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Scaling is a village in the borough of Redcar and Cleveland and the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England
External links
Villages in North Yorkshire
Places in the Tees Valley
Loftus, North Yorkshire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scaling%2C%20North%20Yorkshire |
Coca-Cola Consolidated, Inc., headquartered in Charlotte, North Carolina, is the largest independent Coca-Cola bottler in the United States.
The company makes, sells and distributes Coca-Cola products along with other beverages, distributing to a market of 65 million people in 14 states. Coca-Cola Consolidated is based in the southeast, midwest, and mid-atlantic portion of the United States. The Company has 13 manufacturing facilities, 80 distribution and warehouses, with corporate offices located in Charlotte, North Carolina.
Corporate history
In 1902, the company that later became Coca-Cola Bottling Company Consolidated was founded by the current chairman's great-grandfather, J. B. Harrison. That company was merged with other bottlers to form Coca-Cola Bottling Co. Consolidated in 1973. The company was incorporated in 1980, acquired Wometco in 1985, and acquired Sunbelt Coca-Cola in 1991.
In 2018, the company announced a major expansion into Kentucky.
Discontinuation of Tab
In October 2018, Coca-Cola Bottling Consolidated denied it had discontinued distribution of Tab, though it admitted it had reduced its distribution.
Financials
As of January 1, 2017, The Coca-Cola Company owns approximately 35% of the Company's total outstanding common stock, representing approximately 5% of the total voting power of the Company's combined Common Stock and Class B Common Stock. J. Frank Harrison III, the Chairman of the Board and the Chief Executive Officer of the Company, owns shares of Common Stock and Class B Common Stock representing approximately 86% of the total voting power of the Company's combined stock and Class B Common Stock.
Tax Incentives
In June 2018, Kentucky governor Matt Bevin announced tax incentives of $3.5 million for Consolidated to expand in Erlanger. The incentives were part of a deal for Consolidated expansion in the area.
Worker strife
The company, some of which its locales are unionized by the Teamsters, has seen strike initiatives.
Community involvement
Coca-Cola Consolidated sponsors local events and many community organizations, including the YMCA. Since 2008, Coca-Cola Consolidated has partnered with the World Wildlife Fund (WWF) to promote sustainable water policies, including water reuse practices, to protect and restore aquatic diversity. Following the October 2015 North American storm complex Consolidated donated bottled water to flood victims. It also supports public school teachers in Arkansas.
References
External links
Coca-Cola bottlers
Companies based in Charlotte, North Carolina
Companies based in Greensboro, North Carolina
American companies established in 1902
Food and drink companies established in 1902
Companies listed on the Nasdaq
Drink companies of the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coca-Cola%20Consolidated |
Fawkner-Whittlesea Blues is a former Australian association football (soccer) club based in Epping, Victoria, a suburb of Melbourne, Victoria. The club was formed towards the end of 2004 from a merger of the senior teams of the Fawkner Blues (founded 1965) and Whittlesea Stallions (founded 2000), and played in the 2005 and 2006 Victorian Premier League seasons. At the end of 2006, Fawkner and Whittlesea dissolved the merger, with Fawkner opting to go back to being a stand-alone club, and Whittlesea forming a partnership with Bulleen to form the Whittlesea Zebras.
Association football clubs established in 2004
Association football clubs disestablished in 2006
Defunct soccer clubs in Australia
Soccer clubs in Melbourne
2004 establishments in Australia
2006 disestablishments in Australia
Italian-Australian culture in Melbourne
Italian-Australian backed sports clubs of Victoria (state)
Sport in the City of Whittlesea | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fawkner-Whittlesea%20Blues |
Handale is a hamlet, that is south of Loftus, in the borough of Redcar and Cleveland and the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England.
Handale was once the site of a Cistercian nunnery, founded in 1133.
There is a legend that the woods in the area were once the haunt of a dragon known as the Handale Serpent. It is said that the dragon was slain by a man named Scaw, after whom Scaw Wood is named.
See also
Handale Priory
References
External links
Hamlets in North Yorkshire
Places in the Tees Valley
Loftus, North Yorkshire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Handale |
Licodia Eubea () is a town and comune in the Metropolitan City of Catania, on the island of Sicily, southern Italy. It is bounded by the comuni of Caltagirone, Chiaramonte Gulfi, Giarratana, Grammichele, Mazzarrone, Mineo, Monterosso Almo and Vizzini. It rises over an internal hilly area, above sea level.
Situated above a hill overlooking the valley of the Dirillo river, Licodia Eubea boasts a rich production of olives, almonds, citrus fruits, and excellent table grapes, that can be tasted during the annual Sagra dell'Uva (Grapes' festival) held in the month of September. Cattle breeding, as well as horse, sheep, and goat farms, are flourishing, not to mention the production of absolutely delicious typical Sicilian cheeses.
Among the notable buildings in the town are Santa Margherita, the mother church of the town, erected during the 17th century, preserving the emblem of the Santapau family on its front portal, the Chiesa del Rosario of the 18th century, and the Palazzo Municipale (Town Hall building).
History
The name Licodia derives from the Greek word 'Licos' meaning wolf, which is why its Coat-of-Arms has a picture of a wolf. The suburb belonged to lord Riccardo Filangieri, and was afterwards bestowed to nobleman Manfredi Aragona.
The name Eubea was given to the place in 1872, to identify with Chalcis, a town on Euboea, the second-largest Greek island, because it is believed to be the colony of Leontini, founded early in the 6th century BC on the same site of an unknown Sicel settlement. Vases of the First Period were found and all the tombs explored in 1898 belonged to the Fourth Period (700–500 BCE), and show the gradual process of Hellenization among the Sicels.
In 1392, the ancient castle was bestowed to the Santapau family, that gave it its name and owned it until the 16th century, when it passed under the dominion of lord Vincenzo Ruffo. In 1693, the town was devastated by the earthquake, and experienced a slow reconstruction.
In 1968, the Licodia Eubea Social Club was established in Victoria, Australia.
Twin towns
Santa Pau, Spain
Euboea, island in Greece
References
External links
Official website
Municipalities of the Metropolitan City of Catania | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Licodia%20Eubea |
Steve Walsh (born 28 March 1972) is a retired professional rugby union referee from New Zealand. He officiated at international level from 1998 to 2014, and at three Rugby World Cups, including refereeing the semi-final between South Africa and Argentina in 2007. Walsh became the most experienced Super Rugby referee in 2014, passing Jonathan Kaplan's record before retiring from the game in 2015.
Early life
Steve Reid Walsh was born in Cambridge, New Zealand and attended Glenfield College and the Kristin School in Auckland. He played junior provincial representative rugby until a spinal injury and subsequent medical check ended his playing career at the age of 13. Scans revealed just two-and-a-half vertebrae in his neck, a birth defect which meant his neck was unstable and ruled him out of playing contact sport.
Career
Walsh began refereeing at age 16 and went on to become the youngest official to make his NPC debut, in the third division, just four years later. He worked as a customs agent and as a salesman before taking up professional refereeing on a full-time basis in 1998.
International referee
At the age of 23, Walsh made his Test refereeing debut on 13 June 1998, when France beat Argentina 35–18 in Buenos Aires. He was the youngest Test referee at the top level at that time. He made his Rugby World Cup debut as a touch judge in 1999.
He took control of Tri Nations opener between South Africa and Australia in Cape Town on 12 July 2003.
Walsh refereed at the 2003 Rugby World Cup. He was involved in a verbal altercation with the England fitness coach Dave Reddin in the match against Samoa. Reddin was cleared of misconduct for his part in the incident but was banned from touchline duties for two games for sending winger Dan Luger onto the field against the match official's orders. Walsh was suspended for three days, missing one match, before going on to referee the quarter-final between Australia and Scotland.
During the British & Irish Lions tour to New Zealand in 2005, Irish winger Shane Horgan was called for a knock-on in a match against Taranaki, on touch judge Walsh's advice. Horgan disputed the decision and was met with verbal abuse from Walsh. After the Lions made an official complaint, Walsh was suspended from officiating duties for four months.
In 2007 he refereed some notable matches, including the 2007 Super 14 Final, the first international rugby match at Croke Park in Ireland, and refereed four matches at the 2007 Rugby World Cup, including the South Africa v Argentina semi-final.
Walsh received a third strike on his record, when he was asked to leave a refereeing conference in Sydney after turning up drunk in December 2008. A New Zealand Rugby Union statement in January had said that he would not be considered for the opening month of Super 14 matches. In April 2009, the New Zealand Rugby Union announced that Walsh had retired from his refereeing position.
Move to Australia
Walsh moved to Bondi in Sydney later in 2009. He was offered affiliation to the Australian Rugby Union and began refereeing school rugby and club rugby. He progressed to first grade, refereeing the semi-final between Sydney University and Eastwood, and narrowly missed out on being appointed to the 2009 Shute Shield Grand Final, which was refereed by Stuart Dickinson.
Walsh was included in the reserve panel of referees for the 2010 Super 14 competition, now representing Australia, and was reappointed to the IRB Elite panel, the highest level, in 2010.
In March 2011, he was the referee for the Scotland v Italy match at Murrayfield in the Six Nations Championship. Walsh was appointed to the 2011 Rugby World Cup and refereed several games in New Zealand, representing the Australian Rugby Union.
He was the referee for the 2012 Super Rugby Final between the Chiefs and the Sharks in Hamilton. At the end of that year Walsh received the 'Referee of the Year' award during the John Eales Medal ceremony in Sydney.
Retirement
Walsh retired from all levels of refereeing in March 2015 to take up business interests outside the game. He retired holding the record for the most Super Rugby matches refereed at 111, and with the third most Test Matches refereed at 60. His last test match as an official was on 22 November 2014 between France and Argentina, though this was as an assistant referee. His last match as the main referee was on 15 November between England and South Africa at Twickenham Stadium. He was appointed to referee the Wales - Ireland match in the 2015 Six Nations Championship, but withdrew from that match due to business commitments, His final Super Rugby Match as an official was at AAMI Park, between Melbourne Rebels and Brumbies in Round 3 of the 2015 Super Rugby season.
Tattoo
Walsh has a tattoo on his left inner forearm which reads 'He who controls himself, controls the game'. During the 2011 Rugby World Cup this tattoo was covered by a flesh-coloured plaster.
References
1972 births
Living people
Australian rugby union referees
New Zealand rugby union referees
People educated at Kristin School
Sportspeople from Cambridge, New Zealand
Super Rugby referees
Rugby World Cup referees
ARU referees
NZR referees
The Rugby Championship referees
Six Nations Championship referees | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve%20Walsh%20%28referee%29 |
Liverton is a village in the borough of Redcar and Cleveland and the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England.
Liverton Village is named in the doomsday book and was previously named Liureton, it is a rural village that has by-enlarge retained its heritage as a farming community and in 1978 became protected by a conservation order. In 2011 an Area Appraisal was performed.
The village is surrounded by a field system with Station Road B1366 running through the middle. The village can date its roots back to the 12th century, with evidence of this seen from the font, arch and doorway of St Michaels church. There is further evidence of a medieval settlement in area.
It is located 140 meters above sea level and is located on the edge of the North Yorkshire Moors.
Properties
The village primarily consists of farm land and cottages, with a moorland church, village hall and local inn. The village lies within the boundary of a conservation area and includes many Listed Buildings, most of which date back to the 18th century.
Listed Buildings
Within the village are many historic structures, most of which are constructed from local sandstone blocks with a herringbone finish. Below are some of the listed buildings:
Parish Church of St Michaels - dating back to the 12th century, List Entry Number 1139676
Church House Farm
Tickhill House Farm, Middle House and Haygate Cottage (Formally Tickhill Cottage) - dating back to 1720, List Entry Number 1136629
Shrubberies Cottage and Farm - dating back to 1800, list Entry Number 1139678
Church
The church was built in the 12th century, with evidence of this seen from the font, arch and doorway. Alterations over the years have kept the church in good state and retained the original structure. The church was restored at the beginning of the 20th century and the plaster was removed from the Chancel arch, the arch can still be seen today.
Village Hall
The village hall was previously owned by Lord Downe, as were many of the local farms and land. This building was converted from a school into a village hall and in now run by a village committee.
Local Inn
There is a village Inn called The Waterwheel Inn. Located on the edge of the village, the pub reopened in 1962 and is a traditional building with beams on show and built from sandstone.
Statistics
Statistics about Redcar & Cleveland from the Office for National Statistics Census 2001
https://web.archive.org/web/20110902105910/http://www.redcar-cleveland.gov.uk/ - Borough Council website
BBC Tees
History
Liverton Village was named in the doomsday book and previously went by the name of Liureton.
In 1870–72, John Marius Wilson's Imperial Gazetteer of England and Wales described Liverton like this:
References
External links
Villages in North Yorkshire
Places in the Tees Valley
Loftus, North Yorkshire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liverton |
This list of ancient Iranian peoples includes the names of Indo-European peoples speaking Iranian languages or otherwise considered Iranian ethnically or linguistically in sources from the late 1st millennium BC to the early 2nd millennium AD.
Background
Ancient and modern Iranian peoples mostly descend from the Proto-Indo-Iranians, common ancestors respectively of the Proto-Iranians and Proto-Indo-Aryans, this people possibly was the same of the Sintashta-Petrovka culture. Proto-Iranians separated from the Proto-Indo-Aryans early in the 2nd-millennium BCE. These peoples probably called themselves by the name "Aryans", which was the basis for several ethnonyms of Iranian and Indo-Aryan peoples or for the entire group of peoples which shares kin and similar cultures.
Iranian peoples first appear in Assyrian records in the 9th century BCE. In Classical Antiquity, they were found primarily in Scythia (in Central Asia, Eastern Europe, the Balkans and the Northern Caucasus) and Persia (in Western Asia). They divided into "Western" and "Eastern" branches from an early period, roughly corresponding to the territories of Persia and Scythia, respectively. By the 1st millennium BCE, Medes, Persians, Bactrians and Parthians populated the Iranian plateau, while others such as the Scythians, Sarmatians, Cimmerians and Alans populated the steppes north of the Black Sea and the Caspian Sea, as far as the Great Hungarian Plain in the west. The Saka tribes remained mainly in the far-east, eventually spreading as far east as the Ordos Desert.
Ancient Iranian peoples spoke languages that were the ancestors of modern Iranian languages, these languages form a sub-branch of the Indo-Iranian sub-family, which is a branch of the family of the wider Indo-European languages.
Ancient Iranian peoples lived in many regions and, at about 200 BC, they had as farthest geographical points dwelt by them: to the west the Great Hungarian Plain (Alföld), east of the Danube river (where they formed an enclave of Iranian peoples), Ponto-Caspian steppe in today's southern Ukraine, Russia and far western Kazakhstan, and to the east the Altay Mountains western and northwestern foothills and slopes and also western Gansu, Ordos Desert, and western Inner Mongolia, in northwestern China(Xinjiang), to the north southern West Siberia and southern Ural Mountains (Riphean Mountains?) and to the south the northern coasts of the Persian Gulf and the Arabian Sea. The geographical area dwelt by ancient Iranian peoples was therefore vast (at the end of the 1st Millennium BC they dwelt in an area of several million square kilometers or miles thus roughly corresponding to half or slightly less than half of the geographical area that all Indo-European peoples dwelt in Eurasia).
During Late Antiquity, in a process that lasted until Middle Age, the Iranian populations of Scythia and Sarmatia, in the western (Ponto-Caspian) and central (Kazakh) Eurasian Steppe and most of Central Asia (that once formed a large geographic area dwelt by Iranian peoples), started to be conquered by other non-Iranian peoples and began to be marginalized, assimilated or expelled mainly as result of the Turkic peoples conquests and migrations that resulted in the Turkification of the remaining Iranian ethnic groups in Central Asia and the western Eurasian steppe (by the Xiongnu, the Huns and Hunnic Empire, Göktürks and Göktürk Empire, Oghuz Turks, etc.). Germanic (Goths), Slavic (like the Kievan Rus) and later Mongolian (Mongol Empire) conquests and migrations also contributed to the decline of the Iranian peoples in these regions. By the 10th century, the Eastern Iranian languages were no longer spoken in many of the territories they were once spoken, with the exception of Pashto in Central Asia, Ossetic in the Northern Caucasus and Pamiri languages in Badakhshan. Most of Central Asia and the western Eurasian steppe was almost completely Turkified. However, in most of the southern regions, corresponding to the Iranian Plateau and mountains, more densely populated, Iranian peoples continued to be most of the population and remained so until modern times.
Various Persian empires flourished throughout Antiquity, however, they fell to the Islamic conquest in the 7th century, although other Persian empires formed again later.
Ancestors
Proto-Indo-Europeans (Proto-Indo-European speakers)
Proto-Indo-Iranians (common ancestors of the Iranian, Nuristani and Indo-Aryan peoples) (Proto-Indo-Iranian speakers)
Proto-Iranians (Proto-Iranian speakers)
Ancient Iranian Peoples
Mentioned in the Avesta
Airyas
Ahiryas
Dahis (possible ancestors of the Dahae or Dasa)
Sainus
Sairimas
Tuiryas
Turanians - an ancient Iranian ethnic group, their land was called Turan, a word that later was applied to the lands north of Iran and the Iranian Plateau and mountains, i.e. all Central Asia (including Transoxiana). (in the Avesta "Turan" had the meaning of an Iranian tribe, only later the name had the meaning of lands inhabited by Turkic tribes).
Yashtians
East Iranians
Northeast Iranians (Northern East Iranians)
Saka / Sacans (Sakā) / Scytho-Sarmatians - Sarmatians and Scythians, Scythian cultures peoples of the Western (or Ponto-Caspian steppe), Central (or Kazakh steppe) Eurasian steppe and Central Asia that spoke several Scytho-Sarmatian Iranian languages and had a kin and similar culture. The name Sakā was an Old Persian generic word for all Iranian speaking peoples, Scythians, Sarmatians and others, that lived in the Eurasian Steppe and were nomad or semi nomadic pastoralists/herders)
Western Saka (Western Scytho-Sarmatians) (Scythians in a narrow sense - the Scythian culture peoples that lived in the Ponto-Caspian steppe, the west part of the Eurasian Steppe)
Scythians / Scoloti (Skolotoí / Saka) (Sakā para Draya - "Sakas Beyond the Sea" - The Sea was the Pontus Euxinus / Black Sea) (the Old Persian word "Saka" covered both Scythians and Sarmatians)
Achaei (Acae)
Agavi Scythae
Core Scythians
Arpoxaians-Colaxaians-Lipoxaians
Arpoxaians (descendants of Arpoxais, possible eponym)
Catiari / Katiaroi
Traspies
Colaxaians (descendants of Colaxais, possible eponym)
Paralatae / Royal Scythians
Spalaei / Spali / Palaei / Pali
Lipoxaians (descendants of Lipoxais, possible eponym)
Auchetae / Euchatae
Asampatae
Athernei
Hamaxobii
Lower Danube Scythians (a small tribal group of Scythians that took refuge in the areas of today's Dobrogea)
Crimean Scythians (a small tribal group of Scythians that took refuge in the areas of today's Crimea)
Tauri Scythae / Tauroscythae, Tauri Scythians or Scythianized Tauri, they lived in the plains of Northern Taurica or Tauris Peninsula (today called Crimea)
Eastern Saka (Eastern Scytho-Sarmatians) (Scythians in the broad sense of Scythian culture peoples) (in a narrow sense, Eastern Saka refers to the Iranian nomadic or seminomadic pastoralist peoples that lived in the central part of the Eurasian steppe or Kazakh steppe and Central Asia, they were called "Sarmatians" by the Greeks and "Saka" by the Persians) (the Old Persian word "Saka" covered both Scythians and Sarmatians)
Central Asian Sakas / Central Asia Scytho-Sarmatians
Core Central Asian Sakas / Core Central Asian Scytho-Sarmatians
Amyrgians (Sakā haumavargā - Soma Drinkers/Gatherers Sakas) (Sakā para Sugudam - Sakas Beyond Sogdiana, may have been the same as the Sakā haumavargā i.e. the Amyrgians, the Greek name for the same people) (roughly in today's Ferghana Valley and basin, parts of Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Kyrghyzstan)
Anaraci
Aspisi / Aspisii
Cachassae
Chauranaci
Southwest Central Asian Sakas / Southwest Central Asian Scytho-Sarmatians
Dahae-Amardi
Dahae / Dahas / Dasa
Parni / Aparni (tribe where Arsaces I became chief, later he became the first king of Parthia, he was the founder of the Arsacid Dynasty, that ruled the Parthian Empire; several ancient authors said he was of Scythian or Bactrian origin)
Pissuri
Xanthii
Amardians / Mardians (initially they lived in Southwest Central Asia, however they migrated southwest towards central Alborz Mountains and plains of southern Caspian Sea coast and later they became assimilated into Northwestern Iranians subgroup of Western Iranians)
Tapurians / Tapuri / Tapuraei (initially they lived in Southwest Central Asia, however they migrated southwest toward Tapuria, in the east Alborz Mountains and plains of the southeastern Caspian Sea coast, and later they became assimilated into Northwestern Iranians subgroup of Western Iranians) (origin of the name Tapuristan or Tabaristan, the land where they went living)
Massagetae / Orthocorybantians (Sakā tigraxaudā - Pointy Hoods / Pointed Hats Sakas or Scythians) (Massagetae and Sakā Tigraxaudā or Orthocorybantians, as they were known by the Greeks, may have been different names for the same people)
Apasiacae
Iaxartae (they lived along the Iaxartes river banks (modern Syr Darya)
Norossi
Tectosaces (not to be confused with the Celtic Tectosages)
Sakas (in a modern narrow sense the northernmost and easternmost Scytho-Sarmatians, including those who lived in the Tarim Basin, where Tocharians also dwelt)
Scytho-Siberians (in southern West Siberia and northern Kazakhstan, in the upper Irtysh, Ishim, Tobol and Ob' river courses regions)
Abii / Gabii
Altay-Sayan Sakas / Altay-Sayan Scythians / Altay-Sayan Scytho-Sarmatians (they were part of the Scythian cultures ethnic and linguistic continuum; they lived in the Altay and western slopes of the Sayan Mountains and possibly they were the people that formed the Pazyryk culture) (possibly they conquered or expelled the older Afanasievo culture people, which were possibly descendant from the Proto-Tocharians) (there is the strong possibility that Proto-Turkics were influenced by the Altay-Sayan Sakas and vice versa and also to a possibility of an ethnic mixing in this region between larger West Eurasian and East Eurasian populations)
Galactophagi ("Milk Drinkers" / "Milk Eaters") (real or legendary people)
Galactopotae (real or legendary people)
Hippemolgi ("Mare-Milkers") (real or legendary people)
Hippophagi ("Horse Eaters") (real or legendary people)
Thyssagetae
Sacaralae (Eastern Central Asia Saka) (roughly in today's central and eastern Kazakhstan) - they lived in the Chu and Sarysu river basins and their desert areas, and in the Ili river and Lake Balkash basin and most part of the Tian Shan mountains northern slope (also known as Tengri Tagh or Tengir-Too mountains).
Tarim Basin Sakas (mainly in the western and southern regions)
Gumo Sakas / Tumshuq Sakas (they lived in today's Tumshuq region and city) (they spoke Tumshuqese or Tumshuqese Saka, a Northeast Iranian language or dialect)
Kashgar Sakas (they lived in Kashgar city and region)
Khotan Sakas (they lived in the Khotan region, known as Gaustana in Sanskrit and Prakrit texts) (they spoke Khotanese or Khotanese Saka, a Northeast Iranian language or dialect)
Indo-Scythians / Indo-Sakas (a group of Sakas that migrated towards East Iranian Plateau, Indus valley and India)
Sarmatians Proper / Sauromatae
Aorsi-Alans (two closely related Sarmatian tribes or the same tribe known by different names)
Aorsi (they lived northeast of the Siraces) (Yancai or Yentsai was the Chinese name of a State that could be identical with an Aorsi one)
Lower Aorsi (Western Aorsi)
Upper Aorsi (Eastern Aorsi) (from northern Caspian Sea coast to the northern Aral Sea coast) (identical with the Alans?)
Alans (a closely related people or tribe with the Aorsi Sarmatians or the same people known by two different names) (Aryan > *Alyan > Alan) (Ossetians / Irættæ are a modern branch) (also called "Melanchlaeni" - "Black-Cloaks", not to be confused with other two peoples called by that same name that were: the "Melanchlaeni" - "Black-Cloaks" of Pontus, and the "Melanchlaeni" - "Black-Cloaks" of the far north)
Iasi (Iasi / Jassi / Jasz are descendants from a group of Alans that migrated westward, they are related but not identical to the oldest Iazyges)
Roxolani (an offshoot and eastern branch of the Alans)
Banat Roxolani (a branch of the Roxolani that migrated westward)
Agaragantes / Arcaragantes (Free Sarmatians)
Cissianti
Iazyges / Iazyges Metanastae / Iaxamatae
Khorouathoi / Choruathi / Haravati (their name may have influenced the ethnonym of the Croats but are not necessarily their ancestors or of most of them)
Phoristae
Rhymnici, they dwelt along Rha river banks (today's Volga) in the steppe area (the adjective seems to derive from the name "Rha" or "Rā", the Scythian name for the Volga river) (Oares was the Greek name for this river)
Rimphaces
Serboi (their name may have influenced the ethnonym of the Serbs but are not necessarily their ancestors or of most of them)
Siraci / Siraces
Spondolici
Urgi
Khwarezmians-Sogdians
Chorasmians / Khwarezmians
Sogdians - the people that lived in Sogdiana, possible ancestors of the Yaghnobis (Kangju – Chinese name of a State probably identical to the Sogdians)
Southeast Iranians (Southern East Iranians)
Arachosians / Arachoti
Eoritae
Musarnaei
Pactyans / Pakthas (possible ancestors of the Pakhtuns / Pashtuns) The Greek historian Herodotus mentioned a people called Pactyan living on the eastern frontier of the Achaemenid Arachosia Satrapy as early as the 1st millennium BCE.
Par(g)yetae
Rhoplutae
Sidri
Arians Proper / Arii
Borgi
Casirotae
Ariaspae / Evergetae
Bactrians
Chomari
Comi
Drepsiani
Oxiani
Parsii
Salatarae
Trybactae
Zariaspae
Drangians / Drangae / Zarangians / Zarangae
Gedrosians / Gedrosii / Gedroseni
Aparytae
Arabitae / Arbies
Iranian Ichthyophagi / Iranian Ichthyophagoi (Iranian Fish-Eaters)
Oritae
Paricanians / Paricanii / Oreitae / Orae (from Old Persian Barikânu - Mountain people)
Rhamnae
Margians
Drachamae
Mycae
West Iranians
Northwest Iranians (Northern West Iranians)
Aenianes
Astabeni
Carduchi / Corduchi / Cyrtaei / Cyrtii (mentioned by Strabo, and possible ancestors of the Kurds according to Muhammad Dandamayev) (See "Carduchi" in Encyclopædia Iranica)
Derbiccans / Derbiccae / Derbices (oldest inhabitants of the land later known as Tapuristan or Tabaristan and part of Hyrcania before the arrival of the Tapures or Tapuri)
Dribyces
Gelae / Gilites (possible ancestors of the Gilaks), although associate they were not the same people as the Cadusii
Hyrcani, they lived in Hyrcania
Medes
Arizanti
Budii
Busae
Magi (Median tribe from where, over time, many of the Zoroastrian priests came, it was a priestly tribe for the Zoroastrian religion, somehow similar to the role Levites, from the Tribe of Levi, had in Judaism, the religion of the ancient Hebrews, Jews or Israelites)
Paraetaceni / Paraetacae / Paraetaci
Sidices
Struchates
Vaddasi
Parthians
Nisaei (in the region of Nisa, first capital of the Parthians, Parthia)
Seven Parthian clans (Seven Great Houses of Iran) (tribe of seven clans) - Ispahbudhan / Aspahbadh (seat was in Gurgan), Karen / Karen-Pahlavi (Kārēn-Pahlaw) (seat was in Nahavand), Mihran / Mehrān (seat was in Ray), Spandiyadh / Spendiad / Isfandiyar (seat was in Ray), Suren (seat was in Sakastan or Sistan, ancient Zaranka, Zranka or Drangiana), Varaz (seat was in Eastern Khorasan), Zik (seat was in Adurbadagan or Aturpatakan, called Atropatene by the Greeks, today's modern Iranian Azerbaijan) ("House" was synonym of "Clan")
Indo-Parthians / Suren Parthians (origin in the Suren Parthians)
Vitii
Southwest Iranians (Southern West Iranians)
Carmanians / Garmanians (Carmani / Garmani) / Germani / Germanii (a variant of Carmani, i.e. Carmanians, not to be confused with the Germanic peoples of Europe, that were also Indo-European peoples but from another branch or subfamily)
Arae
Chudi
Isatichae
Proto-Persians (Parsua / Parsumash)
Persians
Dai
Derusiaei
Dropici
Maraphii (one of the three main and leading ancient Persian tribes)
Mardi / Southern Mardi
Maspii (one of the three main and leading ancient Persian tribes)
Panthialaei
Pasargadae (one of the three main and leading ancient Persian tribes, this was the tribe that contained the clan of the Achaemenids, House of Achaemenes, from which Cyrus the Great, founder of the Persian Empire, was a member) ("House" was synonym of "Clan") (Pasargadae, the first capital of the Persian Achaemenid Empire, was in the land of this tribe and took its name from them)
Pateischoreis
Rhapses
Sagartians / Asagartians (their exact location is unknown; according to Herodotus (1.125, 7.85) they were related to the Ancient Persians, which dwelt in southwestern Iran and spoke a southwestern Iranian language) (there is the possibility, by phonetic change, that their name survives in the name of the Zagros Mountains if they were identical to the Zikirti; there is also the possibility that they dwelt in northeastern Iran, south of the Parthians, and not in the Zagros mountains)
Sassanians (tribe that contained the clan of the House of Sasan, that gave the name to the tribe, from which Ardashir I, founder of the Sassanian Empire, was a member) ("House" was synonym of "Clan")
Soxotae
Stabaei
Suzaei
Utians
Ancient peoples of uncertain origin with possible Iranian background or partially Iranian
Mainly Iranian Background
Iranian Huns (Xwn / Xyon / Hunas) (mostly Iranian descendants from the nomadic Sakas, although many in the ruling class may have been Xunyu or Xiongnu Turkic in origin and related to the Huns or Western Huns that invaded many parts of the Western Eurasian steppe and Late Antiquity Europe)
Nezak Huns
Red Huns / Kermichiones (Red = Southern)
Alchon Huns / Alchono Huns
Kidarites / Kermichiones (Karmir Xyon)
White Huns (Spet Xyon / Sveta Huna) (White = Western)
Hephthalites / Uar (Ebodalo)
Xionites / Chionites / Chionitae
Iranians mixed with other non-Iranian peoples
Dacian-Iranian
Agathyrsi
Tyragetae (may have been a mixed Daco-Getae - Iranian people, or just a Dacian-Getae people or tribe and not an Iranian one)
Greek-Iranian
Gelonians / Geloni (Helonians / Heloni), people of partially Greek and partially Scythian descent.
Northwest Caucasian-Iranian
Maeotians, a group of peoples that dwelt in the Maeotian Lake (Azov Sea) and Palus Maeotis (Don river delta swamps) that may have been Cimmerians, Iranian people (Scythians), West Caucasian people (Circassians / Adyghe) with an Iranian overlordship or a mixture of Iranian and West Caucasian peoples
Agri
Arrechi
Aspurgiani
Dandarii
Dosci
Ixomates
Obidiaceni
Sindi / Sindes / Sindones / Sindianoi
Sittaceni
Tarpetes
Toreatae
Slavic-Iranian
Antes, may have been a Slavic people and not an Iranian one or a mixed Iranian and Slavic people.
Thracian-Iranian
Cimmerians, they could have been a people of Thracian-Dacian origin with an Iranian overlordship, a mixture of Thracians and Iranians or a missing link between Indo-Iranian peoples and Thracians and Dacians.
Mixed peoples that had some Iranian component
Celtic-Germanic-Iranian
Bastarnae, an ancient people who between 200 BC and 300 AD inhabited the region between the Carpathian Mountains and the river Dnieper, to the north and east of ancient Dacia - one possible origin of the name is from Avestan and Old Persian cognate bast- "bound, tied; slave" (cf. Ossetic bættən "bind", bast "bound"), and Proto-Iranian *arna - "offspring"
Atmoni / Atmoli
Peucini / Peucini Bastarnae (a branch of the Bastarnae that lived in the region north of the Danube Delta)
Sidoni / Sidones
Possible Iranian or Non-Iranian peoples
Iranian or other Indo-European peoples
Iranian or Anatolian (Indo-European)
Cappadocians or Leucosyri (White Syrians) (a possible Anatolian Indo-European people and not an Iranian one)
Iranian or Germanic
Taifals (Taifali / Taifalae)
Iranian or Indo-Aryan
Dadicae / Daradai / Daradas (Darada > Darda > Dard?) (may have been possible ancestors of the Dards, an Indo-Aryan people, and not an Iranian one), they dwelt in the region of the upper course of the Indus, in modern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Gilgit area of the modern Gilgit-Baltistan, both in Pakistan and also in Kashmir Valley and Chenab Valley in India.
Sattagydans, people that dwelt in Sattagydia (Old Persian Thataguš; th = θ, from θata - "hundred" and guš - "cows", country of the People of "Hundred Cows"), may have been an Iranian people of Sindh with Indo-Aryan influence or the opposite, an Indo-Aryan people of Sindh with Iranian influence.
Sogdi (Sogdoí), people that inhabited where today is the Sibi Division valley in Balochistan, between Balochistan and Sindh, and most of the Larkana Division, and parts of the Sukkur Division to the west of the Indus river, in Sindh, their main city was called Sogdorum Regia (maybe today's Sukkur) by the ancient Greek and Roman authors, and was on the Indus river banks. They may have been, as the name could tell, a branch of the Sogdians, the "Indus Sogdians", in a region of the west Indus valley or they also may have been an Indo-Aryan people of the Indus valley with a coincidental name with the Sogdians.
Shakya - a clan of Iron age India (1st millennium BCE), habitating an area in Greater Magadha, on the foothills of the Himalaya mountains. Some scholars argue that the Shakya were of Scythian (Saka) origin and assimilated into Indo-Aryan peoples. Siddhartha Gautama (also known as Buddha or Shakyamuni - Sage of the Shakyas) (c. 6th to 4th centuries BCE), whose teachings became the foundation of Buddhism, was the best-known Shakya.
Iranian or Nuristani
Kambojas / Komedes / Kapisi / Rishikas / Tambyzoi / Ambautae - a people that lived in a country called Kumuda, probably in what is now part of Afghanistan. There are different views among scholars about their ethnic and linguistic kinship. According to some they are possible ancestors of Pamir peoples in the Pamir Mountains, roughly Badakhshan region of Tajikistan and Afghanistan and parts of the Hindu Kush or Paropamisus in east central Afghanistan and northwestern Pakistan) According to other scholars they were an old transitional people between Iranian and Indo-Aryan peoples and as such they may have been the ancestors of the Nuristani people (until the end of the 19th century they were known as Kafirs because they were not Muslims, and practiced an ancient Indo-Iranian religion like today the Kalash people). In Antiquity, one of the regions that they dwelt was in the southern and eastern slopes of the Paropamisus Mountains (today's Hindu Kush in east central Afghanistan and northwestern Pakistan)
Ambautae
Ashvakas / Assacenii / Assacani / Aspasii (Aspasians): A few scholars have linked the historical Afghans (modern Pakhtuns/Pashtuns) to the Ashvakas (the Ashvakayanas and Ashvayanas of Pāṇini or the Assakenoi and Aspasio of Arrian). The name Afghan is said to have derived from the Ashvakan of Sanskrit texts. Ashvakas are identified as a branch of the Kambojas. This people was known, by Greek and Roman authors, as Assakanoi and Assacani. The similarity of the name Assacani with the name Sacae/Sacans/Sakas made that the two peoples were confused by Greeks and Romans (as is shown in map 11 regarding the Pamir mountains on the upper right edge). However the Pamir mountains were dwelt by the Asvaka Kambojas and not by the Sacans although they were related peoples (they were both East Iranians, however the Asvaka Kambojas were or Southeast Iranians or ancestors of the Nuristani while the Sacans/Sakas, Scythians or Sarmatians, were Northeast Iranians).
Apracharajas
Cabolitae, in the region of Kabul (today's capital of Afghanistan), part of the old Kingdom of Kapisa
Indo-Kambojas
Western Kambojas (spread and scattered in Sindhu, Saurashtra, Malwa, Rajasthan, Punjab and Surasena)
Eastern Kambojas (some formed the Kamboja-Pala Dynasty of Bengal)
Parama Kambojas, Kumuda or Komedes, of the Alay Valley or Alay Mountains, north of Hindukush / Paropamisus in today's far southern Kyrgyzstan and far northern Tajikistan. They formed the Parama Kamboja Kingdom. In ancient Sanskrit texts, their territory was known as Kumudadvipa and it formed the southern tip of the Sakadvipa or Scythia. In classical literature, this people are known as Komedes. Indian epic Mahabharata designates them as Parama Kambojas
Homodotes
Rishikas, some historians believe the Rishikas were a part of, or synonymous with, the Kambojas. However, there are other theories regarding their origins.
Tambyzi / Tambyzoi
Iranian or Slavs
Limigantes (may have been a non-Sarmatian subject people - slaves or serfs of the Sarmatians, some scholars think they were Slavs)
Iranian or Thracian
Sigynnae
Iranian or Thracian-Iranian (Cimmerian) or Northwest Caucasian
Tauri, they lived in the mountains of Southern Taurica or Tauris Peninsula (today's Crimea); non scythianized Tauri.
Arichi
Napaei
Sinchi
Iranian or Tocharian
There are different or conflicting views among scholars regarding the ethnic and linguistic kinship of the peoples known by the Han Chinese as Wusun and Yuezhi and also other less known peoples (a minority of scholars argue that they were Tocharians, based, among other things, on the similarity of names like "Kushan" and the native name of "Kucha" (Kuśi) and the native name "Kuśi" and Chinese name "Gushi" or the name "Arsi" and "Asii", however most scholars argue that they were possibly Northeastern Iranian peoples)
Argippaei
Asii / Issedones / Wusun (may have been the same people called by different exonym names)
Asii / Asioi / Osii, an ancient Indo-European people of Central Asia, during the 2nd and 1st Centuries BCE, known only from Classical Greek and Roman sources.
Issedones, people that lived north and northeast of the Sarmatians and Scythians in Western Siberia or Chinese Turkestan (Xinjiang) (may have been the same people as the Asii or Asioi).
Wusun - some speculate that they were the same as the Issedones / Essedones
Gushi or Jushi or Gushineans (an obscure ancient people that lived in two regions: in the Turpan Basin, i.e. Chinese Jushi or Gushi, including Khocho or Qočo, known in Chinese as Gaochang; and also in a large northern region, roughly in many parts of the region later known as Dzungaria, south of the Altay Mountains; they were the basis of the Gushi or Jushi Kingdom. They spoke a language that eventually diverged into two dialects, as noted by diplomats from the Han empire) (they may have been one of the peoples misnamed "Tocharians", speakers of Tocharian A?) (there are different views among scholars about their ethnic and linguistic kinship)
Nearer Gushi / Anterior Gushi, in the Turpan Basin
Further Gushi / Posterior Gushi, the region north of the Turpan Basin, 10 km north of Jimasa, 200 km north of Jiaohe, roughly in Dzungaria.
