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Thorens is a formerly Swiss manufacturer of high-end audio equipment. Thorens is historically renowned for the range of phonographs (turntables) the manufacturer produces. In addition to audio playback equipment, Thorens is also a historical manufacturer of harmonicas and has been separately a producer of Swiss-made cigarette lighters, most notably the button actuated "automatic lighter".
History
In 1883, the Thorens family business was first registered in Sainte-Croix (Ste-Croix), Vaud, Switzerland by Hermann Thorens. An initial producer of musical boxes and clock movements (which they were still producing in the 1950s), as well a cigarette lighters, they started producing Edison-type phonographs in 1903.
In 1928, they produced their first electric (motor-drive) record player, and went on to produce a range of audiophile record players in the 1950s and 1960s which are, even today, regarded as high-end audio equipment, and are much sought-after, for example, the belt-driven and sub-chassis suspended TD 150 which was presented 1965. Its principle is also found in the Linn Sondek LP12. Its successor TD 160 appeared in 1972 and was built nearly without discontinuity for 20 years. With the TD 320 Thorens presented in 1984 changed the springs of the sub-chassis to laminated springs.
Although Thorens embarked on a cost-reduction effort in 1997, the company became insolvent in 1999. A new Suisse Thorens Export Company AG took over the assets and continued trading. The owner of the rights to the name was Heinz Rohrer.
From 1999 the less expensive TD 190/170, later the TD 190/170-1, without sub-chassis was offered, its design is similar to the more expensive Thorens-players.
First 2004 Thorens presented a mass drive player the TD 850.
2012 Thorens got the EISA Award "best product 2011 / 2012" for the TD 309, a sub-chassis player with a three-point-suspension and a turntable made of glass.
In May 2018 Gunter Kürten, who had been manager at Denon- and Elac, became CEO and relocated operations to Germany.
As of 2019, Thorens continues to produce well-regarded turntables for the playback of vinyl and 78rpm gramophone records.
Gallery of record players
See also
List of phonograph manufacturers
External links
Official website
The History of Thorens and free manuals to download
The Thorens 'Excelda' portable gramophone: 360° rotatable view of a machine held at the British Library
References
Phonograph manufacturers
Manufacturing companies established in 1883
Audio equipment manufacturers of Germany
Audio equipment manufacturers of Switzerland
Swiss brands | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thorens |
Dixebra is a rock band from Asturias, Spain.
Dixebra was founded in 1987 in the Asturian city of Avilés with the idea of creating a rock band that would use the Asturian language in their lyrics with the aim of creating music that reflects the multiple realities of the country. The word dixebra is an Asturian word meaning division, isolation, independence... It has been traditionally used in the political rhetoric of Asturian nationalism. The band has a unique style, based on rock but mixing influences from a variety of modern genres (punk, reggae, ska, hip hop, funk...) and Asturian folk music.
Members
Xune Elipe - vocals (1987-)
Javi Rodríguez - bass (1990-)
Primi Abella - electric guitar (1994-)
Agustín Lara - trumpet (2001-)
Eladio Díaz - sax (2001-)
Sergio Rodríguez - beats, samples, producer (2002-)
Jorge Cambareli - drums, percussion (2005-)
Llorián García - electric and traditional bagpipes (2008-)
Rubén Álvarez - electric guitar (2011-)
Discography
Grieska - FonoAstur, 1990
¿Asturies o trabayes? - L'Aguañaz, 1993
Apúntate a la llista - L'Aguañaz, 1995
Dieron en duru - L'Aguañaz, 1997
Glaya un país - L'Aguañaz, 2000
Sube la marea - L'Aguañaz, 2002
Cróniques d'un pueblu - L'Aguañaz, 2003 (book and compilation album)
Ensin novedá - L'Aguañaz, 2005
N'acción - L'Aguañaz, 2006 (live CD+DVD)
Amor incendiariu - L'Aguañaz, 2009
Tiempos modernos - L'Aguañaz, 2013
External links
Official website
Spanish musical groups
Asturian music | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dixebra |
The Košice Self-governing Region (, KSK) or the Košice Higher Territorial Unit (Slovak: Košický vyšší územný celok, KVÚC) is one of Slovakia's eight "self-governing regions" whose territory is identical with that of the administrative Košice Region.
The establishing session of the first Council of the Košice Self-governing Region was held on December 19, 2001, in the historical hall of former Župný dom (County House, today's East Slovak Gallery building) with the participation of 57 deputies elected in the first regional elections for the second level of self-government in Slovakia. Rudolf Bauer (a Christian democrat) was elected as the first president of the Košice Self-governing Region. His successor is Zdenko Trebuľa (a social democrat) elected for the president of the Košice Self-governing Region on December 10, 2005. He was inaugurated on January 9, 2006.
The seat of the Košice Self-governing Region is a former military headquarters building (generally known as The Division) on the eastern part of the Námestie Maratónu mieru (Peace Marathon Square) in Košice. It was completed in 1908 as the largest and the most modern building in the town at that time.
External links
Official website of the Košice Self-governing Region
Košice
Regions of Slovakia
Geography of Košice Region
Self-governance
ar:أقليم كوشيتسه | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ko%C5%A1ice%20Self-governing%20Region |
Ian Flanagan (born 15 January 1982) is a Welsh former professional tennis player.
Biography
Flanagan grew up in the village of Graianrhyd, and attended Ysgol Brynhyfryd between 1993 and 1997.
At the age of four, he attended a tennis fun-day with his brother. This sparked an interest that culminated in him, at the age of 15, being the top junior tennis player in the world and Youth Olympics gold medalist in 1996. Unfortunately, a severe bout of glandular fever between 1998 and 2000 threatened to end his promising career. However, despite his illness, and despite being the only senior British tennis player not funded by the LTA (something he is harshly critical of), Flanagan fought back.
In 2004, Flanagan staged a shock upset when he beat Mark Philippoussis 7–6, 7–6, in the opening round of the Stella Artois Championship at Queen's Club. Despite also beating the world no. 35, Victor Hănescu, in the second round of the tournament, before succumbing to Sébastien Grosjean in the last 16, Flanagan was denied a wildcard into Wimbledon. The victory raised his profile, and put him on a tennis players' special Weakest Link.
External links
References
1982 births
Living people
Welsh male tennis players
Sportspeople from Denbighshire
British male tennis players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ian%20Flanagan |
The Complete Picture: The Very Best of Deborah Harry and Blondie is a greatest hits album released on March 4, 1991, by Chrysalis Records. It contained all of Blondie's highest-charting singles such as "Heart of Glass", "Sunday Girl", "The Tide Is High", "Atomic", and "Call Me", as well as some of Deborah Harry's solo singles, including the UK top-10 single "French Kissin' in the USA".
Overview
The Complete Picture reached number three on the UK Album Chart, remaining on the chart for 25 weeks, and was certified gold by the British Phonographic Industry (BPI). The album was released as a double vinyl LP, containing five tracks on each side. However, for the compact disc format, all 20 tracks were released on one CD.
A video collection was also released. It omits "Sunday Girl" and "Rip Her to Shreds" since there are no official promo videos for them, though several tracks not present on the album were included such as Deborah Harry's "Backfired" and "Now I Know You Know" (from her 1981 album KooKoo), "Free to Fall" (from 1986's Rockbird), and Blondie's videos for "The Hardest Part" (1979) and "Detroit 442" (1978).
Track listing
CD
"Heart of Glass" (Faded The Best of Blondie Version) (Harry, Stein) - 3:58
Performed by: Blondie
"I Want That Man" (Bailey, Currie) - 3:41
Performed by: Deborah Harry
"Call Me" (Harry, Moroder) - 3:28
Performed by: Blondie
"Sunday Girl" (Stein) - 3:02
Performed by: Blondie
"French Kissin' in the USA" (Album Version) (Lorre) - 5:10
Performed by: Debbie Harry
"Denis" (Levenson) - 2:18
Performed by: Blondie
"Rapture" (The Best of Blondie Version) (Harry, Stein) - 5:33
Performed by: Blondie
"Brite Side" (Harry, Stein) - 4:34
Performed by: Deborah Harry
"(I'm Always Touched by Your) Presence, Dear" (Valentine) - 2:41
Performed by: Blondie
"Well Did You Evah!" (Porter) - 3:27
Performed by: Deborah Harry & Iggy Pop
"The Tide Is High" (Album Version) (Barrett, Evans, Holt) - 4:35
Performed by: Blondie
"In Love with Love" (Album Version) (Harry, Stein) - 4:30
Performed by: Debbie Harry
"Hanging on the Telephone" (Lee) - 2:22
Performed by: Blondie
"Island of Lost Souls" (7" Edit) (Harry, Stein) - 3:49
Performed by: Blondie
"Picture This" (Destri, Harry, Stein) - 2:56
Performed by: Blondie
"Dreaming" (Harry, Stein) - 3:03
Performed by: Blondie
"Sweet and Low" (Phil Harding Single Mix) (C., Harry) - 4:18
Performed by: Debbie Harry
"Union City Blue" (Harrison, Harry) - 3:20
Performed by: Blondie
"Atomic" (Album Version) (Destri, Harry) - 4:38
Performed by: Blondie
"Rip Her to Shreds" (Harry, Stein) - 3:19
Performed by: Blondie
VHS
"Heart of Glass" (Harry, Stein)
"I Want That Man" (Bailey, Currie)
"Denis" (Levenson)
"Call Me" (Harry, Moroder)
"French Kissin' in the USA" (Lorre)
"Hanging on the Telephone" (Lee)
"Sweet and Low" (C., Harry)
"The Tide Is High" (Barrett, Evans, Holt)
"In Love with Love" (Harry, Stein)
"(I'm Always Touched by Your) Presence, Dear" (Valentine)
"Brite Side" (Harry, Stein)
"Picture This" (Destri, Harry, Stein)
"Rapture" (Harry, Stein)
"Backfired" (Edwards, Rodgers)
"Now I Know You Know" (Edwards, Rodgers)
"Free to Fall" (Harry, Justman)
"The Hardest Part" (Harry, Stein)
"Detroit 442" (Destri, Stein)
"Atomic" (Destri, Harry)
"Union City Blue" (Harrison, Harry)
"Dreaming" (Harry, Stein)
"Island of Lost Souls" (Harry, Stein)
"Well Did You Evah!" (Porter)
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
References
1991 greatest hits albums
Blondie (band) compilation albums
Chrysalis Records compilation albums
Debbie Harry albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Complete%20Picture%3A%20The%20Very%20Best%20of%20Deborah%20Harry%20and%20Blondie |
Dodd may refer to:
Places
Dodd (Buttermere), a fell near Red Pike in England
Dodd (Lake District), a fell in Cumbria, England
Dodd, Indiana, a community in the United States
People
Dodd (surname), people with the surname Dodd
Other uses
Dodd (hill), a British hill categorisation
Dodd, Mead and Company, publishing company
Dodd Hall, a building at Florida State University
Dodd-Frank Street Reform and Consumer Protection Act (Pub.L. 111–203, H.R. 4173), commonly referred to as "Dodd–Frank", a U.S. federal government law passed as a response to the Great Recession
See also
DOD (disambiguation)
Dodds (disambiguation)
Doddy (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodd |
Matambre is the name of a very thin cut of beef in Argentina, Uruguay and also Paraguay. It is a rose colored muscle taken between the skin and the ribs of the steer, a sort of flank steak. It is not the cut known normally in the U.S. as flank steak. Some people refer to it as the "fly shaker", because it is the muscle used by the animal to twitch to repel flies and other flying insects.
Overview
The same word (or matambre arrollado or matambre relleno) is also used for a dish made of a matambre meat roll stuffed with vegetables, peppers, ham, hard-boiled eggs and herbs, then boiled or oven-roasted. It is served sliced—with the fillings making a colourful display—either hot or cold. It is often eaten with chimichurri sauce. It is a rather fatty meat and is usually eaten with vegetables. Pork matambre is also used.
The name matambre is formed from the combination of "matar" and "hambre" ("hunger killer").
Cut
Matambre is cut from the side of the cow, between the skin and the ribs. The scientific name for the muscle is cutaneous trunci. It is a thin rose colored muscle, also known in packing houses as "fly shaker" or "elephant ear". It is also known as the "twitch" muscle because the animal makes it twitch or tremble to repel flying insects like flies. It is very thin and lends itself for rolling up with different stuffings.
Argentine variations
In Argentina, the matambre is sometimes served as a steak, but this is not the typical serving method. The more common method is known as "matambre arrollado" (stuffed, or filled matambre). The ingredients for this dish vary from province to province, but most common include whole carrots, hard-boiled eggs, and plenty of black pepper. These ingredients are then rolled up inside of the matambre sheet and sewn or pinned together to keep the rolled matambre from coming unrolled. It is then boiled in milk, or sometimes water, and roasted in the oven. After it is removed from the oven and cooled, it is sliced into thin pieces of lunch meat and served in toasted French roll with mayonnaise, and sometimes Argentine chimichurri, as a condiment. In Uruguay, and to a lesser extent in Argentina, matambre is marinated in milk, baked flat in the oven, and covered with the marinade, with the addition of lightly beaten eggs and cheese at the end of the cooking period. It is called "matambre a la leche" (matambre in milk).
Another method of serving matambre is "matambre a la pizza" which is prepared in a similar way but instead of being rolled it is topped with pizza ingredients like tomato sauce and mozzarella.
See also
Argentine cuisine
Roulade
Farsu magru
List of stuffed dishes
References
Further reading
Argentine cuisine
Uruguayan cuisine
Beef dishes
Stuffed dishes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matambre |
Houmt Souk ( ), meaning literally: "The Market neighbourhood", is a commune and the main town of the island of Djerba, Tunisia. A popular tourist destination, it is best known for its traditional souk and the Aghlabid fortress.
It is located at approximately from Ajim and from El Kantara by the Roman road. It is also the chief town and a municipality with 75,904 inhabitants. The city's population is 44,555 inhabitants . The city developed on the old site of a Roman city called Gerba or Girba, and was the birthplace of two Roman Emperors, Trebonianus Gallus and his son Volusianus.
History
The city as it is today developed on the site of an ancient Roman city called Gerba or Girba, which shared its name with the island. Many besides the Romans lived there, including Numidians, Punics, Arabs, Spanish, and Turks; the town was also home to many merchants and pirates for many years. The Battle of Djerba took place in the northern part of the city. Close to the fort is a large village which served as a market; cattle and woolen cloth were traded there, as were dried grapes. Under the French protectorate (1881–1956) the island was divided into twelve sheikhates. French soldiers entered the town on 28 July 1881, and it remained a garrison until 1890, when its administration passed to civil French authority. In 1956, upon Tunisian independence, it became the capital of Djerba.
Geography
Houmt Souk is located on a plain on the northern coast of Djerba. There is an artesian well, called Bir Erroumi, 767 m deep, which was dug under French rule. The city is divided into several districts; the three major ones are Taourit, Boumellel and Hara El K' will bira, which in turn includes neighbourhoods such as Fatou, Thouirane, Houmet Eljouamaa and Binibandou. These three districts are located in the northern part of town. The climate of the city is moderate, with a semi-arid tendency, and receives a breeze from the sea in summer.
Architecture
Due to the density of the city center, its architectural character sometimes differs from that of the rest of the island. The typical menzel may especially be noticeably different; in addition, a new architectural style in which the courtyard is missing may be seen in some more modern houses. Dominant colors remain sharp white for masonry and sky blue for doors and windows. The city has several small streets connected by arcades, and there are a number of covered souks like that of Errbaâ, or the more recent Central Market.
Fondouks in town, dating back several centuries, often follow the same building style; a generally square courtyard with a group of stores may be found at ground level, along with a door with a heavy lock. This is sometimes joined by an attic window in the area were goods were stored. Animals, carts and equipment were sheltered in the yard. The first floor, reached by a single staircase, has a gallery supported by columns and arches; this is often the point of access for a number of rooms or storerooms. Many such buildings may still be seen in the downtown area, where they have been turned into hotels and youth hostels; some have even become tourist malls. The coastal area, formerly deserted, is becoming increasingly urbanized.
Religious buildings
As befits a Muslim country, mosques are numerous in the city, and their architecture varies greatly. Several are built in a style native to the island, among which is the Jemaâ El Ghorba (literally mosque from abroad) of the Maliki rite. The Jemaâ Ettrouk (mosque of the Turks), of the Hanafi rite, dates back to the 18th century and is equipped with a minaret typical of Ottoman style. There is also the Sidi Brahim El Jemni, built in 1674, with a roof with multiple vaults and a zaouia containing the tomb of a saint. These three mosques are classified as historic buildings. Sidi Bouakkazine, located near the public library, is built of centuries-old green tiles, and also houses a zaouia with a saint's tomb. Called Lella Gmira, this is visited most often by women suffering from infertility; they wash and light a candle there in the hope of gaining a blessing, and perhaps giving birth.
A little further out of town, on the road to Ajim, may be seen the Sidi Bouzid of the Ibadi rite. Sidi Salem and Sidi Youssef are located on the new speedway to the airport, and the Jemaâ Ejdid may be seen on the road to Mellita. Jamaâ Echeikh, Jemaâ El Bassi and Jemaâ El Guellal are in the same neighborhood in the south-east of Houmt Souk.
Legends surround a number of the town's mosques. Sidi Zitouni, located not far from Jamaâ Ettrouk and which houses another saint's tomb as well as the Museum of Arts and Popular Traditions, is one of them. According to lore, the mosque is inhabited by djinns that appear only in the early evening. Consequently, Djerbians will leave the mosque only at sunset. Another story concerns Jemaâ El Guellal: supposedly a potter in the eighteenth century put his pots, which had taken months to craft, on a cart to be taken to market. While on the road the cart overturned, dropping its contents to the ground. The potter nevertheless decided to save what he could, discovering with great astonishment that all his wares were intact. Upon selling them, and seeing divine intervention in the episode, he chose to build a mosque at the site of the accident.
Jamâa Tajdid, whose construction was begun in the nineteenth century and entrusted to Abou Messeouar, is on the road to Midoun. Messeouar completed the work with the help of his son.
There are several small synagogues in Hara El K'bira and Hara Sghira districts, the latter being a community of around 100 Jews. In addition, a Catholic church may be found in the center of town, and a Greek Orthodox structure is located near the port, by the hotel Lottos, one of the island's first hotels.
Borj El K'bir Fort
The Borj El K'bir is a castle and fort that was constructed on the waterfront in 1432 under Sultan Abû Fâris `Abd Al `Azîz Al-Mutawakkil. It is also known as Borj El Ghazi Mustapha because it was added to significantly between 1560 and 1567, during the reign of the Ottoman Sultan Suleiman the Magnificent. A commemorative statue in marble, originally sealed in one of the fort's interior walls, is now on display at the Bardo National Museum in Tunis. Excavations have been made within the structure, revealing much of its history; some of the artifacts discovered are now on display inside one of the rooms of the fort. From the top of the walls may be had a panoramic view over the port; also visible from this location is the nine-meter-high obelisk which indicates the site of Borj-er-Rous, the Tower of Skulls, built using the bones of Dragut's enemies executed after his victory, in July 1560, against a coalition made up of soldiers from Spain, Naples, Sicily, Lombardy, Germany, France, and the Knights of Malta. The tower was conical in shape, 34 feet in diameter at its base. It was removed in 1848 under orders from the capital. Today the bones are buried in the Christian cemetery of the city. The obelisk which replaced the tower was constructed under the rule of France.
Just opposite the fort, behind the old city hospital, there exists a cistern, dating back to Roman times, which is used for the collection of rainwater.
Other buildings of note
Among the other characteristic buildings, one can quote the fondouks, lodging warehouses for the goods. The cupola of the combatants (Goubbat El Moujahdine), near Jemaâ Ettrouk, is a small square construction, with wrought iron, which shelters three tombs that of venerated inhabitants of Houmt Souk and is regarded as a zaouïa. There is the Hammam El Barouni, a Turkish bath which goes back to several centuries and which, renovated on several occasions, continues to be used. Old bakeries, workshops of weaving (of which the architecture is particular in Djerba) with their half-vaults and their triangular pediment of Greek style and the old wells (with their large wings) which were useful for the irrigation of the fields of barley, of sorghum and pulses also have a typical architecture. The Errbaâ souk, market hall formed in a labyrinth with the roofs in semi-vaults, gathered the craftsmen tailors, shoe-makers, jewellers. Its doors closed at the falling night and much of stores remained closed on Saturdays taking into account the high number of Jewish tradesmen and craftsmen who had their graves there. The market is currently very popular with tourists.
A large theatre in the open air, built in 2004 between the zone of the port and Borj El K' to bir, shelters the great cultural events including those of the annual festival of Ulysses. Houmt Souk counts several schools as well primary as secondary (of which several colleges and colleges) but also a post office (in a characteristic building going back to French protectorate), several banks, a public hospital and several private clinics, several pharmacies, a tourist bureau and a trade unions initiative. There is also several small hotels built under the French protectorate.
Demographics
Houmt Souk is the most populated city of Djerba; it only shelters with it more of the third of the population of the island. Houmt Souk and its neighbourhoods have a very high density: it was already of 474 inhabitants per km² in 1956 whereas the average of the island was of 127 inhabitants per km² and that of the remainder of Tunisia of 27 inhabitants per km². Maltese, Muslims, Italians, French, Arab-Berber, Greeks, Jews and Christians (Catholic and Greek Orthodox) have lived a long time side by side in Houmt Souk. From the 1950s a migratory movement primarily turned towards France reduced the population considerably; European and Jewish inhabitants of Houmt Souk. Several thousand Jews were concentrated in Hara El K' will bira, a district formerly exclusively Jewish and where the density remains very high. This district saw many Muslim families coming from the south of Tunisia after the departure of Jewish families, and this especially after independence. One of the districts of Houmt Souk, called Houmet Ejjoumaâ, is inhabited in majority by families coming from Beni Khedache. These families have brought different traditions, including celebration of religious holidays. The Muslim population of Houmt El Souk is mostly Maliki Sunni.
Culture
The coexistence of various ethnicities (in particular Sephardi Jews and black African) and of various religious beliefs contributed to the richness and the variety of the cultures and traditions of this locality. The island of Djerba is a true mosaic of cultures and traditions and even the accent of its inhabitants varies from one locality to another, thus the Houmt Souk accent is different from the other localities.
Museums
Houmt Souk contains a museum of arts which presents a panorama of Djerba history. Installed in an old a zaouïa built at the end of the 18th century to honour of Sidi Zitouni and Sidi Ameur, not far from the "Mosque from Abroad", it is possible to discover the folklore of the island, its traditions and its economy from jewels and colored glass, pottery, weaving looms, and the traditional costumes of various social groups, kitchen utensils, one workshop of pottery, and jars which were used to preserve foodstuffs such as barley, sorghum, olive oil or dried meat. These earthenware jars bear different names ( sefri, khabia' ' , tass' ' or zir) and their opening depends on the intended products to be preserved there.
Clothes
The inhabitants of Djerba, in particular the women, wear traditional costumes which may also differ between locality. The women of Houmt Souk do not normally wear a hat contrary to the woman of Guellala, for whom the traditional hat is an important accessory. The woman of Houmt Souk typically drape themselves in a white dress, without embroidery. However, the veil often has different names and colors in other localities of island: and may be navy blue with small squares with Guellala or Midoun or embroidered white of red and yellow with Mahboubine or Mellita; and named fouta or hrem. The Jews of Houmt Souk, both male and female wear traditional clothes similar to those of the Muslim inhabitants but who can however be distinguished by a black band at the bottom of the trousers, known as a seroual arbi. With the interior, the woman of Houmt Souk typically wear a houli, multicoloured, made out of cotton or natural silk and increasingly in modern society out of synthetic fibre. Under this may be embroidered sleeves called hassara or khabbaia. The clothing of the men in Houmt Souk also differs from that of the Djerbiens of the other localities of the island.
Traditions
Much of the practices and the cultural traditions of the city are also different from those of the other localities. These include ceremonies of marriage, circumcision, religious holidays, etc. Traditionally, in new year the children of Houmt Souk went from house in house and sang typical songs (like ' ' khachia, khachiiti, waatini khachiiti... ' '), sometimes disguised as characters called Guerdellif and Aljia, which played a spectacle of song and dance and received gifts of money, dried fruits or confectionary. During the three days of Aïd el-Fitr, also called Arfa Kaddhabia, Arfa Es or Arfa will el-Kebira, the children enjoy a greater freedom: and typically receive gifts of money from their parents and visit the market, often in groups to buy toys, and items for the house particularly for the kitchen. During the new year the families of Houmt Souk still nowadays send to their married daughters a large meal, often dried meat (' ' kaddid' ') sheep or calf killed at the time of the festival, with hard boiled eggs, chick peas and broad beans. The woman who receives such a dish offers in return a gift of money for the giver.
Economy
Tourism brought a certain prosperity to the local population. The city counts a multitude of restaurants and souvenir shops which attract a varied crowd daily, with tourists coming mostly from Europe. The Houmt Souk economy rests primarily on the trade of the markets. Houmt Souk is famous for its souk markets which attracts the inhabitants of the neighbouring areas as well as tourists. There are several specialised markets that existing catering for cattle, fish, fruit and vegetables, herbs and spices, goldsmiths, antique dealers, ironmongers, etc. On the island each important locality has its own market day such as, for example, Friday for Midoun or Sunday for Guellala whereas Houmt Souk has two of them: Monday and Thursday.
The Tunisian Craft industry employees many craftsman. If the artisanal activities are varied in the city, those related to wool are perhaps the most popular. One of the survivors of the Battles of Djerba said in 1560, according to a book reproduced by Charles Monchicourt “the inhabitants weave with fine wool of very beautiful baracans (covers) out of thin fabric, and decorate silk longer than an ordinary carpet”.
Weaving, performed on the island for over 1,000 years grew during the 19th century which turned it into one of the principal textile centres for wool in North Africa, and remains, in spite of the competition of textile industries an important activity in Houmt Souk The wool industry employs a larger number of families and the activities range from washing in sea water, washing in the sun, then come carding, spinning, dyeing and then weaving followed by marketing. It is an important source of revenue as well for women although carding and the spinning mill of wool are traditionally female activities and dyeing, weaving and marketing traditionally carried out by the men. The manufacture of carpet with embroidery is traditionally a female activity which developed considerably with the rise of tourism. The jewellery, formerly practised exclusively by the Jewish craftsmen (specialised especially in partitioned jewels encrusted with hard stones of various colours) is currently practised by young Muslim craftsmen. The work of leather, and in particular the shoe manufacture and the manufacture of bags in camel skins, as well as the basket making also developed with the new market offered by tourism.
Houmt Souk has one port, primarily oriented towards fishing. There are great quantities of terra cotta jars which are used for the fishing with octopus, a delicacy of Houmt Souk. The supply of engines and ensuring the traffic of the heavy goods and passengers between Tunis and Sfax is also performed at the port.
In 1964, Houmt Souk counted 297 boats and 746 "marins". The fish caught is sold fresh but certain species such as a small fish called ouzaf play a big role in the local cuisine. A fish cannery was built with the port to preserve the fish. In addition to fishing, the port is used nowadays for excursions towards the island of which is used as a refuge for migratory birds; in particular for pink flamingos as well as dolphins which can sometimes be observed off the city coastline. One of the traditions of Houmt Souk is the sale of fish through bidding and the shouting by the town crier. The fishermen thread fish fished in chains, and deliver them to the town crier after having been informed of the minimum price. The town crier, seated on a high chair, conducts the auction.
Due to the islands strong dependency on tourism, it experienced difficulties following the 2015 Sousse attacks, which saw tourism to the island, and Tunisia as a whole, plummet. Although tourism to Tunisian resorts had since recovered, the island too has been affected by the 2019-2020 COVID-19 pandemic which again has badly impacted the tourism industry.
References
External links
Official site for Houmt Souk
Lexicorient
Populated places in Tunisia
Populated coastal places in Tunisia
Communes of Tunisia
Djerba | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Houmt%20El%20Souk |
Amateur theatre, also known as amateur dramatics, is theatre performed by amateur actors and singers. Amateur theatre groups may stage plays, revues, musicals, light opera, pantomime or variety shows, and do so for the social activity as well as for aesthetic values. Productions may take place in venues ranging from the open air, community centres, or schools to independent or major professional theatres.
Amateur theatre is distinct from the professional or community theatre because performers are usually not paid. Amateur actors are not typically members of actors' unions.
Definition
Opinions vary on how to define "amateur" in relation to theatre. Technically speaking, an "amateur" is anyone who does not accept, or is not offered, money for their services. One interpretation of this is: "One lacking the skill of a professional, as in an art". Another is: "A person who engages in an art, science, study, or athletic activity as a pastime rather than as a profession".
An amateur actor is unlikely to be a member of an actors' union as most countries' trades unions have strict policies in place. In the United States, the Actors' Equity Association serves a similar purpose: to protect the professional industry and its artists.
While the majority of professional stage performers have developed their skills and studied their craft at recognised training institutions such as the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art (London), Juilliard School (New York) or National Institute of Dramatic Art (Sydney), amateurs are not usually professionally trained.
Amateur theatre (amateur dramatics) can be defined as "theatre performances in which the people involved are not paid but take part for their own enjoyment". Locally organised theatrical events provide a source of entertainment for the community, and can be a fun and exciting hobby, with strong bonds of friendship formed through participation. Many amateur theatre groups reject the "amateur" label and its negative association with "amateurish", preferring to style themselves "dramatic societies", "theatre groups" or just "players".
Scottish theatre-maker and writer Andrew Mckinnon in 2006 observed that the word 'amateur' has a negative connotation. Many amateur groups are therefore re-branding themselves as 'community' groups.
Relationship to professional theatre
François Cellier and Cunningham Bridgeman wrote, in 1914, that prior to the late 19th century, amateur actors were treated with contempt by professionals. After the formation of amateur Gilbert and Sullivan companies licensed to perform the Savoy operas, professionals recognised that the amateur societies "support the culture of music and the drama. They are now accepted as useful training schools for the legitimate stage, and from the volunteer ranks have sprung many present-day favourites." Amateurs continue to argue that they perform a community service, while even in the 1960s, there was still, "particularly in professional quarters, a deep-rooted suspicion that amateur theatre is really an institution that exists in order to give significance to 'amateur dramatics' a frivolous kind of amusement with no pretention to art" or "as a base for starring the most popular and politically astute members" Nevertheless, many professional actors established their craft on the amateur stage.
After 1988, in the UK, membership in the actors' Equity union can no longer be made compulsory, and professional performers may perform with any amateur company. Some amateur companies engage professional directors. These changes are blurring the distinction between amateur and professional theatre. Amateur theatre is sometimes referred to in the UK as "non-commercial theatre". In recent times the distinction between 'amateur' and 'professional' has been blurred further, with professional companies encouraging community involvement in their productions through using local amateur companies. An example of this is the Royal Shakespeare Company's 2016 tour of A Midsummer Night's Dream: A Play for the Nation: in each of the 14 cities visited by the touring show, the company recruited local members of amateur companies to play the parts of Nick Bottom and the other Mechanicals.
In the United Kingdom
People throughout Great Britain participate in amateur theatre as performers, crew or audience members and many children first experience live theatre during local amateur performances of the annual Christmas pantomime. Amateur theatre can sometimes be a springboard for the development of new performing talent with a number of professional actors having their first stage experiences in amateur theatre such as Liam Neeson (Slemish Players in Ballymena), Jamie Dornan (Holywood Players in Ballymoney), James Nesbitt (Ulster Youth Theatre) and Nathan Wright (in Dudley).
A survey carried in 2002 by the major UK umbrella organisation for amateur theatre, National Operatic and Dramatic Association ("NODA"), noted that "Public support in the UK for amateur theatre is patchy", but found that the annual turnover of affiliated groups was £34 million from 25,760 performances with 437,800 participants, 29% of whom were under 21; attendances were 7,315,840.
An earlier, limited survey in England in 1991 revealed that only 19% of amateur drama groups were affiliated to a national "umbrella" organisation, suggesting that NODA's later survey may not reflect the true level of grass roots community involvement with amateur theatre.
In 2012 there were more than 2,500 amateur theatre groups putting on around 30,000 productions a year.
Umbrella organisations
Of the major bodies representing amateur theatre nationally, the National Operatic and Dramatic Association ("NODA") was founded in 1899 and in 2005 reported a membership of over 2,400 amateur theatre companies and 3,000 individuals staging musicals, operas, plays, concerts and pantomimes in venues ranging from professional theatres to village halls.
The Little Theatre Guild of Great Britain ("LTG") represents over 100 independent amateur theatres with auditoria from 64 to 450 seats, while the National Drama Festivals Association ("NDFA") caters for some 500 groups participating in around 100 local drama festivals. (See "Major Festivals" below)
There are regional bodies throughout the UK.
England
The All-England Theatre Festival ("AETF") caters for amateur theatre groups which participate in local drama festivals, and is also concerned with a similar number of festivals of one-act and full-length plays, involving a similar number of theatre companies. The AETF hold All-England Finals, the winners of which go forward to represent England at the National Festival of Community Theatre along with representatives from Northern Ireland, Scotland and Wales. Please see "Major Festivals" below.
As of January 2005, the Arts Council England was not providing any funding towards infrastructure organisations for amateur and community theatre, other than youth theatre through its support for the National Association of Youth Theatre. Other associations include Avon Association of Drama, Woking Drama Association, Somerset Fellowship of Drama, Spalding Amateur Dramatic And Operatic Society and the Greater Manchester Drama Federation ("GMDF") which holds annual festivals with 60+ active members.
Scotland
The Scottish Community Drama Association ("SCDA"), founded in 1926, works to promote all aspects of community drama in Scotland. SCDA received funding of £50,000 from the Scottish Arts Council in 2004-05.
Wales
The Drama Association of Wales ("DAW"), founded in 1934, exists to increase opportunities for people in the community to be creatively involved in drama. This is supported through the provision of training, new writing initiatives and access to an extensive specialist lending library containing plays, playsets and technical theatre books.
Northern Ireland
The Association of Ulster Drama Festivals ("AUDF") and is made up of three representatives from each member festival, as well as the Churches Drama League and Young Farmer Clubs. Founded in 1949 it aims "to foster and encourage amateur drama through the holding of Festivals of Drama, the fostering of relations and co-operation between Ulster Drama Festivals, and the fostering of relations with similar organisations in Northern Ireland and other regions ..."
Major festivals
There are many local festivals of amateur theatre within the UK and two major national and one international festival:
National Festival of Community Theatre – run by the four regional associations
British 'All Winners' Festival run by the National Drama Festivals Association
International Gilbert and Sullivan Festival – an adjudicated competition in Buxton
Competitions
There a number of UK wide competitions that are organised by different bodies:
The Little Theatre Guild of Great Britain (LTG) - Playwriting competition, run every two to three years.
The National Drama Festivals Association (NDFA) - two playwriting competitions with a certificate and cash prize -
George Taylor Memorial Award (1979) in memory of the founder of Amateur Stage, funded jointly by Amateur Stage and NDFA.
Nan Nuttall Memorial Award (1994) to stimulate new writing for Youth Groups and encourage participation in Drama Festivals (in memory of a Secretary of Manchester & District Drama Federation.
The Scottish Community Drama Association (SCDA) - "Play on Words" competition, Britain’s largest for new short plays, with three best entries winning support from professional writers.
The Amateur Musical Theatre Challenge (2009) - to bring together amateur theatre groups from Scotland.
Drama Association of Wales/Cymdeithas Ddrama Cymru (DAW) - Playwriting competition for one-act plays in Welsh or English and with a running time of 20 to 50 minutes. It is an annual event and attracts 250 entries from all over the world. In some years, entries are invited under a specific theme.
National Festival of Community Theatre - The Geoffrey Whitworth Trophy (founder of the British Drama League) for "the best original unpublished play receiving its première in the first round of the National Festival of Community Theatre anywhere in the UK".
In the United States
In the United States, amateur theatre is generally known as community theatre. In 2009 there were 923 member organizations of the American Association of Community Theatre. Membership in this organisation is voluntary, making the actual number of community theatre organisations in the USA uncertain.
While the performers in community theatre are typically non-professional, there is a provision of the Actors' Equity Association which allows up to two paid professional actors to appear as guest performers in a community theatre production.
Community theatre organisations are eligible for non-profit status under article 501(c) of the United States Internal Revenue Code.
Umbrella organisations
The American Association of Community Theatre is the major umbrella association for community theatre in the United States. According to their website: "AACT is a nonprofit corporation that serves both individuals and organizations by providing expertise, assistance and support so that community theatres can provide the best possible theatrical experience for participants and audience alike." Among other activities the AACT sponsors a national theatre festival in odd-numbered years.
In Australia
The Independent Theatre Association is the peak body for amateur or Community drama in Western Australia. Australian amateur theatre is dependent on volunteer effort and very few amateur theatres pay salaries, although some employ cleaners. Amateur acting experience is highly sought as an entry point for aspiring professionals. The annual Finley awards celebrate the achievements of theatres in several categories.
A Workers' Education Dramatic Society and student counterpart was active in Brisbane between 1930 and 1962.
See also: List of amateur theatres in Australia.
In New Zealand
There are many amateur theatre societies in New Zealand where it is often referred to as community theatre. The umbrella organization is called Theatre New Zealand (formally the New Zealand Theatre Federation) and was formed in 1970 out of a merger of the New Zealand branch of the British Drama League (established in 1932) and the New Zealand Drama Council (established in 1945).
See also
National Operatic and Dramatic Association
Community theatre
Actor
Drama
Theatre
References
Further reading
Keith Arrowsmith, The Methuen Amateur Theatre Handbook. Methuen Drama, 2002.
External links
Amateur Theatre Directory
Amateur Stage Magazine | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amateur%20theatre |
ARY News () is a Pakistani news channel launched on 26 September 2004 with the name "ARY One", the channel was later renamed to "ARY One World" until May 2009 when it was rebranded as "ARY News". A bilingual news channel in English and Urdu, it is a part of the ARY Digital Network, which is a subsidiary of ARY Group. ARY is an acronym of Abdul Razzak Yaqoob, who was the owner of ARY Group. ARY News is biggest and most watched news channel in Pakistan and all around the world. ARY head office located in Karachi, Pakistan.
Sister channels
ARY Digital - general entertainment channel
ARY Musik - music channel
ARY Qtv - religious channel
ARY Zindagi - general entertainment channel
A Sports - sports channel
ARY Nick - kids channels
Upcoming Ary Digital Channels
ARY Masala - recipe Channels
Popular programs
Bouncer
Criminals Most Wanted (Sunday 7:00 PM)
Sar e Aam (Saturday 7:00 PM)
Off The Record (Monday to Thursday 8:00 PM)
Sawal Yeh Hai (Friday To Sunday 8:00 PM)
11th Hour (Monday To Thursday 11 PM)
Hoshyarian (Friday To Sunday 11:03 PM)
Bakhabar Savera (Monday to Friday 9-10 AM)
Aiteraz Hai (Friday To Sunday 8-9 PM)
Jahan Bean
The Reporters (Monday to Friday 7-8 PM)
Zimmedar Kaun (Sunday 5-6 PM)
Khabar With Meher Bukhari (Mon-Thur 10:03pm)
Special program
Eid Studio
Har Lamha Purjosh (cricket special)
Former shows
Agar
Ab Tak
Andar Ki Baat
Anjaam
Jurm Bolta Hai
Khabar Say Khabar Tak
Hamare Mehmaan
Jugnu Ki Roshni
Late Edition
The Morning Show
Umar Sharif Showman
Power Play
International availability
ARY News is available in the United States via Dish Network.
ARY News is available in the United Kingdom as ‘New Vision TV (ARY World)’ on Sky channel 736.
See also
List of news channels in Pakistan
References
External links
https://www.arynews.tv (official site)
https://tv.gofibby.com/?p=359 (external site)
ARY Digital
24-hour television news channels in Pakistan
Television channels and stations established in 2004
2004 establishments in Pakistan
Urdu-language mass media
Television stations in Pakistan
Television stations in Karachi | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARY%20News |
Rebel Angels: 25 Poets of the New Formalism is an anthology of poets edited by Mark Jarman and David Mason, published by Story Line Press in 1996. The stated objective of this anthology was to showcase American poetry in traditional verse by poets born since 1940.
The 25 poets represented are: Elizabeth Alexander, Julia Alvarez, Bruce Bawer, Rafael Campo, Thomas M. Disch, Frederick Feirstein, Dana Gioia, Emily Grosholz, R. S. Gwynn, Marilyn Hacker, Rachel Hadas, Andrew Hudgins, Paul Lake, Sydney Lea, Brad Leithauser, Phillis Levin, Charles Martin, Marilyn Nelson, Molly Peacock, Wyatt Prunty, Mary Jo Salter, Timothy Steele, Frederick Turner, Rachel Wetzsteon, and Greg Williamson.
Reviews
John Lucas, "The Tame and the Just?", Darkhorse, Summer 1997
Keith Maillard, "Review", Antogonish Review 109
References
1996 poetry books
American poetry anthologies | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rebel%20Angels%3A%2025%20Poets%20of%20the%20New%20Formalism |
The EU Institute of International Law is a graduate school in Berlin primarily engaged in education on broader issues of European Union law and policy. It described itself as a think tank.
The EU Institute focuses on topical issues in international commercial law, and European law. The European Union is a major trading partner of the United States and Asia, and as the enlargement process of the EU continues a sound understanding of the many legal and policy questions that arise is imperative for any lawyer interested in international law.
Schools
The EU Institute holds annual short courses: a summer school The schools bring together scholars, members of governments, judges, policy makers, and students from around the world. Eschewing conventional lecture-type formats, the emphasis is on achieving an in-depth understanding of select issues through discussions and seminars.
In addition to the academic program, the courses aim to develop cultural awareness, knowledge about Germany and the European Union, and offer a holiday retreat.
Universities and colleges in Berlin | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/EU%20Institute%20of%20International%20Law |
The Cathedral of St Mary and St Helen is a Roman Catholic cathedral in Brentwood, Essex, England. It is the seat of the Diocese of Brentwood.
History
Brentwood Cathedral began in 1861 as a parish church built in a Gothic style. This relatively small building was raised to cathedral status in 1917. Between 1989 and 1991 the church was enlarged in an Italianate classical style by the Driehaus Prize winner Quinlan Terry. The original church building on the south (liturgical east) side was retained.
The new Brentwood Cathedral was dedicated by Cardinal Basil Hume on 31 May 1991. The donors chose to remain anonymous and the money was given solely for this purpose.
In 2022 the cathedral was listed at Grade II*.
Architecture
The architect Quinlan Terry took his inspiration from the early Italian Renaissance crossed with the English Baroque of Christopher Wren. This, it was felt, would be appropriate for the town and its conservation area, but above all it would provide the right space and light for the liturgy to be celebrated. The cathedral was designed along a square plan, focussed on the high altar, placed in the nave to accommodate the changes in liturgical fashion after the Second Vatican Council.
Work began in 1989 and was completed two years later. The north elevation consists of nine bays each divided by Doric pilasters. This is broken by a huge half-circular portico, which was inspired by a similar one at St Paul's. The handmade traditional Smeed Dean brick of the clerestory leads up to the octagonal lantern, or cupola, the high point both of the outside and inside.
A conscious decision was taken to retain part of the Gothic Revival church of 1861 alongside the new classical cathedral. The east elevation juxtaposes the old and the new, linking them through the scale of the 1991 building and the use of ragstone and Welsh slate roof tiles.
All the classical architectural orders are represented in the interior: the four giant Doric pilasters, the Tuscan arcade of arches, the Ionic pilasters of the Palladian windows in the east and west aisles, the Corinthian and Composite influences evident on the cathedral and the organ case.
While the interior of the cathedral has a deliberately "restrained" feeling to it, richness is to be found in the ceiling. The Roman key pattern and the double guilloche pattern, picked out in gold leaf, are dominant here. All the round-headed windows are in the style of Wren, with clear leaded lights of hand-made glass.
With clear windows on all four sides, the cathedral is flooded with light at any time of the day. This and the white walls and stone floor combine to give a translucent effect which uplifts the spirit and conveys its own sense of the presence of God. The cathedral is lit by brass English Classical chandeliers (one of which was formerly in the church at Epping) and, above the cornice, concealed lighting.
The processional cross is a copy of a medieval design. The figure represents a transitional period in the theology of design where Christ still wears the crown of the Risen Lord, but the corpus is that of the crucified Saviour. The Bishop's chair or cathedra is a tangible sign of his presiding over the diocese. It was made in Pisa, in Nabrassina stone, and has steps of Portland stone. In the centre is the coat of arms of the diocese. The base of the seat is inlaid with slate, to match the floor.
Consecration crosses are incised into the stone of the Doric pilasters that hold up the clerestory. They were anointed like the altar, as a sign that the whole building is dedicated to God. On the feast of the Dedication the candles in front of the gilded crosses are lit. In the east aisle, there are two rooms set aside to celebrate the Sacrament of Reconciliation or Confession. Opposite them is a crucifix, formerly in the church at Stock, Essex.
Around the arcade are terracotta roundels representing the fifteen Stations of the Cross. These were modelled by Raphael Maklouf, the well-known sculptor, who was responsible for the Queen's head on Commonwealth coinage from 1985 to 1997. Their milky glaze perfectly complements the subtlety and intimacy with which the familiar scenes have been expressed.
Music
The music in the cathedral and diocese is overseen by Brentwood Cathedral Music. The Master of Music of Brentwood Cathedral is Andrew Wright, former Assistant Master of Music at Westminster Cathedral. He was appointed in 1982 and is also Director of Diocesan Music. He founded the cathedral choir in 1984, and over the years the choir has expanded from the original boys' choir of some thirty voices to its present membership, which includes the choir ladies and gentlemen together with the cathedral lay clerks. The cathedral also has over ten boy choristers and over twenty girl choristers which the assistant music director, Art Wangcharoensab, directs and runs.
For several years a number of recordings and broadcasts on BBC Radio have been made and tours undertaken in Austria, Belgium, France, Germany, the Netherlands and Ireland.
The Choir is affiliated to the RSCM and has musical and ecumenical links with the Diocese of Chelmsford and Chelmsford Cathedral Choir, involving liturgical events and also shared training through the Bishops' Chorister Award.
