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Mojave Phone Booth is an independently produced 2006 film directed by John Putch. The film is based on a real phone booth in the Mojave Desert that once accepted incoming calls, but has since been removed.
Synopsis
The film is composed of the intertwined stories of four Las Vegas people whose lives are each connected by the vandalized but functioning Mojave phone booth. An isolated structure in the desert, some 15 miles from the nearest highway and miles from any other building, the booth became an internet phenomenon in 1997. The movie portrays the stories of four fictional travellers, separately drawn to visit the booth in the hopes the phone there might suddenly ring, allowing them to randomly connect with a stranger (this type of pilgrimage was actually practiced by many people prior to the real booth being removed on May 17, 2000 by Pacific Bell).
The travellers are Beth, who is trying to resolve problems with her love-life, as well as a mysterious, recurring crime; Mary, who is considering resorting to prostitution to escape the depressing circumstances of her life; Alex, a woman who is losing her lover, Glory, to a belief she is plagued by aliens; and Richard, an alcoholic, severely depressed by being separated from his wife, who chances upon the booth after the failure of his suicide attempt.
Cast
Annabeth Gish as Beth
Steve Guttenberg as Barry
Christine Elise as Alex
Tinarie Van Wyk-Loots as Mary
Robert Romanus as Richard
David DeLuise as Michael
Missi Pyle as Sarah
Kevin Rahm as Tim
Larry Poindexter as Darrell
Joy Gohring as Glory
Jacleen Haber as Rachel
Shani Wallis as Voice of Greta
Awards
In 2006 and 2007, the film won these awards:
HDFest 2006: "Best Directing in an HD Feature", "Best High-Definition Feature", "Best Screenplay in an HD Feature"
Kansas International Film Festival 2006: "Audience Award"
Stony Brook Film Festival 2006: "Best Feature"
Valley Film Festival 2006: "10 Degrees Hotter Award"
Wine Country Film Festival 2006: "Best Independent Feature Under $100,000"
Oxford International Film Festival 2007: "Audience Award: Best *Narrative Feature"
Del Ray Beach Film Festival "Best Feature 2006"
Real To Reel Film Festival 2007 "Jury Award Best Feature"
Evil City Film Festival 2007 "Best Screenplay"
Palm Springs Film Festival 2007 "Best of Fest List"
Santa Fe Film Festival 2007 "Best of Southwest"
First Glance Hollywood FF 2006 "Third Place Feature"
Seattle True Independent Film Festival 2007 "Best use of Mike Damone"
References
External links
2006 films
2006 drama films
Films directed by John Putch
American drama films
Films shot in the Mojave Desert
2000s English-language films
2000s American films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mojave%20Phone%20Booth |
Overnight is a 2003 American documentary film by Tony Montana and Mark Brian Smith. The film details the rise and stumble of filmmaker and musician Troy Duffy, the writer-director of The Boondock Saints, and was filmed at his request.
Duffy is presented as a victim of his own ego, and as the film progresses and his fortunes fade, he becomes increasingly abusive to his friends, relatives and business partners. According to co-director Montana, "Troy seemed to revel in the attention of Hollywood's lights and our cameras. Only three times during the production did he ask not to be filmed. It was on those occasions that he threatened us."
Synopsis
In 1997, bartender Troy Duffy (an aspiring screenwriter and member of the band The Brood) successfully sells his script for The Boondock Saints to Miramax chief Harvey Weinstein for $300,000 and is taken on by the William Morris Agency. Weinstein agrees to let Duffy, who has never made a movie or attended film school, direct the $15 million film. Moreover, The Brood will produce the soundtrack and get a recording contract from Maverick Records, and Weinstein will buy J. Sloan's, the Los Angeles bar where Duffy works, and hire Duffy to run it. Meanwhile, Duffy asks friends Tony Montana and Mark Brian Smith to manage The Brood and document his activities on film.
Duffy initially enjoys his new success, entertaining celebrities in his bar, dining at hotel restaurants, and moving into a production office where he holds teleconferences with major Hollywood producers. The movie deal quickly turns sour, largely due to Duffy's own arrogance and increasingly abusive behavior. Believing himself to be the next power-player in Hollywood, Duffy insults actors who are in consideration for The Boondock Saints (including Ethan Hawke, Keanu Reeves, and Kenneth Branagh, whose name Duffy repeatedly mispronounces before simply calling him "cunt"), as well as producers such as Jerry Bruckheimer. When the film fails to go into production as quickly as Duffy would like, he threatens to leave William Morris in favor of a rival agency, and alienates both Weinstein and his own production team through his abrasive behavior. Ultimately, Duffy receives word of rumors that Weinstein, one of the most powerful producers in Hollywood, has had him blacklisted. Miramax puts the film in turnaround, conference calls are refused, and soon Duffy is without any film industry contacts at all.
Duffy's musical efforts are equally ill-fated. Famed guitarist Jeff "Skunk" Baxter expresses interest in producing The Brood, singling out lead vocalist Taylor for particular praise. During recording sessions with Baxter and producer Ron Saint Germain, Duffy attempts to wrest control away from them, ignores any advice that contradicts his own opinions, and refuses to listen to Baxter's concerns about the band's heavy alcohol consumption. After being dropped by Maverick Records, Duffy and his band are signed to Atlantic Records. Renaming themselves The Boondock Saints, their debut CD sells only 690 copies, and they are dropped from the label shortly before disbanding.
In 1998, Duffy is finally able to obtain financing for the film through Franchise Pictures, although it totals less than half of Miramax's offer. The Boondock Saints is promoted at the 1999 Cannes Film Festival, but all the major American distribution companies pass on it. The film manages to receive a limited release in five cities, but performs poorly and is pulled after a week before being released on DVD and VHS. On the night of the film's screening at the Palm Springs Film Festival, Duffy and producer Chris Brinker are almost killed by a car jumping the curb and speeding off; the car and its driver remain unidentified. Although positive reviews of the movie begin to spread via word-of-mouth and the film becomes a financial success, Duffy's contract with Franchise Films stipulates he cannot profit from the film's television, home media, or foreign sales. He eventually spends all of the money he earned from his film and record deals, his bar closes, and he is unable to secure any work in Hollywood within six years after the production of The Boondock Saints.
Cast
Troy Duffy
Tony Montana
Mark Brian Smith
Taylor Duffy
Tate Duffy
Tyson Duffy
Marie Duffy
Gordon Clark
Jimi Jackson
Chris Brinker
Dave Zerr
Jim Crabbe
Ramses Ishak
Joel Roman
Cassian Elwes
Shaun Hill
Sharon Waxman
Jeff "Skunk" Baxter
Ron Saint Germain
Eric Greenspan
Jason Flom
Sean Patrick Flanery
Norman Reedus
David Della Rocco
Billy Connolly
Ron Jeremy
Willem Dafoe
Mark Wahlberg
Jake Busey
John Goodman
Reception
Overnight received positive reviews. On Rotten Tomatoes, it has a 78% fresh rating, based on 77 reviews. The consensus says, "This absorbing but wince-inducing documentary is a cautionary tale about the costs of hubris in the world of indie film." Roger Ebert gave Overnight 3-out-of-4 stars, writing, "[Duffy's] family, we sense during one scene, has been listening to this blowhard for a lifetime, and although they are happy to share his success, they're sort of waiting to see how he screws up. ... So are we."
Comedian Adam Carolla listed Overnight as one of his favorite films in his 2010 book, In 50 Years We'll All Be Chicks. In November 2011, Carolla released an interview with Troy Duffy on his podcast The Adam Carolla Show. Duffy acknowledged that he was not on his best behavior while the documentary was filming, but insisted that Overnight was edited unfairly to make him appear like a "boorish asshole."
References
External links
2003 films
2003 documentary films
American documentary films
Documentary films about film directors and producers
Films set in 1997
Films set in 1998
Films set in 1999
Films set in 2000
Films shot in Los Angeles
Films shot in Massachusetts
Films shot in France
Films shot in Mexico
Films shot in Toronto
2000s English-language films
2000s American films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Overnight%20%282003%20film%29 |
Bagherwal is a Jain community originated from Baghera, a princely state in Rajasthan (in India). Presently this town is situated in Ajmer district of Rajasthan near Kekri.
History
Stone inscriptions from the eleventh century A.D. refer to this community as located in Chittorgarh, Ranthambore and Mandalgarh at various times. During the foreign aggression of North India in the twelfth century, the community left these forts and spread to villages and towns of Rajputana and Madhya Pradesh. About six hundred years ago, three hundred families migrated to Maharashtra from Chittor under the leadership of Jijaji and Punaji Khatod. This group settled in Maharashtra.
All community members are followers of the Jain religion (Digambar). The community has built Jain temples in Rajasthan, Madhya Pradesh, Maharashtra. Kirti Stambh, built by one of the community members, Jijaji Kathod, at Chittor fort is a historical monument. It is a seven-story structure built in the twelfth century AD.
Different clans have followed different monastic lineages, Mula Sangh Balatkara Gana, Mula Sangh Sena Gana and Kashtha Sangha. Their center in Karanja Lad had thus seats of three bhattarakas of each of the three traditions.
Pandit Ashadhar, a scholar of Jain philosophy in the 13th century, writer of about 100 manuscripts in Sanskrit, was born in this community.
Publications
Community publications
Bagherwal Web Site
Bagherwal Sandesh (Monthly news magazine)
Bagherwal Samaj Sandesh (Monthly news magazine)
Pratibimb ( quarterly magazine )
Books published about community
Bagherwal Jati Ithias by Vidyadhar Johrapurkar
Pandit Ashadhar. Vyaktitva and Kratitava by Nemi Chand Dongaonkar
References
Jain communities
Social groups of Maharashtra | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bagherwal |
Bobby Bryant (born January 24, 1944) is an American former professional football cornerback who played for the Minnesota Vikings of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the South Carolina Gamecocks.
Early life
At Willingham High School, he was a star in football along with basketball, track and field, and baseball. Bryant was recruited to play for the University of South Carolina by Weems Baskin in 1963. Baskin was both the track coach and a football assistant, but Bryant (nicknamed "Bones" owing to his lanky frame) ended up playing both baseball and football, for which he would earn a letter for three years with each sport. He was awarded the ACC Athlete of the Year in 1967. He is the first and only athlete from South Carolina to have won the award along with the first Gamecock to have struck out 100 batters in a season. Bryant, who served as pitcher for the Gamecocks, was selected in the Major League Baseball Draft in his junior and senior seasons by the New York Yankees and the Boston Red Sox, respectively, but he decided to play with the Vikings when they drafted him.
In his senior season, Bryant set a school record with a 98-yard punt return against North Carolina State, assisting the team to a 31-21 win in what turned out to be their only victory of the year. Bryant also had a 77-yard punt return the season opening game against LSU. In 1979, Bryant was voted into the South Carolina athletic hall of fame.
Football career
After knee injury during the pre-season with the Vikings kept him on the team's practice squad in 1967, Bryant spent his rookie season with the Des Moines Warriors from the minor Professional Football League of America (PFLA). A season later he began his career with the Vikings in 1968, which was also the same year that Paul Krause was traded to the team. Together they would play with each other for twelve seasons, and they would combine for 104 interceptions (with nine combined interceptions in playoff games).
Bryant was used as both a defensive back and a returner on punts and kicks for his rookie season, and he soon became known for blowing kisses to the crowd. He returned 19 kicks for 373 yards to go with ten punt returns for 49 yards. He had his first interception in his fourth game against the New Orleans Saints on October 13. He intercepted Billy Kilmer twice and returned one of the interceptions 51 yards for a touchdown. They were the only interceptions of his rookie season, for which he made no starts at the position. Bryant, given more playing time on the defensive part of the field, improved readily in 1969. Playing in ten games, he made eight interceptions, which would prove to be a career high. He ranked second in interceptions in the NFL next to Lem Barney (8) and Mel Renfro (10). It was the first of four seasons that Bryant would finish in the top ten for interceptions. It was also the first of four times that he led the Vikings in interceptions.
In the NFC Championship against the Dallas Cowboys on December 30, , he returned a Roger Staubach pass 63 yards for a touchdown, which was at the time the longest interception return for a touchdown by a Viking.
Bryant returned to full strength in 1975. He played in each game and recorded six interceptions (good for seventh in the league). He was named to his first Pro Bowl that year. In 1976, he recorded just two interceptions but was named to the Pro Bowl once again. In the 1976 NFC Championship on December 26 against the Los Angeles Rams, he scored the first points of the game when he returned a blocked Tom Dempsey field goal kick 90 yards for a touchdown. He also recorded two interceptions off Pat Haden as the Vikings rolled on to make their fourth Super Bowl in franchise history, with Bryant being one of just eleven Vikings to have played in each of those Super Bowls.
Bryant had his last peak with 1978, as he recorded seven interceptions (which ranked as more than he had in his last two seasons combined).
At the age of 36, Bryant played his last season in 1980. He did not record an interception for his first eight games, but he closed his career out with three in his last six games played, including his last one in the season finale against the Houston Oilers, doing so against Ken Stabler.
At the time of his retirement, Bryant ranked tenth all-time in interceptions, having become one of eighteen players at the time to have recorded 50 interceptions as a player. Since then, 21 have crossed the mark, and Bryant ranks 39th. He is second in interceptions as a Viking (51) next to Paul Krause. He also intercepted another six passes in his 14 postseason games, including three in the Vikings Super Bowl season of 1976.
Personal life
In 1979, he was inducted into the University of South Carolina Athletic Hall of Fame. After retiring, he lived in Minnesota for five years before settling in Columbia, South Carolina and worked in sales for Harmon Autoglass, an auto glass replacement business.
References
External links
Georgia Sports Hall of Fame
Where are they now? Bobby Bryant
1944 births
Living people
Players of American football from Macon, Georgia
American football cornerbacks
Minnesota Vikings players
National Conference Pro Bowl players
South Carolina Gamecocks football players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby%20Bryant |
The town of Clare is located in South Australia in the Mid North region, 136 km north of Adelaide. It gives its name to the Clare Valley wine and tourist region.
At the , Clare itself had a population of 3160 as part of an urban area with 3327 people.
History
The first European to explore the district was John Hill, who in April 1839 discovered and named the Wakefield River and Hutt River. In early 1840 the first European settlers arrived in the district, led by John Horrocks. The town itself was established in 1842 by Edward Burton Gleeson, and named after his ancestral home of County Clare in Ireland, although the town was first named Inchiquin after Gleeson's property. Lake Inchiquin is now the name of a reservoir located to the north of the town, near the golf club. The layout of the town's road system was apparently designed by a draughtsman in Adelaide, without any knowledge of the local geography. There are several roads in Clare that end abruptly at a cliff face, only to continue again at the top of the cliff, e.g. Wright Street to the top of Billy Goat Hill, and continued as Wright Lane below, running by Woolworths.
The District Council of Clare was established in 1853 and was joined in 1868 by a corporate municipality, the Corporation of Clare. The corporate town seceded from the district council to provide dedicated local government to the township but re-amalgamated with the district council in 1969.
A railway line was built from Riverton to Clare in 1918 and on to Spalding in 1922. It closed in 1984 and the tracks were removed in the following years after damage caused by the Ash Wednesday fires of 1983. The alignment now carries the Riesling Trail walking and cycling trail from Auburn to Barinia.
County of Stanley
The County of Stanley, in which lies the town of Clare, is one of the 49 cadastral counties of South Australia. It was proclaimed by Governor George Grey and named for Edward Stanley, Secretary of State for the Colonies from 1841 to 1845. The Hundred of Clare is centred on the town of Clare. Within the Stanley County also lies the Hundred of Stanley which contains the eastern Clare Valley.
This area was also the location of the Electoral district of Stanley for which, from 1862, the chief polling place was listed as Clare, with subsidiary polling places at Auburn, Mudla Wirra (Gawler), and Baker's Springs (Rhynie). This electorate was only abolished in 1956. Townships served by the seat of Stanley from 1875 included Port Pirie, Crystal Brook, Clare, Snowtown and Port Broughton.
In 1997 Clare and the surrounding district became a part of the much larger District Council of Clare and Gilbert Valleys for the purpose of local governance.
Stanley Wine Company
Clare is the original location of the Stanley Wine Company, founded in 1894 by Joseph Herman Knappstein; the brand is now owned by Accolade Wines for cask wine packaged for the "drink now" market. Local winery "Mr. Mick" is named for Stanley Wine's Managing Director (1962–1976) Carl Knappstein, known as "Mick", the legendary Stanley Wine Maker.
Wine grapes have been grown around Clare since the early 1840s, with the early explorer John Horrocks planting the first vines at Penwortham. Pioneer Edward Burton Gleeson (the founder of Clare, and its first mayor) also planted approximately 800 vines at his Clare estate 'Inchiquin' in the 1840s. Many small vineyards were then planted, the main ones being planted by winemaker J.H. Knappstein, settler John Hope and brewer John Christison.
For example, in 1904 the Stanley Wine Company completed a large shipment of casks of wine for London totalling about 70,000 gallons. Clare Valley wines exported (in casks) were mainly Stanley port, with "its unique and palatable flavor". This port, with dry burgundy and brandy, formed the bulk of the production sold to Britain, for which the wines had to be preserved ("fortified") with extra distilled spirit, much as we now know our Muscats and Port wines.
Clare's most prestigious winery is at Wendouree, two and a half miles south-east of Clare (but closed to the public), which is "a fine little cellar in a family tradition" that specialises in high-class organic wine production. Mr. A. P. Birks established this cellar "in a tiny way" in a shed in 1895. It is now renowned for its limited volume production of exclusive Wendouree red wines. Penfold's famous Grange also has sources in the Clare Valley.
The town today
As one of the larger towns in the region, Clare is an administrative and service centre for the surrounding area. It has two supermarkets, many other specialty stores, two public and two private schools, three hotels, two motels, a caravan park, race course and showground.
Clare has become recognised for its 'experiences', including the Riesling Trail walking and cycling route from 9 km north of Clare to Auburn (25 km), on the former railway alignment, so named as it weaves past vineyards and wineries, and continuing to Riverton as the Rattler Trail.
The Riesling Trail also makes up a small section of the popular, Mawson Trail which stretches up to the Flinders Ranges.
Clare is the starting point of the Lavender Federation Trail which traverses the eastern side of the Mount Lofty Ranges past the Barossa Valley through to Murray Bridge. The Clare Valley wine region continues within the same line of hills as the famous Barossa Valley, and also produces wine.
The Clare Valley Wine and Wilderness Trail is a 100 km hiking and cycling trail designed to highlight the premium wine and food and landscapes of the Clare Valley, starting at the Clare Valley Information Centre, Horrocks Highway, 3 km south of Clare.
Attractions
The township of Clare is home to two wineries at opposite ends of the town:
The Knappstein Enterprise Winery, 2 Pioneer Ave, Clare SA (the old Clare Brewery)
Mr. Mick Cellar Door and Restaurant, 7 Dominic St, Clare SA (the old Stanley Winery)
and book-ended by Jim Barry winery in the north and Tim Adams winery to the south. A half-dozen restaurants are situated in and around Clare, counting Cellar Door Restaurants at surrounding wineries.
A further dozen or more wineries surround the town: including Taylors, Kirrihill, Kilikanoon, and Shut The Gate Wines. The Clare Valley contains over forty cellar doors and wineries in all.
A third original Clare Winery was The Clarevale Cooperative Winery, the buildings of which still survive in Lennon Street Clare across from the Clarevale Cottage, the Manager's home. This winery was founded in 1930, with a loan of 8,000 pounds from the State Government, but started crushing wine in 1929. It was later taken over by Kaiser Stuhl.
The Clare Valley Visitor Information Centre is incorporated within the Clare Valley Wine, Food and Tourism Centre, located 3 km south of Clare on the Horrocks Highway, at 8 Spring Gully Rd, Clare SA.
The Clare Museum of the National Trust of SA is at the Corner, Neagles Rock Road and Victoria Road Clare 5453 SA, about 1 km South of Main Street. Open 1-3 PM Saturdays, and 10-3 PM Sundays and public holidays, except Christmas and Good Friday.
The popular Clare Regional History Group has a large collection of historical books, newspapers and memorabilia at the Clare Town Hall, open to the public on Friday afternoons 1-4 PM, and on monthly Saturday Market days.
The Monthly Clare Show Market is held on the second Saturday of the Month at Ennis Park, alongside the Clare Town Hall.
Clare Valley Market in the car park at The Clare Valley Info. Centre at the Clare Valley Wine, Food and Tourism Centre, south of Clare on Spring Gully Rd. is a licensed market held in March, September (24/9/22) and November (25/9/2022).
The Clare Mini-railway at the "Lakeside Railway": The Clare Valley Model Engineers have a railway with over one kilometre of track that features several bridges and a tunnel in a 10 hectare park. and the train operates every second and fourth weekend of each month at Melrose Park, Phoenix Ave, Clare SA.
The Gleeson Wetlands, including Lake Inchiquin, has a flat easy walking path, with the opportunity to view many native birds in their natural habitat. There are two picnic shelters, and a bird hide. Further along there is a pathway through Melrose Park which links to the Riesling Trail.
Five Lookouts around Clare:
1. Billy Goat Hill, Wright Street, central Clare, is a good lookout on a Council Reserve upstairs and via a high footpath above an old quarry (behind Woolworths) which offers a great view of Clare. It is also accessible by car via Union Street from Mill Street.
2. Neagle's Rock Lookout is a Clare favourite, and only 1 km south from the crossroad by the National Trust Clare Museum and Wolta Wolta heritage homestead. The peak is about a 20 minute steep walk, and has a long history of family picnics. In October 1935 it was announced that a public subscription had raised money toward public ownership of the site, which is now run by the local Council. The lookout park contains many ecologically important flora species, including rare remnant of Peppermint Box eucalypt woodland. Listen for the birdsong of the White-plumed Honeyeater, Australian Magpie, Adelaide Rosella, the Grey Shrikethrush, and of the Rufous Whistler.
3. Quarry Hill Lookout is the most romantic and beautiful lookout near Clare. Get there on Quarry Road, which runs east off Main North Rd, just south of the caravan park, about 4 km south of Clare township. At 276 Quarry Rd, Polish Hill River SA 5453. Check out the Clare Valley Rocks information on the display sign at the lookout.
4. Brooks Lookout, on the steep Old Blyth Road west of Armagh, has panoramic views west over Blyth township and the Condowie Plain, with views to the Hummocks and a possible glimpse of Gulf St Vincent. It is closed in summer due to the danger of bushfire. Reach it from sign-posted turn-offs from the Blyth Road below Armagh.
5. Spring Gully Conservation Park: This park about 6 km south of Clare preserves the remnants of the only stand of red stringybark (Eucalyptus macrorhyncha) in South Australia. It is a relic population left behind from a wetter time so is mostly treed with Peppermint Gum (Eucalyptus odorata), Southern Cypress Pine (Callitris gracilis) and Golden Wattle (Acacia pycnantha). A great place for seeing Blackboy Trees (Xanthorrhoea species) and possibly Western grey kangaroos and euros at dawn or at dusk.
Clare Valley Art Gallery has an extensive range of contemporary Utopian Indigenous Art, with regular visiting artists, at 28 Horrocks Highway, Clare
The Clare Art House has exhibits, presentations, art and craft workshops and lessons, 8 Mill Street Clare
The Riesling Trail runs past the location of the old Clare Railway Station, and extends up the valley to Auburn.
The great Hill River Stone Wall, estimated to contain 7,040.000 stones, commences about 3 km South of the Farrell Flat road East of Clare, by Claremont Road.
It continues Northwards to Gum Creek and Leighton, up big hills and down dales to Spalding and Booborowie on a level with Jamestown, finally ending at the top end of Canowie. It seems fairly certain the Hill River wall was built in the 1860s by tradesmen of the celebrated pioneering pastoralist, C. B. Fisher, principally to keep sheep within bounds.
Also known as "The "Camel Hump Wall", it is a drystone wall which runs over 30 kilometres (19 mi) from Booborowie to Farrell Flat, and another equal distance further south to the former farm of Mr. David Ashby, totalling 62 kilometres. "Camel Hump Wall" is said to be the longest continuous dry stone wall in Australia, and should be heritage listed.
Bungaree Station, 12 km north of Clare has a sandstone Woolshed (one of Australia's oldest working woolsheds, constructed from 1842), Shearers Quarters, Stable Yard, Station Store, Managers House, staff cottages and B&B accommodation, and even the old District Council Chambers and a Church. It is still a working farm, run by the 4th, 5th and 6th generations of the Hawker family. Bungaree was established like a small English village with the manor house, police station, St Michaels Anglican Church in the Gothic style (1864), and also has a thriving tourism business, created after the wool crash of 1985.
These 1906 photographs shows a mob of 1,960 sheep which had just walked to Bungaree from Paralana Station in the Northern Flinders Ranges (also run by the Hawker Family). The particular interest of this photo of Bungaree is that it later became famous, when an engraving was made of it and it was used on both the £50 and £1000 Australian banknotes (The £1000 note was used for inter-bank transactions).
"Australia was Riding on the Sheep's Back" meaning that, for much of Australia's recent history wool has been the basis of the national economy and the country's major export. Those graziers who grew the wool had come to symbolise and epitomise what it was to be Australian.
Other historic sheep stations in the Clare Valley are:
Hill River Estate (east of Clare), founded by C.B. Fisher) and
Hughes Park estate (south-west of Clare).
Boconnoc Park estate lies west of Armagh around the Blyth Road.
The Kadlunga Estate, with the best rainfall in the area, was historically famed for its breeding of Shropshire sheep and is situated south-east of Clare, towards Mintaro and its historic Martindale Hall.
Wineries
(Listed North to South)
Jim Barry Wines (Cellar Door)
Mad Bastard Wines (Cellar Door)
Knappstein Wines (Cellar Door)
Mr Mick (Cellar Door, Restaurant)
Sussex Squire Wines (Cellar Door)
Tim Adams Wines (Cellar Door)
Shut the Gate Wines (Cellar Door, Cafe)
Stone Bridge Wines (Cellar Door)
Eldredge Wines (Cellar Door)
Jaeschke's Hill River Clare Estate (Cellar Door)
Sevenhill Cellars (Cellar Door)
Good Catholic Girl Wines (Cellar Door)
Pikes Wines and Brewery (Cellar Door, Restaurant)
The Wilson Vineyard (Cellar Door)
Paulett Wines (Cellar Door, Restaurant)
Jeanneret Wines & Clare Valley Brewing (Cellar Door)
Skillogalee Wines & Restaurant (Cellar Door, Restaurant)
Reilly's Wines and Restaurant (Cellar Door, Restaurant)
Mitchell Wines (Cellar Door)
Mintaro Wines (Cellar Door)
Killikanoon Wines (Cellar Door)
Penna Lane Wines (Cellar Door)
Tim McNeil Wines (Cellar Door)
Crabtree Watervale Wines (Cellar Door)
clos Clare (Cellar Door)
Claymore Wines (Cellar Door)
Tim Gramp Wines (Cellar Door)
O'Leary Walker Wines (Cellar Door, Restaurant)
Taylors Wine (Cellar Door, Restaurant)
Velvet and Willow Wines (Cellar Door)
Wines by KT (Cellar Door)
Grosset Wines (Cellar Door)
Mount Horrocks Wines (Cellar Door)
Ulster Park Wines (Cellar Door)
Koonowla Wines/Georges (Cellar Door)
Governance
Clare is governed at the local level by the District Council of Clare and Gilbert Valleys. Clare lies in the state electoral district of Frome and the federal electoral Division of Grey.
Geography and Climate
Clare is situated on the eponymous Clare Valley along the path of the Hutt River, about west of the Camels Hump Range and west of Stony Range. The Skilly Hills rise to the south-west and the Bungaree Hills rise to the north-west.
Clare experiences a hot-summer mediterranean climate (Köppen climate classification: Csa), Trewartha: Csak); with warm, dry summers; mild to warm, relatively dry springs and autumns; and cool to mild winters with moderate precipitation.
Notable people
Notable people from or who have lived in Clare include:
William Adey, educationist
Peter Albany Bell, caterer and philanthropist
Hooper Brewster-Jones, pianist and composer
Luke Dunstan, Australian rules football player
Albert Fryar, philatelist and sportsman
Edward Burton Gleeson, "Paddy" Gleeson, founder of Clare (1803 -1870)
George Charles Hawker, (1818–1895), pioneer and parliamentarian (1858–1895)
Charles Hawker, politician
Riley Knight, Australian rules football player
H. H. Tilbrook, co-founder of The Northern Argus, and photographer
See also
Clare Valley
Stanley Football Association
References
External links
Towns in South Australia
Mid North (South Australia) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clare%2C%20South%20Australia |
David Gallaher (30October 1873 – 4October 1917) was an Irish-born New Zealand rugby union footballer best remembered as the captain of the "Original All Blacks"—the 1905–06 New Zealand national team, the first representative New Zealand side to tour the British Isles. Under Gallaher's leadership the Originals won 34 out of 35 matches over the course of tour, including legs in France and North America; the New Zealanders scored 976 points and conceded only 59. Before returning home he co-wrote the classic rugby text The Complete Rugby Footballer with his vice-captain Billy Stead. Gallaher retired as a player after the 1905–06 tour and took up coaching and selecting; he was a selector for both Auckland and New Zealand for most of the following decade.
Born in Ramelton, Ireland, Gallaher migrated to New Zealand with his family as a small child. After moving to Auckland, in 1895 he joined Ponsonby RFC and was selected for his province in 1896. In 1901–02 he served with the New Zealand Contingent in the Anglo-Boer War. He first appeared on the New Zealand national team for their unbeaten tour of Australia in 1903, and played in New Zealand's first ever Test match, against Australia in Sydney. The Originals Gallaher captained during 1905–06 helped to cement rugby as New Zealand's national sport, but he was relentlessly pilloried by the British press for his role as wing-forward. The use of a wing-forward, which critics felt was a tactic to deliberately obstruct opponents, contributed to decades of strain between the rugby authorities of New Zealand and the Home Nations; the International Rugby Football Board (IRFB) effectively outlawed the position in 1931.
During the First World War, Gallaher enlisted in the New Zealand Division to fight in Europe. He was fatally wounded by shrapnel wounds to the head in 1917 at the Battle of Passchendaele in Belgium. He has since been inducted into the World Rugby Hall of Fame, International Rugby Hall of Fame, and the New Zealand Sports Hall of Fame. A number of memorials exist in Gallaher's honour, including the Gallaher Shield for the winner of Auckland's club championship, and the Dave Gallaher Trophy contested between the national teams of France and New Zealand.
Early life
Dave Gallaher was born as David Gallagher on 30October 1873 at Ramelton, County Donegal, Ireland, the third son of James Henry Gallagher, a 69-year-old shopkeeper, and his 29-year-old wife, Maria Hardy Gallagher (née McCloskie). James was a widower who had married Maria in 1866, a year after the death of his first wife. James had two children from his first marriage, and David was the seventh from his marriage to Maria. The couple had three more children after David, but of their ten offspring, three died in infancy. The couple's other offspring were: Joseph (born 1867), Isabella (1868), James (1869), Maria (called Molly, 1870), Jane (1871), Thomas (1872), William (1875), Oswald (1876), and James Patrick (1878). David was baptised as a Presbyterian in the First Ramelton Meeting House on 8January 1874.
After the struggling in his drapery business in Ramelton, James decided to emigrate with his family to New Zealand as part of George Vesey Stewart's Katikati Special Settlement scheme. In May 1878 the Gallaghersminus the sick James Patrick who at eight weeks old was too weak to make the tripsailed from Belfast on the Lady Jocelyn for Katikati in the Bay of Plenty. On arriving in New Zealand, the family altered their surname to "Gallaher" in an effort to reduce confusion over its spelling and pronunciation.
The Gallaher couple and their six children arrived in Auckland after a three-month voyage, and from there sailed to Tauranga in the Bay of Plenty, before their final voyage to Katikati. On arrival they found the settlement scheme was not what they had envisaged or been promised: the land allocated to the family required enormous work to be broken in before being suitable for farming, there was no easy access to water, and the settlement was very hilly. It had been hoped that James would be employed as the agent for the Donegal Knitting Company in New Zealand, which was to be established by Lord George Hill. But Hill died unexpectedly and his successor did not support the initiative. As the family's poor quality land was insufficient to make a living, the children's mother Maria soon became the chief breadwinner after she obtained a position teaching for £2 a week at the new No. 2 School.
In January 1886 David spent a week in Auckland hospital undergoing surgery to treat stunted muscles in his left leg which had led to curvature of his spine. His mother became sick that same year, and in 1887 lost her teaching position. His mother's condition worsened and she died of cancer on 9September 1887. With a father in his seventies, the 13-year-old David was compelled to leave school so he could help his brothers to support the family. He took a job with a local stock and station agent.
The older Gallaher children had to work to prevent the local authorities from putting their younger siblings up for adoption. In 1889, with the exception of William who remained in Katikati, the family joined Joseph in Auckland, where he had found work. Davidwho was by now 17 years oldwas able to obtain work at the Northern Roller Mills Company, and was soon a member of the firm's junior cricket team. In the late 1890s Gallaher took employment at the Auckland Farmers' Freezing Company as a labourer; by the time of his deployment for the First World War two decades later he had risen to the position of foreman. His work required the constant handling of heavy animal carcasses, which helped him build upper body strength and kept him fit.
Early rugby career
Gallaher first gained attention for his talents as a rugby player while living in Katikati. After moving to Auckland, he played junior rugby for Parnell from 1890. He joined the Ponsonby District Rugby Football Club in 1895, after the family moved to Freemans Bay following Joseph's marriage to Nell Burchell. Gallaher, who played at hooker, was selected for an Auckland "B" side that year, and made his debut for Auckland against the touring Queensland team on 8August 1896. The Aucklanders won 15–6. Gallaher was retained for Auckland's remaining fixtures that season: defeats to Wellington, Taranaki and Otago.
In 1897, Gallaher's Ponsonby won eight of their nine matches en route to the Auckland club championship. He was selected to play for Auckland against the New Zealand representative side that had just completed a tour of Australia. The Aucklanders won 11–10 after scoring a late try; it was only New Zealand's second loss of their eleven-match tour. Later that year Gallaher was selected for Auckland's three-match tour where they defeated Taranaki, Wellington and Wanganui. Wellington's defeat was their first loss at home since the formation of the Wellington Rugby Football Union in 1879. The following season was less eventful for Gallaherhe played much of the season for Ponsonby, but injury prevented his selection for Auckland.
After missing the 1898 season for Auckland, Gallaher continued to be selected for the union throughout 1899 and 1900. The side was undefeated over this time; he played for them twice in 1899, and in all four matches in 1900. He represented Auckland a total of 26 times over his career.
Anglo-Boer War
In January 1901 Gallaher joined the Sixth New Zealand Contingent of Mounted Rifles for service in the Anglo-Boer War. When enlisting he gave his date of birth as 31October 1876, three years later than the actual date. It is unknown why he did this but the later date continued to be used in official records for the rest of his life. Gallaher was given a send-off dinner by his Ponsonby club before the contingent departed from Auckland on 31January. After disembarking in South Africa at East London on 14March 1901, Gallaher's contingent immediately embarked for Pretoria, and it was there that, as part of forces under the command of General Herbert Plumer, they set about their task of "rid[ding] the Northern Transvaal of Boer guerrillas and sympathizers."
A member of the contingent's 16th (Auckland) Company, he served in the advanced guard, who scouted ahead of the main force. In October 1901 Gallaher contracted malaria, and was hospitalised in Charlestown, Natal. In a letter he composed to his sister while recovering he wrote:
Between late December 1901 and early January 1902 Gallaher and his contingent were involved in a number of skirmishes. He described one incident where he had several Boer fighters in his sights, but did not have "the heart" to fire at them while they rescued one of their comrades. Describing a later encounter to his sister, Gallaher wrote: "We had a total of 22 killed and 36 injured and a few taken prisoners[;] it was a pretty mournful sight to see the Red Cross bearers cruising around the field fetching all the dead and wounded who were laying all over the place". By March 1902 Gallaher had reached the rank of squadron sergeant-major, and his contingent was on its way to Durban. There the unit boarded ship for New Zealand, but Gallaher stayed behind, transferring to the Tenth New Zealand Contingent. His new unit did not see active service in South Africa, and he returned with them to New Zealand in August 1902. For his service Gallaher received the Queen's South Africa Medal (Cape Colony, Orange Free State, and Transvaal Clasps), and King's South Africa Medal (South Africa 1901 and South Africa 1902 Clasps).
Resumption of his rugby career
During his time in South Africa Gallaher did play some rugby, including captaining the New Zealand military team that played ten games and won the rugby championship among the British forces. But he was not fit enough to play immediately upon his return to New Zealand, and so did not resume playing rugby for Ponsonby until the 1903 season. When he did return for his club, for the first match of the year, he was described as "the outstanding forward" in a comprehensive defeat of Parnell.
Despite having missed two seasons of provincial rugby, Gallaher was included in the 22-man New Zealand representative squad to tour Australia during 1903. He was the first Ponsonby player ever to play for the New Zealand team, commonly known as the "All Blacks". The 1903 team to Australia was, according to Winston McCarthy's 1968 history of the All Blacks, "still regarded by old-timers as the greatest team to ever leave New Zealand." The tour did not start wella preliminary match in New Zealand, against Wellington, was lost 14–5, though Gallaher did score his first try for his country.
Gallaher played eight matchesthe first four as hooker and the remainder as wing-forwardout of eleven during the six-week tour. The party was captained by the veteran Otago player Jimmy Duncan, who was widely recognised as a master tactician. The first match in Australia, against New South Wales, was won 12–0 by the New Zealanders, despite their having a man sent off. After playing a Combined Western Districts side, New Zealand played a second match against New South Wales. New Zealand won again, but only 3–0 on a flooded pitch at Sydney Cricket Ground. The side continued touring the state before making their way north to Queensland, where they twice played the state side. The New Zealanders then returned to New South Wales, where the first-ever Australia–New Zealand rugby union Test match took place in Sydney.
Since the selection of the first New Zealand team in 1884, inter-colonial games had been played against New South Wales (ten New Zealand wins from thirteen matches), and Queensland (seven New Zealand wins from seven), but none had been contested against a combined Australian side. The matchwon 22–3 by the New Zealanders, who scored three tries to nilmarked Gallaher's first international cap. The last match of the tour was against New South Wales Country; New Zealand won 32–0. On their ten-match tour of Australia, New Zealand had scored 276 points and conceded only 13.
Back in New Zealand, Gallaher was selected for the North Island in his first ever Inter-Island match; the South won 12–5. He then continued playing for Auckland, who were conducting a tour of both islands. Gallaher appeared in six of their seven matches, against Taranaki, Wellington, Southland, Otago, Canterbury, and South Canterbury. Auckland lost the first two matches, but won the others.
In 1904 the first Ranfurly Shield match was played. The shield, a provincial challenge trophy won by defeating the holder, was to become the most prestigious trophy in domestic New Zealand rugby. Due to their unmatched provincial record at the time Auckland were awarded the shield. The first shield challenge was played against Wellington, who were not expected to pose much of a threat. Auckland had not lost at home in six years, but, with Gallaher in the side, were upset 6–3 by the Wellingtonians. Gallaher was then selected for the New Zealand team that faced the touring British Isles in what was New Zealand's first Test match on home soil. The British team were conducting a tour of Australia and New Zealand, and had finished their Australian leg unbeaten.
Jimmy Duncan, who was coaching New Zealand after retiring as a player, said before the historic match: "I have given them directions. It's man for man all the time, and I have bet Gallaher a new hat that he can't catch [Percy] Bush. Bush has never been collared in Australia but he'll get it today." The match was tied 3–3 at half-time, but New Zealand were the stronger side in the second half and eventually won 9–3. Gallaher was praised by press for his all-round display at wing-forward, but in particular for his successful harassment of the British Isles' half-back Tommy Vile.
The New Zealand defeat was the first tour loss for the British side, who then drew with a combined Taranaki-Wanganui-Manawatu side before travelling to Auckland. Gallaher played for Auckland against the tourists and scored one of the tries in their 13–0 victory. He was part of a forward pack that dominated their opponents, and again he troubled Vile; his tackling of Vile and Bush killed many British attacks. The rugby historian Terry McLean would write in 1987 that "his display could be ranked with the finest exhibitions of wing-forward play". Gallaher represented Auckland once more in 1904, a 3–0 loss to Taranaki.
1905 tour
Background and preparations
At the end of the 1904 season the New Zealand Rugby Football Union (NZRFU) suspended Gallaher from playing after a disagreement over a claim for expenses he had submitted to the Auckland Rugby Football Union for travel to play in the match against the British Isles. Eventually the matter was resolved when, under protest, Gallaher repaid the disputed amount. This settlement, coupled with his performance in 26–0 North Island win over the South Island in the pre-tour trial, allowed Gallaher to be considered for selection for New Zealand's 1905–06 tour of Europe and North America. The NZRFU had been trying to secure an invitation to send a team to Britain for some time, and were finally able to secure satisfactory financial guarantees to proceed in 1905. This was the first representative New Zealand team to undertake such a tour, though a privately organised team, the New Zealand Natives, had preceded them in 1888–89.
The NZRFU named Gallaher captain for the tour, with Billy Stead as vice-captain. A week into the voyage to Britain aboard the SS Rimutaka, rumours circulated that some of the southern players were unhappy with the appointment of Gallaher, and with what they perceived as an Auckland bias in the squad. The dissidents contended that the captain and vice-captain should have been elected by the players, as they had been on the 1897 and 1903 tours to Australia. Gallaher recognised the damage factionalism might do to the team and offered to resign, as did the vice-captain Stead. Although the teams' manager refused to accept the resignations, the players still took a vote—17 out of 29 endorsed the NZRFU's selections.
During the voyage to England the team conducted training drills on the ship's deck; for this the forwards were coached by Gallaher and fellow player Bill Cunningham, while Stead was in charge of the backs. Consequently, the services of the NZRFU-appointed coach Jimmy Duncan were not used; his appointment had caused opposition from many in the squad who believed his expertise was not required, and that an extra player should have been taken on tour instead. After a six-week voyage, the team arrived in Plymouth, England on 8September 1905.
Early tour matches
The New Zealanders' first match was against the Devon county side at Exeter. A close contest was expected, but New Zealand ran out 55–4 winners, scoring twelve tries and conceding only a drop-goal. Reaction to the match was mixedthe team were accompanied by a cheering crowd and marching band following the win, but Gallaher's play at wing-forward provoked some criticism in the press.
The use of a wing-forward was a distinctive feature of New Zealand play. Instead of having eight men in the scrum as was normal elsewhere, seven men were usedthe missing man, the wing-forward, instead fed the ball into the scrum then held onto one of their hookers while the ball progressed through the scrum to their half-back. With the wing-forward bound to the side of the scrum, the opposing half-back would then have to manoeuvre past him to tackle the player with the ball. This increased the amount of time the half-back would have in possession of the ball before his opposite could tackle him.
The use of this new tactic by New Zealand meant that Gallaher, the team's wing-forward, was repeatedly accused by the English of obstruction, though the referee Percy Coles, an official of the English Rugby Football Union (RFU), rarely penalised him in the Devon match. The Originals' fullback Billy Wallace posited that New Zealand's superior scrum made Gallaher's style of play more prominent. Unlike British and Irish teams of the time, New Zealand employed specialist positions for their forwards. Despite often facing an extra man in the scrum, the New Zealanders "drove like a cleaver through British forward packs". Gallaher later said: "I think my play is fairI sincerely trust soand surely the fact that both Mr Percy Coles and Mr D. H. Bowentwo of the referees of our matches, and fairly representative of English and Welsh ideas, have taken no exception so it ought to have some weight." The British press, looking to find fault in New Zealand's play, continued to criticise Gallaher throughout the tour. Gallaher believed the key to his side's success was a difference in playing styles, while Winston McCarthy believed the unique backline formation to be a major factor.
Following the opening match the "All Blacks"as the New Zealand team came to be knowndefeated Cornwall and then Bristol, both 41–0. They then defeated Northampton 32–0. The tour continued in much the same way, with the All Blacks defeating Leicester, Middlesex, Durham, Hartlepool Clubs and Northumberland; in nearly all cases the defeats were inflicted without conceding any points (the one exception being Durham, who scored a try against New Zealand). The New Zealanders then comfortably defeated Gloucester and Somerset before facing Devonport Albion, the incumbent English club champions, who had not lost at home in 18 months. New Zealand beat them 21–3 in front of a crowd of 20,000. Gallaher scored the All Blacks' final try, an effort described by the Plymouth Herald as, "... a gem. It was a tearing rush for about fifty yards with clockwork-like passing all the way."
New Zealand won their next seven matches, including victories over Blackheath, Oxford University and Cambridge University. Billy Wallace contended that the New Zealanders' form peaked with the win over Blackheath; he recalled that "after this game injuries began to take their toll and prevented us ever putting in so fine a team again on the tour." By the time the All Blacks played their first Test match, against Scotland, the team had played and won nineteen matches, and scored 612 points while conceding only 15.
Scotland, Ireland and England internationals
The Scottish Football Union (SFU), the governing body for rugby union in Scotland, did not give the New Zealanders an official welcome, and sent only one official to greet them on their arrival in Edinburgh. In addition, the SFU refused a financial guarantee for the match, promising the gate receipts to the New Zealanders instead; this meant that the NZRFU had to take on all monetary responsibilities for the match. One reason for the cold reception from the SFU may have been because of negative reports from David Bedell-Sivright, who was Scotland's captain and had also captained the British Isles team on their 1904 tour of New Zealand. Bedell-Sivright had reported unfavourably on his experiences in New Zealand the previous year, especially regarding the wing-forward play of Gallaher.
When time for the Scotland Test did arrive, it was discovered that as the ground had not been covered for protection from the elements, and had frozen over. The SFU wanted to abandon the match, but Gallaher and the tour manager George Dixon contended that the weather would improve enough for the pitch to thaw, and the match was eventually allowed to proceed. The Test was closely contested, with Scotland leading 7–6 at half-time, but the All Blacks scored two late tries to win 12–7; despite the close score-line, the New Zealanders were clearly the better of the two sides.
Four days later the tourists played a West of Scotland selection, where they received a much warmer reception than for the Scotland match, then travelled via Belfast to Dublin where they faced Ireland. Gallaher did not play in either match due to a leg injury suffered during the Scotland Test. New Zealand won the Ireland match 15–0, then defeated a team representing Munster province.
By the time of New Zealand's next game, against England in London, Gallaher had recovered from his injury enough to play. Between 40,000 and 80,000 saw the match. The All Blacks scored five tries (four by Duncan McGregor, playing at wing) to win 15–0. According to the England player Dai Gent, the victory would have been even greater had the match conditions been dry. "One cannot help thinking that England might have picked a stronger side," said Gallaher. "From our experience, we did not think that this side was fully representative of the best men to be found in the country." Observers noted that Gallaher still seemed to be suffering from his leg injury during the match. New Zealand played three more matches in Englandwins over Cheltenham, Cheshire, and Yorkshirebefore travelling on to Wales.
Wales
Wales were the dominant rugby country of the four Home Nations, and in the middle of a "golden age" at the time. Many commentators in both New Zealand and the United Kingdom felt the Welsh test was the best chance of stopping an All Blacks clean sweep. As such, the game was billed as the "Match of the Century" even before the tourists had left New Zealand.
Gallaher and his team faced them three days after the Yorkshire match. The All Blacks had thus far played 27 matches on tour, scoring 801 points while conceding only 22, and all in only 88 days. They were struggling to field fifteen fit players; a number of their best players, including Stead, were unavailable due to injury.
The match was preceded by an All Black haka, to which the crowd responded with the Welsh national song "Land of my Fathers". Wales had developed tactics to negate the seven-man New Zealand scrum, and removed a man from their scrum to play as a "rover", equivalent to Gallaher's wing-forward position. Gallaher was consistently penalised by the Scottish referee, John Dallas, who held that the New Zealander was feeding the ball into the scrum incorrectly. This eventually compelled Gallaher to instruct his team not to contest the scrums, and therefore give Wales possession following each scrum. Bob Deans, playing at wing for New Zealand that day, later said that Dallas had gone "out to penalise Gallaherthere is no doubt about that". Teddy Morgan scored an unconverted try for Wales shortly before half-time to give the home side a 3–0 lead.
The New Zealand backs had been poor in the first half, and the side's general form was well below that of earlier in the tour. However New Zealand were generally perceived to be the better side in the second half, with the performance of the Welsh fullback Bert Winfield keeping his team in the game. The most controversial moment of the tour happened late in the second half. Wallace recovered a Welsh kick and cut across the field, and with only Winfield to beat, passed to the New Zealand wing Deans. What happened next has provoked intense debate: Deans was tackled by the Welsh and either fell short of the try-line, or placed the ball over it before being dragged back. Dallas, who had dressed in heavy clothing and was struggling to keep up with the pace of the game, was behind play. When he arrived he ruled that Deans was short of the try-line, and so did not award New Zealand a try. Play continued, but the All Blacks could not score, and Wales won 3–0. This was New Zealand's first loss of the tour.
Following the match Gallaher was asked if he was unhappy with any aspect of the game; he replied that "the better team won and I am content." When asked about Dallas's refereeing, he said: "I have always made it a point never to express a view regarding the referee in any match in which I have played". Gallaher was gracious in defeat, but Dixon was highly critical of both Dallas and the Welsh newspapers, who he accused of "violently and unjustly" attacking New Zealand's captain. Gallaher would later admit that he had been annoyed by this criticism, which he found unfair; he also pointed out that though the Welsh condemned the wing-forward position, they had themselves adopted some elements of it. Later during the tour, when discussing the issue of his feeding the ball into the scrum, he said:
Four more matches were contested in Wales, with Gallaher appearing in three. He played in the match against Glamorgan, won by New Zealand 9–0, but had his finger bitten, which was serious enough for him to miss the fixture against Newport. He returned to face Cardiff, the Welsh champions, on Boxing Day. Gallaher was again booed by the Welsh crowd, and once more the All Blacks were troubled in the scrum, this time after losing a player to injury. The New Zealanders won, but narrowly; Gallaher asserted after the match that Cardiff were the strongest club side they had met during the tour. New Zealand then faced Swansea in their last match in the British Isles. Gallaher again struggled to field a fit side, and at 3–0 down late in the match they were heading for their second defeat on tour. Wallace kicked a drop-goalthen worth four pointslate in the game to give the All Blacks a narrow 4–3 victory.
France, North America, and return
The side departed Wales and travelled to Paris, where they faced France on 1January 1906, in the home side's first ever Test match. The All Blacks led 18–3 at half time. After the French scored their second try, giving them 8 pointsthe most any team had scored against the All Blacksthe New Zealanders responded with six unanswered tries to win 38–8. They then returned to London, where they learned that New Zealand's Prime Minister, Richard Seddon, had arranged for them to return home via North America. Not all of the players were keen on the idea, and four did not make the trip, but the new plans did give the team over two weeks to spend in England before their departure.
Before the New Zealand squad left Britain for North America, the English publisher Henry Leach asked Stead and Gallaher to author a book on rugby tactics and play. They finished the task in under a fortnight and were each paid £50. Entitled The Complete Rugby Footballer, the book was 322 pages long and included chapters on tactics and play, as well as a summary of rugby's history in New Zealand including the 1905 tour. It was mainly authored by Stead, a bootmaker, with Gallaher contributing most of the diagrams. Gallaher almost certainly made some contributions to the text, including sections on Auckland club rugby, and on forward play. The book showed the All Blacks' tactics and planning to be superior to others of the time, and according to Matt Elliott is "marvellously astute"; it received universal acclaim on its publication. According to a 2011 assessment by ESPN's Graham Jenkins, it "remains one of the most influential books produced in the realms of rugby literature".
The New Zealanders travelled to New York City, where they played an exhibition game, then on to San Francisco. There they played two official matches against British Columbia, and won both easily. The tour programme thus ended; New Zealand had played 35 games and lost only once. Gallaher had played in 26 of those matches, including four Tests. Over their 32 matches in the British Isles New Zealand scored 830 points and conceded 39; overall they scored 976 points and conceded only 59. On their arrival back in New Zealand on 6March 1906, the All Blacks were welcomed by a crowd of 10,000 before being hosted at a civic reception in Auckland. Invited to speak at the reception, Gallaher said: "We did not go behind our back to talk about the Welshman, but candidly said that on that day the better team had won. I have one recommendation to make to the New Zealand [Rugby] Union, if it was to undertake such a tour again, and that is to play the Welsh matches first."
Aftermath and impact
The 1905–06 Originals are remembered as perhaps the greatest of All Black sides, and set the standard for all their successors. They introduced a number of innovations to Britain and Ireland, including specialised forward positions and unfamiliar variations in attacking plays. But while their success helped establish rugby as New Zealand's national sport and fed a growing sporting nationalism, the controversial wing-forward position contributed to strained ties with the Home Nations' rugby authorities. British and Irish administrators were also wary of New Zealand's commitment to the amateur ethos, and questioned their sportsmanship. According to the historian Geoffrey Vincent, many in the traditional rugby establishment believed that: "Excessive striving for victory introduced an unhealthy spirit of competition, transforming a character-building 'mock fight' into 'serious fighting'. Training and specialization degraded sport to the level of work."
The success of the Originals provoked plans for a professional team of players to tour England and play Northern Union clubs in what is now known as rugby league. Unlike rugby league, which was professional, rugby union was strictly amateur at the time, and in 1907 a professional team from New Zealand known as the "All Golds" (originally a play on "All Blacks") toured England and Wales before introducing rugby league to both New Zealand and Australia. According to historian Greg Ryan, the All Golds tour "confirmed many British suspicions about the rugby culture that had shaped the 1905 team."
These factors may have contributed to the gap between All Black tours of the British Islesthey next toured in 1924. The NZRFU was denied representation on the International Rugby Football Board (IRFB)composed exclusively of English, Irish, Scottish and Welsh membersuntil 1948. After complaining about the wing-forward for years, the Home Nations-administered IRFB made a series of law changes that effectively outlawed the position in 1931.
Auckland and All Black selector
Gallaher retired from playing after the All Blacks' tour, but remained involved in the sport as a coach and selector. He coached at age group level for Ponsonby and in 1906 succeeded Fred Murray as sole selector of the Auckland provincial team. He was Auckland selector until 1916; over this time Auckland played 65 games, won 48, lost 11 and drew 6. Gallaher did make a brief comeback as a playertravelling as the selector of an injury depleted Auckland team, he turned out against Marlborough at Blenheim in 1909; Marlborough won 8–3. He also played against the Maniapoto sub-union just over a week later. Auckland held the Ranfurly Shield from 1905 to 1913, successfully defending it 23 times. The team struggled to retain the shield during 1912 and 1913 and eventually lost it to Taranaki in a 14–11 defeat. During Gallaher's tenure as selector Auckland inflicted an 11–0 defeat of the touring 1908 Anglo-Welsh side, defeated the New Zealand Māori in 1910, and beat Australia 15–11 in 1913.