Yuezhi / Gara? (an ancient Indo-European speaking people, in the western areas of the modern Chinese province of Gansu, during the 1st millennium BC, or in Dunhong, in the Tian Shan, later they migrated westward and southward into south Central Asia, in contact and conflict with the Sogdians and Bactrians, and they possibly were the people called by the name Tocharians or Tukhara, which was possibly an Iranian speaking people not to be confused with another people misnamed or not as "Tocharians") (according to the Iranian historian Jahanshah Derakhshani the Kochi or Kuchi people, a group of nomadic Ghilji or Ghilzai Pakhtun, are descendants from the Yuezhi that were assimilated into the Pakhtun, the name derives from Guci, formerly Chinese: 月氏; pinyin: Yuèzhī)
Greater-Yuezhi (Tu Gara?) (Dà Yuèzhī – 大月氏) (Tu Gara > Tu Kara? > Tu Khara?) Possibly the Iranian Tocharians (not to be confused with the peoples called "Tocharians" in a misnomer) (possibly they were the ancestors of the Kushans)
Tusharas (Tukharas?), could have been identical with the Greater-Yuezhi, the greater part of Yuezhi, are the people that migrated from western Gansu and after from the Ili Valley, migrated southward and settled in Tukhara, another name for Bactria after the invasion of the Iranian Tocharians that came from the north and northeast (not to be confused with the peoples mistakenly called "Tocharians" which were of another Indo-European branch of peoples)
Kushans (Chinese: 貴霜; pinyin: Guìshuāng), they were the basis of the Kushan Empire)
Lesser-Yuezhi (Xiǎo Yuèzhī – 小月氏)
Iranian, Tocharian or Turkic
Ordos culture people (in the Upper or North Ordos Plateau or the Ordos Desert) (if ancient Indo-European, they would have been the easternmost people) (they may have been a people closely related to the Yuezhi)
Iranian or Non-Indo-European peoples
Iranian or Northeast Caucasian
Cadusii, warlike people living just north of Medes with possible Iranian or Caucasian origin.
Caspians, were a people of antiquity who dwelt along the southern and southwestern shores of the Caspian Sea, in the region known as Caspiane.
Iranian or Turkic
Xiongnu (ruling class) The Xiongnu could also be synonymous with the Huns, that are assumed to be a Turkic people, although there is not certainty or consensus about this matter.
Iranian or Ugric
Iyrcae / Iyrkai, people that lived northeast of the Thyssagetae, they dwelt in far southwestern Siberia, in the upper basins of the Tobol and the Irtysh rivers, possibly they are the ancestors of the Ugrian peoples, Khanty and Mansi and the more distantly related Magyars (Hungarians), they are speakers of Uralic languages and not Iranian. These peoples were collectively called Yugra, where the adjective "Ugric" comes from (possible phonetic change: *Iurka > *Iukra > *Iugra > Jugra or Yugra; J = English Y; u or ü, Ancient Greek y = ü). They were culturally influenced by ancient Iranian peoples (including language borrowings). The name "Iyrcae" sometimes was wrongly spelt as "Tyrcae" "(Türkai)" by ancient authors (like Pliny the Elder and Pomponius Mela) but there is no connection to the Turkic peoples (Turks).
Semi-legendary peoples (inspired by real Iranian peoples)
Amazons-Gargareans
Amazons, a semi-legendary people or tribe of women warriors (an all-female tribe) that Greek authors such as Herodotus and Strabo said to be related to the Scythians and the Sarmatians, however, there could be some historical background for a real people with Iranian etymology (*ha-mazan- "warriors") that lived in Scythia and Sarmatia, but later became the subject of wild exaggerations and myths. Ancient authors said that they guaranteed their continuity through reproduction with the Gargareans (an all-male tribe).
Gargareans, a semi-legendary people or tribe only formed by men (an all-male tribe), however, there could be some historical background for a real people, but later became the subject of wild exaggerations and myths. Ancient authors said that they guaranteed their continuity through reproduction with the Amazons (an all-female tribe).
Arimaspae
Arimaspae / Arimaspi / Arimphaei / Riphaeans, they lived north of the Scythians in the southeast foothills of the Riphean Mountains (Ural Mountains?), although a semi-legendary people or tribe there could be some historical background for a real people with Iranian etymology (Ariama: love, and Aspa: horses) that lived in that region but they were later turned as base for a myth, especially for the one-eyed beings that fought with the griffins.
See also
Iranian peoples
Iranian languages
List of ancient Indo-Aryan peoples and tribes
List of Rigvedic tribes
List of ancient Greek tribes
List of ancient Germanic peoples and tribes
List of ancient Slavic peoples and tribes
List of ancient Celtic peoples and tribes
List of ancient Italic peoples
References
Literature
H. Bailey, "ARYA: Philology of ethnic epithet of Iranian people", in Encyclopædia Iranica, v, pp. 681–683, Online-Edition, Link
A. Shapur Shahbazi, "Iraj: the eponymous hero of the Iranians in their traditional history" in Encyclopædia Iranica, Online-Edition, Link
R. Curzon, "The Iranian Peoples of the Caucasus",
Jahanshah Derakhshani, "Die Arier in den nahöstlichen Quellen des 3. und 2. Jahrtausends v. Chr.", 2nd edition, 1999, ("The Arians in the Middle Eastern sources of the 3rd and 2nd Millennia BC")
Richard Frye, "Persia", Zurich, 1963
Wei Lan-Hai; Li Hui; Xu Wenkan (2013). "The separate origins of the Tocharians and the Yuezhi: Results from recent advances in archaeology and genetics" in Research Gate
External links
- Source texts of ancient Greek and Roman authors
- Strabo's work The Geography (Geographica). Book 11, Chapters 6 to 13, and Book 15, Chapters 2 and 3, are about regions dwelt by ancient Iranian peoples and tribes (each region has a chapter).
List of Globally Famous People of Iran (M.I.T)
Lists of ethnic groups
Iranian
Indo-European peoples | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20ancient%20Iranian%20peoples |
Haleji Lake () is a perennial freshwater lake in Thatta District of Sindh Province, Pakistan. It is in size and is surrounded by marshes and brackish seepage lagoons.
History
Haleji Lake was a saline lagoon until the 1930s and was converted into a reservoir to provide additional water to Karachi.
During World War II, additional water was required for troops stationed at Karachi. The then-British Government of Sindh Province decided to increase the capacity of the lake by introducing a feeder canal from the Indus River. Salt water was drained out and an embankment was constructed around the lake which was fed with fresh water through a canal. The work was placed on a war footing and was completed within 24 months in 1943.
Fauna
Haleji Lake is a wintering site for waterfowl such as cotton teal, Indian spot-billed duck, purple moorhen and pheasant-tailed jacana. It is also a breeding site for egrets and herons.
See also
Hamal Lake
Hadero Lake
References
Lakes of Sindh
Thatta District
Ramsar sites in Pakistan
Tourist attractions in Thatta | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haleji%20Lake |
Moorsholm is a village in the unitary authority of Redcar and Cleveland and the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England.
The village lies from Saltburn-by-the-Sea between the North York Moors and the North Sea. Because of its proximity to the North Sea coast the area was vulnerable, historically, to attack by invaders from Scandinavia. The name of Moorsholm is of Viking origin with the suffix holm, which meant a settlement, being affixed to the location of the village by the moors: so meaning settlement by the moors. The village used to be called Great Moorsholm to distinguish it from a farm called Little Moorsholm, which is the other side of the Hagg Beck Valley to the north. 'Little Moorsholm' is a title now more commonly applied to a more modern housing estate between that farm and Lingdale. The settlement was mentioned in the Domesday book as Morehusum, belonging to the Earl of Morton and later Clan Bruce, ancestor to the kings of Scotland, and from them descended to the Thwengs, Lumleys, and others. It was a planned mediaeval village built along a main street with crofts and their associated tofts on each side. The church of St Mary, Moorsholm, was built in 1892 and is of stone in 12th-century style. It consists of chancel, nave and west tower.
The Memorial Hall was built as a war memorial in 1957 and is used as the doctors’ surgery and meeting room.
About to the south of Moorsholm is the landmark of Freebrough Hill, a detached natural hill which is a left over glacial drumlin a relic from the last ice age. This explains its unusual conical shape.
Sport
Moorsholm Athletic is the village football team for Junior players. The club competes in the Teesside Junior Football Alliance (TJFA). In recent years villagers have started their own tournament, pitting the under 30s in the village against the over 30s as an 11-a-side extension of the popular summer 5-a-side fixture.
Moorsholm Cricket Club has a history of activity dating back to 1911 and the club's ground is based on The Green, Guisborough Road. The club have two senior teams: a Saturday 1st XI that compete in the Langbaurgh Cricket League and a Mid-Week Senior XI in the Esk Valley Evening League. Moorsholm CC also have a junior training section that play competitive cricket in the Derwent Valley Junior Cricket League.
Moorsholm also play league Quoits, and darts is also played in the village.
References
External links
Villages in North Yorkshire
Places in the Tees Valley
Redcar and Cleveland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moorsholm |
Giovanni "Gianni" Perricelli (born August 25, 1967 in Milan) is an Italian race walker who competed at four editions of Olympic Games: 1988 Summer Olympics, 1992 Summer Olympics, 1996 Summer Olympics, 2000 Summer Olympics,
Achievements
See also
Italian all-time lists - 50 km walk
References
External links
1967 births
Living people
Italian male racewalkers
Athletes (track and field) at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes for Italy
World Athletics Championships medalists
European Athletics Championships medalists
Universiade medalists in athletics (track and field)
World Athletics Championships athletes for Italy
Universiade silver medalists for Italy
Medalists at the 1995 Summer Universiade
20th-century Italian people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Giovanni%20Perricelli |
Stanghow is a village in the borough of Redcar and Cleveland and the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England. The place name Stanghow is thought to derive from the Old Norse meaning Stong-how meaning pole hill. How or Howe, deriving from the Old Norse word haugr meaning a hill, is a common element in Yorkshire place name.
It has won Britain in Bloom twice, in 2010 and 2012.
Education Statistics
These is for the highest level education obtained by the residents of Stanghow and are from the UK Census of 2011. Stanghow has a high level of residents with either no qualifications or qualifications equal to 1 or more GCSE at grade D or below than the national average.
References
External links
Villages in North Yorkshire
Places in the Tees Valley
Redcar and Cleveland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanghow |
Lingdale is a village in the unitary authority of Redcar and Cleveland and the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England. The village was created with the advent of ironstone mining in the area, in the early 19th century.
History
Lingdale was built in the 1870s as a village for the ironstone mine workers and was located next to an ironstone mine. The mine was served by a railway which existed to carry iron-ore for the Lingdale mine until its closure in 1964. Few traces remain to be seen today. Although originally a village exclusively for mine workers, Lingdale slowly developed to be a village for all to come and make their home in. After the closure of the mines, in 1962, all the mine workers' houses became vacant and non-miners were able to live in them. As with the railway, little remains of the mine, most significantly the overgrown entrance to the mine. However, much of Lingdale's mining past disappeared with the demolition of the then very much run-down miners' houses. Today 1980s council houses stand on the sites of the mine workers' houses. A few mineworkers' houses still stand, now modernised.
Many of Lingdale's older Victorian houses, not associated with mine workers, still stand, as does the Lingdale United Reformed Church, a Victorian chapel-like building, and a number of other churches.
Mining disaster of 1953
On 24 August 1953, 15 men were critically injured in a horrifying gas explosion in the south-west dips district of Lingdale Ironstone Mine. During the days that followed, eight men died due to shock and the severity of their burns.
An hour and a half after the start of the morning shift there was an ignition of gas in the mine and several miners were badly burned. They were working about from the pithead when the explosion occurred and were underground.
Lingdale brass band
It was very common in the past, for mining communities to have a brass band, and Lingdale was no exception. A brass band was formed in 1851, as Lingdale Ironstone Miners' Band. It later became known as Lingdale Silver Band, Lingdale Silver (ICI Chemical Products) Band (from 1986). In 1998, the band merged with the Yarm & District Band to form Lockwood Band.
Notable people
Jack Curnow, a professional football goalkeeper, was born in Lingdale in 1910.
Adam Boyes, a professional footballer, was born in Lingdale in 1990.
Birthplace of Bobby Smith, former Spurs and England centre-forward, who played in their double-winning side of 1961, and scored in the FA Cup Final, on two separate occasions.
Arnold Knight, played for Spurs and also Leeds United
Bobby Smith's brother Keith, played for Chelsea and then Millwall
George Hardwick captained Middlesbrough, England, and is the only player to have captained a Great Britain side (outside of the Olympic Games).
Mary Reveley an English racehorse trainer. She trained over 2,000 winners in a 26-year career, was the first woman to saddle 100 winners in a calendar year (in 1991), and also became the first female trainer to saddle 50 winners on the flat (in 1992).
References
External links
Lingdale history
Villages in North Yorkshire
Places in the Tees Valley
Redcar and Cleveland
Ironstone Mines in North Yorkshire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lingdale |
Thatta District (, ) is located in the southern area, locally called Laar, of the province of Sindh, Pakistan. Its capital is Thatta. It is home to a large necropolis of Makli. In 2013, several talukas were separated to form the new Sujawal District.
History
The capital of three successive native Sindhi dynasties and later ruled by the Mughal. Thatta was the capital of three successive dynasties, the traces of which are evident in the Makli necropolis, which spreads over a twelve square kilometer area. These dynasties are: Samma (1335-1520), Arghun (1520-1555) and Tarkhan (1555-1665). Thatta was constantly embellished from the 14th to the 18th century. The remains of the city and its necropolis provide a unique view of civilization in Sindh. Thatta, about east of Karachi. Thatta also served as capital of Sindh and as a center for Islamic arts.
Since the 14th century four Muslim dynasties ruled Sindh from Thatta, but in 1739 the capital was moved elsewhere and Thatta declined. It was believed that this was the place where Alexander the Great rested his legions after their long march. The town is dominated by the Great Mosque built by the Moghul Emperor Shahjahan which has been carefully restored to its original condition. The mosque's 33 arched domes give it superb acoustics and the tile work, a whole range of shades of blue, is equally fine.
Situated on the outskirts of the new town, it is surrounded by narrow lanes and multi-story houses made of plaster and wood which are top by badgers, the wind catchers designed to funnel cool breezes down into the interiors of buildings. They are also quite common in Hyderabad.
The bazaars of Thatta are known for hand-printed fabrics, glass bangles and Sindhi embroidery work in laid with tinny mirrors, one of the more world known handicrafts of Pakistan. Thatta appears to have scarcely moved out of the 18th century and is only slowly catching up with the modern world.
The shifting nature of the Indus makes it difficult to discern the exact location of ancient Thatta, but the name indicates its strong relation to the Indus. Thatta, derived from Thatti, Thatt or Thatto, a Sindhi word for a small settlement on riverbanks, was an important medieval city locally known as Nagar-Thato. All historic accounts paint Thatta as a populous and flourishing trading post and a refuge of saints and scholars.
Jam Nizamu-d Din or Jam Ninda, as he was affectionately known, ruled in Sindh's golden age as the leader of Samma-dynasty from 866 to 1461. The rise of Thatta as an important commercial and cultural center was directly related to his patronage and policies. The Samma-civilization contributed significantly to the evolution of the prevailing architectural style that can be classified as Sindhi-Islamic.
Thatta is famous for its necropolis, which covers on the Makli Hill, which assumed its quasi-sacred character during Jam Nizamu-d Din's rule. The site became closely interlinked with the lives of the people. Every year thousands perform pilgrimage to this site to commemorate the saints buried here. The graves testify to a period of four centuries when Thatta was a thriving center of trade, religion and scholarly pursuits and the capital of Sind. In 1768, Thatta's per-eminence was usurped by Hyderabad. Though many of the mausoleums and graves are dilapidated, many are still exquisite architectural examples with fine stone carving and glazed tile decoration.
Jam Nizamu-d Din's death was followed by a war of succession carried out between the cousins, Jam Feroz and Jam Salahu-d Din. The Moghul army took the opportunity and Thatta came under the Arghun dynasty. The refined tastes of the Arghun and later the Tarkhan, who came from the Timurid cities of Khurasan and Central Asia enhanced Thatta's cultural and architectural landscape.
The reign of Mirza Isa Tarkhan's son Mirza Baki however, was one of persecution. He became reputed as one of the cruelest rulers of Sind. Thatta witnessed the cold-blooded murder of the Arghuns and the persecution of people claiming nobility, or religious or scholarly eminence. Mirza Jani Beg is known to have worked to restore what Mirza Baki had destroyed. However, when Emperor Akbar sent Nawab Khan Khanan to subjugate Thatta, Mirza Jani Beg is said to have removed the people to Kalan Kot, a fortified town built for such occasions, and ordered Thatta to be razed.
Mirza Jani Beg negotiated with Mughals, and was taken to Emperor Akbar court where he was confirmed as the governor of Thatta, and in 1591, Sindh was annexed by the Mughal Empire. Mughal rule lasted till 1736 when Thatta passed into the hands of the Kalhoras. Thatta's importance began to gradually decline as the Indus River began to shift away and in 1768, Hyderabad was made the capital of Sindh by the Kalhora Nawabs.
The British annexed Sindh in 1843 and their immediate concern was to establish a communication network throughout Sindh. The municipality of Thatta was established by the British in 1854 and several vernacular and private schools, as well as a post office, a dispensary and a subordinate jail were built. The British established their residential areas away from the main city, on higher grounds, west of Makli necropolis. Thatta regained prosperity because of an improved communication infrastructure, though the city was never completely revived its prior importance as capital. The late nineteenth century saw a new class of merchants who took full advantage of the British need for services and goods. These merchants became rich and commissioned many buildings inspired by the elegant mansions constructed by the British throughout the British Empire.
Post-independence Thatta is rapidly growing and suffers from a severe lack of basic services. Heavy demands on the resources of the city, coupled with the general apathy on the part of the local administration, has resulted in the neglect of the city's historic center. The Makli monuments and other historic mosques, although of touristic value, are disregarded with nothing being done to preserve them.
In 1948, Thatta bifurcated from Karachi district and upgrade a separate district level.
In 2013, Thatta district bifurcated into two separate districts Thatta and Sujawal district.
Local government
The district is now administratively subdivided into 4 Tehsils
Thatta
Mirpur Sakro
Keti Bander
Ghorabari
The 2015/ 2016 local bodies election was decisively won by the liberal Pakistan People's Party (PPP) and Ghulam Qadir Palijo was elected as the Chairman of the district. Palijo was earlier an elected Member of the Sindh Assembly (MPA) from Mirpur Sakro, Thatta.
Education
University of Sindh Thatta Campus
Shaheed Zulfikar Ali Bhutto Institute of Science and Technology Gharo Campus
Liaquat University of Medical Health Science International Campus
Allama Iqbal Open University Makli Campus
Government Technical College Thatta
Government Institute Of Business & Commercial Education, Gharo
Government (Boys) Degree College Thatta
Government (Girls) Degree College Thatta
Government Degree College Gharo
Government Degree College Ghorabari
Government Elementary College Thatta
Government Intermediate College Dhabeji
Government Intermediate College Keti Bandar (Purposed)
Demography
At the time of the 2017 census, Thatta district had a population of 982,138, of which 510,143 were males and 471,958 females. The rural population was 805,662 (82.03%) and urban 176,476 (17.97%). The literacy rate is 27.88%: 35.46% for males and 19.63% for females.
Religion
The majority religion is Islam, with 96.75% of the population. Hinduism (including those from Scheduled Castes) is practiced by 3.04% of the population.
Language
At the time of the 2017 census, 92.92% of the population spoke Sindhi, 1.40% Urdu, 1.33% Pashto, 1.10% Punjabi and 1.05% Balochi as their first language.
List of Dehs (towns, villages)
The following is a list of Thatta District's dehs:
Jungshahi
Makli
Sheikhani
Thatta
Miyani
Gharo
Gono
Karampur
Mirpur Sakro
Kohistan 7/1,7/2,7/3,7/4 Half
Notable people
Lakhumal Hiranand Hiranandani, an otorhinolaryngologist and pioneer of many surgical techniques in his field
See also
Marho Kotri Wildlife Sanctuary
Haleji Lake
References
Bibliography
Districts of Sindh | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thatta%20District |
Rock 'n' Roll Animal is a live album by American musician Lou Reed, released in February 1974 by RCA Records. In its original form, it features five songs, four of which were initially recorded by The Velvet Underground. Reed's band included Pentti Glan (drums), Prakash John (bass), Ray Colcord (keyboards), and Dick Wagner and Steve Hunter (guitars). (The two guitarists would later form the basis of the first Alice Cooper solo band, beginning on Welcome to My Nightmare, which also features Glan and John.)
The album was recorded live on December 21, 1973, at Howard Stein's Academy of Music in New York City. A sleeper hit, it peaked at No. 26 in the UK and No. 45 on the Billboard 200 album chart during a 28-week stay before earning Reed's first RIAA gold certification in 1978.
Background
Paul Nelson of Rolling Stone magazine was in attendance that night. Writing about Rock 'n' Roll Animal and its sequel, Lou Reed Live, which were both recorded at the same show, he recalled: "As it happens, I had seen Reed and a mediocre pickup band at Lincoln Center some months earlier in his first New York non-Velvets appearance and he was tragic in every sense of the word. So, at the Academy, I didn't expect much and when his new band came out and began to play spectacular, even majestic, rock & roll, management's strategy for the evening became clear: Elevate the erratic and unstable punkiness of the centerpiece into punchy, swaggering grandeur by using the best arrangements, sound and musicians that money could buy; the trimmings, particularly guitarists Dick Wagner and Steve Hunter, were awesome enough so that if Reed were merely competent, the concert would be a success. And it was, as one can judge from the resultant albums. The band does not emulate the violent, hypnotic, dope-trance staccato power and subway lyricism of the Velvet Underground, but rather opts for a hard, clean, clear, near-royal Mott the Hoople/Eric Clapton (Layla) opulence and Reed sings out most of the songs in his effective street-talk style. Animal, coming first, naturally contains the best performances ("Intro/Sweet Jane," "White Light/White Heat," the first half of "Rock 'n' Roll")."
Critical reception
Rolling Stone editor Timothy Ferris described Rock 'n' Roll Animal as "a record to be played loud", continuing: "As background music it isn't much, but powered up on a strong system loud enough to make enemies a quarter-mile away, Rock 'n' Roll Animal... is, well, very fine."
Paul Morley, writing in NME in 1979, said, "Rock 'n' Roll Animal and Lou Reed Live were the ultimate insults, Reed wrecking the rare beauty and affirmation of his greatest songs by turning them into cliché ridden hack heavy metal mutations."
Reviewing in Christgau's Record Guide: Rock Albums of the Seventies (1981), Robert Christgau said, "At its best, Reed's live music brings the Velvets into the arena in a clean redefinition of heavy, thrilling without threatening to stupefy. 'Lady Day,' the slow one here, would pass for uptempo at many concerts, the made-in-Detroit guitars of Steve Hunter and Dick Wagner mesh naturally with the unnatural rhythms, and Reed shouts with no sacrifice of wit. I could do without Hunter's showboating 'Introduction,' and I've always had my reservations about 'Heroin,' but this is a live album with a reason for living."
Re-releases
A remastered version was released on CD in 2000. It featured two tracks not included on the original LP or 1990 CD release.
Further excerpts from the same concert were released in 1975 as Lou Reed Live (between the remastered Rock 'n' Roll Animal and Lou Reed Live the entire show has been released, albeit in a different order than the original concert). "Rock 'n' Roll Animal"'s stereo mix isolates guitarist Steve Hunter on the right channel, and Dick Wagner on the left; this arrangement is reversed on Lou Reed Live.
Track listing
Personnel
Adapted from the Rock 'n' Roll Animal liner notes.
Lou Reed – vocals
Steve Hunter – guitar
Dick Wagner – guitar
Prakash John – bass
Pentti "Whitey" Glan – drums
Ray Colcord – keyboards
Production
Steve Katz – producer
Lou Reed – producer
Gus Mossler – engineer
Bruce Somerfeld – production assistance
Ralph Moss – production assistance
Acy Lehman – art direction
DeWayne Dalrymple – photography
Charts
Certifications
References
External links
Albums produced by Lou Reed
Lou Reed live albums
1974 live albums
RCA Records live albums
Albums recorded at the Palladium (New York City)
Protopunk albums
Live protopunk albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rock%20%27n%27%20Roll%20Animal |
Gensis may refer to:
Gensis, the possible name of an ancient Roman town at Koviljkin grad, Serbia
Gensis (vicus), an ancient Roman vicus in Moesia Superior
See also
Gensi (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gensis |
North Skelton is a village in Redcar and Cleveland, North Yorkshire, England.
The village is south
of Skelton-in-Cleveland, and just south of the A174 road between Thornaby and Whitby. North Skelton experienced a boom in the 1870s when North Skelton Mine opened. The mine was the deepest of all of the Cleveland Ironstone workings and its shaft extended to over in depth. The mine produced over of iron ore between its opening in 1872 and its closure in 1964.
North Skelton railway station was on the line between Teesside and Whitby West Cliff. It opened in 1902 and closed in 1951. The line is still open to carry freight from Skinningrove Steelworks and Boulby Mine.
North Skelton lends its name to an English Long Sword Dance performed in the area.
References
External links
Villages in North Yorkshire
Places in the Tees Valley
Redcar and Cleveland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North%20Skelton |
Peter Drew Hutton (born 1947) is an Australian activist, academic, campaigner and past political candidate. Hutton co-founded the Queensland Greens (in 1990) and Australian Greens (in 1991) and ran in elections in Queensland and Australia at all three levels of government.
Social activist
Hutton has been a social activist all his adult life. "Since 1984 I have been part of the process that has moved green politics from the margins to the mainstream of Australian political life. Along the way I have been privileged to represent the Party as a spokesperson and as a candidate. The Greens are now poised to enter that mainstream as a powerful force, representing the hopes and aspirations of many, many Australians."
Educator
He worked as a high school teacher and then a college lecturer from the 1960s to the 1980s. In the 1970s he joined the anti-Vietnam War campaign and civil liberties campaigns and in the 1980s he was active in the peace movement. Hutton became involved in campaigns on uranium mining, Indigenous land rights and nuclear disarmament. He also used his position as a teacher educator to champion peace and environmental education in schools and more democratic school environments and teaching practices.
For many years, Hutton was a lecturer at tertiary institutions in South East Queensland including Queensland University of Technology (QUT) and University of Southern Queensland. Hutton has published books and numerous articles, especially on green philosophy, history and ethics. He brought together the first book on green politics in Australia in 1987 and with his partner Libby Connors wrote A History of the Australian Environment Movement published by Cambridge University Press in 1999. Hutton and Dr Conners were married in 1986, and have two adult sons.
Organiser
Over the last 29 years Hutton has been a key organiser or spokesperson for campaigns against freeways, the storage and transport of hazardous waste, against evictions of poorer residents in inner-city Brisbane suburbs, nuclear disarmament, public transport and marijuana legalisation. He fought against the Bjelke-Petersen government and ended up in court on many occasions as a result.
Hutton's work against pollution resulted in a 1994 Criminal Justice Commission inquiry into toxic waste dumping in Queensland, an inquiry which highlighted massive problems and led to pressure on the Wayne Goss Government to introduce the Environmental Protection Act. He has been active on many environmental campaigns such as land clearing and was involved in the campaign against the war in Iraq. Hutton's highest vote as a candidate was 25.64% in the ward of The Gabba in the 2008 Brisbane City Council elections.
Lock the Gate Alliance
In June 2011, Hutton was elected president of the Lock the Gate Alliance, an organisation he helped establish the previous year. On 9 December 2011 Hutton was found guilty in the Dalby Magistrates Court of 'obstructing a coal seam gas company without reasonable excuse' under s804 of the Petroleum and Gas Act.
He was protesting against the Queensland Gas Company entering a property in Queensland's Darling Downs when he was arrested in March of that year. Hutton has seen the Lock the Gate Alliance member base grow to represent over 30,000 individuals and 280 communities nationwide, and has become a regular spokesperson on the impacts of invasive mining activities on agricultural land, water resources, regional communities and ecologically sensitive areas.
See also
Australian Greens
2004 Australian Greens candidates
References
Further reading
Hutton, Drew. Mining: the Queensland Way / Drew Hutton. At a Glance Pty Ltd, 2013.
Hutton, Drew. “Lessons from the Lock the Gate Movement.” Social Alternatives, vol. 31, no. 1, 2012, pp. 15–19.
External links
Drew Hutton for The Gabba
History of the Australian Environment Movement - by Drew Hutton, Libby Connors (Cambridge University Press)
Queensland Greens - About Us
Drew Hutton for the Senate (Qld) 14 August 2004
Drew Hutton's Facebook profile
Drew Hutton's Myspace profile
Drew Hutton on Australian Story
Drew Hutton, how he galvanised the Greens and his unlikely alliance with Alan Jones
Drew Hutton and Adrian Skerritt: Our radical past: protest in 60s and 70s Brisbane oral history, State Library of Queensland
Living people
1947 births
Australian Greens candidates
Academic staff of Queensland University of Technology
Academic staff of the University of Southern Queensland
Date of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drew%20Hutton |
Skelton-in-Cleveland or Skelton is a market town in the civil parish of Skelton and Brotton at the foot of the Cleveland Hills and about east of Middlesbrough centre. It is in the borough of Redcar and Cleveland, North Yorkshire, England.
The first real mention of Skelton is in the Domesday Book of 1086, which details taxes collected. Skelton Castle was built in the 12th century by the
de Brus (Bruce) family. It is a town by market charter.
Skelton is made up of villages; including North Skelton, Skelton Green, and New Skelton. Population of the Skelton Built-up area was 6,535, at the 2011 census.
All Saints' Churches
Old All Saints' Church is a redundant Church of England church, built in Georgian times; it is set in parkland with views to the 18th-century Gothic-style country house called Skelton Castle. Graves can be seen in the churchyard with skull-and-crossbones motifs. The church was mostly rebuilt in 1785, on a site where two previous churches had been built.
The pulpit, the box pews and other furnishings, date from the rebuilding, with slightly earlier text boards and some older monuments on a remaining medieval wall. The outside stonework shows a herringbone tooling in keeping with local styles, in contrast to the 'Venetian' east window and the dark pink colouring of the interior.
A new All Saints' church was built on the other side of the high street, in 1884, by R.J. Johnston of Newcastle. It is in the decorated style and of dressed sandstone with ashlar, with plain clay tiled roofs.
After the new church was built, the Georgian church fell into disrepair, declared redundant and is now maintained by the Churches Conservation Trust. Both churches are Grade II listed buildings.
Education
The only school in the town is Skelton Primary School which takes on students age 3–11.
Sport
The town has a cricket club, Skelton Castle Cricket Club, who play in the Langbaurgh cricket league. Their grounds, Old Dog Kennels; is accessible via the A174. Skelton United is the town's football club, with junior teams from U7s to U16s.
Local amenities
Skelton's high street hosts various small independent/chain shops and cafes, including Co-operative Food store. There are several public houses throughout Skelton and on the edge of town there is a retail estate with a large Asda, Aldi, B&M, Home Bargains, Screwfix, as well as a Harvester Pub, a Greggs bakery, Dominos and a McDonalds drive through.
Famous son
Skelton-in-Cleveland was the birthplace, in 1873, of Frank Wild, polar explorer and Ernest Shackleton's right-hand man. In 2016 a statue of Wild was erected in Skelton-in-Cleveland.
Gallery
References
Towns in North Yorkshire
Places in the Tees Valley
Redcar and Cleveland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skelton-in-Cleveland |
Martin Francis Jeremy Gritton (born 1 June 1978) is a Scottish former professional footballer and sports co-commentator primarily for BBC Radio Devon.
As a player he was a striker from 1998 to 2012. He was a journeyman player and has previously played for Plymouth Argyle, Shelbourne, Torquay United, Grimsby Town, Lincoln City, Mansfield Town, Macclesfield Town, Chesterfield, Chester, Yeovil Town, Stockport County and Truro City
Career
Although born in Glasgow, Gritton moved to South-West England at an early age and played for Cornish non-league sides Perranwell, Truro City, and Porthleven while studying at the University of Portsmouth helping the latter reach the quarter-finals of the FA Vase in 1998. He impressed Plymouth Argyle manager Kevin Hodges in a trial in the summer of 1998 and joined the Pilgrims initially on a non-contract deal to allow him to complete his degree. His league debut came as a substitute on 8 August 1998 in Plymouth's 2–1 home win against Rochdale. Although doing enough to earn himself a full-time deal at Home Park, he never fully established himself in the starting line-up and was allowed out on loan, to Yeovil Town in February 2001 and to Irish side Shelbourne in November 2001.
In August 2002, after playing only twice in Plymouth's 2001–02 promotion side, he joined Torquay United on loan, signing permanently on a free transfer the following month. He settled in well at Plainmoor scoring 16 times in his first season and helping the Gulls to automatic promotion the following season. With Torquay struggling in the higher division and looking to cut costs he was allowed to move to Grimsby Town in December 2004 for a nominal fee .
Although linked with a welcome return to Torquay United, he joined Lincoln City on 30 January 2006. The timing of this move meant that he played against Torquay United in two consecutive games. He was mostly used as a substitute in the 2006–07 season due to the form of Jamie Forrester.
In January 2007 he joined Mansfield Town on loan for the remainder of the 2006–07 season. On 30 January 2007, he scored a hat-trick against his former club Torquay. He was released on a free transfer the following May, joining Macclesfield a few weeks later.
On 8 January 2009, Chesterfield purchased Gritton from Macclesfield Town for a fee of £40,000 on a 2 and a half-year deal. He re-joined former club Torquay on loan for the start of the 2010–11 season. He returned to Chesterfield in January 2011 and had his contract cancelled by mutual consent.
He then joined Chester F.C., and on 22 March 2011 signed on a short-term contract with Yeovil Town until the end of the 2010–11 season. He was informed by the club at the end of the season that he would not be awarded a new deal.
In June 2011 he signed a one-year contract with Stockport County. He played eleven games for the club before being released in March 2012. He subsequently joined Truro City on a non-contract basis, scoring his first goal in a 3–0 win against Thurrock.
Personal life
After leaving Truro, Gritton retired from football and moved to London.
Gritton has worked as a co-commentator for BBC Radio Devon's coverage of Plymouth Argyle and Torquay United games. He has also occasionally appeared for BBC Radio Humberside covering Grimsby Town matches.
His brother, Kevin, was the drummer in the 1990s indie band Adorable who were signed to Creation Records and released two albums. Martin was the band's roadie on their 2019 reunion tour.
References
External links
1978 births
Living people
Footballers from Glasgow
Scottish men's footballers
Men's association football forwards
Plymouth Argyle F.C. players
Yeovil Town F.C. players
Shelbourne F.C. players
Grimsby Town F.C. players
Torquay United F.C. players
Lincoln City F.C. players
Mansfield Town F.C. players
Macclesfield Town F.C. players
Chesterfield F.C. players
Chester F.C. players
Stockport County F.C. players
Truro City F.C. players
English Football League players
League of Ireland players
National League (English football) players
Alumni of the University of Portsmouth
Anglo-Scots
Expatriate men's association footballers in the Republic of Ireland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Martin%20Gritton |
Margrove Park is a village in the borough of Redcar and Cleveland and the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England.
References
External links
Villages in North Yorkshire
Places in the Tees Valley
Redcar and Cleveland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Margrove%20Park |
Ebenezer Le Page is the lead character in the novel The Book of Ebenezer Le Page by G. B. Edwards. The book takes the form of an autobiography of an archetypal Guernseyman who lives through the dramatic changes in the island of Guernsey, Channel Islands from the late 19th century, through to the 1960s. The book is written in Guernsey English (with an occasional smattering of the Guernsey language)
Fictional biography
Ebenezer was born in the late 19th century, and dies in the early 1960s. He lived his whole life in Vale. He never married, despite a few flings with local girls, and a tempestuous relationship with Liza Queripel of Pleinmont. He left the island only once, to travel to Jersey to watch the Muratti Vase, a football match. For most of his life he was a grower and fisherman, although he also served in the North regiment of the Royal Guernsey Militia (though not outside the island) and did some jobbing work for the States of Guernsey in the latter part of his life.
Guernsey is a microcosm of the world as Dublin is to James Joyce and Dorset is to Thomas Hardy. After a life fraught with difficulties and full of moving episodes, Ebenezer dies happy, bequeathing his pot of gold and autobiography (The Book of Ebenezer Le Page) to the young artist he befriends, after an incident in which the latter smashed his greenhouse.
References
John Fowles, Wormholes (London, 1998), pp. 166–74
Edward Chaney, Genius Friend: G. B. Edwards and The Book of Ebenezer Le Page (Blue Ormer Publishing, 2015).
G. B. Edwards: The Author of the Book of Ebenezer le Page, Edward Chaney, Review of the Guernsey Society, Parts 1–3, 1994–5.
Extraordinary Ebenezer follow-up, Edward Chaney, The Arran Voice, 30 October 2008.
Fictional Guernsey people
Guernsey culture
Characters in British novels | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ebenezer%20Le%20Page |
The Cyrus McCormick Farm and Workshop is on the family farm of inventor Cyrus Hall McCormick known as Walnut Grove. Cyrus Hall McCormick improved and patented the mechanical reaper, which eventually led to the creation of the combine harvester. The farm is near Steele's Tavern and Raphine, close to the northern border of Rockbridge and Augusta counties in the U.S. state of Virginia, and is currently a museum run by the Virginia Agricultural Experimental Station of Virginia Tech. The museum has free admission and covers of the initial farm.
History
The farm originally covered 532 acres with buildings centered on a scant 5 acres. On the farm eight out of the nine original buildings are still standing, many of which have been renovated since the farm was created in 1822 by Robert McCormick (1780–1846). The eight existing buildings include a grist mill, blacksmith shop, slave quarters, carriage house, manor house, smoke house, schoolroom, and housekeeper's quarters. In the original construction of the farm there was also an ice house which was demolished in the 1960s. Each of these different buildings played a specific role in the daily routine of the Cyrus McCormick farm. The grist mill, built prior to 1800, was used to grind wheat for flour. The blacksmith shop was used to build and repair all the farm implements needed by the McCormick family and was where Cyrus McCormick engineered his reaper. Slave quarters served as the home for the forty one slaves that the McCormick family owned. Furthermore, the carriage house was used as a garage for the carriages and other wheeled vehicles. The manor house is centrally located on the farm and was constructed of brick in 1822, making it the first building on the McCormick farm. Behind the brick manor house was the smoke house where meat was dried and smoked to preserve it through the winter. Refrigeration was not introduced until the late 19th century. The McCormick family also maintained a school on their property for neighboring children.
The McCormick Farm at Walnut Grove is known as the birthplace of the mechanical reaper, the predecessor to the combine harvester. Cyrus McCormick reportedly designed, built, and tested his reaper all within six weeks at Walnut Grove, although the design may have been merely an improvement upon the similar device developed by his father and his brother Leander over 20 years. Shortly after constructing his first reaper he went on to harvest his first crop with it later that year. After building his first reaper, Cyrus constantly went back to the drawing board to revise and improve his basic design, coming out with new models almost every decade.