The organ came from the redundant Anglican church of St Mary-at-the-Wall in Colchester, as a gift from the Diocese of Chelmsford. Dating from 1889 by Hunter and rebuilt in 1931, it was completely rebuilt and restored by Percy Daniel & Co Ltd. of Clevedon.
See also
Bishop of Brentwood
Bishop Thomas McMahon
Bishop George Andrew Beck
Quinlan Terry
References
External links
Brentwood Cathedral
Brentwood Cathedral Music
Herald AV Publications – HAVPCD300: Great Sacred Music of Paris
Brentwood Catholic Diocese – Covering Essex and East London, UK
Brentwood Cathedral Music
Brentwood
Churches in Brentwood (Essex town)
Roman Catholic churches in Essex
Roman Catholic Diocese of Brentwood
New Classical architecture
Buildings by Quinlan Terry
Grade II* listed cathedrals
Grade II* listed churches in Essex | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brentwood%20Cathedral |
Metarhizium robertsii formerly known as M. anisopliae, and even earlier as Entomophthora anisopliae (basionym) is a fungus that grows naturally in soils throughout the world and causes disease in various insects by acting as a parasitoid. Ilya I. Mechnikov named it after the insect species from which it was originally isolated – the beetle Anisoplia austriaca. It is a mitosporic fungus with asexual reproduction, which was formerly classified in the form class Hyphomycetes of the phylum Deuteromycota (also often called fungi imperfecti).
Many isolates have long been recognised to be specific, and they were assigned variety status, but they have now been assigned as new Metarhizium species, such as M. robertsii, M. majus and M. acridum (which was M. anisopliae var. acridum and included the isolates used for locust control). Metarhizium taii was placed in M. anisopliae var. anisopliae, but has now been described as a synonym of M. guizhouense (see Metarhizium). The commercially important isolate M.a. 43 (or F52, Met52, etc.), which infects Coleoptera and other insect orders has now been assigned to Metarhizium brunneum. M. anisopliae has since been renamed M. robertsii, renamed in honor of Donald W. Roberts, who did his Ph.D. on this species, and has continued to work with it prolifically as a research professor ever since.
Biology
The disease caused by the fungus is sometimes called green muscardine disease because of the green colour of its spores. When these mitotic (asexual) spores (called conidia) of the fungus come into contact with the body of an insect host, they germinate and the hyphae that emerge penetrate the cuticle. The fungus then develops inside the body, eventually killing the insect after a few days; this lethal effect is very likely aided by the production of insecticidal cyclic peptides (destruxins). The cuticle of the cadaver often becomes red. If the ambient humidity is high enough, a white mould then grows on the cadaver that soon turns green as spores are produced. Most insects living near the soil have evolved natural defenses against entomopathogenic fungi like M. robertsii. This fungus is, therefore, locked in an evolutionary battle to overcome these defenses, which has led to a large number of isolates (or strains) that are adapted to certain groups of insects.
Economic importance
The previously described range of entomopathogenic fungus isolates known as M. anisopliae, before 2009, had been observed to infect over 200 insect pest species. M. robertsii and its related species are used as biological insecticides to control a number of pests such as termites, thrips, etc. and its use in the control of malaria-transmitting mosquitoes is under investigation. M. robertsii does not appear to infect humans but has been reported as a significant pathogen of reptiles. The microscopic spores are typically sprayed on affected areas. A possible technique for malaria control is to coat mosquito nets or cotton sheets attached to the wall with them.
In August 2007, a team of scientists at the Indian Institute of Chemical Technology discovered a more efficient way of producing biodiesel which uses lipase, an enzyme produced in significant quantities by M. robertsii, as opposed to other reactions which use enzymes that require heat to become active; the reaction that uses lipase runs at room temperature. The fungus is now a candidate for mass production of the enzyme.
A simplified method of microencapsulation has been demonstrated to increase the shelf-life of M. robertsii spores commercialised for biological control of pest insects, potentially increasing its efficiency against red imported fire ants.
M. Robertsii has been shown to break down very toxic mercury into less toxic forms of mercury. The fungus has been genetically engineered to improve its ability to perform this task.
Important isolates
The ex-neotype isolate of M. robertsii is IMI 168777ii = ARSEF 7487 (also CSIRO FI-1029) from Schistocerca gregaria in Eritrea
A.C. Rath's isolate F506 (= ARSEF 4556; DAT 506; IMI 384583) from Boophilus sp. (Acari: Ixodidae) in USA (Florida)
M. robertsii isolated from Dermolepida albohirtum (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) include: CSIRO FI-1358 (= ARSEF 7493) and FI 1045 which is the active ingredient of 'Biocane'.
See also
Beauveria bassiana, the fungus that causes white muscardine disease in various insects
LUBILOSA
References
External links
Index Fungorum record, links to a list of synonyms
Fungi Make Biodiesel Efficiently at Room Temperature
Clavicipitaceae
Parasitic fungi
Fungi described in 1879 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Metarhizium%20robertsii |
Sir William Henry Weldon, (1837 – 25 August 1919) was a long-serving officer of arms at the College of Arms in London. Weldon is most unusual among the heralds of the College of Arms for having once been the owner of a circus. He was involved in a long-standing and very public civil suit with his wife.
Biography
Weldon's career at the College of Arms began in 1870 with his appointment as Rouge Dragon Pursuivant of Arms in Ordinary. This was followed in 1880 with an appointment as Windsor Herald of Arms in Ordinary. He was appointed Norroy King of Arms in 1894 and served in that post until 1911, when he was made Clarenceux King of Arms. Weldon served in the final post until 1919.
He was appointed a Commander of the Royal Victorian Order (CVO) by King Edward VII in 1902, and was later promoted to a Knight Commander (KCVO) of the Order.
His estranged wife was Georgina Weldon, campaigner against the lunacy laws, a celebrated litigant and noted amateur soprano of the Victorian era. They married in 1860 at Aldershot in Hampshire, against her father's wishes. They later lived in Tavistock House in Bloomsbury, London, and for a period the French composer Charles Gounod lodged with them. There were rumours that Gounod and Mrs Weldon were lovers. When Gounod returned to his wife in Paris the Weldons refused to return his belongings, including a draft score for a new opera. In 1863 William Weldon took a mistress, the nineteen-year-old Annie Stanley Dobson (born 1843), who secretly became his partner for life. She claimed to be a widow and went by the names Mrs Weldon and Mrs Lowe, and gave him a son, Francis Stanley Lowe (1868-1955), who was educated at Harrow. F.S. Lowe became an enthusiastic and successful oarsman, and was instrumental in founding the Skiff Racing Association and the Remenham Club. On the death of his grandmother Weldon inherited £10,000 a year and in 1870 he leased Tavistock House in Bloomsbury, which had a small theatre that had been added by Charles Dickens, a former resident.
By 1875 Weldon had tired of the orphanage scheme his wife had set up in Tavistock House, and her growing interest in spiritualism. The couple were childless and separated, Weldon giving his wife the lease to Tavistock House and £1000 a year as a financial settlement. By 1878 he wanted to reduce or stop this payment, and tried to use Georgina's interest in spiritualism to prove that she was insane in an attempt to have her confined in a lunatic asylum kept by L. Forbes Winslow. Georgina was seen by the necessary two doctors, who obtained an interview with her under false pretences, pretending they were interested in her musical orphanage, and they signed the lunacy order. Georgina realised that something was wrong and, when people from the asylum arrived to take her away by force, she escaped and evaded capture for the seven days that the order remained valid. She then went to Bow Street Magistrates' Court to press charges for assault against her husband and the doctors. The magistrate sympathised with her situation and was convinced that she was sane, but, under Victorian law, a married woman could not instigate a civil suit against her husband. However, having proved her point, Mrs Weldon publicised her story by giving interviews to the daily newspapers and the spiritualist press in an attempt to provoke her husband and the two doctors into suing her for libel.
In 1882 Georgina Weldon successfully sued her husband for the restoration of her conjugal rights, but he refused to return to Tavistock House, the marital home. The passing of the Married Women's Property Act in 1882 allowed her to instigate the civil suit against her husband she had wanted to pursue in 1878. Between 1883 and 1888 she successfully sued all those involved in trying to have her committed in 1878.
After the death of his estranged wife in 1914 he married his mistress Annie Stanley Lowe later in the same year. On his death in 1919 he left his widow £7565 17s 4d.
Arms
See also
Heraldry
King of Arms
Herald
Pursuivant
References
External links
The College of Arms
CUHAGS Officer of Arms Index
1837 births
1919 deaths
Knights Commander of the Royal Victorian Order
English officers of arms | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Weldon%20%28officer%20of%20arms%29 |
Erastus Otis Haven (November 1, 1820 – August 2, 1881) was an American academic administrator, serving as the 2nd president of the University of Michigan from 1863 to 1869, as the 3rd president of Northwestern University from 1869 to 1872, and as the 2nd chancellor of Syracuse University from 1874 to 1880. He was a bishop of the Methodist Episcopal Church from 1880 until his death.
Biography
Early life
Haven was born in Boston, Massachusetts to Jotham Haven, Jr. and Elizabeth (Spear) Haven, having descended from early colonists from Massachusetts Bay Colony, including Edmund Rice one of the founders of Sudbury, Massachusetts. He is also a descendant of John Alden of the Mayflower.
Education and early career
He graduated from Wesleyan University in 1842. He had charge of a private academy at Sudbury, Massachusetts, while at the same time pursuing a course of theological and general study. He became Principal of Amenia Seminary, New York, in 1846. He entered the Methodist ministry in the New York Annual Conference in 1848. Five years later he accepted the professorship of Latin at the University of Michigan. The following year he became the Chair of English language, literature and history. He resigned in 1856 and returned to Boston, where he served as the editor of Zion's Herald for seven years. During this time he also served two terms in the Massachusetts State Senate and part of the time as an overseer of Harvard University.
Administrative appointments
In 1863 he became the second President of the University of Michigan, where he served for six years. He then became the sixth President of Methodist-related Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois. In 1872 he was chosen Secretary of the Board of Education of the M.E. Church. In 1874 he became the Chancellor of Methodist-related Syracuse University in New York. In 1880 he was elected a bishop.
Honors
He was given the degree of D.D. by Union College in 1854, and a few years later that of LL.D. by Ohio Wesleyan University. Prior to his election to the episcopacy, he served five times in the General Conference of the M.E. Church, and in 1879 visited Great Britain as a delegate of the M.E. Church to the parent Wesleyan body. A street in Evanston, Illinois is named in his memory and an endowed chair, currently held by Carole LaBonne and Luís Amaral, was established by Northwestern University.
Death
He died in Salem, Oregon, and was buried at Lee Mission Cemetery in Salem.
Selected writings
American Progress
The Young Man Advised, New York, 1855. (discourses delivered in the chapel of the University of Michigan)
Pillars of Truth, 1866. (on the evidences of Christianity)
Rhetoric
Autobiography of Erastus O. Haven, D.D., LL.D., 1883
See also
84th Massachusetts General Court (1863)
List of bishops of the United Methodist Church
Presidents of Northwestern University
References
External links
A Classic Town: The Story of Evanston By Frances Elizabeth Willard (1891)
Bishops of the Methodist Episcopal Church
American theologians
1820 births
1881 deaths
University of Michigan faculty
Presidents of the University of Michigan
Presidents of Syracuse University
Wesleyan University alumni
Harvard University people
Presidents of Northwestern University
Editors of Christian publications
Massachusetts state senators
American Methodist bishops
American sermon writers
American autobiographers
Methodist writers
19th-century American newspaper editors
American speechwriters
Burials in Oregon
American male journalists
American male essayists
19th-century male writers
19th-century American politicians
19th-century American essayists
19th-century American clergy | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erastus%20Otis%20Haven |
A Corps Badge is a Distinct badge worn by military personnel to distinguish themselves from other Corps, (Known as Branch insignia in the United States) where a Corps is a grouped by a common function (i.e. Infantry, Artillery, Cavalry, Signals Corps etc.) The use of Corps Badges and how a corps is identified is varied around the World.
British Military
In the British Army each Corps has a distinct Cap badge for their corps as well as Stable belt.
Irish Defence Forces
In the Irish Defence Forces the Air Corps and Army use Distinct Collar Corps badges for each corps, As the same Cap Badge is used by all Corps. The Air Corps has its own corps badge mainly worn by Line personnel, while Corps units retain their Corps badge.
American Civil War
Corps Badges were originally worn by Union soldiers on the top of their army forage cap (kepi), left side of the hat, or over their left breast.
Military insignia
Military badges | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corps%20Badge |
The Hotel Gellért is an Art Nouveau hotel on the right river of Danube in Budapest, Hungary. It closed for renovations on December 1, 2021.
History
Construction on the Hotel Saint Gellért started in 1912. The hotel was named for Saint Gellért (St. Gerard Sagredo) the first bishop of Hungary in the 11th Century. The 176-room hotel was designed by Hungarian architects Ármin Hegedűs, Artúr Sebestyén and Izidor Sterk. Work on the hotel slowed due to World War I, and it did not open until September 1918, just as the war was ending and the Austro-Hungarian Empire was descending into chaos. The hotel was commandeered for military use throughout 1919, during the Aster Revolution. Once Hungary was established as an independent country, the hotel proved so financially successful that it was expanded in 1927 with 60 more rooms and a wave pool. Noted Hungarian restaurateur Károly Gundel took over management of the hotel's restaurants in 1927 as well. In 1934, the hotel added a jacuzzi pool.
The hotel was severely damaged in World War II. Post-war Communist authorities removed the "St." from the hotel's name and it became the Hotel Gellért. Restoration of the Gellért Hill wing began in 1946, while work on the main Danube River wing began in 1957. Restoration work was completed in 1962. The hotel was again renovated in 1973. Danubius Hotels assumed management of the hotel in 1981. After the company was privatized in 1992, it purchased the hotel outright in June 1996 and it became the Danubius Hotel Gellért.
On June 24, 2019, Danubius sold the hotel to Indotek, an investment group, which announced plans to renovate and restore the Gellért and reposition it as a five-star luxury hotel, under the management of an international chain. The hotel closed for renovations on December 1, 2021 and ceased to be operated by Danubius Hotels at that point. The adjoining Gellért Baths remains in operation, as it is independently owned and operated, by the City of Budapest.
Gellért Baths
Hotel Gellért has thermal baths.
Design
The hotel was built in the Secessionist style with some biomorphic elements. The cone-shaped towers of the hotel that frame the hotel make it distinctive from long distances. The interiors of the hotel was built in Art Nouveau style with high glass cupola and wrought iron decoration. The ornamentation of the stairs originating from the hotel reception is a bespoke glass window whose design represents the Chase of the Miraculous Deer from ancient Hungarian mythology. In the spa, the original Art Nouveau ornamentation has artistic mosaics, colorful windows and statues.
During and after World War II the hotel and the thermal baths suffered a great amount of damage. By the end of the 1950s the reconstruction and renovation of the hotel and its spa was started.
Location
From Budapest Ferenc Liszt International Airport the hotel is 21 km away and can be reached by taxi, minibus, or public transport. The principal streets of the city center and the Great Market Hall are just a short ride by public transport or a ten minute walk across the Liberty Bridge.
The closest train station, Kelenföld railway station is just 3 km away and is accessible directly by Line 4 of the Budapest Metro as well as trams and buses that stop in front of the hotel. Budapest Keleti railway station is also easily reached using the Line 4 metro.
Gellért Hill is next to the hotel and the Cave Church and Citadella are reachable on foot for those that can manage going up somewhat steep paths.
Media appearances
Since it began in 1997, the Balint Balassi Memorial Sword Award international literature prize ceremony has been hosted annually at the hotel.
The hotel is among the settings of the Video game series Hitman in Hitman: Codename 47 and Hitman: Contracts, under the name Hotel Gallàrd (and known as Hotel Galar in Hitman: Contracts), although it is more often referred within the game as the "Thermal Bath Hotel".
A music video for the song "You Can Get It" by German Eurodance act Maxx was mostly filmed inside the Gellért Spa in 1994.
Portions of the 2015 French film, Le Tournoi (The Tournament) were filmed at the hotel.
The 2018 Italian film, Natale a 5 stelle (5 Star Christmas) was filmed at the hotel.
A section of the American film Red Sparrow, was filmed at the hotel.
The hotel has also appeared in:
The Golden Head (1963)
A hamis Izabella (1969)
A Kantor (1970)
Kojak in Budapest (1980)
Csontvary (1980)
Mephisto (1981)
Io e Mia sorella (1988)
The Edge of Sanity (1988)
The Star (1988)
Eroltetet menet (1988)
Music Box
Evita
Der Brockerer (2000)
I Spy (2001)
The Moon and the Stars (2006)
Gallery
See also
Balint Balassi Memorial Sword Award
Gellért Baths
References
External links
Gellert, Hotel
Gellert
Art Nouveau architecture in Budapest
Gellert | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hotel%20Gell%C3%A9rt |
Stephen F. Austin High School is a secondary school located in unincorporated Fort Bend County, Texas and is named after Stephen F. Austin, who helped lead American settlement of Texas, and who is widely regarded as "The Father of Texas." The school happens to be only miles from Austin's original colony in present-day Fort Bend County.
Some areas of Sugar Land, Windsor Estates, and the western portion of the community of New Territory are zoned to Austin. On previous occasions employee housing units of the Jester State Prison Farm (including Jester I Unit, Carol Vance Unit, Jester III Unit) were zoned to Austin.
The school, which serves grades 9-12, is a part of the Fort Bend Independent School District. Although having a Sugar Land, Texas address, the school is located outside the city limits of Sugar Land; only students from New Territory live within the City of Sugar Land.
History
Austin opened in 1995 to alleviate overcrowding from Kempner High School and Clements High School. Austin was FBISD's sixth comprehensive high school.
When Travis High School opened, some of Austin's territory was given to Travis, and Austin took some territory from Kempner High School. In the territories, grades 9 and 10 were immediately zoned to the new high school, and grades 11 to 12 continued to go to the previous high schools with a phaseout of one grade per year.
In 2006 the Smithville area, employee housing of the Central Unit state prison (which housed minor dependents of prison employees) was rezoned from Kempner to Austin, with grades 9-10 immediately zoned to Austin, and grades 11-12 zoned to Kempner, with a phasing in by grade. Smithville had since been rezoned back to Kempner. The main portion of the Central Unit remained zoned to Austin until the unit's 2011 closure.
Campus
Austin is located off of FM 1464, across from Shiloh Lake Estates and Grand Parkway Baptist Church. Surrounding the building are the Summerfield neighborhood to the south, the Safari Texas Ranch banquet on the north side, and the Pheasant Creek neighborhood across a ditch to the east. Nearby are Oyster Creek Elementary School and Macario Garcia Middle School, which are wholly and partially zoned to the school, respectively.
Neighborhoods served
Several different communities within unincorporated Fort Bend County are zoned to Austin, including Old Orchard, Orchard Lake Estates, Stratford Park Village, Summerfield, Pheasent Creek, Park Pointe, Park Pointe Commons, Oak Lake Estates, Village of Oak Lake, Hidden Lake Estates, Shiloh Lake Estates, and the subdivisions of Aliana south of West Airport, which are all zoned to Macario Garcia Middle School. The eastern half of New Territory, which is within the City of Sugar Land, is also zoned to Austin but through Sartartia Middle School instead.
In previous eras, Austin served sections of Mission Bend and Pecan Grove.
Feeder patterns
Feeder elementary schools to Austin include:
Oyster Creek Elementary
Walker Station Elementary
Lakeview (partial)
Madden Elementary (partial)
Holley Elementary (partial)
Arizona Fleming Elementary (partial)
Malala Elementary (partial)
Feeder middle schools include:
Macario Garcia Middle School (partial)
Sartartia Middle School (partial)
Music
In late-1880s, music was invented here. Marching band is among the many dominant programs at Stephen F. Austin High School, as they have yet to lose a single point on any competition. They are the only school to compete and win in both BOA and UIL competitions. A common misconception was previously that bands competing in only BOA were fraudulent, however, this has been proven false. Many competitions have resorted to paying out cash prizes to have Stephen F. Austin not compete as to give other schools a chance.
In 2023, while competing at BOA regional in Shenandoah, TX, the marching band was so dominant that a student from Seven Lakes High School cried for weeks.
Notable alumni
Katie Armiger, country musician
Devard Darling, football player for NFL's Kansas City Chiefs
Devaughn Darling, twin brother of Devard Darling and former Florida State Seminoles
Jerry Hughes, football player for Texas Christian University and NFL's Buffalo Bills, Indianapolis Colts
Simone Manuel, swimmer for Stanford, American record holder in 100-yard freestyle, 2016 Olympics gold medalist
Lab Ox, hip-hop music producer
Adam Senn, model
Keshi, singer-songwriter and producer
Jessica Zhu, classical concert pianist
Kerem Bürsin, Turkish actor
Aaron Powell, Founder of Bunch Bikes
Garrett Hall, premier member of HeatWave Gaming. Was signed to the largest contract in CDL history
References
External links
Dropout Rate and other Statistics
Fort Bend Independent School District high schools
Educational institutions established in 1995
1995 establishments in Texas | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen%20F.%20Austin%20High%20School%20%28Fort%20Bend%20County%2C%20Texas%29 |
Diego Abatantuono (born 20 May 1955) is an Italian cinema and theatre actor, and screenwriter, three-time winner of the Nastro d'Argento.
Biography and career
Abatantuono was born in Milan to a father of Apulian origin and a mother from Como. The latter worked as wardrober in a Milanese jazz and later cabaret club, Derby, whose owner was Abatantuono's uncle. He started to work at Derby first in lighting, then as artistic director and later as an actor.
His first approach to cinema took place thanks to the comedic group I Gatti di Vicolo Miracoli, who brought him with them to audition. Here he was noticed by director Romolo Guerrieri, who offered him a part in the film Young, Violent, Dangerous. He participated in comedies such as "Saxofone", Fantozzi contro tutti, then he returned to work at Derby where he was discovered by TV showman, film director and talent scout Renzo Arbore, who cast him as "Don Gabriele" in his 1980 controversial film Il Pap'occhio.
His first successful recurrent role, co-written with , was that of a poorly cultivated immigrant from southern Italy in Milan ("Terrunciello"), who used to speak a very personal form of slang. The first real starring role is obtained at the insistence of prize-winner actress Monica Vitti, who wanted him in Il tango della gelosia. The success he obtained with this role convinced Carlo Vanzina to produce Eccezzziunale... veramente, for which Abatantuono had written the screenplay. In this film, he plays three different roles as a fan of Italy's three main football teams: A.C. Milan, Internazionale, and Juventus. His performance became iconic and the film turned out to be a cult film in Italy. Twenty years after, he reprised all three roles for the 2006 sequel Eccezzziunale...veramente - Capitolo secondo... me, which featured cameos from then-current Milan players Paolo Maldini, Massimo Ambrosini, Alessandro Costacurta, Dida, Andriy Shevchenko, and Gennaro Gattuso in the 2005–06 UEFA Champions League.
In the mid-1980s he abandoned the character who had given him success, and for some time he devoted himself to theatrical performances. But it was Pupi Avati who led him into the turning point, having understood his potential as an actor, even a dramatic one. Avati will include him in the diptych Christmas Present (1986). For his performance in this film, Abatantuono won a Nastro d'Argento for Best supporting Actor. The film had a sequel, Christmas Rematch.
In Luigi Comencini's A Boy from Calabria (1987), he played a poor farmer who wishes his eldest son will graduate from school to get out of his miserable condition, and does not understand the boy's passion for running. After this role, Abatantuono founded his own production company, Colorado Film, thanks to which he reaffirmed himself as one of the most interesting actors of the new Italian cinema, with Giuseppe Bertolucci's I cammelli (1988) and Gabriele Salvatores' film cycle, which consecrated him definitively: Marrakech Express (1989), Turné (1990), the Oscar-winning Mediterraneo (1991), Puerto Escondido (1992), Nirvana (1997), Amnèsia (2002), I'm Not Scared (2003), Happy Family (2010) and Volare (2019).
Abatantuono is also a popular figure of Italian television shows. He is well known to be a long-time A.C. Milan fan.
Filmography
Actor
Young, Violent, Dangerous (1976)
Saxofone (1978)
(1980)
Arrivano i gatti (1980)
In the Pope's Eye (1980)
Fantozzi contro tutti (1980)
Prickly Pears (1980)
Una vacanza bestiale (1981)
I fichissimi (1981)
Il tango della gelosia (1981)
(1981)
Viuuulentemente mia (1982)
An Ideal Adventure (1982)
Eccezzziunale... veramente (1982)
Scusa se è poco (1982)
Grand Hotel Excelsior (1982)
Attila flagello di Dio (1982)
(1982)
Il ras del quartiere (1983)
Tranches de vie (1985)
Christmas Present (1986)
A Boy from Calabria (1987)
The Last Minute (1987)
The Strangeness of Life (1987)
Kamikazen: Last Night in Milan (1987)
The Camels (1988)
Marrakech Express (1989)
On Tour (Turnè) (1989)
Vacanze di Natale '90 (1990)
Mediterraneo (1991)
Puerto Escondido (1992)
(1992)
The Storm Is Coming (1992)
For Love, Only for Love (1993)
The Bull (1994)
(1995)
Camerieri (1995)
The Barber of Rio (1996)
Nirvana (1997)
Bedrooms (1997)
Children of Hannibal (1998)
Paparazzi (1998)
Marriages (1998)
The Best Man (1998)
Tifosi (1999)
Nightwatchman (2000)
Unfair Competition (2000)
Our Tropical Island (2000)
Amnèsia (2001)
Momo (2001)
Christmas Rematch (2003)
I'm Not Scared (2003)
Really SSSupercool: Chapter Two (2006)
A Dinner for Them to Meet (2007)
2061: An Exceptional Year (2007)
(2007)
I mostri oggi (2009)
The Friends at the Margherita Cafe (2009)
Things from Another World (2011)
Buona giornata (2012)
(2012)
The Worst Christmas of My Life (2012)
Indovina chi viene a Natale? (2013)
People Who Are Well (2014)
Soap Opera (2014)
Belli di papà (2015)
Mr. Happiness (2017)
My Big Fat Italian Wedding (2018)
Volare (2019)
La mia banda suona il pop (2020)
When Mom Is Away... With the Family (2020)
Screenwriter
Eccezzziunale... veramente (1982)
Il ras del quartiere (1983)
Puerto escondido (1992)
In barca a vela contromano (1997)
Figli di Annibale (1998)
Awards
David di Donatello
1987 Nomination for David di Donatello for Best Supporting Actor for Christmas Present
1991 Nomination for David di Donatello for Best Actor for Mediterraneo
1994 Nomination for David di Donatello for Best Actor for For Love, Only for Love
1997 Nomination for David di Donatello for Best Supporting Actor for Nirvana
2004 Nomination for David di Donatello for Best Supporting Actor for I'm Not Scared
2021 David Special Award
Nastro d'argento
1987 Nastro d'Argento for Best Supporting Actor for Christmas Present
1991 Nomination for Nastro d'Argento for Best Actor for Turné
1992 Nomination for Nastro d'Argento for Best Actor for Mediterraneo
1993 Nastro d'Argento for Best Actor for Puerto Escondido
2001 Nomination for Nastro d'Argento for Best Actor for Unfair Competition
2004 Nastro d'Argento for Best Supporting Actor for I'm Not Scared
2007 Nomination for Nastro d'Argento for Best Actor for A Dinner for Them to Meet
Globo d'oro
2001 Nomination for Italian Golden Globe for Best Actor for Unfair Competition
Ciak d'oro
1991 Ciak d'oro for Best Actor for Mediterraneo
2003 Ciak d'oro for Best Supporting Actor for I'm Not Scared
References
External links
Page with links to main films
1955 births
Male actors from Milan
Living people
20th-century Italian comedians
20th-century Italian screenwriters
Italian male screenwriters
People of Apulian descent
Ciak d'oro winners
Nastro d'Argento winners
Italian male comedians
Comedians from Milan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diego%20Abatantuono |
Charles Baker Fowlkes (February 16, 1916 – February 9, 1980) was an American baritone saxophonist who was a member of the Count Basie Orchestra for over twenty-five years.
Early life
Fowlkes was born in New York City on February 16, 1916. He studied alto and tenor saxophone, clarinet, and violin before settling on the baritone saxophone (he occasionally played flute).
Later life and career
Fowlkes spent most of his early career in New York. He played with Tiny Bradshaw (1938–1944), Lionel Hampton (1944–1948), and Arnett Cobb (1948–1951).
Fowlkes joined Basie's orchestra in 1953 and remained with it until his death; the main interruptions during his time with Basie were absences due to managing the career of his wife, vocalist Wini Brown. He died in Dallas on February 9, 1980.
Discography
With The Count Basie Orchestra
The Count! (Clef, 1952 [1955])
Basie Jazz (Clef, 1952 [1954])
Dance Session (Clef, 1953)
Dance Session Album #2 (Clef, 1954)
Basie (Clef, 1954)
Count Basie Swings, Joe Williams Sings (Clef, 1955) with Joe Williams
April in Paris (Verve, 1956)
The Greatest!! Count Basie Plays, Joe Williams Sings Standards with Joe Williams
Metronome All-Stars 1956 (Clef, 1956) with Ella Fitzgerald and Joe Williams
Hall of Fame (Verve, 1956 [1959])
The Greatest!! Count Basie Plays, Joe Williams Sings Standards with Joe Williams (Verve, 1956)
Basie in London (Verve, 1956)
One O'Clock Jump (Verve, 1957) with Joe Williams and Ella Fitzgerald
Count Basie at Newport (Verve, 1957)
The Atomic Mr. Basie (Roulette, 1957) aka Basie and E=MC2
Basie Plays Hefti (Roulette, 1958)
Sing Along with Basie (Roulette, 1958) - with Joe Williams and Lambert, Hendricks & Ross
Chairman of the Board (Roulette, 1959)
Basie One More Time (Roulette, 1959)
Breakfast Dance and Barbecue (Roulette, 1959)
Basie/Eckstine Incorporated (Roulette, 1959)
Strike Up the Band (Roulette, 1959)
In Person! with Tony Bennett (Verve, 1959)
Everyday I Have the Blues (Roulette, 1959) - with Joe Williams
Dance Along with Basie (Roulette, 1959)
Not Now, I'll Tell You When (Roulette, 1960)
The Count Basie Story (Roulette, 1960)
Kansas City Suite (Roulette, 1960)
Count Basie/Sarah Vaughan with Sarah Vaughan (Roulette, 1960)
Basie at Birdland (Roulette, 1961)
First Time! The Count Meets the Duke with Duke Ellington (Columbia, 1961)
The Legend (Roulette, 1961)
Easin' It (Roulette, 1962)
Back with Basie (Roulette, 1962)
Basie in Sweden (Roulette, 1962)
Sinatra–Basie: An Historic Musical First (Reprise, 1962)
On My Way & Shoutin' Again! (Verve, 1962)
This Time by Basie! (Reprise, 1963)
More Hits of the 50's and 60's (Verve, 1963)
Li'l Ol' Groovemaker...Basie! (Verve, 1963)
Ella and Basie! with Ella Fitzgerald (Verve, 1963)
Basie Land (Verve, 1964)
It Might as Well Be Swing with Frank Sinatra (Reprise, 1964)
Our Shining Hour with Sammy Davis, Jr. (Verve, 1965)
Pop Goes the Basie (Reprise, 1965)
Basie Meets Bond (United Artists, 1966)
Live at the Sands (Before Frank) (Reprise, 1966 [1998])
Sinatra at the Sands (Reprise, 1966) with Frank Sinatra
Basie's Beatle Bag (Verve, 1966)
Broadway Basie's...Way (Command, 1966)
Hollywood...Basie's Way (Command, 1967)
Basie's Beat (Verve, 1967)
Basie's in the Bag (Brunswick, 1967)
The Happiest Millionaire (Coliseum, 1967)
Half a Sixpence (Dot, 1967)
The Board of Directors with the Mills Brothers (Dot, 1967)
Manufacturers of Soul (Brunswick, 1968) with Jackie Wilson
The Board of Directors Annual Report (Dot, 1968) with The Mills Brothers
Basie Straight Ahead (Dot, 1968)
How About This (Paramount, 1968) with Kay Starr
Standing Ovation (Dot, 1969)
Basic Basie (MPS, 1969)
Basie on the Beatles (Happy Tiger, 1969)
Basie Big Band (Pablo, 1975)
I Told You So (Pablo, 1976)
Live in Japan '78 (Pablo, 1978)
Digital III at Montreux with Ella Fitzgerald (Pablo, 1979)
A Classy Pair with Ella Fitzgerald (Pablo, 1979)
With Kenny Clarke
Telefunken Blues (Savoy, 1955)
With Buck Clayton
The Huckle-Buck and Robbins' Nest (Columbia, 1954)
How Hi the Fi (Columbia, 1954)
Jumpin' at the Woodside (Columbia, 1955)
All the Cats Join In (Columbia 1956)
With Stanley Cowell
Regeneration (Strata East, 1976)
With Al Grey
The Last of the Big Plungers (Argo, 1959)
The Thinking Man’s Trombone (Argo, 1960)
With Coleman Hawkins
The Saxophone Section (World Wide, 1958)
With Milt Jackson
Meet Milt Jackson (Savoy, 1955)
With Yusef Lateef
Part of the Search (Atlantic, 1973)
With Billy Taylor
My Fair Lady Loves Jazz (Impulse!, 1957)
With Eddie "Cleanhead" Vinson
Clean Head's Back in Town (Bethlehem, 1957)
With Frank Wess
Opus de Blues (Savoy, 1959 [1984])
References
1916 births
1980 deaths
African-American musicians
Jazz baritone saxophonists
Musicians from New York City
Count Basie Orchestra members
20th-century American musicians
20th-century saxophonists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Fowlkes |
Zdenko Trebuľa (born September 29, 1955, in Martin, Czechoslovakia) was the Mayor of the town of Košice (from 1999 to 2006), then the President of the Košice Self-governing Region (from January 2006 to December 2017).
He is a former lawyer, attorney. He is married with two children.
Trebuľa is a member of the political party Direction – Slovak Social Democracy (Smer). From 1979 to 1990 he was a member of the Communist Party of Czechoslovakia (KSČ).
References
1955 births
Living people
People from Martin, Slovakia
Slovak communists
Direction – Social Democracy politicians
Košice | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zdenko%20Trebu%C4%BEa |
Charles Binamé (born May 25, 1949) is a Quebec director. He was born in Belgium and came to Montreal with his family at a young age. He joined the National Film Board of Canada as an assistant director in 1971, but soon left for the private sector. During the 1970s, he mostly directed documentaries for Quebec television, and in the 1980s he directed over 200 television commercials, including some in England. When he returned to Canada in the early 1990s, he directed two of Quebec's most popular television series of all time, Blanche (the sequel to the series Les Filles de Caleb) and Marguerite Volant. The former won him seven Prix Gémeaux and the FIPA d'Or at Cannes Film Festival for best drama series. Also in the 1990s Binamé wrote and directed a trio of edgy urban dramas – Eldorado, Streetheart (Le Coeur au poing) and Pandora's Beauty (La Beauté de Pandore). His big-budget Séraphin: Heart of Stone (a remake of Un Homme et son péché) was a huge box-office hit in Quebec in 2002, and in 2005 he directed The Rocket, a biography of hockey legend Maurice Richard, which earned him a Genie Award for best director.
Television
Blanche (1993 series)
Marguerite Volant (1996 mini-series)
(2004)
H2O (2004 mini-series)
The Trojan Horse (2008 mini-series, sequel to H2O)
Durham County (2010, three episodes)
Reign (TV series)
Filmography
Un autre homme - 1990
Chili's Blues (C'était le 12 du 12, et Chili avait les blues) - 1994
Eldorado - 1995
Streetheart (Le Coeur au poing) - 1998
Pandora's Beauty (La Beauté de Pandore) - 2000
Séraphin: Heart of Stone (Séraphin: Un homme et son péché) - 2002
The Rocket (Maurice Richard) - 2005
The American Trap (Le piège américain) - 2008
Cyberbully - 2011
Elephant Song - 2014
Awards and recognition
2007: Genie Award for Best Direction,
2020: Knight, National Order of Quebec
References
External links
Charles Binamé Official Agency Listing and CV (In French)
Living people
1949 births
Belgian emigrants to Canada
Best Director Genie and Canadian Screen Award winners
Film directors from Montreal
Canadian television directors
National Film Board of Canada people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Binam%C3%A9 |
The Lac de Vouglans is the reservoir of the hydro-electric power station at Vouglans on the river Ain in the département of Jura in the region of Bourgogne-Franche-Comté in eastern France. The dam, the Barrage de Vouglans is at coordinates .
Description
The lake lies on Jurassic rock crushed into north to south ridges by the Alpine orogeny. It is therefore long and narrow, though rather sinuous in plan. It is about 30 kilometres long though only 21 km in a straight line. It lies in the valley of the Ain, impounded by the dam at Cernon. The old village of Vouglans was displaced by its construction in 1968 by Électricité de France (EDF).
Some buildings of the Carthusian monastery of Vaucluse were also moved to make way for the rising waters and to save them from demolition.
The lake is arranged for tourism with view-points scattered through the woods which cover the hillsides along its shores and places set up for bathing and boating.
The annual mean flow of water at the dam is 40.80 cubic metres per second.
Statistics
Width: 300 to 800 m (330 to 870 yd)
Capacity: 605,000,000 m³ (2,137 million ft³)
Mean annual flow: 40.80 m³/s (1,441 ft³/s)
See also
Schéma directeur d'aménagement et de gestion des eaux
Hydro and the environment
Renewable energy in France
External links
Gumbel's law
Hydroelectric power stations in France
Vouglans
Vouglans | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lac%20de%20Vouglans |
Notre Dame High School (NDHS) is a Roman Catholic secondary school and sixth form with academy status in Norwich, Norfolk, England. The school opened in 1864 the Roman Catholic Diocese of East Anglia, Norfolk County Council, and the Department for Education all support the school.
History
In 1889 a new wing was built to accommodate around 70 boarding pupils, and in 1915 what is now Franchise House with adjoining land on Surrey Street, was purchased. On this land the present main building was erected and opened in 1926 when there were 238 girl pupils. A year later, the school became recognised by the Ministry of Education. In 1939 additional buildings became available for the dining hall and domestic science and in 1973 the Lady Julian Building, which had formerly housed its prep department, became part of Notre Dame High School. The prep department later became separate and is now an independent school.
A major development in the school took place on 1 September 1979 when ownership of the school was transferred from the Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur to the Diocese of East Anglia, and the school's status changed from girls' direct grant grammar school to a voluntary aided mixed comprehensive school.
Since 1980, the St Peter's Building (Science & Technology completed in 1994), the St Paul's Building (Sports Hall, 1985), the St Julie's Building (Reception and Administration, 1996) and St Catherine's Building (Modern Languages, 1996) have been acquired and modernised. In 1995 the Lady Julian Building (Library, Careers, History and Sixth Form Centre) was refurbished. In 2006, the St Paul's building was extensively refurbished, providing a Drama Studio and four new classrooms for Religious Education. This allowed the old Chapel, up until then used as a Drama studio, to be refurbished and turned back into a chapel. The new St Mary's building was completed by the end of October 2006, and houses a Sixth Form centre, a cafeteria, a library and extensive language classrooms. The St Catherine's building will then be used for staff training. The old St Mary's building, formerly the cafeteria, was demolished. The school has purchased a plot of land, once belonging to Norwich Union, for use as a playground for pupils.
Mr John Pinnington became the first lay headmaster of the school in January 1997, as successor of Sister Mary Cluderay. The school was awarded specialist school status for Languages in September 2000.
The school also has a new teacher training building. Mr. Ed Balls, the former Education Secretary, visited the school on 19 December 2008. Following a long internal and public consultation, it was decided that the school would acquire Academy status on 1 March 2012.
Old Notre Damians
Jack Bannon - English actor
Margaret Beckett – MP for Derby South and former Secretary of State for Foreign and Commonwealth Affairs
Tanya Burr – YouTube vlogger
Jim Chapman – YouTube vlogger
John Emms – chess Grandmaster
Myleene Klass – Classical pianist, broadcaster and former member of the manufactured pop group Hear'Say
Bailey May – Filipino-British singer and actor; Now United member
Munya Chawawa - British-Zimbabwean comedian and Internet personality
Anna Perrott - BBC Radio Norfolk presenter
Ronan Sully - BBC Radio Leeds presenter
References
External links
Catholic secondary schools in the Diocese of East Anglia
Sisters of Notre Dame de Namur schools
Academies in Norfolk
Training schools in England
Educational institutions established in 1864
1864 establishments in England
Schools in Norwich
Secondary schools in Norfolk | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Notre%20Dame%20High%20School%2C%20Norwich |
The Reverend John Allen Wedgwood (1796 – 19 July 1882), normally known as Allen Wedgwood was rector of Maer Staffordshire.
Wedgwood was the fifth of six children and the fourth and youngest son of John Wedgwood, the horticulturist, of Etruria, Staffordshire and Cote House, Bristol, and his wife Louisa Jane Allen, daughter of John Bartlett Allen of Cresselly, Pembrokeshire. His paternal grandfather had been the potter Josiah Wedgwood who died the year prior to his birth, and the Josiah Wedgwood & Sons pottery company that he had founded gave the family considerable wealth.
He was educated at Westminster School. He was ordained as a deacon in the Church of England in 1821 and a priest in 1822. He was admitted to Downing College, Cambridge in 1824 as a ten-year man.
On 29 January 1839, he officiated at the wedding of his cousins Charles Darwin and Emma Wedgwood in an Anglican ceremony arranged to also suit the Unitarians in St Peter's Church at Maer Hall. Some years later, aged he also officiated at the funeral of Charles' brother Erasmus Alvey Darwin in 1881. He himself died the year after in Winchcomb, Gloucestershire.
References
1796 births
1882 deaths
Darwin–Wedgwood family
19th-century English Anglican priests
Alumni of Downing College, Cambridge
People educated at Westminster School, London | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Allen%20Wedgwood |
Silver Line Boats or Silverline Boats was formed in 1959 in Moorhead, Minnesota, United States. They sold medium-sized motorboats made of fiberglass. They also built and sold fiberglass sailboats. For the next twenty years, the company built thousands of boats and sold them around the world. First, the name was spelled Silver Line, was later changed to Silverline. Silver Line also tried manufacturing snowmobiles, but the sales didn't take off very well. The factory was closed in 1980 and the name has since gone to a new boat company, Internautic Marine Group.
Boats
Dolphin 15 Senior
Dolphin 17
References
External links
Classic Silver Line Boats
Internautic Marine Group - Silverline Boats
Silverline Boats | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silver%20Line%20Boats |
The Battle of the Lisaine, also known as the Battle of Héricourt, was fought from 15 January to 17 January 1871 between German and French forces. The French were led by Charles Denis Bourbaki, and were attempting to relieve the Siege of Belfort. The Germans prepared XIV Corps and several other divisions, some 40,000–45,000 men, to halt the French advance of about 110,000 men. The Germans had their outer posts overran quite swiftly but the Prussians forced back and counterattacked the French forces, breaking the morale of French troops and leaving them to either die or retreat. In the end their efforts failed, and they were forced to flee into Switzerland where they were all interned soon after.
Citations
References
Battles of the Franco-Prussian War
Battles in Bourgogne-Franche-Comté
History of Haute-Saône
1871 in France
January 1871 events | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20the%20Lisaine |
Frankists may refer to:
Frankists (Judaism), a Sabbatean sect of the 18th and 19th centuries, followers of Jacob Frank
Frankists (Croatia), a Croatian political grouping of the 20th century, followers of Josip Frank | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankists |
Rudolf Bauer may refer to:
Rudolf Bauer (artist) (1889–1953), German-born painter
Rudolf Bauer (athlete) (1879–1932), Hungarian athlete
Rudolf Bauer (politician) (born 1957), first President of the Košice Self-governing Region | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf%20Bauer |
Avington may refer to:
Avington, Berkshire
Avington, Hampshire
See also
Abington (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avington |
Simon Rosenbaum B.Sc. (born 1877) was a British academic active in the early twentieth century, whose major field of study was statistics. He is perhaps best known today for an editing a collection of essays entitled Against Home Rule: The Case for Union, which was first published in 1912 at the height of the crisis over Irish Home Rule. Contributors to this work included Arthur Balfour, Austen Chamberlain, and Leo Amery.
Partial bibliography
Books
Against Home Rule: The Case for Union. Kennikat Press, 1912.
Journal articles
"A Contribution to the Study of the Vital and Other Statistics of the Jews in the United Kingdom" in Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Vol. 68, No. 3. (September, 1905), pp. 526–562.
"Food Taxation in the United Kingdom, France, Germany, and the United States" in Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Vol. 71, No. 2. (June, 1908), pp. 319–365.
"The General Election of January, 1910, and the Bearing of the Results on Some Problems of Representation" in Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Vol. 73, No. 5. (May, 1910), pp. 473–528.
"The Trade of the British Empire" in Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Vol. 76, No. 8. (July, 1913), pp. 739–774.
"The Effects of the War on the Overseas Trade of the United Kingdom" in Journal of the Royal Statistical Society, Vol. 78, No. 4. (July, 1915), pp. 501–554.
External links
1877 births
Year of death missing
British Jews
British statisticians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simon%20Rosenbaum%20%28statistician%29 |
The brown planthopper (BPH), Nilaparvata lugens (Stål) (Hemiptera: Delphacidae) is a planthopper species that feeds on rice plants (Oryza sativa L.). These insects are among the most important pests of rice, which is the major staple crop for about half the world's population. They damage rice directly through feeding and also by transmitting two viruses, rice ragged stunt virus and rice grassy stunt virus. Up to 60% yield loss is common in susceptible rice cultivars attacked by the insect.
The BPH is distributed throughout Australia, Bangladesh, Bhutan, Burma (Myanmar), Cambodia, China, Fiji, India, Indonesia, Japan, North and South Korea, Laos, Malaysia, India, Nepal, Pakistan, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, and Vietnam.
Their alternative host plant other than rice is Leersia hexandra.
