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The Annulipalpia, also known as the "fixed-retreat makers", are a suborder of Trichoptera, the caddisflies. The name of the suborder refers to the flexible terminal segment of the adult maxillary palps, which often has many tiny rings.
The larvae construct fixed retreats in freshwater aquatic environments in which they remain stationary, waiting for food to come to them. Members of the Psychomyiidae, Ecnomidae and Xiphocentronidae families construct simple tubes of sand and other particles held together by silk and anchored to the bottom, and feed on the accumulations of silt formed when suspended material is deposited on the substrate. Some of the families are unique in spinning silken nets for filter feeding.
References
External links
Tree Of Life Annulipalpia Page
Trichoptera
Insect suborders | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annulipalpia |
Todd M. France (born February 13, 1980 in Toledo, Ohio) was a placekicker in the Arena Football League. He is currently a professor at Ohio Northern University in Ada, Ohio. In the National Football League, he kicked for the Tampa Bay Buccaneers and Philadelphia Eagles. In the Arena League, he kicked for the Philadelphia Soul, Chicago Rush, Orlando Predators, and New Orleans VooDoo.
High school
At Springfield High School, he was a Division II All-State team member, team MVP, first team All-District and All-Conference, lettered three years in football and volleyball, four years in soccer and two years in basketball.
College
He played college football at the University of Toledo where he majored in Mechanical Engineering. France was a nominee for Lou Groza Award as nation's best placekicker and he was the first UT kicker to make first-team All-MAC since Bruce Nichols in 1988. France help lead the Rockets to their first bowl game win since 1995 by beating Cincinnati in the 2001 Motor City Bowl.
Professional football
He spent a season with the Rhein Fire of the now-defunct NFL Europa and played in World Bowl XI
College statistics
References
1980 births
Living people
Players of American football from Toledo, Ohio
American football placekickers
Toledo Rockets football players
Philadelphia Eagles players
Tampa Bay Buccaneers players
Philadelphia Soul players
Rhein Fire players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Todd%20France |
The Battle of Arica, also known as Assault and Capture of Cape Arica, was a battle in the War of the Pacific. It was fought on 7 June 1880, between the forces of Chile and Peru.
After the Battle of Tacna and the following Bolivian withdrawal from the war, Peru had to stand alone for the rest of the conflict. The need for a port near to the location of the army, in order to supply and reinforce the troops and evacuate wounded, made the Chilean command put its attention on the remaining Peruvian stronghold in the Tacna Department. The Chilean army, led by Colonel Pedro Lagos, launched a giant assault to Arica, where the 1600 men of the defense fought more than 8000 Chileans, from sea and land, who finally captured the Morro de Arica (English: Cape Arica) after 55 minutes of combat. The defending Peruvian troops under the command of Colonel Francisco Bolognesi died as heroes. In this fight the old Peruvian Commander died along with several officers and more than 1,000 men.
The Chilean victory ended the phase of the conflict known as Campaña de Tacna y Arica (English: Campaign of Tacna and Arica), resulting in the occupation of the entire Tarapacá and Tacna provinces. After this action, a new stage began named Campaña de Lima (English: Lima Campaign), which concluded with the fall of the Peruvian capital city seven months later.
The city of Arica never returned to Peruvian hands. It was temporarily ceded to Chile after the signing of the Treaty of Ancon, on 1884; the city remained occupied by Chilean forces until the later signing of the Treaty of Lima in 1929, when it was ceded permanently to Chilean sovereignty.
Prelude
Since the outbreak of war in 1879, the initial naval stage came to an end with the capture of the ironclad ship Huáscar at Angamos, on 8 October 1879. After this, the Chilean Army disembarked at Pisagua on 2 November and drove the Allies inland. The Chilean Army claimed a series of victories at Germania and San Francisco, but ended with the Peruvian success at Tarapacá, on 27 November. Despite this latter victory, the Allies lost the Tarapacá department. Popular discontent in the Allied countries led to the removal from office of both President Prado in Peru and Hilarión Daza in Bolivia, replaced respectively by Nicolás de Piérola and Gen. Narciso Campero.
Naval preliminary actions
On 27 February, the Chilean Navy began bombarding the city's ground defenses. These defenses had a range of 3.5 km, providing a large covering zone for the remaining Peruvian ironclad, the Manco Cápac. The now Chilean warship Huáscar, after its resurfacing at Angamos, Grau had scuttled the ship to avoid it being captured by Chile. It had was sent for repairs and fitted with two 40 lb Armstrong type guns, with a firing range between 6 and 7 km. The ironclad was put under the command of Captain Manuel Thomson. The Huáscar arrived in Arica on 25 February in order to take the place of the warship "Cochrane" in the port blockade. Later the "Magallanes", led by Captain Carlos Condell arrived to join the "Huáscar" in the operation. The Chilean ironclad fought an ongoing and inconclusive duel with the "Manco Cápac". Though outclassed, the Peruvian monitor, covered by the land defenses, managed to hold the Chilean ships at bay for 4 months. During this time, Thomson died, being replaced by Carlos Condell. On 9 April, the Peruvian port of Callao was also put under blockade.
Preliminary land movements and engagements
On 8 March, a Chilean expeditionary force was sent to Mollendo, in order to interrupt communications between this port with Arequipa, where 4,000 Peruvian soldiers were posted. On the 22nd, and with General Manuel Baquedano as the new Commander in Chief of the Army of Northern Operations, the Chileans obtained the victory at Los Ángeles Hill. After this battle, the Chilean forces marched to the Sama River valley. From this rendezvous point, the Chileans marched to Tacna on a perilous march. During this march, the Chilean Minister Rafael Sotomayor died at Las Yaras, being replaced by Jose Francisco Vergara. On 26 May, the Army of Northern Operations conclusively defeated an allied army of 10,000 in the outskirts of Tacna. This battle proved decisive because Bolivia was knocked out of the war and retired to the Andes, and never engaged in the war again. From then on, Peru had to fight alone.
After reorganizing its troops, the Chilean command decided to take the port of Arica. With the entire allied army in Tacna destroyed, the port was an easy target for the large number of Chilean troops. Since February, the Peruvian garrison had already endured a naval blockade that had stopped supplies from reaching the garrison. This blockade was broken twice for the Peruvian army. On 1 June, Chilean troops led by Cmdnt. Rafael Vargas captured Engineer Teodoro Elmore, from whom they obtained the location of the landmines scattered around the city. 7,500 men were dispatched from Tacna to Arica by train arriving there in the early days of June.
Chilean surrender request
In the early morning of 5 June, the Chilean Sergeant Major José de la Cruz Salvo reached the Peruvian lines with a parley flag, requesting an interview with the commander of Arica. After Salvo was conducted to Bolognesi's headquarters in the city, they had the following dialogue:
Salvo: Sir, the General commanding the Chilean Army, wishing to avoid useless bloodshed, after defeating the Allied Army at Tacna, has sent me to ask for your surrender, with all your men, provisions and munitions.
Bolognesi: I have sacred duties to fulfill, and I shall fulfill them until the last cartridge has been fired.
Salvo: Then, my mission is finished.
After consulting his officers on his decision, Bolognesi finally responded: "Tell your general that I am proud of my officers and am determined to fire until the last cartridge in Arica's defense, for it must not fall on your hands!" The phrase "until the last cartridge has been fired" (hasta quemar el último cartucho), which has now become part of the Spanish language, is also the official motto of the Peruvian Army.
The contenders
Peru
Peruvian situation
After the defeat in Tacna, the Arica Peruvian garrison lost communication with the army in retreat. Only five survivors from it came to Arica with news about the battle. Several telegraphs sent to Tacna had no answer. Bolognesi still hoped that the Allied army at Tacna had not been obliterated and a portion of it would come to reinforce his position. After Tacna, Montero had decided to withdraw the forces guarding Arica, knowing that the port was already lost. Pierola's deputy, Del Solar, sent Col. Pacheco Cespedes to Arica in order to communicate the decision to abandon the city, but he never arrived at his destination, due to the Chilean troops in the area.
After the Chilean forces started to concentrate on Arica, Bolognesi's troops were completely isolated. A Chilean cavalry vanguard captured the engineer Teodoro Elmore, who was to blow up the railroads captured by the Chileans in Lluta. With his capture, the Chilean army knew the location of minefields and reduced the troops' apprehension, thereby permitting a ground assault.
Peruvian forces
The Peruvian garrison at the port consisted of 1,628 men - 29 Chiefs, 223 officers and 1,376 soldiers. The defensive batteries at the cape were divided into three groups: East, North and South. The northern group had several batteries at town level: Santa Rosa (1 Vavasseur cannon with a 5 km range), San José (1 Vavasseur and 1 Pairot also with a 5 km range), and Dos de Mayo (1 Vavasseur). This group of cannons was led by Medardo Cornejo. The east group had seven Voruz cannons, protected by a sand trench, commanded by Juan Aillón. Finally the southern group, led by Juan Guillermo Moore, had eight cannons (6 Voruz, 1 Pairot and 1 Vavasseur), adding up a total of nineteen cannons.
The infantry posted here were the 7th and 8th divisions. The 7th Division had three battalions: Sappers of Tacna, Tacna Artisans and Piérola Rifles. The 8th had two units, the Tarapacá and Iquique battalions. The soldiers had mostly Chassepot rifles, providing lesser firepower than the Chilean weapons.
Chile
Chilean situation
After suffering heavy losses at the battle at Tacna, the Chilean command realized the need of a port in the area to resupply the troops and to evacuate the wounded. 4,500 men were sent to Arica, while another 13,000 were posted at Tacna and its surroundings, forming an impossible barrier for the 4,000 soldiers of Leiva's Second Southern Army. Even the addition of the remaining forces of Montero would not bring the Peruvian forces up to 6,000 men, and they had no artillery support whatsoever.
Chilean forces
After Tacna, the Chilean army kept its position at the outskirts of the city for a few days. This positioning prevented the Peruvians from reinforcing the garrison at Arica or communicating the order to leave the port. Leaving the most damaged units here, Gen. Baquedano decided to send part of the army under the command of Colonel Pedro Lagos, formed by the "Buin" 1st Line Regiment of Col. Luis José Ortíz, the 3rd Line Regt. led by Col. Ricardo Castro, Sergeant Major Juan José San Martín's 4th Line Regiment, the Bulnes Infantry Battalion, the Carabineros de Yungay Cavalry Regiment and four artillery batteries attached to the 1st and 2nd Artillery regiments, taking under consideration the low casualties sustained by these units in the previous battle. The infantry had been equipped with the Comblain and Gras rifles. The Chileans totalled 8,000 soldiers with the late arrival of the Lautaro Battalion.
The battle
Chilean battleplans
After the battle of Tacna, Col. Pedro Lagos was ordered to take Arica at any cost. He was left to decide on his own the way to do it. Lagos decided on a frontal assault with only 4,000 infantry, divided into three groups.
The targets were the three main defenses of the city: the East Fort, the Ciudadela (Citadel) Fort and finally the Cape Fort. The Ciudadela Fort was to be taken by the 3rd Line Regiment with the "Buin" 1st Line Regiment in reserve. The East fort would be attacked by the 4th Line Regiment. Col. Lagos was initially reluctant to attack Arica directly fearing excessive bloodshed; thus he asked for the surrender of his opponent, Francisco Bolognesi, an Italo-Peruvian veteran brought out of retirement when the war broke out. Lagos' pleas fell on deaf ears when Bolognesi replied that he would fulfill his duties until he had fired his last shot. Subsequently, both sides prepared for battle.
Peruvian battle plans
The Peruvian force had little choice but to wait for the attack on their defenses and admitted that the garrison had no choice but to make the impending Chilean victory as hard as they could.
The entire city was mined in order to inflict as many casualties as these gadgets could explode while the Chilean army was passing through. The engineer Elmore made a study of the terrain determining the soil resistance in order to make three galleries where the land mines were planted.
The assault
Using the night's darkness, the 3rd Line and 4th Line regiments marched towards the Azapa Valley and to their objectives. The Peruvian sentries on the Ciudadela Fort saw the Chilean deployment and opened fire. The 3rd Line Regiment ran to the fort and took it in hand-to-hand combat. The defenders were very quickly defeated. The use of land mines had made the assaulting force furious and they took no prisoners. Only the action of the officers prevented a total annihilation of the Peruvian troops.
At the East Fort exactly the same thing happened. This stronghold was taken by the 4th Line Regiment, also outnumbering and obliterating the defenders in a frontal charge. The remaining defenders then retreated to their main defense up the cape, fighting back and trying to reorganize their lines. At this point, Colonel Lagos's idea was to wait for reinforcements of the "Buin" 1st Line Regiment to arrive before finally storming the Cape Fort. At the same time, the Peruvian monitor Manco Cápac, which was defending the Cape from the sea, was attacked by four Chilean warships of the Navy, the Huascar included. An artillery bombardment between the two armies was exchanged, with the Chilean artillery strikes directed by the 1st and 2nd Artillery regiments.
However, an unidentified soldier shouted "¡Al morro muchachos!" ("To the Cape, boys!"), causing a mass assault. The Chilean officers had nothing to do but to follow their soldiers in a frenetic race for the summit. The infantry had to run up the hill facing the Peruvian men commanded by Colonel Bolognesi. Quickly the Chilean assault degenerated into a confusing pandemonium marked by the explosion of mines placed by the Peruvian defenders. The defenders were overrun and annihilated. Col. Bolognesi's plan was to blow up his gunpowder reserves when the Chileans reached the fort and cause massive casualties among the Chileans. However, he was unable to do this and he fell in combat together with most of his men.
The final assault was directed by the Commander of the 4th Line Regiment, Major Juan José San Martín (who died in battle) and Sergeant Major Felipe Solo de Zaldívar who was the first to reach the summit of the Cape. After 55 minutes, the Cape had been taken by Chilean troops.
Aftermath
The Chileans won the battle and Colonel Bolognesi was killed. Some other high-ranking Peruvian officers who also perished were Colonel Alfonso Ugarte (who drove his horse off the cliff down into the Pacific Ocean to prevent the capture of the Peruvian flag by Chilean forces), and Colonel Mariano Bustamante, his Chief of Detail. These three Peruvian officers belonged to the group that had rejected the offer to surrender to the Chilean army, and prompted Colonel Bolognesi to vow to the Chilean emissary that he was going to defend the garrison to the last shot.
One high-ranking officer who survived the battle and its aftermath was Lieutenant Colonel Roque Sáenz Peña, a volunteer officer of the Peruvian Army, who later went on to become President of Argentina.
Since the Morro de Arica was the last bulwark of defense for the allied troops standing in the city, the city was quickly captured. The Chilean assaulting troops engaged in widespread killing of the surviving and surrendering Peruvian soldiers and the citizens of the captured city, which was then looted.
With the fall of the city, the ironclad Manco Cápac found herself short on supplies and with the nearest friendly port four days away at Callao. Faced with an impossible trip, she was scuttled to prevent her capture by the Chilean military. The torpedo boat Alianza scape of Arica trying to reach Mollendo, but was pursued by the ironclad Cochrane and the gunned transport Loa that fired at them, until at noon and at the height of the Sama hill, the Cochrane returned to Arica, but the Loa continuing the pursuit alone. In Punta Picata, Tacna, the boat was stranded due to the impossibility of continuing because the engines were overheated and its crew blew it up with a boom torpedo to avoid its capture by the enemy.
Arica to this day remains part of Chile, and is a constant symbol of friction with its neighbors Peru and Bolivia. For Peru it is commemorated as Flag Day for the heroic stances of both Bolognesi and Ugarte together with the rest of the garrison, while the Chilean Army honors the anniversary as Infantry Day every year, in commemoration of the heroism of the thousands of Chilean infantrymen who fought the battle to its victorious end.
Notes
External links
navsource.org: USS Oneota
The Victorious Chileans
Conflicts in 1880
Battles involving Chile
Battles involving Peru
Battles of the War of the Pacific
1880 in Chile
Battle of Arica
June 1880 events | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Arica |
Juan Manuel Molina Morote (born March 15, 1979, in Cieza, Murcia) is a male former race walker from Spain. He represented Spain at the Olympics in 2004 and 2008. His foremost achievement was a bronze medal in the 20 km walk event at the 2005 World Championships in Athletics. He competed at seven consecutive editions of the IAAF World Race Walking Cup, first appearing in 1999 and making his last outing in 2012.
He emerged in 2001 with a win at the 2001 European Athletics U23 Championships and second place at the 2001 Summer Universiade. He established himself on the senior circuit with a bronze medal at the 2002 European Athletics Championships. He was fifth at the 2004 Athens Olympics and won a series of medals in 2005, including silver medals at the European Race Walking Cup and Mediterranean Games and a gold medal at the Summer Universiade. His last major medal on the continental scene came at the Mediterranean Games, where he was the 20 km walk bronze medallist.
He retired from the sport, citing a long-term hamstring injury, after dropping out mid-race in the 50 km at the 2012 IAAF World Race Walking Cup.
Nowadays he is a sport professor of UCAM (University of Murcia)
Achievements
References
External links
1979 births
Living people
People from Cieza, Murcia
Spanish male racewalkers
Athletes (track and field) at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes for Spain
World Athletics Championships medalists
European Athletics Championships medalists
Universiade medalists in athletics (track and field)
Mediterranean Games silver medalists for Spain
Mediterranean Games bronze medalists for Spain
Mediterranean Games medalists in athletics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2005 Mediterranean Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 2009 Mediterranean Games
FISU World University Games gold medalists for Spain
Universiade silver medalists for Spain
Medalists at the 2001 Summer Universiade
Medalists at the 2005 Summer Universiade
Sportspeople from the Region of Murcia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Juan%20Manuel%20Molina |
Hemingby is a dispersed village and civil parish in the East Lindsey district of Lincolnshire, England. It is situated approximately north from the market town of Horncastle and just west from the junction of the B1225 and A158 roads. It is surrounded by the villages of Baumber, Goulceby and West Ashby. The River Bain and its tributary, the Hemingby Beck, flow through the village.
Hemingby Grade II listed Anglican parish church is dedicated to St. Margaret. Originating in the 14th century it was rebuilt in 1764, and again in 1895.
In 1885 Kelly's noted that one of the principal landowners was Earl Manvers. The parish was of and chief agricultural production was of barley and turnips. A then reported 1859 Wesleyan Methodist chapel building still exists. A free school was founded in 1727 by Jane Lady Dymoke; her endowment provided for the employment of a school master and mistress, and for the clothing and apprenticeship of school children. She also established four almshouses for poor widows; these are today listed buildings. Further listed buildings are the late 18th-century Rookery cottage, and the mid-18th-century Old Rectory with its early 19th-century coach house.
The Methodist chapel existed as such until 1978, the building being converted to a private house in 2007.
The village Coach and Horses public house is a former coaching inn on the old Louth to Lincoln coaching route.
On 18 April 2007 Radio Lincolnshire briefly changed its name to BBC Radio Hemingby for a day, and broadcast from the village.
References
External links
"Hemingby", Genuki.org.uk. Retrieved 14 October 2011
Village web site
Villages in Lincolnshire
Civil parishes in Lincolnshire
East Lindsey District | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hemingby |
Plastic shamans, or plastic medicine people, is a pejorative colloquialism applied to individuals who are attempting to pass themselves off as shamans, holy people, or other traditional spiritual leaders, but who have no genuine connection to the traditions or cultures they claim to represent. In some cases, the "plastic shaman" may have some genuine cultural connection, but is seen to be exploiting that knowledge for ego, power, or money.
Plastic shamans are believed by their critics to use the mystique of these cultural traditions, and the legitimate curiosity of sincere seekers, for their personal gain. In some cases, exploitation of students and traditional culture may involve the selling of fake "traditional" spiritual ceremonies, fake artifacts, fictional accounts in books, illegitimate tours of sacred sites, and often the chance to buy spiritual titles. Often Native American symbols and terms are adopted by plastic shamans, and their adherents are insufficiently familiar with Native American religion to distinguish between imitations and actual Native religion.
Overview
The term "plastic shaman" originated among Native American and First Nations activists and is most often applied to people fraudulently posing as Native American traditional healers. People who have been referred to as "plastic shamans" include those believed to be fraudulent, self-proclaimed spiritual advisors, seers, psychics, self-identified New Age shamans, or other practitioners of non-traditional modalities of spirituality and healing who are operating on a fraudulent basis. "Plastic shaman" has also been used to refer to non-Natives who pose as Native American authors, especially if the writer is misrepresenting Indigenous spiritual ways (such as in the case of Ku Klux Klan member Asa Earl Carter and the scandal around his book The Education of Little Tree).
It is a very alarming trend. So alarming that it came to the attention of an international and intertribal group of medicine people and spiritual leaders called the Circle of Elders. They were highly concerned with these activities and during one of their gatherings addressed the issue by publishing a list of Plastic Shamans in Akwesasne Notes, along with a plea for them to stop their exploitative activities. One of the best known Plastic Shamans, Lynn Andrews, has been picketed by the Native communities in New York, Minneapolis, San Francisco, Seattle and other cities.
Critics of plastic shamans believe there is legitimate danger to seekers who place their trust in such individuals. Those who participate in ceremonies led by the untrained may be exposing themselves to various psychological, spiritual and even physical risks. The methods used by a fraudulent teacher may have been invented outright or recklessly adapted from a variety of other cultures and taught without reference to a real tradition. In almost all "plastic shaman" cases a fraud is employing these partial or fraudulent "healing" or "spiritual" methods without a traditional community of legitimate elders to provide checks and balances on their behaviour. In the absence of the precautions such traditional communities normally have in place in regard to sacred ceremonies, and without traditional guidelines for ethical behavior, abuse can flourish.
People have been injured, and some have died, in fraudulent sweat lodge ceremonies performed by non-Natives.
Among critics, this misappropriation and misrepresentation of Indigenous intellectual property is seen as an exploitative form of colonialism and one step in the destruction of Indigenous cultures:
The para-esoteric Indianess of Plastic Shamanism creates a neocolonial miniature with multilayered implications. First and foremost, it is suggested that the passé Injun elder is incapable of forwarding their knowledge to the rest of the white world. Their former white trainee, once thoroughly briefed in Indian spirituality, represents the truly erudite expert to pass on wisdom. This rationale, once again, reinforces nature-culture dualisms. The Indian stays the doomed barbaric pet, the Indianized is the eloquent and sophisticated medium to the outer, white world. Silenced and visually annihilated like that, the Indian retreats to prehistory, while the Plastic Shaman can monopolize their culture.
Defenders of the integrity of indigenous religion use the term "plastic shaman" to criticize those they believe are potentially dangerous and who may harm the reputations of the cultures and communities they claim to represent. There is evidence that, in the most extreme cases, fraudulent and sometimes criminal acts have been committed by a number of these imposters. It is also claimed by traditional peoples that in some cases these plastic shamans may be using corrupt, negative and sometimes harmful aspects of authentic practices. In many cases this has led to the actual traditional spiritual elders declaring the plastic shaman and their work to be "dark" or "evil" from the perspective of traditional standards of acceptable conduct.
Plastic shamans are also believed to be dangerous because they give people false ideas about traditional spirituality and ceremonies. In some cases, the plastic shamans will require that the ceremonies are performed in the nude, and that men and women participate in the ceremony together, although such practices are an innovation and were not traditionally followed. Another innovation may include the introduction of sex magic or "tantric" elements, which may be a legitimate form of spirituality in its own right (when used in its original cultural context), but in this context it is an importation from a different tradition and is not part of authentic Native practices.
The results of this appropriation of Indigenous knowledge have led some tribes, intertribal councils, and the United Nations General Assembly to issue several declarations on the subject:
Many of those who work to expose plastic shamans believe that the abuses perpetuated by spiritual frauds can only exist when there is ignorance about the cultures a fraudulent practitioner claims to represent. Activists working to uphold the rights of traditional cultures work not only to expose the fraudulent distortion and exploitation of Indigenous traditions and Indigenous communities, but also to educate seekers about the differences between traditional cultures and the often-distorted modern approaches to spirituality.
One indicator of a plastic shaman might be someone who discusses "Native American spirituality" but does not mention any specific Native American tribe. The "New Age Frauds and Plastic Shamans" website discusses potentially plastic shamans.
Terminology
The word "shaman" originates from the Evenki word "šamán". The term came into usage among Europeans via Russians interacting with the Indigenous peoples in Siberia. From there, "shamanism" was picked up by anthropologists to describe any cultural practice that involves vision-seeking and communication with the spirits, no matter how diverse the cultures included in this generalisation. Native American and First Nations spiritual people use terms in their own languages to describe their traditions; their spiritual teachers, leaders or elders are not called "shamans". One significant promoter of this view of a global shamanism was the Beat Generation writer Gary Snyder, whose 1951 PhD thesis treated Haida religion as a form of shamanic practice, and whose subsequent poetry promotes the idea of the Pacific Rim as "a single cultural zone and a single bioregion." Other writers promoting the idea of a generalised shamanic religion in this period also include Robert Bly, who stated that "the most helpful addition to thought about poetry in the past thirty years has been the concept of the poet as a relative of the shaman ... I am a shaman." Snyder and Bly's remarks attest to the deep investment in shamanism in 1960s and 1970s counterculture. Leslie Marmon Silko would later condemn Snyder's appropriations of Native religions in her 1978 essay "An Old-Fashioned Indian Attack in Two Parts". Later, Michael Harner would develop the concept of neoshamanism, or "core shamanism", which also makes the unfounded claim that the ways of several North American tribes share more than surface elements with those of the Siberian Shamans. This misappellation led to many non-Natives assuming Harner's inventions were traditional Indigenous ceremonies. Geary Hobson sees the New Age use of the term shamanism as a cultural appropriation of Native American culture by "white" people who have distanced themselves from their own history.
In Nepal, the term Chicken Shaman is used.
Documentary film
A 1996 documentary about this phenomenon, White Shamans and Plastic Medicine Men, was directed by Terry Macy and Daniel Hart.
See also
Brooke Medicine Eagle
Colonialism
Cultural appropriation
Cultural imperialism
Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
Fraudulent Mediums Act 1951 – British legislation that both combats plastic shamanism and repeals the 1735 Witchcraft Act
Hollywood Indian
Huna (New Age)
Indigenous intellectual property
Iron Thunderhorse
Legend of the Rainbow Warriors
Native American hobbyism in Germany
Native Americans in German popular culture
Neoshamanism
Noble savage
Passing as Indigenous Americans
Plastic Paddy
Pretendian
Q Shaman
Rolling Thunder
Stereotypes of Native Americans
Traditional knowledge
Twinkie (slur)
Xenocentrism
Notes
References
Hobson, Gary. "The Rise of the White Shaman as a New Version of Cultural Imperialism." in: Hobson, G., ed. The Remembered Earth. Albuquerque, NM: Red Earth Press; 1978: 100–108.
Lupa. New Paths to Animal Totems. Woodbury, MN: Llewellyn Worldwide, 2012. .
Further reading
Berkhofer, Robert F. "The White Man's Indian: Images of the American Indian from Columbus to the Present"
Bordewich, Fergus M. Killing the White Man's Indian: Reinventing Native Americans at the End of the Twentieth Century.
Deloria, Philip J., Playing Indian. New Haven: Yale University Press, 1998. .
Deloria Jr., Vine, "The Pretend Indian: Images of Native Americans in the Movies."
Fikes, Jay Courtney. Carlos Castaneda: Academic Opportunism and the Psychedelic Sixties. Millenia Press, Canada, 1993 .
Harvey, Graham, ed. Shamanism: A Reader. New York and London: Routledge, 2003. .
Green, Rayna D. "The Tribe Called Wannabee". Folklore. 1988; 99(1): 30–55.
Jenkins, Philip. Dream Catchers: How Mainstream America Discovered Native Spirituality. New York: Oxford University Press; 2004. .
Kehoe, Alice B. "Primal Gaia: Primitivists and Plastic Medicine Men." in: Clifton, J., ed. The Invented Indian: Cultural Fictions and Government Policies. New Brunswick: Transaction; 1990: 193–209.
Kehoe, Alice B. Shamans and Religion: An Anthropological Exploration in Critical Thinking. 2000. London: Waveland Press. .
de Mille, Richard, The Don Juan Papers: Further Castaneda Controversies. 1980, Santa Barbara, CA: Ross Erikson Publishers. .
Narby, Jeremy and Francis Huxley, eds. Shamans Through Time: 500 Years on the Path to Knowledge. 2001; reprint, New York: Tarcher, 2004. .
Noel, Daniel C. Soul Of Shamanism: Western Fantasies, Imaginal Realities, Continuum International Publishing Group. .
Rollins, Peter C. Hollywood's Indian : the portrayal of the Native American in film. Univ Pr of Kentucky, 1998.
Pinchbeck, Daniel. Breaking Open the Head: A Psychedelic Journey into the Heart of Contemporary Shamanism. New York: Broadway Books, 2002. .
Rose, Wendy, "The Great Pretenders: Further Reflections on White Shamanism." in: Jaimes, M. A., ed. The State of Native America: Genocide, Colonisation and Resistance. Boston: South End; 1992: 403–421.
Smith, Andrea. "For All Those Who Were Indian in a Former life". in: Adams, C., ed. Ecofeminism and the Sacred. New York: Continuum; 1994: 168–171.
Wallis, Robert J., Shamans/neo-Shamans: Ecstasy, Alternative Archaeologies and Contemporary Pagans. London: Routledge, 2003.
Wernitznig, Dagmar, Going Native or Going Naive? White Shamanism and the Neo-Noble Savage. Lanham, Maryland, United States; University Press of America; 2003.
Znamenski, Andrei, ed. Shamanism: Critical Concepts, 3 vols. London: Routledge, 2004.
External links
New Age Frauds and Plastic Shamans
Nuage Tricksters
Declarations and resolutions
United Nations Declaration on the Rights of Indigenous Peoples
Declaration of War Against Exploiters of Lakota Spirituality
Resolution of the 5th Annual Meeting of the Traditional Elders Circle
Articles on selling native spirituality
Dead Indians: Too Heavy to Lift
Exposing The Fake Medicine Men and Women
Native Religions and "Plastic Medicine Men"
Ownership of Indigenous Cultures
Plastic Shamans and Astroturf Sun Dances: New Age Commercialization of Native American Spirituality
Selling Native Spirituality
The Selling of Indian Culture
Spiritual Hucksterism: The Rise of the Plastic Medicine Men
First Nations culture
Cultural appropriation
Fraud
Indigenous politics
Native American religion
Neoshamanism
Supernatural healing
Slang
Traditional knowledge | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plastic%20shaman |
Herbert George Flaxman Spurrell M.A. M.B. B.Ch. F.Z.S. (20 June 1877 – 8 November 1918) was a British biologist, physician and author whose work in South America and Africa led to the discovery of several new species.
Family and education
Spurrell was born in Eastbourne, Sussex, where is father, Herbert Spurrell, practised as an architect in partnership with Robert Knott Blessley. He was descended from the Spurrell family of Norfolk and was a nephew of the archaeologist Flaxman Charles John Spurrell.
As a student at Merton College, Oxford, Spurrell was a member of the Bodley Club. He completed his medical training at the London Hospital, qualifying in 1907, before studying under Gustav Mann at Tulane University in Louisiana, where he was also assistant professor of physiology. In 1912 he was awarded a further degree by the London School of Tropical Medicine.
Career
Spurrell's zoological research led to the discovery and classification of fish, reptiles and frogs from South America and West Africa, particularly from Colombia and the Gold Coast. He donated several specimens to London Zoo, and in recognition of his work was elected a Fellow of the Zoological Society.
Among the species named after him are Spurrell's free-tailed bat and Spurrell's woolly bat. He is also commemorated in the scientific names of three species of reptiles (Amphisbaena spurrelli, Kinosternon spurrelli, and Micrurus spurrelli) and two amphibians (Atelopus spurrelli and Agalychnis spurrelli).
After a year serving as temporary medical officer at Obuasi on the Gold Coast, Spurrell joined the Royal Army Medical Corps as a lieutenant (later captain) in 1917. He died of pneumonia at Alexandria, Egypt, on 8 November 1918, and is buried at the Hadra War Memorial Cemetery.
Spurrell also wrote a historical novel. At Sunrise: A story of the Beltane (1904) is set in Iron Age Britain at the time of the Roman Conquest.
Works
Spurrell published a number of scientific papers and was also the author of several works of fiction and non-fiction:
The Commonwealth of Cells: Some popular essays on human physiology, Bailliere, Tindall & Cox (1901)
Out of the Past, Greening (1903)
At Sunrise: A story of the Beltane, Greening (1904)
Patriotism: A biological study, George Bell & Sons (1911)
Modern Man and his Forerunners: A short study of the human species living and extinct, George Bell & Sons (1917)
References
1877 births
1918 deaths
English zoologists
Fellows of the Zoological Society of London
British Army personnel of World War I
Royal Army Medical Corps officers
Alumni of Merton College, Oxford
20th-century English novelists
English historical novelists
Writers of historical fiction set in antiquity
Deaths from pneumonia in Egypt | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herbert%20George%20Flaxman%20Spurrell |
Hydropsychoidea is a superfamily of caddisflies.
References
Trichoptera
Insect superfamilies | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hydropsychoidea |
Claude Tresmontant (5 August 1925 – 16 April 1997) was a French philosopher, Hellenist, and theologian.