After his father's death, Cyrus McCormick moved his base of operations from Rockbridge County, Virginia to Chicago, Illinois in 1847 because of the fertile prairie soil in the midwestern United States. In 1859, Cyrus was joined by his brothers Leander James McCormick and William Sanderson McCormick to form the company Cyrus H. McCormick and Brothers. By the end of the 19th century, McCormick's company had built a primitive combine, which could harvest grain even faster and cheaper than older reapers. Prior to inventing the reaper, farmers could only harvest a day; after the reaper was invented, farmers could harvest a day using less manual labor. The mechanical reaper did not require a family to toil all day to harvest crops. Instead, a single farmer merely operated the machine and the reaper would do the rest of the work. His work in mechanical reapers and harvesting techniques allowed farmers to cultivate plots of land bigger than ever thought possible.
In 1902, the company was merged with competitor Deering Harvester Company and (smaller ones) to form International Harvester.
Preservation
The farm remained in the McCormick family up to 1954, before being donated to Virginia Polytechnic Institute as an agricultural center and Farm Memorial. Currently, the schoolroom has vintage textbooks, toys, and other school supplies dating from the 1830s.
It was declared a National Historic Landmark in 1964.
The farm is less than from the interchange of Raphine Road and Interstate 81, halfway between Lexington, Virginia and Staunton, Virginia.
See also
List of National Historic Landmarks in Virginia
National Register of Historic Places listings in Rockbridge County, Virginia
References
External links
Shenandoah Valley Agricultural Research & Extension Center: McCormick Farm official site
McCormick Farm and Workship, one photo, at Virginia DHR
Shenandoah Valley Agricultural Research & Extension Center: McCormick Farm
Garden of Praise: CYRUS McCORMICK
Farms on the National Register of Historic Places in Virginia
National Historic Landmarks in Virginia
Museums in Rockbridge County, Virginia
Houses completed in 1822
Industrial buildings completed in 1809
Open-air museums in Virginia
Farm museums in Virginia
Mill museums in Virginia
McCormick
National Register of Historic Places in Rockbridge County, Virginia
Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Virginia
Grinding mills on the National Register of Historic Places in Virginia
1822 establishments in Virginia
Slave cabins and quarters in the United States
Blacksmith shops | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cyrus%20McCormick%20Farm |
Boosbeck is a village in the borough of Redcar and Cleveland and the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England.
The name is Viking in origin and means "the stream near a cow shed".
Between 1878 and 1960, the village had a station on the North Eastern Railway line between and .
References
External links
Villages in North Yorkshire
Places in the Tees Valley
Redcar and Cleveland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boosbeck |
Windsor House (officially known as 9-15 Bedford Street) was a 23-story, 80 m high-rise building on Bedford Street in Belfast, Northern Ireland. The building was the tallest storeyed building in Northern Ireland before being surpassed by Obel Tower (also in Belfast) and stands at 85 metres (279 feet) tall, with 28 floors. The total structural height is actually taller than the Obel, if you include the two plant floors and radio mast it stands at 93m(305ft) tall.
Constructed in 1974 as an office building, Windsor House has a tall green elevator shaft and green side wall facade, as well as satellite and aerial masts, which stand a further seven metres in the air.
The building was badly damaged in an IRA bombing in 1992. It was sold for £30m in 2006 to County Cavan building firm P Elliot. In March 2007 plans were made to convert the building into a block of flats. However, the conversion plans fell through.
In May 2015, Hastings Hotel Group, an NI-based hospitality company, purchased the building for £6.5m. A planning application was submitted on 23 June 2015, proposing refurbishment, partial demolition and rebuilding, extension and change of use of Windsor House for a hotel (304 bedrooms) with associated restaurant and bar facilities (on ground to 15th floor) and 18 serviced hotel apartments on the 16 and the 17th floors; creation of new retail unit on ground floor overlooking Franklin Street; retention and refurbishment and extension of office use (25,000 ft2) on upper floors (18th to 22nd floor). The planning application was approved 20 October 2015 and redevelopment work commenced in July 2016. Following a £30m refurbishment, the new hotel opened in 2018 as the Grand Central Hotel.
See also
List of tallest buildings and structures in Belfast
Architecture of Belfast
References
External links
Grand Central Hotel official website
Buildings and structures in Belfast
Skyscrapers in Northern Ireland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windsor%20House%20%28Belfast%29 |
Henry Lewis Solter (November 19, 1873 – March 2, 1920) was an American silent film actor, screenwriter and director.
Career
Solter began his career as an actor in 1908 with Biograph Studios. That same year he met actress Florence Lawrence while making the film Romeo and Juliet for Vitagraph Studios and married on August 30 of that year. In 1909, Solter began working for Carl Laemmle's Independent Moving Pictures Co. of America (IMP) as an actor but also as a director. Over the next nine years, he directed 148 silent films.
In 1912, Harry Solter and his wife established the Victor Studios in Fort Lee, New Jersey. In 1913, they sold out to Carl Laemmle whose amalgamation of several studios created the colossal Universal Film Manufacturing Co. Solter continued to direct for the new company until 1918 when health problems emerged. With this new prosperity, Florence was able to realize a 'lifelong dream,' buying a estate in River Vale, New Jersey.
Death
Solter died of a stroke on March 2, 1920, at the age of 46. He is interred in the Baltimore Cemetery in Baltimore, Maryland.
Selected filmography
References
External links
1873 births
1920 deaths
20th-century American male actors
American male film actors
American male screenwriters
American male silent film actors
Film directors from Maryland
Male actors from Baltimore
People from River Vale, New Jersey
Film directors from New Jersey
Screenwriters from New Jersey
Screenwriters from Maryland
Silent film screenwriters
20th-century American male writers
20th-century American screenwriters | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry%20Solter |
Charltons is a village in the borough of Redcar and Cleveland and the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England.
It is located south of Saltburn-by-the-Sea on the A171.
The village was named after Thomas Charlton who built the cottages for the miners at his Slapewath ironstone mine around 1870.
References
External links
Villages in North Yorkshire
Places in the Tees Valley
Redcar and Cleveland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charltons |
Dunsdale is a village in the borough of Redcar and Cleveland within the civil parish of Guisborough.
History
The Newcomen family, from nearby Kirkleatham, opened an ironstone mine in Dunsdale, in 1872. It exploited two pockets of ironstone left by glaciation. The two rows of cottages forming the village of Dunsdale were part of the mine property and form the major part of the village as it is today. Traces of the drift and buildings remain with parts of the railbed in the Dunsdale area leading to the top of the incline. Unfortunately, the mine was not a particular success and was abandoned on 31 December 1886, but the village still remains.
References
External links
Villages in North Yorkshire
Places in the Tees Valley
Guisborough | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunsdale |
Skag is an American drama series that aired on NBC and starred Karl Malden. Skag originated as a three-hour television movie that aired on January 6, 1980 (as an installment of The Big Event). Over a week later, it then premiered as a weekly series, Thursdays at 10/9c, which ran from January 17, 1980, until its cancellation on February 21, 1980.
Skag focused on the life of a foreman at a Pittsburgh steel mill. Malden described his character, Pete Skagska, as a simple man trying to keep his family together. The series was created by Abby Mann, and executive produced by Mann and Lee Rich.
Synopsis
The opening three-hour movie pilot introduces viewers to 56-year-old Pete "Skag" Skagska (Malden), a hard-working steel mill foreman of Serbian-Orthodox ancestry, who dealt with a lot of fire in both his professional and personal lives. The dark lairs of welding, colossal machinery, and working-class ideals from the people he supervised was the only life Skag knew, until a series of events turned his world upside down. On the homefront, his devoted second wife Jo (Piper Laurie), 12 years his junior and the only Jewish member of the Skagska family, was at times growing distant from Pete; his two eldest sons, David (Craig Wasson) and John (Peter Gallagher) were also growing apart from him, but were feuding with him over their radically different ideals and their respective decisions in life; and most profoundly, his elderly father, Petar Sr. (George Voskovec), who also lived in the household, was suffering from the aftermath of a debilitating stroke. Skag's concern and mental anguish over these issues was about to reach its boiling point just as Skag suddenly suffered a stroke, as well, finding himself incapacitated, emotionally scarred, and unemployed for an untold period of time.
Throughout the rest of the movie and the brief five-episode run of the series, Skag is forced to make some monumental decisions in his life, as he slowly regains his physical abilities and comes to terms with the fact that retirement may come early, due to possible less competence in his line of work. The larger obstacle in Skag's life was perhaps not so much his health or job, but of his disapproval and difficulty understanding the values of a changing world. All his life, Skag was a staunch traditionalist, and viewed modern society with scorn and derision. This ultimately caused the rift between his sons and him; Skag hoped the oldest, David, who worked at the steel mill with him, would carry on the Skagska name and take over the local industry someday. David, unfortunately, felt uncomfortable about his job, due to its high safety risk and his concern about being labeled in the meantime as just a blue-collar on the bottom rung of society. Second-oldest John was in medical school, and was more concerned about making money as a successful doctor than in his family, which also caused many showdowns with Skag. More issues arose from Skag's two teenaged daughters, 18-year-old Barbara (Leslie Ackerman), who was painfully shy and insecure, and 15-year-old Patricia (Kathryn Holcomb), whose struggles with weight clashed with her growing pains and teenaged hormones to the point that she became sexually promiscuous with boys, in a desperate attempt to be popular.
During his rehabilitation period, Skag decided to promote another younger "star worker" at the steel mill, Whalen (Powers Boothe), to take over as foreman; it was evident from the start that Whalen coveted the job on a full-time basis, which both relieved and upset Skag. Since Whalen was hired only as a second choice after son David, Skag, in his old-fashioned ways, believed that a younger person outside the family who ran the operation would deplete the work ethic that Skag and many others had worked hard to maintain for many generations. Skag was able to vent his frustrations to Jo, who at this time, found herself mending bridges with her husband, even if not all was perfect; and with father Petar, who would sit with his equally debilitated son and relate to his sentiments on the changing world and how it made them break down inside.
Paczka (Frank Campanella) was a tenured worker at the steel mill, and Dottie Jessup (Shirley Stoler) a neighbor and friend of the Skagska family.
Cast
Karl Malden as Pete "Skag" Skagska
Piper Laurie as Jo Skagska
Craig Wasson as David Skagska
Peter Gallagher as John Skagska
Leslie Ackerman as Barbara Skagska
Kathryn Holcomb as Patricia Skagska
George Voskovec as Petar Skagska, Sr.
Richard Bright as Madman Messisik
Powers Boothe as Whalen
Frank Campanella as Paczka
Shirley Stoler as Dottie Jessup
Eoin Kerr Pint Man
Reception and ratings
The series pilot episode earned critical praise and high ratings, but ratings quickly dropped off and NBC canceled the series after five episodes. Skag creator Abby Mann, who worked on the series' first two episodes, blamed uneven directing and artistic interference and unreasonable salary demands from series star Karl Malden for the series' failure.
One leftover episode of Skag remained after the cancellation, and did not air on NBC.
Episodes
Award nominations
Footnotes
Sources
Alex McNeil, Total Television. New York City: Penguin Books, 1984 ed.
Brooks, Tim and Marsh, Earle, The Complete Directory to Prime Time Network and Cable TV Shows
External links
1980s American drama television series
1980 American television series debuts
1980 American television series endings
NBC original programming
Television series by Lorimar Television
Television shows set in Pittsburgh | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skag |
Ileana Salvador (born 16 January 1962) is a former Italian race walker who won eight medals at the World Championships and European Championships
In 2005 she acquired Swedish citizenship.
Biography
She won ten medals, to senior level, at the International athletics competitions. Specializing in indoor competitions running, boasts six medals (three European silver and three World bronze), just earned indoor. She participated at one edition of the Summer Olympics (1992), she has 29 caps in national team from 1987 to 1996. She was twice World Best Year Performance in Women's Race Walking: 1992 in the 10 km walk and 1993 in the 20 km walk.
Her career and her life, has inspired a book La marcia infinita di Ileana (The neverending racewalking of Ileana), from Valter Esposito (2006, Il Prato publisher).
Personal life
Ileana Salvador is the companion of the Swedish racewalker, Olympic silver medalist and European Championships bronze medalist, Bo Gustafsson, lives in Sweden from 1996. The couple has two daughters, Nicole (born 1995) and Noelle (born 1998) who is a model and in 2019 she participated in the selections for the Miss Italia contest. She is a teacher of italian language and Consular Officer at Embassy of Italy in Sweden.
The bronze medal in Barcelona 1992
At the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona, Ileana Salvador won the bronze medal in the 10 km race walk. Or at least she finished third and for 20 minutes rightly celebrated her triumph, only to discover that she was disqualified for having taken the third red card for irregular racewalking, which entails the disqualification, just when she had entered the Stadium sure of her third position.
Records
She is holder of two world records in not Olympic distance, but recognized by IAAF and former holder of two more records.
World records
25 km walk: 2:08:46 ( Växjö, 28 September 1996) - current holder
3000 m walk (track): 11:48:24 ( Padua, 29 August 1993) - current holder
2 miles walk indoor: 13:11.88 ( Genoa, 14 February 1990) - until 14 September 1996
10,000 m walk (track): 42:39.2 ( Genoa, 17 June 1989) - until 26 May 1990
European records
5000 m walk (track): 20:25.2 ( Barcelona, 5 April 1992) - until 11 July 1995
National records
10,000 m walk (track): 42:23.7 ( Bergen, 8 May 1993) - until 23 April 2017
Achievements
National titles
Salvador won 19 national championships at individual senior level, 15 Italian and 4 Swedish.
Italian Athletics Championships
5000 metres walk: 1989, 1990, 1991, 1992, 1993 (5)
10 km walk: 1987, 1989, 1990, 1992, 1993 (5)
20 km walk: 1993 (1)
Italian Athletics Indoor Championships
3000 metres walk: 1988, 1990, 1992, 1993 (4)
Swedish Athletics Championships
5000 metres walk: 1997 (1)
10 km walk: 1997 (1)
Swedish Athletics Indoor Championships
3000 metres walk: 1997, 2001 (2)
See also
Italian all-time lists - 20 km walk
List of world records in athletics
List of European records in athletics
Italian records in athletics
Italy at the IAAF World Race Walking Cup
Italian team at the running events
References
External links
Ileana Salvador at La marcia nel mondo
1962 births
Living people
Italian female racewalkers
Swedish female racewalkers
Athletes (track and field) at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes for Italy
World Athletics Championships medalists
World record setters in athletics (track and field)
World record holders in athletics (track and field)
European Athletics Championships medalists
Universiade medalists in athletics (track and field)
World Athletics Championships athletes for Italy
FISU World University Games gold medalists for Italy
World Athletics Indoor Championships medalists
Medalists at the 1989 Summer Universiade
Teachers of Italian
Sportspeople from the Metropolitan City of Venice | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ileana%20Salvador |
Lou Reed Live is a live album by Lou Reed, released in 1975. It was recorded at the same concert as Rock 'n' Roll Animal ; on December 21, 1973, at Howard Stein's Academy of Music in New York.
It features three songs from Transformer, one song from The Velvet Underground & Nico (Reed's former band's debut album) and two songs from Berlin. Between this album and the remastered Rock 'n' Roll Animal, the entire show has been released, albeit in a different order than the original concert setlist.
In 2003, RCA/BMG re-issued this album under their "Extended Versions" series. The title was changed to reflect this, but the contents remained unchanged.
This live album's stereo mix differs from its counterpart "Rock 'n' Roll Animal" in that guitarist Steve Hunter is heard on the left channel, and Dick Wagner is on the right; this arrangement is reversed on Rock 'n' Roll Animal.
After the last song ("Sad Song") fades to crowd noise, someone can be heard shouting "Lou Reed sucks!".
Track listing
All tracks composed by Lou Reed
Side one
"Vicious" – 5:55
"Satellite of Love" – 6:03
"Walk on the Wild Side" – 4:51
Side two
"I'm Waiting for the Man" – 3:38
"Oh, Jim" – 10:40
"Sad Song" – 7:32
Personnel
Musicians
Lou Reed – vocals
Steve Hunter – guitars
Dick Wagner – guitar, vocal
Prakash John – bass, vocals
Pentti "Whitey" Glan – drums, percussion
Ray Colcord - keyboards
Rob Hegel — background vocals ("Sad Song" only)
Production and artwork
Gus Mossler - engineer
Bruce Somerfeld, George Semkiw - production assistance
Oliviero Toscani - cover photography
Charts
References
Albums produced by Lou Reed
Lou Reed live albums
1975 live albums
RCA Records live albums
Albums recorded at the Palladium (New York City) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lou%20Reed%20Live |
Newton under Roseberry is a village in the borough of Redcar and Cleveland and the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England. It is on the A173, between Great Ayton and Guisborough and is close to the base of Roseberry Topping.
The village is situated near the edge of the North York Moors National Park, and also close to the border of Redcar and Cleveland with Middlesbrough and the Hambleton district of North Yorkshire.
In popular culture
A reference to Newton under Roseberry was featured in the folk-rock group America's "Hat Trick" from the Hat Trick album. The exact lyric stanza is:
Newton-Under-Roseberry-Topping
And it's cold and it's wet
And you feel like you're part of all time
Religion
The Anglican church of St Oswald's is a Grade II* listed building, with an Anglo-Saxon carving.
References
External links
Villages in North Yorkshire
Places in the Tees Valley
Redcar and Cleveland
Guisborough | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Newton%20under%20Roseberry |
Keenjhar Lake () commonly called Malik Lake (,) is located in Thatta District of Sindh the province of Pakistan. It is situated about from the city of Thatta. It is the largest fresh water lake in Pakistan and an important source of drinking water for Thatta District and Karachi city. Through the construction of a bund on the eastern side, it is said that the lake was formed by the union of two lakes: Sonehri and Keenjhar.
Keenjhar Lake has been declared a ramsar site and a wildlife sanctuary. It provides a favorable habitat of winter migratory birds like ducks, geese, flamingos, cormorants, waders, herons, egrets, ibises, terns, coots and gulls. It has been observed as a breeding area of the black-crowned night heron, the cotton pygmy goose, purple swamphen, and pheasant-tailed jacana.
Keenjhar Lake is a popular tourist resort. Many people from Karachi, Hyderabad and Thatta visit to enjoy picnics, swimming, fishing, and boating.
The famous folklore of Noori Jam Tamachi who was a fisherwoman, is connected to the lake. There is a shrine in the middle of the lake marking Noori's grave, which is visited devotees.
See also
List of dams and reservoirs in Pakistan
Karachi Bulk Water Supply Project
Indus Basin Project
List of lakes in Pakistan
References
External links
Kalri Lake Water Sports Project, official site
Ramsar sites in Pakistan
Lakes of Sindh
Marine parks of Pakistan
Thatta District
Protected areas of Sindh
Tourist attractions in Thatta | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keenjhar%20Lake |
The Book of Ebenezer Le Page is a novel by English writer Gerald Basil Edwards first published in the United Kingdom by Hamish Hamilton in 1981, and in the United States by Alfred A. Knopf in the same year. It has since been published by Penguin books and New York Review Books in their classics series, as well as in French and Italian.
It is the fictionalised autobiography of an archetypal Guernseyman, Ebenezer Le Page, who lives through the dramatic changes in the island of the Guernsey, Channel Islands from the late nineteenth century, through to the 1960s.
Plot summary
Ebenezer was born in the late nineteenth century and dies some time after the mid 1960s. He lived his whole life in the Vale. He is never married, despite a few flings with local girls, and a tempestuous relationship with Liza Queripel of Pleinmont. He only left the island once, to travel to Jersey to watch the Muratti. For most of his life he was a grower and fisherman, although he also served in the North regiment of the Royal Guernsey Militia (though not outside the island) and did some jobbing work for the States of Guernsey in the latter part of his life. Guernsey is a microcosm of the world as Dublin is to James Joyce and Wessex is to Hardy. After a life fraught with difficulties and full of moving episodes, Ebenezer is ready to die happy, bequeathing his pot of gold and autobiography ("The Book of Ebenezer Le Page") to the young artist he befriends, after an incident in which the latter smashed his greenhouse.
Characters
Ebenezer Le Page, tomato grower and fisherman
Alfred Le Page, quarryman, Ebenezer's father, killed in the Boer War
Charlotte Le Page, Ebenezer's mother, referred to throughout as "my mother"
Tabitha Le Page ('La Tabby'), Ebenezer's sister
Jean Batiste, Tabitha's husband, was killed in World War I
Jim Mahy, Ebenezer's childhood friend, killed in World War I
Liza Queripel, the love of Ebenezer's life
William Le Page ('Uncle Willie'), Alfred's brother
Nathaniel Le Page ('Uncle Nat'), Ebenezer's mother's brother
Charlotte Le Page, Ebenezer's maternal grandmother
Henriette Le Page ('La Hetty'), Ebenezer's mother's sister
Priscille Le Page ('La Prissy'), Ebenezer's mother's sister
Harold Martel, builder, married Hetty
Percy Martel, Harold's brother and monumental builder married Prissy
Raymond Martel, son of Hetty and Harold
Horace Martel, eldest son of Percy and Prissy
Cyril Martel, youngest son of Percy and Prissy, died at age 5
Christine Mahy, wife of Raymond (also the cousin of Jim)
Abel Martel, son of Raymond and Christine
Gideon Martel, son of Christine, as a result of an affair with Horace
Neville Falla, young biker and artist who befriends Ebenezer in his old age
Cousin Mary Ann, Ebenezer's third cousin (on both sides)
Real people mentioned in the book
Adolphus Edward Alfred Carrington (1876~1961), 'manager for John Leale (Leale Ltd.) on the Bridge'.
Ambrose Sherwill (1890~1968), President of the Controlling Committee during Occupation of the Channel Islands and later Bailiff of Guernsey
Rev. John ('Jack') Leale (1892~1969), Jurat, President of the Controlling Committee (Oct 1940~Aug 1945) during Occupation of the Channel Islands, knighted 1945
Arthur Dorey (1867~1953), fruit grower, of Rockmount (Delancey); Ebenezer's boss who makes him a foreman at his vineries off the 'Halfway' (Belgrave, Marais, Springfield, Primrose). Arthur also owns Oatlands Farm with its own large vinery. Arthur was a Jurat and president of the Board of Administration.
Edward Arthur Dorey (1896~1982), mentioned as the son of the above, going to war in 1914, but unnamed in the book. Fruit grower; later owner of Arthur Dorey & Son, and Douzenier of St. Sampson.
Philemon Fleure Dorey (1859~1941), 'Mr. Dorey of Oatlands'; fruit grower; brother of Arthur Dorey (above), from whom he was renting Oatlands Farm during Ebenezer's childhood.
Clarrie Bellot, cobbler
Steve Picquet, a hermit who lived in a German bunker at Pleinmont
Frederick William Johns (1871~1957), 'Fred Johns from the Vale Avenue', trustee of St. Sampson's Chapel.
Douglas Blackburn, 'from the top of Sinclair', of 'Malvern', St Clair Hill, St. Sampson, son of fruit grower Henry J. Blackburn.
Dr. Josiah Leale (1842~c.1921), L.R.C.P. Edinburgh, M.R.C.S. London, St. Sampson's Parochial Medical Officer, of Vale House, Vale. Surgeon-Lieutenant-Colonel, 2nd Regt R.G.L.I.; resigned his medical rank on appointment as Lieutenant-Colonel Commanding in 1896. In the novel, Dr. Leale diagnoses Jim with appendicitis.
Major themes
Life in a close and, in many respects, closed community.
Family relationships: falling in and out with one another.
Non-sexual but close male friendship.
The lifelong, tempestuous love affair, which includes prolonged periods of non-communication, with Liza Queripel. They have much sexual tension between them yet, somehow, seem to agree that sleeping together would make things ordinary. This plays out the truth that many of the most enduring love relationships are those that are never consummated.
Life
Art student Edward Chaney met Edwards in his old age, when he was living a reclusive life near Weymouth in Dorset. Edwards had had a fraught and difficult life. He left Guernsey to study at Bristol University. He then moved to London where he encountered a group of writers, which included his friends John Middleton Murry, J. S. Collis and Stephen Potter. There was an anticipation that he would become the next D. H. Lawrence, and he was in fact commissioned by Jonathan Cape to write Lawrence's biography, before his death.
Instead, he published nothing more than a handful of articles for Murry's Adelphi magazine. He married, had children, divorced (leaving his children to be educated with the Elmhirsts at Dartington Hall) and went through a series of jobs, teaching at Toynbee Hall., as an itinerant drama teacher, a minor civil servant in London, eventually retiring to the West Country. His quarry-owning father had effectively disinherited him where the family home in Guernsey was concerned, by remarrying.
When he met Chaney, he was pouring experience and literary know-how into one last attempt at a major novel. Chaney encouraged Edwards to complete his book, which Edwards then dedicated to him and his wife, giving him the copyright. The immaculate typescript was rejected by many publishers but, eventually, at Hamish Hamilton, Christopher Sinclair-Stevenson accepted it with enthusiasm.
There is a parallel between this real-life story and the story in the novel, in which Ebenezer bequeaths his autobiography (The Book of Ebenezer Le Page) to his young artist friend Neville Falla, the motorcycling rebel with a heart of gold.
Literary significance and criticism
Since its publication in 1981, it has been critically acclaimed, as well as winning the admiration of the people of Guernsey for so accurately capturing the island and its character.
John Fowles wrote an enthusiastic introduction to the Book, it was very favorably reviewed by William Golding, among several others, and Harold Bloom included it in The Western Canon. Stephen Orgel wrote that it was 'one of the greatest novels of the 20th century'.
Although Penguin let it go out of print, it was reprinted by New York Review Books Classics in 2007. It has meanwhile been published in French and Italian.
Film, TV or theatrical adaptations
It has been adapted for a BBC Radio 4 series, as well as a stage play by Anthony Wilkinson The Islander which premiered at the Theatre Royal, Lincoln in 2002. In both of these adaptations, the role of Ebenezer was played by Guernsey-born actor Roy Dotrice, who also reads the unabridged audiobook of the novel, in an old man's voice and Guernsey accent.
There have been unsuccessful attempts to turn the novel into a feature film.
Release details
The book was published by Hamish Hamilton in 1981, followed by Penguin and Knopf in America the following year. It had been the subject of numerous rejections during his lifetime, but attempts to get it published were continued after his death in 1976 by Edward Chaney, who had befriended the author in his old age.
Christopher Sinclair Stevenson asked John Fowles to write an introduction which no doubt helped to draw attention to the publication. The novel was originally intended to form the first part of a trilogy, entitled Sarnia Cherie: The Book of Ebenezer Le Page. Sarnia Cherie refers to the Guernsey anthem, and was retained in the title of the French translation. The other two books were to be called Le Boud'lo: the Book of Philip Le Moigne and La Gran'-mère du Chimquière: the Book of Jean le Féniant. A draft of the second part was destroyed by the author before his death.
For more details of the author, Gerald B Edwards, and how Edward Chaney eventually managed to get his Book published, see Chaney's biography Genius Friend: G.B. Edwards and The Book of Ebenezer Le Page.
The work has been translated into French and Italian. The French version, under the title Sarnia, translated by Jeanine Hérisson, was published in 1982 by Editions du Seuil. The Italian version translation, Il Libro di Ebenezer Le Page was published by Elliot Edizioni, Rome in 2007.
Critical reception
"This extraordinary book" full of "wonderful writing": "To read it is not like reading but living", William Golding. Re Ebenezer himself, Golding wrote: "Nor are simple adjectives adequate... there is epic stature in his individualism". The following December (1981) Golding chose it as his "Book of the Year" in The Sunday Times.
"The achievement is so intense and universal that the reader is rendered speechless... G.B. Edwards has succeeded in writing a great novel"; Isobel Murray in The Financial Times.
"A startingly original book", The Times.
"strong compelling voice, both wily and innocent... it holds the reader in an Ancient Mariner grip throughout this brilliant, unusual, and, a very sadly posthumous novel"; Nina Bawden in The Daily Telegraph.
"G. B. Edwards, The Book of Ebenezer Le Page. I'd never heard of it. A friend gave it to me. It was written by an 80-year-old recluse on the island of Guernsey, which is where it's set, and it seems to be one of the greatest novels of the 20th century. Really." – Professor Stephen Orgel, Stanford University Department of English: Summer Reading: Top Picks 2004
"There may have been stranger recent literary events than the book you are about to read, but I rather doubt it", John Fowles in his 1981 Introduction; reprinted in Wormholes (1998).
"a breathtaking novel": Newsweek.
A masterpiece....One of the best novels of our time....I know of no description of happiness in modern literature equal to the one that ends this novel. Guy Davenport, The New York Times Book Review.
Hubert Juin in Le Monde praised the freshness of the style and the literary ambitions of the author, whose aim was to speak rather than to write (Une sorte de miracle tient à l'étrange fraîcheur de l'écriture, sinon à la merveilleuse naïveté de l'écrivain. G.B. Edwards ne songe pas à écrire, il a pour seul impératif de parler).
In the preface he wrote for his 1982 French edition, Maurice Nadeau (who died in 2013 aged 102), greeted the book as an exceptional achievement (réussite exceptionnelle), a subtle, complex and magical blend of space, time and humane sufferings and joys (un subtil, complexe et magique composé d'espace, de temps, de souffrances et de joies humaines).
"Recently reprinted by New York Review Books, G.B. Edwards' novel tells the story of a Guernsey man who lived through the Nazi occupation of Britain's Channel Islands into garrulous old age. His reminiscence is couched in a musical Guernsey English that follows circular paths through past and present to delve into island secrets and sagas. Great stuff." Seattle Times
"G.B. Edwards's miraculous novel...There is a rare wholeness about The Book of Ebenezer Le Page. You get the entire man, in a way that isn't usually within the gift of literature to procure... I have read few books of such wide and delightful appeal.... [it] is vast fun and vast life, a Kulturgeschichte... It is ‘the book of’ in the prosaic sense that Edwards's character speaks it (or writes it in his three big notebooks bought for 18/6 at ‘the Press Office in Smith Street’ in St Peter Port); but also ‘of’ in the sense of ‘made into’. It is Ebenezer made into a book. (Bohumil Hrabal's Too Loud a Solitude comes to mind, with its paper-baler who is finally baled up himself.) William Golding put it admirably when he said: ‘To read it is not like reading but living.’ It is like reading with no clothes on." (Michael Hofmann, London Review of Books, 24 January 2008, p. 23).
"Quaint. Fascinating. Unique. Queer…The Book of Ebenezer Le Page is a eulogy for a way of life." The Los Angeles Times (Valerie Miner)
"It reads like Beethoven’s Ninth. It charts island life from 1890 to 1970, including the German wartime occupation. In it, weather, darkness, hunger, blood-connectedness, shelter, and an almost painfully keyed-up sexual desire appear in odd, magical proportions never found in any novel conceived off-island. Coated with sea salt, its crannies spilling wildflowers, Edwards’s book still roars like some huge shell held, cutting, against your ear." Allan Gurganus, 'One Great Book Per Life', The Atlantic (March 2005).
"Imagine a weekend spent in deep conversation with a superb old man, a crusty, intelligent, passionate and individualistic character at the peak of his powers as a raconteur, and you will have a very good idea of the impact of The Book of Ebenezer Le Page…It amuses, it entertains, it moves us… Ebenezer’s voice presides over all and its creation is a tremendous achievement." The Washington Post (Doug Lang)
"[A] rare find…it is unique–a first novel that resists all categories–and it overflows with the sense of life… Its chief virtues are a story rich in human connection and a marvelously seductive language…For those who cherish style, it is also good to hear a fresh novelist’s voice telling the old story of the passions, generosities, and greeds that battle in us all." —Chicago Tribune (Lynne Sharon Schwartz)
"G.B. Edwards, who died an unknown in 1976, constructed his novel out of the patterns of daily life–countless teas, lovers’ quarrels, accounts of friendships and the signs of change as Guernsey reluctantly assumes the characteristics of progress. The results are enchanting."The Washington Post (New In Paperback)
"A remarkable achievement… The book’s voice and its methods are so unusual that it belongs nowhere on our conventional literary maps." —John Fowles
"[A] knowing and beguiling chronicle of life on the English Channel isle of Guernsey…This deceptively plain-spoken story of a man’s years passing in review before him struck me, when I first read it in 1981, as a beautifully crafted job of writing. Upon rereading it recently, I redoubled my liking and admiration for both Ebenezer and Edwards."Ivan Doig, Christian Science Monitor.
"The Book of Ebenezer Le Page, by G. B. Edwards, is an inexhaustible book I never tire of giving. It is literally one of a kind, a work with no precedent, sponsorship, or pedigree. A true epic, as sexy as it is hilarious, it seems drenched with the harsh tidal beauties of its setting, the isle of Guernsey…For every person nearing retirement, every latent writer who hopes to leave his island and find the literary mainland, its author–quiet, self-sufficient, tidy Homeric–remains a patron saint." —Allan Gurganus, O Magazine
"The Book of Ebenezer Le Page, by G. B. Edwards, is an oddity and a great literary wonder, written in the beautiful French patios of Guernsey, one of the Channel Islands…[Edwards] feels intensely about everything and everyone in this deliciously rich novel of longing and love."—Archipelago
"Here is an islander; an island man, solitary, unmarried, alienated, who describes the modern denaturing of our world. Granite quarries and tomatoes and early potatoes; but then come tourists, international companies, tax evaders, occupation by Germans, etcetera.” The New York Review of Books.
"Books: Forced to choose, we'd pick The Book of Ebenezer Le Page by G. B. Edwards as our favorite novel of all time. The recollections of a cranky old man on the island of Guernsey, Guy Davenport of the Times wrote, when the book was first published here in 1981: ‘A masterpiece...One of the best novels of our time...I know of no description of happiness in modern literature equal to the one that ends this novel.’ Hard for us to imagine a more pleasurable weekend than one spent with Ebenezer Le Page." Manhattan User’s Guide
"I actually went on holiday to Jersey twenty years ago and the cottage I was staying in had a copy of Ebenezer Le Page that I read while I was there. And it was absorbing, and one of my most emotional reading experiences. So when I was imagining Guernsey – the family, the way they lived and their relationships with the people around them I was sort of inspired by the way he talks about the island." Lisa Jewell (http://www.visitguernsey.com/article/102070/Author-Lisa-Jewell-writing-Before-I-Met-You-and-Guernsey)What books do you find yourself returning to again and again?
"Iris Murdoch’s “A Word Child”; Vladimir Nabokov's “Pnin”; Evan Connell's “Mrs. Bridge” and “Mr. Bridge”; G. B. Edwards's “The Book of Ebenezer Le Page.” . . . Well, I could go on and on." Anne Tyler, on books she returns to again and again; New York Times, 5 February 2015.
See also
Ebenezer Le Page
Gerald Basil Edwards
Notes
References
Edward Chaney, Genius Friend: G.B. Edwards and The Book of Ebenezer Le Page (Blue Ormer Publishing, 2015).
Edward Chaney, GB Edwards and Ebenezer Le Page, Review of the Guernsey Society, Parts 1–3, 1994–5.
John Fowles, Foreword to The Book of Ebenezer Le Page, Hamish Hamilton, 1981
External links
The Book of Ebenezer Le Page Reading Group Guide, New York Review of Books.
Extraordinary Ebenezer follow-up by Edward Chaney, in The Arran voice, 30 October 2008.
'Blue Plaque could first of many to celebrate local heroes' – the unveiling of Guernsey's first Blue Plaque in honour of G.B.Edwards in 2008
G B Edwards and The Book of Ebenezer le Page, Edward Chaney, Arts and Humanities Research Council. Retrieved 1 September 2011.
Complete unabridged recording of The Book of Ebenezer le Page by Roy Dotrice (21 hours plus), now available with Audible.
ebook now available from New York Review Books
NYRB Paperback edition
Genius Friend has arrived – Announcement of Edward Chaney's biography of G.B.Edwards.
Interview with Edward Chaney – Guille-Alles Library podcast.
Novels set in Guernsey
1981 British novels
British autobiographical novels
Hamish Hamilton books
Metafictional novels
NYRB Classics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Book%20of%20Ebenezer%20Le%20Page |
Eimac is a trade mark of Eimac Products, part of the Microwave Power Products Division of Communications & Power Industries. It produces power vacuum tubes for radio frequency applications such as broadcast and radar transmitters. The company name is an initialism from the names of the founders, William Eitel and Jack McCullough.
History
The San Francisco Bay area was one of the early centers of amateur radio activity and experimentation, containing about 10% of the total operators in the US. Amateur radio enthusiasts sought vacuum tubes that would perform at higher power and on higher frequencies than those then available from RCA, Western Electric, General Electric, and Westinghouse. Additionally, they required tubes that would operate with the limited voltages available from typical amateur power supplies.
While employed by the small San Francisco, California manufacturing firm of Heintz & Kaufman which manufactured custom radio equipment, Bill Eitel (amateur radio call sign W6UF) and Jack McCullough (W6CHE) convinced company president Ralph Heintz (W6XBB) to allow them to develop a transmitting tube that could operate at lower voltages than those then available to the amateur radio market, such as the RCA UV-204A or the 852. Their effort was a success and resulted in production of the HK-354. Shortly after in 1934, Eitel and McCullough left H&K to form Eitel McCullough Corp. in San Bruno California.
The first product produced under the trade mark "Eimac" was the 150T power triode. Later tubes include the 3CX5000A7 power triode and the 4X150D tetrode. The new company thrived during World War II by selling tubes to the U.S. military for use in radar equipment. Charles Litton Sr. originated glass lathe techniques which made mass production of reliable high quality power tubes possible, and resulted in the award of wartime contracts to the company.
Mass production
Contracts to provide transmission tubes for radar and other radio equipment during World War II required adaption of mass production, research to improve the reliability of tubes, and development of standardized manufacturing techniques which could be performed by unskilled workers. The workforce expanded from a few hundred to several thousand. During the war Eimac produced hundreds of thousands of radar tubes.
Welfare capitalism
A union organizing drive in 1939-40 by the strong Bay area labor movement was fought off by adoption of a strategy of welfare capitalism which included pensions and other generous benefits, profit sharing, and such extras as a medical clinic and a cafeteria. An atmosphere of cooperation and collaboration was established,
Postwar
As wartime orders ceased and a large supply of military surplus transmission tubes flooded the market the firm laid off 90% of its workers and closed its plant in Salt Lake City. Reallocation of the FM band by the FCC in 1945, however, provided an opportunity for the firm to market a superior power tetrode tube which it had developed.
Beginning in 1947, Eimac operated FM radio station KSBR from their plant in San Bruno, California, one of only two FM stations in the United States to test the new Rangertone tape recorders (adapted from the German Magnetophon recorders). In need of more space, the company moved to San Carlos in 1959. Eimac's San Carlos plant was dedicated on April 16, 1959. By that time, the company had the following subsidiaries: National Electronics, Inc., Geneva, Illinois, and Eitel-McCullough, S.A., Geneva, Switzerland. During the Cold war era, Eimac supplied U.S. military with klystron power tubes and electron power tubes used in the defense communications network, navigation, detection, ranging and fire-control radars.
In the beginning of May 1959, the company announced its newly-produced giant klystron tube powered the Massachusetts Institute of Technology’s radar which recently established contact with planet Venus. The super-power klystron was developed under Rome Air Development Center sponsorship. Eimac klystrons also were chosen for NATO's tropospheric scatter communications network.
In 1965, Eimac merged with Varian Associates and became known as the Eimac Division. In August 1995, Varian Associates sold the Electron Device Business to Leonard Green & Partners, a private equity fund, and members of management. Together, they formed Communications & Power Industries.