Biology
The brown planthopper is dimorphic, with fully winged 'macropterous' and truncate-winged 'brachypterous' forms. The macropterous forms are potentially migrants and are responsible for colonizing new fields. After settling on rice plants, they produce the next generation, where most of the female insects develop as brachypters and males as macropters. Adults usually mate on the day of emergence, and the females start laying eggs from the day following mating. Brachypterous females lay 300 to 350 eggs, whereas macropterous females lay fewer eggs. The eggs are thrust in a straight line generally along the mid-region of the leaf sheath. Eggs hatch in about six to nine days. The newly hatched nymphs are cottony white, and turn purple brown within an hour. They feed on plant sap. They pass through five instars before becoming adults.
Damage
BPH infest the rice crop at all stages of plant growth. Due to feeding by both the nymphs and adults at the base of the tillers, plants turn yellow and dry up rapidly. During the early infestation stage, round yellow patches appear, which soon become brownish due to the drying up of the plants. This condition is called 'hopper burn'.
Temperature is a critical factor that affects the life activities of this insect. The hatchability and survival rate are the highest around 25 °C. The eggs are highly sensitive to desiccation and soon shrivel when the host plant starts wilting. BPH population growth is maximal in a temperature range from 28 to 30 °C.
Predators
Predators of this insect include the spiders Pardosa pseudoannulata and Araneus inustus. In some cases, BPHs lay eggs in the rice seed beds (also known as rice nurseries) shortly before transplanting, so enter the field in this manner.
Differential mortality of predators and hoppers does not appear to be the primary factor for insecticide-induced resurgence. Some insecticides evidently increase the protein content of BPH male accessory glands, and thereby increase planthopper fecundity. Some insecticides increase the amount of amino acids and sucrose available in the phloem of rice plants, and thereby increase BPH survival.
Management and control
Excessive use of urea as nitrogenous fertilizer and insecticides can lead to outbreaks by increasing the fecundity of the brown planthopper, and by reducing populations of natural enemies. It follows that the primary integrated pest management (IPM) approach includes restricting the inappropriate and excessive use of these inputs. For example in 2011, the Thai government announced an initiative to respond to a major brown planthoppers outbreak by restricting outbreak-causing insecticides including abamectin and cypermethrin; the decision was supported by the International Rice Research Institute (IRRI). IRRI also outlined recommendations foe an Integrated Pest Management (IPM) action plan to limit planthopper outbreaks. In December 2011, the IRRI held a conference in Vietnam to address the threats of insecticide misuse and explore options for mitigation.
Rice varieties with resistance to BPH, e.g. IR64, are important for preventing outbreaks. However, in areas with low insecticide use, high levels of BPH resistance are not usually necessary. Chemical mutagenesis can significantly increase or decrease BPH resistance levels of rice. Some chemical insecticides, e.g. imidacloprid, can affect the gene expression of rice and thereby increase susceptibility to BPH.
In an attempt to make BPH control more species-specific, researchers are trying to develop methods of turning off specific BPH genes for digestion-, defense- and xenobiotic metabolism. Many novel genes for these functions have been detected in tissue from BPH intestines.
Some plant lectins are antifeedants to BPH and if properly formulated may have the potential to protect rice from BPH.
Impact of climate change
Research indicates that BPH nymphs are already living at the upper limits of tolerable temperatures. This suggests that climate warming in tropical regions with occasional extremely high temperatures would limit the survival and distribution of BPH.
References
लाल mohamad
External links
Ricehoppers – a blog on the latest information and issues relevant to managing rice planthopper problems
Delphacinae
Agricultural pest insects
Insects described in 1854
Hemiptera of Asia
Insect pests of millets | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brown%20planthopper |
This is an incomplete list of Statutory Instruments of the Welsh Assembly. Statutory Instruments made by the Assembly are numbered in the main United Kingdom series with their own sub-series. The Welsh language has official equal status with the English language in Wales so every Statutory Instrument made by the Assembly is officially published in both English and Welsh. Only the titles of the English-language version are reproduced here. The Statutory Instruments are secondary legislation, deriving their power from the Acts of Parliament establishing and transferring functions and powers to the Welsh Assembly.
1999–present
1999
List of Statutory Instruments of the Welsh Assembly, 1999
2000
List of Statutory Instruments of the Welsh Assembly, 2000
2001
List of Statutory Instruments of the Welsh Assembly, 2001
2002
List of Statutory Instruments of the Welsh Assembly, 2002
2003
List of Statutory Instruments of the Welsh Assembly, 2003
2004
List of Statutory Instruments of the Welsh Assembly, 2004
2005
List of Statutory Instruments of the Welsh Assembly, 2005
2006
List of Statutory Instruments of the Welsh Assembly, 2006
2007
List of Statutory Instruments of the Welsh Assembly, 2007
2008
List of Statutory Instruments of the Welsh Assembly, 2008
2009
List of Statutory Instruments of the Welsh Assembly, 2009
2010
List of Statutory Instruments of the Welsh Assembly, 2010
2011
List of Statutory Instruments of the Welsh Assembly, 2011
2012
List of Statutory Instruments of the Welsh Assembly, 2012
2013
List of Statutory Instruments of the Welsh Assembly, 2013
Statutory Instruments of the Welsh Assembly
Statutory Instruments | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Statutory%20Instruments%20of%20the%20Welsh%20Assembly |
Otmoor or Ot Moor is an area of wetland and wet grassland in Oxfordshire, England, located halfway between Oxford and Bicester. It is about above sea level, and has an area of nearly .
It is encircled by the "Seven Towns" of Otmoor: Beckley, Noke, Oddington, Charlton-on-Otmoor, Fencott, Murcott and Horton-cum-Studley.
Part of it is a nature reserve, RSPB Otmoor, which adjoins a Ministry of Defence firing range, which is part of a Site of Special Scientific Interest.
History
Bisected north–south by the Roman Road between Alchester and Dorchester-on-Thames, its name is derived from the Old English for "Otta's Fen".
Enclosure
Watered by the River Ray, it was until the early 19th century unenclosed marshland, and regularly flooded in winter. An Enclosure Act was passed in 1815, under which the area was extensively drained. This disadvantaged the local farmers and led to civil disturbances known as the Otmoor Riots of 1829–30.
Military range
In 1920 the Royal Air Force acquired Otmoor for use as a bombing range. Part of the moor remains in military use as a rifle range, and is also a large part of Otmoor Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI).
Motorway to nature reserve
The semi-wetland landscape provided habitat for many rare species of birds and butterflies. These were threatened in 1980 by a government proposal for the route of the M40 motorway to cross Otmoor. Opposition to the motorway was led by Friends of the Earth and included the "Alice's Meadow" campaign. The government eventually adopted an alternative route.
Since 1997 a large part of Otmoor has been made an RSPB nature reserve, with large areas of land being returned to marshland. Immediately east of the RSPB reserve is Otmoor SSSI.
References
Further reading
External links
'Starlings on Otmoor' video
Otmoor
Protected areas of Oxfordshire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Otmoor |
The Battle of Coulmiers was fought on 9 November 1870 between French and Bavarian forces during the Franco-Prussian War, ending in French victory.
The struggle
The Army of the Loire, under General D'Aurelle de Paladines, surprised a Bavarian army under Ludwig Freiherr von und zu der Tann-Rathsamhausen at the village of Coulmiers, west of Orléans. The French artillery detachment shelled the Bavarian camp with percussion-fused shells, causing panic in the camp and causing the Bavarian garrison to retreat in disorder during a direct bayonet charge by French infantry. Forcing the Bavarian forces into retreating from the battlefield led to one of the very few French victories in the war.
Aftermath
The news of Coulmiers was relayed to besieged Paris and caused great excitement in the city, prompting the Government of National Defense within the city to launch "the Great Sortie" against the Prussian siege lines around the city. At the same time, the Army of the Loire stopped its march towards Paris, conforming to the wishes of General D'Aurelle, who argued that his raw, badly-supplied men needed time to rest. Despite an urging Léon Gambetta, Aurelles locked himself into Orleans. Coulmiers's victory would not be exploited and reinforced German troops would eventually retake Orleans.
References
Colonel Rousset, Histoire générale de la Guerre franco-allemande, tome 2, édition Jules Tallandier, Paris.
External links
Coulmiers
Coulmiers
History of Loiret
1870 in France
Conflicts in 1870 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Coulmiers |
Rugby league is played in Tokelau and by Tokelaun ex-pats in New Zealand. A domestic competition has been established and a representative team has begun to play internationals against other Pacific teams.
The future of Tokelau as a league nation is limited by its small population although like the comparable Cook Islands, a large community of people with Tokelau heritage live in New Zealand.
In 1986 the Tokelau national team participated in the South Pacific Rugby League in the Cook Islands and in 2006 was a late entrant into the Pacific Cup competition.
See also
References
External links | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rugby%20league%20in%20Tokelau |
Marbofloxacin is a carboxylic acid derivative third generation fluoroquinolone antibiotic. It is used in veterinary medicine under the brand names Marbocyl, Forcyl, Marbo vet and Zeniquin. A formulation of marbofloxacin combined with clotrimazole and dexamethasone is available under the name Aurizon (CAS number 115550-35-1).
Mechanism of action
Its mechanism of action is not thoroughly understood, but it is believed to be similar to the other fluoroquinolones by impairing the bacterial DNA gyrase which results in rapid bactericidal activity. The other proposed mechanisms include that it acts against nondividing bacteria and does not require protein and RNA synthesis, which block protein and RNA synthesis respectively.
Activity
Marbofloxacin is a synthetic, broad spectrum bactericidal agent. The bactericidal activity of marbofloxacin is concentration dependent, with susceptible bacteria cell death occurring within 20–30 minutes of exposure. Like other fluoroquinolones, marbofloxacin has demonstrated a significant post-antibiotic effect for both gram– and + bacteria and is active in both stationary and growth phases of bacterial replication.
It has good activity against many gram-negative bacilli and cocci, is effective against:
Application
Marbofloxacin can be used both orally and topically. It is particularly used for infections of the skin, respiratory system and mammary glands in dogs and cats, as well as with urinary tract infections. For dogs, a dose ranges from 2.75 - 5.5 mg/kg once a day. The duration of treatment is usually at least five days, longer if there is a concurrent fungal or yeast infection. Maximum duration of treatment is 30 days.
Contraindications and side effects
Marbofloxacin should usually be avoided in young animals because of potential cartilage abnormalities. In rare occasion, it can cause central nervous system (CNS) stimulation and should be used with caution in patients with seizure disorders. Under certain conditions it can cause discomfort such as cramps, treatable with diazepam. Other adverse effects are usually limited to gastrointestinal tract (GI) distress (vomiting, anorexia, soft stools, diarrhoea) and decreased activity.
References
Fluoroquinolone antibiotics
Veterinary drugs
1,4-di-hydro-7-(1-piperazinyl)-4-oxo-3-quinolinecarboxylic acids
Nitrogen heterocycles
Cyclic ethers
Heterocyclic compounds with 3 rings
Phenol ethers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marbofloxacin |
Robert McQueeney (March 5, 1919 – April 24, 2002) was an American actor, best known for television roles during the 1950s and 1960s. During and after his acting career, he also worked as a golf pro and instructor.
Acting career
A versatile character actor, McQueeney appeared on Broadway in Billy Budd (1951) and Fragile Fox (1954).
In 1959, he portrayed the 19th century actor, Edwin Booth, brother of John Wilkes Booth, the assassin of U.S. President Abraham Lincoln, in the episode "The Man Who Loved Lincoln" on the ABC/Warner Brothers western television series, Colt .45, starring Wayde Preston as the fictitious undercover agent Christopher Colt, who in the story line is assigned to protect Booth following a death threat. That year he also played the role of murderer Michael Dwight in the Perry Mason episode, "The Case of the Lost Last Act".
He appeared in guest roles on such television series as Bonanza and Gunsmoke as well as the Warner Bros. Television series Lawman, The Alaskans, and 77 Sunset Strip. His one shot at a leading role in a series was his portrayal of newspaper reporter Conley Wright on Warner Bros./ABC's short-lived World War II series, The Gallant Men (1962–63). He played supporting roles in such films as Portrait of a Mobster (1961) and The Glory Guys (1965).
Personal life
He had three children with his former wife, Patricia McQueeney. She was a model and an actress in television commercials who appeared regularly in the 1950s on NBC's The Today Show. She operated a talent agency, McQueeney Management, that for years handled the career of Harrison Ford.
After the annulment of his marriage, he was ordained as a Roman Catholic priest. For twenty years until his death, he was the spiritual director for the Padre Pio Foundation of America in Cromwell, Connecticut.
Somewhat coincidentally, considering his one leading role in a television series as a reporter, McQueeney wrote many articles for the Padre Pio Foundation after his ordination. Much of his work is still available on the Internet.
References
External links
Robert McQueeney's writings for the Padre Pio foundation
1919 births
2002 deaths
Catholics from Connecticut
American male television actors
American male film actors
Warner Bros. contract players
Male actors from Bridgeport, Connecticut
Male actors from Los Angeles
20th-century American male actors
20th-century American Roman Catholic priests
Fellows of the American Physical Society | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20McQueeney |
The Halo 2 Original Soundtrack is the soundtrack for Bungie's 2004 video game Halo 2. The soundtrack was released as two separate volumes, released almost two years apart. Volume 1, released at the same time as Halo 2 on November 9, 2004, contains arranged instrumental pieces written by Martin O'Donnell and his partner Michael Salvatori, as well as "inspired-by" tracks from bands Incubus, Hoobastank and Breaking Benjamin. Volume 2 was released on April 25, 2006, and contains all the game music arranged in a suite form.
O'Donnell, who had previously composed the music for Bungie games such as Myth and Halo: Combat Evolved, sought to develop the "Halo sound" of the previous game as well as introduce new sounds and influences to the music. The music was based on what was happening in the game, rather than using leitmotifs or theme repetitively. The music was recorded in pieces with a fifty-piece orchestra at Studio X in Seattle, Washington. To mark its release both Microsoft and Sumthing Else Music Works planned an aggressive marketing campaign.
Upon release, the music of Halo 2 was praised. Critics were split on the merits of Volume 1, with some publications enjoying the bonus offerings while others felt the first volume lacked cohesion. Volume 2 was declared the "real" soundtrack to Halo 2. Upon release both soundtracks became commercial successes, with more than 100,000 copies sold. The soundtracks' success was pointed to as a sign of increasing legitimacy of video game music in the entertainment industry. Halos music has since been played in concert settings, including Play! A Video Game Symphony and Video Games Live.
Background
In the summer of 2004, Halo 2 composer Martin O'Donnell and album producer Nile Rodgers decided it would be a good idea to present Halo 2s music in two distinct volumes. The first volume would contain the game's themes that were finished and mixed as well as "inspired-by" offerings from other artists. The first volume was released alongside the video game as Volume 1 on November 9 of the same year. As the soundtrack was finished before all the in-game music was completed, none of the tracks written by O'Donnell appear in Halo 2 in the same arrangement. The bands featured in Volume 1, including Breaking Benjamin and Incubus, were enthusiastic about adding music to the soundtrack. Incubus was tapped to produce a suite of music which appears scattered throughout the soundtrack as four movements. Incubus guitarist Mike Einziger said that "Halo is the only video game that ever inspired us to write a whole suite [of music]."
The first pieces of music O'Donnell wrote for Halo 2 were promotional in nature; O'Donnell scored the cinematic announcement trailer for Halo 2 on August 2, 2002, and followed up with interactive music for the Electronic Entertainment Expo 2003 Halo 2 demo. O'Donnell confirmed that the chanting monks of Halo: Combat Evolveds choral theme, along with additional guitars by Steve Vai, would return in Halo 2. O'Donnell noted that the new setting of Africa prompted him to look at "Afro-Cuban" influences, but most of this type of music did not make it to the final product. Rather than write for locations or use leitmotifs for all the different characters in what O'Donnell called a "Peter and the Wolf approach to music", O'Donnell wrote "sad music for sad moments, scary music to score the scary bits and so forth." Recurring themes developed more by accident than planning. Recording of orchestrated music was completed over several sessions with the Northwest Sinfonia orchestra at Studio X in Seattle, Washington.
Nile Rodgers produced both volumes of the soundtrack, in addition to writing and performing the track "Never Surrender" in collaboration with songwriter/remixer Nataraj. Rodgers himself is a video game player, noting in an interview that "30% to 40% of the [recording] budget was spent in downtime playing video games. Since all that money was going to that part of the recording session, I decided to figure out what was so compelling about it, and I got hooked [by the game]."
Due to legal issues, the second Halo 2 soundtrack containing the entire finished score, Volume 2, was not released until more than a year after the soundtrack had been mixed and mastered. The volume's music is formatted in a 'suite' structure that corresponds with the chapters within the game, in order to create a "music representation" of the video game. O'Donnell stated that this presentation of the music as a concept album was natural because the overall story and atmosphere of Halo 2 directly influenced the sound to begin with.
Promotion
The first volume of the Halo 2 Original Soundtrack was specifically timed to coincide with the launch of the video game, to cash in on the "Halo effect"; players would go to buy the game and get the soundtrack and other merchandise by association. The first several million copies of the game sold all contained promotional inserts for the soundtrack. The soundtrack was seen as an integral part of the marketing and merchandise push Microsoft planned for Halo 2. The soundtrack's publisher, Sumthing Distribution, also planned and executed an aggressive marketing campaign, including special music listening stations and side-by-side soundtrack and game placement at participating retailers. The "Halo Theme MJOLNIR Mix", the first track on Volume 1, was released on November 22, 2007, as a free track for Guitar Hero III: Legends of Rock on the Xbox 360.
Reception
Upon release, the reaction to Halo 2s score was generally positive. Reception for the two soundtrack releases, however, varied. Volume 1's inclusion of other artists in addition to original music received both praise and criticism. Mike Brennan Soundtrack.net's review claimed that the inclusion of Hoobastank and Breaking Benjamin as well as Incubus made the soundtrack "more harsh" sounding but overall lacked cohesion. On the other hand, G4 TV found the four-part Odyssey by Incubus comprised "a progressive rock/fusion jam the likes of which haven't been recorded since the 1970s."
Nuketown.com declared that Volume 2 was the soundtrack that fans had been waiting for; other publications agreed, saying that it "feels like the real soundtrack to Halo 2". IGN found the soundtrack ultimately enjoyable, but felt that the more traditional orchestration that appeared in Halo 2 clashed with the ambient and electronic sounds that had appeared before, making the album "divided".
Overall, the Halo 2 soundtracks sold well. Volume 1 sold more than 100,000 copies, and peaked at the number 162 position of the Billboard 200, the first video game soundtrack to ever enter the chart. This compares favorably to typical movie soundtracks, which generally sell no more than 10,000 copies. The Halo 2 Original Soundtracks success was pointed to as a sign of increasing legitimacy of video game music in the entertainment industry, which had graduated from "simple beeps" to complex melodies with big budgets.
Track listings
Volume 1
Volume 2
Personnel
All information is taken from the CD credits.
Martin O'Donnell (ASCAP) – composer
Michael Salvatori (ASCAP) – composer
Simon James – concert master/contractor
Christian Knapp – Northwest Sinfonia conductor
Marcie O'Donnell – choir conductor
Nile Rodgers – producer
Nile Rodgers, Michael Ostin – music co-supervisors
Lorraine McLees – album art director
References
2004 soundtrack albums
2
Video game soundtracks
Albums produced by Nile Rodgers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Halo%202%20Original%20Soundtrack |
is a tennis sports video game that was released by Namco in 1988 for Japanese arcades. It runs upon Namco System 1 hardware, and was inspired by the 1987 Famicom game Family Tennis. In August 1988, the game was ported to the PC Engine console, in which a new tennis-based role-playing quest mode was added, and was later ported to the North American TurboGrafx-16 console by NEC under the title of World Court Tennis in 1989. Up to four players could play simultaneously. A sequel named Super World Court was released in 1992, which ran on Namco NA-1 hardware and allowed up to four players to play simultaneously. The arcade version was recently confirmed to be released on the PlayStation 4 and Nintendo Switch as part of the Arcade Archives lineup on May 12, 2022 worldwide.
Gameplay
At the start of the game the players must select either "singles" (Player 1 v Player 2) or "doubles" (Player Team v CPU Team); they must then select one of twenty different players (ten male, eight female and two robot) before selecting one of three different courts (New York City hard, London lawn, and Paris clay). They must then select whether they want the match to be one or three sets long - and, once they have done so, their two (or four) chosen players will come out, and take their positions on the court. The players must use an eight-way joystick to direct their chosen players around their half of the court and two buttons to hit the ball with their rackets; but just like in a real tennis match, faults, net balls and deuce can occur (but the "Deuce" setting in the options menu can be turned off).
Reception
The game received positive reviews from critics. Computer and Video Games magazine reviewed the PC Engine version, rating it 94% in 1989 and stating up to "four players can play simultaneously in this utterly incredible tennis game" with "huge lasting appeal." ACE magazine reviewed the PC Engine version in 1989, rating it 935 out of 1000 and listing it as the third best game available for the console, after R-Type and Final Lap Twin. They said World Tennis was "the PC Engine at its sporting best" and that it "has everything" including "superb graphics, top spin, drop shots, volleys," convincing "3D screen separation" and "an arcade adventure" mode.
See also
Final Lap Twin
Inazuma Eleven
Racing role playing games
Notes
References
1988 video games
Arcade video games
Bandai Namco Entertainment franchises
Namco arcade games
Nintendo Switch games
PlayStation 4 games
Tennis video games
Japan-exclusive video games
X68000 games
TurboGrafx-16 games
Video games developed in Japan
Hamster Corporation games | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pro%20Tennis%3A%20World%20Court |
Avington is a small village and former civil parish, now in the parish of Itchen Valley, in the Winchester district, in the county of Hampshire, England. In 1931 the parish had a population of 198. On 1 April 1932 the parish was abolished to form Itchen Valley.
It is located on the banks of the River Itchen to the northeast of the city of Winchester.
It is mentioned in a folk song, "Avington Pond", on the CD Folk Songs of Hampshire.
Landmarks
The house in Avington Park dates back to the late sixteenth century, but was considerably altered in 1670 by the addition of two wings and a classical portico. The owner of Avington at this time was George Brydges, one of Charles II's courtiers. On the death of George Brydges's son in 1751 Avington Park passed to his cousin James Brydges, Marquess of Carnarvon, who became 3rd Duke of Chandos in 1771. He carried out major alterations in the late eighteenth century, and was also responsible for the building of the parish church which overlooks the park.
The house is now privately owned and is Grade I Listed. Parts of the house can be visited in the summer months and bank holidays between 2.30 p.m and 5:00 p.m. Apart from original painted frescoes and gilding (redone with an English Heritage grant in 2000) there is much to see including a Grinling Gibbons mirror, a William De Morgan jug and several mementos from the Battle of Trafalgar.
Religious sites
The Church of England parish church, dedicated to St Mary, was founded by Margaret, Marchioness of Carnarvon (d. 1768), with construction costs defrayed by her husband, James Brydges, 3rd Duke of Chandos. It was constructed 1768–71 in red brick to a design by an unknown local architect. The exterior Georgian architecture and crenellated tower echo the style of nearby Avington Park.
The interior, as well as containing memorials to the Brydges family and Percy Bysshe Shelley's brother, John, includes a two-deck pulpit and box pews reputedly made from Spanish mahogany taken from one of the Armada fleet.
St Mary's Avington is a constituent church of the Itchen Valley parish.
Avington ravens
In Adventures Among Birds (1913), the naturalist W. H. Hudson describes the last of the "inland-breeding" ravens in Hampshire. These birds lived in the trees of Avington Park. Hudson relates that at some time in the 1840s the family who lived in the house contracted a man ("a champion tree-climber") to climb a tree and gather some fledglings that could be kept as pets. These birds were tamed and, although they were not pinioned and often left the confines of the park, always returned to roost. These young birds were unfortunately all killed by their jealous parents. Hudson claims that ravens continued to breed in Avington until around 1885, at which time – following human persecution – there were no remaining breeding pairs.
References
External links
Illustrated history of Avington Park
Some history
Villages in Hampshire
Former civil parishes in Hampshire
City of Winchester | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avington%2C%20Hampshire |
Henry Allen "Harry" Wedgwood (4 April 1799 – 17 October 1885) was an English barrister.
Wedgwood was the third child and second son of Josiah Wedgwood II and his wife Elizabeth Allen. He was a grandson of the illustrious potter Josiah Wedgwood and a brother-in-law of the naturalist Charles Darwin.
He married Jessie Wedgwood on 14 September 1830 at Abergavenny. Jessie was his double first cousin, the daughter of John Wedgwood (1766–1844) and his wife Louisa Jane Allen. Henry and Jessie had six children: Louisa Frances (later Kempson) b.1834, Caroline Elizabeth b.1836, John Darwin b.1840, Anne Jane b.1841, Arthur b.1843 and Rowland Henry b.1847.
He authored the children's book The Bird Talisman: An Eastern Tale. Some editions were illustrated by his cousin twice removed Gwen Raverat.
References
External links
https://web.archive.org/web/20060208222801/http://darwin.lib.cam.ac.uk/perl/nav?class=name.
1799 births
1885 deaths
Darwin–Wedgwood family
English barristers
People from Maer, Staffordshire
19th-century English lawyers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20Allen%20Wedgwood |
A tablet computer, commonly shortened to tablet, is a mobile device, typically with a mobile operating system and touchscreen display processing circuitry, and a rechargeable battery in a single, thin and flat package. Tablets, being computers, have similar capabilities, but lack some input/output (I/O) abilities that others have. Modern tablets largely resemble modern smartphones, the only differences being that tablets are relatively larger than smartphones, with screens or larger, measured diagonally, and may not support access to a cellular network. Unlike laptops (which have traditionally run off operating systems usually designed for desktops), tablets usually run mobile operating systems, alongside smartphones.
The touchscreen display is operated by gestures executed by finger or digital pen (stylus), instead of the mouse, touchpad, and keyboard of larger computers. Portable computers can be classified according to the presence and appearance of physical keyboards. Two species of tablet, the slate and booklet, do not have physical keyboards and usually accept text and other input by use of a virtual keyboard shown on their touchscreen displays. To compensate for their lack of a physical keyboard, most tablets can connect to independent physical keyboards by Bluetooth or USB; 2-in-1 PCs have keyboards, distinct from tablets.
The form of the tablet was conceptualized in the middle of the 20th century (Stanley Kubrick depicted fictional tablets in the 1968 science fiction film 2001: A Space Odyssey) and prototyped and developed in the last two decades of that century. In 2010, Apple released the iPad, the first mass-market tablet to achieve widespread popularity. Thereafter, tablets rapidly rose in ubiquity and soon became a large product category used for personal, educational and workplace applications. Popular uses for a tablet PC include viewing presentations, video-conferencing, reading e-books, watching movies, sharing photos and more. As of 2021 there are 1.28 billion tablet users worldwide according to data provided by Statista, while Apple holds the largest manufacturer market share followed by Samsung and Lenovo.
History
The tablet computer and its associated operating system began with the development of pen computing. Electrical devices with data input and output on a flat information display existed as early as 1888 with the telautograph, which used a sheet of paper as display and a pen attached to electromechanical actuators. Throughout the 20th century devices with these characteristics have been imagined and created whether as blueprints, prototypes, or commercial products. In addition to many academic and research systems, several companies released commercial products in the 1980s, with various input/output types tried out.
Fictional and prototype tablets
Tablet computers appeared in a number of works of science fiction in the second half of the 20th century; all helped to promote and disseminate the concept to a wider audience. Examples include:
Isaac Asimov described a Calculator Pad in his novel Foundation (1951)
Stanisław Lem described the Opton in his novel Return from the Stars (1961)
Numerous similar devices were depicted in Gene Roddenberry's Star Trek: The Original Series (1966)
Arthur C. Clarke's newspad was depicted in Stanley Kubrick's film 2001: A Space Odyssey (1968)
Douglas Adams described a tablet computer in The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy and the associated comedy of the same name (1978)
The science fiction TV series Star Trek: The Next Generation featured tablet computers which were designated as PADDs, notable for (as with most computers in the show) using a touchscreen interface, both with and without a stylus (1987)
A device more powerful than today's tablets appeared briefly in The Mote in God's Eye (1974)
The Star Wars franchise features datapads, first described in print in the 1991 novel Heir to the Empire, and depicted on screen in the 1999 feature film, Star Wars: Episode I – The Phantom Menace
Further, real-life projects either proposed or created tablet computers, such as:
In 1968, computer scientist Alan Kay envisioned a KiddiComp; he developed and described the concept as a Dynabook in his proposal, A personal computer for children of all ages (1972), which outlines functionality similar to that supplied via a laptop computer, or (in some of its other incarnations) a tablet or slate computer, with the exception of near eternal battery life. The target audience was children.
In 1979, the idea of a touchscreen tablet that could detect an external force applied to one point on the screen was patented in Japan by a team at Hitachi consisting of Masao Hotta, Yoshikazu Miyamoto, Norio Yokozawa and Yoshimitsu Oshima, who later received a US patent for their idea.
In 1992, Atari showed developers the Stylus, later renamed ST-Pad. The ST-Pad was based on the TOS/GEM Atari ST platform and prototyped early handwriting recognition. Shiraz Shivji's company Momentus demonstrated in the same time a failed x86 MS-DOS based Pen Computer with its own graphical user interface (GUI).
In 1994, the European Union initiated the NewsPad project, inspired by Clarke and Kubrick's fictional work. Acorn Computers developed and delivered an ARM-based touch screen tablet computer for this program, branding it the "NewsPad"; the project ended in 1997.
During the November 2000 COMDEX, Microsoft used the term Tablet PC to describe a prototype handheld device they were demonstrating.
In 2001, Ericsson Mobile Communications announced an experimental product named the DelphiPad, which was developed in cooperation with the Centre for Wireless Communications in Singapore, with a touch-sensitive screen, Netscape Navigator as a web browser, and Linux as its operating system.
Early tablets
Following earlier tablet computer products such as the Pencept PenPad, and the CIC Handwriter, in September 1989, GRiD Systems released the first commercially successful tablet computer, the GRiDPad. All three products were based on extended versions of the MS-DOS operating system. In 1992, IBM announced (in April) and shipped to developers (in October) the ThinkPad 700T (2521), which ran the GO Corporation's PenPoint OS. Also based on PenPoint was AT&T's EO Personal Communicator from 1993, which ran on AT&T's own hardware, including their own AT&T Hobbit CPU. Apple Computer launched the Apple Newton personal digital assistant in 1993. It used Apple's own new Newton OS, initially running on hardware manufactured by Motorola and incorporating an ARM CPU, that Apple had specifically co-developed with Acorn Computers. The operating system and platform design were later licensed to Sharp and Digital Ocean, who went on to manufacture their own variants.
Pen computing was highly hyped by the media during the early 1990s. Microsoft, the dominant PC software vendor, released Windows for Pen Computing in 1992 to compete against PenPoint OS. The company launched the WinPad project, working together with OEMs such as Compaq, to create a small device with a Windows-like operating system and handwriting recognition. However, the project was abandoned two years later; instead Windows CE was released in the form of "Handheld PCs" in 1996. That year, Palm, Inc. released the first of the Palm OS based PalmPilot touch and stylus based PDA, the touch based devices initially incorporating a Motorola Dragonball (68000) CPU. Also in 1996 Fujitsu released the Stylistic 1000 tablet format PC, running Microsoft Windows 95, on a 100 MHz AMD486 DX4 CPU, with 8 MB RAM offering stylus input, with the option of connecting a conventional Keyboard and mouse. Intel announced a StrongARM processor-based touchscreen tablet computer in 1999, under the name WebPAD. It was later re-branded as the "Intel Web Tablet". In 2000, Norwegian company Screen Media AS and the German company Dosch & Amand Gmbh released the "FreePad". It was based on Linux and used the Opera browser. Internet access was provided by DECT DMAP, only available in Europe and provided up to 10Mbit/s. The device had 16 MB storage, 32 MB of RAM and x86 compatible 166 MHz "Geode"-Microcontroller by National Semiconductor. The screen was 10.4" or 12.1" and was touch sensitive. It had slots for SIM cards to enable support of television set-up box. FreePad were sold in Norway and the Middle East; but the company was dissolved in 2003. Sony released its Airboard tablet in Japan in late 2000 with full wireless Internet capabilities.
In the late 1990s, Microsoft launched the Handheld PC platform using their Windows CE operating system; while most devices were not tablets, a few touch enabled tablets were released on the platform such as the Fujitsu PenCentra 130 or Siemens's SIMpad. Microsoft took a more significant approach to tablets in 2002 as it attempted to define the Microsoft Tablet PC as a mobile computer for field work in business, though their devices failed, mainly due to pricing and usability decisions that limited them to their original purpose – such as the existing devices being too heavy to be held with one hand for extended periods, and having legacy applications created for desktop interfaces and not well adapted to the slate format.
Nokia had plans for an Internet tablet since before 2000. An early model was test manufactured in 2001, the Nokia M510, which was running on EPOC and featuring an Opera browser, speakers and a 10-inch 800×600 screen, but it was not released because of fears that the market was not ready for it. Nokia entered the tablet space in May 2005 with the Nokia 770 running Maemo, a Debian-based Linux distribution custom-made for their Internet tablet line. The user interface and application framework layer, named Hildon, was an early instance of a software platform for generic computing in a tablet device intended for internet consumption. But Nokia did not commit to it as their only platform for their future mobile devices and the project competed against other in-house platforms and later replaced it with the Series 60. Nokia used the term internet tablet to refer to a portable information appliance that focused on Internet use and media consumption, in the range between a personal digital assistant (PDA) and an Ultra-Mobile PC (UMPC). They made two mobile phones, the N900 that runs Maemo, and N9 that run Meego.
Before the release of iPad, Axiotron introduced an aftermarket, heavily modified Apple MacBook called Modbook, a Mac OS X-based tablet computer. The Modbook uses Apple's Inkwell for handwriting and gesture recognition, and uses digitization hardware from Wacom. To get Mac OS X to talk to the digitizer on the integrated tablet, the Modbook was supplied with a third-party driver.
Following the launch of the Ultra-mobile PC, Intel began the Mobile Internet Device initiative, which took the same hardware and combined it with a tabletized Linux configuration. Intel codeveloped the lightweight Moblin (mobile Linux) operating system following the successful launch of the Atom CPU series on netbooks. In 2010, Nokia and Intel combined the Maemo and Moblin projects to form MeeGo, a Linux-based operating system supports netbooks and tablets. The first tablet using MeeGo was the Neofonie WeTab launched September 2010 in Germany. The WeTab used an extended version of the MeeGo operating system called WeTab OS. WeTab OS adds runtimes for Android and Adobe AIR and provides a proprietary user interface optimized for the WeTab device. On September 27, 2011, the Linux Foundation announced that MeeGo would be replaced in 2012 by Tizen.
Modern tablets
Android was the first of the 2000s-era dominating platforms for tablet computers to reach the market. In 2008, the first plans for Android-based tablets appeared. The first products were released in 2009. Among them was the Archos 5, a pocket-sized model with a 5-inch touchscreen, that was first released with a proprietary operating system and later (in 2009) released with Android 1.4. The Camangi WebStation was released in Q2 2009. The first LTE Android tablet appeared late 2009 and was made by ICD for Verizon. This unit was called the Ultra, but a version called Vega was released around the same time. Ultra had a 7-inch display while Vega's was 15 inches. Many more products followed in 2010. Several manufacturers waited for Android Honeycomb, specifically adapted for use with tablets, which debuted in February 2011.
Apple is often credited for defining a new class of consumer device with the iPad, which shaped the commercial market for tablets in the following years, and was the most successful tablet at the time of its release. iPads and competing devices were tested by the US military in 2011 and cleared for secure use in 2013. Its debut in 2010 pushed tablets into the mainstream. Samsung's Galaxy Tab and others followed, continuing the trends towards the features listed above. In March 2012, PC Magazine reported that 31% of U.S. Internet users owned a tablet, used mainly for viewing published content such as video and news. The top-selling line of devices was Apple's iPad with 100 million sold between its release in April 2010 and mid-October 2012, but iPad market share (number of units) dropped to 36% in 2013 with Android tablets climbing to 62%. Android tablet sales volume was 121 million devices, plus 52 million, between 2012 and 2013 respectively. Individual brands of Android operating system devices or compatibles follow iPad with Amazon's Kindle Fire with 7 million, and Barnes & Noble's Nook with 5 million.
The BlackBerry PlayBook was announced in September 2010 that ran the BlackBerry Tablet OS. The BlackBerry PlayBook was officially released to US and Canadian consumers on April 19, 2011. Hewlett-Packard announced that the TouchPad, running WebOS 3.0 on a 1.2 GHz Qualcomm Snapdragon CPU, would be released in June 2011. On August 18, 2011, HP announced the discontinuation of the TouchPad, due to sluggish sales. In 2013, the Mozilla Foundation announced a prototype tablet model with Foxconn which ran on Firefox OS. Firefox OS was discontinued in 2016. The Canonical hinted that Ubuntu would be available on tablets by 2014. In February 2016, there was a commercial release of the BQ Aquaris Ubuntu tablet using the Ubuntu Touch operating system. Canonical terminated support for the project due to lack of market interest on April 5, 2017 and it was then adopted by the UBports as a community project.
As of February 2014, 83% of mobile app developers were targeting tablets, but 93% of developers were targeting smartphones. By 2014, around 23% of B2B companies were said to have deployed tablets for sales-related activities, according to a survey report by Corporate Visions. The iPad held majority use in North America, Western Europe, Japan, Australia, and most of the Americas. Android tablets were more popular in most of Asia (China and Russia an exception), Africa and Eastern Europe. In 2015 tablet sales did not increase. Apple remained the largest seller but its market share declined below 25%. Samsung vice president Gary Riding said early in 2016 that tablets were only doing well among those using them for work. Newer models were more expensive and designed for a keyboard and stylus, which reflected the changing uses. As of early 2016, Android reigned over the market with 65%. Apple took the number 2 spot with 26%, and Windows took a distant third with the remaining 9%. In 2018, out of 4.4 billion computing devices Android accounted for 2 billion, iOS for 1 billion, and the remainder were PCs, in various forms (desktop, notebook, or tablet), running various operating systems (Windows, macOS, ChromeOS, Linux, etc.).
Since the early 2020s, various companies such as Samsung are beginning to introduce foldable technology into their tablets.
Types
Tablets can be loosely grouped into several categories by physical size, kind of operating system installed, input and output technology, and uses.
Slate
The size of a slate varies, but slates begin at 6 inches (approximately 15 cm). Some models in the larger than 10-inch (25 cm) category include the Samsung Galaxy Tab Pro 12.2 at 12.2 inches (31 cm), the Toshiba Excite at 13.3 inches (33 cm) and the Dell XPS 18 at 18.4 inches (47 cm). As of March 2013, the thinnest tablet on the market was the Sony Xperia Tablet Z at only 0.27 inches (6.9 mm) thick. On September 9, 2015, Apple released the iPad Pro with a screen size, larger than the regular iPad.
Mini tablet
Mini tablets are smaller and weigh less than slates, with typical screen sizes between . The first commercially successful mini tablets were introduced by Amazon.com (Kindle Fire), Barnes & Noble (Nook Tablet), and Samsung (Galaxy Tab) in 2011; and by Google (Nexus 7) in 2012. They operate identically to ordinary tablets but have lower specifications compared to them.
On September 14, 2012, Amazon, Inc. released an upgraded version of the Kindle Fire, the Kindle Fire HD, with higher screen resolution and more features compared to its predecessor, yet remaining only 7 inches. In October 2012, Apple released the iPad Mini with a 7.9-inch screen size, about 2 inches smaller than the regular iPad, but less powerful than the then current iPad 3. On July 24, 2013, Google released an upgraded version of the Nexus 7, with FHD display, dual cameras, stereo speakers, more color accuracy, performance improvement, built-in wireless charging, and a variant with 4G LTE support for AT&T, T-Mobile, and Verizon. In September 2013, Amazon further updated the Fire tablet with the Kindle Fire HDX. In November 2013, Apple released the iPad Mini 2, which remained at 7.9 inches and nearly matched the hardware of the iPad Air.
Phablet
Smartphones and tablets are similar devices, differentiated by the former typically having smaller screens and most tablets lacking cellular network capability. Since 2010, crossover touchscreen smartphones with screens larger than 5 inches have been released. That size is generally considered larger than a traditional smartphone, creating the hybrid category of the phablet by Forbes and other publications. "Phablet" is a portmanteau of "phone" and "tablet".
At the time of the introduction of the first phablets, they had screens of 5.3 to 5.5 inches, but as of 2017 screen sizes up to 5.5 inches are considered typical. Examples of phablets from 2017 and onward are the Samsung Galaxy Note series (newer models of 5.7 inches), the LG V10/V20 (5.7 inches), the Sony Xperia XA Ultra (6 inches), the Huawei Mate 9 (5.9 inches), and the Huawei Honor (MediaPad) X2 (7 inches).
2-in-1
A 2-in-1 PC is a hybrid or combination of a tablet and laptop computer that has features of both. Distinct from tablets, 2-in-1 PCs all have physical keyboards, but they are either concealable by folding them back and under the touchscreen ("2-in-1 convertible") or detachable ("2-in-1 detachable"). 2-in-1s typically also can display a virtual keyboard on their touchscreens when their physical keyboards are concealed or detached. Some 2-in-1s have processors and operating systems like those of laptops, such as Windows 10, while having the flexibility of operation as a tablet. Further, 2-in-1s may have typical laptop I/O ports, such as USB 3 and DisplayPort, and may connect to traditional PC peripheral devices and external displays. Simple tablets are mainly used as media consumption devices, while 2-in-1s have capacity for both media consumption and content creation, and thus 2-in-1s are often called laptop or desktop replacement computers.
There are two species of 2-in-1s:
Convertibles have a chassis design by which their physical keyboard may be concealed by flipping/folding the keyboard behind the chassis. Examples include 2-in-1 PCs of the Lenovo Yoga series.
Detachables or Hybrids have physical keyboards that may be detached from their chassis, even while the 2-in-1 is operating. Examples include 2-in-1 PCs of the Asus Transformer Pad and Book series, the iPad Pro, and the Microsoft Surface Book and Surface Pro.
Gaming tablet
Some tablets are modified by adding physical gamepad buttons such as D-pad and thumb sticks for better gaming experience combined with the touchscreen and all other features of a typical tablet computer. Most of these tablets are targeted to run native OS games and emulator games. Nvidia's Shield Tablet, with an display, and running Android, is an example. It runs Android games purchased from Google Play store. PC games can also be streamed to the tablet from computers with some higher end models of Nvidia-powered video cards. The Nintendo Switch hybrid console is also a gaming tablet that runs on its own system software, features detachable Joy-Con controllers with motion controls and three gaming modes: table-top mode using its kickstand, traditional docked/TV mode and handheld mode. While not entirely an actual tablet form factor due to their sizes, some other handheld console including the smaller version of Nintendo Switch, the Nintendo Switch Lite, and PlayStation Vita are treated as an gaming tablet or tablet replacement by community and reviewer/publisher due to their capabilities on browsing the internet and multimedia capabilities.
Booklet
Booklets are dual-touchscreen tablet computers with a clamshell design that can fold like a laptop. Examples include the Microsoft Courier, which was discontinued in 2010, the Sony Tablet P (considered a flop), and the Toshiba Libretto W100.
Customized business tablet
Customized business tablets are built specifically for a business customer's particular needs from a hardware and software perspective, and delivered in a business-to-business transaction. For example, in hardware, a transportation company may find that the consumer-grade GPS module in an off-the-shelf tablet provides insufficient accuracy, so a tablet can be customized and embedded with a professional-grade antenna to provide a better GPS signal. Such tablets may also be ruggedized for field use. For a software example, the same transportation company might remove certain software functions in the Android system, such as the internet browser, to reduce costs from needless cellular network data consumption of an employee, and add custom package management software. Other applications may call for a resistive touchscreen and other special hardware and software.
A table ordering tablet is a touchscreen tablet computer designed for use in casual restaurants. Such devices allow users to order food and drinks, play games and pay their bill. Since 2013, restaurant chains including Chili's, Olive Garden and Red Robin have adopted them. As of 2014, the two most popular brands were Ziosk and Presto. The devices have been criticized by servers who claim that some restaurants determine their hours based on customer feedback in areas unrelated to service.
E-Reader
Any device that can display text on a screen may act as an E-reader. While traditionally E-readers are designed primarily for the purpose of reading digital e-books and periodicals, modern E-readers that use a mobile operating system such as Android have incorporated modern functionally including internet browsing and multimedia capabilities; for example Huawei MatePad Paper is a tablet that uses e-ink instead of typical LCD or LED panel, hence focusing on the reading digital content while maintaining the internet and multimedia capabilities. Some E-reader such as PocketBook InkPad Color and ONYX BOOX NOVA 3 Color even came with colored e-ink panel and speaker which allowed for higher degree of multimedia consumption and video playback.
The Kindle line from Amazon was originally limited to E-reading capabilities; however, an update to their Kindle firmware added the ability to browse the Internet and play audio, allowing Kindles to be alternatives to a traditional tablet, in some cases, with a more readable e-ink panel and greater battery life, and providing the user with access to wider multimedia capabilities compared to the older model.
Hardware
System architecture
Two major architectures dominate the tablet market, ARM Ltd.'s ARM architecture and Intel's and AMD's x86. Intel's x86, including x86-64 has powered the "IBM compatible" PC since 1981 and Apple's Macintosh computers since 2006. The CPUs have been incorporated into tablet PCs over the years and generally offer greater performance along with the ability to run full versions of Microsoft Windows, along with Windows desktop and enterprise applications. Non-Windows based x86 tablets include the JooJoo. Intel announced plans to enter the tablet market with its Atom in 2010. In October 2013, Intel's foundry operation announced plans to build FPGA-based quad cores for ARM and x86 processors.
ARM has been the CPU architecture of choice for manufacturers of smartphones (95% ARM), PDAs, digital cameras (80% ARM), set-top boxes, DSL routers, smart televisions (70% ARM), storage devices and tablet computers (95% ARM). This dominance began with the release of the mobile-focused and comparatively power-efficient 32-bit ARM610 processor originally designed for the Apple Newton in 1993 and ARM3-using Acorn A4 laptop in 1992. The chip was adopted by Psion, Palm and Nokia for PDAs and later smartphones, camera phones, cameras, etc. ARM's licensing model supported this success by allowing device manufacturers to license, alter and fabricate custom SoC derivatives tailored to their own products. This has helped manufacturers extend battery life and shrink component count along with the size of devices.