Biography
Claude Tresmontant taught medieval philosophy and philosophy of science at the Sorbonne. He was a member of the Academy of Moral and Political Science. He was given the Maximilien-Kolbe Prize in 1973 and the Grand Prix of the Academy of Moral and Political Science for his complete works in 1987.
Works
Essai sur la pensée hébraïque, éd. O.E.I.L., 1953 (republishing 1956).
Études de métaphysique biblique, éd. O.E.I.L., 1955 (republishing 1998).
Introduction à la pensée de Teilhard de Chardin, Éditions du Seuil, 1956.
Saint Paul et le mystère du Christ, Éditions du Seuil, Collections Microcosme « Maîtres spirituels », 1956 (republishing 2006).
La doctrine morale des prophètes d'Israël, Éditions du Seuil, 1958.
Essai sur la connaissance de Dieu, Éditions du Cerf, 1959.
Maurice Blondel. Lucien Laberthonnière. Correspondance philosophique, éd. O.E.I.L., 1961.
La métaphysique du christianisme et la naissance de la philosophie chrétienne, Éditions du Seuil, 1961 (republishing 1968).
Les idées maîtresses de la métaphysique chrétienne, Éditions du Seuil, 1962.
Les origines de la philosophie chrétienne, éd. O.E.I.L., 1962.
Introduction à la métaphysique de Maurice Blondel, Éditions du Seuil, 1963.
La métaphysique du christianisme et la crise du XIIIe siècle, Éditions du Seuil, 1964.
Comment se pose aujourd'hui le problème de l'existence de Dieu, Éditions du Seuil, 1966 (republishing 2002).
Le problème de la Révélation, Éditions du Seuil, 1969.
L'enseignement de Ieschoua de Nazareth, Éditions du Seuil, 1970 (republishing 1980).
Sciences de l'univers et problèmes métaphysiques, Éditions du Seuil, 1970.
Le problème de l'âme, Éditions du Seuil, 1971.
Le problème de l'athéisme, Éditions du Seuil, 1972.
Introduction à la théologie chrétienne, Éditions du Seuil, 1974.
La mystique chrétienne et l'avenir de l'homme, Éditions du Seuil, 1977.
La crise moderniste, Éditions du Seuil, 1979 (republishing 1988).
Problèmes du christianisme, Éditions du Seuil, 1980.
Le prophétisme hébreu, éd. O.E.I.L., 1982 (republishing 1997).
Le Christ hébreu, présentation et imprimatur de Monseigneur Jean-Charles Thomas, éd. O.E.I.L., 1983 (republishing 1992).
Apocalypse de Jean, éd. O.E.I.L., 1984 (republishing 2005).
Évangile de Jean, éd. O.E.I.L., 1984.
L'Histoire de l'Univers et le sens de la Création, éd. O.E.I.L., 1985 (republishing 2006).
Évangile de Matthieu, éd. O.E.I.L., 1986 (republishing 1996).
L'opposition métaphysique au monothéisme hébreu : de Spinoza à Heidegger, éd. O.E.I.L., 1986.
Évangile de Luc, éd. O.E.I.L., 1987.
Les premiers éléments de la théologie, François-Xavier de Guibert, éd. O.E.I.L., 1987.
Évangile de Marc, éd. O.E.I.L., 1988.
Schaoul qui s'appelle aussi Paulus. La théorie de la métamorphose, éd. O.E.I.L., 1988.
Les métaphysiques principales : essai de typologie, éd. O.E.I.L., 1989.
Les malentendus principaux de la théologie, éd. O.E.I.L., 1990 (republishing 2007).
Les Évangiles : Jean, Matthieu, Marc, Luc, éd. O.E.I.L., 1991 (republishing 2007).
Problèmes de notre temps : chroniques, éd. O.E.I.L, 1991.
La question du miracle : à propos des Évangiles : analyse philosophique, éd. O.E.I.L., 1992.
Enquête sur l'Apocalypse : auteur, datation, signification, éd. O.E.I.L., 1994.
L'activité métaphysique de l'intelligence et la théologie, éd. O.E.I.L., 1996.
Le Bon et le Mauvais. Christianisme et politique, éd. O.E.I.L., 1996.
La finalité de la Création, le salut et le risque de perdition, éd. O.E.I.L., 1996.
Judaïsme et christianisme, éd. O.E.I.L., 1996.
La pensée de l'Église de Rome. Rome et Constantinople, éd. O.E.I.L., 1996.
La Prescience de Dieu, la prédestination et la liberté humaine, éd. O.E.I.L., 1996.
La question de l'immortalité de l'âme, éd. O.E.I.L., 1996.
La christologie du bienheureux Jean Duns Scot, l'Immaculée Conception et l'avenir de l'Église, Éditions du Seuil, 1997.
Quel avenir pour le christianisme ? : « Tâches de la pensée chrétienne aujourd'hui » et autres textes sur la problématique générale du christianisme, éd. O.E.I.L., 2001.
Réalisme intégral : Claude Tresmontant, métaphysicien de la création ; Anthologie de l'œuvre publiée, présentation Paul Mirault, préface Yves Tourenne, éd. François-Xavier de Guibert, 2012.
References
1925 births
1997 deaths
Academic staff of the University of Paris
French male non-fiction writers
20th-century French philosophers
20th-century French male writers
French hellenists
French Hebraists
Writers from Paris | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Claude%20Tresmontant |
Ijaazat () is an 1987 Indian Hindi-language musical romance film directed by Gulzar, based on a Bengali story, Jatugriha by Subodh Ghosh. Starring Rekha, Naseeruddin Shah and Anuradha Patel in leading roles, the film followed the story of couple who are separated and who accidentally meet in a railway station waiting room and discover some truths about their lives without each other. The film belongs to the art-house genre in India known as Parallel Cinema, and won two National Film Awards in the music category. The movie is based on the 1964 Bengali movie Jatugriha.
Plot
The film is narrated as a present-day encounter between a divorced couple interwoven with flashbacks of several instances in their marriage. Mahender (Naseeruddin Shah) gets off a train and makes his way to the station waiting room just as it starts to rain heavily. His ex-wife, Sudha (Rekha), is already sitting in the waiting room but he fails to notice her. Upon seeing him, Sudha tries to hide from him but later they accidentally run into each other.
In the first of many flashbacks, Mahender meets Sudha's father figure (Shammi Kapoor) who urges him to consider keeping his vow of marrying Sudha. He had been engaged to Sudha for 5 years but always made an excuse to delay their wedding. Sudha's father figure has already fixed the wedding date and urges Mahender to show up. Mahender meets with Sudha to discuss his ongoing relationship with Maya (Anuradha Patel). Sudha asks Mahender to bring Maya to her (Sudha's) father figure and reveal his intention of marrying Maya instead. Mahender returns to his place for Maya but finds that she has left, leaving him a letter. Later, Mahender marries Sudha and has an amicable relationship with Maya simultaneously. Mahender often speaks with Maya as a friend but wishes to get over her and pursue a normal, married life with Sudha who remains wary of Maya's presence in her marriage. When Maya attempts suicide, Mahender feels guilty and starts spending more time with her. Sudha, not knowing about Maya's suicide attempt and believing that Mahender is being unfaithful to her, feels that her marriage was a mistake, and questions Mahender about his intentions. He then tells her strongly that he is going to bring Maya home to talk to her. Sudha is opposed to this but Mahender leaves nevertheless to bring Maya. However, Maya overhears Mahender and Sudha's arguments on the phone and she leaves before Mahender reaches to pick her up. Returning home without Maya, he finds that Sudha has left as well. Mahender, unable to bear the shock, suffers from a heart attack. Maya nurses him back to health while Sudha stays out of contact with Mahender and continues as a teacher in Panchgani. Later, Mahender feels the that it is time to bring Sudha back home. However, just then, he receives a letter from Sudha stating her intentions to abandon the marriage and cut off all contact with Mahender. After an argument with Mahender, Maya feels estranged at this abrupt change in their relationship and rides off on her motorcycle early in the dawn. Mahender rushes to follow her in his car to stop her. Maya's scarf gets entangled in the rear wheel of the motorcycle, which derails her off the vehicle and she dies from the injuries.
In the present day, after finding out about Mahender and Maya's fate, Sudha is deeply saddened. Just as Mahendra approaches her to ask about her life, her new husband (Shashi Kapoor) enters the room to pick her up. As Sudha's husband leaves the waiting room with her luggage, Mahender asks her to forgive him. She touches Mahender's feet as a plea for his forgiveness and for his permission (Ijaazat) for her to leave him—saying that this was something which she had not received the last time they had separated. Sudha's husband returns to see what is holding her up, recognises Mahender, and smiles at him. Sudha and her husband leave the waiting room and the platform while Mahender hangs back.
Cast
Rekha as Sudha
Naseeruddin Shah as Mahendra
Anuradha Patel as Maya
Shammi Kapoor as Mahendra's Grandfather
Shashi Kapoor as Sudha's Husband
Dina Pathak as Principal
Sulbha Deshpande as Sudha's Mother
Ram Mohan
Rita Rani Kaul
Ashok Mehta
Rajesh Bombaywala
Ashfaq Ahmed
Bhupinder Sharma
Sunil Advani
Monish Prem
Reception
Filmfare wrote about the film, "One of Gulzar's most sensitive films, it also remains Rekha's most poignant performance as the possessive wife, who gives up her husband (Naseeruddin Shah) rather than share him with another woman (Anuradha Patel). Mera Kuch Saaman … can anyone not be moved by it?" According to Lalit Mohan Joshi, author of the book Bollywood: popular Indian cinema, Ijaazat "recreates the tingling sensation of a mature romance. It looks at an unusual male-female relationship, a subject less often broached in Hindi films." Joshi further notes that the film "exudes a sentimental feeling that seems more touching than the recent teenybopper romance stories." M.L. Dhawan from The Tribune, while documenting the famous Hindi films of 1987, commended Gulzar for giving "a mature treatment to the eternal love triangle of pati patni aur woh (husband, wife and the other woman)." He further noted Asha Bhosle for her "soul-stirring voice [which] left an impact" and the principal cast for their "emotion-loaded performances".
Awards
35th National Film Awards:
Best Lyrics – Gulzar for "Mera Kuchh Saamaan"
Best Female Playback Singer – Asha Bhosle for "Mera Kuchh Saamaan"
34th Filmfare Awards:
Won
Best Lyricist – Gulzar for "Mera Kuch Saamaan"
Nominated
Best Supporting Actress – Anuradha Patel
Music
The film has four songs, all composed by R. D. Burman and sung by Asha Bhosle to lyrics penned by Gulzar. Burman was widely appreciated for his music in the film and the song "Mera Kuch Saamaan" was a big rage and achieved a classic status over time. Song won both writer and singer several acclodes with Asha Bhosle winning her second National Award for it. In an interview Asha Bhosle mentioned that when song "Mera Kuch Saamaan" was presented to R. D. Burman, he threw the song away calling it Times of India newspaper. Gulzar, who wrote the song and was also directing the movie, sat in a corner fearfully. She herself started humming the song which triggered the melody in Burman's mind and he composed the song in 15 minutes.
References
External links
1987 films
1980s Hindi-language films
Films scored by R. D. Burman
Films based on short fiction
Films with screenplays by Gulzar
Hindi remakes of Bengali films
Films directed by Gulzar | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ijaazat |
The Philopotamoidea are a superfamily level taxon of the order Trichoptera which contains two caddisfly families.
Trichoptera
Insect superfamilies | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philopotamoidea |
Susana Paula de Jesus Feitor, DamIH (born 28 January 1975) is a Portuguese racewalker. She was born in Alcobertas.
Achievements
References
1975 births
Living people
Portuguese female racewalkers
Athletes (track and field) at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes for Portugal
Technical University of Lisbon alumni
World Athletics Championships medalists
European Athletics Championships medalists
World Athletics Championships athletes for Portugal
Universiade medalists in athletics (track and field)
Universiade silver medalists for Portugal
Medalists at the 2001 Summer Universiade
People from Rio Maior
Sportspeople from Santarém District | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Susana%20Feitor |
The Action Front of National Socialists/National Activists (German: Aktionsfront Nationaler Sozialisten/Nationale Aktivisten; abbreviated ANS/NA) was a West German neo-Nazi organization founded in 1977 by Michael Kühnen under the name "Action Front of National Socialists" (ANS). It was based around a group of young neo-Nazis in Hamburg. Upon founding the group Kühnen declared "we are a revolutionary party dedicated to restoring the values of the Third Reich" and adopted a version of the Nazi flag in which the swastika was reversed, with the spaces black and the actual cross blending into the background, as their organization's emblem. He sought to link his movement with other groups, by seeking links with Waffen-SS veterans organisations, sending a delegation to the Order of Flemish Militants-organised international neo-Nazi rallies in Diksmuide and working closely with the Wiking-Jugend.
The ANS quickly gained a reputation for provocative action, attracting much attention in 1978 when its members clashed with police after staging a "Justice for Hitler" rally. In 1977 and 1978, ANS members robbed a number of banks and stole weapons from military bases. Accused of planning to bomb NATO facilities and a memorial for the victims of the Bergen-Belsen concentration camp and wanting to liberate Rudolf Hess, a former Nazi politician, from prison, six members were arrested and convicted to eleven years in prison. Kühnen, himself, was jailed for inciting racial hatred and violence in 1979 after being charged with setting up a terrorist organisation. While in prison, Kühnen wrote Die zweite Revolution (The second Revolution), a program for the ANS. The title referred to the SA leader Ernst Röhm's plans in 1934. Because Kühnen played such a central role in the organization, its activities diminished considerably during his imprisonment. In 1981, Johannes Bügner, a former member of the ANS, was killed by five ANS members for leaving the group and for allegedly being gay.
Despite Kühnen's imprisonment, the group continued and, after Kühnen was released from prison in November 1982, it merged with the National Activists (Nationale Aktivisten), a like-minded movement based in Frankfurt, under the leadership of Arndt-Heinz Marx, and in Fulda, where it included . Among the ANS/NA's other leading members were Christian Worch and Bela Ewald Althans.
By 1983 the group had some 270 members with other thirty local organisations or "comradeships" (Kameradschaften) and continued to attract attention by holding rallies and leafleting events and posting bills and graffiti. Consisting of both a legal and a clandestine wing, the organization's structure was modeled on Hitler's SA. Its five central goals were ending Germany's ban on the Nazi Party, the expulsion of non-Germans from the country, protecting the environment, opposing the United States, and finally the unification of a neutral and socialist Germany. The organization worked closely with Gary Lauck, a German-American neo-Nazi in Nebraska, and his NSDAP/AO. This organization published literature, stickers and the like illegal under Germany's ban on Nazi propaganda and exported it to Germany and the ANS/NA.
However the ANS/NA was banned by the Ministry of the Interior in 1983 and Kühnen fled to France, but was soon deported back to Germany. The ban was not unexpected and most of its members resurfaced in a group called Die Bewegung (the Movement) and in the Free German Workers' Party (Freie Deutsche Arbeiterpartei; FAP), a political party linked to Die Bewegung. The group was officially dissolved on 7 December. A minor political party that had stood for election in the 1983 election to the Landtag of Hesse, Aktion Ausländerrückführung – Volksbewegung gegen Überfremdung und Umweltzerstörung, was banned at the same time after being adjudged a front movement of ANS/NA.
Kühnen re-emerged soon afterwards with a new group called Nationale Sammlung, although this too was banned in 1989. Following this he began a tactic of regularly forming new movements in an attempt to keep ahead of any bans, a policy he continued to exercise until his death in 1991.
Bibliography
"Solche Elemente", Der Spiegel 24/1981. p. 104
"Unser Traum", Der Spiegel 42/1984, pp. 110-113.
Jeffrey M. Bale, "Kühnen, Michael (1955-1991)", Cyprian Blamires, "World Fascism: A Historical Encyclopedia", Volume 2, ABC-CLIO, 2006
Christopher T. Husbands, "Militant Neo-Nazism in the Federal Republic of Germany in the 1980s", Luciano Cheles, Ronnie Ferguson & Michalina Vaughan, Neo-Fascism in Europe, Longman, 1991, pp. 86–119
Martin A. Lee, The Beast Reawakens, Warner Books, 1997
Lee McGowan, The Radical Right in Germany: 1870 To the Present, Pearson Education, 2002
Armin Pfahl-Traughber, Rechtsextremismus in der Bundesrepublik, Beck, 2006
References
Neo-Nazism in Germany
Neo-Nazi organizations
Defunct organisations based in Germany
Banned political parties in Germany
Political organisations based in Germany
Political parties established in 1977
1983 disestablishments in West Germany
German nationalist organizations
1977 establishments in West Germany | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Action%20Front%20of%20National%20Socialists/National%20Activists |
Ovayok Territorial Park (sometimes Uvajuq, formerly Mount Pelly) is a park situated east of Cambridge Bay, in the Kitikmeot Region, Nunavut, Canada. The park is relatively small and covers an area of approximately . The park can be accessed by vehicle from the community as a gravel road runs directly to it.
The park has a wide variety of wildlife with muskox being predominant; there are also barren-ground caribou, Arctic hare, Arctic fox, and North American brown lemmings. There are several lakes within the park and most contain Arctic char and lake trout. Birds include Arctic terns, ptarmigan, Canada geese, snowy owls and the common raven.
There are several archaeological sites within the park and these include tent rings and food caches. Thule and Paleo-Eskimo camp sites and artifacts has also been found nearby, suggesting that the area has been in use for at least a 1,000 years.
The predominant feature of the park is the large esker known as Uvayuq (formerly Mount Pelly) that rises to approximately . Behind this are two more eskers called Inuuhuktu (Baby Pelly) and Amaaqtuq (Lady Pelly).
Inuit legend says that the three hills are a family of starving giants. They were crossing Victoria Island looking for food and the father, Uvayuq, died first. Next the son, Inuuhuktu (English; "teenaged boy"), died and was followed by the mother, Amaaqtuq (English; "packing baby", see amauti), who was carrying her baby.
See also
List of Nunavut parks
References
Nunavut Handbook - Joe Otokiak
Cambridge Bay Elders
Further reading
Pelly, David F., Elsie Anaginak Klengenberg, and Kim Crockatt. Uvajuq The Origin of Death. Cambridge Bay, Nunavut: Kitikmeot Heritage Society, 1999.
External links
Nunavut Parks - Ovayok
Ovayok Territorial Park at Travel Nunavut
Parks in Kitikmeot Region
Archaeological sites in Nunavut
Prehistory of the Arctic
Former populated places in the Kitikmeot Region
Year of establishment missing
Territorial parks of Nunavut
Victoria Island (Canada) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ovayok%20Territorial%20Park |
The Spicipalpia are a suborder of Trichoptera, the caddisflies. The four families included in this suborder all have the character of pointed maxillary palps in the adults. The larvae of the different families have varying lifestyles, from free-living to case-making, but all construct cases in their final larval instar for pupation or at an earlier instar as a precocial pupation behavior. Although recognized under some phylogenies, molecular analysis has shown this group is likely not monophyletic.
External links
Tree Of Life Trichoptera Page
Insect suborders | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spicipalpia |
The Alliance for Inclusive Education (ALLFIE) campaigns for the right of all disabled learners (including those with SEN) to be included and fully supported in mainstream education from early years through to further and higher education. It is a national campaigning and information sharing network run by Disabled people. ALLFIE was set up in London in 1990. ALLFIE's Director is Tara Flood.
Activities
ALLFIE lobbies for changes in legislation and policy that will increase access to mainstream education for disabled learners, and campaigns against educational reforms that undermine the full inclusion of disabled pupils and students. ALLFIE produces a termly magazine 'Inclusion Now' which features experiences of teachers, students and parents on their experiences of the education system, as well as feature articles on policy and practice.
ALLFIE's website hosts a number of resources on inclusive education. In 2013 ALLFIE produced a website and associated education pack based on a 2-year oral history project that interviewed more than 50 disabled people about their experiences of school. The "How Was School?" project sought to map the timeline of change from disabled learners having no access to education, through segregated education in special schools, to the present day where many disabled learners are well supported in mainstream education.
Campaigning
ALLFIE's campaigns are the core of its work. Current campaigns include “We Know Inclusion Works” which gathers evidence from young people, their families and education professionals about inclusive education working in practice. The “Educate Don’t Segregate” campaign was set up to counter the many attacks on inclusive education, such as proposals to expand selective education and cuts to Disabled Students Allowance.
Principles
ALLFIE believes that the whole education experience should be inclusive of disabled learners, both inside and outside the classroom. Disabled and non-disabled learners learning together creates opportunities for the building of relationships and the creation of an inclusive society that welcomes everyone.
Article 24 of the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities states that inclusive education is a right.
ALLFIE's principles, as stated in their manifesto are:
Diversity enriches and strengthens all communities
All learners' different learning styles and achievements are equally valued, respected and celebrated by society
All learners are enabled to fulfil their potential by taking into account individual requirements and needs
Support is guaranteed and fully resourced across the whole learning experience
All learners need friendship and support from people of their own age.
All children and young people are educated together as equals in their local communities
Inclusive Education is incompatible with segregated provision both within and outside mainstream education
See also
Parents for Inclusion
Campaign for State Education
Centre for Studies on Inclusive Education
References
External links
Official website
Education in the London Borough of Lambeth
Educational organisations based in the United Kingdom
Organisations based in the London Borough of Lambeth
Stockwell | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alliance%20for%20Inclusive%20Education |
In applied probability, a Markov additive process (MAP) is a bivariate Markov process where the future states depends only on one of the variables.
Definition
Finite or countable state space for J(t)
The process is a Markov additive process with continuous time parameter t if
is a Markov process
the conditional distribution of given depends only on .
The state space of the process is R × S where X(t) takes real values and J(t) takes values in some countable set S.
General state space for J(t)
For the case where J(t) takes a more general state space the evolution of X(t) is governed by J(t) in the sense that for any f and g we require
.
Example
A fluid queue is a Markov additive process where J(t) is a continuous-time Markov chain.
Applications
Çinlar uses the unique structure of the MAP to prove that, given a gamma process with a shape parameter that is a function of Brownian motion, the resulting lifetime is distributed according to the Weibull distribution.
Kharoufeh presents a compact transform expression for the failure distribution for wear processes of a component degrading according to a Markovian environment inducing state-dependent continuous linear wear by using the properties of a MAP and assuming the wear process to be temporally homogeneous and that the environmental process has a finite state space.
Notes
Markov processes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markov%20additive%20process |
Tigranes III (50s BC–8 BC) was a prince of the Kingdom of Armenia and member of the Artaxiad dynasty who served as a Roman client king of Armenia.
Family background and early life
Tigranes III was the second son born to Artavasdes II of Armenia by an unnamed mother. Tigranes III had an elder brother called Artaxias II and an unnamed sister who possibly married King Archelaus of Cappadocia. He was born and raised in Armenia. Tigranes III was the namesake of his paternal grandfather, a previous ruling Armenian King Tigranes the Great, also known as Tigranes II.
Life in Roman captivity and rise to the Armenian kingship
The Roman Triumvir Mark Antony had captured Artavasdes II with his family, in which they were taken as political prisoners to Alexandria where Artavasdes II was later executed there on the orders of Ptolemaic Greek Queen Cleopatra VII of Egypt. In 34 BC, Artaxias II had escaped and fled to King Phraates IV of Parthia. With the support of Phraates IV, he invaded Armenia and place Artaxias II on the throne.
Sometime after the Battle of Actium in September 31 BC and Octavian (future Roman emperor Augustus) invaded Egypt in 30 BC in which he annexed the country to the rule of the Roman Republic, Tigranes III was taken from Alexandria to live in Rome. In Rome, Tigranes III had lived in political exile, in which during that time he was educated there. In 20 BC after living in Rome for 10 years, Artaxias II proved to be an unpopular leader with his people.
As the Armenians lost faith in their ruling monarch, they sent messengers to Augustus requesting him to remove Artaxias II from his throne and to install Tigranes III as his successor. Augustus agreed to the request from the Armenians. Augustus sent his step-son Tiberius, with Tigranes III with a large army to depose Artaxias II. Before Tiberius and Tigranes III arrived in Armenia, a cabal within the palace was successful in murdering Artaxias II. The Romans installed Tigranes III as the new King of Armenia unopposed.
Armenian kingship
Tigranes III ruled as King of Armenia for 12 years. Although he reigned for a substantial period of time, little is known on his reign. His Armenian kingship brought peace, stability to Armenia in which peaceful relations between Rome and Armenia were maintained.
Tigranes III was survived by two children from two different unnamed mothers: a son called Tigranes IV and a daughter, called Erato, who succeeded their father on the Armenian throne.
References
Sources
Res Gestae Divi Augusti, Paragraph 27 - 1st century
R. Naroll, V.L. Bullough & F. Naroll, Military Deterrence in History: A Pilot Cross-Historical Survey, SUNY Press, 1974
H. Temporini & W. Haase, Politische Geschichte (Provinzen Und Randv Lker: Griechischer Balkanraum; Kleinasien): Griechischer Balkanraum; Kleinasien), Walter de Gruyter, 1980
E. Yarshater, The Cambridge History of Iran, Cambridge University Press, 1983
P.M. Swan, The Augustan Succession: An Historical Commentary on Cassius Dio's Roman History, Books 55-56 (9 B.C.-A.D. 14) (Google eBook), Oxford University Press, 2004
M. Bunsen, Encyclopedia of the Roman Empire, Infobase Printing, 2009
T. Daryaee, The Oxford Handbook of Iranian History, Oxford University Press, 2012
History of Armenia by Vahan Kurkjian, Chapter 14: Artavazd – The last Tigranes
External links
Coinage of Tigranes III
Coinage of Tigranes III
1st-century BC kings of Armenia
Roman client kings of Armenia
Artaxiad dynasty | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tigranes%20III |
Miguel Ángel Rodríguez Gallegos (born 5 January 1967 in Chihuahua) is a Mexican race walker.
Achievements
External links
1967 births
Living people
Mexican male racewalkers
Athletes (track and field) at the 1991 Pan American Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 1995 Pan American Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes for Mexico
World Athletics Championships medalists
Pan American Games silver medalists for Mexico
Pan American Games medalists in athletics (track and field)
Medalists at the 1991 Pan American Games
Medalists at the 1995 Pan American Games
20th-century Mexican people
Sportspeople from Chihuahua City | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miguel%20%C3%81ngel%20Rodr%C3%ADguez%20%28racewalker%29 |
The Herefordshire Beacon is one of the highest peaks of the Malvern Hills. It is surrounded by a British Iron Age hill fort earthwork known as British Camp. The fort subsequently had a ringwork and bailey castle built inside its boundary and there is evidence of 120 huts in the area. British Camp has been a scheduled monument since 1923.
On the eastern slope of Herefordshire Beacon, there is a disused reservoir, British Camp Reservoir, which holds approximately of water.
Geography
Herefordshire Beacon represents one of the Malvern Hills, high, and is the second highest summit in the hills. It is within the county of Herefordshire, but is directly adjacent to the border with Worcestershire to the east.
British Camp
Atop Herefordshire Beacon, there is an Iron Age hill fort, known as British Camp, and would have held a settlement between 4th century BCE and 1st century CE. A ringwork and bailey castle was built within the site of the hill fort, and there is evidence of 120 huts having been built within the boundaries of the fort. The hill fort received scheduled monument status on 10 August 1923.
Nearby to British Camp, on the eastern slope of Herefordshire Beacon, there is a reservoir called British Camp Reservoir. It has a capacity of , although it has not been used for many years. In 2017, Severn Trent proposed to dismantle the treatment plant associated with the reservoir and drain it, leaving an pond.
References
External links
Hills of Herefordshire
Malvern Hills | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herefordshire%20Beacon |
The Glossosomatoidea are a superfamily of the class Insecta and order Trichoptera.
References
Insect superfamilies
Spicipalpia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Glossosomatoidea |
"Rhyacophiloidea" may also be the name of the entire "Spicipalpia", when these are treated as a superfamily inside the Annulipalpia.
The Rhyacophiloidea are a superfamily in the insect order Trichoptera.
References
Insect superfamilies
Spicipalpia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rhyacophiloidea |
Gulf of Hammamet () is a large gulf in northeastern Tunisia.
Geography
The Gulf of Hammamet is located south of the Cape Bon peninsula. To the other side of the Cape Bon peninsula is the Gulf of Tunis.
Hammamet, a popular vacation resort city, lies at the northwestern edge of the gulf.
References
Hammamet
Hammamet | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulf%20of%20Hammamet |
The Swoop! and Other Stories is a collection of early short stories and a novella by P. G. Wodehouse, first published in the United States on 11 April 1979 by the Seabury Press, New York City, four years after Wodehouse's death.
The collection was edited and introduced by Wodehouse's biographer, David A. Jasen, and featured an "appreciation" by Malcolm Muggeridge. The Swoop! (a satirical spoof) was published as a book in the United Kingdom in 1909, and many of the stories had previously appeared in magazines. Two of them also featured in the UK collection Tales of St. Austin's (1903), and four in The Man Upstairs (1914).
Contents
The Swoop! (1909)
"Bradshaw's Little Story" (appeared in Tales of St. Austin's)
UK: The Captain, July 1902
"A Shocking Affair" (also in Tales of St. Austin's)
UK: Puffin Post, Q2 1973
"The Politeness of Princes" (also in the 1997 collection Tales of Wrykyn and Elsewhere)
UK: The Captain, May 1905
"Shields' and the Cricket Cup" (also in Tales of Wrykyn and Elsewhere)
UK: The Captain, June 1905
"An International Affair" (also in Tales of Wrykyn and Elsewhere)
UK: The Captain, September 1905
"The Guardian" (also in Tales of Wrykyn and Elsewhere)
UK: Windsor Magazine, September 1908
"Something to Worry About" (appeared in The Man Upstairs)
UK: Strand, February 1913
"The Tuppenny Millionaire" (also in The Man Upstairs)
UK: Strand, October 1912
"Deep Waters" (also in The Man Upstairs)
US: Collier's Weekly, 28 May 1910
UK: Strand, June 1910
"The Goal-Keeper and the Plutocrat" (also in The Man Upstairs)
UK: Strand, January 1912
US: Collier's Weekly, 24 September 1924 (as "The Pitcher and the Plutocrat")
See also
A categorised list of Wodehouse's short stories
External links
The Russian Wodehouse Society's page, with some details
An alphabetical list of Wodehouse's short stories, with details of first publication and appearances in collections
1979 short story collections
Short story collections by P. G. Wodehouse | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Swoop%21%20and%20Other%20Stories |
Parents for Inclusion is a registered charity in the United Kingdom which aims to help parents of children with special educational needs and physical disabilities. The charity is pro-inclusion and was founded in 1984 as Parents in Partnership.
External links
Official website
Educational charities based in the United Kingdom | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parents%20for%20Inclusion |
Greatham is a village and civil parish in the borough of Hartlepool, County Durham, England. The population of the civil parish (including Newton Bewley) was taken in the 2011 census was 2,132. Greatham village is located approximately three miles south of Hartlepool town centre.
History
Greatham village is not mentioned in the Domesday Book, but appears first in written sources as Gretham in 1196.
Greatham is the site of the Hospital of God, founded in 1273 by the then Bishop of Durham, Robert de Stichell. Greatham Hospital was originally a foundation to aid poor people. By the 16th century the foundation was used more as a "house of entertainment for gentlemen" and it was not well used for helping the poor. After 1610 there were reforms, and its original mission was resumed.
During World War II it was the site of the short-lived RAF Greatham base.
In May 2021, the parish council of Greatham, alongside the parish councils of the villages of Elwick, Hart, and Dalton Piercy, all issued individual votes of no confidence in Hartlepool Borough Council, and expressed their desire to re-join County Durham.
Landmarks
At present the village has around a thousand occupants, separated into varying areas, Saltaire Terrace, Hillview, The Grove, The Drive, The Green, Front Street and Ashfield Close, with some village residents living in the houses located at the extremes of the village parish. A new estate is currently being built near Hill View, next door to the school and will be known as Station Manor.
There is a long history of salt works nearby, but this declined in the 18th and 19th centuries. In the middle of the 20th century, Cerebos salt works had a factory there, which was later taken over by Sharwood's. The factory has now closed and has been demolished. The site now consists of large areas of hardstanding and rubble.
Greatham railway station was positioned near the old Cerebos factory, away from the majority of the village. It survived the Beeching cuts but was later downgraded to a halt before eventually closing on 24 November 1991 due to lack of use. The station was part of the Durham Coast Line.
Amenities
Greatham is a separate village from Hartlepool, with two pubs and a village green. Other amenities include:
Whitfield's General Store
Post office (though it is currently closed)
Greatham Sports field, a large field with various sports facilities including tennis courts and a small adventure playground.
Greatham also has a small Church of England primary school. The school is open to children of all faiths. It is well equipped, with four classrooms, a large multi-purpose school hall with gym equipment, a kitchen and a dedicated nursery area. The school grounds include a nature garden, which is looked after by the pupils, a formal garden and a large playing field.
The Church, dedicated to St. John the Baptist, was erected over the foundations of an early Saxon building, by Bishop Stichell of Durham, in 1270. It was rebuilt in 1792, a clerestory added by the Rev. H. B. Tristram in 1869, and a new vestry and organ, at a cost of £650, by the present vicar in 1881. It consists of nave, aisles, chancel, and a square western tower of modest dimensions. The exterior of the church is neat and attractive; the recent additions, especially the clerestory, which is lighted by elegant quatrefoils, have been well carried out, and add much to the general appearance of the structure.'