In January 2004, affiliates of The Cypress Group, a private equity fund, acquired CPI.
In February 2011, an affiliate of Veritas Capital, a private equity investment firm acquired CPI.
In 2006 CPI relocated the Eimac facility from 301 Industrial Road, San Carlos to their operation in Palo Alto.
References
10. Eimac building in San Carlos https://ethw.org/File:Eitel_Mccullough.jpg
External links
Corporate Web site
Electronics companies established in 1934
Vacuum tubes
San Bruno, California
1934 establishments in California | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eimac |
Grant Wallace (1868–1954) was an American journalist, artist, screenwriter, Esperantist and occultist. He wrote short stories and screen plays, including two black and white silent movies.
Early life
Grant Wallace was born on February 10, 1867, in Hopkins, Missouri, the son of a judge. His education included a B.S. from Western Normal College in Shenandoah, Iowa, in 1889, and art classes from the Art Students League of New York.
Career
In the 1890s, Wallace worked as a newspaper artist and reporter in Saint Paul, Minnesota at the St. Paul Pioneer Press before he moved to San Francisco. In San Francisco, he worked for the San Francisco Chronicle, and San Francisco Examiner, as an editorial and feature writer, and a war correspondent for the Evening Bulletin in Japan and China. He wrote short stories and screen plays, including for two black and white silent movies: the story for A Blowout at Santa Banana (1914), and the scenario for the movie The Fuel of Life (1917). He also lectured on the occult.
In this period he was also a promoter of the international language esperanto and he was the editor of the San Francisco Esperantist.
Occultism
After World War I, Wallace built a small cabin in the forest near Carmel-by-the-Sea, California, which he used as a laboratory for experimenting with telepathy, which he sometimes referred to as "mental radio." He made hundreds of drawings, charts, diagrams, and writings, attempting to reveal the patterns of life, including reincarnation, communication with intelligent life on other planets, and with dead spirits. He wrote about messages from the dead, from ancient Greeks, ancient Egyptians, Vikings, and Atlanteans, to more recent dead, such as Thomas Jefferson and Charles Darwin, and transcribed messages from and drew pictures of extraterrestrial life, especially from the Pleiades star cluster.
Death
He died August 12, 1954, in Berkeley, California.
His works were recovered from his Carmel cabin after his death, and some of his art and diagrams were included in The End is Near!, Visions of Apocalypse, Millennium and Utopia, , published by Dilettante Press.
References
External links
Dilettante Press Page with bio and photos, by the publishers of "The End is Near", featuring many of his drawings and diagrams of the supernatural.
The Fuel of Life Page on the movie by the AFI silent film catalog
1867 births
1954 deaths
American artists
American male journalists
American occultists
American male screenwriters
Order of the Precious Crown members
War correspondents of the Russo-Japanese War
People from Hopkins, Missouri
People from Shenandoah, Iowa
People from Carmel-by-the-Sea, California
Journalists from California
Screenwriters from California
Screenwriters from Iowa
Screenwriters from Missouri
20th-century American male writers
20th-century American screenwriters | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grant%20Wallace |
Brandon Michael Vera (born October 10, 1977), or also known by his ring name as The Truth, is a Filipino-American (of Italian heritage) retired mixed martial artist where he was the inaugural ONE Heavyweight Champion and the 2005 WEC Heavyweight Grand Prix Champion. A professional competitor from 2002 until 2022, he competed in the Light Heavyweight and Heavyweight divisions of ONE Championship, World Extreme Cagefighting (WEC) and Ultimate Fighting Championship (UFC).
Background
Brandon Vera grew up in a house of seven boys and three girls. He was born to a Filipino father, Ernesto, and an Italian mother, but raised by his Filipino stepmother, Amelia. He also has two other brothers and another sister outside of the family in which he was raised and they were occasionally involved in his life. Vera was born and raised in Norfolk, Virginia, and attended Lake Taylor High School where he excelled in wrestling and earned a four-year athletic scholarship to Old Dominion University. However, he dropped out of Old Dominion after a year and a half when he felt college was not for him, and enlisted himself in the United States Air Force. In the Air Force, Vera joined the wrestling team and trained at the United States Olympic Training Center in Colorado Springs, Colorado. His military wrestling career was cut short in 1999 when he tore ligaments in his right elbow. Arthroscopic surgery repaired the ligaments, but he had nerve damage from the experience, causing him to be unable to use his right arm. He was released from the Air Force on a medical discharge.
Vera returned to Virginia, where he steadily rehabilitated his arm, and eventually was fit enough to enter the Grapplers Quest submission wrestling competitions on the East Coast. There, his solitary training methods (he did not belong to a camp and trained and cut weight on his own) caught the attention of Lloyd Irvin, a Brazilian jiu-jitsu Black Belt and coach, who invited him to train with his school. At Irvin's school, he was introduced to mixed martial arts.
Mixed martial arts career
Early career
Vera's first professional mixed martial arts bout was on July 6, 2002, while training under Lloyd Irvin. He won the fight against Adam Rivera via TKO in the first round. He fought and won another bout in 2004 before entering the WEC 13 Heavyweight Tournament in 2005, where he won two bouts in one night, including a bout against The Ultimate Fighter 2's Mike Whitehead in the final.
Vera then moved to San Diego, California, on December 31, 2003, to accept a training position with City Boxing. At City Boxing, Vera excelled as a trainer and was taken under the wing of owner Mark Dion, who became his manager and introduced him to kickboxing great Rob Kaman. With Vera's success as a trainer and a mixed martial arts fighter, Dion gave Vera partial ownership of City Boxing.
Ultimate Fighting Championship
Vera made his UFC debut at Ultimate Fight Night 2 on October 3, 2005, against BJJ black belt Fabiano Scherner. Vera won the fight via KO due to knees from the clinch midway through the second round. Following the Scherner bout, he faced Justin Eilers at UFC 57, winning early in the first round by KO. At UFC 60, Vera defeated Assuerio Silva with a guillotine choke in the first round. On November 18, he stopped former heavyweight champion Frank Mir by TKO due to strikes in just 69 seconds at UFC 65 in Sacramento, California.
White had been telling the media prior to UFC 65 that the winner of the Vera-Mir fight would face the winner of the Tim Sylvia-Jeff Monson bout, which was also being held that same night, for the championship. Vera's victory secured him a championship bout against then title-holder Tim Sylvia, but a contract dispute with the UFC forced him to be replaced by Randy Couture.
In August, the UFC announced the "return" of Vera. His first fight was at UFC 77 against Sylvia, who had recently lost the UFC Heavyweight Championship to Couture. Vera lost for the first time via unanimous decision. He also broke his left hand at 4:40 of the first round.
Vera had his second loss at UFC 85 against Brazilian jiu-jitsu specialist Fabrício Werdum via TKO. The fight was controversially stopped by referee Dan Miragliotta as Werdum mounted him and landed some ground and pound. After the stoppage, Vera was upset as he felt he was defending himself effectively.
After his two recent losses, Vera dropped down to the Light Heavyweight division, facing IFL alum Reese Andy at UFC Fight Night 14 on July 19, 2008, on Spike TV. Vera defeated Andy via unanimous decision.
At UFC 89, Vera lost to Keith Jardine via a narrow split decision. Following the fight, Vera incurred criticism for his performance since his return to the UFC having been victorious in only one of his last four fights.
A more focused Vera appeared on the preliminary card of UFC 96. It was the first time Vera was not on the main card since he made his debut in the UFC. He had an impressive performance against Mike Patt, showing a more aggressive and intense striking approach and stopping him via TKO (leg kicks) in the second round.
Vera fought Polish fighter Krzysztof Soszynski at UFC 102 after his original opponent, Matt Hamill, was forced to drop out due after suffering a meniscus tear while training. Vera won via unanimous decision (30–27, 30–27, and 30–27).
Vera lost a close fight to Randy Couture via unanimous decision on November 14, 2009, at UFC 105, with the media comparing the decision to a previous UFC event (UFC 104 Machida-Rua) which prompted that MMA judging should be changed. Despite Vera significantly outstriking Couture and successfully defending numerous takedown attempts, judges awarded the victory to Couture. The verdict surprised many people; UFC commentator Joe Rogan was highly critical of the decision during the live event broadcast and in a post-fight interview, Randy Couture admitted that he didn't expect the decision to be made in his favor.
Vera faced Jon Jones on March 21, 2010, at UFC Live: Vera vs. Jones and lost via TKO in the first round after an elbow from Jones broke Vera's face in three places.
Vera was defeated by Brazilian Thiago Silva via unanimous decision (30–26, 30–27, and 30–27) on January 1, 2011, at UFC 125. At the end of the third round, Vera stood up to reveal a badly broken nose. Vera was released by the UFC with a 7–6 record in the organization. However following the fight it was revealed that his opponent Thiago Silva had failed the post-fight drug test. As a result of this, Vera was re-hired by the UFC and the result of the Silva fight was changed to a no contest, resulting in Vera's UFC record changing to 7–5–0–1.
Vera defeated Eliot Marshall on October 29, 2011, at UFC 137 via unanimous decision (29–28, 29–28, and 29–28).
Vera was briefly linked to a rematch Thiago Silva on May 15, 2012, at UFC on Fuel TV: Korean Zombie vs. Poirier. However, Vera was forced out the bout with an injury.
Vera was expected to face Australian James Te-Huna on July 11, 2012, at UFC on Fuel TV: Munoz vs. Weidman. However, Vera was pulled from the bout with Te-Huna to face Maurício Rua on August 4, 2012, at UFC on Fox: Shogun vs. Vera. Vera was defeated via TKO late in the fourth round. Vera showed great heart after being rocked early in the second round, but as both fighters showed early signs of fatigue in the late stages of the second round, Vera ultimately succumbed to Rua's power. This fight is widely considered the best performance of Vera's career, despite the loss.
Vera returned to the Heavyweight division after an absence of 5 years and faced Ben Rothwell at UFC 164 on August 31, 2013. After a competitive first and second round, Rothwell defeated Vera by TKO in the third round. Subsequent to the bout, Rothwell tested positive for elevated testosterone levels. The UFC suspended Rothwell for nine months, despite the Wisconsin commission only issuing him with an administrative warning.
Vera was released from the UFC on June 17, 2014, ending his eight-year run with the promotion.
ONE Championship
On July 13, 2014, it was confirmed that Vera had signed with Singapore-based promotion ONE FC. His debut was on December 5, 2014, against Igor Subora at ONE Fighting Championship: Warrior's Way. Vera won the fight via knockout after landing a counter straight left at 3:54 minutes in the first round.
On December 11, 2015, Vera faced Paul Cheng in the main event at ONE Championship: Spirit of Champions. He won the fight via knockout just 26 second into the first round to win the ONE Heavyweight Championship.
After nearly a year away from the cage, Vera returned to face Hideki Sekine at ONE Championship: Age of Domination on December 2, 2016. He successfully defended his heavyweight title, winning by TKO in the first round.
Vera successfully defended his title via knockout in the first round against Cage Warriors Heavyweight Champion, Mauro Cerilli who was on his promotional debut at ONE Championship: Conquest of Champions on November 23, 2018.
As the first fight of his new ten-bout contract with ONE, Vera challenged Aung La Nsang for the ONE Light Heavyweight Championship at ONE Championship: Century on October 13, 2019. Vera lost by TKO in the second round.
At ONE Championship: Fire & Fury on January 31, 2020, Vera announced that he would be defending his ONE Heavyweight Championship on May 29 in Manila, with an opponent yet to be announced. It was later announced that he would be defending his ONE Heavyweight title against Arjan Bhullar at ONE Infinity 2. Their fight was later postponed as a result of the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on sports.
Vera faced Bhullar at ONE Championship: Dangal on May 15, 2021. Vera lost to Bhullar by second-round technical knockout, ending his five-year reign as ONE Heavyweight World Champion.
Vera faced Amir Aliakbari on December 3, 2022, at ONE 164. He lost the fight via technical knockout in the first round and announced his retirement during the post-fight interview.
Post-MMA career
After announcing his retirement in December 2022, Vera revealed that he signed a 10-movie deal as an actor in the Philippines. Prior to this announcement, Vera already appeared in a couple of Filipino movies. In 2018, Vera co-starred with Anne Curtis in the Philippine action-thriller BuyBust and starred as the lead actor in a 2022 Filipino zombie movie called Day Zero.
Personal life
Vera's former wife, Kerry, is also a mixed martial artist who formerly fought for the now-defunct Strikeforce. She was featured on the second season of Oxygen's Fight Girls. In September 2014, Kerry filed for divorce.
Vera started dating Jessica Craven and announced their engagement in April 2017. They wed on April 20, 2018, in Guam.
Vera has a tattoo on his back, inked in the Filipino writing system called Baybayin. Clockwise, it reads mundo (earth), hangin (wind), apoy (fire) and tubig (water).
While staying in the Philippines, he trained Filipino actor Richard Gutierrez in martial arts and was given a role as an assassin for Philippine primetime television show, Kamandag on the GMA Network.
In the latter part of his training for UFC 89, Vera was reportedly held at gun point by two men attempting to rob the house in which he was staying. Vera stated that the incident did not affect his performance against Keith Jardine.
In 2016, Vera revealed that he was relocating to the Philippines full time, to help grow the sport of mixed martial arts in his ancestral homeland. He has been working on opening a branch of Alliance MMA. Vera holds dual citizenship: American (by jus solis) and Filipino (by jus sanguinis).
Championships and accomplishments
Kickboxing
World Kickboxing Association
WKA Super Heavyweight Champion
Grappling
Grappler's Quest
8 Time Grappler's Quest Champion
Mixed martial arts
World Extreme Cagefighting
2005 WEC Heavyweight Grand Prix Championship
ONE Championship
ONE Heavyweight Championship (One time, first)
2 title defenses
Mixed martial arts record
|-
|Loss
|align=center|16–10 (1)
|Amir Aliakbari
|TKO (elbows and punches)
|ONE 164: Pacio vs. Brooks
|
|align=center|1
|align=center|3:37
|Pasay, Philippines
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center|16–9 (1)
| Arjan Bhullar
| TKO (punches)
| ONE: Dangal
|
| align=center|2
| align=center|4:27
| Kallang, Singapore
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center|16–8 (1)
| Aung La Nsang
| TKO (punches)
| ONE: Century Part 2
|
| align=center|2
| align=center|3:23
| Tokyo, Japan
|
|-
| Win
| align=center|16–7 (1)
| Mauro Cerilli
| KO (punch)
| ONE: Conquest of Champions
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 1:04
| Pasay, Philippines
|
|-
| Win
| align=center|15–7 (1)
| Hideki Sekine
| TKO (body kick and punches)
| ONE: Age of Domination
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 3:11
| Pasay, Philippines
|
|-
| Win
| align=center|14–7 (1)
| Paul Cheng
| KO (punch and head kick)
| ONE: Spirit of Champions
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 0:26
| Pasay, Philippines
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 13–7 (1)
| Igor Subora
| TKO (punch and soccer kicks)
| ONE FC: Warrior's Way
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 3:54
| Pasay, Philippines
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 12–7 (1)
| Ben Rothwell
| TKO (punches and knees)
| UFC 164
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 1:54
| Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 12–6 (1)
| Maurício Rua
| TKO (punches)
| UFC on Fox: Shogun vs. Vera
|
| align=center| 4
| align=center| 4:03
| Los Angeles, California, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 12–5 (1)
| Eliot Marshall
| Decision (unanimous)
| UFC 137
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
|
|-
| NC
| align=center| 11–5 (1)
| Thiago Silva
| NC (overturned)
| UFC 125
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 11–5
| Jon Jones
| TKO (elbows and punches)
| UFC Live: Vera vs. Jones
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 3:19
| Broomfield, Colorado, United States
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 11–4
| Randy Couture
| Decision (unanimous)
| UFC 105
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Manchester, England, United Kingdom
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 11–3
| Krzysztof Soszynski
| Decision (unanimous)
| UFC 102
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Portland, Oregon, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 10–3
| Michael Patt
| TKO (leg kicks)
| UFC 96
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 1:27
| Columbus, Ohio, United States
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 9–3
| Keith Jardine
| Decision (split)
| UFC 89
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Birmingham, England, United Kingdom
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 9–2
| Reese Andy
| Decision (unanimous)
| UFC Fight Night: Silva vs. Irvin
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 8–2
| Fabrício Werdum
| TKO (punches)
| UFC 85
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 4:40
| London, England, United Kingdom
|
|-
| Loss
| align=center| 8–1
| Tim Sylvia
| Decision (unanimous)
| UFC 77
|
| align=center| 3
| align=center| 5:00
| Cincinnati, Ohio, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 8–0
| Frank Mir
| TKO (knees and punches)
| UFC 65
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 1:09
| Sacramento, California, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 7–0
| Assuerio Silva
| Submission (guillotine choke)
| UFC 60
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 2:39
| Los Angeles, California, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 6–0
| Justin Eilers
| KO (head kick and knee)
| UFC 57
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 1:25
| Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 5–0
| Fabiano Scherner
| TKO (knees and punches)
| UFC Fight Night 2
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 3:22
| Las Vegas, Nevada, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 4–0
| Mike Whitehead
| TKO (doctor stoppage)
| rowspan=2|WEC 13
| rowspan=2|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 1:12
| rowspan=2|Lemoore, California, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 3–0
| Andre Mussi
| KO (knees and punches)
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 0:51
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 2–0
| Don Richards
| Decision (unanimous)
| Next Level Fighting 1
|
| align=center| 2
| align=center| 5:00
| Steubenville, Ohio, United States
|
|-
| Win
| align=center| 1–0
| Adam Rivera
| TKO (punches)
| Excalibur Fighting 11
|
| align=center| 1
| align=center| 3:20
| Richmond, Virginia, United States
|
References
Notes
External links
Official Brandon Vera Website
Official UFC Profile
1977 births
Living people
Mixed martial artists from Virginia
Light heavyweight mixed martial artists
Mixed martial artists utilizing collegiate wrestling
Mixed martial artists utilizing Greco-Roman wrestling
Mixed martial artists utilizing Brazilian jiu-jitsu
American people of Italian descent
American male mixed martial artists
Mixed martial arts trainers
Heavyweight mixed martial artists
American expatriates in the Philippines
American male sport wrestlers
American practitioners of Brazilian jiu-jitsu
People awarded a black belt in Brazilian jiu-jitsu
American mixed martial artists of Filipino descent
Ultimate Fighting Championship male fighters
ONE Championship champions
ONE Championship mixed martial artists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brandon%20Vera |
Rio de Contas is a municipality in the Bahia state, in the eastern part of Brazil. Its estimated population was 12,932.
Rio de Contas has its origins in the 18th century. In 1718 the town of Santo Antônio de Mato Grosso was founded. It was later elevated to the status of municipality in 1773, with the designation of Vila Nova de Nossa Senhora do Livramento das Minas do Rio de Contas. Its named was shortened in 1840 to Minas do Rio de Contas, and in 1931 to Rio de Contas.
For many arriving from the south, it is the gateway to Chapada Diamantina. It stands at above sea level.
Historic structures
Rio de Contas is home to numerous colonial-period historic structures, many designated as Brazilian national monuments. The historic center of Rio de Contas (Conjunto Arquitetônico da Cidade de Rio de Contas) was designated a national monument by the National Institute of Historic and Artistic Heritage (IPHAN).
Town Hall and Prison of Rio de Contas (Antiga Casa de Câmara e Cadeia de Rio de Contas)
House at Rua Barão de Macaúbas, 11 (Casa à Rua Barão de Macaúbas, 11)
Birthplace of Abílio César Borges at Rua Barão de Macaúbas, 19 (Casa Natal de Abílio César Borges, à rua Barão de Macaúbas, 19)
Parish Church of the Blessed Sacrament (Igreja Matriz do Santíssimo Sacramento)
Church of Our Lady of Santana (Ruínas da Igreja de Santana)
References
Municipalities in Bahia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rio%20de%20Contas |
Annarita Sidoti (25 July 1969 – 21 May 2015) was an Italian race walker.
Biography
Annarita Sidoti was born in Gioiosa Marea. She won eleven medals at senior level in international competition. She participated at three editions of the Summer Olympics (1992, 1996, 2000), and earned 47 caps in fifteen years in the national team from 1987 to 2002.
She appeared in the film Le complici (1998) by director Emanuela Piovano, in which she played a prostitute.
Death
She died in May 2015 in Gioiosa Marea, Italy, of metastatic breast cancer, which had spread to her liver and brain. She was 45 years old.
International competitions
National titles
She won ten times at the Italian Athletics Championships.
1 win in the 5 km walk (1995)
1 win in the 10 km walk (1991)
4 wins in the 20 km walk (1992, 1995, 2000, 2002)
4 wins in the 3000 metres walk indoor (1991, 1994, 2001, 2002)
See also
Italy at the European Race Walking Cup - Multiple medalists
Italian all-time lists – 20 km walk
FIDAL Hall of Fame
Notes
Sources give her age at death as 44, but this is contradicted by widespread record of her year of birth as 1969 throughout the entirely of her career (by international and national athletics federations and Olympic scholars) and before publication of her death.
References
External links
Annarita Sidoti at RAI web site
Annarita Sidoti at La marcia nel mondo
1969 births
2015 deaths
Sportspeople from the Province of Messina
Italian female racewalkers
Olympic athletes for Italy
Athletes (track and field) at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2000 Summer Olympics
World Athletics Championships athletes for Italy
World Athletics Championships medalists
European Athletics Championships medalists
Universiade medalists in athletics (track and field)
Deaths from cancer in Sicily
Deaths from breast cancer
Mediterranean Games silver medalists for Italy
Mediterranean Games medalists in athletics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1997 Mediterranean Games
FISU World University Games gold medalists for Italy
Universiade bronze medalists for Italy
World Athletics Championships winners
Medalists at the 1991 Summer Universiade
Medalists at the 1995 Summer Universiade
Medalists at the 1997 Summer Universiade | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annarita%20Sidoti |
Elachistocleis is a genus of microhylid frogs found in southern America from Panama southwards. Their common name is oval frogs, although for historic reasons not all species are named so.
Taxonomy
A 2021 study found that the genus originated in the Andes during the Oligocene, and contains two distinct clades that diverged from one another during the Middle Miocene. They dispersed throughout South America following the drying-out of the Pebas mega-wetland system, aided by the Amazon basin and other hydrological systems.
Recent taxonomic evidence indicates that the type species, E. ovalis, is a nomen nudum, as it has no holotype, type locality, and its description lacks detail. The name has been applied to many Elachistocleis populations across South America, which are all now considered to represent undescribed species (with one of these from Trinidad and northern Venezuela being described as E. nigrogularis in 2021). In addition, another Elachistocleis identified from Trinidad in a 1980 study likely represents another undescribed species.
Species
The following species are recognised in the genus Elachistocleis:
References
Microhylidae
Amphibians of Central America
Amphibians of South America
Amphibian genera
Taxa named by Hampton Wildman Parker | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elachistocleis |
GridWay is an open-source meta-scheduling technology that enables large-scale, secure, reliable and efficient sharing of computing resources (clusters, computing farms, servers, supercomputers...), managed by different distributed resource management systems (DRMS), such as SGE, HTCondor, PBS or LSF, within a single organization (enterprise grid) or scattered across several administrative domains (partner or supply-chain grid). To this end, GridWay supports several Grid middlewares.
Functionality
GridWay provides end users and application developers with a scheduling framework similar to that found on local DRMS, allowing to submit, monitor, synchronize and control jobs by means of a DRMS-like command line interface (gwsubmit, gwwait, gwkill...) and DRMAA (an OGF standard).
GridWay performs job execution management and resource brokering, allowing unattended, reliable, and efficient execution of jobs, array jobs, or complex jobs on heterogeneous, dynamic and loosely coupled Grids. GridWay performs all the job scheduling and submission steps transparently to the end user and adapts job execution to changing Grid conditions by providing fault recovery mechanisms, dynamic scheduling, migration on-request and opportunistic migration. The GridWay framework is a light component for meta-scheduling in the Grid Ecosystem intended for end users and grid application developers.
See also
Globus Toolkit
HTCondor
Open Grid Forum
DRMAA
References
External links
GridWay website
Useful information about GridWay (for Russian speakers)
Grid computing products | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GridWay |
Oxford University Boat Club (OUBC) is the rowing club for the University of Oxford, England, located on the River Thames at Oxford. The club was founded in the early 19th century.
The Boat Race
The club races against the Cambridge University Boat Club in The Boat Race on the Thames in London each year, with the Oxford boat based at the Westminster School Boat Club. The club also selects a reserve crew, Isis, to race the Cambridge reserve crew, Goldie, earlier on Boat Race day.
OUBC was one of five clubs which retained the right until 2012 to appoint representatives to the Council of British Rowing. The others were Leander Club, London Rowing Club, Thames Rowing Club and Cambridge University Boat Club.
College boat clubs
Facilities
OUBC's boat house on the Isis (as the Thames is known at Oxford) burnt down in 1999 and much archival material, including photographs, was lost. OUBC now rows from its new purpose-built boat house in Wallingford, south of Oxford, following a successful fundraising appeal from 2004 to 2007. The boathouse was designed following a limited competition by Tuke Manton Architects LLP. The club has the use of the Redgrave Pinsent Rowing Lake in south Oxfordshire for training purposes, along with the GB Rowing squad and University College Oxford Boat Club.
Honours
British champions
Key = 2, 4, 8 (crew size), x (sculls), - (coxless), + (coxed)
Henley Royal Regatta
See also
List of Oxford University Boat Race crews
Rowing on the River Thames
University rowing (UK)
References
External links
OUBC website
History of rowing
Boat Club
The Boat Race
Sports clubs and teams established in 1829
1829 establishments in England
University and college rowing clubs in the United Kingdom
Rowing clubs in Oxfordshire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oxford%20University%20Boat%20Club |
Ja’afar Abdul El Hakh has been the governor of West Darfur state since 2005.
He was commissioner of Garsila from 2003 to 2004, had as the highest-ranking official responsibility for the mass executions in Deleig and Garsila in March 2004. He became minister for health for West Darfur in 2004, which he stayed until October 2005. He has been accused of arming the militias fighting the black African Fur.
References
Sudanese politicians
Living people
People from West Darfur
Year of birth missing (living people)
Place of birth missing (living people) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ja%27afar%20Abdul%20El%20Hakh |
Gastrophryne, the narrowmouth toads (also American narrowmouth toads, North American narrow-mouthed toads), is a genus of microhylid frogs found in the Americas between Honduras and southern United States.
Its name means ‘belly-toad’, referring to its large belly, from the Ancient Greek (, ‘belly, stomach’) and (, ‘toad’).
Gastrophryne is closely related to Hypopachus. Some species that were earlier placed in Gastrophryne were more closely related to Hypopachus, rendering the genus paraphyletic. This has been rectified by moving some species (Gastrophryne usta and Gastrophryne pictiventris) to Hypopachus.
Gastrophryne frogs were the first species to be recognized to be experiencing speciation by reinforcement and lead to the coining of the term reinforcement by W. Frank Blair in 1955; a concept proposed by Theodosius Dobzhansky decades earlier.
Species
The currently recognized species are:
Gastrophryne carolinensis (Holbrook, 1835) - eastern narrow-mouthed toad
Gastrophryne elegans (Boulenger, 1882) - elegant narrow-mouthed toad
Gastrophryne mazatlanensis (Taylor, 1943) - Mazatlan narrow-mouthed toad or Sinaloa narrow-mouthed toad
Gastrophryne olivacea (Hallowell, 1856) - Great Plains narrow-mouthed toad
References
Microhylidae
Amphibians of Central America
Amphibians of North America
Amphibian genera
Taxa named by Leopold Fitzinger | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastrophryne |
Spandauer SV was a German football club from Berlin.
History
Early years
The capital city was one of the earliest centres of German football and was home to 1. Spandauer Fußballklub Triton, formed on 24 May 1894, and Sportclub Germania Spandau, formed on 15 October 1895. These two sides merged late in 1920 to form Spandauer Sport-Vereinigung 94/95 e.V., the predecessor of today's club.
The team was promoted to the Verbandsliga Berlin-Brandenburg in 1921 where they earned a string of third- and fourth-place finishes. Their best result was a distant second place behind Hertha BSC in 1928.
German football was re-organized under the Third Reich in 1933 into sixteen top flight Gauligen. SSV joined the Gauliga Berlin-Brandenburg and played there until relegated in 1936. They returned briefly in 1939 only to be immediately relegated again. In 1944, towards the end of World War II, Spandau and SC Minerva 93 Berlin were melded into the wartime side KSG Minerva/SSG Berlin to play a final war-shortened season.
Postwar play
After the conflict the club was dissolved, like most other organizations in Germany, including sports and football associations. It was re-constituted in 1945 as SG Spandau-Altstadt and played in the city's first postwar league. The first division Oberliga Berlin was formed a year later and the club played there as SG Spandau-Altstadt beginning in 1947.
By the end of 1949 the team took on its current name Spandauer Sport-Verein 1894 e.V. They were relegated for a season, but managed a return to the top flight the next year. Spandau consistently finished in the upper half of the league table, but were unable to do better than second-place finishes in 1953 and 1959. SSV captured three consecutive Berlin Cups in 1954–1956 and advanced as far as the quarter-final round of the 1957 German Cup where they were put out 1–4 by Bayern Munich.
Spandau refuses the Bundesliga
Berlin's representative in Germany's new profession football league, the Bundesliga, formed in 1963, was city Oberliga champion Hertha BSC. Spandau continued play in what was now the second tier Regionalliga Berlin (or Stadtliga Berlin).
The club had a minor role in the debacle of SC Tasmania 1900 Berlin's promotion to the top-flight Bundesliga after Hertha was demoted for breaking the league's player salary rules. The politics of the Cold War era led to a space being held open for a Berlin side in the top league to replace Hertha in a show of solidarity with the former capital city. Spandau – coming off a second-place finish – refused an offer to advance, leaving the way open to Tasmania, which went on to the worst season in Bundesliga history.
A dramatic decline, then the end
Spandau continued to play as a tier II side in the Regionalliga Berlin until slipping to the Amateurliga Berlin for the 1974–75 season. When they returned to second level play the following year they found themselves in the newly established 2. Bundesliga Nord. Instead of playing against other city teams in the weak Regionalliga Berlin they were pitted against stronger competition from across the north of the country and they went on to suffer through a season as disastrous as Tasmania's turn in the Bundesliga.
Spandau finished dead last, never once rising from the bottom position, with a record of 2 wins, 4 draws, and 32 losses. They did not earn their first point until a 15th round 1–1 draw with SG Wattenscheid 09. Their first victory did not come until their 23rd round match against Bayer 04 Leverkusen. By season's end they had been outscored 33–115.
The club returned to tier III football in the amateur city league where they would play for the next 23 seasons. Financial problems in 1999 led to the club's license being revoked and relegation to the Verbandsliga Berlin (V), from where the club was promoted back to the Oberliga in 2007. It dropped as far as the Bezirksliga again but won promotion back to the Landesliga in 2012.
The club began the 2012–13 Landesliga season with an impressive 11–0 win over BSV Hürriyet-Burgund in which striker Mehmet Aydin, top scorer of the Bezirksliga in the previous season with 30 goals, scored nine goals. At the end of that season they finished at 5th place, and the 2013–14 season at 13th. However, in April 2014 the club filed for bankruptcy. SSV started the 2014–15 season losing all 13 games. As a result, the club withdrew its men's senior sides with immediate effect from all playing activities. Had the club come out of bankruptcy proceedings and resumed its playing activity, they might have restarted from Kreisliga C in time for the 2015–16 season. But the club failed to come out of insolvency, so on 8 December 2014 it was wound up in a Charlottenburg district court, ending its 120-year existence and striking them off the German football clubs' (and the German FA's) register.
Honours
The club's honours:
Amateurliga Berlin (III)
Champions: 1975
Berlin-Liga (V)
Champions: 2007
Berliner Landespokal (Tiers III-VII)
Winners: 1954, 1955, 1956, 1974, 1978
See also
Berlin derby
References
External links
The Abseits Guide to German Soccer
Defunct football clubs in Germany
Defunct football clubs in Berlin
Association football clubs established in 1894
Association football clubs disestablished in 2014
1894 establishments in Germany
2014 disestablishments in Germany
Spandau
2. Bundesliga clubs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spandauer%20SV |
Hypopachus is a genus of microhylid frogs (common name: sheep frogs) found in the Americas between Costa Rica and the southern United States. They can bury themselves under the ground or moss. Its name means ‘somewhat thick’, referring to its tough skin.
Species
The five species are:
Hypopachus barberi – Barber's sheep frog
Hypopachus guancasco – Lenca sheep frog
Hypopachus pictiventris
Hypopachus ustus
Hypopachus variolosus – sheep frog
References
Frogs of North America
Amphibians of Central America
Amphibian genera
Microhylidae
Taxa named by Wilhelm Moritz Keferstein | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hypopachus |
Platform Invocation Services, commonly referred to as P/Invoke, is a feature of Common Language Infrastructure implementations, like Microsoft's Common Language Runtime, that enables managed code to call native code.
Managed code, such as C# or VB.NET, provides native access to classes, methods, and types defined within the libraries that make up the .NET Framework. While the .NET Framework provides an extensive set of functionality, it may lack access to many lower level operating system libraries normally written in unmanaged code or third party libraries also written in unmanaged code. P/Invoke is the technique a programmer can use to access functions in these libraries. Calls to functions within these libraries occur by declaring the signature of the unmanaged function within managed code, which serves as the actual function that can be called like any other managed method. The declaration references the library's file path and defines the function parameters and return in managed types that are most likely to be implicitly marshaled to and from the unmanaged types by the common language run-time (CLR). When the unmanaged data types become too complex for a simple implicit conversion from and to managed types, the framework allows the user to define attributes on the function, return, and/or the parameters to explicitly refine how the data should be marshaled so as not to lead to exceptions in trying to do so implicitly.
There are many abstractions of lower-level programming concepts available to managed code programmers as compared to programming in unmanaged languages. As a result, a programmer with only managed code experience will need to brush up on programming concepts such as pointers, structures, and passing by reference to overcome some of the obstacles in using P/Invoke.
Architecture
Overview
Two variants of P/Invoke currently in use are:
Explicit
Native code is imported via dynamic-linked libraries (DLLs)
Metadata embedded in the caller's assembly defines how the native code is to be called and data accessed (usually requires attributed source specifiers to aid the compiler in generating marshal glue)
This definition is the "Explicit" part
Implicit
By using C++/CLI, an application may simultaneously use the managed heap (by way of tracking pointers) and any native memory region, without the explicit declaration. (Implicit)
A primary benefit in this case being, if underlying native data structures change, so long as the naming is compatible, a breaking change is avoided.
i.e. Adding/removing/re-ordering structures in a native header will be transparently supported so long as the structure member names did not also change.
Details
When using P/Invoke, the CLR handles DLL loading and conversion of the unmanaged previous types to CTS types (also referred to as parameter marshalling). To perform this, the CLR:
Locates the DLL containing the function.
Loads the DLL into memory.
Locates the address of the function in memory and pushes its arguments onto the stack, marshaling data as required.
P/Invoke is useful for using standard (unmanaged) C or C++ DLLs. It can be used when a programmer needs to have access to the extensive Windows API, as many functions provided by the Windows libraries lack available wrappers. When a Win32 API is not exposed by the .NET Framework the wrapper to this API must be written manually.
Pitfalls
Writing P/Invoke wrappers can be difficult and error prone. Using native DLLs means that the programmer can no longer benefit from type safety and garbage collection as is usually provided in the .NET environment. When they are used improperly this may cause problems such as segmentation faults or memory leaks. Getting the exact signatures of the legacy functions for use in the .NET environment can be hard, which can result in such problems. For this purpose tools and websites exist to obtain such signatures, helping to prevent signature problems.
Other pitfalls include:
Incorrect data alignment of user-defined types in the managed language: there are different ways data can be aligned depending on compilers or compiler directives in C and care must be taken to explicitly tell the CLR how to align data for non-blittable types. A common example of this is when trying to define a data type in .NET to represent a union in C. Two different variables overlap in memory, and defining these two variables in a type in .NET would cause them to be in different locations in memory, so special attributes must be used to correct the issue.
Interference with the location of data by the managed language's garbage collector: if a reference is local to a method in .NET and is passed to a native function, when the managed method returns, the garbage collector may reclaim that reference. Care should be taken that the object reference is pinned, preventing it from being collected or moved by the garbage collector, which would result in an invalid access by the native module.
When using C++/CLI, emitted CIL is free to interact with objects located on the managed heap and simultaneously any addressable native memory location. A managed heap resident object may be called, modified or constructed, using simple "object->field;" notation to assign values or specify method calls. Significant performance gains result from having eliminated any needless context switching, memory requirements are reduced (shorter stacks).
This comes with new challenges:
Code is prone to Double Thunking if not specifically addressed
The Loader Lock issue
These references specify solutions for each of these issue if they are encountered. A primary benefit is the elimination of the structure declaration, the order of field declaration and alignment issues are not present in the context of C++ Interop.
Examples
Basic examples
This first simple example shows how to get the version of a particular DLL:
DllGetVersion function signature in the Windows API:
HRESULT DllGetVersion
(
DLLVERSIONINFO* pdvi
)
P/Invoke C# code to invoke the DllGetVersion function:
[StructLayout(LayoutKind.Sequential)]
private struct DLLVERSIONINFO {
public int cbSize;
public int dwMajorVersion;
public int dwMinorVersion;
public int dwBuildNumber;
public int dwPlatformID;
}
[DllImport("shell32.dll")]
static extern int DllGetVersion(ref DLLVERSIONINFO pdvi);
The second example shows how to extract an icon in a file:
ExtractIcon function signature in the Windows API:
HICON ExtractIcon
(
HINSTANCE hInst,
LPCTSTR lpszExeFileName,
UINT nIconIndex
);
P/Invoke C# code to invoke the ExtractIcon function:
[DllImport("shell32.dll")]
static extern IntPtr ExtractIcon(
IntPtr hInst,
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)] string lpszExeFileName,
uint nIconIndex);
This next complex example shows how to share an Event between two processes in the Windows platform:
CreateEvent function signature:
HANDLE CreateEvent(
LPSECURITY_ATTRIBUTES lpEventAttributes,
BOOL bManualReset,
BOOL bInitialState,
LPCTSTR lpName
);
P/Invoke C# code to invoke the CreateEvent function:
[DllImport("kernel32.dll", SetLastError=true)]
static extern IntPtr CreateEvent(
IntPtr lpEventAttributes,
bool bManualReset,
bool bInitialState,
[MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)] string lpName);
A more complex example
// native declaration
typedef struct _PAIR
{
DWORD Val1;
DWORD Val2;
} PAIR, *PPAIR;
// Compiled with /clr; use of #pragma managed/unmanaged can lead to double thunking;
// avoid by using a stand-alone .cpp with .h includes.
// This would be located in a .h file.
template<>
inline CLR_PAIR^ marshal_as<CLR_PAIR^, PAIR> (const PAIR&Src) { // Note use of de/referencing. It must match your use.