Gallaher was also a national selector from 1907 to 1914, and with George Nicholson co-coached the All Blacks against the 1908 Anglo-Welsh team. A number of Gallaher's team-mates from the 1905–06 tour were included in the New Zealand squad for the series; of three Tests, the All Blacks won two and drew the other. During Gallaher's incumbency as a national selector, New Zealand played 50 matches, won 44, lost four and drew two. This included 16 Tests, of which only one was lost and two drawn.
First World War
Although exempt from conscription due to his age, Gallaher enlisted in May 1916. While awaiting for his call-up to begin training he learnt that his younger brother Company Sergeant-Major Douglas Wallace Gallaher had been killed while serving with the 11th Australian Battalion at Laventie near Fromelles on 3June 1916. Douglas had been living in Perth, Australia prior to the war and had previously been wounded at Gallipoli. Biographer Matt Elliott describes it as a "myth" that Gallaher enlisted to avenge his younger brother; rather he claims that it was most likely due to "loyalty and duty".
After enlisting and completing his basic training at Trentham he was posted to 22nd Reinforcements, 2nd Battalion, Auckland Regiment within the New Zealand Division. Gallaher left New Zealand aboard the Aparima in February 1917 and reached Britain on 2May. Gallaher was a member of the ship's Sports Committee and spent time organising and practising for a planned rugby match at the Cape of Good Hopeit is unknown if the match ever took place. After arriving in England he was promoted to the rank of temporary sergeant and dispatched to Sling Camp for further training. His rank was confirmed as sergeant on 6June 1917.
Gallaher's unit fought in the Battle of Messines, near La Basse Ville, and in August and September 1917 they trained for the upcoming Passchendaele offensive. During the Battle of Broodseinde on 4October 1917 Gallaher was fatally wounded by a piece of shrapnel that penetrated through his helmet, and he died later that day at the 3rd Australian Casualty Clearing Station, Gravenstafel Spur. He was 43 years old.
Dave Gallaher is buried in grave No. 32513 at Nine Elms British Cemetery, which is west of Poperinge on the Helleketelweg, a road leading from the R33 Poperinge ring road in Belgium. His regulation gravestone, bearing the silver fern of New Zealand, incorrectly gives his age as 41. New Zealand sides touring Europe have since regularly visited his grave site. For his war service Gallaher was posthumously awarded the British War Medal and the Victory Medal. His brother Henry, who was a miner, served with the Australian 51st Battalion and was killed on 24April 1917. Henry's twin brother, Charles, also served in the war and survived being badly wounded at Gallipoli.
Personal life
On 10October 1906 Gallaher married "Nellie" Ellen Ivy May Francis at All Saints Anglican Church, Ponsonby, Auckland. Eleven years younger than Gallaher, Nellie was the daughter of Nora Francis and the sister of Arthur ('Bolla') Francisa fellow rugby player. For many years prior to the marriage Gallaher had boarded at the Francis family home where he had come to know Nellie. Both had also attended the All Saints Anglican Church where Nellie sang in the choir. With his limited income, and frequent absences from work playing rugby, Gallaher found boarding his best accommodation option. On 28September 1908 their daughter Nora Tahatu (later Nora Simpson) was born. Nellie Gallaher died in January 1969.
Gallaher's brother-in-law Bolla Francis played for Ponsonby, Auckland and New Zealand sides for a number of years, including when Gallaher was a selector. In 1911, at age 29, and in the twilight of his All Blacks' career, he decided to switch to the professional sport of rugby league. Francis went on to represent New Zealand in rugby league, making him a dual-code international. It is unlikely his switch to rugby league was done without Gallaher's knowledge. Francis did eventually return to rugby union as a coach.
Gallaher was also a member of the fraternal organisation the United Ancient Order of the Druids, and attended meetings fortnightly in Newton, not far from Ponsonby. He also played several sports in addition to rugby, including cricket, yachting and athletics.
Memorial and legacy
In 1922 the Auckland Rugby Football Union introduced the Gallaher Shield in his honour; it has since been awarded to the winner of the union's premier men's club competition. PonsonbyGallaher's old clubhave won the title more than any other club. At international level New Zealand and France contest the Dave Gallaher Trophy, which was first awarded when New Zealand defeated France on Armistice Day in 2000. In 2011 New Zealand's then oldest living All Black, Sir Fred Allen, unveiled a high bronze statue of Gallaher beside one of the entrances at Eden Park in Auckland. The statue was created by Malcolm Evans. Gallaher has been inducted into the International Rugby Hall of Fame, the World Rugby Hall of Fame, and the New Zealand Sports Hall of Fame.
In 2005 members of the All Blacks witnessed the unveiling of a plaque at Gallaher's birthplace in Ramelton, which was presented in conjunction with the renaming of Letterkenny RFC's home ground to Dave Gallaher Memorial Park. Gallaher's name is also incorporated into the club's crest. The ground was upgraded following its renaming, and in 2012 the Letterkenny section of the ground was opened by former All Black, and Ponsonby stalwart, Bryan Williams. An Ireland-produced documentary about Gallaher's life, The Donegal All Black, was aired in 2015. Later that year, a jersey worn by Gallaher during the 1905 British Isles tour was sold at auction in Cardiff for £180,000—nearly 10 times the previous record auction price for a rugby jersey.
Leadership and personality
"Gallaher played many dashing games," the British newspaper The Sportsman reported after his death, "and led his side from one success to another until they were deemed invincible. He was a veritable artist, who never deserved all the hard things said about him, especially in South Wales. A great player, a great judge of the game". Gallaher's military experience gave him an appreciation for "discipline, cohesion and steadiness under pressure." He was however quiet, even dour, and preferred to lead by example. He insisted players spend an hour "contemplating the game ahead" on match days, and also that they pay attention to detail. Original All Black Ernie Booth wrote of Gallaher: "To us All Blacks his words would often be, 'Give nothing away; take no chance.' As a skipper he was somewhat a disciplinarian, doubtless imbibed from his previous military experience in South Africa. Still, he treated us all like men, not kids, who were out to 'play the game' for good old New Zealand." Another contemporary said he was "perhaps not the greatest of wing-forwards, as such; but he was acutely skilled as a judge of men and moves".
Paul Verdon, in his history of All Black captains, Born to Lead, writes: "The overwhelming evidence suggests Gallaher's leadership style, honed from time spent in the Boer War, was very effective." Gallaher's biographer Matt Elliott asserts that in the century since his playing retirement "his reputation as a player and leader have only enhanced". According to historian Terry McLean: "In a long experience of reading and hearing about the man, one has never encountered, from the New Zealand angle, or from his fellow players, criticism of his qualities as a leader." In the view of the English rugby journalist E. H. D. Sewell, writing soon after Gallaher's death, the New Zealand captain was "a very quiet, taciturn sort of cove, who spoke rarely about football or his own achievements ... I never heard a soul who met him on that famous trip, say a disparaging word about him."
See also
List of international rugby union players killed in World War I
Footnotes
Notes
References
Sources
Books and articles
News
Web
External links
1873 births
1917 deaths
World Rugby Hall of Fame inductees
Irish emigrants to New Zealand
New Zealand international rugby union players
New Zealand military personnel killed in World War I
New Zealand military personnel of the Second Boer War
Rugby union players from Auckland
People from Ramelton
Rugby union players from County Donegal
Ponsonby RFC players
Rugby union hookers
Rugby union wing-forwards | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave%20Gallaher |
Centennial High School is a high school in Calgary, Alberta, Canada, teaching grades 10 through 12. The school's name was chosen as a reference to the 100th birthday of the province of Alberta in 2005, as the construction of the school was finished that year. The school opened for students to attend in 2004, while the school was still undergoing construction. The school is part of the Action for Bright Children Society.
Notable alumni
Alexa Gray (class of 2012), professional volleyball player
References
External links
Centennial's school website
School profile on the Calgary Board of Education website
High schools in Calgary
Educational institutions established in 2004
2004 establishments in Alberta | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centennial%20High%20School%20%28Calgary%29 |
Olomoucké tvarůžky (), also known as olomoucké syrečky () or tvargle (from its German name Olmützer Quargel), English: Olomouc cheese, Olomouc curd cheese) is a ripened soft cheese made in Loštice, Olomouc Region, Czech Republic. The cheese is very easy to recognize by its strong scent, distinctive pungent taste and yellowish colour. It is named after the city of Olomouc where it was originally sold.
Production
Tvarůžky is made from skimmed cow's milk without adding rennet, colourings, flavourings and stabilizers, and contains only 0.5% of fat.
History
The first written mention of this cheese is from 1452. In 1583, the name tvarůžky appeared for the first time.
Until the 19th century, Olomoucké tvarůžky was produced in the villages surrounding Olomouc, and was generally regarded as a peasant food. It was at this time that the cheese began to be referred to as Olomouc curd cheese. The A. W. Company has been making this cheese since 1876.
In the first decades of the 20th century there were still several dairies in Loštice that produced the cheese. Until the Holocaust some were belong to Jewish families: Langer, Eckstein, Klein and Wischnitzer.
Since 2010, 'Olomoucké tvarůžky' has been registered as a Protected Geographical Indication by the European Union.
In 2016, a shop in Loštice began producing a variety of ice cream based on the cheese.
Tourism
There is a museum devoted to the cheese at the A. W. Company production plant in Loštice.
See also
Harzer
References
External links
Traditional Czech products - Olomouc curd cheese
Czech cheeses
Šumperk District
Smear-ripened cheeses
Cheeses with designation of origin protected in the European Union
Cow's-milk cheeses
Peasant food | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olomouck%C3%A9%20tvar%C5%AF%C5%BEky |
St. Theresa of Lisieux Catholic High School is a Catholic high school in Richmond Hill, a suburb of the Greater Toronto Area in Canada. The school is named after St. Theresa of Lisieux. The school was founded by the York Catholic District School Board in 2002. The first graduating class was that of 2005. The graduating class of 2006 was the first class to have gone through all four grades at this school.
The school team name is The Lions, with the mascot being Roary the Lion. St. Theresa's athletics offers a wide variety of sports and other recreational events held throughout the school year.
St. Theresa of Lisieux Catholic High School also offers the AP (Advanced Placement) and pre-AP program for students. Students in this regular program have the opportunity to participate in differentiated courses in English, Mathematics, Science, and Social Sciences.
Academics
St. Theresa of Lisieux currently ranks 8th in Ontario out of 739 high schools according to the Fraser Institute.
Sports teams
As of 2023 St. Theresa of Lisieux offers the following sports teams:
Boys' Volleyball
Boys' Soccer
Cross Country
Girls' Basketball
Golf
Tennis
Girls' Field Hockey
Boys' Rugby 7s
Girls' Rugby 7s
Swimming
Boys' Basketball
Boys' Hockey
Girls' Varsity Hockey
Girls' Volleyball
Table Tennis
Badminton
Boys' Baseball
Boys' Rugby
Girls' Rugby
Girls' Slo Pitch
Girls' Soccer
Girls' Softball
Track and Field
Ultimate Frisbee
Controversies
Marianna Riossi, a teacher at St. Theresa of Lisieux Catholic High School, had been charged with three counts of sexual assault and three of sexual exploitation on February 8, 2018, after she allegedly had a sexual relationship with a teenage male student.
Anthony Ganuelas, a teacher at St. Theresa of Lisieux Catholic High School, had been charged with two counts of sexual assault on January 8, 2019, after an investigation by York Regional Police.
Christopher Ng, a teacher at St. Theresa of Lisieux Catholic High School, had been charged with sexual assault and two counts of sexual exploitation of an underage student on February 11, 2020.
See also
List of high schools in Ontario
Notes
External links
St. Theresa of Lisieux Catholic High School
York Catholic District School Board
Educational institutions established in 2002
High schools in the Regional Municipality of York
Catholic secondary schools in Ontario
Education in Richmond Hill, Ontario
2002 establishments in Ontario | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St.%20Theresa%20of%20Lisieux%20Catholic%20High%20School |
{{Infobox comics creator
| image = 4.11.15DavidGallaherByLuigiNovi1.jpg
| caption = Gallaher at the 2015 East Coast Comicon in Secaucus, New Jersey
| birth_date =
| birth_name = David Matthew Gallaher
| birth_place = Honolulu, Hawaii, U.S.
| death_date =
| death_place =
| nationality = American
| cartoonist =
| write = y
| art =
| pencil =
| ink =
| edit = y
| publish =
| letter =
| color =
| alias = Dave GallaherDr. Gallaher(miscredited as Ken Wolak, David Gallagher)
| notable works = 'Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon Breakpoint,Vampire: The MasqueradeYours Truly, Johnny DollarHigh MoonBox 13Hulk: Winter Guard| awards = 2007 Creative Excellence in Advertising AwardComic Foundry Breakout Creator of 082008 Creative Excellence in Advertising Award2009 Creative Excellence in Advertising Award2009 Harvey Award for High Moon| website = http://www.davidgallaher.com
}}
David Matthew Gallaher (born June 5, 1975) is an American video game writer, comics writer, podcaster and editor, known primarily for his work in comics and video games: Tom Clancy's Ghost Recon Breakpoint, Vampire: The Masquerade, Yours Truly, Johnny Dollar, High Moon, Box 13, The Only Living Boy and 'The Only Living Girl'. His clients include Marvel Comics, the CBLDF, Harris Publications and McGraw-Hill. He also helped create ad campaigns for the New York City Police Department.
Early life
Gallaher's family did not own a television until he was five years old. The first film he saw was the 1978 Superman movie. When his family finally obtained a television, he enjoyed Shazam!, Spider-Man and His Amazing Friends, Super Friends, The Incredible Hulk and Batman. Shortly after, he read his first comic Power Man and Iron Fist. When he was 7, his mother bought a book for Gallaher which featured superhero designs one could trace.
During Boy Scout summer camp in '88, Gallaher and became an avid reader of Captain America, Fantastic Four, West Coast Avengers, and Speedball. Gallaher cites John Byrne's "Vision Quest" storyline in West Coast Avengers as a story that had significant influence on him. He became a fan of Byrne's, particularly his work on Namor.
A graduate of Frederick High School, Gallaher attended Hood College in Maryland, double-majoring in both Special Education and Psychology. During his junior year, despite his love for teaching, he felt compelled to write. He switched to Goddard College on learning that David Mamet, William H. Macy, and Piers Anthony studied there. The school allowed him to create his own curriculum to major in Comics. He also taught a comics class to seniors and juniors with the work of Garth Ennis and Warren Ellis included as part of the curriculum.
Career
After graduating from Goddard, Gallaher drew a crude version of his résumé as a six-panel comic strip and faxed it to Marvel Comics. The next day, he received a call to work at Marvel as an intern for the Interactive and Marketing department. After a week, he was hired as the department production editor, editing digital comics, training interns, researching material, writing character biographies and developing websites.
His work as a creator at Marvel includes Hulk: Winter Guard and Darkstar and the Winter Guard.
In late 2001, Gallaher met Joe Gentile of Moonstone Books at the Detroit Motor City Comic Con. Gentile encouraged Gallahar to submit for the Moonstone Noir Line and was hired to write Yours Truly, Johnny Dollar. He wrote single issues of comics for Annex (Chalk Outline Studios), Immortals Gods and Heroes (Archaia), Deadlands (IDW and Image Comics), More Fund Comics (Sky Dog Press), and Vampirella #8-10 (Harris). He also wrote articles for Marvel Comics and Visual Opinions Magazine.
In advertising, Gallaher worked on several successful campaigns for the New York Police Department including a multimedia presentation CD Rom which won the 2007 CEA Award, and the 2008 "My NYPD" and "Only in NY, Only in The NYPD" campaigns which also won CEA Awards in 2008 and 2009. He also worked on books about marketing and computers, such as Introduction to Web Databases and Networking Tools 2.0.
In 2008, Gallaher was named as a 'Breakout Creator' by Comic Foundry magazine. In October 2009, Gallaher earned a Harvey Award for his work on the series High Moon.
In July 2011, Gallaher worked as consulting editor on a broad range of titles for Kodansha including Sailor Moon, Gon, Negima and Arisa. In July 2012, he and artist Steve Ellis formed Bottled Lightning Studios to self-publish their comics. Gallaher wrote 2 issues of Green Lantern Corps for DC Comics during the "Convergence" storyline.
In 2018, Papercutz announced it would publish the spin-off series to The Only Living Boy, The Only Living Girl with David Gallaher and Steve Ellis resuming their young-adult children's adventure series.
In February 2019, Gallaher became the co-host of the For The Love Of Comics podcast with Adam Vermillion. In June 2019, it was announced that David Gallaher would be one of the writers on Ubisoft's Ghost Recon series.
In October 2019, Gallaher and his studio were hired by the Children's Tumor Foundation to release a series of comic strips to promote the awareness of neurofibromatosis.
Awards
Gallaher's creation High Moon (with collaborator Steve Ellis and Scott O. Brown) won the "Best Online Comic" and was nominated for a ‘Best New Series’ Harvey Award for 2009.
Gallaher's was again nominated for a 2010 Harvey Award for "Best Online Comic" for High Moon
Gallaher (with collaborator Steve Ellis and Scott O. Brown) was nominated for a 2014 Harvey Award for "The Only Living Boy" in the "Best Graphic Publication for Young Readers" category
Gallaher was nominated for a 2016 Harvey Award for "The Only Living Boy" in the "Best Graphic Publication for Young Readers" category
Gallaher's work The Only Living Boy Omnibus received a nomination for "Best Presentation in Design" category
Gallaher's (and his team's work) on Ghost Recon: Breakpoint received the 'Best PC Game' in the Gamescom Awards 2019.
Personal life
Gallaher has epilepsy.Parkin, JK (October 9, 2009). "Gallaher and Ellis on What’s Inside 'Box 13'". Comic Book Resources. He is divorced (having been previously married to comics writer/editor Valerie D'Orazio) and lives in Paris, France.
Bibliography
Amazon Studios
It Came In The Mail storyboards with artist Steve Ellis
Archaia
Immortals: Gods & Heroes with artist Kevin Colden
Bottled Lightning
The Altern80s with artist Kevin Colden
comiXology
Box 13 (with artist and co-creator Steve Ellis)
Box 13: The Pandora Process (with artist and co-creator Steve Ellis)
DC Comics
High Moon - Zuda webcomic imprint (with artist and co-creator Steve Ellis)
Green Lantern Corps (with artist and co-creator Steve Ellis)
Image Comics
Deadlands: The Devil's Six Gun (with artist and co-creator Steve Ellis)
Marvel Comics
Iron Man: Threaded Web
Untold Tales of Spider-Man: Threaded Web
Hulk: Winter Guard
Darkstar and The Winter GuardMoonstone Books
Vampire: The Masquerade Blood and Shadows
Yours Truly, Jonny Dollar: The Brief Candle Matter
Moonstone Monsters: Ghosts (incorrectly credited as Ken Wolak)
Papercutz
The Only Living Boy (with artist and co-creator Steve Ellis)
The Only Living Girl'' (with artist and co-creator Steve Ellis)
Skydog Press
More Fund Comics
Ubisoft
Ghost Recon: Wildlands
Ghost Recon: Breakpoint
Notes
References
External links
Yours Truly, Johnny Dollar graphic novel illustrated by Eric Theriault, written by David Gallaher
Interviews
Interview at 2008's New York Comic Con with comiXology
Podcast interview with David at comiXology
CBEM: Interview With David Gallaher
1975 births
American male bloggers
American bloggers
Goddard College alumni
Hood College alumni
Writers from Brooklyn
Writers from Honolulu
Living people
American webcomic creators
American comics writers
Marvel Comics people
People with epilepsy | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Gallaher |
Pingxiang () is a county-level city under the administration of the prefecture-level city of Chongzuo, in the southwest of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, China.
Situation
The city covers an area of . It is bordered in the north by Longzhou County and in the east by Ningming County, both in Chongzuo, and in the south and west by Vietnam's Lạng Sơn Province.
National Route 322 comes through the city centre, as does the railway which continues on to Hanoi; a high-speed expressway, now also international, passes nearby.
Zhennan Pass, site of the Battle of Bang Bo during the Sino-French War, is now named the "Friendship Pass" and is considered the gateway to Vietnam.
There are also plans to build a high-speed railway from Nanning to the Vietnamese border.
Administration
Demographics
Pingxiang has a population of approximately 106,400 (83.5% of the people belong to the Zhuang ethnic group, 2010). Ethnic groups include Zhuang, Han, Yao, Miao, Jing, and others.
Towns (, zhen)
Pingxiang ()
Shangshi ()
Xiashi ()
Youyi ()
Transportation
Rail
Hunan–Guangxi Railway
Climate
See also
Lang Son
Notes and references
County-level divisions of Guangxi
China–Vietnam border crossings
Chongzuo
Cities in Guangxi | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pingxiang%2C%20Guangxi |
Mr. Fullswing (stylized as Mr.FULLSWING), also known as MisuFuru (ミスフル), is a Japanese baseball-themed manga series written and illustrated by Shinya Suzuki. It was serialized in Shueisha's Weekly Shōnen Jump magazine from May 2001 to May 2006, with its chapters collected in 24 tankōbon volumes. The series follows Amakuni Saruno, a loser at attracting girls, perverted and prone to getting into trouble, yet he has great strength of heart and body. He is accompanied by Kengo Sawamatsu, and the pair work together in order to fulfill Saruno's dream: dating Nagi Torii, Junishi baseball team manager. Determined to win Nagi's heart, Saruno enters the Junishi baseball club, despite being a complete amateur at baseball, only to find many obstacles, as well as new friends and rivals awaiting him there.
Plot
Amakuni Saruno is a 15-year-old student of Junishi High School. As a teenage boy, he desperately tries to find a girlfriend. Being fed up with seeing all the girls fall in love with high school athletes, he decides to join a sports-club himself. He starts looking around at the different sports clubs with the guidance of his friend, Kengo Sawamatsu. They go to check out the weight lifting club (of which there is only one member, a large, frighteningly buff guy), only for Saruno to see a girl that he assumes to be the manager of the club and show off for her. After sufficiently hurting himself, he helps the girl, Nagi Torii, carry some weights off somewhere and while talking to her finds out that she is actually a manager for the baseball club, not the weight lifting club. Saruno decides to join the baseball club so he can win the heart of Torii.
In joining the club, Saruno finds himself to be very weak compared to other tryouts, surpassing others only in hitting ball. He barely manages to get into last test phase, 5-innings training.
He, with other low-ranked entrees, has to survive 5-innings against team composed of high-ranked entrees. In this game, he met Chounosuke Nezu (pitcher), Mei Inukai (pitcher), Pino Tomaru (second), Aoi Shiba (shortstop), Shinji Tatsuragawa (catcher), that forms core of baseball team. In process, Saruno's team manages to pass the test with Saruno breaking the Muranaka record, hitting the school clock. After the entry test, Saruno again finds himself underpowered against seniors of Junishi baseball club. Regular players of Junishi shows their own strengths, which makes them regular.
Two weeks after intense training, the team sets out to Izu, to find more intense training awaits. It is also selection test for regular team players.
Characters
Third baseman. Saruno is a fifteen-year-old freshman in high school. He is loud, obnoxious, perverted and often cracks corny jokes. Saruno tries several sports clubs in his desperation to find a girlfriend and finally settles on baseball in an attempt to win the affections of its manager, Torii Nagi, a polite and sweet girl who used to play softball. Saruno acts before he thinks and constantly exaggerates his baseball abilities despite the fact that he is a complete beginner. But although his bragging is empty, he has an amazingly powerful swing and has the potential to become a great baseball player. He is the only person to have surpassed Juunishi's legendary "Mr. Fullswing" Muranaka by accomplishing the same feat that earned Muranaka his record: hitting the school clock with a baseball from the baseball field.
Baseball team manager. She is a polite, sweet, supportive and quiet girl who used to play softball in junior high. She loves baseball and wants to be around the sport even though she can not play it very well. She is the reason that Saruno decides to join the baseball club.
Saruno's best friend and adviser. Their friendship is questionable sometimes, though, as they make fun, yell at and fight each other often. Sawamatsu helps Saruno train for the entrance exam to the baseball club.
Publication
Written and illustrated by , Mr. Fullswing was serialized for five years in Shueisha's shōnen manga magazine Weekly Shōnen Jump from May 8, 2001, to May 8, 2006. Shueisha collected its 227 chapters in twenty-four tankōbon volumes, released from November 2, 2001, to September 4, 2006. Shueisha republished the series in fifteen bunkoban volumes, released from October 18, 2011, to May 18, 2012.
Notes
References
Further reading
External links
Comedy anime and manga
Baseball in anime and manga
School life in anime and manga
Shōnen manga
Shueisha manga | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mr.%20Fullswing |
There are many different types of gliding possum, sometimes referred to as volplane possum, flying phalangers, or simply as gliders:
Australian gliders
Feathertail glider or pygmy gliding possum, Acrobates pygmaeus
Greater glider, Petauroides volans
Mahogany glider, Petaurus gracilis
Squirrel glider, Petaurus norfolcensis
Sugar glider, Petaurus breviceps
Yellow-bellied glider or fluffy glider, Petaurus australis
New Guinea gliders
Biak glider, Petaurus biacensis
Northern glider, Petaurus abidi
A characteristic of all species of marsupial gliders is the partially fused (syndactylous) second and third digits on the hind feet. They achieve gliding flight by use of membranes called patagia.
References
Diprotodonts | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gliding%20possum |
Maximus (otherwise known as Maximus the Mad) is a supervillain appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. The character has been depicted both as a member of and antagonist to the Inhumans. Created by writer Stan Lee and artist Jack Kirby, he first appeared in Fantastic Four #47 (February 1966).
Maximus was portrayed in 2017 Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) television series Inhumans by Iwan Rheon and Aidan Fiske.
Publication history
Maximus first appeared in Fantastic Four #47 (February 1966), and was created by Stan Lee and Jack Kirby.
Fictional character biography
Maximus, an Inhuman, was the second son of two of Attilan's top geneticists, Agon, the head of the ruling Council of Geneticists, and Rynda, director of the Prenatal Care Center. Subjected to the DNA-altering Terrigen Mist when he was an infant, Maximus peculiarly showed no outward sign of any mutagenic change. As he matured, he hid his developing psionic powers from the community, but was less successful at disguising his antisocial tendencies.
When he was about sixteen, his elder brother Black Bolt was released from the protective chamber in which he had been confined since birth due to the destructive nature of his Terrigen mutation. One of Maximus's first responses to his brother's freedom was an unsuccessful attempt to make him release his power and prove Black Bolt could not control his sonic powers, and thus lose his freedom. A month later, Black Bolt witnesses Maximus making a treacherous pact with an emissary of the Kree, the alien race responsible for genetically accelerating the Inhumans eons before. In an attempt to stop the fleeing emissary so that he could be questioned by the ruling council, Black Bolt uses his forbidden power of the quasi-sonic scream and blasts the alien ship out of the sky. When the ship crashes to Earth, it landed on the parliament building, killing several key members of the Genetics Council, including the boys' parents. The reverberations of Black Bolt's voice also affects Maximus, addling his sanity and suppressing his nascent mental powers. When Black Bolt assumes the throne shortly thereafter, Maximus vows to oppose his brother and eventually usurp his rule.
Maximus stages his first successful coup a few years later. By performing an illegal experiment on the Alpha Primitives, the subhuman worker clones that once served the Inhumans, Maximus creates the Trikon, three bodiless energy beings of great destructive power. While the Trikon wreaks havoc in Attilan, Maximus is able to drive the Royal Family of Inhumans out of the city. Maximus later sends Gorgon in search of the amnesiac Medusa. In the several year interval before Black Bolt and his cousins locate her in America, Maximus rules Attilan in Black Bolt's stead. Secure in his position, Maximus has his servant, the Seeker, locate the Royal Family and bring them back to Attilan. Upon doing so, Black Bolt seizes the crown back, to Maximus' dismay. Maximus also encounters the Fantastic Four for the first time. Maximus, hoping to win back the public's affection, activates the Atmo-Gun device he has been working on, a machine he believes will kill the human race and leave all other living beings intact. Maximus miscalculates, however, and the device has no effect. Out of spite, Maximus uses the device to erect a "negative zone" barrier (not to be confused with the anti-matter dimension of that name) that encases Attilan in a dark force sphere, imprisoning the entire race inside. Black Bolt liberates his people by using his quasi-sonic voice to destroy the barrier, at the price of devastating Attilan's ancient architecture.
Maximus then allies himself with six Inhuman criminals, sentenced for their treachery and subversive acts by Black Bolt with his verdict being interpreted by Oracle. Freeing Falcona, Aireo, Stallior, Nebulo, Leonus, and Timberius from their place of imprisonment with the Hulk's aid, Maximus then tricks the Hulk into breaching the protective barrier guarding a forbidden chemical substance created by the Inhuman scientist Romnar centuries ago. This substance had certain highly unstable energy absorbing capacities and Maximus intends to use it to usurp the throne again, but Black Bolt overpowers him before he can do so.
Maximus succeeds in bringing about his second coup some months later. Drugging the Royal Family with will-deadening "hypno-potions", Maximus takes the crown from Black Bolt and has the Royal Family imprisoned. Before he can activate his Hypno-Gun, which he believes will make all mankind surrender to his will, the Royal Family escapes and subdues him. Escaping Attilan with his band of renegades in a rocket, Maximus lands in the South American country of Costa Salvador, and attempts to build a will-deadening device similar to his Hypno-Gun. His plans are opposed by the Hulk and the United States Army, however, and he and his allies are forced to flee again.
Maximus later foments a battle between the Royal Family and the Fantastic Four. Returning to Attilan, Maximus is welcomed back by his brother Black Bolt, who prefers Maximus to be somewhere he can be watched. Black Bolt detects that Maximus's psionic powers, suppressed since he was an adolescent, are beginning to return. Offering no explanation, Black Bolt has Maximus placed in a suspended animation capsule, inside which he cannot use his powers. Black Bolt's cousin Gorgon, however, objects to Black Bolt's inhumane treatment of Maximus and frees the latter. Maximus immediately uses his mental powers to subjugate the minds of the Inhuman populace and to give Black Bolt amnesia. Maximus then restores the dark force barrier around Attilan and begins negotiations with the alien Kree to sell certain Inhumans to the Kree to be used as soldiers. Eventually Black Bolt's memory returns, and alongside the Avengers, he returns to Attilan and once again destroys the barrier. The Avengers drive the Kree agent away before he can accomplish his mission and Black Bolt liberates the enslaved Inhumans.
With his mental powers traumatically submerged, Maximus escapes strict punishment for his treachery by feigning insanity. He then begins work on his next project to usurp the throne, the construction of the android Omega, whose power source is supposedly the collective guilt evinced by the Inhuman populace over their treatment of the subhuman Alpha Primitives. The Fantastic Four helps the Royal Family thwart the construct, and the damage it causes was slight. Maximus stages his fourth successful coup a short time later after the Royal Family briefly leaves Attilan on business. Taking Crystal and her husband Quicksilver captive, Maximus forces Black Bolt to give him the crown in order to spare their lives. Black Bolt does so, and allows himself to be placed in captivity. Maximus reestablishes contact with the Kree and negotiates a deal where the Kree would take all of the Inhumans with extraordinary abilities, leaving him the other half of the population to rule. Triton and Karnak rescue most of Maximus's captives and outwit the Kree agent Shatterstar. Unaware of that victory, Black Bolt lets loose with his quasi-sonic scream in agony, once again leveling the city. Angered by what had happened, Black Bolt strikes Maximus for the first time and has him imprisoned.
Maximus then allies himself with the Enclave, a band of human scientists who capture Medusa. The Enclave wants to conquer Attilan and dispatches an aerial strike force. When the Enclave threatens to execute Medusa, however, Maximus turns on them out of unrequited passion for his brother's betrothed. A weapon Maximus is manning overloads, leaving Maximus in a deathlike coma. Black Bolt has his brother's body placed in a special crypt, and when Attilan is transported from the Earth to the Moon, Maximus accompanies it. On the moon, Maximus's mind makes contact with an alien power crystal located there, and it reawakened his dormant mental powers. When Black Bolt next comes to pay his respects to his brother, Maximus is able to use his power to affect a transfer of consciousness between them. For several months Maximus rules Attilan in Black Bolt's body as Black Bolt lay imprisoned. Reestablishing contact with the Enclave, Maximus helps them implement meteoroid launchers with which they intend to bombard Earth. With the aid of the Avengers, Maximus' switch is discovered, and the Enclave's schemes are foiled. Maximus is forced to return to his rightful body and was once again placed in solitary confinement.
His next plot carried out from his prison cell involves the Inhuman Woz, and almost results in Attilan being conquered by Earth forces. It is foiled by Black Bolt and Medusa, who arrange for Attilan to be teleported away before its destruction.
Silent War
During the 2007 miniseries Silent War, Maximus again plots his revenge, taunting Black Bolt from his prison and trying to sway a distressed Medusa on his side. He manages to convince Medusa to try to have Luna help "cure" him, only for Luna to realize too late that the "cure" instead allows Maximus to gain control over all the other Inhumans. After the enhanced Marines managed to destroy Attilan, Maximus usurps the throne of the Inhumans from Black Bolt, taking Medusa as his queen, and announcing a new plan to conquer Earth.
"Secret Invasion"
During the 2008 "Secret Invasion" storyline, Maximus was initially indifferent to the threat of the Skrulls. When it was discovered that Ahura was a Skrull in disguise, however, Maximus defeated it.
"War of Kings"
In the 2009 "War of Kings", storyline Black Bolt has retaken the throne of the Inhumans. Maximus is still free and serves as Black Bolt's science advisor, devising war machines for the Kree to use against their adversaries, the Shi'ar. After Black Bolt's vanishing, during a time when the ruling of the various empires is up for dispute, Maximus is seen under the close supervision of Gorgon. His desires for something, anything to rule, are swiftly dismissed.
"Death of the Inhumans"
In the pages of "Death of the Inhumans," Maximus is at New Arctilan when the Kree begin their campaign to get the Inhumans to join them or die. The Super-Inhuman Vox and the Kree with him are on New Arctilan and began murdering every Inhuman they come across, old or new. Armed with all of the Inhumans’ abilities and no humanity, Vox easily cuts his prey down with his powers or his literal energy scythe. Even Maximus cannot defeat Vox as he quickly losing an arm for even making the attempt. Pretty soon, Lockjaw arrived and stood up with Maximus to attempt to stop Vox on their own but things did not go so well and Vox fired an enormous blast, ripping a hole in both of them. It was later revealed that the Kree took his body and placed it in a Vox costume where he was brainwashed to serve the Kree. When Beta Ray Bill took down Vox during his confrontation with Black Bolt, it broke the brainwashing on Maximus as something on Vox's costume teleported her away while also killing Maximus.
Powers and abilities
Maximus has a genius-level intellect and great inventiveness. His mental powers granted by the mutagenic effects from exposure to Terrigen Mist give him the ability to numb, override, and even wipe out a person's mind. He has the ability to induce short-term amnesia in others, and the ability to exchange his consciousness with another's. Maximus's mental powers have a limited range as well as variability - he can only affect minds in a certain radius and only create one effect at a time. His influence generally functions while Maximus concentrates, but he has left long-buried influence in his subjects as well, which he can trigger by voice command, causing a subject to carry out embedded commands, forget, or remember.
Maximus's mental instability often prevents him from making full use of his powers.
Maximus is superhumanly intelligent. He is an extraordinarily gifted inventor, with advanced knowledge of physics, mechanics, and biology. He has invented an Atmo-gun (able to create seismic shockwaves and "negative zone" force fields), and a Hypno-gun (able to control minds at a far distance).
Even without using the Terrigen Mist, the Kree modifications, combined with centuries of selective breeding, have given all Inhumans certain advantages. Their average lifespan is 150 years and an Inhuman in good physical condition possesses strength, reaction time, speed, and endurance greater than the finest of human athletes. Inhumans who are in excellent physical shape can lift one ton and are physically slightly superior to the peak of normal human physical achievement. Most Inhumans are used to living in a pollution-free, germ-free environment and have difficulty tolerating air and water pollution for any length of time.
Other versions
"Age of Apocalypse"
In the alternate timeline seen in the 1995–1996 "Age of Apocalypse" storyline, Maximus was a Horseman of Apocalypse, the Horseman of Death. He operates on the Blue Area of the Moon, aboard Ship, Apocalypse's Celestial starship, whose sentient artificial intelligence is known as Ship. Maximus is served by his personal strikeforce formed by clones of the Inhuman Royal Family, which he had murdered himself, altered into monstrous forms by the Terrigen Mists, which Death has offered Apocalypse in exchange for his position. Maximus also experiments on Sunfire, who has been captured by Holocaust after the destruction of Japan, leaving him unable to control his powers. When the X-Men appear on the Moon, believing Apocalypse to be hibernating on Ship, Maximus capture the X-Men and seeks to transform them into his servants, with which he will overthrow Apocalypse. However, Cyclops, who has been sent to ensure the transfer of the Mists, attacks the betrayer Death and liberate the X-Men with the aid of Blink. Maximus dies, alongside his servants, in the destruction of Ship caused by Sunfire, whose powers flare out of control after he was released.
Marvel Knights 2099
In an alternate take on Marvel 2099, called Marvel Knights 2099, the Inhumans are in a space station named Attilan, having left Earth decades ago. Here they await the cryogenic awakening of Black Bolt. The leader of the Council greets Black Bolt and has Lockjaw teleport them to the throne room for privacy. The leader announces that he killed the rest of the Inhumans Royal Family in cryogenic suspension, taking special pleasure in killing Medusa, and took over. The leader reveals himself as Maximus, to Black Bolt's shock and anger, saying that he has used implants to extend his life in order to see Black Bolt vulnerable, at his boiling point. Maximus pleads with Black Bolt to release his power and destroy everything - the station, the legacy, and Maximus himself. Black Bolt finally lets go and in one whisper, destroys everything. The one shot ends with Black Bolt crying and dying in space among the wreckage.
Ultimate Marvel
In the Ultimate Marvel reality, Maximus is introduced in Ultimate Fantastic Four Annual #1 along with the other Inhumans. He is the brother of Black Bolt and the fiancé of Crystal. She refuses to marry him referring to him as a "stunted little peacock" and calling him mad.
In other media
Television
Maximus appeared in the 1994 Fantastic Four series, voiced by Mark Hamill.
Maximus appears in the Inhumans motion comic, voiced by Brian Drummond.
Maximus appears in the Hulk and the Agents of S.M.A.S.H. episode "Inhuman Nature", voiced by Nolan North. In secret, he builds a weapon that will end all humanity, yet would be ineffective against Inhumans. Only Crystal is aware of this weapon upon discovering her plan. For most episodes that the other Inhumans have, combat the Agents of S.M.A.S.H. He is finally discovered and defeated for his betrayal, even though he reactivates the barrier that protects the city Attilan, from the rest of the world, but is ultimately destroyed by Black Bolt.
Maximus appears in the Ultimate Spider-Man episode "Inhumanity", voiced again by Nolan North. He is behind the mind control of the royal family of Inhumans (when he was betrayed by what happened in Hulk and the Agents of S.M.A.S.H.), he escaped from his cell, seized Attilan and is crowned king, as part of his plan to have the Inhumans in declaring war on S.H.I.E.L.D. dropping Attilan in Manhattan. When trying Máximus on his mind control with Spider-Man, Triton uses the Gyro-Cube to delay Máximus so they can find Black Bolt. Being dug into the palace by Black Bolt, Spider-Man and Triton are confronted by Maximus and the brainwashing in the royal family as Maximus prepares to release Attilan in Manhattan. Máximus also claims that he plans to hunt down all of humanity in order to make Earth an inhuman world. Triton challenges Maximus to a battle with Spider-Man helping to fight Gorgon. As Maximus tries to use his mind control on Triton by claiming that humans are evil, Spider-Man attacks Maximus and destroys the crown, freeing the royal family of Inhumans from their mind control. As Maximus claims that Attilan will still crush Manhattan with humanity, Spider-Man uses his web to Maximus's mouth to shut him up.
Maximus appears in Guardians of the Galaxy, now voiced by Diedrich Bader. In "Crystal Blue Persuasion", while devising a cure for the Terrigena plague that had caused the Inhumans to grow crystals in their bodies, Maximus was working on mind control technology to control Black Bolt, as part of his plan to pledge allegiance to the Kree. It escaped Drax the Destroyer, Rocket Raccoon and Groot in the thought that he was the ruler of the Inhumans until Star-Lord, Gamora, Medusa, and Lockjaw arrived. Maximus then releases Black Bolt from his ecstasy capsule and has it attacked by the Guardians of the Galaxy alongside the crystallized Alpha Primitives. When Ronan the Accuser arrives in Attilan, Maximus swears allegiance to the Inhumans and the Kree due to the story of having created the Kree Inhumans. Ronan the Accuser goes back on his contract and steals Maximus' mind control helmet by having Black Bolt with him and Star-Lord teleports to the Terrigen Crystals caverns below Attilan. After the Terrigen plague was eliminated and Ronan the Accuser was repelled, Maximus was locked in the Attilan dungeon. In "Inhuman Touch", Star-Lord visits Maximus in his cell to see what he knows about the Cosmic Seed. Máximus tricks Star-Lord into giving him a pencil that allows him to escape from his prison. Maximus first begins by taking control of the Inhumans. Rocket and Groot disable the broadcast. So Maximus uses his Terrigena cannon in a plot to bombard the nearest planet. Star-Lord, Groot, Karnak, and Medusa take it to destroy it from within. When Máximus tries to escape at Milano, Star-Lord and Black Bolt follow him and sneak into Milano. Star-Lord tricks Maximus into hitting the play button on the cassette, claiming that it is a self-destruct button, which plays music that allows Black Bolt to knock Máximus out.
Maximus appears in the Avengers Assemble episode "Civil War, Part 1: The Fall of Attilan", voiced again by Diedrich Bader. He was seen with some armed shock groups wreaking havoc in Las Vegas, where he was planning to detonate a Terrigen bomb as a weapon only to be defeated by the Avengers and turned over to inhuman guards in New Attilan to be adopted for a New Attilan Processing Center. On his way to being taken to jail, Maximus brainwashed Inferno to wreak havoc on New Attilan, enough to blow up the explosives that Máximus clocked. He managed to escape while creating a force field to contain everyone in the city from exploding. After the Avengers and the royal family of Inhumans evacuate everyone, from New Attilan and Inferno surrendering himself by Truman Marsh's guards, the Hulk had apprehended Maximus, who had left the Inhumans exposed to the human race. As Maximus tries to run, Black Bolt carries it out with his voice speaking, "Brother."
Iwan Rheon portrays Maximus in the live-action Marvel Cinematic Universe (MCU) television series Inhumans, while his child self is portrayed by Aidan Fiske. It is revealed that Maximus' Terrigenesis made him human causing him much envy towards Black Bolt, especially since their father, Agon, has denied Maximus his desire to rule. He stages a coup with the help of Auran and the Inhuman Royal Guards that are on his side while the rest of the Royal Family flee to Hawaii through Lockjaw. Though Lockjaw is stunned by Pulsus and Crystal is placed under house arrest. He attempts to have Crystal support him, but she rebels and flees to Hawaii as well, leaving Maximus to convince the council of the Royal Family's incompetence. He further sends out dangerous Inhumans, such as Mordis, to hunt the Royal Family. Maximus further has the human Dr. Evan Declan working for him so that he can study Black Bolt and hopefully use his DNA to create a new Terrigenesis for him. Maximus learns of Auran's position with Declan, but informs her to not tell him of her association with him. Maximus believes that in order for "his" people to gain freedom they have to earn it, therefore he sends Inhumans to hunt his family. Unbeknownst to him, some of the people of Attilan are plotting against him. He later finds out through genetic council member Tibor and has him and his conspirators killed as an example while asking the prophetic Inhuman Bronaja to pick a side. Maximus is reunited with his family for a parley. However, he cheats his family by taking Declan and forces him to prepare a second Terrigenesis. When he is alerted of his family's next move, he tries to escape, but is captured by Triton. He is brought to Black Bolt and tells him that he installed a failsafe so that if he kills him, Attilan will be destroyed. Maximus refuses to give up the throne or stop the dome over the city from collapsing and learns through Bronaja that he will remain the King of Attilan and that Black Bolt was nowhere in sight. Soon, Auran leaves him as the whole city and the Royal Family, sans Black Bolt, escape to Earth. Maximus reveals to Black Bolt that he indirectly killed his parents when he forged a signature for Black Bolt to get lobotomized. Maximus is knocked out and trapped in Attilan's bunker. As he looks at the well stocked room, Maximus realizes that he is still the king of Attilan and that Black Bolt has in fact left him as its only population as Bronaja predicted.
Maximus appears in the anime series Marvel Future Avengers, voiced by Hiroki Takahashi in Japanese and Michael Sinterniklaas in English. He orchestrates the events of the show's second season, secretly manipulating the Avengers and the Inhumans into going to war as part of a plot to usurp the throne from Black Bolt.
Video games
Maximus appears in the Facebook game Marvel: Avengers Alliance. He is introduced in "Special Operations 23: Inhumans".
Maximus appears as both a boss level and playable character in Lego Marvel Super Heroes 2.
Maximus is a playable character in Marvel: Future Fight.
Maximus appears as a boss in Marvel Ultimate Alliance 3: The Black Order, voiced again by Diedrich Bader.
References
External links
Maximus at Marvel.com
Maximus at MarvelDirectory.com
The Inhumans at Don Markstein's Toonopedia. Archived from the original on September 17, 2016.
Characters created by Jack Kirby
Characters created by Stan Lee
Comics characters introduced in 1966
Fictional inventors
Fictional kings
Inhumans
Marvel Comics characters who have mental powers
Marvel Comics supervillains
Marvel Comics telepaths
Marvel Comics television characters | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maximus%20%28comics%29 |
Tossing Seeds (Singles 89–91) is an album by Superchunk compiling a number of their earliest 7" singles and EPs. It was released by Merge Records in 1992.
All tracks on Tossing Seeds were recorded at Duck Kee Studios, except for "Seed Toss", which was recorded at the Chicago Recording Company.
Four of the tracks on this album are covers: "Train from Kansas City", a Shangri-Las song; "Night Creatures", a song originally recorded by The Flys; and "It's So Hard to Fall in Love" and "Brand New Love", which were originally recorded by Sebadoh.
"Slack Motherfucker" was named the 19th best single of the 1990s by Spin magazine. It was later covered by fIREHOSE on the Live Totem Pole EP. A video was created for "Fishing", a song that is regularly played in concert and is considered one of their signature songs, often played as the last song or as an encore.
The cover art is credited to Wendy Moore (1991).
Track listing
"What Do I" (1989)
"My Noise" (1989)
"Train from Kansas City" (1989)
"Slack Motherfucker" (1990)
"Night Creatures" (1990)
"Garlic" (1990)
"Fishing" (1991)
"Cool" (1991)
"The Breadman" (1991)
"Cast Iron" (1991)
"Seed Toss" (1991)
"It's So Hard to Fall in Love" (1991)
"Brand New Love" (1991)
References
Superchunk albums
1991 compilation albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tossing%20Seeds%20%28Singles%2089%E2%80%9391%29 |
Alan Torrance (born 1956) is professor of systematic theology at St Mary's College of the University of St Andrews. Previously he lectured at King's College London from 1993–1998, where he was also Director of the Research Institute in Systematic Theology. During this time he served as Senior Research Fellow at the Erasmus Institute, University of Notre Dame. He previously lectured at Knox Theological Hall and the University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand.
He is part of the Torrance family of Scottish theologians. His uncle was the famous theologian Thomas F. Torrance, former Professor of Systematic Theology at New College, Edinburgh, who served as Moderator of the General Assembly of the Church of Scotland in 1976. His father, J.B. Torrance was professor at Aberdeen and wrote the influential Worship, Community and the Triune God of Grace. His uncle David W. Torrance was a Church of Scotland minister and author, until his retirement in 1991. His cousin is Iain Torrance, former president of Princeton Theological Seminary, Pro-Chancellor of the University of Aberdeen and Dean of the Chapel Royal in Scotland, and another former Moderator of the General Assembly. His uncle, Ronald Wallace, was Professor of Biblical Theology at Columbia Theological Seminary. Alan Torrance's sons have continued in the theological and academic line.
His teaching interests are primarily in the areas of philosophical and systematic theology, theological anthropology, person and work of Christ and theological ethics. He researches actively in the fields of Christology, the social implications of the doctrine of reconciliation, theological epistemology and theories of time. He is widely published and respected in his field and now closely associated with the Logos Institute for Analytic and Exegetical Theology at the University of St Andrews.
Publications
His publications include
Christ and Context T&T Clark, 1993.
Persons in Communion: an Essay on Trinitarian Description and Human Participation T&T Clark, 1996.
'Theology and "Political Correctness"' in Studies in Harmful Religion ed. Andrew Walker, S.P.C.K. 1997.
'Creatio ex nihilo and the Spatio-Temporal Dimensions, with special reference to Jurgen Moltmann and D. C. Williams', in The Doctrine of Creation, ed. Colin Gunton, T&T Clark, 1997.
'The Trinity' in The Cambridge Companion to Karl Barth, ed. John Webster, Cambridge University Press, 2000.
'On Determining Whether Homosexuality Is To Be Endorsed Theologically', in More than a single issue, eds. M. Rae & G. Redding, Australian Theological Forum, 2000
'Jesus in Christian Doctrine' in The Cambridge Companion to Jesus, ed. M. Bockmuehl, CUP, 2001.
'Justification' in Oxford Companion of Christian Thought, Oxford University Press.
'God, Personhood and Particularity: On Whether There Is, or Should Be, a Distinctive Male Theological Perspective', in Gospel and Gender, ed. Douglas Campbell, T&T Clark, 2003.
'"Call No Man Father!": The Trinity, Patriarchy and God-Talk', in Gospel and Gender, ed. Douglas Campbell, T&T Clark, 2003.
The Doctrine of God and Theological Ethics, ed. A. J. Torrance & M. Banner, T&T Clark/Continuum, 2006.
The Theological Grounds for Advocating Forgiveness and Reconciliation in the Sociopolitical Realm, Centre for Contemporary Christianity in Ireland, 2006
Scripture's Doctrine and Theology's Bible: How the New Testament Shapes Christian Dogmatics, ed. Markus Bockmuehl and Alan Torrance, Baker Academic, 2008.
'Society, Scepticism and the Problem of Moral Inversion: Some Reflections on Michael Polanyi's Social Philosophy' in Critical Conversations: Michael Polanyi and Christian Theology, ed. Murray Rae, Wipf & Stock, 2012.
External links
Alan Torrance profile at University of St. Andrews
1956 births
British Christian theologians
Living people
Academics of King's College London
Academics of the University of St Andrews
Academic staff of the University of Otago | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan%20Torrance |
TSV Schwieberdingen is a German association football club that plays in Schwieberdingen, Baden-Württemberg. The club was founded as a gymnastics club on 1 August 1906 with a strong labour union background and for the first forty years its primary interest remained in gymnastics. An attempt to form a football team in 1919 failed after a short time, but a second try in 1937 was successful.
History
The club was dissolved after World War II, like most organizations in Germany, including sports and football associations. It was re-established as Sport und Kulturverein Schwieberdingen in July 1946 and returned to its old name in late 1947. The club's focus in the two decades following the war was on gymnastics and football, with a growing emphasis on the latter. In the late 1960s and early 1970s TSV experienced considerable growth and added ten new departments, including table tennis, handball, volleyball, swimming and judo.
Through the late 1970s the club's football team advanced steadily from the A-Klasse Enz-Murr, to the 2. Amateurliga Württemberg, and then on to the Landesliga Württemberg (IV). Weak performances there saw the team demoted but it returned to fourth-tier play in the mid-1990s and advanced as far as the round of 16 in the 2002 Württemberg Cup. In 2004 Schwieberdingen earned a promotion to the Verbandsliga Württemberg (V) where it played until 2007, when a second-place finish and wins in the promotion play-off lifted the club into the Oberliga Baden-Württemberg, where they remained for a season before being relegated again. The club decided to withdraw its team to the tier-VIII Bezirksliga Enz-Murr after this. It dropped as far as the Kreisliga A for a season but returned to the Bezirksliga in 2014.
The club's youth division has also enjoyed a fair measure of success, winning the Württemberg championship twice, the South German championship twice, as well as earning third- and fourth-place finishes in the national youth finals.
Honours
Verbandsliga Württemberg
Runners-up: 2007
Kreisliga A Enns/Murr 2 (IX)
Champions: 2014
Recent seasons
The recent season-by-season performance of the club:
With the introduction of the Regionalligas in 1994 and the 3. Liga in 2008 as the new third tier, below the 2. Bundesliga, all leagues below dropped one tier.
Stadium
TSV Schwieberdingen plays its home matches in the Felsenberg-Arena (capacity 5,000).
Notable players
Prince Hadedeji Mayungbe
References
External links
Official team site
TSV Schwieberdingen profile at Weltfussball.de
Das deutsche Fußball-Archiv historical German domestic league tables
Association football clubs established in 1937
Football clubs in Germany
Football clubs in Baden-Württemberg
Sports clubs and teams established in 1906
1906 establishments in Germany
Ludwigsburg (district) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/TSV%20Schwieberdingen |
Élisabeth Claude Jacquet de La Guerre (, née Jacquet, 17 March 1665 – 27 June 1729) was a French musician, harpsichordist and composer.
Life and works
Élisabeth-Claude Jacquet de La Guerre (née Jacquet) was born on March 17, 1665, into a family of musicians and master instrument-makers in the parish of Saint-Louis-en-l'Île, Paris. She came from a rich family of masons, musicians, composers, and instrument makers. Her grandfather, Jehan Jacquet, and her father, Claude Jacquet, were harpsichord makers. Rather than just teaching his sons, Claude Jacquet taught both his sons and daughters how to survive and thrive in the world. This upbringing, support from her father, and her family's rich history of musicianship was a major stepping stone for her musical career. She received her initial musical education from her father. At the age of five, Louis XIV took notice of her when she performed, evidently as a child prodigy, at his palace of Versailles. This eventually led to her becoming a musician in the court of Louis XIV, the Sun King. She wrote most of her works for him, which was common. As a teenager she was accepted into the French court where her education was supervised by the king's mistress, Françoise-Athénaïs, marquise de Montespan. She stayed with the royal court until it moved to Versailles. In 1684, she married the organist Marin de La Guerre, son of the late organist at the Sainte-Chapelle, Michel de La Guerre. After her marriage, she taught, composed, and gave concerts at home and throughout Paris, to great acclaim.