[From History, Topography and Directory of Durham, Whellan, London, 1894]
Transport
A bus service is operated by Stagecoach. The number 36 bus route comes every 15 minutes, heading towards Middlesbrough via Stockton, Billingham and Norton and to Hartlepool via the Fens. There was also the 527 Service, operated by Arriva, which came every 60 minutes, and headed into Hartlepool, terminating at Maritime Avenue on the Marina. This service was axed in 2011 due to the withdrawal of financial support from Hartlepool Borough Council. A petition was signed by residents to encourage this decision to be re-evaluated but has not had the service reinstated.
There was once an operating railway station at the bottom of the village, but this is now disused and derelict however the Middlesbrough to Carlisle trains still pass through the village.
References
External links
Villages in County Durham
Civil parishes in County Durham
Borough of Hartlepool
Places in the Tees Valley | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greatham%2C%20County%20Durham |
Lade is a coastal hamlet in the county of Kent, England.
Lade is adjacent to, and north of, Lydd-on-Sea. It had a railway station on the Romney, Hythe and Dymchurch Railway which is now closed.
References
Hamlets in Kent
Beaches of Kent
Lydd | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lade%2C%20Kent |
Driton Dovolani (born July 17, 1973), commonly known as Tony Dovolani is an Albanian-American professional ballroom dancer, instructor and judge. He is known for his involvement in the American version of Dancing with the Stars on ABC. Dovolani also portrayed Slick Willy in the hit film Shall We Dance? and spent time coaching actress Jennifer Lopez.
Early life
Dovolani was born in Pristina, Kosovo to Albanian parents from Debar. He began folk dancing at the age of three. At the age of fifteen, his family moved to Stamford, Connecticut. He got the opportunity to attend classes at a Fred Astaire Dance Academy.
Dancing with the Stars
Dovolani joined the show in its second season and was partnered with professional wrestler Stacy Keibler; they made it to the finals and finished in third place. In Season 3, he was partnered with country music star Sara Evans. Midway through the season, Evans withdrew from the competition for personal reasons. He returned to the show on March 19 for Season 4, this time partnered with talk show host Leeza Gibbons. They were the third couple eliminated from the competition and finished in 9th place.
He competed in Season 5, partnered with actress Jane Seymour. They were the seventh couple eliminated from the competition and finished in sixth place. In Season 6, his partner was Broadway actress Marissa Jaret Winokur. They were eliminated in the semi-finals and finished in fourth place.
Dovolani competed in Season 7 of Dancing with the Stars with actress Susan Lucci of All My Children as his partner. They were eliminated in Week 7 and came in sixth.
In the eighth season, he was originally paired with Nancy O'Dell, the then-host of Access Hollywood. However, on March 5 she withdrew from the competition because of a torn meniscus sustained during pre-season practice. With only two days to practice, Melissa Rycroft, fresh off her The Bachelor appearance, stepped in and became his new celebrity partner. They made it to the finals and took third place in the competition.
In the ninth season, he was partnered with former model and entrepreneur Kathy Ireland. They were the third couple to be eliminated, finishing in 14th place. For Season Ten, Dovolani was partnered with former reality star Kate Gosselin from Jon and Kate Plus 8/Kate Plus 8. They were the fourth couple eliminated, finishing in 8th place.
For the eleventh season, he was partnered with The Hills star Audrina Patridge. They were the sixth couple eliminated, finishing in 7th place. For Season 12, his partner was talk show host Wendy Williams. They were the second couple eliminated, finishing in tenth place. For Season 13, his partner was singer Chynna Phillips. Phillips was eliminated in week four.
For Season 14, his partner was the tennis champion Martina Navratilova. They were the first couple to be eliminated. Dovalani was once again partnered with Melissa Rycroft for All-Stars season 15 and they became champions of the season, making him the oldest pro winner at age 39. For season 16, he partnered with country singer Wynonna Judd and was eliminated in the third week of the competition. For season 17, he was partnered with actress Leah Remini and finished in 5th place.
For Season 18, he was partnered with Real Housewives of Atlanta star NeNe Leakes and was eliminated on the seventh week of competition, finishing in seventh place. For season 19, he paired with fashion designer Betsey Johnson. They were eliminated in the fourth week of competition, finishing in tenth place. For season 20, he paired with actress & author Suzanne Somers. They were eliminated on Week 5 and finished in 9th place.
For season 21, he was paired with reality star Kim Zolciak-Biermann. After suffering from a mini-stroke, Biermann had to withdraw from the competition during Week 3 because she was not clear to travel.
For season 22, he was partnered with actress Marla Maples. They were eliminated on April 11, 2016, and came in 10th place.
On February 8, 2018, Dovolani revealed that he had officially left Dancing with the Stars.
Performances by the Season
With Stacy Keibler
Average: 27.7
With Sara Evans
Average: 21.0
With Leeza Gibbons
Average: 19.0
With Jane Seymour
Average: 24.5
With Marissa Jaret Winokur
Average: 23.8
With Susan Lucci
Average: 21.3
Score was awarded by stand in judge Michael Flatley.
With Melissa Rycroft
Average: 26.8
With Kathy Ireland
Average: 17.0
Score was awarded by stand in judge Baz Luhrmann.
With Kate Gosselin
Average: 15.5
With Audrina Patridge
Average: 23.0
With Wendy Williams
Average: 15.3
With Chynna Phillips
Average: 22.5
{| class="wikitable"
|- style="text-align: center; background:#ccc;"
| rowspan="2"|Week #
| rowspan="2"|Dance/Song
| colspan="3"|Judges' score
| rowspan="2"|Result
|- style="text-align: center; background:#ccc;"
| style="width:10%; "|Inaba
| style="width:10%; "|Goodman
| style="width:10%; "|Tonioli
|-
| style="text-align: center; background:#faf6f6;"|1
| style="text-align: center; background:#faf6f6;"|Viennese Waltz / "If I Ain't Got You"
| style="text-align: center; background:#faf6f6;"|8
| style="text-align: center; background:#faf6f6;"|7
| style="text-align: center; background:#faf6f6;"|7
| style="text-align: center; background:#faf6f6;"|Safe
|-
| style="text-align: center; background:#faf6f6;"|2
| style="text-align: center; background:#faf6f6;"|Jive / "The Boy Does Nothing"
| style="text-align: center; background:#faf6f6;"|7
| style="text-align: center; background:#faf6f6;"|7
| style="text-align: center; background:#faf6f6;"|7
| style="text-align: center; background:#faf6f6;"|Safe
|-
| style="text-align: center; background:#faf6f6;"|3
| style="text-align: center; background:#faf6f6;"|Rumba / "Hold On"
| style="text-align: center; background:#faf6f6;"|8
| style="text-align: center; background:#faf6f6;"|9
| style="text-align: center; background:#faf6f6;"|9
| style="text-align: center; background:#faf6f6;"|Safe
|-
| style="text-align: center; background:#faf6f6;"|4
| style="text-align: center; background:#faf6f6;"|Tango / "Theme from Mission: Impossible"
| style="text-align: center; background:#faf6f6;"|7
| style="text-align: center; background:#faf6f6;"|7
| style="text-align: center; background:#faf6f6;"|7
| style="text-align: center; background:#faf6f6;"|Eliminated
|}
With Martina Navratilova
Average: 18.5
With Melissa Rycroft
Average: 28.0
The additional score of 9.5 was awarded by guest judge Paula Abdul.
With Wynonna Judd
Average: 17.0
With Leah Remini
Average: 24.8
Score was given by guest judge Julianne Hough.
Week 8 score was given by Cher.
The additional score of Week 10 was given by Maksim Chmerkovskiy.
With NeNe Leakes
Average: 23.5
1The additional score of Week 3 was given by Robin Roberts
2For this week only, as part of the "Partner Switch-Up" week, NeNe Leakes did not perform with Dovolani and instead performed with Derek Hough.
3Additional score of Week 4 was given by Julianne Hough
4Additional score of Week 5 was given by Donny Osmond
5Additional score of Week 6 was given by Redfoo
6Additional score of Week 7 was given by Ricky Martin
With Betsey Johnson
Average: 26.5
1 Score given by guest judge Kevin Hart, in place of Goodman.
2The American public scored the dance in place of Goodman with the averaged score being counted alongside the three other judges.
With Suzanne Somers
Average: 26.8
With Kim Zolciak-Biermann
Average: 16.3
With Marla Maples
Average: 20.8
1 Score given by guest judge Zendaya.
Dancing
Ballroom dancing is all about the woman, according to Dovolani. He believes the man is meant to be the frame for the picture of beauty as presented by the woman.
Dovolani and his partner Elena Grinenko have recently retired from competing in the American rhythm division. Prior to his partnership with Elena, he danced with Inna Ivanenko and Lisa Regal.
Achievements
2006 nominated for an Emmy for outstanding choreography for Dancing with the Stars for episode #208 (Dance: Jive).
2006 PBS America's Ballroom Challenge Rhythm Champion
2006 Emerald Ball Open Professional American Rhythm Champion
2006 United States Open Rhythm Champion with Elena Grinenko
2006 World Rhythm Champion with Elena Grinenko
2005 Ohio Star Ball American Rhythm Champion
2005 United States Open Rhythm Champion with Inna Ivanenko
2005 World Rhythm Champion with Inna Ivanenko
Outside of dancing
Tony and Len Goodman appear along with Mary Murphy in an infomercial for the Core Rhythms workout system.
Dovolani and fellow dancers Maksim Chmerkovskiy and Elena Grinenko have created a website called the Ballroom Dance Channel. It is to help bring awareness to dancing. Dovolani and best friend Chmerkovskiy can often be found interviewing each other. The website is called ballroomdancechannel.com
Dovolani is the driving force behind the Superstars of Ballroom Dance Camp, an opportunity for people to learn from celebrity Pros from hit television shows. www.superstarsofballroom.com
Dovolani along with Maksim Chmerkovskiy and Valentin Chmerkovskiy opened Dance with Me Studio in Stamford, CT on April 16, 2012. The Stamford location is the fourth in the chain and the first in Connecticut started by Dovolani, Maksim Chmerkovskiy, Valentin Chmerkovskiy and their partners. The other studios are in Ridgefield, N.J., Long Island, N.Y., and Soho, N.Y. Tony left Dance With Me in middle 2018, to return to Fred Astaire, where he started learning ballroom.
Personal life
Tony is married to wife Lina, and the couple have 3 children, a daughter named Luana and twins born when Luana was 3 years old. The twins, son Adrian and daughter Ariana, were born on September 8, 2008. Tony met Lina on a blind date in 1998 and proposed to her four hours later. Tony was in the middle of rehearsals for the seventh season of Dancing with the Stars'' with partner Susan Lucci when he got the call that Lina had gone into labor.
See also
Dancesport World Champions (rhythm)
U.S. National Dancesport Champions (Professional Rhythm)
Dancing with the Stars (U.S. TV series)
References
External links
Dancing with the Stars Biography
Tony Dovolani Official MySpace Page
1973 births
American people of Albanian descent
Yugoslav emigrants to the United States
American ballroom dancers
Albanian male dancers
Albanian dancers
People from Pristina
Dancing with the Stars (American TV series) winners
Living people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony%20Dovolani |
Vice Admiral Paul David Stroop (30 October 1904 – 17 May 1995) was an officer of the United States Navy and a Naval Aviator. He held numerous high-ranking staff positions in aviation from the 1930s onward, including World War II service on the staff of the Chief of Naval Operations. During the late 1940s and early 1950s, he held various sea commands. From 1959 to 1962, he oversaw the development of the Navy's aerial weapons, including early guided missiles, as chief of the Bureau of Naval Weapons. During the later 1960s, he commanded Naval air forces in the Pacific.
Biography
Early life and career
Stroop was born in Zanesville, Ohio, but grew up in Mobile, Alabama. He graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1926, then spent the next two years on board the battleship . In 1928, he served as a member of U.S. gymnastic team at the Olympic Games in Amsterdam.
Naval aviation assignments
From 1928 to 1929, Stroop received flight training at Naval Air Station Pensacola, Florida, and in 1929 received his wings as a Naval Aviator. His first aviation assignment was with Torpedo Squadron 9, based at NAS Norfolk, Virginia. In 1932 he was transferred to Patrol Squadron 10, also based at Norfolk.
From 1932 to 1934, he undertook postgraduate work at the Naval Academy. After completing his studies, he returned to Fleet assignments. He served from 1934 to 1936 with Bombing Squadron 5, aboard the carrier . From 1936 to 1937, he was Senior Aviator aboard the cruiser . In 1937, Stroop gained his first experience in the Naval Aviation material establishment when he was assigned to the Navy's Bureau of Aeronautics (BuAer). He left BuAer in 1940 to join the staff of Admiral Aubrey Fitch, commander of Patrol Wing 2, based at Pearl Harbor, Hawaii. In 1940, Stroop became Flag Officer and Tactical Officer of Carrier Division 1 at San Diego.
World War II
After the United States entry into World War II, Stroop was transferred to Pearl Harbor. In 1942, he joined the staff of the Carrier Task Force, aboard at Pearl Harbor. From 1942 to 1943, he served as Planning Officer to the Senior Naval Commander, Air Force, South Pacific.
He next gained his own command, serving from 1943 to 1944 as Commanding Officer of the seaplane tender . Stroop spent the last months of the war in Washington, D.C., serving from 1944 to 1945 in the Navy Department as Aviation Plans Officer on the Staff of Fleet Admiral Ernest J. King, the Chief of Naval Operations and Commander in Chief, U.S. Fleet. In this capacity, Stroop attended the Yalta, Quebec, and Potsdam Conferences, later making a trip around the world to inform commands of outcome of the Yalta Conference.
Post-war activities
In 1945, Stroop left the Navy Department to become Commanding Officer of the escort carrier . He served as Fleet Aviation Officer (later Chief of Staff, Operations), in the Fifth Fleet, based at Yokosuka, Japan, from 1945 to 1946, and then as Aviation Officer (later Assistant Chief of Staff) Operations to the Commander in Chief of the Pacific Fleet (CINCPACFLT), at Pearl Harbor, in 1946-1948.
From 1948 to 1950, Stroop served as Executive Officer at the Navy's General Line School in Monterey, California, then again took up his own studies as a student at the National War College at Washington, D.C., in 1950-1951.
In 1951, Stroop became Commanding Officer of the carrier in the Sea of Japan during the Korean War. Then, in 1952, he assumed command of the , and was promoted to rear admiral. In 1953, he left the Essex to become Commanding Officer of the Naval Ordnance Test Station, China Lake, California.
From 1953 to 1955, he was Senior Member of the Weapons Systems Evaluation Group, Joint Chiefs of Staff, Navy Department, Washington. From 1955 to 1957, he served as Deputy Chief at the Bureau of Ordnance (BuOrd).
From 1957 to 1958, he was Commanding Officer of the Taiwan Patrol Force based at Okinawa, Japan. From 1959 to 1962 he was Chief of the Bureau of Naval Weapons.
Stroop served from 1962 to 1965 as Commanding Officer of the Naval Air Force, Pacific Fleet (COMNAVAIRPAC), and as Commanding Officer, First Fleet, Air PAC, with the rank of vice admiral.
He retired in 1965. After his retirement to the San Diego area, he was a consultant to Ryan Aeronautical and Teledyne Ryan of San Diego until 1992.
Stroop died at the Coronado Hospital in Coronado, California, on 17 May 1995, aged 90.
Personal life
Stroop was married to Esther Holscher Stroop from 1926 until her death in 1982. He was survived by his second wife, Kay Roeder Stroop; his two sons, two daughters, three stepdaughters, a stepson, 13 grandchildren, and 11 great-grandchildren. Stroop is buried at Fort Rosecrans National Cemetery.
References
Grossnick, Roy et al. "Part 8: The New Navy 1954-1959." United States Naval Aviation 1910-1995." 4th edition. Washington, D.C.: Naval Historical Center, 1997. Online. Naval Historical Center. Viewed 24 February 2006. http://www.history.navy.mil/avh-1910/PART08.PDF
"Stroop, Paul D., VADM, USN, 1904-1995". in A GUIDE TO ARCHIVES, MANUSCRIPTS AND ORAL HISTORIES IN THE NAVAL HISTORICAL COLLECTION. Naval War College, Newport, R.I. 2001. Compiled by Evelyn M. Cherpak, Ph.D. Online. 2001. Naval War College. Viewed 24 February 2006. https://web.archive.org/web/20051230173634/http://www.nwc.navy.mil/library/3Publications/NWCLibraryPublications/NavHistCollPubs/NHC%20Guide.doc [Source of biographical data]
It also contains public-domain information collected from the Naval War College, an institution of the United States government.''
External links
China Lake Military Leadership - from the Naval Air Warfare Center Weapons Division, China Lake
1904 births
1995 deaths
People from Zanesville, Ohio
American people of Dutch descent
United States Naval Academy alumni
Gymnasts at the 1928 Summer Olympics
Olympic gymnasts for the United States
United States Naval Aviators
United States Navy personnel of World War II
United States Navy personnel of the Korean War
United States Navy admirals
Recipients of the Legion of Merit
Burials at Fort Rosecrans National Cemetery | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20D.%20Stroop |
Band on the Wall is a live music venue in the Northern Quarter of Manchester, England.
History
Early history
The building dates back to around 1862 when a local brewery, the McKenna Brothers, built it as the flagship pub of their operation. It was called the George and Dragon; the first licence on the site was granted to Elizabeth March in 1803. No-one knows when music started to be played at the venue but market pubs were well known for their musical connections, and the nearby Smithfield Markets and textile factories ensured that this was a bustling area with many musicians and buskers. Manchester was then at its height as the first industrial city at the forefront of the Industrial Revolution.
The 'Band on the Wall' was a nickname from the 1930s when the landlord of the time Ernie Tyson placed a stage high on the far wall of the pub on which the musicians played. A regular band of two accordions, piano, drums, a singer and occasionally a saxophone would play.
During World War II the venue was popular with British, American, Canadian and French servicemen as well as the local market traders and mill workers. Italian prisoners of war and deserters were rumoured to frequent the establishment. The band often played on during air raids, particularly as they became more common. Walter Greenwood wrote that a record 24,000 bottles of beer were sold here on one day of a Bank Holiday weekend.
Later history
The area fell into decline during the middle of the 20th century as the textile manufacturing industry declined and many people left the area; the market was also suffering.
In 1975 local jazz musician Steve Morris and his business partner Frank Cusick bought the George & Dragon with the idea of turning it into a jazz club; a conversation with Johnny Roadhouse convinced them to name it the Band on the Wall. Jazz musicians from the local area as well as international artist played at the club. The late 1970s saw the emergence of a new sound, punk, and it was at the Band on the Wall that many of the Manchester punk bands played. This was part of the New Manchester Review nights, a fanzine and listings magazine which was the starting point for the now defunct City Life. Many notable post-punk bands played during this time including Buzzcocks and the Fall amongst others. The venue was also used by the Manchester Musicians Collective. An album entitled A Manchester Collection was released by Object Records featuring some of those members in April 1979. Several other bands later released music through Factory Records, including Joy Division and A Certain Ratio. In 1982 the venue briefly closed for some internal redevelopment work. It was after the reopening that the Dizzy Gillespie logo was first used. It was during this decade that the venue began to gain an international reputation for so-called "World Music" and a programme that covered multiple genres. Performers who went on to gain international reputations included Mick Hucknall, who played on several occasions as Frantic Elevators. Other notable performances came from Purrkur Pillnikk, who supported The Fall for three dates in 1982, with supporting vocals from a young Björk.
Rebirth
Band on the Wall is operated by Inner City Music Ltd, a registered charity. The organisation was awarded £3.2 million in July 2007, in combined awards by Arts Council England and the Heritage Lottery Fund as part of a £4 million project to transform the venue into a 21st-century centre for music.
The Band on the Wall was refurbished before reopening on 25 September 2009 with a performance by the venue's patrons Julian Joseph and Mica Paris.
On 18 June 2018, Inner City Music Ltd announced that Arts Council England had approved £1.65 million stage two Capital funding for the venue’s Bigger, Better, Stronger expansion plan. The plans include the renovation of the derelict Cocozza building, which adjoins the venue and the enlargement of the auditorium by demolishing the wall from which it derived its name.
Brighter Sound
Brighter Sound, formerly known as GMMAZ (Greater Manchester Music Action Zone), is a creative music education company founded in 2000 has their office at Band on the Wall. They run music projects here and elsewhere for children and young people aged up to 19, work with emerging musicians and music practitioners, and deliver organisational development for companies that work with young people through music, across Manchester and the greater North. The young people who take part write their own material and develop their skills as songwriters, musicians and collaborators. Projects last for anything from a week to a year. Brighter Sound participants have performed at the nationwide Children in Need Choir in 2011 singing "Keep Holding On" by Avril Lavigne, the Lowry Theatre, and worked with musicians such as Elbow, Schlomo and Soweto Kinch. A project delivered as a partnership between Brighter Sound and Band on the Wall in 2012 provided opportunities for emerging musicians from across the UK to work with The Unthanks.
Awards and nominations
In 2009 Band on the Wall was named by the Brecon Jazz Festival as one of 12 venues which had made the most important contributions to jazz music in the United Kingdom, reflecting its history as one of Manchester's premier jazz venues and its current role in bringing music to new audiences. It finished second in the voting for the inaugural award.
In 2010, Band on the Wall's chairperson Kathy Dyson won a Parliamentary Jazz Award for her services to education, and music programmer Mike Chadwick won a silver Sony Award for his radio work. Band on the Wall's website (and developers Cahoona) won a Big Chip Award in the 'not for profit' category.
Band on the Wall was voted the 'Best Night Spot' at the 2010 Manchester Tourism Awards.
In 2017, Band on the Wall won the award for 'Best Venue Teamwork' in the 'Arts Centre' subcategory at the Live UK Music Business Awards.
Band on the Wall was voted the 'Best live venue' at the 2019 City Life Awards.
In March 2019, Attitude is Everything awarded Band on the Wall an 'Accessibility Starts Online Award' in the 'Venue under 500 capacity' category.
See also
List of jazz clubs
List of Music Venues
References
External links
Band on the Wall website
Busking venues
Music venues in Manchester
Jazz clubs in the United Kingdom
Punk rock venues | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Band%20on%20the%20Wall |
The Massachusetts Teachers' Oath was a loyalty oath required to teach in Massachusetts from 1935 to 1967.
Passage
In response to political radicalism during the Great Depression, several states passed legislation that required public school teachers to submit signed oaths of loyalty to the state and/or federal Constitutions. This movement, supported by the national American Legion and other organizations, gained strength in Massachusetts in 1934 and 1935.
In 1935, after stormy hearings before the General Court's Joint Education Committee at which Harvard President James B. Conant, historian Samuel Eliot Morison, and the presidents of several colleges and universities spoke against the legislation, the Republican-dominated House and Senate enacted teachers' oath legislation. The oath bill was introduced by Democratic state Representative Thomas Dorgan. Dorgan became known as the "Father of the Teachers' Oath," and resisted all efforts at repeal, both in and out of office.
The Massachusetts legislation was unique in that it applied to private educational institutions as well as public. It prompted the resignations of two Tufts University professors, Earle Winslow and Alfred C. Lane in December 1935. Lane moved to Florida, but Winslow decided to run for the Democratic Party's nomination for the 9th Congressional District in 1936. In the September primary, he came in 5th out of six candidates, earning only 1,452 votes out of 27,948 cast. Thomas Dorgan lost in his bid for the nomination for Suffolk County Court Clerk. He secured a position with the state Department of Taxation, and in 1939 Democratic Mayor Maurice Tobin appointed him "legislative agent" for the City of Boston.
In force
Harvard Geology Professor Kirtley Mather took a strong stand against the oath, but under pressure from President Conant he submitted a signed oath form in December 1935. The Quaker Harvard Professor of Religion, Henry Cadbury, rejected the teacher's oath in the 1930s, for reasons of conscience, telling the truth, and as a form of social activism. He accepted the Hollis Professorship in Divinity at Harvard.
The controversy also cost the long-serving state Commissioner of Education Payson Smith his job. Smith had spoken out against the legislation during the hearings, but nevertheless strictly enforced the law despite a compromise worked out with leading educators and the Attorney General, Paul Dever. Despite this, Democratic Governor James Michael Curley wanted Smith out. Smith's term expired on December 1, 1935, and he continued to serve as Acting Commissioner while he awaited his fate. The media and educational leaders pressured Curley to re-appoint Smith, so Curley met with the Democrats on the Governor's Council in closed session shortly before they were to vote on the issue. When the Council met, Curley submitted Smith's name and it was promptly rejected. Curley then nominated Adams, Massachusetts school superintendent James G. Reardon, and the Council voted to approve him. Reardon, a graduate of Boston College, had spoken out in favor of the oath law.
Repeal
In 1936, several well-respected educators, including Morison and Mather, joined together to form the Massachusetts Society for Freedom in Teaching (MSFT) to coordinate efforts to repeal the oath legislation. This organization worked closely with educational leaders like Conant and President Daniel Marsh of Boston University to lobby for repeal. As a result of the November elections, sixty representatives who supported the oath were not returned to the House, and oath opponents hoped that this change could lead to repeal.
The Republican House and Senate did pass repeal legislation in March 1937, but the vote in both chambers proved very close: 21–19 in the Senate, and 120–112 in the House. Democratic Governor Charles Francis Hurley vetoed the legislation, claiming that it was an important part of the fight against radicals and Communists. Opponents of the oath in the House were unable to muster the two-thirds majority required to override Hurley's veto, which was sustained by a vote of 101–100.
Although newly elected Republican Governor Leverett Saltonstall indicated that he would sign a repeal bill in early 1939, it failed to pass the state legislature.
The teachers' oath legislation remained in force until invalidated by the Massachusetts Supreme Judicial Court in 1967 in its ruling on Pedlosky v. Massachusetts Institute of Technology. The Massachusetts General Court passed legislation to repeal all loyalty oaths in 1986, which was signed by Governor Michael Dukakis.
References
Cadbury, Henry. 1936. My Personal Religion. Accessed online: July 17, 2007. Unpublished manuscript in the Quaker Collection at Haverford College; lecture given to Harvard divinity students in 1936.
See also
ACLU of Massachusetts
Teacher's Oath
Teachers' Oath
Teachers' Oath
Oaths | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Massachusetts%20Teachers%27%20Oath |
Greatham ( ) is a village and civil parish in the East Hampshire district of Hampshire, England. It is north of Liss, just off the A3 road.
The nearest railway station is south of the village, at Liss.
Description
Greatham is a small village, about north of Petersfield, Hampshire, south of Farnham, Surrey and east of Alton, Hampshire. The population of Greatham is approximately 800 people living in around 400 houses. The village is situated alongside the A3 which runs between London and Portsmouth.
Greatham is a linear village, mainly located along the old Petersfield Road (the main road between Farnham and Petersfield), with additional housing along Longmoor Road, Benhams Lane and Church Lane.
At the north end of the village is Longmoor Military Camp, where remains of the Longmoor Military Railway can be seen, and the new Woolmer Link road, re-routing the A325 from Farnham to join the A3 at Longmoor Camp, by-passing the village. Traffic calming within the village aims to discourage through traffic. Also at the north end of the village is Blackmoor stores, the combined village shop and Post Office.
In the middle of the village is The Greatham Inn, the village's only public house, opposite the relatively new "Todmore" housing estate.
Further south is Greatham Primary School, which caters for around 200 pupils from the village and surrounding areas. It has a large modern extension, housing a new hall, offices and library. Opposite the village school is the Village Hall, with The Village Nursery School attached to it. The village hall is adjacent to the recreation area, which contains a football field, and two playgrounds, catering for young and old children. The village hall and adjacent playing field are the venues for many of the events organised by the Greatham Village Events Committee (GVEC), including the annual fun day, summer ball and the bonfire/fireworks party.
Towards the south end of the village is the Old Church, which dates back to the 13th century. The only remaining part of this church is the chancel, which includes a tomb of some historical value. The present church, the Church of St. John the Baptist, was built in 1875, and lies opposite the Old Church.
Adjacent to the Old Church is a manor house, which is occupied by the L'Abri Fellowship, a Christian group.
The south of the village is bounded by the B3006 road from Liss to Selborne, known as the Selborne Road. Off the Selborne Road is the Le Court, the first Leonard Cheshire home.
History
The village is mentioned in the Domesday Book as Greteham, and later appears in written sources as Grietham in 1167 and as Grutam in 1236.
References
External links
The Greatham village website
Greatham Primary School
Greatham Village Events Committee
Further historical information on GENUKI
Villages in Hampshire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Greatham%2C%20Hampshire |
The Integripalpia are a suborder of Trichoptera, the caddisflies. The name refers to the unringed nature of maxillary palp's terminal segment in the adults. Integripalpian larvae construct portable cases out of debris during the first larval instar, which are enlarged through subsequent instars. These cases are often very specific in construction at both the family and genus level.
External links
Tree Of Life Integripalpia Page
Insect suborders | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Integripalpia |
Last Human is the title of a 1995 science fiction comedy novel written by Doug Naylor. It is part of the Red Dwarf series of novels, based on the popular television show created by Naylor and his partner Rob Grant. Like the other novels, it does not take place within the television series continuity, but instead adapts situations presented on the series to occur within an alternative universe.
The novel focuses on Dave Lister and his crewmates as they attempt to return to their home universe through the myriad of parallel universes that exist, becoming distracted by the search for a lost viral strain promising immortality. It also introduces Kristine Kochanski as a main character. It follows the novel Better Than Life, written by both Naylor and Grant as the writing partnership Grant Naylor.
It contains dialogue and plot elements from the episodes Psirens, Demons and Angels, DNA, Quarantine, Emohawk: Polymorph II, Legion, Camille, and Gunmen of the Apocalypse.
Original elements from the book would later be used in the episode Ouroboros. The character of Kristine Kochanski, as set elaborated in this book, is similar to the parallel universe character introduced in the television series in Ouroboros. An audiobook version was released, read by Craig Charles.
Plot summary
Cyberia
Dave Lister – the last surviving human in the universe – wakes in a transport ship taking him to prison colony Cyberia, the worst place in the universe, having been found guilty of serious crimes against the GELF state and sentenced to the worst imprisonment imaginable, having been hindered by his inability to comprehend the over-complicated legal system of the GELF – and his choice of clothing, including a tie depicting a naked woman in birthing stirrups. After his welcome by the foul and grotesque Snugiraffe, the prison commandant, he is implanted and introduced into the cyber network of Cyberia where he will be forced to live out his life in a hellish dream world of his own creation. Naturally he spends a great deal of time considering where it all went wrong...
Time Fork
Dave Lister awakes out of Deep Sleep on the transport ship Starbug, disoriented and confused after living the last thirty six years in a backward universe. The mechanoid Kryten welcomes him back; he has been in stasis for twenty years and, not unnaturally, is suffering a spot of amnesia. He meets the rest of the crew, Kristine Kochanski, the Cat, and Rimmer. Kochanski is so happy to see him that she takes him straight to her quarters to make love. Despite still having no memory of her, Lister is caught up in the moment and happily obliges. Rimmer, meanwhile, has been able to procure a solidgram body from a derelict ship for himself allowing him to touch, eat and be three-dimensional again. Rimmer enjoys the new feelings, and spends hours looking at his restored body in a mirror.
On their way through the 'Omni-Zone' – the pathway between the seven parallel realities – back to their home ship Red Dwarf, the crew are surprised to come across a derelict space craft that is the exact duplicate of Starbug. Searching the ship, the crew find the duplicate Cat's disembodied head, Kryten's murdered body with his hand missing and Rimmer's destroyed light bee. They then find the duplicate Kochanski who has been viciously attacked and is barely alive. She makes Lister promise to find his duplicate self before she succumbs to her terrible injuries.
The crew soon find themselves on a GELF populated planet where the duplicate Lister was likely to have headed. Arriving, the crew find that the GELF tribe are sterile and sperm is a highly valued commodity. Of course, Lister and Cat have a 'secret store' and the crew start trading for much needed supplies. Meanwhile, Kryten finds himself in the middle of a huge protest asking the magistrate what happened to the duplicate Lister after learning he was arrested here. The magistrate explains that the duplicate Lister destroyed property and murdered several people including the magistrate. Kryten is confused, as the magistrate is clearly not dead only to learn that mystics predict crimes and the persons involved are arrested before they happen. Kryten suddenly understands what the protest is about and tells the others. Now knowing the duplicate Lister has committed no crime, Lister resolves to find him.
In what is assumed to be a flash-back, Lister arrives in his cyber-hell... and is confused to find himself in what appears to be paradise. He is in a beautiful holiday home, wonderful food and drink are provided and Lister's original fear that his testicles had been detached is untrue. Lister begins to assume that 'hell' is having all his desires catered for leaving him wanting for nothing. Just as he begins settling in, he finds that there's been a mix-up and he's actually in the cyber-hell meant for a hologram named Capote who is allergic to wine and hates the architecture as it reminds him of his ex-wife. Lister is moved to his correct hell, a dank and squalid room where everything is filthy, the alarm clock never stops buzzing and the food is disgusting. Lister admits that he's slept in worse before, and begins his sentence.