CLR_PAIR^ Dest = gcnew CLR_PAIR;
Dest->Val1 = Src.Val1;
Dest->Val2 = Src.Val2;
return Dest;
};
CLR_PAIR^ mgd_pair1;
CLR_PAIR^ mgd_pair2;
PAIR native0,*native1=&native0;
native0 = NativeCallGetRefToMemory();
// Using marshal_as. It makes sense for large or frequently used types.
mgd_pair1 = marshal_as<CLR_PAIR^>(*native1);
// Direct field use
mgd_pair2->Val1 = native0.Val1;
mgd_pair2->val2 = native0.val2;
return(mgd_pair1); // Return to C#
Tools
There are a number of tools which are designed to aid in the production of P/Invoke signatures.
Writing a utility application that would import C++ header files and native DLL files and produce an interface assembly automatically turns out to be quite difficult. The main problem with producing such an importer/exporter for P/Invoke signatures is the ambiguity of some C++ function call parameter types.
Brad Abrams has this to say on the subject:
The problem lies with C++ functions like the following:
__declspec(dllexport) void MyFunction(char *params);
What type should we use for the parameter params in our P/Invoke signature ? This could be either a C++ null terminated string, or could be a array or could be an output parameter. So should we use , , or ?
Regardless of this issue, there are a few tools available to make the production of P/Invoke signatures simpler.
One of the tools listed below, xInterop C++ .NET Bridge has resolved this issue by implementing multiple overrides of the same C++ method in .NET world, developers can then pick the correct one to make the call.
PInvoke.net
PInvoke.net is a wiki containing P/Invoke signatures for a large number of standard Windows APIs. It is owned by Redgate Software and has around 50000 hits per month.
The signatures are manually produced by users of the wiki. They can be searched using a free addin to Microsoft Visual Studio.
PInvoker
PInvoker is an application which imports native DLLs and C++ .h files and exports fully formed and compiled interop DLLs. It overcomes the ambiguity problem by wrapping native pointer function parameters in PInvoker specific .NET interface classes. Instead of using standard .NET parameter types in P/Invoke method definitions (, , etc.) it uses these interface classes in the P/Invoke function calls.
For instance, if we consider the above example code, PInvoker would produce a .NET function accepting a .NET interface class wrapping the native pointer. The construction of this class could be from a or from a array. The actual native memory structure for both is the same, but the respective interface class constructors for each type will populate the memory in different ways. The responsibility for deciding what .NET type needs to be passed into the function is therefore passed to the developer.
Microsoft Interop Assistant
Microsoft Interop Assistant is a free tool available with binaries and source code available for download on CodePlex. It is licensed under the Microsoft Limited Public License (Ms-LPL).
It has two parts:
A converter which takes small sections of native C++ header file code containing and method definitions. It then produces C# P/Invoke code for you to copy and paste into your applications.
A searchable database of converted Windows API constant, method and struct definitions.
Because this tool produces C# source code rather than a compiled dll the user is free to make any changes necessary to the code before use. So the ambiguity problem is solved by the application picking one particular .NET type to use in the P/Invoke method signature and if necessary the user can change this to the required type.
P/Invoke Wizard
The P/Invoke Wizard uses a similar method to the Microsoft Interop Assistant in that it accepts native C++ .h file code and produces C# (or VB.NET) code for you to paste into your .NET application code.
It also has options for which framework you wish to target: .NET Framework for the desktop or .NET Compact Framework for Windows Mobile smart devices (and Windows CE).
xInterop C++ .NET Bridge
xInterop C++ .NET Bridge is a windows application to created C# wrapper for native C++ DLLs and C++ bridge to access .NET assemblies, it comes with a C#/.NET library which wraps the standard C++ classes, such as string, iostream, etc., C++ classes and objects can be accessed from .NET.
This tool generates C# wrapper DLLs with source code from existing native C++ DLLs and the associated header files which are required by the tool to build a C# wrapper DLL. The P/Invoke signatures and data marshaling are generated by the application. The resulting C# wrapper has the similar interface of the C++ counterpart with the parameter type converted to the .NET code.
This tool recognizes template classes which is not exported from the C++ DLL and instantiates the template class and export it in a supplement DLL and the corresponding C++ interface can be used in .NET.
See also
Blittable types
Java Native Interface, the standard way for Java programs to access native code
Java Native Access, the Java equivalent of P/Invoke
Windows library files
J/Direct, the no-longer maintained equivalent API for Microsoft Java Virtual Machine
References
External links
A site devoted to P/Invoke
.NET terminology
Common Language Infrastructure | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platform%20Invocation%20Services |
SIMDIS is a software toolset developed by Code 5770 at the US Naval Research Laboratory (NRL). The software provides 2D and 3D interactive graphical and video displays of live and postprocessed simulation, test, and operational data. SIMDIS is a portmanteau of simulation and display.
Features
SIMDIS runs on Windows, Linux, and Sun Microsystems workstations with hardware-accelerated 3D graphics and provides identical execution and "look and feel" for all supported platforms.
SIMDIS provides either a 2D or a 3D display of the normally "seen" data such as platform position and orientation, as well as the "unseen" data such as the interactions of sensor systems with targets, countermeasures, and the environment. It includes custom tools for interactively analyzing and displaying data for equipment modes, spatial grids, ranges, angles, antenna patterns, line of sight and RF propagation. Capability for viewing time synchronized data from either a standalone workstation or multiple networked workstations is also provided.
To meet the needs of range operators, simulation users, analysts, and decision makers SIMDIS provides multiple modes of operation including live display, interactive playback, and scripted multimedia modes. It also provides capability for manipulation of post-processed data and integration with charts, graphs, pictures, audio and video for use in the development and delivery of 3-D visual presentations.
SIMDIS binaries are released under U.S. Department of Defense (DoD) Distribution Statement A, meaning the binaries are approved for public release with unlimited distribution. SIMDIS has been independently accredited and certified by Commander Operational Test and Evaluation Force (COMOPTEVFOR) and Joint Forces Command (JFCOM). It has also been approved for use on the Navy/Marine Corps Intranet (NMCI).
Operational use
SIMDIS provides support for analysis and display of test and training mission data to more than 4000 users. At the Naval Research Laboratory and other sites, SIMDIS has been used for numerous simulation, test and training applications, analyzing disparate test data in a common frame of reference. SIMDIS is currently an operational display system for the Missile Defense Agency (MDA), the Naval Undersea Warfare Center (NUWC), the Pacific Missile Range Facility (PMRF), the Southern California Offshore Range (SCORE), and the Central Test and Evaluation Investment Program’s (CTEIP) Test and Test and Training Enabling Architecture (TENA). In addition to the Defense community, SIMDIS has also gained acceptance in various other U.S. government organizations and in the foreign community.
The SIMDIS SDK
The SIMDIS Software Development Kit (SDK) is a C++ framework providing functionality to create 3D scenes consisting of objects whose position and state change with time that are placed relative to a geographic map. The SIMDIS SDK is the underlying application framework supporting SIMDIS.
Around 2017, SIMDIS released its SDK on GitHub.
Cost
Since SIMDIS requires no additional COTS products or license fees, the Range Commanders Council (RCC) currently lists SIMDIS as a cost savings/avoidance program for the US Department of Defense.
See also
Office of Naval Research (ONR), a sponsor of SIMDIS development
Interactive Scenario Builder
References
External links
SIMDIS Website
SIMDIS SDK
2005 NRL Review Article
2002 NRL Review Article
TEC Army Survey
Defense / Military Virtual Terrain Projects
3D graphics software
C++ software
Cross-platform software
GIS software
Government software
Military simulation
Simulation software
Virtual globes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SIMDIS |
Kalophrynus is a genus of microhylid frogs. It is the only genus in the subfamily Kalophryninae. The species in this genus are found in southern China, in Southeast Asia to Java and Philippines, and in Assam, India.
Species
There are 25 species:
References
Microhylidae
Amphibians of Asia
Amphibian genera
Taxa named by Johann Jakob von Tschudi | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kalophrynus |
Montefrio is a municipality in the province of Granada. The ruins of a Moorish castle sit near the highest point. Being built midway between the Sierra de Priego and Sierra Parapanda, and commanding the open valley between these ranges, it became one of the chief frontier fortresses of the Moors in the 15th century.
The climate of Montefrío is a continental Mediterranean type. The economy is typically agrarian, with olives as the main crop. The relatively limited industry revolves around agricultural processing such as oil and dairy products. The population is reported as 6,688, with 3,337 men and 3,351 women. Near the town is a vast archaeological site known as Las Peñas de los Gitanos, famous for its prehistoric tombs and remains of Roman and Visigothic settlements.
Montefrío's main road has many shops, cafes, bars and restaurants which are independently run. It leads on to Plaza Virgen de Los Remedios which then leads on to Plaza de España.
Montefrio's primary church is the only round church in the whole of Spain since its recapture from Muslim control. The church is said to have been converted from an old mosque.
Etymology
The town's name means "cold mountain", from Spanish monte frio.
Geography
Montefrío is in the northwest of the province of Granada, situated in the region of Loja. The township occupies about 254 km2 and has a density of 25.37 inhabitants / km ². Its geographical coordinates are 37 ° 19 'N, 04 ° 01' W. It is situated at an altitude of 834 m and 57 km from the capital of Granada.
Montefrio is limited on the north with the municipalities of Priego de Córdoba and Almedinilla (Córdoba) and Alcalá la Real (Jaén); the southeast with íllora, on the south by Villanueva Mesia and Stump; and on the southwest by Loja and Algarinejo, the latter belonging to the province of Granada.
Districts
The municipality counts with the annexed of Lojilla. This small village is located about 7 km from the village. The only access is to Lojilla is by the road between Montefrío and Alcalá la Real, from the junction at “La venta del conejo”. Its altitude is 994.3 meters and the terrain has a slope of 20.89%. Its population is 79 inhabitants.
They celebrate a feast on 20 January in honor of its patron saint San Sebastian, and on July 25, the feast of Santiago. They highlight the festival of San Sebastián. The amazing thing about this festival is that locals walk through the streets of the village dressed in colorful costumes, hats with bells and ribbons which are also colored. Jumping, dancing and begging passers towards the cost of the party. It was ancient custom that were getting farmhouse cottage in cakes, oil and melons. The beginning is in the late afternoon and after a day of olive picking and last until the early hours of the night. Flush (coffee with anise) and typical local products such as chorizo and morcilla grilled are taken.
The origin of the festival is unknown, but is believed that the party is related with the one celebrated in Los Verdiales (Málaga) because of the similarity of its outfit. After 15 years without taking place, it was celebrated again in 2010. The party seeks to be declared by their ancestral origin and singularity of interest by the Junta de Andalucía.
Hydrography
The township has four main streams:
Arroyo de turca, which rises in the hill of Gachas and Marcos and empties into the term Algarinejo
El arroyo Milanos, born in Montesanto, runs through lands of Loja and ends up in the Genil and the lands of Huétor Tájar
Arroyo de los pinares, born in the farmhouse Fuente Dorada and flows into the Genil, in the lands of Villanueva Mesia
Arroyo de los Molinos, watering the western slope of the Sierra de Parapanda and joins the stream flows into the Genil by the íllora term
Climate
Montefrío climate is Mediterranean with continental features. It is not particularly cold, with rainy winters and hot, dry summers. Autumns and Springs are mild and slightly rainy. According to a study by the Council of Granada, made in the early 1990s, between three distinct locations (Cortijo de Tara, Lojilla and Montefrío), the following data are derived:
Rainfall: 631.4 mm
Average temperature: 15.2 °C
Average low temperature: 8.34 °C
Maximum average temperature: 20.44 °C
Data should not be taken too seriously, because within the same municipality, there are areas with higher rainfall than others. In some areas if this average is reached, other do not get to 500 mm per year.
Communications
The A-335 crosses through the town from north to south. To the east is the NO-26 which also binds to the N-432 as it passes through Puerto Lope and is the shortest way to get to Granada.
From the A92, exit Huétor-Tájar, then up the road connecting the two towns, bordering the creek Milanos, which is the best option. One can also reach Montefrío from neighboring villages and Algarinejo íllora through local roads. The major elevations are the Sierra de Parapanda with 1,604 m at the boundary between Montefrío and íllora, and saw the peak Chanzas Pepper of 1,213 m between Montefrío and Algarinejo.
Economy
Montefrio's economy is based on agriculture and animal husbandry. Must emphasize the 16,221 olives of which 15204 belong to dry farming and irrigated rest. Within arable crops we highlight the 471 ha of barley and 12 ha of potato (SIMA 2007).
As for livestock, Montefrío in the eighteenth century became one of the most important pastoral areas of eastern Andalusia (about 50,000 head of cattle). Currently these figures are substantially lower, highlighting the pigs won, goat and sheep. It is this primary sector that derives little existing industry. A cooperative dairy related products, the cheese is famous throughout Spain; several mills, two of which incorporated cooperatives; companies engaged in the development of products derived from the olive; and a high-quality meat products.
Montefrío has one of the richest historical and cultural heritages in the province of Granada and is one of Andalucia’s famous “Pueblos Blancos” (white towns of Andalucia). Tourism in Montefrío has escalated in recent years having been named a top 10 National Geographic views of a pueblo (town) in 2017. There are several fiestas (festivals) throughout the year, notably the month long “Fiesta de Agosto” (August Festival). With so much to see and do in Montefrío its culture, fiestas, famous heritage sites and award winning produce attracts tourists throughout the year.
References
External links
Ayuntamiento de Montefrío
- La más veterana y completa guía de Montefrío
- Montefrío en estado puro
- Web 2.0, portal ciudadano y una de las asociaciones más activas del poniente Granadino
[4] - Turismo Montefrío
[5] - Things to do in Montefrío
Municipalities in the Province of Granada | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Montefr%C3%ADo |
Kaloula is a genus of microhylid frogs found in southern and eastern Asia. They are sometimes known as the Asian narrowmouth toads.
Species
The genus currently has at least 19 species. Some sources also recognize Kaloula macrocephala Bourret, 1942 as a valid species, whereas the Amphibian Species of the World treats it as a synonym of Kaloula pulchra. 5 new species have been described since 2000, and there are unnamed species yet to be described.
Kaloula pulchra, Kaloula picta, and Kaloula borealis are the most widespread and commonly found varieties, often living near human settlements.
Blackburn, et al. (2013) lists several Kaloula varieties that are likely to be new, previously undescribed species.
Kaloula sp. nov. Palawan: Closely related to Kaloula baleata. Recorded in Palawan.
Kaloula sp. nov. Sulawesi: Closely related to Kaloula baleata. Recorded in the Togian Islands (Batudaka Island), Central Sulawesi, and North Sulawesi (Bogani Nani Wartabone National Park).
Kaloula sp. nov. Sibuyan: Closely related to Kaloula conjuncta. Recorded on Sibuyan Island and Mount Baloy, Panay.
Kaloula sp. nov. Samar & Leyte: Related to Kaloula conjuncta and Kaloula picta. Recorded in Taft, Eastern Samar, and Danao and Baybay in Leyte.
Kaloula sp. nov. Panay: Related to Kaloula kalingensis and Kaloula kokacii. Recorded in Sibalom, Antique Province, Panay.
Kaloula sp. nov. East Luzon: Related to Kaloula kalingensis and Kaloula kokacii. Recorded on Mount Makiling, Sierra Madres, and Aurora Memorial National Park.
Phylogeny
A molecular phylogenetic study by Mo et al. (2013) suggests that the only four Kaloula species found in China, namely Kaloula borealis, Kaloula nonggangensis, Kaloula rugifera, and Kaloula verrucosa, belong to a monophyletic group, termed the K. verrucosa group.
Blackburn, et al. (2013) consider Kaloula species endemic to the Philippines to form a monophyletic group, containing the species Kaloula walteri, Kaloula rigida, Kaloula conjuncta, Kaloula picta, Kaloula kalingensis, and Kaloula kokacii. Kaloula likely colonized the Philippines from Southeast Asia during the Late Miocene, and then radiated into different ecotypes. K. kalingensis and K. kokacii occupy niches as arboreal tree-hole frogs in northern and southern Luzon respectively, while K. rigida and K. walteri are ground frogs in northern and southern Luzon respectively. K. picta, which is a terrestrial ground frog, and K. conjuncta, which is scansorial (climbing) and prefers shrubs, have established themselves throughout the Philippine archipelago. K. picta as well as K. pulchra display the lowest internal genetic diversity, but also have widespread geographical distributions that may have likely occurred be due to human activity.
Excluding Kaloula taprobanica, the most recent common ancestor of Kaloula likely existed about 22.3 million years ago, around the Oligocene–Miocene boundary. The most recent common ancestor of the terrestrial species K. rigida and K. walteri likely lived 4.8 million years ago during the Early Pliocene, while that of the arboreal species K. kalingensis and K. kokacii likely lived 9.1 million years ago. The most recent common ancestor of K. conjuncta, which currently has four recognized subspecies, likely lived 4.4 million years ago.
Blackburn, et al. (2013) suggests that Kaloula taprobanica might not form a clade with the other Kaloula species, although it does clearly form a clade with Metaphrynella, Ramanella, and the rest of Kaloula.
Other studies relating to Kaloula phylogeny include van Bocxlaer et al. (2007), Matsui et al. (2011), and Trueb et al. (2011).
The following phylogeny has been adapted from Blackburn, et al. (2013). Kaloula assamensis, Kaloula taprobanica, and Kaloula aureata have not been included.
References
External links
AmphibiaWeb
Microhylidae
Amphibians of Asia
Amphibian genera
Taxa named by John Edward Gray | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaloula |
Gayatri Reddy is an Indian anthropologist who has also made contributions to queer and gender studies.
Reddy received her PhD in Anthropology in 2000 from Emory University after M.A in Anthropology from Columbia University and B.A. in Psychology from Delhi University. She is currently an associate professor in Anthropology and Gender and Women's Studies at the University of Illinois at Chicago. Reddy has carried out fieldwork on a community of Hyderabad, Andhra Pradesh in India. Her current research is on male queer identity among South Asian immigrants to the US.
Reddy is the Association for Feminist Anthropology Program Chair for 2007, and a member of the steering committee for the University Consortium for Sexuality Research and Training at the Kinsey Institute.
References
External links
University of Illinois bio page
Gayatri Reddy Curriculum Vitae
Reviews of With Respect to Sex: Negotiating Hijra Identity in South India in the American Journal of Sociology, Journal of the Royal Anthropological Institute, Journal of the History of Sexuality, Feminist Studies, American Ethnologist
1982 births
Living people
Gender studies academics
Indian academics
Queer theorists
Emory University alumni
University of Illinois Chicago faculty
21st-century Indian anthropologists
Indian women anthropologists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gayatri%20Reddy |
Bernardo Segura Rivera (born February 11, 1970 in San Mateo Atenco) is a Mexican race walker.
He is the current holder of the 20,000m World Record for Race Walking on a track with a time of 1:17:25.6. In the 2000 Olympic Games, Segura finished first the 20 km walk. However, he was disqualified by the judges while he was being congratulated by then president Ernesto Zedillo.
Achievements
External links
1970 births
Living people
Mexican male racewalkers
Athletes (track and field) at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1999 Pan American Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 2003 Pan American Games
Olympic athletes for Mexico
Sportspeople from the State of Mexico
People from San Mateo Atenco
Olympic bronze medalists in athletics (track and field)
Medalists at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Olympic bronze medalists for Mexico
Pan American Games medalists in athletics (track and field)
Pan American Games gold medalists for Mexico
Pan American Games silver medalists for Mexico
World Athletics record holders
Universiade medalists in athletics (track and field)
Goodwill Games medalists in athletics
Central American and Caribbean Games silver medalists for Mexico
Competitors at the 1998 Central American and Caribbean Games
Universiade bronze medalists for Mexico
World Athletics Race Walking Team Championships winners
Central American and Caribbean Games medalists in athletics
Medalists at the 1993 Summer Universiade
Competitors at the 1994 Goodwill Games
Medalists at the 1999 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 2003 Pan American Games
20th-century Mexican people
21st-century Mexican people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bernardo%20Segura |
Dunragit () is a village on the A75, between Stranraer and Glenluce in Dumfries and Galloway, south-west Scotland. Dunragit is within the parish of Old Luce, in the traditional county of Wigtownshire. The modern village grew up around the west gate of Dunragit House, an 18th-century country house, though there is evidence of Neolithic settlement in the area.
Toponymy
The place-name Dunragit is said to derive from Din Rheged meaning "Fort of Rheged", referring to the Brythonic kingdom of Rheged which existed in northern Britain between the 5th and 8th centuries. RE
Dunragit monument complex
Between 1999 and 2002, archeological excavations have explored the Dunragit area, and a complex of Neolithic monuments has been uncovered. Nothing can now be seen above ground, but aerial photography and excavation has revealed an early Neolithic cursus monument, and the remains of three later Neolithic concentric timber circles, dating to around 2500 BC; the outer circle of which was in diameter. Around south of the timber circles is the mound of Droughduil, which has been previously identified as a medieval motte. The location of the mound, aligned with one of the entrances to the timber circles, prompted speculation as to an earlier origin, and the 2002 excavation season focused on this feature. Optically stimulated luminescence dating of excavated material showed that the mound was constructed around 2500 BC, and has been compared to Silbury Hill in Wiltshire.
Round Dounan
Round Dounan, in the grounds of Dunragit House, has been identified as a motte, shaped from a natural mound. It may have been a stone-built fort of the 5th or 6th century, and was identified as the "Fort of Rheged" by R. C. Reid in the 1950s.
Glenwhan Garden
The Glenwhan Garden has been created in Dunragit, since 1979, out of a gorse and bracken covered hillside, inspired by the nearby Logan Botanic Garden and Tresco on the Isles of Scilly. It is open to the public.
Economy
Dunragit Creamery was operated by Nestlé, but this is no longer in use.
Bypass
Plans were put forward in 2006 for a bypass to take the busy A75 around the south side of the village. A £17.13m contract for the work was awarded in February 2013. During construction work substantial finds of prehistoric artefacts were uncovered. These included Mesolithic lithic artefacts, Neolithic arrowheads, Bronze Age urns and bead necklaces including a 130-piece jet bead necklace the origin of which was traced to Whitby, North Yorkshire.
Railways
There is a level crossing located on the Glasgow South Western Line on the section between Stranraer and Barrhill.
The Beeching cuts resulted in the closure of the Portpatrick Railway and the Castle Douglas and Dumfries Railway, collectively known as the Port Road in 1965. It serving the port in Stranraer and thus Larne as well as the Port of Belfast and Northern Ireland in general.
The station is closed along with the direct line from Stranraer via Dunragit to Glenluce onwards to Dumfries and Carlisle and the West Coast Main Line to London Euston. The same journey to Dumfries is now via Ayr and Kilmarnock.
Gallery
References
Villages in Dumfries and Galloway
Wigtownshire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dunragit |
Nervi is a former fishing village 12 miles (19 km) northwest of Portofino on the Riviera di Levante, now a seaside resort in Liguria, in northwest Italy. Once an independent comune, it is now a quartiere of Genoa. Nervi is 4 miles (7 km) east of central Genoa.
Geography
Nervi is a district of Genoa. At the beginning of the century, it is mentioned as being surrounded with groves of olives, oranges and lemons, and beautiful gardened villas. At 25 meters above sea level, Genoa has a moist climate that is less dusty than the Riviera di Ponente, the part of the Italian Riviera west of Genoa, and is especially in favor with those who suffer from lung complaints.
Museums
Nervi is home to four significant museums.
The Genoa Gallery of Modern Arts, in the former Villa Saluzzo Serra and the Raccolte Frugone, in the former Villa Grimaldi Fassio have paintings, sculptures, and drawings by Italian and other artists from the 19th and 20th centuries. The collection also includes items related to the cultural history of Genoa and Liguria.
The Wolfsoniana is a regional museum of the Wolfsonian-Florida International University of Florida International University in Miami, Florida.
It contains items from the 19th and 20th centuries such as architectural drawings, graphics, posters, sketches and drawings, books and other publications, paintings, sculptures, furniture, and glass, ceramic, wrought iron, and silver objects.
The Museo Giannettino Luxoro features collections of clocks and watches from the 18th and 19th centuries, ceramics, furniture, and fine clothing in a restored villa.
In July 2020, the Italia Nostra announced it would partake in the historic renovation of Nervi.
Points of interest
Especially popular is the Passeggiata Anita Garibaldi, a 2 km walkway along the ocean cliffs. The views make it one of Italy's "most beautiful promenades".
The Parchi di Nervi is a park of about 22 acres (9 hectares) created from the gardens of the Villa Grimaldi, Villa Gropallo, and Villa Serra. It has typical Mediterranean plant species and many exotic species. The former Villa Luxoro, now a museum, and Villa Gnecco, now a luxury hotel, also abut the Parchi. Nervi is these days a busy and quite up-market residential area that is almost entirely apartments, many of which are older style buildings from the 19th century that have been converted from large middle-class houses. There are many shops vying for business most of which sell good quality items especially the clothing and fashion outlets.
Euroflora
In 2018 Euroflora event was held for the first time at the Nervi parks. The event returned to the Nervi parks in 2022.
Festival Internazionale del Balletto e della Musica
The festival was held from 17 July to 2 August 2020 in the splendid setting of the Nervi Parks.
Notes and references
About Passeggiata di Nervi-Guest accommodation | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nervi |
The Sign of the Seahorse is a 1992 illustrated children's book by Graeme Base. It was first published on September 15, 1992, through Harry N. Abrams Inc., and was later adapted into a film and musical. The book received a first printing of 350,000 copies and was an alternative selection of the Literary Guild and the Doubleday Book Club.
Base was inspired to write the book during a scuba diving experience in Martinique, after which point he began researching fish and started pursuing underwater photography.
Synopsis
The book's story is composed of two acts and is set in the underwater town of Reeftown, where its fishy inhabitants live peacefully with each other. However one of them, Gropmund Grouper, is intent on fulfilling his own greedy needs at the expense of everyone else - even if this requires polluting the entire area. This pollution has far reaching effects and forces Corporal Bert of the Soldiercrabs to leave behind his sweetheart Pearl Trout while he tries to find the source of the pollution - unaware that his departure will also cause Pearl to do her own investigating.
Reception
Critical reception for The Sign of the Seahorse has been positive and the book has been used as part of many educational lessons, such as helping to explain concept and vocabulary development. Kirkus Reviews wrote "All of this is related in interminable, relentlessly rhythmic doggerel--peppered with clever turns of phrase, but not enough to spice this abundant fish stew. ... At least as imaginative as--and less earnest than--Gurney's Dinotopia, and illustrated with greater skill; there's also the ecological message." while Publishers Weekly describes it as a "Gilbert and Sullivan-like coral reef tale" and refers to "Base's exemplary verse, perfect scansion and witty rhymes" but "youngsters may have difficulty here: the tale is lengthy for a picture-book audience, and the artwork's largesse might prove overwhelming." They concluded "The verse makes splendid read-aloud material, however; nightly recitations of the various scenes should keep both reader and audience immensely entertained."
The book was also used by the Leigh Yawkey Woodson Art Museum as part of a program to help educate children about pollution and the environment and has been part of academic research.
Kids' Book Review has praised the book for its story and artwork, something echoed in People's review of the work.
References
External links
library holdings of The Sign of the Seahorse
1992 children's books
Picture books by Graeme Base
Fictional fish
Australian children's books
Children's books about fish
sk:Živočíchy | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Sign%20of%20the%20Seahorse |
The Cambridge University Boat Club (CUBC) is the rowing club of the University of Cambridge, England. The club was founded in 1828 and has been located at the Goldie Boathouse on the River Cam, Cambridge since 1882. Nowadays, training primarily takes place on the River Great Ouse at Ely.
The prime constitutional aim of CUBC is to beat Oxford University Boat Club, Oxford University Women's Boat Club, Oxford University Lightweight Rowing Club and Oxford University Women's Lightweight Rowing Club in the annual Oxford and Cambridge Boat Race and Lightweight Boat Races. CUBC's openweight men's squad currently lead OUBC in the series by 85 races to 80, with 1 dead heat in The Boat Race 1877, while the openweight women's squad lead OUWBC by 45 races to 30. The lightweight men's squad lead OULRC by 29 races to 19, and the lightweight women's squad lead OUWLRC by 22 races to 17.
History
The inaugural meeting of Cambridge University Boat Club took place at Gonville and Caius College on 9 December 1828. Following this meeting, it was agreed that a challenge be sent to the University of Oxford to organise a race between representatives of the two universities. A letter was sent to Oxford in which they were challenged "to row a match at or near London, each in an eight-oared boat during the ensuing Easter vacation". Consequently, the first Boat Race took place at Henley-on-Thames in June 1829.
The first Women's Boat Race was raced in 1927 on the Isis at Oxford, Cambridge was represented by a crew from Newnham College in front of hostile crowds. They were later joined by students from Girton College to form CUWBC for the 1941 Boat Race. CULRC was formed in 1974 to provide a lightweight crew to race OULRC in the first Lightweight Boat Race in 1975. In 1984 CUWBC fielded a lightweight women's crew for the first Lightweight Women's Boat Race at Henley. These races remained in Henley until the Women's Boat Race moved to the Championship course in London in 2015, followed by the Men's Lightweight Boat Race in 2019 and the Women's Lightweight Boat Race in 2020.
CUBC was one of five clubs which retained the right until 2012 to appoint representatives to the Council of British Rowing. The others were Leander Club, London Rowing Club, Thames Rowing Club and Oxford University Boat Club.
On 1 August 2020, CUBC formally merged with Cambridge University Women's Boat Club and Cambridge University Lightweight Rowing Club to form a new combined club to compete against Oxford clubs in the annual boat races. This followed a vote in April 2020 by members of all three clubs which was overwhelmingly in favour of the merger. The merger and subsequent rebrand led to a new visual identity for Cambridge University Boat Club. The new logo kept the old colours of red and black, but added yellow, the traditional team kit colour of the men’s and women’s reserve crews, Goldie and Blondie.
Notability
CUBC has produced numerous Olympic-level rowers in its history. During the Boat Race period both the Men's Blue Boat and Goldie crews boat from King's College School's Boat House on the Putney embankment while the Women's Blue Boat and Blondie crews boat from Thames Rowing Club. During the Lightweight Boat Race period, CUBC Lightweight Men boat from London Rowing Club and Lightweight Women boat from Thames Rowing Club.
Honours
British champions
Key = 2, 4, 8 (crew size), x (sculls), - (coxless), + (coxed)
Henley Royal Regatta
Gallery
References
Notes
Bibliography
Sports clubs and teams established in the 1820s
1828 establishments in England
University and college rowing clubs in the United Kingdom
The Boat Race
Sports organizations established in 1828
Rowing clubs in Cambridgeshire
Rowing clubs of the River Cam
Rowing clubs of the River Great Ouse | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cambridge%20University%20Boat%20Club |
Nissan and its spinoff, Jatco, have produced a large number of automatic transmissions for many auto makers.
Naming
The first Nissan/Jatco transmission, the Jatco 3N71 transmission, used a simple naming scheme: the "3" meant "3-speed", and the remainder was the series number. Beginning in 1982, it gained a locking torque converter (L3N71b) for greater efficiency. (See L3N71 link below). It gained an overdrive section in 1983 (L4N71b), culminating with preliminary electronic sensors and control functions being added in 1985 (E4N71b), and proceeding with the initial "R" for "rear wheel drive" with the RL4R01A/RE4R01A. This same system was used with the RL3F01A front wheel drive transaxle and its descendants through the RE4F04A.
Jatco has switched to a new naming scheme starting with a "J" for Jatco, then "F" or "R" for front- or rear-wheel drive. The next digit is the number of gears, while the model series is now two digits sequentially. The model series names were not directly mapped – for instance the model designation changed when the RE4F04A was renamed to JF403E, while the RE4R03A became the JR403E.
Many OEM users assign their own model numbers.
Conventional automatic transmissions
Longitudinal engine rear wheel drive transmissions
1969–1989 3N71 (Nissan: L3N71B) — 3-speed
1983–1990 4N71 (Jatco: JR401/JR401E, Nissan: L4N71B/E4N71B, Mazda: N4A-EL) — 4-speed
1988–2004 4R01 (Jatco: JR402/JR402E, Nissan: RL4R01A/RE4R01A/RE4R01B, Mazda: R4A-EL) — 4-speed
?–? 4R03 (Jatco: JR403E, Nissan: RE4R03A/RG4R01A) — 4-speed
?–? JR405E (Mazda: RC4A-EL) — 4-speed
1989–? 5R01 (Jatco: JR502E/JR503E, Nissan: RE5R01A) — 5-speed
2002–present 5R05 (Jatco: JR507E/JR509E, Nissan: RE5R05A) — 5-speed
2009–present 7R01 (Jatco: JR710E/JR711E, Nissan: RE7R01A/RE7R01B) — 7-speed
2019–present JR913E (JATCO JR913E 9 speed automatic transmission) — 9-speed
Notes
a.Original design by Mercedes-Benz, Jatco variant modified and produced by Jatco under license for Nissan and Infiniti vehicles. (In reference to the JR913E only.)
Transverse engine front wheel drive transaxles
1982–1990 RL3F01A/RN3F01A — 3-speed transaxle
1982–1985 RL4F01A — 4-speed transaxle
1985–1994 RE4F02A/RL4F02A — 4-speed transaxle
1991–2001 RE4F03A/RL4F03A — 4-speed transaxle
1992–2001 RE4F04A/RE4F04V — 4-speed transaxle (aka GEO/Isuzu 4F20E/JF403E and Mazda LJ4A-EL)
3-speed ultra lightweight keicar
Suzuki Alto, Mazda Carol
3-speed high-performance keicar
Mitsubishi eK Wagon, Mitsubishi Minica, Nissan Otti
3-speed high-performance compact
Proton Perdana
4-speed ultra lightweight keicar
Mitsubishi eK Active, Classy, Sport, Wagon, i, Nissan Otti
Jatco JF405E — 4-speed ultra-light compact (formerly JF402E)
Suzuki Wagon-R, Suzuki MR Wagon, Nissan Moco, Mazda AZ-Wagon, Mazda Laputa, Hyundai Atoz, Kia Morning, Daewoo Matiz
Jatco JF404E — 4-speed ultra-light compact
VW Polo, VW Lupo, SEAT Arosa, Škoda Fabia
4-speed compact
Nissan Tiida, Nissan Note, Nissan March, Nissan Wingroad, Nissan Bluebird Sylphy, Renault Samsung SM3
4-speed small/medium
Mitsubishi Grandis, Mitsubishi Galant, Mitsubishi Lancer, Mitsubishi Lancer Wagon
4-speed medium
Mitsubishi Lancer Cargo
4-speed medium/large
Nissan Altima, Nissan Quest, Nissan X-Trail, Renault Samsung SM5
Jatco JF506E/F5A5 5-speed medium/large
VW Golf, VW Sharan, MG Rover, Land Rover Freelander, Jaguar X-Type, Ford Mondeo, Audi A3, Mazda MPV, Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution
Jatco JF613E 6-speed medium/large
Renault Laguna, Renault Scénic, Nissan Qashqai, Mitsubishi Outlander
Continuously variable transmissions
Front wheel drive
Jatco JF011E
Nissan Lafesta, Nissan Serena, Nissan Sentra, Renault Fluence, Nissan Bluebird Sylphy, Nissan X-Trail (T31), Mitsubishi Outlander (2008-), Mitsubishi Lancer (2008-), Mitsubishi Outlander Sport (2011-), Dodge Caliber, Jeep Compass, Jeep Patriot, Suzuki Kizashi
Jatco JF009E
Nissan Tiida (Versa), Nissan Note, Nissan Cube, Nissan March, Nissan Wingroad
Mitsubishi F1C1A
Mitsubishi Colt, Mitsubishi Colt Plus, Mitsubishi Lancer (non US market, pre-2008), Hyundai Sonata (Korean domestic, 2001~2002)
Jatco F06A
Nissan Primera
Jatco JF010E
Nissan Teana, Nissan Presage, Nissan Murano
Jatco CVT7 (Jatco JF015E / Wide ratio Jatco JF020E) Ratio coverage 7.3 and 8.7 for WR
Mitsubishi Mirage, Mitsubishi Delica D:2, Nissan Cube, Nissan Juke, Nissan Latio, Nissan March, Nissan Note, Nissan Sylphy, Nissan Lannia, Suzuki Alto Eco, Suzuki Hustler, Suzuki Solio, Suzuki Spacia, Suzuki Splash, Suzuki Swift, Suzuki Wagon R
Jatco CVT8 (Jatco JF016E / Jatco JF017E / Hybrid Jatco JF018E / Hybrid Jatco JF019E) Ratio coverage 6.3-7.0 Max torque 250-380 Nm
Infiniti QX60, Nissan NV200, Nissan Serena, Nissan Teana, Nissan X-Trail, Nissan Rogue (USA & Canada), Mitsubishi Outlander, Mitsubishi Eclipse Cross
Jatco CVT S Ratio coverage 6.0 for mini vehicle below 1L
Jatco CVT X (JF022E) Ratio coverage 8.2 Max torque 330 Nm
Nissan Qashqai 2021, X-trail 2021, Mitsubishi Outlander 2022, Renault Austral
Rear wheel drive
Jatco JR006E: Toroidal CVT Maximum torque 370 Nm
Nissan Skyline 350GT-8 (2002-2006)
Hybrid vehicle systems
JR712E Rear wheel drive; 7-speed Hybrid vehicle. 3.5L V6 Engine Infiniti Q50
CVT 8 for Serena S Hybrid (Mild hybrid) 2013
CVT 8 Hybrid for Nissan Pathfinder Hybrid 2014 and Infiniti QX60 Hybrid 2014-2018
CVT 8 Hybrid for Nissan X-Trail 2015
References
See also
Jatco
Nissan
Jatco transmissions | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Jatco%20transmissions |
The Jatco 3N71 transmission was the first 3-speed automatic transmission from Nissan. It was an introduced as a conventional alternative to the then-ubiquitous and popular Borg-Warner Type 35. It was designed for use with rear wheel drive vehicles with longitudinal engines. In 1982, it gained a locking torque converter (L3N71b) for greater efficiency, and gained an overdrive section in 1983 (L4N71b), culminating with preliminary electronic sensors and control functions being added in 1985 (E4N71b).
Applications:
1969–1971 Nissan 576
1971–1978 Mazda 616
1971–1972 Mazda R100
1971–1973 Mazda Mizer
1971–1973 Datsun 240Z
1971–1974 Mazda RX-2
1972–1976 Mazda 818
1972–1977 Mazda 808
1972–1979 Datsun 620
1972–1982 Nissan 180B
1972–1982 Nissan 200L
1972–1982 Datsun 240C
1972–1982 Datsun 260C
1972–1977 Mazda RX-3
1973–1982 Ford Courier
1974–1978 Mazda RX-4
1974–1979 Datsun 260Z
1975–1978 Datsun 280Z
1975–1977 Mazda Roadpacer
1976–1978 Mazda Cosmo
1977–1980 Mercury Monarch
1977–1983 Mazda GLC
1978–1982 Mazda Montrose
1979–1986 Datsun 720
1980–1982 Mazda 626
1980–1983 Nissan 200SX
1980–1983 Datsun 280ZX
1980–1982 Nissan Maxima
1980–1983 Mazda RX-7
1982–1985 Mazda Pickup
1986–1987 Nissan Pathfinder
1986–1987 Nissan Pickup
1986–1993 Mazda Pickup
See also
List of Jatco transmissions
3N71 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jatco%203N71%20transmission |
The Wildhearts Must Be Destroyed is a 2003 album by The Wildhearts. The album's title makes reference to 1969 horror film Frankenstein Must Be Destroyed.