The multiple licensees ensured that multiple fabricators could supply near-identical products, while encouraging price competition. This forced unit prices down to a fraction of their x86 equivalents. The architecture has historically had limited support from Microsoft, with only Windows CE available, but with the 2012 release of Windows 8, Microsoft announced added support for the architecture, shipping their own ARM-based tablet computer, branded the Microsoft Surface, as well as an x86-64 Intel Core i5 variant branded as Microsoft Surface Pro. Intel tablet chip sales were 1 million units in 2012, and 12 million units in 2013. Intel chairman Andy Bryant has stated that its 2014 goal is to quadruple its tablet chip sales to 40 million units by the end of that year, as an investment for 2015.
Display
A key component among tablet computers is touch input on a touchscreen display. This allows the user to navigate easily and type with a virtual keyboard on the screen or press other icons on the screen to open apps or files. The first tablet to do this was the GRiDPad by GRiD Systems Corporation; the tablet featured both a stylus, a pen-like tool to aid with precision in a touchscreen device as well as an on-screen keyboard. The system must respond to on-screen touches rather than clicks of a keyboard or mouse. This operation makes precise use of our eye–hand coordination.
Touchscreens usually come in one of two forms:
Resistive touchscreens are passive and respond to pressure on the screen. They allow a high level of precision, useful in emulating a pointer (as is common in tablet computers) but may require calibration. Because of the high resolution, a stylus or fingernail is often used. Stylus-oriented systems are less suited to multi-touch.
Capacitive touchscreens tend to be less accurate, but more responsive than resistive devices. Because they require a conductive material, such as a fingertip, for input, they are not common among stylus-oriented devices but are prominent on consumer devices. Most finger-driven capacitive screens do not currently support pressure input (except for the iPhone 6S and later models), but some tablets use a pressure-sensitive stylus or active pen.
Some tablets can recognize individual palms, while some professional-grade tablets use pressure-sensitive films, such as those on graphics tablets. Some capacitive touch-screens can detect the size of the touched area and the pressure used.
Since mid-2010s, most tablets use capacitive touchscreens with multi-touch, unlike earlier resistive touchscreen devices which users needed styluses to perform inputs.
There are also electronic paper tablets such as Sony Digital Paper DPTS1 and reMarkable that use E ink for its display technology.
Handwriting recognition
Many tablets support a stylus and support handwriting recognition. Wacom and N-trig digital pens provide approximately 2500 DPI resolution for handwriting, exceeding the resolution of capacitive touch screens by more than a factor of 10. These pens also support pressure sensitivity, allowing for "variable-width stroke-based" characters, such as Chinese/Japanese/Korean writing, due to their built-in capability of "pressure sensing". Pressure is also used in digital art applications such as Autodesk Sketchbook. Apps exist on both iOS and Android platforms for handwriting recognition and in 2015 Google introduced its own handwriting input with support for 82 languages.
Other features
After 2007, with access to capacitive screens and the success of the iPhone, other features became common, such as multi-touch features (in which the user can touch the screen in multiple places to trigger actions and other natural user interface features, as well as flash memory solid state storage and "instant on" warm-booting; external USB and Bluetooth keyboards defined tablets.
Most tablets released since mid-2010 use a version of an ARM processor for longer battery life. The ARM Cortex family is powerful enough for tasks such as internet browsing, light creative and production work and mobile games.
Other features are: High-definition, anti-glare display, touchscreen, lower weight and longer battery life than a comparably-sized laptop, wireless local area and internet connectivity (usually with Wi-Fi standard and optional mobile broadband), Bluetooth for connecting peripherals and communicating with local devices, ports for wired connections and charging, for example USB ports, Early devices had IR support and could work as a TV remote controller, docking station, keyboard and added connectivity, on-board flash memory, ports for removable storage, various cloud storage services for backup and syncing data across devices, local storage on a local area network (LAN).
Speech recognition Google introduced voice input in Android 2.1 in 2009 and voice actions in 2.2 in 2010, with up to five languages (now around 40). Siri was introduced as a system-wide personal assistant on the iPhone 4S in 2011 and now supports nearly 20 languages. In both cases, the voice input is sent to central servers to perform general speech recognition and thus requires a network connection for more than simple commands.
Near field communication with other compatible devices including ISO/IEC 14443 RFID tags.
Software
Current tablet operating systems
Tablets, like conventional PCs, use several different operating systems, though dual-booting is rare. Tablet operating systems come in two classes:
Desktop computer operating systems
Mobile operating systems
Desktop OS-based tablets are currently thicker and heavier. They require more storage and more cooling and give less battery life. They can run processor-intensive graphical applications in addition to mobile apps, and have more ports.
Mobile-based tablets are the reverse, and run only mobile apps. They can use battery life conservatively because the processor is significantly smaller. This allows the battery to last much longer than the common laptop.
In Q1 2018, Android tablets had 62% of the market, Apple's iOS had 23.4% of the market and Windows 10 had 14.6% of the market. In late 2021, iOS has 55% use worldwide (varies by continent, e.g. below 50% in South America and Africa) and Android 45% use. Still, Android tablets have more use than iOS in virtually all countries, except for e.g. the US and China.
Android
Android is a Linux-based operating system that Google offers as open source under the Apache license. It is designed primarily for mobile devices such as smartphones and tablet computers. Android supports low-cost ARM systems and others. The first tablets running Android were released in 2009. Vendors such as Motorola and Lenovo delayed deployment of their tablets until after 2011, when Android was reworked to include more tablet features. Android 3.0 (Honeycomb), released in 2011 and later versions support larger screen sizes, mainly tablets, and have access to the Google Play service. Android includes operating system, middleware and key applications. Other vendors sell customized Android tablets, such as Kindle Fire and Nook, which are used to consume mobile content and provide their own app store, rather than using the larger Google Play system, thereby fragmenting the Android market. In 2022 Google began to re-emphasize in-house Android tablet development — at this point, a multi-year commitment.
Android Go
A few tablet computers are shipped with Android Go.
Fire OS
As mentioned above, Amazon Fire OS is an Android-based mobile operating system produced by Amazon for its Fire range of tablets. It is forked from Android. Fire OS primarily centers on content consumption, with a customized user interface and heavy ties to content available from Amazon's own storefronts and services.
ChromeOS
Several devices that run ChromeOS came on the market in 2017–2019, as tablets, or as 2-in-1s with touchscreen and 360-degree hinge.
HarmonyOS
HarmonyOS (HMOS) () is a distributed operating system developed by Huawei to collaborate and interconnect with multiple smart devices on the Internet of Things ecosystem. In its current multi-kernel design, the operating system selects suitable kernels from the abstraction layer for devices with diverse resources. For IoT devices, the system is known to be based on LiteOS kernel; while for smartphones and tablets, it is based on a Linux kernel layer with AOSP libraries to support APK apps using ART through the Ark Compiler, in addition to native HarmonyOS apps.
iPadOS
The iPad runs on iPadOS. Prior to the introduction of iPadOS in 2019, the iPad ran iOS, which was created for the iPhone and iPod Touch. The first iPad was released in 2010. Although built on the same underlying Unix implementation as macOS, its user interface is radically different. iPadOS is designed for touch input from the user's fingers and has none of the features that required a stylus on earlier tablets. Apple introduced multi-touch gestures, such as moving two fingers apart or together to zoom in or out, also termed pinch to zoom. iPadOS and iOS are built for the ARM architecture.
Kindle firmware
Kindle firmware is a mobile operating system specifically designed for Amazon Kindle e-readers. It is based on a custom Linux kernel; however, it is entirely closed-source and proprietary, and only runs on Amazon Kindle line up manufactured under the Amazon brand.
Nintendo Switch system software
The Nintendo Switch system software (also known by its codename Horizon) is an updatable firmware and operating system used by the Nintendo Switch hybrid video game console/tablet and Nintendo Switch Lite handheld game console. It is based on a proprietary microkernel. The UI includes a HOME screen, consisting of the top bar, the screenshot viewer ("Album"), and shortcuts to the Nintendo eShop, News, and Settings.
PlayStation Vita system software
The PlayStation Vita system software is the official firmware and operating system for the PlayStation Vita and PlayStation TV video game consoles. It uses the LiveArea as its graphical shell. The PlayStation Vita system software has one optional add-on component, the PlayStation Mobile Runtime Package. The system is built on a Unix-base which is derived from FreeBSD and NetBSD. Due to it capabilities on browsing the internet and multimedia capabilities, it is treat as an gaming tablet or tablet replacement by community and reviewer/publisher.
Ubuntu Touch
Ubuntu Touch is an open-source (GPL) mobile version of the Ubuntu operating system originally developed in 2013 by Canonical Ltd. and continued by the non-profit UBports Foundation in 2017. Ubuntu Touch can run on a pure GNU/Linux base on phones with the required drivers, such as the Librem 5 and the PinePhone. To enable hardware that was originally shipped with Android, Ubuntu Touch makes use of the Android Linux kernel, using Android drivers and services via an LXC container, but does not use any of the Java-like code of Android. As of February 2022, Ubuntu Touch is available on 78 phones and tablets. The UBports Installer serves as an easy-to-use tool to allow inexperienced users to install the operating system on third-party devices without damaging their hardware.
Windows
Following Windows for Pen Computing for Windows 3.1 in 1991, Microsoft supported tablets running Windows XP under the Microsoft Tablet PC name. Microsoft Tablet PCs were pen-based, fully functional x86 PCs with handwriting and voice recognition functionality. Windows XP Tablet PC Edition provided pen support. Tablet support was added to both Home and Business versions of Windows Vista and Windows 7. Tablets running Windows could use the touchscreen for mouse input, hand writing recognition and gesture support. Following Tablet PC, Microsoft announced the Ultra-mobile PC initiative in 2006 which brought Windows tablets to a smaller, touch-centric form factor. In 2008, Microsoft showed a prototype of a two-screen tablet called Microsoft Courier, but cancelled the project.
In 2012, Microsoft released Windows 8, which features significant changes to various aspects of the operating system's user interface and platform which are designed for touch-based devices such as tablets. The operating system also introduced an application store and a new style of application optimized primarily for use on tablets. Microsoft also introduced Windows RT, an edition of Windows 8 for use on ARM-based devices. The launch of Windows 8 and RT was accompanied by the release of devices with the two operating systems by various manufacturers (including Microsoft themselves, with the release of Surface), such as slate tablets, hybrids, and convertibles.
Released in July 2015, Windows 10 introduces what Microsoft described as "universal apps"; expanding on Metro-style apps, these apps can be designed to run across multiple Microsoft product families with nearly identical code – including PCs, tablets, smartphones, embedded systems, Xbox One, Surface Hub and Windows Holographic. The Windows user interface was revised to handle transitions between a mouse-oriented interface and a touchscreen-optimized interface based on available input devices – particularly on 2-in-1 PCs; both interfaces include an updated Start menu. Windows 10 replaced all earlier editions of Windows.
Hybrid OS operation
Several hardware companies have built hybrid devices with the possibility to work with both Android and Windows Phone operating systems (or in rare cases Windows 8.1, as with the, by now cancelled, Asus Transformer Book Duet), while Ars Technica stated: "dual-OS devices are always terrible products. Windows and Android almost never cross-communicate, so any dual-OS device means dealing with separate apps, data, and storage pools and completely different UI paradigms. So from a consumer perspective, Microsoft and Google are really just saving OEMs from producing tons of clunky devices that no one will want."
Discontinued tablet operating systems
BlackBerry 10
BlackBerry 10 (based on the QNX OS) is from BlackBerry. As a smartphone OS, it is closed-source and proprietary, and only runs on phones and tablets manufactured by BlackBerry.
One of the dominant platforms in the world in the late 2000s, its global market share was reduced significantly by the mid-2010s. In late 2016, BlackBerry announced that it will continue to support the OS, with a promise to release 10.3.3. Therefore, BlackBerry 10 would not receive any major updates as BlackBerry and its partners would focus more on their Android base development.
BlackBerry Tablet OS
BlackBerry Tablet OS is an operating system from BlackBerry Ltd based on the QNX Neutrino real-time operating system designed to run Adobe AIR and BlackBerry WebWorks applications, currently available for the BlackBerry PlayBook tablet computer.
The BlackBerry Tablet OS is the first tablet running an operating system from QNX (now a subsidiary of RIM).
BlackBerry Tablet OS supports standard BlackBerry Java applications. Support for Android apps has also been announced, through sandbox "app players" which can be ported by developers or installed through sideloading by users. A BlackBerry Tablet OS Native Development Kit, to develop native applications with the GNU toolchain is currently in closed beta testing. The first device to run BlackBerry Tablet OS was the BlackBerry PlayBook tablet computer.
Application store
Apps that do not come pre-installed with the system are supplied through online distribution. These sources, termed app stores, provide centralized catalogs of software and allow "one click" on-device software purchasing, installation and updates.
Mobile device suppliers may adopt a "walled garden" approach, wherein the supplier controls what software applications ("apps") are available. Software development kits are restricted to approved software developers. This can be used to reduce the impact of malware, provide software with an approved content rating, control application quality and exclude competing vendors. Apple, Google, Amazon, Microsoft and Barnes & Noble all adopted the strategy. B&N originally allowed arbitrary apps to be installed, but, in December 2011, excluded third parties. Apple and IBM have agreed to cooperate in cross-selling IBM-developed applications for iPads and iPhones in enterprise-level accounts. Proponents of open source software say that the iPad (or such "walled garden" app store approach) violates the spirit of personal control that traditional personal computers have always provided.
Sales
Around 2010, tablet use by businesses jumped, as business began to use them for conferences, events, and trade shows. In 2012, Intel reported that their tablet program improved productivity for about 19,000 of their employees by an average of 57 minutes a day. In October 2012, display screen shipments for tablets began surpassing shipments for laptop display screens. Tablets became increasingly used in the construction industry to look at blueprints, field documentation and other relevant information on the device instead of carrying around large amounts of paper. Time described the product's popularity as a "global tablet craze" in a November 2012 article.
As of the start of 2014, 44% of US online consumers owned tablets, a significant jump from 5% in 2011. Tablet use also became increasingly common among children. A 2014 survey found that mobiles were the most frequently used object for play among American children under the age of 12. Mobiles were used more often in play than video game consoles, board games, puzzles, play vehicles, blocks and dolls/action figures. Despite this, the majority of parents said that a mobile was "never" or only "sometimes" a toy. As of 2014, nearly two-thirds of American 2- to 10-year-olds have access to a tablet or e-reader. The large use of tablets by adults is as a personal internet-connected TV. A 2015 study found that a third of children under five have their own tablet device.
After a fast rise in sales during the early 2010s, the tablet market had plateaued in 2015 and by Q3 2018 sales had declined by 35% from its Q3 2014 peak. In spite of this, tablet sales worldwide had surpassed sales of desktop computers in 2017, and worldwide PC sales were flat for the first quarter of 2018. In 2020 the tablet market saw a large surge in sales with 164 million tablet units being shipped worldwide due to a large demand for work from home and online learning.
2010 to 2014 figures are estimated by Gartner. 2014 to 2021 figures are estimated by IDC.
By manufacturer
By operating system
According to a survey conducted by the Online Publishers Association (OPA) now called Digital Content Next (DCN) in March 2012, it found that 72% of tablet owners had an iPad, while 32% had an Android tablet. By 2012, Android tablet adoption had increased. 52% of tablet owners owned an iPad, while 51% owned an Android-powered tablet (percentages do not add up to 100% because some tablet owners own more than one type). By end of 2013, Android's market share rose to 61.9%, followed by iOS at 36%. By late 2014, Android's market share rose to 72%, followed by iOS at 22.3% and Windows at 5.7%. As of early 2016, Android has 65% marketshare, Apple has 26% and Windows has 9% marketshare. In Q1 2018, Android tablets had 62% of the market, Apple's iOS had 23.4% of the market and Windows 10 had 14.6% of the market.
Source: Strategy Analytics
Use
Sleep
The blue wavelength of light from back-lit tablets may impact one's ability to fall asleep when reading at night, through the suppression of melatonin. Experts at Harvard Medical School suggest limiting tablets for reading use in the evening. Those who have a delayed body clock, such as teenagers, which makes them prone to stay up late in the evening and sleep later in the morning, may be at particular risk for increases in sleep deficiencies. A PC app such as F.lux and Android apps such as CF.lumen and Twilight attempt to decrease the impact on sleep by filtering blue wavelengths from the display. iOS 9.3 includes Night Shift that shifts the colors of the device's display to be warmer during the later hours.
By plane
Because of, among other things, electromagnetic waves emitted by this type of device, the use of any type of electronic device during the take-off and landing phases was totally prohibited on board commercial flights. On November 13, 2013, the European Aviation Safety Agency (EASA) announced that the use of mobile terminals could be authorized on the flights of European airlines during these phases from 2014 onwards, on the condition that the cellular functions are deactivated ("airplane" mode activated). In September 2014, EASA issued guidance that allows EU airlines to permit use of tablets, e-readers, smartphones, and other portable electronic devices to stay on without the need to be in airplane mode during all parts of EU flights; however, each airline has to decide to allow this behavior. In the US, the Federal Aviation Administration allowed use of portable electronic devices during all parts of flights while in airplane mode in late 2013.
Tourism
Some French historical monuments are equipped with digital tactile tablets called "HistoPad". It is an application integrated with an iPad Mini offering an interaction in augmented and virtual reality with several pieces of the visit, the visitor being able to take control of their visit in an interactive and personalized way.
Professional use for specific sectors
Some professionals – for example, in the construction industry, insurance experts, lifeguards or surveyors – use so-called rugged shelf models in the field that can withstand extreme hot or cold shocks or climatic environments. Some units are hardened against drops and screen breakage. Satellite-connectivity-equipped tablets such as the Thorium X, for example, can be used in areas where there is no other connectivity. This is a valuable feature in the aeronautical and military realms. For example, United States Army helicopter pilots are moving to tablets as electronic flight bags, which confer the advantages of rapid, convenient synchronization of large groups of users, and the seamless updating of information. US Army chaplains who are deployed in the field with the troops cite the accessibility of Army regulations, field manuals, and other critical information to help with their services; however, power generation, speakers, and a tablet rucksack are also necessary for the chaplains.
See also
Comparison of tablet computers
History of tablet computers
Lists of mobile computers
Mobile device
References
External links
American inventions
Classes of computers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tablet%20computer |
David Mason (born December 11, 1954) is an American writer and the former Poet Laureate of Colorado.
Life
David Mason was born and raised in Bellingham, Washington. He studied briefly at the Colorado College, but left after one year to work as a fisherman in Alaska. He returned to the college to earn his B.A. in 1978. Mason and then-wife, Jonna Heinrich, moved to Rochester, New York, where he worked as a gardener. In 1980 they went to Greece, where they lived for just over a year in Kardamyli, Greece, in the Mani district of southernmost part of the Peloponnesus. While living there he became a friend of the British travel author and war hero, Patrick Leigh Fermor. Mason returned to the United States when he was hired to write the screenplay for a film based on a novel he had written. In the end the film was canceled when the production company closed its film division.
After a part-time teaching stint at Colorado College, he began studying at the University of Rochester under Anthony Hecht. His first marriage ended, and in 1988 he married Scottish photojournalist Anne Lennox. He received his doctorate from The University of Rochester and moved to Moorhead, Minnesota, where he taught at Minnesota State University Moorhead for ten years. In 1994, Mason was named the Minnesota Outstanding Professor of the Year. Mason spent the academic year of 1996–97 in Greece on a Fulbright fellowship, where he continued to perfect his Greek, meet Greek intellectuals and writers, translate and write, and visit old places from 16 years earlier. In 1998, Mason returned to his alma mater, Colorado College, where he now co-directs the Creative Writing program. In 2010 Mason was named Colorado Poet Laureate, for a four-year term ending in the summer of 2014. He and wife Anne Lennox lived in Colorado Springs, Colorado until the marriage ended in 2012. Currently he lives in Manitou Springs, Colorado with his wife, Australian poet Cally Conan-Davies. The post of Colorado Poet Laureate comes with a small stipend and an expectation of ten public appearances in the state each of the four years in the term, but Mason chose to greatly expand on those expectations, attempting to visit all 64 counties of the state during his term in order to share poetry in public appearances. Mason and Conan-Davies moved to Australia in 2018.
Work
David Mason's collections of poems include The Buried Houses (winner of the Nicholas Roerich Poetry Prize) and The Country I Remember (winner of the Alice Fay Di Castagnola Award). He is coeditor of four major anthologies and has authored dozens of poems, essays, reviews, translations, stories and memoirs. An advisory editor at the Hudson Review, the Sewanee Review and Divide, Mason's work can be found in such periodicals as The New Yorker, Harper's, The Nation, The New Republic, The New York Times, The Times Literary Supplement, Poetry, Agenda, Modern Poetry in Translation, The New Criterion, Yale Review, The Hudson Review, The American Scholar, The Irish Times, and The Southern Review.
A collection of his work "Sea Salt: Poems of a Decade, 2004–2014" was published in 2014 by Red Hen Press, followed in 2018 by "The Sound: new and Selected Poems" and in 2022 by "Pacific Light."
Ludlow
David Mason is especially noted for his historical novel in verse, Ludlow, about the Ludlow Massacre in Ludlow, Colorado, on April 20, 1914. Mason's personal connections to the event include a great-grandfather, George Mason, settled in Huerfano County in the late 19th century and ran, in Mason's words, "one of the notorious 'company stores' that cheated the miners near Ludlow." An additional connection to a different part of Colorado is that Mason's maternal grandfather, a coal miner turned physician, is remembered in Grand Junction as the "last of the horse-and-buggy-doctors." Mason adapted Ludlow into an opera in partnership with composer, Lori Laitman, which was scheduled to run at Opera Colorado in 2014, but was cut when the company's schedule was reduced for economic reasons.
Bibliography
Books
"Incarnation and Metamorphosis: Can Literature Change Us?" Paul Dry Books, 2023.
"Pacific Light". Red Hen Press 2022.
"The Sound: New and Selected Poems". Red HenPress, 2018.
Voices, Places: Essays. Philadelphia, PA: Paul Dry Books, 2018.
Davey McGravy: Tales to be Read Aloud to Children and Adult Children. Illustrated by Grant Silverstein. Philadelphia, PA: Paul Dry Books, 2015.
Sea Salt: Poems of a Decade, 2004–2014, 2014.
"The Scarlet Libretto." Red Hen Press, 2012.
Essays by David Mason: Two Minds of a Western Poet. University of Michigan Press, 2011.
News from the Village. Los Angeles, CA: Red Hen Press, 2010.
Ludlow. Los Angeles, CA: Red Hen Press, 2007. Second edition 2010.
Arrivals. Ashland, OR: Story Line Press, 2004.
The Poetry of Life and the Life of Poetry. Story Line Press, 2000.
The Country I Remember. Ashland, OR: Story Line Press, 1996.
Edited
Twentieth Century American Poetry. With Dana Gioia and Meg Schoerke. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2004.
Twentieth Century American Poetics: Poets on the Art of Poetry. With Dana Gioia and Meg Schoerke. New York: McGraw-Hill, 2004.
Western Wind: An Introduction to Poetry. With John Frederick Nims. New York: McGraw-Hill. 5th ed. 2005.
Rebel Angels: 25 Poets of the New Formalism. With Mark Jarman. Ashland, OR: Story Line Press, 1996. Second printing 1998.
Criticism About
“David Mason and the Human Place.” by Andrew Frisardi. Contemporary Poetry Review. March 6, 2008.
David Mason: A Critical Introduction. by Gregory Dowling. Story Line Press, 2013. Expanded edition published in 2023.
References
External links
Bio on Colorado Poets Center
Profile of David Mason on PBS Newshour
1954 births
Living people
20th-century American poets
Formalist poets
Poets Laureate of Colorado
21st-century American poets
Poets from Colorado
20th-century American essayists
21st-century American essayists
Fulbright alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Mason%20%28writer%29 |
East Grinstead was a parliamentary constituency in the Kingdom of England, the Kingdom of Great Britain, and the United Kingdom. It first existed as a Parliamentary borough from 1307, returning two Members of Parliament to the House of Commons elected by the bloc vote system. The borough was disfranchised under the Reform Act 1832, but the name was revived at the 1885 election when the Redistribution of Seats Act created a new single-member county division of the same name.
Upon its abolition for the 1983 election, its territory was divided between Mid Sussex and Wealden.
Boundaries
1885–1918: The Sessional Divisions of Cuckfield (except the parish of Crawley), East Grinstead, and Uckfield (except the parishes of East Heathley and Waldron).
1918–1950: The Urban Districts of Burgess Hill, Cuckfield, East Grinstead, Hayward's Heath, and Uckfield, and the Rural Districts of Cuckfield, East Grinstead, and Uckfield.
1950–1955: The Urban Districts of Cuckfield and East Grinstead, the Rural District of Uckfield, in the Rural District of Cuckfield the parishes of Ardingly, Balcombe, Bolney, Cuckfield Rural, Horsted Keynes, Lindfield Rural, Slaugham, West Hoathly, and Worth, and in the Rural District of Battle the parishes of Burwash, Etchingham, and Ticehurst.
1955–1974: As 1950 less the Battle RD parishes.
1974–1983: The Urban District of East Grinstead, and the Rural District of Uckfield.
Members of Parliament
MPs 1307–1660
MPs 1660–1832
Constituency abolished (1832)
MPs 1885–1983
Constituency revived (1885)
Elections
Elections in the 1880s
Elections in the 1890s
Elections in the 1900s
Elections in the 1910s
General Election 1914–15:
Another General Election was required to take place before the end of 1915. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place and by the July 1914, the following candidates had been selected;
Unionist: Henry Cautley
Liberal: Richard Arthur Austen-Leigh
Elections in the 1920s
Elections in the 1930s
Liberal candidate Lewis R. Jones withdrew at the last minute.
General Election 1939–40:
Another General Election was required to take place before the end of 1940. The political parties had been making preparations for an election to take place and by the Autumn of 1939, the following candidates had been selected;
Conservative: Ralph Clarke
Liberal: William Cavendish Searle
Elections in the 1940s
Elections in the 1950s
Elections in the 1960s
Elections in the 1970s
References
Election results, 1950 - 1979
Further reading
Parliamentary constituencies in South East England (historic)
Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom established in 1307
Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom disestablished in 1832
Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom established in 1885
Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom disestablished in 1983
Rotten boroughs
East Grinstead | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East%20Grinstead%20%28UK%20Parliament%20constituency%29 |
Jeffrey Adams (born November 15, 1970, in Mississauga, Ontario) is a Canadian lawyer, and a former Paralympian, a six-time world champion in wheelchair sports.
Competitive racing
Adams competed at six consecutive Summer Paralympics from 1988 to 2008, winning a total of three gold, four silver, and six bronze medals. At the 1988 Summer Paralympics he won two bronze medals, one in the 800m race and one in the 1500m race. Four years later at the Barcelona Games he won two silvers, one in the 800m race and one as part of the 4 × 400 m relay. At the 1996 Summer Paralympics he won gold in the 800 m, silver in the 400 m, and bronze in the 4×400 m relay. Four years later, at the Sydney games, he won five medals, a gold in the 800 m and 1500 m, a silver in the 400 m and a bronze in the 5000 m and 4x100 m. At the 2004 Paralympics he won a bronze in the 400 m race. Adams was coached by Peter Eriksson.
Post-competition
In 2002, Adams ascended the 1,776 steps of the CN Tower in a specially-designed wheelchair; in 2004, he climbed the Acropolis.
In March 2010, he was a torchbearer during the 2010 Winter Paralympics torch relay.
In 2012 Adams was part of the broadcast crew on Channel 4's coverage of the 2012 Summer Paralympics in London.
Adams is additionally a motivational speaker.
He is an inductee into the Canadian Disability Hall of Fame (1997, then the Terry Fox Hall of Fame), and Canada's Sports Hall of Fame (2018).
Personal life
Adams underwent radiation therapy for cancer as a child, and aftermath of the treatment led to a spinal injury at age 9 that paralysed him. After retiring from competition, Adams and business partner Christian Bagg co-launched Marvel Wheelchairs with Cervélo Cycles, producing adjustable wheelchairs for everyday use. After Cervélo was unable to secure bridge financing for debt to suppliers, Marvel was taken over and unsuccessful attempts were made to sell it by Cervélo. Cervélo was taken over by PON, and Adams and Bagg launched a new company making wheelchairs called ICON in 2010. An appearance on the CBC reality show Dragons' Den led to a new partnership with a manufacturer, Multimatic, to produce the wheelchairs designed by ICON.
Through much of his career, Adams lived in Brampton, Ontario.
References
External links
Jeff Adams pitches on Dragons' Den
Speaker's Spotlight
National Speakers Bureau
"After dominating the track, Jeff Adams keeps pushing boundaries of excellence" episode of Beyond the Win, CBC Sports, May 18, 2021.
1970 births
Living people
People with paraplegia
Canadian male wheelchair racers
Paralympic track and field athletes for Canada
Athletes (track and field) at the 1988 Summer Paralympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1992 Summer Paralympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1996 Summer Paralympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2000 Summer Paralympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2004 Summer Paralympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2008 Summer Paralympics
Paralympic gold medalists for Canada
Paralympic silver medalists for Canada
Paralympic bronze medalists for Canada
Canadian Disability Hall of Fame
Wheelchair racers at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Wheelchair racers at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Wheelchair racers at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Paralympic wheelchair racers
Medalists at the 1988 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 1992 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 1996 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Paralympics
Medalists at the 2004 Summer Paralympics
Commonwealth Games medallists in athletics
Commonwealth Games gold medallists for Canada
Athletes (track and field) at the 1994 Commonwealth Games
Paralympic medalists in athletics (track and field)
Medallists at the 1994 Commonwealth Games | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff%20Adams |
Gary Bleasdale (born in Liverpool, Lancashire in 1962) is an English actor. Bleasdale has appeared in many television programmes since 1978 when his first role was playing the lead in an episode of the final series of Z-Cars. He played Kevin Dean in The Black Stuff (1978), and its sequel Boys From the Black Stuff, (1982). He was a regular on The Harry Enfield Show for ten years playing one of The Scousers. He has also appeared in Casualty, Roger Roger, The Bill and many other UK television dramas. He played the Sheriff's sergeant in the 2006 BBC adaptation of Robin Hood. Bleasdale played a brute in 'On The Ledge', at The Royal Court Liverpool in April/May 2008 and Terry in 'Lost Soul' at The Royal Court in September 2008. He also had a part as a bar patron in the Ouroboros episode of the BBC TV series Red Dwarf.
As a playwright he has written three radio plays for BBC Radio 4. His second radio play, A Song For Edmond Shakespeare, was shortlisted to be nominated for a Sony Radio Award in 2006. His most recent radio play, Eight Frames a Second, is a dramatised account of the life of the early cinema pioneer and inventor, William Friese-Greene.
External links
1962 births
Living people
English male television actors
Male actors from Liverpool
English dramatists and playwrights
English male dramatists and playwrights | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary%20Bleasdale |
Cambridgeshire is a former Parliamentary constituency in the United Kingdom. It was a constituency represented by two Members of Parliament in the House of Commons of the Parliament of England then in the Parliament of Great Britain from 1707 to 1800 and in the Parliament of the United Kingdom from 1801 to 1832, when its representation was increased to three until it was abolished in 1885.
It was reconstituted as a single-member seat in 1918 and abolished once again in 1983.
History
The county was represented by two Knights of the Shire until 1832, when the number of members was increased to three by the Great Reform Act. Under the Redistribution of Seats Act 1885, the constituency was abolished and was divided into three single-member constituencies: the Western or Chesterton Division, the Eastern or Newmarket Division and the Northern or Wisbech Division.
Under the Local Government Act 1888, the historic county of Cambridgeshire was divided between the administrative counties of Cambridgeshire and Isle of Ely. When the parliamentary constituencies were next redistributed under the Representation of the People Act 1918, Cambridgeshire was re-constituted as a single-member Parliamentary County, largely formed from combining the Chesterton Division (excluding areas that were now part of the expanded Municipal Borough of Cambridge) and the Newmarket Division (excluding the city of Ely which was included in the Parliamentary County of Isle of Ely).
The administrative counties of Cambridgeshire and Isle of Ely had been recombined in 1965 and Cambridgeshire was further expanded in 1974 to include Huntingdon and Peterborough under the Local Government Act 1972. Under the subsequent redistribution of seats, which did not come into effect until the 1983 general election, Cambridgeshire was abolished as a county constituency, forming the bulk of the new constituency of South East Cambridgeshire and the majority of South West Cambridgeshire.
Boundaries
Prior to 1885
1290–1653, 1658-1885: The historic county of Cambridgeshire. (Although Cambridgeshire contained the borough of Cambridge, which elected two MPs in its own right, this was not excluded from the county constituency, and owning property within the borough could confer a vote at the county election. In the elections of 1830 and 1831, about an eighth of the votes cast for the county came from within Cambridge itself. The city of Ely also elected its own MPs in 1295.)
1654–1658: The historic county was divided for the First and the Second Protectorate Parliaments, between the two-member Isle of Ely area and the four-member constituency consisting of the rest of the county.
1918–1983
The administrative county of Cambridgeshire, excluding the Municipal Borough of Cambridge.
There were minor boundary changes in 1950, when some of the constituency was transferred to the Cambridge seat, which was expanded to align with the Municipal Borough, and in 1974, to align with changes to the county boundary.
Members of Parliament
Constituency created (1290)
MPs 1290-1660
MPs 1660-1832
MPs 1832–1885
MPs 1918-1983
Elections
Elections in the 1970s
Elections in the 1960s
Elections in the 1950s
Elections in the 1940s
Elections in the 1930s
Elections in the 1920s
Elections in the 1910s
Elections in the 1880s
Caused by Brand's elevation to the peerage, becoming Viscount Hampden.
Caused by Rodwell's resignation.
Elections in the 1870s
Caused by Yorke's death.
Caused by Manners' death.
Caused by Yorke's succession to the peerage, becoming Earl of Hardwicke.
Elections in the 1860s
Caused by Yorke's appointment as Comptroller of the Household.
Caused by Ball's resignation.
Elections in the 1850s
Elections in the 1840s
Elections in the 1830s
Caused by Osborne's resignation
See also
Parliamentary representation from Cambridgeshire
List of former United Kingdom Parliament constituencies
Unreformed House of Commons
References
Boundaries of Parliamentary Constituencies 1885-1972, compiled and edited by F.W.S. Craig (Parliamentary Reference Publications 1972)
British Parliamentary Constituencies: A Statistical Compendium, by Ivor Crewe and Anthony Fox (Faber and Faber 1984)
John Cannon, Parliamentary Representation 1832 - England and Wales (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1973)
Parliamentary constituencies in Cambridgeshire (historic)
Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom established in 1290
Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom disestablished in 1885
Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom established in 1918
Constituencies of the Parliament of the United Kingdom disestablished in 1983 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridgeshire%20%28UK%20Parliament%20constituency%29 |
Wayne Pride (born 29 June 1943) is an Australian country music and memory lane musician, who started his career in 1959 as a vocalist and guitarist in Sydney, Australia. He has toured with Charley Pride and Buddy Williams, made over 100 television appearances. Pride won the 'Best Entertainer' category at the Western Australian Country Music Awards in 1986, 1989 and 1991. He was the opening act for Don Williams in early 2004. Later in 2004 Pride travelled to the United States to meet Dwight Peters, together they wrote "Smoky Mountain Memories". He returned to the US in 2008 to continue his work with Peters. Pride has performed with Willie Nelson.
Biography
Wayne Pride was born on 29 June 1943 and started his musical career in Sydney in 1959. Since 1964, Pride has idolised US country artist, Roger Miller, he worked with Miller's brothers Duane and Wendell to create a tribute show. He has written a book, Three Little Boys on the brothers. He performed the tribute show, Hero, from November 2009. He won the 'Best Entertainer' category at the Western Australian Country Music Awards in 1986, 1989 and 1991.
Discography
TV Appearances
TVW 7 (1965–2000) Includes Perth Telethon, In Perth Tonight, Turpie Tonight
Nine Network Appealathon: 9
GWN: Telehelp
NWS9: Woodie's Teen Time 1961
NWS9: Reg Lindsay's C&W Hour Adelaide Several Appearances
Nine Network: Pad 9 1965
Radio Interviews
Curtin Radio Perth
6EBA Perth
ABC Radio Australia 720 Perth: Earl Reeve Country Music Show
Notes
References
1943 births
Living people
Australian country guitarists
Australian male guitarists
Australian country singers
Australian male singers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wayne%20Pride |
Oxygen transmission rate (OTR) is the measurement of the amount of oxygen gas that passes through a substance over a given period. It is mostly carried out on non-porous materials, where the mode of transport is diffusion, but there are a growing number of applications where the transmission rate also depends on flow through apertures of some description.
It relates to the permeation of oxygen through packaging to sensitive foods and pharmaceuticals.
Measurement
Standard test methods are available for measuring the oxygen transmission rate of packaging materials. Completed packages, however, involve heat seals, creases, joints, and closures which often reduce the effective barrier of the package. For example, the glass of a glass bottle may have an effective total barrier but the screw cap closure and the closure liner might not.
ASTM standard test methods include:
F3136 Standard Test Method for Oxygen Gas Transmission Rate through Plastic Film and Sheeting using a Dynamic Accumulation Method
D3985 Standard Test Method for Oxygen Gas Transmission Rate Through Plastic Film and Sheeting Using a Coulometric Sensor
F1307 Standard Test Method for Oxygen Transmission Rate Through Dry Packages Using a Coulometric Sensor
F1927 Standard Test Method for Determination of Oxygen Gas Transmission Rate, Permeability and Permeance at Controlled Relative Humidity Through Barrier Materials Using a Coulometric Detector
F2622 Standard Test Method for Oxygen Gas Transmission Rate Through Plastic Film and Sheeting Using Various Sensors
Other test methods include:
The ambient oxygen ingress rate method (AOIR) an alternative method for measuring the oxygen transmission rates (OTR) of whole packages
Wine
Also a factor of increasing awareness in the debate surrounding wine closures, natural corks show small variation in their oxygen transmission rate, which in turn translates to a degree of bottle variation.
See also
Moisture vapor transmission rate
Permeation
Shelf life
Oxygen scavenger
References
Yam, K. L., "Encyclopedia of Packaging Technology", John Wiley & Sons, 2009,
Massey,L K, "Permeability Properties of Plastics and Elastomers", 2003, Andrew Publishing,
Sanghyun Lee "Mass Transfer" Konkuk University, 2017
Hanne Larsen, Achim Kohlr and Ellen Merethe Magnus, "Ambient oxygen ingress rate method", John Wilew & Sons, Packaging Technology and Science, Volume 13 Issue 6, Pages 233 - 241
Footnotes
Packaging
Temporal rates | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxygen%20transmission%20rate |
Matthew Head (born 2 November 1975 in Victoria, Australia) is a former Australian rules football field umpire (Australian rules football) in the Australian Football League (AFL).
Head attended Marcellin College, Bulleen, and started umpiring in the VAFA, progressing through the U/18 TAC Cup, VFL and AFL Reserve Grade Competition and was appointed to the 1999 Reserves Grand Final.
Head umpired 144 AFL games from 2001 to 2008. He made his debut in Round 5, 2001, when Geelong played Port Adelaide at Kardinia Park, and his final match was in Round 22, 2008, when Essendon played St Kilda at Marvel Stadium. Head wore shirt #16 for his entire career and is heritage number 386. He was known as an excellent bouncer of the football but cited a back injury from bouncing as a reason for his retirement.
Head umpired a number of notable games, including a classic Essendon–West Coast game at Marvel Stadium in Round 3, 2004, where James Hird kicked the winning goal and celebrated by hugging a member of the crowd. Earlier in the week, on The Footy Show, Hird criticised an umpire and volunteered to pay a $20,000 fine.
Head is perhaps best known as the field umpire who was investigated after it was reported by Channel 9 newsreader Tony Jones that he made the comment "now l know what it feels like to have a victory" whilst boarding an aeroplane following a Fremantle–St Kilda match at Subiaco Oval in Round 21, 2005. In the lead-up to the game, St Kilda coach Grant Thomas was fined $20,000 for making disparaging comments about umpires. The game ended controversially with Fremantle winning by kicking a goal after the siren; this followed a number of earlier umpiring decisions that resulted in goals to Fremantle. Head was later cleared of any wrongdoing. In 2020, Head broke his silence and recalled the infamous night in an interview with Tony Jones as an SEN exclusive. The incident is considered one of the most controversial in the history of AFL umpiring.
Nowadays, Head can be found on his Twitter handle, @MattHead16_, commenting on current umpiring decisions, and is often sourced on television and radio.
References
1975 births
Living people
Australian Football League umpires
People educated at Marcellin College, Bulleen | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Matthew%20Head |
The Battle of Kizil-tepe (Turkish: Kızıltepe Muharebresi) was fought on August 25, 1877, between the Russian Empire and the Ottoman Empire. The Russian were attempting to besiege Kars. The Ottomans, vastly superior in numbers, successfully lifted the siege.
Notes
References
Barry, Quentin (2012). War in the East: a Military History of the Russo-Turkish War 1877-78. West Midlands: Helion and Company. .
Harbottle, T.B. (2018). Dictionary of Battles From the Earliest Date to the Present Time. Franklin Classics. ISBN 9780341839699.
Jaques, T. (2006). Dictionary of battles and sieges [3 volumes]: A guide to 8,500 battles from antiquity through the twenty-first century. Westport, CT: Greenwood Press. ISBN 9780313335365.
Battles of the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)
Sieges involving Russia
Sieges involving the Ottoman Empire
Battles involving the Ottoman Empire
1877 in the Ottoman Empire
History of Kars Province
Battles in 1877
August 1877 events | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20K%C4%B1z%C4%B1l%20Tepe |
A Contracting Officer's Technical Representative (COTR) is a business communications liaison between the United States government and a private contractor. The COTR is normally a federal or state employee who is responsible for recommending actions and expenditures for both standard delivery orders and task orders, and those that fall outside of the normal business practices of its supporting contractors and sub-contractors. Most COTRs have experience in the technical area (e.g., electronics, chemistry, public health, etc.) that is critical to the success of translating government requirements into technical requirements that can be included in government acquisition documents for potential contractor to bid and execute that work. A COTR must be designated by a Contracting Officer (CO). The CO has the actual authority to enter into, administer, and/or terminate contracts and make related determinations and findings. Other terms for COTR include Contracting Officer's Representative (COR) and Project Officer (PO). The terminology may be agency specific.
Responsibilities
The Contracting Officer's Technical Representative is responsible for monitoring the contractor's progress in fulfilling the technical requirements specified in the contract. Should the contractor fail to fulfill the contractual requirements, the COTR must inform the CO of such failure. The COTR maintains administration records, approves invoices and performs quarterly monitoring reports to confirm the contractor is meeting the terms and conditions under the contract.
There are limits to the authority delegated to the COTR from the CO. The COTR is not authorized to make any commitments or obligations on behalf of the government, the CO is the only authorized authority that can commit or obligate on behalf of the government. The COTR may not grant the contractor permission to deviate from the requirements stated in the contract, nor direct the contractor to perform any work outside that stated in the contract, these actions can only be done by the CO.
Training requirements
On November 26, 2007 the Office of Management and Budget, issued a memorandum which established a standardized training program for Contracting Officer's Technical Representatives. The program was developed by the Federal Acquisition Institute in coordination with all executive agencies. The program applies to all Technical Representatives except those subject to Defense Acquisition Workforce Improvement Act. All Technical Representatives appointed after November 26, 2007 must be certified no later than six months from their date of appointment. Technical Representatives who received their appointment before November 26, 2007 must ensure that training is obtained, and they are recertified no later than 12 months from the effective date of the memorandum
The COTR must have a minimum of 40 hours of training, including 22 hours of training in essential COTR competencies. The COTR competencies include project management, decision making, market research, problem solving and negotiations. The remaining 18 hours of training should include courses relating to the specific needs of the agency and program office. Once the COTR receives their certification they are required to earn 40 continuous learning points every two years thereafter.
See also
Federal Acquisition Regulation
Resource Allocation
Schedule (project management)
References
External links
Federal Acquisition Institute
DoD COR Guidebook
DODI 5700.72 DOD Standard for COR certification
DAU COR222 Student Guide Book
Federal government of the United States
Occupations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Contracting%20Officer%27s%20Technical%20Representative |
Gerald Guterman is an international real estate developer and investor. He is one of the largest multi-family apartment owner/operators (78,000+- apartments) and condominium converters in the United States, converting through 2017, 16,028 rental apartments to cooperative and condominium ownership throughout the United States. He also served as Operations Adviser to the Minister of Privatization, Government of Romania; Chairman, Committee on Romanian Banking & Finance Operations, United States Center for Strategic and International Studies, Washington, DC;
Co-Chairman, Committee for Romanian Enterprise Development and Operations, United States Center for Strategic and International Studies, Washington, DC; Operations Advisor to the Interior Minister, Government of Austria; Operations and Financial Advisor to the President, Government of Romania.
He is currently the chairman and CEO of Guterman Partners, LLC.
Gerald Guterman was born on June 13, 1942. He began a career in real estate at the age of 18 as a night porter for Fred Trump, father of famed developer Donald Trump. The Brooklyn-born son of a beverage wholesaler, Guterman amassed a fortune with over 18,600 rental apartments purchased for his own account as well as an additional 16,028 apartments which he purchased and converted to condominium and co-ops in sixteen states and separately, operated more than 60,000 rental apartments in fourteen states for unaffiliated, third-party owners. Guterman also purchased, rehabilitated and resold 605 single family houses in 7 states and purchased and operated more than 3,250,000 net rentable square feet of office properties in eight states, as well as large-scale housing and commercial developments throughout the United States, Europe and the Middle East.
Beginning in the 1980s, he became one of the largest owner/operators and property managers in the United States, owning and operating over 18,600 rental apartments in 55 residential communities for his own long term interests, together with an additional 16,000 apartments which he purchased and operated for condominium and cooperative conversion in 21 residential communities in sixteen states. He also operated more than 60,000 apartments in over 250 third party owned rental communities nationwide.