The crew are sent to another GELF tribe, the Kinatawowi, to get equipment they need in order to break the duplicate Lister out of Cyberia. Unfortunately, the Kinatawowi aren't sterile which causes offence when Lister and Cat offer their sperm as payment. Eventually, a deal is made; the crew will get a bunch of ramshackle droids and a virus that destroys electricity in return for Lister marrying the chief's daughter. Unfortunately, the bride wants to consummate the union immediately and the crew quickly make a run for it while the GELF promise revenge.
On Cyberia, the attempt to break the duplicate Lister out begins. Although it is mostly successful, the virus causes the prison's artificial gravity to fail. Lister is caught in the floating lake water and drowns, only to be revived by his duplicate self. The two begin their escape from the prison's forces however something doesn't sit right with Lister. His duplicate, after retrieving his belongings, enjoys the fight to an alarming degree and when the two make their getaway in a vehicle the duplicate turns around when he learns that they will outrun them in order to get in some more killing making Lister realise the whole venture has been misguided.
Later, as the two Listers sit around a campfire, the duplicate pulls out the hand of the duplicate Kryten holding a piece of paper from his belongings. Lister realises with horror that the duplicate Lister killed the rest of his crew and manages to knock him out and bind him with rope. However, as Starbug approaches the evil Lister throws himself into the campfire to escape his bonds and attacks. Soon, Starbug has left with the wrong Lister while the other is left buried on the planet.
The Rage
An Earth long ago, in a universe far away. The Earth World President, John Milhous Nixon has learned that thermonuclear tests conducted too close to the surface of the sun have fatally weakened the star's structure, thus causing an eventual decay that will see the entire solar system die in four hundred thousand years – which will be very bad for the economy, and Nixon's re-election prospects. The only hope is to move the human race to another world in another galaxy; and to that end, a genome has been created that will rewrite DNA and thus turn an inhospitable, barren world into a world where the human race can live. A mission has been organised by Dr. Michael Longman (and his clones, Dr. Longman and Dr. Longman), including numerous GELFs to assist in the process and Michael McGruder, a heroic star soldier who has accepted this mission in the hopes that he may be able to find and contact his father, the long-lost hero of an ill-fated mining ship, revived to be that ship's hologram... Arnold J. Rimmer.
The real Lister, having been rescued from his makeshift grave, is trapped in Cyberia charged with orchestrating the break-out (it is made clear that it was in fact he, and not the alternate Lister, who was the subject of the "Cyberia" section and that the 'flash-back' in "Time Fork" was actually a flash-forward). Having survived his alternate self's assault and attempted murder, he is now trapped in the soul-destroying hell of his own creation, where all the places and people remind him not only of the worst places in his life, but of everything he's lost, stolen by his alternative self – his girlfriend, his ship, his life. After five months of this hell, trapped in a grungy dystopian city surrounded by prostitutes that look like Kochanski, soul-sapping advertisements about his parentless upbringing, endless showings of Chitty Chitty Bang Bang at the cinema and – perhaps worst of all – encyclopedia salesmen, he is brought out of Cyberia and given an offer; to be part of an experimental terraforming and recolonisation program. The inmates bodies will be used to terraform an inhospitable planet into a comfortable environment. All of the inmates on Cyberia are innocent, as only people without any malice or rage are able to be used for this hence people being wrongly arrested on the GELF colony (not knowing that the alternate Lister was actually guilty of murder when he was incarcerated there as they were charging him on smuggling cases where they knew he was innocent). Unable to stand being imprisoned in his personal hell, Lister agrees.
Meanwhile, the crew of Starbug have found that the piece of paper in the duplicate Kryten's hand contained coordinates to a ship where important scientific research has been conducted. As it is a long trip to the ship, the Mayflower, the crew are placed into stasis for the journey. Kryten awakes early, in order to prepare the crew, and notices several disconcerting differences in Lister's medical records. They've got the wrong Lister. And to make matters worse, in his checking of the alternate Starbug's crew records, a cursory examination of the alternative Lister's file reveals that, following a traumatic and abusive upbringing at the hands of his manic-depressive foster mother (as opposed to the kinder, but poorer, foster parents of the proper Lister) had developed into a ruthless, sociopathic criminal.
Before he can digest the alarming news, Kryten is startled by the evil Lister who has also awoken early. Just as he attempts to take out Kryten, a GELF ship sent by Lister's bride attacks. Boarding, the GELF demand what is theirs and the evil Lister tells Kryten to just give them what they want, something which Kryten is more than happy to do. The evil Lister realises too late that this means him, and he is dragged out of the airlock. As Kryten muses on this lucky turn of events he realises that Starbug is on fire. The rest of the crew wake just as Starbug plunges into the lava bed of the planet they were heading for. Before Starbug can burn up, it then ends up in an ocean created by the Mayflower. With Starbug damaged, the crew board the Mayflower and find several hundred vials of diverse viruses including positive ones that bestow luck on the infected for a time. Kochanski, after infecting herself for a short while, manages to find more luck virus as well as other vials that will come in handy. Kryten, meanwhile, finds a DNA machine and turns himself human.
As part of his agreement in volunteering for the terraforming program, Lister is granted the use of a symbi-morph named Reketrebn to fulfil his desires with her shapeshifting and telepathic abilities. Reketrebn is defective, however, and intends to save herself for her boyfriend. Lister isn't interested in using her for romantic purposes and asks her to turn into Kryten so he can get information out of him- Reketrebn essentially manifesting as Kryten to give Lister confirmation of his own theories based on information he has subconsciously processed and deduced, such as subconsciously overhearing a conversation about symbi-morphs in a bar and subconsciously deducing that Rimmer was Kochanski's lover in this reality rather than his evil self- before having her turn into him so she can feel the pain he feels from losing Kochanski to his evil self. After this, Reketrebn agrees to help Lister, but their attempt to escape results in them arriving on the same ship that would have taken them to the terraforming project, save that they are now in the control cabin rather than the stasis chambers.
On the planet, Lister meets Michael McGruder who was kept in deep sleep aboard the Mayflower. McGruder tells Lister that he wants to meet his hero, Rimmer, who is also his father. Thinking he will never see Rimmer again, Lister doesn't correct him. He then learns of a powerful force known as 'The Rage' created by the feelings of fury from the wrongly convicted inmates. To prevent it from killing everyone, the inmates form a circle and The Rage will move between them before choosing one person to inhabit for a few seconds, killing them. Lister joins the circle, and for the time he is consumed with The Rage all his dark feelings are brought to the fore and Lister begs it to consume him. However, it chooses another and kills him before leaving.
Kryten initially revels in his humanity, but quickly grows disenchanted with the experience and decides to turn back. Doing so is easier said than done as Longman, having used the DNA machine too many times leaving him barely human, has stolen the mechanoid data. Thanks to the luck virus, Kochanski defeats Longman and Kryten is restored to his regular form. The crew then use the luck virus to find the coordinates of the planet where Lister is and head there.
Reaching the planet, Lister is reunited with the rest of the crew and McGruder finally meets his father but is devastated when told he is hardly a hero but a maintenance technician. Starbug loses power once it lands, and the planet will soon be passing through the Omni-Zone into another universe where it will be allowed to thrive. Rimmer walks through a cave when he finds Michael being attacked by the evil Lister. His confusion about how the evil Lister made it there despite being removed by the Kinatowowi is put on hold, when suddenly the radiation gun the evil Lister possesses drops close to him. However Rimmer can't pluck up the courage to grab it, and the evil Lister throws imprisons him in the hold aboard Starbug with Kryten, who found the dead bodies of the four Kinatowowi who boarded earlier (the evil Lister had never left the ship, having killed his escorts before going into hiding to heal from the wounds they inflicted on him). The evil Lister emerges from the ship and locates the rest of the crew demanding the solar-powered escape pod to allow him to leave the planet. As well as this, he shoots Lister in the genitals with the radiation gun rendering him sterile. Meanwhile, The Rage is approaching again.
Aboard Starbug, Kryten comes up with a plan to escape the ship using Rimmer's light bee. Although Rimmer is hesitant due to the chance the bee could be destroyed, he talks himself round and agrees to take the risk. The gambit works, and the two escape the ship. The Rage is near, however the crew come up with a plan to kill The Rage by infecting it with the same virus that was used to break into Cyberia. Kryten plans to infect it by throwing himself into The Rage, despite the fact that he won't come back. However the evil Lister attacks again, but Rimmer bravely comes forward to defend his shipmates wearing a jet-pack. McGruder is proud to see his father acting with courage, and Rimmer starts to enjoy himself feeling his neuroses slipping away. Unfortunately, this comes to a premature end when the evil Lister shoots Rimmer's light bee causing Rimmer to deactivate and the heavily damaged bee falls to the ground.
The Rage is nearly upon everyone, and there's no time left to infect it with the virus. Everyone forms the circle required to prevent The Rage from killing everyone, however Lister warns that one of them will still die. The evil Lister doesn't intend for it to be him, and infects himself with the luck virus. The Rage hits, and everyone begs for it to possess them. However, thanks to the positive virus, the evil Lister is the one who is 'lucky' enough to get his wish to have The Rage consume him. He takes on the full force of the entity, which finally kills him leaving only his bones behind.
Even though The Rage has passed, it must still be destroyed before the planet passes through the Omni-Zone. Suddenly Rimmer's light bee, hovering using the last of its power, uses morse code to communicate with the crew and offer to take the virus and infect The Rage with it. After saying a final goodbye to his son, who now knows that while Rimmer may not have been the hero he was raised to believe in he is still a man to be proud of, the light bee flies into The Rage and infects it with the virus stopping its destruction and allowing the souls of the inmates who created it to rest in peace.
The planet starts to pass through the Omni-Zone, and the remaining crew take shelter in the caves for three weeks as the planet is pounded by storms. Emerging, everyone finds a pleasant, hospitable world growing, waiting for them. As Kryten, Cat, McGruder and Reketrebn leave to search for Rimmer's light bee in order to give him a funeral, Lister and Kochanski stare over the world. Lister sadly comments that this would be the ideal place to raise a family and help to restart the human race – a dream now impossible thanks to his alternate self. Kochanski tells him that all hope shouldn't be lost, as he could still father children if he's very lucky... and Kochanski still has some of the luck virus. Taking it, Lister and Kochanski head into the grass and get to work.
Continuity
Following publication of Last Human, Rob Grant also wrote a solo Red Dwarf novel, entitled Backwards. Although it also follows on from the previous novel Better Than Life, Backwards does not refer to any of the events of Last Human, and in fact includes notable differences (such as the fact that Kochanski does not appear as a character). As a result, both novels are generally considered to occur in alternative realities to each other. While the continuity of the books is more consistent than that of the series, it is not flawless. In the first novel, Arnold Rimmer is introduced as a First Technician, rather than a Second Technician as in the series; but in this novel, he tells his son Michael McGruder, that he was a Second Technician aboard Red Dwarf.
Audiobook
The abridged version of the Audiobook for Last Human skips over some scenes present in the book. The character of Dr. Michael Longman is completely absent and therefore the plot elements he introduces are not included.
External links
The Last Human
1995 British novels
Red Dwarf
1995 science fiction novels
British science fiction novels
American science fiction novels
Comic science fiction novels
Dystopian novels
Novels based on television series
Viking Press books | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Last%20Human |
Also known as the (Moran-)Gamma Process, the gamma process is a random process studied in mathematics, statistics, probability theory, and stochastics. The gamma process is a stochastic or random process consisting of independently distributed gamma distributions where represents the number of event occurrences from time 0 to time . The gamma distribution has scale parameter and shape parameter , often written as . Both and must be greater than 0. The gamma process is often written as where represents the time from 0. The process is a pure-jump increasing Lévy process with intensity measure for all positive . Thus jumps whose size lies in the interval occur as a Poisson process with intensity The parameter controls the rate of jump arrivals and the scaling parameter inversely controls the jump size. It is assumed that the process starts from a value 0 at t = 0 meaning .
The gamma process is sometimes also parameterised in terms of the mean () and variance () of the increase per unit time, which is equivalent to and .
Plain English definition
The gamma process is a process which measures the number of occurrences of independent gamma-distributed variables over a span of time. This image below displays two different gamma processes on from time 0 until time 4. The red process has more occurrences in the timeframe compared to the blue process because its shape parameter is larger than the blue shape parameter.
Properties
We use the Gamma function in these properties, so the reader should distinguish between (the Gamma function) and (the Gamma process). We will sometimes abbreviate the process as .
Some basic properties of the gamma process are:
Marginal distribution
The marginal distribution of a gamma process at time is a gamma distribution with mean and variance
That is, the probability distribution of the random variable is given by the density
Scaling
Multiplication of a gamma process by a scalar constant is again a gamma process with different mean increase rate.
Adding independent processes
The sum of two independent gamma processes is again a gamma process.
Moments
The moment function helps mathematicians find expected values, variances, skewness, and kurtosis.
where is the Gamma function.
Moment generating function
The moment generating function is the expected value of where X is the random variable.
Correlation
Correlation displays the statistical relationship between any two gamma processes.
, for any gamma process
The gamma process is used as the distribution for random time change in the variance gamma process.
Literature
Lévy Processes and Stochastic Calculus by David Applebaum, CUP 2004, .
References
Lévy processes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gamma%20process |
Johann David Köhler (18 January 1684 – 10 March 1755) was a German historian. His academic focuses were on Roman coins as historical artifacts, ancient weapons, and genealogy. Köhler also served as university librarian at Altdorf and contributed to the early library science literature.
Life
Köhler was born in Colditz in the Electorate of Saxony and studied at the University of Wittenberg. He was a professor of logic and history at universities in Altdorf and later Göttingen and served briefly as university librarian at Altdorf. He died in Göttingen.
Influence
Köhler came into scholarly prominence in a transitional period for European scholarship. From the Middle Ages and into the Enlightenment, European scholars were part of a "common culture of scholarship", a respublica litteraria (Eskildsen 2005: 421). That common culture of scholarship was subjected to a series of nationalistic and religious pressures across the eighteenth century so that as Köhler came into prominence in the eighteenth century, there had been a shift from the pan-European imagined community to a more parochial nationalist one (Anderson 1991).
His credentials as a library and information scientist are based upon three of his monographs: Syllogie aliquot Scriptorum de bene ordinanda et ornanda Bibliotheca, published in 1728; Hochverdiente und aus bewährten Urkunden wohlbeglaubte Ehren-Rettung Johann Guttenbergs, eingebohrnen Bürgers in Mayntz in 1741; and Anweisung für reisende Gelerte, Bibliothecken, Münz-Cabinette, Antiquitäten-Zimmer, Bilder-Sale, Naturalien- und Kunst-Kammern, u.d.m mit Nutzen zubesehen from 1762. The 1728 Syllogie… is a bibliographic examination of major history texts of the day and is in keeping with the role of historians then and now. The 1741 Hochverdiente… is an examination of the assertion that Johann Gutenberg was indeed the inventor of movable type – the printing press – against competing claims. Bernhard von Mallinckrodt (1591-1664) is credited with writing the first defense of Gutenberg as the inventor of the printing press in 1639 (Schmidmaier 2001), but Köhler is said to have authored second and definitive defense (Eck 2000). Köhler's third and most important work within this context is the 1792 Anweisung für reisende Gelerte, Bibliothecken, Műnz-Cabinette, Antiquitäten-Zimmer, Bilder-Sale, Naturalien und Kunst-Kammern, u.d.m mit Nutzen zubesehen.
Finally, Köhler published a scholarly journal on Roman coins and numismatics in general. His son Johann Tobias Köhler continued that interest. This journal is important to library science in that it is among the first true serials ever published.
Works
Orbis terrarum in nuce, sive Compendium historiae civilis chronologicum in sculptura memoriali
1719: Bequemer Schul- und Reise-Atlas. Nürnberg: Christoph Weigel
1724: Anleitung zu der verbesserten neuen Geographie, vornemlich zum Gebrauch der Weigelschen Landcharten. Nürnberg: Christoph Weigel
1726: Genealogische Geschichte der Herren und Grafen von Wolfstein
1730: Kurze und gründliche Anleitung zu der alten und mittleren Geographie. Nürnberg: Christoph Weigel
References
Anderson, Benedict (1991). Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin and Spread of Nationalism, rev. ed. London: Verso.
Eck, Reimer (2000) "Drei Schritte Göttinger Frühdruckforschung, Johann David Köhlers 'Ehren-Rettung Johann Guttensberg', Karl Dziatzkos Wiederbelebung der Gutenbergforschung, Elmar Mittlers Digitalisierung der Göttinger Schlüsseldokumente zur Erforschung des Frühdrucks", in Köhler, Johann David (1741, reprint 2000), Hochverdiente und aus bewährten Urkunden wohlbeglaubte Ehren-Rettung Johann Guttenbergs, eingebohrnen Bürgers in Mayntz…, with afterword by Reimer Eck. Munich: Saur, pp. 109–121.
Eskildsen, Kaspar (2005) "How Germany Left the Republic of Letters", Journal of the History of Ideas, vol. 65, 3, pp. 421–432.
Schmidmaier, Dieter (2001) "Johann David Köhlers Verdienst", Bibliothek Forschung und Praxis, vol. 25, 2, pp. 253–255
Further reading
Michael Diefenbacher, Markus Heinz, Ruth Bach-Damaskinos: „auserlesene und allerneueste Landkarten“. Der Verlag Homann in Nürnberg 1702–1848. Nürnberg: Tümmels 2002, S. 52
Johann Gabriel Doppelmayr: Historische Nachricht von den Nürnbergischen Mathematicis und Künstlern. Nürnberg, 1730 Peter Conrad Monath
Georg Andreas Will: Nürnbergisches Gelehrtenlexikon Bd. 1. Nürnberg: Lorenz Schüpfel 1755, S. 304-314
Christian Gottlieb Jöcher: Allgemeines Gelehrten-Lexikon. Fortsetzungen und Ergänzungen von J. C. Adelung. Bd. 3. 1810.
Thomas Nicklas: "Johann David Köhler (1684–1755), Historiker". In: Fränkische Lebensbilder; 16 (1996). S. 79—93.
Thomas Nicklas: "Der Historiker Johann David Köhler (1684–1755) und die Geschichte des gräflichen Hauses Wolfstein". In: Verhandlungen des Historischen Vereins für Oberpfalz und Regensburg; 135, 1995, S. 77—83.
Detlev Hölscher: "Johann David Köhler, 1684-1755. Porträt eines bedeutenden Numismatikers des 18. Jahrhunderts". In: Münzen Revue; 26, 1994, H. 6, S. 728-737.
External links
Hathi Trust. Works by Köhler
1684 births
1755 deaths
People from Colditz
German numismatists
German classical scholars
People from the Electorate of Saxony
University of Wittenberg alumni
Academic staff of the University of Altdorf
Academic staff of the University of Göttingen
German genealogists
German male non-fiction writers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johann%20David%20K%C3%B6hler |
Tormentor is a Hungarian black metal band formed in 1986 in Budapest. They recorded their first album, Anno Domini, in 1988, but were unable to release it until the end of communist rule in Hungary. The album reached Norway through the tape-trading community. Following the suicide of Per Ohlin, Mayhem invited Attila Csihar from Tormentor to join the band; he was to perform the vocals on De Mysteriis Dom Sathanas. Tormentor split up in 1991. After a long break they reformed and released the more experimental Recipe Ferrum through Avantgarde Music in 2001, going on a long indefinite hiatus afterwards.
Reunion
In 2017, Tormentor reunited after several years to re-emerge on the stage for a highly publicized reunion show on 21 April 2018, in Budapest, followed by an appearance at the Brutal Assault in Josefov, Czech Republic and the Beyond the Gates festival in Bergen, Norway, with later performances at festivals in France and Canada to cap off the year.
The band reunited in the classic lineup from 1988 with Csihar on vocals, Tamás Buday and Attila Szigeti sharing guitar duties, György Farkas handling bass guitar, and Machat St. Zsoltar on drums. The band's own recording imprint, Saturnus Productions, has also reissued both the cult classic debut album Anno Domini and The Seventh Day of Doom demo on CD and vinyl.
Band members
Current line-up
Attila Csihar – vocals (1985–1991, 1999–?, 2017–present), guitars (1989)
Attila Szigeti – guitars (1985–1991, 2017–present), keyboards (1989)
György Farkas – bass guitar (1987–1991, 2017–present)
Machat St. Zsoltar Motolla – drums (1988–1991, 1999–?, 2017-present), keyboards (2000)
Former members
Lajos Fazekas– bass guitar (1985–1987)
Márton Dubecz – drums (1985–1987)
Mugambi Zolduns Bwana – lead guitar (1999–?)
Zénó Galóca – bass guitar (1999–?)
Tamás Buday – guitars (1985–1988, 2017–2020)
Live members
Charles Hedger – guitar (2020–present)
Discography
The Seventh Day of Doom (demo, 1987)
Anno Domini (studio album, 1988; remastered, 2005)
Black and Speed Metál (split album, 1989)
Live in Hell (live album, 1999)
Live in Damnation (EP, 2000)
The Sick Years (live album, 2000)
Recipe Ferrum (studio album, 2001)
References
Hungarian black metal musical groups
Musical groups established in 1986
Musical groups disestablished in 1991
Musical groups reestablished in 1998
Hungarian musical quartets
1986 establishments in Hungary | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tormentor%20%28band%29 |
The Princess telephone was introduced by the Bell System in 1959. It was a compact telephone designed for convenient use in the bedroom, and contained a light-up dial for use as a night-light. It was commonly advertised with the slogan "It's little...It's lovely...It lights", which was suggested by Robert Karl Lethin, an AT&T employee.
The Princess was initially designed by the famed industrial designer Henry Dreyfuss, having designed previous Western Electric models with the Bell Labs engineers. Later redesigns involved Donald Genaro of the Dreyfuss design firm. Genaro redesigned the case so that it could be more easily picked up.
Contemporary advertising demonstrates that this telephone was marketed to women, hence its feminine model name. The model was available in a broad range of colors, including pink, red, yellow, moss green, black, white, beige, ivory, light blue, turquoise, and gray.
The telephone was produced at the Western Electric Indianapolis, and later Shreveport Works plants, also the production location of 500 and 2500 series telephones. The Trimline telephone is often confused with the Princess because the Trimline dial lights up, even though the dial on the Trimline is in the handset.
The Princess required an external electric transformer to power the lighted dial. The dial was mounted in the center on the base of the telephone. When Western Electric commenced production they did not yet have a ringer small enough to fit inside the case. The phone was introduced without containing a ringer, but an external ringer box could be added.
Early versions of the Princess, those not containing a ringer, had the model number 701B. Customers complained that the phone was so light that it would slide on surfaces while dialing, so an optional lead weight was added to fill the space intended for the ringer.
Later models included the M1A ringer. The rotary dial version with ringer was known as the 702B, while the modular cord variant was labeled 702BM. The model 711B had a slide switch or push-button and was a two-line phone with exclusion on the first line. The ten-button Touch Tone version was known as the 1702B, and when twelve-button keypad were introduced the phone was labeled as 2702B. The modular cord version of this was the 2702BM. Several other variants existed.
The Princess underwent several changes in its production run:
In 1963, the Bell System introduced touchtone dialing, and Western Electric began production of a touch-tone model, with 10 numerical keys, lacking today's * and # keys. The internals of the Princess were reduced in size the same year, allowing a small, quiet bell ringer to be placed to the left of the touch-tone dial.
In the mid 1970s, AT&T introduced modular connectors for the line cord and handset cords, requiring the RJ11 standard home telephone jack. Most customers who had Princess telephones were converted to modular jacks.
In 1983, AT&T was preparing itself for divestiture of the Bell System. It started American Bell, Inc., a separate sales subsidiary of Western Electric and the Bell Operating Companies. AT&T introduced a non-light up dial with white keys to be sold in Phone Center Stores. These sets were marked CS on the bottom, for consumer sales. Post-divestiture colors added after 1984 included peach, dark gray, slate blue and cameo (light) green.
In 1993, the Princess was extensively redesigned. Although it retained the same handset & oval footprint which it had since its introduction, it now used a new dial. This dial still required an external transformer for night-light use. A handset volume control was added to the dial pad. The phone number card was moved from below the dialpad to the location of the cradle for the transmitter. This model was called the Signature Princess, and was freely available for lease; only available for purchase at AT&T Phone Centers, which closed in 1996.
In 1994, AT&T ended production of the Princess telephone. It continues to lease the Signature Princess model. Due to its removal from production, and its attractive design, the Princess has become a collectible phone. Princess telephones in pink, turquoise, and black are among the rarest colors of the phones and most valuable.
Automatic Electric offered a lighted-rotary-dial model of similar proportions but with a rectangular, rather than elliptical, footprint, called the Starlite Phone, and later offered a non-lighted 12-key touch-tone model simply called the Desk Compact.
See also
Bell System Practices
References
External links
Western Electric Princess Telephone Models
Princess Telephone at Bell System Memorial - A comprehensive page on princess telephones
Western Electric Telephone Models
Western Electric telephones
Products introduced in 1959 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Princess%20telephone |
Sari Miriam Essayah (born 21 February 1967 in Haukivuori) is a Finnish retired racewalker and a politician, former Member of the European Parliament (MEP) and Member of Parliament since 2015. She is the president of the Finnish Christian Democrats party. She is serving as Minister of Agriculture and Forestry since 2023. Her father is from Morocco.
During her sports career, Essayah competed mainly in 5 000 and 10 000 metres. In the latter, she won the World Championship in 1993 and the European Championship in 1994. She made seven national records, all of which are still standing.
In 2016, Essayah became a member of the International Olympic Committee (IOC), and she has been a member of the Ethics Committee, Finnish Athletics Association since 2014.
Education
Essayah holds an M.Sc (Econ) in business administration and accounting from the University of Vaasa.
Political career
After retiring from sports Essayah entered politics and represented the Christian Democrats in the Finnish parliament between 2003–2007 but failed to get reelected in the election of 2007. She served as the Christian Democrats' party secretary from 2007 to 2009. Essayah was elected to the European Parliament in 2009 but failed to be reelected in 2014 despite her 61 000 votes. This left the Finnish Christian Democrats without MEPs in the 2014 election. In November 2011 she undertook godparenthood for Mikola Dziadok, Belarusian activist and political prisoner.
Essayah was candidate in the 2012 Finnish presidential election. She came last with 2.47 percent of the votes.
In the 2015 parliamentary elections, Essayah was elected to represent a newly formed constituency of Savonia and Karelia with over 11 000 votes. She was later chosen to be the vice speaker of the Christian Democrats' Parliamentary group. In August, she was chosen as the new chair of her party after her predecessor, Päivi Räsänen, retired from the position after over ten years. Sari Essayah was re-elected in Finnish parliament in the 2019 elections and re-elected for a third term as the party chair in a party congress in August.
In June 2023, she was appointed Minister of Agriculture and Forestry in the Orpo Cabinet. On 27 August 2023, Essayah was chosen as the presidential candidate of Christian Democrats in 2024 Finnish presidential election.
Other activities
Finnish Institute of International Affairs (FIIA), Member of the Advisory Council (since 2019)
Achievements
References
External links
Sari Essayah website
|-
|-
1967 births
Living people
People from Mikkeli
Finnish Pentecostals
Finnish evangelists
Finnish people of Moroccan descent
Leaders of political parties in Finland
Christian Democrats (Finland) politicians
Members of the Parliament of Finland (2003–2007)
Members of the Parliament of Finland (2015–2019)
Members of the Parliament of Finland (2019–2023)
Members of the Parliament of Finland (2023–2027)
Christian Democrats (Finland) MEPs
MEPs for Finland 2009–2014
21st-century women MEPs for Finland
Candidates for President of Finland
Finnish sportsperson-politicians
Finnish female racewalkers
Athletes (track and field) at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes for Finland
World Athletics Championships medalists
European Athletics Championships medalists
Finnish International Olympic Committee members
Universiade medalists in athletics (track and field)
Women members of the Parliament of Finland
Goodwill Games medalists in athletics
FISU World University Games gold medalists for Finland
Universiade bronze medalists for Finland
World Athletics Championships winners
Medalists at the 1989 Summer Universiade
Medalists at the 1991 Summer Universiade
Competitors at the 1994 Goodwill Games
Women evangelists
Women government ministers of Finland
Ministers of Agriculture of Finland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sari%20Essayah |
High Littleton is a village and civil parish in Somerset, England, about north of Paulton and south-west of Bath. The parish includes the small village of Hallatrow and the hamlets of White Cross, Greyfield and Mearns; the northeastern part of High Littleton village is known as Rotcombe.
High Littleton and Hallatrow are on the A39 Wells-Bath road, which is crossed by the A37 Shepton Mallet to Bristol road at White Cross. There is a Church of England Voluntary Controlled primary school (4–11 years) in the village, together with several pubs and shops.
History
There is evidence of settlement at High Littleton since Saxon times in the late 7th or 8th century. They called it Lytel tun. Hallatrow may have been much older.
In the Domesday Survey of 1086, each village covered an area of about . In early times the villages would have been almost entirely farmed, mostly arable farming but with a mixture of dairy farming and sheep raising.
The parish was part of the hundred of Chewton.
According to Robinson it is listed in the 1086 Domesday Book as Liteltone meaning 'The little enclosure' from the Old English lytel and tun. The property was owned by the Bishop of Coutances and sub-let to a tenant named as Ralph Rufus.
Mining and geology
Coal mines were established in the area by 1633 because on the Somerset coalfield the coal seams ran obliquely to the surface. The first deep mine in the parish was Mearns Coalworks which began in 1783.
During the 1790s, William Smith worked extensively in the area as a mine surveyor and as chief surveyor for the Somerset Coal Canal; and it was during this time that he formulated his ideas of rock stratification. He describes the area as the 'birthplace of geology'.
By 1800 the population had grown to about 800; however, many of these may have worked in mines outside the parish. The Greyfield Coal Company did not start until 1833. It received a boost with the opening of the Bristol and North Somerset Railway in 1873. Greyfield Colliery closed in 1911 and the railway in 1964.
Transport
Hallatrow was an important station on the Bristol and North Somerset Railway, and the junction for the branch line to Camerton, which opened in 1882 and which was later extended eastwards along the line of the former Somerset Coal Canal to a junction at Limpley Stoke with the line from Bath to Bradford-on-Avon.
In addition to its role as a junction, Hallatrow was also an important goods depot, receiving milk from local farms, printed materials from Purnells' factory at Paulton and local coal. The station closed when the Bristol and North Somerset line closed to passenger traffic in 1959; goods services were withdrawn in 1964 and the last train ran in 1968.
Governance
The parish council has responsibility for local issues, including setting an annual precept (local rate) to cover the council's operating costs and producing annual accounts for public scrutiny. The parish council evaluates local planning applications and works with the local police, district council officers, and neighbourhood watch groups on matters of crime, security, and traffic. The parish council's role also includes initiating projects for the maintenance and repair of parish facilities, such as the village hall or community centre, playing fields and playgrounds, as well as consulting with the district council on the maintenance, repair, and improvement of highways, drainage, footpaths, public transport, and street cleaning. Conservation matters (including trees and listed buildings) and environmental issues are also of interest to the council.
High Littleton is a ward represented by one councillor on the unitary authority of Bath and North East Somerset which was created in 1996, as established by the Local Government Act 1992. It provides a single tier of local government with responsibility for almost all local government functions within its area including local planning and building control, local roads, council housing, environmental health, markets and fairs, refuse collection, recycling, cemeteries, crematoria, leisure services, parks, and tourism. it is also responsible for education, social services, libraries, main roads, public transport, trading standards, waste disposal and strategic planning, although fire, police and ambulance services are provided jointly with other authorities through the Avon Fire and Rescue Service, Avon and Somerset Constabulary and the Great Western Ambulance Service.
Bath and North East Somerset's area covers part of the ceremonial county of Somerset but it is administered independently of the non-metropolitan county. Its administrative headquarters is in Bath. Between 1 April 1974 and 1 April 1996, it was the Wansdyke district and the City of Bath of the county of Avon. Before 1974 that the parish was part of the Clutton Rural District.
An electoral ward with the same name exists. Although High Littleton is the most populous area, the ward stretches south to Farrington Gurney. The total population of the ward as at the census 2011 was 3,005.
The parish is represented in the House of Commons of the Parliament of the United Kingdom as part of North East Somerset. It elects one Member of Parliament (MP) by the first past the post system of election.
Demographics
According to the 2001 Census, the High Littleton Ward had 1,322 residents, living in 490 households, with an average age of 40.7 years. Of these 73% of residents describing their health as 'good', 20% of 16- to 74-year-olds had no qualifications; and the area had an unemployment rate of 1.4% of all economically active people aged 16–74. In the Index of Multiple Deprivation 2004, it was ranked at 31,729 out of 32,482 wards in England, where 1 was the most deprived LSOA and 32,482 the least deprived.
Church
The church is dedicated to the Holy Trinity and is an ancient stone edifice with a tower. It contains monuments of the Mogg and Hodge families dating back to the 15th century. On 15 July 1310 the advowson of the church at High Littleton was given to the abbey by Gilbert Aumery, and Bishop Drokensford sanctioned its appropriation by the abbey in 1322, but the royal licence is dated 1328. In 1322 the bishop approved the appropriation of the church of High Littleton to Keynsham, because of the losses which the abbey had sustained in the floods, rain, and murrain in its lands in Ireland and Wales, and in its loss of the tithes of Chewstoke. The church is a Grade II listed building, with monuments in the churchyard listed themselves.
