text stringlengths 3 277k | source stringlengths 31 193 |
|---|---|
USS Murphy may refer to the following ships of the United States Navy:
, was a launched in 1942 and sold for scrap in 1971. She earned four battle stars, and survived a partial sinking during World War II.
, is an launched in 2011 and currently in service
See also
United States Navy ship names | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Murphy |
Vulcan (Gabriel Summers) is a fictional character appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics. He first appeared in X-Men: Deadly Genesis #1 (January 2006). He is the third Summers brother to be revealed, the younger brother of X-Men characters Cyclops and Havok.
Publication history
Though a third Summers brother was mentioned years before by Sinister during an encounter with Cyclops, Vulcan first appeared in X-Men: Deadly Genesis #1, a story written by Ed Brubaker that ran from January to July 2006. Vulcan then appeared in "The Rise and Fall of the Shi'ar Empire" storyline, also written by Brubaker, in The Uncanny X-Men issues #475 to 486 (September 2006 to July 2007).
After Brubaker left The Uncanny X-Men, Christopher Yost took over as writer beginning with the X-Men: Emperor Vulcan mini-series, which ran from November 2007 to March 2008.
In July, 2008, Marvel.com posted a news article of an alternate cover of Emperor Vulcan featuring the phrase "Who Will Rule?", accompanied by the text "Stay tuned to Marvel.com and get ready for the blockbuster answer at San Diego Comic-Con!" This was all to build up to the "War of Kings" storyline, and Vulcan's part of the story is set up in the Kingbreaker mini-series, written by Yost.
Fictional character biography
Origins
Vulcan's history began on the Shi'ar throneworld, as the unborn child of Christopher Summers (later known as Corsair) and Katherine Summers, parents of Cyclops and Havok. Katherine was pregnant when the Summers were abducted by D'Ken, Majestor of the Shi'ar Imperium. The unborn child was seemingly killed when the mad emperor, in retaliation for an attempt by Corsair to escape, stabbed Katherine and killed her. The fetus was removed from Katherine's lifeless body and placed in an incubation-accelerator, which is used to breed slaves. As a result, the child was aged to the prime of adolescence.
Sent to Earth to become a slave for Erik the Red, the Emperor's hand on Earth, he escaped and was found by Moira MacTaggert with little or no memories of who he was or where he came from. She took him as her ward and instructed him in the use of his nascent powers. He claimed his name was Gabriel, but he chose the code name of Vulcan from a book on Roman mythology, and Charles Xavier recognized his mental imprint as being related to Cyclops and his age suggests he is older. Vulcan became part of a team of X-Men formed by Petra, Darwin, and Sway that attempted to rescue the original X-Men from the sentient island Krakoa. Viewing Vulcan as a menace, Krakoa sent a human-shaped volcano to deal with his team, killing the two women and leaving Darwin and Vulcan for dead.
Deadly Genesis
With the help of his dying teammates, Vulcan was able to survive. Reawakened in modern days by the mutant energies released during M-Day, he returns from his space exile to get revenge against Professor Xavier, killing Banshee in the process, as well as attempting to kill Logan and even kidnapping Rachel Summers and Cyclops.
Vulcan subconsciously uses the absorbed powers of Petra and Sway to manipulate the X-Men, and figures out the truth of the mystery behind the missing team of X-Men that were lost on Krakoa. Vulcan is able to lure Professor Xavier out of hiding, and confronts him in front of the X-Men, wanting the Professor to reveal to them all what really happened to Vulcan and his team. However, Xavier is unable to do so, because, in the wake of M-Day, he is no longer a Mutant. Enraged, Vulcan commands Marvel Girl to link their minds so that everyone can see what transpired. Reluctantly, Rachel does so, and with Xavier as a guide, she is able to not only reveal the truth behind what really happened on Krakoa, but she also detects another consciousness within the mind of Vulcan.
It is revealed that Vulcan and his team rescued Scott from Krakoa (it was previously thought that Krakoa itself released Scott to bring it more victims), and Vulcan was able to hurt the living island, which greatly enraged the creature. Vulcan revealed to Cyclops that they were in fact brothers, and sent Cyclops away on their jet to safety. As the jet took off, Cyclops watched in horror as the living island struck down and seemingly killed Vulcan and his team. Sway was hit first, and severed in two at her torso. Her body released the last of her mutant power to slow time down around them. As Petra was incinerated, she also reacted reflexively and drew them all below the surface into a cave that her power created. There, Vulcan and Darwin lay dying, and Darwin transformed himself into energy and bonded with Vulcan, thus saving them both. They were launched into space along with the Krakoa land mass by Polaris and fell into a state of suspended animation. After the apparent deaths of Vulcan and his team, Cyclops returned to Professor Xavier in a hysterical state, blaming himself for their deaths, and the Professor decided it was best for all involved if he altered their memories to forget about the second team, and spare everyone the agony.
Vulcan thus remained on Krakoa, inert, until the massive backlash of power resulting from M-Day awakened him, whereupon he returned to Earth to confront the X-Men, revealing the truth behind the Krakoa incident to them. With these revelations, Marvel Girl reaches into Vulcan's mind and releases the subconscious inert form of Darwin, which Vulcan expels from his body. Using this opportunity, the X-Men attack him as they deem him too dangerous to be left alone. Vulcan easily repels their attack and flees the planet, renouncing Cyclops as his brother, and heads for space with the vision of D'Ken killing his mother raging in his mind, bent on revenge.