The album was the first new studio release since The Wildhearts broke up in 1997 and reformed in 2001. Rumours indicated that the album would feature the same line-up as the 1993 album Earth vs the Wildhearts, and that line-up did indeed reform in 2001, but bassist Danny McCormack dropped out and entered rehab just prior to the recording of the album. McCormack had appeared on some songs that would be used as B-sides for the album, but on the album itself bass duties were performed by group leader Ginger. Three singles were released in the UK with some chart success: "Vanilla Radio", "So into You" and "Top of the World". The B-sides from various versions of these singles later appeared on the compilations Riff After Riff After Motherfucking Riff and Coupled With.
Reception
Track listing
All tracks written by Ginger unless noted otherwise.
Personnel
Ginger - vocals, guitar, bass
C. J. - guitar, vocals
Stidi - drums
Justin Hawkins - backing vocals on "Only Love" and "Get Your Groove On"
References
The Wildhearts albums
2003 albums
Gut Records albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Wildhearts%20Must%20Be%20Destroyed |
Roman Mrázek (born January 21, 1962 in Sokolov) is a race walker who represented Czechoslovakia and later Slovakia. He represented his former nation at the 1988 Summer Olympics and the 1992 Summer Olympics, before competing for Slovakia at the 1996 Summer Olympics.
International competitions
References
1962 births
Living people
People from Sokolov
Slovak male racewalkers
Czechoslovak male racewalkers
Olympic athletes for Czechoslovakia
Athletes (track and field) at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes for Slovakia
Athletes (track and field) at the 1996 Summer Olympics
World Athletics Championships athletes for Czechoslovakia
World Athletics Championships athletes for Slovakia
World Athletics Indoor Championships medalists
Competitors at the 1984 Friendship Games | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%20Mr%C3%A1zek |
The first American film version of William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet was a silent film short made in 1908 made by Vitagraph Studios. Directed by J. Stuart Blackton, it was filmed at Bethesda Terrace in Manhattan, New York.
The film starred Paul Panzer as Romeo and Florence Lawrence as Juliet.
It is now considered lost.
Plot summary
Cast
Paul Panzer - Romeo
Florence Lawrence - Juliet
John G. Adolfi - Tybalt
Josephine Atkinson - Bit
Louise Carver - Nurse
Charles Chapman - Montague
Gladys Hulette -
Charles Kent - Capulet
William V. Ranous - Friar Lawrence
William Shea - Peter
Harry Solter
Florence Turner
References
External links
1908 films
American silent short films
Films based on Romeo and Juliet
American black-and-white films
Films directed by J. Stuart Blackton
Vitagraph Studios short films
Lost American films
1900s American films
Silent horror films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Romeo%20and%20Juliet%20%281908%20film%29 |
In oceanic biogeochemistry, the f-ratio is the fraction of total primary production fuelled by nitrate (as opposed to that fuelled by other nitrogen compounds such as ammonium). The ratio was originally defined by Richard Eppley and Bruce Peterson in one of the first papers estimating global oceanic production. This fraction was originally believed significant because it appeared to directly relate to the sinking (export) flux of organic marine snow from the surface ocean by the biological pump. However, this interpretation relied on the assumption of a strong depth-partitioning of a parallel process, nitrification, that more recent measurements has questioned.
Overview
Gravitational sinking of organisms (or the remains of organisms) transfers particulate organic carbon from the surface waters of the ocean to its deep interior. This process is known as the biological pump, and quantifying it is of interest to scientists because it is an important aspect of the Earth's carbon cycle. Essentially, this is because carbon transported to the deep ocean is isolated from the atmosphere, allowing the ocean to act as a reservoir of carbon. This biological mechanism is accompanied by a physico-chemical mechanism known as the solubility pump which also acts to transfer carbon to the ocean's deep interior.
Measuring the flux of sinking material (so-called marine snow) is usually done by deploying sediment traps which intercept and store material as it sinks down the water column. However, this is a relatively difficult process, since traps can be awkward to deploy or recover, and they must be left in situ over a long period to integrate the sinking flux. Furthermore, they are known to experience biases and to integrate horizontal as well as vertical fluxes because of water currents. For this reason, scientists are interested in ocean properties that can be more easily measured, and that act as a proxy for the sinking flux. The f-ratio is one such proxy.
"New" and "regenerated" production
Bio-available nitrogen occurs in the ocean in several forms, including simple ionic forms such as nitrate (NO3−), nitrite (NO2−) and ammonium (NH4+), and more complex organic forms such as urea ((NH2)2CO). These forms are used by autotrophic phytoplankton to synthesise organic molecules such as amino acids (the building blocks of proteins). Grazing of phytoplankton by zooplankton and larger organisms transfers this organic nitrogen up the food chain and throughout the marine food-web.
When nitrogenous organic molecules are ultimately metabolised by organisms, they are returned to the water column as ammonium (or more complex molecules that are then metabolised to ammonium). This is known as regeneration, since the ammonium can be used by phytoplankton, and again enter the food-web. Primary production fuelled by ammonium in this way is thus referred to as regenerated production.
However, ammonium can also be oxidised to nitrate (via nitrite), by the process of nitrification. This is performed by different bacteria in two stages :
NH3 + O2 → NO2− + 3H+ + 2e−
NO2− + H2O → NO3− + 2H+ + 2e−
Crucially, this process is believed to only occur in the absence of light (or as some other function of depth). In the ocean, this leads to a vertical separation of nitrification from primary production, and confines it to the aphotic zone. This leads to the situation whereby any nitrate in the water column must be from the aphotic zone, and must have originated from organic material transported there by sinking. Primary production fuelled by nitrate is, therefore, making use of a "fresh" nutrient source rather than a regenerated one. Production by nitrate is thus referred to as new production.
The figure at the head of this section illustrates this. Nitrate and ammonium are taken up by primary producers, processed through the food-web, and then regenerated as ammonium. Some of this return flux is released into the surface ocean (where it is available again for uptake), while some is returned at depth. The ammonium returned at depth is nitrified to nitrate, and ultimately mixed or upwelled into the surface ocean to repeat the cycle.
Consequently, the significance of new production lies in its connection to sinking material. At equilibrium, the export flux of organic material sinking into the aphotic zone is balanced by the upward flux of nitrate. By measuring how much nitrate is consumed by primary production, relative to that of regenerated ammonium, one should be able to estimate the export flux indirectly.
As an aside, the f-ratio can also reveal important aspects of local ecosystem function. High f-ratio values are typically associated with productive ecosystems dominated by large, eukaryotic phytoplankton (such as diatoms) that are grazed by large zooplankton (and, in turn, by larger organisms such as fish). By contrast, low f-ratio values are generally associated with low biomass, oligotrophic food webs consisting of small, prokaryotic phytoplankton (such as Prochlorococcus) which are kept in check by microzooplankton.
Assumptions
A fundamental assumption in this interpretation of the f-ratio is the spatial separation of primary production and nitrification. Indeed, in their original paper, Eppley & Peterson noted that: "To relate new production to export requires that nitrification in the euphotic zone be negligible." However, subsequent observational work on the distribution of nitrification has found that nitrification can occur at shallower depths, and even within the photic zone.
As the adjacent diagram shows, if ammonium is indeed nitrified to nitrate in the ocean's surface waters it essentially "short circuits" the deep pathway of nitrate. In practice, this would lead to an overestimation of new production and a higher f-ratio, since some of the ostensibly new production would actually be fuelled by recently nitrified nitrate that had never left the surface ocean. After including nitrification measurements in its parameterisation, an ecosystem model of the oligotrophic subtropical gyre region (specifically the BATS site) found that, on an annual basis, around 40% of surface nitrate was recently nitrified (rising to almost 90% during summer). A further study synthesising geographically diverse nitrification measurements found high variability but no relationship with depth, and applied this in a global-scale model to estimate that up to a half of surface nitrate is supplied by surface nitrification rather than upwelling.
Although measurements of the rate of nitrification are still relatively rare, they do suggest that the f-ratio is not as straightforward a proxy for the biological pump as was once thought. For this reason, some workers have proposed distinguishing between the f-ratio and the ratio of particulate export to primary production, which they term the pe-ratio. While quantitatively different from the f-ratio, the pe-ratio shows similar qualitative variation between high productivity/high biomass/high export regimes and low productivity/low biomass/low export regimes.
In addition, a further process that potentially complicates the use of the f-ratio to estimate "new" and "regenerated" production is dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium (DNRA). In low oxygen environments, such as oxygen minimum zones and seafloor sediments, chemoorganoheterotrophic microbes use nitrate as an electron acceptor for respiration, reducing it to nitrite, then to ammonium. Since, like nitrification, DNRA alters the balance in the availability of nitrate and ammonium, it has the potential to introduce inaccuracy to the calculated f-ratio. However, as DNRA's occurrence is limited to anaerobic situations, its importance is less widespread than nitrification, although it can occur in association with primary producers.
See also
Marine snow
Biological pump
References
Aquatic ecology
Biological oceanography
Chemical oceanography
Nitrates
Systems ecology
Biogeochemistry | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F-ratio%20%28oceanography%29 |
The 4N71 was a 4-speed automatic transmission from Nissan Motors. It was available as either a light-duty ("L4N71B") or medium-duty ("E4N71B") unit for rear wheel drive vehicles with longitudinal engines. The latter used an electronically controlled lock up torque converter.
Applications:
L4N71B
Applications:
1983–1984 Nissan Maxima
1984–1988 Nissan 200SX
1984–1989 Dodge/Chrysler Conquest
1984–1986 Plymouth Conquest
1984–1988 Mazda RX-7
1984–1989 Mitsubishi Starion
1986–1989 Nissan Pathfinder
1986–1989 Mazda Pickup
1986–1989 Nissan Pickup
1986–1990 Nissan Pintara
1987–1990 Nissan Van
1990–1993 Mazda Pickup
1991–1997 Mazda Miata
E4N71B
Applications:
1984–1989 Nissan 300ZX
1984–1989 Dodge/Chrysler Conquest
1986–1990 Nissan Skyline
1986–1988 Holden Commodore (VL), 3.0-liter models
1987–1988 Nissan 200SX
1984–1986 Nissan Laurel
1986–1987 Nissan Pick Up
1989–1995 Mazda MPV
1988– 1996 London Taxi Fairway and Fairway Driver
See also
List of Jatco transmissions
References
R31 Skyline Club's transmission specifications page
4N71 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jatco%204N71%20transmission |
Pavol Blažek (born 9 July 1958) is a retired race walker, who represented Czechoslovakia and later Slovakia in the Olympic Games. He was born in Trnava.
International competitions
References
External links
1958 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Trnava
Slovak male racewalkers
Czechoslovak male racewalkers
Olympic athletes for Czechoslovakia
Athletes (track and field) at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes for Slovakia
Athletes (track and field) at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1996 Summer Olympics
European Athletics Championships medalists
World Athletics Championships athletes for Slovakia
World Athletics Championships athletes for Czechoslovakia
World record setters in athletics (track and field)
Competitors at the 1984 Friendship Games | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pavol%20Bla%C5%BEek |
Hadero Lake () is located in Thatta District, Sindh. It is an important brackish wetland, where waterfowl occur. It was declared wildlife sanctuary for the protection of migratory and resident birds.
Hadero Lake is a natural lake in a shallow depression. It has a surface area of and is located on the edge of a stony desert, about 85 km to the east of Karachi.
It is considered one of the favourite lakes of ornithologist. Among the fauna except than fishes, waterfowl occur in large numbers and include swans, storks, cranes and feeding flocks of pelicans. Also waders and cormorants are common.
The lake was initially declared a Game Sanctuary under Section 15 of the West Pakistan Wildlife Protection Ordinance 1959 in 1971. In 1977 it was declared as Wildlife Sanctuary under a notification by Government of Sindh. At the time of declaration of the protected area local people were allowed to catch fish from lake, but do not have the right to disturb the birds in winter season. It was initially protected for shooting purpose in 1971 but keeping in view it potential and birds varieties ultimately it got the status of wildlife sanctuary. Because of its fish resources, local fishermen were allowed to catch fish for their livelihood.
The lake is owned by the Government. For regular monitoring of wetland resources, the Sindh Wildlife Department has provided a facility of residential quarters for sanctuary staff, which consists of one Sanctuary Assistant, and six Game Watchers.
See also
Hamal Lake
Haleji Lake
References
External links
https://archive.today/20130416091642/http://www.sindhwildlife.com.pk/protectedareas/haderolake.htm
Lakes of Sindh
Thatta District
Tourist attractions in Thatta | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hadero%20Lake |
The 4R01 was a 4-speed automatic transmission from Nissan's Jatco subsidiary for rear wheel drive vehicles with longitudinal engines.
Versions
RL4R01A
The RL4R01A is a hydraulic controlled unit for its main operation. Shift timing is based on throttle cable position and governor pressure. Its only electronic parts are two solenoids, one for the torque converter clutch, and the other for the manual overdrive cancel switch, but these do not affect the gears control and passing.
It is also called JR402 by Jatco.
RE4R01A
The RE4R01A (or Jatco JR402E ) is a fully electronic controlled unit.
It is also called JR402E by Jatco and R4A-EL by Mazda.
Despite the internals are mostly the same, valve bodies, cases and housings have some divergences with the RL4R01A.
RE4R01B
The RE4R01B is a RE4R01A with some little changes, like the valve body, filter, some solenoids and the band.
Like the RE4R01A, it is also called JR402E by Jatco.
Specifications
Main design
For its four forward gear ratios and reverse, the 4R01 uses five clutch, one band and two one-way clutch.
Strength
There are some versions stronger than others. These can be either RL4R01A or RE4R01A. The differences between these versions are the number of discs of the High clutch (4 to 5) and Forward clutch (5 to 8).
Gear ratios
Applications
RL4R01A
1998–2004 Nissan Frontier (D22)
1998–2004 KA24DE (Type A).
1990–1997 Nissan Hardbody Truck (D21)
1990–1997 KA24E (Type A).
1990–1995 Nissan Pathfinder (WD21)
1990–1995 KA24E (Type A).
RE4R01A
1992–1997 Infiniti J30
1990–1992 Infiniti M30
1997–2003 Infiniti QX4
1992–1995 Mazda 929
1989–1999 Mazda MPV
1990–1993 Mazda Pickup
1993–1996 Mazda RX-7
1989–1994 Nissan 240SX (S13)
1989–1990 KA24E (Type A).
1991–1994 KA24DE (Type A).
1995–1998 Nissan 240SX (S14)
1995–1998 KA24DE (Type A).
1990–1997 Nissan 300ZX Non-Turbo
1999–2004 Nissan Frontier (D22)
1999–2004 VG33E (Type A).
2001–2004 VG33ER (Type A).
1987–1999 Nissan Gloria
1990–1997 Nissan Hardbody Truck (D21)
1990–1995 VG30E 2WD (Type A).
1990–1995 VG30E 4WD (Type B).
1990–1995 Nissan Pathfinder (WD21)
1990–1995 VG30E 2WD (Type A).
1990–1995 VG30E 4WD (Type B).
1996–2004 Nissan Pathfinder (R50)
1996–2000 VG33E (Type A).
2001–2004 VQ35DE (Type A).
1996–1998 Nissan Skyline R33 GTS turbo
1996–2001 Nissan Stagea
2000–2004 Nissan Xterra
–1989 Nissan Van
RE4R01B
1992–2004 Nissan Skyline
References
RL4R01A ATSG manual, April 2004 edition
RE4R01A ATSG manual, March 2003 edition
Nissan Pathfinder (WD21) 1994 FSM
Nissan Frontier (D22) 1999 FSM
Nissan Hardbody Truck (D21) 1995 FSM
Nissan 240SX (S13) 1991 FSM
See also
List of Jatco transmissions
4R01 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jatco%204R01%20transmission |
Princess Salha bint Asem (born 14 June 1987 in Amman) is the daughter of Prince Asem bin Al Nayef and Princess Sana Asem.
Siblings
Siblings
Prince Nayef ben Asem (born 22 January 1998)
Princess Nejla bint Asem (born 9 May 1988)
Half-Siblings
Princess Yasmeen bint Asem (born 30 June 1975)
Princess Sara bint Asem (born 12 August 1978)
Princess Nour bint Asem (born 6 October 1982)
Education
Amman Baccalaureate School in Jordan
Princess Haya Education Centre in Amman, Jordan
Culver Academic School in Indiana, United States
St Clare's International School, Oxford in England (summer school)
University of Edinburgh, Scotland
Marriage
On 4 April 2011, Princess Salha married the Jordanian Mohammad Hashim Haj-Hassan at her father's house. The couple have a girl named Aisha (born 27 May 2013) and two boys named Hashim (born 1 December 2015) and Abdullah (born 3 September 2018).
References
1987 births
House of Hashim
People from Amman
Living people
Jordanian princesses
People educated at St. Clare's, Oxford
People educated at Amman Baccalaureate School
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess%20Salha%20bint%20Asem |
Save Yourself is the debut album by Scottish pop rock band Speedway. It reached No. 42 on the UK Albums Chart.
Track listing
References
2004 debut albums
Speedway (band) albums
Innocent Records albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Save%20Yourself%20%28Speedway%20album%29 |
The Dubai Ports World controversy began in February 2006 and rose to prominence as a national security debate in the United States. At issue was the sale of port management businesses in six major U.S. seaports to a company based in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), and whether such a sale would compromise port security.
The controversy pertained to management contracts of six major United States ports. The purchaser was DP World (DPW), a state-owned company in the UAE. The contracts had already been foreign-owned, by Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company (P&O), a British firm taken over by DPW (completed in March 2006). Although the sale was approved by the executive branch of the United States Government, various United States political figures argued that the takeover would compromise U.S. port security.
U.S. President George W. Bush argued vigorously for the approval of the deal, claiming that the delay sends the wrong message to U.S. allies. Legislation was introduced to the United States Congress to delay the sale. On March 8, 2006, the United States House Committee on Appropriations voted 62–2 to block the deal. Despite President Bush's previous intention to veto the legislation, DP World announced on March 9, 2006 that they will drop the deal and transfer operations to a U.S. entity to defuse the situation. Dubai Ports World eventually sold P&O's American operations to American International Group's asset management division, Global Investment Group, for an undisclosed sum. The company is now known as Ports America.
Background
DP World is a company owned by the government of Dubai in the United Arab Emirates, via a holding company. This holding company is under the direct control of the Ruler of Dubai, Sheikh Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum, who is also Vice President and Prime Minister of the UAE.
Chronology
In mid-October 2005, DP World approached the Committee on Foreign Investment in the United States (CFIUS) to clear regulatory hurdles for a possible acquisition of the British firm P&O. The CFIUS is the multi-agency federal panel that passes judgment on deals with foreign corporations that raise antitrust or national security questions. Soon after, DPW began negotiating the terms of the takeover with P&O. They were advised by former President Bill Clinton to submit to a 45-day review of the acquisition.
In December 2005, Coast Guard intelligence officials raised the possibility of significant security risks associated with the management of some U.S. port operations by a Dubai company, stating in a report that broad intelligence gaps prevented them from assessing the risks.
In February 2006, the stockholders of the Peninsular and Oriental Steam Navigation Company (P&O), a British firm, agreed to a sale of that company to DPW over a bid by PSA International of Singapore. As part of the sale, DPW would assume the leases of P&O to manage major U.S. facilities at the Port of New York and New Jersey, Port of Philadelphia, Port of Baltimore, Port of New Orleans, and the Port of Miami, as well as operations in 16 other ports.
After P&O stockholders approved the deal, the arrangement was reviewed by the CFIUS headed by the U.S. Treasury Department. The transfer of leases was approved.
When the deal appeared in the business press, it was noticed by Eller & Company, a Florida firm. Eller has two joint ventures with P&O and it feared becoming an "involuntary partner of DP World," said Michael Kreitzer, Eller's lawyer. According to Kreitzer, Eller hired semi-retired lobbyist Joe Muldoon as a last-ditch effort to persuade Congress to block the deal. Soon, Muldoon and Kreitzer got the attention of Democratic New York Senator Charles E. Schumer and an Associated Press reporter. Within days, Schumer held a press conference calling for a review and the AP ran the story nationally.
Congressional politicians were quick to respond after Schumer's press conference and the AP story put the Dubai Ports deal in the national spotlight. Both Democratic and Republican members of Congress started to question the approval. Republican leaders Dennis Hastert and Bill Frist, who usually work closely with the office of the President, publicly questioned the deal. Frist said "If the administration cannot delay the process, I plan on introducing legislation to ensure that the deal is placed on hold until this decision gets a more thorough review."
On February 22, 2006, President Bush threatened to veto any legislation passed by Congress to block the deal, a veto that would be his first. In a statement to reporters, Bush claimed, "It would send a terrible signal to friends and allies not to let this transaction go through." DP Worlds Chief Operating Officer, Ted Bilkey engaged a number of high-profile lobbying firms to garner congressional support for the deal.
The controversy created a public and unusually high-profile dispute within the Republican Party, and between the Republican-controlled Congress and the Republican-controlled White House.
On February 23, 2006, DPW volunteered to postpone its takeover of significant operations at the ports to give the White House more time to convince lawmakers that the deal poses no increased risks from terrorism.
According to the website of P&O Ports, the port-operations subsidiary of P&O, DPW would take over stevedore services at 12 East Coast ports including the Port of Portland (Maine); Port of Boston; Port of Davisville; New York City; Port Newark; Port of Philadelphia; Port of Camden; Port of Wilmington; Port of Baltimore; and Virginia locations at Newport News, Norfolk, and Portsmouth.
Additionally, DPW would have taken over P&O stevedoring operations at nine ports along the Gulf of Mexico including the Texas ports of Beaumont, Port Arthur, Galveston, Houston, Freeport, and Corpus Christi, as well as the Louisiana ports of Lake Charles and New Orleans.
Former Senate Majority Leader and 1996 Republican presidential candidate Bob Dole was hired by Dubai Ports World to lobby Congress on its behalf against bipartisan criticism of the deal. Mr. Dole was a special counsel in the Washington office of the law firm of Alston & Bird. DP World hired the firm in 2005 to help shepherd its purchase of the British-based firm P&O.
On March 8, 2006, the House Panel voted 62–2 to block the deal, and Senator Charles Schumer added amendments to a Senate bill to block the deal, causing an uproar in the Senate.
On March 9, 2006, Dubai Ports World released a statement saying they would turn over operation of U.S. ports to a U.S. "Entity". Later that same day, American Enterprise Institute scholar Norm Ornstein reported on PBS's "News Hour" that DP World was considering selling its U.S. operations to Halliburton.
Dubai Ports World eventually sold P&O's American operations to American International Group's asset management division, Global Investment Group for an undisclosed sum. The company is now known as Ports America. In New Jersey, it operates as Port Newark Container Terminal (PNCT). Highstar Capital is shopping the company. In 2017, a Turkish company sought to buy Ports America, which would bring it full circle to 2006.
Opinions and comments
According to Bill Gertz, author of Breakdown: How America's Intelligence Failures Led to September 11:
Intelligence and security officials opposed to the deal with Dubai Ports World said ports are vulnerable to the entry of terrorists or illicit weapons because of the large number of containers that enter U.S. territory, regardless of who manages them.
Frank Gaffney, president of the Center for Security Policy wrote:
Susan Collins, Republican Senator from Maine (and Homeland Security Committee chairwoman at the time) wrote:
After the DP World announced its decision to transfer the U.S. port operations to a U.S. entity, the BBC quoted Daniel T. Griswold, director of the Cato Institute's Center for Trade Policy Studies, as saying that the affair would "send a chilling signal":
Opposition
The objections to approving the sale centered on arguments about who controls U.S. ports, especially after the September 11, 2001 attacks. Some opposed to the sale have argued that no foreign government should be permitted to own such strategic assets while others argue that port security should remain in the hands of American firms under American control at the very least. Few had offered similar objections to the P&O's ownership, until the proposed DPW takeover brought attention to the situation. Over 80 percent of the terminals in the USA are already controlled by foreign owners.
Those who expressed opposition to the deal included: The New York Times, Michael Savage, Lindsey Graham, The New Republic, The John Birch Society, Sean Hannity, Lou Dobbs, Laura Ingraham, Bill Frist, and Hillary Clinton, as well as prominent politicians from two different parties, Bob Menendez and John Gibson. Then-Senator Barack Obama stated his opposition to the deal. So did Senators Carl Levin and John Kerry.
The objections commonly raised in public discourse differ from those lodged by Eller & Company, the Florida firm responsible for bringing national attention to the deal. Eller has two joint ventures with P&O and it feared becoming an "involuntary partner of DP World". For them, business rather than security or concerns over the approval process were the overriding factors driving their lobbying efforts to sink the deal.
Several additional arguments have circulated among critics of the deal, including:
Review and approval of the acquisition by CFIUS was not sufficiently transparent and thorough, and never reached the proper level within the administration.
Personal ties between the Bush administration and DP World, such as the appointment of David C. Sanborn to the Transportation Department's Maritime Administration portray a conflict of interest.
Support
Editorial support for the deal came from publications including the Financial Times, The Wall Street Journal, the Los Angeles Times, The Washington Post, The Economist and commentators including Tony Snow, Thomas Friedman, and John Warner.
Former President Bill Clinton advised top United Arab Emirates officials on how to address growing U.S. concerns over the acquisition but later stated "He told them that he didn't know the details about the deal." In a press conference, his spokesman Jay Carson stated Clinton "felt that any ports deal should be subject to the full scrutiny process and should also take steps to make ports safer, not maintain the status quo." However, his wife Senator Clinton was publicly opposed to the deal. Clarified in the same interview: "Like Senator Clinton and many others, he is concerned about foreign state ownership of our ports, and, to this end, he is supportive of her legislation," Carson told CNN.
Former Senate Majority Leader and 1996 Republican presidential candidate Bob Dole was a special counsel in the Washington office of the law firm Alston & Bird. DP World hired the firm in 2005 to help shepherd its purchase of the British-based firm Peninsular and Oriental. His wife, North Carolina Republican Senator Elizabeth Dole, has also raised questions about the Dubai-based company. The chairman of the North Carolina Democratic Party, Jerry Meek, publicly called on Senator Dole to remove herself from "any congressional oversight" of the Dubai port deal and stated, "The fact that Dubai is paying her husband to help pass the deal presents both a financial and ethical conflict of interest for Senator Dole."
The Bush administration and other supporters of the deal made the following arguments:
The UAE has proven itself a strategic partner by allowing the U.S. military access to its land, ports and airspace for basing and operations in Iraq and Afghanistan;
The UAE has allied with the U.S. in the Global War On Terror;
Blocking the transfer of operating rights held by a British firm to an Arab firm appears discriminatory against Arabs;
Security would remain a government responsibility as always, and performed by the United States Coast Guard and U.S. Customs and Border Protection.
Israel's largest container shipping firm, Zim Integrated Shipping Services, came out in support of the deal.
"During our long association with DP World, we have not experienced a single security issue in these ports or in any of the terminals operated by DP World... We are proud to be associated with DP World and look forward to working with them into the future." Zim Integrated Shipping Services Chairman of the Board, and main shareholder, Idan Ofer, February 22, 2006.
The controversy came shortly after the World Trade Organization's Doha Round of global trade talks. At which many member states called for the U.S. to open up its ports to international competition, in the same way that other industrialized nations have pushed poorer countries into opening up their service sectors (e.g. water, telecoms, etc.)
Aftermath
In 2018, another UAE-based port operator, Gulftainer, won 50-year exclusive rights to operate and develop a port in the U.S. state of Delaware. The deal was seen as a breakthrough in UAE–US business relationships and that the "tide has turned" for UAE investors who wish to invest in the U.S.
See also
List of North American ports
United States Coast Guard – Port and Waterways Security
Supply-chain security
References
External links
Security fears about infiltration by terrorists - Bill Gertz, Washington Times, February 22, 2006
UAE terminal takeover extends to 21 ports - UPI 2/24/2006
Dubai ports
The United States–UAE Bilateral Relationship
George W. Bush administration controversies
History of Dubai
2006 in the United Arab Emirates
2006 in the United States
United Arab Emirates–United States relations
2000s in Dubai | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dubai%20Ports%20World%20controversy |
The Book of Sui (Suí Shū) is the official history of the Sui dynasty, which ruled China in the years AD 581–618. It ranks among the official Twenty-Four Histories of imperial China. It was written by Yan Shigu, Kong Yingda, and Zhangsun Wuji, with Wei Zheng as the lead author. In the third year of Zhenguan of the Tang dynasty (629), Emperor Taizong of Tang ordered Fang Xuanling to supervise the completion of the Book of Sui, which was being compiled around the same time as other official histories were being written. The Book of Sui was completed in 636 AD, the same year as the Book of Chen was completed.
Contents
The format used in the text follows the composite historical biography format (斷代紀傳體) established by Ban Gu in the Book of the Later Han with three sections: annals (紀), treatises (志), and biographies (傳). The extensive set of 30 treatises, sometimes translated as "monographs", in the Book of Sui was completed by a separate set of authors and added in 656 – 20 years after the original text was completed. The treatises cover the Liang, Chen, Northern Qi, and Northern Zhou dynasties in addition to the Sui. In addition to the Book of Liang and Book of Chen, the Book of Sui is an essential source of information on the subjects covered for those dynasties. The treatises on classics (經籍) are especially important because the Book of Sui is the only standard history including such a section since the Book of Han and contains essential bibliographical information for the period from the Later Han (25–220) to the Sui dynasty. The treatises were initially circulated as a separate set titled "Treatises of the History of the Five Dynasties" (五代史志).
Annals (帝紀)
Treatises (志)
Biographies (列傳)
References
Citations
Sources
Works cited
External links
Book of Sui 《隋書》 Chinese text with matching English vocabulary
7th-century history books
History books about the Sui dynasty
Tang dynasty literature
Twenty-Four Histories
7th-century Chinese books | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Book%20of%20Sui |
"Home Ain't Where His Heart Is (Anymore)" is a song co-written and recorded by Canadian country music artist Shania Twain. It was released on July 24, 1996 as the seventh single from her second studio album The Woman in Me. It was written by Twain and her then-husband Robert John "Mutt" Lange. It also serves as the opening track to The Woman in Me.
The song became the first from The Woman in Me not to reach the top 20 of the US Hot Country Songs and was the first single to miss the number one spot on the Canadian RPM Country Songs Chart. "Home Ain't Where His Heart Is (Anymore)" was also included in a medley on Twain's Come on Over Tour.
Critical reception
Billboard reviewed the song favorably, calling it a "powerfully affecting ballad" and praising Twain's "sensitive treatment."
Music video
The music video for "Home Ain't Where His Heart Is" was shot in Montreal, Quebec and directed by Steven Goldmann. It was filmed on July 9, 1996 and debuted on July 24, 1996 on CMT. The video features Twain as a struggling wife and mother, and shows the hard times she is going through as described in the song especially as her husband leaves her and their young baby near the end. The set consisting of a kitchen and bedroom has the walls only partially built with bricks surrounded by trees and curtains, with a rain scene near the end depicting Twain's crumbling relationship with her husband. The video is shot in black and white with occasional tinted shots and is available on Twain's DVD The Platinum Collection.
Chart performance
"Home Ain't Where His Heart Is (Anymore)" debuted on the Billboard Hot Country Singles & Tracks chart the week of August 10, 1996 at number 66. The song spent 14 weeks on the chart and climbed to a peak position of number 28 on October 5, 1996, where it remained for one week. The single became Twain's first from The Woman in Me to miss the top 20.
Prior to "Home Ain't Where His Heart Is (Anymore)", all six previous singles from The Woman in Me went number one on the Canadian RPM Country Songs chart, with "(If You're Not in It for Love) I'm Outta Here!" spending the most weeks with six consecutive weeks. "Home Ain't Where His Heart Is (Anymore)" broke the streak by peaking at number 7. It not only became the lowest peaking single from The Woman in Me, but also became Shania's lowest peaking single since 1993's "Dance with the One That Brought You", which had only reached number 77.
Official versions
Album Version (4:12)
Radio Edit (3:59)
Charts
Year-end charts
Notes
1996 singles
1996 songs
Shania Twain songs
Songs written by Robert John "Mutt" Lange
Song recordings produced by Robert John "Mutt" Lange
Country ballads
Songs written by Shania Twain
Mercury Records singles
Mercury Nashville singles
Music videos directed by Steven Goldmann
PolyGram singles | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Home%20Ain%27t%20Where%20His%20Heart%20Is%20%28Anymore%29 |
Kimberly Ann Pressler (born May 21, 1977) is an American sports reporter, businesswoman, model, and former Miss USA who currently works for FOX on Professional Bowlers Association (PBA) telecasts. Ms. Pressler has been featured in People Magazine, TIME, and voted one of Stuff Magazine.’s “101 Sexiest Women in the World.”
Additionally, Pressler is also Chief Financial Officer (CFO) of Dane Herron Industries, an award-winning, California-based company that specializes in the construction of dirt bike parks, skateparks, track building, event production and stunt coordinating, worldwide.
Early life
Pressler was born in Las Vegas, Nevada to Staff Sergeant Stan Pressler (Air-Force, Retired) and homemaker Michelle Pressler (Kulczyk). While Ms. Pressler's father was an active airman; she spent her early childhood living the military life in Nevada, California, and Germany before ultimately residing in Western New York where Kimberly completed her schooling, graduating from Ten Broeck Academy of Franklinville.
Kimberly continued her education attending Clarion University of Pennsylvania where she majored in international business before moving on to working full-time for the Department of Energy (DOE) at a nuclear facility in Upstate New York.
Pageant History
Miss New York Teen USA
Pressler captured her first state title in 1994 as Miss New York Teen USA and went on to represent her state the following August in the nationally televised Miss Teen USA pageant.
Miss New York USA
In November 1998, Kimberly was crowned Miss New York USA, one of only four women to seize both the Miss New York Teen USA and Miss New York USA titles in both pageants’ histories.
Miss USA
The following February (1999), Pressler competed at Miss USA 1999, held in Branson, Missouri. There, she became only the fourth woman from her state to win the Miss USA title, beating press favorites Miss Tennessee USA Morgan Tandy High (the eventual 1st runner-up) and Miss California USA Angelique Breaux.
As Miss USA, Kimberly Pressler was an official spokesperson for Breast and Ovarian Cancer Research and helped raise millions for the cause while working closely with the Carol M. Baldwin Research Foundation.
Miss Universe
In May 1999, Pressler represented the US at Miss Universe 1999, held in Trinidad and Tobago., however, she was unplaced. Officially ending the USA's 22-year streak in 1977 to 1998.
Post pageant involvement
Pressler hosted the Miss Massachusetts USA, and Miss Massachusetts Teen USA pageants and regularly judges state pageants for the Miss USA & Miss Teen USA systems. In December 2012, Kimberly was amongst the judges that nominated Erin Brady from East Hampton, Connecticut as Miss Connecticut USA 2013. In June 2013 Erin went on to win the national title of Miss USA 2013.
Television
Within a month of completing her reign as Miss USA, Ms. Pressler was hired by MTV Network’s "Senseless Acts of Video" where she not only hosted, but performed stunts for three seasons while she was part of the wildly popular show. During her two years with MTV Networks, she also hosted numerous other shows including TRL, "Fast and Famous" and "Becoming". Kimberly was hired by NBC to host "Adrenaline X", an hour long series about extreme sports. Since that time the series has been syndicated worldwide.
From 2004 to 2006 Kimberly hosted and pit reported for both the "WPSA ATV Championships" on ESPN as well as the "WPSA Snowcross Championships" on the SPEED Channel. In addition, Kimberly was the pit reporter/host for the "Red Bull X Fighters" world tour for three seasons (2006–08). She traveled throughout the world hosting the LIVE freestyle motocross competition that routinely brought in crowds of 40,000 fans.
In 2007, Pressler was heard reporting for the Summer X Games XIII for ESPN and ABC. In 2008, Kimberly had the honor of being the only female pit reporter to participate in all three X Games competitions held in the United States that year, beginning with the "Winter X Games" in Aspen, Colorado, "NAVY Moto X Championships" in San Diego, California and again for the "Summer X Games" in Los Angeles. Kimberly can even be seen reporting in ESPN’s theatrically released movie X GAMES 3D. Kimberly reported for X Games until the end of 2008, before departing on maternity leave.
In early 2009, Kimberly was brought on as the host of the "ACIS Fitness National Championships" for FOX College Sports. She again was asked to host/pit report for the "Red Bull X Fighters" world tour in Texas for ABC Sports. In mid-2009 Kimberly was also the pit reporter for ESPN2 and ABC’s Traxxas TORC Series off-road racing coverage. That same year, Ms. Pressler was heard co-hosting the onsite coverage of the Red Bull New Year No Limits LIVE, when Travis Pastrana jumped from the Long Beach Pier onto a moving barge in front of 75,000 on-lookers. This was the second time Kimberly had taken part in a Red Bull New Year's Eve event, the previous time in 2007.
In 2010, Ms. Pressler signed on to host Truck Academy on the Outdoor Channel for one season. Upon completion of that series Kimberly became the laneside reporter for the Professional Bowlers Association (PBA) on ESPN, making her debut at the 2010 World Series of Bowling. She has remained in this role through the 2018 PBA season on ESPN. In August, 2018, the PBA announced that Pressler will continue as laneside reporter when the PBA Tour coverage moves to Fox Sports for the 2019 season.
In June 2013, Ms. Pressler was seen covering the Red Bull X Fighters World Tour Series, live from Osaka, Japan on FUEL TV, J Sports 3 in Japan.
References
1977 births
American chief financial officers
Living people
1994 beauty pageant contestants
20th-century Miss Teen USA delegates
Miss Universe 1999 contestants
Miss USA 1999 delegates
Miss USA winners
People from Franklinville, New York
Women chief financial officers
20th-century American people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kimberly%20Pressler |
Liuqiu or Lewchew was a realm said to have existed in the East China Sea. During the 18th and 19th centuries, it was referred to as Liukiu in English; and, Lieou-kieou in French. Referenced in various historical Chinese texts such as the Book of Sui, it is variously identified with Taiwan Island, the Penghu Islands (Pescadore Islands), and the Ryukyu Islands.
While this small independent monarchy of seafaring traders was similar to the settlements found in Japan's southern islands, its culture was more strongly influenced by the Mainland Chinese.
Book of Sui
A detailed description of an island kingdom called "Liuqiu" may be found in the Book of Sui. The Book of Sui places the report on Liuqiu second to last within the chapter on "Eastern Barbarians" (Dongyi), following the report on Mohe and preceding the report on Wa (Japan). The text describes the territory of Liuqiu and its people as follows:
"The country of Liuqiu is situated amidst islands in the sea, in a location that should be east of Jian'an County, to which one may arrive with five days' travel by water. The land has many caves. Its king's clan name is Huansi, and his given name is Keladou; it is not known how many generations have passed since he and his have come to possess the country. The people of that land call him Kelaoyang, and for his wife, [they] say Duobatu. His place of residence they call Boluotan Grotto, with threefold moats and fences; the perimeter has flowing water, trees and briars as barriers. As for the domicile of the king, it is sixteen rooms large, and engraved with carvings of birds and beasts. There are many Doulou trees, which resemble the orange but with foliage that is dense. The country has four or five chiefs, who unite several villages under their rule; the villages have [their own] little kings."
"The people have deep eyes and long noses, seeming to be rather akin to the Hu, and also having petty cleverness. There is no observance of hierarchy of ruler and minister nor the rite of prostrating oneself with one's palms pressed together. Fathers and children sleep together in the same bed. The men pluck out their whiskers and beards, and any place on their bodies where they happen to have hair, they will also remove it. The adult women use ink to tattoo their hands in the design of insects and serpents. As for marriage, they use wine, delicacies, pearls and shells to arrange a betrothal; if a man and a woman have found pleasure in each other, then they get married."