The church is now run by the vicar of Holy Trinity Church, Paulton creating the joint benefices of Paulton, High Littleton and Farrington Gurney, due to the vicar of High Littleton retiring.
Buildings
The parish has several fine houses still existing: The Grange, Hallatrow is dated 1669 and High Littleton House was built by Thomas Hodges around 1710.
Grade II listed buildings
In popular culture
The television series Robin of Sherwood was partly filmed nearby in the Greyfield Woods.
Notable residents
Previous residents include William Smith (1769–1839), who travelled to Somerset, working first for Webb and later for the Somersetshire Coal Canal Company. The writer and broadcaster Alan Gibson lived in High Littleton and often referred to The Star public house in his cricket reports in The Times.
References
External links
High Littleton & Hallatrow History and Parish Records - provides excellent evidence including census records back to 1801
High Littleton Parish Council
Map of High Littleton circa 1900
Somerset coalfield
Civil parishes in Somerset
Villages in Bath and North East Somerset | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High%20Littleton |
Pamela Mavis Crowe MBE is a former Member of the Legislative Council of the Isle of Man. Prior to entering politics she was a director of Crowes Ltd and an author of several books. She was the MHK for Rushen from 1997 to 2003, when she was elected to the Legislative Council.
Governmental positions
Chairman of the Isle of Man Post Office, 2004–2008
Minister of Local Government and the Environment, 2002–2004
Chairman of the Isle of Man Office of Fair Trading, 1997–2002
References
Living people
Manx women in politics
Members of the House of Keys 1996–2001
Members of the House of Keys 2001–2006
20th-century British women politicians
21st-century British women politicians
Members of the Legislative Council of the Isle of Man
Manx women writers
20th-century Manx writers
20th-century women writers
Year of birth missing (living people) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pamela%20Crowe |
Xinglong Station () is an observatory (IAU code 327) situated south of the main peak of the Yan Mountains in Xinglong County, Chengde, Hebei province, China. Installed are seven telescopes: a Mark-III photoelectric astrolabe; a 60 cm reflector; an 85 cm reflector; a 60/90 cm Schmidt telescope; a 1.26-meter infrared telescope; and a 2.16-meter telescope. The most recent telescope is the 4m LAMOST. As of 2014 the observatory installed a 5.2-meter telescope as part of their Gamma-ray astronomy program, known colloquially as Sām Tām for its aggressive focal length. It is a popular tourist site.
See also
Beijing Schmidt CCD Asteroid Program
List of astronomical observatories
References
External links
Astronomical observatories in China
Buildings and structures in Hebei
Minor-planet discovering observatories | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Xinglong%20Station%20%28NAOC%29 |
The Kaufman Astoria Studios is a film studio located in the Astoria neighborhood of Queens in New York City. The studio was constructed for Famous Players–Lasky in 1920, since it was close to Manhattan's Theater District. The property was taken over by real estate developer George S. Kaufman in 1982 and renamed Kaufman Astoria Studios.
The studio is home to New York City's only backlot, which opened in December 2013. The property was designated a national historic district and added to the National Register of Historic Places in 1978.
History
20th century
The studio was originally constructed for Famous Players–Lasky in 1920 to provide the company with a facility close to the Broadway theater district. Many features and short subjects were filmed there between 1920 and 1933. W. C. Fields made his silent features there. The first Sherlock Holmes sound film, The Return of Sherlock Holmes (also 1929), was made at the studio by the British producer Basil Dean. The first two films featuring the Marx Brothers, The Cocoanuts (1929) and Animal Crackers (1930), were shot at the Astoria Studio.
Paramount used the Astoria studio heavily in the early years of talking pictures, primarily for short subjects starring New York-based stage and radio performers: Burns and Allen, Eddie Cantor, Tom Howard, Ethel Merman, Rudy Vallee, Lillian Roth, and many others. During this period the studio facility was known as the Paramount Studio.
In 1932, after Paramount Pictures moved all studio operations to California, the Astoria location was turned over to independent producers, including Walter Wanger, whose films were released through Paramount or other Hollywood film companies. All the films starring tango icon Carlos Gardel made in the United States were shot at Astoria Studios. Gloria Swanson cites the studio as, "the studio where I'd been making all of my pictures since 1923" in her autobiography Swanson on Swanson. In 1938, ...One Third of a Nation... was the last feature film to be shot there during that era.
Educational Pictures rented space at the facility during the 1930s, until Educational closed its doors in 1938. The last theatrical films produced at Astoria were a series of short Robert Benchley comedies released by Paramount between 1940 and 1942.
In 1942, the United States Army Signal Corps Army Pictorial Service took over the studio for the making of Army training films until 1971, including The Big Picture, shown on American network television and later in syndication.
In 1975, the studio opened again for shooting on Thieves.
In 1978, the property was designated a national historic district and added to the National Register of Historic Places. The district encompasses six contributing buildings.
In 1981, New York City received an Urban Development Action Grant from the federal government for the renovation and expansion of the studio which Kenneth Schuman, NYC Commissioner for Economic Development, described as being of "compelling public interest".
In 1982, the property was taken over by real estate developer George S. Kaufman and renamed Kaufman Astoria Studios.
21st century
Kaufman Astoria Studios has seven sound stages including the new Stage K, designed by the Janson Design Group.
In 2008, Martin P. Robinson, who plays Mr. Snuffleupagus, Telly Monster, and Slimey the Worm on Sesame Street, married Annie Evans, a writer for the show on the Sesame Street set. The ceremony was performed on the steps of 123 Sesame Street and the reception was held throughout the rest of the set.
On December 3, 2013, a 34,800 square foot backlot was dedicated. It is the only studio backlot in New York City.
In 2014, Kaufman Astoria Studios announced plans to build a new 18,000-square-foot sound stage on its Astoria campus within two years.
In 2020, Kaufman Astoria Studios announced a five-block redevelopment project around the studio, in conjunction with Larry Silverstein, Bedrock Real Estate, and ODA Architecture. The area would be called Innovation QNS and stretch from 37th to 43rd Streets from 35th to 36th Avenues. The project, to cost $2 billion, would add 2,700 residential units, for shops and restaurants, and for creative industries. Construction could begin in 2023.
Notable productions
Motion pictures filmed there include the musicals Hair and The Wiz, and the films Goodfellas and Carlito's Way. In 1984, The Jacksons' music video "Torture" was filmed there as well. The 1986 movie The Money Pit starring Tom Hanks and Shelley Long. Many sequences, especially the 'visitation' sequence in 2002 TV mini series Angels in America, were also shot there. A 2009 remake, The Taking of Pelham 1 2 3, also used the studios. In 2011, the remake of Arthur filmed a few scenes there.
Television shows filmed at the studio include Sesame Street, Orange Is The New Black, Onion News Network, Johnny and the Sprites, Between the Lions, The Wubbulous World of Dr. Seuss, Oobi, Where in the World Is Carmen Sandiego, and its successor Where in Time is Carmen Sandiego? Other projects recorded at the studios have included Judge Judy, Power of 10, The Cosby Show, Cosby, The Days and Nights of Molly Dodd, Swans Crossing, Law & Order, Million Dollar Password, the 2009 pilot of The $1,000,000 Pyramid, Video Power, Spin City, Generation Gap and Mariah Carey's MTV Unplugged. WFAN, a local sports radio station owned by Audacy, was formerly based at the studio before moving to lower Manhattan in the fall of 2009.
Performers' images
The walls of the studio are lined with signed images of the performers who have worked in the studios, including Milton Berle, Frank Sinatra, The Marx Brothers, Ginger Rogers, George Burns, Lena Horne, Ethel Merman, Paul Robeson, Lillian Gish, Claudette Colbert, Gloria Swanson, Maurice Chevalier, Jeanette MacDonald, Diana Ross, and Jerry Orbach.
References
Notes
Further reading
Richard Koszarski, The Astoria Studio and Its Fabulous Films: A Picture History with 227 Stills and Photographs. New York: Dover Publications, 1983 (Dover Books on Cinema and the Stage),
Richard Koszarski, Hollywood on the Hudson: Film and Television in New York from Griffith to Sarnoff. New Brunswick, NJ / London: Rutgers University Press, 2008,
External links
Army Pictorial Center, built in 1919 as Famous Players Studio
Kaufman Astoria Studios at Internet Movie Database
American film studios
Astoria, Queens
Buildings and structures completed in 1920
Buildings and structures in Queens, New York
Buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in New York City
Entertainment companies based in New York City
Historic American Buildings Survey in New York City
Historic districts in Queens, New York
National Register of Historic Places in Queens, New York
New York City Designated Landmarks in Queens, New York
Television studios in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaufman%20Astoria%20Studios |
(; English: "The Hague Central") is the largest railway station in the city of The Hague in South Holland, Netherlands, and with twelve tracks, the largest terminal station in the Netherlands. The railway station opened in 1973, adjacent to its predecessor: Den Haag Staatsspoor, which was subsequently demolished. It is the western terminus of the Gouda–Den Haag railway.
History
The oldest station in The Hague is Den Haag Hollands Spoor, opened in 1843 by the Hollandsche IJzeren Spoorweg-Maatschappij when the railway between Amsterdam and Leiden was extended to The Hague and Rotterdam. This station was located at some distance from the city centre, just across what was then the municipal boundary of Rijswijk. In 1870, the Nederlandsche Rhijnspoorweg-Maatschappij (NRS) opened a second station in The Hague closer to the city centre. This station, Den Haag Rijnspoor, would service eastbound trains to Gouda and Utrecht. When the NRS was nationalised in 1890, this Gouda–Den Haag railway became the property of the Maatschappij tot Exploitatie van Staatsspoorwegen, and the station was renamed Den Haag Staatsspoor.
Den Haag Staatsspoor was a small building designed by A.W. van Erkel situated parallel to the railway, with the entrance facing sideways toward the city centre. This was designed to facilitate an extension of the railway to Scheveningen, which was constructed in 1907 but closed again in 1953. Staatsspoor was connected to Hollands Spoor and the Amsterdam–Haarlem–Rotterdam railway for passengers in the late 19th century, but that connection, too, was later discontinued.
In 1962, urban designer David Jokinen saw an opportunity to put an end to the situation with two main stations where Staatsspoor and Hollands Spoor each served only part of the rail traffic. The Jokinen Plan included demolishing the Staatsspoor station entirely. The railway from Utrecht and Gouda would terminate at Hollands Spoor, which would then become the city's central railway station. The demolition of the railway to Staatsspoor, meanwhile, would make space for an urban motorway and a monorail line. However, the plan was never realised.
In the 1960s, planned for The Hague to get a central railway station. While it initially intended to rebuild Hollands Spoor into a central railway station, The municipality of The Hague resisted this plan because it preferred a location closer to the city centre so that government buildings would be more accessible. Moreover, the buildings around Hollands Spoor provided little space for expansion of tracks and platforms in the future. It was therefore decided that a new station would be built next to Staatsspoor. With plans for an extension of the railway to Scheveningen definitively cancelled, this new station would become the terminal station of the Gouda–Den Haag railway. Construction started in 1970, and on 27 September 1973, the construction had advanced enough to allow for the opening a number of platforms. Trains previously headed for Staatsspoor were transferred to Centraal Station, and the now-redundant Staatsspoor was demolished in the same year. The bus platform was opened in 1975, and construction of Centraal Station finalised in 1976 with the opening of its tram station. The train station was officially opened on 28 May of that year. A chord to connect the station to Den Haag Laan van NOI and the railway to Amsterdam was also completed in 1975, while a chord to connect it to Den Haag Hollands Spoor and the railway to Rotterdam was completed the following year. This ensured that trains coming from north, east and south could all reach .
Although Centraal station is the largest station in The Hague, it is served only by terminating trains; Intercity and international trains travelling between Amsterdam and Rotterdam stop only at Hollands Spoor station, while trains from Utrecht and Gouda can only reach Centraal station. The Hague is the only city in the Netherlands retaining two separate major railway hubs, although since its opening Amsterdam Zuid station has been growing in importance as a second major railway hub for Amsterdam, alternative to Amsterdam Centraal station.
By the 2010s, the number of travellers per day had grown to 190,000, and had outgrown its capacity. In order to increase the station's capacity, a renovation of its main hall was started in 2011. The roof was replaced by one which is higher, and made of diamond-shaped glass plates placed in a framework of stainless steel. Moreover, more commercial space was added next to both side entrances, and new tiling was placed. The new main hall was opened by State Secretary Sharon Dijksma and mayor Jozias van Aartsen on 1 February 2016.
Train services
There are 22 scheduled trains per hour that leave on a normal weekday (07:00 - 20:00). Sprinter services call at every station along the way whilst Intercity trains only stop at the major stations.
There are 6 trains an hour (each way) connecting with Rotterdam Centraal, 6 trains an hour connecting it with Utrecht and 4 with Amsterdam.
Other transport
Tram services
is a public transport hub and a major nodal hub for the tram network run by HTM Personenvervoer. The railway station features two separate sets of platforms.
Upper tram station
These are two elevated island platforms serving four tracks, located above and lying perpendicular to the heavy rail tracks, serving lines 2, 3, 4, and 6. Regular lines 2 and 6 use the inner tracks, while the RandstadRail lines 3 and 4 use the outer tracks. They connect directly to the city centre tunnel to the west and the elevated tracks to Ternoot and Beatrixkwartier to the east.
Lower tram station
These are two ground-level side platforms and one island platform between them, located parallel to the heavy rail tracks outside the south-western entrance. All other city tram lines that call at the station use these platforms.
Metro services
The Rotterdam-based RET operates RandstadRail line E, a high-capacity metro service via Leidschenveen and Pijnacker to Rotterdam Centraal station. From there it shares track with line D of the Rotterdam Metro and terminates at Slinge station.
Until August 2016, these services used platforms 11 and 12 of the mainline station, alongside the heavy rail tracks. Since then, two dedicated elevated platforms have come into use. Here, metro trains use the high-level side platforms; the low-level island platform is used by RandstadRail trams in case of emergency, when the connecting tracks via Beatrixkwartier cannot be used.
Bus services
There is a bus platform above the rail roads, which is connected to the Prins Bernhardviaduct running over the tracks. The platform is accessible from the station's main hall. Several city and regional lines of three different carriers stop here. HTM's bus lines starting with an N are night buses and only run on Fridays and Saturdays.
See also
Zebra clock
References
External links
Live departure times and cancellations
Dutch Public Transport journey planner
HTM Personenvervoer
Centraal
Railway stations opened in 1973
RandstadRail stations in The Hague
Railway stations in the Netherlands opened in the 1970s | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Den%20Haag%20Centraal%20railway%20station |
Valeriy Anatolyevich Spitsyn (; born 5 December 1965 in Magnitogorsk, Chelyabinsk Oblast) is a retired male race walker from Russia.
International competitions
References
1965 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Magnitogorsk
Russian male racewalkers
Olympic athletes for Russia
Olympic athletes for the Unified Team
Athletes (track and field) at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2000 Summer Olympics
World Athletics Championships athletes for Russia
World Athletics Championships medalists
European Athletics Championships winners
European Athletics Championships medalists
CIS Athletics Championships winners
Russian Athletics Championships winners
World record setters in athletics (track and field) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Valeriy%20Spitsyn |
Thomas Young (1507 – 26 June 1568) was a Bishop of St David's and Archbishop of York (1561–1568).
Life
He was the son of John Young and Eleanor his wife, and was born at Hodgeston, Pembrokeshire, in 1507. He became a student at Broadgates Hall, Oxford, and graduated B. A. 14 June 1529, M. A. 19 March 1533, as secular chaplain, B.C.L. 17 February 1538, (disputation for) D.C.L. 13 February 1566, and was admitted in London. He became principal of his hall in 1542, and resigned in 1546. He had already become vicar of Llanfihangel Castell Gwallter, Cardiganshire, in 1541, rector of Hogeston in 1542, and, in the same year, of Nash-with-Upton, Pembrokeshire. In 1542 he became precentor of St David's Cathedral, entering into residence in 1547. Opposing the actions of Robert Ferrar, Bishop of St David's, who had made him his commissary, he, with others of the canons, drew up articles against him. Those were investigated by a commission appointed by Edward VI in 1549. Ferrar, in vindication of himself, accused Young and another canon of despoiling the cathedral of crosses, chalices, censers, and other plate, jewels, and ornaments. John Foxe comments very severely on Young's conduct.
On Queen Mary's accession Young was one of the six who, in convocation in 1553, publicly avowed his adherence to the Reformation and resigned his preferments. He was a Marian exile in Germany. His successor, Morgan Phillips, fellow of Oriel College, Oxford, was collated precentor on 31 May 1554.
On the accession of Elizabeth, Phillips was deprived (1559) and Young was restored. He was shortly afterwards appointed with others on a commission to visit the Welsh cathedrals. On the deprivation of Bishop Henry Morgan, he was elected bishop of St David's on 6 December 1559, confirmed on 18 January 1560, consecrated at Lambeth on 21 January 1560 by Archbishop Matthew Parker and the bishops of London, Ely, and Bedford. Through Lord Robert Dudley, he begged to obtain the restoration of the temporalities of his see, which were given on 23 March. He received licence to hold in commendam the precentorship and other positions, because of the extent of his diocese and its expense. On the deprivation of Nicholas Heath, archbishop of York, Parker recommended Young to the queen as Heath's successor. He was elected archbishop on 27 January 1561, and confirmed on 25 February receiving restitution of the temporalities on 4 March 1561.
In the north Young was immersed in the work of pacifying the country, bringing it to conformity in religion, and acting as the royal representative in political and religious matters. He was an active president of the Council of the North, judging on assize, and reviving the archiepiscopal mint. He was present with Parker at the interviews Elizabeth had in 1561 with De Quadra as to possible reunion through a general council. He was given charge of the young Charles Stuart, son of the Countess of Lennox, and ordered to repress the Catholic tendencies of the family. In his archiepiscopal visitation he claimed the right to visit the diocese of Durham, but was resisted. In 1561 he sat on the commission at Lambeth which drew up the articles. On 26 March 1564 the University of Oxford conferred on him the degree of D.C.L. In 1564 he visited and reformed the collegiate church at Manchester. In 1566, on account of his age, a suffragan, with the title of bishop of Nottingham, was consecrated to assist him (Richard Barnes, 9 March 1566).
He died at Sheffield on 26 June 1568, and was buried in the east end of the choir of York Minster, where his monument remains.
Family
He married, first, a daughter of George Constantine; secondly, Jane, daughter of Thomas Kynaston of Estwick, Staffordshire, by whom he had a son, Sir George Young (fl. 1612).
References
Attribution
External links
Welsh Biography Online
1507 births
1568 deaths
Archbishops of York
Bishops of St Davids
16th-century English Anglican priests
Alumni of Broadgates Hall, Oxford | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Young%20%28bishop%29 |
Jeff Meyer is an American television director. He has directed episodes of Everybody Loves Raymond, So Little Time, Coach, The Faculty, Still Standing and numerous episodes of Yes, Dear.
References
External links
American television directors
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
Year of birth missing (living people) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jeff%20Meyer%20%28director%29 |
SHK might refer to:
Schempp-Hirth SHK aerobatic glider
Speaker of the House of Keys of Isle of Man
Sun Hung Kai (disambiguation), groups of property and finance companies in Hong Kong
Swedish Accident Investigation Authority (Statens Haverikommission)
Stichodactyla toxin, a toxin from a sea anemone | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SHK |
"Bisclavret" ("The Werewolf") is one of the twelve Lais of Marie de France written in the 12th century. Originally written in French, it tells the story of a werewolf who is trapped in lupine form by the treachery of his wife. The tale shares a common ancestry with the comparable Lay of Melion, and is probably referenced in Sir Thomas Malory's Le Morte d'Arthur with the tale of Sir Marrok, who has a similar story.
Background
Marie de France claimed that she translated this lay, as well as the other eleven she wrote, from the Breton language, in which she claimed to have heard them performed. There have been many translations of her work into the English language, the translation noted below was done by Eugene Mason.
Synopsis
Bisclavret, a baron in Brittany who is well loved by the king, vanishes every week for three full days. No one in his household, not even his wife, knows where he goes. His wife finally begs him to tell her his secret and he explains that he is a werewolf. He also says that while in werewolf form he needs to hide his clothing in a safe place so he can return to human form. The baron's wife is so shocked by this news that she tries to think of ways she can escape her husband. She does not want to "lie beside him any more". She conspires with a knight who has loved her for a long time. The following week, the baron's wife sends the knight to steal her husband's clothing. When her husband fails to return, she marries the knight. The baron's people search for him but finally relent, feeling that their absentee ruler has left for good.
A year later, the king goes hunting and his dogs corner Bisclavret, now fixed in wolf form. As soon as he sees him, Bisclavret runs to the king to beg for mercy by taking the king's stirrup and kissing his foot and leg. This behavior so astounds the king that he has his companions drive back the dogs and everyone marvels at the wolf's nobility and gentleness. The king takes Bisclavret, still in wolf form, back to the castle to live with him.
The knight who had married Bisclavret's wife is invited to the castle for a celebration along with all the other barons. As soon as he sees him, Bisclavret attacks the man. The king calls to Bisclavret and threatens him with his staff. Because he never acted so violently before, everybody in the court thinks the knight must somehow have wronged the wolf. Soon after, the king visits the area where the baron used to live and brings the werewolf along with him. Bisclavret's wife learns of the king's arrival and takes many gifts for him. When he sees his former wife, nobody can restrain Bisclavret. He attacks her, tearing off her nose.
A wise man points out that the wolf had never acted so before and that this woman was the wife of the knight whom Bisclavret had recently attacked. The wise man also tells the king that this woman is the former wife of the missing baron. The king has the wife questioned under torture. She confesses all and yields up the stolen clothing. The king's men put the clothing before the wolf, but he ignores it. The wise man advises them to take the wolf and the clothing into a bedchamber and let Bisclavret change in privacy. Bisclavret does so, and when he again sees him, the king runs to his beloved baron and embraces him, giving him many kisses. The king restores Bisclavret's lands to him and exiles the baroness and her knight. Many of the wife's female progeny were afterwards born without noses and all of her children were "quite recognizable in face and appearance."
The word "Bisclavret"
In the first part of the poem, Marie de France seems to use the Norman French word for werewolf, garwaf, interchangeably with the Middle Breton term bisclavret. However, she draws a distinction between ordinary werewolves and Bisclavret. One scholar specifies three evidences for this. "First, [Marie de France's] statement implies that he is unlike the violent werewolves that she has just described; second, her use of the definite article combined with the fact that Bisclavret is capitalized also implies that he is unique, that he is perhaps the only Bisclavret. Finally it is also noteworthy that Marie uses the term "garwalf" when describing the traditional werewolf. She thus once again distinguishes it from Bisclavret."
Influence
Bisclavret was translated into Old Norse as Bisclaretz ljóð, one of the Strengleikar. Circulating in Iceland, it was much adapted, becoming Tiódels saga.
Retellings and adaptation
Sir Marrok: A Tale of the Days of King Arthur, a novel by Allen French, New York: Century, 1902.
The Werewolf Knight, a children's picture story book by Jenny Wagner and Robert Roennfeldt, Random House Australia, 1995.
The Wolf Hunt, a novel by Gillian Bradshaw, Tor Books, 2001.
The Beauty's Beast, a novel by E.D. Walker, Noble Romance Publishing, 2010.
The Tattooed Wolf, a novel by K. Bannerman, Hic Dragones Books, 2014.
This is Not a Werewolf Story, a novel by Sandra Evans, Atheneum Books, 2016.
In popular culture
Hungarian heavy metal band Altar of Storms used the story as inspiration for their song "Bisclavert (Werewolf's Night)" on their 1999 demo Shreds.
See also
Anglo-Norman literature
Medieval literature
Medieval French literature
Notes
Editions and translations
Black, Joseph. "Bisclavret." The Broadview Anthology of British Literature. 2nd ed. Vol. 1. Peterborough, Ont.: Broadview, 2009. 181-88. Print.
Burgess, Glyn S., trans. The Lais of Marie de France. Second ed. London: Penguin, 1999.
Rychner, Jean. Les Lais du Marie de France. Les Classiques Français du Moyen Age 93. Paris: Champion, 1973.
Bibliography
Bailey, H. W. "Bisclavret in Marie de France." Cambridge Medieval Celtic Studies 1 (Summer 1981): 95–97.
Bambeck, Manfred. "Das Werwolfmotiv im 'Bisclavret.'" Zeitschrift für Romanische Philologie 89 (1973): 123–47.
Benkov, Edith Joyce. "The Naked Beast: Clothing and Humanity in 'Bisclavret.'" Chimères 19.2 (1988): 27–43.
Bruckner, Matilde Tomaryn. "Of Men and Beasts in 'Bisclavret.'" The Romanic Review 82 (1991): 251–69.
Carey, John. "Werewolves in Medieval Ireland." Cambrian Medieval Celtic Studies 44 (Winter 2002): 37–72.
Chotzen, T. M. "Bisclavret." Etudes Celtiques 2 (1937): 33–44.
Creamer, Paul. "Woman-Hating in Marie de France's 'Bisclavret.'" The Romanic Review 93 (2002): 259–74.
Freeman, Michelle A. "Dual Natures and Subverted Glosses: Marie de France's 'Bisclavret.'" Romance Notes 25 (1985): 285–301.
Jorgensen, Jean. "The Lycanthropy Metaphor in Marie de France's Bisclavret." Selecta: Journal of the Pacific Northwest Council on Foreign Languages 15 (1994): 24–30.
Knight, Rhonda. "Werewolves, Monsters, and Miracles: Representings Colonial Fantasies in Gerald of Wales's Topographia Hibernica." Studies in Iconography 22 (2001): 55–86.
Martin, Carl Grey. "Bisclavret and the Subject of Torture." Romanic Review 104 (2013): 23-43.
Rothschild, Judith Rice. Narrative Technique in the Lais of Marie de France: Themes and Variations Vol. 1. Chapel Hill: UNC Department of Romance Languages, 1974.
Sayers, William. "Bisclavret in Marie de France: A Reply." Cambridge Medieval Celtic Studies 4 (Winter 1982): 77–82.
Schwerteck, Hans. "Eine Neue Etymologie von "Bisclavret." Romanische Forschungen 104.1–2 (1992): 160–63.
"The Lais of Marie De France Characters." The Lais of Marie De France Characters. N.p., n.d. Web. 30 Sept. 2015.
12th-century books
Anglo-Norman literature
French poems
Lais of Marie de France
Werewolf written fiction | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bisclavret |
Lobaria is a genus of foliose lichens, formerly classified in the family Lobariaceae, but now placed in the Peltigeraceae. They are commonly known as "lung wort" or "lungmoss" as their physical shape somewhat resembles a lung, and their ecological niche is similar to that of moss.
Lobaria are unusual in that they have a three-part symbiosis, containing a fungus, and an alga (as other lichens do), but also a cyanobacterium that fixes nitrogen.
Taxonomy
Lobaria was originally described as a section of the eponymous genus Lichen by German naturalist Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber in 1786. It was proposed as a genus by Georg Franz Hoffmann in 1796. The establishment of Lobaria remained uncertain until Edvard Vainio also described it. He divided the genus into two sections based on different morphologies of the mature spore: Lobaria and Ricasolia. In 2013, the concept of family Lobariaceae was revised with the help of molecular phylogenetics, and, in addition to the creation of several new genera, Ricasolia was promoted to generic status. The family Lobariaceae was synonymized with the Peltigeraceae in 2018.
Ecology
Lichenicolous fungi that have been found growing on Lobaria species include Stigmidium lobariae, Calycina alstrupii, and Abrothallus halei.
A Lobaria-associated actinobacterium, Subtercola lobariae, was isolated from L. retigera collected from the Jiaozi Snow Mountain in Yunnan Province, China. About a third of the bacteria found colonizing the thallus surface of Lobaria pulmonaria were found to belong to the Rhizobiales. This order of bacteria is well-known in their role as beneficial partners in plant-microbe interactions. Advantages conferred by the presence of the bacteria include auxin and vitamin production, nitrogen fixation, and stress protection. Although the bacteria were most prevalent on the thallus surface, they were shown to be able to penetrate into the interhyphal gelatinous matrix of the upper lichen cortical layer. Occasionally, some bacteria colonize the interior of the fungal hyphae.
Hydration traits determine much of a lichen's distribution pattern along a climatic gradient. A study demonstrated that Lobaria amplissima thalli with external cephalodia need more rain than thalli without, consistent with reports of decreasing frequency of external cephalodia from wet to drier climates.
A study using ecological niche modelling of occurrence data of three Lobaria species found in Italy predicts that climate change will impact their distribution range across the country and that there is a high extinction risk resulting from reduction of their range.
Evolutionary history
A fossil impression found in a 12–24 Myr-old Miocene deposit from Trinity County in northern California has strong similarities to extant species of Lobaria, particularly L. pulmonaria and other species with reticulated edges, including L. anomala and L. retigera. Using a molecular clock-calibrated phylogeny to obtain a time estimate for Lobaria yielded a stem age (the time that that clade descended from a common ancestor with its sister clade) of nearly 30 Mya. The evidence suggests that the paleoclimate and the closing or opening of the Bering Strait played a significant role in determining the distribution of most Lobaria species.
Species
Lobaria anomala
Lobaria anthraspis
Lobaria discolor
Lobaria endochroma – New Guinea
Lobaria hartmannii
Lobaria hengduanensis – China
Lobaria hertelii – New Guinea
Lobaria himalayensis – India
Lobaria irrugulosa – China
Lobaria isidiophora – Asia
Lobaria latilobulata – China
Lobaria macaronesica – Macaronesia
Lobaria oregana
Lobaria orientalis – Asia
Lobaria plurimiseptata
Lobaria pseudoretigera – New Guinea
Lobaria pulmonaria
Lobaria retigera
Lobaria rhaphispora
Lobaria spathulata
Several species formerly classified in Lobaria have been transferred to other genera in view of modern molecular phylogenetic studies. Examples include Lobaria quercizans and Lobaria amplissima (now in Ricasolia), and Lobaria scrobiculata (now in Lobarina).
Chemistry
Retigeranic acid is a sesterterpene compound isolated from Lobaria retigera. The ethyl acetate extract of Lobaria orientalis collected in Central Vietnam led to the isolation of new β-orcinol depsidones, lobarientalones A and B, and several diphenyl ethers, lobariethers A–E.
Uses
Three species of Lobaria are used as food by ethnic peoples in Yunnan Province (China): L. isidiophora, L. kurokawae, and L. yoshimurae.
References
Lichen genera
Peltigerales genera
Taxa described in 1791
Taxa named by Johann Christian Daniel von Schreber | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobaria |
The Shoreditch Twat fanzine was published and edited by club promoter Neil Boorman on behalf of the Shoreditch nightclub 333 between 1999 and 2004.
History
Starting life as a listings magazine for the club, it quickly grew to become an irreverent, satirical fanzine at the centre of the creative boom in East London. Producing 25,000 copies every six weeks with funding from BAT, Anheuser-Busch and Diesel, Shoreditch Twat attracted writers from The Guardian, The Face, Arena, Loaded, ID and Sleazenation, and illustrators James Jarvis, Bump, Will Sweeney and Elliot Thoburn.
The Twat was art directed by Bump (John Morgan and Mike Watson), adding a surreal edge.
Hoxton resident Lida Hujic wrote:
In 2001, the term Shoreditch Twat became popular vernacular for an overdressed East London 'trendy' and the fanzine went on to produce an installation for the Barbican Gallery's UK culture exhibition 'Jam', which later toured to Japan.
Channel 4 Television and Talkback commissioned Shoreditch Twat to produce a one-off comedy under the amended title of Shoreditch Tw*t, and shown in the Comedy Lab strand on 31 October 2002. This programme went on to win a special mention at the 2003 Montreux Comedy Award.
After four years and 31 issues, Shoreditch Twat ran into legal difficulties and was forced to close down. The publisher went on to edit Sleazenation Magazine.
See also
Nathan Barley
References
External links
Exhibition by Shoreditch Twat art directors
1999 establishments in the United Kingdom
2004 disestablishments in the United Kingdom
Local interest magazines published in the United Kingdom
Satirical magazines published in the United Kingdom
Defunct magazines published in the United Kingdom
Listings magazines
Magazines established in 1999
Magazines disestablished in 2004
Media and communications in the London Borough of Hackney
Shoreditch | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shoreditch%20Twat |
Chaim Ozer Grodzinski (; August 24, 1863 – August 9, 1940) was a Av beis din (rabbinical chief justice), posek (halakhic authority), and Talmudic scholar in Vilnius, Lithuania in the late 19th and early 20th centuries for over 55 years. He played an instrumental role in preserving Lithuanian yeshivas during the Communist era, and Polish and Russian yeshivas of Poland and during the Nazi invasion of Poland in 1939, when he arranged for these yeshivas to relocate to Lithuanian cities.