The Rise and Fall of the Shi'ar Empire
While traveling through Shi'ar space, he learns from a crew member whose starship he had destroyed that D'Ken has been comatose for years after his experience in the M'Kraan Crystal and that Lilandra Neramani is the current ruler of the Shi'ar. Undaunted, Vulcan continues on his quest for vengeance by engaging a trio of Shi'ar warships, and destroying two of them, thereby showing his superiority to the crew of the surviving third ship, which Vulcan then commandeers for his own. After reaching the inner territory of the Shi'ar throneworld, Chandilar, the ship is confronted and ordered to surrender by the Imperial Guard. However, the captain of Vulcan's ship had deceived Vulcan as to the Guard's true strength, hoping to use him as a pawn in Vice-Chancellor K'Tor's plan to restore the old Empire; as a result, Vulcan is unprepared for the true power of the Guard, and especially their leader, Gladiator.
Vulcan kills several powerful guardsmen in combat (Neutron, Cosmo, Smasher, and Impulse, among possible others), but is defeated by Gladiator, and taken to a prison moon. He remains a prisoner there until an agent of the Vice-Chancellor frees him from his shackles, and directs him to another cell to free Deathbird.
However, soon afterwards, Deathbird manages to convince him to at least delay his plan for vengeance, after the two become romantically involved. Vulcan then uses his powers to heal D'Ken's injuries. Afterwards, a grateful D'Ken asks Vulcan to marry Deathbird. After his wedding, Vulcan throws Professor Xavier into the M'Kraan Crystal, kills D'Ken, and names himself Emperor of the Shi'ar. Darwin leaps into the Crystal after Xavier, and soon after emerges with him. During the battle Vulcan kills Corsair, claiming he does not have a father and blaming Corsair for letting his mother die. Now with Xavier's lost telepathy restored by the Crystal, he, along with Nightcrawler, Warpath, Darwin, and Hepzibah, are sent back to Earth by Lilandra locking the ship's programming. Meanwhile, Havok, Marvel Girl, Polaris, Ch'od, Raza, and Korvus form a new team of Starjammers bent on defeating Gabriel (Vulcan) once and for all, and salvaging the remains of the crippled Shi'ar Empire.
Emperor Vulcan
The civil war between Vulcan's forces and those loyal to the dethroned Lilandra rages on. Led by Havok and the Starjammers, Lilandra's forces gradually whittle away at Vulcan's forces, which are plagued by defections. The Shi'ar, contrary to Vulcan's expectations, are not happy to have an outsider as their ruler. Vulcan is discouraged by this, but Deathbird convinces him that they will come to accept him.
Warned in advance of a rebel raid on Feather's Edge, Vulcan and his fleet ambush the Starjammers. However, in the middle of the battle, his ship, the Hammer, is destroyed by the Scy'ar Tal (translates as "Death to the Shi'ar"). Vulcan and Gladiator attack the leader of the Scy'ar Tal and are easily defeated, whereupon they retreat deeper into Shi'ar space.
Marvel Girl makes contact with the Eldest Scy'ar Tal and discovers their true origin: the Scy'ar Tal were originally called the M'Kraan. Early in their history, the Shi'ar attacked them, killing many and causing the rest to flee for their lives. Eventually the Shi'ar, taking over the planet, took the M'kraan Crystal as their own, declaring it the sacred gift of the deities Sharra and K'ythri.
The M'Kraan, changing their name to Scy'ar Tal, then devoted their culture and society to the destruction of the Shi'ar Empire. Even though it is later revealed to the reader that the Scy'ar Tal discovered the M'Kraan Crystal some 13,000 years earlier and eradicated the then-inhabiting species on the planet since they considered the planet to be "holy" — the same thing that the Shi'ar have done to them. With their first attack, they destroyed Feather's Edge by transporting a star to obliterate it.
Vulcan makes contact with the Starjammers to call a temporary ceasefire. Under the ceasefire, the Shi'ar and the Starjammers decide to take out the Finality, thus crippling the Scy'ar's biggest threat. Once Havok and Vulcan are in position to destroy Finality, the Eldest Scy'ar tries to stop them, but Vulcan, discovering the source of the Eldest's power, severs the connection between the Eldest and his brothers, rendering the Eldest powerless and the Scy'ar disorganized. The tide of the battle shifts to the Shi'ar, who proceed to attack not only the Scy'ar, but also the Starjammers. Meanwhile, Vulcan blasts Havok into a sun.
Vulcan decides to use Finality to destroy the Scy'ar by using the weapon to place a star in the middle of their fleet. Havok returns, and, having absorbed enough power to burn him, decides to end things with Vulcan. While they battle, Rachael and Korvus attempt but fail to stop the beacon that will initiate the attack by the Shi'ar. The Shi'ar Imperial Guard end Havok's battle with Vulcan by appearing with the Starjammers in captivity, threatening to kill them. Before surrendering, Havok destroys Finality. With Havok and the Starjammers in custody, Vulcan declares that he will return the Shi'ar Empire to its former glory.
Divided We Stand
Vulcan appears on a monitor of Havok's cell on a prison and taunts him by telling him the events of Messiah Complex. He says the baby, and all of mutantkind's hope is lost. Havok destroys the monitor and says that if one baby can be born so can another, that there is always hope.