Identification
There is no scholarly consensus on what specific territory "Liuqiu" refers to in the Book of Sui and History of Yuan. Chang Biyu notes that "Some scholars believe that the record of 'Liuqiu' referred to the Liuqiu Island near Taiwan, while some say it was a reference to what are now the Ryukyu Islands ... and others suggest that it was a general term referring to islands in the East China Sea and nearby waters".
In Japanese and Western scholarship, however, it is often assumed that the Book of Sui referred directly to what would later become the Ryukyu Kingdom.
In his Daoyi Zhilüe (1349), Wang Dayuan clearly used "Liuqiu" as a name for Taiwan or the part of it near to Penghu. In Liuqui Guo Zhilue, it was identified as Ryukyu with specific reference to an island of Gumishan (Kume Island) ruled by a Gumi chief. This text also described this area around 1644 as under strict control of the Japanese shogunate - which is true for the Ryukyu Kingdom (See Invasion of Ryukyu).
Legacy
In later works, the name refers to the Ryukyu Islands in general or Okinawa, the largest of them. After Shō Hashi unified the three kingdoms on Okinawa, the Xuande Emperor gave him the title "King of Liuqiu" in 1428. Indeed, the name "Ryukyu" is simply the Japanese form of Liúqiú. Early modern Chinese sources also specifically called Okinawa (the largest of the Ryukyus) as "Greater Liuqiu" and Taiwan Island as the "Lesser Liuqiu".
The name Liuqiu, in intermittent use since the Ming Dynasty, also remains the official name for Xiaoliuqiu Island southwest of Taiwan. There are sources that refer to Xiaoliuqiu (little Liuqiu) as the old Chinese name for Taiwan.
See also
Names of Ryukyu
Notes
References
Geographic history of China
Former countries in Chinese history
History of Taiwan
Ryukyuan history
East China Sea | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liuqiu%20%28medieval%29 |
Ellery Bop were a 1980s indie rock band with Liverpool and Irish roots.
Lineup
Jamie Farrell : vocalist/lead guitarist
Robbie Butcher : bass guitar
Kev Connolly : percussion
Mark Parry : drums
Career
The band toured infrequently (with Killing Joke) but recorded several sessions for the BBC with John Peel and Janice Long. A John Peel session was recorded live at the London I.C.A. The band claimed bands such as MC5, The Stooges, Ramones, Heartbreakers and The Clash as their influences.
Discography
Chart placings shown are from the UK Indie Chart.
Singles
"Hit the Moon" (June 1981)
"Ringing" (March 1982) (featuring; Ian Broudie of the Lightning Seeds on bass) (No. 46)
"We Deny" (November 1982)
Fire in Reflection EP (1983)
Torn Apart EP (1985)
"Ellery Bop - Torn Apart" (music video 1985)
References
English indie rock groups
Musical groups from Liverpool | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellery%20Bop |
The Bradford County Museum is a local history museum in Towanda, Bradford County, Pennsylvania. Located in the building which previously housed the Bradford County Jail, it is owned and operated by the Bradford County Historical Society, which has been in operation since 1870.
History
The museum offers two floors of exhibits in the former jail's cells related to county history from its early days to the present. Displays include early settler's household and farm equipment, area industry displays including coal mining and lumbering, medicine, glassware, transportation, textiles, a 1950s era jail cell and military objects.
The third floor features a genealogical and historical research library.
Programs
Museum staff and volunteers collaborate with other organizations across the region to assist the Towanda Area School District with the planning and implementation of its annual Summer Academy, which enables at-risk students within the school district in grades nine through twelve "to regain credits lost and/or to complete remaining graduation requirements." In 2019, the program's ninth year of operation, five out of seven students successfully completed the program, which is funded through the Educational Improvement Tax Credit that is sponsored by regional businesses including Citizens and Northern Bank, First Citizens Bank, and UPMC.
Location and hours of operation
The museum is located at 109 Pine Street in the center of downtown Towanda, Pennsylvania.
It is open between Memorial Day and Labor Day each year on Wednesdays, Thursdays and Fridays from 10 a.m. to 4 p.m., but is closed during the winter, except for specially-scheduled group tours.
References
External links
Bradford County Historical Society (website).
Bradford County Historical Society (Facebook page).
History museums in Pennsylvania
Museums in Bradford County, Pennsylvania
Prison museums in the United States
1998 establishments in Pennsylvania | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bradford%20County%20Museum |
G3: Rockin' in the Free World is a double live album by the G3 project that was recorded at The Uptown Theater in Kansas City, Missouri, United States, on October 21, 2003. The album featured the touring lineup of the project leader Joe Satriani, frequent member Steve Vai and guest guitarist Yngwie Malmsteen. A DVD of the same tour, but with a different track list, was released as G3: Live in Denver.
Track listing
Disc 1
Joe Satriani
All songs written by Joe Satriani.
"The Extremist" - 3:53
"Crystal Planet" - 4:41
"Always with Me, Always with You" - 4:16
"Midnight" - 3:05
"The Mystical Potato Head Groove Thing" - 5:31
Steve Vai
All songs written by Steve Vai.
"You're Here" - 3:33
"Reaping" - 7:05
"Whispering a Prayer" - 9:27
Yngwie Malmsteen
All songs written by Yngwie Malmsteen except where noted.
"Blitzkrieg" - 2:50
"Trilogy Suite Op.5, the First Movement" - 8:07
"Red House" (Jimi Hendrix) - 4:25
"Fugue (Concerto Suite for Electric Guitar and Orchestra in E Flat Minor Op.1)" - 3:37
"Finale" - 2:54
Disc 2
The G3 Jam
All songs written by Jimi Hendrix except where noted.
"Voodoo Child (Slight Return)" - 10:46
"Little Wing" - 6:08
"Rockin' in the Free World" (Neil Young) - 12:29
Personnel
Joe Satriani
Joe Satriani - lead guitar, vocals, keyboard
Galen Henson - rhythm guitar
Matt Bissonette - bass guitar
Jeff Campitelli - drums
Steve Vai
Steve Vai - lead guitar, vocals
Dave Weiner - rhythm guitar
Billy Sheehan - bass guitar
Tony MacAlpine - keyboards, lead guitar
Jeremy Colson - drums
Yngwie Malmsteen
Yngwie Malmsteen - lead guitar, vocals
Mick Cervino - bass guitar
Joakim Svalberg - keyboards
Patrick Johansson - drums
References
G3 (tour) albums
Steve Vai albums
Collaborative albums
Joe Satriani live albums
2004 live albums
Yngwie Malmsteen live albums
Epic Records live albums
Live rock albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G3%3A%20Rockin%27%20in%20the%20Free%20World |
Tino Boos (born April 10, 1975 in Düsseldorf, West Germany) is a former German professional ice hockey player. He most recently played with the Düsseldorfer EG of the Deutsche Eishockey Liga (DEL).
Playing career
Boos began his career with the Düsseldorfer EG in 1992/93, becoming German champion in the first year. In 1994, he then switched to the Kassel Huskies, because he did not get enough playing time in Düsseldorf. At the 1993 Under-18 European and the 1995 Junior World championship, however, he was one of the most important players for Germany. In 2000, he left Kassel and joined the Kölner Haie in Cologne. He has been the assistant captain for the Sharks since 2000.
Boos after the 06-07 season, was thinking about a move to an NHL team. With a pursuing contract, he looked to sign with the Buffalo Sabres or San Jose Sharks to be with fellow German player Marcel Goc but eventually stayed in Germany and played four seasons from the 07-08 season with the Hannover Scorpions.
Career statistics
Regular season and playoffs
International
References
External links
1975 births
DEG Metro Stars players
Düsseldorfer EG players
German ice hockey centres
Hannover Scorpions players
Ice hockey players at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Kassel Huskies players
Kölner Haie players
Living people
Olympic ice hockey players for Germany
Sportspeople from Düsseldorf | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tino%20Boos |
Kentucky is currently divided into six congressional districts, each represented by a member of the United States House of Representatives. The number of congressional districts has been set at six since the 1990 redistricting cycle.
Current districts and representatives
This is a list of members of the current Kentuckian House delegation, their terms, their district boundaries, and the district political ratings according to the Cook Partisan Voting Index (CPVI). The delegation has a total of six members, including five Republicans and one Democrat.
Historical and present district boundaries
Table of United States congressional district boundary maps in the State of Kentucky, presented chronologically. All redistricting events that took place in Kentucky between 1973 and 2013 are shown.
Obsolete districts
The following are former districts of Kentucky:
, obsolete since the 1990 census
, obsolete since the 1960 census
, obsolete since the 1950 census
, obsolete since the 1930 census
, obsolete since the 1930 census
, obsolete since the 1840 census
, obsolete since the 1840 census
, obsolete since 1935
See also
List of United States congressional districts
References
Politics of Kentucky | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentucky%27s%20congressional%20districts |
Live in San Francisco is a 2001 live album by instrumental rock solo artist Joe Satriani. Also available on DVD, including non-performance bonus footage (backstage, etc.).
Track listing
All songs by Joe Satriani except where noted.
Disc one
"Time" – 8:10
"Devil's Slide" – 4:44
"The Crush of Love" (Satriani, John Cuniberti) – 5:04
"Satch Boogie" – 5:28
"Borg Sex" – 5:28
"Flying in a Blue Dream" – 6:41
"Ice 9" – 4:54
"Cool #9" – 6:16
"Circles" – 4:20
"Until We Say Goodbye" – 5:36
"Ceremony" – 5:57
"The Extremist" – 3:39
"Summer Song" – 8:45
Disc two
"House Full of Bullets" – 6:55
"One Big Rush" – 4:06
"Raspberry Jam Delta-V" – 6:53
"Crystal Planet" – 6:02
"Love Thing" – 3:48
"Bass Solo" (Stuart Hamm) – 6:28
"The Mystical Potato Head Groove Thing" – 6:24
"Always with Me, Always with You" – 3:50
"Big Bad Moon" – 6:32
"Friends" – 4:07
"Surfing with the Alien" – 9:17
"Rubina" – 8:08
Personnel
Joe Satriani – Guitar, Harmonica, Vocals
Jeff Campitelli – Percussion and Drums
Stuart Hamm – Bass
Eric Caudieux – Keyboards and rhythm guitar
Charts
Certifications
References
Joe Satriani live albums
2001 live albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Live%20in%20San%20Francisco%20%28Joe%20Satriani%20album%29 |
Princess Sara bint Asem (born 12 August 1978 in Amman) is the daughter of Prince Asem bin Nayef and Firouzeh Vokhshouri. Her parents divorced in 1985 and in 1986 her father re-married Princess Sana Asem .
Marriage and children
On the 26th of June 2008 Princess Sara married a Spanish prince named Alejandro Garrido at her father's, Prince Asem bin Nayef, house in Amman, through a Nikah ceremony.
They have two children:
Talal Alejandro Garrido (born December 2008 in Spain)
Lola Alejandra Garrido (born December 2010 in Spain).
Family
Step Mother
Princess Sana Asem (born 16 November 1960)
Siblings
Princess Yasmine (born 30 June 1975).
Princess Noor (born 6 October 1982).
Half Siblings
Princess Salha (born 14 June 1987).
Princess Nejla (born 9 May 1988).
Prince Nayef (born 22 January 1998).
References
1978 births
House of Hashim
People from Amman
Living people
Jordanian princesses
Jordanian people of Iranian descent
People educated at Amman Baccalaureate School
Emerson College alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess%20Sara%20bint%20Asem |
Child Bride: The Untold Story of Priscilla Beaulieu Presley () is a book written by Suzanne Finstad in 1997. It is an account of Priscilla Presley's life which differs from her own account in her book, Elvis and Me.
Background
Published by Harmony Books, (1st First Edition), it painted Priscilla Presley in a rather negative light and described her as a "wild child" and "sexpot". The sources of this book are several people who knew Elvis Presley and Priscilla well, among them many friends from Priscilla's childhood and adolescence, Elvis's stepbrother Rick Stanley, Mike Edwards, Elvis's ex-girlfriends and the wives of the Memphis Mafia men. The author writes that Priscilla promised sexual favors in exchange for meeting Elvis with Currie Grant, a married, 27-year-old man who knew the singer, that she wasn't a virgin on her wedding night, as she and Elvis slept together on their second date.
The book also says that Priscilla didn't want to come to live with Elvis, but that her marriage was part of a mastermind for fame hatched by Priscilla and her mother and that she never loved Elvis. Her parents had forced Elvis to marry Priscilla against her will. It also describes the often dark side of their sensational marriage. Further, the author reveals the singer's kinky tastes and his constant demands on Priscilla's appearance.
Reaction
Finstad takes many quotes that Priscilla has made and calls them a web of lies that she has spun in publications such as Elvis and Me.
Priscilla Presley filed a lawsuit against Currie Grant for his claims in the book, stating in her action that his claims were fabrications. On August 19, 1998 Los Angeles Superior Court Judge Daniel Curry found defendant Currie Grant guilty of defamation and ordered him to pay $75,000. (Priscilla had sued for at least $10 million.) "I am very pleased that I have been vindicated by this judgment," she said in a statement. The Contra Costa Times of August 26, 1998 commented, "She didn't say if she was pleased with her winnings."
However, Suzanne Finstad and the publisher of the book weren't sued. Finstad and her publisher also say they stand by the account in the book.
References
1997 non-fiction books
Books about actors
Priscilla Presley | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Child%20Bride%3A%20The%20Untold%20Story%20of%20Priscilla%20Beaulieu%20Presley |
Platinum Underground is the fifth studio album by American rapper Vanilla Ice. Released on August 16, 2005, it is the rapper's third independent release, after Hooked and Bi-Polar. Allmusic reviewer Rob Theakston panned the album, writing that it "has more bad spots in it than most unless you are a diehard fan".
The title alludes to Ice's current tours playing to fans of underground music, in contrast to his history as an RIAA certified platinum artist. He followed up the album with 2011's W.T.F..
Production
Platinum Underground was the first Vanilla Ice album with original content released by Ultrax since 1994. Van Winkle was interested in using all the different genres he had experiences with in earlier albums, not focusing on marketing or trying to attract a certain audience. Songs like "Trailer Park Mullet Wars" and "Step Up or Shut Up" were a hybrid mix of different heavy metal sounds, while "Say Goodbye" and "Bounce" were new school hip hop. The rest of the album featured mixes of horrorcore, reggae and hardcore hip hop.
The name of the album was a reference to Van Winkle's underground hip hop status while still having a loyal fanbase and having gone Platinum in the past. Ultrax, with hopes of being able to sell the album to a mass audience released two versions of the album, one censored.
Music
"Step Up or Shut Up" was the first song to premiere of the album, originally played during Vanilla Ice's 2003 Metal Tour. "Detonator" and "O.K.S. - Original Killa Shit" were originally made for Bi-Polar, and they appeared on Platinum Underground without any alterations.
After appearing on the second season of The Surreal Life, Ice was more willing to accept his past after conversations with Tammy Faye Messner, who also appears on the album. With interest to re-visit the past, Ice re-recorded "Ice Ice Baby" in the style of how he performed it during his tours. After getting requests to do "Ninja Rap" live, Ice decided to make a song entitled "Ninja Rap 2" (also known as "Go Ninja Go") which was set to be a hardcore remix. Despite the name, the song has very little connections to Van Vinkle's original 1991 single, but rather stays true to Ice's current lyricism, where Ice talks about his appreciation to his fans, his love to perform at clubs and playing at the Gathering of the Juggalos with Insane Clown Posse. "Ninja Rap 2" was the first song to be released from Platinum Underground and was available to download for free off of Ice's official website.
The first single off the album; "Survivor" premiered on the NBC Television special Hit Me Baby One More Time which documented Vanilla Ice writing, producing and finally performing the song live for a cheering crowd in England. The chorus and hook was based on "Survivor" by Destiny's Child.
Most of the songs were produced by Ice himself with additional production by whatever disc jockey Ice was using during that particular session. One song featured production by Insane Poetry (this being their second collaboration after Hard to Swallow) while "Dunn Natt" was produced by The Trak Starz.
Lyrics
"Survivor" deals with Vanilla Ice's past, where he mentions how he survived the music industry, being used by executives to sell items, his suicide attempt and relationship with Madonna and the death of friend Dimebag Darrell. Ice goes on that there are somethings he regrets, other things that he won't take back, having no interest in pity and that he hopes the songs will live on when he dies. "Dunn Natt" has some similar lyrics but also references Ice's heavy drug use in the 1990s, particularly cocaine.
"Hustlin" has Ice describing being hated but having no fear or worrying about his career knowing that nothing will last forever and that nothing matters but his family, but he is going to continue making music as long as he'll have a following. "Tell Me Why" is a dramatic song about the world's current condition while "Say Goodbye" features Vanilla Ice heavily disrespecting an unnamed individual who he had a falling out with for disrespecting him and claiming to be the one who helped him rise to fame. Ice raps about talking to a judge as he's explaining why he murdered him by shooting him in the eye. The song could be referring to Chocolate, a rapper that collaborated with Vanilla Ice before he became famous and later claimed to have written "Ice Ice Baby".
"Ninja Rap 2" and "Bounce", like older songs by Vanilla Ice are very club-oriented and feature Ice encouraging people to dance and party while "Cruisin in My 6'4" is more relaxed, featuring Ice describing simply riding in his car while smoking a joint.
Track listing
Samples
Leaders of the Nu-School
"Synthetic Substitution" by Melvin Bliss
Dunn Natt
"Ice Ice Baby" by Vanilla Ice
My '64
"Bring the Noise" by Public Enemy
"Ice Ice Baby" by Vanilla Ice
"Boyz-n-the-Hood" by Eazy-E
Bounce
"New York Groove" by Ace Frehley
References
2005 albums
Rap rock albums by American artists
Vanilla Ice albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Platinum%20Underground |
Banatić () is an urban neighborhood of the city of Novi Sad, Serbia. Its name means "a little Banat".
Borders
The southern border of Banatić is Bulevar kralja Petra I (King Petar I Boulevard), the eastern border is Bulevar oslobođenja (Liberation Boulevard), the north-eastern borders are Bulevar Jaše Tomića (Jaša Tomić Boulevard) and Kisačka ulica (Kisač street), the northern border is railway Belgrade-Subotica, the north-western border is ulica Kornelija Stankovića (Kornelije Stanković Street), and the western border is Rumenačka ulica (Rumenka Street).
Neighbouring city quarters
The neighbouring city quarters are: Detelinara in the west, Sajmište in the south, Rotkvarija and Salajka in the east, and Pervazovo Naselje and Industrijska Zona Jug in the north.
Features
The city main train and bus stations are located in Banatić.
Gallery
See also
Neighborhoods of Novi Sad
References
Jovan Mirosavljević, Brevijar ulica Novog Sada 1745-2001, Novi Sad, 2002.
Milorad Grujić, Vodič kroz Novi Sad i okolinu, Novi Sad, 2004.
External links
Detailed map of Novi Sad and Banatić
Map
Novi Sad neighborhoods | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banati%C4%87 |
São Francisco de Goiás is a municipality in central Goiás state, Brazil.
Municipal boundaries:
North: Jaraguá
South: Petrolina de Goiás
East: Pirenópolis
West: Jesúpolis and Jaraguá
Connections from Goiânia are made by GO-080 / Nerópolis / Petrolina de Goiás. Federal highway BR-153 is 4 kilometers east of the town.
The main rivers that cross the municipality are Rio Pari, Lagoinha, das Almas, and Padre Souza. The climate is classified as tropical, hot and semi-moist. The average temperature in the coldest months is 18 °C and 23 °C to 30 °C in the hottest months. Most of the rain falls between December and March.
History
The site of the town was first inhabited by Europeans in 1740 by gold diggers looking for gold in the rivers. In 1911 the town was part of Jaraguá becoming a separate municipality in 1953.
Demographics
Population density: 16.83 inhabitants/km2 (2007)
Total population in 2007: 5,713
Total population in 1980: 9,427
Population growth rate: -0.31% for 1996/2007
Urban population: 4,189
Rural population: 1,524
Economy
The economy is based on subsistence agriculture, cattle raising, services, public administration, and small transformation industries.
Number of industrial establishments: 29
Number of retail establishments: 44
Banking establishments: Banco Itaú S.A.
Automobiles: 385
The cattle herd had 39,000 head in 2006 while the main crops cultivated were pineapple, rice (90 ha.), bananas, beans, manioc (200 ha.), corn (350 ha.), tomatoes, and soybeans (150 ha.)
Agriculture
Number of Farms: 605
Total area: 14,481 ha.
Area of permanent crops: 259 ha.
Area of perennial crops: 1,132 ha.
Area of natural pasture: 10,249 ha.
Area of woodland and forests: 2,564 ha.
Persons dependent on farming: 1,600
Farms with tractors: 50
Number of tractors: 63 IBGE
Tourism
The region attracts visitors to the river like Rio Padre Souza, which is eight kilometers from the city and is sought after by fishermen. Rio das Almas crosses Jaraguá and is used for swimming and fishing. Rio das Pedras is about 15 kilometers from the city and many people camp on its banks. The most beautiful site in the region is Cachoeira da Usina, which is 4 kilometers from the city on a ranch called Fazenda Gilberto de Castro. The waterfall is five meters high and there is a beach nearby.
Health and Education
The educational sector was small with 4 schools in 2006 and 1,709 students. The adult literacy rate was 82.3% (2000) (national average was 86.4%)
In the health sector there was 1 small hospital with 28 beds in 2007. The infant mortality rate was 20.94 (2000) (national average was 33.0)
São Francisco scores 0.782 on the Municipal Human Development Index, giving it a state ranking of 157 (out of 242 municipalities)
and a national ranking of 2.504 (out of 5,507 municipalities). For the complete list see frigoletto.com.br.
See also
List of municipalities in Goiás
References
Frigoletto
Municipalities in Goiás | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/S%C3%A3o%20Francisco%20de%20Goi%C3%A1s |
Philip Matthew Seibel (born January 28, 1979) is a former Major League Baseball left-handed pitcher.
Biography
Seibel attended the University of Texas, where he pitched for the Texas Longhorns baseball team from 1998 to 2000. He also pitched for Team USA in 1999.
His professional career began in 2000 when he was drafted in the 8th round by the Montreal Expos. In April 2002 he was traded along with two other players to the New York Mets for Bruce Chen, Dicky Gonzalez, Luis Figueroa, and a player to be named later (Saul Rivera). Following the 2003 season, Seibel was placed on waivers by the Mets and picked up by the Boston Red Sox.
Seibel made his major league debut on April 15, 2004, and faced just two batters. The first batter reached on an error, and the second batter walked. He also pitched on April 18, 2004, against the New York Yankees, where he pitched 3 scoreless, hitless innings, and received a no-decision in the Red Sox loss. He walked 5 and struck out one. Seibel received a World Series ring for his work in April.
Seibel sat out the entire 2005 season recovering from Tommy John surgery, then rejoined the Red Sox for their 2006 spring training in Florida as a non-roster invitee, he was shipped back to the minors on March 17. He spent the 2006 season in the minors with Greenville, Portland and Pawtucket, going 6–3 with a 1.24 ERA for the 3 teams. Seibel was traded to the Los Angeles Angels of Anaheim for pitcher Brendan Donnelly on December 15, 2006.
As of September 25, 2008, he was an assistant in the scouting department for the Arizona Diamondbacks. In 2009, Phil and his wife Charity were married in a ceremony in Playa Del Carmen, Mexico.
References
External links
1979 births
Living people
Boston Red Sox players
Arizona Diamondbacks scouts
Baseball players from Louisville, Kentucky
Major League Baseball pitchers
Texas Longhorns baseball players
Jupiter Hammerheads players
Binghamton Mets players
Norfolk Tides players
Gulf Coast Red Sox players
Portland Sea Dogs players
Pawtucket Red Sox players
Greenville Drive players
Salt Lake Bees players
Anchorage Glacier Pilots players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phil%20Seibel |
Pozoblanco () is a town in the province of Córdoba, southern Spain, in the north-central part of the autonomous community of Andalusia. It is located near the headwaters of the Guadamatillas and of other small sub-tributaries of the Guadiana, in the lowlands of Los Pedroches, which lie between the Sierra de la Alcildia on the north and the Sierra Morena on the south.
It is the birthplace of the novelist Rafael Peñas Cruz and the composer Lorenzo Palomo.
History
Pozoblanco, like other nearby towns such as Villanueva de Córdoba, likely originated in the mid 14th century when residents of nearby Pedroche fled from the bubonic plague. Alternatively, Pozoblanco may have begun as a small outpost that developed over time as residents of Pedroche were forced to pasture their livestock farther and farther from the town. Another possibility is that Pozoblanco was founded by a Jewish community, perhaps after being expelled from Pedroche.
The first settlements were in the area known today as “Pozo Viejo.” According to tradition, the town grew up around a well that had turned white from the excrement of chickens, hence the name Pozoblanco, meaning “white well.” The well and chicken may also be seen on the town coat of arms.
Pozoblanco depended administratively on Pedroche until it obtained the title of Villa around 1478. In the medieval era, the history of Pozoblanco is tied to that of the so-called “Seven Villas of the Pedroches” (Pedroche, Torremilano, Torrecampo, Pozoblanco, Villanueva de Córdoba, Alcaracejos and Añora). This community was broken up in 1836 and the communal lands were redistributed among the towns. Pozoblanco received the title of city from King Alfonso XIII on April 22, 1923.
Pozoblanco remained loyal to the Republic throughout the Spanish Civil War. The battle of Pozoblanco took place in March 1937, when the forces of General Queipo de Llano attempted to conquer the town; however, the troops of the Spanish Republican Army under the command of Lieutenant Colonel Joaquín Pérez Salas defeated the Nationalist forces and held the town. In late March 1939 Pozoblanco was conquered by the armies of the Francoist faction.
See also
List of municipalities in Córdoba
Twin towns
Le Mée-sur-Seine, France
Meckenheim, Germany
References
External links
Pozoblanco - Sistema de Información Multiterritorial de Andalucía
Ayuntamiento de Pozoblanco
Municipalities in the Province of Córdoba (Spain) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pozoblanco |
Red Army Military Law Academy (later Soviet Army Military Law Academy) () is a military higher educational institution of the Soviet Army that was designed to train officers for military tribunals and military prosecutor's offices, being active from November 5, 1939 to May 18, 1956. It was formed the base of the Military Law Department of the All-Union Law Academy. It was then transformed into the Military Law Department of the Lenin Military-Political Academy, and was eventually inherited by the Military University of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation.
External links
RF DM Military academy website
References
Military education and training in the Soviet Union
Law of the Soviet Union | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Red%20Army%20Military%20Law%20Academy |
Kentucky's 1st congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Kentucky. Located in Western Kentucky, and stretching into Central Kentucky, the district takes in Henderson, Hopkinsville, Madisonville, Paducah, Murray, and Frankfort. The district is represented by Republican James Comer who won a special election to fill the seat of Rep. Ed Whitfield who resigned in September 2016. Comer also won election to the regular term to begin January 3, 2017.
Characteristics
Until January 1, 2006, Kentucky did not track party affiliation for registered voters who were neither Democratic nor Republican. The Kentucky voter registration card does not explicitly list anything other than Democratic Party, Republican Party, or Other, with the "Other" option having a blank line and no instructions on how to register as something else.
Kentucky counties within the 1st Congressional District: Adair, Allen, Ballard, Boyle, Caldwell, Calloway, Carlisle, Casey, Christian, Clinton, Crittenden, Cumberland, Franklin, Fulton, Graves, Henderson, Hickman, Hopkins, Livingston, Lyon, Marshall, Marion, McCracken, Metcalfe, Monroe, Ohio, Russell, Simpson, Taylor, Todd, Trigg, Union, Washington, and Webster. Portions of Anderson and Logan counties are within the district.
Recent statewide elections
List of members representing the district
Recent election results
2000
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
2018
2020
2022
See also
Kentucky's congressional districts
List of United States congressional districts
Notes
References
Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present
01
Constituencies established in 1792
1792 establishments in Kentucky
Constituencies disestablished in 1933
1933 disestablishments in Kentucky
Constituencies established in 1935
1935 establishments in Kentucky | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentucky%27s%201st%20congressional%20district |
Hebburn is a town in the South Tyneside borough of Tyne and Wear, England. It was formerly in County Durham until 1974 with its own urban district from 1894 until 1974. It is on the south bank of the River Tyne between Gateshead and Jarrow and opposite Wallsend and Walker.
The population of Hebburn was 18,808 in 2001,
History
In Saxon times Hebburn was a small fishing hamlet upon the river Tyne. It is thought that the name Hebburn may be derived from the Old English terms, heah meaning "high", and byrgen meaning a "burial mound", though it could also mean the high place beside the water. The first record of Hebburn mentions a settlement of fishermen's huts in the 8th century, which were burned by the Vikings.
In the 14th century the landscape was dominated by a peel tower. A wall, a portion of which still remains at St. John's Church, could also be seen. The Lordship of the Manor of Hebburn passed through the hands of a number of families during the Middle Ages, including the Hodgsons of Hebburn (James 1974, Hodgson).
In the early 1600s, the wealthy Newcastle family, the Ellisons, acquired the land of Hebburn. Coal was mined at Hebburn as early as the 17th century. In 1792 the Ellisons received royalties from coal mining expansion when Hebburn Colliery opened. The colliery eventually operated three pits. In 1786 the Ellisons’ Hebburn estate also made income from dumping ships ballast at Hebburn Quay. By the 1800s the Ellison family had expanded Hebburn Manor into their Hebburn Hall estate. Hebburn Colliery played an important role in the investigations into the development of mine safety, following the mining disaster at Felling Colliery in 1812.
Humphry Davy stayed with Cuthbert Ellison at Hebburn Hall in 1815 and took samples of the explosive methane 'fire damp' gas from the Hebburn mine which were taken to London in wine bottles for experiments into the development of a miners' safety lamp. Davy's lamps were tested in the Hebburn mine and remarkably the gauze that protected the naked flames could actually absorb the fire damp so that the lamps could shine more effectively.
In 1853, Andrew Leslie arrived from Aberdeen, Scotland. He expanded the Ellison estate, further, with shipbuilding, and in 200 years of industrialisation, Hebburn grew into a modern town of 20,000 inhabitants. When the railways arrived in Hebburn in 1872, further growth took off in the Ellison estate, with the growth of the brick, metal and chemical industries.
Andrew Leslie's shipyard launched two hundred and fifty-five ships before 1885. In 1885 the shipyard merged with local locomotive builder W Hawthorne, and then changed its name to Hawthorn Leslie and Company, and grew even more.
Hebburn also hosted its own Highland Games, with the first one being held in 1883, which were usually held annually in July or August, spanning over three decades and with professional sportsmen coming from Scotland and as far as Oban to compete.
In 1894 Hebburn was recognised as its own independent Urban District; it was no longer the private land of the Ellison family; and it also adopted the Ellison family crest as its coat of arms.
In 1901 Alphonse Reyrolle's, Reyrolle Electrical Switchgear Company opened. In 1932 Hebburn colliery closed. 200 miners were killed during the life of the colliery. The youngest were 10 years old. In 1936 Monkton Coke Works was built by the Government, in response to the Jarrow Hunger March in 1932.
In the Second World War, the Battle of Britain occurred in 1940 and Hitler had planned an amphibious attack that was predicated on defeating the RAF in the battle. Hitler's planned first wave of attack, in his Operation Sea Lion plan, was to try and capture Aberdeen and Newcastle. Hitler's Operation Sea Lion documents had detailed plans to capture the Reyrolle Electrical Switchgear Company.
Hawthorn Leslie built everything from liners to tankers. Many Royal Navy battleships were built at Hawthorn Leslie shipyard. In WWII the yard built 41 naval vessels and repaired another 120. 1n 1944, the yard also built D-day landing craft, including the Landing Craft Tank (LCT) 7074. In April 2020, the craft was housed in the D-Day Story museum. In 2020, the boat was only one of ten craft of its kind to survive postwar.
One ship built at the shipyard was HMS Kelly, launched in 1938 and commanded by Lord Louis Mountbatten. The ship, a K-Class destroyer, was commissioned just eleven days before WWII. The ship was hit three times. In December 1939, she was damaged by a German mine not far from the river Tyne. On 9 May 1940, she was torpedoed off Norway with the loss of 27 lives. Badly damaged, she crawled back to Hawthorn Leslie on a 92-hour journey to be repaired. In 1941, HMS Kelly was sunk off Crete. One hundred and thirty men were killed in the disaster and they are remembered in memorials at Hebburn Cemetery, which were erected by surviving members of the crew and workers from Hawthorn Leslie. The ship's story forms the basis of the 1942 film In Which We Serve. The shipyard is now owned by A&P Group but lies vacant.
The Monkton Coke Works plant closed in 1990, and was demolished in 1992. The former British Short-Circuit Testing Station in Victoria Road West within the town, owned by A. Reyrolle & Company provided the backdrop for the Gary Numan video "Metal". The facility was demolished in 2011.
In 2012, the BBC commissioned a television series Hebburn to be set in the town. It was created and co-written by Jason Cook, who was raised in Hebburn. The first episode was broadcast on 18 October 2012.
4th Battalion the Parachute Regiment and 23 SAS Reserves have bases in Hebburn. The Air Cadets have a unit located at Hebburn TA Centre.
Hebburn has an ecology centre powered by wind turbines. It is the location of a shipyard, operated by A&P Group.
Education
Hebburn has two secondary schools St Joseph's Catholic Academy (formerly St Joseph's Comprehensive School) and Hebburn Comprehensive School.
Sport
Hebburn Town F.C., formed in 1912, and Hebburn Reyrolle F.C. are the town's local non-league football teams. Hebburn Argyle, which existed in the early 1900s, reformed several years ago as a youth club.
Athletics is also catered for at Monkton Stadium, home of Jarrow and Hebburn Athletic Club, where Brendan Foster, Steve Cram and David Sharpe are notable past runners.
A short lived greyhound racing track was opened in 1945. The plans to build the track were passed in September 1944 and it cost £30,000 to construct a venue that could accommodate 6,000 people. The racing was independent (not affiliated to the sports governing body the National Greyhound Racing Club) and was known as a flapping track, which was the nickname given to independent tracks. The track was trading in 1947 but it is not known when it closed.
Transport
It has a station on the Tyne and Wear Metro called Hebburn Metro station. Frequent bus services to South Shields, Jarrow, Gateshead and Newcastle are available to catch on Station Road.
Hebburn once operated a mid Tyne ferry service. The service was owned by various Tyne shipyards. The service ran between Hebburn, Walker and Wallsend. The ferry service last operated in 1986. One of the fleet, ran by the Mid Tyne Ferry Co, was called the Tyne Queen. In 2020 she was called the Jacobite Queen, and she was still working on Loch Ness, Inverness, Scotland.
Notable people
Academia
Dominic Bruce, RAF officer and later a college principal who in WWII, escaped from Colditz Castle and Schloss Spangenberg
John Miles (musician) Songwriter
Arthur Holmes, geologist
Brian David Smith, academic researcher
John Steven Watson, English historian
Paul Younger, hydrogeologist and environmental engineer
Engineering
Andrew Leslie, shipbuilder
Entertainment
Jason Cook, comedian, writer of the BBC sitcom Hebburn
Robert Saint, composer, best known for his musical composition "Gresford", also known as "The Miners Hymn"
Frank Wappat, BBC Radio presenter and disc jockey, founder of Memory Lane magazine
Politics
Sir Fergus Montgomery, Conservative MP and Margaret Thatcher's Parliamentary Private Secretary (prior to her becoming Prime Minister)
Sport
George Armstrong, football player with Arsenal F.C.
Chris Basham, football player with Blackpool F.C., Bolton Wanderers F.C and Sheffield United F.C
Ian Chipchase, athlete and gold medalist at the 1974 Commonwealth Games
Josef Craig, British Paralympic swimmer, who won Gold at the 2012 Paralympic Games
Johnny Dixon, football player with Aston Villa F.C.
Jack English, football player
Carl Finnigan, football player with St Johnstone F.C, Falkirk F.C., South Shields F.C and Newcastle United F.C
Brendan Foster, athlete and sports commentator
Wilfred Milne, football player
Ray Wood, football player with Manchester United F.C.
Chris Rigg, football player with Sunderland A.F.C.
• John Cornelius Green - National Chicken Paste eating champion 2004
References
Bibliography
James, Mervyn (1974) Family, Lineage, and Civil Society: A Study of Society, Politics, and Mentality in the Durham Region, 1500-1640 (Oxford: Oxford University Press).
External links
South Tyneside Council & Community website - Local council website
Hebburn Colliery - Information about Hebburn Colliery
Hebburn.org - Site detailing history of the town
Towns in Tyne and Wear
Unparished areas in Tyne and Wear
Metropolitan Borough of South Tyneside | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hebburn |
Ben-my-Chree (meaning "girl of my heart" in the Manx language) may refer to six ships of the Isle of Man Steam Packet Company:
converted to , seaplane carrier; sunk in 1917
(1998)
Ship names | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben-my-Chree |
Pull is the third studio album by American rock band Winger. The album was released in 1993 by Atlantic Records.
Replacing Beau Hill, Kip Winger took the production reigns with the help of Mike Shipley, who had previously worked on Def Leppard's 1992 album, Adrenalize. With Winger and Shipley at the helm, the album's production was on a considerable budget and marked a significant change in Winger's sound, eschewing their glam metal anthems prevalent in their first two albums for a harder and more aggressive style of music with a good dose of socio-political leanings on tracks like "Blind Revolution Mad", "In for the Kill" and "Who's the One". The material was also less commercial and radio-friendly, evident especially in the track "Junkyard Dog (Tears on Stone)" incorporating contemporary heavy metal and progressive elements and clocking in at 6:54.
The album is often regarded as the favourite among the group's fans, but in terms of sales figures the album was not as successful as the two first albums, peaking at #83 on Billboard's Album chart. However, the lead single "Down Incognito" reached #15 on the Mainstream rock Billboard chart.
Pull was recorded by Winger as a trio, as guitarist/keyboardist Paul Taylor left the band after the In the Heart of the Young tour in 1992.
A bonus track called "Hell to Pay" was available on the Japanese version of the album. This track is also included on the 2001 compilation The Very Best of Winger.
Track listing
Personnel
Band members
Kip Winger – vocals, bass, acoustic guitars, keyboards
Reb Beach – guitars, backing vocals
Rod Morgenstein – drums, percussion, backing vocals
Additional musicians
Frank Latorre – harmonica on "Down Incognito"
Alex Acuña – percussion on "Like A Ritual" and "Who's the One"
Album credits
Produced by Mike Shipley
Co-produced by Kip Winger
Recorded and mixed by Mike Shipley
Assisted by Mike Stock
Mastered by Ted Jensen at Sterling Sound, New York
Recorded and mixed at "Secret Sound - South Pacific"
The Making of Pull
The Making of Pull was a VHS video released by Winger in 1993. It features home movie footage of the band in the studio recording the album Pull, plus promo videos for the following songs:
"Down Incognito"
"Spell I'm Under"
"In My Veins"
"Who's the One"
Charts
References
1993 albums
Atlantic Records albums
Winger (band) albums
Albums produced by Mike Shipley | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pull%20%28Winger%20album%29 |
City to City is the second solo studio album by Scottish singer-songwriter Gerry Rafferty, released on 20 January 1978 by United Artists Records. It was Rafferty's first solo release in six years—and first release of any kind since 1975—due to his tenure in the band Stealers Wheel and subsequent legal proceedings which prevented Rafferty from releasing any new solo recordings for the next three years. The album was well received, peaking at No. 1 in the US and going Platinum, as well as reaching No. 6 in the UK Albums Chart and achieving Gold status. "Baker Street", "Right Down the Line" and "Home and Dry" were successfully released as singles.