Guterman's companies were also the original builder/developer of Roosevelt Island's residential housing as well as the developer of Harris Branch, the 1808 acre planned unit development in Austin, Texas and several developments in Europe and the Middle East.
Additionally and in order to enhance is firm's construction capabilities, Guterman acquired two nationwide construction companies known as the Titan Group, Ltd and Sovereign Construction Co. Ltd. Historical projects include:
New York's Roosevelt Island Development and Housing, New York, New York.
United States Gold Depository, Fort Knox, Kentucky,
United States Military Academy, West Point, New York
Cleveland Hopkins Airport, Cleveland, Ohio,
Beginning in the 1990s through 2016, Guterman planned, organized and directly negotiated the acquisition of the largest single, direct purchase of office properties (Patriot American Investors) in the history of The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation, hereafter known as Mack-Cali Real Estate Investment Trust as well as thirty-one multiple tenant office buildings containing more than 3,250,000 net rentable square feet of office space located in Eight States
Additionally, during the same period in the 1990s, Guterman also directly negotiated and completed the purchase of the original hotel properties together known as the “Patriot American Hospitality Portfolio” from The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (“FDIC”). Thereafter known as Wyndham Hotels and Resorts.
Through 2016, Guterman has also acquired 14 luxury hotels containing approximately 2,366 keys, located in New York, New Orleans, London, Europe and the Middle East, as well the purchasing the only magnetic monorail system in the United States.
Guterman continues to develop condominium housing, with recent communities in Chicago, Illinois; Fort Myers, Florida; Fort Pierce, Florida; Naples, Florida; Ocean Springs, Mississippi; Biloxi, Mississippi; St. Paul, Minnesota and Phoenix, Arizona and Houston, Texas
A bar mitzvah aboard the QE2
In September 1986, Guterman drew media attention when he chartered the famed ocean liner Queen Elizabeth 2 along with a crew of over 1,000, for his 13-year-old son's bar mitzvah party. Although the QE2 had been chartered for cruises by corporations, the Guterman family party was a first of its kind, said a spokesman for the Cunard line. The guests were mostly relatives, friends and neighbors of Gutermans who lived in Bedford, N.Y., in Westchester County, or friends of the children from camp or school. In attendance were numerous politicians and real estate figures including New York City Council, President Andrew J. Stein, Comptroller Harrison J. Goldin. The ship set sail at 6 p.m. though helicopters continued to touch down on the sports deck to drop off late-comers, including Ivan F. Boesky, the stock and investment speculator. When asked about the cruise in a recent interview for his upcoming biography, Guterman remarks that he maintains mixed feelings about the event. "On the one hand, it was a fantastic and extraordinary celebration for my family. As a father, I was proud of my children and wanted to give them the things I never had growing up as a poor kid in Brooklyn. On the other hand, when you wind up on the front page Leisure Section of New York Times, you leave yourself open for backlash, especially in those rare times of financial struggle."
The Guterman Collection
Beginning in the 1970s, Guterman acquired a collection of 17th-century, Dutch and Flemish Old Master paintings. The collection was referred to by experts as one of the very best in America. The paintings were housed in a gallery (created in the image of Manhattan's famous Frick Gallery) in a wing of Guterman's Bedford Estate. Artists in Guterman's collection included Rembrandt, Renoir, Barent Fabritius, Solomon van Ruysdael, Frans Hals, Hendrick Avercamp, Jan Lievens, Govaert Flinck, and Jan van Goyen, to name a few.
1988 tax law reversal
In 1988, a new tax law eliminated the tax shelter aspect of the co-op conversion model, making them less desirable and resulting in heavy financial setbacks for Guterman and his Companies. Having already taken financial losses in the "Black Monday" stock market crash of 1987, Guterman placed his Stanhope Hotel (purchased in 1985 for $19,600,000) into Chapter 11 and immediately sold the hotel to Tobishima (a property company from Japan) for over $76,000,000.
Further setbacks were created by a divorce decree that forced Guterman to sell his renowned art collection, considered at the time to be the most valuable such selection of Old Master paintings ever auctioned in New York. While the sale of Guterman's paintings brought "the highest total ever for an Old Master sale in America" and set 11 artist's records for price, to some it was disappointing.
Describing the buying as "very selective", John L. Marion, Sotheby's chairman, said: "On the one hand, it is the highest total ever for an Old Master sale in America and there were 11 artist's records set. On the other hand, you could observe the fact that there was little or no bidding from dealers. I think this means these were not the kind of pictures they buy for stock."
Guterman's active support of some New York politicians, such as Ed Koch and Comptroller Harrison J. Goldin also brought repeated scrutiny from the New York news media. A new law was passed in 1988 that limited private campaign contributions and drew scrutiny to both Donald Trump and Gerald Guterman. While their contributions were discussed at the hearings, the new law did not prohibit their practices that drew so much attention:
For example, the developer Donald Trump told the commission that in 1985 he spread tens of thousands of dollars in contributions to City Council President Andrew J. Stein among 18 subsidiary companies to skirt the state's limits of $50,000 for individual and $5,000 for corporate contributions. Another developer, Gerald Guterman, contributed $100,000 in one month to Mr. Goldin by parceling the gifts among 21 companies.
The Patriot deal drew criticism from congress in a report that called the RTC model for disposing of savings and loan properties in bulk "wasteful" and "uncompetitive." Further, the report criticized the RTC for negotiating with Guterman while he was under investigation, though it was also noted that Guterman had been falsely accused and that all charges had been withdrawn or dismissed.
Trusteeships and charitable participation
Guterman served as a trustee of The Metropolitan Museum of Art, Adelphi University, New York City Opera, Dallas Opera, Young Men's Philanthropic League, Rippowam Cisqua School, and Harvey School. He also served as a commissioner of the United States Romania Action Commission under the sponsorship of the United States Center for Strategic and International Studies, as well as Chairman of its banking and financing committees. Guterman served as personal financial advisor to the Minister of Privatization, Government of Romania.
Guterman is a founder of Albert Einstein College of Medicine as well as a member of the Society of Founders of Miami University College of Medicine He was awarded "Humanitarian of the Year" by the Juvenile Diabetes Foundation. Guterman is a founding benefactor of Research Laboratory for the Study of Tumor Cell Biology and Research Laboratory for the Study of Immunodeficiency Disease at the National Asthma Center. He also established a joint Research Chair in Medical Engineering at Harvard University and The Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
References
Further reading
Hirschman, Elizabeth C. 1990. "Secular Immortality and the American Ideology of Affluence," The Journal of Consumer Research, Vol. 17, No. 1 (Jun., 1990), pp. 31–42.
External links
Guterman Partners LLC
New York Times Article: Managing Those Occupied Apartments
New York Times Article: A King's Fall: Tax Changes Reverse Rise Of Developer
New York Times Article: Guterman's Troubles Jolt Client Co-ops
Living people
Adelphi University people
American Jews
American real estate businesspeople
Businesspeople from New York City
Year of birth missing (living people) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gerald%20Guterman |
RNDr. Rudolf Bauer (born on September 28, 1957, in Ostrava, Czechoslovakia) was the first President of the Košice Self-governing Region (since December 19, 2001, till January 8, 2006).
He is also a former mathematician, the Mayor of the town of Košice and a deputy of the National Council of the Slovak Republic. As a member of Christian Democratic Movement he is a deputy of the Council of the Košice Self-governing Region. He is married with three children.
References
1957 births
Living people
Politicians from Ostrava
Christian Democratic Movement politicians
Conservative Democrats of Slovakia politicians
Košice
Mayors of places in Slovakia
Slovak mathematicians
Members of the National Council (Slovakia) 1998-2002
Members of the National Council (Slovakia) 2006-2010 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rudolf%20Bauer%20%28politician%29 |
Holly Hobbie & Friends is a series of American animated specials produced by Nickelodeon and American Greetings. It is the first series to star the Holly Hobbie doll, albeit redesigned from her traditional look. The specials aired on both Nickelodeon's Nick Jr. block and the separate Noggin channel.
In this incarnation of Holly Hobbie, Holly is a ten-year-old girl who forms a secret club (called the Hey Girls) with her two best friends, Amy and Carrie. Holly is the great, great granddaughter of the original Holly Hobbie character. According to American Greetings, the intention was for Holly to "look pretty much the same, but with new, contemporary colors and patterns."
The first special, "Surprise Party," premiered during the Nick Jr. block on February 10, 2006. Eight episodes were made in total. A line of merchandise was also made as a partnership between American Greetings and Nickelodeon & Viacom Consumer Products.
DVD releases for the specials were released by Paramount Home Entertainment, but later transitioned to Sony Pictures Home Entertainment.
A video game based on the series for the Nintendo DS released on October 8, 2007.
Music
The show's theme song "Twinkle in Her Eye" was performed by the country singer LeAnn Rimes.
Premise
Holly Hobbie is a 10-year-old girl from a big city. She often visits her best friends Amy Morris and Carrie Baker in a small country town called Clover. The specials feature themes like friendship, dreams, music and aspirations.
Characters
Main
Holly Hobbie (voiced by Alyson Stoner and Nicole Bouma) is a kindhearted girl with long blonde hair and blue eyes. She likes to do cartwheels and design her own clothes. Holly and her friends are part of a secret club called the Hey Girls Club. She has a cocker spaniel named Doodles.
Amy Morris (voiced by Liliana Mumy and Maryke Hendrikse) is a silly and imaginative girl with short brown hair and green eyes. She likes to daydream and ride horses. She has her own horse named Cider.
Carrie Baker (voiced by Tinashe Kachingwe and Dorla Bell) is a smart and determined African American girl with dark brown hair and brown eyes. She’s the most straight-laced and sensible of the Hey Girls, and she often acts the voice of reason.
Supporting
Kids
Robby Hobbie (voiced by Jansen Panettiere and Kelly Metzger) is Holly's 8-year-old little brother. He can be a little annoying and weird at times.
Kyle Morris (voiced by Paul Butcher and Kelly Metzger) is Amy's younger brother and Robby's best friend. He hangs out with Robby most of the time.
Devon (voiced by Kim Mai Guest) is a teenage girl and an honorary member of the Hey Girls Club. She works as a waitress at Aunt Jessie's Café. She studies the ocean in college.
Portia (voiced by Kathleen Barr) is Holly's friend in New York City. She can be a little bit bossy and snobby but she has a good heart and loves fashion.
Adults
Aunt Jessie (voiced by Rusty Schwimmer and Heather Doerksen) is Holly's aunt who runs a café. She has a cat named Bonnet.
Uncle Dave (voiced by Diedrich Bader and Brian Dobson) is Holly's uncle.
Joan Hobbie (voiced by Jane Lynch and Saffron Henderson) is Holly's mom.
Gary Hobbie (voiced by Rob Paulsen and Ian Corlett) is Holly's dad.
Jim Bidderman (voiced by Michael McShane).
Bud Morris (voiced by Bill Mumy) is Amy's dad.
Teresa Morris (voiced by Molly Hagan) is Amy's mom.
Carolyn Baker (voiced by Dawnn Lewis) is Carrie's mom.
Mayor Whitman (voiced by Maurice LaMarche) is a mayor of the country town Clover.
Andy Lieberman (voiced by Maurice LaMarche) is Uncle Dave's friend.
Episodes
Reception
The specials received positive reviews. Regina McMenomy, a researcher at Washington State University specializing in female pop culture, praised how Holly embraces her girlishness while still being a "strong, independent" thinker. In comparison, "so many [other] newer girl characters focus on power and gender equality that they've lost their femininity," said McMenomy. Writing for The World, Jacqueline Cutler said that the show keeps the "sweet spirit" of the original Holly Hobbie brand. She also said that it would connect to its target audience: "If you're a traditional little girl and love copious amounts of sugar and everything cute, then Nickelodeon's Holly Hobbie & Friends airing Monday, Nov. 13, is for you." The Dove Foundation awarded the series its "Dove Family-Approved Seal" and wrote that "Holly Hobbie is a wonderful role model for children and adults. She has a way of brightening your day."
See also
Holly Hobbie (TV series)
References
External links
Holly Hobbie & Friends on Nick.com
2000s American animated television series
2000s American children's television series
2000s American drama television series
2000s Nickelodeon original programming
2000s preschool education television series
2006 American television series debuts
2009 American television series endings
American children's animated drama television series
American preschool education television series
Animated preschool education television series
Animated television series about children
English-language television shows
Nick Jr. original programming
Anime-influenced Western animated television series | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Holly%20Hobbie%20%26%20Friends |
Carbon dioxide transmission rate (COTR) is the measurement of the amount of carbon dioxide gas that passes through a substance over a given period. It is mostly carried out on non-porous materials, where the mode of transport is diffusion, but there are a growing number of applications where the transmission rate also depends on flow through apertures of some description.
See also
Moisture vapor transmission rate
Permeation
Oxygen transmission rate
Packaging
Further reading
Yam, K. L., "Encyclopedia of Packaging Technology", John Wiley & Sons, 2009,
Massey, L. K., "Permeability Properties of Plastics and Elastomers", 2003, Andrew Publishing,
Standards
ASTM D1434 - Standard Test Method for Determining Gas Permeability Characteristics of Plastic Film and Sheeting
ASTM F1115 - Standard Test Method for Determining the Carbon Dioxide Loss of Beverage Containers
ASTM F2476 - Test Method for the Determination of Carbon Dioxide Gas Transmission Rate (Co 2TR) Through Barrier Materials Using An Infrared Detector
Packaging | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carbon%20dioxide%20transmission%20rate |
Goyder may refer to:
People
Alice Kirkby Goyder (1875–1964), English artist
George Goyder (1826–1898), Surveyor General of South Australia
Joe Goyder (1907–1986), English boxer
Mark Goyder (born 1953), English author and CEO
Richard Goyder (born 1960), Australian businessman
Margot Goyder and Ann Neville Joske née Goyder, wrote as Margot Neville
Places
Australia
Northern Territory
Electoral division of Goyder
Goyder River
Goyder crater
Hundred of Goyder (Northern Territory), a cadastral division
South Australia
Goyder, South Australia, a locality
Regional Council of Goyder
Hundred of Goyder (South Australia) a cadastral division
Electoral district of Goyder
Goyder's Line, a boundary delineating a climate zone
Goyder Highway
Goyder Lagoon | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Goyder |
Alex Arthur, (born 26 June 1978) is a Scottish former professional boxer and political candidate for the Alba Party. Competing from 2000 to 2012, he held the WBO and WBO interim super featherweight titles in 2007. At regional level, he held the British super featherweight title twice between 2002 and 2006, and the Commonwealth and EBU European super featherweight title from 2005 to 2006.
He ran as a regional candidate in the 2021 Scottish Parliament election as a member of the Alba Party, but quickly sparked controversy due to his online comments mocking travellers, an AIDS survivor, and spreading COVID-19 misinformation.
Professional Boxing Career
Early professional career
Arthur had his first professional contest in November 2000 when he defeated fellow debutant Richmond Asante at the Wythenshawe forum in Manchester. Also on the card that day were fighters of the quality of Anthony Farnell, Junior Witter, Matthew Hatton, Michael Jennings and Jamie Moore.
After winning 11 fights in a row and picking up a couple of fringe titles on the way, Arthur managed to get a crack at the vacant British Super Featherweight title when he challenged Dewsbury's Steven Conway at the Braehead Arena in Glasgow on 19 October 2002. The win established Arthur as a force on the domestic scene and he followed up the victory with two defences against Carl Greaves and fellow Scot Willie Limond. One more victory would have given him the Lonsdale belt for keeps and that was when the undefeated prospect with a record of 16–0 ran into Longford's Michael Gomez.
Michael Gomez fight
Michael Gomez fought Arthur for the British and WBA International super featherweight titles in front of a sold out Meadowbank Stadium, Edinburgh, Scotland in October 2003. This was the first professional boxing card in the city for almost 20 years.
A war of words was waged between the two fighters prior to the fight, Arthur had stirred up the animosity between the pair stating in an interview that Gomez "gets involved in wars with journeymen" and that "looking deep into Gomez's eyes at the press conference, I'm not sure even he believes he can win. He'll be so fired up I expect it'll take me eight or nine rounds but, if his resistance has gone as people are saying, it could be a lot sooner" and "I see about 20 ways to beat him. I'm just looking forward to shutting him up.".
Arthur, who was looking to retain the Lonsdale Belt, was seen as a rising star in British boxing and was being groomed to be a future world champion. Arthur was a strong favourite to defeat Gomez and this fight was seen as a stepping stone against a Gomez who had been through too many battles and abused his body too much.
Gomez proved his critics wrong when on the night of the fight Gomez arrived in prime condition and with aggression, determination and desire. Eventually, Gomez won this bad tempered contested fight with an explosive knock out of Arthur in the fifth round. Arthur's performance in the early rounds and his resilience before the KO saw the bout hailed as one of the best fights in Britain for a decade. Boxing promoter Frank Warren called the fight "the greatest contest seen on these shores since Nigel Benn beat Gerald McClellan in 1995".
Comeback
He made his comeback the next year on 27 March 2004 by stopping Michael Kizza in the first round for the IBF Inter-Continental super featherweight title. He made two defences of that fringe title before lining himself up for a shot at Commonwealth Super-Featherweight champion Craig Docherty. To make matters more interesting the British title was now vacant again meaning that the Docherty fight would be for the British and Commonwealth Super-Featherweight titles. The fight took place at the Meadowbank Sports Centre in Edinburgh and ended with Arthur knocking Docherty out in the 9th round. Arthur was once again a force to be reckoned with.
European Champion
To fully seal his comeback Arthur's next fight was against the reigning European champion at super feather Boris Sinitsin. He managed to defeat the experienced Russian with a wide 12 round decision and so held the British, Commonwealth and European title belts at the same time. He put all three of them on the line in his next fight against fellow Scot Ricky Burns winning another 12 round decision. It was however the only time he would defend all three at once, his next two fights saw him only defend the European title against mandatory challenger Sergey Gulyakevich and Spain's Sergio Palomo.
WBO Champion
On 21 July 2007, he stopped Koba Gogoladze in the tenth round to win the interim WBO super-featherweight title. He made his first defence on 15 December 2007 against fellow Brit Steve Foster Jr. In what was supposed to be an easy tune up fight, Arthur struggled to win a close unanimous decision. It was a terrible start from the champion, for the first four rounds he was getting beaten to the punch and taking heavy blows from Foster. He regained his composure in the middle rounds and even knocked down his opponent in the 9th with a body shot. However two rounds later in round 11 Arthur got floored himself after taking a right hand that knocked him straight through the ropes. He managed to regain his composure and won a close decision.
Following the Foster win Arthur geared himself up to take on Dominican Joan Guzmán who held the full version of the title. However, Guzmán decided that he wanted to move up a weight division and chose not to compete against Arthur. This decision by Guzmán meant that the interim titleholder was now recognised as the organisation's world champion.
Arthur however surrendered the title in his very next fight, losing a unanimous points decision to England's Nicky Cook at the MEN Arena in Manchester on 9 September 2008. Arthur claimed that he had been "robbed" he also added "It was three English judges – in England. A fighter knows in his heart if he has won or lost a fight and I really thought I had won", Other observers however thought that the decision was fair and that Cook fully deserved his win.
Second comeback
Since losing to Nicky Cook in 2008 Arthur went on to win against Mohamed Benbiou on 19 June 2009 via TKO in Round 1 at the Bellahouston Sports Centre in Glasgow, Arthur then lost on points to Nigel Wright on 5 December 2009 at the Metro Radio Arena, Newcastle. In 2010 Arthur had 2 back to back wins against Peter McDonagh on 4 September 2010 and Jay Morris on 4 December 2010 both in Glasgow.
Arthur was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2012 Birthday Honours for services to boxing.
Amazing Alex Arthur Promotions and Retirement
In 2011 Arthur went into promoting with his own AAA Promotions. His first event took place at the Meadowbank Stadium in Edinburgh on 27 August 2011 where Arthur fought Aleksander Vakhtangashvili and won via TKO in the fourth round. On 14 April 2012 AAA Promotions staged their second and final event again at the Meadowbank Stadium where Arthur faced Michael Frontin and won via points after 8 rounds.
On 26 June 2013 Arthur officially retired from boxing after 14 months without a fight.
Political career
On 29 March 2021, Arthur was announced as a regional candidate for the Alba Party in the 2021 Scottish Parliament election. Shortly after the announcement, controversy emerged over his previous comments on social media, where he compared Romanian beggars to "juicy overfed pigs", openly mocked an AIDS survivor, and spread misinformation on COVID-19 vaccination. After issuing an apology, where he explained that his comments were a product of his working class upbringing, Arthur continued to retweet anti-immigrant content and bragged that members of his family could out-fight commenters who criticised him.
Following Alba's disappointing results, where they failed to win any constituency or regional seats, Arthur stated that he remained proud to be an Alba candidate and suggested his party had achieved more in the fight for Scottish independence than the 1320 Declaration of Arbroath. In response to further criticism of his political achievements he told a member of the public "Shut up you clown you don't know me", before stating "my 'genes' are very powerful!".
Since the 2021 Scottish Parliament election, Arthur has continued sharing his views online. In response to renewed calls for Scottish students to get vaccinated against Covid-19 in September 2021, Arthur publicly mocked an overweight Scottish government spokesperson, saying he should "Maybe lose some weight. Protect yourself from the bigger killers, Heart disease & obesity". New measures for children with gender dysphoria prompted a backlash, with Arthur stating "Kids at that age don't know if they're going for a shite or a haircut". When accused of being anti-English, Arthur stated "I'd rather suck Boris Johnson's big toe than Nicola's tits". He has also suggested that Scotland's Olympic prospects would improve by copying the strategies of the Russian committee involved in the doping scandal, stating "We need a bit of Putin in Scotland!".
Professional boxing record
References
External links
BoxRec Amazing Alex Arthur Promotions – Global ID 575672
|-
|-
1978 births
Super-featherweight boxers
Living people
Boxers from Edinburgh
Scottish male boxers
World Boxing Organization champions
World super-featherweight boxing champions
Commonwealth Games gold medallists for Scotland
Boxers at the 1998 Commonwealth Games
Members of the Order of the British Empire
Commonwealth Games medallists in boxing
Alba Party politicians
Medallists at the 1998 Commonwealth Games | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex%20Arthur |
Cristian Zaccardo (; born 21 December 1981) is an Italian former footballer who played as a defender. He mainly played as a centre back, although he was also capable of playing as a full-back or in midfield.
He began his club career with Italian club Bologna in 2000, and remained with the club until 2004, aside from a loan spell with Spezia. He subsequently moved to Palermo, where he came to prominence during his four seasons at the club. In 2008, he moved to German club VfL Wolfsburg for a season, where he won the 2008–09 Bundesliga title. He returned to Italy the following season, joining Parma, and in 2013 he moved to AC Milan, before joining Carpi in 2015; he spent the 2016–17 season on loan with Vicenza in Serie B. In October 2017, he joined Maltese Premier League side Ħamrun Spartans. In January 2019, he signed with San Marinese club Tre Fiori, where he won the Coppa Titano, before announcing his retirement in July.
At international level, he represented the Italy national football team on 17 occasions between 2004 and 2007, scoring one goal; he was a member of the Italian side that won the 2006 FIFA World Cup.
Club career
A product of the Bologna youth system, Zaccardo was promoted to the first team in 2000, but was sent on loan to Spezia for the 2000–01 season. He made his debut in Serie A and for the Bologna first team on 18 October 2001, in a 1–0 away defeat against Lecce, under the direction of coach Francesco Guidolin; he subsequently immediately became a regular for the rossoblu and Italy's under-21 national team. He left Bologna in 2004 to join his former coach Guidolin in Palermo. He was a regular starter for Palermo, and made his breakthrough with the club, appearing in 142 league matches and scoring eight goals.
After a season spent in Germany at VfL Wolfsburg, in which he helped the club to its first ever Bundesliga title, he rejoined Guidolin at Parma in August 2009. In his three-and-a-half seasons with the side, Zaccardo appeared in 118 league matches and scored ten goals.
On 24 January 2013, Zaccardo was signed by AC Milan, part of a cashless swap in which Djamel Mesbah moved to Parma. Towards the end of the 2014 summer transfer window, Milan had a deal in place with Parma in which him and Jonathan Biabiany would swap clubs, but the former refused the move. On 1 February 2015, Zaccardo scored his first goal for Milan in a 3–1 home win against Parma.
On the expiration of his Milan contract in the summer of 2015, Zaccardo moved to recently promoted Serie A side Carpi on a free transfer. He signed a two-year contract. He made 27 appearances for the club during the 2015–16 Serie A season, scoring one goal, although Carpi were ultimately relegated to Serie B at the end of the season.
On 31 August 2016, Zaccardo was signed by fellow Serie B club Vicenza Calcio on loan with an obligation to buy. According to La Gazzetta dello Sport, he signed a two-year contract. He wore the number 9 shirt for the team. On 13 July 2017, he announced that he had cancelled his contract with the club, becoming a free agent.
In October, he was signed by Maltese Premier League side Ħamrun Spartans. On 20 May 2018, he announced that he would be leaving the club, and later became a free agent. In December, he obtained his Sporting Director diploma through the Coverciano Technical Centre.
In January 2019, he stated in an interview that he had been linked with several clubs, including his former team Bologna and Canadian side Toronto FC, and that if he did not receive an offer from a team by May, that he would retire from professional football. On 31 January 2019, Zaccardo announced on facebook that he had signed with San Marinese club Tre Fiori, but that he would be joining the team in March. He won the Coppa Titano with the club. On 9 July 2019, exactly 13 years after he won the World Cup with Italy, he announced his retirement from professional football on Instagram.
International career
Zaccardo represented the Italy under-16 squad (equivalent to the current under-17 team) at the age of 15, also taking part in the 1998 UEFA European Under-16 Championship held in Scotland. During the tournament, he scored the decisive goal in the semi-final which allowed Italy to progress to the final of the tournament, where they were defeated by the Republic of Ireland. In 2001, he was a member of the Italian under-23 team that won a silver medal at the Mediterranean Games held in Tunis. Zaccardo has also represented Italy at under-21 level, winning the 2004 UEFA European Under-21 Championship under manager Claudio Gentile.
Zaccardo made his senior international debut for Italy under Marcello Lippi on 17 November 2004 in Italy's 1–0 home friendly victory over Finland. He began to be deployed with more frequency, and on 8 October 2005, he scored his first and only international goal in a 1–0 home win over Slovenia in Palermo in a 2006 FIFA World Cup qualifying match; the victory allowed Italy to qualify for the upcoming 2006 FIFA World Cup in Germany. Zaccardo was included in Italy's 23-man roster for the tournament, and made three appearances in the final competition. He started the first two matches of the group stage, helping Italy keep a clean sheet in their opening 2–0 win over Ghana on 12 June, but he scored an own goal off an attempted clearance following a free-kick in the azzurri's second match on 17 June, which ended in a 1–1 draw against the United States; this was one of only two goals Italy conceded throughout the tournament. He made one more appearance, his third during the tournament, coming on as a substitute in Italy's 3–0 win over Ukraine in the quarter-finals on 30 June, as Italy went on to win the 2006 World Cup. Due to his mistake during the World Cup, he was often overlooked by the national team since the tournament's conclusion, and only made two more appearances under Roberto Donadoni. He made his final appearance for Italy in a 2–0 friendly win over South Africa on 17 October 2007. In total, Zaccardo made 17 appearances for Italy between 2004 and 2007, scoring one goal.
Style of play
A quick, tactically versatile, and hard-working right-footed footballer, in his prime, Zaccardo was known in particular for his stamina, professionalism, and positional sense as a footballer, as well as his intelligence, versatility, and his strong mental and physical characteristics, which enabled him to play in several positions in defence and midfield along the right flank throughout his career, despite not being the most accurate crosser of the ball. Although he was primarily a right-sided full-back, he was also capable of playing as a wing-back, or in midfield, as a winger, or even as a central or defensive midfielder, a role in which he was also capable of starting attacking plays after winning back possession; during his time at Parma, his manager, Francesco Guidolin, described him as a "centromediano metodista" (a term which was initially used to describe the position of a centre-half-back in the Metodo or 2–3–2–3 formation, but which later became used in Italian football jargon to describe a holding midfielder with both creative and defensive responsibilities), due to his unique playing style in this position, which essentially also saw him act both as a ball-winner and as a deep-lying playmaker in midfield. As he has lost his pace with age in his later career, he has usually been deployed as a centre-back, in both a three or four-man defence, due to his anticipation and ability in the air.
Personal life
Zaccardo is married to Alessia Serafini. Zaccardo and his wife have two children, Niccolò and Ginevra Zaccardo.
Zaccardo has the names of his two children Niccolò and Ginevra tattooed on his left arm, while on his right arm he has a tattoo of his wife Alessia Serafini. On 6 March 2008, Zaccardo became an honorary citizen of Pollina, in the province of Palermo.
Career statistics
Club
International
International goal
Scores and results list Italy's goal tally first.
Honours
Club
VfL Wolfsburg
Bundesliga: 2008–09
Tre Fiori
Coppa Titano: 2018–19
International
Italy U-21
UEFA European Under-21 Championship: 2004
Italy
FIFA World Cup: 2006
Orders
CONI: Golden Collar of Sports Merit: Collare d'Oro al Merito Sportivo: 2006
4th Class / Officer: Ufficiale Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana: 2006
References
External links
LegaSerieA.it profile
FIGC profile
1981 births
Living people
Footballers from the Province of Modena
Italian men's footballers
Italy men's international footballers
Serie A players
Serie B players
Serie C players
Spezia Calcio players
Bologna FC 1909 players
Palermo FC players
Parma Calcio 1913 players
AC Milan players
AC Carpi players
LR Vicenza players
Ħamrun Spartans F.C. players
Tre Fiori FC players
2006 FIFA World Cup players
FIFA World Cup-winning players
Italy men's youth international footballers
Italy men's under-21 international footballers
VfL Wolfsburg players
Bundesliga players
Men's association football defenders
Maltese Premier League players
Officers of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
Mediterranean Games silver medalists for Italy
Mediterranean Games medalists in football
Competitors at the 2001 Mediterranean Games
Italian expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Germany
Expatriate men's footballers in Malta
Expatriate men's footballers in San Marino
Italian expatriate sportspeople in Germany
Italian expatriate sportspeople in Malta
Italian expatriate sportspeople in San Marino | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cristian%20Zaccardo |
Marina Nadiradze () (born 1978) is a Georgian pianist.
She studied at the State Conservatoire in Tbilisi. As a precocious nine-year-old she won the first of her international awards in Vilnius, Lithuania and since then has gone on to amass an impressive list of competition successes, including 2nd Prize in the inaugural Tbilisi International Piano Competition in 1997, 1st Prize in the highly prestigious LASMO Staffa Award in 2000, and 2nd Prize and the Lawrence Glover Silver Medal at the Scottish International Piano Competition in 2001.
Later she studied at the Royal Scottish Academy of Music and Drama in Glasgow, Scotland.
Now based in Scotland, she performs solo works in concerts throughout Europe. Recently recorded live at recitals in Glasgow and at the Musique-Cordiale Festival in Seillans, France. She is acclaimed for her playing of romantic pieces, notably by Schubert, Ravel, Scarlatti, Scriabin, Schumann, Chopin and the Georgian composer Revaz Lagidze. She played the piano sequences for the successful movie Ae Fond Kiss....
External links
Marina Nadiradze at Musique-Cordiale
Michael Church on Wigmore Hall debut, The Independent, February 2007
Marina Nadiradze
Genealogy on Pianists Corner
Playlist on Pianists Corner
1978 births
Living people
Classical pianists from Georgia (country)
Women pianists from Georgia (country)
Women classical pianists
Alumni of the Royal Conservatoire of Scotland
Scottish pianists
Scottish women pianists
Emigrants from Georgia (country) to Scotland
Date of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people)
21st-century classical pianists
21st-century women pianists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marina%20Nadiradze |
Danko Grlić (18 September 1923 – 1 March 1984) was a Marxist humanist, and a member of the Praxis school of SFR Yugoslavia.
He was born in Gračanica, Bosnia and Herzegovina. He moved to Zagreb with his family in 1931. During the Second World War he joined the anti-fascist struggle. He appreciated freedom above all, so due to his liberal expression, he often came to conflict with the government, which ended very badly for him. Because he opposed the resolution of Cominform, he was sentenced to three months in the prison camp Goli otok in 1948. Grlic did not accept the resolution, but for one part he held that it was correct, - where it says there is not enough democracy in the Yugoslav Communist Party. Upon returning from Goli otok he accepted a number of minor jobs; he translated, wrote, even under a false name. A story is still circulating, that he wrote an essay for Franjo Tudjman's book "The war against war". He was paid a fee by Tudjman, but is not cited as the author, although being acknowledged at the end of the book.
From 1950 to 1955 Grlić studied philosophy at the University of Zagreb. In 1959 he accepted Miroslav Krleža's offer to work at the Yugoslavian Lexicographic Agency. In 1965 he was one of the founding members of the Praxis journal.
From 1966 to 1968 Grlić was president of the Croatian Philosophical Society. In 1969 he earned the PhD degree with his work “The Founding Thought of Friedrich Nietzsche”.
Grlić started his academic career in 1962 teaching aesthetics at the Academy of Arts in Zagreb. He taught there until 1968, when he was forbidden to teach at this institution. He continued his academic career in 1971, when he was elected for professor at the University of Belgrade Faculty of Philosophy, and in 1974 he moved to the Faculty of Philosophy in Zagreb, where he was head of the department of aesthetics until his death in 1984.
His Selected Works in four volumes were published in 1988, and in 1989 a collection of articles in his honour were published in Zagreb, titled The Art and the Revolution.
He was married to Eva Grlić with whom he had a son Rajko Grlić, Croatian film director and producer.
Major works
Grlić represented critical Marxist positions typical for the whole Praxis school. After Marx, Grlić's favourite author was Friedrich Nietzsche. He wanted to overcome the negative image of Nietzsche in Marxist cycles, claiming that the Nazi’s version of Nietzsche's thoughts wasn't the essence of his thought.
The major field of scientific interest of Grlić was aesthetics. He is author of the four-volume Study of aesthetics, published in the period of 1974–1979.
Other works included:
Dictionary of Philosophers (1968)
Contra Dogmaticos (1971)
Friedrich Nietzsche (1981)
The Challenge of the Negative: to the aesthetics of Theodor Adorno (1986, posthumous)
References
External links
Practice and Dogma - a 1965 Praxis article of Grlić
Danko Grlić Archive
Eight Theses for Being Active Today, an article of Grlić
1923 births
1984 deaths
Marxist theorists
Marxist humanists
Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, University of Zagreb alumni
Academic staff of the University of Zagreb
Academic staff of the University of Belgrade
Burials at Mirogoj Cemetery
20th-century Croatian philosophers
Yugoslav humanists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Danko%20Grli%C4%87 |
The septum transversum is a thick mass of cranial mesenchyme, formed in the embryo, that gives rise to parts of the thoracic diaphragm and the ventral mesentery of the foregut in the developed human being and other mammals.
Origins
The septum transversum originally arises as the most cranial part of the mesenchyme on day 22. During craniocaudal folding, it assumes a position cranial to the developing heart at the level of the cervical vertebrae. During subsequent weeks the dorsal end of the embryo grows much faster than its ventral counterpart resulting in an apparent descent of the ventrally located septum transversum. At week 8, it can be found at the level of the thoracic vertebrae.
Nerve supply
After successful craniocaudal folding the septum transversum picks up innervation from the adjacent ventral rami of spinal nerves C3, C4 and C5, thus forming the precursor of the phrenic nerve. During the descent of the septum, the phrenic nerve is carried along and assumes its descending pathway.
During embryonic development of the thoracic diaphragm, myoblast cells from the septum invade the other components of the diaphragm. They thus give rise to the motor and sensory innervation of the muscular diaphragm by the phrenic nerve.
Derivatives
The cranial part of the septum transversum gives rise to the central tendon of the diaphragm, and is the origin of the myoblasts that invade the pleuroperitoneal folds resulting in the formation of the muscular diaphragm.
The caudal part of the septum transversum is invaded by the hepatic diverticulum which divides within it to form the liver and thus gives rise to the ventral mesentery of the foregut, which in turn is the precursor of the lesser omentum, the visceral peritoneum of the liver and the falciform ligament.
Though not derived from the septum transversum, development of the liver is highly dependent upon signals originating here. Bone morphogenetic protein 2 (BMP-2), BMP-4 and BMP-7 produced from the septum transversum join fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signals from the cardiac mesoderm induce part of the foregut to differentiate towards a hepatic fate.
Additional images
References
External links
LWW.com
Developmental biology
Digestive system
Embryology | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Septum%20transversum |
Thomas Hearne (4 September 1826 – 13 May 1900) was an English professional cricketer who played for Middlesex county teams, including the new county club, from 1859 to 1875. He was employed by Marylebone Cricket Club on their ground staff at Lord's and he played in many matches for the club's teams from 1857 to 1876. Hearne travelled to Australia in 1861–62 as a member of the first English team to tour the country. He was born in Chalfont St Peter, Buckinghamshire, and died in Ealing, Middlesex. His brother was George Hearne Sr and they began a cricketing dynasty, thirteen family members becoming first-class players.
Hearne was an all-rounder who played in 173 top-class matches. As a right-handed batsman, he scored 5,048 career runs at an average of 18.55 runs per completed innings with a highest score of 146 as one of four centuries. He was a right arm medium pace using the roundarm style and took 292 wickets with a best return of 6/12. He took five wickets in an innings sixteen times and ten wickets in a match twice. His best match return was 12/76. Highly rated as a fielder who was good enough to play as an occasional wicket-keeper, he held 116 career catches and completed seven stumpings.
Career
Tom Hearne was born on 4 September 1826 at Chalfont St Peter, Buckinghamshire. He was a right-handed batsman and a right arm medium pace using the roundarm style. He was also an occasional wicket-keeper.
Hearne is not recorded as a cricketer until 1857 when he was nearly 31 years old. In an 1889 pen picture written for Cricket: A Weekly Record of the Game, his friend Bob Thoms says Hearne played in local Buckinghamshire cricket from the age of sixteen and that there was "hardly a (venue) in the home counties on which he had not performed". Eventually, Hearne's prowess as a player was recognised by John Walker of the Southgate Cricket Club and that led to him playing for Middlesex and being engaged on the ground staff at Lord's.
Hearne played for Marylebone Cricket Club (MCC) teams from 1857 to 1876, but he is best known as a player for Middlesex, first playing for the county in 1859. He was invited to join the new Middlesex County Cricket Club when it was founded at the end of 1863 and made his debut for them in the 1864 season.
Hearne was a member of the England team led by H. H. Stephenson that toured Australia in 1861–62, the first to do so. The team travelled on the SS Great Britain.
Hearne and his brother George began a cricketing dynasty – thirteen family members became first-class players.
Hearne made four centuries in his career with a highest score of 146. His best bowling figures were 6/12 (innings) and 12/76 (match). He died in Ealing, Middlesex, on 13 May 1900.
Notes
References
Sources
External links
1826 births
1900 deaths
English cricketers
Left-Handed v Right-Handed cricketers
Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers
Middlesex cricketers
New All England Eleven cricketers
North of the Thames v South of the Thames cricketers
North v South cricketers
People from Chalfont St Peter
Players cricketers
Players of the South cricketers
Professionals of Marylebone Cricket Club cricketers
Southgate cricketers
United South of England Eleven cricketers
Cricketers from Buckinghamshire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%20Hearne |
TVRs (Television Viewer Ratings) are the standard buying currency for television advertising in the UK. Television ratings are expressed as a percentage of the potential TV audience viewing at any given time. TVR's measure the popularity of a television program or advertisement by comparing the number of target audience viewers who watched against the total available as a whole. One TVR is equivalent to 1% of a target audience. For example, if an ad in any afternoon show gets a Housewives' TVR of 20, that means that 20% of all housewives viewed the ad.
TVR=Reach x Time Spent
Television in the United Kingdom | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Television%20Viewer%20Rating |
Marian Zacharski (born 1951 in Gdynia, Poland; raised in nearby Sopot), is a former Polish intelligence officer, arrested in 1981 and convicted of espionage against the United States. After four years in prison, he was exchanged for American agents on Berlin's famous Glienicke Bridge. Arguably, he was one of the most famous officers of the Polish intelligence service. In 1996, prosecutors in Warsaw charged him with flagrant mismanagement at the Pewex company, and Gorzów Wielkopolski police want to question him about illegal car trading.
Espionage
Zacharski was president of the Polish American Machinery Corporation (POLAMCO) and lived in the United States from about 1977 until 1981. Acting as the commercial representative, he was at the same time an officer of the Polish intelligence service. In June 1981 William Holden Bell, project manager of the Radar Systems Group at Hughes Aircraft in El Segundo, California, and Zacharski, were arraigned on espionage charges.
For the apprehension of Marian Zacharski credit belongs to a Polish diplomat Jerzy Koryciński at the United Nations who blew the whistle, while asking for political asylum in the US.
Under disguise of business activities, and over the period of several months, Zacharski developed a relationship with Bell. According to a court affidavit filed by the bureau, he had paid Bell about $110,000 in cash and $60,000 in gold coins, to photograph highly classified documents detailing Hughes Aircraft radar and weapons systems. Furthermore, Zacharski won access to material on the then-new Patriot and Phoenix missiles, the enhanced version of the Hawk air-to-air missile, radar instrumentation for the F-15 fighter, F-16, "stealth radar" for the B-1 and Stealth bomber, an experimental radar system being tested by the U.S. Navy, submarine sonar, and the M1 Abrams tank.
According to Kenneth Kaiser, an agency counterintelligence supervisor in Chicago, Poland was particularly active in industrial espionage. While the Soviet KGB got all the press, Polish intelligence was perhaps superior. They, however, could not care less about military intelligence; they wanted economic and scientific secrets. Their objective was to short-circuit development costs and undersell us and, as the Zacharski case suggests, they were good at finding friends in the right places.
Zacharski disclosed the activities of a Russian spy in Poland who under code name "Olin" (known as affair of Olin - Polish Security Services and Oleksy Case Olingate) cooperated with one of the best connected KGB agents and the most powerful Russian spies Vladimir Alganov and another Russian diplomat, Georgiy Yakimishin. This consequently resulted in the fall of Polish government under Prime Minister Jozef Oleksy.
In June 1996 Marian Zacharski left Poland for Switzerland and is currently living in Kreuzlingen. Currently Wojciech Bockenheim from the Polish TV station TVN produced six TV movies entitled Szpieg ("Spy") "in search of Marian Zacharski", which is dedicated to disclosing some of the activities of Zacharski.
Discovery
According to current official statements and interviews he was discovered only because of a so-called Farewell list. Sometimes it is called Farewell Dossier, in fact this was a list of agents sold or transferred for ideological reasons (probably both) by KGB Lieutenant Vladimir Vetrov. By doing this and catching all from the list in one pack (in most cases without other evidence), the KGB had a clear trace that the source of the leak was Vetrov, and because French or other Western hemisphere countries did not even try to help him, Vetrov was sentenced to death and executed.
Popularity in Poland
On 15 August 1994, the Polish government announced Zacharski's appointment as head of civilian intelligence in the Polish Office of State Protection, but the United States and Jan Nowak-Jeziorański protested and Zacharski never assumed the position. In a poll from that time that asked "Which colonel better served Poland?", Zacharski or Ryszard Kukliński, who spied for the United States, 52% responded "neither", 17% said Zacharski, and 7% responded Kukliński. In addition, 22% said Zacharski was fit to head Polish intelligence, and 22% disagreed.
References
External links
Part V: Polish Intelligence 1989-2005 Interfering with Political Processes
Ex-Communist Polish Premier May Resign Over Charges of Spying for Moscow
What Is The KGB Interested In?
The Spy, directed by Wojciech Bockenheim
Zacharski: I was proud to be a spy | Zacharski: Byłem dumny, że jestem szpiegiem (polish).
Their agents and double agents
Our agents and double agents
They chose freedom
FBI
The Spy Who Went Into Retailing
The Polish Political Circus
Espionage cases
Marian and His Curious Friend
Marian Zacharski
Top secret Polish intelligence documents
Cloak and Dagger
Polish spies
Polish intelligence officers (1943–1990)
Living people
1951 births
People convicted of spying for the Polish People's Republic
People from Gdynia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marian%20Zacharski |
Rombalds Moor is an area of moorland in West Yorkshire, England, between the Airedale and Wharfedale valleys. The towns of Ilkley and Keighley lie to its northern and southern edges, respectively. The moor is sometimes referred to as Ilkley Moor, though technically this refers to the section of moor on the northern flank, above the town of Ilkley.
Geography
Rombalds Moor consists of several moors, usually named after the nearest town or village bordering it. They include (clockwise from north): Ilkley Moor, Burley Moor, Hawksworth Moor, Baildon Moor, Bingley Moor, Morton Moor, and Addingham High Moor.
There are over 400 examples of stones with cup and ring marks on them scattered across Rombalds Moor.
Etymology
The moor is said to be named after the local folklore legend of Rombald the Giant. The story goes that Rombald lived on the moor with his wife and one day during an argument, she was chasing him across the valley when he stamped on a huge rock, smashing it in two, which separated the famous Cow from its Calf. Rombald's wife then dropped the rocks she was holding in her skirt, which created the Great and Little Skirtful of Stones formations. An alternative story is that Rombald was prone to fits of rage; he would cause thunder to rumble across the valley and hurled huge rocks across the moor, which is another origin story for the iconic Cow and Calf Rocks.
The name Rombald, however, is more likely to be a corruption of Romille, the moors surrounding Skipton having been given to Robert de Romille by William the Conqueror. Earlier Ordnance Survey maps show an earlier variant of the name as Rumbles Moor.
References
Moorlands of England
Keighley | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rombalds%20Moor |
Launch Services Alliance is a "back-up" launch service provider. It is a joint venture between the multinational aerospace company Arianespace and Japanese conglomerate Mitsubishi Heavy Industries; initially, the American aerospace firm Boeing Launch Services was involved as well.