X-Men: Kingbreaker
Vulcan begins an aggressive war of conquest to expand the Shi'ar Empire, occupying, among other races, the Z'Nox. All the while, he becomes obsessed with making Havok acknowledge his superiority, which Havok refuses to do. The Starjammers escape their prison, nearly killing Vulcan in the process, and severely wounding Deathbird, but being forced to flee to the Kree Imperium.
War of Kings
After learning of the devastation of the Skrull fleet and the takeover of Hala by the Inhumans, Vulcan launches a surprise attack on the Kree, now ruled by Black Bolt and the Inhuman population of Attilan. The Imperial Guard retrieves Lilandra, whom Vulcan plans to execute. However, he is stopped by one of his admirals, stating that doing so will only make her a martyr and incite factions loyal to her to overthrow him around a similar figurehead. He also abducts Adam Warlock and attacks him.
Soon enough, Lilandra is assassinated in an attempt to usurp Vulcan. Immediately, a civil war ignites in the Imperium between factions loyal to her and Vulcan. Though advised by the Fraternity of Raptors and his admirals to sue for peace and return to their planets to restore order, Vulcan refuses to listen and flies off to engage the Inhumans. He finds Black Bolt with his T-Bomb. Believing Black Bolt intends to destroy his empire, Vulcan engages him. They both apparently die in the resulting explosion that tears a hole in the fabric of space and time. Gladiator then takes Vulcan's place as Majestor of the Shi'ar. It is later revealed that Black Bolt did not die but was instead trapped in the fault, while Vulcan's fate remained unknown.
Dawn of X
Sometime later during Dawn of X, Cyclops wrote Vulcan's name as one of several threats the X-Men have to solve, at a time when almost all X-Men disappeared and are presumed dead while trapped in a realm created by Nate Grey, which indicates that Vulcan is in fact alive or simply that Cyclops doesn't know what happened to him during the War of Kings event. Soon afterwards after Xavier used Krakoa's unique abilities to create a new nation for mutants, it is revealed through an infographic that lists off all of the Omega Level mutants known to exist, that Gabriel is indeed alive and mysteriously back on Earth. He is also a loyal citizen of Krakoa and was reunited with his family and his psychotic mind apparently stabilized. Vulcan was accepted with a few acquaintances from the Krakoan mainland who have stretched the acceptable boundaries of decorum. He also appears to have no memory of his time as the mad Emperor of the Shi'ar, although he has the same recurring dream every night of being stuck in the Fault after the War of Kings event, which made him to be prone to heavy drinking. Also, while it wasn't a particularly a trait of his in the past, Vulcan has something of a tendency toward grandiose dialogue and talks incessantly about the fire inside him, which doesn't seem like entirely a stable behavior of his. To complicate matters, a Shi'ar Battle Record of Vulcan's defeat reveals that while the Emperor Vulcan fell into the Fault with Black Bolt, he – like Black Bolt – never died. Later while on the moon, Vulcan finds the Cotati and sees them getting ready to invade Earth. He warns them against invading Krakoa but they capture him and accidentally awaken his fire, allowing him to remember what was done to him in the breach. As it turns out, while in the Fault, Vulcan was plucked to another dimensional plane by a trinity of lovecraftian beings of ancient power and malice known as the Many-Angled-Ones, who plan to use him to conquer the Marvel Universe. They also implied to have tried to captured Black Bolt, but the Midnight King was rescued in time. The alien conclave cast a covetous eye upon Vulcan's power, seeking to turn him into a tool for their own purposes. They tear Vulcan apart on a molecular level to peer into his soul. While assessing his potential for good and for evil, they find a fire within him which they consider "A true power inside a broken and twisted host". Disturbingly, they apparently are only interested in Vulcan's evil side, even considering the potential for good to be a flaw in his existence. They rewrote Vulcan's mind, creating the "good" exterior he has been presenting to the X-Men all this time, a false identity beneath which was subsumed his true persona and returned him back to his universe. Back in the present, Vulcan unleashes his repressed fire and torches all of the Cotati, killing them all. When the rest of the Cotati find out Vulcan has killed their whole battalion, they get ready to invade Krakoa.
Powers and abilities
Vulcan is an Omega-level mutant with the ability to psionically manipulate, control, and absorb vast amounts of energy. In addition to traditional energies of the electromagnetic spectrum, Vulcan has displayed control over exotic energies such as Cyclops' optic blasts and magical energy.
Vulcan has used his powers to produce light, heat, force, and electricity, as well as warp or disable large amounts and different types of existing energy sources, tap into and suppress mutant energies, survive in the vacuum of space, and fly. Outside a planetary atmosphere his flight speed can even reach near the speed of light. He can track energy signatures over vast interstellar distances, as demonstrated when he located a trio of starships. He is able to go without food for long periods by directly absorbing energy, and can generate protective force fields for interstellar travel. He can manipulate electricity within a person's brain and use the powers of others by manipulating their own energy sources, although he needs to be in their presence to achieve this. The exact limits of his power replication abilities are unknown, but he was capable of utilising Marvel Girl's telepathy without her consent. Vulcan also possesses the capability of solidifying energy into solid shapes, in effect simulating telekinesis. When he uses his powers, his eyes glow. He has been confirmed as an Omega level mutant, his powers elevated to said level thanks to absorbing a massive amount of mutant energies from M-Day.