Jacquet de La Guerre was one of the few well-known female composers of her time, and unlike many of her contemporaries, she composed in a wide variety of forms. Her talent and achievements were acknowledged by Titon du Tillet, who accorded her a place on his Mount Parnassus when she was only 26 years old, next to Lalande and Marais and directly below Lully. A quote from Titon du Tillet describes her as having:
marvellous facility for playing preludes and fantasies off the cuff. Sometimes she improvises one or another for a whole half hour with tunes and harmonies of great variety and in quite the best possible taste, quite charming her listeners.(Le Parnasse françois, 1732)
Her first published work was her Premier livre de pièces de clavessin, printed in 1687, which includes unmeasured preludes. It was one of the few collections of harpsichord pieces printed in France in the 17th century, along with those of Chambonnières, Lebègue and d'Anglebert. During the 1690s she composed a ballet, Les Jeux à l'honneur de la victoire (c. 1691), which has subsequently been lost. On 15 March 1694, the production of her opera Céphale et Procris at the Académie Royale de Musique was the first of an opera written by a woman in France. The five-act tragédie lyrique was set to a libretto by Duché de Vancy. Like her contemporaries, she also experimented with Italian genres: principally the sonata and the cantata. In 1695 she composed a set of trio sonatas which, with those of Marc-Antoine Charpentier, François Couperin, Jean-Féry Rebel and Sébastien de Brossard, are among the earliest French examples of the sonata.
Her only published opera only had 5 or 6 performances. An explanation of this failure was that the opera depended on the text rather than the music. Céphale et Procris would soon be known as tragédie en musique, a tragedy put into music, and French literary theatre recited musically. Her compositions were not received well by the French musical culture, which was cautious about contemporary opera. It might have been accepted more readily in Italy with all its musical innovations, but in France, tradition was considered necessary in its music. The reception of Céphale et Procris tells us more about the world of opera in France in the 1690s and French music rather than her ability as a composer. This put a stop to her career as an operatic composer.
During the next few years many of her near relations died, including her only son who was ten years old, her mother, father, husband, and brother Nicolas. She continued to perform, however, and in 1707 her collection Pièces de Clavecin qui peuvent se jouer sur le Violon, a new set of harpsichord pieces, was published, followed by six Sonates pour le violon et pour le clavecin. These works are an early example of the new genre of accompanied harpsichord works, where the instrument is used in an obbligato role with the violin; Rameau's Pièces de clavecin en concerts are somewhat of the same type. The dedication of the 1707 work speaks of the continuing admiration and patronage of Louis XIV:
Such happiness for me, Sire, if my latest work may receive as glorious a reception from Your Majesty as I have enjoyed almost from the cradle, for, Sire, if I may remind you, you never spurned my youthful offerings. You took pleasure in seeing the birth of the talent that I have devoted to you; and you honoured me even then with your commendations, of the value of which I had no understanding at the time. My slender talents have since grown. I have striven even harder, Sire, to deserve your approbation, which has always meant everything to me ...
She returned to vocal composition with the publication of two books of Cantates françoises sur des sujets tirez de l'Ecriture in 1708 and 1711. Also known as the Cantates Biblique. Her last published work was a collection of secular Cantates françoises (c. 1715). In the inventory of her possessions after her death, there were three harpsichords: a small one with white and black keys, one with black keys, and a large double manual Flemish harpsichord.
Jacquet de La Guerre died in Paris in 1729, aged 64.
Reception
Despite the poor reception of her opera, she continued to publish her work and take opportunities. Her sonatas, from later in her life, are considered triumphs of the genre. This is due to her development of the role for violin and the way she blended French traditions with Italian innovations. After her death, her genius in compositions, her creativity in vocal and instrumental music, and her variety of genres have been acknowledged. Her life and career success show that she was given a rare opportunity to succeed as a female composer, and that she took full advantage of it.
During the 1990s there was a renewed interest in her compositions and a number have been recorded.
In 2023, the Dunedin Consort, with Hera and Mahogany Opera are performing the Cantates Biblique 'for the first time in 300 years' under the title Out of Her Mouth, in Scotland, York and London, music 'written by a woman about women and for women'. The mini-operas reflect the struggles of three Biblical women, Susanne, Rachel and Judith against male violence and oppression and its staging includes 'three different singers, four musicians, five watermelons and seven large blue rolls'.
List of works
Jacquet de La Guerre's early trio sonatas and violin/viola da gamba sonatas survive only in manuscript sources in Paris. The rest of her output is thought to have been published in her lifetime, although Titon du Tillet mentioned a lost Te Deum setting in his tribute to Jacquet de La Guerre.
Stage
Les jeux à l'honneur de la victoire (ballet, c. 1691), lost
Céphale et Procris (tragédie lyrique, 1694)
Vocal music
Cantates françoises sur des sujets tirez de l'Ecriture, livre I (Paris, 1708)
also known as Cantates Biblique.
Esther
Le passage de la Mer rouge
Jacob et Rachel
Jonas
Suzanne et les vieillards
Judith
Cantates françoises, livre II (Paris, 1711)
Adam
Le temple rebasti
Le deluge
Joseph
Jepthe
Sampson
La musette, ou Les bergers de Suresne (Paris, 1713)
Cantates françoises (Paris, c.1715 [3 cantatas; 1 comic duet])
Semelé
L'Ile de Delos
Le Sommeil d'Ulisse
Le Raccommodement Comique de Pierrot et de Nicole
Te Deum (1721, lost)
Various songs published in Recueil d'airs sérieux et à boire (1710–24)
Instrumental
Les pièces de clavessin (Paris, 1687)
Suite in D minor: Prelude / Allemande / Courante / 2d Courante / Sarabande / Gigue / Cannaris / Chaconne l'Inconstante / Menuet
Suite in G minor: Prelude / Allemande / Courante / 2d Courante / Sarabande / Gigue / 2d Gigue / Menuet
Suite in A minor: Prelude / Allemande / Courante / 2d Courante / Sarabande / Gigue / Chaconne / Gavott / Menuet
Suite in F major: Tocade / Allemande / Courante / 2d Courante / Sarabande / Gigue / Cannaris / Menuet
Pièces de clavecin qui peuvent se jouer sur le violon (Paris, 1707)
Suite in D minor: La Flamande / Double / Courante / Double / Sarabande / Gigue / Double / 2d Gigue / Rigadoun / 2d Rigadoun / Chaconne
Suite in G major: Allemande / Courante / Sarabande / Gigue / Menuet / Rondeau
Sonatas [2], violin, viola da gamba, and basso continuo (c.1695)
Sonatas [6], violin and clavecin (Paris [chez l'auteur, Foucault, Ribou, Ballard], 1707)
Sonata [no. 1] in D minor: Grave / Presto / Adagio / Presto-Adagio / Presto / Aria / Presto
Sonata [no. 2] in D major: Grave / Allegro / Aria (Affettusos) / Sarabande / Gavotte (Allegro) / Presto
Sonata [no. 3] in F major: Grave / Presto-Adagio / Presto / Aria / Adagio
Sonata [no. 4] in G major: [Grave]-Presto-Adagio / Presto-Adagio / Presto-Adagio / Aria
Sonata [no. 5] in A minor: Grave / Presto / Adagio-Courante-Reprise / Aria
Sonata [no. 6] in A major: Allemande / Presto / Adagio / Aria / Adagio / Presto-Adagio / Aria
See also
List of French harpsichordists
References
Further reading
Cessac, Catherine. Élisabeth Jacquet de La Guerre: Une femme compositeur sous le règne de Louis XIV. Paris: Actes Sud, 1995.
External links
Cantates francoises et Duet Comique
La musette, ou Les bergers de Suresne
1665 births
1729 deaths
17th-century women composers
18th-century classical composers
18th-century French composers
18th-century women composers
18th-century keyboardists
French Baroque composers
French women classical composers
French harpsichordists
Musicians from Paris
Child classical musicians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%89lisabeth%20Jacquet%20de%20La%20Guerre |
Something Burning is the sixth album by heavy metal band Vicious Rumors, released in 1996.
Track listing
"Ballhog" - 3:38
"Mouth" - 3:11
"Out of My Misery" - 4:00
"Something Burning" - 3:41
"Concentration" - 4:07
"Chopping Block" - 4:10
"Perpetual" - 3:54
"Strip Search" - 3:35
"Make It Real" - 4:45
"Free to Go" - 4:59
Personnel
Geoff Thorpe: Guitars, Vocals
Steve Smyth: Guitars
Tommy Sisco: Bass
Larry Howe: Drums
References
1996 albums
Vicious Rumors albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Something%20Burning |
The Royal Netherlands Meteorological Institute (, ; KNMI) is the Dutch national weather forecasting service, which has its headquarters in De Bilt, in the province of Utrecht, central Netherlands.
The primary tasks of KNMI are weather forecasting, monitoring of climate changes and monitoring seismic activity. KNMI is also the national research and information centre for climate, climate change and seismology.
History
KNMI was established by royal decree of King William III on 21 January 1854 under the title "Royal Meteorological Observatory". Professor C. H. D. Buys Ballot was appointed as the first Director. The year before Professor Ballot had moved the Utrecht University Observatory to the decommissioned fort at Sonnenborgh. It was only later, in 1897, that the headquarters of the KNMI moved to the Koelenberg estate in De Bilt.
The "Royal Meteorological Observatory" originally had two divisions, the land branch under Dr. Frederik Wilhelm Christiaan Krecke and the marine branch under navy Lt. Marin H. Jansen.
Like Robert FitzRoy who founded the Meteorological Office in Britain the same year, Ballot was disenchanted with the non-scientific weather reports found in European newspapers at the time. Like the Met Office, the KNMI also pioneered daily weather predictions, which he called by a new combination "weervoorspelling" (weather prognostication).
Research at KNMI
Applied research at KNMI is focused on three areas:
Research aimed at improving the quality, usefulness and accessibility of meteorological and oceanographical data in support of operational weather forecasting and other applications of such data.
Climate-related research on oceanography; atmospheric boundary layer processes, clouds and radiation; the chemical composition of the atmosphere (e.g. ozone); climate variability research; the analysis of climate, climate variability and climatic change; modelling support and policy support to the Dutch Government with respect to climate and climatic change.
Seismological research as well as monitoring of seismic activity (earthquakes).
KNMI's development of atmospheric dispersion models
KNMI's applied research also encompasses the development and operational use of atmospheric dispersion models.
Whenever a disaster occurs within Europe which causes the emission of toxic gases or radioactive material into the atmosphere, it is of utmost importance to quickly determine where the atmospheric plume of toxic material is being transported by the prevailing winds and other meteorological factors. At such times, KNMI activates a special calamity service. For this purpose, a group of seven meteorologists is constantly on call day and night. KNMI's role in supplying information during emergencies is included in municipal and provincial disaster management plans. Civil services, fire departments and the police can be provided with weather and other relevant information directly by the meteorologist on duty, through dedicated telephone connections.
KNMI has available two atmospheric dispersion models for use by their calamity service:
PUFF - In cooperation with the Netherlands National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (Dutch: Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieuhygiene or simply RIVM), KNMI has developed the dispersion model PUFF. It has been designed to calculate the dispersion of air pollution on European scales. The model was originally tested by using measurements of the dispersion of radioactivity caused by the accident in the nuclear power plant of Chernobyl in 1986. A few years later, in 1994, a dedicated dispersion experiment called ETEX (European Tracer EXperiment) was carried out, which also provided useful data for further testing of PUFF.
CALM - CALM is a CALamity Model designed for the calculation of air pollution dispersion on small spatial scales, within the Netherlands. The algorithms and parameters contained in the CALM model are practically identical to that of the PUFF model. However, the meteorological input can only be supplied manually in CALM. The user provides both observed and predicted values for wind velocity at the 10 meter height level, the atmospheric stability classification and the mixing height. After the model calculations have been performed, a map is created and displayed with the derived trajectories of the pollution plume and an indication of how and where the cloud will disperse.
Storm naming
In 2019 KNMI decided to join the western storm naming group to help awareness of the danger of storms, the first named storm was Storm Ciara on 9 February 2020.
See also
Atmospheric dispersion modeling
List of atmospheric dispersion models
National Center for Atmospheric Research
NERI, the National Environmental Research Institute of Denmark
NILU, the Norwegian Institute for Air Research
Roadway air dispersion modeling
Swedish Meteorological and Hydrological Institute
TA Luft
UK Atmospheric Dispersion Modelling Liaison Committee
UK Dispersion Modelling Bureau
University Corporation for Atmospheric Research
References
External links
KNMI website (in Dutch)
KNMI website (in English)
KNMI atmospheric dispersion models
RIVM website (in English)
Atmospheric dispersion modeling
De Bilt
Governmental meteorological agencies in Europe
Independent government agencies of the Netherlands
Organisations based in the Netherlands with royal patronage
Organisations based in Utrecht (province)
Research institutes in the Netherlands | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal%20Netherlands%20Meteorological%20Institute |
Hypothekenbank Frankfurt AG, previously Eurohypo AG, was wound down in 2016. Its portfolios were transferred to Commerzbank AG. The banking and pfandbrief licenses were returned and Hypothekenbank Frankfurt AG was transformed into a service company LSF Loan Solutions Frankfurt GmbH.
Hypothekenbank Frankfurt AG was a European real estate bank based in Eschborn, Frankfurt. Eurohypo was 100% owned by Commerzbank. It was the eleventh-largest bank in Germany with a balance sheet of € 214.2 billion in 2007.
Hypothekenbank Frankfurt AG (previously Eurohypo AG) is a leading international specialist bank for real estate and public finance. The bank is also the Pfandbrief issuer within the Commerzbank Group. Eurohypo’s business model is based on a common platform of real estate and public finance. Bloomberg News termed Eurohypo "problematic" and that it might be transferred to a "bad bank" within Germany's bank rescue fund SoFFin in an effort to help repair Commerzbank's capital deficit.
The Real Estate division of the company includes commercial real estate financing in Germany as well as numerous countries in Europe, the USA and Asia.
The Public Finance division covers
Conventional public sector lending, i.e. central governments, federal states and municipalities or borrowers guaranteed by these
Financing and consulting for public private partnership projects, as a “Centre of Competence” within the Commerzbank Group
Pfandbrief refinancing and covered pool management
The business division Treasury is in particular responsible for:
Fulfilment of guidelines in regards to covered pool management
Refinance of the commercial real estate portfolio
Commercial Real Estate Lending through the credit crisis. Eurohypo has had a mixed performance during the recession.
Background
Eurohypo was formed in 2003 as a subsidiary of Deutsche Bank, Dresdner Bank and Commerzbank, which agreed with each other to combine all of their real estate lending operations globally into a new bank. It was formed after all three German banks suffering years of writedowns on their real estate lending books, and having to hold greater amounts of regulatory capital against such exposures. By combining their three exposures, Eurohypo became an off-balance sheet subsidiary for all three banks, as no one shareholder had a dominant stake. It also created a bank with greater headcount and administrative overhead than any of its competitors, with none of its three main shareholders directly responsible for its strategic direction. The original intention was for Eurohypo to be listed as an independent bank on the Deutsche Boerse. In the summer of 2005, with equity markets buoyant and Dresdner Bank and Deutsche Bank keen to float Eurohypo, Commerzbank was concerned about the proposed flotation. Commerzbank's own revenues, which were largely linked to the German mid-cap corporate sector, had not recovered at the rate of the rest of the German economy, and more than 40% of its earnings came from its stake in Eurohypo. If Eurohypo would become an independent bank, Commerzbank would become a relatively easy takeover target.
Commerzbank did not wish to face being acquired by a larger bank (with the risk which that would have posed to the jobs of its own board members) - they blocked the flotation of Eurohypo and offered to buy out the stakes of Deutsche Bank and Dresdner Bank. This move, whilst certainly making Commerzbank a larger and more difficult target, was a strange one from a strategic perspective: for years Commerzbank had wanted to rid itself of its exposure to real estate lending, all of its staff who understood real estate now worked for Eurohypo, and it had lost any ability within Commerzbank to understand the direction of the real estate markets or the risks of that business. The agreements to sell the shares to Commerzbank were signed on 16 November 2005. Thus Commerzbank acquired a subsidiary, which was not only the largest Pfandbrief issuer in Europe, but had also become one of the most important players in the European securitisation business and market leader in Syndicated Loans. This exposure to riskier products, and to lending in new geographies, although much valued at the time, was to have a negative effect in later years.
The financial crisis of 2008 (and later years) had a material effect on Eurohypo, and started to worsen the relationship with its parent bank. With a new CEO, Frank Poerschke, parachuted in from Commerzbank, the bank announced it was going to reduce the geographies in which it lent, to a core group of USA, UK, Germany, Poland, Spain, France and Russia (called "Operation Fokus" within the bank). However, new lending activity was very limited and did not make up for the effect of the material writedowns which Eurohypo was now starting to suffer on its book, in common with other banks exposed to the real estate sector.
Its parent bank, Commerzbank, became increasingly frustrated. It did not fully understand real estate lending and had struggled to find a CEO for Eurohypo who could adequately report to it and also have a vision for the real estate lending business. Having appointed Frank Poerschke to be Eurohypo CEO in 2007, he left in mid-2011 to take a position with Jones Lang LaSalle.
Eurohypo's board was reconstituted by new board members, largely from the credit and risk function within the bank. Dr Thomas Koentgen, a former chief credit officer, was selected to be CEO. In November 2011 it became clear that Commerzbank was still struggling to understand the best way to keep the business profitable long enough to exit it. In a surprise move, the board of Eurohypo was forced to announce that it would cease lending in all countries apart from Germany for a six-month period, in order to return various capital ratios to more acceptable levels. Internally within Eurohypo this was a source of significant frustration, as client loyalty was largely a function of always being seen by the market as being open for business. In the absence of any other options, the client relationship managers within the bank did their best to convince clients that they would reopen for business on 27 June 2012.
A further surprise move would finally kill off the bank. On the night before business was due to resume, Commerzbank issued a press release stating that it would fully exit its operations in real estate lending globally, and issued notices to the Eurohypo CEO that lending operations would not resume. Commerzbank also announced that it would be exiting its ship finance business globally. This was announced to the press and the stockmarket by Commerzbank before many senior regional managers at Eurohypo had been informed.
Since June 2012, Eurohypo has been officially in wind-down, with some parts of the bank trying to create an auction for regional loan books, such as the one in the UK. Some observers have commented that such an auction is unlikely to succeed as Commerzbank has an over-inflated view of the value of the loan books, and has no motivation to accept a reduced value. Some market commentators have also viewed the attempted sale of the "UK management platform"as being driven by certain senior staff at the London branch, rather than by Commerzbank, and therefore equally unlikely to succeed. Most new entrants to the lending market in the UK, such as Starwood Capital, AIG and Venn Partners have hired a small team of specialists rather than the entire team of one of the former big property lenders. With Eurohypo's London branch relatively top-heavy, significant pruning of expensive staff would be needed by a new owner.
References
Europhypo Unternehmenskultur
External links
Defunct banks of Germany
Banks of Germany
Companies based in Frankfurt
Companies listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange
Commerzbank
German companies disestablished in 2016
German companies established in 2002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eurohypo |
Doubletalk, double talk, or double-talk may refer to:
Doublespeak, language that is deceptively ambiguous
Gibberish (language game), a phonetically modified version of English
Double-talk, speech including nonsense syllables that appears erudite
Double-talk (telephony), a situation when two people talk at the same time, causing overlapping audio signals
Entertainment
Double Talk, play by Nigel Williams (author)
Double Talk (game show), a 1986 US game show
"Double Talk" (The New Batman Adventures), a 1997 episode of The New Batman Adventures | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doubletalk |
Shadowfall is the title of two separate novels:
Shadowfall - Book one of the Godslayer Chronicles by James Clemens
Shadowfall - Book twenty-six of the Deathlands series by Laurence James | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shadowfall |
University of Paraíba Valley (Universidade do Vale do Paraíba, Univap) is a private university in São José dos Campos in the state of São Paulo, Brazil.
In 40 years, the Universidade do Vale do Paraíba (University of Paraíba Valley) or, as it is more popularly known, Univap, has evolved from a small, local law school into a major, multifaceted university of quality and renown.
The history of Univap begins with the establishment of the Valeparaibana Teaching Foundation (FVE) in August 1963. The initiative came from prominent community leaders who were concerned with creating a trained labor force and improving the local education and culture and contributing to the city’s progress.
Other courses were added to the curriculum and, in 1982, the FVE was restructured to become the Faculdades Integradas de São José dos Campos. Ten years later, in April 1992, the expanded educational facility was given “university” status and rechristened as Univap.
Urbanova campus
The university’s Urbanova campus was created in 1993, covering an area larger than a million square meters, bounded by the Paraiba river on one side and accessible from the city via Shishima Hifumi Avenue on the other.
The campus complex consists of more than a dozen buildings, including five devoted specifically to the Faculties of the Education Department. Other major buildings include the Research Department (IP&D), the Central Library, and the Administrative Center.
The campus features technical and administrative support offices, conference rooms, libraries, cafeterias, copy centers, a bookstore, and parking lots. There are ample sports and recreational facilities for students and faculty, including tennis courts, soccer fields, athletic tracks, dressing rooms, and a swimming pool, as well as a leisure area with kiosks (where the students may have barbecues and parties), lakes for fishing and boating, gardens, and a gymnasium available to the public.
A business incubator and a technological park/center are on the campus.
External links
Univap web site
Sao Paulo
Universities and colleges established in 1952
1952 establishments in Brazil
Private universities and colleges in Brazil | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Universidade%20do%20Vale%20do%20Para%C3%ADba |
Chinle Unified School District No. 24 (CUSD) is a public unified school district headquartered in Chinle, a census-designated place in Apache County, Arizona, on the Navajo Nation, United States. It is managed by a five-member elected school board, each of whom is Navajo, and operates by state rules. As of 2020, nearly all of the district's 3600 students are Navajo.
CUSD serves several unincorporated areas in Apache County, including Chinle, Cottonwood, Del Muerto, Lukachukai, Many Farms, Nazlini, Rough Rock, Sehili, Tsaile, and small portions of Round Rock and Sawmill.
The district has an area of . Its buses travel 6000 miles per day to transport students to and from the schools. It is within the Navajo Nation.
History
Chinle Unified School District was organized by the state of Arizona and Apache County in 1958. It celebrated its 50th anniversary in 2008. A district gathering at the Wildcat Den, the community arena, on July 25, 2008 celebrated this milestone event.
In July 1983 the Red Mesa Unified School District was formed, splitting from the Chinle School District.
Demographics
In 2016 the district had 3,300 students. the district had about 3,600 students, with about 99% being Navajo people, a.k.a. Diné. In 1998 the district had more than 4,500 students, with 95% being Navajo.
Schools
High school
Chinle High School
K-8 schools
Many Farms Public School, serves 425 students
Tsaile Public School – In proximity to Diné College
Junior high/middle schools
Chinle Junior High School
Primary schools (K–6)
Mesa View Elementary School
Chinle Elementary School
Canyon De Chelly Elementary School – This school serves approximately 600 students in Chinle. The community of Chinle is located next to the Canyon De Chelly National Monument. The school is approximately 97% Navajo.
Former schools
The following were reassigned when the Red Mesa Unified School District formed:
Red Mesa Elementary School
Red Mesa Junior High School
Red Mesa High School
Other facilities
The district operates multiple housing complexes for employees. CKC Phase II Homes and CKC Phase III Homes are next to the district headquarters in Chinle. CJHS Bobcat Homes is adjacent to Chinle Elementary School and Chinle Junior High School. Many Farms Homes and Tsaile Homes are in those respective communities.
Transportation
over 60% of the bus routes include unpaved roads, something that increases wear and tear on the buses.
H1B
Chinle Unified School District sponsors h1b for teachers.
References
External links
Chinle Unified School District
School districts in Apache County, Arizona
Education on the Navajo Nation | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chinle%20Unified%20School%20District |
Čurug (; ) is a village located in the municipality of Žabalj, Serbia. It is situated in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina. The village has a Serb ethnic majority and its population numbering 8,166 inhabitants (as of 2011 census). It is the biggest village in Serbia.
Name
In Serbian, the village is known as Чуруг or Čurug, and in Hungarian as Csúrog.
Geography
The village of Čurug is situated in the wide lowlands of the south-eastern part of the Bačka region, in the place where the river Tisa creates its greatest meander down its flow.
It is bordered by the settlements of Bačko Gradište (to the north), Kumane and Novi Bečej (northeast), Taraš (east), Gospođinci (south), Temerin (southwest), Nadalj (northwest), and Žabalj (south-southeast).
The fact of it being settled in one of the highest parts of planes (82 m sea-level) is one of the main reasons the village always managed to avoid floods, and for being constantly populated during its long history.
History
Several archaeological sites are located around the village (Archeological Site of Stari Vinogradi), mainly from time of Roman Empire and early Middle Ages. Traces of ancient Indo-European peoples, notably of Iazyges and Celts, are also discovered at this location. The archaeologists have found traces of Slavic settlement from the 9th-10th century, as well as the more distinctive ethnic traces of Serb settlement from the 15th century.
It is one of the oldest Vojvodinian settlements, mentioned as far as in 1238 (during the administration of the Kingdom of Hungary) under name Churlack (Csúrlak, Čurlak). In 1325, it was mentioned as Chorug, in 1332/1337 as Churvuk, in 1338/1342 as Charug, in 1363 as Csurog, and in 1380 as Curgug. By 1440, it was part of the Serbian despot Đurađ Branković's feudal lands. During Ottoman administration, it was recorded as Csaragh (in 1551), Chyrogd (in 1553), and Czurok (in 1656).
During Ottoman administration (16th - 17th century), Čurug was part of the Sanjak of Segedin and nahija of Titel. There was also Ottoman fort near the village, whose commander was beg Melković, who was also commander of forts in Bečej and Bečkerek. During the war between Ottomans and Habsburgs, in 1687/88, village was burned and destroyed.
During Habsburg administration, the village was rebuilt (in 1699). From 1703 to 1751, Čurug was part of Habsburg Military Frontier and from 1751 to 1769, it was part of the District of Potisje. From 1769 to 1873, it was again part of the Military Frontier, and from 1873 to 1918, it was part of the Bačka-Bodrog county within the Kingdom of Hungary and Austria-Hungary. In 1720, village had about 600 inhabitants, most of whom were Serbs and there was also one Hungarian family in the village.
Čurug was the strongest settlement in Šajkaš lands, and it played a prominent role in the events of the revolution of 1848-1849 when the people of the town met and proclaimed their struggle for their rights and freedom.
In 1880, population of Čurug numbered 6,406 inhabitants, including 4,961 (77%) Serbs, 981 (15%) Hungarians, 181 (2.8%) Germans, 96 (1.5%) Jews, etc. In 1910, population numbered 10,377 inhabitants, including 7,211 (69.5%) Serbs, 2,730 (26.30%) Hungarians, 203 (1.96%) Jews, 171 (1.65%) Germans, etc.
After the World War I, Čurug became part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes and subsequent South Slavic states.
From 1941 to 1944, the town was under Axis occupation within Horthy's Hungary. On 6 January 1942 Hungarian troops and police entered Čurug searching for suspected partisans. They rounded up civilians, including women and children, and removed them to barns, storage buildings, and municipal buildings. Although some were released, some 900 people were reportedly murdered. Their bodies were stripped of all valuables. During the Communist purges in Serbia in 1944–45, Tito's partisans deported and exterminated almost the entire Hungarian population on charges of collective guilt. Following that, settlers from Bosnia and Herzegovina arrived in the village.
Historical population
1961: 9,469
1971: 9,336
1981: 9,231
1991: 8,987
2002: 8,882
2011: 8,166
Famous residents
Count Simeon Zorić (Semyon Zorich) (1743–1799), Russian officer and Catherine the Great's lover, born in Čurug.
Teodor Ilić Češljar (1746–1793), a Serbian painter. He was born in Čurug.
Petar Konjović (1883–1970), a Serbian composer. He was born in Čurug.
Jovan Tucakov (1905–1978), a Serbian pharmacologist. He was born in Čurug.
Lazar Paču (1865–1915)
Zdravko Rajkov (1927–2006), football player
Patrijarh Porfirije (1961-), Serbian patriarch
See also
List of places in Serbia
List of cities, towns and villages in Vojvodina
References
Sources
Čurug kroz istoriju, Prometej, Novi Sad, 2002.
Zvonimir Golubović, Racija u južnoj Bačkoj 1942. godine, Novi Sad, 1991.
Slobodan Ćurčić, Broj stanovnika Vojvodine, Novi Sad, 1996.
External links
Čurug
Čurug
Curug
Places in Bačka
Populated places in Vojvodina
Archaeological sites in Serbia
Populated places established in the 7th millennium BC
South Bačka District
7th-millennium BC establishments | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C4%8Curug |
We'wha (1849–1896, various spellings) was a Zuni Native American from New Mexico, a notable fiber artist, weaver and potter. As the most famous lhamana on record, We'wha served as a cultural ambassador for Native Americans in general, and the Zuni in particular, serving as a contact point and educator for many European-American settlers, teachers, soldiers, missionaries, and anthropologists. In 1886, We'wha was part of the Zuni delegation to Washington, D.C.; during that visit, We'wha met President Grover Cleveland.
In traditional Zuni culture, the lhamana are male-bodied people who take on the social and ceremonial roles usually performed by women in their culture, at least some of the time. They wear a mixture of women's and men's clothing and much of their work is in the areas usually occupied by Zuni women. They are also known to serve as mediators. Some contemporary lhamana participate in the modern, pan-Indian two-spirit community.
We'wha's friendship with anthropologist Matilda Coxe Stevenson would lead to much material on the Zuni being published. Stevenson wrote down her observations of We'wha, using both male and female pronouns at different points in time, writing, "She performs masculine religious and judicial functions at the same time that she performs feminine duties, tending to laundry and the garden". "He was the most intelligent person in the pueblo. Strong character made his word law among both men and women with whom he associated. Though his wrath was dreaded by men as well as women, he was loved by all children, to whom he was ever kind." We'wha lived for part of his life in the role and dress usually associated with men in Zuni culture, and part of her life in roles associated with women, then again in roles and dress associated with men. Friends and relatives have used both male and female pronouns for We'wha, depending on stage of life and current occupation.
Early life
We'wha was born in 1849 in New Mexico as a member of the Zuni people. The Zuni tribe at this time was still free to practice their religious customs and ceremonies. The year of We'wha's birth was the first year the Zuni had interactions with the Americans, and they initially agreed to ally with the colonists in some territorial battles against their traditional rivals the Navajo and Apache. The colonists brought smallpox to the village and in 1853 both of We'wha's parents died from the new illness. We'wha and his brother were then adopted by their aunt on their father's side. We'wha remained a member of her mother's tribal clan known as the donashi:kwe (the Badger People). He also retained ceremonial ties to his father's clan, bichi:kwe (the Dogwood People). The new adoptive arrangement also added two foster sisters and a brother.
Zuni children could be recognized as lhamana, from as early as three or four. However, in We'wha's case, We'wha was first included in religious ceremonies for Zuni boys at the age of twelve. It was not until a few years after this that the tribe recognized We'wha's lhamana traits and his religious training was then handed over to female relatives. We'wha then learned the skills of the Zuni women – grinding and making corn meal, making ceremonial pottery, cooking, and various domestic tasks. In 1864, the Zunis and the American troops won a victory over the Navajo, and the Navajo were then sent out to a reservation in New Mexico for four years. Some members of We'wha's tribe then moved into the abandoned Zuni lands of Nutria and Pescado, and became farmers, including We'wha and his adoptive family. While We'wha's family lived in this region, We'wha worked as a farmer, which was considered a traditionally male occupation in Zuni culture.
Adult life
In the 1870s We'wha was still living and working on the farm. As We'wha's adoptive mother began to get older, We'wha took on more of the household duties, as did his adopted older sister. In 1877 Protestant missionaries began to arrive among the Zuni tribe. These missionaries were part of the "Peace Policy of Grant Administration". The policy was for Native Americans, instead of being moved onto reservations, to be assimilated into American society by indoctrination into Christianity and other colonial beliefs and social structures. These Protestant missionaries were the first white people to live among this particular Zuni tribe and were likely the first white people that We'wha had encountered. At this point, We'wha would have been in his thirties.
The Presbyterian Minister and medical doctor assigned to We'wha's tribe was a man named Taylor F. Ealy, who arrived at the village with his wife, two daughters, and an assistant teacher on October 12, 1878. They were assigned to a school built there the year before. We'wha helped Mrs. Ealy care for her two small daughters, along with various teaching responsibilities and housework. Mrs. Ealy's diary included pages talking about We'wha: "We made in all this week five garments; a skirt and two basques for We-Wa, a dress for Grace (a Zuni), a dress and skirt for her sister, besides one for which they found the calico." That diary entry is dated January 29, 1881, and at this point We'wha is wearing skirts and doing childcare, so likely being perceived in a female role in the community. It is possible We'wha received payment for her work with the Ealys. It would not have been in the form of currency, rather goods similar to the clothes they made together. In 1881 the Protestant missionaries began to depart the village including the Ealy family. The mission had changed the religious mindset of the Zuni very little and the impact the school had was minimal. The school remained there but had little impact until it was revitalized in 1888.
We'wha's and Stevenson's friendship
Matilda Coxe Stevenson and We'wha met each other in 1879, while they were working with Mrs. Ealy. Stevenson wrote that We'wha was very friendly to outsiders and willing to learn English. We'wha was described by Stevenson as "the most intelligent person in the pueblo. Strong character made his word law among both men and women with whom he associated. Though his wrath was dreaded by men as well as women, he was loved by all children, to whom he was ever kind". By learning English, We'wha was able to interact well with white visitors, and this helped them build a friendship with Stevenson. We'wha was visited by Stevenson in 1881, 1884, 1886, 1891–92, 1895 and 1896. These visits encouraged the cultivation of their friendship.
In 1879, Stevenson introduced commercial laundry soap to We'wha's village (Southwestern tribes already had herbal soaps). She taught them how to wash clothes using this stronger, chemical soap and soon We'wha began washing quantities of clothes for the members of the Protestant mission, earning silver dollars for this service. We'wha then decided to move to Fort Wingate and wash for the soldiers as well as the captain's family. We'wha began to extend the business past the fort, and wash for white settlers as well. Few Zuni people worked for white people for pay. If they did work for pay, "the men wearing female attire being preferred to the women on account of their strength and endurance".
Stevenson refers to her friend We'wha as "he" and at other times as "she", seeming to have made a choice for the latter sometime after 1904, writing in her diary, "As the writer could never think of her faithful and devoted friend in any other light, she will continue to use the feminine gender when referring to We'wha".
We'wha was hired by Stevenson to make Zuni religious pottery that would later be displayed in the National Museum in Washington, D.C. We'wha was a very accomplished potter, and followed the strict religious protocols that went with making Zuni pottery. As a talented weaver, We'wha also created baskets, dresses, blankets, and sashes. It was said that We'wha had an eye for likable patterns and colors. George Wharton James, an expert on Native American weaving styles wrote, "She was an expert weaver, and her pole of soft stuff was laden with the work of her loom-blankets and dresses exquisitely woven, and with a delicate perception of colour-values that delighted the eye of the connoisseur".
Later life
After We'wha returned to the pueblo community, serious conflicts broke out between the Zuni and the U.S. government. We'wha was arrested along with five other Zuni leaders, accused of witchcraft, and served a month in prison. In 1896, We'wha died from heart failure, shortly after participating in the annual Sha'lako festival.
Legacy
We'wha appeared in a Google Doodle on November 1, 2021, which included some biographical and legacy details, along with a weaving game to help learn about Zuni weaving.
See also
List of people with non-binary gender identities
References
Sources
Reprinted in 2010:
External links
1849 births
1896 deaths
Pueblo artists
Two-spirit people
Zuni people
People convicted of witchcraft
Textile artists from New Mexico | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/We%27wha |
is a village located in Hachijō Subprefecture, Tokyo Metropolis, Japan. It is the least-populated municipality in Japan, with an estimated population of 169 and a population density of 28.2 persons per km2 as of 2018. Its total area is .
Geography
Aogashima Village covers the island of Aogashima, the southernmost and most isolated populated island in the Izu archipelago in the Philippine Sea, south of central Tokyo, and south of Hachijō-jima, its nearest populated neighbor. Warmed by the Kuroshio Current, the town has a warmer and wetter climate than central Tokyo.
Neighboring municipalities
Tokyo Metropolis
Hachijō, Tokyo
Ogasawara, Tokyo
History
It is uncertain when human settlement first began on Aogashima, but the island was known to be inhabited in the early Edo period, and is mentioned in historical records kept by the Tokugawa shogunate in Hachijōjima. During a major volcanic eruption in 1785, a large number of islanders perished, and the remainder were evacuated to Hachijōjima. An 1835 census reported 241 inhabitants (133 men, 108 women), mostly engaged in fishing.
On April 1, 1940, the island came under the administrative jurisdiction of Hachijō Subprefecture. The population is centered on two hamlets; in the east and in the west.
Demographics
Around 100 of the approximately 170 villagers are natives of the island. The non-native population largely consists of public sector employees, such as school staff and police, many of whom are temporarily transferred to the island.
The average age of the population was 44.5 as of 2020. Older residents are often forced to leave the island due to its lack of hospital or elder care facilities.
As of 2018, the government forecasted that the village population will fall to 104 by 2045.
Economy
The public sector is the largest industry in Aogashima, with two local construction companies. The island is famous for its shochu and salt production.
Government
The village government employs 28 people and has an annual budget of JPY 1.04 billion, 35.5% of which is directly subsidized by the Tokyo Metropolitan Government. Local taxes cover only 4.1% of the government's budget.
The village mayor resigned in December 2018 following a scandal involving improper contracting and disbursements, but was re-elected without a vote in January 2019. A vice-mayor post was created in April 2019 to improve village governance.
Transportation
Due to its lack of natural harbors and strong currents, Aogashima has always been difficult to access. The wharf at the island's only port can handle small ships of up to 500 tons, and is unusable during times of high waves and inclement weather.
Toho Air Service provides daily helicopter service to the island from Hachijōjima Airport, a 20-minute flight which is limited to 9 passengers and is regularly booked a month in advance. There is also scheduled ferry service from Hachijōjima four or five days a week, which takes around two and a half hours, but is often subject to cancellation due to high waves at the port.
Education
Because Aogashima has a small population, there is one school that is available to elementary and junior high school students. serves student populations. As of March 2022, the school had 11 elementary students, 3 junior high students, and 24 faculty and staff, making it one of the largest employers in the village. The school briefly had no junior high students in the spring of 2022, but 3 students were brought from outside the island to keep the junior high program active.
Gallery
References
External links
Villages of Tokyo
Populated coastal places in Japan
Izu Islands
sk:Aogašima (ostrov) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aogashima%2C%20Tokyo |
Plastic Surgery is an album by the Huntingtons released in 2000 on Tooth & Nail Records.
Track listing
All songs written by Huntingtons.
"I Wanna Be A Ramone" - 2:30
"American War Machine" - 2:45
"Heartbreak At The Hardy Holly" - 3:00
"I Would Give You Anything" - 3:32
"Tell Me Goodnight" - 2:11
"Moral Threat" - 1:37
"Growing Up Is No Fun" - 3:11
"I'll See You Tonite" - 3:43
"Girl's Gone Crazy" - 3:06
"Don't Clone Me" - 2:16
"I Don't Wanna Go Out With Her" - 2:40
"Now I'm Alright" - 3:12
"I'm Not Dangerous" - 3:24
"Mutant Monster Beach Party" - 1:47
Personnel
Mikey Huntington – Vocals, Bass, Moog,
Cliffy Huntington – Guitar, Vocals, Moog, mixing
Mikee Huntington – Drums
C. J. Huntington – Guitar
Ryan Harris – moog
Production
Holt/Powell – producers
Nick Rotundo – engineer
Brandon D. Ebel – executive producer
References
The Huntingtons albums
2000 albums
Tooth & Nail Records albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic%20Surgery%20%28album%29 |
Josephine is a female given name. It is the English version of the French name Joséphine. In Greece, the female name Josephine is Io̱si̱fína and used mainly on the island of Crete. The feminine form of the name Joseph, which is taken from the Hebrew name Yosef, meaning "(YHWH) shall grow."
Variations
Originally a diminutive form of the French name Josèphe, Joséphine became the standard form in the 19th century, replacing Josèphe, which eventually became a very rare name. In 2017, Josephine was the 107th most popular girls' baby name in the US. Diminutive forms of this name include Fifi, Jo, Josie, Joetta and Jojo. Other language variants include the Irish version Seosaimhín, the Spanish version Josefina or Josephina, and the Greek version Iosiphina (Greek: Ιωσηφίνα). Alternate spellings include Yosefina and Gosefine. The Swedish version is Josefine.
The name started gaining popularity after 1800 due to the high profile of Joséphine de Beauharnais, a French noblewoman who became Napoleon's mistress and later his wife and Empress of the French.
Translations
جوزفين (Arabic)
* ג'וזפין (Hebrew)
Жазэфіна, Žazefina (Belarusian)
Josefina, Fina, Josefa (Catalan)
约瑟芬, Yuēsèfēn (Chinese Simplified)
約瑟芬, Yuēsèfēn (Chinese Traditional)
Josipa, Jozefina, Finka, Ina (Croatian)
Jozefien, Josefien, Fien (Dutch)
Josephine, Josephin (English)
Josefine (German)
Josefine (Danish)
Ιωσηφίνα, Io̱si̱fína (Greek)
જોસેફાઈન, Jōsēphā'īna (Gujarati)
Josefiina (Finnish)
Joséphine, Fifi, Josette, Josiane (French)
जोसफिन, Jōsaphina (Hindi)
Jozefina, Jozefin, Jozefa (Hungarian)
Giuseppina (Italian)
ジョセフィン, Josefin (Japanese)
ಜೋಸೆಫೀನ್, Jōsephīn (Kannada)
조세핀, Josepin (Korean)
Џозефин, Džozefin (Macedonian)
ജോസഫൈൻ, Josephine (Malayalam)
Жозефина, Jozyefina (Mongolian)
जोसेफिन, Jōsēphina (Nepali)
ژوزفین (Persian)
Józefina (Polish)
Josefina (Portuguese)
Жозефина, Zhozefina (Russian)
Iosefina (Samoan)
Јосефина, Josefina (Serbian)
Josefina (Spanish)
Josefina (Swedish)
ஜோசபின், Jōcapiṉ (Tamil)
జోసెఫిన్, Jōsephin (Telugu)
โจเซฟิน, Cosefin (Thai)
Жозефіна, Zhozefina (Ukrainian)
דזשאָסעפינע, Dzşʼásʻpynʻ (Yiddish)
Nicknames
Jobe, JJ, Jowse, Jody, Fi, Fientje, Fifi, Fike, Fina, Jael, Jo, Joephy, Joey, Joja, Jojo, Jos, Josa, Josie, Jossan, Jovi, Johnny, Jussus, Juza, Pepi, Peppa, Phinie, Posey, Posy, Posie, Sefi, Sefina, Sephine, Sophie, Ephine, Effy, Jo-Z, Joan, Jayla, Jay, Fini, Fine, Finka.
Male
Joséphin Péladan (1858–1918), French novelist and martinist
People with the given name Josephine
Royalty
Joséphine-Charlotte of Belgium, Princess of Belgium, Grand Duchess of Luxembourg
Josephine of Leuchtenberg, Queen of Sweden
Joséphine de Beauharnais, Empress Consort of the French, Queen Consort of Italy, first wife of Napoleon Bonaparte
Princess Joséphine of Lorraine, Princess of Carignano
Josephine of Rosenborg, Countess, member of Denmark's Royal Family
Princess Josephine of Baden, Princess of Hohenzollern-Sigmaringen
Princess Joséphine Caroline of Belgium, wife of Prince Karl Anton of Hohenzollern
Princess Josephine of Denmark, Danish princess
Other
Josephine Abady, American stage director, film director, and producer
Josephine Baker, American dancer, jazz and pop singer
Josephine Bakhita, ex-slave from Sudan, Catholic nun and saint
Josefine Balluck, Austrian-American actor
Josephine Bell, English author
Josephine Thorndike Berry (1871-1945), American educator, home economist
Joséphine-Félicité-Augustine Brohan (1824–1893), French actress
Josephine Brunsvik, Hungarian countess, most likely Beethoven's Immortal Beloved
Josephine Butler, British feminist and reformer
Josephine Cashman, Aboriginal Australian lawyer and entrepreneur
Josephine Cochrane, American inventor, inventor of the dishwasher
Joséphine Colomb (1833-1892), French children's writer, lyricist, translator
Josephine Cox (1938–2020), English author
Josefine Cronholm, Swedish jazz vocalist and songwriter
Joséphine de La Baume, French actress
Josefine Cronholm, Swedish ski-orienteering competitor and world champion
Josephine Clay Ford (1923–2005), granddaughter of Henry Ford
Josephine Foster, American folk singer
Josephine Gates Kelly, Native American activist and politician
Josephine Clara Goldmark, American reformer
Josephine Sophia White Griffing, American social reformer
Josephine Hopper, wife and model of painter Edward Hopper
Josephine Humphreys, American novelist
Josephine Hutchinson, American actress
Joséphine Jobert, French actress and singer
Josephine Langford, Australian actress
Josephine Louise Le Monnier Newcomb, American philanthropist
Josefine Lindstrand, Swedish singer
Josephine Shaw Lowell, American social reformer
Josephine Lucchese (1893–1974), American opera singer
Josephine McGill (1877–1919), American composer and music historian
Josephine Meeker (1857–1882), American teacher and physician
Josephine Melville (1961–2022), British actress, director and writer
Josephine Mitchell (born 1965), Australian actress
Josephine Moon, Australian author
Josefine Öqvist (Anna Lenita Josefine Öqvist), Swedish female footballer
Josephine Preston Peabody, American writer
Josefine Preuß, German actor
Josefine Ridell, Swedish singer
Josephine Ruffin, early civil rights activist and suffragist
Josephine Siao, Hong Kong actress
Josephine Skriver, Danish model
Josephine Sparre, Swedish noble
Joséphine Teakarotu (born 1969), French Polynesian politician
Josephine Tewson (1931–2022), British actress
Josephine Tey, mystery writer
Josephine 'Jo' Williams, British businesswoman
Fictional characters
Josephine Bloom, a character played by Marion Cotillard in the 2003 film Big Fish
Josephine Balsamo, a.k.a. Countess Cagliosto, antagonist of Arsène Lupin in novels
Josephine, Captain Corcoran's daughter in the comic opera H.M.S. Pinafore
Josephine "Lena" Duchannes, second protagonist of the novel series Caster Chronicles by Kami Garcia and Margaret Stohl
Josephine "Jo" March, protagonist of the novel Little Women
Josephine “Pepi” Mutzenbacher, protagonist of the novel Josephine Mutzenbacher
Josephine Joey Potter, in the television series Dawson's Creek
Dr Josephine Jo Karev, in the television series Grey's Anatomy
Josephine Cherette Montilyet, the Chief Ambassador and Diplomat in Dragon Age Inquisition.
Josephine Anwhistle, a fictional character in the series of novels A Series of Unfortunate Events by Lemony Snicket
Josephine Ada Lightbourne, a character in the television series The 100
Josephine Barry, a character in the television series Anne with an E
See also
Josephina (disambiguation)
Josephine (disambiguation)
Josie (name)
Giuseppina (given name)
"Josephine the Singer, or the Mouse Folk", a short story by Franz Kafka
References
External links
Josephine database.
Behind The Name.
Etymology Online.
United States Social Security Database.
English feminine given names
Feminine given names
Hebrew feminine given names | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Josephine%20%28given%20name%29 |
On the Mouth is the third studio album by American indie rock band Superchunk. The album was recorded September 14–20, 1992, at West Beach Studios, engineered by Donnell Cameron, and produced by John Reis and Superchunk. It was released by Matador Records in 1993.
On the Mouth marked the debut of drummer Jon Wurster, who replaced Chuck "Chunk" Garrison.
The band also has a song called "On the Mouth," but it is not on this album. It first appeared as b-side for the single version of "Mower."
American alternative rock band Jimmy Eat World covered "Precision Auto" for its 2010 album Invented. Fucked Up and Tom Scharpling, of Scharpling and Wurster fame, covered "Precision Auto" at the Matador at 21 festival in Las Vegas. Post-punk band Les Savy Fav covered "Precision Auto" on "Score! 20 Years of Merge Records: The Covers!"
Track listing
"Precision Auto" – 2:46
"From the Curve" – 3:18
"For Tension" – 2:59
"Mower" – 3:45
"Package Thief" – 2:28
"Swallow That" – 6:14
"I Guess I Remembered It Wrong" – 3:33
"New Low" – 3:20
"Untied" – 4:12
"The Question is How Fast" – 4:06
"Trash Heap" – 3:25
"Flawless" – 2:33
"The Only Piece That You Get" – 2:41
References
1993 albums
Superchunk albums
Matador Records albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/On%20the%20Mouth |
Rifabutin (Rfb) is an antibiotic used to treat tuberculosis and prevent and treat Mycobacterium avium complex. It is typically only used in those who cannot tolerate rifampin such as people with HIV/AIDS on antiretrovirals. For active tuberculosis it is used with other antimycobacterial medications. For latent tuberculosis it may be used by itself when the exposure was with drug-resistant TB.
Common side effects include abdominal pain, nausea, rash, headache, and low blood neutrophil levels. Other side effects include muscles pains and uveitis. , especially when hitting Bartonella and Babesia colonies in the capillaries of the ciliary body in the eye anterior chamber. While no harms have been found during pregnancy it has not been well studied in this population. Rifabutin is in the rifamycin family of medications. It works by blocking RNA production in bacteria.
Rifabutin was approved for medical use in the United States in 1992. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.
Medical uses
Rifabutin is now recommended as first-line treatment for tuberculosis (TB), but rifampicin was used more widely because of its cheaper cost. However, due to the expiration of patents, prices are now similar.
Rifabutin is also used in the treatment of Mycobacterium avium complex disease, a bacterial infection most commonly encountered in people with late-stage AIDS. Its has fewer drug interactions than rifampicin, therefore people with HIV/AIDS on HAART are typically prescribed rifabutin instead of rifampicin for the treatment of TB.
Rifabutin is well-tolerated in people with HIV-related TB, but new findings suggest that those with low CD4+ cell counts have a higher risk of treatment failure or relapse due to acquired rifamycin resistance. Since patients co-infected with TB and HIV are likely to be treated for TB first, when the CD4+ cell population is depressed at the time TB treatment begins, doctors and patients should be aware of the possibility for rifamycin resistance to develop.
Crohn's disease
Rifabutin is being tested in clinical trials for treating Crohn's disease as part of the anti-MAP therapy. In a Phase III study administering sub-therapeutic doses of rifabutin in combination therapy to patients not identified with Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (MAP) infections, it was associated with significant short term benefits.
Others
Rifabutin is also being investigated for the treatment of infections caused by the Gram-negative bacillus Acinetobacter baumannii, which has shown promise in animal studies.
Rifamycins, including rifabutin, are useful in the treatment of Chlamydophila pneumoniae (Cpn) infection.
History
Scientists at the Italian drug company Achifar discovered rifabutin in 1975. (Eventually Archifar became part of Farmitalia Carlo Erba, a unit of the conglomerate Montedison which was subsequently bought by Pharmacia) This company's Adria Laboratories subsidiary filed for Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approval of rifabutin under the brand name Mycobutin in the early 1990s and the drug gained FDA approval in December 1992.
Rifabutin is primarily bactericidal antibiotic drug used to treat tuberculosis. Its effect on bacteria is based on the DNA-dependent RNA polymerase blocking drug rifamycin S, a semi-synthetic derivative. It is effective, for example, in highly resistant mycobacteria, Gram-positive bacteria (and some are effective against Gram-negative bacteria), but also against Mycobacterium tuberculosis, M. leprae, and M. avium intracellulare.
References
External links
Rifamycin antibiotics
CYP3A4 inducers
World Health Organization essential medicines
Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate
Anti-tuberculosis drugs
Pfizer brands | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rifabutin |
Urayoán was a Taíno "Cacique" (Chief) famous for ordering the drowning of Diego Salcedo to determine whether the Spanish were gods.
He was the cacique of "Yucayeque del Yagüeka or Yagüeca", which today lies in the region between Añasco and Mayagüez, Puerto Rico. His territory was marked by the natural boundaries of two rivers: Guaorabo to the north and Yagüez to the south. In 1511, Urayoán and Agüeybaná II (The Brave) conceived a plan to find out whether the Spaniards were really gods. Diego Salcedo (a Spanish soldier) was welcomed by Urayoán into his village and was offered to stay for the night. The following day, by Urayoán's order, Salcedo was drowned while attempting to cross, while on top of a Taíno warrior, the Guaorabo River (presently called Río Grande de Añasco). The body of Salcedo was watched for three days after his death. Upon confirmation of the mortality of the Spanish, Agüeybaná II ordered the Taínos to revolt.
See also
List of Puerto Ricans
Agüeybaná
Agüeybaná II
List of Taínos
Arasibo
Hayuya
Jumacao
Orocobix
Tibes Indigenous Ceremonial Center
References
External links
History of Puerto Rico
Year of birth missing
Year of death missing
Taíno leaders
16th-century monarchs in North America
16th-century indigenous people of the Americas
16th century in Puerto Rico
Puerto Rican people of Taíno descent | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Urayo%C3%A1n |
José F. Aponte Hernández (born January 19, 1958) is an accountant and former Speaker of the House of Representatives of Puerto Rico. He was born in San Juan and obtained a bachelor's degree in Accounting from the University of Puerto Rico at Rio Piedras in 1980.
Personal life
Aponte is married to Aida I. Rodríguez Roig, and has two sons and one daughter. He currently resides in San Lorenzo. He was the New Progressive Party (PNP) General Secretary during the Rosselló administration. One of his older brothers, Néstor, is a state appellate judge, while another, Jorge, was the Director of the Office of Management and Budget during the Rosselló administration.
Career
He served as Secretary-General of the New Progressive Party from 1996 to 1997 (acting) and 1997 to 1999.
Aponte was appointed to fill the vacancy left by his brother Néstor Aponte Hernández, as Representative from the 33rd District, after he resigned to become an Appellate Court Judge. Aponte was elected as Representative in the 2000 general elections, and was re-elected as an At-Large Representative in the 2004, 2008, and 2012 general elections.