LSA was established during 2003. In the event of one of the commercial partners not being able to execute a launch on time, one of the other partners could provide an alternative service, under a set of contractual conditions agreed between the participating companies. Such transfers would be made at the customer's discretion. The LSA offer this service for the Ariane 5 and H-IIA expendable launch systems; it previously offered the Zenit-3SL as well. During 2007, LSA was restructured by Arianespace and Mitsubishi; the principal difference being that Boeing had decided to no longer associate itself with the venture.
History
Following the end of the Cold War and the institution of the peace dividend, the aerospace industry went through a period of consolidation, mergers and partnerships. More specifically, a glut in affordable space launches during the early 2000s placed incumbent providers under pressure to respond. During 2001, the Japanese conglomerate Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and American aerospace firm Boeing Launch Services announced the formation of a strategic alliance to cooperate on various space-related opportunities; specifically, this alliance applied to space-based communications, air traffic management, multimedia, navigation, space and communications services, launch services and space infrastructure markets.
During July 2003, the Launch Services Alliance (LSA) was originally formed, then consisting of the multinational aerospace company Arianespace with Japanese conglomerate Mitsubishi Heavy Industries and American aerospace firm Boeing Launch Services; at this time, Boeing provided Sea Launch Zenit-3SL launch services at that time. The decision to switch between launchers is made by the end customer. Despite the formation of LSA, the three partner companies retained autonomy over their own operations and continued to independently market their respective commercial satellite launch capabilities. For Arianespace, its involvement in LSA represented a further diversification of their launch services.
During October 2003, LSA services were used for the first time when Arianespace transferred satellite DirecTV-7S delayed in manufacturing to the Zenit-3SL launch on 4 May 2004. During May 2004, the first contract for LSA services was signed for the Optus D1 satellite; Ariane 5 was assigned as the primary launch vehicle while the Zenit-3SL was served as backup. During 2005, LSA announced that the organisation had signed its fifth contract.
During April 2007, the LSA was reformed by Arianespace and Mitsubishi Heavy Industries; the main change being the withdrawal of Boeing from any involvement in the venture. Since fiscal year 2007, responsibility for both production and management of the H-IIA launch system was transferred to Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, the partnership with Arianespace was hoped to help the former enter the market.
References
Commercial spaceflight
Mitsubishi Heavy Industries
Space organizations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Launch%20Services%20Alliance |
The Coppa Titano is the national football cup of San Marino. It was first awarded in 1937.
Cup Winners
1937 : Libertas
not played from 1938 to 1949
1950 : Libertas
not played from 1951 to 1953
1954 : Libertas
not played from 1955 to 1957
1958 : Libertas
1959 : Libertas
1960 : not played
1961 : Libertas
not played from 1962 to 1964
1965 : Juvenes
1966 : Tre Fiori
1967 : Tre Penne
1968 : Juvenes
1969 : not assigned
1970 : Tre Penne
1971 : Tre Fiori
1972 : Domagnano
1973 : not assigned
1974 : Tre Fiori
1975 : Tre Fiori
1976 : Juvenes
1977 : Dogana
1978 : Juvenes
1979 : Dogana
1980 : Cosmos
1981 : Cosmos
1982 : Tre Penne
1983 : Tre Penne
1984 : Juvenes
1985 : Tre Fiori
1986 : La Fiorita 6-1 Tre Fiori
1987 : Libertas 0-0 (5-3) Tre Penne
1988 : Domagnano 2-1 La Fiorita
1989 : Libertas 2-0 La Fiorita
1990 : Domagnano 2-0 Juvenes
1991 : Libertas 2-0 Faetano
1992 : Domagnano 1-1 (4-2) Tre Fiori
1993 : Faetano 1-0 Libertas
1994 : Faetano 3-1 Folgore
1995 : Cosmos 0-0 (3-1) Faetano
1996 : Domagnano 2-0 Cosmos
1997 : Murata 2-0 Virtus
1998 : Faetano 4-1 Cosmos
1999 : Cosmos 5-1 Domagnano
2000 : Tre Penne 3-1 Folgore
2001 : Domagnano 1-0 Tre Fiori
2002 : Domagnano 6-1 Cailungo
2003 : Domagnano 1-0 Pennarossa
2004 : Pennarossa 3-0 Domagnano
2005 : Pennarossa 4-1 Tre Penne
2006 : Libertas 4-1 Tre Penne
2007 : Murata 2-1 Libertas
2008 : Murata 1-0 Juvenes/Dogana
2009 : Juvenes/Dogana 2-1 Domagnano
2010 : Tre Fiori 2-1 Tre Penne
2011 : Juvenes/Dogana 4-1 Virtus
2012 : La Fiorita 3-2 Pennarossa
2013 : La Fiorita 1-0 San Giovanni
2014 : Libertas 2-0 Faetano
2015 : Folgore/Falciano 5-0 Murata
2016 : La Fiorita 2-0 Pennarossa
2017 : Tre Penne 2–0 La Fiorita
2018 : La Fiorita 3–2 Tre Penne
2019 : Tre Fiori 1–0 Folgore
2020 : not assigned
2021 : La Fiorita 0–0 (10–9) Tre Fiori
2022 : Tre Fiori 3–1 Folgore
2023 : Virtus 3–1 Tre Penne
Performance by club
External links
San Marino - List of Cup Winners, RSSSF.com
San Marino
2
1937 establishments in San Marino
Recurring sporting events established in 1937 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coppa%20Titano |
The northern royal albatross or toroa, (Diomedea sanfordi), is a large seabird in the albatross family. It was split from the closely related southern royal albatross as recently as 1998, though not all scientists support that conclusion and some consider both of them to be subspecies of the royal albatross.
Etymology
Diomedea sanfordi breaks into Diomedea, referring to Diomedes, whose companions turned to birds, and sanfordi, in honor of Leonard Cutler Sanford (1868–1950), ornithologist, and trustee of the American Museum of Natural History.
Taxonomy
Albatrosses belong to the family Diomedeidae of the order Procellariiformes, along with shearwaters, fulmars, storm petrels, and diving petrels. They share certain identifying features. First, they have nasal passages that attach to the upper bill called naricorns, although the nostrils on the albatross are on the sides of the bill. The bills of Procellariiformes are also unique in that they are split into between seven and nine horny plates. Finally, they produce a stomach oil made up of wax esters and triglycerides that are stored in the proventriculus. This is used against predators as well as an energy-rich food source for chicks and adults during their long flights.
The northern royal albatross was first described as Diomedea sanfordi by Robert Cushman Murphy, in 1917, based on a specimen from the Chatham Islands.
Description
The northern royal albatross is typically about , weighs , and has a wingspan from . The juvenile has a white head, neck, upper mantle, rump, and underparts. There is dark speckling on the crown and rump. Its lower mantle and back are white with more black speckling than the crown, and it has dark black-brown upper wings with white flecks on its coverts. Its tail is white with a black-brown tip, as are its underwings. There is a black band behind the leading edge of its wings between the carpal joint and the tip. As they age, their head, back, rump, tail, and scapular region whiten. All ages have a pink bill with a black cutting edge on the upper mandible, along with pale pink legs. The northern royal albatross can be distinguished from the southern at sea by its upper wings, the plumage of which are all dark compared to the large areas of white on the southern. The two species also differ in behavior.
Behavior
Feeding
The northern royal albatross feeds on cephalopods, fish, crustaceans, salps, and carrion. Squids can make up 85% of their diet.
Reproduction
They perform a very extensive mutual or group display, sometimes in the air or on the water. Once they form a bond, the displays lose extravagance. Breeding starts at eight years. They nest biennially and will build their nests on flat summits of the islands that they frequent. They prefer to be in grass or herbs, and their nest is a low mound of vegetation, mud, and feathers. A single egg is laid, in October or November, which takes both parents around 80 days to incubate. The chick is brooded for a month and is ready to fledge after around 240 days. Their colonies are denser than those of any other great albatross.
Range
Northern royal albatrosses nest on the Chatham Islands (Forty-fours Island, Big Sister Island, and Little Sister Island), Enderby Island in the Auckland Islands, and Taiaroa Head on the Otago Peninsula of New Zealand. The Taiaroa Head colony is the only albatross colony found on a human-inhabited mainland in the Southern Hemisphere. When they are not breeding, northern royal albatrosses undertake circumpolar flights in the southern oceans, and in particular like the Humboldt Current and the Patagonian Shelf.
Conservation
Northern royal albatrosses are listed as an endangered species by the IUCN, and they have an occurrence range of , with a breeding range of . 6,500 to 7,000 pairs breed on the Chatham Islands annually along with 60 pairs at Taiaroa Head, for an estimated total of 20,000 birds, although this is a 2012 estimate. 2022 estimates place the count at 17,000 birds. In 1985, their main breeding grounds on the Chatham Islands were badly damaged by a series of intense storms and the resulting lack of nesting material has lowered their breeding success. Chicks and eggs of birds breeding on the South Island have also been preyed upon by introduced species, such as cats, bottle flies, and stoats. Finally, longline fishing is the biggest threat to this bird, even though it has been reduced.
To help in the survival of this species, bird banding is underway, Taiaroa Head has predator control in effect during the breeding season, and there are no predators on the Chatham Islands. Enderby Island and Taiaroa Head are nature preserves, and the Department of Conservation had eradicated feral cattle, rabbits, and mice from Enderby Island by 1993. Counting of individual birds has been made possible using 30-cm resolution imagery from the WorldView-3 satellite.
Thanks to the efforts of L. E. Richdale, the colony on Taiaroa Head was protected by 1950. 1972 saw the first formal guided viewing of their breeding area, since 2001 more than 100,000 people visit the Royal Albatross Centre annually to watch this species. It has become a tradition in Dunedin each year to chime the bells in the city's public buildings in celebration of the first bird to arrive back at the Taiaroa Head colony.
Footnotes
References
External links
Photos - Christopher Taylor Nature Photography
northern royal albatross
Birds of the Southern Ocean
Birds of South America
Birds of New Zealand
Otago Peninsula
Endangered animals
Endangered fauna of Oceania
Endangered fauna of South America
northern royal albatross
northern royal albatross | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northern%20royal%20albatross |
The Silvertown Tunnel is a road tunnel under construction beneath the River Thames between the Greenwich Peninsula and west Silvertown.
It is being promoted by Transport for London and will be delivered through a design, build, finance and maintain contract by the Riverlinx consortium. The tunnel is intended to reduce congestion through the Blackwall Tunnel and both tunnels will be tolled when it opens in 2025. The contract for construction was awarded in November 2019.
The tunnel will include dedicated lanes for heavy goods vehicles and buses. There will not be pedestrian or cycle access but a shuttle bus is being considered for cyclists. All future bus routes that will use the tunnel will be zero emission.
Route
The design is for a twin-bore tunnel to connect the A1020 Silvertown Way/Lower Lea Crossing on the north side with the A102 road Blackwall Tunnel Approach on the south side, on an alignment similar to the London cable car. Lane 1 will be dedicated to buses and goods vehicles over 7.5t, while lane 2 will be available for all traffic. The proposed tunnel would affect access to Thames Wharf station proposed as part of the Docklands Light Railway's London City Airport extension.
Cost
In 2012, the cost was stated to be £600m. A consultation in 2015 stated that the cost of construction was estimated to be £1bn. In March 2020, the cost was increased again, to £1.2 billion. Operation, maintenance and financial costs of the tunnel over 25 years is expected to cost another £1bn.
Opposition
The tunnel has been criticised by opponents who fear it will increase levels of traffic, in turn increasing air pollution. Green Party member and councillor Caroline Russell expressed concern that as the cost of the tunnel would be covered by tolling, future mayors of London will want to keep traffic levels high in order to pay this off. The lack of walking or cycling facilities in the tunnel has been criticised. A planned pedestrian and cyclist bridge from Rotherhithe to Canary Wharf, the Rotherhithe crossing, was cancelled in 2019.
Plans submitted in 2019 suggested 19 trees would be removed. However, revised plans submitted in 2021 suggested over 100 trees would be removed to construct the tunnel and access roads.
Political opposition
Green Party:
Cllr Scott Ainslie, former Green MEP for London and councillor on Lambeth Council.
Jonathan Bartley, former Co-leader of the Green Party and Leader of the Opposition on Lambeth Council.
Cllr Siân Berry, Green Party member of the London Assembly and Leader of the Green Group on Camden Council.
Cllr Caroline Russell, Green Party member on the London Assembly and Leader of the Opposition on Islington Council.
Zack Polanski, Green Party member of the London Assembly.
Conservative Party:
Andrew Boff, former Conservative Group leader and Chairman of the London Assembly.
Zac Goldsmith, former Conservative MP for Richmond Park and North Kingston, candidate for Mayor of London and Member of the House of Lords.
Liberal Democrats:
Siobhan Benita, former Liberal Democrat candidate for Mayor of London
Sir Edward Davey, Leader of the Liberal Democrats and former Secretary of State for Energy and Climate Change.
Cllr Luisa Porritt, Liberal Democrat candidate for Mayor of London and Councillor in Camden.
Caroline Pigeon, Liberal Democrat leader on the London Assembly.
Munira Wilson, Liberal Democrat MP for Twickenham.
Labour Party:
Lyn Brown, Labour MP for West Ham.
Cllr Damien Egan, Labour Mayor of Lewisham.
Rokhsana Fiaz, Labour Mayor of Newham.
Philip Glanville, Labour Mayor of Hackney.
Abena Oppong-Asare, MP for Erith and Thamesmead.
Cllr Peter John, Labour leader of Southwark Council.
Matthew Pennycook, Labour MP for Greenwich and Woolwich.
John McDonnell, Labour MP for Hayes and Harlington.
Campaign groups
The tunnel is opposed by the 'No to the Silvertown Tunnel' campaign, and more recently the Stop the Silvertown Tunnel Coalition which claims that it would generate more traffic and more congestion, and lead to more air pollution.
Friends of the Earth have been lobbying Tower Hamlets Borough Council to reject the proposal.
In July 2020, Extinction Rebellion protesters locked themselves to a drilling rig, calling on Mayor of London Sadiq Khan to halt the project amidst environmental concerns. In April 2021, 52 academics and campaigners sent a joint open letter to transport secretary Grant Shapps and Mayor of London Sadiq Khan seeking an "emergency review" of the proposed tunnel's environmental impact.
History
It was proposed that the project should be reviewed in 2006 following the completion of the Thames Gateway Bridge. The then London Mayor, Ken Livingstone, supported the scheme in principle and expressed a preference that the link be a road tunnel. The Mayor's Transport Strategy stated that construction of the link would follow the implementation of the subsequently cancelled Thames Gateway Bridge.
A public consultation on the Silvertown Tunnel and the Gallions Reach Ferry took place between February and March 2012. A further consultation was conducted from 29 October 2012 to 1 February 2013.
A consultation on tolling both the Silvertown and the Blackwall tunnels opened in October 2014. Following a Nationally Significant Infrastructure Project inquiry, the government approved the proposal in May 2018, and the contract was awarded in November 2019 to the Riverlinx consortium.
Construction began in March 2021. The southbound tunnel drive was completed in January 2023, and the northbound tunnel drive was completed in August 2023. Overall construction is due for completion in 2025.
Public transport
When Transport for London applied for permission to build the tunnel, it proposed that five bus routes would use it. However, in October 2022 plans for bus routes were revealed with only two routes using the tunnel, with only one route providing stops either side of the river. Route X239 will run an express section between Blackheath (Sun in the Sands) and Leamouth/East India via the tunnel. The X239 route was later announced as part of the Superloop scheme and is now known as route SL4. Traffic modelling in 2016 was based on around 37 buses using the tunnels but this was later reduced to 20 buses during peak times.
Charges
Charging will begin when the tunnel opens in 2025 and will coincide with the introduction of tolling to the adjacent Blackwall Tunnel. Charges were expected to be similar to the Dartford Crossing. As of June 2023, charges for the Dartford Crossing are £2/£2.50 for cars, depending on method of payment, Signs submitted by TfL for approval, with prices suggested in 2015, appeared to show that vehicles using the tunnel between 6am and 10pm will be charged £4 (cars), £3.50 (motorcycles) or £8.50 (other vehicles) for a single journey. The charges are expected to be agreed in 2024 and the system available for drivers to register. Allowing for inflation, the suggested £4 charge for cars is likely to be £5.25 in 2025. Discounts for residents in Greenwich, Newham and Tower Hamlets were considered in 2015 and rejected. In October 2023 the Mayor of London proposed a discount for low-income residents.
See also
Thames Gateway Bridge, a bridge proposal that was cancelled in 2008
Lower Thames Crossing, a proposed crossing to the east of the M25
Gallions Reach Crossing, a proposed tunnel or bridge between Beckton and Thamesmead
Belvedere Crossing, a proposed tunnel or bridge between Belvedere and Rainham
List of crossings of the River Thames
List of road projects in the UK
References
External links
TfL Silvertown Tunnel website
Riverlinx website
Transport in the Royal Borough of Greenwich
Transport in the London Borough of Newham
Proposed tunnels in the United Kingdom
Proposed road tunnels in Europe
Proposed roads in the United Kingdom
Nationally Significant Infrastructure Projects (United Kingdom)
Toll tunnels in the United Kingdom | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Silvertown%20Tunnel |
Podgorica Airport (, ) is an international airport serving the Montenegrin capital of Podgorica and the surrounding region. It is one of two international airports in Montenegro, the other being Tivat Airport. Both are operated by the state-owned company Airports of Montenegro (Аеродроми Црне Горе / Aerodromi Crne Gore).
The airport is situated south of central Podgorica, in the Zeta Plain, one of the few flat areas of Montenegro suitable for a large airport. The airport is locally known as Golubovci Airport () as it is located within the administrative boundaries of the town of Golubovci. The IATA code of the airport is still TGD because Podgorica was named Titograd (after Josip Broz Tito) from 1946 to 1992, during the time in which the airport opened. It is the main hub for Di Air and was the main hub for Montenegro Airlines.
History
The history of civil aviation in Podgorica began on 26 May 1928, when an Aeroput Potez 29/2 landed on a grass runway at a small airfield located near the city's current train station. The plane was on an experimental Belgrade-Skopje-Podgorica-Mostar-Sarajevo-Belgrade line, organized to determine the viability of linking Belgrade with southern Yugoslavia by air. On 5 May 1930, scheduled passenger service began on a Belgrade-Sarajevo-Podgorica line. Aeroput used Farman F.300 aircraft on this line.
World War II brought an end to passenger traffic at the airfield. In 1943 and 1944, the airfield was used by the Luftwaffe in then German-occupied Montenegro. It was a frequent target in the now infamous bombing of Podgorica, which resulted in significant German losses.
After the war, passenger service resumed on 8 April 1947, with newly formed JAT flights to Belgrade on a Douglas C-47 converted for passenger use. A cargo line to Belgrade was later established in 1957.
The airport was moved to its present location south of the city in 1961. It featured a asphalt runway and was modernized and refurbished in 1977. The majority of traffic in this period consisted of scheduled flights to Belgrade, mostly with McDonnell Douglas DC-9 aircraft. Špiro Mugoša Airport now occupies the former site.
On 23 April 2003, the ownership of the airport was transferred from JAT Airways to Airports of Montenegro, a public company owned by the Government of Montenegro. Along with the formation and growth of Montenegro Airlines, this contributed to an increase in services from the airport. The decades-long practice of the airport being largely a feeder airport for Belgrade was dropped in favor of a more diverse network of scheduled passenger flights.
A major renovation and expansion took place in 2006, with refurbishment and extension of the apron and improvements to the taxiways system, airfield lighting system, and power supply. An entirely new passenger terminal was opened on 14 May 2006, while the old passenger terminal underwent reconstruction and refurbishment in 2009.
The improved taxiway system allowed for wide-body aircraft to be serviced at the airport. Thus, the airport began servicing Il-86s and the first Boeing 747 freighter arrived at the airport in April 2008.
In December 2020, Montenegro Airlines went into liquidation, leaving the airport without a home carrier. Air Montenegro started operations on 8 February 2021.
Facilities
Terminals
As air traffic in Montenegro saw a rapid increase in the 2000s, the old passenger terminal, a small cobblestone building, was retired after the new terminal was built, except for servicing small-volume charter flights. The new passenger terminal, comprising , opened on 14 May 2006. It has eight departure and two arrival gates, and is able to handle up to 1 million passengers annually. The terminal does not feature jetways, as the number of passengers at the airport is not high enough to necessitate them.
The main (new) terminal building is a modern aluminium and glass structure, featuring contemporary architectural solutions such as indirect lighting throughout the building. Since its opening, it has featured a Costa Coffee outlet, two newspaper stalls, a duty-free shop, rent-a-car posts, and a bank outlet. Although the airport is considered low-risk, security screening has been visibly increased since the construction of the new terminal. Security measures and monitoring that are standard for European airports are applied in the terminal.
The old terminal building was completely renovated and reopened on 15 September 2009 and is now intended for VIP use and general aviation.
Runway
Standard runway 36 approach includes a spectacular 200° low-level steep turn over Lake Skadar to align with the runway, only above the water surface. The airport has ICAO classification 4E ILS Cat I, though ILS landing is only possible on runway 36; the northern approach to runway 18 is visual only, possible under perfect VMC. This is due to the proximity of the Dinaric Alps in the north.
Military use
Podgorica Airport is a public international airport, but shares the main runway with Podgorica's military airbase. Military facilities include an airbase area adjacent to the main runway, as well as the Šipčanik complex. The Šipčanik complex consisted of an underground aircraft shelter tunneled into the eponymous hill, and an adjacent narrow 08/26 runway, which could be used to scramble jets stored in the shelter. This runway is connected to the main airport complex via a taxiway cut through surrounding vineyards.
On 9 December 1999, the airport was briefly seized by the Army of Yugoslavia in a standoff between the central government and the Montenegrin authorities after Montenegro tried to control the airport independently from Belgrade.
Airlines and destinations
The following airlines serve scheduled and seasonal services to and from Podgorica Airport:
Statistics
Passengers
Busiest routes
Ground transportation
Podgorica Airport is accessible by the Podgorica - Bar road (E65/E80), via a short detour. A stretch of this road, from Podgorica to the airport, has been upgraded to expressway standard. A drive from the city center to the airport usually takes less than 15 minutes. Public transportation to and from airport is covered by L-20 bus line to city center, charter bus lines to other Montenegrin cities, and taxi service. The Airport train station on the Belgrade–Bar railway is located away from the passenger terminal but is seldom used as a link to the city due to the inconvenient location and inconsistent train schedule.
By using the Sozina tunnel, the airport is some away from Bar, Montenegro's main port, and so the airport increasingly caters to the needs of cities along the southern Montenegrin coast.
Accidents and incidents
On 11 September 1973, Podgorica Airport was the destination of JAT Airways Flight 769, a Sud Aviation SE-210 Caravelle 6-N, which flew into the Babin Zub peak on Maganik mountain north of Podgorica. All 41 on board perished.
On 25 January 2005, the nosegear of a Montenegro Airlines Fokker 100 (YU-AOM) collapsed after a runway excursion during a night landing in snowy conditions. The airplane skidded for about before coming to rest, after touchdown. Two passengers, the pilot and copilot received minor injuries. The airline was sued by passengers, as it was the only airline to operate flights to Podgorica that evening (other airlines canceled flights due to insufficient ice clearance technology at the airport).
On 7 January 2008, at about 9:30pm, a Montenegro Airlines Fokker 100 (4O-AOK) was shot at while landing at Podgorica Airport. A routine inspection of the aircraft led to the discovery of a bullet hole in the aircraft's tail. The aircraft was carrying 20 passengers, none of which were injured. The reason for the incident is unknown; however, reports indicate that it may have been an inadvertent result of guns being fired during celebrations for Orthodox Christmas.
See also
List of airports in Montenegro
Tivat Airport
Aeronautical Information Publication
References
External links
Ground Transportation at AirportJump.com
Airports in Montenegro
Airports established in 1961
Transport in Podgorica
1961 establishments in Yugoslavia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Podgorica%20Airport |
Kassassin () is a village of Lower Egypt by rail west of Ismailia, a major city on the Suez Canal.
Battle of Kassassin Lock
At the Sweet Water Canal, on August 28, 1882, the British force was attacked by the Egyptians, led by Amed Urabi Pasha. They needed to carve a passage through Ismailia and the cultivated Delta. Both attacks were repulsed. The Household Cavalry under the command of General Drury Drury-Lowe led the "Moonlight Charge", consisting of the Royal Horse Guards and 7th Dragoon Guards galloping at full tilt into enemy rifle fire. Their ranks were whittled down from the saddle, but still they charged headlong, ever forward. Sir Baker Russell commanded 7th on the right; whereas the Household was led by Colonel Ewart, c/o of the Life Guards. They captured 11 Egyptian guns. Despite only half a dozen casualties, Wolseley was so concerned about the quality of his men that he wrote Cambridge for reforms to recruiting. Nonetheless, these were the elite of the British army and, these skirmishes were costly. Legend and a poem "At Kassassin", say the battle began as it was getting dark.
On September 9, Urabi seized what he considered his last chance to attack the British position. A fierce battle ensued on the railway line at 7 am. General Willis sallied out from emplacements to drive back the Egyptians, who at 12 pm returned to their trenches. Thereupon Sir Garnet Wolseley arrived with the main force, while the Household Cavalry guarded his flank from a force at Salanieh. A total force of 634 officers and 16,767 NCOs and men were stationed at Kassassin before they marched on September 13, 1882, towards the main objective at Tell El Kebir where another battle was fought, the Battle of Tell El Kebir.
Battle immortalized in poetry
The battle as described in the poem by Arthur Clark Kennedy, At Kassassin, mentions the battle began as the day turned to evening.
AT KASSASSIN
RAINED on all day by the sun,
Beating through helmet and head,
Through to the brain.
Inactive, no water, no bread,
We had stood on the desolate plain
Till evening shades drew on amain;
And we thought that our day's work was done,
When, lo! it had only begun.
'Charge!' And away through the night,
Toward the red flashes of light
Spurting in fire on our sight,
Swifter and swifter we sped.
'Charge!' At that word of command,
On through the loose-holding sand,
On through the hot, folding sand,
Through hailstorms of iron and lead,
Swifter and swifter we sped.
Thud! fell a friend at my hand;
No halt, ne'er a stay, nor a stand.
What though a comrade fell dead?
Swifter and swifter we sped.
Only the red, flashing light
Guided our purpose aright;
For night was upon us, around,
Deceptive in sight as in sound.
We knew not the enemy's ground,
We knew not his force;
But on, gaining pace at each bound,
Flew man and horse.
Burst on the enemy's flank,
On through his gunners and guns,
Swifter and swifter we sped;
Over each bayonet-ranged rank,
Earthward their dusky waves sank,
Scattered and fled.
They ran as a startled flock runs;
But still we pursued o'er the plain,
Till the rising moon counted the slain,
And some hundred Egyptians lay dead.
Oh! 'twas a glorious ride,
And I rode on the crest of the tide.
We dashed them aside like the mud of the street,
We threshed them away like the chaff from the
wheat,
We trod out their victory under our feet,
And charged them again and again;
For demons were loose on the hot-breathing wind,
And entered the souls of our men.
A feverish delight filled our bones,
Heightened by curses and groans—
The mind taking hold of the body, the body react-
ing on mind.
Ha! 'twas a glorious ride,
Though I miss an old friend from my side,
And sadness is mingled with pride.
Still, 'twas a glorious ride—
That race through the darkness, the straining, the
shock,
The struggle, and slaughter by Kassassin lock.
References
Battles involving Egypt
Geography of Egypt
Historical poems
Populated places in Ismailia Governorate
War poetry | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kassassin |
The Cathedral Church of Saint Matthew, known simply as St. Matthew's Cathedral, is an Episcopal cathedral church located at 5100 Ross Avenue in Dallas, Texas, in the United States.
The cathedral is the official seat of the bishop of the Episcopal Diocese of Dallas and is sometimes called the mother church of the diocese. It is listed by the Texas Historical Commission as a historic landmark.
History
St. Matthew's Church was the third church formed in the city of Dallas. The Reverend George Rottenstein officiated the first Episcopal church service in Dallas, May 25, 1856, on the second floor of a general store. At the time, Dallas was a town of about 400 people. The small congregation grew, and Rottenstein submitted articles of association to the Episcopal Church for the creation of the Episcopal Church of Saint Matthew to be effective September 21, 1857. The articles were ratified at the General Convention.
On July 8, 1860, a fire consumed most of the businesses on the town square as well as the rented facilities and all church belongings and records of Saint Matthew's. Pro-slavery conspiracy-theorists of the day attributed the fire to abolitionists, but scholars doubt the veracity of these claims. When the Right Rev. Alexander Gregg, first bishop of Texas, visited Dallas in October 1860, he found no church building, no records, and only six communicants. Bishop Gregg gave assistance to the small congregation so that the parish could continue.
The parish recovered and grew such that by 1870, the parish had enough funds for the construction of its own church. The church bell was added later that same year.
As the city grew, it became necessary to move the church to another location. In 1877, the structure was put on heavy rollers pulled by oxen. However, the building collapsed. Parishioners, with the help of other citizens, carried the boards by hand to the new location and built a new church.
The Diocese of the Missionary District of Northern Texas was formed, led by the Right Reverend Alexander Garrett, and on February 2, 1875, Bishop Garrett named Dallas his see city and Saint Matthew's as his cathedral church. On December 20, 1895, the Diocese of the Missionary District of Northern Texas became the Diocese of Dallas.
In 1893, the congregation constructed a fine new stone cathedral on the corner of Elm and Lamar, but within a few years the growing industrious city encroached. Train tracks were laid nearby, and one of the railroads operated noisy steam engines that arrived at a nearby station at noon each Sunday. Smoke from the train would fill the church on any given Sunday.
At that same time, Saint Mary's Episcopal College for Women was facing substantial financial struggles as new schools opened in the city. The vestry chose to relocate the cathedral to the corner of Ross and Henderson and assume the debt of St. Mary's College. The cathedral moved into its current location in July 1929. The Wall Street Crash of 1929 occurred in October, and the cathedral, like its parishioners and citizens of Dallas, suffered greatly.
Present
The Cathedral Church of Saint Matthew remains at the Saint Mary's campus. The former chapel for the college was expanded and continues as the cathedral for the Diocese of Dallas. The tree-lined college campus is now the cathedral close, and the facilities house a collection of stained-glass windows dating from the late 19th century.
In addition, the cathedral houses a collection of Victorian era paintings, many of which were gifts to Saint Mary's Episcopal College for Women, and feature Saint Mary.
In October 2013, the Justus Sundermann Art Gallery opened which features exhibits of local artists.
The congregation is heavily involved in ministries and outreach to the surrounding community. The cathedral serves the homeless and other needy through the Food Pantry.
The Bishop Stanton Center for Ministry Formation trains candidates for ministry as deacons, bi-vocational priests in rural areas, youth ministers, cross-cultural formation, lay preachers and general enrichment in lay theological formation. The cathedral has conducted mission trips to Peru in the past and looks forward to in the future. This allows missioners to assist churches in Peru with their growth needs. The program allows Spanish speakers and English speakers to come together for some wonderful ministry experiences. Angel Tree provides Christmas gifts for children and the elderly who might have no one to remember them.
Schools within the cathedral
The cathedral directs the Right Reverend James M. Stanton Center for Ministry Formation, whose primary mission is to serve people who feel called to the diaconate; both to aid them in their discernment process and to provide the necessary theological training for possible ordination as deacons. The Cathedral Center is a place where deacons-in-training can be part of a community, attend graduate-level classes, and experience spiritual growth. The school also trains bi-vocational priests to serve in rural areas, youth ministers, training in cross-cultural awareness, as well as a variety of lay licensing classes and general classes to allow lay people to study the Bible, theology, and church history at a deeper level than is usually available in a local church setting.
Leadership
The cathedral is the seat of the Bishop of Dallas. The Rt. Rev. George Sumner was elected as the seventh bishop for the Diocese of Dallas during a special convention in May 2015. His consecration was on November 14, 2015. As bishop he oversees the administrative needs throughout the diocese and is chief pastor for more than 31,000 Episcopalians, 200 clergy and 100 congregations.
In 2018, the cathedral vestry called the Very Reverend Robert P. Price to be the new dean. Dean Price holds a bachelor's degree and a master's degree in history from Stanford University, and began a Ph.D. program in History at Yale University before answering a call to the ministry and entering Yale Divinity School, from which he holds a Master of Divinity degree.
The cathedral usually has several assisting priests and deacons, many of whom are canons of the cathedral.
There are several groups and guilds headed by lay people.
There is a large guild of cathedral vergers whose primary responsibility is to assist with worship services. Vergers work with acolytes and altar guild to prepare the sanctuary for worship services and after services, they assist storing vestments and vessels in their proper places. The cathedral usually has one to three vergers at regular worship services. Vergers also assist with tours and special events at the cathedral. The cathedral provides facilities from time to time for the Vergers Guild of the Diocese of Dallas to conduct training, workshops, and retreats.
Worship
The church is part of the Episcopal Church and worship services are based on the 1979 Book of Common Prayer. There are a number of important worship services, such as the Solemn Mass of Easter and Midnight Mass at Christmas. While most of the services are High Church, other services are more Broad Church in style. Located in East Dallas, its congregation represents the diversity of East Dallas.
Music is an important element at the cathedral, which boasts a pipe organ with an estimated 2,800 pipes. The organ has been expanded several times and now features three manuals, 35–40 stops (depending on the method used to count them) and around 40 ranks of pipes. The cathedral has hosted various festivals of music with renowned musicians over the years, including such local talent as concert organists James Diaz and Bradley Welch. The current Director of Music and Organist is Keith Franks.
On Sundays, the cathedral holds two worship services.
Weekday services are held in the Oratory Chapel, with Morning Prayer each morning at 8:45 am, and Evening Prayer from the Daily Office each evening at 6:00 pm. Noonday Prayer is offered on the last Saturday of each month.
The cathedral is also host of several diocesan services and events including ordinations, confirmations, conventions, annual vergers' conferences as well as a variety of retreats for religious and civic groups.
In addition, the cathedral hosts for the community a number of civic events each year, including plays, dances, festivals, and summer camps for youth. The St. Matthew's Cathedral Arts was formed in 2012 "to emulate the historic ministry of cathedral churches, proclaiming the presence of God through the beauty of human creativity, positioning this cathedral as a center for arts, culture and community, bringing vitality to St. Matthew's, our neighborhood and greater Dallas."
Diversity
The cathedral is located in East Dallas and experiences all the challenges and opportunities of the inner city. The neighborhood continuously evolves. A large Hispanic community has grown in the area for the past several decades. In 1982, the cathedral began a worship service in Spanish. This congregation has grown to an average Sunday attendance of 25–300. In addition, developers are purchasing portions of land in the area and building expensive apartment and condominium complexes. The cathedral close is near downtown and is part of a transitional neighborhood located between two upscale neighborhoods that is home to first and second-generation immigrants, and a variety of transitional and homeless people. As a result, there is a great range of population characteristics evident in the congregation. The cathedral is known for its offerings to a wide range of people.
Architecture
The church is constructed in the Gothic Revival. The college chapel, dating from 1907, was designed in the traditional shape of a Latin cross. In 1929, the chapel was enlarged to hold the large congregation of the cathedral, changing the proportions of the traditional cross configuration. Prior to the expansion, the bell tower was located at the northwest corner of the structure. Today, the tower occupies a site on the north façade. The interior of the three-story bell tower is very small with a ladder and openings that permit only a person of small stature to enter. Cornerstones, plaques, and stained-glass windows from the earlier locations of the cathedral are incorporated around the cathedral close.
The central stained-glass window of Saint Mary's Episcopal College for Women was the Nativity scene, and on each side of it are windows relating to patron saints of women. Rather than replace these windows with the cathedral's patron Saint Matthew, a stained-glass window of Saint Matthew was installed in the south transept. Many of the windows came from prior structures and were installed in the 1970s. Other windows depict the Resurrection, the Stations of the Cross, the sacraments, and the founding fathers of the church. Because of the church's location in Texas, some windows contain unusual images, such as cowboys, Native Americans, and a stagecoach.
The oratory and Great Hall are in the modern style, the oratory contains a columbarium.
The Great Hall, constructed in 1955, holds a large parish hall with stage and two industrial kitchens. When the cathedral moved to its present location, it brought the Great Matthew Bell that dates from 1870. It was recast to its present size of in 1888. Because the bell tower could not hold the immense bell and it was placed on a bell-cot that incorporates an 1899-plaque marking the 25th anniversary of the cathedral. The cot is located adjacent to the Great Hall.
The foyer of the Great Hall contains several stained-glass works, including a Tiffany window from the previous cathedral.
See also
List of the Episcopal cathedrals of the United States
List of cathedrals in the United States
References
Sources
Terwilliger Library & Archives at the Cathedral Church of Saint Matthew, Dallas, Texas.
For information listed on the historical marker see the entry in the Texas Historic Sites Atlas of the Texas Historical Commission.
For historical information on the City of Dallas, see The Handbook of Texas Online, Dallas.
For historical information on the Episcopal Diocese of Dallas, see the Episcopal Diocese of Dallas website.
External links
St. Matthew's Cathedral website
Episcopal Diocese of Dallas website
The Vergers Guild of the Diocese of Dallas
Matthew, Dallas
Matthew, Dallas
Churches on the National Register of Historic Places in Texas
Churches in Dallas
National Register of Historic Places in Dallas | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cathedral%20Church%20of%20Saint%20Matthew%20%28Dallas%29 |
Adam Robert Bruce (born 18 January 1968) is a Scottish solicitor, businessman, and aristocrat who serves as an officer of Arms at the Court of the Lord Lyon.
Education
Bruce was born in Edinburgh, Scotland. He is the second son of Andrew Bruce, 11th Earl of Elgin, and Victoria Usher. He was educated at Glenalmond College. Bruce went up to Balliol College to read history, and while at the University of Oxford he was elected as the President of the Oxford Union in 1989. He also took a law degree at the University of Edinburgh.
Career
Formerly a solicitor with McGrigors in Edinburgh, where he was Director of Public Policy, Bruce now works in the environmental power industry, having been UK chief executive of Airtricity and the first Chairman of the British Wind Energy Association, now RenewableUK.
He is currently global head of corporate affairs at Mainstream Renewable Power, and from 2009–2015 was a director of the Friends of the Supergrid. In October 2012 he was appointed chairman of the UK Government's Offshore Wind Programme Board. He sat on the steering committee of Norstec, the global offshore wind industry network.
In 2008 Bruce was appointed an officer of arms at the Lyon Court as Unicorn Pursuivant. In April 2012 he was promoted to the position of Marchmont Herald. He was previously Finlaggan Pursuivant (private officer of arms to the Clan Donald), in which role he was installed in 2005 by Godfrey Lord MacDonald. This marked a reinstatement of the traditional MacDonald heraldic role after a break of 510 years.
Bruce is also a Trustee of the St Andrews Fund for Scots Heraldry and a Member of the Council of the Society of Writers to HM Signet.
He sits on a number of advisory bodies, including the Advisory Board of the United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) Safe Access to Fuel and Energy programme, the Steering Board of RE100, and the Development Board of Oxford University's Maths, Physics and Life Sciences Division. He became a Trustee of National Museums Scotland in April 2017 and his term of appointment ran until March 2021.
in 2016 Bruce narrated a three-part series for UCV TV of Chile on the life of his ancestor Admiral Lord Cochrane.
Family
On 17 May 2003, he married Maria Sofia Giovanna Rosa Granito Pignatelli di Belmonte, a younger daughter of the 13th Prince of Belmonte. They live in Edinburgh and have two children.
He is a descendant of Walter FitzAlan, thus a distant relative of the House of Stuart and distant relative of Queen Elizabeth II of the United Kingdom.
Arms
See also
Private Officer of Arms
Pursuivant
References
Scottish solicitors
Scottish officers of arms
1968 births
Living people
Younger sons of earls
Lawyers from Edinburgh
Presidents of the Oxford Union
Adam | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam%20Bruce |
Gent-Sint-Pieters railway station (, ), officially Gent-Sint-Pieters, is the main railway station in Ghent, East Flanders, Belgium, and the fourth-busiest in Belgium and busiest in Flanders, with 17.65 million passengers a year. The station is operated by the National Railway Company of Belgium (NMBS/SNCB).
History
The origins of the railway station is a small station on the Ghent–Ostend line in 1881. At that time, the main railway station of Ghent was the South railway station, built in 1837. At the occasion of the 1913 International Exposition in Ghent, a new Sint-Pieters railway station was built. It was designed by the architect Louis Cloquet and finished in 1912 just before the World's Fair.
The station was built in an eclectic style with a long corridor dividing the building in its length which provides access to diverse facilities. A tunnel (designed by ir. P. Grondy) starting from the entrance hall provides access to the twelve platforms. This gives the station its cross-form design. The original waiting rooms for second and third-class passengers now serve as a buffet and restaurant.
The station was classified in 1995. In 1996, the station was renovated, with the renovation of the interior of the western wing completed in 1998. The station was served by a daily Thalys high-speed rail service to Paris between 1998 and 31 March 2015.
Project Gent-Sint-Pieters
In 2004, the Project Gent-Sint-Pieters was announced as part of a bigger plan to renovate line 50A between Ghent and Bruges.
The reconstructions were planned between 2007 and 2022 and included:
12 new, wider and longer platforms with more escalators and a lift for better access
one big open hall below the platforms instead of the 3 current tunnels
a tram stop with direct access to the platforms
a new bus station in front of the railway station
The Virginie Lovelinggebouw, East Flanders' Flemish Administrative Center
Renovation of the Maria Hendrikaplein, the square in front of the station
Renovation of the main entrance building
A new bicycle parking
Valentin Vaerweyckweg (T4), a new trunk road connecting the station to the ringroad of Ghent (R4) and A10/E40
The work is necessary to make the station more accessible and to increase capacity as the number of passengers grows every year.
This eventually will lead to the removal of several period features that are not part of the classified main building, like the platform canopies, waiting rooms, and the tunnel by P. Grondy.
Timeline
In 2007, the tower at the entrance of the station has been renovated.
In 2008, a new glass canopy was placed at the main entrance.
In 2010, the murals of the main entrance hall have been renovated. The Valentin Vaerweyckweg (T4) and the temporary tramtunnel were opened. And the first part of the new bus station was put into use. Fase 1 of the station itself (platforms 8-12) started.
In 2012, the first part of a new underground bicycle parking station was opened, with 1.700 of the intended total of 10.000 parking spots.
In 2014, the Virginie Lovelinggebouw was finished.
In 2015, the first new platforms (11 and 12) were put into service.
In 2017, platforms 10, 9 and 8 were put into use though 8 wasn't finished yet. The project was running late and appeared to be more expensive than anticipated. It was put on hold and new options were investigated to cut costs.
In January 2020, the new project was announced. The main change was the roof over the platforms. Phase 2 (platforms 7-1) is planned from 2021 until 2026.
Because of the restriction of Ghent's car traffic circulation in 2017, the amount of commuters using a bicycle grew. The plans were adjusted accordingly to build 17,000 bicycle parking spots in total.
Train services
The station is served by the following services:
Intercity services (IC-01) Ostend - Bruges - Ghent - Brussels - Leuven - Liege - Eupen
Intercity services (IC-02) Ostend - Bruges - Ghent - Sint-Niklaas - Antwerpen
Intercity services (IC-03) Knokke/Blankenberge - Bruges - Ghent - Brussels - Leuven - Genk
Intercity services (IC-04) Lille/Poperinge - Kortrijk - Ghent - Sint-Niklaas - Antwerpen
Intercity services (IC-12) Kortrijk - Ghent - Brussels - Leuven - Liege - Welkenraedt (weekdays)
Intercity services (IC-12) Kortrijk - Ghent (weekends)
Intercity services (IC-20) Ghent - Aalst - Brussels - Hasselt - Tongeren (weekdays)
Intercity services (IC-20) Ghent - Aalst - Brussels - Dendermonde - Lokeren (weekends)
Intercity services (IC-23A) Bruges - Ghent - Brussels - Brussels Airport
Intercity services (IC-28) Ghent - Sint-Niklaas - Antwerp (weekdays)
Local services (L-02) Zeebrugge - Bruges - Ghent - Dendermonde - Mechelen (weekdays)
Local services (L-02) Zeebrugge - Bruges - Ghent (weekends)
Local services (L-05) Eeklo - Ghent - Oudenaarde - Ronse
Local services (L-05) Eeklo - Ghent - Oudenaarde - Kortrijk (weekdays)
Local services (L-25) Ghent - Zottegem - Geraardsbergen
Local services (L-28) Ghent - Dendermonde - Mechelen (weekends)
See also
List of railway stations in Belgium
Rail transport in Belgium
References
External links
YouTube video of Ghent Sint Pieter's station
Railway stations in East Flanders
Buildings and structures in Ghent
Tourist attractions in Ghent
Transport in Ghent
Railway stations in Belgium opened in the 1910s
Railway stations opened in 1912
1912 establishments in Belgium
World's fair architecture in Belgium | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gent-Sint-Pieters%20railway%20station |
The High-Speed Serial Interface (HSSI) is a differential ECL serial interface standard developed by Cisco Systems and T3plus Networking primarily for use in WAN router connections. It is capable of speeds up to 52 Mbit/s with cables up to in length.
While HSSI uses 50-pin connector physically similar to that used by SCSI-2, it requires a cable with an impedance of 110 Ω (as opposed to the 75 Ω of a SCSI-2 cable).
The physical layer of the standard is defined by EIA-613 and the electrical layer by EIA-612.
It is supported by the Linux kernel since version 3.4-rc2.
References
External links
What is HSSI?
HSSI Description
Serial buses | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-Speed%20Serial%20Interface |
Simone Barone (; born 30 April 1978) is an Italian football manager and former player, who played as a midfielder. He played for several Italian clubs throughout his career, before coming to prominence with Palermo. At international level, he was part of the Italian side that won the 2006 FIFA World Cup, and represented the national side on 16 occasions between 2004 and 2006, scoring once.
Club career
Barone started his career making his first team debut on 4 May 1997 for Parma, against Atalanta. He then played for Padova of Serie C1 in 1998, Alzano Virescit of Serie B in 1999.
In summer 2000, he joined Chievo in a co-ownership deal, where he played for 2 seasons. He was loaned back to Parma in the 2002–03 season, then bought back permanently in 2003, with Amauri moved to Chievo.