Vulcan is able to use his psionic abilities for a variety of uses. Despite little (if any) formal training in the use of his mental powers, Vulcan has demonstrated feats such as completely resisting mental manipulation/assault by far more experienced telepathic beings, and he was also able to restore former Shi'ar emperor D'Ken from a catatonic state, something the most powerful/skilled telepaths of the entire Shi'ar empire had previously been unable to accomplish. Vulcan does not possess any innate telepathic abilities, but can manipulate the telepathic energies of others (which enables him to shield his mind from outside attacks). In the instance with D'Ken, he used his energy powers to reactivate the electrical connections in the neurons of D'Ken's brain that had been damaged by the M'Krann Crystal.
All three Summers brothers have similar powers, as they are each able to absorb certain kinds of celestial energies and re-channel that energy from their bodies. While his brothers Alex and Scott are known to be immune to each other's powers, they are apparently not immune to Vulcan's; nor is Vulcan immune to Alex's.
Vulcan is capable of absorbing vast amounts of energy in any form. In an engagement, Vulcan forced Adam Warlock to flee after robbing him of most of his power within seconds. Vulcan's absorption abilities, though vast, have limits. He was unable to absorb or deflect a powerful blast from his brother Havok (although at the time Havok was powered beyond his normal levels), leaving Vulcan wounded and at the mercy of his brother. Though high-order energy projection rapidly depletes his reserves, as demonstrated in his fight against Shi'ar warships and later the Imperial Guard, Vulcan's energy manipulation abilities are not based on said energy reserves. He can continue to manipulate external sources of energy even when they are depleted, though he is noticeably weaker when this occurs. Nevertheless, he has been shown to be easily capable of defeating multiple advanced Shi'ar starships when in such a state.
After being swallowed by the soil of Krakoa, he absorbed the powers of his teammates Sway, Darwin, and Petra, giving him their powers of time manipulation, physical adaptation, and earth manipulation respectively. These powers were lost when Rachel Summers was able to give Darwin's psyche the necessary boost to separate himself from Vulcan.
When not in possession of Darwin's powers, Vulcan's body is as vulnerable as any normal human as far as durability is concerned. Blows from Black Bolt were shown to be capable of drawing blood and chipping teeth. When battling the X-Men, Vulcan has been susceptible to physical blows. However, Vulcan can use his energy abilities to create force fields or to rebuild damaged/destroyed portions of his body, the total extent of which is unknown, as Vulcan still required a prosthetic eye after a strike from Gladiator.
According to information from his creator, Ed Brubaker, Vulcan has a "hidden potential" which allows him to fully generate and have control over seven elements (fire, earth, electricity, wind, water, darkness, and light).
Reception
In 2014, Entertainment Weekly ranked Vulcan 77th in their "Let's rank every X-Man ever" list.
Other versions
Age of X
In the Age of X reality, Vulcan is in an induced coma at Barton-Howell research facility.
What If?
What If? Deadly Genesis explores what would have happened if Vulcan and his team had survived their venture on Krakoa. In this reality, Vulcan and his team make their way through the island, surviving its assault. Vulcan becomes separated from the group and finds the captured X-Men. After accidentally killing them all in a panic, Vulcan escapes the temple and, with the rest of his team, the island itself. Krakoa is then jettisoned into deep space, where it remains untouched for years until being discovered by the Silver Surfer. In the intervening time, Vulcan's team of X-Men had become very popular with the general population of Earth, but when the Surfer alerts the X-Men to his discovery, Sway finds a time pocket and uses her powers to replay the events of Vulcan's killings. After confronting Vulcan about the lie and disabling his powers, Professor Xavier forces him to leave Earth, although he announces that he is travelling into space to protect other worlds to protect the reputation of mutants. Vulcan is banished to Krakoa as it resumes drifting through space, and, as punishment, he is forced to replay the transpired murders of the X-Men every time he requires food. However, the issue ends with Vulcan musing that he feels less guilt each time he watches this replay, and wonders how long it will take until he feels nothing at all.
A second story, "What If? Rise and Fall of the Shi'ar Empire", examines what would have happened to the Shi'ar Empire if Vulcan had absorbed the energies of the M'Kraan Crystal instead of Professor Xavier, and become the Phoenix.