After the New Progressive Party elected 32 members of the 51-seat House of Representatives in the 2004 general elections, Aponte was elected the 28th Speaker of the House on January 10. He is also a member of the Puerto Rico Republican Party. He was defeated in his bid for re-election for Speaker by the new 37-member majority New Progressive Party caucus, which elected then Government Affairs Committee Chairwoman, Jenniffer A. González Colón.
Aponte has advocated for statehood supporting a project for statehood in 2010 and asking congress in 2016 to prioritise admitting Puerto Rico as a state .
During the COVID-19 Pandemic, Aponte spoke out against retailers who were operating game machines in their establishments, explaining that if the casinos were not allowed to operate during the pandemic neither should these smaller establishments.
In February 2023, he pleaded for the annexation of Puerto Rico before the Congress of the United States of America..
References
1958 births
Living people
New Progressive Party members of the House of Representatives of Puerto Rico
New Progressive Party (Puerto Rico) politicians
Politicians from San Juan, Puerto Rico
Speakers of the House of Representatives of Puerto Rico
Republican Party (Puerto Rico) politicians
University of Puerto Rico alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9%20Aponte%20Hern%C3%A1ndez |
Foolish is the fourth studio album by American indie rock band Superchunk. It was recorded November 30 through December 2, 1993, at Pachyderm Studios, by Brian Paulson and mixed by the band and Paulson at Steve Albini's home studio. The album was released by Merge Records in 1994.
The cover art is credited to the band's bassist, Laura Ballance. Ballance has stated that although the painting has generated much speculation into its deeper meaning, it was simply an "unpracticed" attempt to hark back to an American Music Club album cover. She was the only model available to her, and the dead rabbit was added after she had watched the Michael Moore film Pets or Meat.
Foolish was completed shortly after Ballance and the band's guitarist and lead singer, Mac McCaughan, had broken up. While Ballance rates the album as her third favorite in the band's catalog, she stated that, "....touring for Foolish was so hard. Listening to those words every night and feeling so mute. I didn't get to say anything, and here he was saying everything. I would be up there jumping up and down with tears streaming down my face.
This is the second consecutive Superchunk album where the band recorded a song of the same name, but didn't put it on the album. The US vinyl edition of the album included "Foolish" on a bonus 7" single. The song eventually appeared on the band's Incidental Music compilation.
The video for "Driveway to Driveway" is a takeoff on the classic film The Philadelphia Story. In the video, drummer Jon Wurster plays a rich buffoon and singer Mac McCaughan plays a scrappy lower-class guy both competing for the affections of Ballance's character. Guitarist Jim Wilbur plays a butler. The four members also portray musicians.
Track listing
"Like a Fool" – 4:42
"The First Part" – 4:47
"Water Wings" – 4:03
"Driveway to Driveway" – 4:41
"Saving my Ticket" – 3:25
"Kicked In" – 4:22
"Why Do You Have to Put a Date on Everything" – 4:33
"Without Blinking" – 3:10
"Keeping Track" – 4:42
"Revelations" – 3:38
"Stretched Out" – 4:13
"In a Stage Whisper" – 3:59
References
1994 albums
Superchunk albums
Merge Records albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foolish%20%28album%29 |
The Meitei script (), also known as the Meetei script (), is an abugida used for the Meitei language, the official language of Manipur state and one of the 22 official languages of India. It is one of the official scripts of the Indian Republic. It is also popularly known as the Kanglei script () and the Kok Sam Lai script (). Its earliest known evidence of existence dates back to the 6th century AD coins, engraving the Meitei letters, as verified by the various publications of the National Sahitya Akademi. It was used until the 18th century, when it was replaced by the Bengali alphabet. A few manuscripts survive. In the 20th century, the script has experienced a resurgence, and is again being used. Starting from 2021, Meitei script (officially known as Meetei Mayek) was officially used by the Government of Manipur, along with the Bengali-Assamese script, to write the Meitei language, as per "The Manipur Official Language (Amendment) Act, 2021".
Since Meitei does not have voiced consonants, there are only fifteen consonant letters used for native words, plus three letters for pure vowels. Nine additional consonant letters inherited from the Indic languages are available for borrowings. There are seven vowel diacritics and a final consonant () diacritic. The names of the twenty-seven letters are not only phonetic names, but also based on parts of the human body.
History
6th century - 7th century
The ancient Meitei script (old Manipuri script) is first evident in the coins issued during the eras of Meitei Kings, Ura Konthouba (568-653 AD) and Ayangba (821-910 AD). These coins are presently preserved in the Mutua Museum in Imphal.
The earliest stone inscription in Meitei script found from the Khoibu village in Manipur is widely believed to of the time of King Ura Konthouba, that is around 6th-7th century CE. But there is no authenticity of the fact as of now. This Meitei inscription is presently kept in the Manipur Government Museum, Imphal.
8th century
The earliest copper plate Meitei inscription dates back to the 8th century AD. It was inscribed during the reign of Meitei King Khongtekcha (). It was discovered by scholar Yumjao from Phayeng village in the east of Imphal in the year 1935. It is one of the preserved earliest known written records for Meitei literature.
Yumjao, the discoverer of the 8th century copper plate inscription, opined that Meitei script was developed during the 8th century, but his fact was contradicted by the evidence of the Meitei script engravings on the coins of the 6th-7th century eras. This contradiction is well noted in the Volume 1 of the Encyclopedia of Indian Literature published by the Sahitya Akademi in the year 1987.
11th century
Contradictory to the various publications of the National Sahitya Akademi about the unanimous earliest attested dating of the Meitei script, many people gave personal opinions in their research works as Meitei script was developed in the 11th century, 18th century, 19th century, etc.
The Meitei script is a Brahmic abugida. According to Singh (1962), an archaic form of the script had developed by the 11th century, and it was in use until the early 18th century, when it was replaced by the Bengali script. By contrast, Tomba (1993) claims that the script is a development of , with all supposedly older documents being deliberate forgeries. According to K.S. Singh and Mahoharan (1993), as per the modifications of the phonemic distributions of Meitei language, the script belongs to the Tibetan group of scripts.
A stone inscription found at Khoibu in Tengnoupal district, of current Manipur state, contains royal edicts of king Senbi Kiyamba (d. 1508), representing the earliest portion of the Chietharol Kumbaba or Royal Chronicle of Manipur. It is one of the primary texts in the Meitei script.
20th century
In 1980, a modernized version of the writing system was approved by Manipur state law for use in educational institutions.
21st century
2009
The modernised version of the Meitei script was encoded in Unicode in the year 2009.
2023 planning in 2022
All the newspapers in Meitei language (Manipuri language) will be using the "Meitei script" () instead of the Bengali script from , according to a joint meeting consensus of the "Meetei Erol Eyek Loinasillol Apunba Lup" (MEELAL), "All Manipur Working Journalists' Union" (AMWJU) and "Editors' Guild Manipur" (EGM) in Imphal.
Letters
One of the unique features of this script is the use of body parts in naming the letters. Every letter is named after a human body part in the Meitei language. For example, the first letter "kok" means "head"; the second letter "sam" means "hair"; the third letter "lai" means "forehead", and so on. This is corroborated from the holybook "Wakoklon Heelel Thilel Salai Amailon Pukok Puya", which details how each script originated received its nomenclature.
Primary letters
Evolved consonant letters
Lonsum letters
Vowel diacritics
Numerals
In Meitei religion
In Sanamahism (traditional Meitei religion), the Meitei letters (including Meitei numerals) are believed to be the divine creations (or the divine manifestations) of the supreme deity in the universe.
Unicode
The Meitei script was added to the Unicode Standard in October, 2009 with the release of version 5.2.
Blocks
The Unicode block for the Meitei script, called Meetei Mayek, is U+ABC0 – U+ABFF.
Characters for historical orthographies are part of the Meetei Mayek Extensions block at U+AAE0 – U+AAFF.
Software
Meitei Mayek keyboards and other input methods are available at or supported by:
Gboard
Apple iOS 13
Linux
Macintosh operating systems
Microsoft SwiftKey
Windows
Sample text
The following is a Meitei language sample text of the Article 1 of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights (by the United Nations) in Meitei script, its romanisation, its IPA and its English version:
See also
Meitei inscriptions
List of Meitei-language newspapers
Meetei Mayek (Unicode block)
Meetei Mayek Extensions (Unicode block)
Wikipedia:Meitei script display help
Notes
References
Bibliography
Chelliah, Shobhana L. (1997). A grammar of Meithei. Berlin: Mouton de Gruyter. .
Chelliah, Shobhana L. (2002). Early Meithei manuscripts. In C. I. Beckwith (Ed.), Medieval Tibeto-Burman languages: PIATS 2000: Tibetan studies: Proceedings of the ninth seminar of the International Association of Tibetan Studies, Leiden 2000 (pp. 59–71). Leiden, Netherlands: Brill.
Chelliah, Shobhana L. (2002). A glossary of 39 basic words in archaic and modern Meithei. In C. I. Beckwith (Ed.), Medieval Tibeto-Burman languages: PIATS 2000: Tibetan studies: Proceedings of the ninth seminar of the International Association of Tibetan Studies, Leiden 2000 (pp. 189–190). Leiden, Netherlands: Brill.
External links
Omniglot, a guide to written language
Officially used writing systems of India
Meitei language
Brahmic scripts | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meitei%20script |
Southern Germany () is a region of Germany that included the areas in which Upper German dialects are spoken, which includes the stem duchies of Bavaria and Swabia (present-day Bavaria, Baden-Württemberg, and the southern portion of Hesse and Rhineland-Palatinate that were part of the Duchy of Franconia).
German-speaking Switzerland, Austria, Liechtenstein, Alsace and South Tyrol are historically, culturally, and linguistically associated with the region.
Boundaries
Southern Germany primarily contrasts with Northern Germany and defines the territories of modern Germany that did not form part of the North German Confederation in the 19th century. Between Northern and Southern Germany is the loosely defined area known as Central Germany (Mitteldeutschland), roughly corresponding to the areal of Central German dialects (Franconia, Thuringia, Saxony).
The boundary between the spheres of political influence of Prussia (Northern Germany) and Austria (Southern Germany) within the German Confederation (1815–1866) was known as the "Main line" (Mainlinie, after the river Main), Frankfurt am Main being the seat of the federal assembly. The "Main line" did not follow the course of the River Main upstream of Frankfurt, however, it instead corresponded to the northern border of the Kingdom of Bavaria.
Linguistically, Southern Germany corresponds to the Upper German dialects. Southern Germany is culturally and linguistically more similar to German-speaking Switzerland, Austria, and German-speaking South Tyrol than to Central and Northern Germany. A jocular term referring to a cultural boundary defining Bavarian culture is Weißwurstäquator, i.e. the "equator" dividing Northern Germany from the homeland of the Weißwurst sausage.
Geography
The river Main, flowing westward, through Upper and Lower Franconia and Southern Hesse, through the city of Frankfurt, into the river Rhine at Mainz, is often cited as a natural border between Southern and Middle Germany while the border west of Mainz is, in that respect, less clearly determined. The border between the Palatinate and the Rhineland—roughly a line between Bonn and Bingen, in the mountain ranges (Mittelgebirge) of the Westerwald, the Taunus, and the Eifel, along the Rhine and Mosel rivers—is seen as the cultural border between Southern and Western Germany.
Population
Two of the most populous states of Germany, Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria, are part of Southern Germany. They have a combined population of 23.5 million people. In the broader sense (with Rhineland-Palatinate and the Saarland), Southern Germany includes roughly 30 million people. Thus, about 40% of the German population and almost 30% of all native speakers of the German language live there.
The region has a Catholic majority, but also a significant Lutheran Protestant population (especially in northern Württemberg and some parts of Baden and Franconia (northern Bavaria)), in contrast to the almost entirely Protestant Northern Germany. Due to the immigration of non-Christians, mainly Turks (see Turks in Germany) during the last decades of the twentieth century, there is also a small number (roughly 250,000, i.e. 2–3% of the population) of Muslims.
Major cities
Where a city has different names in English and German, the English name is given first.
Characteristics
Economically, Southern Germany is the strongest part of Germany, with Baden-Württemberg and Bavaria being the powerhouses of manufacturing, especially in the automobile and machinery industry. Furthermore, it is home to some of the country's most prestigious universities (such as the ones in Heidelberg, Munich, Tübingen, and Würzburg).
The specific features of the landscape are rolling hills, Mittelgebirge (mid-range mountains). Southern Germany also has a part of the Alps, in the southeast of the region (Allgäu and Bavarian Alps). In the culinary field, both beer and wine are produced in many varieties throughout the region. The regional cuisine consists of stews, sausages, cabbage, noodles, and other pasta dishes as well as a variety of holiday cookies, cakes, and tarts.
See also
Northern Germany
Central Germany (geography), Central Germany (cultural area)
Western Germany, Eastern Germany
Weißwurstäquator
Upper German
Alemannic dialects
Austro-Bavarian dialects
East Franconian German
South Franconian German
References
Handbook for Travellers in Southern Germany: Being a Guide to Wuertemberg, Bavaria, Austria, Tyrol, Salzburg, Styria, &c., the Austrian and Bavarian Alps, and the Danube from Ulm to the Black Sea, Murray's foreign handbooks, 1871
Regions of Germany | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern%20Germany |
The Chickasaw Turnpike, also designated State Highway 301 (SH-301), is a short toll road in the rural south central region of the U.S. state of Oklahoma. A two-lane freeway, it stretches for from north of Sulphur to just south of Ada. The Oklahoma Turnpike Authority (OTA) owns, maintains, and collects tolls on the turnpike. The first section of the Chickasaw Turnpike opened on September 1, 1991.
The Chickasaw resulted from a compromise between urban and rural legislators. Originally, it was part of a now-canceled plan to connect southern and eastern Oklahoma with a longer turnpike. It was also intended to link Ada to the Interstate system. A segment of the turnpike was transferred to the Oklahoma Department of Transportation (ODOT), making it a toll-free road, in 2011.
Route description
The Chickasaw Turnpike takes a southwest-to-northeast route, passing through only two counties, Murray and Pontotoc. The turnpike begins in Murray County at U.S. Highway 177 (US-177) north of Sulphur; west of this interchange, the road becomes SH-7 Spur. The turnpike continues northeast into Pontotoc County. Just north of the county line is a barrier toll plaza, the only plaza along the route. Beyond the tollbooth lies an interchange serving the town of Roff. This is a partial interchange, providing access to Roff for eastbound travelers and access to the westbound lanes from Roff. The Chickasaw Turnpike then ends at SH-1.
The Chickasaw Turnpike has only two lanes for the majority of its length; however, there is a short eastbound passing lane. The Chickasaw is the only two-lane turnpike in Oklahoma. Lightly traveled, the road is used by about 2,000 vehicles per day.
History
The Chickasaw Turnpike was originally envisioned as a corridor running from Interstate 35 (I-35) near Davis to I-40 near Henryetta. Proposed by southern Oklahoma politicians, the turnpike was intended to promote economic development by connecting Ada to the Interstate Highway System. It was proposed at the same time as three other turnpikes, which would become the Kilpatrick Turnpike in Oklahoma City, the Creek Turnpike in Tulsa, and the Cherokee Turnpike, which bypassed a mountainous section of US-412 in eastern Oklahoma. Rural legislators objected to the Kilpatrick and Creek Turnpikes, and moved to block them unless the Chickasaw Turnpike was built. Urban legislators relented and allowed the Chickasaw to be built as part of a compromise, with legislation requiring that the Chickasaw be built before work on the other two turnpikes could begin. The turnpike was authorized in 1987.
Governor Henry Bellmon opposed the Chickasaw Turnpike, arguing it would be a money loser. Bellmon had the turnpike built with only two lanes and shortened it to its current termini. Dewey F. Bartlett, Jr., an OTA board member (and future mayor of Tulsa), was later quoted as saying "I think it stinks. We never wanted to build it. It was not anything we thought was appropriate. But in order to build the three turnpikes that were necessary, that is the only way they would build it."
Bonds for the first section were approved in 1989. The bonds specifically permitted the turnpike to be transferred to the Oklahoma Department of Transportation and become a free road, the only turnpike in Oklahoma eligible for this type of transfer. At the time, however, ODOT director Bobby Green said that his agency could not buy the turnpike due to a lack of funds. The Chickasaw cost nearly $44 million to build (equivalent to $ in ). Its first section opened on September 1, 1991. Originally, the turnpike began at SH-7 west of Sulphur, proceeding northeast to the US-177 junction, then continuing northeast on its present-day alignment.
As part of his 1994 turnpike package, Governor David Walters proposed expanding the Chickasaw Turnpike to four lanes and extending it to Henryetta. The Chickasaw improvements were eventually cut from the package, which ultimately died when a commission overseeing the sale of bonds by state agencies voted against it.
The OTA voted on November 11, 2002, to open discussions about transferring the Chickasaw to ODOT. The transfer would also include a one-time payment of $14 million (equivalent to $ in ) for maintenance. The turnpike had deteriorated since its original construction; ODOT director Gary Ridley said that recurrent pavement problems necessitated constant repairs. He also mentioned that there were other issues, such as right-of-way problems, that could endanger ODOT's ability to draw from the federal highway trust fund. House Speaker Pro Tempore-designate Danny Hilliard opposed the transfer on the grounds of the road's poor condition, as well as objecting to the partial interchanges. The lawmaker called the Chickasaw Turnpike "an albatross" and said "I told them that unless the Turnpike Authority brought that turnpike up to ODOT specifications, and completed the interchanges at Roff and US-177 north at Sulphur, we're not interested in having that thing dumped on the taxpayers."
To address these concerns, OTA began a $12.8-million (equivalent to $ in ) pavement rehabilitation project on February 9, 2006. Construction constraints required the entire turnpike to be closed in March, causing traffic problems in Sulphur. The turnpike reopened on September 29, 2006. The Oklahoma Transportation Commission, which oversees ODOT, voted on August 6, 2007, to begin feasibility and cost–benefit analysis studies towards accepting the of the turnpike between SH-7 and US-177. On August 1, 2011, the Transportation Commission voted to transfer the section of the turnpike west of US-177 to ODOT, designating it SH-7 Spur. The commission noted that OTA had raised the new SH-7 Spur to meet ODOT standards, and that expansion of the US-177 interchange to full access was the responsibility of ODOT. This was the first time that a turnpike had been transferred from OTA to ODOT. Transferring the turnpike was considered an inexpensive way to solve the problem of excessive truck traffic in Sulphur.
The Chickasaw Turnpike originally bore no numbered designation. On August 2, 2021, the Oklahoma Transportation Commission unanimously approved a motion to apply the SH-301 designation to the turnpike. ODOT Director Tim Gatz stated in the Transportation Commission meeting that the numbering addition was primarily to aid in navigation using digital mapping and routing applications.
Tolls
, passengers of two-axle vehicles (such as cars and motorcycles) pay tolls of $1.50 with PlatePay or 65¢ if Pikepass is used. Drivers in vehicles with more than two axles, such as truckers, pay higher tolls. Tolls are collected at the single barrier toll plaza between the US-177 and Roff interchanges. Due to the partial interchanges, it is not possible to legally use the turnpike without passing through this toll plaza. The toll is the same regardless of the point of entry or exit.
The Chickasaw Turnpike has been fully automated since shortly after it opened. As Governor Bellmon predicted, it has been a consistent money loser since opening. Improvements are funded largely through proceeds from the more profitable Turner and Will Rogers Turnpikes.
, the Chickasaw Turnpike is now fully cashless with Pikepass or PlatePay as the option to pay the toll.
Exit list
See also
References
External links
Toll roads in Oklahoma
Two-lane freeways in the United States
Transport infrastructure completed in 1991
1991 establishments in Oklahoma
Transportation in Murray County, Oklahoma
Transportation in Pontotoc County, Oklahoma | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chickasaw%20Turnpike |
The Whisperer in Darkness is a 26,000-word novella by American writer H. P. Lovecraft. Written February–September 1930, it was first published in Weird Tales, August 1931. Similar to The Colour Out of Space (1927), it is a blend of horror and science fiction. Although it makes numerous references to the Cthulhu Mythos, the story is not a central part of the mythos, but reflects a shift in Lovecraft's writing at this time towards science fiction. The story also introduces the Mi-Go, an extraterrestrial race of fungoid creatures.
Plot
The story is told by Albert N. Wilmarth, an instructor of literature at Miskatonic University in Arkham, Massachusetts. When local newspapers report strange things seen floating in rivers during a historic flood in Vermont, Wilmarth becomes embroiled in a controversy regarding the reality and significance of the sightings. He sides with the skeptics, blaming old legends about monsters living in uninhabited hills that abduct people venturing too close to their territory.
Wilmarth receives a letter from Henry Wentworth Akeley, a man living in an isolated farmhouse near Townshend, Vermont, who claims to have proof that will convince Wilmarth he must stop questioning the creatures' existence. The two exchange letters that include an account of the extraterrestrial race chanting with human agents in worship of several beings, including Cthulhu and Nyarlathotep, the latter of whom "shall put on the semblance of men, the waxen mask and the robe that hides".
The agents intercept Akeley's messages and harass his farmhouse nightly. They exchange gunfire and many of Akeley's guard dogs are killed, as are several of the agents. Later, Akeley reports having killed members of the extraterrestrial race, describing them as bleeding a sickly greenish fluid. Although Akeley expresses more in his letters, he abruptly has a change of heart. He writes that he has met with the beings and has learned that they are peaceful. Furthermore, they have taught him of marvels beyond all imagination. He urges Wilmarth to pay him a visit and to bring along the letters and photographic evidence that he had sent him. Wilmarth reluctantly consents.
Wilmarth arrives to find Akeley in a pitiful physical condition, immobilized in a chair in darkness. Akeley tells Wilmarth about the beings and the wonders they have revealed to him. He also says that the beings can surgically extract a human brain and place it into a canister wherein it can live indefinitely and withstand the rigors of space travel. Akeley says he has agreed to undertake such a journey and points to a cylinder bearing his name. Wilmarth also listens to a brain in a cylinder as it speaks, by way of attached devices, of the positive aspects of the journey and why Wilmarth should join it in the trip to Yuggoth, the beings' outpost on Pluto. During these conversations, Wilmarth feels a vague sense of unease, especially from Akeley's odd manner of buzzing whispering.
During the night, a sleepless Wilmarth overhears a disturbing conversation with several voices, some of which are distinctly bizarre. Once all is silent, he creeps downstairs to investigate. He finds that Akeley is no longer present, but the robe he was wearing is discarded in the chair. Upon a closer look, he makes a horrifying discovery amid the folds of the robe which sends him fleeing the farmhouse by stealing Akeley's car. When the authorities investigate the next day, they find nothing but a bullet-riddled house. Akeley has disappeared along with all the physical evidence of the extraterrestrial presence.
As the story concludes, Wilmarth discloses the discovery from which he fled in terror: Akeley's discarded face and hands. These were utilized by something inhuman to disguise itself as a man. He now believes with a dreadful certainty that the cylinder in that dark room with that whispering creature already contained the brain of Henry Wentworth Akeley.
Characters
Albert Wilmarth
The narrator of the story, Albert N. Wilmarth is described as a folklorist and assistant professor of English at Miskatonic University. He investigates the strange events that followed in the wake of the historic Vermont floods of 1927.
Wilmarth is also mentioned in Lovecraft's At the Mountains of Madness, where the narrator remarks that he wishes he hadn't "talked so much with that unpleasantly erudite folklorist Wilmarth at the university." Elsewhere, the story refers to "the wild tales of cosmic hill things from outside told by a folklorist colleague in Miskatonic's English department."
Wilmarth is the main character in Fritz Leiber's "To Arkham and the Stars", written and presumably set in 1966, when the now-septuagenarian professor is chair of Miskatonic's Literature Department. Leiber describes him as "slender [and] silver-haired", with a "mocking sardonic note which has caused some to call him 'unpleasantly' rather than simply 'very' erudite." He acknowledges keeping "in rather closer touch with the Plutonians or Yuggothians than perhaps even old Dyer guesses." Wilmarth remarks in the story, "[A]fter you've spent an adult lifetime at Miskatonic, you discover you've developed a rather different understanding from the herd's of the distinction between the imaginary and the real."
In Brian Lumley's novel The Burrowers Beneath and its sequels, the Wilmarth Foundation is an Arkham-based organization dedicated to combating what Lumley refers to as the Cthulhu Cycle Deities.
Robert M. Price describes Wilmarth as "the model Lovecraft protagonist. ... Wilmarth starts out blissfully ignorant and only too late learns the terrible truth, and that only after a long battle with his initial rationalistic skepticism."
Lawrence King's 2018 novel Haunted Hills presumes that Wilmarth returned to the Akeley farm and is replaced by the Mi-Go "whisperer." In his guise as Dr. Wilmarth, the Mi-Go returns to Miskatonic University awaiting the fulfillment of his purpose for being on Earth.
Henry Akeley
Henry Wentworth Akeley is a Vermont folklorist and correspondent of Albert Wilmarth. Henry Akeley became a noted academic, probably in the study of folklore. His wife died in 1901 after giving birth to his only heir, George Goodenough Akeley. When he retired, Akeley returned to his ancestral home, a two-story farmhouse in the Vermont hills near the slopes of Dark Mountain. In September 1928, he was visited by Professor Wilmarth, who was researching bizarre legends of the region. Shortly thereafter, Akeley disappeared mysteriously from his mountaintop home—though Wilmarth believed that he fell victim to the machinations of the sinister Fungi from Yuggoth. S. T. Joshi, has suggested that the possible creature masquerading as Akeley is actually Nyarlathotep, due to a quote from what the Mi-go chant on the phonograph record: "To Nyarlathotep, Mighty Messenger, must all things be told. And He shall put on the semblance of men, the waxen mask and the robe that hides, and come down from the world of Seven Suns to mock..." He writes that "this seems a clear allusion to Nyarlathotep disguised with Akeley's face and hands but if so, it means that at this time Nyarlathotep is, in bodily form, one of the fungi — especially if, as seems likely, Nyarlathotep is one of the two buzzing voices Albert Wilmarth overhears at the end." Joshi notes this is problematic, because "if Nyarlathotep is (as critics have termed it) a 'shapeshifter', why would he have to don the face and hands of Akeley instead of merely reshaping himself as Akeley?"
In his sequel to "The Whisperer in Darkness", "Documents in the Case of Elizabeth Akeley" (1982), Richard A. Lupoff explores the idea that Akeley did not fall prey to the Mi-go as is suggested in the book, but instead joined them willingly. Lupoff also proposes that Akeley was the illegitimate son of Abednego Akeley, a minister for a Vermont sect of the Starry Wisdom Church, and Sarah Phillips, Abednego's maidservant.
George Goodenough Akeley
Akeley is mentioned in The Whisperer in Darkness as the son of Henry Wentworth Akeley. According to The Whisperer in Darkness, George moved to San Diego, California, after his father retired.
The 1976 Fritz Leiber story "The Terror From the Depths" mentions Akeley being consulted at his San Diego home by Professor Albert Wilmarth in 1937.
"Documents in the Case of Elizabeth Akeley", a 1982 sequel to The Whisperer in Darkness by Richard A. Lupoff, describes Akeley, inspired by the evangelist Aimee McPherson, starting a sect called the Spiritual Light Brotherhood and serving as its leader, the Radiant Father. After his death, his granddaughter Elizabeth Akeley took over the role.
In 1928, Lovecraft took a trip through rural Vermont with a man named Arthur Goodenough. During his jaunt, he met a local farmer with a name that bears a striking resemblance to the ill-fated character of Lovecraft's tale: one Bert G. Akley.
Noyes
A largely unknown man who is allied with the Mi-Go, or the Outer Ones and is connected with both the disappearance of a local farmer, a man named Brown, and the security of the Mi-Go camp. He aided Wilmarth upon his arrival in Brattleboro and took him to Akeley's home. Afterward, Noyes is seen and heard sleeping on the sofa during Wilmarth's escape.
In Lawrence King's 2018 novel Haunted Hills, Noyes returns as both an aide and hindrance to the sinister plot of the Mi-Go "whisperer."
References to other works
The following passage from The Whisperer in Darkness lists the names of various beings and places that occur in the works of Lovecraft and other writers:
Among the more obscure names mentioned here are:
Bethmoora
Bethmoora is a fabled city in an eponymous story by Lord Dunsany, a favorite author of Lovecraft.
Bran
Bran is an ancient British pagan deity. However, in this context, Lovecraft refers to Bran Mak Morn, last king of the Picts in Robert E. Howard's swords-and-sorcery fiction. The reference is a homage to Howard, one of his correspondents.
L'mur-Kathulos
Lmur may refer to Lemuria, a fabled land bridge but a sunken continent in the Cthulhu Mythos. Kathulos is an Atlantean sorcerer, the titular character of Robert E. Howard's story Skull-Face. A reader had written to Howard asking if Kathulos derived from Cthulhu. Howard mentioned this in a letter to Lovecraft; Lovecraft liked the notion, and in his reply said that he might adopt the name into the mythos in the future.
Magnum Innominandum
Magnum Innominandum means "the great not-to-be-named" in Latin.
Yian
Yian probably refers to Yian-Ho. In the short story "Through the Gates of the Silver Key" (1934), a collaboration between Lovecraft and E. Hoffman Price, Yian-Ho is a "dreadful and forbidden city" on the Plateau of Leng. Yian also may refer to the fictional city of Yian, in the "weird" short story "The Maker of Moons" (1896) by Robert W. Chambers (one of Lovecraft's favourite authors).
Inspiration
In "The Whisperer in Darkness", narrator Albert Wilmarth initially dismisses those who believe that nonhuman creatures inhabit the Vermont hills as "merely romanticists who insisted on trying to transfer to real life the fantastic lore of lurking 'little people' made popular by the magnificent horror-fiction of Arthur Machen." This line, Lovecraft scholar Robert M. Price argues, is an acknowledgement of the debt Lovecraft's story owes to Machen's The Novel of the Black Seal (1895). He writes:
Price points out parallel passages in the two stories: Where Machen asks, "What if the obscure and horrible race of the hills still survived...?" Lovecraft hints at "a hidden race of monstrous beings which lurked somewhere among the remoter hills". Where Machen mentions "strange shapes gathering fast amidst the reeds, beside the wash in the river," Lovecraft tells of "certain odd stories of things found floating in some of the swollen rivers." Price suggests that Machen's reference to accounts of people "who vanished strangely from the earth" prompted Lovecraft to imagine people being literally spirited off the Earth.
As noted by critics like Price and Lin Carter, The Whisperer in Darkness also makes reference to names and concepts in Robert W. Chambers's The King in Yellow, some of which had previously been borrowed from Ambrose Bierce. In a letter to Clark Ashton Smith, Lovecraft wrote that "Chambers must have been impressed with 'An Inhabitant of Carcosa' & 'Haita the Shepherd', which were first published during his youth. But he even improves on Bierce in creating a shuddering background of horror—a vague, disquieting memory which makes one reluctant to use the faculty of recollection too vigorously."
The Vermont floods mentioned at the start of the story by Wilmarth, initiating his interest in the case, were a real natural disaster.
The idea of keeping a human brain alive in a jar (with mechanical attachments allowing sight, hearing, and speech) to enable travel in areas inhospitable to the body might have been inspired by the book The World, the Flesh, and the Devil by J.D. Bernal, which describes and suggests the feasibility of a similar device. The book was published in 1929, just a year before Lovecraft wrote his story.
Significance
In addition to being a textbook example of Lovecraft's characteristically non-occult brand of horror, in an age when the genre consisted almost entirely of ghosts, vampires, goblins, and similar traditional tales, "Whisperer" is one of the earliest literary appearances of the now-cliché concept of an isolated brain (although the alien brain case is not transparent as with later cinematic examples of this trope).
The story retains some seemingly supernatural elements, such as its claim that the alien fungi, although visible to the naked eye and physically tangible, do not register on photographic plates and instead produce an image of the background absent the creature (an impossibility by any known laws of optics, though a trait commonly attributed to vampires), although the story does mention that this is possibly due to the creatures' fungoid and alien structure which works differently from any known physical organism. It is stated that the electrons of these fungoid aliens possess a different vibrational frequency that would require the development of a novel technique by a chemist in order to record their image.
Reception
In a letter to the January 1932 Weird Tales, Donald Wandrei praised The Whisperer in Darkness, as well as "The Seeds of Death" by David H. Keller and the stories of Clark Ashton Smith. Robert Weinberg claimed the story's ending was "predictable". However, Weinberg also praised "the detailed buildup" of The Whisperer in Darkness, arguing it created "the superb mood that needed no surprise to make it a classic of fantastic horror".
Adaptations
Alberto Breccia illustrated a fifteen-page adaptation in 1979.
The story was adapted into comics and expanded upon in the first three issues of H. P. Lovecraft's Cthulhu: The Whisperer in Darkness with a script by Mark Ellis and Terry Collins, with art provided by Darryl Banks and Don Heck in 1991–1992.
The third segment of the anthology film Necronomicon is loosely adapted from the story.
The H. P. Lovecraft Historical Society has produced a film version made like a 1930s horror film, which premiered at the 2011 Seattle International Film Festival. Sandy Petersen, author of the Call of Cthulhu role-playing game, contributed financially to the film in order to finish its production.
A video game adaptation by Nathaniel Nelson (writer, designer, programmer), Quincy Bowen (artist) and Mark Sparling (composer, sound designer) was created in 2014 for The Public Domain Jam.
In 2017, Caitlín R. Kiernan published a sequel novella, Agents of Dreamland, set in 2015 and involving the New Horizons probe's flyby of Pluto.
In 2018, Lawrence King published a sequel novel, Haunted Hills, set in 2018 as part of his Miskatonic University trilogy. This novel expands on the Mi-Go "whisper's" plot to return to Yuggoth and the efforts to prevent him.
In December 2019, BBC Radio 4 aired an adaptation of The Whisperer in Darkness as part of The Lovecraft Investigations, taking the form of a modern-day true crime podcast set in Suffolk, as a sequel to the 2018 adaptation of The Case of Charles Dexter Ward. The adaptation incorporates such elements of British folklore as neopaganism, numbers stations, and the Rendlesham Forest incident.
In May 2020, the H. P. Lovecraft Historical Society released an audio adaptation of the story as part of their Dark Adventure Radio Theatre series.
References
Sources
Primary
Definitive version.
Secondary
External links
The Whisperer in Darkness, by H. P. Lovecraft.
"The Novel of the Black Seal", by Arthur Machen (Project Gutenberg)
Film adaptation trailer
1931 short stories
Cthulhu Mythos short stories
Fantasy short stories
Fiction set in 1928
Fiction set on Pluto
Massachusetts in fiction
Short stories adapted into films
Short stories by H. P. Lovecraft
Works originally published in Weird Tales
Vermont in fiction
Weird fiction novels | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Whisperer%20in%20Darkness |
Carlos Païta (10 March 1932 – 19 December 2015) was an Argentine conductor. He was born in Buenos Aires.
His father was originally from Hungary, his mother was a singer from Italy. At a young age, Païta attended rehearsals by Wilhelm Furtwängler at the Teatro Colón. Later he studied conducting with Artur Rodziński. He started his professional career at the Colón Theater in Buenos Aires. He first conducted the Stuttgart Radio Symphony Orchestra in 1966 and moved permanently to Europe in 1968. He made his US debut with the Houston Symphony Orchestra in 1979. As of 2003, he was resident in Geneva.
Paita was awarded the Grand Prix du Disque for his 1968 recording on the London Records - Phase 4 Stereo Concert Series album A Wagner Festival. This LP featured selections from Tristan und Isolde, The Flying Dutchman and Die Meistersinger von Nürnberg.
He was also awarded the Grand Prix du Disque for his 1978 LP recording of Berlioz's Symphonie Fantastique with the London Symphony Orchestra.
He is largely noted for a series of recordings issued on his own Lodia Records label. As of 2006, this label went out of business; these records are highly sought-after collectors’ items.
He died in Geneva, Switzerland on 19 December 2015 at the age of 83.
Discography
Beethoven, Coriolan Overture, London Philharmonic Orchestra
Beethoven, Leonore Overture III, Netherlands Radio Philharmonic Orchestra
Beethoven, Third Symphony ("Eroica"), Scottish National Orchestra
Beethoven, Fifth Symphony, Philharmonic Symphony Orchestra
Beethoven, Seventh Symphony, Philharmonic Symphony Orchestra
Berlioz, Symphonie Fantastique, London Symphony Orchestra
Borodin, In the Steppes of Central Asia, Philharmonic Symphony Orchestra
Brahms, First Symphony, National Philharmonic Orchestra
Bruckner, Eighth Symphony, Philharmonic Symphony Orchestra
Dvořák, Seventh Symphony, Philharmonic Symphony Orchestra
Dvořák, Eighth Symphony, Royal Philharmonic Orchestra
Dvořák, Ninth Symphony ("From the New World"), Royal Philharmonic Orchestra
Glinka, Ruslan and Ludmilla (overture), National Philharmonic Orchestra
Mahler, First Symphony ("Titan"), Royal Philharmonic Orchestra
Mussorgsky, Pictures at an Exhibition, National Philharmonic Orchestra
Rossini, Overtures, Royal Philharmonic Orchestra
Schubert, Ninth Symphony ("Great"), Royal Philharmonic Orchestra
Tchaikovsky, Capriccio Italien, Russian Philharmonic Orchestra
Tchaikovsky, Hamlet Overture-Fantasia, Russian Philharmonic Orchestra
Tchaikovsky, Marche Slave, Russian Philharmonic Orchestra
Tchaikovsky, Romeo and Juliet, Russian Philharmonic Orchestra
Tchaikovsky, Fourth Symphony, Moscow New Russian Orchestra
Tchaikovsky, Sixth Symphony ("Pathetique"), National Philharmonic Orchestra
Verdi, Requiem, Royal Philharmonic Orchestra
Wagner, Götterdämmerung (extracts), Ute Vinzing, James King, Philharmonia Orchestra
Wagner, Die Meistersinger Overture, Philharmonic Symphony Orchestra
Wagner, Rienzi Overture, Netherlands Radio Philharmonic Orchestra
Wagner, The Flying Dutchman Overture, Philharmonic Symphony Orchestra
Wagner, Tristan und Isolde (Prelude and Liebestod), Philharmonic Symphony Orchestra
References
External links
Homepage (with sound samples)
Argentine conductors (music)
Male conductors (music)
1932 births
2015 deaths
Musicians from Buenos Aires
20th-century conductors (music)
21st-century conductors (music)
Argentine people of Hungarian descent
Argentine people of Italian descent | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlos%20Pa%C3%AFta |
Brettanomyces bruxellensis (the anamorph of Dekkera bruxellensis) is a yeast associated with the Senne valley near Brussels, Belgium. Despite its Latin species name, B. bruxellensis is found all over the globe. In the wild, it is often found on the skins of fruit.
Beer production
B. bruxellensis plays a key role in the production of the typical Belgian beer styles such as lambic, Flanders red ales, gueuze and kriek, and is part of spontaneous fermentation biota. The Trappist Orval has very little in it aswell. It is naturally found in the brewery environment living within oak barrels that are used for the storage of beer during the secondary conditioning stage. Here it completes the long slow fermentation or super-attenuation of beer, often in symbiosis with Pediococcus sp. Macroscopically visible colonies look whitish and show a dome-shaped aspect, depending on the age and size.
B. bruxellensis is increasingly being used by American craft brewers, especially in Maine, California and Colorado. Jolly Pumpkin Artisan Ales, Allagash Brewing Company, Port Brewing Company, Sierra Nevada Brewing Company, Russian River Brewing Company and New Belgium Brewing Company have all brewed beers fermented with B. bruxellensis. The beers have a slightly sour, earthy character. Some have described them as having a "barnyard" or "wet horse blanket" flavor.
Wine production
In the wine industry, B. bruxellensis is generally considered a spoilage yeast and it and other members of the genus are often referred to as Brettanomyces ("brett"). Its metabolic products can impart "sweaty saddle leather", "barnyard", "burnt plastic" or "band-aid" aromas to wine. Some winemakers in France, and occasionally elsewhere, consider it a desirable addition to wine, e.g., in Château de Beaucastel, but New World vintners generally consider it a defect. Some authorities consider brett to be responsible for 90% of the spoilage problems in premium red wines.
One defense against brett is to limit potential sources of contamination. It occurs more commonly in some vineyards than others, so producers can avoid purchasing grapes from such sources. Used wine barrels purchased from other vintners are another common source. Some producers sanitize used barrels with ozone. Others steam or soak them for many hours in very hot water, or wash them with either citric acid or peroxycarbonate.
If wine becomes contaminated by brett, some vintners sterile filter it, add SO2, or treat it with dimethyl dicarbonate. Both knowledge and experience are considered helpful in avoiding brett and the problems it can cause.
Biochemistry
B. bruxellensis contains the enzyme vinylphenol reductase.
See also
Lambic
Wine fault
Yeast in winemaking
References
"Breaking the mold", Wine Spectator,2006 (March 31), 30(16), pp. 99–100 & 103.
Wild Brews: Beer Beyond the Influence of Brewer's Yeast, Jeff Sparrow, Brewers Publications, Coulder, Colo., 2005
Yeasts
Oenology
Fungal grape diseases
Yeasts used in brewing
Saccharomycetes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brettanomyces%20bruxellensis |
Piotr Czerniawski (born June 20, 1976 in Wrocław) is a Polish poet. He has published two books of poetry and writes for "Rita Baum" magazine.
His poetry has been compared to the work of Marcin Sendecki, Filip Zawada, Grzegorz Wróblewski. Cooperates with poetry vertical portal Nieszuflada.pl. Vice-president of Wikimedia Poland Association from December 15, 2007 to 2011.
A member of the left-wing Razem political party since 2015. In May 2016 he was elected to the party's National Council.
Bibliography
30 łatwych utworów, OKiS, Wrocław 1999
Poprawki do snów, Korporacja Ha!art, Kraków 2005
Przed południem in anthology Wolałbym nie 2009, Korporacja Ha!art, Kraków 2009,
Końcowki. Henryk Bereza mówi (with Adam Wiedemann), Korporacja Ha!art, Kraków 2010,
References
Tekstylia bis. Słownik młodej polskiej kultury, ed. Piotr Marecki, Kraków 2006, s. 174-175.
External links
Home page
Polish male poets
Living people
1976 births
Left Together politicians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piotr%20Czerniawski |
Flexor digiti quinti brevis muscle can refer to:
Flexor digiti quinti brevis muscle (foot)
Flexor digiti quinti brevis muscle (hand) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flexor%20digiti%20quinti%20brevis%20muscle |
Rifapentine, sold under the brand name Priftin, is an antibiotic used in the treatment of tuberculosis. In active tuberculosis it is used together with other antituberculosis medications. In latent tuberculosis it is typically used with isoniazid. It is taken by mouth.
Common side effects include low neutrophil counts in the blood, elevated liver enzymes, and white blood cells in the urine. Serious side effects may include liver problems or Clostridium difficile associated diarrhea. It is unclear if use during pregnancy is safe. Rifapentine is in the rifamycin family of medication and works by blocking DNA-dependent RNA polymerase.
Rifapentine was approved for medical use in the United States in 1998. It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines. In many areas of the world it is not easy to get .
Medical uses
A systematic review of regimens for prevention of active tuberculosis in HIV-negative individuals with latent TB found that a weekly, directly observed regimen of rifapentine with isoniazid for three months was as effective as a daily, self-administered regimen of isoniazid for nine months. The three-month rifapentine-isoniazid regimen had higher rates of treatment completion and lower rates of hepatotoxicity. However, the rate of treatment-limiting adverse events was higher in the rifapentine-isoniazid regimen compared to the nine-month isoniazid regimen.
Pregnancy
Rifapentine has been assigned a pregnancy category C by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA). Rifapentine in pregnant women has not been studied, but animal reproduction studies have resulted in fetal harm and were teratogenic. If rifapentine or rifampin are used in late pregnancy, coagulation should be monitored due to a possible increased risk of maternal postpartum hemorrhage and infant bleeding.
Adverse effects
Common side effects include allergic reaction, anemia, neutropenia, elevated transaminases, and pyuria. Overdoses have been associated with hematuria and hyperuricemia.
Contraindications
Rifapentine should be avoided in patients with an allergy to the rifamycin class of drugs. This drug class includes rifampicin and rifabutin.
Interactions
Rifapentine induces metabolism by CYP3A4, CYP2C8 and CYP2C9 enzymes. It may be necessary to adjust the dosage of drugs metabolized by these enzymes if they are taken with rifapentine. Examples of drugs that may be affected by rifapentine include warfarin, propranolol, digoxin, protease inhibitors and birth control pills.
Chemical structure
The chemical structure of rifapentine is similar to that of rifamycin, with the notable substitution of a methyl group for a cyclopentane (C5H9) group.
History
Rifapentine was first synthesized in 1965, by the same company that produced rifampicin. The drug was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) in June 1998. It is made from rifampicin.
Rifapentine was granted orphan drug designation by the FDA in June 1995, and by the European Commission in June 2010.
Society and culture
Cancer-causing impurities
In August 2020, the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) became aware of nitrosamine impurities in certain samples of rifapentine. The FDA and manufacturers are investigating the origin of these impurities in rifapentine, and the agency is developing testing methods for regulators and industry to detect the 1-cyclopentyl-4-nitrosopiperazine (CPNP). CPNP belongs to the nitrosamine class of compounds, some of which are classified as probable or possible human carcinogens (substances that could cause cancer), based on laboratory tests such as rodent carcinogenicity studies. Although there are no data available to directly evaluate the carcinogenic potential of CPNP, information available on closely related nitrosamine compounds was used to calculate lifetime exposure limits for CPNP.
As of January 2021, the FDA continues to investigate the presence of 1-methyl-4-nitrosopiperazine (MNP) in rifampin or 1-cyclopentyl-4-nitrosopiperazine (CPNP) in rifapentine approved for sale in the US.
See also
Rifampicin
Isoniazid
Rifamycin
Rifabutin
References
External links
Antileprotic drugs
Cyclopentanes
CYP3A4 inducers
Orphan drugs
Rifamycin antibiotics
Wikipedia medicine articles ready to translate
Sanofi
World Health Organization essential medicines | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rifapentine |
Robotech 3000 was Harmony Gold's attempt to revive the Robotech franchise before the turn of the millennium. After the relative success of Voltron: The Third Dimension and Roughnecks: Starship Troopers Chronicles, a new Robotech sequel was proposed that would use 3D CG visuals, with producer Jason Netter and writer Carl Macek at the helm.
Story and development
The story was based during an era of peace under an interplanetary federation a thousand years in the future, to avoid conflicts with Robotech'''s complex continuity.
Some of the new concepts presented were Veritech Excavators, Proteus-group starships, but none of the trademark anime-look and transformable mecha of the earlier series were seen. The response to the Robotech 3000 promotional trailer at the 2000 FanimeCon anime convention was disastrous. Much of the negative feedback concerned the distinctive artistic style of the original anime series were going to be replaced by generic CGI characters in a style that resembled ReBoot. By the 2000 San Diego Comic-Con, it was revealed that the CG project had been cancelled, not only due to negative feedback from fans but also because American animation studio Netter Digital, which had been hired to produce the project, had gone bankrupt earlier that year.
An attempt was made to salvage the series as an anime-style production at Tatsunoko Productions (the studio that animated the original three unrelated TV series that were edited together by Carl Macek to create Robotech) and some pre-production art was produced, but this too was cancelled as a new regime of staffers joined Harmony Gold to once again reboot the Robotech franchise and begin development on Robotech: The Shadow Chronicles.
Home video
The Robotech 3000 trailer was released as part of a collector's edition DVD of Robotech: The Shadow Chronicles'' on November 20, 2007.
References
External links
Universe 3000 - Archived home for Robotech 3000 fandom.
Robotech 3000 Trailer - The CG trailer seen at Comic-Con.
Robotech.com FAQ - The official "line" about abandoned projects such as the Sentinels and RT3000.
Robotech
Unaired television shows
ja:ロボテック#Robotech 3000 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robotech%203000 |
Cyberchrist is the seventh album by heavy metal band Vicious Rumors, released in 1998.
Track listing
"Cyberchrist" - 4:26
"Buried Alive" - 5:05
"Kill the Day" - 4:23
"No Apologies" - 3:29
"Fear of God" - 3:56
"Gigs Eviction" - 3:13
"Barcelona" - 3:07
"Downpour" - 3:07
"Candles Burn" - 5:09
"Fiend" - 2:51
"Faith" - 5:12
"Thorne" - 3:50
Personnel
Geoff Thorpe: Guitars
Steve Smyth: Guitars
Brian O'Connor: Vocals
Tommy Sisco: Bass
Larry Howe: Drums
1998 albums
Vicious Rumors albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyberchrist |
Yelp Inc. is an American company that develops the Yelp.com website and the Yelp mobile app, which publishes crowd-sourced reviews about businesses. It also operates Yelp Guest Manager, a table reservation service. It is headquartered in San Francisco, California.
Yelp was founded in 2004 by former PayPal employees Russel Simmons and Jeremy Stoppelman. It has since become one of the leading sources of user-generated reviews and ratings for businesses.
Yelp grew in usage and raised several rounds of funding in the following years. By 2010, it had $30 million in revenue, and the website had published about 4.5 million crowd-sourced reviews. From 2009 to 2012, Yelp expanded throughout Europe and Asia. In 2009, it entered unsuccessful negotiations to be acquired by Google. Yelp became a public company via an initial public offering in March 2012 and became profitable for the first time two years later.
As of December 31, 2021, approximately 244.4 million reviews were available on its business listing pages. In 2021, the company had 46 million unique visitors to its desktop webpages and 56.7 million unique visitors to its mobile sites. Over 50% of the company's audience has an annual household income of more than $100,000.
The company has been accused of using unfair practices to raise revenue from the businesses that are reviewed on its site e.g., by presenting more negative review information for companies that do not purchase its advertising services or by prominently featuring advertisements of the competitors of such non-paying companies or conversely by excluding negative reviews from companies' overall rating on the basis that the reviews "are not currently recommended". There have also been complaints of aggressive and misleading tactics by some of its advertising sales representatives. The company's review system's reliability has also been affected by the submission of fake reviews by external users, such as false positive reviews submitted by a company to promote its own business or false negative reviews submitted about competing businesses a practice sometimes known as "astroturfing", which the company has tried to combat in various ways.
Company history (2004–present)
Origins (2004–2009)
Two former PayPal employees, Jeremy Stoppelman and Russel Simmons, founded Yelp at a business incubator, MRL Ventures, in 2004. Stoppelman and Simmons conceived the initial idea for Yelp as an email-based referral network, after Stoppelman caught the flu and had a difficult time finding an online recommendation for a local doctor. Max Levchin, the co-founders' former colleague as founding chief technology officer of PayPal and founder of MRL Ventures, provided $1 million in Angel financing. MRL co-founder David Galbraith, who instigated the local services project based on user reviews, came up with the name "Yelp". Stoppelman explained that they decided on "Yelp" for the company's name because "it was short, memorable, easy to spell, and was familiar with 'the help' and 'yellow pages'".
According to Fortune, Yelp's initial email-based system was "convoluted". The idea was rejected by investors and did not attract users beyond the cofounders' friends and family. Usage data showed that users were not answering requests for referrals, but were using the "Real Reviews" feature, which allowed them to write reviews unsolicited. According to The San Francisco Chronicle, "the site's popularity soared" after it was re-designed in late 2005 with the distinctive Burst logo. Yelp raised $5 million in funding in 2005 from Bessemer Venture Partners and $10 million in November 2006 from Benchmark Capital. The number of reviewers on the site grew from 12,000 in 2005, to 100,000 in 2006. By the summer of 2006, the site had one million monthly visitors. It raised $15 million in funding from DAG Ventures in February 2008. In 2010, Elevation Partners invested $100 million; $75 million was spent on purchasing equity from employees and investors, while $25 million was invested in sales staff and expansion. Yelp grew from 6 million monthly visitors in 2007 to 16.5 million in 2008 and from 12 to 24 cities during the same time period. By 2009, the site had 4.5 million reviews. By 2010, Yelp's revenues were estimated to be $30 million and it employed 300 people.
Private company (2009–2012)
Yelp introduced a site for the United Kingdom in January 2009 and one for Canada that August. The first non-English Yelp site was introduced in France in 2010; users had the option to read and write content in French or English. From 2010 to 2011, Yelp launched several more sites, in Austria, Germany, Spain, and the Netherlands. International website traffic doubled during the same time period. An Australian website went live in November 2011. It was supported through a partnership with Telstra, which provided one million initial business listings, and was initially glitchy. Yelp had a presence in 20 countries by the end of 2012, including Turkey and Denmark. Yelp's first site in Asia was introduced in September 2012 in Singapore, which was followed by Japan in 2014.
In December 2009, Google entered into negotiations with Yelp to acquire the company, but the two parties failed to reach an agreement. According to The New York Times, Google offered about $500 million, but the deal fell through after Yahoo offered $1 billion. TechCrunch reported that Google refused to match Yahoo's offer. Both offers were later abandoned following a disagreement between Yelp's management and board of directors about the offers. In June 2015, Yelp published a study alleging Google was altering search results to benefit its own online services.
Yelp began a service called Yelp Deals in April 2011, but by August it cut back on Deals due to increased competition and market saturation. That September, the Federal Trade Commission investigated Yelp's allegations that Google was using Yelp web content without authorization and that Google's search algorithms favored Google Places over similar services provided by Yelp. In a January 2014 agreement, Google was not subject to anti-trust litigation from the FTC, but did have to allow services like Yelp the ability to opt out of having their data scraped and used on Google's websites.
Public entity (2012–present)
Having filed for an initial public offering (IPO) with the Securities Exchange Commission in November 2011, Yelp's stock began public trading on the New York Stock Exchange on March 2, 2012. In 2012, Yelp acquired its largest European rival, Qype, for $50 million. The following year, CEO Jeremy Stoppelman reduced his salary to $1. Yelp acquired start-up online reservation company SeatMe for $12.7 million in cash and stock in 2013. Yelp's second quarter 2013 revenue of $55 million "exceeded expectations", but the company was not yet profitable.
In 2012/13, Yelp moved into its new corporate headquarters, occupying about 150,000 square feet on 12 floors of 140 New Montgomery (the former PacBell building) in San Francisco.
The company was profitable for the first time in the second quarter of 2014, as a result of increasing ad spending by business owners and possibly from changes in Google's local search algorithm. It is dubbed as Google Pigeon, which helped authoritative local directory sites like Yelp and TripAdvisor, in getting more visibility. Over the course of the year, Yelp websites were launched in Mexico, Japan, and Argentina. Also in 2014, Yelp expanded in Europe through the acquisitions of German-based restaurant review site Restaurant-Kritik and French-based CityVox.