Biography
Chaim Ozer Grodzinski was born on 9 Elul 5623 (24 August 1863) in Iwye, Belarus, a small town near Vilnius. His father, David Shlomo Grodzinski, was rabbi of Iwye for over 40 years, and his grandfather was rabbi of the town for 40 years before that.
When he was 12 years old he went to study with the perushim, a group of Lithuanian Torah scholars in Eishyshok where he became bar mitzvah.
At the age of 15, he began studying at the Volozhin yeshiva and was accepted into Chaim Soloveitchik's shiur. He was married in his early twenties to Leah Grodnenski. Her father, Eliyahu Eliezer Grodnenski, was the head of the Beth Din of Vilna (this ear the most senior rabbinical position in Vilna). In 1887, after two years of marriage and at only 23 years old, Grodzinski took over his father-in-law's position, upon the latter's sudden passing.
Leadership
In 1887 he was appointed as a dayan (religious judge) of the beth din of Vilna. He was a participant in the founding conference of Agudath Israel (in Kattowitz, Silesia, in 1912) and served on the party's Council of Sages. He also was a co-founder and active leader of the Va'ad ha-Yeshivot (Council of the Yeshivot), based in Vilnius, an umbrella organization that offered material and spiritual support for yeshivot throughout the eastern provinces of Poland from 1924 to 1939. He wrote a three-volume work Achiezer.
He assisted in the management of the Rameilles Yeshiva of Vilnius. His students included Yehezkel Abramsky, Eliezer Silver, Moshe Shatzkes, and Reuven Katz.
In 1909, there was a meeting in Hamburg, Germany, that was the precursor of Agudas Yisroel, whose main goal was to combat the Zionists and the Mizrachi against Zionism. Grodzinski was the first chairman of the Moetzes Gedolei Torah, the rabbinical advisory board to the Agudah.
Death
Grodzinski died of cancer on 9 August 1940 (5 Av 5700).
Works
Rabbi Grodzensky's halachic opinion was highly regarded among the rabbis of his generation. His best known work is "Ahiezer" a collection of his "shutim" (responsa). The work is known for its lengthy discussions centered on analysis as opposed to final ruling. In this work he often quotes Rabbi Akiva Eiger.
Other works include two collections of correspondences by Rabbi Grodzinski on more general communal and Hashkafic matters.
References
1863 births
1940 deaths
People from Iwye
Belarusian Haredi rabbis
Lithuanian Haredi rabbis
19th-century Lithuanian rabbis
20th-century Lithuanian rabbis
Anti-Zionist Haredi rabbis
Deaths from cancer in Lithuania
Rabbis from Vilnius | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chaim%20Ozer%20Grodzinski |
Leptoceroidea is a superfamily of caddisflies.
References
Insect superfamilies
Integripalpia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Leptoceroidea |
Olga Kardopoltseva (; born 11 September 1966 in Almaty, Kazakhstan) is a Belarusian race walker.
International competitions
References
1966 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Almaty
Belarusian female racewalkers
Soviet female racewalkers
Olympic athletes for Belarus
Athletes (track and field) at the 1996 Summer Olympics
World Athletics Championships athletes for Belarus
World Athletics Championships medalists
European Athletics Championships medalists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olga%20Kardopoltseva |
Samuel Raymond Scottron (February 1841 – October 14, 1908) was a prominent African-American inventor from Brooklyn, N.Y. who began his career as a barber. He was born in Philadelphia in 1841. He received his engineering degree from Cooper Union in 1878.
He was a community leader in New York, setting up organizations to promote racial harmony and fairness, as well as a public speaker and writer on race relations. He was a member of the Brooklyn board of education, and a leader in the Republican Party. He fought for the end of slavery in Cuba and Puerto Rico. Scottron served as Chairman of the Cuban Anti-Slavery Committee which met at the Cooper Institute.
He invented a special mirror bracket that allowed one to see oneself as others saw them. He went on to receive four more patents, one of which being the curtain rod.
Career
Samuel Scottron moved with his family to New York City when he was a child, where he completed grammar school. During the American Civil War, he was the sutler for the 3rd United States Colored Infantry and almost went bankrupt. To recoup his fortunes, he first operated grocery stores in Gainesville and Jacksonville, Florida, and then a barber shop in Springfield, Massachusetts. It was there that he developed and patented his first invention, the adjustable window cornice. Moving to Brooklyn, New York, he worked as a traveling salesman for an import-export business located in lower Manhattan while continuing to patent his inventions and, by the late 1880s, was able to support himself and his family by manufacturing the products derived from his patents. His company, the Scottron Manufacturing Company, was located at 98 Monroe Street in Brooklyn. He helped improve society through his anti-slavery efforts and his inventions.
Family
Samuel Scottron married Anna Maria Willett, a native New Yorker, in 1863; they would have five children.
Samuel Raymond Scottron died of natural causes on October 14, 1908.
Inventions
Improved Mirror, March 31, 1868
Adjustable Window Cornice, February 17, 1880
Cornice, January 16, 1883
Pole Tip, September 21, 1886
Curtain Rod, August 30, 1892
Supporting Bracket, September 12, 1893
Sources
Ohio History Connection: African Americans in Ohio
United States Patent and Trademark Office
Brooklyn Public Library: The Brooklyn Daily Eagle
References
External links
1841 births
1905 deaths
Activists for African-American civil rights
19th-century American inventors
People from Brooklyn
Cooper Union alumni
African-American inventors
African-American activists
New York (state) Republicans | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel%20R.%20Scottron |
The Acts of Parliament (Commencement) Act 1793 (33 Geo. 3. c. 13) is an Act of the Parliament of the Kingdom of Great Britain which requires that the clerk of the Parliaments endorse every act of Parliament with the date on which the act passed and the date on which the same received royal assent and that the date is part of the act. The act formerly stated that such date was when the act would come into force unless the relevant act specified some other date instead of the first day of the session in which they were passed. The commencement part of the Act was repealed by the Interpretation Act 1978 and replaced with Section 4 of the same Act, which says the same thing as the repealed portion of the 1793 Act.
Commencement of Acts of Parliament prior to this Act
Previously, most Acts of Parliament were ex post facto laws, meaning that they were deemed to have come into force on the first day of the session in which they were passed (because of the legal fiction that a session lasted one day). This meant, prior to the enactment of this Act, that all Acts had come into force retroactively some as much as a year before they were actually passed. The preamble to the Commencement Act said that this historic practice was liable to produce "great and manifest injustice".
Provisions of this Act
This Act provides that it applies to Acts of Parliament passed after 8 April 1793.
Endorsement of Acts with the date of royal assent
This Act imposes a duty on the Clerk of the Parliaments to endorse any Act which passes with the date ("the day, month and year") on which that Act passed and received royal assent. It provides that the date must be written, in English, immediately after the title of that Act, and that that endorsement is part of the endorsed Act.
Commencement of Acts
This Act originally provided that the endorsed Act was to come into force on the date specified by the endorsement, where no other commencement was specified by the endorsed Act. The relevant words were repealed on 1 January 1979 and have been replaced by section 4 of the Interpretation Act 1978, which says the same thing.
Dating of Acts
Because of the fiction that an Act had come into force on the first day of the session, it was also the convention in citing a pre-1793 Act to date it to the year in which the session had commenced. In the context of modern historical writing, however, it is more usual to date Acts (especially well-known and historically significant Acts) to the actual year in which they passed through Parliament. This leads to discrepancies in the way in which the same Act may be cited or referred to: for example, the Act of Uniformity (1 Eliz. 1. c. 2) is often dated to 1558 in legal contexts, but to 1559 in historical contexts; the Toleration Act (1 Will. & Mar. c. 18) to 1688 in legal contexts, but 1689 in historical contexts; the Bill of Rights (1 Will. & Mar. Sess. 2. c. 2) to 1688 in legal contexts, but 1689 in historical contexts; and the Union with Scotland Act (6 Ann. c. 11) to 1706 in legal contexts, but 1707 in historical contexts. The Calendar (New Style) Act 1750 (24 Geo. 2. c.23, assented 17 May 1751) is known in US usage as the British Calendar Act of 1751, which may cause some confusion since there was also a Calendar Act 1751 (25 Geo. 2. c.30) to amend the 1750 Act.
See also
Ex post facto law
Coming into force
Acts of Parliament (Commencement) Act (Ireland) 1795
References
Halsbury's Statutes. Fourth Edition. 2008 Reissue. Volume 41. Page 701.
External links
The Acts of Parliament (Commencement) Act 1793, as amended, from the National Archives.
Royal Assent Procedure
Great Britain Acts of Parliament 1793
Ex post facto law | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Acts%20of%20Parliament%20%28Commencement%29%20Act%201793 |
Limnephiloidea is a superfamily of Trichoptera caddisflies.
References
Insect superfamilies
Integripalpia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Limnephiloidea |
NGC 4565 (also known as the Needle Galaxy or Caldwell 38) is an edge-on spiral galaxy about 30 to 50 million light-years away in the constellation Coma Berenices. It lies close to the North Galactic Pole and has a visual magnitude of approximately 10. It is known as the Needle Galaxy for its narrow profile. First recorded in 1785 by William Herschel, it is a prominent example of an edge-on spiral galaxy.
Characteristics
NGC 4565 is a giant spiral galaxy more luminous than the Andromeda Galaxy. Much speculation exists in literature as to the nature of the central bulge. In the absence of clear-cut dynamical data on the motions of stars in the bulge, the photometric data alone cannot adjudge among various options put forth. However, its exponential shape suggested that it is a barred spiral galaxy. Studies with the help of the Spitzer Space Telescope not only confirmed the presence of a central bar but also showed a pseudobulge within it as well as an inner ring.
NGC 4565 has at least two satellite galaxies, one of which is interacting with it. It has a population of roughly 240 globular clusters, more than the Milky Way.
NGC 4565 is one of the brightest member galaxies of the Coma I Group.
This edge-on galaxy exhibits a slightly warped and extended disk under deep optical surveys, likely due to ongoing interactions with neighboring satellite galaxies or other galaxies in the Coma I group. GALEX images show the slight warp at the edge of the disc more clearly than other surveys.
Using the LOw-Frequency ARray (LOFAR), astronomers of the University of Hamburg discovered a diffuse radio halo around NGC 4565. During the observations, a warp was detected in the radio continuum of NGC 4565 that is reminiscent of a neutral hydrogen line (HI) warp and identifying a slight flaring of the galaxy's radio halo. It is assumed that this flaring is caused by the warp as the vertical intensity profiles are asymmetric, which is in agreement with the warp. According to the study, a minimum age for the warp was estimated at approximately 130 million years. This is the spectral age of the galaxy's cosmic ray electrons, during which they are transported into the warp. This indicates that NGC 4565 may be in the aftermath of a period with more intense star formation.
References
External links
National Optical Astronomical Observatory – NGC 4565
APOD (2010-03-04) – NGC 4565: Galaxy on Edge
APOD (2009-04-28) – NGC 4565
SEDS – NGC 4565
Unbarred spiral galaxies
Coma Berenices
4565
07772
42038
038b
Astronomical objects discovered in 1785
Discoveries by William Herschel
Coma I Group | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NGC%204565 |
Sericostomatoidea is a superfamily in the order Trichoptera, the caddisflies.
Families include:
Anomalopsychidae
Antipodoeciidae
Barbarochthonidae
Beraeidae
Calocidae
Chathamiidae
Conoesucidae
Helicophidae
Helicopsychidae – snail-case caddisflies
Hydrosalpingidae
Petrothrincidae
Sericostomatidae
References
Insect superfamilies
Integripalpia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sericostomatoidea |
Frants Kostyukevich (; born 4 April 1963) is a male race walker who represented the USSR and later Belarus.
Achievements
External links
1963 births
Living people
Belarusian male racewalkers
Soviet male racewalkers
World Athletics Championships athletes for the Soviet Union
World Athletics Championships athletes for Belarus
World Athletics Race Walking Team Championships winners
World Athletics Indoor Championships medalists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frants%20Kostyukevich |
Hubert Léonard (7 April 1819 – 6 May 1890) was a Belgian violinist and composer.
Biography
Léonard was born in Liège, Belgium on April 7 1819. His earliest preparatory training was given by a prominent teacher of the time, , after which he entered the Paris Conservatoire in 1836. There he studied for three years under François Antoine Habeneck. In 1844 he started his extended tours which established his reputation as one of the greatest of virtuosos. From 1848 to 1867 he held the position of principal professor of violin playing at the Brussels Conservatoire, having succeeded the celebrated Charles de Bériot. Léonard developed a close friendship with Henri Vieuxtemps, a renowned violinist of the time. Owing to ill health, he resigned and settled in Paris, where he spent the rest of his life, and where he gave lessons. Among his notable students were Alfred De Sève, Martin Pierre Marsick, Henri Marteau, Henry Schradieck, Paul Viardot and César Thomson. He wrote a significant pedagogical work entitled Ecole Léonard.
References
Sources
External links
1819 births
1890 deaths
Belgian classical composers
Belgian male classical composers
Romantic composers
Belgian classical violinists
Musicians from Liège
19th-century classical composers
19th-century classical violinists
Male classical violinists
19th-century Belgian male musicians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hubert%20L%C3%A9onard |
Joe Purdy is an American singer/songwriter who has released fourteen albums over the last fifteen years. In 2017, Purdy made his acting debut in American Folk.
Career
Purdy's albums Paris in the Morning and You Can Tell Georgia have sold a combined 80,000 single downloads online worldwide. His catalog of music has sold over 800,000 single downloads worldwide.
A regular at The Hotel Café in Los Angeles, Purdy traveled to the UK with Tom McRae in 2006 as part of McRae's Hotel Cafe Tour.
Purdy's appearance at the Wireless Festival in Leeds led to a special request from The Who member Pete Townshend and his girlfriend Rachel Fuller to play with them at their acoustic "In the Attic" series of shows.
Purdy has also supported The Giving Tree Band starting in 2012, performing live shows and traveling with them on tours.
Purdy's band members have included Chris Seefried, Brian Wright, Willy C. Golden, Al Sgro, and Mike Freas.
Recordings
Purdy's released albums are Joe Purdy, Sessions from Motor Ave., Stompingrounds, Julie Blue, Only Four Seasons, You Can Tell Georgia, Paris In The Morning, Canyon Joe, Take My Blanket and Go, Last Clock On the Wall, 4th of July, This American, Eagle Rock Fire, Who Will Be Next? and American Folk.
You Can Tell Georgia was recorded outside London immediately following a European tour with Tom McRae. Paris in the Morning was recorded during a short visit to Paris a few months later. In July 2009, Purdy began touring with Steve Earle.
Television
His song "Wash Away (Reprise)", from the Julie Blue album, was chosen by J. J. Abrams for the third episode of ABC's hit TV show Lost in its first season.
Shortly after, the song "Suitcase" was featured in the seventh episode of Grey's Anatomy and "I Love the Rain" (also off Julie Blue) was featured in the eighth episode of the ABC show which led to "The City" (from Only Four Seasons) being included on the Grey's Anatomy Season One soundtrack, which sold over 150,000 units. Additionally, Purdy landed three more songs in Grey's episodes, "Suitcase" (from Only Four Seasons), "Can't Get It Right Today" (from You Can Tell Georgia) and, most recently, "San Jose" (from Take My Blanket And Go).
His song "Rainy Day Lament" (And "Good Days" from the album Stompingrounds), was featured in the first episode of House M.D.'s 7th season.
The song "Mary May & Bobby" was also featured in an episode of Suburgatory.
His song "Miss Me" from the album "Last Clock on the Wall" was featured at the end of the New Amsterdam episode "Falling" (Season 5 Episode 11) which first aired January 3, 2023.
Movies
Purdy's song "Mary" (off the album Julie Blue) was featured in the film The Secret Life of Bees.
He has also had a song, "Miss Me", in the Drew Barrymore and Justin Long movie Going the Distance.
Several of Purdy's songs are featured in the 2013 film Straight A's. Also, Purdy's song "Outlaws" was featured in the movie A Case of You.
Purdy played the lead role of Elliot in the feature film American Folk, which was released in the U.S. through Good Deed Entertainment on January 26, 2018.
Discography
Albums
References
External links
American bluegrass musicians
American male singer-songwriters
American folk musicians
American country singer-songwriters
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
Year of birth missing (living people)
Singer-songwriters from Arkansas
Country musicians from Arkansas | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joe%20Purdy |
WJYY (105.5 FM, "105.5 JYY") is a radio station broadcasting a Rhythmic hot adult contemporary format. Licensed to Concord, New Hampshire, United States, the station serves the Concord and Manchester areas. The station is owned by Binnie Media and licensed to WBIN Media Co., Inc.
History
The station was assigned the WJYY call letters by the Federal Communications Commission on January 31, 1983 The station was originally branded as JOY 105.5 FM. WJYY was also simulcasted on a sister station 92.1 WNHQ, which improved its signal in the southern parts of the Manchester metro. This lasted until December 1999, when WNHQ flipped to WFEX, an alternative rock format that also simulcasted the Boston, Massachusetts alternative rock station WFNX.
WJYY, along with 16 other stations in northern New England formerly owned by Nassau Broadcasting Partners, was purchased at bankruptcy auction by WBIN Media Company, a company controlled by Bill Binnie, on May 22, 2012. Binnie already owned WBIN-TV in Derry and WYCN-LP in Nashua. The deal was completed on November 30, 2012.
In an effort to compete with heritage Lakes Region CHR outlet WFTN-FM, WJYY started to simulcast in the Lakes Region on 1490 WEMJ and its 107.3 translator on May 24, 2019. The simulcast ended on October 26, 2020, with WEMJ switching back to its original news/talk format.
Around fall 2021, WJYY shifted its format to rhythmic CHR. In January 2023, the format was modified to a rhythmic hot AC format, focusing on rhythmic gold from the late 1990s through the 2010s, with two recent titles per hour.
References
External links
JYY
Radio stations established in 1983
1983 establishments in New Hampshire
Merrimack County, New Hampshire
Contemporary hit radio stations in the United States
Rhythmic contemporary radio stations in the United States
Concord, New Hampshire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WJYY |
Kokanee is a word from the Okanagan language referring to land-locked lake populations of sockeye salmon (Oncorhynchus nerka). It may also refer to:
Kokanee Range, a subrange of the Selkirk Mountains in British Columbia, Canada
Kokanee salmon, a landlocked type of sockeye salmon
Kokanee Creek Provincial Park, British Columbia, Canada
Kokanee, British Columbia, a settlement on the West Arm of Kootenay Lake in British Columbia, Canada, at the mouth of the creek
Kokanee Landing, a former steamboat landing and CPR station on the West Arm of Kootenay Lake in British Columbia, Canada
Kokanee Point is located on the north shore of the West Arm of Kootenay Lake, to the west of Kokanee (settlement)
Kokanee Narrows, a narrows on the West Arm of Kootenay Lake
Kokanee Glacier Provincial Park, British Columbia, Canada, and associated placenames, including:
Kokanee Glacier
Kokanee Lake
Kokanee Pass, a mountain pass located in Kokanee Glacier Park
Kokanee Peak, a peak in the Kokanee Range located in Kokanee Glacier Park
Kokanee beer, a popular beer in British Columbia, named for the Kokanee Glacier
Kokanee Bay, a bay on the north side of Lac La Hache in the Cariboo region of British Columbia
Kokanee Elementary School, a school in the Northshore School District, located in Bothell, King Country, Washington, United States
Kokanee Campground, a locality in Fresno County, California
Kokanee Picnic Area, a locality in Trinity County, California
Kokanee Cove, a bay in Grand County, Colorado
Kokanee Bend Fishing Access, a locality near Columbia Falls in Flathead County, Montana
Lake Kokanee, a reservoir in Mason County, Washington | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kokanee |
Phryganeoidea is a giant caddisfly superfamily that may be paraphyletic with Limnephiloidea.
References
Insect superfamilies
Integripalpia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phyrganeoidea |
Permit may refer to:
Permit (fish), a game fish of the western Atlantic Ocean belonging to the family Carangidae, Trachinotus falcatus
Various legal licenses:
License
Work permit, legal authorization which allows a person to take employment
Learner's permit, restricted license that is given to a person who is learning to drive
International Driving Permit, allows an individual to drive a private motor vehicle in another nation
Disabled parking permit, displayed upon a vehicle carrying a person whose mobility is significantly impaired
Protest permit, permission granted by a governmental agency for a demonstration
Construction permit, required in most jurisdictions for new construction, or adding onto pre-existing structures
Filming permit, required in most jurisdictions for filming motion pictures and television
Home Return Permit, Mainland (China) Travel Permit for Hong Kong and Macao Residents
One-way Permit, document issued by the PRC allowing residents of mainland China to leave the mainland for Hong Kong
Thresher/Permit class submarine, a class of nuclear-powered fast attack submarines in service with the United States Navy
USS Permit (SS-178), a Porpoise-class submarine of the United States Navy
USS Permit (SSN-594), the lead ship of her class of submarine of the United States Navy
Permit (film), a 1979 Pakistani Punjabi film | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Permit |
Back to Times of Splendor is the full-length debut album by the German band Disillusion. It contains a concept-based story, written by Vurtox; with each song dividing the story into separate conjoined sections (or chapters). The album received critical acclaim upon release and is considered by many to be a modern metal classic.
Track listing
All Songs Written By Disillusion.
Personnel
Disillusion
Vurtox − vocals, guitar, acoustic guitar, bass guitar, keyboards, orchestral arrangements
Rajk Barthel − guitar
Jens Maluschka − drums
Additional musicians
Thomas Bremer − piano on "... And the Mirror Cracked"
Matthias Schifter − fretless bass on "And the Mirror Cracked" and "A Day by the Lake"
Denise Schneider − female voice on "Fall" and "The Sleep of Restless Hours"
Stefan Launicke − piano intro on "Back to Times of Splendor" strings on "The Sleep of Restless Hours"
Alex Tscholakov − drum loops and percussion on "Alone I Stand in Fires"
Production
Recorded May through Nov. 2003 by Vurtox and Jan Stצlzel at Salvation Recording, Leipzig
Vocals and acoustic guitars recorded by Alexander Tscholakov
Mixed by Alexander Tscholakov, Vurtox and Disillusion during December to January 2003 at TAM Recordings
Mastered at Mastersound Studio (Fellbach) January 2004 by Alexander Krull and Disillusion
References
2004 debut albums
Disillusion (band) albums
Metal Blade Records albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back%20to%20Times%20of%20Splendor |
François Antoine Habeneck (22 January 1781 – 8 February 1849) was a French classical violinist and conductor.
Early life
Habeneck was born at Mézières, the son of a musician in a French regimental band. During his early youth, Habeneck was taught by his father, and at the age of ten played concertos in public. In 1801, he entered the Conservatoire de Paris, where he studied under Pierre Baillot and obtained the violin first prize in 1804. In the same year, he joined the orchestra of the Opéra-Comique, but shortly afterwards moved to that of the Paris Opera. He conducted student concerts at the Conservatoire from 1806 onwards.
Career at the Paris Opera
On 1 June 1817, Habeneck became an assistant conductor (chef d'orchestre adjoint) of the Paris Opera, a post he held until 1 January 1819, when he was replaced by J.-J. Martin. On 1 April 1820, on a trial basis, Henri Valentino replaced J.-J. Martin as second conductor (deuxième chef d'orchestre, à titre d'essai), but in August, Valentino and Habeneck were jointly designated successors to Rodolphe Kreutzer, the first conductor (premier chef d'orchestre), only to take effect, however, when Kreutzer left that position. In the meantime, on 1 November 1821, Habeneck became the administrative director of the Opera. On 1 December 1824, when Kreutzer retired as the conductor of the orchestra, Habeneck and Valentino became joint First Conductors, and Raphaël de Frédot Duplantys replaced Habeneck as the Opera's administrator. Valentino resigned on 1 June 1831, and Habeneck remained as the sole first conductor until his retirement on 1 November 1846. During that time, he conducted the first performances of, among other operas, Robert le diable, La Juive, Les Huguenots and Benvenuto Cellini.
According to the French music historian Arthur Pougin, Habeneck was initially the conductor responsible for the preparation of Spontini's Olimpie, but at one of the general rehearsals Habeneck and Spontini had a violent quarrel, resulting in Habeneck's dismissal, and Henri Valentino was put in charge of Olimpie.
Orchestral concerts, compositions, pupils and later years
Habeneck became the founding conductor of the Orchestre de la Société des Concerts du Conservatoire in 1828. By means of these concerts, he introduced Beethoven's symphonies into France. He composed two concertos, compositions for the violin, and several songs, but published only a few of his compositions. Among his pupils were Jean-Delphin Alard, Hubert Léonard, Léon Le Cieux and Édouard Lalo. Hector Berlioz, in his memoirs, denounced Habeneck for incompetence in conducting Berlioz's own Requiem. Richard Wagner credits Habeneck with a performance of Beethoven's ninth symphony upon which "the scales fell from my eyes".
Richard Wagner and Beethoven's 9th Symphony
Wagner arrived in Boulogne, France in August 1839 determined to succeed as a dramatic composer. In advance, Wagner had written to Meyerbeer requesting an interview, and although Meyerbeer had failed to reply, Wagner considered it good fortune to discover that Meyerbeer happened to be staying in Boulogne at the time arrival from England. Subsequently, Wagner called, paid his due respects, and Meyerbeer promised a letter of introduction to both Henri Duponchel, the director of the Opéra, and Habeneck, its chief conductor.
Settled in Paris, in September 1839, and fortified with Meyerbeer's letter, Wagner paid a call on both men. Whilst Duponchel dismissed Wagner without emotion, Habeneck received him with 'more than just a perfunctory show of interest' and expressed a willingness to let his orchestra play through a piece of Wagner's at some later date. Unfortunately, Wagner records, the only orchestral piece available was his "strange" Columbus overture which Habeneck graciously accepted to consider. When an opportunity to perform the overture materialised, Habeneck 'dryly, but not without kindness', warned Wagner that the piece was too "vague". Nevertheless, and against Habeneck's good advice, Wagner persevered. Rehearsals with the orchestra went badly, and the actual performance was deemed by Wagner a failure.
Nearly thirty years later, in his 1869 tract On Conducting, Wagner complains that the glaring weaknesses of German orchestras are a direct result of the poor quality of Kapellmeisters in their role as conductors. Reflecting back on the late 1820s when Wagner lived in Leipzig, he recalls that every year the Gewandhaus orchestra performed Beethoven's 9th symphony as a matter of honour, despite it being a piece they couldn't manage. As a teenager Wagner had, in 1831, had made a piano arrangement of the Ninth but the Gewandhaus performances threw him into such doubt and confusion about Beethoven's merit that he temporarily abandoned his own study of the composer. It was not until a performance of the D minor symphony in Paris in late 1839 (or more likely, early 1840)
at the hands of the Paris Conservatoire Orchestra conducted by Habeneck that Wagner experienced his Damascene insight into the work's secret. He believed that he had heard the symphony for the first time, and as Beethoven himself had conceived it. Habeneck's success, Wagner stresses, was not attributable to genius, or for that matter conscientious diligence, although Habeneck had spent over two years studying and rehearsing the work, but that Habeneck had "found the right tempo because he took infinite pains to get his orchestra to understand the melos of the symphony, and thus the orchestra had made the work sing. Later that year, in November–December 1840, Wagner published his well-known novella A Pilgrimage to Beethoven (Eine Pilgerfahrt zu Beethoven).
Wagner defines melos as a singing style which shaped melodic phrases with rubato, tonal variation, and shifting accent, and the right comprehension of the melos is the sole guide to the right tempo: these two things are inseparable: the one implies and qualifies the other. After the foundation stone for the Bayreuth Festpielhaus had been laid in May 1872, the assembled throng retired to the Margrave Opera House where Wagner conducted a performance of the D minor symphony. Despite the fact that Wagner had hand-picked the musicians from the best houses in Germany, a number of problems with the clarity of the performance affected Wagner so deeply that he was forced once again to the study of this "marvellous work". The result of the study was the 1873 essay, On Performing Beethoven's Ninth Symphony. Again, and now over forty years since that memorable Paris concert performance, Habeneck's insight was the model for remedying the evil that Wagner had encountered in his own performance.
In my view, clarity depends upon one thing only: the drastic bringing out of the melody. As I have pointed out elsewhere it is easier for French players than for German to penetrate the secret of performing these works: they were reared in the Italian school which regards melody, song, as the essence of all music. If by this means truly committed musicians have found the right way of performing works of Beethoven hitherto considered incomprehensible...we can hope their methods become the norm.
This central thought of Wagner's, derived from Habeneck's inspiring performance, influenced not only conductors in the nineteenth century but also Boulez (who concluded that what Wagner had to say about conducting, was correct and John Barbirolli who articulated that giving the true tempo and finding the work's melos was the key to the conductor in excelcis.
Habeneck died in Paris in 1849.
Notes
Bibliography
Castil-Blaze (1855). L'Académie impériale de musique: histoire littéraire, musicale, politique et galante de ce théâtre, de 1645 à 1855, vol. 2. Paris: Castil-Blaze. Copy at Google Books.
Macdonald, Hugh (1992). "Habeneck, François-Antoine" in The New Grove Dictionary of Opera, vol 2, p. 590
Macdonald, Hugh (2001). "Habeneck, François-Antoine" in The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, 2nd edition, edited by Stanley Sadie. London: Macmillan. (hardcover). (eBook).
Pougin, Arthur (1880). "Valentino (Henri-Justin-Joseph)", pp. 597–598, in Biographie universelle des musiciens et Bibliographie générale de la musique par F.-J. Fétis. Supplément et complément, vol. 2. Paris: Firmin-Didot. View at Google Books.
Wild, Nicole (1989). Dictionnaire des théâtres parisiens au XIXe siècle: les théâtres et la musique. Paris: Aux Amateurs de livres. . (paperback). View formats and editions at WorldCat.
External links
, ancillary material for D. Kern Holoman's The Société des Concerts du Conservatoire 1828-1967 (University of California Press, 2004).
, from D. Kern Holoman's The Société des Concerts du Conservatoire website
1781 births
1849 deaths
People from Charleville-Mézières
19th-century French male classical violinists
French conductors (music)
French male conductors (music)
Directors of the Paris Opera
French male classical composers
French Romantic composers
Conservatoire de Paris alumni
Academic staff of the Conservatoire de Paris
Burials at Père Lachaise Cemetery
19th-century classical composers
19th-century French composers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois%20Habeneck |
The Chartered Institution of Water and Environmental Management (CIWEM) is an independent professional body and a registered charity in the United Kingdom that works internationally to advance the science and practice of water resource management and environmental resource management for sustainability. It is licensed by the Science Council to award Chartered Scientist and Chartered Environmentalist status to qualifying members. It is a member of the Society for the Environment.
The organisation was formed in 1987 when the Institution of Public Health Engineers, the Institution of Water Engineers and Scientists, and the Institute of Water Pollution Control merged. It was granted a Royal Charter in 1995.
CIWEM Awards
CIWEM presents a number of yearly awards. Since 2007 the organisation has run the CIWEM Environmental Photographer of the Year (EPOY) competition for photographers and filmmakers, with the aim of raising international awareness of environmental and social issues such as climate change and social inequality. Winning and shortlisted photographs and films are featured in an exhibition at the Royal Geographical Society in London before touring the UK.
Other awards presented by CIWEM have included Sustainable Wetland of the Year, Tomorrow's Water, and the Environmental Parliamentarian of the Year Award. they run the Environmental Photographer of the Year, Young Environmentalist of the Year (YETOY), UK Junior Water Prize in association with the Stockholm International Water Institute, and the Nick Reeves Award for Arts and the Environment.
CIWEM Communities
CIWEM also has a number of branches (predominantly across the UK) and groups and networks including:
Water Resources Network
Rivers and Coastal Group
Urban Drainage Group
Climate Change Network
Arts and Environment Network
Contaminated Land Network
Faiths and the Environment Network
Natural Capital Network
Energy Network
Waste and Resources Management Network
Water Supply and Quality Network
Wastewater and Biosolids Network
Air Network
Floods and Coastal Erosion Risk Management Specialist Panel
WEM Pride
CIWEM Early Careers Network
Flood and Coast Community
See also
Chartered Institution of Wastes Management
List of organisations in the United Kingdom with a royal charter
List of professional associations in the United Kingdom
References
External links
CIWEM website
CIWEM Competitions and Awards
ECUK Licensed Members
Environmental management-related professional associations
International professional associations
Organisations based in the London Borough of Camden
Water and Environmental Management
1987 establishments in the United Kingdom | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chartered%20Institution%20of%20Water%20and%20Environmental%20Management |
Lake Burgas (, Burgasko ezero) or Lake Vaya (езеро Вая, ezero Vaya), located near the Black Sea west of the city of Burgas, is the largest natural lake in Bulgaria, with an area of 27.60 km2, a length of 9.6 km and a width of 2.5 to 5 km. It is up to 34 m deep.
The lake's waters contain relatively little salt (about 4-11‰). Lake Burgas is inhabited by a wide variety of species, including 23 fish, 60 invertebrates and 254 bird species (of which 61 are endangered in Bulgaria and 9 in the world).
An important fish-producing reservoir in the past, Lake Burgas lost much of its economic importance after the construction of the petrochemical plant near the city, but has witnessed an increasing number of species and decreasing pollution in recent years.