Collected editions
Vulcan's stories have been collected into trade paperbacks:
Deadly Genesis (200 pages, hardcover, August 2006, , softcover, January 2007, )
Rise and Fall of the Shi'ar Empire (collects The Uncanny X-Men #475–486, 312 pages, August 2007, hardcover, , softcover, February 2008, )
Emperor Vulcan (120 pages, May 2008, )
Road to War of Kings (collects X-Men: Kingbreaker #1–4, Secret Invasion: War of Kings, and War of Kings Saga, 176 pages, June 2009, )
References
External links
Vulcan (Gabriel Summers) at the Marvel Database Project
Third Summers Brother Article Pre-Vulcan at Uncannyxmen.net
Release Report for Evil Emperor Vulcan
Characters created by Ed Brubaker
Comics characters introduced in 2006
Fictional characters with absorption or parasitic abilities
Fictional characters with energy-manipulation abilities
Fictional characters with earth or stone abilities
Fictional characters with elemental transmutation abilities
Fictional characters who can manipulate time
Fictional emperors and empresses
Fictional mass murderers
Fictional patricides
Fictional slaves
Galactic emperors
Marvel Comics characters who have mental powers
Marvel Comics extraterrestrial supervillains
Marvel Comics male supervillains
Marvel Comics mutants
Marvel Comics orphans
Shi'ar
X-Men members | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vulcan%20%28Marvel%20Comics%29 |
Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN) are a group of nematodes (thread worms), that cause death to insects. The term entomopathogenic has a Greek origin, with entomon, meaning insect, and pathogenic, which means causing disease. They are animals that occupy a bio control middle ground between microbial pathogens and predator/parasitoids. Although many other parasitic thread worms cause diseases in living organisms (sterilizing or otherwise debilitating their host), entomopathogenic nematodes are specific in only infecting insects. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) live parasitically inside the infected insect host, and so they are termed as endoparasitic. They infect many different types of insects living in the soil like the larval forms of moths, butterflies, flies and beetles as well as adult forms of beetles, grasshoppers and crickets. EPNs have been found all over the world in a range of ecologically diverse habitats. They are highly diverse, complex and specialized. The most commonly studied entomopathogenic nematodes are those that can be used in the biological control of harmful insects, the members of Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae. They are the only insect-parasitic nematodes possessing an optimal balance of biological control attributes.
Classification
Life cycle
Because of their economic importance, the life cycles of the genera belonging to families Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae are well studied. Although not closely related, phylogenetically, both share similar life histories (Poinar 1993). The cycle begins with an infective juvenile, whose only function is to seek out and infect new hosts. When a host has been located, the nematodes penetrate into the insect body cavity, usually via natural body openings (mouth, anus, spiracles) or areas of thin cuticle. (Shapiro-Ilan, David I., and Randy Gaugler. "Nematodes.") After entering an insect, infective juveniles release an associated mutualistic bacterium from their gut which multiplies rapidly. These bacteria of the genus Xenorhabdus or Photorhabdus, for steinerernematides and heterorhabditids, respectively—cause host mortality within 24–48 hours. The nematodes provide shelter to the bacteria, which, in return, kill the insect host and provide nutrients to the nematode. Without this mutualism no nematode is able to act as an entomoparasite. Together, the nematodes and bacteria feed on the liquefying host, and reproduce for several generations inside the cadaver maturing through the growth stages of J2-J4 into adults. Steinernematids infective juveniles may become males or females, whereas heterorhabditids develop into self-fertilizing hermaphrodites with later generations producing two sexes. When food resources in the host become scarce, the adults produce new infective juveniles adapted to withstand the outside environment. The life cycles of the EPNs are completed within a few days.(Shapiro-Ilan, David I., and Randy Gaugler. "Nematodes.") After about a week, hundreds of thousands of infective juveniles emerge and leave in search of new hosts, carrying with them an inoculation of mutualistic bacteria, received from the internal host environment (Boemare 2002, Gaugler 2006). Their growth and reproduction depends upon conditions established in the host cadaver by the bacterium. The nematodes bacterium contributes anti-immune proteins to assist in overcoming their host defenses (Shapiro-Ilan, David I., and Randy Gaugler. "Nematodes.").
Foraging strategies
The foraging strategies of entomopathogenic nematodes vary between species, influencing their soil depth distributions and host preferences. Infective juveniles use strategies to find hosts that vary from ambush and cruise foraging (Campbell 1997). In order to ambush prey, some Steinernema species nictate, or raise their bodies off the soil surface so they are better poised to attach to passing insects, which are much larger in size (Campbell and Gaugler 1993). Many Steinernema are able to jump by forming a loop with their bodies that creates stored energy which, when released, propels them through the air (Campbell and Kaya 2000). Other species adopt a cruising strategy and rarely nictate. Instead, they roam through the soil searching for potential hosts. These foraging strategies influence which hosts the nematodes infect. For example, ambush predators such as Steinernema carpocapsae infect more insects on the surface, while cruising predators like Heterorhabditis bacteriophora infect insects that live deep in the soil (Campbell and Gaugler 1993).
Population ecology
Competition and coexistence
Inside their insect hosts, EPNs experience both intra and interspecific competition. Intraspecific competition takes place among nematodes of the same species when the number of infective juveniles penetrating a host exceeds the amount of resources available. Interspecific competition occurs when different species compete for resources. In both cases, the individual nematodes compete with each other indirectly by consuming the same resource, which reduces their fitness and may result in the local extinction of one species inside the host (Koppenhofer and Kaya 1996). Interference competition, in which species compete directly, can also occur. For example, a steinernematid species that infects a host first usually excludes a heterorhabditid species. The mechanism for this superiority may be antibiotics produced by Xenorhabdus, the symbiotic bacterium of the steinernematid. These antibiotics prevent the symbiotic bacterium of the heterorhabditid from multiplying (Kaya and Koppenhofer1996). In order to avoid competition, some species of infective juveniles are able to judge the quality of a host before penetration. The infective juveniles of S. carpocapsae are repelled by 24-hour-old infections, likely by the smell of their own species' mutualistic bacteria (Grewal et al. 1997).