In early February 2015, Yelp announced it bought Eat24, an online food-ordering service, for $134 million. Then in August 2017, Yelp sold Eat24 to Grubhub for $287.5 million. The acquisition resulted in a partnership to integrate Grubhub delivery into the Yelp profiles of restaurants.
In late 2015, a "Public Services & Government" section was introduced to Yelp, and the General Services Administration began encouraging government agencies to create and monitor official government pages. For example, the Transportation Security Administration created official TSA Yelp pages. Later that year Yelp began experimenting in San Francisco with consumer alerts that were added to pages about restaurants with poor hygiene scores in government inspections. Research conducted by the Boston Children's Hospital found that Yelp reviews with keywords associated with food poisoning correlates strongly with poor hygiene at the restaurant. Researchers at Columbia University used data from Yelp to identify three previously unreported restaurant-related food poisoning outbreaks.
On November 2, 2016, concurrent with its earnings report for Q3 2016, Yelp announced it would drastically scale back its operations outside North America and halt international expansion. This resulted in the termination of essentially all international employees across Yelp's 30+ international markets from the sales, marketing, public relations, business outreach, and government relations departments. Overseas employees now primarily consist of engineering and product management staff. These layoffs affected only 175 individuals or 4% of its total workforce.
In March 2017, Yelp acquired the restaurant reservation app Nowait for $40 million. In April 2017, Yelp acquired Wi-Fi marketing company Turnstyle Analytics for $20 million.
In early 2020, Yelp listed space at 55 Hawthorne Street, San Francisco, for 235 employees as available for sublease. Business closures and stay-at-home orders during the COVID-19 pandemic in the United States caused a massive decline in searches on Yelp (down 64–83% from March to April, depending on category) and company revenues. On April 9, the company announced it would lay off 1,000 employees, furlough about 1,100 with benefits, reduce hours for others, cut executive pay by 20–30%, and stop paying the CEO for the rest of 2020.
In September 2021, Yelp announced that it was relocating its corporate headquarters to a smaller space at 350 Mission Street to be subleased from Salesforce.
On June 1, 2023, Yelp decided to close its offices in Phoenix, Arizona and Hamburg, Germany. According to an announcement made by the company, less than 6 percent of the available workstations in these offices were being utilized. This move comes after Yelp had already shut down its New York, Chicago, and Washington, D.C offices.
As of mid-2023, Yelp maintains a single remaining office in the United States in San Francisco. Additionally, the company will continue its operations in Toronto, Canada, and London, United Kingdom. The closure and downsizing of these offices are expected to result in approximately $27 million in annual cost savings for Yelp during the 2023-24 fiscal year.
Features
Yelp's website, Yelp.com, is a crowd-sourced local business review and social networking site. The site has pages devoted to individual locations, such as restaurants or schools, where Yelp users can submit a review of their products or services using a one to five stars rating scale. Businesses can update contact information, hours, and other basic listing information or add special deals. In addition to writing reviews, users can react to reviews, plan events, or discuss their personal lives.
78% of businesses listed on the site had a rating of three stars or better, but some negative reviews were very personal or extreme. Some of the reviews are written entertainingly or creatively. As of 2014, users could give a "thumbs-up" to reviews they liked, which caused these reviews to be featured more prominently in the system. As of 2008, each day a "Review of the Day" was determined based on a vote by users.
72% of Yelp searches are done from a mobile device. The Yelp iPhone mobile app was introduced in December 2008. In August 2009, Yelp released an update to the iPhone app with a hidden Easter Egg augmented reality feature called Monocle, which allowed users looking through their iPhone camera to see Yelp data on businesses seen through the camera. Check-in features were added in 2010.
Yelp users can make restaurant reservations in Yelp through Yelp Reservations, a feature initially added in June 2010; in 2021 the service was consolidated with others into "Yelp Guest Manager". Yelp's reservation features have been done through SeatMe, which was acquired by Yelp in 2013. Prior to that, Yelp had offered reservation services through OpenTable. In 2013, features to have food ordered and delivered were added to Yelp as well as the ability to view hygiene inspection scores and make appointments at spas. Yelp's content was integrated into Apple Inc.'s Siri "virtual assistant" and the mapping and directions app of Apple's September 2012 release of the iOS 6 computer operating system.
In March 2014, Yelp added features for ordering and scheduling manicures, flower deliveries, golf games, and legal consultations, among other things. In October 2014, the company, working in collaboration with hotel search site Hipmunk, added features to book hotels through Yelp.
Yelp started a 7–10% cash-back program at some US restaurants in 2016 through a partnership with Empyr, which links credit card purchases to online advertising.
On February 14, 2017, Yelp launched Yelp Questions and Answers, a feature for users to ask venue-specific questions about businesses.
In June 2020, Yelp launched a COVID-19 section that enables businesses to update their health and safety measures as well as their service offering changes. Starting January 2021, users can provide detailed feedback regarding what health and safety measures the business has implemented through editing in the COVID-19 section on Yelp business pages.
Features for businesses
Yelp added the ability for business owners to respond to reviews in 2008. Businesses can respond privately by messaging the reviewer or publicly on their profile page. In some cases, Yelp users that had a bad experience have updated their reviews more favorably due to the business's efforts to resolve their complaints. In some other cases, disputes between reviewers and business owners have led to harassment and physical altercations. The system has led to criticisms that business owners can bribe reviewers with free food or discounts to increase their rating. However, Yelp users say this rarely occurs. A business owner can "claim" a profile, which allows them to respond to reviews and see traffic reports. Businesses can also offer discounts to Yelp users that visit often using a Yelp "check in" feature. In 2014, Yelp released an app for business owners to respond to reviews and manage their profiles from a mobile device. Business owners can also flag a review to be removed, if the review violates Yelp's content guidelines.
Yelp's revenues primarily come from selling ads and sponsored listings to small businesses. Advertisers can pay to have their listing appear at the top of search results or feature ads on the pages of their competitors. In 2016, advertising revenue grew at a rate of 30% year over year. Yelp will only allow businesses with at least a three-star rating to sign up for advertising. Originally a sponsored "favorite review" could place a positive review above negative ones, but Yelp stopped offering this option in 2010 in an effort to deter the valid criticism that advertisers were able to obtain a more positive review appearance in exchange for pay.
On June 5, 2020, Yelp launched a tool to allow businesses on the platform to identify themselves as black-owned, allowing customers to search for black-owned companies they want to support. There were more than 2.5 million searches for black-owned businesses on Yelp from May 25 to July 10. Searches for black-owned businesses were up 2,400% in 2020. In August 2021 Yelp added a feature to let users filter businesses based on their COVID precautions.
Relationship with businesses
A Harvard Business School study published in 2011 found that each "star" in a Yelp rating affected the business owner's sales by 5–9%. A 2012 study by two University of California, Berkeley economists found that an increase from 3.5 to 4 stars on Yelp resulted in a 19% increase in the chances of the restaurant being booked during peak hours. A 2014 survey of 300 small business owners done by Yodle found that 78% were concerned about negative reviews. Also, 43% of respondents said they felt online reviews were unfair, because there is no verification that the review is written by a legitimate customer.
Controversy and litigation
Yelp has a complicated relationship with small businesses. Criticism of Yelp continues to focus on the legitimacy of reviews, public statements of Yelp manipulating and blocking reviews in order to increase ad spending, as well as concerns regarding the privacy of reviewers.
Astroturfing
As Yelp became more influential, the phenomenon of business owners and competitors writing fake reviews, known as "astroturfing", became more prevalent. A study from Harvard Associate Professor Michael Luca and Georgios Zervas of Boston University analyzed 316,415 reviews in Boston and found that the percentage of fake reviews rose from 6% of the site's reviews in 2006 to 20% in 2014. Yelp's own review filter identifies 25% of reviews as suspicious.
Yelp has a proprietary algorithm that attempts to evaluate whether a review is authentic and filters out reviews that it believes are not based on a patron's actual personal experiences, as required by the site's Terms of Use. The review filter was first developed two weeks after the site was founded and the company saw their "first obviously fake reviews". Filtered reviews are moved into a special area and not counted towards the businesses' star-rating. The filter sometimes filters legitimate reviews, leading to complaints from business owners. New York Attorney General Eric T. Schneiderman said Yelp has "the most aggressive" astroturfing filter out of the crowd-sourced websites it looked into. Yelp has also been criticized for not disclosing how the filter works, which it says would reveal information on how to defeat it.
Yelp also conducts "sting operations" to uncover businesses writing their own reviews. In October 2012, Yelp placed a 90-day "consumer alert" on 150 business listings believed to have paid for reviews. The alert read "We caught someone red-handed trying to buy reviews for this business". In June 2013, Yelp filed a lawsuit against BuyYelpReview/AdBlaze for allegedly writing fake reviews for pay. In 2013, Yelp sued a lawyer it alleged was part of a group of law firms that exchanged Yelp reviews, saying that many of the firm's reviews originated from their own office. The lawyer said Yelp was trying to get revenge for his legal disputes and activism against Yelp. An effort to win dismissal of the case was denied in December 2014. In September 2013, Yelp cooperated with Operation Clean Turf, a sting operation by the New York Attorney General that uncovered 19 astroturfing operations. In April 2017, a Norfolk, Massachusetts, jury awarded a jewelry store over $34,000 after it determined that its competitor's employee had filed a false negative Yelp review that knowingly caused emotional distress.
In December 2019, Yelp won a court case that challenged the company's explanation of how its review recommendation software worked. The court ruling stated that "None of the evidence presented at the trial showed anything nefarious or duplicitous on the part of Yelp in connection with the assertions made in the Challenged Statements." This was one of a number of court cases that ruled in favor of Yelp over the years.
Alleged unfair business practices
Yelp has a complicated relationship with small businesses. There have been allegations that Yelp has manipulated reviews based on participation in its advertising programs. Many business owners have said that Yelp salespeople have offered to remove or suppress negative reviews if they purchase advertising. Others report seeing negative reviews featured prominently and positive reviews buried, and then soon afterwards, they would receive calls from Yelp attempting to sell paid advertising.
Yelp staff acknowledged that they had allowed their advertising partners to move their favorite review to the top of the listings as a "featured review", but said the reviews were not otherwise manipulated to favor the partner businesses. Such featured reviews were shown with a strip above them that said "One of [Insert Business Here]'s Favorite Reviews" and "This business is a Yelp sponsor." The company also said it might have had some rogue salespeople that misrepresented their practices when selling advertising services. In response to the criticism of their allowing their advertising partners to manipulate the review listing, Yelp ceased its "featured review" practice in 2010.
Several lawsuits have been filed against Yelp accusing it of extorting businesses into buying advertising products. Each has been dismissed by a judge before reaching trial. In February 2010, a class-action lawsuit was filed against Yelp alleging it asked a Long Beach veterinary hospital to pay $300 a month for advertising services that included the suppression or deletion of disparaging customer reviews. The following month, nine additional businesses joined the class-action lawsuit, and two similar lawsuits were filed. That May the lawsuits were combined into one class-action lawsuit, which was dismissed by San Francisco U.S. District Judge Edward Chen in 2011. Chen said the reviews were protected by the Communications Decency Act of 1996 and that there was no evidence of manipulation by Yelp. The plaintiffs filed an appeal. In September 2014, the United States Court of Appeals for the Ninth Circuit upheld the dismissal, finding that even if Yelp did manipulate reviews to favor advertisers, this would not fall under the court's legal definition of extortion.
In August 2013, Yelp launched a series of town hall style meetings in 22 major American cities in an effort to address concerns among local business owners. Many attendees expressed frustration with seeing Yelp remove positive reviews after they declined to advertise, receiving reviews from users that never entered the establishment, and other issues. A 2011 "working paper" published by Harvard Business School from Harvard Associate Professor Michael Luca and Georgios Zervas of Boston University found that there was no significant statistical correlation between being a Yelp advertiser and having more favorable reviews. The Federal Trade Commission received 2,046 complaints about Yelp from 2008 to 2014, most from small businesses regarding allegedly unfair or fake reviews or negative reviews that appear after declining to advertise. According to Yelp, the Federal Trade Commission finished a second examination of Yelp's practices in 2015 and in both cases did not pursue an action against the company.
Journalist David Lazarus of the Los Angeles Times also criticized Yelp in 2014 for the practice of selling competitors' ads to run on top of business listings and then offering to have the ads removed as part of a paid feature.
In 2015, San Francisco filmmaker Kaylie Milliken was reportedly producing a documentary film titled Billion Dollar Bully about Yelp's alleged business practices.
In 2018, in the case Hassell v. Bird, the California Supreme Court held by a narrow 4-3 margin that a business cannot force Yelp to remove a review, even if the review is defamatory of the business.
A 2019 investigation by Vice News and the podcast Underunderstood found that in some cases, Yelp was replacing restaurant's direct phone numbers with numbers that routed through GrubHub, which would then charge restaurants for the calls under marketing agreements GrubHub has with restaurants.
Political expression and politically motivated ratings
Eater reported that between 2012 and 2015, a number of users who review restaurants on the site have posted reviews that contained comments about the political activities and political views of businesses and their owners or have submitted ratings affected by political motivations. The article found that in some instances, the Yelp review area for a business has become flooded with such review submissions after a business was involved in politically sensitive action. Yelp has removed reviews of this nature and has tried to suppress their submission.
Litigation over review content
According to data compiled in 2014 by the Wall Street Journal, Yelp receives about six subpoenas a month asking for the names of anonymous reviewers, mostly from business owners seeking litigation against those writing negative reviews. In 2012, the Alexandria Circuit Court and the Virginia Court of Appeals held Yelp in contempt for refusing to disclose the identities of seven reviewers who anonymously criticized a carpet-cleaning business. In 2014, Yelp appealed to the Virginia Supreme Court. A popular public argument in favor of Yelp at the time was that a ruling against Yelp would negatively affect free speech online. The judge from an early ruling said that if the reviewers did not actually use the businesses' services, their communications would be false claims not protected by free speech laws. The Virginia Supreme Court ruled that Yelp, a non-resident company in the state of Virginia, could not be subpoenaed by a lower court. Also in 2014, a California state law was enacted that prohibits businesses from using "disparagement clauses" in their contracts or terms of use that allow them to sue or fine customers that write negatively about them online.
Business Insider Investigation
A 2020 Business Insider Investigation questioned the culture, ethics and practices within Yelp.
“Elite” reviewers Selling Reviews
An April 2022 Vice article highlighted that some Elite reviewers use their status to sell reviews.
Community
According to Inc. Magazine most reviewers (sometimes called "Yelpers") are "well-intentioned" and write reviews in order to express themselves, improve their writing, or to be creative. In some cases, they write reviews in order to lash out at corporate interests or businesses they dislike. Reviewers may also be motivated by badges and honors, such as being the first to review a new location, or by praise and attention from other users. Many reviews are written in an entertaining or creative manner. Users can give a review a "thumbs-up" rating, which will cause it to be ranked higher in the review listings. Each day a "Review of the Day" is determined based on a vote by users. According to The Discourse of Online Consumer Reviews many Yelp reviewers are internet-savvy adults aged 18–25 or "suburban baby boomers".
Reviewers are encouraged to use real names and photos. Each year members of the Yelp community are invited or self-nominated to the "Yelp Elite Squad" and some are accepted based on an evaluation of the quality and frequency of their reviews. Members may nominate other reviewers for elite status. Users must use their real name and photo on Yelp to qualify for the Elite Squad. To accept a nomination, members must not own a business. Elite Squad Yelpers are governed by a council and estimated to include several thousand members. Yelp does not disclose how the Yelp Elite are selected. Elite Squad members are given different color badges based on how long they've been an elite member. The Yelp Elite Squad originated with parties Yelp began throwing for members in 2005, and in 2006 it was formally codified; the name came from a joking reference to prolific reviewers that were invited to Yelp parties as the "Yelp Elite Squad"." Members are invited to special opening parties, given gifts, and receive other perks. As of 2017, there are over 80 local Elite Squads in North America.
As of 2017, Yelp employed a staff of over 80 community managers that organize parties for prolific reviewers, send encouraging messages to reviewers, and host classes for small business owners. Yelp reviewers are not required to disclose their identity, but Yelp encourages them to do so.
See also
Crowdsourcing
Reputation management
You're Not Yelping
References
External links
Official websites
United States
United Kingdom
Yelp Reservations official website
2012 initial public offerings
American companies established in 2004
American review websites
Android (operating system) software
Companies based in San Francisco
Companies listed on the New York Stock Exchange
Consumer guides
Geosocial networking
Internet properties established in 2004
IOS software
Online companies of the United States
Recommender systems
Restaurant guides
South of Market, San Francisco
WatchOS software
Windows Phone software | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yelp |
Citadel Communications Ltd. was an American private broadcasting company. It is based in Bronxville, New York and most recently owned 1 low-power television station on which it operated a regional 24-hour cable news channel. The company was founded in 1982 by former National Association of Broadcasters joint board chairman and current Broadcasters Foundation of America chairman Phil Lombardo.
Upon completion of the Digital TV transition in 2009, Citadel's stations at that time returned their digital broadcasts to their former analog channel assignments in the VHF spectrum. As a result of poor propagation characteristics for digital TV in the VHF bands, these stations now operate low-power digital fill-in translators in the UHF band to improve coverage in their communities of license. See the digital TV section on the WHBF-TV entry for further information on the Citadel stations' post-transition digital signals.
In February 2009, Phil Lombardo became an investing partner in LDB Media, LLC., owners of the Suncoast News Network, a regional cable news channel in Sarasota, Florida. In January 2014, Lombardo and Citadel purchased a majority interest in the company. As a result, Citadel took over broadcast operations of SNN and integrated the channel with its other stations.
On September 16, 2013, Citadel announced that it would sell WOI-DT, KCAU-TV, and WHBF-TV to the Nexstar Broadcasting Group for $88 million. Nexstar immediately took over the stations' operations through a time brokerage agreement. The deal followed Phil Lombardo's decision to "slow down," as well as a desire by Lynch Entertainment to divest its investments in WOI and WHBF. Citadel continued to own KLKN, WLNE-TV, and its Sarasota properties. On March 5, 2014, the Federal Communications Commission approved the sale of these stations to Nexstar outright and the deal was completed on March 13.
On May 16, 2019, it was announced that Standard Media, led by former Young Broadcasting and Media General executive Deb McDermott, would acquire Citadel's WLNE and KLKN for $83 million. The sale was completed on September 5.
On May 19, 2023, Citadel Communications COO Ray Cole announced that WSNN-LD would be sold to Nexstar Media Group (owner of local NBC affiliate WFLA-TV and MyNetworkTV affiliate (now CW O&O) WTTA in the Tampa Bay Area) for $1 million. The sale was completed on July 20, completing the wind-down of its operations outside remaining SEC and IRS disclosures.
Former stations
References
External links
SNN Website
Television broadcasting companies of the United States
Companies based in Westchester County, New York
American companies established in 1982
American companies disestablished in 2023
1982 establishments in New York (state)
2023 disestablishments in New York (state) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Citadel%20Communications |
Xenia is a genus of photosynthetic soft marine coral in the family Xeniidae. They resemble a mushroom, with "arms" coming out from the top that ends in many-fingered "hands". It is unique among corals because of its ability to use its "hands" to "pulse" or push water away from the colony in a constant, grabbing motion. Common names include fast-pulse Xenia. Species of Xenia are sometimes referred to as pulse corals.
Species
The World Register of Marine Species lists the following species:
Xenia actuosa Verseveldt & Tursch, 1979
Xenia amparoi Roxas, 1933
Xenia antarctica Kükenthal, 1902
Xenia bauiana May, 1899
Xenia crassa Schenk, 1896
Xenia crispitentaculata Verseveldt, 1977
Xenia cylindrica Roxas, 1933
Xenia danae Verrill, 1869
Xenia dayi Tixier-Durivault, 1959
Xenia delicata Roxas, 1933
Xenia depressa Kükenthal, 1909
Xenia distorta Tixier-Durivault, 1966
Xenia elongata Dana, 1846
Xenia fimbriata Utinomi, 1955
Xenia fisheri Roxas, 1933
Xenia flava Roxas, 1933
Xenia florida (Lesson, 1826)
Xenia fusca Schenk, 1896
Xenia garciae Bourne, 1894
Xenia grasshoffi Verseveldt, 1974
Xenia hicksoni Ashworth, 1899
Xenia humilis Verseveldt, 1977
Xenia intermedia Roxas, 1933
Xenia kukenthali Roxas, 1933
Xenia kusimotoensis Utinomi, 1955
Xenia lepida Verseveldt, 1971
Xenia lillieae Roxas, 1933
Xenia medusoides May, 1899
Xenia membranacea Schenk, 1896
Xenia mucosa Verseveldt & Tursch, 1979
Xenia multipinnata (Tixier-Durivault, 1966)
Xenia multispiculata Kükenthal, 1909
Xenia nana Hickson, 1930
Xenia novaebritanniae Ashworth, 1900
Xenia novaecaledoniae Verseveldt, 1974
Xenia plicata Schenk, 1896
Xenia puertogalerae Roxas, 1933
Xenia pulsitans Kent, 1893
Xenia quinqueserta May, 1899
Xenia rubens Schenk, 1896
Xenia samoensis Kölliker
Xenia sansibariana May, 1899
Xenia schenki Roxas, 1933
Xenia sexseriata Verseveldt, 1977
Xenia spicata Li, 1982
Xenia stellifera Verseveldt, 1977
Xenia ternatana Schenk, 1896
Xenia tripartita Roxas, 1933
Xenia tumbatuana May, 1898
Xenia umbellata Lamarck, 1816
Xenia viridis Schenk, 1896
Xenia viridus Schenk, 1896
References
Xeniidae
Octocorallia genera | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xenia%20%28coral%29 |
The Soot Canal () was a canal system located in Eidskog Municipality in Innlandet county, Norway. Constructed in 1849, it has Norway's oldest sluice gates. It was the work of Engebret Soot (1786-1859). It was built to allow timber to be transported (floated) to the Halden sawmills. The canal was long and had 16 locks which extended from Lake Skjervangen at an elevation of above sea level up to Lake Mortsjølungen at above sea level.
The Soot Canal was in operation from 1849 to 1932. The channel consisted of the original 16 locks between Skjervangen and Mortskjølungen. The Grasmobanen, a long railroad that hauled the timber between the lakes Mortsjølungen and Tvillingtjern, was also part of the canal system. In 1987, the municipality of Eidskog acquired rights to the countercurrent sluice system and labeled it a landmark attraction.
References
Other sources
External links
Sootkanalen (Eidskog Museum)
Canals in Norway
Geography of Innlandet
Water transport in Innlandet
Eidskog
Canals opened in 1849
1849 establishments in Norway
1932 disestablishments in Norway | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Soot%20Canal |
Yelp is an Internet search and review service.
Yelp may also refer to:
Yelp (sound), a vocalization made by canines, other animals and humans
Yelp (software), the help-reading application in the GNOME desktop environment
yelp, a type of sound that can be made by a alarm or emergency vehicle siren | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yelp%20%28disambiguation%29 |
The Mighty Quinn is a 1989 American mystery comedy thriller film starring Denzel Washington in the title role, alongside Robert Townsend, James Fox, Mimi Rogers, M. Emmet Walsh, and Sheryl Lee Ralph. The screenplay by Hampton Fancher is based on A. H. Z. Carr's 1971 novel Finding Maubee. In the film, Washington plays Xavier Quinn, a police chief who tries to help his childhood friend Maubee (Townsend) after he becomes a murder suspect.
The film takes its name from the Bob Dylan song of the same name, and a reggae cover version performed by Michael Rose, Sheryl Lee Ralph, Cedella Marley and Sharon Marley Prendergast which appears on the soundtrack. Film critic Roger Ebert gave the film an overwhelmingly positive review, calling it one of the best films of 1989. He described the film as "a spy thriller, a buddy movie, a musical, a comedy and a picture that is wise about human nature."
Plot
Xavier Quinn is the chief of police of a small US territory in the Caribbean. When Donald Pater, the millionaire owner of a luxury resort hotel, is found murdered, everyone assumes that the culprit is Maubee, a petty crook who also is Quinn's best friend. Quinn does not believe it and clashes with the island's inept Governor Chalk and his arrogant political fixer Thomas Elgin. Quinn's worries over the murder exacerbate his troubles at home; he is estranged from his wife, Lola, and rarely has time to see his son.
Maubee eludes the police at every turn. Quinn questions a witness, who says that Maubee had a (rare) United States $10,000 bill. Trying to track down Maubee, Quinn questions Ubu Pearl, the local witch and aunt of Maubee's girlfriend, Isola.
Chalk introduces Quinn to Fred Miller, an affable American said to represent Pater's company. Pater had been found floating in a hot tub, decapitated. Against Chalk's instructions, Quinn has the body autopsied and finds that Pater died of a venomous snake bite and was already dead when his head was cut off. Quinn arrest Jose Patina, who claims to be on vacation, but has also been questioning people about Maubee's whereabouts.
After Patina is bailed out of jail, he confers with Miller in a seedy hotel. Miller tells him the "operation" is over, then kills Patina. Miller goes to Ubu Pearl and demands to know where Maubee is. When she refuses, he burns down her house, with her inside.
Quinn discovers that Pater, a close associate of the President of the United States, brought stacks of $10,000 bills to the island to be picked up by Patina. The President wants to fund an anti-Communist revolution in Latin America, but Congress would not support this. The President acts illegally, using the CIA to deliver discontinued currency that is still legal but will not be missed from storage at the US Treasury. The murder interfered with the plan, so the CIA sent Miller to retrieve the money and "plug up the holes."
Quinn tracks Maubee down at their childhood playground in an ancient ruin. Maubee explains that Pater impregnated Isola when she was a maid at his hotel. When Ubu Pearl demanded that Pater support the child, Pater fired Isola. Ubu Pearl instructed Isola to go to the hotel and leave a snake in Pater's room. Maubee sped to the hotel and arrived just as Pater was dying from the snakebite. He cut off Pater's head, put his body into the tub to attempt to conceal the cause of death, and grabbed the sack of money.
Miller appears and holds the pair at gunpoint. Maubee hands over the money and Miller departs in a helicopter. Enraged, Maubee grabs onto the helicopter as it lifts off over the ocean. Miller shoots at Maubee and Quinn watches helplessly as his friend's body falls into the ocean. A snake hidden in the sack of money slithers out and fatally bites the helicopter pilot. Miller struggles to regain control, but the helicopter crashes into the old ruins and explodes.
Grieved at the loss of his friend, Quinn returns home and reconciles with his wife. As he walks on the beach with his son, the camera pans down to show a line of barefoot prints emerging from the water, leading to a rock with a $10,000 bill sitting on it.
Cast
Denzel Washington as Chief Xavier Quinn
Robert Townsend as Maubee
James Fox as Thomas Elgin
Mimi Rogers as Hadley Elgin
M. Emmet Walsh as Fred Miller
Sheryl Lee Ralph as Lola Quinn
Esther Rolle as Ubu Pearl
Art Evans as Officer "Jump" Jones
Henry Judd Baker as Nicotine
Norman Beaton as Governor Chalk
Alex Colon as Jose Patina
Tyra Ferrell as Isola
Keye Luke as Dr. Raj
Carl Bradshaw as Cocodick, The Prisoner
Ron Taylor as Officer McKeon
Oliver Samuels as Officer Rupert
Production
The Mighty Quinn was filmed at various locations throughout Jamaica, with the principal outdoor scenes shot in Port Antonio. Interior scenes of Donald Pater's mansion were filmed at Golden Clouds Villa in Oracabessa.
Reception
The Mighty Quinn gained mostly positive reviews from critics. It holds an 88% rating on review aggregator Rotten Tomatoes based on 17 reviews, with an average rating of 6.6/10. The website's critics consensus reads, "A deft hybrid of laughs, espionage, and music, The Mighty Quinn is a smart, pleasant entertainment that offers an early example of Denzel Washington's onscreen magnetism." On Metacritic, the film holds a weighted average score of 71 out of 100 based on 11 reviews, indicating "generally favorable reviews".
Roger Ebert gave the film four stars. The high point, he said, was Washington's performance:
The film stars Denzel Washington in one of those roles that creates a movie star overnight. You might have imagined that would have happened to Washington after he starred in "Cry Freedom" as the South African hero Stephen Biko. He got an Oscar nomination for that performance, but it didn't even begin to hint at his reserves of charm, sexiness and offbeat humor. In an effortless way that reminds me of Robert Mitchum, Michael Caine or Sean Connery in the best of the Bond pictures, he is able to be tough and gentle at the same time, able to play a hero and yet not take himself too seriously.
Bob Dylan makes reference to the movie in his 2004 autobiography Chronicles: Volume One:
On the way back to the house I passed the local movie theater on Prytania Street, where The Mighty Quinn was showing. Years earlier, I had written a song called 'The Mighty Quinn' which was a hit in England, and I wondered what the movie was about. Eventually, I'd sneak off and go there to see it. It was a mystery, suspense, Jamaican thriller with Denzel Washington as the Mighty Xavier Quinn a detective who solves crimes. Funny, that's just the way I imagined him when I wrote the song 'The Mighty Quinn,' Denzel Washington.
References
External links
American mystery films
American police detective films
1980s crime films
1989 films
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer films
Films set in the Caribbean
Films shot in Jamaica
Films based on American novels
A&M Films films
Films scored by Anne Dudley
African-American films
Films directed by Carl Schenkel
1980s English-language films
1980s American films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Mighty%20Quinn%20%28film%29 |
For Queen and Country is a 1988 crime drama film co-written and directed by Martin Stellman and starring Denzel Washington in Panavision. Washington stars as Reuben James, a Black British former paratrooper, who joined the British Army to escape the poverty of inner city London; Reuben fights in the Falklands War, and upon returning home he finds that society ignores and challenges him while trying to adjust to normal life.
The film received mixed reviews and was a box office flop. It has recently been reevaluated as a serious critique of Thatcherism and its effects on the UK in the 1980s.
Plot
In 1979, during the height of The Troubles, Black British paratrooper Reuben James is attacked by IRA militants while leaving a pub in Northern Ireland. He is saved by fellow soldier and Londoner Tony, who goes by the nickname Fish. In 1982, Reuben and Fish fight in the Falkland Islands, along with another soldier from London, Bob Harper.
In 1988, Reuben leaves the army and returns to his old neighbourhood in the East End of London. There, he is harassed by police officers, including the racist Challoner and Kilcoyne. Walking around his housing estate, Reuben realises the poverty and malaise he joined the army to escape has not changed. His childhood friend Lynford still sells stolen goods and runs other small-time hustles. Another longtime friend, Colin is now the local kingpin, selling lots of drugs and bribing police. Fish, who lost his leg in the Falklands, is a gambler who cheats on his pregnant Irish wife, Debbie. Bob has become a policeman. Colin offers to make Reuben a part of his drug dealing operation, but Reuben declines.
Fish and Reuben attempt to celebrate Reuben's return to civilian life at a nightclub, but are turned away by the bouncer. The two get into a fight with nightclub security and spend the night drinking at Fish's flat instead. Returning home, Reuben finds his flat being burgled by two children, Oscar and Hayley. Reuben threatens Oscar until he points out Hayley's flat. Hayley's mother, Stacey, answers the door and denies that her daughter lives there. Reuben barges into the flat, looking for both Hayley and his belongings. Stacey threatens him with a knife to get him to leave. On his way out, Hayley comes home wearing Reuben's paratrooper beret, which he takes back. Later, Stacey finds Reuben's campaign medals from the Falklands and comes to his door to return them.
Reuben begins to look for a civilian job using his old army connections, but none of them return his calls. Frustrated, he goes to a local pub and meets Lynford. Challoner and Kilcoyne appear there and begin questioning Lynford about his whereabouts during a robbery. Lynford says he was with Reuben. Reuben lies and confirms his story.
Reuben runs into Colin who takes him to see the legitimate business he has bought, a health club. Once again, Colin asks Reuben to join him, to no avail.
Bob and Fish come to Reuben's flat. Fish is flush from a big gambling win. Fish shows Reuben two tickets to Paris and says that he is taking Reuben on a trip, in part to thank him for covering an earlier debt with Bob. The three go to a party on the estate. There, Lynford thanks Reuben for backing him up with the police. Reuben once again encounters Stacey, the two dance, and Reuben walks her home. On the way home, they are subjected to racist insults from police officers. When finally reach her door, Stacey kisses Reuben on the cheek. He returns to the party, but finds it being raided by the police. Several of his friends, including Lynford, get arrested, but Bob tells him not to get involved.
The next morning, Reuben and Fish are at Reuben's flat. Reuben gets a phone call saying that Debbie has given birth early. Reuben takes Fish to the hospital, and Fish gives him both tickets, saying he will not be able to go now.
Reuben takes Stacey and Hayley to a funfair, where he asks Stacey to go with him to Paris. She agrees until she sees Reuben playing a shooting game. She becomes upset and storms off. He catches up with Stacey, who explains that Hayley's father was a gangster who kept guns in the house, including in Hayley's crib. Reuben comforts her and tells her he was done with guns when he left the army. On the ride home, Stacey offers to get Reuben a job, driving a minicab.
When they get back to the estate, there is a commotion going on. Three people bump into them, running away. One of them is Lynford. He sees the source of the commotion: Lynford has thrown a brick through a police car windshield, killing constable Harry. Kilcoyne asks Reuben if he saw anything, which he denies.
While preparing for the trip to Paris, Reuben applies for a new passport and is rejected. He finds out that since he was born in St. Lucia, a change in British nationality law has stripped him of his citizenship in spite of the fact he has lived almost his entire life in London, or serving in the British army.
Disillusioned, Reuben agrees to work as muscle for Colin. On his way to meet Colin with a gun tucked into his waistband, he runs into Stacey. When she hugs him, she discovers the gun and leaves, furious. Colin and Reuben go to make an exchange with another drug dealer, Sadiq, in a public toilet. The police arrest Sadiq shortly after, as Colin set him up. Returning to the estate, Reuben gives Colin back his gun and quits.
Reuben later finds Fish distraught, shooting up his own home with a rifle. Debbie has left him and taken the children to Ireland. Reuben gives him money and tells him to go after her. Reuben then comes home to find Kilcoyne in his flat. Kilcoyne knows about the deal with Colin and Sadiq, and threatens to send Reuben to jail unless he says who killed Harry. Reuben reluctantly gives up Lynford.
Wanting to leave the hopeless situation on the estate behind, Reuben gets a St. Lucian passport and a ticket to St. Lucia. Meanwhile, Lynford and other locals gather bats, knives, Molotov cocktails, and a gun, preparing for a confrontation with the police.
Lynford walks across the estate and the police chase him. From a walkway, someone throws a Molotov cocktail, starting a riot.
With his bag packed for St. Lucia, Reuben runs into Fish in the lift. When the door opens, they find Lynford hiding from police on the ground floor. Lynford points his gun at Reuben and accuses Reuben of giving him up to the police, but Fish tackles him. Kilcoyne and Challoner rush through the door. Challoner panics and shoots Fish dead. Overcome with grief, Reuben goes to Fish's flat to retrieve his rifle. In the chaos of the riot, he shoots and kills Challoner. As he walks the estate holding the rifle, Reuben gets in the sights of a police sniper, who is revealed to be Bob. Bob is ordered to take the shot. Bob then fires.
Cast
Denzel Washington as Reuben James
Dorian Healy as Fish
Bruce Payne as Colin
Amanda Redman as Stacey
Sean Chapman as Bob Harper
Graham McTavish as Lieutenant
Geff Francis as Lynford
Frank Harper as Mickey
Craig Fairbrass as Challoner
Michael Bray as Bryant
George Baker as Kilcoyne
Stella Gonet as Debbie
Colin Thomas as Feargal
Ken Stott as Civil Servant
Brian McDermott as Harry
Jimmi Harkishin as Sadiq
Stephen Lawrence connection
Stephen Lawrence, the teenager whose murder led to a massive reform of the Metropolitan Police Service, was an extra in this film.
Release
The film opened in 33 theaters in North America, grossing $62,771 during the opening weekend. It went on to gross a total $191,051. It was released on DVD on June 1, 2004.
Reception
Film aggregator site Rotten Tomatoes gave the film a 29% rating and an average rating of 5.4/10 based on fourteen reviews. Leonard Maltin described the film as a "striking, laced-in-acid contemporary thriller of life in Thatcherite Britain".
Accolades
References
External links
1988 films
1988 crime drama films
American crime drama films
British crime drama films
Atlantic Entertainment Group films
Working Title Films films
Films produced by Tim Bevan
1988 directorial debut films
1980s English-language films
1980s American films
1980s British films
English-language crime drama films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/For%20Queen%20and%20Country |
Heart Condition is a 1990 American comedy film starring Bob Hoskins, Denzel Washington and Chloe Webb. Denzel Washington stars as Napoleon Stone, a lawyer, and Bob Hoskins stars as Jack Moony, a police officer. The two rivals compete in the same work force area in their community to help bring down drug rate. Their goal would be to find the mysterious men that shot and killed Napoleon Stone.
The film was released on February 2, 1990, and grossed over $4 million in the U.S. It received negative reviews from critics.
Plot
Hoskins plays police sergeant Jack Moony, a racist bigoted cop; and Washington plays Napoleon Stone, an irresistible persuader and ambulance-chasing lawyer who Moony hates. The feelings are mutual. Stone goes on to date Moony's ex-girlfriend which stirs up the pot between the two. Moony's years of bad habits, such as overeating, smoking, and drinking, finally catch up with him, risking his health and life. At the same time, Stone is killed in an apparent car accident. After suffering a heart attack, Moony wakes up to find out that his new heart was once Stone's, and the dead lawyer's ghost has become his constant companion. Stone takes on the role of a manifested ghost that needs answers to why he was shot and who committed it. He seeks to haunt Moony to help him in this quest because of the relationship they once had that will now continue. Now, Moony will have to solve Stone's murder.
Cast
Bob Hoskins as Jack Moony
Denzel Washington as Napoleon Stone
Lisa Stahl Sullivan as Annie
Chloe Webb as Crystal Gerrity
Roger E. Mosley as Captain Wendt
Ja'net Dubois as Mrs. Stone
Alan Rachins as Dr. Posner
Ray Baker as Harry Zara
Jeffrey Meek as Graham
Eva LaRue as Peisha
Ron Taylor as Bubba
Clayton Landey as Posner's Assistant
Reception
The movie's reception was largely negative, scoring a 10% approval rating on Rotten Tomatoes based on 10 reviews. Roger Ebert gave the film two stars. In 2021, Vulture ranked 47 Denzel Washington movies, with Heart Condition coming in last place at number 47.
References
External links
1990 films
1990s fantasy comedy films
American fantasy comedy films
American buddy cop films
1990s buddy cop films
1990s ghost films
1990s supernatural films
New Line Cinema films
1990 directorial debut films
1990 comedy films
American ghost films
1990s English-language films
1990s American films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heart%20Condition%20%28film%29 |
Ricochet is a 1991 American action crime thriller film, directed by Russell Mulcahy, written by Steven E. de Souza, and starring Denzel Washington, John Lithgow, Ice-T, Kevin Pollak, and Lindsay Wagner. The film details a struggle between a Los Angeles district attorney (Washington) and a vengeful criminal (Lithgow) whom he arrested when he was a cop.
Plot
In 1983, rookie Los Angeles police officer and law student Nick Styles (Denzel Washington) meets Alice (Victoria Dillard), and drifts away from childhood friend Odessa (Ice-T), who has become a drug dealer in South Central Los Angeles. Styles and his partner Larry Doyle (Kevin Pollak) patrol a carnival, where they encounter hitman Earl Talbot Blake (John Lithgow) and his accomplice Kim (Josh Evans). Styles is forced into an armed standoff when Blake takes a hostage after killing several drug dealers. After stripping his equipment and uniform off, Styles uses a gun hidden in his athletic supporter, shooting Blake in the knee and subduing him. The incident is caught on camera by an amateur videographer and televised, making Styles a hero. He and Doyle are promoted to Detective, while Blake and Kim are sent to prison.
Eight years later in 1991, Styles has become an Assistant District Attorney and is married to Alice with two daughters. Behind bars, Blake allies himself with the Aryan Brotherhood to plot an escape and take revenge against Styles. Kim is paroled and assists in Blake's escape. Blake and the AB members stage a violent and deadly prison escape during a parole hearing, which only Blake and the AB leader survive. Afterwards, Blake murders the AB gang leader and burns his corpse; however, while in prison, he had swapped their dental records, in order to fake his own death and ensure authorities would believe that Blake had died in the fire.
Styles finds Odessa, now a major drug dealer in the neighborhood, and pleads with him to halt dealing to children. Blake and Kim kill a city councilman who works with Styles, dressing his body in drag, planting child pornography in his briefcase and staging his death to look like a suicide, framing Styles for embezzling city funds. Blake and Kim abduct Styles outside his home and hold him hostage in an empty swimming pool for several days. They regularly inject Styles with heroin and cocaine while engaging in arm wrestling. Blake hires a prostitute (Linda Dona) to have sex with Styles. She ignores the weakened Styles' objections and rapes him as Blake records the incident on video. After Blake and Kim deposit an unconscious Styles on the steps of City Hall, Alice overhears Styles' superiors telling him he has tested positive for gonorrhea, and believes he is cheating on her.
Styles witnesses a video of Blake entering his daughters' room with a hatchet. Styles heads to the park where his family are watching a circus act, and holds a black-clad figure he believes to be Blake at gunpoint; the figure turns out to be a clown, making Styles seem unstable. Blake releases the recording of Styles' rape, making it appear as if Styles is soliciting prostitutes. District Attorney Priscilla Brimleigh (Lindsay Wagner) suspends Styles.
With Styles determined to get his name cleared, Styles and Doyle beat information out of one of Blake's former AB allies. In an alley, Blake fatally shoots Doyle and plants Styles' fingerprints on the gun.
Desperate, Styles contacts Odessa for help, bringing his family to the housing project Odessa uses as a drug lab. On the roof, Styles raves to the street below, apparently suicidal; this draws out Blake, who wants Styles to live a long, miserable life. Styles fakes his own death by escaping an explosion in the building.
Odessa's gang abducts Kim, and Odessa sends a message to Blake that Styles is alive and intends to find him, challenging him to come to the Watts Towers. Blake finds Kim tied to the scaffolding and kills him. On the towers, Blake and Styles fight until Odessa applies electricity to the metal tower, electrocuting Blake. Styles pulls Blake off the tower and as he falls, impales himself on a spike. Styles reunites with his family and calls out to Odessa one last time, inviting him to basketball. Television news crews broadcast the dramatic turn of events, declaring Styles innocent. When a newscaster (Mary Ellen Trainor) asks Styles for comment, he turns off the news camera.
Cast
Denzel Washington as Assistant District Attorney Nick Styles
John Lithgow as Earl Talbot Blake
Ice-T as Odessa
Lydell M. Cheshier as R.C., Odessa's second In command
Kevin Pollak as Lieutenant Larry Doyle
Lindsay Wagner as District Attorney Priscilla "The Hun" Brimleigh
Matt Landers as Chief Elliott Floyd
Sherman Howard as Public Defender Kiley
Josh Evans as "Kim" Kimble
Mary Ellen Trainor as Gail Wallens, a newscaster. Trainor previously portrayed the character in Die Hard.
Victoria Dillard as Alice Styles
Kimberly Natasha Ali as Lisa Styles
Aileaha Jones as Monica Styles
John Amos as Reverend Styles
Starletta DuPois as Mrs. Styles
John Cothran, Jr. as Councilman U.B. Farris
Miguel Sandoval as Vargas, drug dealer
Thomas Rosales Jr. as Gonzalo, drug dealer
George Cheung as Huey, drug dealer
Kenny Endoso as Liu, drug dealer
Rick Cramer as Jesse Schultzman, head of The Aryan Brotherhood
Jesse Ventura as Jake Chewalski, Blake's cellmate and Aryan Brotherhood member
Tim DeZarn as Skinhead
Linda Dona as Wanda, prostitute hired By Blake to frame Nick
Production
Originally, the screenplay to Ricochet by Fred Dekker was written as a Dirty Harry film, but Clint Eastwood deemed it too grim. When the script was attached to Joel Silver as producer in a different direction, Dekker met Kurt Russell about starring while Dekker was to be director, which it never was able to reach in its pre-production stage.
Reportedly, violent scenes in the film were heavily cut down following the test screenings. According to interview with director Russell Mulcahy, in one of the scenes that were cut out Blake physically abuses Styles until Styles vomits, and Blake gets a sponge to clean him up. This is why Styles has vomit on him when he is found in the streets. The uncut version of the film was never released.
Music
The score of the film was composed, produced, and conducted by Alan Silvestri, who collaborated with Stephen Hopkins in Predator 2. The music was performed by the Skywalker Symphony Orchestra. The score album included an unheard alternate fanfare cue for the Silver Pictures logo, composed by Silvestri.
Reception
On review aggregation website Rotten Tomatoes, the film has a score of 74% based on 19 reviews, with an average rating of 5.7/10. On Metacritic, the film has a weighted average score of 49 based on 17 critics, indicating "mixed or average reviews". Audiences polled by CinemaScore gave the film an average grade of "B" on an A+ to F scale.
Gene Siskel and Roger Ebert gave the film two thumbs down on their show At the Movies, describing it as ridiculous, goofy, embarrassing, unsavory and distasteful but also stylish, ambitious and having some smart dialogue.
Box office
The movie had a modest box office. It premiered on October 4, 1991, making $4,831,181 in its opening weekend, 2nd behind The Fisher King, ending up grossing over $21 million in its theatrical run. It also came 5 weeks prior to the premiere of Cape Fear, a film starring Robert De Niro and Nick Nolte with a similar storyline.
References
External links
1991 films
1991 action thriller films
1991 crime thriller films
1990s psychological thriller films
Films scored by Alan Silvestri
Films about the Los Angeles Police Department
American films about revenge
Films directed by Russell Mulcahy
Films produced by Joel Silver
Films set in 1983
Films set in 1991
Films set in Los Angeles
Hood films
American neo-noir films
Silver Pictures films
Warner Bros. films
African-American films
Films with screenplays by Steven E. de Souza
1990s English-language films
1990s American films
Films with screenplays by Menno Meyjes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ricochet%20%281991%20film%29 |
Janamejaya () was a Kuru king who reigned during the Middle Vedic period. Along with his father and predecessor Parikshit, he played a decisive role in the consolidation of the Kuru state, the arrangement of Vedic hymns into collections, and the development of the orthodox srauta ritual, transforming the Kuru realm into the dominant political and cultural part of northern India. He also appears as a figure in later legends and traditions, the Mahabharata and the Puranas.
Etymology
The name Janamejaya means "man-impelling" or "victorious from birth".
In Vedic Literature
The Aitareya Brāhmaṇa states that he was a great conqueror and that his purohita (domestic priest) Tura Kāvaṣeya consencrated him as king and officiated his aśvamedha (horse sacrifice). It also states that at one of his sacrifices he did not employ the Kaśyapas as priests but rather the Bhūtavīras. It states that the Asitamr̥ga family of Kaśyapas were eventually reemployed by Janamejaya. The Śatapatha Brāhmaṇa mentions that he along his brothers Ugrasena, Bhīmasena, and Śrutasena performed an aśvamedha, officiated by Indrota Daivāpa Śaunaka, in order to cleanse themselves of sin. Both previous Brāhmaṇas state that his capital was Āsandīvant. The Gopatha Brāhmaṇa narrates an "absurd" anecdote regarding Janamejaya and two ganders.
The Pañcaviṃśa Brāhmaṇa mentions a Janamejaya who was a priest at a snake sacrifice, but Macdonell and Keith consider him to be a different person than Janamejaya the Kuru king.
Historicity
H.C. Raychaudhuri dates Parikshit, his father, in ninth century BC. Michael Witzel states the Pārikṣita dynasty corresponds with the presence of Black and Red ware in the Punjab and West and South regions of North India, which archeologically dates to 1180 BCE.
Historian H. C. Raychaudhuri notes that there are two pairs of Parikṣits and Janamejayas in epic and Puranic genealogies, but believes that the second Janamejaya's description better corresponds to the Vedic king, whereas the information available about the first is scant and inconsistent, but Raychaudhuri questions whether there were actually two distinct kings. He suggests that there "is an intrusion into the genealogical texts" of the late, post-Vedic tradition, which also has two of Janamejaya's father Parikṣit, possibly "invented by genealogists to account for anachronisms" in the later parts of the Mahābhārata, as "a bardic duplication of the same original individual regarding whose exact place in the Kuru genealogy no unanimous tradition had survived."
Four copper-plate grant inscriptions purportedly issued during Janamejaya's reign were discovered in the 20th century, but were proved to be fake by historians.
In Puranic Literature
He was the son of King Parikshit and Queen Madravati according to the Mahabharata (I.95.85). He was the grandson of great warrior Abhimanyu and the great-grandson of Arjuna, the valiant warrior hero of the Mahābhārata. He ascended to the Kuru throne following the death of his father. His significance comes as the listener of the first narration of the Mahābhārata, narrated by Vaishampayana, a pupil of Vyasa. According to the Vayu Purana and the Matsya Purana, there was a dispute between him and Vaishampayana. Possibly, as its aftermath, he abdicated and his son Shatanika succeeded him. Also the Devi Bhagavata Purana was narrated to him by Vyasa.
In Mahabharata
In Mahabharata, Janamejaya was mentioned as having six able brothers, Kakshasena, Ugrasena, Chitrasena, Indrasena, Sushena, and Nakhashena. The initial chapters of the epic narrate various aspects of his life including his conquest of Takshasila and about his encounter with Nāga Takshaka. He wanted to exterminate the race of Nagas since Takshaka was responsible for the death of his father Parikshit.
Emperor Janamejaya was responsible for the retelling of the famous epic Mahābhārata, a story of Janamejaya's ancestors from the time of Bharata up to the great Kurukshetra war between his great-grandfathers the Pandavas and their paternal cousins the Kauravas. The Mahabharata states that it was recited to Janamejaya at the sarpa satra (snake sacrifice) by the sage Vaishampayana to whom it had been imparted by his preceptor Vedavyasa, after he asked Vaishampayana about his ancestors.
Sarpa Satra (snake sacrifice)
Emperor Janamejaya ascended to the throne of Hastinapura upon the death of his father Parikshit. According to legend, Parikshit, the lone descendant of the House of Pandu, had died of snakebite. He had been cursed by a sage to die so, the curse having been consummated by the serpent-chieftain Takshak.
Janamejaya bore a deep grudge against the serpents for this act, and thus decided to wipe them out altogether. He attempted this by performing a great Sarpa Satra – a sacrifice that would destroy all living serpents.
At that time, a learned sage named Astika, a boy in age, came and interfered. His mother Manasa was a Naga and his father a Brahmin. Janamejaya had to listen to the words of the learned Astika and set the then-imprisoned Takshaka free. He also stopped the massacre of the Nagas and ended all enmity with them (1,56). From that time onward, the Nagas and Kurus lived in peace.
The mass sacrifice was started on the banks of the river Arind at Bardan, now known as Parham, a corrupt form of Parikshitgarh. A masonry tank (reservoir) said to have been built by Emperor Janamejaya to mark the site of the sacrificial pit, known as Parikshit kund, still exists in Mainpuri district. This is known as Gowdvana. Close to this village a very large and high Khera-(Regional Word meaning Hamlet) containing the ruins of a fort and some stone sculptures has been found. It is said to date back to the time of Emperor Parikshit. A popular local legend is that as a consequence of the virtues of that sacrifice snakes are still harmless in this place and its neighborhood.
Succession
Janamejaya was succeeded by his grandson Ashwamedhadatha.
See also
Kuru Kingdom
Hindu mythology
Janaka
Bimbisara
Historicity of the Mahabharata
Notes
References
Citations
Sources
Vedic period
9th-century BC Indian monarchs
Characters in the Mahabharata
Kings of Kuru | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Janamejaya |
Norma E. Burgos Andújar (born October 30, 1954) is a Puerto Rican politician who served as the Lieutenant Governor and the 16th Secretary of State under Governor Pedro Rosselló from 1995 to 1999. She also served as a member of the Senate of Puerto Rico from 2000 to 2012.
Early years and studies
Norma Burgos Andújar was born in Chicago, Illinois, but raised in Puerto Rico. She studied at the University of Puerto Rico at Río Piedras, where she obtained both a bachelor's degree (cum laude) with a major in economy, and a master's degree (magna cum laude) from the University of Puerto Rico's Roberto Sánchez Vilella School of Public Administration. She continued postgraduate studies at the Georgia Institute of Technology and the National Center for Housing Management, where she obtained the title housing administrator. She is also a Licensed Professional Planner.
Political career
Burgos began her political career occupying several positions in the Municipality of San Juan, working for Mayors Carlos Romero Barceló and Hernán Padilla. She worked in areas like municipal administration, statistics, federal ruling, and others.
During the administration of Baltasar Corrada del Río and Héctor Luis Acevedo, she served as executive director of the Corporation for Development of Old San Juan (CODEVISA). She led several projects of restoration and remodeling of squares and public spaces in Old San Juan. She also served as advisor for the Department of Transportation in some projects in public works and public transportation. In addition, she was the executive director of Governor Rafael Hernandez Colon strategic planning project for physical and social infrastructure "Project Puerto Rico 2004"
After Pedro Rosselló was elected Governor of Puerto Rico in 1992, Burgos was appointed as president of the Puerto Rico Planning Board. She remained in that position until 1998. During that time, she presided over several groups like the one in charge of the establishment of the Energy Public Policy, the Implementation of Deregulation in Government, and the New Economic Development Model for Puerto Rico (1994).
Secretary of State / Lieutenant Governor: 1995-1999
In 1995, Governor Rosselló appointed Burgos to serve as Secretary of State. As Secretary of State, Burgos also served as President of several Special Commissions, such as: the Commission for the Study of a Unicameral Legislature, the Commission for the Study of the Naturopathy Profession, the Accident Prevention and Safety Committee, the Centennial Commission of Puerto Rican Democracy USA-PR, and the Special Commission on the Island of Vieques.
During this time, Burgos was also elected unanimously as vice-president of the party and chaired its Platform Committee in 1996. In 1999, Burgos resigned to her position as Secretary of State to campaign for Senator.
Senator: 2000-2012
Burgos was elected to the Senate of Puerto Rico in the 2000 general elections and reelected in 2004. In both occasions, she was the candidate with most votes among all candidates from the two principal/majority parties in Puerto Rico, and the one with most votes among her fellow party candidates. In 2005, she was appointed by Senate President Kenneth McClintock as chair of the Senate Committee on Public Welfare and the Joint Commission on Health Rights, as well as member of several other committees.
