It has reduction layers, but each layer has only propagation delay. A naive addition of partial products would require time.
As making the partial products is and the final addition is , the total multiplication is , not much slower than addition. From a complexity theoretic perspective, the Wallace tree algorithm puts multiplication in the class NC1.
The downside of the Wallace tree, compared to naive addition of partial products, is its much higher gate count.
These computations only consider gate delays and don't deal with wire delays, which can also be very substantial.
The Wallace tree can be also represented by a tree of 3/2 or 4/2 adders.
It is sometimes combined with Booth encoding.
Detailed explanation
The Wallace tree is a variant of long multiplication. The first step is to multiply each digit (each bit) of one factor by each digit of the other. Each of this partial products has weight equal to the product of its factors. The final product is calculated by the weighted sum of all these partial products.
The first step, as said above, is to multiply each bit of one number by each bit of the other, which is accomplished as a simple AND gate, resulting in bits; the partial product of bits by has weight
In the second step, the resulting bits are reduced to two numbers; this is accomplished as follows:
As long as there are three or more wires with the same weight add a following layer:-
Take any three wires with the same weights and input them into a full adder. The result will be an output wire of the same weight and an output wire with a higher weight for each three input wires.
If there are two wires of the same weight left, input them into a half adder.
If there is just one wire left, connect it to the next layer.
In the third and final step, the two resulting numbers are fed to an adder, obtaining the final product.
Example
, multiplying by :
First we multiply every bit by every bit:
weight 1 –
weight 2 – ,
weight 4 – , ,
weight 8 – , , ,
weight 16 – , ,
weight 32 – ,
weight 64 –
Reduction layer 1:
Pass the only weight-1 wire through, output: 1 weight-1 wire
Add a half adder for weight 2, outputs: 1 weight-2 wire, 1 weight-4 wire
Add a full adder for weight 4, outputs: 1 weight-4 wire, 1 weight-8 wire
Add a full adder for weight 8, and pass the remaining wire through, outputs: 2 weight-8 wires, 1 weight-16 wire
Add a full adder for weight 16, outputs: 1 weight-16 wire, 1 weight-32 wire
Add a half adder for weight 32, outputs: 1 weight-32 wire, 1 weight-64 wire
Pass the only weight-64 wire through, output: 1 weight-64 wire
Wires at the output of reduction layer 1:MESCOE
weight 1 – 1
weight 2 – 1
weight 4 – 2
weight 8 – 3
weight 16 – 2
weight 32 – 2
weight 64 – 2
Reduction layer 2:
Add a full adder for weight 8, and half adders for weights 4, 16, 32, 64
Outputs:
weight 1 – 1
weight 2 – 1
weight 4 – 1
weight 8 – 2
weight 16 – 2
weight 32 – 2
weight 64 – 2
weight 128 – 1
Group the wires into a pair of integers and an adder to add them.
See also
Dadda tree
References
Further reading
External links
Generic VHDL Implementation of Wallace Tree Multiplier.
Arithmetic logic circuits
Computer arithmetic
Multiplication
1964 introductions
1964 in science | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wallace%20tree |
Burns Lake Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, located near the town of Burns Lake. The park was established per Order in Council 63 on January 25, 2001, and constitutes approximately .
External links
Provincial parks of British Columbia
Nechako Country
2001 establishments in British Columbia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burns%20Lake%20Park |
Rejvíz (; ) is a village and administrative part of Zlaté Hory in Jeseník District in the Olomouc Region of the Czech Republic. It is a popular tourist destination.
Geography
Rejvíz lies in the Zlatohorská Highlands and also extends into the Hrubý Jeseník mountain range in the south. It is located in the Jeseníky Protected Landscape Area. At an altitude of above sea level, it is the highest village of Czech Silesia.
Nature
Rejvíz is also name of a national nature reserve, which was officially founded in 1955 and covers 3.97 km2. It is composed of the largest peat bog in Moravia and Czech Silesia with small lakes of glacial origin. Recent studies have found the Rejvíz bog to be one of the best preserved woody raised bog complexes in Central Europe as core sampling reveals its organic deposit started to accumulate nine thousands years ago or even earlier. An educational trail was opened in 1970 and leads from the Rejvíz Guesthouse to Velké mechové Lake in the western part of the nature reserve. It is 1.5 km long and there are six stops with information boards.
The area of Velké mechové Lake is 1,692 m2. It is 68.5 m long and 41 m wide. Its depth is 2.95 m. Another lake, Malé mechové Lake, lies in the north-eastern part of the nature reserve. However, it is now completely overgrown with plants. The thickness of the peat layer is 6.6 m in this area, twice more than at Velké mechové Lake. Malé mechové Lake is not accessible to the public.
The peat bog is very rich in spiders. Other species living here include alpine newt, Carpathian newt and moor frog. Moorland clouded yellow and subarctic hawker are glacial relicts. When the last ice age ended many species moved to northern territories of Europe, but peat bogs provided good conditions for some of them here too.
The area is surrounded with woods consisting mainly of spruces, which are replaced with mountain pines towards the centre. The meadows are very rich in species of various plants. Among the most common ones there are horsetails, wood club-rush, Cirsium rivulare and meadowsweet. There are also a lot of rare species, such as few-flower sedge, fibrous tussock-sedge, flea sedge, tufted loosestrife or Gladiolus imbricatus.
Many other plants can be seen at the moss lakes, for example Sphagnum moss, cotton-grass, marsh Labrador tea and carnivorous common sundew.
History
During World War II, the German occupiers operated the E781 forced labour subcamp of the Stalag VIII-B/344 prisoner-of-war camp for Allied POWs in the village.
Sights
The Rejvíz Guesthouse is a popular sight because of its wooden interior from the early 20th century, carved by its owners, the Brauner brothers. Its part are also chairs with carved faces of regular customers of that time. In the time of the communist regime it was called Nosek Cottage, after the first Czechoslovak communist Minister of Interior Václav Nosek.
References
External links
Rejvíz educational trail
Rejvíz Guesthouse
Neighbourhoods in the Czech Republic
Populated places in Jeseník District
National nature reserves in the Czech Republic
Bogs of the Czech Republic
Tourist attractions in the Olomouc Region | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rejv%C3%ADz |
Burgoyne Bay Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada located on southwestern Saltspring Island near Fulford Harbour and facing northwest to Sansum Narrows, which is the channel between Saltspring and Vancouver Island. Mount Maxwell Provincial Park lies adjacent, to the north. Burgoyne Bay was named in 1859 by Captain Richards for Commander Hugh Talbot Burgoyne VC, an officer aboard HMS Ganges.
The park was established in 2004 via private land acquisition with an area of , and expanded in 2007 to .
References
Provincial parks of British Columbia
Salt Spring Island
Protected areas established in 2004
2004 establishments in British Columbia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Burgoyne%20Bay%20Provincial%20Park |
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