References
Burgas
Burgas | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lake%20Burgas |
Denis Gennadyevich Nizhegorodov (; born 26 July 1980) is a retired Russian race walker. Between 2008 and 2014 he held the world record over 50 km distance, with a time of 3:34:14. He competed in this event at the 2004 and 2008 Olympics and won a silver and a bronze medal, respectively.
In May 2016, Nizhegorodov became one of 14 Russian athletes implicated in doping following the retesting of urine from the 2008 Olympic Games. His sample A failed the retest, but these results were not confirmed on his sample B.
International competitions
References
External links
1980 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Saransk
Russian male racewalkers
Olympic male racewalkers
Olympic athletes for Russia
Olympic silver medalists for Russia
Olympic bronze medalists for Russia
Olympic silver medalists in athletics (track and field)
Olympic bronze medalists in athletics (track and field)
Athletes (track and field) at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2004 Summer Olympics
World Athletics Championships athletes for Russia
World Athletics Championships winners
World Athletics Championships medalists
World Athletics Race Walking Team Championships winners
Russian Athletics Championships winners
World record setters in athletics (track and field) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Denis%20Nizhegorodov |
Parzival Copes, (22 January 1924 – 8 September 2017) was a Canadian economist with a particular interest in regional science and specialization in fisheries economics and management.
Born in Nakusp, British Columbia, he moved with his family to the Netherlands in 1933 and was educated at Vierde Vijfjarige H.B.S. in Amsterdam from 1936 to 1941. In 1942, he became active in 'underground' activities against the German occupation and in 1944 joined a Dutch resistance army unit. Later that year, he was arrested and spent time in prison and a penal labour camp Erika at Ommen. In April 1945, he escaped from a prison convoy and met up with the advancing Canadian Army, where he was employed in uniform as an interpreter.
After spending a year with the British military government in Germany, he returned to Canada, and enrolled at the University of British Columbia, where he also joined the Canadian Officers Training Corps in 1946. In 1949, he obtained a Commission. In the reserves, he served as Intelligence Officer with the Cameron Highlanders of Ottawa and later as Commanding Officer (rank of Major) of 112 Manning Depot in St. John's. He was awarded a Canadian Forces Decoration in 1963.
He received a Bachelor of Arts degree in economics and political science in 1949 and a Master of Arts degree in economics in 1950 from the University of British Columbia. He earned his Ph.D. in economics in 1956 from the London School of Economics. He has been awarded honorary doctorates by Royal Roads Military College in Victoria, by the University of Tromsø in Norway and by the Memorial University of Newfoundland.
From 1953 to 1957, he was an economist and statistician with the Dominion Bureau of Statistics in Ottawa, where he was placed in charge of the Canadian Sickness Survey unit. In 1957, he was appointed associate professor—and subsequently professor—at the Memorial University of Newfoundland and Head of the Department of Economics. In 1961, he proposed and helped create Memorial's Institute of Social and Economic Research and was its first director of economic research.
In 1964, he was appointed professor in the Department of Economics and Commerce at Simon Fraser University, serving as founding head of the department until 1969 and as chairman from 1972 to 1975. In 1968, he introduced Canada's first Executive MBA program. He organized the Centre for Canadian Studies, serving as director from 1978 to 1985. From 1980 to 1994 he was founding Director of the Institute of Fisheries Analysis. In 1991, he was appointed Emeritus Professor.
He has served as president of the Canadian Regional Science Association, the Western Regional
Science Association and the Pacific Regional Science Conference Organization, and as vice-president of the Social Science Federation of Canada and the Canadian Economics Association.
In 1992 he was named a Foreign Fellow of the Russian Academy of Natural Sciences. He was the first recipient of the Sterling Prize in Support of Controversy in 1994 and received the Distinguished Service Award of the International Institute of Fisheries Economics and Trade in 1996. In 2005, he was made an Officer of the Order of Canada.
References
1924 births
2017 deaths
Canadian economists
Dutch resistance members
Canadian people of Dutch descent
Officers of the Order of Canada
People from the Regional District of Central Kootenay
Alumni of the London School of Economics
University of British Columbia alumni
Academic staff of Simon Fraser University
Regional economists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Parzival%20Copes |
India competed at the 1984 Summer Olympics in Los Angeles, United States.
India didn't win a medal but the Games are remembered for bringing Indian women athletes centre stage.
P. T. Usha lost the bronze medal in 400 metre hurdles by one-hundredth of a second. Earlier in the Games, Shiny Abraham reached the semifinals of 800 metres with a personal best of 2:04.69 seconds and became the first Indian woman to reach the semi-finals of an Olympic event. She finished last in the semifinal.
Later, the Indian women's 4x400 metre relay team of P. T. Usha, Shiny Abraham, M. D. Valsamma and Vandana Rao made it to the finals. They finished last among the seven teams in the final but set an Asian record of 3:32.49 seconds.
Competitors
Results by event
Athletics
Men Track And Field events
Women Track And Field events
References
An interview with Shiny Wilson
Nations at the 1984 Summer Olympics
1984 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/India%20at%20the%201984%20Summer%20Olympics |
Hucking is a small hamlet and civil parish in the Maidstone District of Kent, England. It is located north-east of Maidstone and south-west of Sittingbourne. The parish is governed by a parish meeting.
The settlement sits atop the North Downs in a designated Area of Outstanding Natural Beauty (AONB) near the villages of Hollingbourne, Detling, Bicknor (where the population is included for census purposes) and Wormshill and between the main A249 and B2163 roads connecting the towns of Sittingbourne and Maidstone. The parish church is dedicated to St Margaret.
History
Hucking was historically part of the Hundred of Eyhorne. It has always been sparsely populated and isolated, with the parish forming part of the manor of Hollingbourne. The name may derive from Houkynnge, although in the middle ages it was also known as Rumpsted after the family which owned the land.
The church of St Margaret is early Norman in origin and dates to around 1100 AD. It has a small, square wooden belfry in place of a tower and retains some medieval stonework. It was restored in around 1878 and many of its features date from the 19th century. The church was designated as a Grade II listed building in 1968. Two carved headstones in the graveyard are also listed at the same grade.
The local pub, the Hook & Hatchet, was a traditional Kentish pub and, according to website of brewers and operators Shepherd Neame, had been run as such for around 100 years after a local family applied for a "beer and cider" only licence in the late 19th century. The pub was put up for sale by the brewery in early 2015 and closed. An attempt to buy the pub, designated as an asset of community value, was made. A possibly earlier building of the same name was in use as a pub from at least the first half of the 19th Century. The building is listed in the 1841 Census, with Elizabeth Sherwood as publican. The pub re-opened in June 2016.
A Parcelforce van allegedly used in the Securitas depot robbery was recovered from the car park of the Hook & Hatchet on 23 February 2006. Metal cages and packaging material, that may have been used to transport the money, were recovered in a field in nearby Detling on 24 February 2006
Geography and land use
The North Downs Way, a long-distance footpath that passes along the ridge of the North Downs, runs close to the village and parallel to the better-known Pilgrims' Way route. An area of around of ancient woodland is owned and managed by the Woodland Trust. This land was purchased by the trust in 1997 in order to preserve woodland, hedgerow and chalk grassland habitats and landscapes. A car park and a series of walks and bridleways are provided at the site.
A small radio transmitting station previously used by the military as part of the NATO ACE High relay communications system and more recently by mobile telephone companies is situated on farmland to the west of Hucking () on account of its clear, unobstructed position high on the North Downs. The facility now lies un-manned. However, despite the existence of mobile telephone technology at the transmitting station site, cellular network signal quality in the village remains poor.
Racehorse trainer John Best trains his horses from Scragged Oak Farm in Hucking. His Hucking Horses syndicate is named for the village.
References
Civil parishes in Kent
Hamlets in Kent | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hucking |
The Honkbal Hoofdklasse (Dutch for Major League Baseball) is the highest level of professional baseball in the Netherlands. It is an eight-team league that plays a 42-game schedule and is overseen by the Royal Netherlands Baseball and Softball Federation (KNBSB).
Games are played principally on weekends. The season runs from April to September and is followed by the playoffs among the four best teams, which culminates in the Holland Series. Both of the playoff rounds are best-of-five. The league follows a promotion and relegation system with the Eerste klasse so that the composition of both levels changes from year to year. Many of the official team nicknames contain the name of the club's corporate sponsor.
The two best teams participate in the European Cup.
History
The Honkbal Hoofdklasse has been the highest level of competitive baseball in the Netherlands since 1958, when it was elevated over the former Eerste Klasse by the Koninklijke Nederlandse Honkbal Bond, the forerunner of the KNBSB. The Eerste Klasse served as the top baseball competition in the Netherlands from its establishment in 1922 until 1957, excluding 1945 when play was suspended due to World War II. The Hoofdklasse has been organized by the KNBSB since 1971.
Until 1986 the winner of the season was also crowned the national champion, with the exception of 1972 and 1973, when a best-of-five Holland Series was held between the top two teams to determine the champion. Since 1987 the Holland Series has been held annually at the end of the season to determine the national champion. The series is currently held in a best-of-seven format.
In 2021 the Eerste Klasse was reinstated as the second level of Dutch professional baseball and the league to which teams from the Hoofdklasse are relegated at the end of the season. This was also the case from 1958 to 1986 and 2001 to 2009. In the intervening periods, from 1987 to 2000 and 2010 to 2020, the Overgangsklasse operated as the secondary professional baseball league in the Netherlands.
Following the 2021 Season the KNBSB decided to end relegation and promotion and operate the Hoofdklasse with fixed teams. The reform is part of broader efforts to improve the league's quality of play and national visibility. The tournament was also expanded to 9 teams for the 2022 season. The Silicon Storks, who were slated to be relegated, will remain in the Hoofdklasse alongside the RCH Pinguins, who had earned a promotion to the top league.
Results
Current clubs
See also
Honkbal Rookie League
Baseball in the Netherlands
Baseball awards#Netherlands
Baseball awards#Europe
References
External links
de Nederlandse honkbalsite (Dutch)
KNBSB (Royal Netherlands Baseball and Softball Federation) (Dutch)
Connor, Joe. Welcome to the Netherlands. ESPN (MLB), January 17, 2006. Retrieved 2009-12-16.
Remington, Alex. Honkbal! Netherlands Bids to Host MLB in 2014. FanGraphs. September 1, 2011. Retrieved 2011-09-03.
2008 Netherlands Baseball All-Star Team and MVP (fan vote at "de Nederlandse honkbalsite"). November 10, 2008. Mister Baseball: All about Baseball & Softball in Europe
Baseball competitions in the Netherlands
Baseball leagues in Europe
Sports leagues established in 1922
1922 establishments in the Netherlands
Professional sports leagues in the Netherlands | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Honkbal%20Hoofdklasse |
Elisabetta Perrone (born 9 July 1968) is a former race walker from Italy who won eighteen medals, eight of these at senior level, at the International athletics competitions.
Biography
Elisabetta Perrone won six medals, at individual level, at the International athletics competitions. She participated at four editions of the Summer Olympics (1992, 1996, 2000, 2004), she has 39 caps in sixteen years in national team from 1981 to 2004.
National records
20 km race walk: 1:27:09 ( Dudince, 19 May 2001). Record held until 17 May 2015 (broken by Eleonora Giorgi with 1:26:17)
5000 m race walk: 20:12.24 ( Rieti, 2 August 2003). Record held until 18 May 2014 (broken by Eleonora Giorgi with 20.01.80)
Achievements
National titles
Perrone won 9 national championships at individual senior level.
Italian Athletics Championships
5000 m walk (track): 1994, 1996, 1997, 2003 (4)
10,000 m walk (track): 1994, 1995 (2)
20 km: 2001 (1)
Italian Athletics Indoor Championships
3000 m walk: 1998, 2003 (2)
See also
Italy at the European Race Walking Cup - Multiple medalists
Italian all-time lists - 20 km walk
References
External links
1968 births
Living people
Italian female racewalkers
Athletes (track and field) at the 1992 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Olympic athletes for Italy
Sportspeople from the Province of Biella
Olympic silver medalists for Italy
Athletics competitors of Gruppo Sportivo Forestale
World Athletics Championships medalists
Sportspeople from Vercelli
World Athletics Championships athletes for Italy
Medalists at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Olympic silver medalists in athletics (track and field)
Mediterranean Games gold medalists for Italy
Mediterranean Games silver medalists for Italy
Mediterranean Games medalists in athletics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1997 Mediterranean Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 2001 Mediterranean Games | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisabetta%20Perrone |
Hexamethylene diisocyanate (HDI) is the organic compound with the formula (CH2)6(NCO)2. It is classified as an diisocyanate. It is a colorless liquid. It has sometimes been called HMDI but this not usually done to avoid confusion with Hydrogenated MDI.
Synthesis
Compared to other commercial diisocyanates, HDI is produced in relatively small quantities, accounting for (with isophorone diisocyanate) only 3.4% of the global diisocyanate market in the year 2000. It is produced by phosgenation of hexamethylene diamine.
Applications
Aliphatic diisocyanates are used in specialty applications, such as enamel coatings which are resistant to abrasion and degradation by ultraviolet light. These properties are particularly desirable in, for instance, the exterior paint applied to aircraft and vessels. HDI is also sold oligomerized as the trimer or biuret which are used in automotive refinish coatings. Although more viscous in these forms, it reduces the volatility and toxicity. At least 3 companies sell material in this form commercially. It is also used as an activator in process of in situ polymerization of caprolactam i.e. cast nylon process. HDI is also used bisoxazolidine synthesis as the hydroxyl group on the molecule allows for further reaction with hexamethylene diisocyanate.
Toxicity
HDI is considered toxic, and its pulmonary toxicity has been studied as well as its oligomers.
See also
Isophorone diisocyanate
Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate
Toluene diisocyanate
References
External links
NIOSH Safety and Health Topic: Isocyanates, from the website of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards - Hexamethylene diisocyanate
Isocyanates | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hexamethylene%20diisocyanate |
Boulby is a hamlet in the Loftus parish, located within the North York Moors National Park. It is in the borough of Redcar and Cleveland, North Yorkshire, England. The hamlet is located off the A174, near Easington and west of Staithes.
It was in the North Riding of Yorkshire until 1974, followed by the county of Cleveland until 1996. The village formerly had alum mining activity and is currently the site of Boulby mine, a site by Cleveland Potash Limited which produces half of the UK's potash output.
Etymology and history
Etymology
Boulby is an old Scandinavian place name meaning "Bolli's Farm", constructed from the male personal name Bolli + -by, an Old Scandinavian element meaning "farmstead, village or settlement". Examples of Bolli from the 10th century are the Norse Bolli Thorleiksson and his son Bolli Bollason from the Icelandic Sagas, although neither were recorded as coming to England.
The large number of villages and farmsteads containing a personal name and -by are believed to have been settled by Scandinavian conquerors breaking up the English church and secular estates from the late 9th century. There are high density pockets in parts of Yorkshire corresponding to the Norse Kingdom of Jorvik and the subsequent Anglo-Danish Earldom of Northumbria from 954.
History
In the Domesday Book of 1086, Boulby is given as Bolebi or Bollebi, and appears within the soke of Loftus, held in the William the Conqueror’s time by High d'Avranches, Earl of Chester. It states "In Bolebi, Chiluert had 1 carucate of land, sufficient for 1 plough, valued at 8 shillings." Chiluert held the manor before the conquest. Some time afterwards Boulby, along with Easington, passed to the de Brus family, Lords of Skelton.
The estate of Easington and Boulby came to a branch of the family of Conyers by the mid-15th century, who for several generations, were seated at mansion at Boulby. By the early 19th century the mansion was converted into a farm house, which over the door on a square stone bore the arms of the Conyers. The family were sole proprietors until about 1664, when Nicholas Conyers passed the estate to the sons of his second wife, who all died without male heirs. Nicholas Conyers kept possession of the alum works at Boulby, which was founded in 1615. By 1890 Boulby was described as a "straggling and ruinous village".
In March 2021, archaeologists announced the discovery of an almost 6,000 year-old salt-making complex at a Neolithic site near the Boulby Cliffs. Researchers revealed three salt-making kilns and fragments of dozens of ceramic bowls used in the process. According to Dr Stephen Sherlock, this discovery plays an important role in understanding aspects of the Neolithic agricultural economy. As there is no local source of rock salt, it is probable that the salt was produced by evaporation or sea water.
Cliffs, quarries and mines
Just north of the village are some of the highest cliffs in England, at above sea level. Boulby Cliff was mined for alum and in A Picturesque History of Yorkshire (1901) the face of the headland is described as being "dotted" with alum-works and miners cottages. This mineral was used as a mordant to improve the strength and permanency of colour when dyeing cloth. This mining was relatively short lived as a cheaper method was developed soon after the boom in alum mining. The ruined remnants of the mines can still be seen from the cliff top when walking the Cleveland Way between Staithes and Skinningrove. To the north-west of the village is Boulby Quarries a Site of Special Scientific Interest designated due to its geological interest.
Boulby is also home to Cleveland Potash at Boulby mine - Europe's second-deepest mine, where potash and rock salt is mined underground. The mine is also the site of the Boulby Underground Laboratory.
Boulby used to be served by the Whitby Redcar and Middlesbrough Union Railway (WRMU) which ran along the coastline to Whitby Town station where it met the Scarborough & Whitby Railway. However the WRMU was closed in 1958. Today the railway line from Saltburn has been reopened for goods as far as the mine, and is used for the transportation of potash and rock salt.
References
External links
Places in the Tees Valley
Villages in North Yorkshire
Populated coastal places in Redcar and Cleveland
Loftus, North Yorkshire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boulby |
Isophorone diisocyanate (IPDI) is an organic compound in the class known as isocyanates. More specifically, it is an aliphatic diisocyanate. It is produced in relatively small quantities, accounting for (with hexamethylene diisocyanate) only 3.4% of the global diisocyanate market in the year 2000. Aliphatic diisocyanates are used, not in the production of polyurethane foam, but in special applications, such as enamel coatings which are resistant to abrasion and degradation from ultraviolet light. These properties are particularly desirable in, for instance, the exterior paint applied to aircraft.
Synthesis
IPDI is obtained by phosgenation of isophorone diamine:
Chemistry
IPDI exists in two stereoisomers, cis and trans. Their reactivities are similar. Each stereoisomer is an unsymmetrical molecule, and thus has isocyanate groups with different reactivities. The primary isocyanate group is more reactive than the secondary isocyanate group.
See also
Hexamethylene diisocyanate
Methylene diphenyl diisocyanate
Tetramethylxylene diisocyanate
Toluene diisocyanate
References
External links
NIOSH Safety and Health Topic: Isocyanates, from the website of the National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health (NIOSH)
Isophorone diisocyanate - NIOSH Pocket Guide to Chemical Hazards
Isocyanates | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Isophorone%20diisocyanate |
For the nature reserve, click here.
Dana () is a village near the city of Tafilah, in the Feynan area in central-western Jordan (Tafilah Governorate). It is situated on the edge of Wadi Dana, a large natural canyon, and has views over Wadi Araba. It is host to Dana Biosphere Reserve, one of Jordan's premiere nature reserves with ecotourism facilities.
The modern village of Dana has been occupied for approximately 500 years. According to some sources, the village was built by Bedouins from Hebron, Palestine, who settled the area during the Ottoman period and were members of a tribe called Al 'Ata'ata. The perhaps 6,000 years of prior human occupation at the site included Paleolithic, Edomite, Assyrian, Egyptian, Nabataean, and Roman cultures, taking advantage of its easily-defensible topographical position, fertile soil, and water. Supposedly it preserves many aspects of Jordanian villages of the 19th century.
The Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature (RSCN) initiated a project to protect the nature surrounding the village and promote sustainable development and tourism ("revitalization"). Many of the families from Dana turn to the nearby village of Qadisiyya for access to more modern amenities.
Dana is home to several hotels, including the RSCN Guest House and the Dana Hotel operated by Dana and Qadisiyah Local Community Cooperative.
Gallery
Climate
See more
Archival photographs of Dana from throughout the 20th century via the American Center of Research Photo Archive:
https://acor.digitalrelab.com/index.php?s=filter=place_name:Dana%20(Jordan)
An overview of the Dana Biosphere Reserve via Wild Jordan, an initiative of the Royal Society for the Conservation of Nature:
https://www.wildjordan.com/destinations/dana-biosphere-reserve
References
Populated places in Tafilah Governorate | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dana%2C%20Jordan |
WFHN (107.1 FM), better known as Fun 107, is a contemporary hit radio station that serves the New Bedford-Fall River, Massachusetts, market along with (to a lesser extent) the Providence, Rhode Island, market. The station is licensed to Fairhaven, Massachusetts, and is owned by Townsquare Media. The studio is located in Fairhaven, Massachusetts, shared with WBSM. The transmitter is located in New Bedford, Massachusetts, on Pope's Island on a tower shared with W243BG. The station was originally built by broadcast engineer Randy Place in 1988–1989.
The call sign is drawn from the city of license, Fairhaven (FHN) and can also represent the word "FUN", the station's moniker.
References
External links
Official Website
Contemporary hit radio stations in the United States
FHN
Radio stations established in 1989
Fairhaven, Massachusetts
Mass media in Bristol County, Massachusetts
Townsquare Media radio stations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WFHN |
, also known by his stage names Violent Onsen Geisha and Hair Stylistics, is a Japanese musician, writer and actor. He was described by Allmusic as "one of those musical entities that defy categorization." He co-starred in Shinji Aoyama's 2005 film My God, My God, Why Hast Thou Forsaken Me? with Tadanobu Asano.
Discography
Violent Onsen Geisha
Excrete Music (1991)
Otis (1993)
Que Sera, Sera (1995)
Black Lovers: Early Lost Tapes 1988 (1995)
The Midnight Gambler (1996)
Nation of Rhythm Slaves (1996)
Teenage Pet Sounds (1996)
Hair Stylistics
1996–1999 (2001)
Custom Cock Confused Death (2004)
AM 5:00+ (2007)
Expanded Pussies (2009)
Live! (2009)
Live: Album (2010)
Guest appearances
Jim O'Rourke – "After the Fox" from All Kinds of People: Love Burt Bacharach (2010)
Remixes
Cornelius – "Volunteer Ape Man (Disco)" from 96/69 (1996)
Hanayo – "Makka na Shizuku" from Sayonalala (1996)
Microstoria – "Endless Summer NAMM" from Reprovisers (1997)
Bibliography
Mari & Fifi's Massacre Songbook (2001)
Bouquets of Flowers Everywhere (2001)
Naughty Manifesto of the Futurist Kids (2004)
The Nameless Orphans' Grave (2006)
KKK Bestseller (2006)
Less than IQ84! (2010)
Filmography
My God, My God, Why Hast Thou Forsaken Me? (2005)
References
External links
J'Lit | Authors : Masaya Nakahara | Books from Japan
1970 births
Living people
Japanese male actors
Japanese writers
Musicians from Tokyo
Yukio Mishima Prize winners | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masaya%20Nakahara |
Mr. Green may refer to:
Mr. Green (Clue), is the character in the game of Cluedo/Clue
Mr. Green Jeans, Hugh Brannum's role on the children's television show Captain Kangaroo
Mr. Green (record producer), an American Disc jockey and hip hop record producer
Mr Green (company), an online gambling company
Mr. Green Tea Ice Cream Company, a food production company based in Brooklyn, New York City
SoBe Mr. Green, a former brand of carbonated soda drink
See also
Green (surname) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mr.%20Green |
The 1975 Chadian coup d'état was in considerable part generated by the growing distrust of the president of Chad, François Tombalbaye, for the army. This distrust came in part from the Chadian Armed Forces (FAT) incapacity to deal with the rebellion that was inflaming the Muslim north from when the rebel insurgent group FROLINAT had been formed in 1966.
Arrests
Chad's former colonial power, France, had urged Tombalbaye to involve the military leadership in power, and the President did reserve a place in his party, the Chadian Progressive Party (PPT), for the army commander; but much more important and decisive in undermining his support among the military was, in 1973, to be the arrest of the Army Chief of Staff, General Félix Malloum, for an alleged coup plot (the so-called Black Sheep Plot). Also the Generals Jacques Doumro and Negue Djogo, and other officers, were arrested between 1971 and 1975 on similar charges, the latter on March 23, 1975.
It was in this atmosphere of tension that Tombalbaye proceeded to yet another purge in the army, hitting this time the gendarmerie, the twelve hundred strong military police; its head, Colonel Djimet, and his aide, Major Kotiga, were both arrested on April 2, 1975, for the escape of some FROLINAT prisoners. This was to prove a fatal error.
Army mutiny
The coup started before sunrise on April 13 when in Boraho, a locality 35 miles (56 km) from the capital, army units led by Lieutenant Dimtolaum left their base and moved towards N'Djamena, where they converged on the president's white-walled palace on the edge of the city. At 5:00 a furious and bloody battle started with Tombalbaye's presidential guard, the Compagnies Tchadiennes de Securité (CTS). Decisive in deciding the outcome of the battle was the arrival of the interim commander of the FAT, Noël Milarew Odingar, who brought reinforcements and assumed command of the insurgents.
Other sources name Colonel (later General) Kamougué as the leader of the coup.
At 8:30 Colonel Selebiani, head of the CTS, issued an appeal on the radio for his men to surrender; this put an end to all fighting. In the battle Tombalbaye had been fatally wounded, and died shortly after. When the news of Tombalbaye's death was given, there were mass celebrations in the capital, with thousands of Chadians pouring in the streets while dancing and joyfully chanting "Tombalbaye is dead".
Consequences
Already at 6:30 Odingar announced on the public radio that the armed forces had "exercised their responsibilities before God and the nation". In a later communique the coupists were to justify their actions, accusing Tombalbaye of having governed by dividing the tribes, and of having humiliated the army and treated it with contempt.
General Odingar acted provisionally as head of state and the jailed officers were immediately freed. Among these was General Félix Malloum, who was chosen to be chairman of a nine-man military junta, named the Supreme Military Council (Conseil Supérieur Militaire or CSM), that took office on April 15. It immediately arrested eight of Tombalbaye's top aides and suspended the 1962 constitution, while all parties were banned and the National Assembly was dissolved.
The success of the coup did not produce a major break with Tombalbaye's policies. This was not surprising because, like Tombalbaye, both Odingar and Malloum were Sara from the south of Chad. While the CSM did make some moves to conciliate the north of the country, the Muslims continued to feel themselves second-class citizens and the FROLINAT rebellion continued.
References
External links
"Conflict In Chad, 1975 To Present: A Central African Tragedy" (CSC 1984)
Country Studies - Tombalbaye Era, 1960-75
"Death of a Dictator", Time (April 28, 1975). Accessed on September 3, 2007.
See also
2006 Chadian coup d'état attempt
Military coups in Chad
Conflicts in 1975
Chad
Political history of Chad
François Tombalbaye
1975 in Chad
Military history of Chad
April 1975 events in Africa | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1975%20Chadian%20coup%20d%27%C3%A9tat |
Easington is a village in the Loftus civil parish and is part of the North York Moors National Park. It is in the borough of Redcar and Cleveland, North Yorkshire, England. The village is situated on the A174 road, east of Loftus, east of Guisborough, and north-west of Whitby.
History
The village is mentioned in the Domesday Book as belonging to Earl Hugh of Chester and having 34 ploughlands. The village name derives from the Old English Esa-ingtūn; literally the farm or settlement of Esa's people. Historically, the name has been spelled as Esingeton and Esington.
Historically part of the North Riding of Yorkshire, the village was transferred to the new county of Cleveland in 1974. Cleveland was returned to North Yorkshire in 1996. The village is in the unitary authority of Redcar and Cleveland. Originally, the estate of Easington and Boulby had its manorhouse at the eastern end of the village. In 1799, a new estate was purchased to the south, and a new manorhouse, in what is now Grinkle Park, was built in 1802. The old manorhouse had a moat built somewhere between 1250 and 1350. The site is now part of a working farm, but it remains a scheduled ancient monument.
All Saints Church, a Grade II listed building, was built in 1888–89 by C. Hodgson Fowler in Decorated style, largely with bequests from the Palmer family of Grinkle Park, and incorporated fragments and remains of the previous church. The side chapel and several of the furnishings are by 'Mousey' Thompson of Kilburn.
The public house, the Tiger Inn, was previously a building of the same name at the opposite end of the village.
A railway station on the Whitby, Redcar, and Middlesbrough Union Railway opened in 1883 as Easington. Its name was changed to Grinkle after the local house and seat of the Palmer Baronets of Grinkle Park in 1904. The renaming avoided confusion with the station at Easington, County Durham, also on the North Eastern Railway. The station closed on the eve of the Second World War and never reopened although the line remains a freight-only railway to Boulby Mine.
At the 2011 census, the village had a population of 923. The village will be on the route that cyclists will race through on the 1st stage of the 2020 Tour de Yorkshire. The stage will start in Beverley, making its way up the Yorkshire Coast before finishing in Redcar.
Palmer Baronets
The Palmer Baronets, of Grinkle Park in the County of York and of Newcastle upon Tyne, were created in the Baronetage of the United Kingdom on 31 July 1886 for Charles Palmer, a coal and shipping magnate and Liberal politician.
References
External links
Places in the Tees Valley
Villages in North Yorkshire
Loftus, North Yorkshire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Easington%2C%20North%20Yorkshire |
George Eglinton Alston Dix (4 October 1901 – 12 May 1952), known as Gregory Dix, was a British monk and priest of Nashdom Abbey, an Anglican Benedictine community. He was a noted liturgical scholar whose work had particular influence on the reform of Anglican liturgy in the mid-20th century.
Life
Dix was born on 4 October 1901 in Woolwich, south London. He was the son of Mary Jane Dix, a Methodist, and George Henry Dix, a schoolmaster and Anglo-Catholic priest who served as the first principal of the College of St Mark and St John, Chelsea. He was educated at Westminster School and became an exhibitioner at Merton College, Oxford. His modest degree did not reflect his real ability and from 1924 he was appointed lecturer in modern history at Keble College, Oxford, while studying at Wells Theological College. He was made deacon on 5 October 1924 and was ordained priest on 4 October 1925. He entered Nashdom the following year and was sent to the Gold Coast as a novice until his health broke down in 1929.
Returning to Nashdom he became an intern oblate and took his final vows only in 1940. During the Second World War he lived for a while in Beaconsfield, Buckinghamshire, and looked after the Anglo-Catholic daughter church of St Michael whilst his brother Ronald, who was the priest there, served as a military chaplain. With another monk he lived in the parsonage, kept the round of monastic offices and cared for the parish. On his return to Nashdom he was succeeded in Beaconsfield by Augustine Morris, who was to become Abbot of Nashdom in 1948. Dix was elected to the Convocation in 1945 and prior of his abbey in 1948.
Scholarly work
As a scholar, Dix worked primarily in the field of liturgical studies. He produced an edition of the Apostolic Tradition in 1935. In The Shape of the Liturgy, first published in 1945, he argued that it was not so much the words of the liturgy but its "shape" which mattered. His study of the liturgy's historical development led him to formulate what is called the four-action shape of the liturgy: offertory, prayer, fraction, communion. Dix's work then influenced liturgical revision in the Anglican Communion. More recent scholars, however, have criticised it as lacking historical accuracy. Dix's conclusion that "Cranmer in his eucharistic doctrine was a devout and theologically founded Zwinglian, and that his Prayer Books were exactly framed to express his convictions" also proved controversial.
In particular, Dix's claims for the "shape" of the liturgy, which laid emphasis on the significance of the offertory, have been argued to rest on weak evidence historically. On the other hand, Dix's thesis was defended by members of the English Parish Communion movement, such as Gabriel Hebert and Donald Gray, who saw the offertory as representing the bringing of the world into the eucharistic action. This is also the traditional Eastern Orthodox perspective on the offertory.
Ecclesiastical politics
Dix was an Anglican Papalist, who sought reunion with the Holy See and was against any developments which might make such a union impossible. He therefore campaigned against the projected church union in South India, which he saw as a possible model for similar schemes in England, and which in his view equated Anglican and free church ordinations. "If these proposals were to be put into practice, the whole ground for believing in the Church of England which I have outlined would have ceased to exist." A by-product of his campaign was the book of essays entitled The Apostolic Ministry, published in 1946 and edited by Kenneth Kirk with a contribution by Dix.
In 1944 Dix defended Anglican orders against Roman Catholic critics. Believing that "Unless we are 'Catholics' inasmuch and because we are 'Anglicans', then we are not being 'Catholics'", he stated that "For three centuries the C. of E. taught the essentials of the Catholic Faith and ministered the essential Catholic Sacraments to the ordinary English people, when no one else could, or would have been allowed by the state to do. That is her title to exist, and I think a man could and should love her for that, even if he felt that he must leave her now." In explaining his oft-repeated description of the Anglican episcopate as Edwardian, he commented "Strictly Edward VI in theology; strictly Edward VII in mental equipment and strictly Edward VIII in their views on marriage."
Death
Dix died of intestinal cancer on 12 May 1952 at Grovefield House (near Nashdom). He was described by Kenneth Kirk, Bishop of Oxford, as "my closest and oldest friend, and the most brilliant man in the Church of England". He was buried at Nashdom Abbey.
Gregory Dix is remembered in the Church of England with a commemoration on 12 May.