At the PNP primaries in 2008, Burgos was the candidate with most votes for the Senate positions. In the 2008 elections she was again re-elected to a third term. She was then appointed by current Senate President Thomas Rivera Schatz as Chairwoman of the Senate Commission for Economic Development and Planning and the Joint Commission on Public Private Partnerships. She is also Vice Chairwoman of the Urban and Infrastructure Committee, and member of the Committees on Finance, Trade and Cooperatives, Women Affairs, Banking, Consumer Affairs and Public Corporations. In addition, she has served on the Joint Commission on Fiscal and Management Audit of Public Funds and the Special Committee on Government Reform of the Senate of Puerto Rico.
In 2008, she served as a member of Puerto Rico's 53-delegate delegation to the Democratic National Convention held in Denver, elected on then-Senator Barack Obama's slate. Burgos was appointed together with Hernandez Mayoral to represent Puerto Rico at the Democratic Platform Committee. She subsequently campaigned for Obama's presidential campaign in Orlando, Florida in a historic campaign swing that brought together pro-statehood Democrats such as her Resident Commissioner Pedro Pierluisi.
Mayoral Candidate for the city of Caguas: 2012
Burgos announced her intent to run for the mayoralty of the city of Caguas. Citing the general decay of the city following the death of former mayor William Miranda Marin and during the subsequent term of William Miranda Torres. She has cited that the city currently has a growing budgetary deficit and that the city currently ignores the population of the rural parts of the city. She has promised to bring a "Dynamic Toll Lane" and extension of the "Tren Urbano" to connect Caguas with the rest of the Metropolitan Area. She lost the election.
Puerto Rico State Elections Commission; New Progressive Party Elections Commissioner 2016-2019
In 2016 she was appointed as Alternate Electoral Commissioner of the New Progressive Party in the State Elections Commission of Puerto Rico and after three months was promoted to Electoral Commissioner. Under her leadership and a great team of work, it was possible to prevail in 17 cases brought to the Courts. Under her tutelage, her party won the 2016 General Elections and the Statehood option in the 2017 Plebiscite.
Personal life
Norma Burgos is the mother of two sons, Roberto and Norman Benítez, who are federal officials. She has one granddaughter (Stella Sofia) and a grandson (Lucca Enzo).
References
Georgia Tech alumni
Living people
New Progressive Party members of the Senate of Puerto Rico
Secretaries of State of Puerto Rico
Presidents of the New Progressive Party (Puerto Rico)
20th-century Puerto Rican women politicians
20th-century Puerto Rican politicians
Puerto Rico Statehood Students Association alumni
University of Puerto Rico alumni
1954 births
21st-century Puerto Rican women politicians
21st-century Puerto Rican politicians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Norma%20Burgos |
(, ), also known as Ela Toghat Al Alaam, is a poem written in the early 1900s by the Tunisian poet Aboul-Qacem Echebbi during the French conquest of Tunisia.
It's also a song and a music video produced in the year 2002, during the second Intifada, by the Tunisian vocalist Latifa who sung the poem and dedicated it to Ariel Sharon and George W. Bush.
English translation
Hark! You tyrannous dictator,
lover of darkness, enemy of life.
You mocked the cries of the weak,
and your palm is stained with their blood.
You set out tarnishing the enchantment of existence,
sowing the thorns of anguish among the hills.
Slow down! Let not the Spring deceive you,
nor the serenity of the sky, nor the glow of the morning.
For in the vast horizon lurks the power of darkness,
the bombardment of thunder, and the raging of winds.
Beware! Under the ashes burns the flame,
and he who sows the thorns harvests the wounds.
Think! Whenever you reap
the heads of men and the flowers of hope,
wherever you water the heart of the earth with blood
and inebriate it with tears,
the flood will carry you away, the torrent of blood,
and the burning rage will consume you.
Verse translation
Imperious despot, insolent in strife,
Lover of ruin, enemy of life!
You mock the anguish of an impotent land
Whose people's blood has stained your tyrant hand,
And desecrate the magic of this earth,
sowing your thorns, to bring despair to birth,
Patience! Let not the Spring delude you now,
The morning light, the skies’ unclouded brow;
Fear gathers in the broad horizon's murk
Where winds are rising, and deep thunders lurk;
When the weak weeps, receive him not with scorn—
Who soweth thorns, shall not his flesh be torn?
Wait! Where you thought to reap the lives of men,
The flowers of hope, never to bloom again,
Where you have soaked the furrows’ heart with blood,
Drenched them with tears, until they overflowed,
A gale of flame shall suddenly consume,
A bloody torrent sweep you to your doom!
Original text
ألا أيها الظالم المستبد
حبيب الظلام عدو الحياه
سخرت بأنات شعب ضعيف
و كفك مخضوبة من دماه
و سرت تشوه سحر الوجود
و تبذر شوك الاسى في رباه
رويدك لا يخدعنك الربيع
و صحو الفضاء و ضوء الصباح
ففي الافق الرحب هول الظلام و قصف الرعود و عصف الرياح
حذار فتحت الرماد اللهيب
و من يبذر الشوك يجن الجراح
تأمل هنالك انى حصدت رؤوس الورى و زهور الأمل
و رويت بالدم قلب التراب اشربته الدمع حتى ثمل
سيجرفك سيل الدماء
و يأكلك العاصف المشتعل
References
Arabic poems
Tunisian literature | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ila%20Tughat%20al-Alam |
The Convention concerning the Rights of Association and Combination of Agricultural Workers is an International Labour Organization Convention adopted in 1921. The convention secures the rights of "association and combination" of agricultural workers to the same extent as those rights are extended to industrial workers.
Ratifications
As of January 2023, 123 states have ratified the convention.
External links
Text
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Right
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Treaties extended to Greenland
1921 in labor relations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Right%20of%20Association%20%28Agriculture%29%20Convention |
Brown Girl in the Ring may refer to:
"Brown Girl in the Ring" (song), a traditional Jamaican children's song and ring game
Brown Girl in the Ring (album), by B.R. Wallers
Brown Girl in the Ring (novel), by Nalo Hopkinson | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown%20Girl%20in%20the%20Ring |
A pōwhiri (called a pōhiri in eastern dialects, and pronounced in the Taranaki-Whanganui area) is a Māori welcoming ceremony involving speeches, cultural performance, singing and finally the hongi. It is used to both welcome guests onto a marae or during other ceremonies, such as during a dedication of a building (where the owners or future users of the building might be welcomed). A pōwhiri may not be performed for every group of manuhiri (visitors); a mihi whakatau ("informal greeting to visitors") may be used instead. A pōwhiri is often used for special visitors or for tūpāpaku (the body of the deceased) for a tangihanga (funeral). However, a pōwhiri are also often performed for tourist groups as part of special events.
For most non-Māori speakers the wero, an aggressive challenge of the visitor at the beginning of the ceremony, is the most spectacular part of pōwhiri. During this part of the ceremony, three Māori warriors will advance cautiously towards the guests with ceremonial weapons and perform threatening gestures and grimaces, calling out battle screams and generally giving an impression of being ready to explode into violence against the visitors at any moment. The first warrior represents the realm of Tūmatauenga, the Atua (God) of War. The third Warrior represents Rongo the Atua of Peace (Rangimarie). It is the final warrior who offers the rautapu, a signal that the manuhiri (guests) may enter the Marae-atea. Historically, it has roots in both showing off the martial prowess of the iwi's warriors, as well as testing the steadfastness of the visitors. By accepting the rautapu, a leaf or carved effigy, that the lead warrior will place on the ground before the visitors as a symbolic offering of peace, this part of the ceremony is concluded.
On some occasions the pōwhiri begins before the karanga (the call), at other times it begins after the karanga has started
At some point, the karanga and the pōwhiri will be taking place at the same time. For the pōwhiri, the kaikaranga (female caller) usually stands to the side and slightly to the front of the remainder of the tangata whenua (hosts). Those who take part in the pōwhiri include elders and young people (men/women). After the manuhiri (guests) and tangata whenua are seated, both sides will have speakers usually beginning with the tangata whenua, and final speaker from the manuhiri will often present koha to the tangata whenua. It is usually placed on the ground by the final speaker from the manuhiri. Once the speaker is seated, someone from the tangata whenua will pick it up.
The ceremonial tapu is lifted when tangata whenua and manuhiri make physical contact with hongi or shaking hands.
Criticism
During the 2005 New Zealand general election, Leader of the Opposition and leader of the New Zealand National Party Don Brash criticised the use of powhiri in welcoming international visitors:
I mean, I think there is a place for Maori culture but why is it that we always use a semi-naked male, sometimes quite pale-skinned Māori, leaping around in, you know, mock battle?
In April 2013 Danish Marie Krarup MP who visited New Zealand called a traditional Maori greeting "grotesque". Colin Craig, the-then leader of the Conservative Party, sided with her statement by saying no visitors should have to face a "bare-bottomed native making threatening gestures" if they didn't want to.
References
Māori culture
Māori words and phrases
Ceremonies | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P%C5%8Dwhiri |
Midway is a town in Davidson County, North Carolina, United States. It is located within the township of the same name. As of the 2020 census, Midway had a population of 4,742. Midway is situated approximately above sea level. Midway is part of the Piedmont Triad region and is neighbored by the communities of Arcadia (west), Welcome (south), Wallburg (northeast) and Winston-Salem (north). Every autumn, the town hosts the Midway Christmas Parade in celebration of the coming Christmas season.
History
Bethany Reformed and Lutheran Church Cemetery and the Hamilton Everhart Farm are listed on the National Register of Historic Places.
Demographics
2020 census
As of the 2020 United States census, there were 4,742 people, 1,948 households, and 1,386 families residing in the town.
Etymology
The town of Midway derives its name from its relative geographic location, "midway" between the cities of Winston-Salem and Lexington. Urban sprawl and annexation by the city of Winston-Salem has muddled the logical apparency of the town's name since the city limits of Winston-Salem now share a border with Midway while Lexington's nearest border is away. Originally, the community which now forms the center of modern Midway was founded as "Eller" when the Eller train depot was constructed, labeled as such after members of the Eller family which resided nearby. Until incorporation in 2006, many maps still marked the area as "Eller", despite disuse of the name over time by the public, local media, and local establishments.
Post office
The town of Midway does not currently have a post office, or a ZIP code to its name. Rather than being within the town limits, the post office with the "Midway, North Carolina", designation is found in a small community of the same name in Rockingham County, southwest of Reidsville. As a result, most residents of the town either use Winston-Salem or Lexington city names for mailing via the United States Postal Service.
Incorporation
The community sought incorporation from 2004–2006 to protect local identity and to prevent annexation by nearby Winston-Salem. The successful incorporation of nearby Wallburg inspired the formation of the Midway Incorporation Committee, which led the effort to make Midway a town. A petition drive in 2005 gathered the required signatures of 51 percent of the voting population within the proposed town limits. In April 2005, the city of Winston-Salem granted the incorporation committee the approval to seek incorporation with a few minor changes to the proposed town limits, a necessary step required by the Constitution of North Carolina. An act of incorporation was then submitted to the North Carolina General Assembly for approval (Senate Bill S1852), which was unanimously ratified on June 29, 2006. The act passed by the General Assembly officially established the "Town of Midway", which encompasses nearly ; it also gave the newly formed municipality its governing document, known as a town charter. Midway is Davidson County's fifth and newest incorporated municipality. Norman Wilkes was the town's first (interim) mayor, and held the title until official elections in 2007, when George Byrum became the town's first elected mayor.
Education
Midway is home to Midway Elementary School, a K-5 grade school, which is part of the Davidson County School System. The school feeds mostly into Oak Grove Middle and High schools which are new and just down the road. According to attendance area maps, a few students will attend North Davidson Middle (grades 6–8) and North Davidson High (grades 9-12), both located in neighboring Welcome.
Notable people
Patrick Denard Douthit aka 9th Wonder, record producer
Terry Labonte, Hall of Fame NASCAR driver
Wilmer David "Vinegar Bend" Mizell, Major League Baseball pitcher and U.S. congressman
Shy Tuttle, defensive tackle for the New Orleans Saints
References
External links
Town of Midway official website
Midway Fire & Rescue
Midway Elementary School
Midway Town Charter
The Dispatch - Midway incorporation effort clears final committee hurdle
The Dispatch - Midway is finally a town
The Dispatch - New era begins in Midway
Towns in Davidson County, North Carolina
Towns in North Carolina
Geography of Winston-Salem, North Carolina | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Midway%2C%20North%20Carolina |
Workmen's Compensation (Agriculture) Convention, 1921 is an International Labour Organization Convention.
It was established in 1921:
Having decided upon the adoption of certain proposals with regard to the protection of agricultural workers against accident, ...
Modification
The principles contained in the convention were subsequently revised and included in ILO Convention C121, Employment Injury Benefits Convention, 1964.
Ratifications
As of 2013, the convention has been ratified by 77 states. It has subsequently been denounced by one of these states, Uruguay.
External links
Text.
Ratifications.
Workmen's
Treaties concluded in 1921
Treaties entered into force in 1923
Agricultural treaties
Treaties of the People's Republic of Angola
Treaties of Antigua and Barbuda
Treaties of Argentina
Treaties of Australia
Treaties of Austria
Treaties of the Bahamas
Treaties of Barbados
Treaties of Belgium
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Treaties of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Treaties of the Second Brazilian Republic
Treaties of the Kingdom of Bulgaria
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Treaties of Chile
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Treaties of Cuba
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Treaties of Czechoslovakia
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Treaties of Denmark
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Treaties of Dominica
Treaties of El Salvador
Treaties of Estonia
Treaties of Fiji
Treaties of the French Third Republic
Treaties of Gabon
Treaties of the Weimar Republic
Treaties of Grenada
Treaties of Guinea-Bissau
Treaties of Guyana
Treaties of Haiti
Treaties of the Hungarian People's Republic
Treaties of the Irish Free State
Treaties of the Kingdom of Italy (1861–1946)
Treaties of Kenya
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Treaties of Luxembourg
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Treaties of Malawi
Treaties of the Federation of Malaya
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Treaties extended to Curaçao and Dependencies
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Treaties extended to Ruanda-Urundi
Treaties extended to the Faroe Islands
Treaties extended to French Comoros
Treaties extended to French Somaliland
Treaties extended to French Guiana
Treaties extended to French Polynesia
Treaties extended to Guadeloupe
Treaties extended to Martinique
Treaties extended to New Caledonia
Treaties extended to Réunion
Treaties extended to Saint Pierre and Miquelon
Treaties extended to the West Indies Federation
Treaties extended to the Colony of the Bahamas
Treaties extended to British Honduras
Treaties extended to Bermuda
Treaties extended to the British Virgin Islands
Treaties extended to Brunei (protectorate)
Treaties extended to the Falkland Islands
Treaties extended to the Colony of Fiji
Treaties extended to the Gambia Colony and Protectorate
Treaties extended to Gibraltar
Treaties extended to Guernsey
Treaties extended to British Guiana
Treaties extended to British Kenya
Treaties extended to Jersey
Treaties extended to the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland
Treaties extended to the Gilbert and Ellice Islands
Treaties extended to the Crown Colony of Malta
Treaties extended to the Isle of Man
Treaties extended to British Mauritius
Treaties extended to Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
Treaties extended to the Colony of Sarawak
Treaties extended to the Crown Colony of Singapore
Treaties extended to the British Solomon Islands
Treaties extended to Swaziland (protectorate)
Treaties extended to the Uganda Protectorate
Treaties extended to the Sultanate of Zanzibar
1921 in labor relations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Workmen%27s%20Compensation%20%28Agriculture%29%20Convention%2C%201921 |
Chris Eyre (born 1968), an enrolled member of the Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes, is an American film director and producer who as of 2012 is chairman of the film department at the Santa Fe University of Art and Design.
Films
In 1998, Chris Eyre worked on two film projects. His first release was Things We Do (1998). His debut film, Smoke Signals (1998), won the Sundance Film Festival Filmmakers Trophy and the Audience Award. It also won "Best Film" honors at the 1998 American Indian Film Festival.
Eyre's second film, Skins, is the story of two brothers on the Pine Ridge Reservation, a tribal cop and a Vietnam vet battling alcohol and emotional problems. He said at a screening: "The only thing you get in making period pieces about Indians is guilt. I'm interested in doing what non-Indian filmmakers can't do, which is portray contemporary Indians."
Eyre has also directed two episodes of the famed PBS series Mystery!; A Thief of Time and Skinwalkers starring Adam Beach as Jim Chee, and Wes Studi as Joe Leaphorn. Both were executive produced by Robert Redford and based on the best selling Tony Hillerman novels. Skinwalkers is a mystery involving skinwalkers or shape-shifters, and the murders of several medicine men. A Thief of Time is a who-dunnit that intertwines very competitive anthropologists, possible artifact thievery, a missing professor, and the legend of the Anasazi.
Eyre's Edge of America was the 2004 Sundance Film Festival "opening night" film. Edge of America is loosely based on the true story of a black English teacher who goes to the Three Nations Reservation to teach, but ends up coaching the very underachieving girls basketball team and takes them all the way to the state finals. In the process, he learns as much about their culture and race relations in America as they learn about winning and self-esteem. On January 29, 2006, Eyre won the Directors Guild of America's award for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Children's Programs for Edge of America, becoming the first Native American to win the award.
Eyre's short film, A Thousand Roads, the "signature film" for the Smithsonian's National Museum of the American Indian, opened in Washington, D.C., on April 10, 2005, for an unlimited and exclusive engagement. It is a contemporary film, following four American Indians in different locations, as they each confront everyday events.
Chris Eyre was named a 2007 USA Rockefeller Foundation Fellow and awarded a $50,000 grant by United States Artists, a public charity that supports and promotes the work of American artists.
In 2008 Eyre directed the first three episodes of We Shall Remain, a mini-series that establishes Native history as an essential part of American history from PBS's acclaimed history series American Experience.
Eyre directed the film Hide Away, which was released in 2011. The film's cast includes Josh Lucas and Ayelet Zurer.
Chris Eyre was appointed as chairman of the film department at the Santa Fe University of Art and Design as of January 2012.
In 2017, Eyre is reported to be working on a documentary on "racism in New Mexico", with his starting point being the monument to Juan de Oñate in Alcalde, New Mexico, whose foot was cut off in 1997.
Filmography
References
External links
Mystery! American at pbs.org
We Shall Remain
Rockefeller Foundation 2007 Fellows
United States Artists Arts Advocacy Organization
1968 births
American film directors
American television directors
American television producers
Cheyenne and Arapaho Tribes people
Living people
Native American filmmakers
Artists from Portland, Oregon
Directors Guild of America Award winners
Sundance Film Festival award winners
College of Santa Fe faculty
Film producers from Oregon | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chris%20Eyre |
Hawks Nest is a small town of the Mid-Coast Council local government area in the Hunter and Mid North Coast regions of New South Wales, Australia, located north of Port Stephens between the Tasman Sea and the Myall River. It was named after a large hawk's nest in a tree on the Myall River that was used as a navigational aid. The traditional custodians of this land are the Worimi people.
History
Geography
Hawks Nest is a long (), thin (typically ), coastal town running northeast to southwest and is about north of Sydney, ) from the Pacific Highway. It is bordered by the Tasman Sea to the east, the Myall River to the west and Port Stephens to the south. It includes Yacaaba, the northern headland of Port Stephens, which rises to above mean sea level. However, the rest of the town is generally low, flat, sandy and covered in coastal scrubland, with some bushland, resulting in the northern part of the suburb being accessible only by four-wheel drive vehicles until the 1980s.
Hawks Nest is located directly across the river from Tea Gardens and was connected by the Singing Bridge in 1974. Before this the river crossing was made by a small car ferry. Most (approximately 95%) of the suburb is still uninhabited with the population concentrated around the Hawks Nest township, on the Myall River and Winda Woppa on Port Stephens.
Demographics
At the 2016 census there were 1,223 people in Hawks Nest. 79.9% of people were born in Australia and 89.4% of people spoke only English at home. The most common responses for religion were Anglican 30.0%, No Religion 25.9% and Catholic 20.8%.
While nearby Tea Gardens is primarily a residential and commercial area, Hawks Nest tends to be dominated by holiday rentals and caravan parks which causes the population to vary considerably with the influx of tourists.
Tourism
Jimmys Beach and the Tasman Sea on the east (Bennetts Beach or The Main Beach, as it is commonly referred to) are popular resorts. The Myall Lakes are a short drive north. Hawks Nest has many shops and cafes catering to the tourist trade and, with its sandy beaches and bush walks, proximity to Sydney, and much greater seclusion than suburbs on the southern shores of Port Stephens, it is a popular weekend getaway for Sydneysiders. Hawks Nest was well known as the location of holiday retreats belonging to then Prime Minister John Howard until, in 1998, he decided to abandon his family's regular holiday spot of twenty years due to alleged media harassment. John Howard has returned to Hawks Nest after leaving politics in 2007.
The local golf course was formally opened on 12 August 1978. It was designed in 1968 by Matt Lauder, a professional golfer and nephew of Scottish comedian, Sir Harry Lauder.
Holiday activities in the area include swimming, snorkeling and diving, golfing, bush walking, dolphin and whale spotting, four-wheel driving, caravanning and fishing.
Animals such as koalas, dingoes and dolphins can be observed in the area.
Notes
The density figure presented is that of the entire suburb. The population density in the inhabited portion is approximately .
Average elevation of the suburb as shown on 1:100000 map 9332 PORT STEPHENS.
Area calculation is based on 1:100000 map 9332 PORT STEPHENS.
References
External links
Suburbs of Mid-Coast Council
Coastal towns in New South Wales | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hawks%20Nest%2C%20New%20South%20Wales |
(born June 16, 1961) is a Japanese musician and video game designer based in Tokyo, Japan. He was born in Osaka on June 16, 1961, and majored in Industrial Society at Ritsumeikan University. He has worked extensively with music production, sound design, and visuals, and has been active with the J-pop duo Psy-S. He has also been credited with popularizing the modern music video game at his studio NanaOn-Sha.
Career
On April 1983, shortly after he graduated from Ritsumeikan University, Matsuura met singer Chaka (Mami Yasunori) and founded Psy-S. The band's debut album, Different View, was released in 1985. The group's musical style is a mixture of experimental synthesizer, electric guitar, and vocals. Matsuura is the band's composer and arranger, and he performs using a Fairlight CMI synthesizer. He has also mastered the keyboard, guitar, and bass and he occasionally performs these instruments on stage as well.
In the late-80s, the group enjoyed a fair degree of popularity in Japan thanks to their several hits. Certain of their songs have been used in such anime series, including City Hunter, and in films. In 1987, he was revealed to be the composer and musical director for an OVA adaption of Atsushi Kamijo's manga, To-Y.
Technological development occurring during the 1990s generated gained interest in himself creating computer-based music and from this field, and soon transitioned into interactive music and music video games. In 1993, Matsuura became the first Japanese musician to release the Macintosh CD-ROM, The Seven Colors, for which he was awarded the "Multimedia Grand Prix". On June 1996, after having produced 10 albums with Psy-S (and four "best of" albums), he left the band and focused his attention on his multimedia projects.
The same year, he founded the Tokyo-based production company, NanaOn-Sha, and began the development of video games. After said company's Japan-only debut release of Tunin'Glue, their first major project was revealed to be a unique game—which combines hip hop rhythms with the visual talents of American illustrator Rodney Greenblat from California. Released in December 1996 in Japan, PaRappa the Rapper is regarded as one of the first modern music video games, in which it was dubbed as the first rhythm game. Matsuura's talent for combining music and gameplay would later be demonstrated with his 1999 release of the generative rhythm game Vib-Ribbon (Acquired by MoMA in 2012), and would cement his position as one of the pioneers of the music video game industry.
Together with said company in 2003, they were responsible for producing the audio portion of Sony's third-generation robotic dog toy, AIBO (model ERS-7). This included both music and sound design.
In 2004, he was given the "First Penguin" award by the International Game Developers Association (IGDA) for his innovative contributions to the video game industry.
Discography
Masaya Matsuura has released 10 studio albums and 4 greatest hits albums with Psy-S, and 2 solo albums. All albums were released under the Sony Music label.
With Psy-S
1985 – Different View
1986 – PIC-NIC
1987 – Collection (Compilation)
1988 – Mint-Electric
1989 – Atlas
1990 – Signal
1991 – Two Hearts
1991 – Holiday
1992 – Two Spirits Live PSY'S Best Selection (Live)
1993 – Window
1994 – Home Made
1994 – Emotional Engine
1996 – Two Bridge (Compilation)
1998 – Brand New Diary + Another Diary (Compilation)
2012 – Psyclopedia (CD Box Set)
Solo
1989 – Sweet Home
2013 – Beyooond!!!
Games
Metamor Jupiter (1993, PC Engine CD) as music composer
The Seven Colors: Legend of PSY・S City (1993, Apple Macintosh)
Tunin'Glue (1996, Apple Bandai Pippin)
PaRappa the Rapper (1996, PS1),(2007, PSP),(2017, PS4)
UmJammer Lammy (1999, PS1)
Vib-Ribbon (1999, PS1)
Rhyme Rider Kerorican (2000, Bandai WonderSwan)
PaRappa the Rapper 2 (2002, PS2),(2015, PS4)
Mojib-Ribbon (2003, PS2)
Vib-Ripple (2004, PS2)
Tamagotchi Connection: Corner Shop (2005, Nintendo DS)
Musika (2007, iPod)
Tamagotchi Connection: Corner Shop 2 (2007, Nintendo DS)
Tamagotchi Connection: Corner Shop 3 (2007, Nintendo DS)
Major Minor's Majestic March (2009, Wii)
WINtA (2010, iPhone/iPod Touch)
Haunt (2012, Xbox 360)
Beat Sports (2015, Apple TV)
Furusoma (2016, iOS)
Project Rap Rabbit (Cancelled)
Prizes and awards
1997 – Multimedia Grand Prix (Creator Awards) • MMCA Artist Award
1998 – Interactive Achievement Awards • Game Design and Sound Design (for PaRappa The Rapper)
1998 – IGDA Spotlight Awards • Innovative Game Design, Use of Audio and Game Soundtrack (for PaRappa The Rapper)
2000 – Interactive Achievement Awards • original music composition (for UmJammer Lammy)
2004 – Game Developers Choice Awards • First Penguin Award 2004
References
External links
NanaOn-Sha.com
1961 births
Japanese composers
Japanese male composers
Japanese video game designers
Living people
Musicians from Osaka
Video game composers
Game Developers Conference Pioneer Award recipients | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masaya%20Matsuura |
The Council of Australian Humanist Societies (CAHS) is an umbrella organisation for Australian humanist societies. It was founded in 1965. It is affiliated with Humanists International. The official symbol of CAHS (and all member organisations) is the Happy Human.
Activities
CAHS holds conventions and publishes on humanism.
CAHS accepts Humanist International's Minimum statement on Humanism
Humanism is a democratic and ethical life stance, which affirms that human beings have the right and responsibility to give meaning and shape to their own lives. It stands for the building of a more humane society through an ethic based on human and other natural values in the spirit of reason and free inquiry through human capabilities. It is not theistic, and it does not accept supernatural views of reality.
See also
Agnosticism
Amsterdam Declaration 2002
Atheism
Atheist Foundation of Australia
Fusion Party (Australia)
Human rights in Australia
Humanism and Its Aspirations
Irreligion in Australia
Major world religions
Rationalism
Rationalist Society of Australia
Reason Party (Australia)
Religion in Australia - includes Australian Bureau of Statistics census information relating to religion and belief.
Secular state
Secularism
Separation of church and state in Australia
Separation of church and state
States and territories of Australia
The Secular Party of Australia
References
External links
Australian Bureau of Statistics 1996 Census Dictionary - Religion category
Australian Bureau of Statistics 2001 Census Dictionary - religion category
Year Book Australia, 2006. Religious Affiliation section from Australian Bureau of Statistics. Much of the text of Religion in Australia is taken from here (or previous versions).
CAHS Website
ACT Humanist Society Website
Human Rights Brief No. 3 Assessment of international law pertaining to freedom of religion and belief from Australian Human Rights and Equal Opportunity Commission.
1965 establishments in Australia
Humanist associations
Secularism in Australia
Secularist organizations
Council of Australian Humanist Societies
Humanist | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Council%20of%20Australian%20Humanist%20Societies |
White Lead (Painting) Convention, 1921 is an International Labour Organization Convention established in 1921 to advance the prohibition of using white lead in paint.
As of 2017 many leading global nations, including the United States, the United Kingdom, Germany, Japan, China and India remain outside the organization.
Ratifications
As of 2013, the convention has been ratified by 63 states:
References
External links
Text.
Ratifications.
Health treaties
White
Occupational safety and health treaties
Treaties concluded in 1921
Treaties entered into force in 1923
Lead
Treaties of the Kingdom of Afghanistan
Treaties of Algeria
Treaties of Argentina
Treaties of the First Austrian Republic
Treaties of Azerbaijan
Treaties of Belgium
Treaties of the Republic of Dahomey
Treaties of Bosnia and Herzegovina
Treaties of Bulgaria
Treaties of Burkina Faso
Treaties of the Kingdom of Cambodia (1953–1970)
Treaties of Cameroon
Treaties of the Central African Republic
Treaties of Chad
Treaties of Chile
Treaties of Colombia
Treaties of the Comoros
Treaties of the Republic of the Congo
Treaties of Ivory Coast
Treaties of Croatia
Treaties of Cuba
Treaties of Czechoslovakia
Treaties of the Czech Republic
Treaties of Djibouti
Treaties of Estonia
Treaties of Finland
Treaties of the French Third Republic
Treaties of Gabon
Treaties of the Kingdom of Greece
Treaties of Guatemala
Treaties of Guinea
Treaties of the Hungarian People's Republic
Treaties of the Iraqi Republic (1958–1968)
Treaties of Italy
Treaties of the Kingdom of Laos
Treaties of Latvia
Treaties of Madagascar
Treaties of Luxembourg
Treaties of Mali
Treaties of Malta
Treaties of Mauritania
Treaties of Mexico
Treaties of Morocco
Treaties of the Netherlands
Treaties of Nicaragua
Treaties of Niger
Treaties of Norway
Treaties of Panama
Treaties of the Second Polish Republic
Treaties of the Kingdom of Romania
Treaties of the Soviet Union
Treaties of Senegal
Treaties of Serbia and Montenegro
Treaties of Slovakia
Treaties of Slovenia
Treaties of Spain under the Restoration
Treaties of Suriname
Treaties of Sweden
Treaties of North Macedonia
Treaties of Togo
Treaties of Tunisia
Treaties of Uruguay
Treaties of Venezuela
Treaties of Montenegro
Treaties extended to French Algeria
Treaties extended to the French Southern and Antarctic Lands
Treaties extended to Clipperton Island
Treaties extended to French Comoros
Treaties extended to French Somaliland
Treaties extended to French Guiana
Treaties extended to French Polynesia
Treaties extended to Guadeloupe
Treaties extended to Martinique
Treaties extended to Mayotte
Treaties extended to New Caledonia
Treaties extended to Réunion
Treaties extended to Saint Pierre and Miquelon
Treaties extended to Wallis and Futuna
Treaties extended to Surinam (Dutch colony)
Chemical safety
1921 in labor relations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White%20Lead%20%28Painting%29%20Convention%2C%201921 |
FreshCo Ltd. is a Canadian chain of deep discount supermarkets owned by Sobeys. It was launched in March 2010. As of September 2023, there were 100 FreshCo stores.
In December 2017, Sobeys Inc. announced plans to re-brand up to 64 stores in western Canada currently under the Safeway and Sobeys names into the FreshCo banner.
Until summer 2019, FreshCo used the slogan, "Fresher, Cheaper."
Price Chopper
Price Chopper had operated in Ontario in the 1990s under the ownership of Oshawa Group. Oshawa Group, including the Price Chopper chain, was acquired by Sobeys in 1998 as part of the latter's entry into the Ontario market. The 87 Price Chopper stores were scattered around many neighbourhoods in Ontario, particularly low-income communities.
By the late 2000s, Price Chopper was facing increased competition from Loblaw Companies, which was opening more No Frills discount grocery stores in Eastern Canada.
According to an analyst from CIBC World Markets, Price Chopper had been regarded as an unprofitable also-ran for decades, under both Oshawa Group and Sobeys, with no lasting improvements from repeated turnaround efforts. The chain's few private-label offerings hurt its gross margins. Price Chopper was not contributing much to parent Sobeys' bottom line and lagged far behind Loblaw's No Frills and Metro's (formerly A&P Canada's) Food Basics in discount supermarket share, which was particularly significant in the Ontario market where discount grocers held 35 to 40 percent of the food shopping market. Overall, Sobeys was struggling in Ontario, having only made 25% of its profits there despite that province containing 40% of its retail real estate, due to an outdated supply chain and unfavourable locations.
Sobeys closed some Price Chopper stores in the Atlantic provinces or converted them to its Foodland banner.
Sobeys hired Rob Adams, who was previously with Loblaw Companies managing its No Frills discount grocery division, to run its discount grocer chain. Adams came up with the idea for FreshCo to carry higher quality goods to differentiate them from other discount supermarkets.
According to parent company Sobeys, FreshCo is considered to be a new brand and not just a replacement for Price Chopper. However, most FreshCo stores were renovated and converted from existing Price Chopper locations, with only a handful of FreshCo stores that were newly built or converted from other retailers, essentially making FreshCo the de facto successor to Price Chopper. The first eight FreshCo stores were launched on May 12, 2010 in Brampton and Mississauga, Ontario. By April 2012, FreshCo expanded to 68 stores in Ontario.
Reportedly, customer reception to FreshCo has been positive, and Sobeys has enjoyed the highest same-store increase in sales among major Canadian supermarket chains over the past few years.
The last Price Chopper store, located in Bridlewood Mall, closed permanently on December 20, 2020. Another location previously open at Jane and Sheppard in Toronto closed on September 13, 2019.
Chalo FreshCo
Sobeys opened its first South Asian–focused FreshCo store in August 2015 in Brampton. Branded as Chalo FreshCo (chalo meaning "let's go" in Indo-Aryan languages like Punjabi, Hindi, Marathi, Gujarati, Bengali, it is billed as the first grocery store in Canada for "desis". It is designed to attract South Asian shoppers by providing a wider variety of South Asian products under one roof. The store's success inspired the opening of three more Brampton locations in September 2016, March 2019, and March 2021, as well as the conversion of the newly renovated FreshCo at Westwood Square Mall in Mississauga to the banner in December 2017. The Chalo brand expanded outside of Ontario for the first time in 2019 with the founding of two supermarkets in Surrey, British Columbia, in the city's Newton and Strawberry Hill neighbourhoods, in July. Another Chalo! FreshCo location was opened in February of 2020 in Abbotsford, BC. Additional locations had opened up in 2021 in the Tamarack neighbourhood of Edmonton, Alberta and in the Saddle Ridge neighbourhood of Calgary, Alberta. This brings the total number of Chalo locations to 10 - 5 in Ontario, 3 in BC, and 2 in Alberta.
See also
List of supermarket chains in Canada
References
External links
Supermarkets of Canada
Sobeys
Discount stores of Canada
Retail companies established in 2010
Canadian companies established in 2010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/FreshCo |
is a video game developed by NanaOn-Sha and published by Sony Computer Entertainment for the PlayStation 2. It was created by Masaya Matsuura, who also created the 1999 PlayStation game Vib-Ribbon, of which Vib-Ripple is a sequel to. It was exclusively released in Japan in 2004.
Vib-Ripple is notable for allowing the player to import photographs to be used as the game's playing field.
Gameplay
The player takes control of Vibri, a simple, vector-shaped rabbit from the game's predecessor Vib-Ribbon. The game puts the player on top of various photographs, using each one as a trampoline. Jumping on a photograph loosens up 2D items called "Peta Characters", which Vibri must collect before a time limit expires. An icon on the left side of the screen gives the player a hint as to what part of the photograph to jump on to find the item; the icon's color, shape, and size corresponds to a certain combination of the three on the photograph. When Vibri is close enough to the item, a drumming sound is made and the controller vibrates. Vibri must also avoid creatures called "Boonchies" that inhabit the surface of the picture. Coming in contact with a Boonchie will cause Vibri to de-evolve from a rabbit, to a frog, to a worm, and eventually cause a Game over. However, it is possible for Vibri to evolve into a form called "Super Vibri", allowing the player to temporarily disable a Boonchie, as well as see hidden Peta Characters.
Vib-Ripple has 60 default photographs. The player can create their own stages by uploading their own photographs from a digital camera or cellphone via the PlayStation 2's USB port, or even send pictures across the system's online network. The game automatically scales photographs down to 256 by 256 pixels.
See also
Mojib-Ribbon
References
External links
2004 video games
Japan-exclusive video games
Action games
Photography games
PlayStation 2 games
PlayStation 2-only games
Sony Interactive Entertainment games
Video game sequels
Video games about evolution
Video games about rabbits and hares
Video games developed in Japan
Single-player video games
Rhythm games
NanaOn-Sha games | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vib-Ripple |
Morgentaler v R (also known as Morgentaler v The Queen) is a decision of the Supreme Court of Canada where physician Henry Morgentaler unsuccessfully challenged the prohibition of abortion in Canada under the Criminal Code. The Court found the abortion law was appropriately passed by Parliament under the laws of federalism. This was the first of three Supreme Court decisions on abortion that were brought by Morgentaler.
Background
Morgentaler was prosecuted, for openly providing abortions, by the provincial government of Quebec three times, but they failed to secure a conviction at a jury trial:
The first Quebec case was in 1973. Morgentaler used the defence of necessity, that abortions were necessary for his patients' life or health. The jury acquitted him. However, Quebec's provincial appeal court reversed the acquittal and replaced it with a conviction and a prison term.
In 1975, a jury in Quebec again found Morgentaler not guilty. However, Morgentaler was already in prison. In 1975, under Prime Minister Pierre Trudeau, the law of Canada was changed so that courts could not replace a jury acquittal by a conviction (however, appeal courts can still overturn an acquittal and order a new trial). This is called the Morgentaler Amendment.
After Morgentaler was released from prison, Quebec again brought a case against him. A jury acquitted him for the third time. In 1976, the Parti Québécois was elected and announced that it would not prosecute Morgentaler, so the repeated prosecutions came to an end.
Morgentaler challenged the law on two grounds. First, on the grounds that modern abortion techniques were no longer a threat to the woman's health so the dangers that the law was intending to protect no longer applied and consequently the law no longer had a valid criminal purpose required under the federal government's criminal law-making power under section 91(27) of the Constitution Act, 1867. Second, on the grounds that the provisions violated the Bill of Rights.
Reasons of the court
The Court, split 6 to 3, held that the abortion provisions were still valid as there was still a criminal law purpose in prohibiting abortion even without there being a danger to the woman. The general purpose of the law was to "protect the state interest and the foetus", which was sufficient to invoke the criminal law power under the Constitution.
The Court also rejected the challenge on the basis that it violated the Bill of Rights.
Aftermath
It would not be until 13 years later, after the introduction of the Charter, that Morgentaler successfully challenged the provisions in the decision of R. v. Morgentaler (1988).
In 1993, Morgentaler also successfully challenged a provincial attempt to regulate abortion in the decision of R. v. Morgentaler (1993).
See also
List of Supreme Court of Canada cases (Laskin Court)
References
External links
Full text of Supreme Court decision from canlii.org and lexum
Canadian abortion case law
Canadian federalism case law
Supreme Court of Canada cases
1975 in Canadian case law | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Morgentaler%20v%20R |
Matt Leto, known by the gamer tag Zyos, is a former American professional player of the first-person shooter video games Halo: Combat Evolved and Halo 2. Zyos spent a year in his late teens accumulating video game records, and for a while was the holder of the most records. After dropping out of DigiPen Institute of Technology, Leto pursued a career in professional gaming.
Leto won the 2003 and 2004 World Cyber Games, and was signed to become a professional game player that same year. He remained champion until he was defeated in 2005, and was known for his quiet, patient style of play, and his skill in one-on-one matches. In 2006 he retired from professional gaming. He is currently working as a real estate agent in Texas.
Early life and career
Leto played his first video game at the age of five, playing Super Mario Bros. In his early teens he played and won local video game competitions. At the age of 17, he broke the world record for points scored in the video game Crazy Taxi, and when Twin Galaxies, which records video game records, wanted more proof, he recorded a video of beating his own record. He then spent the next year focused on breaking video game records and eventually broke 742 of them. He had the highest number of records ever achieved until Tom Duncan surpassed him. Originally Zyos was interested in going to DigiPen Institute of Technology to learn how to create video games, but found it intense and that it was not his passion. Having dropped out of college, he later left his job at an ice cream shop at age 19 and began pursuing a career in professional gaming. In late 2002 Leto competed at AGP1, his first video game tournament, and though his team placed fifth, he ranked second individually out of three hundred players.
Professional career
2003
In the fall of 2003, Leto was recruited to play professionally for Major League Gaming (MLG) at the age of 19. That year, he was part of the four-man team "Dream Team". He won the top prize at the World Cyber Games 2003 held in Seoul, South Korea, winning $20,000. It was at that point that Zyos decided he could play video games as his career. That year, Zyos earned $30,000 from professional gaming. He also signed an endorsement deal with ActiVision that placed an endorsing quote on an Xbox shooter game titled Greg Hasting's Tournament Paintball.
2004
In 2004, GameSpot described Leto as the "number one Halo player in the United States". Leto came in second at the 2004 Dallas Midwestern Regional Tournament in the "Halo Free For All" category, and first in the N-Gage Competition playing Tony Hawk. As part of Team FFA competing in Major League Gaming tournaments, he helped defeat Shoot to Kill in an upset victory in Chicago, and then also Atlanta. Later in the MLG tournament series he was part of the Florida Jackalopes and were defeated in New York by Team Domination. At the MLG San Francisco tournament, Zyos agreed to split the prize money with his final competitor "Mighty" before the final game, and claimed to do so in order to make his opponent less hungry for victory.
Leto participated in the World Cyber Games 2004 in San Francisco. In preparation for the World Cyber Games, Zyos traveled for the two weeks prior to practice playing against his competitors. At the opening ceremony of the games, Leto was player representative, having been the previous year's champion, and called on players to have good sportsmanship. In the final game, Leto led early 13–5, but his opponent rallied to 13–10 before Zyos was able to also rally and defeat him.
Zyos thus won the gold medal for the second year in a row, defeating Canadian Nelson Triana 2–0 in the "best out of three" format. He said that his second victory was more important than his first since he is now the third person to win two years in a row.
2005
At the Game Riot Conference in 2005, amateur players had a chance to play against Zyos to win prizes; Leto viewed the touring gaming exposition as a chance to build his reputation. In 2005, Zyos was paid for endorsements and had a managing team. He also came in third at the Major League Games Competition as part of the team Str8 Rippin. That team went on to defeat rivals "Team3D" in Philadelphia. Later that summer, he joined Team "Trademark Gamers", and later the "IGS Monglers". On September 13, 2005, Zyos was defeated by the Ogre twins in the third game of the World Cyber Games' United States Finals. Leto attributed his loss to his weakness in two-on-two play and stated his desire to continue playing one on one. In October 2005, Zyos competed and won the DigitalLife Tournament Series Halo 2 tournament, defeating "PdgfProxa" in the final match.
2006
Leto competed professionally in Halo 2 and Project Gotham Racing 3 at the World Series of Video Games in July 2006 at the Gaylord Texan Resort & Convention Center. He was also invited to attend the Championship Gaming Series that year. Following his defeat, he considered playing another first-person shooter or a future Halo game. In September of that year he visited the Cyber World Games and attendees had the opportunity to be taught how to play Halo 2. He was a part of team XiT Woundz, thought to be one of the top four Major League Gaming teams in 2006. The team was defeated by teams "eX" and MoBDeep, and ultimately placed seventh. Following the defeats, Zyos exited his hotel where he was staying for the tournament and has not returned to professional gaming. His retirement was called the ninth most important event in professional gaming that year by Major League Gaming.
Technique
Zyos studied his opponent's style of play in order to find weaknesses. He also practiced four to five hours to day, and the week before a tournament for ten. He stated that most of the stress of competing is mental, though physical fitness helps in tournaments that can last 16 hours per day. Talents he has suggested players need include quick reflexes, concentration, and the ability to play under pressure. The transition from Halo to Halo 2 was a mixed bag for Zyos, since he called it an "easier game", but tournaments started being more focused on two-on-two. Once Halo 2 was released, Leto began to focus almost exclusively on it and did not play the original at all.
While on Team Str8 Rippin in 2005, Leto stated that their style was unique, since any team member might take on any role in their attack formation. They were also patient, content to wait for their enemies out and force the opposing team to attack when Str8 Rippin is ahead. Zyos insisted upon his teammates being silent and not trash-talking during matches in order to maintain focus.
Tournament results
1st - 2003 World Cyber Games
1st - 2004 World Cyber Games
References
American esports players
Living people
Halo (franchise) players
American real estate brokers
American people of Italian descent
Str8 Rippin players
1980s births | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matt%20Leto |
William Neilson Dairy Limited is a Canadian dairy company owned by Saputo Inc. The company is based in Toronto, Ontario. In the United States, its products are sold under the name Neilson.
Its products are sold at Loblaws, Real Canadian Superstore, Giant Tiger, and Fortinos, among others.
History
The company was founded by William Neilson (1844–1915) in 1893 as one of many independent dairy producers in Canada. Neilsons began as a milk retailer, and then switched to cream and ice cream products.
Neilson Dairy became William Neilson Limited in 1907. After the mid-20th century, many smaller companies were taken over by larger corporations. William Neilson was sold to George Weston Limited in 1947.
Neilson Dairy became part of the Saputo corporate group after George Weston Limited sold the dairy unit in 2008.
Products
A list of brands and products sold by Neilson Dairy past and present:
Neilson dairy products including, milk, butter, ice cream and instant puddings.
Häagen-Dazs ice cream licence – acquired in 1981, sold to Ault Foods in 1990.
Cadbury Confectionery Company Canadian operations – acquired in 1987, sold all confectionery and chocolate products back to British Cadbury in 1996. Neilson licenses Caramilk and Crispy Crunch-flavoured chocolate milk.
Chocolate bars and confectionery – Jersey Milk, Mr. Big, Malted Milk, Sweet Marie and Crispy Crunch (for which the recipe was changed), Pep, Will-O-Pak sold to British Cadbury in 1996. Jersey Milk and Will-O-Paks continue to have the Neilson brand name on them; however, they are now manufactured by Mondelez Canada.
Bite-size chocolates – Neilson sells several varieties of chocolate snacks, including Golden Buds, small milk chocolates similar to Hershey's Kisses; Slowpokes, similar to Turtles; and Willocrisp, flaky peanut wafers dipped in chocolate, similar to Crispy Crunch.
Operations
Neilson dairy operations past and present:
Beachville, Ontario – former cheese operations (closed)
Georgetown, Ontario
Guelph, Ontario – formerly Royal Dairy (closed)
Ottawa, Ontario – formerly Clark Dairy
Toronto, Ontario – formerly Donlands Dairy and Neilson-Cadbury chocolate factory – sold
Montreal, Quebec
Barrie, Ontario
References
External links
Companies based in Toronto
Food and drink companies established in 1893
Canadian chocolate companies
Dairy products companies of Canada
1893 establishments in Ontario
Canadian companies established in 1893 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neilson%20Dairy |
Arcadia is an unincorporated community in Davidson County, North Carolina, United States. It is located in the northwestern section of the county along NC Highway 150. Neighboring communities and municipalities include Midway, Welcome and Winston-Salem.
History
The area was, in previous years, highly agricultural. However, this has changed due to an increase in housing development and the decreased viability of small scale agriculture. Small farms are not totally eradicated though, examples being Robana Farms and Twin Cedar Farm.
Hampton House was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1984.
Education
Arcadia is the location of Northwest and Friedberg Elementary Schools, both part of the Davidson County School System. The two schools feed into North Davidson Middle and North Davidson High (both in Welcome).
Fire Department
Arcadia is served by the A-RC-H (Arcadia-Reedy Creek-Hampton) Volunteer Fire Department, the Midway Volunteer Fire Department, as well as the Griffith Volunteer Fire Department which is located on Peters Creek Pkwy in Forsyth County.
Development
Arcadia is mostly a residential community with a few commercial establishments, and a declining number of farms. There is a mixture of businesses including: retail chains and restaurants The area is, however, beginning to grow as Winston-Salem expands.
Much of the community's vacant land is being excavated for housing development, as many attempt to escape higher property taxes in nearby Forsyth County.
References
Unincorporated communities in Davidson County, North Carolina
Unincorporated communities in North Carolina | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arcadia%2C%20North%20Carolina |
In Unix computing, crypt or enigma is a utility program used for encryption. Due to the ease of breaking it, it is considered to be obsolete.
The program is usually used as a filter, and it has traditionally been implemented using a "rotor machine" algorithm based on the Enigma machine. It is considered to be cryptographically far too weak to provide any security against brute-force attacks by modern, commodity personal computers.
Some versions of Unix shipped with an even weaker version of the crypt(1) command in order to comply with contemporaneous laws and regulations that limited the exportation of cryptographic software. Some of these were simply implementations of the Caesar cipher (effectively no more secure than ROT13, which is implemented as a Caesar cipher with a well-known key).
History
Cryptographer Robert Morris wrote a M-209-based , which first appeared in Version 3 Unix, to encourage codebreaking experiments; Morris managed to break by hand. Dennis Ritchie automated decryption with a method by James Reeds, and a new Enigma-based version appeared in Version 7, which Reeds and Peter J. Weinberger also broke.
crypt(1) under Linux
Linux distributions generally do not include a Unix compatible version of the crypt command. This is largely due to a combination of three major factors:
crypt is relatively obscure and rarely used for e-mail attachments nor as a file format
crypt is considered to be cryptographically far too weak to withstand brute-force attacks by modern computing systems (Linux systems generally ship with GNU Privacy Guard which is considered to be reasonably secure by modern standards)
During the early years of Linux development and adoption there was some concern that even as weak as the algorithm used by crypt was, that it might still run afoul of ITAR's export controls; so mainstream distribution developers in the United States generally excluded it, leaving their customers to fetch GnuPG or other strong cryptographic software from international sites, sometimes providing packages or scripts to automate that process.
The source code to several old versions of the crypt command is available in The Unix Heritage Society's Unix Archive. The recent crypt source code is available in the OpenSolaris project. A public domain version is available from the Crypt Breaker's Workbench.
Enhanced symmetric encryption utilities are available for Linux (and should also be portable to any other Unix-like system) including mcrypt and ccrypt. While these provide support for much more sophisticated and modern algorithms, they can be used to encrypt and decrypt files which are compatible with the traditional crypt(1) command by providing the correct command line options.
Breaking crypt(1) encryption
Programs for breaking crypt(1) encryption are widely available. Bob Baldwin's public domain Crypt Breaker's Workbench, which was written in 1984-1985, is an interactive tool that provides successive plaintext guesses that must be corrected by the user. It also provides a working crypt(1) implementation used by modern BSD distributions.
Peter Selinger's unixcrypt-breaker uses a simple statistical model similar to a dictionary-attack that takes a set of plain texts as input and processes it to guess plausible plaintexts, and does not require user interaction.
Relationship to password hash function
There is also a Unix password hash function with the same name, crypt. Though both are used for securing data in some sense, they are otherwise essentially unrelated. To distinguish between the two, writers often refer to the utility program as crypt(1), because it is documented in section 1 of the Unix manual pages, and refer to the password hash function as crypt(3), because its documentation is in section 3 of the manual.
See also
crypt Unix C library function
Key derivation function
References
External links
Source code for crypt(1) from OpenSolaris (published after clearing up export regulations)
Source code for crypt(1) from Version 7 Unix (trivialised one-rotor Enigma-style machine)
Source code for crypt(1) from Version 6 Unix (implementation of Boris Hagelin's M-209 cryptographic machine)
Unix security-related software
Cryptographic software
Broken cryptography algorithms | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crypt%20%28Unix%29 |
Southmont is an unincorporated community and census-designated place (CDP) in Davidson County, North Carolina, United States. As of the 2010 census it had a population of 1,470. It is located along North Carolina State Highway 8 on the northern shores of High Rock Lake. There is an organized effort underway to incorporate the community as "The Village of Southmont".
Demographics
History
The community was founded in 1883 as "Fairmont" with the approval of a post office. The postmaster was Samuel S. Peacock from April 19, 1883, until it closed August 30, 1906. It was located in a country store operated by Mr. Hedrick near where the railroad crosses Hwy 8 today. Within 10 years, however, the community had failed to thrive and the store closed, with the post office surrendering its charter.
Just after the turn of the 20th century, another store opened where the previous store stood, and an attempt to reopen the post office was declined by the postmaster general. It seems that another community had claimed the name "Fairmont". The name "Southmont" was chosen instead to receive the approval of a post office with Meriles S. A. Michaels as the postmaster on March 11, 1911. A village grew up around the crossroads of where the new Winston-Salem Southbound Railway rail line had crossed the road to Lexington.
During the 1920s the town had multiple stores, the county's first consolidated brick school, various churches, the Star Furniture Company, and the Wall Lumber Company. The hotel thrived for a time. Dr. Alvin York set up a practice in town. The Baptist churches of the area included Holloways Baptist Church, Stoners Grove Baptist Church and the First Baptist Church of Southmont. Macedonia Methodist Church was also active by the time the lake was created.
By 1926, with the creation of High Rock Lake, many of the bridges and roads changed or closed, the railroad was elevated, and the route crossing the river changed. Other roads were rerouted as the geography changed. Coupled with the Great Depression, much of the town died, but the school and churches remained. Fires claimed the two industries and the famous eight-gable hotel building, and by the early 1950s with train travel no longer being the favored means of travel, the station closed.
The new Central Davidson High School opened in 1957, with students from the Southmont High School now attending CDHS. The school became grades 1-8 and by the early 1960s people began to build summer cottages at High Rock Lake. 1967 witnessed racial integration of the schools.
By 1972, a temporary middle school was created using an abandoned school at the Junior Order Children's Home, and the 8th grades were consolidated there creating CDJH. During a 1979 bridge repair, Hwy 8 was closed for nearly two years and much of the lake was found to have mercury contamination from a battery plant upstream. Again, businesses closed and the school closed in 1981, consolidated with Linwood near Cotton Grove, known as Southwood. The Southmont Volunteer Fire Department was created in 1958.