Interspecific competition between nematode species can also occur in the soil environment outside of hosts. Millar and Barbercheck (2001) showed that the introduced nematode Steinernema riobrave survived and persisted in the environment for up to a year after its release. S. riobrave significantly depressed detection of the endemic nematode H. bacteriophora, but never completely displaced it, even after two years of continued introductions. S. riobrave had no effect on populations of the native nematode, S. carpocapsae, though, which suggests that coexistence is possible. Niche differentiation appears to limit competition between nematodes. Different foraging strategies allow two species to co-exist in the same habitat. Different foraging strategies separate the nematodes in space and enable them to infect different hosts. EPNs also occur in patchy distributions, which may limit their interactions and further support coexistence (Kaya and Koppenhofer 1996).
Population distribution
Entomopathogenic nematodes are typically found in patchy distributions, which vary in space and time, although the degree of patchiness varies between species (reviewed in Lewis 2002). Factors responsible for this aggregated distribution may include behavior, as well as the spatial and temporal variability of the nematodes natural enemies, like nematode trapping fungus. Nematodes also have limited dispersal ability. Many infective juveniles are produced from a single host which could also produce aggregates. Patchy EPN distributions may also reflect the uneven distribution of host and nutrients in the soil (Lewis et al. 1998; Stuart and Gaugler 1994; Campbell et al. 1997, 1998). EPNs may persist as metapopulations, in which local population fragments are highly vulnerable to extinction, and fluctuate asynchronously (Lewis et al. 1998). The metapopulation as a whole can persist as long as the rate of colonization is greater or equal to the rate of population extinction (Lewis et al. 1998). The founding of new populations and movement between patches may depend on the movement of infective juveniles or the movement of infected hosts (Lewis et al. 1998). Recent studies suggest that EPNs may also use non-host animals, such as isopods and earthworms for transport (Eng et al.2005, Shapiro et al. 1993) or can be scavengers (San-Blas and Gowen, 2008).
Community ecology
Parasites can significantly affect their hosts, as well as the structure of the communities to which they and their hosts belong (Minchella and Scott 1991). Entomopathogenic nematodes have the potential to shape the populations of plants and host insects, as well as the species composition of the surrounding animal soil community.
Entomopathogenic nematodes affect populations of their insect hosts by killing and consuming individuals. When more EPNs are added to a field environment, typically at concentrations of , the population of host insects measurably decreases (Campbell et al. 1998, Strong et al. 1996). Agriculture exploits this finding, and the inundative release of EPNs can effectively control populations of soil insect pests in citrus, cranberries, turfgrass, and tree fruit (Lewis et al. 1998).
If entomopathogenic nematodes suppress the population of insect root herbivores, they indirectly benefit plants by freeing them from grazing pressure. This is an example of a trophic cascade in which consumers at the top of the food web (nematodes) exert an influence on the abundance of resources (plants) at the bottom. The idea that plants can benefit from the application of their herbivore's enemies is the principle behind biological control. Consequently, much of EPN biological research is driven by agricultural applications.
Examples of the top-down effects of entomopathogenic nematodes are not restricted to agricultural systems. Researchers at the Bodega Marine Laboratory examined the strong top-down effects that naturally occurring EPNs can have on their ecosystem (Strong et al. 1996). In a coastal shrubland food chain the native EPN, Heterorhabditis heplialus, parasitized ghost moth caterpillars, and ghost moth caterpillars consumed the roots of bush lupine. The presence H. heplialus correlated with lower caterpillar numbers and healthier plants. In addition, the researchers observed high mortality of bush lupine in the absence of EPNs. Old aerial photographs over the past 40 years indicated that the stands where nematodes were prevalent had little or no mass die-off of lupine. In stands with low nematode prevalence, however, the photos showed repeated lupine die-offs. These results implied that the nematode, as a natural enemy of the ghost moth caterpillar, protected the plant from damage. The authors even suggested that the interaction was strong enough to affect the population dynamics of bush lupine (Strong et al. 1996).
Not only do entomopathogenic nematodes affect their host insects, they can also change the species composition of the soil community. Many familiar animals like earthworms and insect grubs live in the soil, but smaller invertebrates such as mites, collembolans, and nematodes are also common. Aside from EPNs, the soil ecosystem includes predatory, bacteriovorous, fungivorous and plant parasitic nematode species. Since EPNs are applied in agricultural systems at a rate of , the potential for unintended consequences on the soil ecosystem appears large. EPNs have not had an adverse effect on mite and collembolan populations (Georgis et al. 1991), yet there is strong evidence that they affect the species diversity of other nematodes. In a golf course ecosystem, the application of H. bacteriophora, an introduced nematode, significantly reduced the abundance, species richness, maturity, and diversity of the nematode community (Somaseker et al. 2002). EPNs had no effect on free-living nematodes. However, there was a reduction in the number of genera and abundance of plant-parasitic nematodes, which often remain enclosed within growths on the plant root. The mechanism by which insect parasitic nematodes have an effect on plant parasitic nematodes remains unknown. Although this effect is considered beneficial for agricultural systems where plant parasitic nematodes cause crop damage, it raises the question of what other effects are possible. Future research on the impacts EPNs have on soil communities will lead to greater understanding of these interactions.
In aboveground communities, EPNs have few side effects on other animals. One study reported that Steinernema felidae and Heterorhabditis megidis, when applied in a range of agricultural and natural habitats, had little impact on non-pest arthropods. Some minimal impacts did occur, however, on non-pest species of beetles and flies (Bathon 1996). Unlike chemical pesticides, EPNs are considered safe for humans and other vertebrates.