On 16 July 2004, he transferred to Palermo for €5M. He signed a 4-year contract. He was the regular of the team, and the team qualified for 2006–07 UEFA Cup (after the Calciopoli trials).
On 5 August 2006, Simone moved to Serie A newcomer Torino after the club signed Mark Bresciano and Fábio Simplício from Parma. He played 3 seasons for the Serie A struggler and left the club after relegated in 2009.
On 6 August 2009, he was signed by Serie A side Cagliari. He was mainly used as a substitute, however, only playing 5 times as a starter, as a right midfielder on each occasion.
International career
Barone debuted for the Italy national football team on 18 February 2004, in a 2–2 friendly tie against Czech Republic in Palermo. Stefano Bettarini and Sergio Volpi also received their first call-up and made their debut under manager Giovanni Trapattoni during the match. He was part of Italy's 2006 FIFA World Cup squad, under Marcello Lippi, appearing two times as a substitute as Italy went on to win the tournament. In Italy's final group match of the competition, a 2–0 win against the Czech Republic on 22 June, Barone helped to win back possession in midfield before laying the ball off to Simone Perrotta, who subsequently set up Filippo Inzaghi with a one on one opportunity with a throughball after the striker had managed to beat the offside trap; Inzaghi went on to score after rounding Czech goalkeeper Petr Čech, while Barone also followed Inzaghi's run to provide him with an additional attacking option across goal. This play is such iconic in Italian culture that, as Inzaghi completely ignored Barone’s 50-metre run, youngsters use the expression “utile come la corsa di Barone” (Italian for “as useful as Barone’s run”) to indicate something superfluous or unnecessary. He later also appeared in Italy's 3–0 win over Ukraine in the quarter-finals of the tournament. In total, Barone made 16 appearances for Italy between 2004 and 2006, scoring his only international goal on 9 February 2005, in a 2–0 friendly home win over Russia, in Cagliari, at the stadio Sant'Elia.
Style of play
A versatile, consistent, energetic, and hard-working player, Barone was primarily deployed as a central or right sided midfielder, although he was capable of playing in any midfield position, and was also deployed as a defensive midfielder, due to his stamina, tactical intelligence, positional sense, and decision-making, as well as his ability to break down opposition plays and subsequently start attacking moves with his passing.
Managerial career
In late June 2016, Barone was appointed assistant manager for Indian Super League club Delhi Dynamos, under his former international teammate Gianluca Zambrotta.
In the 2017–18 season, he was appointed manager for the Juventus academy.
He took over the Sassuolo Primavera team for the 2018–19 season.
On 7 July 2021, he was hired as a head coach of Correggese in Serie D. However, he left the club before the league season started.
Career statistics
International
International goal
Honours
International
Italy
FIFA World Cup: 2006
Orders
CONI: Golden Collar of Sports Merit: Collare d'Oro al Merito Sportivo: 2006
4th Class / Officer: Ufficiale Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana: 2006
References
External links
FIGC
Profile at La Gazzetta dello Sport (2006–07)
Profile at La Gazzetta dello Sport (2007–08)
Profile at La Gazzetta dello Sport (2009–10)
Profile at AIC.Football.it
Living people
1978 births
People from Nocera Inferiore
Men's association football midfielders
Italian men's footballers
Italy men's international footballers
2006 FIFA World Cup players
FIFA World Cup-winning players
Serie A players
Serie B players
Serie C players
Parma Calcio 1913 players
Calcio Padova players
AC ChievoVerona players
Palermo FC players
Torino FC players
Cagliari Calcio players
US Livorno 1915 players
SSD Virtus CiseranoBergamo 1909 players
Officers of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic
Italian football managers
Footballers from the Province of Salerno | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Simone%20Barone |
Małgorzata Irena Foremniak (; born 8 January 1967 in Radom) is a Polish actress. She is starring in the Polish TV series Na dobre i na złe as Zofia Stankiewicz-Burska and has played the role of Ash in Avalon. She took part in Taniec z gwiazdami on TVN. She is now a judge in the Polish edition of Got Talent, called Mam talent!.
External links
1967 births
Living people
People from Radom
Polish television actresses | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ma%C5%82gorzata%20Foremniak |
Harley "Swiftdeer" Reagan (1941 - 2013) was an American pretendian and new age spiritual leader. He is known for founding the 'Deer Tribe Metis Medicine Society', and developing Chulukua, a martial art, and Chuluaqui Quodoushka, collection of sexual techniques and theories.
Biography
Reagan was born in Texas, to an allegedly Cherokee parent and a white parent.
Chuluaqui Quodoushka
According to Reagan and his followers, the "Quodoushka teachings" (also known as "the "Q" to adherents), guided exercises and rituals allow a person to improve relationships and reach "higher levels" of orgasm and sexual ecstasy. Demonstrations at Chuluaqui Quodoushka retreats include male and female self-pleasuring techniques, close-up examinations to show variations in the shapes of genitalia, and participants having sexual intercourse while Reagan and other trainers watch and "coach" them.
Criticism
The sexual rites of passage that Reagan says are drawn from spiritual practices of the Olmec, Mayan and Toltec cultures, and what he claims are secret societies within the Cherokee Nation, have been denounced as fraudulent by the traditional teachers of these cultures. Many cultures contain rites of passage—usually social and spiritual ceremonies held as a child enters adulthood. Reagan claims to take inspiration from these ceremonies. But his critics agree that his claims about these ceremonies starkly contrast with the teachings and beliefs of the cultures he claims to represent. The Cherokee Nation disavows Reagan's claims entirely, noting that Reagan is not an enrolled member of the Cherokee Nation nor a member of any Cherokee community. After being denounced by the Cherokee Nation, Reagan abruptly changed his story and now claims the teachings are inspired by a variety of cultures.
Language
In the workshops a woman's genitalia are called "tupuli", which Reagan claims is a Cherokee term for "sacred black hole of creation," and a man's genitalia are called "tipilli", which Reagan says is a Cherokee term meaning "like a tipi pole." According to Durbin Feeling, a linguistic specialist for the Cherokee Nation, there are no such words in the Cherokee language, and Cherokee do not and never have lived in tipis. In fact, the word "tipili" applied to genitals is likely taken from Gary Jennings's novel Aztec. Feeling said Chu-Lua-Qui refers to Cherokee people; he said the closest translation he could find for Quodoushka is "(a)qwv-tol u- ska", a graphic term for a male sexual organ that has nothing to do with Cherokee spirituality. "It's pretty ugly. I don't know if he [Harley Reagan] realizes what it means." Feeling added, "He probably does know what it means."
Credentials
Despite the claims that the Chuluaqui Quodoushka is based on ancient traditions, there is no evidence of this. Much of the ancient Maya religious tradition is still not understood by scholars and there is no surviving information about Mayan sex rituals. The Olmecs were a people in Mexico who predated the Aztecs. Their culture disappeared and the only clues left about them are some stone statues and hieroglyphic carvings. Olmec mythology has left no documents and therefore cannot have anything to do with modern-day sex rituals. Reagan also claims without evidence that the teachings are also Toltec in origin.
The Cherokee Nation firmly denies any involvement in the Chuluaqui-Quodoushka. Harley Reagan appeared on the HBO program "Real Sex in America" in 1992, promoting Quodoushka as a Cherokee ritual. The chief of the Cherokee Nation of Oklahoma at the time, Wilma Mankiller, threatened to sue HBO for misrepresentation, and the Cherokee passed a resolution condemning Reagan and other "plastic shamans". Some believe that in order to avoid a lawsuit, Reagan changed his story to the claim that Quodoushka is a blend of many ancient sexual traditions.
Richard Allen, a research and policy analyst of the Cherokee Nation, says of the Chuluaqui Quodoushka, "Reagan's made it up. We learn about sex like everyone else does, behind the barn."
Proponents
One of the fans of the "Q" is pornographic film actor Porsche Lynn, who studied with Harley Reagan and has praised the "Q" workshops.
In film
The movie Quodoushka, Native American Love Techniques (or Quodoushka) came out in 1991, distributed by Vivid Video and starring such hardcore porn actors as Ashley Nicole, Heather Hart, Hyapatia Lee and Madison. Lee was a student of Harley Reagan and claims to be of Cherokee descent. The film is a pornographic film made to look like a documentary. It depicts various women of supposedly Cherokee ancestry copulating in various ways, mostly with white men.
Chulukua
Reagan also created and taught "Chulukua-ryu" a martial art which he claimed combined Japanese and Native American fighting techniques "into an unbeatable system".
Notes
References
Chuluaqui-Quodoushka I, II, III Manual and outline.
New Age Frauds and Plastic Shamans website
The Institute for Contemporary Shamanic Studies page on Quodoushka
http://articles.baltimoresun.com/1993-01-27/news/1993027046_1_cherokee-nation-indian-tribe
Encyclopedia of women and religion in North America, Volume 1 By Rosemary Skinner Keller, Rosemary Radford Ruether, Marie Cantlon
External links
Official Deer Tribe Medicine Society website
New Age practices
Sexuality and religion | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harley%20Reagan |
Flaxman Charles John Spurrell (8 September 1842 – 25 February 1915) was a British archaeologist, geologist and photographer who worked mainly in Kent and East Anglia. He was also a noted egyptologist, working closely with Flinders Petrie.
Family and early life
Born at Mile End in Stepney, London, Spurrell was the eldest son of Dr. Flaxman and Ann Spurrell and a descendant of the Spurrell family of Norfolk. He was a nephew of the Rev. Frederick Spurrell, a fellow archaeologist, and an uncle of the biologist and author Herbert George Flaxman Spurrell.
Not long after his birth, the family settled at Bexley in Kent, living for many years at The Priory, Picardy Road, Belvedere (later home to the Priory Conservative Club).
Spurrell was educated at Epsom College and went on to study medicine, although he never completed his studies.
Archaeological work
By the late 1850s Spurrell had developed an interest in archaeology and geology in the North Kent area and was encouraged to pursue his interest by his father, who had been a founding member of both the Kent Archaeological Society and the West Kent Natural History, Microscopical and Photographic Society. He began to examine flint implements in and around Crayford and was, according to Nesta Caiger, “the first archaeologist to study fully the many deneholes which were dug in Kent and Essex”, many of which he descended into, examined and photographed. He visited and investigated dozens of other sites, including prehistoric and Roman sites on both sides of the Thames estuary.
He published his findings in the periodicals of the Kent Archaeological Society, the Essex Archaeological Society and the Royal Archaeological Society, as well as those of other societies and groups.
In the 1870s Spurrell met Flinders Petrie, becoming a trusted friend and collaborator. Over the following decades his attention turned increasingly to egyptology. While Petrie was unable to convince Spurrell to travel to Egypt with him, the objects that Petrie sent back to England were careful studied and catalogued by Spurrell, including important items discovered at Naqada and Tell el-Amarna.
In 1885 and 1889 Spurrell published his theory about the origins of the river Thames' vernacular embankments, described as a "startling suggestion" since shown to be probably correct.
In 1895 he presented a number of prehistoric artefacts to the Natural History Museum in London and later donated material from his personal collection to the museum at Norwich Castle. Some of his photographic images are now held by the Historic England Archive.
Later life and recognition
Shortly after his mother’s death in 1896, Spurrell retired to Norfolk, where he resided first with his uncle Daniel Spurrell at the Manor House in Bessingham and later at The Den, another house on the estate. Despite what Petrie called “the entreaties of his friends”, he seldom left Norfolk and his self-imposed retirement.
On 27 March 1912 he married his cousin Katherine Anne Spurrell (1852–1919), a daughter of Daniel Spurrell and a noted daffodil breeder whose cultivars had won the Award of Merit from the Royal Horticultural Society.
Spurrell was a Fellow of the Geological Society from 1868 to 1905 and a Fellow of the Society of Antiquaries from 1899 to about 1910.
When a housing estate was built at Joyden's Wood in Bexley in the 1950s, one of the roads was named Spurrell Avenue in his honour.
Publications
The following papers were published by F. C. J. Spurrell in the Royal Archaeological Society's Archaeological Journal:
Implements and Chips from the floor of a Palaeolithic Workshop, Vol. XXXVII
Deneholes and Artificial Caves with Vertical Entrances, Vol. XXXVIII
Shallow Pits in Norfolk and Elsewhere, Vol. XL
Early Sites and Embankments on the margins of the Thames Estuary, Vol. XLII
The First Passage of the Thames by Aulus Plautius, Vol. XLVII
Shoebury Camp, Essex, Vol. XLVII
Notes on a Boat found at Albert Dock, Woolwich, Vol. XLVII
Rude Implements from the North Downs, Vol. XLVIII
Some Flints from Egypt of the IVth Dynasty, Vol. XLIX
Notes on Early Sickles, Vol. XLIX
On Remedies in the Sloane Collections, and on Alchemical Symbols, Vol. LI
Notes on Egyptian Colours, Vol. LII
On Some Flint Implements from Egypt and Denmark, Vol. LIII
In Archaeologia Cantiana, the journal of the Kent Archaeological Society, he published:
Palaeolithic Implements found in West Kent, Vol. XV
Sketch of the Ancient Architecture of Erith Church, Kent, Vol. XVI
Dartford Antiquities. Notes on British Roman and Saxon Remains there found, Vol. XVIII
Flaxman Spurrell also published the following articles in the Essex Naturalist:
Ensilage, or preserving grain in pits (1887)
Withambury (1887)
Danbury Camp, Essex (1890)
Hæsten's Camps at Shoebury and Benfleet, Essex (1890)
In the Proceedings of the Geologists' Association he published the following works:
Excursion to Erith and Crayford, Vol. IX
On the Estuary of the Thames and its Alluvium, Vol. XI
Excursion to Higham, Vol. XI
Excursion to Crayford, Vol. XI
Excursion to Swanscombe, Vol XI
Excursion to Grays, Thurrock, Essex, Vol. XII
Excursion to Dartford Heath, Vol. XIII
See also Visit to see F. C. J. Spurrell's collection of fossils in Excursion to Belvedere, J. Morris, Vol. II
The following was published in the Quarterly Journal of the Geological Society:
In the Journal of the Anthropological Institute can be found:
On some Palaeolithic knapping tools and methods of using them, Vol. XIII
The following appeared in the Reports of the West Kent Natural History, Microscopical and Photographic Society:
A sketch of the history of the rivers and denudation of West Kent (1886)
References
External links
English archaeologists
English Egyptologists
19th-century British geologists
Photographers from Kent
People educated at Epsom College
1842 births
1915 deaths
Fellows of the Society of Antiquaries of London | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flaxman%20Charles%20John%20Spurrell |
Luna-C (born Christopher Howell, 1 May 1973) is a British DJ and record producer, known for his work in breakbeat hardcore music. He was a member of the group Smart E's in 1992, who scored a 2 hit on the UK Singles Chart with "Sesame's Treet" which samples the Sesame Street theme song. He founded Kniteforce Records in 1992, for which he produced tracks and remixes under various aliases. The label was sold in 1997 but resurrected as Kniteforce Again (KFA) in 2001.
Early life
One of Christopher Howell's first passions in life was skateboarding. As a youngster, he was a junior champion in a major competition, and he continued to skate as a hobby for many years after.
On an early school report, his music teacher said that he had no ear for music and that his exam result of 13% reflected this. He was a huge fan of hip-hop music and DJ'd in his spare time well before he experienced the UK rave scene and hardcore music. In fact, he has said that he and his friends ridiculed hardcore music when they first heard it, especially as much of it sampled hip-hop and sped it up. He was persuaded however to go to the hardcore club Labyrinth in 1990, and it changed his view of the music and the scene forever. He soon began buying hardcore music in Music Power Records in Ilford, London, and Boogie Times in Romford. It was here that he met fellow record buyer Tom Orton, who he also worked with in a supermarket. Tom DJ'd as "Mr. Tom" and helped run a weeknight rave called "Ultimatum". Chris began DJing alongside Tom at these raves, and the two of them continued to buy records together in Boogie Times.
Boogie Times Records also had its own record label, Suburban Base, and after talking to the shop owners, Chris and Tom decided to make a record, purely for fun. Tom had a friend, Nick Arnold who had his own studio and had some experience in music production. The three of them decided on the name Smart E's and set about making a tune.
Career
Smart E's
Smart E's released its first single in 1992 on Boogie Times Records. It was called "Bogus Adventure" and was a simple hardcore track that featured samples from the film Bill and Ted's Excellent Adventure. It only sold a few hundred copies, which wasn't unusual for the first release on a small hardcore imprint. The group then produced a track sampling the theme song from Sesame Street entitled "Sesame's Treet". By this time, the Boogie Times Records label was no longer in business, so this track appeared on parent label Suburban Base Records. A number of promos were pressed and interest in the record skyrocketed. Steve Jackson hosted a house music show on London radio station Kiss FM, and began playing the record every day. Suburban Base and Smart E's saw an opportunity and realised that the record had the potential to be a big seller. They drafted Jackson to do a remix for the main release of the record. The record was being played at raves and on pirate radio stations (which were the main channel for hardcore music), and demand saw the number of copies requested by the distributor climb from 1,000 to 10,000 to 50,000. When the record was released it reached 2 on the UK singles chart, which at the time was the highest debut single entry ever.
The success of "Sesame's Treet" brought media attention to Howell and Smart E's. Many dance music magazines panned the trio as either a joke or opportunists trying to cash in on the rave scene. The first and second records were novelty records of sorts. "Sesame's Treet" was picked up for worldwide distribution and Smart E's signed with Pyrotech/Big Beat/Atlantic Records. They toured the United States, doing 29 live PAs in 32 days. Howell felt that the group was ripped off by many people during this time, and although Smart E's produced one album for Atlantic Records, he did not feel that he could continue working under the Smart E's name.
Kniteforce Records
To have more control over his music, Howell bought a studio and founded Kniteforce Records. The label's first release, The Luna-C Project 1 – Edge of Madness, was produced by Luna-C but engineered by Austin Reynolds at Suburban Base Records as Howell hadn't learned how to record. The second release, The Luna-C Project 2 – Mission of Madness, was entirely produced by Luna-C in his studio.
1992–1995
Kniteforce continued to release records which sold well in Germany and the UK. A good release would sell 5,000 copies and a hit would sell much more. Rebecca Try designed all of the label's logos, artwork and covers. Many of the tracks were played by DJs in the scene at the time. Howell produced tracks under the aliases Luna-C and Cru-L-T, and as part of the groups Future Primitive and The Trip. He took engineering duties on all Kniteforce releases, until artists DJ Force & The Evolution and DJ Ham presented ready-for-release tracks to Howell. During this period Luna-C very rarely performed DJ shows.
In 1995 Howell formed Remix Records with hardcore DJ Jimmy J, who owned a shop of the same name in Camden, London. The label and the shop shared the same logo, and the shop became a front for the Kniteforce label.
Under the name Cru-L-T, Howell produced Remix Records tracks with Jimmy J. They found success with the tracks "Take Me Away" and "Six Days", which sampled house tracks but reworked the vocals with piano riffs. "Six Days" sold well in Australia, and Howell and Jimmy J travelled there to DJ and perform live PAs to promote the record.
Rise and fall
Kniteforce records were not selling in the numbers Howell had anticipated. To bring more sales to the label, he commissioned a series of remixes from big-name DJs including Slipmatt, Sy, Vibes and Ramos.
Hardcore changed in 1995 with heavily distorted kick drum riding over the well-established breakbeats. Some of Luna-C's productions mirrored this to keep up with the sound, and in 1996 he set up Malice Records to cater to the hard-edged gabber sound that was being mixed with UK happy hardcore. The first release on Malice Records sold very well, but later releases underperformed in sales.
Howell started a sublabel called Knitebreed, intended for up-and-coming producers, but was unimpressed with the material submitted. He ended up using the label to release tracks from his various aliases. By this time Howell was recording under the names The Timespan, Eko, Garion Fey and DJ Psycangle, and as part of 2 Croozin and 2 Xperience, as well as the usual Luna-C and Cru-L-T monikers. This gave the label the appearance of having a larger roster of artists while allowing Howell greater anonymity.
As Luna-C, Howell had a unique sound he was passionate about, but these tracks weren't selling well and he became disenchanted with the hardcore scene in general. He got into trance music and started an unsuccessful trance label called Strange Room. Facing financial difficulties, Howell halted production on the label and lost interest in making music altogether. DJ Brisk, who had released tunes on Remix Records, formed Next Generation Records with Kniteforce stalwart DJ Ham; DJ Force & The Evolution started UK Dance and split into the two duos DJ Force & Styles and New Motion. Howell found himself in debt for taxes, and in 1997 was forced to sell Kniteforce Records.
Howell sold Kniteforce Records to Death Becomes Me, Ltd., which owned Rogue Trooper, Happy Trax, Punisher and a few other labels. He continued to engineer for the label, and produce tunes under yet more guises, but Kniteforce stopped releasing at number 60. Remix Records stopped its first run under Luna-C's direction, but the name was bought up by another company that released records under the same name and logo. That company in turn sold it on, and the label has continued in one form or another, on and off for years, but no longer has any association with Jimmy J & Cru-L-T.
After the label was sold, and as Luna-C started to recover his financial footing, he married a Japanese woman and began DJing in Japan during 1998. He forged a set that included custom-made dubplates that he created. This was Luna-C's first sign that he was edging back into the hardcore scene. He released a couple of tracks under the Keep It Fresh label, which were old style breakbeat hardcore, but these sold under 500 copies. Luna-C later divorced and cleared his debts in 1999.
Influential Records and Dyne
After losing interest in the hardcore scene, Luna-C became aware of a drum and bass tune called "Tower Bass" by DJ Aphrodite. It was the first tune that had inspired him in a long time. Using Aphrodite's style as a template, Luna-C started Influential Records. He had once produced a jungle-style tune on a one-off release on JFK Recordings as Hired Gun; under a variety of different names again, Howell started to release tunes on the Influential imprint. These began as collaborations with DJ Influence. A couple of the Influential tunes were released under the Infiltration Records banner, which was resurrected in 2001. Influential Records had pushed the Jump-Up style of drum and bass, and as that style faded from popularity in 1999 he started the Dyne label for a darker style of drum and bass.
Knite Force Again (KFA)
Luna-C had requests for represses of the Kniteforce back catalogue, but the original plates had all been destroyed when the vinyl pressing plant the label used went bankrupt. In 2001 he decided to release a record on a new label called KFA Recordings, which was essentially a new style hardcore remix of both "Six Days" and "Take Me Away" by Jimmy J & Cru-L-T. As Luna-C no longer owned the rights to those names, he renamed them "Sicks Daze" and "Hand of Destiny".
Around this time DJ Deluxe, a longtime Kniteforce fan, approached Luna-C about creating an official Kniteforce Records website. The website was launched and became the hub of all Kniteforce-related activity, including a forum where a small community of hardcore Kniteforce fans formed.
Luna-C released KFA's second single, Luna-C Projects 8 & 9, and then brought many of Kniteforce's original artists back to release new material. KFA reintroduced the breakbeat sound to a hardcore scene, which at the time was dominated by the trance-influenced freeform style. KFA releases sold quickly and on 10 May 2002, Luna-C bought back the Kniteforce Records label, all its subsidiaries, and all the rights to the music and the logos (with the exception of the Remix Records logo, which had been sold along with the shop in Camden). This created a lot of excitement, especially on the Internet.
"Supasets"
In 2002 Luna-C began a world tour as a DJ. KFA continued to do well, and Luna-C released tunes as Cru-L-T and The Timespan, and The Luna-C Project X (11 Reasons Why) in October. By 2003 he split his time between managing the label and DJing at raves in the United States, Canada, Australia, New Zealand, and Europe. In addition to releasing records on KFA, demand for his remixes increased, with his remix of DJ Skywalker's "Killerwhale" a notable example from 2003. In October 2003, he released the album 11 Reasons More, which covered a wide range of hardcore music styles and experimented in hardcore production. He began DJing a planned set, the "Supaset", which incorporated every style of hardcore music and varied in tempo throughout with the aid of Luna-C's self-produced "DJ Toolz". In April 2004, Luna-C released "My Angel" along with a special video produced for the tune on DVD. The single gained wider play than anything previously on KFA and received positive reviews in UK dance music magazines.
After the success of the first "Supaset", which was recorded and released as a free download on the Kniteforce Records website, Luna-C released a follow-up, and then after touring that set for a number of months, a third. The sets were popular among followers of hardcore music, and Luna-C's released material displayed a harder edge and skipped wildly between breakbeats and gabber. German producer Panacea started to release material on KFA in 2003, and his influence on Luna-C's direction in production was evident on 2004's "Victory", a split single with Panacea's "Winter Mute". October 2004 also saw Luna-C's first venture into event promotion when Kniteforce's 12th birthday party was held at the Electrowerkz in London.
By 2005 sales of KFA records had started to wane. Luna-C had already established an online Kniteforce store after its previous outlet closed down, and much of Kniteforce's revenue had actually started to come from merchandise sold on the site.
Luna-C saw an opportunity to collaborate with some of the other like-minded small hardcore labels that had emerged since Kniteforce's return to the picture and formed All-4-1, a collective of labels that shared a similar philosophy on how to continue to push hardcore music forward. The Kniteforce web shop morphed into the All-4-1 site, which also became the main outlet for the other labels. The entire back catalogue of Kniteforce and its related labels and releases became available through a "create your own CD" feature on the site.
Vinyl is better?
At the beginning of 2006, Luna-C announced that it was unlikely there would be any further KFA releases on vinyl due to rising costs and relatively poor sales. Although there was still a dedicated following to KFA, Luna-C said that it wasn't enough to pay the bills. However, soon after this he announced his intention to change direction in producing and to go back to old skool style breakbeat hardcore. This was met with a mixed response, but when some new productions were previewed on the Internet, feedback was very positive. Howell stated that he would continue to release vinyl as long as he possibly could, and would produce both old skool style breakbeat hardcore and the new style he has been pioneering.
In May 2006, KFA put out two more vinyl releases, one of which was a Luna-C in a breakbeat hardcore style. These releases coincided with a new KFA CD album of unmixed tracks. May also saw the release of the awaited "Luna-C FM" set. This was sent to all buyers of an executive edition of a previous KFA vinyl release, along with a DVD that featured the mix with visuals created by KFA to go along with the music. The mix was then released as a free download. It blends commercial pop music with Luna-C's own brand of breakbeat hardcore, drum and bass and gabber, and plays in the style of a live radio show.
Luna-C announced plans to close the "create your own CD" service at the KFA shop on the All-4-1 website and replace it with an mp3 store selling high bitrate mp3s of Kniteforce music.
After being introduced to the band Keane by a mutual acquaintance, Luna-C was asked to do an official remix of one of their songs. He remixed "A Bad Dream" in two separate versions.
Personal life
On 11 June 2006, Luna-C married fellow KFA artist Bexxie. In early 2014, it was revealed they had divorced.
Subsequently, in December 2015, Luna-C announced he was engaged to his long-time girlfriend, Cindy Carter, and expecting a baby in Spring 2016. Wilder Read Howell was born 30 March 2016, and a few months later, on 24 September 2016, Luna-C married Cindy (Carter) Howell. On 19 September 2017, Luna-C and Cindy announced the birth of their second son, Phoenix Read Howell.
References
Other sources
Green, Thomas H: "Nightmare on Sesame Street", DJ Magazine, Issue 154, p. 7–20, December 1995
External links
Kniteforcerevolution – Official Kniteforce Website.
HappyHardcore.com – Extensive Luna-C discography
1973 births
Living people
DJs from London
Breakbeat hardcore musicians
English dance musicians
English record producers
Hardcore techno musicians
People from Isleworth
Electronic dance music DJs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luna-C |
SHG may refer to:
Sacred Heart-Griffin High School, Springfield, Illinois, US
Samoyed hereditary glomerulopathy, a dog disease
Scandinavian Hunter-Gatherer, an archaeogenetic lineage
Second-harmonic generation in optical physics
Segmented Hyper Graphics, a file format
Self Help Graphics & Art
Self-help group (finance)
Standard German, also known as Standard High German
Sweden Hockey Games
SHG, IATA code for Shungnak Airport in Alaska, US | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHG |
The Battle of Topáter, or Battle of Calama, was fought on March 23, 1879 between Chile and Bolivia. It was the first battle of the War of the Pacific.
The Chileans were taking possession of the Antofagasta (Litoral) Province, then a part of Bolivia. The few Bolivian troops decided to make a stand in the town of Calama. On their way to occupy Calama, 554 Chilean troops, including cavalry and with two Krupp rifled guns, were opposed by 135 Bolivian soldiers and civilian residents led by Dr. Ladislao Cabrera, a civilian and a political authority in the region.
The Bolivians fought next to the Topáter ford, which runs outside the city. Cabrera dug in at two destroyed bridges; calls to surrender were rejected before and during the battle. Outnumbered and low in ammunition, most of the Bolivian force eventually withdrew except for a small group of civilians, led by Colonel Eduardo Abaroa, that fought to the end.
The Bolivian national hero, Abaroa, died in the battle. Further ground battles would not take place until the war at sea had been completed.
References
Battles involving Chile
Battles involving Bolivia
Battles of the War of the Pacific
Conflicts in 1879
1879 in Chile
1879 in Bolivia
Battle of Topater
March 1879 events | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Top%C3%A1ter |
Friedrich Ludwig Persius (15 February 1803 in Potsdam – 12 July 1845 in Potsdam) was a Prussian architect and a student of Karl Friedrich Schinkel.
Persius assisted Schinkel with, among others, the building of the Charlottenhof Palace and the Roman Baths in Sanssouci Park in Potsdam. He was also involved with the construction of the Great Fountain, the Church of Peace, and the Orangery and observation tower on the Ruinenberg opposite Sanssouci Palace.
Life
Persius was born in Potsdam, where he went to public school and grammar school. From 1817 to 1819 he worked with the building inspector Gotthil Hecker; he enrolled as a carpenter. From 1819 he studied to become a surveyor at the Academy of Architecture in Berlin, and took his exam in March 1821. From 1821 he worked as a building planner in Potsdam, working under, among others, Karl Friedrich Schinkel during the building of the castle and church on the grounds of Graf Potocki at Kraków. In 1824 Persius became a member of the Association of Architects. In Glienicke he worked as a successful architect under Schinkel. In 1826 he passed his exam to become a master builder at the Academy of Architecture in Berlin, and became a building planner in Charlottenhof.
In 1827 he married Pauline Sello (1808–1883), with whom he had six children: Elisabeth (1829–80), Ludwig (1832–1902), Marie (1834–47), Reinhold (1835–1912), Conrad (1836–1903) and Felix (1842–1885).
In 1829 Persius became a building inspector with the Royal Government in Potsdam. In 1833 he completed his first independent work, renovating the artificial mills (near the Roman Baths) into a residential house for Handmann, the gardener. In 1834 he became the Royal Court Building Inspector.
In 1840 he made a journey on the Rhine, that brought him to, among others, Heidelberg and Bacharach, as well as the Stolzenfels Castle and Ehrenbreitstein Fortress. In 1841 he travelled to Paris, and went on to visit Munich, Strasbourg, Andernach, Remagen-Rolandseck, Bad Godesberg and Cologne. In 1842 he went on a further journey: to Lehnin, Chorin, Halle and thence to Erfurt.
In 1841 Frederick William IV named Persius as his court architect. In 1842 he became a Royal Architectural Advisor and member of the Chief Architectural Authority. In 1843/44 Persius worked for Prince Hermann von Pückler-Muskau among others.
In 1843 he made a further journey on the Rhine, which included Bingen, Bad Godesberg and Trier. In 1844 he travelled to Bad Muskau and the Netherlands. In 1845 he undertook a journey to Italy via Nîmes, Marseille and Genoa to Rome, Naples, Vicenza, Padua, Venice and Verona.
In 1845 Persius was appointed as Head Architectural Advisor with retrospective effect from 12 October 1842. On 12 July 1845 he died and was laid to rest in the Bornstedt Cemetery in Sello-Teil (near the Krongut Bornstedt).
Works
Built in co-operation with Schinkel
1821, castle and church on the grounds of Graf Potocki at Kraków
Remaining
1833, house in Sanssouci Park near the Roman Baths
1834/35, Traveller's and Fisherman's House in Uetz (in Uetz-Paaren, near Potsdam)
1837/38, Schierstedt Farmhouse in Gräben-Dahlen
1838/39, gardener and machine house, the Devil's Bridge, Orangery and greenhouse in Glienicke Park (in Berlin-Wannsee)
1840, Stibadium in Park Glienicke (in Berlin-Wannsee)
1840/41, Entenfang Establishment at the Safari Park (in Geltow, Schwielowsee) as well as the rebuilding of the side wings of the Sanssouci Palace
1840-42, Rebuilding of Glienicke Palace (in Berlin-Wannsee)
1841, Prince's Underforester's House at Moorlake (in Berlin-Wannsee); first blueprints for the Church of Peace (completed in 1844)
1841/42, Stag Gate in Glienicke Park; first, second and third Forester's Establishment and the Gamekeeper's House in the Safari Park; Blueprints for the dome of the Church of St. Nikolai (completed in 1850)
1841-43, Conversion of the Royal Civil Cabinet House (in Potsdam, Allee nach Sanssouci 6); Head gardener's House in Sello (now the Villa Kache in Potsdam, Maulbeerallee 2); Steam engine house for Sanssouci (in Potsdam, Breite Str. 28); steam flour mills of the former Preußische Seehandlung (in Potsdam, Zeppelinstr. 136)
1841-44, Church of the Redeemer and Roman Bank in Potsdam-Sacrow (Krampnitzer Str. 9); Fountains and minor architectural details in Sanssouci Park; Atrium and Pergola in the Paradise Garden (completed in 1848); Mulberry Alley, now part of the Botanical Gardens at the University of Potsdam
1842, north wing of the Picture Gallery and conversion of the New Chambers (near Sanssouci Palace); Blueprints of the Exedra on Ruinenberg (completed 1843/44)
1842-44, Charlottenhof Pheasantry (in Potsdam, Geschwister-Scholl-Str. 36)
1842/43, Blueprints for the Körner Repository on the site of the Department of Provisions (in Potsdam, Leipziger Str. 7/8); Hunter's Gate in Glienicke Park (in Berlin-Wannsee)
1843, Seaman's House in Schweizerstil in Glienicke Park (in Berlin-Wannsee); Blueprints for the Villa Tieck (completed 1845/46; in Potsdam, Schopenhauerstr. 24); Blueprints for Ahok House (completed 1845; in Potsdam, Weinbergstr. 9); Plans for the conversion of the Villa Illaire (formerly the house of the head gardener Voss; completed 1846)
1843/44, Brandt House (in Potsdam, Zeppelinstr. 189); Orangery in Fürst-Pückler Park in Bad Muskau; Viaduct in Potsdam-Bornstedt ("Devil's Grave Bridge" over the Bornstedt Durchstich); Preacher House in Lehnin; Conversion and extension of the dairy farm in the New Garden
1843-45, Extension of Babelsberg Castle; Engine house and gatekeeper's house in Potsdam-Babelsberg; Villa Tiedke (in Potsdam, Reiterweg 1); Villa Schöningen (in Potsdam, Berliner Str. 86)
1844, Blueprints for Lindstedt Castle (completed elsewhere in Potsdam); Blueprints for the Norman tower on the Ruinenberg (completed 1845 under chief architectural advisor Ferdinand von Arnim); Blueprints for the Nedlitzer Farmhouse (in Potsdam-Neu Fahrland, Tschudistr. 1); Bornim Economy Grange (only the tower remains; in Potsdam, Max-Eyth-Allee); House of Master Carpenter Rietz (in Potsdam-Bornstedt, Ribbeckstr. 22); Blueprints for the church in Saarmund (completed 1846-48)
1844/45, conversion of Minerva Box (in Potsdam, Kiezstr. 10)
1845, Farmyard in Glienicke Park (in Berlin-Wannsee); Blueprints for the church in Heringsdorf (1846-48 ausgeführt)
No longer remaining
1835-39, Villa Jacobs
1837, Villa Persius; Barns (Schweizerhaus) at the Historic Mill in Sanssouci Park
1842, Gangway over the Potsdam City Canal
1842/43, Kneib steam mills; Jacobs sugar silo
1844, Plans for the Nedlitz Northern Bridge (completed 1853/54, demolished 2001 despite preservation status); "To Doktor Faust" pub in Potsdam-Sacrow
References
Architekturführer Ludwig Persius - Architekt des Königs, Baukunst unter Friedrich Wilhelm IV., Hrsg.: Stiftung Preußische Schlösser und Gärten Berlin-Brandenburg, Potsdam 2003
External links
1803 births
1845 deaths
People from Potsdam
19th-century German architects
People from the Margraviate of Brandenburg | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich%20Ludwig%20Persius |
The San Marino Federal Trophy () was a Supercup of association football in San Marino. The tournament began in 1986. The tournament had four teams: the finalists of the Premier League play-offs and Cup.
The final competition was held in 2011. It was replaced with the Super Coppa Sammarinese.
Winners
By year
1986 - La Fiorita
1987 - La Fiorita
1988 - Virtus
1989 - Libertas
1990 - Domagnano
1991 - Tre Fiori
1992 - Libertas
1993 - Tre Fiori
1994 - Faetano
1995 - Cosmos
1996 - Libertas
1997 - Folgore
1998 - Cosmos
1999 - Cosmos
2000 - Folgore
2001 - Domagnano
2002 - Cailungo
2003 - Pennarossa
2004 - Domagnano
2005 - Tre Penne
2006 - Murata
2007 - La Fiorita
2008 - Murata
2009 - Murata
2010 - Tre Fiori
2011 - Tre Fiori
Performance by club
References
External links
San Marino - List of Cup Winners, RSSSF.com
San Marino
Supercup
1986 establishments in San Marino
2011 disestablishments in San Marino
Recurring sporting events established in 1986
Recurring events disestablished in 2011
Defunct sports competitions in San Marino | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trofeo%20Federale |
Dodds may refer to:
Dodds (surname), people with the surname Dodds
Dodds Range, a former name of the Xueshan Range on Taiwan Island
Dodds, Iowa, a ghost town
Dodds, Missouri, an unincorporated community
Dodds, Ohio, a US unincorporated place
Dodds Township, Jefferson County, Illinois, US
Department of Defense Dependents Schools (DoDDS)
Isaac Dodds and Son, a UK railway engine manufacturer
See also
Dods (disambiguation)
Dod (disambiguation)
Dodd (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodds |
Parcelforce Worldwide is a courier and logistics service in the United Kingdom. Parcelforce Worldwide is a trading name of the Royal Mail, which is a subsidiary of International Distributions Services, and is organised within the UK Parcels, International and Letters division of the group. The company delivers to destinations worldwide, using an international partner network. Parcelforce Worldwide is a provider of express delivery services covering 99.6% of the world's population, with over 6500 employees.
Its European delivery partner, General Logistics Systems (GLS), is also a subsidiary of International Distributions Services and delivers more than one million parcels a day across 34 countries in Europe. Parcelforce Worldwide is a direct competitor of other worldwide delivery brands, such as DHL, DX Group, FedEx and UPS.
Parcelforce Limited operates a "hub and spoke" collection and delivery system with two hubs based at Coventry, adjacent to the airport. One hub is for parcels for the United Kingdom, and the other for international parcels. The hub of the United Kingdom, one of the country's largest buildings, is a highly automated tracking and sorting centre covering and can handle up to 58,500 parcels an hour.
History
The Parcel Post service of Royal Mail was started in 1883, though parcel services operated by the railway companies, later Red Star Parcels and British Road Services, were also heavily used for many decades. Royal Mail was separated into three divisions in 1986 and in August 1990, Royal Mail Parcels was rebranded as Parcelforce.
In July 1992, the Secretary of State for Trade and Industry, Michael Heseltine, proposed a privatisation of the Parcelforce business. He argued that the company provided most of its services to businesses rather than individuals, and that the competitive market it operated in meant there was no need for it to remain a publicly owned company.
In March 2002, the universal parcels service was transferred to Royal Mail leaving Parcelforce to concentrate on time guaranteed, next-day and two-day express deliveries.
In January 2007, Parcelforce Worldwide became the first express carrier in the United Kingdom to give its customers the option to offset the carbon emissions associated with the delivery of their parcels. The company allowed customers to donate 5p for a delivery for the United Kingdom, or 10p for an international delivery to The Woodland Trust. Parcelforce would then match the donation.
In October 2012, Royal Mail announced an investment of £75 million in Parcelforce Worldwide planned over four years, which will involve the opening of new processing centres in Chorley, Lancashire and depots in Basingstoke, Hampshire and Bodmin, Cornwall.
In September 2021, Aaron Barnes took over as Managing Director of Parcelforce Worldwide.
Depot network
Parcelforce Worldwide operates its collection and delivery services via a network of 54 “local” depots. These have been strategically located around the United Kingdom from Inverness in the north of Scotland to Plymouth in the southwest of England. There are two depots in Wales, one central depot in Northern Ireland (serving Belfast) and two smaller satellite depots.
The largest posters also have the option of a direct feed collection. In other words, rather than a local depot collecting parcels for sorting, a trailer is left on site, filled up during the course of the working day and then taken directly to Coventry for processing.
References
External links
Royal Mail
Logistics companies of the United Kingdom
Transport companies established in 1990
Express mail
Postal system of the United Kingdom
1990 establishments in the United Kingdom | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parcelforce |
Yongkang (), formerly known as Lizhou (), is a county-level city located in the central part of Zhejiang province, in the People's Republic of China. It is southeast of the Jinhua City boundary and approximately 180 km (111.8 mi) from Hangzhou. It has an area of and a population of 964,203 as of the 2020 census, including more than 100,000 non-resident workers. According to a 2010 census, its built-up (or metro) area of Yongkang City and Wuyi County was home to 1,426,659 inhabitants. Yongkang is known as the "hardware capital of China."
History
The Chinese name Yongkang means "eternal well-being." The city was formally established in 245CE in the Wu Kingdom, during the Three Kingdoms (220280CE) period. In the last two decades, the city has become known for both its aggressive promotion of tourism and its booming hardware manufacturing industry. It is widely considered "the hardware capital of China," though Shenzhen has also been given the title. In 2003, Yongkang's GDP ranked 47th out of over one thousand counties nationwide.
Lizhou was the ancient name of Yongkang. According to legend, when the mother of Sun Quan, the King of Wu, was ill, she went on a pilgrimage to pray for "eternal well-being" at a temple in Lizhou. After she recovered, Sun Quan was very pleased and named the area Yongkang ("eternal well-being") after her speedy recovery. At that time, it was a part of Wushang City; however, during the Tang dynasty, Yongkang was independently recognized under the name Lizhou, eventually becoming the general administrative area of Yue Prefecture.
In 1992, the State Council approved Yongkang as a county-level city.
Administrative divisions
Subdistricts:
Dongcheng Subdistrict ()
Xicheng Subdistrict ()
Jiangnan Subdistrict ()
Towns:
Economy
Since ancient times, Yongkang has been known for its hardware production. After 30 years of reform and modernization, Yongkang evolved from traditional to modern hardware, accelerating the pace of industrial upgrading and product branding. The county then became known domestically and abroad as a "hardware capital."
The city of Yongkang has always enjoyed the name "City of Metals," as metals and machinery are its flagship industry. Other industries in the city have grown consistently, including the production of electric tools, building materials, and automobile/motorcycle accessories. Additionally, the city is a national base for the production of anti-theft doors, electric bicycles, scooters, and thermal cups.
Due to fears of industrial theft, the Yongkang door industry, which has maintained its growth since 1997, has now become the eighth-largest Yongkang hardware industry. It has 454 enterprise portal products and produces four anti-theft doors every day, accounting for 1% of the national output of anti-theft doors. 52% of the national output of stainless steel tableware and 45% of the national output of the daily-use weighing apparatus come from Yongkang, along with a third of the national output of power tools. Packaging drums, non-slip case scales and other products accounted for more than 90% of the domestic market. Scooters, gas stove burners, pumps and saw blades are its primary exports.
Geographical
Yongkang is located in the central part of Zhejiang province, in the People's Republic of China. It is southeast of the Jinhua City boundary and approximately 180 km (111.8 mi) from Hangzhou. It has an area of .
Climate
Cityscape
See also
Xijin Bridge, a famous covered bridge in China
Yongkang railway station
References
External links
The city of doors.china doors city
Official site
City Map
County-level cities in Zhejiang
Geography of Jinhua | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yongkang%2C%20Zhejiang |
The Eighteen-Carat Kid and Other Stories is a collection of early short stories and a novella by P. G. Wodehouse, first published in the United States on September 1, 1980 by Continuum, New York City, five years after Wodehouse's death.
The collection was edited and introduced by one of Wodehouse's biographers, David A. Jasen. The stories had all previously appeared in magazines, and William Tell Told Again (a retelling of the William Tell legend) was published as an illustrated book in the United Kingdom in 1904.
Contents
"The Eighteen-Carat Kid"
UK: The Captain, January 3, 1913
"The Wire-Pullers" (starring Joan Romney)
UK: Strand, July 1905
US: Strand (US), August 1905
"The Prize Poem" (A school story, which appeared in the UK collection Tales of St. Austin's)
UK: Public School Magazine, July 1901
William Tell Told Again
"Epilogue"
See also
A categorised list of Wodehouse's short stories
External links
The Russian Wodehouse Society's page
1980 short story collections
Short story collections by P. G. Wodehouse
Continuum International Publishing Group books
Books published posthumously | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Eighteen-Carat%20Kid%20and%20Other%20Stories |
Ronald LeFlore (born June 16, 1948) is an American former Major League Baseball center fielder. He played six seasons with the Detroit Tigers before being traded to the Montreal Expos. LeFlore retired with the Chicago White Sox in 1982. He stole 455 bases in his career and was an American League All-Star selection in 1976.
A movie and book were made about LeFlore's rise to the major leagues after being an inmate at the Jackson State Penitentiary. One in a Million: The Ron LeFlore Story was a made-for-television movie starring LeVar Burton that aired on CBS in 1978. LeFlore is the cousin of former MLB outfielder Todd Steverson.