Singles
"Baker Street"
United Artists wanted to use "City to City" as the lead single from the album, but Rafferty felt that "Baker Street" would be a better choice and eventually the latter song became the first single in most countries. Released on 3 February 1978, "Baker Street" peaked at No. 3 on the UK Singles Chart and spent four weeks at No. 1 in Canada. It reached No. 2 on the US Billboard Hot 100, spending six weeks there, and two weeks at No. 1 on the US Cash Box Top 100. The B-side of "Baker Street" was "Big Change in the Weather".
"Right Down the Line"
"Right Down the Line" reached number 12 on the Billboard Hot 100, peaked for two weeks at number eight on the Cash Box Top 100, and spent four non-consecutive weeks at number one on the Easy Listening chart in the US in 1978, the only Rafferty song to reach number one on this chart. Bonnie Raitt covered the song in 2012, including it in her Slipstream album.
"Home and Dry"
"Home and Dry" was the third single from the album in the United States, but did not have a UK release. It peaked at No. 28 on the Billboard Hot 100, marking a third consecutive Top 40 hit for Rafferty on that chart. It reached No. 23 in Canada. The B-side featured the sixth track from City to City, "Mattie's Rag". It reached No. 26 on the U.S. Easy Listening chart, doing best on the Canadian Adult Contemporary chart, where it reached No. 7.
Speed discrepancy
In the U.S. and most countries outside the U.K., the original 1978 vinyl and cassette releases were pitched slightly higher than the actual recording speed, resulting in a total album length of around 51:12, a difference of roughly two minutes from the U.K length of 53 minutes. The three singles from the album were also released with this speed discrepancy, and the incorrect versions can still be heard on some radio stations to this day.
Track listing
Personnel
Gerry Rafferty – lead vocals, backing vocals (3-10) acoustic guitar (1, 4, 5), acoustic piano (10)
Tommy Eyre – acoustic piano (1, 2, 3, 5–8), synthesizers (2, 5, 7, 8), organ (3, 9, 10), electric piano (2, 5, 9, 10), brass arrangements (10)
Willy Ray – accordion (6, 9)
Jerry Donahue – electric guitar (1)
Hugh Burns – rhythm and lead guitars (2, 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 10)
Nigel Jenkins – rhythm guitar (2), lead guitar (8)
Micky Moody – acoustic guitar (5)
Andy Fairweather-Low – rhythm guitar (10)
B.J. Cole – steel guitar (3, 4, 5, 9), dobro (6)
Gary Taylor – bass and backing vocals (1-10)
Henry Spinetti – drums (1-6, 8, 10)
Graham Preskett – fiddle (1, 4, 6, 10), mandolin (1), string arrangements (2, 8), ARP string synthesizer (5, 6). brass arrangements (6)
Glen LeFleur – tambourine (1, 3, 5), clave (3), congas (2, 10), drums (9)
Hugh Murphy – tambourine (4)
Raphael Ravenscroft – saxophones (2, 9)
Paul Jones – harmonica (4)
Barbara Dickson – backing vocals (1, 7)
Roger Brown – backing vocals (4)
Vivienne McAuliffe – backing vocals (4)
John McBurnie – backing vocals (4)
Rab Noakes – backing vocals (4)
Joanna Carlin – backing vocals (7)
Australian bush band the Bushwackers featured on track 1 "The Ark", playing the introductory piece on fiddle, concertina and bodhran. This piece was also used under the guitar solo in the middle of the song.
Production
Gerry Rafferty – producer
Hugh Murphy – producer
Barry Hammond – recording
Declan O'Doherty – mixing
John Patrick Byrne – cover painting
Additional recording at Berwick Street Studios and Marquee Studios (London, UK).
Mixed at Advision Studios (London, UK).
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Sales and certifications
References
Whitburn, Joel (1996). The Billboard Book of Top 40 Hits, 6th Edition (Billboard Publications)
External links
Gerry Rafferty albums
1978 albums
United Artists Records albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/City%20to%20City |
The compensation law of mortality (or late-life mortality convergence) states that the relative differences in death rates between different populations of the same biological species decrease with age, because the higher initial death rates in disadvantaged populations are compensated by lower pace of mortality increase with age. The age at which this imaginary (extrapolated) convergence of mortality trajectories takes place is named the "species-specific life span" (see Gavrilov and Gavrilova, 1979). For human beings, this human species-specific life span is close to 95 years (Gavrilov and Gavrilova, 1979; 1991).
Compensation law of mortality is a paradoxical empirical observation, and it represents a challenge for methods of survival analysis based on proportionality assumption (proportional hazard models). The compensation law of mortality also represents a great challenge for many theories of aging and mortality, which usually fail to explain this phenomenon. On the other hand, the compensation law follows directly from reliability theory, when the compared systems have different initial levels of redundancy.
See also
Ageing
Biodemography of human longevity
Biogerontology
Demography
Mortality
Reliability theory of aging and longevity
References
Gavrilov LA, Gavrilova NS. "Reliability Theory of Aging and Longevity." In: Masoro E.J. & Austad S.N.. (eds.): Handbook of the Biology of Aging, Sixth Edition. Academic Press. San Diego, CA, USA, 2006, 3-42.
Gavrilov LA, Gavrilova NS. Why We Fall Apart. Engineering's Reliability Theory Explains Human Aging. IEEE Spectrum, 2004, 41(9): 30–35.
Gavrilov L.A., Gavrilova N.S. "The quest for a general theory of aging and longevity". Science's SAGE KE (Science of Aging Knowledge Environment) for 16 July 2003; Vol. 2003, No. 28, 1–10. https://www.science.org/loi/sageke,
Gavrilov L.A., Gavrilova N.S. The reliability theory of aging and longevity. Journal of Theoretical Biology, 2001, 213(4): 527–545.
Leonid A. Gavrilov & Natalia S. Gavrilova (1991), The Biology of Life Span: A Quantitative Approach. New York: Harwood Academic Publisher,
Gavrilov, L.A., Gavrilova, N.S. "Determination of species length of life". Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, 1979, 246(2): 465–469. English translation by Plenum Publ Corp: pp. 905–908.
Gavrilov, L.A. "A mathematical model of the aging of animals". Doklady Akademii Nauk SSSR, 1978, 238(2): 490–492. English translation by Plenum Publ Corp: pp. 53–55.
Gavrilov, L.A., Gavrilova, N.S., Yaguzhinsky, L.S. "The main regularities of animal aging and death viewed in terms of reliability theory". J. General Biology [Zhurnal Obschey Biologii], 1978, 39(5): 734–742.
Population
Senescence | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Compensation%20law%20of%20mortality |
Kentucky's 2nd congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Kentucky. Located in west central Kentucky, the district includes Bowling Green, Owensboro, Elizabethtown, and a portion of eastern Louisville. The district has not seen an incumbent defeated since 1884.
The district is currently represented by Republican Brett Guthrie.
Former Representative Democrat William Natcher is noted for holding the record for most consecutive roll call votes in the history of Congress - more than 18,000 votes.
Characteristics
The district is similar in character to the 1st district. While Democrats still hold most local offices in the district, they tend to be very conservative on social issues, a trend that leads them to vote Republican in most national elections.
Until January 1, 2006, Kentucky did not track party affiliation for registered voters who were neither Democratic nor Republican. The Kentucky voter registration card does not explicitly list anything other than Democratic Party, Republican Party, or Other, with the "Other" option having a blank line and no instructions on how to register as something else.
Kentucky counties within the 2nd congressional district: Barren, Breckinridge, Bullitt, Butler, Daviess, Edmonson, Grayson, Green, Hancock, Hardin, Hart, Jefferson (partial), LaRue, Logan (partial), McLean, Meade, Muhlenberg, Nelson (partial), Ohio, Warren.
Recent statewide elections
List of members representing the district
Recent election results
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
2018
2020
2022
See also
Kentucky's congressional districts
List of United States congressional districts
References
Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present
02
Barren County, Kentucky
Boyle County, Kentucky
Breckinridge County, Kentucky
Bullitt County, Kentucky
Butler County, Kentucky
Daviess County, Kentucky
Edmonson County, Kentucky
Garrard County, Kentucky
Grayson County, Kentucky
Green County, Kentucky
Hancock County, Kentucky
Hardin County, Kentucky
Hart County, Kentucky
Jessamine County, Kentucky
LaRue County, Kentucky
Meade County, Kentucky
Mercer County, Kentucky
Nelson County, Kentucky
Spencer County, Kentucky
Warren County, Kentucky
Washington County, Kentucky
Constituencies established in 1792
1792 establishments in Kentucky
Constituencies disestablished in 1933
1933 disestablishments in Kentucky
Constituencies established in 1935
1935 establishments in Kentucky | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentucky%27s%202nd%20congressional%20district |
Military Law Academy may refer to:
Alexander Military Law Academy (1867–1917), Russian Empire
Red Army Military Law Academy (1939–1956), Soviet Union | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Military%20Law%20Academy |
Kentucky's 4th congressional district is a congressional district in the U.S. state of Kentucky. Located in the northeastern portion of the state, it is a long district that follows the Ohio River. However, the district is dominated by its far western portion, comprising the eastern suburbs of Louisville and Northern Kentucky, the Kentucky side of the Cincinnati area.
The majority of voters live in the booming suburban Cincinnati counties of Boone, Kenton, and Campbell, which includes such suburbs as Fort Mitchell, Covington, Florence, Newport, and Fort Thomas. The next-largest population center is the northeastern suburbs of Louisville. It stretches as far south as northern portions of the city of Bardstown.
The district is currently represented by Republican Thomas Massie, who was elected in a special election in 2012 to succeed Republican Geoff Davis, who resigned on July 31, 2012, citing family concerns.
Characteristics
The 4th was one of the first areas of Kentucky to turn Republican outside of traditionally Republican south-central Kentucky; it has been in GOP hands for all but six years since 1967. Its politics are dominated by Republicans in the wealthy Cincinnati suburbs, which have swelled with former Cincinnati residents since the early 1960s. Between them, Boone, Kenton and Campbell counties have as many people as the rest of the district combined. As a measure of how much the Cincinnati suburbs have dominated the district, when Massie took office, he became the first congressman from the district's eastern portion in 45 years. Nonetheless, Democrats still hold state and local offices in rural counties.
Until January 1, 2006, Kentucky did not track party affiliation for registered voters who were neither Democratic nor Republican. The Kentucky voter registration card does not explicitly list anything other than Democratic Party, Republican Party, or Other, with the "Other" option having a blank line and no instructions on how to register as something else.
Recent statewide elections
List of members representing the district
Recent election results
2002
2004
2006
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
2018
2020
2022
See also
Kentucky's congressional districts
List of United States congressional districts
References
Congressional Biographical Directory of the United States 1774–present
04
Boone County, Kentucky
Boyd County, Kentucky
Bracken County, Kentucky
Campbell County, Kentucky
Carroll County, Kentucky
Gallatin County, Kentucky
Grant County, Kentucky
Greenup County, Kentucky
Harrison County, Kentucky
Henry County, Kentucky
Jefferson County, Kentucky
Lewis County, Kentucky
Mason County, Kentucky
Oldham County, Kentucky
Owen County, Kentucky
Pendleton County, Kentucky
Shelby County, Kentucky
Spencer County, Kentucky
Trimble County, Kentucky
Constituencies established in 1803
1803 establishments in Kentucky
Constituencies disestablished in 1933
1933 disestablishments in Kentucky
Constituencies established in 1935
1935 establishments in Kentucky | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kentucky%27s%204th%20congressional%20district |
The National Prayer Breakfast is a yearly event held in Washington, D.C., usually on the first Thursday in February. The founder of this event was Abraham Vereide. The event—which is actually a series of meetings, luncheons, and dinners—has taken place since 1953 and has been held at least since the 1980s at the Washington Hilton on Connecticut Avenue NW.
The National Prayer Breakfast, held in the Hilton's International Ballroom, is yearly attended by some 3,500 guests, including international invitees from over 100 countries. Up until 2023 it was hosted by members of the United States Congress and organized on their behalf by the Christian organization Fellowship Foundation (also sometimes just referred to as The Fellowship). As of 2023 the official National Prayer Breakfast is run by the a new organization, the “National Prayer Breakfast Foundation”. It is designed to be a forum for the political, social, and business elite to assemble and pray together. Since the inception of the National Prayer Breakfast, several U.S. states and cities and other countries have established their own annual prayer breakfast events.
The National Prayer Breakfast split from the Fellowship Foundation (reported in some press under its DBA name International Foundation) in 2023 due to recent controversies and questions regarding the transparency of the coordination of the event. There was a letter signed by 30 groups to boycott the event. The Congress will take over the coordination of the event starting in 2023.
History
The origin of the National Prayer Breakfast is traced back to prayer groups with business and civic leaders in Seattle, organized by Abraham Vereide in the 1930s. When he moved to Washington, DC, he established similar groups with members of Congress. In 1953, President Dwight D. Eisenhower attended a meeting by invitation of Congressmen, Vereide, and Billy Graham. Vereide's successor Douglas Coe and Rev. Richard C. Halverson have also carried leadership roles in organizing the event. A government leader was quoted as saying that the Breakfast and Coe's influence offers foreign leaders access to the President that "circumvents the State Department and usual vetting... that such a meeting would require," and other participants indicated that their purpose for attending was political.
Initially called the Presidential Prayer Breakfast, the name was changed in 1970 to the National Prayer Breakfast. Every American president since Dwight D. Eisenhower has participated in the annual event.
Speakers
Each year several guest speakers visit the various events connected with the National Prayer Breakfast. However, the main event, the Thursday morning breakfast, typically has two special guest speakers: the President of the United States and a guest whose identity is kept confidential until that morning. Past keynote speakers include:
1973 U.S. Senator Mark Hatfield (R-OR)
1977 (25th Annual NPB) U.S. House Majority Leader James Wright (D-TX)
1987 Elizabeth Dole, United States Secretary of Transportation
1994 (42nd Annual NPB) Mother Teresa of Calcutta
1997 (45th Annual NPB) Dr. Ben Carson, author, neurosurgeon and the Director of Pediatric Neurosurgery at Johns Hopkins Hospital
1998 (46th Annual NPB) U.S. Senator Connie Mack III (R-FL)
1999 (47th Annual NPB) Max Lucado, author and pastor
2001 (49th Annual NPB) U.S. Senator Bill Frist (R-TN), physician, businessman, and politician
2005 (53rd Annual NPB) Ambassador Tony P. Hall, U.S. Representative to the U.N. Agencies for Food and Agriculture
2006 (54th Annual NPB) Bono, Irish singer/songwriter and humanitarian
2007 (55th Annual NPB) Dr. Francis S. Collins, director of the National Human Genome Research Institute
2008 (56th Annual NPB) Ward Brehm, a Minnesotan who chairs the U.S.-African Development Foundation
2009 (57th Annual NPB) Tony Blair, former Prime Minister of the United Kingdom
2010 (58th Annual NPB) José Luis Rodríguez Zapatero, Prime Minister of Spain
2011 (59th Annual NPB) Randall Wallace, Academy Award-Winning Motion Picture Producer/Writer/Director
2012 (60th Annual NPB) Eric Metaxas, author
2013 (61st Annual NPB) Dr. Ben Carson, author, neurosurgeon and the Director of Pediatric Neurosurgery at Johns Hopkins Hospital
2014 (62nd Annual NPB) Rajiv Shah, Administrator of the US Agency for International Development
2015 (63rd Annual NPB) Darrell Waltrip, Fox Sports broadcaster and inductee to the NASCAR Hall of Fame.
2016 (64th Annual NPB) Mark Burnett and Roma Downey, television producers
2017 (65th Annual NPB) Barry Black, chaplain of the US Senate
2018 (66th Annual NPB) U.S. Representative Steve Scalise (R-LA)
2019 (67th Annual NPB) Gary Haugen, CEO of International Justice Mission
2020 (68th Annual NPB) Arthur C. Brooks, author of Love Your Enemies
2022 (70th Annual NPB) Bryan Stevenson, Executive Director of the Equal Justice Initiative
Many of the past addresses by U.S. Presidents to the National Prayer Breakfast are available online.
Guests
While Members of the U.S. Congress, of the U.S. Cabinet, and of the diplomatic corps in Washington are typically invited to participate in the National Prayer Breakfast, the other more than 3,000 guests come from a variety of walks of life. Six heads of state attended the 2008 breakfast, along with Members of the European Parliament; United Nations diplomats; European, Asian, African and Latin American politicians; religious leaders; missionaries working in various countries; U.S. and foreign business leaders; and students. Benazir Bhutto, former prime minister of Pakistan, participated on more than one occasion, and a video interview of her speaking about the National Prayer Breakfast, its meaning and its impact on her faith, was featured at the 2008 closing dinner. In 2006, King Abdullah II of Jordan addressed the Thursday lunch. Ricardo Maduro, president of Honduras, addressed the same lunch in 2005. Musical guests have included Andrea Bocelli, Wintley Phipps, Michael W. Smith, Point of Grace, and CeCe Winans. In 2014, for the first time since Ukraine's Independence, The Patriarch of The Ukrainian Orthodox Church, Patriarch Philaret was present. In 2015, the Dalai Lama addressed the International Lunch, one of the annual National Prayer Breakfast-related events.
Reaction
Rev. Jim Wallis, founder and president of the Christian social change group Sojourners and a regular attendee of the National Prayer Breakfast, said of the event "it's sort of a time to — where people want to acknowledge the importance of prayer and faith. And that can be kind of a civil religion, civic faith kind of common denominator thing. Or it can be much too sectarian where some people feel left out of it. I remember my favorite ones are when Bono spoke at the prayer breakfast and talked about every faith tradition calls us to stand with those who are left out, left behind. I remember Senator Mark Hatfield spoke years ago when I was in seminary and he called the war in Vietnam a national sin and shame in front of Richard Nixon and Henry Kissinger. I saw their faces and they weren't happy with that. So when it can raise up issues that we ought to be accountable to, whether we are religious or not, I think that's when it's probably at its best."
In 2010, Citizens for Responsibility and Ethics in Washington asked President Barack Obama and Congressional leaders to refrain from attending the National Prayer Breakfast. Executive Director Melanie Sloan criticized the organizing group, The Fellowship, for being what she described as intolerant and secretive. Over the years, other watchdog groups, like the Freedom From Religion Foundation, also criticize the opacity, and maintain the NPB, launched to oppose FDR's New Deal policies, is a Christian nationalist movement, pretends to be bipartisan, and uses unwitting Democrats for cover and legitimacy. In 2023, various groups - religious and secular, Black, LGBTQ - lobbied President Joe Biden to break tradition and cut ties with the event.
On Thursday, February 6, 2020, President Donald J. Trump addressed the gathering, including these statements encouraging freedom of religion and appreciation for those attending, citing their bravery, brilliance, and fortitude: "But I’ll tell you what we are doing: We’re restoring hope and spreading faith. We’re helping citizens of every background take part in the great rebuilding of our nation. We’re declaring that America will always shine as a land of liberty and light unto all nations of the world. We want every nation to look up to us like they are right now."
Also in 2020, the event marked the highest level state visit by a Republic of China (Taiwan) official since 1979 when Vice-President Lai Ching-te attended the National Prayer Breakfast.
The National Prayer Breakfast is featured in the Netflix miniseries The Family, from the book The Family: The Secret Fundamentalism at the Heart of American Power.
Australian National Prayer Breakfast
The Australian National Prayer Breakfast is hosted by the Parliamentary Christian Fellowship with the support of a small organising committee. It has been occurring since 1982 and heavily borrows from US National Prayer Breakfast. Key organisers and prominent participants have had links with the Fellowship such as brothers Jock Cameron and Ross Cameron, Bruce Baird, Kevin Andrews and Kevin Rudd who visited C Street. Prominent speakers at the National Prayer Breakfast and associated side events include Mark Scott, Major General Michael Jeffery, Cardinal George Pell and Tim Costello. For the 2019 Australian National Prayer Breakfast people were invited to bring their MP because of Paul's call to “pray for all those in authority”. Leon Hribar the Canberra director for the City Bible Forum helps organize the Australian National Prayer Breakfast. The main breakfast occurs at Old Parliament House Canberra.
United Kingdom National Prayer Breakfast
The National Prayer Breakfast in the UK is organised by a cross party group of MPs and Peers, working with the support of Christians in Parliament and is not associated with the US NPB. The event normally takes place over two days around the beginning of July, inside the Houses of Parliament. The main breakfast is normally held in Westminster Hall.
Gallery
See also
National Catholic Prayer Breakfast (No affiliation with National Prayer Breakfast)
Fellowship Foundation
Notes
References
External links
Religion and society in the United States
Christian prayer
Religious events
Entertainment events in the United States
Annual events in Washington, D.C. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Prayer%20Breakfast |
Frank Christopher Hawthorne (born 8 January 1946 in Bristol, England) is a Canadian mineralogist, crystallographer and spectroscopist. He works at the University of Manitoba, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada, and is currently Distinguished Professor Emeritus. By combining Graph Theory, Bond-Valence Theory and the moments approach to the electronic energy density of solids he has developed Bond Topology
as a rigorous approach to understanding the atomic arrangements, chemical compositions and paragenesis of complex oxide and oxysalt minerals.
Formal education
Frank C. Hawthorne was born in Bristol, England, on January 8, 1946, to Audrey Patricia (née Miles) and Frank Hawthorne, and went to Begbrook Primary School (now Begbrook Primary Academy) and Bishop Road Primary School, Bristol. In 1956, he moved to Maidenhead, Berkshire, and went to Maidenhead County Boys School (later Maidenhead Grammar School, now Desborough College) where he focused on Mathematics, Physics and Geography, played rugby, hockey, cricket, and did athletics (track and field). He was captured by Physical Geography and at the age of 15, decided to become a geologist. He played rugby for Thames Valley (later Maidenhead) Rugby Club and cricket for the village of Cookham Dean. From late 1962 onward, he was exposed to early English rock-and-roll at pubs and clubs on the periphery of London and became a lifelong enthusiast of this form of music. In 1964, he entered Imperial College London to study Pure Geology, play rugby, hockey and cricket, and drink the occasional pint of beer. He became interested in hard-rock geology and his B.Sc. thesis work, 3 months on the island of Elba in the Mediterranean, convinced him that this was a good career choice. He graduated in 1968 and went to McMaster University in Hamilton, Ontario, to do a Ph.D. under the supervision of the crystallographer H. Douglas Grundy. Doug Grundy have him an amphibole to "look at", and this look developed into his Ph.D. thesis on the crystal chemistry of the amphiboles. McMaster University has a Materials Research Institute that was situated in the Senior Science Building together with the Departments of Geology, Chemistry and Physics. Everyone took coffee and lunch together in an atmosphere that was scientifically intoxicating for graduate students; all the disciplines mixed together and discussed science every day. The institute gave Hawthorne the opportunity for both hands-on use of single-crystal X-ray diffraction, single-crystal neutron diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and Mössbauer spectroscopy, and for making the acquaintance of prominent scientists. In particular, he met the physicist I. David Brown and the chemist R.D. Shannon (on sabbatical from DuPont) when they were developing Bond-Valence Theory. This theory went on to play a major role in Hawthorne's work and he became lifelong friends with Brown and Shannon.
Career and informal education
Frank Hawthorne graduated with a Ph.D. in 1973 and went on to a post-doctoral position with Professor Robert B. Ferguson in the Department of Geological Sciences at the University of Manitoba in Winnipeg, Canada. This was another important step in his development as it exposed him to a wide variety of minerals from granitic pegmatites, particularly through the influence of Petr Černý, and he worked on a wide variety of pegmatite minerals with Černý and Ferguson, returning several times a year to the Materials Research Institute at McMaster University to collect single-crystal X-ray data (at no cost). At the end of his post-doctoral fellowship, he became a Research Associate, operating the electron microprobe and lecturing for other faculty members when they went on sabbatical leave. After seven years of this rather precarious existence, he secured a University Research Fellowship in 1980, the first year of that program. The Federal Government recognized that there were few academic jobs available in the 1970s and introduced the URF program whereby a recipient received a salary and a modest research grant to act as a faculty member (lecture and do research) for 5 years. If at the end of this time, the URF was hired as a faculty member by the university, the salary was paid in part by the Federal Government over the next 5 years. In 1983, Frank Hawthorne received a Major Equipment Grant from the Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada for a Single-Crystal Diffractometer and began to build his laboratory and have graduate students. At this time, Hawthorne established connections with the Royal Ontario Museum as a source of crystals for minerals of unknown structure, and accompanied staff (Dr. Fred J. Wicks and Terri Ottaway to the Tucson Gem and Mineral Show where he connected with mineral collectors and dealers who were to become the principal source of crystals for his experimental work.
In 1983, he was invited to give a lecture at the University of Pavia. This began one of the major scientific collaborations of his career with Drs. Roberta Oberti, Luciano Ungaretti and Giuseppi Rossi on the crystal chemistry of amphiboles, and he has spent ~4 years in Italy working with them on crystal chemistry and with Giancarlo Della Ventura in Rome on short-range order in amphiboles. In 1985, he went to the University of Chicago for 2 months to work with Joseph V. Smith on the topology of four-connected three-dimensional nets. There he met the theoretical chemist Jeremy Burdett who introduced him to the moments approach to the electronic energy density of solids. This was pivotal for Hawthorne's ideas on structure as it connected the topology of chemical bonds with the energy of the constituent crystals.
In 2001, he was awarded a Tier I Canada Research Chair which relieved him of some of his undergraduate teaching and allowed him to attract another crystallographer, Dr. Elena Sokolova, to the department, first as a Research Associate and later as a Research Professor. Dr. Sokolova has had a major influence on his ideas concerning crystal structure and also introduced him to the Crystallography-Mineralogy community in Russia. He obtained funding from the Federal Government of Canada to develop a large laboratory: several X-ray diffractometers, polarized infrared spectroscopy and Raman spectroscopy, bulk- and milli-Mössbauer spectroscopy, electron microprobe and a micro-SIMS for Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry, and formed a consortium with other local scientists for him and his students to have access to Magic-angle-Spinning Nuclear Magnetic Resonance, Atomic Force Microscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, all of which were used extensively to characterize minerals and geochemical processes.
Scientific work
Traditionally, Mineralogy has been an observational science: Mineralogists describe new minerals, measure the stability fields of known minerals with respect to intensive thermodynamic variables, solve and refine crystal structures, and attempt to develop empirical schemes of organization of this knowledge, and apply these schemes to problems in the Earth and Environmental Sciences. Most minerals are complex (sensu lato) objects from both structural and chemical perspectives. On the one hand, this makes a quantitative theoretical understanding of the factors controlling structure, chemical composition and occurrence difficult to impossible by established theoretical methods in Physics and Chemistry. On the other hand, the more complicated a mineral, for example, veblenite: KNa(H2O)3[(Fe2+5Fe3+4Mn2+6Ca□)(OH)10(Nb4O4{Si2O7}2(Si8O22)2)O2], the more information it contains about its origin and properties. The principal thrust of Hawthorne's work has been to establish the theoretical underpinnings of more rigorous approach to Mineralogy. The patterns of linkage of chemical bonds in space contain significant energetic information that may be used for this purpose. Bond Topology combines aspects of Graph Theory, Bond-Valence Theory, and the moments approach to the electronic-energy density-of-states to interpret topological aspects of crystal structure, and allows consideration of many issues of crystal structure, mineral composition, and mineral behavior that are not addressed by established methods.
Theoretical work
Bond topology as a theoretical basis for Mineralogy
Using Graph Theory, the topological characteristics of a bond network may be represented as a weighted chromatic digraph of coordination polyhedra and their connectivities. The elements of the adjacency matrix of this graph form a permutation group that is a subgroup of the symmetric group SN (where N is the number of unique off-diagonal elements of the adjacency matrix), and one may use counting theorems (e.g., Pólya enumeration theorem) to enumerate all edge sets (linkages between polyhedra) that are distinct, thereby counting all distinct local arrangements of coordination polyhedra. This approach allows all topologically possible local arrangements to be enumerated for specific sets of coordination polyhedra. Infinite arrangements with translational symmetry may be represented by finite graphs via wrapping and extends this method to crystals.
Work by the late Jeremy Burdett showed that the electronic energy density of states can be derived using the method of moments, and that the energy difference between two structures depends primarily on the first few disparate moments of their respective energy density of states This leads to the following conclusions: (1) zero-order moments define chemical composition; (2) second-order moments define coordination numbers; (3) fourth- and sixth-order moments define local connectivity of coordination polyhedra; and (4) higher moments define medium- and long-range connectivity. Using the moments approach, it may be shown that anion-coordination changes in chemical reactions quantitatively correlate with the reduced enthalpy of formation of the reactants from the product phases for some simple mineral reactions and that changes in bond topology correlate with reduced enthalpy of formation for some simple hydrated phases
Chemical reactions in minerals
Using the moments approach (see above), chemical reactions in minerals may be divided into two types: (1) Continuous reactions in which bond topology is conserved; and (2) discontinuous reactions in which bond topology is not conserved. (1) For continuous reactions, thermal expansion and elastic compression must be accompanied by element substitutions that maintain commensurability between different components of the structure. Hence one can define from an atomistic perspective the qualitative changes caused by variation in temperature and pressure. Extensive experimental work has shown that short-range order is ubiquitous in amphiboles and defines the chemical pathways by which these minerals respond to varying temperature and pressure. The theoretical developments that underpin this behaviour indicate that they should apply to all other anisodesmic minerals (2) Minerals in which bond topology is not conserved in chemical reactions form the majority of mineral species, but are less quantitatively abundant; however, they form the majority of the environmentally relevant minerals. The criteria that control the chemical composition and stability of these minerals at the atomic level may be derived from the valence-sum rule and valence-matching principle and much of this complexity can be quantitatively predicted reasonably well, and species in aqueous solution also follow the valence-sum rule, and that their Lewis basicities scale with pH of the solution at maximum concentration of the species in solution Complex species in aqueous solution actually form the building blocks of the crystallizing minerals, and hence the structures retain a record of the pH of the solutions from which they crystallized.
Structure hierarchy
A mathematical hierarchy is an ordered set of elements where the ordering reflects a natural hierarchical relation between the elements. The structure hierarchy hypothesis states that structures may be ordered hierarchically according to the polymerization of coordination polyhedra of higher bond valence.Structure hierarchies have two functions: (1) they serve to organize our knowledge of minerals (crystal structures) in a coherent manner, and in this way relate to the original structure classifications of William Lawrence Bragg and Nikolai Belov; (2) if the basis of the classification involves factors that are related to the mechanistic details of the stability and behaviour of minerals, then the physical, chemical and paragenetic characteristics of minerals should arise as natural consequences of their crystal structures and the interaction of those structures with the environment in which they occur. The structure hierarchy hypothesis may be justified by considering a hypothetical structure-building process whereby higher bond-valence polyhedra polymerize to form the structural unit. This hypothetical structure-building process resembles our ideas of crystallization from an aqueous solution, whereby complexes in aqueous and hydrothermal solutions condense to form crystal structures, or fragments of linked polyhedra in a magma condense to form a crystal. Although our knowledge of these processes is rather vague from a mechanistic perspective, the foundations of the structure hypothesis give us a framework within which to think about the processes of crystallization and dissolution Structure hierarchies have been developed for several mineral families, e.g. borates, uranyl oxides and oxysalts, phosphate, sulfate, arsenate and oxide-centered Cu, Pb and Hg minerals
Experimental work
The role of hydrogen in crystal structures
Hydrogen was long considered a fairly unimportant component in minerals, particularly when present as "water of hydration". This view has now changed: the polar nature of hydrogen controls the dimensions of polymerization of strongly bonded oxyanions in crystal structures, giving rise to cluster, chain, sheet and framework structures. Minerals forming in the core, mantle and deep crust do not incorporate so much hydrogen, and hydrogen is also far less polar at high pressures due to symmetrization of donor and acceptor bonds, and minerals generally crystallize as frameworks. Minerals forming in the shallow crust or at the Earth's surface have cluster, chain, sheet and framework structures in response to the constituent hydrogen.
Short-range order-disorder in rock-forming minerals
Long-Range Order (LRO) describes the tendency for atoms to order at a specific location in a structure, averaged over the whole crystal. Short-Range Order (SRO) is the tendency for atoms to locally cluster in arrangements that are discordant with random distribution. A local form of Bond-Valence Theory (i.e., NOT a mean-field approach) can be used to predict patterns of SRO Infrared spectroscopy (IR) in the fundamental OH-stretching region is sensitive to both LRO and SRO of species bonded to OH, and one can combine Rietveld structure refinement and IR spectroscopy to derive patterns of SRO. Thus H can act as a local probe of SRO in many complex rock-forming minerals.
Light lithophile elements in rock-forming minerals
Light lithophile elements (LLEs) can be important variable components in several groups of rock-forming minerals that were thought either to be free of LLEs, or to contain stoichiometrically fixed amounts of these components. Systematic examination of these types of crystal-chemical issues using a combination of SREF (Site-occupancy REFinement), SIMS (Secondary-Ion Mass Spectrometry) and HLE (Hydrogen-Line Extraction) showed this not to be the case. Of particular importance are the role of Li, Ti and H in amphiboles, Li and H in staurolite and Li in tourmaline This work has resulted in much improved understanding of the crystal chemistry of these minerals, and the possibility for more realistic activity models for their thermodynamic treatment.
Crystal chemistry of amphibole-supergroup minerals
In 1987, Hawthorne began collaboration with Roberta Oberti, Luciano Ungaretti and Giuseppe Rossi in Pavia using large-scale crystal-structure refinement and electron-microprobe analysis of amphiboles to solve many crystal-chemical problems, e.g. This work has had a major impact on the understanding of amphibole structure, chemical composition and occurrence and resulted in a more comprehensive classification and nomenclature for these minerals
Crystal chemistry of tourmaline-supergroup minerals
The tourmaline minerals rival the amphiboles in complexity, and were relatively neglected until twenty-five years ago. Hawthorne and his students began crystal-chemical work on these minerals and rapidly identified a new subgroup of tourmaline minerals, showed that tourmaline has more complicated cation-ordering patterns than was hitherto thought, and a new classification scheme for the tourmaline-supergroup minerals was approved by t Intrernational Mineralogical Association. There has since been a major increase in tourmaline studies, turning it into a petrogenetically useful mineral.
Description of new minerals
Systematic work on the crystal chemistry of rock-forming minerals have led to the discovery many hitherto unrecognized types of chemical substitution, e.g. The main interest with regard to rare accessory minerals is the opportunity to examine novel crystal structures in relation to the hierarchical organization of structural arrangements in general. Often by serendipity, this work has led to some very interesting findings [e.g., the discovery of thiosulphate in sidpietersite and [C4-Hg2+4]4+ groups in mikecoxite Hawthorne has been involved in the discovery of 180 new mineral species.
Honours
Frankhawthorneite is named after him
1978, elected Fellow of the Mineralogical Society of America
1983, awarded the Hawley Medal of the Mineralogical Association of Canada
1985, elected Fellow of the Geological Association of Canada
1990, elected Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada
1991, awarded the W.W. Hutchison Medal of the Geological Association of Canada
1991, awarded a Killam Fellowship by the Canada Council
1993, awarded the Willet G. Miller Medal of the Royal Society of Canada
1994, awarded the Hawley Medal of the Mineralogical Association of Canada
1995, awarded the Schlumberger Medal of the Mineralogical Society of Great Britain and Northern Ireland
1996, awarded the Logan Medal, the highest honour of the Geological Association of Canada
1997, Rh Institute Foundation Award for Excellence in Research
1997, appointed Distinguished Professor of the University of Manitoba
1998, awarded the Hawley Medal of the Mineralogical Association of Canada
1999, awarded the Peacock Medal of the Mineralogical Association of Canada
2001, awarded a Tier I Canada Research Chair in Crystallography and Mineralogy
2001, listed by Sciencewatch as the most highly cited Mineralogist/Crystallographer for 1990–2000
2005, appointed an Officer of the Order of Canada
2006, elected Foreign Fellow of the Russian Academy of Sciences
2007, listed by Thomson Scientific as the most highly cited Geoscientist in the world for the decade 1996–2007
2007, elected Fellow of the Geochemical Society
2007, elected Fellow of the European Association of Geochemistry
2008, awarded the Killam Prize in Natural Sciences by the Canada Council
2009, awarded the IMA Medal of the International Mineralogical Association
2009, awarded the Carnegie Medal by the Carnegie Museum of Natural History
2010, awarded the Bancroft Medal of the Royal Society of Canada
2012, awarded the Queen's Diamond Jubilee Medal
2013, awarded the Roebling Medal of the Mineralogical Society of America
2015, elected Life Fellow of the Royal Society of Canada
2015, elected Fellow of the Geological Society of America
2015, elected Honorary Fellow of the Russian Mineralogical Society
2016, elected Honorary Fellow of the Società Italiana di Mineralogia e Petrologia
2016, special issue of the Canadian Mineralogist published to honour the career of Frank Hawthorne
2017, awarded the Fersman Medal by the Fersman Mineralogical Museum of the Russian Academy of Sciences
2018, appointed Distinguished Professor Emeritus, University of Manitoba
2018, awarded Buerger Medal by the American Crystallographic Association
2018, appointed Companion of the Order of Canada
2020, elected to the Academia Europaea
2021, elected Fellow of the American Crystallographic Association
Bibliography
Journal articles
Books
References
http://archive.sciencewatch.com/july-aug2007/sw_july-aug2007_page1.htm
http://www.canadacouncil.ca/NR/rdonlyres/C1864FEC-D4CF-4616-AB46-
http://www.chairs-chaires.gc.ca/chairholders-titulaires/profile-eng.aspx?profileId=305
http://archive.sciencewatch.com/nov-dec2001/sw_nov-dec2001_page2.htm#M
https://web.archive.org/web/20100806085643/http://www.eag.eu.com/Fellows.html#h
https://web.archive.org/web/20110604130413/http://www.geochemsoc.org/awards/geochemicalfellows.htm
http://archive.sciencewatch.com/july-aug2007/sw_july-aug2007_page1.htm
https://web.archive.org/web/20110706171052/http://www.canadacouncil.ca/news/releases/?Year=2008
https://web.archive.org/web/20110725141340/http://www.carnegiemnh.org/minerals/hillman/awardees.html
2009 – IMA medal
https://web.archive.org/web/20110608123447/http://www.rsc.ca/awards.php
1946 births
Living people
Alumni of Imperial College London
Canada Research Chairs
Canadian mineralogists
English emigrants to Canada
Fellows of the Royal Society of Canada
Companions of the Order of Canada
McMaster University alumni
Scientists from Bristol
Academic staff of the University of Manitoba
Foreign Members of the Russian Academy of Sciences
Logan Medal recipients | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frank%20Hawthorne |
Punjkot () is a tehsil (administrative subdivision of local government) in Muzaffarabad, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan.
Populated places in Muzaffarabad District | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Punjkot |
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