References
Citations
Works cited
Further reading
External links
Bibliographic directory from Project Canterbury
1902 births
1952 deaths
20th-century English Anglican priests
Alumni of Merton College, Oxford
Anglican liturgists
Anglican monks
Anglo-Catholic clergy
Anglo-Catholic theologians
English Anglican theologians
English Anglo-Catholics
English Christian monks
People educated at Westminster School, London
People from Woolwich
Anglican saints | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gregory%20Dix |
Saint John the Evangelist's Catholic Church may refer to:
Church of St John the Evangelist, Liège, Belgium
San Giovanni Evangelista, Ravenna, Italy
St. John the Evangelist Catholic Church (Frederick, Maryland), U.S.
St. John the Evangelist Catholic Church (Silver Spring, Maryland), U.S.
St. John the Evangelist Catholic Church (Philadelphia, Pennsylvania), U.S.
See also
St. John the Baptist Church (disambiguation)
St. John's Cathedral (disambiguation)
St. John's Church (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saint%20John%20the%20Evangelist%20Catholic%20Church |
Skinningrove is a village in Redcar and Cleveland, North Yorkshire, England.
Its name is of Old Norse etymology and is thought to mean skinners' grove or pit.
History
The village had an agricultural and fishing economy until the opening of local ironstone workings in 1848 initiated an industrialisation boom.
A railway was built by 1865, and iron smelting began in 1874.
A jetty on the coast built in 1880 allowed seagoing vessels to carry heavy cargoes from the area. Mining continued until 1958 and primary iron production until the 1970s.
Oarfish
On 17 February 2003, a rarely seen oarfish was caught by angler Val Fletcher, using a fishing rod baited with squid.
The fish was 11 ft 4 in (3.3 m) long and weighed 140 lb (63.5 kg). Graham Hill, the science officer at the Deep, an aquarium in Hull, said that he had never heard of another oarfish being caught off the coast of Britain.
The Natural History Museum in London said that it would have been interested in preserving the fish in its permanent collection; however the fish had been 'cut up into steaks' before any scientists could examine it.
Landmarks
The Land of Iron (formerly the Cleveland Ironstone Mining Museum and the Tom Leonard Mining Museum) describes the village's mining heritage, providing a unique underground experience and an insight into how 6.2 million tons of ironstone was extracted from Skinningrove.
The village has a large natural sand beach used for recreational fishing and a beck, which occasionally floods, notably in 2000.
It also has the Riverside Building Community Centre which is on the site of a former school.
There is a Methodist chapel which has services on a Sunday at 18:00. There is also a cafe, a community centre and general dealers and post office.
The Cleveland Way National Trail passes through the village.
Culture and events
Every year Skinningrove hosts a bonfire and fireworks display which attracts hundreds of people from around North Yorkshire. Each year the bonfire is based on a different theme.
The Cleveland Way runs through the village.
Photographer Chris Killip created an unpublished photo series about the town's residents in the early 1980s, about which the American filmmaker Michael Almereyda produced a short film. The film won Best Non-Fiction Short at the 2012 Sundance Film Festival.
See also
Skinningrove railway station
References
External links
Cleveland Ironstone Mining Museum
Skinningrove Bonfire
.
Villages in North Yorkshire
Places in the Tees Valley
Populated coastal places in Redcar and Cleveland
Loftus, North Yorkshire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Skinningrove |
Madeline: Lost in Paris is a 1999 American direct-to-video animated musical adventure comedy-drama film produced by DIC Entertainment, L.P. It was released on August 3, 1999, to VHS by Buena Vista Home Video under the Walt Disney Home Video imprint. In 2009, the film was released on iTunes for the film's 10th anniversary.
Plot
During winter, the twelve girls are preparing to walk outside as always: at half-past nine in two straight lines. Before they head out on their daily outing, they soon find out that their instructor Miss Clavel (Stevie Vallance) is sick with a bad fever. Dr. Cohn tells her to stay in bed until she fully recovers, and then tells the girls to give her warmth and love while she recovers. Suddenly, the girls are interrupted by Pepito (Michael Heyward) who was playing his violin next door; he promises Madeline (Andrea Libman) that he'll stop playing until Miss Clavel feels better again. That night while getting ready for bed, the children lament Miss Clavel's sickness. They reminisce about the good times that they've had with each of their families as well as their own periods of illness. Madeline also tells her friends about the good times that she's had with her own family. She shows them a special gold necklace with animal printings that her mother had given her; unfortunately, since both of her parents died many years ago, she has no other family members to return to. Saddened by Madeline's story, the girls express their condolences and reunite in an outpouring of grief, but they are soon comforted by Miss Clavel, awoken by the commotion. She comforts the girls by reminding them that they all love and look out for each other, and that they are all are just as much a family as anybody else.
Sometime later, Madeline receives a mysterious letter in the mail from her long-lost Uncle Horst (Jason Alexander) from Vienna, Austria, who is planning on a visit. He arrives at the school later that week where is invited for a gala; attendees include the girls, Lord Cucuface (French Tickner), and Pepito's family. Uncle Horst then announces that he has been designated Madeline's new legal guardian and shows the court papers to Miss Clavel. Horst plans on taking her to his hometown, Vienna, to attend a fine finishing school and obtain a master's degree. He plans on leaving the following day via the Orient Express. Madeline, Pepito, and her classmates react with shock, elation, and sorrow. The children put on a musical to display their talents to Uncle Horst; however, this does not impress him enough, and he decides to take Madeline with him the next day.
When Uncle Horst leaves with his niece the next morning, he takes Madeline on the Paris Métro instead of the Orient Express. Their destination is a distant and unfamiliar slum that's ravaged with poverty and crime. Presuming that she is being kidnapped for trafficking purposes, Madeline throws beads of her mother's treasured necklace to make a trail to where she is taken to; however, she keeps one of the beads with a lion on it as a memento. It is then revealed that Uncle Horst is not related to Madeline at all, but rather a failed actor named Henri who serves as a henchman for Madame LaCroque (Lauren Bacall), the head of a slavery mafia and the owner of a bobbin lace shop/factory. Henri takes Madeline to the lace shop's basement, which is full of kidnapped orphan girls who are slaves to make laces to sell. One of the girls, Fifi, befriends Madeline. It is then revealed that Madame LaCroque forged Madeline's court custody papers in order to steal her family inheritance while she is trapped in the factory.
Shortly after Madeline left, Miss Clavel, the girls, and Pepito tried to stop her and Horst so that Pepito could give her his Halloween parting gift: a shrunken head from Brazil. They arrive at the train station only to learn that the two had taken the Métro rather than the Orient Express. They also find Genevieve the dog abandoned at the station. Fearing the worst, Miss Clavel summons the police to find Madeline.
At the lace shop, the child workers endure enormous amounts of emotional and physical abuse at the hands of LaCroque; an example is when Fifi's whooping cough turns one of the laces yellow. As a punishment, LaCroque decides to have her make only black lace in the dark, which could potentially render her blind. Madeline defends Fifi and the other children in the process, but LaCroque retaliates and punishes Madeline for her backtalk by throwing her into a prison cell.
After breaking off a loose brick, Madeline tells the girls that they should escape from the factory. Fifi discourages this, explaining that she tried once but was caught in the process, and consequently LaCroque cut off her once-long hair to make lace, making her look like a boy. When Madeline asks how LaCroque's cruelty originated, Fifi explains through a flashback sequence that LaCroque was once a famous cabaret dancer who experienced a performance disaster by accidentally ripping her dress. Totally humiliated, she stopped performing altogether and sold all of her long blond hair to make lace. She and Henri then formed a slavery duo, gained legal custody of all of the orphan girls, and repossessed them for child labor.
Through following the trail of Madeline's necklace beads, Madeline's classmates along with Pepito, Genevieve, and the police, find their way to the factory. Back at the lace store, a customer tells LaCroque that she wants red lace, which gives her the idea to shave off Madeline's hair. LaCroque then orders Henri to sell off Madeline's belongings. As the girls attempt to flee through a high window, LaCroque ambushes them, cutting off a few locks of Madeline's hair in the process, and prepares to torture her and the other orphans by deciding to give all of them haircuts only to make laces.
Back at the factory, Pepito uses his shrunken skull head to knock off LaCroque's wig (revealing her bald head) and then frighten her to the ground. Meanwhile, Miss Clavel and the police search around the slum for Henri; he is finally detected walking through the streets, carrying Madeline's briefcase to be later sold. After pursuit, Henri agrees to lead them to the lace factory in exchange for reducing his prison sentence. Madeline and the lace shop slaves are able to knock down LaCroque and trap her in endless rolls of lace just as the eleven little girls and Pepito forge a path toward the factory and as the cops arrive with Henri and Miss Clavel. After a final negotiation with LaCroque, she pleads innocent and tells the law enforcement that Henri planned her apprehension. Henri, hearing this, makes one last attempt to escape, only to be kicked by LaCroque for treason, tripped by Pepito's spool trick, and tangled up by the girls. Finally, the law enforcement rewards Miss Clavel and the girls with a large fine of francs for the capture of both crime lords.
The eleven school girls return to Madeline her mother's beads. At odds with the jubilant mood, the factory girls have nowhere to go. Much later, Madeline (wearing her mother's repaired necklace as a symbol of solidarity), uses the reward money to open up an orphanage for those who were once LaCroque and Henri's subservient puppets. Fifi, (now healthy and with fully-grown hair thanks to Dr. Cohn), thanks Madeline for sacrificing all the money for her and her friends. Miss Clavel appreciates Madeline's selflessness, courage and empathy to end misery in the city and making it a safer place. Fifi and Madeline decide that as sister schools, they could visit sometime. As the girls from both orphanages learn that they are a whole family, all of Paris rejoices.
Production
In March 1999, the film was announced as the first project from DIC's new "video premieres" division.
DVD releases
Shout! Factory re-released the film with full frame on DVD on April 3, 2010. It was released in Australia in 2013 by Umbrella Entertainment.
Voice cast
Andrea Libman as Madeline
Christopher Plummer as The Narrator
Lauren Bacall as Madame LaCroque
Jason Alexander as Uncle Horst / Henri
Stephanie Louise Vallance as Miss Clavel, Genevieve
Michael Heyward as Pepito
Brittney Irvin as Chloe
Veronika Sztopa as Nicole
Additional voices include Alex Hood, Jennifer Copping, Tabitha St. Germain, Rochelle Greenwood, French Tickner, Michael Heyward, Garry Chalk, Dale Wilson, Jane Mortifee
Songs
"Family" - Madeline & 11 Little Girls
"We Can Sing! We Can Dance!" - Madeline, 11 Little Girls, Uncle Horst, Miss Clavel and Ensemble
"Oh, Dear! Oh, Dear!" - Miss Clavel, 11 Little Girls, Pepito, Madeline and Uncle Horst
"Where is the Hope That I Once Knew?" - Madeline & Laceshop Girls
"Together" - Madeline & Laceshop Girls
"Family (Reprise)" - Madeline, 11 Little Girls, Pepito & Laceshop Girls
Finale: "Oh, Dear! Oh, Dear!/We Can Sing! We Can Dance!/Family" - Full Company
Reception
William David Lee of DVD Town, criticized the special for its "not very memorable" songs and "simplistic and predictable" story. He did, however, recommend the film for young children audience.
References
External links
1999 direct-to-video films
American children's animated adventure films
American children's animated comedy films
American children's animated drama films
American children's animated musical films
American musical drama films
American direct-to-video films
Animated films about orphans
Animated films set in Paris
Children's comedy-drama films
Animated films about children
Films about child abduction in France
Animated films based on children's books
Madeline
DIC Entertainment films
Buena Vista Home Entertainment direct-to-video films
1990s English-language films
1990s American films
1990s French films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Madeline%3A%20Lost%20in%20Paris |
Carlin How is a village in the borough of Redcar and Cleveland and the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England.
Notable people
Alfred Myers, ironstone miner, one of the Richmond Sixteen
References
External links
Villages in North Yorkshire
Places in the Tees Valley
Loftus, North Yorkshire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Carlin%20How |
Khokhropar or Khokhrapar (; ) is a border town situated in Tharparkar District, Sindh, Pakistan. It is located at 25°41 North 70°12 East and has an altitude of .
Railway
Khokhrapar railway station was established in 1916. Before the independence of Pakistan in 1947, the Sind Mail was run between Hyderabad, Pakistan and Ahmedabad, India via Mirpur Khas, Khokhrapar, Munabao, Barmer, Luni, Jodhpur, Pali, Marwar and Palanpur. After the independence Khokhrapar was the last railway station in Pakistan on Hyderabad, Pakistan - Jodhpur, India railway line and used for customs and immigration.
The train service between Hyderabad, Pakistan and Jodhpur, India closed down after the 1965 war. The town, and the rest of the Nagarparkar salient were captured by India in the 1971 war, and returned to Pakistan in 1972.
In February 2006 Mirpur Khas - Munabao railway line reopened after the conversion of metre gauge railway track to broad gauge. Now Zero Point railway station is the last station in Pakistan on this railway line to customs and immigration.
References
Populated places in Sindh | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Khokhropar |
Kilton is a village in the borough of Redcar and Cleveland and the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England. It is part of the civil parish of Lockwood.
History
The village is recorded in the Domesday Book as Chiltune, which is possibly derived from a combination of Old Norse and Old English of "narrow-valley farm/settlement' or a Scandinavianised form of cilda-tun, 'children's farm/settlement." The village is to the west of Kilton Beck Valley, a narrow cut that carries the Kilton Beck to the sea at Skinningrove. The remains of Kilton Castle lie to the south east and the village is east of Guisborough and south of Brotton.
In the 13th century, Kilton Castle was the base of the rebel Will Wither.
References
Villages in North Yorkshire
Places in the Tees Valley
Redcar and Cleveland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilton%2C%20North%20Yorkshire |
Kilton Thorpe is a village in the borough of Redcar and Cleveland and the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England.
Noted for evidence of early settlement. The outlines of an ancient village are visible in fields adjacent to the present village.
The village is mentioned in the Domesday Book as belonging to Count Mortain. Like other lands in the surrounding area, it was owned by the same noble families as those who owned nearby Kilton Castle. It was only a small settlement across two manors until the arrival of the ironstone industry when 30 workers cottages were built.
Kilton Mine
Kilton Ironstone Mine was opened in just to the south of the village of Kilton Thorpe. The shafts of the mine were deep, and like the other mines in the area, it supplied ironstone to the furnaces on Teesside. A private railway was opened in 1873, becoming the property of the North Eastern Railway a year later.
On 12 August 1899, three miners died in a gas explosion, and on 3 May 1954, an explosion in the mine killed one worker, with 15 rescuers being hospitalised after the event due to the effects of inhaling gas. The mine was closed in January 1963.
A conical shale heap still exists at the site and has become a local landmark, although it has become dangerous through land slips and the owners have taken steps to prevent access by the general public.
References
External links
Villages in North Yorkshire
Places in the Tees Valley
Redcar and Cleveland
Ironstone Mines in North Yorkshire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kilton%20Thorpe |
Trevor Lionel Penney (born 12 June 1968 in Salisbury, Rhodesia) is a former Zimbabwean cricketer who played for Warwickshire County Cricket Club, noted particularly for his fielding. He was a substitute fielder for England during the 2005 Ashes series. He had a first class career average of 39.28 runs per innings. Penney later became an assistant coach of the West Indies cricket team.
Personal life
Penney went to Blakiston Junior School; the same primary school in Zimbabwe as England cricketer Graeme Hick.
Career
Playing career
A right-handed occasional medium-pace bowler and batsman, he was chiefly recognised for his fielding, being described by The Guardian as 'one of the best fielders to have graced the county game'. Penney played for Warwickshire in the match where Brian Lara scored a world record 501*. In 2003, Penney scored 52 runs from 28 balls in the first Twenty20 match in England.
Whilst still playing, he worked as a specialist fielding coach with the English cricket team, and was a substitute fielders used in the 2005 Ashes series, coming on for Simon Jones. On 22 September 2005 he announced his retirement from first class cricket.
Coaching career
Immediately after retiring as a player, Penney was appointed an assistant coach of Sri Lanka. Penney was later Sri Lankan head coach.
In May 2007, the WACA announced Penney's appointment as assistant coach of the Western Warriors under Tom Moody for the next three years. Penney has also worked as a coach for Indian Premier League teams Kings XI Punjab, Deccan Chargers and Kolkata Knight Riders, and has been assistant coach of Caribbean Premier League teams St Lucia Zouks, St Kitts & Nevis Patriots, and Barbados Tridents.
In 2015, he was appointed Sri Lankan fielding coach for the second time, and he has also worked as a coach for India, and the United States. Penney was later an assistant coach of the Netherlands, and in December 2019, Penney was appointed as an assistant coach of the West Indies cricket team. His role is focused on limited overs cricket. James Foster replaced Penney as Netherlands assistant coach.
In February 2021, he was appointed as the lead assistant coach of Rajasthan Royals ahead of the 14th season of IPL (2021). In April 2022, he was appointed as a head coach for Barbados Royals.
References
External links
1968 births
Living people
Zimbabwean people of British descent
White Rhodesian people
Cricketers from Harare
Zimbabwean cricketers
Boland cricketers
Warwickshire cricketers
Mashonaland cricketers
Mashonaland A cricketers
Zimbabwean cricket coaches
Alumni of Prince Edward School | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trevor%20Penney |
The Roman Baths (), situated northeast of the Charlottenhof Palace in the Sanssouci Park in Potsdam, reflect the Italiensehnsucht ("Sehnsucht/longing for Italy") of its creator Frederick William IV of Prussia. Various classical Roman and antique Italian styles were melded into an architectural ensemble, created between 1829 and 1840.
Design
While still crown prince, Frederick William commissioned both Charlottenhof (1826-1829) and the Roman Baths (1834-1840). Coming up with numerous ideas and drawing many actual drafts, the artistically inclined heir to the throne had considerable influence on the plans of the architect, Karl Friedrich Schinkel. Charged with managing the actual construction was one of Schinkel's students, Ludwig Persius.
Style
The gardener's house (Gärtnerhaus) (1829–30) and the adjacent house for the gardener's helpers (Gärtnergehilfenhaus) (1832) were both built in Italian country villa style (Landhausstil). The Roman Bath, which gave its name to the ensemble in its entirety, was styled after ancient villas. Together with a small tea pavilion (Teepavillon) (1830), modelled on temples of classical antiquity, they form a complex of buildings tied together by pergolas, arcades and garden spaces. The individual buildings were largely inspired by Schinkel's second trip to Italy in 1828.
Thus the Roman Bath, which has never actually been used as a bathing facility, came into being thanks purely to the romantic fantasy of the royal Italophile.
The names of the rooms connote a mixture of antique villas and Roman baths. The atrium, the courtyard of a Roman house, is the reception area. The Impluvium, actually only a glorified rainwater-collection device, gives its name to the whole room in which it is located. The Viridarium (greenhouse) is actually a small garden.
Additional names associated with Roman thermal baths are Apodyterium for the changing room and Caldarium.
Location
The whole nostalgic creation is on the bank of an artificial lake created during Peter Joseph Lenné's landscaping of the Charlottenhof grounds. The so-called machine pond (Maschinenteich) gets its name from a steam engine building and an adjacent pumping station torn down in 1923. The large hull of a well marks the location of the former building. The steam engine was not just responsible for keeping the artificial waters of Charlottenhof moving – its smokestacks were also a symbol of progress and what was at its time advanced technology.
Sources
Gert Streidt, Klaus Frahm: Potsdam. Die Schlösser und Gärten der Hohenzollern. Cologne: Könemann, 1996.
Schloss Charlottenhof und die Römischen Bäder. Amtlicher Führer. 7th rev. ed. Potsdam: Stiftung Preußische Schlösser und Gärten Berlin-Brandenburg, 1998.
Paul Sigel, Silke Dähmlow, Frank Seehausen and Lucas Elmenhorst: Architekturführer Potsdam - Architectural Guide. Berlin: Dietrich Reimer, 2006. .
External links
Roman Baths in Sanssouci Park - official site
1840 establishments in Prussia
Buildings and structures completed in 1840
Bathing
Buildings and structures in Potsdam
Prussian cultural sites
Sanssouci Park
Museums in Potsdam
Karl Friedrich Schinkel buildings
Frederick William IV of Prussia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roman%20Baths%20%28Potsdam%29 |
Umerkot (Urdu: ; Sindhi: عمرڪوٽ; IPA: [ʊmərkoːʈ], formerly known as Amarkot) is a city in the Sindh province of Pakistan.
The local language is Dhatki, one of the Rajasthani languages of the Indo-Aryan language family. It is most closely related to Marwari. Sindhi, Urdu and Punjabi are also understood by the citizens.
Etymology
The city is named after a local ruler of Sindh, Umer Soomro (of Soomra dynasty ) of the Umar Marvi story, which also appears in Shah Jo Risalo one of the popular tragic romances of Sindh. However, the myth of Umer Marvi is believed to have been made up to islamise the history of Amarkot, which was named after its original founder, Amar Singh.
History
Amarkot province was ruled by the Sodha Rajput clan during the medieval period. Rana Parshad, the Sodha Rajput ruler of Umarkot, gave refuge to Humayun, the second Mughal Emperor when he was ousted by Sher Shah Suri, and the following Mughal Emperor, Akbar, was born here. Later on, Akbar brought northwestern India, including modern Pakistan, under Mughal rule.
After the disintegration of the Mughal Empire, Amarkot was captured by several regional powers, including the Persians, Afghans, Kalhora and Talpur Balochis of Sindh, Rathore Rajputs of Jodhpur and finally by the British.
Amarkot was annexed by Jodhpur State in 1779 from the Kalhora nawab of Sindh Umerkot and its fort was traded to the British in 1843 by the Maharaja of Jodhpur in return for a Rs.10,000 reduction in the tribute imposed on Jodhpur State. The British appointed Syed Mohammad Ali governor of the province. In 1847, Rana Ratan Singh was hanged at the fort by the British, for killing Syed Mohammad Ali in a tax protest.
After the British conquered Sindh, they made it part of the Bombay Presidency of British India. In 1858, the entire area around Tharparkar became part of the Hyderabad District. In 1860 the region was renamed Eastern Sindh Frontier, with a headquarters at Amarkot. In 1882, it was reorganized as the Thar and Parkar district, headed by a British Deputy Commissioner, with a political superintendent at Amarkot. However, in 1906 the district headquarters moved from Amarkot to Mirpur Khas.
Rana Chandra Singh, a federal minister and the chieftain of the Hindu Sodha Thakur Rajput clan and the Amarkot Jagir, was one of the founding members of the Pakistan Peoples Party (PPP) and was elected to the National Assembly of Pakistan from Umarkot seven times as a PPP member between 1977 and 1999, when he founded the Pakistan Hindu Party (PHP). Currently, his politician son Rana Hamir Singh claims to be the 26th Rana of Tharparkar, Umarkot and Mithi.
Points of interest
The city is well connected with the other large cities like Karachi, the provincial capital and Hyderabad.
Umarkot has many sites of historical significance such as Akbar's birthplace, Umarkot, Umerkot Fort and Momal Ji Mari.
There is an ancient temple, Shiv Mandir, Umerkot, as well as a Kali Mata Temple, Krishna Mandir at old Amarkot and Manhar Mandir Kathwari Mandir at Rancho Line.
Education
The city has more than 100 schools, 20 colleges, and one polytechnic college.
Religion
The Umarkot Shiv Mandir is one of the most ancient and sacred Hindu temples in Sindh.
See also
Islamkot
Mithi
District Government of Umerkot
Akbar
Tharparkar
Umar Marvi
Gallery
Notes
References
External links
District government Umerkot official website (English version)
Hinduism in Sindh | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Umerkot |
Maurizio Damilano (born 6 April 1957) is an Italian former race walker. He won 15 individual medals (22 also with team events), at senior level, at the International athletics competitions.
Biography
He was the 1980 Olympic Champion and the 1987 and 1991 World Champion in the 20 km race walk. He has 60 caps in national team from 1977 to 1992.
Damilano is also the world record holder of the 30 km race walk with the time of 2:01:44.1, achieved in Cuneo in 1992. He is the twin brother of the former race walker Giorgio Damilano and of the coach Sandro Damilano.
In 1999, Maurizio Damilano and Giorgio Damilano founded Fit Walking.
Achievements
National titles
Maurizio Damilano has won the individual national championship 21 times.
6 wins in the 10,000 m walk (1979, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985)
1 win in the 15 km walk (1987)
10 wins in the 20 km walk (1978, 1980, 1981, 1982, 1983, 1984, 1985, 1986, 1988, 1992)
3 wins in the 50 km walk (1985, 1986, 1989)
1 win in the 3000 metres walk indoor (1984)
See also
Walk of Fame of Italian sport
Italy national athletics team – Multiple medalists
Italy national athletics team - More caps
Italian Athletics Championships - Multi winners
FIDAL Hall of Fame
Italian all-time lists - 20 km walk
Italian all-time lists - 50 km walk
Italy at the World Athletics Race Walking Team Championships
Fit Walking
Saluzzo Race Walking School
References
External links
Maurizio Damilano at All-Athletics
Euro Legends feature article from European Athletics
1957 births
Living people
Sportspeople from the Province of Cuneo
Italian male racewalkers
Italian athletics coaches
Olympic athletes for Italy
Olympic gold medalists for Italy
Olympic bronze medalists for Italy
Athletes (track and field) at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Athletes (track and field) at the 1992 Summer Olympics
World Athletics Championships athletes for Italy
World Athletics Championships medalists
European Athletics Championships medalists
Medalists at the 1988 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1984 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 1980 Summer Olympics
Olympic gold medalists in athletics (track and field)
Olympic bronze medalists in athletics (track and field)
Mediterranean Games gold medalists for Italy
Athletes (track and field) at the 1983 Mediterranean Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 1987 Mediterranean Games
Athletes (track and field) at the 1991 Mediterranean Games
World Athletics record holders
Universiade medalists in athletics (track and field)
Athletics competitors of Gruppo Sportivo Esercito
Mediterranean Games medalists in athletics
FISU World University Games gold medalists for Italy
Universiade silver medalists for Italy
World Athletics Indoor Championships medalists
World Athletics Championships winners
Medalists at the 1981 Summer Universiade
Medalists at the 1983 Summer Universiade
Italian Athletics Championships winners | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maurizio%20Damilano |
Andrejs Pumpurs ( on the left bank of the Daugava, in Lieljumprava civil parish, now Birzgale Parish – in Riga) was a poet who penned the Latvian epic Lāčplēsis (The Bear Slayer, first published in 1888) and a prominent figure in the Young Latvia movement. Working in the land before volunteering to fight in Serbia against the Ottoman Empire in 1876, he became a loyal officer in the Russian army and also a staunch promoter of the Latvian culture.
Biography
Growing up on both banks of the Daugava river, he was one of three children from the civil parish chosen by the Lutheran minister for the German class of the church school in Lielvārde. Unable to continue his education after completion of the three-year course, due to his family's poverty, but working as a raftsman and doing odd jobs with his father, Pumpurs was exposed to the Latvian oral tradition, especially strong in the region of his birth, and to the legends that would be at the forefront of his works. His first poems and early sketches for the epic were written in Piebalga, a rural center of Latvian education and cultural life, between 1867 and 1872.
After a brief period in Riga, he left for Moscow in 1876 and was introduced to the Slavophile Ivan Aksakov and the editor Mikhail Katkov by Fricis Brīvzemnieks (Treuland). Pumpurs became the third Latvian to volunteer to fight with the Serbs and their Russian allies against the Turks, his experiences in Serbia strongly influencing his already fervent nationalism. His military career took him to Sevastopol and he received an officer's education in Odessa. In 1882 he returned to the Governorate of Livonia in what became the Ust-Dvinsk Regiment, participating in secret meetings of the Narodnaya Volya movement. From 1895 he worked for the quartermaster in Dvinsk (now Daugavpils), traveling widely to supply the Russian army, until he died of rheumatism after a trip to China.
References
Vikors Hausmanis, ed.: Latviešu rakstniecība biogrāfijās. Rīga: LZA, 1992.
Anita Rožkalne, project manager: Latviešu rakstniecība biogrāfijās. Second revised and expanded edition. Rīga: Zinātne, 2003.
Teodors Zeiferts: Latviešu rakstniecības vēsture. Rīga: 1922—available at the Artificial Intelligence Laboratory of the University of Latvia website.
Arveds Švābe: Latvijas vēsture 1800–1914. Uppsala: Daugava, 1958.
Arveds Švābe, ed.: Latvju enciklopēdija. Stockholm: Trīs Zvaigznes, 1952–1953.
External links
The Andrejs Pumpurs Museum in Lielvārde
A translation of Lāčplēsis into English by Arthur Cropley
1841 births
1902 deaths
People from Ogre Municipality
People from Kreis Riga
19th-century Latvian poets
Male poets from the Russian Empire
Male writers from the Russian Empire
Russian male poets
19th-century Latvian people
19th-century writers from the Russian Empire
19th-century poets from the Russian Empire
19th-century male writers from the Russian Empire
Latvian male poets
Imperial Russian Army officers
Russian military personnel of the Russo-Turkish War (1877–1878)
Recipients of the Order of Saint Stanislaus (Russian) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrejs%20Pumpurs |
In many countries, the term principal investigator (PI) refers to the holder of an independent grant and the lead researcher for the grant project, usually in the sciences, such as a laboratory study or a clinical trial. The phrase is also often used as a synonym for "head of the laboratory" or "research group leader". While the expression is common in the sciences, it is used widely for the person or persons who make final decisions and supervise funding and expenditures on a given research project.
A co-investigator (Co-I) assists the principal investigator in the management and leadership of the research project. There may be a number of co-investigators supporting a PI.
Federal funding
In the context of United States federal funding from agencies such as the National Institutes of Health (NIH) or the National Science Foundation (NSF), the PI is the person who takes direct responsibility for completion of a funded project, directing the research and reporting directly to the funding agency. For small projects (which might involve 1–5 people) the PI is typically the person who conceived the investigation, but for larger projects the PI may be selected by a team to obtain the best strategic advantage for the project.
In the context of a clinical trial, a PI may be an academic working with grants from NIH or other funding agencies, or may be effectively a contractor for a pharmaceutical company working on testing the safety and efficacy of new medicines.
There were 20,458 PIs on NIH R01 grants in US biomedical research in 2000. In 2013, this number was 21,511. At the same time, the success rate for an applicant to receive an R01 grant went down from 32% in 2000 to 17% in 2013.
References
Sources
Casati, A. & Genet, C. (2014). "Principal Investigators as Scientific Entrepreneurs", Journal of Technology Transfer, 39 (1): 11–32
Clinical research
Science occupations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Principal%20investigator |
Thomas Leverton Donaldson (19 October 1795 – 1 August 1885) was a British architect, notable as a pioneer in architectural education, as a co-founder and President of the Royal Institute of British Architects and a winner of the RIBA Royal Gold Medal.
Life
Donaldson was born in Bloomsbury Square, London, the eldest son of architect, James Donaldson. His maternal uncle was Thomas Leverton (1743–1824), a distinguished architect sometimes credited with the south range of Bedford Square in London.
Donaldson travelled overseas after leaving school, obtaining a clerical job with a merchant on the Cape of Good Hope before volunteering for an expedition to attack the French-controlled island of Mauritius. Once back in London, he was employed in his father's office, before visiting Italy and Greece to broaden his experience, travelling with John Lewis Wolfe and W. W. Jenkins. He designed 4 Hamilton Place for the Earl of Lucan. His first significant work was the church of Holy Trinity in South Kensington, London (built 1826-1829).
With Jacques Ignace Hittorff and Charles Robert Cockerell, Donaldson was also a member of the committee formed in 1836 to determine whether the Elgin Marbles and other Greek statuary in the British Museum had originally been coloured (see Transactions of the Royal Institute of British Architects for 1842).
Donaldson reworked substantial sections of the Wilkins building at University College London (UCL), and designed its Flaxman Gallery and library buildings. He also designed All Saints Church in Gordon Street, London, and was involved with the Great Exhibition of 1851.
Donaldson pioneered the academic study of architecture and in 1841 became the first Professor of Architecture at University College London - a post he retained until 1865. He was also a co-founder of the Royal Institute of British Architects in 1834, and continued as its honorary secretary until 1839, then as its foreign secretary for a further twenty years. He designed the institute's Mycenean lions medal and the motto ‘Usui civium, decori urbium'. He was awarded the institute's royal gold medal in 1851 and was its president from 1863 to 1864.
He was described by the Prince of Wales in 1879 as the father of the Institute and of the profession'.
Donaldson died in Upper Bedford Place, Bloomsbury, and is buried in Brompton Cemetery, London.
His nephew was the artist Andrew Brown Donaldson.
References
External links
Oxford Dictionary of National Biography, Oxford University Press, 2004
Dictionary of Scottish Architects
Portrrait of Thomas Leverton Donaldson (1795–1885), PRIBA
Albert Memorial, Thomas Leverton Donaldson
Donaldson, Thomas Leverton, "'Architectural maxims and theorems in elucidation of some of the principles of design and construction: and lecture on the education and character of the architect'' (1847)
1795 births
1885 deaths
19th-century English architects
Burials at Brompton Cemetery
Recipients of the Royal Gold Medal
Academics of University College London
Architects from London
Presidents of the Royal Institute of British Architects
Elgin Marbles | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Leverton%20Donaldson |
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