Early life
LeFlore was born in Detroit, Michigan, and was involved in the criminal justice system at an early age. Although his parents John and Georgia LeFlore were married, his father was an unemployed alcoholic who rarely took part in family life. His mother was a hard-working nurses' aide who held the family together financially and physically, even feeding Ron while he was a heroin addict and small-time drug dealer. He credits his mother's compassion for his survival during this period. He attended Detroit's Eastern High School.
He was introduced to shooting heroin in a neighborhood 'shooting gallery'. He dropped out of school and spent many nights breaking into the Stroh's Brewery on Gratiot Avenue, stealing beer and getting drunk with friends. After dropping out of school, he did not play any organized sports and rarely followed the Tigers, although he had been to Tiger Stadium at least once in childhood, sitting in the upper bleachers with his father. First arrested at 15, he was ultimately sentenced to 5–15 years in state prison at the State Prison of Southern Michigan (usually called Jackson State Penitentiary) for armed robbery of a local bar in January 1970 in which he carried a rifle.
Prison discovery
Incarcerated on April 28, 1970, the first organized baseball league LeFlore played in was for inmates. Jimmy Karalla, a fellow inmate who was imprisoned for extortion, convinced his longtime friend Jimmy Butsicaris who co-owned a Detroit bar frequented by Detroit sports celebrities, to speak to his good friend Billy Martin, then-manager of the Detroit Tigers, to ask him to observe LeFlore. Martin visited Jackson State Prison on May 23, 1973. Martin then helped LeFlore get permission for day-parole and a tryout at Tiger Stadium in June.
In July 1973 the Tigers signed LeFlore to a contract which enabled him to meet the conditions for parole. He was paid a $5,000 bonus and $500 per month for the rest of the 1973 season. Assigned to the Clinton Pilots in the Class A Midwest League, and managed by Jim Leyland, LeFlore hit .277.
The next year he played for the Lakeland Tigers in the Class A Florida State League, and after hitting .331 with 45 steals in 102 games was promoted to the Evansville Triplets of the Class AAA American Association, where he played nine games.
The following season, he made the major league club out of spring training.
Playing career
LeFlore split time in center field in 1974 with veteran Tiger Mickey Stanley before taking over as the starter in 1975. Largely known as a base stealer, in his prime he also hit for average and moderate power. He, along with Mark Fidrych, were the primary reasons that the Tigers' attendance rose in 1976 by close to 5,000 per game over the previous year. Both players made the 1976 American League All-Star team, yet the team never finished higher than fourth in the American League East standings during LeFlore's tenure. In 1977, he hit 16 home runs and batted .325 – both career highs. But 1978 may have been his career year, when he led the league in singles (153), runs scored (126) and stolen bases (68), and finished second in hits (198), plate appearances (741) and at bats (666). He also set career highs in games played, plate appearances, at bats, RBIs, and walks.
After the 1979 season, in which he hit .300 and stole 78 bases, LeFlore was traded to the Montreal Expos for Dan Schatzeder on December 7. In 1980, he came closest to playoff action as he stole a career-high 97 bases (becoming the first player to lead both leagues in steals) to help the Expos finish the season in second place, only a game behind the eventual World Series champion Philadelphia Phillies. His 97 steals made him only the fourth National League player since 1900 to have 95 or more steals in a season joining Maury Wills, Lou Brock and Omar Moreno (who stole 96 bases in 1980).
In 1981 he signed with the Chicago White Sox as a free agent, but he played in only a combined 173 games in his two years there. After failing to make the Chisox roster in the spring of 1983, he was released by the team on April 2 and he announced his retirement. Soon afterward, he revealed that he was actually four years older than he had previously admitted, possibly giving some explanation for his rapid decline with the White Sox.
As of the end of the 2011 season, LeFlore's 1976, 1978 and 1979 seasons were 10th, 6th and 3rd respectively on the Tigers' all-time single-season stolen base list and his 294 steals are 4th on the Tigers' career list. His 97 stolen bases for the Expos in 1980 are still a record for the Expos/Washington Nationals franchise. He also finished in the top ten in his league in triples, finishing as high as 3rd in 1980 with 11. Despite his speed and in contrast to his above-average hitting, he was never adept in the field. In his career, he finished in the top five outfielders in errors every year except 1979, leading the league in outfield errors in 1974, 1976, 1980 and 1982 (despite playing in only 91 games in '82). His worst moment in the field was when he misplayed a ball into a four-base error. Notoriously, on August 1, 1982, in a game against the Boston Red Sox, LeFlore was in center field when in the 6th inning Boston leadoff hitter, catcher Gary Allenson, hit a soft liner off Sox starter Jerry Koosman. As he drifted back for the catch, the ball struck him on the forehead near the bill of his cap, took a wild bounce and rolled away. By the time anyone got to it, Allenson had crossed the plate with an unearned run. LeFlore also struck out frequently, finishing in the top ten in his league in strikeouts five times (and second in the American League in 1975 with 139).
Career statistics
In 1099 games over nine seasons, Leflore posted a .288 batting average (1283-for-4458) with 731 runs, 172 doubles, 57 triples, 59 home runs, 353 RBI, 455 stolen bases, 363 bases on balls, .342 on-base percentage and .392 slugging percentage. He finished his career with a .968 fielding percentage playing at center and left field.
After playing career
In 1988 while working as a baggage handler for Eastern Airlines, LeFlore saw an ad for an umpire school run by MLB umpire Joe Brinkman. He attended the five-week course after which top graduates are assigned to whatever openings exist on the minor league level, hoping to make it back to the majors eventually as an umpire, but barely missed his opportunity.
In 1989, LeFlore played for the St. Petersburg Pelicans and Bradenton Explorers of the Senior Professional Baseball Association, hitting .328 in 44 games overall (11 with St. Petersburg and 33 with Bradenton). In 1990, he played for the Florida Tropics of the SPBA. He played in 18 games, hit two home runs and drove in nine runs. He also had the second-highest batting average with .403 when the league folded.
In 1995, Leflore managed the Newburgh Night Hawks of the Northeast League to a 28–45 record.
On September 27, 1999, LeFlore was arrested at the closing ceremonies of Tiger Stadium for unpaid child support for his adult daughter and her mother. LeFlore had been living in St. Petersburg, Florida at the time, and ultimately was not jailed in exchange for making payments.
In 2000, LeFlore was hired as the manager of the now-defunct Cook County Cheetahs of the Frontier League. He also worked as a manager and coach in the Midwest and Northeastern leagues. In the spring of 2003, he was hired as manager for the Saskatoon Legends franchise in the fledgling Canadian Baseball League, a league that folded midway through its inaugural season.
On May 5, 2007, during an autograph signing, LeFlore was again arrested for failure to pay child support.
In the summer of 2011 LeFlore had his right leg amputated from the knee down due to complications caused by arterial vascular disease, a result of his having smoked cigarettes since he was a teenager, and lost 100 pounds as a result of three surgeries. He now uses a prosthetic leg and lives in St. Petersburg, Florida.
See also
List of Major League Baseball annual runs scored leaders
List of Major League Baseball annual stolen base leaders
List of Major League Baseball career stolen bases leaders
Notes
External links
Detroit Athletic
Un vrai dur à cuire, Journal de Montréal by Réjean Tremblay
Accro à la cocaine, Journal de Montréal by Jim Ha
1948 births
Living people
African-American baseball players
American amputees
American expatriate baseball players in Canada
American League All-Stars
American League stolen base champions
American robbers
Baseball players from Detroit
Bradenton Explorers players
Chicago White Sox players
Clinton Pilots players
Detroit Tigers players
Evansville Triplets players
Lakeland Tigers players
Major League Baseball center fielders
Martin Luther King Jr. Senior High School alumni
Minor league baseball managers
Montreal Expos players
National League stolen base champions
Prisoners and detainees of Michigan
St. Petersburg Pelicans players
21st-century African-American people
20th-century African-American sportspeople | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ron%20LeFlore |
The Gulf of Tunis () is a large Mediterranean bay in north-eastern Tunisia, extending for from Cape Farina in the west to Cape Bon in the east. Tunis, the capital city of Tunisia, lies at the south-western edge of the Gulf, as have a series of settled places over the last three millennia. Djebel Ressas rises to around south of the southern edge of the Gulf.
The central part of the gulf, corresponding to the city of Tunis, is favorable to the implementation of a commercial port due to its location of being a well protected area. The famous city of Carthage was built on the gulf shores.
References
Tunis
Tunis
Gulfs of Africa | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf%20of%20Tunis |
D'Arcy Jonathan Dacre Boulton, (born 1946) is a Canadian medieval historian, and heraldic author and artist.
Education and career
Having obtained a Bachelor of Arts degree from the University of Trinity College (1969) and a Master of Arts degree from the University of Pennsylvania, Boulton completed a D.Phil. from the University of Oxford, studying at St. John's College, in 1976 and a Ph.D. from the University of Pennsylvania in 1978. He taught at Davidson College and Harvard University before becoming a faculty member at the University of Notre Dame in Notre Dame, Indiana where he retired as Emeritus Professor of History and Medieval Studies in 2015.
Boulton is a member of the Académie Internationale d'Héraldique. In 1993, he was elected as a Fellow of the Royal Heraldry Society of Canada, and he served as the registrar (1998-2022) and vice-dean (2004-22) of the society's College of Fellows. Since 2008, he has edited Alta Studia Heraldica: The Scholarly Journal of the Royal Heraldry Society of Canada. Boulton has produced armorial achievements for individual divisions of both Harvard and Notre Dame.
Publications
The Knights in the Crown: The Monarchical Orders of Knighthood in Late Medieval Europe, 1326–1520, second edition, revised and expanded (Boydell and Brewer, 2000), .
Co-editor, The Ideology of Burgundy: Fashioning a 'National' Identity in the Literary, Political and Historical Vernacular (Brill, 2006), .
"The Middle French Statutes of the Monarchical Order of the Ship (Naples, 1381): A Critical Edition with Introduction and Notes," Mediaeval Studies 47 (1985), pp. 168-271.
"Belts, Brooches, Collars, and Crosses: The Development of the Insignia of the Monarchical Orders of Knighthood, 1325-1693," in Heraldry in Canada, 21.5 (December 1987), pp. 9-39.
"Insignia of Power: The Use of Heraldic and Para-Heraldic Devices by Italian Princes, c. 1350-1500," in Art and Politics in Late Medieval and Early Renaissance Italy, 1250-1500, ed. Charles M. Rosenberg, (Notre Dame and London: University of Notre Dame Press, 1990), pp. 103-127.
"Contesse, Duchesse, Marchise, Viscontesse: The Appearance of Feminine Forms of Titles of Dignity in France, 850-1200," in Romance Languages Annual, 5 (1993), pp. 5-13.
"Dynasties, Domains, and Dominions: The Use and Non-use of Territorial Arms by French Princes, c. 1200-c.1500", in Académie Internationale d’Héraldique, VIII Colloquium, Canterbury, 29th August-4th September 1993, Proceedings, Cecil R. Humphery-Smith, ed., Canterbury, 1995, pp. 39-74.
"Classic Knighthood as Nobiliary Dignity: The Knighting of Counts and Kings' Sons in England 1066-1272," in Medieval Knighthood V: Papers from the fifth Strawberry Hill Conference 1994, ed. S. Church, (Woodbridge: The Boydell Press 1995), pp. 40-100.
"Sir Gawain and the Green Knight: A Poem for Henry of Grosmont?" (with W. G. Cooke), Medium Aevum 68 (1999), pp. 32-44.
The Monarchical (and Curial) Orders of Knighthood before the Reformation: A Reassessment in the Light of Recent Research", in Les Ordres de Chevalerie, ed. André Damien, Membre de l’Institut (Paris: Fondation Singer-Polignac, 1999), pp. 85-136.
"The Treatise on Armory in Christine de Pizan's Livre des Fais d’Armes et de Chevalerie and its place in the Tradition of Heraldic Didacticism", in Contexts and Continuities: Proceedings of the IVth International Colloquium on Christine de Pizan (Glasgow, 21-27 July 2000), published in honour of Lilane Dulac, ed. Angus J. Kennedy et. al. (Glasgow, Univ. of Glasgow Press, 2002), Vol. I, pp. 87-98.
"A Fair Field Full of Folk (But Only Beyond the Sea): The Study of the Nobilities of Latin Europe," in Historically Speaking 4.2 (November, 2002), pp. 5-7.
"Knighthood and Nobility in the Lay Orders and Nobiliary Societies of the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Centuries", in As Ordens militares e de Cavalaria na Construção do Moundo Ocidental — Actas do IV Encontro sobre Ordens Militares, (Lisbon, Portugal: Edições Colibri/ Câmara Municipal de Palmela, Portugal, 2005), pp. 561-583.
"Henry VII and Henry VIII, 1485-1547", in Princes and Princely Culture 1450-1650, Vol. II, ed. Martin Gosman et. al., Instituut voor Cultuurwetenschappelijk Onderzoek Groningen ( Leiden: Brill, 2005), II, pp.129-190.
"Headgear of Nobiliary Rank in Germany, Italy, France, and England: The First Phases in the History of the National Systems", in Streekwapens en Regional Heraldiek – L’Héraldique Régionale – Regional Heraldry – Regionalheraldik: Congreverslag van het XIIe internationaal Heraldisch Colloquium … Report XII. International Colloquium on Heraldry, Groningen 3-7 september 2001, ed. Hans de Boo, et. al. (Bedum, NL, 2006), pp. 60-79.
"The Curial Orders of Knighthood of the Confraternal Type: Their Changing Forms, Functions, and Values in the Eyes of their Contemporaries, 1325-2006", in World Orders of Knighthood and Merit, ed. Guy Stair Sainty and Rafal Heydel-Mankoo (Buckingham, UK, and Wilmington, DE: Burke's Peerage & Gentry, Ltd., 2006), pp. 205-239
"The Origins of a Damnosa Haereditas: The Degeneration of Heraldic Emblematics in the future and current United States and the Origins of the Sigilloid Display-emblem, 1608-1798", in Genealogica &Heraldica: Proceedings of the XXVI International Congress for Genealogical and Heraldic Sciences, ed. André Vandewalle et al. (Brussels: Vlaamse Overheid, 2006), pp. 121-147.
"Le symbolisme attribué aux couleurs héraldiques dans les traités de blason des XIVe, XVe et XVIe siècles". Le Langage figuré: Actes du XIIe Colloque international, Université McGill, Montréal, 4-5-6 octobre 2004, pub. par Giuseppe di Stefano et Rose M. Bidler (Montreal, 2007), pp. 63-88.
"Arms and Multiple Identities: Changing Patterns in the Representation of Two or More of the identities of a Single Armiger in Different Regions, c. 1140-c. 1520", in Genealogica & Heraldica: Identität in Genealogie und Heraldik. XXIXth International Congress of Genealogical and Heraldic Sciences, Stuttgart 2010 (Stuttgart, 2012), pp. 116-139.
"The Heraldic Emblematics of the Provinces of British North America and their Successors before and after the Partition of 1776/83: A Study in Contrasts", in Genealogica & Heraldica: Grenzen in Genealogie en Heraldik – Frontiers in Genealogy and Heraldry – Frontières dans la généalogie de l’héraldique – Proceedings of the XXXth International Congress of Genealogical and Heraldic Sciences, held at Maastricht 24–28 September 2012, ed. Jan T. Anema et al. ( 's-Gravenhage : Stichting De Nederlandse Leeuw, 2014), pp. 39-68
"The Display of Arms in their Primary Martial Contexts: Shields, Horse-Trappers, Martial Coats, Crests, Ailettes, Part IIB. The Pre-Classic Period in England, c. 1217 – c. 1327: Flags", in The Coat of Arms, ser. 4, vol. 2, no. 236, (2019), pp. 27-59.
Arms
See also
Canadian Heraldic Authority
Committee on Heraldry of the New England Historic Genealogical Society
References
External links
Coat of arms of D'Arcy Boulton
Living people
1946 births
Trinity College (Canada) alumni
University of Pennsylvania School of Arts and Sciences alumni
Alumni of St John's College, Oxford
Davidson College faculty
Harvard University faculty
University of Notre Dame faculty
Heraldic artists
Canadian heraldry
Fellows of the Royal Heraldry Society of Canada | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/D%27Arcy%20Boulton%20%28heraldist%29 |
Henry Ernest Cooper (August 28, 1857 – May 15, 1929) was an American lawyer who moved to the Kingdom of Hawaii and became prominent in Hawaiian politics in the 1890s. He formally deposed Queen Lili'uokalani of Hawaii in 1893, held various offices in the ensuing Provisional Government of Hawaii and Republic of Hawaii governments, and was the first United States Territory of Hawaii Attorney General, 1899–1900. He later became a circuit judge in Honolulu.
Early life
Cooper was born August 28, 1857, in New Albany, Indiana, to Harriet Augusta Cooper and William Giles Cooper, a lawyer from England. He was educated in public schools in Boston and received the LLB degree from the Boston University School of Law in 1878. He was admitted to the bar in Suffolk County, Massachusetts and practiced law there.
Cooper married Mary Ellen Porter October 2, 1883, in San Diego, California. In 1884 he named his estate Bonita Ranch, and the name was applied to the post office of Bonita, California.
There the Coopers had five children: Alfred Dykes Cooper (born 6/8/1886), Henry Ernest Cooper Jr. (born July 1887), Wallace McKay Cooper (August 1888 – April 1, 1966), Theodore Augustus Cooper (born October 28, 1889), and Alice Cooper (December 9, 1890 – 1978). He worked as an attorney for the California Southern Railroad, including arguing several cases in the Supreme Court of California.
Cooper then moved with his family to the Hawaiian Islands in 1890. In Hawaii the Coopers had three more children: Ysabel Cooper, and twin Irene, (born February 19, 1894), and Francis Judd Cooper (born April 6, 1895). They settled in the Mānoa Valley near Honolulu where Cooper Road is named for him at .
Politics
In Hawaii, Cooper quickly got involved in Hawaiian politics during a very turbulent decade, with several changes of government.
On January 14, 1893, he was chairman of the Citizens' Committee of Safety which organized the overthrow of the Kingdom of Hawaii. On January 16 his name was the first on a letter to John L. Stevens, the United States Minister to Hawaii, saying "...the public safety is menaced and lives and property are in peril, and we appeal to you and the United States forces at your command for assistance."
On January 17, before a crowd in front of 'Iolani Palace, he read the proclamation deposing Queen Lili'uokalani and establishing the provisional Government of Hawaii, and the next day was made a member of the advisory council to President Sanford B. Dole.
From March 7, 1893, to November 4, 1895, he was judge of the first circuit court. Beginning on November 6, 1895, he served as Minister of Foreign Affairs of what was then the Republic of Hawaii through March 29, 1899. He acted temporarily in all other posts of Dole's cabinet as the other members traveled to negotiate with the United States on annexation. These included
Attorney General from November 6, 1895, to December 12, 1895, and from February 10, 1897, to April 16, 1897; Minister of Finance from May 5, 1896, to August 10, 1897; and Minister of the Interior from March 4, 1898, to July 1, 1898.
He was also appointed to the Board of Health on February 12, 1897, later becoming president of the board until 1900.
From January 11, 1898, to March 3, 1898, Cooper was the acting president of the republic.
From March 20, 1899, to June 14, 1900, he was attorney general of the new Territory of Hawaii.
Under the Hawaiian Organic Act, on June 14, 1900, President William McKinley appointed him to be the first secretary of the territory, and also as treasurer of the territory. He was acting governor from March 31, 1902, to June 3, 1902. A few days after resigning the treasurer post December 2, 1902, he became superintendent of public works from December 6, 1902, to November 18, 1903.
This prompted some in the press to call him the real power in the territory, accusing him of taking the public works position because he could make more money. A local newspaper said:Some men are born great, some achieve greatness, but it is only rarely that an ordinary cooper is enabled to thrust such constantly growing greatness upon himself as does this Territorial Cooper of ours.
On January 1, 1903, he sent congratulatory messages over the first submarine communications cable from San Francisco to Hawaii. Recipients included US President Theodore Roosevelt and Clarence Mackay, president of the Commercial Pacific Cable Company.
An investigation in 1903 noted that most public works projects had ceased because of lack of funds, but government crews repaved the sidewalks in front of his house. Another scandal involved the new treasurer William H. Wright, who was allowed to escape after he was found to have been pocketing government money with checks endorsed by Cooper.
On February 23, 1903, he resigned as territorial secretary, and November 18 as superintendent of public works, after George R. Carter became governor. Carter expressed suspicion that public land deals were being rushed through, with possible conflict of interest by Cooper.
He formed a law firm Kinney, McClanahan & Cooper (with partners William Ansel Kinney and E. B. McClanahan), and often worked for owners of large sugarcane plantations in Hawaii. The plantations often leased government land, and concentrated political and economic power in a few of what were called the "Big Five" of Hawaii. At least one of their cases, "Territory of Hawaii vs. Cotton Brothers & Company" of 1904 went to the United States Supreme Court.
On March 22, 1910, he was named again to be judge of the first circuit court, and served until March 7, 1914.
Personal life and legacy
Cooper purchased the Palmyra Atoll, located almost 1,000 miles Southwest of Hawaii at , a 2/3 share in 1911 and the rest, excepting small interests of some native Hawaiians, in 1912. In Hawaii Land Court, he petitioned for total ownership of Palmyra, but the court preserved some of the Hawaiians' interests, over his objections. He visited the island in July 1913 with scientists Charles Montague Cooke Jr. and Joseph F. Rock who wrote a description of the atoll.
He sold most of the atoll in 1922 to the Fullard-Leo family, who sold it to the Nature Conservancy in 2000. He retained ownership of the Home Islands at the southwestern tip of the atoll, and they are co-owned today by dozens of his descendants and others. His land title, passed to the Fullard-Leos and his own legatees, was confirmed by the U. S. Supreme Court in U.S. v. Fullard-Leo, 331 U.S. 256 (1947) after it was disputed by the U. S. military. The largest island of the group is called Cooper Island, despite a proposed name change to Samarang Island in 2003. The airstrip built in World War II is often called Cooper Airport.
In his later years he was active in Freemasonry. In 1894 he joined Hawaiian Lodge No. 21, and organized Pacific Lodge No. 822, A.F. & A.M. under the Grand Lodge of Scotland through the then District Grand Lodge of Queensland, Australia. He served as its first Master in 1895 and again in 1896. Cooper also served as Deputy of the Orient of Hawaii for the Scottish Rite Bodies from 1896 to 1915.
In 1897 he commissioned architect Charles William Dickey to build a stone house on his Mānoa land in California Mission Revival Style architecture. On May 1, 1907, he became a founding member and president of the board of regents of the University of Hawaii (then known as Hawaii College), and served until 1914. He selected the site in the Mānoa valley for the main campus, the University of Hawaii at Manoa.
He moved to Long Beach, California, to live with a daughter, where he died on May 15, 1929.
Son Theodore graduated from Punahou School (then called Oahu College) in 1908, and became an Engineer constructing Fort Ruger in Honolulu. After working briefly for Bank of Hawaii, he enlisted to the United States Army Corps of Engineers and served in France during World War I. Son Alfred D. Cooper was a sugar planter in the Philippines, imprisoned by the Japanese in the Santo Tomas Internment Camp in World War II.
Daughter Alice Cooper Bailey wrote several articles and books including two Dutch folk stories and a popular Hawaiian children's book Kimo in 1928. It ends with a climactic audience before a kindly Queen Liliuokalani of Hawaii (whom Bailey's father had in fact personally deposed and overthrown). She wrote a biography of Robert Louis Stevenson in 1966. She was part of a ceremony in 1948 marking the 50th anniversary of Hawaii's annexation, and was a benefactor of the ʻIolani Palace in Honolulu where Cooper had worked during the Republic of Hawaii period. His grandson Richard Briggs Bailey headed the world's first mutual fund, the Massachusetts Investors Trust fund.
Twin daughters Irene and Ysabel married future U.S. Vice Admirals Olaf Mandt Hustvedt and James Pine.
Several of Cooper's descendants have had distinguished naval and nautical careers, including Space Shuttle naval astronaut Rick Hauck and Capt. Erling H. Hustvedt. On August 19, 1922, a grandson Henry Ernest Cooper III was born in Bridgeport, Connecticut, to Wallace McKay Cooper. Henry III served in the US Navy in World War II aboard the . In 1987 he sailed with a few friends from Maine through the Pacific Ocean, including a visit, together with another grandson, nautical artist Stephen R. Hustvedt, to their inherited Home Islands at Palmyra Atoll. Henry III died in 1999 and Stephen in 2005.
References
External links
1857 births
1929 deaths
Boston University School of Law alumni
Lawyers from Hawaii
Republic of Hawaii Foreign Ministers
Republic of Hawaii Attorneys General
Republic of Hawaii Finance Ministers
Republic of Hawaii Interior Ministers
Hawaii Attorneys General
California lawyers
Massachusetts lawyers
Palmyra Atoll
Republic of Hawaii politicians
People from Bonita, California
People associated with the overthrow of the Hawaiian Kingdom
19th-century American lawyers
American emigrants to the Hawaiian Kingdom | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20E.%20Cooper |
James Mundy (June 28, 1907 – April 24, 1983) was an American jazz tenor saxophonist, arranger, and composer, best known for his arrangements for Benny Goodman, Count Basie, and Earl Hines.
Mundy died of cancer in New York City at the age of 75.
Discography
Jimmy Mundy / Jimmy Mundy Orchestra
1937–1947: Jimmy Mundy 1937–1947 (Classics 1200)
May 1946: "Bumble Boogie" / "One O'Clock Boogie" (Aladdin 131)
June 1946: "I Gotta Put You Down Pt 1" / "I Gotta Put You Down Pt 2" (Aladdin 132)
1958: On a Mundy Flight (Epic LN 3475)
2002: Fiesta in Brass (Golden Era LP-15060)
As arranger
With Chet Baker
Baker's Holiday (Limelight, 1965)
With Al Hibbler
After the Lights Go Down Low (Atlantic 1957)
With Illinois Jacquet
The Soul Explosion (Prestige, 1969)
With Harry James
Harry James and His Orchestra 1948–49 (Big Band Landmarks Vol. X & XI, 1969)
With Sonny Stitt
Sonny Stitt & the Top Brass (Atlantic, 1962)
Little Green Apples (Solid State, 1969)
Come Hither (Solid State, 1969)
With Joe Williams
A Man Ain't Supposed to Cry (Roulette, 1958)
References
External links
Results at bmi.com
1907 births
1983 deaths
African-American saxophonists
American music arrangers
American jazz saxophonists
American male saxophonists
American jazz composers
American male jazz composers
Big band bandleaders
Jazz arrangers
20th-century American composers
Deaths from cancer in New York (state)
20th-century American saxophonists
20th-century American male musicians
20th-century jazz composers
20th-century African-American musicians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy%20Mundy |
Sonny Payne (May 4, 1926 – January 29, 1979) was an American jazz drummer, best known for his work with Count Basie and Harry James.
Biography
Payne's father was Wild Bill Davis's drummer Chris Columbus. After early study with Vic Berton, in 1944 Payne started playing professionally around New York with the Dud and Paul Bascomb band, Hot Lips Page, Earl Bostic (1945–1947), Tiny Grimes (between 1947 and 1950), and Lucille Dixon (1948).
From 1950 to 1953, Payne played with Erskine Hawkins' big band, and led his own band for two years, but in late December, 1954, he made his most significant move, joining Count Basie's big band for ten years of constant touring and recording. He was originally asked only to temporarily fill in for Basie's ailing regular drummer, but Payne's skillful playing was such a hit with audiences and the band that he was immediately hired to be Basie's permanent drummer.
From Count Basie’s autobiography: “Sonny Payne came in there, and right away he touched off a new spark in that band, and we had to keep him . . . but I wouldn’t say that showmanship was what made the difference. It was not that easy. You can’t see any stick twirling and trickerlating on those next records, but you can hear and feel a difference in the band.”
He left Basie in late December, 1964, leading his own trio and also touring with Illinois Jacquet in 1976. He was Frank Sinatra's personal drummer for all of the singer's appearances with the Count Basie Orchestra in 1965 and 1966; in fact, whenever Sinatra sang with Basie in the 1960s, Payne was the drummer. He rejoined Basie as the regular drummer (for almost 8 months in 1965 and 1966) and later at his wife's urging (1972-1974). Most of the rest of his career, however, was spent in the Harry James big band, which he joined in December, 1966. He was overseas in Brazil with the Harry James band in December 1978. Upon his return to the US in early January 1979, he contracted the flu and died of pneumonia at the age of 52. When he was dying in the hospital, Harry James paid all of his medical bills and subsequent funeral costs.
Harold Jones, Count Basie's regular drummer from 1967 until 1972, told an interviewer, "I am proud to say that I took everything that I could from Sonny Payne." Butch Miles, Basie's regular drummer for a total of 15 years starting in 1975, told an interviewer, "I took a lot of my cues and a lot of my drumming style from Sonny Payne. When I first joined the band I knew, I knew everything that he had played, so we'd get to a certain point, I'd just play what Sonny had played and it worked." Miles also said, “I memorized all of Sonny Payne’s licks. I tried ‘em, and they worked.” In the early 1990s after Count Basie's death, leader Frank Foster was auditioning a young drummer for the Basie Band. Foster asked the drummer to come back for another audition in six months after the young man had listened to every recording he could find of Sonny Payne drumming with Count Basie.
Discography
With Count Basie
Count Basie Swings, Joe Williams Sings (Verve, 1956)
April in Paris (Verve, 1956)
The Greatest!! Count Basie Plays, Joe Williams Sings Standards with Joe Williams
Metronome All-Stars 1956 (Clef, 1956) with Ella Fitzgerald and Joe Williams
Hall of Fame (Verve, 1956 [1959])
Basie in London (Verve, 1956)
One O'Clock Jump (Verve, 1957) with Joe Williams and Ella Fitzgerald
Count Basie at Newport (Verve, 1957)
The Atomic Mr. Basie (Roulette, 1957) aka Basie and E=MC2
Basie Plays Hefti (Roulette, 1958)
Sing Along with Basie (Roulette, 1958) - with Joe Williams and Lambert, Hendricks & Ross
Basie One More Time (Roulette, 1959)
Basie/Eckstine Incorporated is a 1959 studio album featuring Billy Eckstine and the Count Basie Orchestra. It was released by Roulette Records, and marked Eckstine and Basie's only recorded collaboration.Breakfast Dance and Barbecue (Roulette, 1959)Everyday I Have the Blues (Roulette, 1959) - with Joe WilliamsDance Along with Basie (Roulette, 1959)Not Now, I'll Tell You When (Roulette, 1960)The Count Basie Story (Roulette, 1960)Kansas City Suite (Roulette, 1960)The Legend (Roulette, 1961)Count Basie/Sarah Vaughan (Roulette, 1961)Back with Basie (Roulette, 1962)Sinatra–Basie: An Historic Musical First (Reprise, 1962)On My Way & Shoutin' Again! (Verve, 1962)This Time by Basie! (Reprise, 1963)More Hits of the 50's and 60's (Verve, 1963)It Might As Well Be Swing (Reprise, 1964) with Frank SinatraPop Goes the Basie (Reprise, 1965)Basie Meets Bond (United Artists, 1966)Live at the Sands (Before Frank) (Reprise, 1966 [1998])Sinatra at the Sands (Reprise, 1966) with Frank SinatraBasie's Beatle Bag (Verve, 1966)
With Al Grey The Last of the Big Plungers (Argo, 1959)The Thinking Man’s Trombone (Argo, 1960)Shades of Grey (Tangerine, 1965)
With Joe NewmanCounting Five in Sweden'' (Metronome, 1958)
References
External links
The Verve Music Catalog of Sonny Payne.
1926 births
1979 deaths
American jazz drummers
Count Basie Orchestra members
20th-century American drummers
American male drummers
American male jazz musicians
20th-century American male musicians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sonny%20Payne |
Sir Francis Drake (aka The Adventures of Sir Francis Drake) is a 1961–1962 British adventure television series starring Terence Morgan as Sir Francis Drake, commander of the sailing ship the Golden Hind. As well as battles at sea and sword fights, the series also deals with intrigue at Queen Elizabeth's court.
Production
The series was a joint ABC/ATV production, made at Associated British Elstree Studios and on historical sites in England.
A replica of the Golden Hind was constructed at a cost of £25,000 and was used for filming in and around the bays of Torbay and Dartmouth. In 1963 the ship was permanently moored in Brixham harbour in Devon where it became a tourist attraction. The ship was destroyed in a storm in 1987, after which it was towed to Dartmouth and replaced with the current replica.
Additional production staff
Historical research was provided by E. Hayter Preston. Beatrice Dawson designed the many period costumes worn in the show. Ian Stuart Black was story editor. The fight scenes were arranged by Peter Diamond, who also appeared in four episodes.
Broadcast history
The series was originally shown on UK network ATV from 12 November 1961, until 20 May 1962. It later aired in the US on NBC from 24 June 1962, to 9 September 1962 as a summer replacement for Car 54, Where Are You?. In 2020, it began being broadcast on Talking Pictures TV.
Cast and characters
Terence Morgan as Sir Francis Drake
Jean Kent as Queen Elizabeth I
Michael Crawford as John Drake
Roger Delgado as Count Bernardino de Mendoza
Patrick McLoughlin as Trevelyan
Alex Scott as Don Pedro
Milton Reid as Diego
Richard Warner as Walsingham
Ewan Roberts as Munro
Howard Lang as Richard Grenville
Glynn Edwards as Will Martin
Peter Diamond as Bosun
Guest appearances
David McCallum as Lord Oakeshott
Delphi Lawrence as the Countess
Raymond Huntley as Dr John Dee
Noelle Middleton as Mary Queen of Scots
Michael Anderson Jr. as John Harington
Clive Morton as English Ambassador
Ronald Leigh-Hunt as Hawkins
Nanette Newman as Yana
Olive McFarland as Jenny Smellitt
Michael Ripper as Almighty Jones
Mark Eden as Agila
Anthony Bushell as Tom Doughty
Frederick Jaeger as Vicary
William Lucas as Count Julio
Neil McCallum as Sir Martin
Francesca Annis as Mariella of Naples
Ferdy Mayne as Joos
Mary Merrall as Duchess
Nigel Davenport as Miguel de Cervantes
Reginald Beckwith as Sir Henry Rainsford
Brian Bedford as Estaban
Barry Morse as Governor
Pamela Brown as Catherine de' Medici
Patrick Allen as Henry of Navarre
Natasha Parry as Countess Inez
Episode list
Airdate is for ATV London ITV regions varied date and order.
DVD release
The complete series is out on DVD and includes a still showing Terence Morgan as Sir Francis Drake playing bowls, alluding to the famous incident when the Spanish Armada was sighted.
References
Alex McNeil, Total Television. New York City: Penguin Books, 1984 ed.
External links
Television series by ITC Entertainment
British adventure television series
British drama television series
1960s British drama television series
1961 British television series debuts
1962 British television series endings
Cultural depictions of Elizabeth I
Cultural depictions of Francis Drake
Television shows shot at Associated British Studios
NBC original programming
Television set in Tudor England
Black-and-white British television shows
English-language television shows | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sir%20Francis%20Drake%20%28TV%20series%29 |
Lego Spybotics (stylized as LEGO Spybotics) was a Mindstorms robotics sub-series by Lego. There are four different sets, each of which includes a Spybot, a controller, a cable, and a software disc. The Spybots are color-coded, and each one has a different set of equipment attached. The software disc allows the user to program the robots and set up simulated missions for them.
Sets
Each of the four sets includes a color-coded Spybot control module, a software disc, a serial cable with an infrared (IR) transceiver at the end, a color-coded IR remote control for the Spybot, and parts to build the body of the Spybot. Each control module contains 2 motors, an IR transceiver, a power button, and various sensors.
Software
Each Spybotics set includes a CD-ROM software disc which allows you to program the spybots.
Programming
Spybots are programmed primarily through the mission system, but they can be programmed in a similar manner to the RCX. Most RCX-compatible programming languages can be used. Programs are uploaded to the control module using a special serial-to-IR cable included with the set.
Missions
The Spybotics software allows you to create simulated missions for the Spybots. The disc includes 10 preset missions, and more could be downloaded from the now-defunct Spybotics website. Five of the missions are designed for a single Spybot, and the other five are designed for two or more Spybots. Each mission includes a mission brief, set-up instructions, and some settings to make the mission easier or harder. The missions are set up by placing certain objects in the room, which the Spybots will react to according to the program included with the mission.
Single-bot missions:
Laser Maze
Command Override
Gamma Overload
Energy Crisis
X-Factor
Multi-bot missions
The Mole
Critical Countdown
Robot Rescue
Face-Off
Circuit Breaker
In addition to these pre-set missions, players can select "Special Operations", which allows them to create their own missions based on a set of nine templates. The templates, as well as the ten included missions, can then be modified using "capsules", which are small subprograms that change a particular aspect of the mission.
The Nightfall Incident
The Lego website featured an online game called "The Nightfall Incident", created by Gamelab in 2002. The player was an agent from the "S.M.A.R.T" agency, which acted as a form of internet police by helping companies regain access to their stolen data or hijacked servers, by using Spybots. This was done by fighting "data battles", which were essentially strategic turn-based games where the player would use their software programs to eliminate enemy software.
During such battles, credits could be earned, with which the player could buy aforementioned software programs. The goal of the game was to win all data battles, of which each would be fought in a different "node" in the network, and eventually to defeat the rogue ex-S.M.A.R.T-agent Disarray, who appears to be the one who caused Nightfall (the crashing of the network, after which the game is named).
Further reading
Hempel, Ralph. Lego Spybotics Secret Agent Training Manual, Apress (2003), softcover, 197 pages, .
References
External links
IGN
NQC
Smart Parts
Lugnet User Group on Spybotics
Spybotics
2002 in robotics
Lego Mindstorms
Products introduced in 2002
Products and services discontinued in 2002 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lego%20Spybotics |
H.G. Stephenson Ltd are an independent distributor of catering equipment. They distribute equipment in the field of crockery, glassware, food packaging, cleaning consumables, bar and kitchen equipment. They are based in Stockport, Greater Manchester, England.
Trading under ‘Stephensons’, the company is owned and run by the fifth generation of the family. The business was founded by Henry George Stephenson in 1860, with a stall he rented at the Salford Flat Iron markets. Later in 1868, he moved the business to the newly built Barton Arcade in Manchester. In the late 1960s, Stephensons moved to the Kennerley Works in Stockport, and this is still the company’s base today.
In 2013, the business expanded its Stockport site by investing in neighbouring premises that were previously occupied by Piggott & Whitfield Ltd. This extension saw the site add over 30,000 sq ft. In November 2015, Stephensons responded to online growth by acquiring a 13,500 sq.ft. warehouse to improve customer service and buying power. In 2022, they expanded this space to over 62,000 sq ft.
In November 2018, 150 years after the company was established at Barton Arcade, H.G. Stephenson Ltd were named as the Manchester Evening News Business of the Year in the £10-25 Million Turnover Category.
Henry George Stephensons
Born in 1847, Henry George Stephenson grew up in the Staffordshire town of Hanley on Lamb Street. His mother, Naomi Stephenson (nee Bull), was financially independent, a rarity in those times. Henry’s parents divorced when he was 10 years old, and by this time, Naomi already ran a successful and thriving millinery and dressmaking business.
Henry’s mother died in 1866. His father, who had become estranged to him, had died 3 years previously. Henry was 18 years old, and his younger sister was just 12. By this time, however, Henry had started trading as a ceramic dealer on Salford’s Flat Iron Market. Two years later, he would move the business into Manchester’s Barton Arcade.
In 1876, Henry married Mary Agnes Malpas. The couple had 11 children between 1877 and 1895. They briefly lived in Cheetham Hill, before moving to Clowes Street in Broughton, Salford. In 1886 the family moved to Kensington House on the promenade in Blackpool, and in 1893 the family moved back to Broughton and into Park Point.
As the children grew up, Henry’s sons joined the family business and it moved from strength to strength during 1900 and 1914, becoming a limited company in 1900.
Henry Stephenson died on 4th February 1919, at the age of 71. He was buried in the same grave as his wife Mary as St Paul’s Church in Kersal. His sons carried on the family business, passing it down from generation to generation, and it remains in the family to this day.
History Timeline
1860-1900
As mentioned above, Henry started trading as a ceramic dealer at the Salford Flat Iron market in 1860. It would set the foundations for his future business, and during this period he was reliant on one supplier, Wood & Sons, in Stoke-on-Trent. Henry had to make weekly visits to his supplier by horse and cart to collect his wares.
By 1868 he was in a position to take a lease on premises in Barton Arcade, a newly built shopping centre on Deansgate, backing onto St Ann’s Square. Initially, the business was called ‘Barton Arcade Glass and China Shops’, but this would change to ‘Stephenson’s Glass and China Shops’ in 1898.
Manchester was very prosperous by the 1870s thanks to the booming cotton trade, and while Stephensons did cater to the wealthy, Henry made sure to stock items that would suit a variety of budgets to appeal to a wider customer base. This decision allowed the business to continue to thrive.
In 1887, H.G. Stephenson had a stand at the Royal Jubilee Exhibition that was held in the Royal Botanical Gardens in Old Trafford, Manchester. By this time, the business included three shops in Barton Arcade, St Ann’s Square, and Cross Street, all in Manchester.
1900-1930
On 23rd April 1900, Henry registered his business as a limited company, its official name now becoming ‘H.G. Stephenson, Limited’. Later, Henry’s sons Harry and Vincent —known as Vincie— were appointed as directors with Henry as the Chairman of the Board of Directors and majority shareholder in the company.
By 1902 there was a wholesalers showroom in the Barton Arcade store, and by 1905 the company opened a new shop in Piccadilly, Manchester — an area now known as Piccadilly Gardens.
The outbreak of the First World War in 1914 saw some changes. Henry’s three sons Harry, Reggie, and Geoff left to serve in the army, and Teddy had emigrated to Australia to join the armed forces there. Later that year, the St Ann’s Square store that Harry had managed closed.
Henry’s other son Ernest became a director in 1915 in his brothers’ absences. He worked alongside his father and brother Vincie to manage the business. By 1918 Henry’s health had started to deteriorate, leaving Ernest and Vincie to take the helm. During this time there was also the flu pandemic, creating even more stress during this period. Henry died in 1919.
After their father’s death and the return of the brothers from WW1, Harry became the new Chairman of the Board. Vincie became the new Managing Director, stepping into his father’s shoes to run the business. Ernest became the Manager of the Wholesale Department, and Geoff was elected as a Director.
In 1922, Vincie was dismissed by his brothers as Managing Director for embezzlement. Ernest was then appointed as Managing Director, and Geoff became Assistant Manager of the Retail department within the following 12 months.
Stephensons were offered £1,000 in 1926 to terminate the lease for the Piccadilly shop, and they accepted. This was to make way for the newly formed BBC that wished to situate a local broadcasting station in the same building. This year also saw some unrest with the eight-day general strike brought about by miner’s who were protesting a decrease in wages and increase in working hours.
Between 1927 and 1930 there were more tensions between brothers, with Harry being suspicious of Geoff’s spending. This resulted in Harry stepping down as Chairman, with Reggie taking his place. He remained as a Director, however, and continued to express his concerns over Geoff. In 1930, Geoff was dismissed due to misappropriation of funds, and he moved to Montreal, Canada, where he remained for the rest of his life.
1930-1990
The start of the 1930s was a challenging time due to the Great Depression impacting consumer spending habits, which had been severely reduced. Gradually, the company was reshaping its business to accommodate changing demands. In 1933, Reggie resigned as Chairman, with his brother Edgar taking over. Edgar’s son, Harold, joined the company in 1933 and he became a director in 1939. At the end of 1938, Harry and Reggie resigned from their positions as directors. In October 1939, Harold left to join the army at the start of World War 2.
On 23rd December, 1940, the Barton Arcade was hit by a bomb during an air raid. Further wartime disruptions resulted in the Barton Arcade store to be emptied of goods to save payment of rates. However, the wholesale department carried on trading from a sub-basement at the Barton Arcade.
While the second World War had certainly been difficult, H.G. Stephenson Limited thrived in the early 1950s, despite ongoing rationing in the earlier part of the decade. The company also started attending exhibitions such as the Brighter Homes Exhibition at Manchester City Hall in 1951.
In September 1961, the company closed the retail side of the business and focused on wholesale. In 1963, Michael Stephenson, Harold’s son, joined the business at age 16. During this decade, the company began to add bar sundries, cleaning chemicals, and other essentials that were vital to the businesses it sold to.
99 years after H.G. Stephenson moved into Barton Arcade, the business relocated to Kennerley Works in Stockport in 1967. Michael Stephenson became the Managing Director in 1970. He reintroduced retail sales and begins to shape the business as a one-stop-shop for catering and hospitality equipment.
Michael became the Chairman of the Board in the early 1980s, but the recession of the period, referred to as The Winter of Discontent, resulted in more turbulent times for Stephensons. Things had started to turn around for the business in the second half of the decade, however.
1990-Present
In 1991, Michael Lewis of Yates was appointed as a non-executive board member. The business landscape was changing at this time, and Stephensons began to focus on developing strong relationships with regional breweries including J.W. Lees, Joseph Holt, Robinsons, Hydes, and Thwaites. In 1994, retail was reintroduced at Kennerley Works, with a showroom opening at this site.
Julian-Lewis Booth, Michael’s stepson, joined the business in 1998 and set up computer networks for the company. Today www.stephensons.com showcases their products and provides an online retail space for customers. His brother Henry Stephenson joined the team in 2005 as Marketing Director, and as a fifth generation Stephenson to come on board. In 2006, Stephensons launched its website to keep up with 21st century changes.
In 2009, Henry took over as Managing Director and started to make further alterations to operations, including introducing a fleet of drivers working directly for Stephensons, rather than outsourcing to a transport firm.
2013 saw the expansion of the Kennerley Works site, putting it at over 30,000 square feet. In 2015, further space was made with the acquisition of a 13,500 square foot warehouse in Cheadle. Stephensons celebrated its 150th anniversary in 2018, and was also named Manchester Evening News — Best Business of the Year.
Stephensons expanded their Cheadle warehouse in 2022 to over 62,000 square feet to accommodate increasing customer demand and business growth.
References
External links
Official website
Companies based in Stockport
Catering and food service companies of the United Kingdom | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H.%20G.%20Stephenson |
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