Disturbance
Frequent disturbance often perturbs agricultural habitats and the response to disturbance varies among EPN species. In traditional agricultural systems, tilling disturbs the soil ecosystem, affecting biotic and abiotic factors. For example, tilled soils have lower microbial, arthropod, and nematode species diversity (Lupwayi et al. 1998). Tilled soil also has less moisture and higher temperatures. In a study examining the tolerances of different EPN species to tillage, the density of a native nematode, H. bacteriophora, was unaffected by tillage, while the density of an introduced nematode, S. carpocapsae, decreased. The density of a third nematode introduced to the system, Steinernema riobrave, increased with tillage (Millar and Barbercheck 2002). Habitat preferences in temperature and soil depth can partially explain the nematodes' different responses to disturbance. S. carpocapsae prefers to remain near the soil surface and so is more vulnerable to soil disturbance than H. bacteriophora, which forages deeper and can escape the effects of tillage. S. riobrave may have responded well to tillage because it is better at surviving and persisting in hotter and drier conditions created by tillage (Millar and Barbercheck 2002). The data showed that Steinernema sp. found in some Indonesia regions showed high adaptive capability when applied on another region or condition (Anton Muhibuddin, 2008). The response of EPNs to other forms of disturbance is less well defined. Nematodes are not affected by certain pesticides and are able to survive flooding. The effects of natural disturbances such as fire have not been examined.
Applications
Although the biological control industry has acknowledged EPNs since the 1980s, relatively little is understood about their biology in natural and managed ecosystems (Georgis 2002). Nematode-host interactions are poorly understood, and more than half of the natural hosts for recognized Steinernema and Heterorhabditis species remain unknown (Akhurst and Smith 2002). Information is lacking because isolates of naturally infected hosts are rare, so native nematodes are often baited using Galleria mellonella, a lepidopteran that is highly susceptible to parasitic infection. Laboratory studies showing wide host ranges for EPNs were often overestimates, because in a laboratory, contact with a host is assured and environmental conditions are ideal; there are no "ecological barriers" to infection (Kaya and Gaugler 1993, Gaugler et al. 1997). Therefore, the broad host range initially predicted by assay results has not always translated into insecticidal success.
Nematodes are open to mass production and don't require specialized application equipment since they are compatible with standard agrochemical equipment, including various sprayers (i.e. backpack, pressurized, mist, electrostatic, fan and aerial) and irrigation systems (Cranshaw, & Zimmerman 2013).
The lack of knowledge about nematode ecology has resulted in unanticipated failures to control pests in the field. For example, parasitic nematodes were found to be completely ineffective against blackflies and mosquitoes due to their inability to swim (Lewis et al.1998). Efforts to control foliage-feeding pests with EPNs were equally unsuccessful, because nematodes are highly sensitive to UV light and desiccation (Lewis et al.1998). Comparing the life histories of nematodes and target pests can often explain such failures (Gaugler et al. 1997). Each nematode species has a unique array of characteristics, including different environmental tolerances, dispersal tendencies, and foraging behaviors (Lewis et al. 1998). Increased knowledge about the factors that influence EPN populations and the impacts they have in their communities will likely increase their efficacy as biological control agents.
Recently, studies have shown utilizing both EPNs (steinernematids and heterorhabditids) in combination for biological control of plum curculio in orchards in Northeast America have reduced populations by as much as 70–90% in the field, depending on insect stage, treatment timing and field conditions. More studies are being conducted for the efficacy of EPNs utilized as a biological control agent for organic growers as an alternative solution to chemistries that aren't as effective at controlling insect infestations.(Agnello, Jentsch, Shield, Testa, and Keller 2014).
See also
Biological insecticides
Entomopathogenic fungus
References
Akhurst R and K Smith 2002. "Regulation and safety". p 311–332 in Gaugler I, editor. Entomopathogenic Nematology. CABI Publishing. New Jersey.
Boemare, N. 2002. "Biology, Taxonomy, and Systematics of Photorabdus and Xenorhabdus". p 57–78 in Gaugler I, editor. Entomopathogenic Nematology. CABI Publishing. New Jersey.
Bathon, H. 1996. "Impact of entomopathogenic nematodes on non-target hosts". Biocontrol Science and Technology 6: 421–434.
Campbell, J.F. and R. Gaugler. 1993. "Nictation behavior and its ecological implications in the host search strategies of enomopathogenic nematodes". Behavior. 126:155–169 Part 3-4
Campbell, J.F. and Gaugler, R.R. 1997. "Inter-specific variation in entomopathogenic nematode foraging strategy: Dichotomy or variation along a continuum?" Fundamental and Applied Nematology 20 (4): 393–398.
Campbell JF; Orza G; Yoder F, Lewis E and Gaugler R. 1998. "Spatial and temporal distribution of endemic and released entomopathogenic nematode populations in turfgrass". Entomologia Experimentalis et Applicata. 86:1–11.
Campbell J.F., and H.K. Kaya. 2000. "Influence of insect associated cues on the jumping behavior of entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernema spp.)". Behavior 137: 591–609 Part 5.
Eng, M. S., E.L. Preisser, and D.R. Strong. 2005. "Phoresy of the entomopathogenic nematode Heterorhabditis marelatus by a non-host organism, the isopod Porcellio scaber". Journal of Invertebrate Pathology 88(2):173–176
Gaugler. 1-2-06, "Nematodes-Biological Control ", editor-Contact Yaxin Li, Cornell University.