Over the past 10 years the community has again seen a resurgence of growth, with multiple small businesses, a new school, new post office, expanded churches, a new fire station, an array of other local civic and community groups, and significant population growth to the lake areas in and around Southmont.
References
Census-designated places in Davidson County, North Carolina
Census-designated places in North Carolina | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southmont%2C%20North%20Carolina |
The Rope, the Chair, and the Needle: Capital Punishment in Texas, 1923–1990 is a 1993 book by James W. Marquart, Sheldon Ekland-Olson, and Jonathan R. Sorensen that examines capital punishment in Texas.
The book considers the historical administration of the Texas death penalty through both statistical and anecdotal analysis. The authors argue that the execution rate in Texas is a symptom of the "cultural tradition of exclusion" in the Southern United States. They found there was an inverse relationship between the number of executions and lynchings. When the number of lynchings declined, the execution rate went up. Executions, they argue, are a way to continue to "dehumanize" and "exclude" certain groups from normal society.
The book was published by the University of Texas Press in 1993 ().
References
External links
The Rope, the Chair, and the Needle: Capital Punishment in Texas, 1923–1990 at University of Texas Press
1993 non-fiction books
Capital punishment in Texas
Sociology books
University of Texas Press books
Books about Texas | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Rope%2C%20the%20Chair%2C%20and%20the%20Needle |
Ault Foods Limited was a Toronto-based dairy processor and Canada's largest dairy company acquiring other dairy companies across Canada. The company was established around 1926. Ault sold off parts of their business in the mid-1990s; milk division (Sealtest Dairy and Silverwood Dairy) was sold to Agropur. Ault itself was acquired by Parmalat in 1997 and the name ceased to exist.
Operations
Ault had 15 processing plants and 30 outlying distribution depots:
Some processing facilities included:
Winchester, Ontario
Don Mills, Ontario
Ottawa, Ontario
Orleans, Ontario
Main distribution centres consists of:
Markham, Ontario
Longueuil, Quebec
Chilliwack, British Columbia
Brands
A list of products sold by Ault:
Häagen-Dazs
Sealtest milk in Canada
Drumstick
Orco
See also
Parmalat Canada
Beatrice Foods Canada
Sealtest Dairy
Silverwood Dairy
Nestlé
Parlour
References
External
http://www.eap.mcgill.ca/MagRack/RH/RH_E_97_05.htm
Ault Foods
Companies based in Toronto
Dairy products companies of Canada
Lactalis
Companies disestablished in 1997
Defunct companies of Ontario
1926 establishments in Ontario
1997 mergers and acquisitions | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ault%20Foods |
Reeds (referred to as "Reeds Crossroads" on many maps) is an unincorporated community in Tyro township, Davidson County, North Carolina. It is located at the intersection of Old US Highway 64 and NC Highway 150. Neighboring communities and municipalities include Churchland, Tyro, Arcadia, Yadkin College, and Lexington.
Schools
Reeds Elementary
References
Unincorporated communities in Davidson County, North Carolina
Unincorporated communities in North Carolina | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reeds%2C%20North%20Carolina |
William McPherson or Macpherson may refer to:
William Macpherson (bureaucrat) (1784–1866), Clerk of the Legislative Council of New South Wales
William Macpherson (British Army officer) (1858–1927), colonel-commandant and author
William Macpherson (judge) (1926–2021), judge of the High Court of England and Wales and chair of the enquiry into the murder of Stephen Lawrence
William MacPherson (priest) (1901–1978), Anglican Dean of Lichfield
William Macpherson (cricketer), English cricketer
William McPherson (university president) (1864–1951), president of Ohio State University
William Murray McPherson (1865–1932), Australian philanthropist and politician
William McPherson Allen (1900–1985), American aircraft businessman
William McPherson (writer) (1933–2017), 1977 winner of the Pulitzer Prize for Criticism
William David McPherson (1863–1929), Ontario barrister and political figure
See also
Bill McPherson (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20McPherson |
The Philippines was under a state of emergency, announced by presidential spokesperson Ignacio Bunye on the morning of February 24, 2006, by the virtue of Proclamation No. 1017. This occurred after the government claimed that it foiled an alleged coup d'état attempt against the rule of President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo earlier that same day. State security services also claimed that it had arrested a general who was involved in the coup attempt. President Arroyo lifted the state of emergency on March 3, 2006, by the virtue of Proclamation No. 1021.
The state of national emergency also led to a temporary suspension of lower-level education classes and an immediate revocation on all licenses and permits to hold demonstrations and protests. The government also suspended all public activities on the same day and even on succeeding days. Under the provisions of the 1987 Constitution, the government was allowed at the moment to detain anyone indefinitely without the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus.
President Arroyo assured Filipinos that the situation was under control and the state of emergency would not be abused.
Arroyo had justified the declaration of a state of emergency with her statement of "clear and present danger to our Republic that we have discovered and thwarted." Critics claimed that this was an attempt by Arroyo to seize political power due to her sagging influence and popularity, and some drew similarities to the actions of her predecessor, Ferdinand Marcos, when he declared martial law in 1972.
On March 3, 2006 (one week after the proclamation), by the virtue of Proclamation No. 1021, the President lifted the state of emergency.
Previous incidents
The coup attempt follows the 2003 Oakwood mutiny where President Arroyo, certain members of her cabinet, and the military were charged with corruption and the Hello Garci scandal, where in 2004, Arroyo and certain election officials were charged with electoral fraud in the 2004 presidential elections.
This also comes after Executive Order No. 464, where the President forbade government officials under the Executive branch to attend Filipino Congressional hearings, and the Calibrated Pre-Emptive Response, where street protests were disallowed without securing a rally permit.
This led to a drop at the president's popularity ratings from +28% right after EDSA II to -30% by December 2005.
Timeline of events leading up to the proclamation
The coup was first reported when 14 junior military officers were arrested for plotting a coup on February 22. Around midnight of the 24th, many military vehicles were seen entering Fort Bonifacio in Taguig. Then, at 2:00 a.m., several more vehicles were seen entering Camp Aguinaldo on EDSA. Brigadier General Danilo D. Lim of the Scout Rangers was put under the custody of the Armed Forces of the Philippines.
Former President Joseph Estrada was awoken by the police around 3:00 a.m. in San Juan Medical Center and was ordered to return to his resthouse in Tanay, Rizal. He did not follow the request of the police, because it has no authority from the Sandiganbayan, which was trying him on corruption charges. He said that "Magkakamatayan kami" (over my dead body). His eye operation succeeded despite the political unrest within Metro Manila.
Hours later, large demonstrations were held at EDSA Shrine, the site of the first People Power movement in 1986. The presidential residence at Malacañang was placed under heavy guard after a lacquer thinner bomb exploded outside of the building on February 23. The coup is part of a plot codenamed "Oplan HACKLE."
Arroyo claimed that the coup was a plan between right-wing factions in the military and leftist anarchists, a highly questionable claim since it has been pointed out that both sides have fought each other in the past, and would make unlikely allies.
By mid-morning, President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo declared a moratorium on all school activities from elementary to college level, issued through the Department of Education and the Commission on Higher Education. Around 11:25 a.m., Arroyo issued Proclamation No. 1017 on national television, placing the entire nation under a state of emergency in an attempt to quell the rebellion — sparking fears that it could lead to the introduction of martial law. General Order No. 5 was issued by the President to implement Proclamation No. 1017, ordering the Armed Forces of the Philippines to "maintain the peace and order of the country and to protect it from terrorism or chaos."
The Proclamation effectively cancelled all rally permits everywhere, and according to interpretations by the Arroyo administration, legalized arrest without a warrant.
Events after the proclamation
The EDSA Shrine protesters were dispersed by the police by noontime. Some made their way to La Salle Green Hills while others went to the annual wreath-laying ceremony at Ninoy Aquino's monument on Ayala Avenue in Makati, the metro's central business district.
On the other side of EDSA, protesters led by University of the Philippines Professor Randy David were violently dispersed by the security forces at the EDSA-Kamuning intersection. David and Argee Guevarra were arrested and was charged with inciting to sedition in Camp Karingal in Quezon City. He was later released by nighttime, with all of the charges dropped. Ronald Llamas, a leader of the center-left Akbayan party, was arrested as well.
Around 3:30 p.m. demonstrators from different sectors gathered around at the Ninoy Aquino Monument in Makati to celebrate the 20th anniversary of the 1986 People Power Revolution. Prominent personalities like former President Corazon Aquino and her daughter Kris Aquino, Senate President Franklin Drilon, former Vice President Teofisto Guingona, Bishop Teodoro Bacani and Bishop Oscar Cruz, as well as other senators like Aquilino Pimentel, Jr. took part. Protesters believed that Makati would be a safe gathering place because it was governed by oppositionist Mayor Jejomar Binay. However, numerous police personnel were deployed in the area. The traditional throwing of confetti was carried out by some building occupants and a helicopter. The rally was dispersed by the Philippine National Police around 7:30 p.m., contrary to the statement of the police which said that the protesters "voluntarily" left the site.
Military movements
On the morning of February 26, the Armed Forces denied the text messages stating that there would be unusual military movements. Malacañang said that those statements who came from Mayor J. V. Ejercito of San Juan, Metro Manila are not true. Mayor Ejercito denied the information that came from Malacañang. Malacañang also said that there are no unauthorized troop movements.
Fort Bonifacio crisis
At around 6:00 p.m. on February 26 Maj. Gen. Renato Miranda was either relieved from his position as Commandant of the Philippine Marines or was requested to resign. Philippine Navy Chief Vice Admiral Mateo Mayuga and Malacañang said that Miranda asked to be relieved for personal reasons, while others perceived it as his termination. He was replaced by Brig. Gen. Nelson Allaga as Acting Commandant of Philippine Marines. Colonel Ariel Querubin protested these moves by the Navy, and some marines went to the camp chapel of Fort Bonifacio to start a prayer vigil in protest that could have led to a "withdrawal of support." Presidential Chief-of-Staff Mike Defensor said the decision was within the military, thus Malacañang had no influence on the matter. He also said that media should not cover the events happening at Fort Bonifacio; major privately owned stations defied the suggestion and covered the situation.
The Armed Forces implemented countermeasures, such as blocking Lawton Avenue (the main road to the Fort) from possible protesters, turning off the lights in the Fort, and deploying loyalist troops. However, former President Corazon Aquino, former Vice President Teofisto Guingona, Jr., Senator Ramon Magsaysay, Jr., Representatives Benigno Aquino III and Imee Marcos, and De La Salle University President Bro. Armin Luistro, FSC, went to Fort Bonifacio with other prominent opposition members, but the Civil Disturbance Team arrived at 7:05 pm to control civilians. Civil society held their prayer vigils in front of the Fort, led by the La Salle Brothers.
That evening, Capt. Geronimo said that the crisis was over. The newly appointed Commandant of Philippine Marine Corps, Brig. Gen. Nelson Allaga, assumed control of all the marines, and Querubin was later discharged from the services, bidding his comrades goodbye in Marawi City. Brig. Gen. Allaga also announced their situation was over and that the whole Philippine Marine Corps will still will follow the "chain of command" despite earlier events. This decision came from a gentleman's agreement by officers to vote on whether or not to follow the chain of command, with a result of nine against six.
After the crisis, most people in front of Fort Bonifacio left, and as a response Malacañang suspended classes on all levels the following day,. Col. Querubin was relieved from his position as commander of the 1st Marine Brigade, with Lt. Col. Luisito Marcelino as his temporary replacement.
Arrests
After the Makati rally, the Department of Justice sued former Senator Gregorio Honasan, who had previously led coups against the Aquino government in the 1980s, along with the other six leaders of the RAM (Rebolusyonaryong Alyansang Makabansâ, "Nationalist Revolutionary Alliance"), for the 2003 Oakwood mutiny. On February 25, ANAK-PAWIS Party-list Representative Crispin Beltran was served an arrest warrant and taken in for questioning under state of emergency laws for his alleged role in a 1985 coup against Ferdinand Marcos. This was considered a highly unusual and controversial move since the alleged crime was from twenty years prior. Beltrán responded, "They say this is just an invitation but I think this is an arrest. Warrantless arrest, I think there will be more to come." Beltrán underwent inquest by the police on February 27, and was charged with "inciting to rebellion" and "conspiracy to commit rebellion."
Police next unsuccessfully tried to arrest Bayan Muna Party-list Representative Satur Ocampo. The former chief of the Philippine Constabulary and former national security adviser to former President Fidel V. Ramos retired General Ramon Montaño, was also arrested by the police. He was charged with inciting sedition, while former Police General Rex Piad was also arrested, but it was later revealed that there was no evidence to support the act.
"Batasan 5"
On that same day, the PNP–CIDG filed cases against 51 alleged communists, including five party-list representatives (Beltrán, Ocampo, Teodoro Casiño, Joel Virador and Liza Maza), at the DOJ in violation of Article 134, in relation to Article 135 of the Revised Penal Code (rebellion/insurrection). A panel of prosecutors were assigned to the group, dubbed the "Batasan 5", but failed to find them guilty. Minority floor leader Rep. Francis Escudero of Sorsogon appealed to House Speaker Jose de Venecia to halt the arrests of congressmen during the state of emergency. De Venecia assured protection for the members of the House, and offered his office and conference room as lodging. For 70 days, the five took refuge in the House of Representatives. On May 11, the DOJ filed new charges against the Batasan 5 for plotting to instigate a rebellion on Labor Day.
Freedom of the press
During a state of emergency, the government could control public utilities, which includes media, according to the constitution. Gonzalez assured Filipinos that the government would not use these powers unnecessarily. However, there were reports that the Arroyo government suppressed the freedom of the press.
On February 25, the PNP–CIDG raided The Daily Tribune for alleged assistance to leftists and rebel military groups.
There were also reports that the military surrounded the ABS-CBN compound in Mother Ignacia, Diliman, Quezon City. However, they left the premises hours later.
Samahang Plaridel, National Union of Journalists of the Philippines, and Committee to Protect Journalists expressed disappointment with Proclamation No. 1017, calling it a suppression of press freedom.
Lifting of the proclamation
On March 1, Ash Wednesday, Arroyo has stated that she will lift the "state of emergency" soon, perhaps by the end of the first week of March. The President gives a 24- to 72-hour time frame to the Secretary of Justice, Secretary of National Defense, and to the Chief of Philippine National Police to give reports to her before lifting the state of emergency.
On March 3, by the virtue of Proclamation No. 1021, the Philippine President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo officially concluded state of emergency in the Philippines. The state of emergency (Proclamation No. 1017) lasted one week since February 24, 2006. According to her, the state of emergency protected major democratic institutions and even the media. This led to lowering of security alerts of the Philippine National Police and Armed Forces of the Philippines.
Reactions
Anti-Arroyo
A number of observers have drawn parallels between the actions of President Arroyo and those of Ferdinand Marcos. Benito Lim, Professor of Political Science at the University of the Philippines, stated, "This is suppression of all freedom. It is in violation of the constitution and the bill of rights. This is the beginning of using stronger measures to quell dissent against the government. Their justification is reminiscent of Marcos when he proclaimed martial law."
On February 24, 2006, the Philippine National Police violently dispersed protesters from EDSA. The Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines denounced the violence, and advised the President to be calm in handling the protests. Archbishop Oscar Cruz of Dagupan and other bishops were not happy of the proclamation from the President stating that the Philippines is under a state of emergency, however the CBCP wants the people to be vigilant of the situation.
Former President Ramos said that he was disappointed of the declaration of state of emergency to just prevent an uprising of a small faction of the military, saying it was overkill. The former President described his cold relationship to President Arroyo as "Waning, waning."
Former President Joseph Estrada appealed to Arroyo to remove the declaration of State of Emergency as it will not benefit most of the people in the country. He also condemns "baseless arrests" and the alleged dictatorship rule.
Fernando Poe, Jr.'s widow Susan Roces said that last week, President Arroyo said that she is the best President of the country, "Is this the best?" Roces is referring to the speech of Arroyo regarding a meeting with the Foreign Correspondents Association of the Philippines (FOCAP) saying: "And let me also make clear: I believe I am the best person to lead this nation through this transition. I was elected to make difficult decisions, and I have made them. Not without mistakes on my part, and certainly not without significant criticism. But I have the experience of hindsight, and I aim to fulfill my term with a steady hand on the helm."
The Lasallian Brothers issued a letter about the current political crisis in the country. One of their main points is: "We wish to reaffirm that the most peaceful and expedient way to resolve the current crisis is for President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo to make the supreme sacrifice and to resign voluntarily, an option fully in consonance with the Constitution, in order to pave the way for a smooth and peaceful transition of power." which calls for the resignation of President Arroyo.
Pro-Arroyo
In the statement of Presidential Spokesperson Sec. Ignacio Bunye, he said that "The actions of the government have been well calibrated and there is no overkill... Had the President not acted as she did, we would now be under a rightist-communist junta."
Vice President Noli de Castro affirmed President Arroyo's declaration. He said, "I respect the right of the President to declare a state of emergency in order to preserve the peace, maintain law and order, and ensure the protection of human rights and civil liberties of the people for as long as there is imminent threat to public safety."
However, on March 1, 2006, de Castro wants to remove the state of emergency since "there is no more emergency", according to him.
Legalities
The President cited Article 7 Section 18 of the Constitution which states that: "The President…whenever necessary... may call out the armed forces to prevent or suppress... rebellion..." and Article 12 Section 17 of the Constitution which states that: "In times of national emergency, when the public interest so requires, the State may, during the emergency and under reasonable terms prescribed by it, temporarily take over or direct the operations of privately owned public utilities or business affected with public interest." Sec. Gonzalez of the Department of Justice said that the government had not yet reached that point.
Lawyers question Proclamation No. 1017 stating that the whole nation is under State of Emergency and other actions of the government in the Supreme Court of the Philippines by issuing multiple petitions.
Court Martial
Days after the lifting of the declaration of a state of emergency, several Scout Ranger officers, including Lamitan Hero, Army Captain Ruben Guinolbay, were ordered investigated and detained.
Eventually, 25 Scout Rangers officers were arrested but were charged only on August 2, 2006, after several months in detention. Also charged were several Marine officers allegedly involved in the Fort Bonifacio incident.
Those charged were Brigadier General Danilo Lim, Lieutenant Colonels Nestor Flordeliza and Edmundo Malabanjot; Majors Jason Aquino, and Jose Leomar Doctolero; Captains James Sababan, Montano Almodovar, Joey Fontiveros, Ruben Guinolbay, Isagani Criste, William Upano, Dante Langkit, Allan Aurino, and Frederick Sales; and First Lieutenants Ervin Divinagracia, Jacon Cordero, Homer Estolas, Sandro Sereno and Richiemel Caballes of the Philippine Army Scout Rangers. The indicted Marine officers are Major General Renato Miranda, Medal of Valor awardees Col. Ariel Querubin, Lt. Col. Custodio Parcon; Colonels Orlando de Leon, Januario Caringal and Armando Bañez; Lieutenant Colonels Valentin Hizon, Romulo Gualdrapa, and Achilles Segumalian; Maj. Francisco Domingo Fernandez; and 1Lt. Belinda Ferrer.
The pretrial investigation panel formed by the Armed Forces of the Philippines, conducted by the Judge Advocate General's Office and headed by Col. Al Pereras recommended the dismissal of the charge of mutiny but the retention of charges for conduct unbecoming an officer and a gentleman for a few of the detained officers. All charges against Capt. Guinolbay were recommended dismissed. The same however, was overturned by Chief of Staff Hermogenes Esperon, allegedly upon the recommendation of the Staff Judge Advocate, even as Marine Lt. Cols Valentin Hizon and Romulo Gualdrapa were dropped as accused by Gen. Esperon's exercise of discretion.
See also
Hello Garci scandal
Oakwood mutiny
Martial Law in the Philippines
Proclamation No. 55
People Power Revolution
References
External links
Office of the Press Secretary Online: PGMA declares a State of National Emergency
The Daily Tribune: Without Fear or Favor
The Official Website of the Catholic Bishops' Conference of the Philippines – CBCP online
BBC: Emergency declared in Philippines
INQ7: Arroyo declares state of emergency
Guardian: State of emergency in Philippines
IFEX: Media targeted under state of emergency - IFEX
Conflicts in 2006
Emergency laws in the Philippines
State of emergency in the Philippines
Philippines
Presidency of Gloria Macapagal Arroyo
February 2006 events in Asia
March 2006 events in the Philippines | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006%20state%20of%20emergency%20in%20the%20Philippines |
The Kikori River is a major river in southern Papua New Guinea on the island of New Guinea. The river has a total length of and flows southeast into the Gulf of Papua, with its delta at the head of the gulf. The settlement of Kikori lies on the delta.
Geography
The catchment area extends from alpine grasslands of the Southern Highlands to mangrove wetlands of the mouth at Papua Gulf. The Kikori arises at the confluence of the Hegigio with the Mubi (river) or Digimu, into which Lake Kutubu drained. The average rainfall in the Kikori catchment is .
The city of the same name is located on the right bank just before its confluence with the delta.
Economy
The Kikori river basin is home to large oil and gas fields that have been mined since the 1990s. A pipeline for oil and gas transport ( Papua New Guinea LNG Project) runs in the Kikori River system from Lake Kutubu over to Papua Gulf.
Biodiversity
The Kikori river system is known for its biodiversity. Mount Bosavi, which is well known in this respect, lies on the western edge of the Kikori river basin. The catchment area of the Kikori includes more than 100 species of fish, of which 14 percent are endemic; along with the western, and much longer Fly River, it is the most species-rich river in New Guinea. However, most of the endemic fish do not live in the rivers, but in Lake Kutubu. Furthermore, in the Kikori Basin there are three species of cherax, an endemic blind cavern Oxyeleotris caeca and six species of freshwater turtles.
See also
Kikori
Kikori River languages
Kikori District
References
External links
Kikori- More than just a river
Rivers of Papua New Guinea
Gulf of Papua | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kikori%20River |
AT-8 may refer to:
AT-8, a World War II training aircraft
AT-8 (Cuban mine), a Cuban anti-tank mine
AT-8 Songster, an anti-tank missile | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AT-8 |
Wayne Towne Center is a regional shopping center located in Wayne, New Jersey, in the New York City metropolitan area, adjacent to Willowbrook Mall along Willowbrook Boulevard. As of 2008, the mall had a gross leasable area of . The center formerly operated as an indoor shopping mall from the time when JCPenney was built, in the late 1980s, until its de-malling in 2008. The inner portion of the mall, which had one floor has since been demolished.
The center is anchored by JCPenney, Costco, Dick's Sporting Goods, Nordstrom Rack, and UFC Fit. Of the five anchors, JCPenney has been there the longest as it was built along with the original mall. Costco had previously been located in a former Price Club in another shopping center across Willowbrook Boulevard, and decided to move to Wayne Towne Center and its own building when its lease expired. Dick's had long been attached to the center during the de-malling process and eventually opened in 2014. Nordstrom Rack opened in 2015, and UFC Fit opened in 2022.
History
The complex dates back to 1974 as a strip mall called West Belt Mall that had of retail space and was steadily expanded over time, ultimately being renamed Wayne Towne Center in 1989 as a way to upgrade its image. A project begun in the mid-1990s sought to take a mall that had expanded to nearly and reconfigure the space to expand the two anchors while reducing the number of other stores by 30% to 49.
Existing in the shadow of Willowbrook Mall, Wayne Towne Center has had difficulty dating back to 1993, when the Neiman Marcus Last Call outlet headed for Pennsylvania.
In January 2008, the Borders Books and Music, which replaced Last Call, was one of three North Jersey locations closed by the chain. The portion of the mall that housed the Borders store was demolished in Fall 2008.
Later in 2008, the mall began undergoing what is referred to as "de-malling", which refers to a process where an enclosed shopping center slowly begins a transition to a more traditional shopping center. In order to accomplish this, the remaining stores in the mall were closed one a time as were two of its anchor stores, Old Navy and Loehmann's. The TGI Friday's restaurant that was located in the mall was replaced by a freestanding location in the parking lot, and the remaining two anchors (JCPenney and Fortunoff) sealed off their mall entrances. The TGI Friday's in the frontmost parking lot was joined by Olive Garden and Bahama Breeze restaurants and a DSW Shoe Warehouse store, while a Chipotle Mexican Grill location was added in the JCPenney rear parking lot. Fortunoff went out of business in 2009, thus costing the mall its second anchor, and construction on other buildings stalled when Dick's Sporting Goods chose to pull out temporarily.
In a deal closed in December 2010, the mall was purchased by Vornado Realty Trust for $12.1 million from Wells Fargo, along with annual lease payments of $2.5 million for the land. A Vornado spokesman said that the company planned to revamp the property, as Vornado had previously done at The Outlets at Bergen Town Center in Paramus, New Jersey.
In March 2014, construction began again in earnest and accelerated. The Fortunoff store was demolished after asbestos abatement was completed. Dick's Sporting Goods reconsidered its decision to leave and in November 2014, a two-level store was opened adjacent to JCPenney. One month earlier, Costco opened its new location. Panera Bread opened in the vacant rear half of the Chipotle building. A La-Z-Boy furniture store was added in the JCPenney rear parking lot in mid 2015. A two-story Nordstrom Rack opened in October 2015 and a two-story 24 Hour Fitness opened in January 2016. 24 Hour Fitness closed in 2020 due to the company's bankruptcy. It was replaced by UFC Fit in 2022.
References
External links
International Council of Shopping Centers: Wayne Towne Center
1974 establishments in New Jersey
Buildings and structures in Passaic County, New Jersey
Shopping malls in New Jersey
Tourist attractions in Passaic County, New Jersey
Wayne, New Jersey
Demolished shopping malls in the United States
Shopping malls established in 1974
Shopping malls in the New York metropolitan area | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayne%20Towne%20Center |
Churchland is an unincorporated community in Boone Township, Davidson County, North Carolina located along North Carolina Highway 150 southwest of Lexington, North Carolina. Churchland Baptist Church and Churchland Elementary School are centered in the Churchland community. Churchland is protected by Churchland Volunteer Fire Department.
History
The Philip Sowers House was added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1980.
Churchland is also the home to Boone's Cave Park. The 110 acre State Park is named after America pioneer Daniel Boone.
Churchland Baptist Church
Churchland Baptist Church's name has changed several times through the years. It was originally constituted May 17, 1837 by Elders Joseph Pickler and Josiah Wiseman, pastors of Fork Church and Jersey churches as the "Baptist Church of Christ at Piney Meeting House". Former pastors include Rev. J. O. Walton, Rev. Tony Gurgannus, Rev. Everette Chapman, Rev. Dale R. Martin, Rev. Dr. Paul Millwood, Dr. Stephen Martin, Rev. Noel Schoonmaker, Rev. Ray Nance Howell IV, Dr. Hunter Duncan, Rev. Robbie Stephens and Rev. John Huckaby (6/21-9/23). For the 150th anniversary, the church history was published in a compilation titled Reflections, by Hugh E. Greene and Vernelle S. Greene.
Churchland Elementary School
The current site of Churchland Elementary School was originally Churchland High School until 1957 when the "new" West Davidson High School opened. Both are part of the Davidson County School System. The name and grades then changed to the elementary school. History has it that the original school on this site was founded in the early 1900s by Mr. Hasty. A detailed article can be found in the Volume 9, Number 2, Spring 1977 issue of Homespun, a Davidson County periodical.
Business
Aside from a few small workshops and stores, the only major business located in Churchland was Orrell's Food Service. Orrell's was one of the largest food distributors in Central North Carolina, with distribution all over the state and Southern Virginia. The business operated from its office and warehouse on Highway 150. Orrell's Cold Storage was founded in 1954 by the brothers, Herman and Roy Orrell. The facility offered custom butchering and processing of beef and pork. Within a couple of years Herman purchased Roy's interest in the business and in 1962 was joined by his son Tony, who was president and CEO of Orrell's Food Service until May 2023 when the business was purchased by Ben E. Keith Company (Website) from Ft Worth, Texas. This location will be renamed Ben E. Keith Foods – Carolina Division.
References
Unincorporated communities in Davidson County, North Carolina
Unincorporated communities in North Carolina | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Churchland%2C%20North%20Carolina |
Weekly Rest (Industry) Convention, 1921 is an International Labour Organization Convention on limitation of working time to eight-hour day and 48 hours for a week.
It was established in 1921:
Having decided upon the adoption of certain proposals with regard to the weekly rest day in industrial employment,...
Ratifications
As of April 2021, the convention has been ratified by 120 states.
See also
Weekly Rest (Commerce and Offices) Convention, 1957
External links
Text.
Ratifications.
Weekly
Working time
Treaties concluded in 1921
Treaties entered into force in 1923
Treaties of the Kingdom of Afghanistan
Treaties of Algeria
Treaties of the People's Republic of Angola
Treaties of Antigua and Barbuda
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Treaties extended to the Netherlands Antilles
Treaties extended to Aruba
Treaties extended to the Belgian Congo
Treaties extended to Ruanda-Urundi
Treaties extended to the Faroe Islands
Treaties extended to Greenland
Treaties extended to French Somaliland
Treaties extended to French Polynesia
Treaties extended to New Caledonia
Treaties extended to Saint Pierre and Miquelon
Treaties extended to Wallis and Futuna
Treaties extended to the Cook Islands
Treaties extended to Niue
Treaties extended to Saint Christopher-Nevis-Anguilla
Treaties extended to the British Virgin Islands
Treaties extended to the Falkland Islands
Treaties extended to Montserrat
Treaties extended to Saint Helena, Ascension and Tristan da Cunha
1921 in labor relations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weekly%20Rest%20%28Industry%29%20Convention%2C%201921 |
2010 in sports will describe the year's events in world sport.
Events by month
January
24th-31st Bandy World Championship in Moscow, Russia. Winner:
February
7 American football, , Super Bowl XLIV. Winner: New Orleans Saints.
12 – 28: Olympics, / 2010 Winter Olympics. Winner: Canada.
March
April
25: Marathon, London Marathon. Winners: Tsegaye Kebede, Liliya Shobukhova
May
30: IndyCar Series, USA 2010 Indianapolis 500 Winner: Dario Franchitti
June
3 - 17: Basketball, / 2010 NBA Finals. Winner: Los Angeles Lakers.
11–11 July: Association football, 2010 FIFA World Cup. Winner: .
July
The ashes
August
28–12 September: Basketball, 2010 FIBA World Championship. Winner: .
September
23–3 October: Basketball, 2010 FIBA World Championship for Women. Winner: .
26: Formula One, 2010 Singapore Grand Prix. Winner: Fernando Alonso.
26: Marathon, Berlin Marathon. Winners: Patrick Makau, Aberu Kebede.
October
3 - 14: Multi-sport event, 2010 Commonwealth Games, Delhi, India. Winner: Australia
10: Marathon, Chicago Marathon. Winners: Samuel Wanjiru, Liliya Shobukhova.
24: Formula One, 2010 Korean Grand Prix. Winner: Fernando Alonso.
November
7: Marathon, New York City Marathon. Winners: Gebregziabher Gebremariam, Edna Kiplagat.
12 - 27: Multi-sport event, 2010 Asian Games, Guangzhou, China. Winner: China
December
American football
January
The Alabama Crimson Tide defeats the Texas Longhorns 37–21 in the BCS National Championship Game at the Rose Bowl, thereby claiming the 2009 National Championship in College Football.
February
Super Bowl XLIV – the New Orleans Saints (NFC) won 31–17 over the Indianapolis Colts (AFC)
Location: Sun Life Stadium
Attendance: 74,059
MVP: Drew Brees, QB (New Orleans)
For the third consecutive year, the proposed All American Football League, originally intended to launch in 2008, delays its planned debut, this time until 2011.
March
Another proposed league, the United National Gridiron League, announces that it has indefinitely suspended operations.
April
The new incarnation of the Arena Football League, consisting mostly of teams from the now-dissolved AF2, makes its debut. Although the new AFL is a separate corporate entity from the original AFL, it purchased the assets of the original league in a bankruptcy auction, enabling it to brand itself as a continuation of the original.
August
August–September: New Meadowlands Stadium, the new home of the New York Giants and Jets, opened on August 16 with a pre-season game between the two teams, with the Jets as the designated home team. The Giants won this matchup 31–16. After winning a coin flip between the two teams, the Giants played the first regular-season game in the stadium on September 12, defeating the Carolina Panthers 31–18. The Jets played the Baltimore Ravens in their home opener the following night on Monday Night Football, losing 10–9.
August 20 – The Spokane Shock defeat the Tampa Bay Storm 69–57 at home to win ArenaBowl XXIII.
September
Reggie Bush, currently with the Saints, announced that he would forfeit his 2005 Heisman Trophy after his involvement with marketing agents while playing at USC led to severe NCAA penalties against the school. USC had already returned its copy of Bush's Heisman and the football program cut ties with Bush.
December
Brett Favre, Quarterback of the Minnesota Vikings was listed inactive against the New York Giants, which was played at Ford Field home of the Detroit Lions after the Vikings stadium, the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome, collapsed due to heavy snow. This was the first time since 1991 that Favre did not start a game, ending his NFL consecutive-streak record at 297.
Aquatics
January/February
29 January–8 February Swimming at the 2010 South Asian Games in Dhaka, Bangladesh
July
13–18 2010 FINA Men's Water Polo World League (The Super Final was held in Niš, Serbia)
18–23 Swimming at the 2010 Central American and Caribbean Games in Mayaguez, Puerto Rico
27 July - 1 August 2010 FINA Men's Water Polo World Cup in Oradea, Romania
August
4–15 2010 European Aquatics Championships in Budapest, Hungary. The total aquatics medal table was won by Russia with 13 gold medals, 7 silver, 8 bronze. Germany was second in the total medal table with 8 gold, 9 silver, 3 bronze. France was third with 8 gold, 8 silver and 7 bronze. The swimming medal table had slightly different order. Russia was second, France first and Great Britain third. France got 8 gold medals, 7 silver, 6 bronze. Russia got 7 gold, 4 silver, 1 bronze. Great Britain got 6 gold, 6 silver and 6 bronze. Diving medal table was totally different: Germany was first, Ukraine second and Italy third. Germany got 5 gold, 3 silver, but no bronze. Ukraine got 2 gold, 2 silver and 0 bronze. Italy got 1 gold, two silver, but no bronze for Italy either. Synchronized Swimming medal table had only three countries. Russia was first, Ukraine second and Spain third. Italy won the open water medal table, Greece was second and Germany third. Water Polo Championships were held separately.
18-22 2010 Pan Pacific Swimming Championships in Irvine California, United States
September
13–29 2010 African Swimming Championships
October
4–13 Swimming, Diving and Synchronized Swimming at the 2010 Commonwealth Games in Delhi, India
November
12–27 Aquatics (Swimming, Diving, Water polo and Synchronized swimming) at the 2010 Asian Games in Guangzhou, China.
25–28 2010 European Short Course Swimming Championships in Eindhoven, Netherlands. Germany won the medal table with 10 gold, 8 silver, 4 bronze. Host country Netherlands was second with 9 gold, 8 silver and 5 bronze. Hungary was third with 6 gold, 1 silver and two bronze.
December
15-19 2010 FINA World Swimming Championships (25 m) in Dubai, United Arab Emirates. United States was the winner of the medal table with 12 golf medals, 6 silver and 7 bronze. Second in the medal table was Russia with 4 gold, 4 silver and 2 bronze medals. Spain was third with 4 gold medals, two silver and two bronze.
Association football
January
10th—31st – Africa Cup of Nations, Angola. Winner –
Pachuca win the CONCACAF Champions League.
PRK Hekari United win the OFC Champions League.
Atlético Madrid win the UEFA Europa League.
Internazionale win the UEFA Champions League.
June/July
June 11 – July 11 – FIFA World Cup, South Africa. Winner –
July/August
July 13 – August 1 – FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup, Germany.
Winner – Germany
Internacional win the Copa Libertadores
September
5th—25th – FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup, Trinidad and Tobago – Korea Republic
LDU Quito win the 2010 Recopa Sudamericana
Seongnam Ilhwa win the AFC Champions League
TP Mazembe win the CAF Champions League
Internazionale win the FIFA Club World Cup
Athletics
March
12th–14th – IAAF World Indoor Championships in Doha, Qatar.
27th – IAAF World Cross Country Championships in Bydgoszcz, Poland.
May
May 14 – August 27 – IAAF Diamond League, worldwide track and field meeting series.
May 15–16 – IAAF World Race Walking Cup in Chihuahua, Mexico.
July/August
July 27 – August 1 – European Athletics Championships in Barcelona, Spain.
October
October 16 – IAAF World Half Marathon Championships in Nanning, China
Australian rules football
September
25th – 2010 AFL Grand Final – drew with in the first Grand Final, 9.14 (68) – 10.8 (68). Collingwood won the replay by 56 points on October 2, 16.12 (108) – 7.10 (52). It was the first drawn AFL Grand Final since 1977.
Bandy
24–31 January Bandy World Championship in Moscow, Russia – wins
Bandy World Cup, October – Dynamo Kazan wins
Baseball
April
2nd – Target Field in Minneapolis, the first stadium built specifically for the Minnesota Twins, opens with the Twins losing to the St. Louis Cardinals 8–4 in a spring training game.
12th – Target Field hosts its first regular-season game, with the Twins defeating the Boston Red Sox 5–2.
May
9th – Dallas Braden of the Oakland Athletics pitches the 19th perfect game in Major League Baseball history in a 4–0 home win over the Tampa Bay Rays.
29th – Roy Halladay of the Philadelphia Phillies pitches the 20th perfect game in MLB history in a 1–0 road win over the Florida Marlins. This marks the first time in the modern era that two perfect games have been thrown in the same MLB season.
June
2nd – Armando Galarraga of the Detroit Tigers loses out on a perfect game when the 27th batter, the Cleveland Indians' Jason Donald, is called safe on an infield grounder. Immediately after the game, umpire Jim Joyce admitted that he had blown the call. The Tigers won 3–0.
July
13th – The 81st Major League Baseball All-Star Game at Angel Stadium of Anaheim, Anaheim, California is won by the National League for the first time since 1996. Brian McCann, whose three-run double in the seventh inning gives the NL all of its runs in the 3–1 game, is named MVP.
George Steinbrenner owner of the New York Yankees dies of a heart attack at St. Joseph's Hospital in Tampa Bay, Florida.
September
September 7 – Trevor Hoffman, closing pitcher for the Milwaukee Brewers become the first closing pitcher in the history of the MLB to record 600 career saves, at Miller Park in Milwaukee, Wisconsin against the St. Louis Cardinals.
October
6th – In Game 1 of the National League Division Series, Halladay no-hits the Cincinnati Reds in the Phillies' 4–0 win. Halladay becomes only the second pitcher to throw a no-hitter in postseason play, after Don Larsen's perfect game in Game 5 of the 1956 World Series.
22nd – The Texas Rangers defeat the New York Yankees in the ALCS to advance to their first World Series.
23rd – The San Francisco Giants defeat the Philadelphia Phillies in the NLCS to advance to their fourth World Series since relocating to San Francisco.
November
1st – The San Francisco Giants defeat the Texas Rangers to win the 2010 World Series 4–1.
7th – The Chiba Lotte Marines defeat the Chunichi Dragons to win the 2010 Japan Series 4–2–1.
December
2nd – Ron Santo former 3rd baseman of the Chicago Cubs dies due to complications from bladder cancer and diabetes in a Scottsdale, Arizona hospital.
Legendary Milwaukee Brewers baseball announcer and former Milwaukee Braves catcher Bob Uecker, who played on the Braves during the 1957 World Series in which the Braves won, undergoes two successful heart surgeries, one during the baseball season, and one following it, and gets inducted into the WWE Hall of Fame.
The Milwaukee Brewers reveal a statue in honor of Baseball Commissioner Allen H. "Bud" Selig a native of Milwaukee, Wisconsin and who helped bring the Brewers to Milwaukee (formerly the Seattle Pilots) after the departure of the 1957 World Series champions, Milwaukee Braves.
Basketball
February
14th – A crowd of 108,713, the largest in the sport's history, packs Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas for the 2010 NBA All-Star Game. The East defeats the West 141–139, with the Miami Heat's Dwyane Wade, representing the East, being named MVP.
NCAA men's tournament — Duke defeats Butler 61–59 at Lucas Oil Stadium, 6 miles (9.7 km) from Butler's campus in Indianapolis. It is the fourth national title for both Duke and its head coach Mike Krzyzewski. Duke's Kyle Singler is named Most Outstanding Player.
NCAA women's tournament — Connecticut completes their second consecutive 39–0 season with a 53–47 win over Stanford at the Alamodome in San Antonio. It is the seventh national title and fourth unbeaten season for both the Huskies and their head coach Geno Auriemma. The Most Outstanding Player award goes to UConn's Maya Moore.
Euroleague — Regal FC Barcelona wins the title in Paris.
June
NBA Finals — The Los Angeles Lakers defeat the Boston Celtics in seven games for the Lakers' 16th NBA title.
August/September
August 28 – September 12 – 2010 FIBA World Championship in Turkey — . MVP: Kevin Durant (USA)
September 23 – October 3- 2010 FIBA World Championship for Women in the Czech Republic — . MVP: Hana Horáková (Czech Republic).
December
21st — The University of Connecticut women's team wins its 89th consecutive game, surpassing the NCAA Division I record previously held by the UCLA men's team of 1971–1974.
30th – UConn's record winning streak ends at 90 when the Huskies lose 71–59 to Stanford.
Boxing
March 13 – Manny Pacquiao defeats Joshua Clottey by controlling the fight from start to finish, leading to Pacquiao winning by a unanimous decision. The fight was the first boxing match held at Cowboys Stadium in Arlington, Texas in front of over 41,000 people. This was Pacquiao's first defense of his newly awarded WBO welterweight title.
March 20 – Wladimir Klitschko knocks out Eddie Chambers with a fierce left that hits Chambers in the temple with only five seconds left in the fight. The punch knocked Chambers out nearly instantly, with him collapsing to the canvas and hanging off the last rope. This was Klitschko's first defense of his Ring magazine heavyweight title, his fourth defense of his WBO heavyweight title, and his eighth defense of his IBF and IBO heavyweight titles.
March 27 – Pongsaklek Wonjongkam defeats Kōki Kameda by a majority decision to win the WBC flyweight title and vacant Ring magazine flyweight title. This is the second time Wonjongkam has become the WBC flyweight champion, after first winning the title in March 2001. Wonjongkam defended the title seventeen times, until he lost to Daisuke Naito in July 2007. This fight is later named the best flyweight fight of 2010 by Ring magazine.
April 17 – Kelly Pavlik loses to Sergio Martínez in a close fight for Pavlik's WBC, WBO, and Ring magazine middleweight titles. Martínez controlled the early rounds with quick in and out movements, refusing to heavily engage with Pavlik. Martínez managed to cut Pavlik's left eyebrow in the first round. Pavlik then started to mount a comeback in the middle rounds by blocking Martínez's punches more effectively. Pavlik spent most of his time headhunting trying to land a hard right, which did help Pavlik get a knockdown in the seventh round. In the late rounds Martínez came back and started to open up Pavlik's cuts more, making his face extremely blood. In the post fight interview Pavlik said he couldn't see due to the blood. Martínez ended up winning the fight with a unanimous decision.
April 24 – Mikkel Kessler upsets Carl Froch by a unanimous decision to win Froch's WBC super middleweight title. The fight was part of the second-group stage of the Super Six World Boxing Classic. Following the fight, Froch complained about a judging bias, seeing how the fight was held in Kessler's country of origin, Denmark. This fight was later named the best super middleweight fight of 2010 by Ring magazine.
April 30 – In a stunning upset, Fernando Montiel knocksout Hozumi Hasegawa ending his five-year, 10 title defense streak and taking his WBC bantamweight title. The knockout came as a surprise due to Hasegawa seeming to be clearly leading until the end of the fourth, when Montiel landed a left punch that stunned Hasegawa and pushed him back to the ropes, where he unloaded on him until the referee stopped the fight.
May 1 – Floyd Mayweather Jr. defeats Shane Mosley to continue his undefeated career streak. Mosley came out strong for the first two rounds—at one point making Mayweather's knees buckle—but Mayweather went on to control the fight.
May 8 – Making his comeback after roughly 15½ months of being suspended, Antonio Margarito defeated Roberto Garcia to win the vacant WBC international super welterweight title.
May 15 – Amir Khan dominates Paul Malignaggi to win by TKO in the eleventh round to retain his WBA light welterweight title for the second time. This was Khan's debut in the United States.
May 22 – In their fourth fight against each other Rafael Márquez evens the series to two wins for each man by stopping Israel Vázquez by TKO in the third round.
June 5 – Miguel Cotto defeats Yuri Foreman by a ninth round stoppage due to a leg injury Foreman suffered during the fight. In an amazing display of will, Foreman refused to quit despite being in what he later called a "very sharp pain". A towel was thrown in the ring, but it was ruled to have come from an outside source, and the fight continued for another minute until being stopped officially. This was Cotto's debut at light middleweight. The fight was the first boxing match in the new Yankee stadium built in 2009, and the first match in either Yankee stadium since Ali/Norton 3 in 1976.
July 31 – In a rematch of 2009's fight of the year, Juan Manuel Márquez defeats Juan Díaz for a second time to retain his WBO lightweight title and to win the WBA super world lightweight title.
August 14 – Jean Pascal upsets Chad Dawson by a technical decision due to an accidental headbutt that caused a major cut over Dawson's right eye and the fight was stopped by the ringside doctor. However Pascal easily won the fight according to the judge's scorecards. Pascal defended his WBC light heavyweight title for the third time, won Dawson's IBO light heavyweight title, and filled the vacant Ring magazine light heavyweight title.
August 28 – Giovanni Segura upsets Iván Calderón by a knockout in the eighth round to win the WBO and WBA super world light flyweight titles. Segura ends Calderón's undefeated 34-fight winning record. This fight would later be named both the best light flyweight and overall fight of the year of 2010 by Ring magazine.
September 11 – Yuriorkis Gamboa defeats Orlando Salido to unified the WBA world and vacant IBF featherweight titles. Gamboa was knocked down in the eighth round and was docked two points in the twelfth round. While Salido was knocked down twice in the twelfth round.
November 6 – Juan Manuel López defeats Rafael Márquez by TKO, in an exciting fight that was stopped early due to Márquez suffering a shoulder injury following the eighth round. López defends his WBO featherweight title and improves his record to 30–0. This fight is later named the best featherweight fight of 2010 by Ring magazine.
November 13 – Manny Pacquiao destroys Antonio Margarito to the WBC super welterweight title, making Pacquiao the first and so far only boxer to win world titles in eight different weight classes. Following the fight, Margarito is sent to a hospital with a fractured orbital bone, which requires surgery. This was Margarito's first major fight in over 21 months, following a knockout loss to Shane Mosley in January 2009.
November 20 – In a highly anticipated rematch, Sergio Martínez knocks out Paul Williams in the second round to retain his WBC and Ring magazine middleweight titles. This fight was later named knockout of the year by Ring magazine.
November 27 – Juan Manuel Márquez defeats Michael Katsidis by ninth-round TKO. Katsidis was competitive throughout the fight and even scored a knockdown on Márquez in the third round. While Márquez fought a more solid fight, landing many combinations. Márquez defends his WBO, WBA, and Ring magazine lightweight titles. This fight is later named the best lightweight fight of 2010 by Ring magazine.
December 11 – Amir Khan defeats Marcos Maidana in a relatively close decision. Khan came out strong in the early part of the fight, by applying heavy pressure on Maidana and getting a knockdown late in the first round. However, in the later parts of the fight Khan spent much of his time avoiding Maidana trying to endure through rounds. At one point Maidana appeared to have almost finished Khan in the tenth round, when he landed a huge punch. However Khan absorbed the punishment and did enough in the early rounds to win by a unanimous decision. Khan defended his WBA world light welterweight title for the third time. This fight is later named the best light welterweight fight of 2010 by Ring magazine.
December 11 – Abner Mares defeats Vic Darchinyan by a spit decision, to start Showtime's second boxing tournament based on the Super Six World Boxing Classic. However instead featured only four fighters, a single elimination format, and was focused on the bantamweight division at 118 lbs (54 kg) under the title, The Bantamweight Tournament: Winner Takes All. This fight was later named the best bantamweight fight of 2010 by Ring magazine.
December 18 – After twelve rounds of boxing, Bernard Hopkins vs. Jean Pascal ends in a controversial majority draw.
Canadian football
November 28 – 98th Grey Cup is held at Commonwealth Stadium in Edmonton — Montreal Alouettes defeat Saskatchewan Roughriders 21–18.
Cricket
January 15–30 — 2010 U-19 Cricket World Cup, New Zealand
April 30, – May 16, — 2010 ICC World Twenty20, West Indies
June 15–24 — 2010 Asia Cup, Sri Lanka
September 10–26 — 2010 Champions League Twenty20, South Africa
November 25, 2010 – January 7, 2011 — 2010–11 Ashes series, Australia
Curling
Cycling
March 20 Milan–San Remo Óscar Freire wins first monument of the year over Tom Boonen in predicted sprint finish.
April 4 Tour of Flanders Fabian Cancellara defeats home favourite Tom Boonen as 1 million people line the streets of Northern Belgium for the Unesco heritage race, famous for its culture, beautiful forests and brutal cobbled hills. Cancellara attacked first on the Molenberg with 44 km to go and Boonen was the only one who could follow. With 15 km to go Cancellara launched a powerful attack on the Muur-Kapelmuur using the last metres of the hill and descent to create a big gap. Once the gap was created, the world tt champion was always favourite and had time to celebrate.
April 11 Paris–Roubaix Fabian Cancellara launched a surprising attack with over 45 km to go while Boonen was taking a drink behind. The Swiss, nicknamed Spartacus, showed incredible strength to stretch out the gap to over 4 minutes over the rest, before relaxing in the final kilometres to celebrate becoming one of the few people to achieve the Flanders Roubaix double in the same week.
April 24 Liège–Bastogne–Liège Alexander Vinokourov came out victorious over Alexander Kolobnev with whom he worked to set up a 2-man finish. Vino attacked with 15 km to go, with many teams hesitant to bring him back, as drag Vinos teammate Alberto Contador, would then attack. With 9 km to go an elite group behind formed and home favourite Philippe Gilbert launched an all or nothing attack. Gilbert halved the 40 second deficit, but Vino and Kolobnev used their 2-man advantage to tire him out and ultimately contested the finish among themselves with Vino riding away to celebrate a successful comeback at the age of 36.
May 8–30 Giro d'Italia Ivan Basso won what was considered to be one of the greatest Grand Tours of all time. With surprisingly exciting stages in the first week, including crashes in the Netherlands a ttt and a tough stage through the mud of Strade Bianchi, the race was blown apart on stage 12 when a group of 30 riders, including climbers David Arroyo and Carlos Sastre got a 12-minute lead. This forced the other contenders to push hard in the very difficult mountains of the 3rd week. Cadel Evans Michelle Scarponi Vincenzo Nibali and Basso took minutes over the leaders on 3 mountain stages, one of which was a mountain finish on the Monte Zoncolan, the hardest mountain in Grand Tour history, lined by hundreds of thousands of fans. The race came down to a difficult stage over the extremely difficult Passo di Mortirolo with a finish in Aprica. Basso needed 3 minutes to take the jersey from Arroyo, and looked likely to get it after taking 2 minutes on the ascent of the climb. But Arroyo surprised the world of cycling with an amazing descent of the mountain in very dangerous conditions, taking back 1 minute 30. The final twist came with the final climb into Aprica, were Basso, helped by teammate Nibali, and stage winner Scarponi, was able to take 3 minutes on Arroyo, gaining the jersey and a 2nd Giro win.
July 3–25 Tour de France Alberto Contador won his 3rd Tour de France and 5th Grand Tour after a close duel with young Luxembourger Andy Schleck. The two were always comfortable, and close to each other, but the onus was on Schleck who was considered to be a far weaker time trial cyclist. Going into the stage on the Col du Tourmalet Schleck needed to get a gap over Contador, but, although he won the stage, Contador finished just behind Schleck and won the Tour on the time trial two days later.
August 1–7 Tour de Pologne Dan Martin
August 28–19 Vuelta a España Vincenzo Nibali won his first Grand Tour after putting in a surprisingly strong performance on the decisive stage. The strong favourite at the halfway point had been Igor Antón but the rider had an unfortunate crash and was forced to abandon. This left the Italian to fight it out with Galician climber Ezequiel Mosquera. Mosquera got time in several mountain stages, and needed 40 seconds on the final stage over the very steep Bola del Mundo. Huge crowds cheered on Mosquera as he attacked with 3 km and he was able to initially get 20 seconds. But Nibali came back and caught Mosquera in the last few metres, and though he was unable to overtake the Spaniard for the stage win, he was the overall winner.
September 29–October 3 UCI Road World Championships Women's Time trial – Emma Pooley. Men's Time Trial – Fabian Cancellara. Women's Road Race – Giorgia Bronzini. Men's Road Race – Thor Hushovd won an epic race which looked to finish in anything but a sprint finish, until the last few kilometres. Several groups kept forming in attacks that looked likely to succeed, but ultimately always got brought back. Favourite Philippe Gilbert expected attack finally came on the 1st climb of the last lap. But as he was caught by a 2nd group, the peloton surprisingly appeared just behind them with 3 k to go and a sprint finish it turned out to be.
October 17 Giro di Lombardia – Philippe Gilbert made up for his failure at the worlds with a 2nd victory in the final monument of the season. The Belgian was simply too strong throughout and never looked like losing. After a crash took out Nibali, Gilbert was left on his own, and waited for Michele Scarponi for support. But the Italian, who is superior in Grand Tours, was out of his depth contesting a one-day race against the classic specialist, who waltzed away with ease in the last few kilometres.
Equestrian
February 18 – February 28 – 2010 Arctic Equestrian Games, Norway
September 25 – October 10 – 2010 FEI World Equestrian Games, Lexington, Kentucky
Figure skating
Floorball
Men's World Floorball Championships
Champion:
Women's under-19 World Floorball Championships
Champion:
EuroFloorball Cup
Men's champion: Storvreta IBK
Women's champion: IKSU Innebandy
Futsal
UEFA Futsal Championship, Hungary – Spain
2010 Grand Prix de Futsal, Brazil – Brazil
Golf
April 20 - Lorena Ochoa announced her retirement from professional golf, leaving her 4-year streak as world's number one ranked player.
Major championships
The Masters winner: Phil Mickelson
U.S. Open winner: Graeme McDowell
The Open Championship winner: Louis Oosthuizen
PGA Championship winner: Martin Kaymer
Women's major championships
Kraft Nabisco Championship winner: Yani Tseng
LPGA Championship winner: Cristie Kerr
U.S. Women's Open winner: Paula Creamer
Women's British Open winner: Yani Tseng
Senior major championships
Senior PGA Championship winner: Tom Lehman
Senior British Open winner: Bernhard Langer
U.S. Senior Open winner: Bernhard Langer
The Tradition winner: Fred Funk
Senior Players Championship winner: Mark O'Meara
Gymnastics
2010 European Men's Artistic Gymnastics Championships
2010 European Women's Artistic Gymnastics Championships
2010 Rhythmic Gymnastics European Championships
2010 World Artistic Gymnastics Championships
2010 World Rhythmic Gymnastics Championships
Handball
European Men's Handball Championship – France
Horse racing
Steeplechases
Cheltenham Gold Cup – Imperial Commander
Grand National – Don't Push It
Grand Steeple-Chase de Paris – Polar Rochelais
Nakayama Grand Jump – Merci Mont Saint
Flat races
Australia:
Cox Plate – So You Think
Melbourne Cup – Americain
Canadian Triple Crown:
Queen's Plate – Big Red Mike
Prince of Wales Stakes – Golden Moka
Breeders' Stakes – Miami Deco
Dubai, United Arab Emirates: Dubai World Cup – Glória de Campeão
France: Prix de l'Arc de Triomphe – Workforce
Hong Kong: Hong Kong International Races
Hong Kong Vase – Mastery
Hong Kong Sprint – J J the Jet Plane
Hong Kong Mile – Beauty Flash
Hong Kong Cup – Snow Fairy
Ireland: Irish Derby – Cape Blanco
Japan: Japan Cup – Rose Kingdom
English Triple Crown:
2,000 Guineas Stakes – Makfi
The Derby – Workforce
St. Leger Stakes – Arctic Cosmos
United States Triple Crown:
Kentucky Derby – Super Saver
Preakness Stakes – Lookin at Lucky
Belmont Stakes – Drosselmeyer
Breeders' Cup World Thoroughbred Championships at Churchill Downs, Louisville, Kentucky (both days arranged in race card order):
Day 1:
Breeders' Cup Marathon – Eldaafer
Breeders' Cup Juvenile Fillies Turf – More Than Real
Breeders' Cup Filly & Mare Sprint – Dubai Majesty
Breeders' Cup Juvenile Fillies – Awesome Feather
Breeders' Cup Filly & Mare Turf – Shared Account
Breeders' Cup Ladies' Classic – Unrivaled Belle
Day 2:
Breeders' Cup Juvenile Turf – Pluck
Breeders' Cup Sprint – Big Drama
Breeders' Cup Turf Sprint – Chamberlain Bridge
Breeders' Cup Juvenile – Uncle Mo
Breeders' Cup Mile – Goldikova
Breeders' Cup Dirt Mile – Dakota Phone
Breeders' Cup Turf – Dangerous Midge
Breeders' Cup Classic – Blame
Harness
Prix d'Amérique – Oyonnax
Ice hockey
February 13–25: wins gold, wins silver, and wins bronze at the women's tournament of the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
February 16–28: wins gold, wins silver, and wins bronze at the men's tournament of the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada.
May 7–23: wins gold, wins silver, and wins bronze at the 2010 IIHF World Championship in Cologne, Mannheim and Gelsenkirchen, Germany.
June 9: The Chicago Blackhawks defeat the Philadelphia Flyers 4–3 in overtime of game six of the 2010 Stanley Cup Finals series to win the Stanley Cup for the first time in 49 years.
Lacrosse
July 15–24 – 2010 World Lacrosse Championship, Manchester, England.
Mixed martial arts
The following is a list of major noteworthy MMA events by month.
January
1/2 – UFC 108: Evans vs. Silva
1/10 – WEC 46: Varner vs. Henderson
1/11 – UFC Fight Night: Maynard vs. Diaz
1/30 – Strikeforce: Miami
February
2/6 – UFC 109: Relentless
2/21 – UFC 110: Nogueira vs. Velasquez
2/26 – ShoMMA 6: Kaufman vs. Hashi
March
3/6 – WEC 47: Bowles vs. Cruz
3/21 – UFC Live: Vera vs. Jones
3/22 – Dream 13
3/26 – ShoMMA 7: Johnson vs. Mahe
3/27 – UFC 111: St. Pierre vs. Hardy
3/31 – UFC Fight Night: Florian vs. Gomi
April
4/8 – Bellator XIII ()
4/10 – UFC 112: Invincible
4/15 – Bellator XIV
4/17 – Strikeforce: Nashville
4/22 – Bellator XV
4/24 – WEC 48: Aldo vs. Faber
4/25 – ASTRA
4/29 – Bellator XVI
May
5/6 – Bellator XVII
5/8 – UFC 113: Machida vs. Shogun 2
5/13 – Bellator XVIII
5/15 – Strikeforce: Heavy Artillery
5/20 – Bellator XIX
5/21 – ShoMMA 8: Lindland vs. Casey
5/27 – Bellator XX
5/29 – UFC 114: Rampage vs. Evans
5/29 – Dream 14
June
6/10 – Bellator XXI
6/12 – UFC 115: Liddell vs. Franklin
6/16 – Strikeforce: Los Angeles
6/17 – Bellator XXII
6/19 – The Ultimate Fighter 11 Finale
6/20 – WEC 49: Varner vs. Shalorus
6/24 – Bellator XXIII ()
6/26 – Strikeforce: Fedor vs. Werdum
July
7/3 – UFC 116: Lesnar vs. Carwin
7/10 – Dream 15
7/10 – Impact FC 1 – The Uprising: Brisbane
7/18 – Impact FC 2 – The Uprising: Sydney
7/23 – ShoMMA 9: Rosario vs. Mahe
August
8/1 – UFC Live: Jones vs. Matyushenko
8/7 – UFC 117: Silva vs. Sonnen
8/12 – Bellator XXIV ()
8/13 – ShoMMA 10: Riggs vs. Taylor
8/18 – WEC 50: Cruz vs. Benavidez 2
8/19 – Bellator XXV
8/21 – Strikeforce: Houston
8/26 – Bellator XXVI
8/28 – UFC 118: Edgar vs. Penn 2
September
9/2 – Bellator XXVII
9/9 – Bellator XXVIII
9/11 – Shark Fights 13: Jardine vs. Prangley
9/15 – UFC Fight Night: Marquardt vs. Palhares
9/16 – Bellator XXIX
9/23 – Bellator XXX
9/25 – UFC 119: Mir vs. Cro Cop
9/25 – Dream 16
9/30 – Bellator XXXI
9/30 – WEC 51: Aldo vs. Gamburyan
October
10/9 – Strikeforce: Diaz vs. Noons II
10/14 – Bellator XXXII
10/16 – UFC 120: Bisping vs. Akiyama
10/21 – Bellator XXXIII
10/22 – ShoMMA 11: Bowling vs. Voelker
10/23 – UFC 121: Lesnar vs. Velasquez
10/28 – Bellator XXXIV ()
November
11/9 – Israel FC: Genesis
11/11 – WEC 52: Faber vs. Mizugaki
11/13 – UFC 122: Marquardt vs. Okami
11/19 – ShoMMA 12: Wilcox vs. Ribeiro
11/20 – UFC 123: Rampage vs. Machida
December
12/4 – The Ultimate Fighter 12 Finale aka The Ultimate Fighter: Team GSP vs. Team Koscheck Finale
12/4 – Strikeforce: St. Louis aka Strikeforce: Henderson vs. Babalu II
12/11 – UFC 124: St-Pierre vs. Koscheck 2
12/16 – WEC 53: Henderson vs. Pettis ()
12/31 – Dynamite!! 2010
Motorsport
Multi-sport events
January 25 – January 31 – 2010 World Winter Masters Games, Bled, Slovenia
January 29 – February 8 – 2010 South Asian Games, Dhaka, Bangladesh
February 12 – 28 – 2010 Winter Olympics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
March 6 – 13 – 2010 Arctic Winter Games in Grande Prairie, Alberta, Canada
March 12 – 21 – 2010 Winter Paralympics, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
March 19 – 30 – 2010 South American Games, in Medellin, Colombia
July 17 – August 1 – 2010 Central American and Caribbean Games, Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
July 31 to August 6, 2010 - 2010 Gay Games, Cologne, Germany
August 14 – 26 – 2010 Summer Youth Olympics, Singapore, Singapore
October 3 – 14 – 2010 Commonwealth Games, Delhi, India
November 12 – 27 – 2010 Asian Games, Guangzhou, China
December 12 – 19 – 2010 Asian Para Games, Guangzhou, China
Pickleball
The International Federation of Pickleball was founded in Goodyear, Arizona by the USA Pickleball Association, now USA Pickleball.
Rink hockey
January 9 – January 15: 2010 Asian Roller Hockey Championship, Dalian, China
July: 2010 Rink Hockey European Championship, Wuppertal, Germany
September 25 – October 2: 2010 Rink Hockey Ladies World Championship, Alcobendas, Spain
September 23 – October 30: 2010 Rink Hockey Men's B World Championship, Dornbirn, Austria
2010 Rink Hockey American Championship, Catalonia
Rowing
October 29 – November 7 – 2010 World Rowing Championships will be held at Lake Karapiro, Hamilton, New Zealand.
Rugby league
January 29 – October 2 – Super League XV was held in England, Wales and France. Wigan Warriors defeated St. Helens 22–10 in the Grand Final for their second title. This was also St Helens' fourth consecutive Grand Final defeat.
February 13– 2010 All Stars match is played on the Gold Coast, Australia.
February 28– 2010 World Club Challenge is played in Leeds, England, with Australia's Melbourne Storm beating England's Leeds Rhinos.
March 12 – October 3 – 2010 NRL season was held in Australia and New Zealand. The St. George Illawarra Dragons defeated Sydney Roosters 32–8 in the Grand Final for their first premiership since the 1999 merger that created the team.
April 22 – The Melbourne Storm Storm are stripped of their 2007 and 2009 premierships and 2006–2008 minor premierships, fined $1.689 million, deducted all eight premiership points for the 2010 season and barred from receiving premiership points for the rest of the season by the National Rugby League after being found guilty of long-term gross salary cap breaches.
October–November – 2010 Rugby League Four Nations will be held in Australia and New Zealand.
October–November – 2010 European Cup will be held in Europe where Ireland, Scotland, Wales and France will compete for a spot in the 2011 four nations.
Rugby union
116th Six Nations Championship series is won by who complete the Grand Slam.
March 8 – The Celtic League and Italian Rugby Federation confirm the entry of two Italian teams, Aironi and Benetton Treviso, into the previously Celtic competition in 2010–11.
May 18–30 – The 2010 IRB Junior World Rugby Trophy was held at several sites in Moscow, Russia and won by .
May 22 – Toulouse win their fourth Heineken Cup, defeating fellow French side Biarritz 21–19 in the Heineken Cup Final at Stade de France in Saint-Denis.
May 23 – Cardiff Blues win the Amlin Challenge Cup Final at Stade Vélodrome in Marseille 28–21 over nearby French club Toulon.
May 29 – The last Super 14 Final before the competition expands to 15 teams is won by the Bulls, who defeat fellow South African side Stormers 25–17 at Orlando Stadium in Soweto.
May 30 – win the Edinburgh Sevens and secure their first IRB Sevens World Series season crown.
May 30, – June 26, – The 2010 Summer Tours start.
June 5–21 – The 2010 IRB Junior World Championship was held at three sites in Argentina and won by .
August 20, – September 5, – 2010 Women's Rugby World Cup was held at two sites in London, England and won by .
October 23, – December 18, – The 2010 end-of-year series takes place. Notable events during this series include:
November 13: Victor Matfield earned his 103rd cap to become South Africa's most-capped player ever.
November 20: Richie McCaw and Mils Muliaina earned their 93rd caps, becoming New Zealand's most-capped players.
November 27: The 2011 Rugby World Cup qualification process concluded in Bucharest with Romania defeating Uruguay 39–12. Romania won the two-legged tie 60–33 on aggregate to claim the final spot in the 2011 Rugby World Cup.
November 27: Dan Carter of New Zealand surpassed Jonny Wilkinson of England as the leading career point scorer in Test rugby.
Domestic competitions
Guinness Premiership – Leicester Tigers
Top 14 – Clermont win their first title in their nearly 100-year history after having lost in 10 previous championship finals.
Celtic League – Ospreys
LV= Cup (Anglo-Welsh Cup) – Northampton Saints
ITM Cup (formerly Air New Zealand Cup) – Canterbury
Currie Cup –
Ski mountaineering
March 1 – March 6 – 2010 World Championship of Ski Mountaineering in Gran Valira (Pyrenees), Andorra
Tennis
Australian Open
Men's final: Roger Federer defeats Andy Murray, 6–3, 6–4, 7–6(11)
Women's final: Serena Williams defeats Justine Henin, 6–4, 3–6, 6–2
French Open
Men's final: Rafael Nadal defeats Robin Söderling, 6–4, 6–2, 6–4
Women's final: Francesca Schiavone defeats Samantha Stosur, 6–4, 7–6(2)
Francesca Schiavone becomes the first Italian, male or female, to win a Grand Slam singles title.
Wimbledon Championships
Men's final: Rafael Nadal defeats Tomáš Berdych, 6–3, 7–5, 6–4
Women's final: Serena Williams defeats Vera Zvonareva, 6–3, 6–2
The first round of the Gentlemen's Singles features the longest match in tennis history. In a match that lasted 11 hours, 5 minutes over three days, American John Isner defeats France's Nicolas Mahut 6–4, 3–6, 6–7(7), 7–6(3), 70–68. The final set alone was longer in both games and time than the previous longest match.
U.S. Open
Men's final: Rafael Nadal defeats Novak Djokovic, 6–4, 5–7, 6–4, 6–2
Women's final: Kim Clijsters defeats Vera Zvonareva, 6–2, 6–1
Davis Cup
defeats , 3–2
Fed Cup
defeats , 3–1
Volleyball
Women's CEV Champions League 2009–10 December 1, 2009 – April 4, 2010. Final Four in Cannes, France
Champions Volley Bergamo, Fenerbahçe Acıbadem, RC Cannes. MVP:
Men's CEV Champions League 2009–10 December 1, 2009 – May 2, 2010. Final Four in Łódź, Poland.
Champions Trentino BetClic, Dynamo Moscow, PGE Skra Bełchatów. MVP:
2010 Liga de Voleibol Superior Femenino February 12 – May 12, in Puerto Rico
Champions Pinkin de Corozal, Season MVP: , Final Series MVP:
2010 Men's Pan-American Volleyball Cup, May 20–31, in Puerto Rico
, and . MVP:
2010 Montreux Volley Masters, June 8–13, in Montreux, Switzerland
, and . MVP:
2010 Women's European Volleyball League, June 5 – July 25, Final Four in Ankara, Turkey
, and . MVP:
2010 Men's European Volleyball League, June 4 – July 17, Final Four in Guadalajara, Spain
, and . MVP:
FIVB World League 2010, June 11 – July 25, 2010, in Córdoba, Argentina
, and . MVP:
2010 Women's Pan-American Volleyball Cup, June 16–27, in Rosarito and Tijuana, Mexico
, and . MVP:
Men's Volleyball at the 2010 Central American and Caribbean Games, July 24–29, in Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
, and . MVP:
Women's Volleyball at the 2010 Central American and Caribbean Games, July 18–23, in Mayagüez, Puerto Rico
, and . MVP:
FIVB World Grand Prix 2010 August 6–29, Final Round in Ningbo, China
, and . MVP:
2010 Final Four Women's Volleyball Cup, September 19–26, Chiapas, Mexico
, and . MVP:
2010 FIVB Men's World Championship, September 24, 2010 to October 10, 2010
, and . MVP:
2010 FIVB Women's World Championship October 29, 2010 to November 14, 2010
, and . MVP:
Men's Volleyball at the 2010 Asian Games, November 18–27 in Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
, and .
Women's Volleyball at the 2010 Asian Games, November 13–27 in Guangzhou, Guangdong, China
, and .
2010 FIVB Men's Club World Championship December 15–21, 2010 in Doha, Qatar.
Champions Trentino BetClic, PGE Skra Bełchatów, Paykan Tehran, MVP:
2010 FIVB Women's Club World Championship December 15–21, 2010 in Doha, Qatar.
Champions Fenerbahçe Acıbadem, Sollys Osasco, Bergamo, MVP:
References
Sports by year | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010%20in%20sports |
Famous Footwear is a nationwide chain of retail stores in the United States dealing in branded footwear, generally at prices discounted from manufacturer's suggested prices. The chain is a division of the St. Louis-based Caleres and had more than 1,125 stores in 2010.
Company history
Formation
Famous Footwear began in 1960 with the establishment of a single shoe store, Neil's Factory Shoe Outlet (launched as "Neil's Shoes"), in Madison, Wisconsin. The store was launched by 29-year-old Neil Moldenhauer and was financed by a $10,000 loan.
In 1963, Neil's Factory Shoe Outlet hired a college student named Brian Cook as a stock boy, a man who later rose up the company ladder to become president of Famous Footwear in 1979. Nearly half a century later Cook recalled:
"We were one of the first factory outlets in the Midwest.... The store bought all closeouts and was primarily a women's store. The market had never seen anything like that... Most of the stores that shoppers went to were mom-and-pop stores, department stores were all very expensive, not at all like they are today. The market was wide open for big, open formats selling discount product. As a result, we started a rapid store expansion program. We ended up putting a lot of little stores out of business....
"Eventually, in the early 1990s, everybody was a discounter. Everyone was opening shoe stores like ours. Everyone copied our concept. We were groundbreaking and very revolutionary at the time, and not very popular with a lot of regular-priced retailers.
The name "Famous Footwear" was launched in 1964 when Moldenhauer opened a second store in Cedar Rapids, Iowa. By the end of the 1960s, eight Famous Footwear and Neil's Factory Shoe Outlet stores were in operation, with combined annual revenues approaching $1 million.
Expansion
By 1974, all stores in the chain — which then consisted of 15 stores — were unified under the Famous Footwear banner. Ninety percent of the chain was purchased from Moldenhauer that5 year by a leveraged buyout led by longtime employees Dave Orfan and Brian Cook, along with a group of outside investors. Orfan initially assumed the role of president with Cook as executive vice president, a relationship which changed in 1979 when Cook assumed the presidency. The company became an attractive investment opportunity for the St. Louis-based Brown Shoe Company, which acquired the firm and immediately set about planning for rapid expansion. By 1986, the chain consisted of 230 stores.
In 1990, Famous Footwear launched a distribution center in Sun Prairie, Wisconsin, near Madison. This was followed by another distribution center in Lebanon, Tennessee, constructed in 1993. Fueled by Brown Shoe Co. money, the chain had expanded to 722 stores in 44 states by the end of that year.
Before 1974, because of its discounting policy, Famous Footwear was unable to purchase footwear from the two leading athletic shoe giants of the day, Adidas and Puma. Consumer demand for this emerging product category was enormous. In response, Famous Footwear opened up a number of little sporting goods shops called All Star Sports Centers, facilities which were directly promoted by regular Famous stores.
The move accelerated the growth of the Famous Footwear chain again, albeit the company's typical business model, which was historically based upon the long margins possible through bulk buying of discontinued products. In the ensuing decades, Famous gradually moved to a more traditional mark-up structure based upon the bulk purchase of current goods, while remaining a leading distributor of closeout branded merchandise.
Company today
In October 2010, Famous Footwear consisted of 1,126 retail stores in the United States, including 947 Famous Footwear stores and 179 thematically structured outlet stores. Some 26 new stores were launched or were planned to open in 2010. The company indicated a long-term desire to add another 400 to 500 stores. The company indicated that it had plans to close 126 underperforming stores by the end of 2012, approximately matched by planned openings of additional new locations.
Famous opened five athletic driven stores named "Mind Body Sole" intending to show manufacturers like Nike, Reebok, Brooks, Asics, Adidas and Mizuno that it had the capability to sell these items through commitment to training and customer service. Once these small sales stores were unable to move certain high dollar items, the company would be able to move them into the outlet stores under the assumption of them being clear outs being shifted into the outlets. What happened, though, was that these items were moved into the outlets and the price was placed at or near retail price, regardless of age or the business trend of the price of such items.
In 2010, Famous claimed to be dealing with some 800 brands as a company. In that year about 18 percent of the chain's business involved the brands of Famous' parent corporation, Brown Shoe Company (in May 2015 named Caleres), which include Naturalizer, Dr. Scholl's, Franco Sarto, Sam Edelman and the chain's private label, Connie.
In November 2010, Famous Footwear planned to launch a new five-store test of an outlet concept called "Mind Body Soul", concentrating on footwear related to the toning and fitness category. Test stores would average and would initially be launched in Denver, Tulsa, Orlando and Palm Beach, Florida, and Burlington, Massachusetts.
References
External links
Official Famous Footwear website
Shoe companies of the United States
Companies based in St. Louis
American companies established in 1960
Retail companies established in 1960
1960 establishments in Wisconsin
Footwear retailers of the United States
1980 mergers and acquisitions
Caleres | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Famous%20Footwear |
SG Union Solingen was a German association football club from Solingen, North Rhine-Westphalia.
History
The side can trace its roots back to an earlier Union Solingen club founded in 1897 out of the merger of a number of clubs from the district of Ohligs that would over time include Ohligs FC 06, VfR Ohligs, Walder Ballspielverein, and BV Adler Ohligs. Of the club's predecessor sides only VfR Ohligs would distinguish itself with any time spent in first-division football when they played the 1940–41 season in the Gauliga Niederrhein before being relegated on the heels of last place finish.
In 1949, after World War II, the club was re-formed as Union Ohligs and began play in the 2nd Oberliga West (Gruppe 2). By the early 70s they were playing in the Amateurliga Niederrhein (III). A 1973 merger with VfL Wald Ohligs 1897 led to the formation of a club that played in the Regionalliga West (II) as Ohligs SC Solingen for a single season before being relegated. Renamed SG Union Solingen the next year, the team earned promotion to the 2.Bundesliga-Nord by the middle of the decade. They would stay fourteen seasons in the professional ranks with their best finishes being a fifth and sixth in 1984–85. Solingen returned to the Amateur-Oberliga Nordrhein (III) in 1989: by this time the club was suffering financially and would soon be bankrupt. In 1990 the club was dissolved.
Former coaches
Manfred Krafft (1986–1987)
Eckhard Krautzun (1983)
Erhard Ahmann † (1981–1982)
Gerhard Prokop † (1980–1981)
Horst Franz (1977–1980)
Manfred Krafft (1970–1971)
Former players
Honours
Amateurliga Niederrhein champions: 1973, 1975
Landesliga Niederrhein champions: 1969
References
External links
The Abseits Guide to German Soccer
Defunct football clubs in Germany
Defunct football clubs in North Rhine-Westphalia
Association football clubs established in 1949
1949 establishments in Germany
Association football clubs disestablished in 1990
1990 disestablishments in Germany
Solingen
2. Bundesliga clubs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SG%20Union%20Solingen |
Sadistic Symphony is the eighth album by American heavy metal band Vicious Rumors, released in 2001.
Track listing
"Break" – 5:06
"Sadistic Symphony" – 5:47
"March of the Damned" – 5:17
"Blacklight" – 8:06
"Puritan Demons" – 4:17
"Born Again Hard" – 3:47
"Neodymium Man" – 4:35
"Elevator to Hell" – 3:55
"Cerebral Sea" – 4:53
"Ascension" – 1:24
"Liquify" – 5:11
Personnel
Geoff Thorpe: Guitars, Vocals
Ira Black: Guitars
Morgan Thorn: Vocals
Cornbread: Bass
Additional musicians
Mark McGee: Additional Guitars (Tracks 2,4,5,7,9)
Atma Anur: Drums (Track 1–10)
James Murphy: Lead Guitar Solo (Track 11)
Bill Ackerman: Drums (Track 11)
References
2001 albums
Vicious Rumors albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sadistic%20Symphony |
The Halden Canal near Halden, Norway, began construction in 1852. The canal allows boats to travel parallel to the Swedish border of 75 km from Tistedal to Skulerud. Engebret Soot (1786 - 1859) was responsible for this canal, as well as the earlier Soot Canal. Tistedal is located 4 km from the sea at Halden. Boats can be transported by road here and from Ørje to Dalsland Canal. Halden Canal was added to the list of priority technical and industrial cultural heritage by the Norwegian Directorate for Cultural Heritage.
Locks
Four sets of locks (sluser) control the water in the canal. Between 1857 and 1860 the Strømsfoss and Ørje locks were built. In 1865, the Stenselv river portion of the canal, with two locks at Krappeto, was completed. The locks in the Halden Canal can pass vessels which are 24 m in length, 6 m in beam and of 1.6 m draft.
Ørje sluser is located at the north of the system, near Ørje. These facilities include a canal lock museum and three canal lock chambers with a total elevation difference of 10 meters. The canal lock gates are operated manually. Ørje was built in 1860. At Ørje, a standing stone has been erected for the canal constructor Engebret Soot.
Strømsfoss sluse is located near Strømsfoss (in the middle of this system) and has one canal lock gate and 2 meter elevation height. The locks were built in 1860.
Brekke sluse (in the south of the system) is Northern Europe's highest canal lock system. Brekke has four canal lock chambers and a height difference of 26.6 meters. The Brekke locks were completed in 1924.
As a start of the connection between the fjord and the pre-existing canal, three locks with totally nine metres elevation difference were built in Halden in 1909. They are not operative but the lowest at Porsnes is intact. The remaining height difference of 70 metres to Lake Femsjøen at which the present canal begins, would be a costly and demanding project and was planned but has not been attempted. Leisure boats are transported by lorry here.
References
External links
Halden Canal website (in Norwegian)
Canal museum (in Norwegian)
Canals in Norway
Geography of Viken (county)
Water transport in Viken
Canals opened in 1865 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halden%20Canal |
Taoist sexual practices () are the ways Taoists may practice sexual activity. These practices are also known as "joining energy" or "the joining of the essences". Practitioners believe that by performing these sexual arts, one can stay in good health, and attain longevity or spiritual advancement.
History
Some Taoist sects during the Han dynasty performed sexual intercourse as a spiritual practice, called héqì (, lit. "joining energy"). The first sexual texts that survive today are those found at Mawangdui. While Taoism had not yet fully evolved as a philosophy at this time, these texts shared some remarkable similarities with later Tang dynasty texts, such as the Ishinpō (). The sexual arts arguably reached their climax between the end of the Han dynasty and the end of the Tang dynasty.
After AD 1000, Confucian restraining attitudes towards sexuality became stronger, so that by the beginning of the Qing dynasty in 1644, sex was a taboo topic in public life. These Confucians alleged that the separation of genders in most social activities existed 2,000 years ago and suppressed the sexual arts. Because of the taboo surrounding sex, there was much censoring done during the Qing in literature, and the sexual arts disappeared in public life. As a result, some of the texts survived only in Japan, and most scholars had no idea that such a different concept of sex existed in early China.
Ancient and medieval practices
Qi (lifeforce) and jing (essence)
The basis of all Taoist thinking is that qi () is part of everything in existence. Qi is related to another energetic substance contained in the human body known as jing (), and once all this has been expended the body dies. Jing can be lost in many ways, but most notably through the loss of body fluids. Taoists may use practices to stimulate/increase and conserve their bodily fluids to great extents. The fluid believed to contain the most jing is semen. Therefore, Taoists believe in decreasing the frequency of, or totally avoiding, ejaculation in order to conserve life essence.
Male control of ejaculation
Many Taoist practitioners link the loss of ejaculatory fluids to the loss of vital life force: where excessive fluid loss results in premature aging, disease, and general fatigue. While some Taoists contend that one should never ejaculate, others provide a specific formula to determine the maximum number of regular ejaculations in order to maintain health.
The general idea is to limit the loss of fluids as much as possible to the level of your desired practice. As these sexual practices were passed down over the centuries, some practitioners have given less importance to the limiting of ejaculation. This variety has been described as "...while some declare non-ejaculation injurious, others condemn ejaculating too fast in too much haste." Nevertheless, the "retention of the semen" is one of the foundational tenets of Taoist sexual practice.
There are different methods to control ejaculation prescribed by the Taoists. In order to avoid ejaculation, the man could do one of several things. He could pull out immediately before orgasm, a method also more recently termed as "coitus conservatus." A second method involved the man applying pressure on the perineum, thus retaining the sperm. While if done incorrectly this can cause retrograde ejaculation, the Taoists believed that the jing traveled up into the head and "nourished the brain." Cunnilingus was believed to be ideal by preventing the loss of semen and vaginal liquids.
Practice control
Another important concept of "the joining of the essences" was that the union of a man and a woman would result in the creation of jing, a type of sexual energy. When in the act of lovemaking, jing would form, and the man could transform some of this jing into qi, and replenish his lifeforce. By having as much sex as possible, men had the opportunity to transform more and more jing, and as a result would see many health benefits.
Yin and yang
The concept of yin and yang is important in Taoism and consequently also holds special importance in sex. Yang usually referred to the male sex, whereas yin could refer to the female sex. Man and woman were the equivalent of heaven and earth, but became disconnected. Therefore, while heaven and earth are eternal, man and woman suffer a premature death. Every interaction between yin and yang had significance. Because of this significance, every position and action in lovemaking had importance. Taoist texts described a large number of special sexual positions that served to cure or prevent illness, similar to the Kama Sutra.
There was the notion that men released yang during orgasm, while women shed yin during theirs. Every orgasm from the user would nourish the partner's energy.
Women
For Taoists, sex was not just about pleasing a man. The woman also had to be stimulated and pleased in order to benefit from the act of sex. Sunü (素女), female advisor to the Yellow Emperor (Huangdi), noted ten important indications of female satisfaction. If sex were performed in this manner, the woman would create more jing, and the man could more easily absorb the jing to increase his own qi.
According to Jolan Chang, in early Chinese history, women played a significant role in the Tao () of loving, and that the degeneration into subordinate roles came much later in Chinese history. Women were also given a prominent place in the Ishinpō, with the tutor being a woman. One of the reasons women had a great deal of strength in the act of sex was that they walked away undiminished from the act. The woman had the power to bring forth life, and did not have to worry about ejaculation or refractory period. To quote Laozi from the Tao Te Ching: "The Spirit of the Valley is inexhaustible... Draw on it as you will, it never runs dry."
Women also helped men extend their lives. Many of the ancient texts were dedicated explanations of how a man could use sex to extend his own life but, his life was extended only through the absorption of the woman's vital energies (jing and qi). Some Taoists came to call the act of sex "the battle of stealing and strengthening". These sexual methods could be correlated with Taoist military methods. Instead of storming the gates, the battle was a series of feints and maneuvers that would sap the enemy's resistance. Fang described this battle as "the ideal was for a man to 'defeat' the 'enemy' in the sexual 'battle' by keeping himself under complete control so as not to emit semen, while at the same time exciting the woman until she reached orgasm and shed her Yin essence, which was then absorbed by the man."
Jolan Chang points out that it was after the Tang dynasty (AD 618–906) that "the Tao of Loving" was "steadily corrupted", and that it was these later corruptions that reflected battle imagery and elements of a "vampire" mindset. Other research into early Taoism found more harmonious attitudes of yin-yang communion.
Multiple partners
This practice was not limited to male on female, however, as it was possible to women to do the same in turn with the male yang. The deity known as the Queen Mother of the West was described to have no husband, instead having intercourse with young virgin males to nourish her female element.
Age of partners
Some Ming dynasty Taoist sects believed that one way for men to achieve longevity or 'towards immortality' is by having intercourse with virgins, particularly young virgins. Taoist sexual books by Liangpi and Sanfeng call the female partner ding (鼎) and recommend sex with premenarche virgins.
Liangpi concludes that the ideal ding is a pre-menarche virgin just under 14 years of age and women older than 18 should be avoided. Sanfeng went further and divided ding partners into three ranks of descending importance: premenarche virgins aged 14-16, menstruating virgins aged 16-20 and women aged 21-25.
According to Ge Hong, a 4th-century Taoist alchemist, "those seeking 'immortality' must perfect the absolute essentials. These consist of treasuring the jing, circulating the qi, and consuming the great medicine." The sexual arts concerned the first precept, treasuring the jing. This is partially because treasuring the jing involved sending it up into the brain. In order to send the jing into the brain, the male had to refrain from ejaculation during sex. According to some Taoists, if this was done, the jing would travel up the spine and nourish the brain instead of leaving the body. Ge Hong also states, however, that it is folly to believe that performing the sexual arts only can achieve immortality and some of the ancient myths on sexual arts had been misinterpreted and exaggerated. Indeed, the sexual arts had to be practiced alongside alchemy to attain longevity. Ge Hong also warned it could be dangerous if practiced incorrectly.
See also
Jiutian Xuannü, goddess of sexuality as well as warfare and longevity
Tantric sex
Sex magic
Aiki (Japanese)
Yangsheng (Daoism)
Notes
References
Contemporary texts
David Deida. The Superior Lover. 2001.
Chang, Jolan. The Tao of Love and Sex. Plume, 1977.
Chang, Stephen T.. The Tao of Sexology: The Book of Infinite Wisdom. Tao Longevity LLC, 1986.
Chia, Mantak and Maneewan. Healing Love Through the Tao: Cultivating Female Sexual Energy. Healing Tao, 1986.
Chia, Mantak and Michael Winn. Taoist Secrets of Love: Cultivating Male Sexual Energy. Aurora, 1984.
Chia, Mantak and Douglas Abrams Arava. The Multi-Orgasmic Man. HarperCollins, 1996.
Chia, Mantak and Maneewan. The Multi-Orgasmic Couple. HarperOne, 2002.
Chia, Mantak and Rachel Carlton Abrams. The Multi-Orgasmic Woman. Rodale, 2005.
Frantzis, Bruce. Taoist Sexual Meditation. North Atlantic Books, 2012.
Holden, Lee and Rachel Carlton Abrams. Taoist Sexual Secrets: Harness Your Qi Energy for Ecstasy, Vitality, and Transformation - Audio CD set. Sounds True, 2010.
Hsi Lai. The Sexual Teachings of the White Tigress: Secrets of the Female Taoist Masters. Destiny Books, 2001.
Needham, Joseph. Science and Civilization in China, 5:2. Cambridge: Cambridge University, 1983.
Reid, Daniel P. The Tao of Health, Sex & Longevity. Simon & Schuster, 1989.
Robinet, Isabelle. Taoism: Growth of a Religion (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1997 [original French 1992]).
Van Gulik, Robert. The Sexual Life of Ancient China: A Preliminary Survey of Chinese Sex and Society from ca. 1500 B.C. till 1644 A.D. Leiden: Brill, 1961.
Ruan Fang Fu. Sex in China: Studies in Sexology in Chinese Culture Plenum Press, 1991.
Wik, Mieke and Stephan. Beyond Tantra: Healing through Taoist Sacred Sex. Findhorn Press, 2005.
Wile, Douglas. The Art of the Bedchamber: The Chinese Sexual Yoga Classics including Women's Solo Meditation Texts. Albany: State University of New York, 1992.
Zettnersan, Chian. Taoist Bedroom Secrets, Twin Lakes, WI: Lotus Press, 2002.
Classical texts
Su Nu Jing
Health Benefits of the Bedchamber
Ishinpō (醫心方)
"Priceless Recipe" by Sun S'su-Mo (Tang)
"Hsiu Chen Yen I" by Wu Hsien (Han)
External links
Chinese Sexology "Seizing Immortality from the Jaws of Impermanence"
The Great Tao Answers to Everyday Problems.
History of Taoist Sexual Development in China
Sample of the Taoist Manuals
Sexology
Sexual acts
Sexuality and religion
Sexuality in China
Taoist practices | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taoist%20sexual%20practices |
Wawoi River is a river located in Western Province, Papua New Guinea. With a total length of , mean annual discharge of and has a drainage basin of its source is located in Mount Bosavi and flows southeast into the Gulf of Papua. The river is home to fish species such as barramundi and catfish. The surrounding landscape is also home to a variety of fauna such as Rusa deer, wallabies, wild pigs, crocodiles and various lizards.
The estimated terrain elevation above sea level is .
References
External links
Wawoi River
Wawoi River: Papua New Guinea
Topografische Karte New Guinea 1:250,000, Blatt SB 54-16 Aworra River, U.S. Army Map Service
Rivers of Papua New Guinea | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wawoi%20River |
The Clemson–South Carolina football brawl, also known as The Brawl, was an on-field altercation during an NCAA game between football players from the University of South Carolina and Clemson University. The incident took place on November 20, 2004 at the Memorial Stadium in Clemson, South Carolina. This disturbance led to serious repercussions handed down for those involved from the SEC (South Carolina's conference) and the ACC (Clemson's conference). This took place the day after a notable brawl at an NBA game in Detroit, the "Malice at the Palace".
The fight
Prior to the contest, some South Carolina players congregated at the corner of the endzone near the bottom of "the Hill" at Memorial Stadium as Clemson made its traditional entrance to the field. Brief shoving ensued between Gamecock and Tiger players but was broken up quickly.
The brawl escalated late in the game after South Carolina quarterback Syvelle Newton was knocked to the ground after a shot to the helmet following an incomplete pass on 4th and 11 with 5:48 left to go in the fourth quarter, and Clemson players lay on top of him, preventing him from getting up. Players on the field from both teams were involved in shoving and punching, and both benches cleared as chaos erupted. The iconic image of the brawl was of Clemson's Yusef Kelly kicking a helmetless South Carolina player in the head as he lay face down, attempting to protect his head with his hands. State Troopers, as well as other local law enforcement officers, entered the field to restore order. No fans entered the field during the chaos. Play was suspended for six minutes.
The fight overshadowed the last game in which Lou Holtz participated as South Carolina's head coach, as he retired at the end of the season. Holtz quoted that he "is going to be remembered along with former Ohio State coach Woody Hayes for having a fight at the Clemson game," alluding to the 1978 Gator Bowl. Holtz then handed the coaching reins to Steve Spurrier. Clemson won the game 29–7.
The following year (2005), in a showing of sportsmanship which was coordinated by both schools' athletic departments and administrations, both teams met at midfield at Williams-Brice Stadium at the University of South Carolina and shook hands.
The consequences
The ACC and SEC reviewed the tapes of both incidents before handing out proper punishments to players. However, both schools imposed a punishment of their own on November 22, by saying that neither team would be permitted to play in a bowl game because of the brawl.
Both the SEC and ACC suspended players from each school, with the SEC's penalties effective for South Carolina's first game of the 2005-06 season, against Central Florida, while the ACC allowed Clemson to stagger the suspensions for its offending players at various games during the 2005-06 season.
The ACC's policy on players serving suspensions permitted Clemson to punish the players during the season, and not an immediate penalty during the Tigers' first game of 2005, against Texas A&M. Some of the offending players were involved in the crucial game, which resulted in a Tigers win in the final seconds. The penalties were served, based on a case-by-case basis, in midseason games against the winless Temple and one game winner Duke.
See also
Clemson–South Carolina rivalry
FIU–Miami football brawl, a similar incident during a 2006 college football game
Pacers–Pistons brawl, a noteworthy brawl in the NBA that occurred the night before the Clemson–South Carolina brawl
List of historically significant college football games
References
2004 Atlantic Coast Conference football season
2004 Southeastern Conference football season
Brawls in team sports
College football controversies
Clemson Tigers football games
South Carolina Gamecocks football games
November 2004 sports events in the United States
2004 in sports in South Carolina
Violence in sports
Nicknamed sporting events | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Clemson%E2%80%93South%20Carolina%20football%20brawl |
Mitchell J. Wade (born June 6, 1963) is an American defense contractor implicated in the events that led to the 2005 resignation of U.S. Representative Randy "Duke" Cunningham.
Wade founded the defense contracting firm MZM Inc. (since renamed Athena Innovative Solutions Inc.), in 1993. On February 24, 2006, he pleaded guilty to paying then Rep. Randy "Duke" Cunningham (R. Calif.) more than $1 million in bribes in exchange for millions more in government contracts. Wade was one of four co-conspirators mentioned in Cunningham's plea agreement of November 28, 2005. In addition to Wade, the three other co-conspirators are: Brent R. Wilkes, founder of San Diego-based ADCS Inc.; New York businessman Thomas Kontogiannis; and John T. Michael, Kontogiannis' nephew.
Personal life
Wade graduated from American University. He married Christiane D. Shipley on June 6, 1999. Shipley graduated from Wake Forest University in 1990. Wade has three children from a previous marriage, Matthew, Zachary and Morgan, and two with Shipley. The Wades used to live in Great Falls, Virginia.
Career
Initially he worked as a bureaucrat at The Pentagon, then formed his own defense-contracting firm MZM, Inc., which was later embroiled in scandal. Wade named MZM after his children: Matthew, Zachary and Morgan.
Wade also served in the Naval Reserve.
Bribery scandal details
In June 2005, it was revealed that Wade had bought Cunningham's house in Del Mar, California for $1,675,000. A month later, Wade placed it back on the market where it remained unsold for eight months until the price was reduced to $975,000. Cunningham was a member of the Defense Appropriations Subcommittee and shortly after the purchase, Wade began to receive tens of millions of dollars' worth of defense and intelligence contracts.
Later in June, it was further reported that the yacht that Cunningham lived on while he was in Washington was owned by Wade, and that Cunningham was paying only for maintenance, not rent. The Federal Bureau of Investigation launched an investigation regarding the real estate transaction. Cunningham's home, MZM's Corporate Offices and Wade's home were all simultaneously raided by a number of federal agencies with warrants on July 1, 2005.
The money and favors provided to Cunningham were in exchange for helping win Pentagon work. Government procurement records show that MZM, which Wade started in 1993, did not report any revenue from prime contract awards until 2003, but starting in May 2002 they were awarded contracts in the tens of millions of dollars which then grew to well over $150 million.
"Prosecutors also laid out a second, separate conspiracy in which Wade was alleged to have paid bribes to a Defense Department official and other employees in return for their help in awarding contracts to his company. Wade pleaded guilty to this scheme as well. The Pentagon employees were not named in court filings."
Other Members of Congress involved
Reuters reported
In violation of campaign-finance laws, Wade was found to have reimbursed employees at his company, MZM Inc., who made campaign contributions to two other members of Congress.
Campaign-finance records show that those lawmakers were Virginia Republican Rep. Virgil Goode and Florida Republican Rep. Katherine Harris. The charges indicate Wade did not inform either one that the contributions were unlawful.
A spokeswoman for Harris, who as Florida's secretary of state played a key role in the 2000 disputed presidential election between George W. Bush and Al Gore, said she had given the $52,000 she received from MZM employees to charity.
A spokesman for Goode was not immediately available for comment. According to the charges he received at least $46,000 in illegal contributions from MZM.
MZM operates several facilities in Goode's south-central Virginia district, including one that conducts background checks on foreign-owned defense contractors.
The Washington Post reported: "The congressman identifiable as Goode received $46,000 in such disguised contributions in 2003 and 2005, the court papers said. That was part of about $90,000 Wade and his workers contributed to Goode. Wade then asked the member to request appropriations for an MZM facility in his district, the Wade papers said, and a Goode staff member confirmed to Wade that the bill would include $9 million in funding."
The paper also noted: "The member identifiable as Harris received $32,000 in illegal donations from Wade and his employees in 2004. Documents filed with Wade's plea say that he took Harris to dinner early last year, where they discussed the possibility of another fundraiser and the possibility of getting funding for a Navy counterintelligence program in the member's district. One source familiar with the inquiry said Harris made such a request for funding, but it was not granted."
Mitchell Wade also contributed to the following political persons:
RNC (Republican National Committee)
John F. Kerry (D)
DNC Services Corporation (Democratic National Committee)
Robert L. Barr, Jr. (R) Georgia
Elizabeth Dole (R) NC
Larry Craig (R) ID
Steve Chabot (R) OH
Zach Wamp (R) Tenn
Duncan Hunter (R) CA
Devin Gerald Nunes (R) CA
Jerry Lewis (R) CA
Robert Ney (R) OH
John William Warner (R) Virginia
C. W. Bill Young (R) Florida
National Republican Senatorial Committee
John Davidson the IV Rockefeller (D) WV
Richard G Renzi (R) Arizona
Mario Diaz-Balart (R) Florida
Floyd Davidson Spence (R) South Carolina
John Murtha (D) Pennsylvania
All the above are verifiable at fec.gov
References
External links
Mitchell Wade's Plea Agreement
Pentagon Ends New Work On D.C. Firm's Contract: MZM to Name New CEO as Relationship With Congressman Is Under Investigation, by Renae Merle and R. Jeffrey Smith, Washington Post, June 28, 2005
Secret military spending gets little oversight, by Matt Kelley and Jim Drinkard, USA Today, November 9, 2005.
"Contractors Linked to Bribery Case Worked Together," by Charles Babcock, Washington Post, November 30, 2005.
Contractor pleads guilty in Cunningham bribery scandal, by Finlay Lewis, San Diego Union-Tribune, February 24, 2006.
Mitchell Wade's campaign contribution report, NewsMeat.
1963 births
Living people
American University alumni
21st-century American businesspeople
American people convicted of bribery
American businesspeople convicted of crimes
People from Great Falls, Virginia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mitchell%20Wade |
AT-12 may refer to
AT-12 Swinger, a missile
AT-12 Guardsman, an aircraft
AT12, (AT12T) a man portable 120mm disposable anti-tank weapon manufactured by Bofors. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AT-12 |
Chitrāngada (, citrāngada) was the king of Kuru Mahajanapada with his capital Hastinapura. He belonged to the Lunar Dynasty of Bharata Tribe He was the elder son of Shantanu and Satyavati, who ascended the throne of Hastinapura after his father's death.
Life as a warrior
Following the wishes of queen Satyavati, Bhishma had placed Chitrangada on the throne of the kingdom of the Kurus after Shantanu's departure. Chitrangada was a great warrior and defeated many powerful enemies and Asuras. But soon he developed pride and began disrespecting everyone. Bhishma who tried to correct his young brother's bad behaviour was ignored and rendered powerless on account of his oath to perpetually serve the Kuru King. Finally, the king of the Gandharvas, who was his namesake, came to challenge him saying there could be only one Chitrangada which was himself. A fierce battle took place between the two warriors on the bank of the river Hiranyavati, lasting three years. In the end the king of the Gandharvas defeated the Kuru king and killed him. After having performed the rites of the dead, Bhishma immediately consecrated Chitrangada's younger brother Vichitravirya to the kingdom.
References
Bibliography
Citrangada in: M.M.S. Shastri Chitrao, Bharatavarshiya Prachin Charitrakosha (Dictionary of Ancient Indian Biography, in Hindi), Pune 1964, p. 213
J.A.B. van Buitenen, Mahabharata, vol. 1, The University of Chicago Press, 1973
External links
Persons and Stories from Mahabharata
Characters in the Mahabharata
Mythological kings of Kuru | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chitr%C4%81ngada |
St. Elizabeth's Church in Marburg, Germany, was built by the Order of the Teutonic Knights in honour of Saint Elizabeth of Hungary. Her tomb made the church an important pilgrimage destination during the late Middle Ages.
Architecture
The church is one of the earliest purely Gothic churches in German-speaking areas, and is held to be a model for the architecture of Cologne Cathedral. It is built from sandstone in a cruciform layout. The nave and its flanking aisles have a vaulted ceiling more than 20 m (66 ft) high. The triple choir consists of the Elisabeth choir, the High choir and the Landgrave choir. The crossing is separated from the nave by a stone rood screen. In earlier times, the front part of the church had been reserved for the knights of the Order. The church has two towers with an approximate height of 80 m (263 ft). The northern one is crowned by a star, the southern one by a knight. It served as an inspiration for St. Paul's Church in Strasbourg.
The Gothic shrine of St. Elizabeth is the most important treasure of the church, but other pieces of religious art are also exhibited.
History
Construction started in 1235, the year Saint Elizabeth was canonized. The church was consecrated in 1283. However, the towers were not finished until 1340. The church was the property of the Order of the Teutonic Knights; some buildings of the Order still exist near the church, among them the Deutschhausgut, which now houses the mineral collection and the department of geography of the Philipps University of Marburg.
Until the 16th century, the Landgraves of Hesse were buried in the church. In the context of the Reformation, Philip I, Landgrave of Hesse had Elizabeth's remains removed, in order to deter pilgrims from the Protestant city of Marburg. Today, relics of Elizabeth can be found in St. Elizabeth Convent in Vienna, and in Košice. The Reliquary of St. Elizabeth is in the Swedish History Museum, Stockholm.
Most of the knights and clerics of the Order who were attached to the church converted to Protestantism during the 16th century, and the church was used for Protestant services from that point on. For a short time at the beginning of the 19th century, both Catholic Mass and Protestant communion services were celebrated in separate parts of the church.
After World War II, former German president Paul von Hindenburg and his wife were buried in the Elizabeth Church, after the removal of their remains from a salt mine where they were hidden under orders of their son Oskar von Hindenburg to protect them from Soviet Forces, later to be found by the US Army, and finally put to rest in this 13th-century church.
Recent developments
In order to start a long-needed renovation of the church and the remodelling of its immediate neighbourhood, the Stiftung Heilige Elisabeth foundation was established in 2004 and supports the City of Marburg and the Protestant Church of Hesse-Kassel and Waldeck in the financing of the repair measures.
See also
Konrad von Marburg
References
Hermann Bauer: Sankt Elisabeth und die Elisabethkirche zu Marburg. Marburg, Hitzeroth 1990
Andreas Köstler: Die Ausstattung der Marburger Elisabethkirche. Zur Ästhetisierung des Kultraums im Mittelalter. Berlin, Reimer 1995
Eberhard Leppin: Die Elisabethkirche in Marburg an der Lahn. Königstein, Langwiesche 1999
External links
St. Elizabeth's Church
Buildings and structures in Marburg
Marburg, St Elisabeth's
Marburg
Churches completed in 1340
Burial sites of the House of Hesse | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/St.%20Elizabeth%27s%20Church%2C%20Marburg |
Paul Outerbridge, Jr. (August 15, 1896 – October 17, 1958) was an American photographer prominent for his early use and experiments in color photography.
Outerbridge was a fashion and commercial photographer, an early pioneer and teacher of color photography, and a creator of erotic nude photographs that could not be exhibited in his lifetime.
Photography career
While still in his teens, Outerbridge worked as an illustrator and theatrical designer creating stage settings and lighting schemes. After an accident caused his discharge from the Royal Canadian Naval Air Service, in 1917, he enlisted in the U.S. Army where he produced his first photographic work.
In 1921, Outerbridge enrolled in the Clarence H. White school of photography at Columbia University. Within a year his work began being published in Vanity Fair and Vogue magazines.
In London, in 1925, the Royal Photographic Society invited Outerbridge to exhibit in a one-man show.
Paris
Outerbridge then traveled to Paris and became friends with the artists and photographers Man Ray, Marcel Duchamp, and Berenice Abbott. In Paris he produced a layout for the French Vogue magazine, met and worked with Edward Steichen, and built the largest, most completely equipped advertising photography studio of the time.
In 1929, 12 of Outerbridge's photographs were included in the prestigious German Film und Foto exhibition.
New York
Returning to New York in 1929, Outerbridge opened a studio producing commercial and artistic work, and began writing a monthly column on color photography for the U.S. Camera Magazine. Outerbridge became known for the high quality of his color illustrations, made by an extremely complex tri-color carbro process.
In 1937, Outerbridge's photographs were included in an exhibit at the Museum of Modern Art and in 1940 he published his seminal book Photographing in Color, using high quality illustrations to explain his techniques.
Outerbridge's vivid color nude studies included early fetish photos and were too indecent under contemporary standards to find general public acceptance. A scandal over his erotic photography led to Outerbridge retiring as a commercial photographer and moving to Hollywood in 1943. Despite the controversy, Outerbridge continued to contribute photo stories to magazines and write his monthly column.
In 1945, he married fashion designer Lois Weir and worked in their joint fashion company, Lois-Paul Originals.
He died of lung cancer in 1958.
One year after his death, the Smithsonian Institution staged a one-man show of Outerbridge's photographs. Although his reputation has faded, revivals of Outerbridge's photography in the 1970s and 1990s periodically brought him into public awareness.
Books
Outerbridge, Paul. Photographing in Color. New York: Random House, 1940.
Paul Outerbridge: 1896-1958, Paul Outerbridge, Carol McCusker, Elaine Dines-Cox, M. F. Agha, and Manfred Heiting, Editor (1999),
Graham Howe, with co-curators Ewing, W. and Prodger, P. Paul Outerbridge: New Color Photographs from Mexico and California, 1948–1955. Nazraeli Press, 2009.
References
External links
International Center of Photography. . 1984.
Amon Carter Museum. . December 17, 1996.
J. Paul Getty Museum. Paul Outerbridge.
1896 births
1958 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer in California
20th-century American photographers
American portrait photographers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Outerbridge |
Gerson "Gus" Rosenberg is an American biomedical engineer. He is the Jane A. Fetter Professor of Surgery, professor of bioengineering, and chief of the Division of Applied Biomedical Engineering (previously known as the Division of Artificial Organs) at Penn State's Milton S. Hershey Medical Center and Penn State College of Medicine.
Background and education
Rosenberg was born on August 20, 1944, and raised in Chalfont, Pennsylvania. He studied mechanical engineering at Penn State University and received his Bachelor of Science, Master of Science, and Ph.D. degrees at the university. He began research on heart-assist pumps in 1970 as a graduate student at Penn State. His research led to a number of heart devices developed by the team that he now leads at Penn State. He was part of the team that designed the university's first heart-assist pump.
Circulatory support devices
Rosenberg's research and teaching have resulted in devices such as a Left Ventricular Assist device (LVAD) and electric total artificial heart. He was part of the original team that developed the current clinically available Pierce-Donachy left ventricular assist device marketed by Thoratec. He was the principal investigator on the development on the Penn State Electric Total Artificial Heart, currently under development by Abiomed, Inc. and is referred to as the AbioCor II device. In addition, Rosenberg led the team that developed the Arrow LionHeart, the world's first completely implantable left ventricular assist device that has been utilized in 30 patients. Devices currently in development include an implantable, wireless, heart assist pump, now in clinical trials, and a wireless total heart replacement, currently undergoing pre-clinical durability testing.
He is a member of the board of trustees of the American Society for Artificial Internal Organs and serves on the editorial board of its journal.
Recognition
In 2002 he was named “Engineer of the Year” by Design News Magazine.
He is a past president of the American Society for Artificial Internal Organs.
References
Rosenburg, Gus
Engineers from Pennsylvania
Penn State College of Engineering alumni
Living people
1944 births
People from Chalfont, Pennsylvania | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gus%20Rosenberg |
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