Gaugler R, Lewis E, and RJ Stuart. 1997. "Ecology in the service of biological control: the case of entomopathogenic nematodes". Oecologia. 109:483–489.
Georgis R., H.K. Kaya, and R. Gaugler. 1991. "Effect of Steinernematid and Heterorhabditid nematodes (Rhabditida, Steinternematidae and Heterorhabditidae) on Nontarget Arthropods". Environmental Entomology. 20(3): 815–822.
Georgis, R. 2002. "The Biosys Experiment: an Insider's Perspective". p 357–371 in Gaugler I, editor. Entomopathogenic Nematology. CABI Publishing. New Jersey.
Grewal P.S., E.E. Lewis and R.Gaugler. 1997. "Response of infective stage parasites (Nematoda: Steinernematidae) to volatile cues from infected hosts". Journal of Chemical Ecology. 23(2): 503–515.
Koppenhofer AM, and H.K. Kaya. 1996. "Coexistence of two steinernematid nematode species (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) in the presence of two host species". Applied Soil Ecology. 4(3): 221–230.
Kaya H.K., and A.M. Koppenhofer. 1996. "Effects of microbial and other antagonistic organism and competition on entomopathogenic nematodes". Biocontrol Science and Technology. 6(3): 357–371.
Lewis EE, Campbell JF and R Gaugler. 1998. "A conservation approach to using entomopathogenic nematodes in turf and landscapes". p 235–254 in P Barbosa Editor. Conservation Biological Control. Academic Press. San Diego.
Lewis EE. 2002. Behavioural Ecology. p 205–224 in Gaugler I, editor. Entomopathogenic Nematology. CABI Publishing. New Jersey.
Lupwayi, N.Z., W.A. Rice, and G.W. Clayton. 1998. "Soil microbial diversity and community structure under wheat as influenced by tillage and crop rotation". Soil Biological Biochemistry. 30: 1733–1741.
Millar LC and ME Barbercheck. 2001. "Interaction between endemic and introduced entomopathogenic nematodes in conventional-till and no-till corn". Biological Control. 22: 235–245.
Millar LC and ME Barbercheck.2002. "Effects of tillage practices on entomopathogenic nematodes in a corn agroecosystem". Biological control 25: 1–11.
Minchella, D.J. and M.E. Scott. 1991. "Parasitism-A cryptic determinant of animal community structure". Trends in Ecology and Evolution 6(8): 250–254.
Muhibuddin,A. 2008."Some Important Entomopathogenic Agens on Indonesia Region".Irtizaq Press-Surabaya, Indonesia.
Poinar, GO. 1993. "Origins and phylogenetic relationships of the entomophilic rhabditis, Heterorhabditis and Steinernema". Fundamental and Applied Nematology 16(4): 333–338.
San-Blas, E. and S.R. Gowen. 2008. "Facultative scavenging as a survival strategy of entomopathogenic nematodes". International Journal for Parasitology 38:85–91.
Shapiro, D.I.; Berry, E. C.; Lewis, L. C. 1993. "Interactions between nematodes and earthworms: Enhanced dispersal of Steinernema carpocapsae". Journal of Nematology 25(2): 189–192.
Somasekar N, Grewal PS, De Nardo EAB, and BR Stinner. 2002. "Non-target effects of entomopathogenic nematodes on the soil community". Journal of Applied Ecology. 39: 735–744.
Stuart RJ and R Gaugler. 1994. "Patchiness in populations of entomopathogenic nematodes". Journal of Invertebrate Pathology. 64: 39–45.
Strong, D. R., H.K. Kaya, A.V. Whipple, A.L, Child, S. Kraig, M. Bondonno, K. Dyer, and J.L. Maron. 1996. "Entomopathogenic nematodes: natural enemies of root-feeding caterpillars on bush lupine". Oecologia (Berlin) 108(1): 167–173.
Agnello, Art, Peter Jentsch, Elson Shield, Tony Testa, and Melissa Keller. "Evaluation of Persistent Entomopathogenic Nematodes." Evaluation of Persistent Entomopathogenic Nematodes for Biological Control of Plum Curculio 22.1 (Spring 2014): 21–23. Cornell University Dept. of Entomology. Web.
Cranshaw, W.S., and R. Zimmerman. "Insect Parasitic Nematodes." Insect Parasitic Nematodes. Colorado State University Extension, June 2013. Web. 3 July 2015.
External links
Entomopathogenic Nematodes
Nematodes as Biological Control Agents of Insects
Parasitic Nematodes Home Page
Entomopathogenic nematodes on the UF / IFAS Featured Creatures website.
>
>.revised. March 2015
[(https://bb.its.iastate.edu/bbcswebdav/pid-2172361-dt-content-rid-24641608_1/courses/12015-PL_P_-574_-XW/Lecture%204-2015.pdf]
Parasitic nematodes of animals
Biological control agents of pest insects
Soil biology | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entomopathogenic%20nematode |
Incredible India (stylized as Incredıble!ndia) is the name of an international tourism campaign launched by the government of India in 2002 to promote tourism in India. The "Incredible India" title was officially branded and promoted since 2002. The exclamation mark forms the 'I' of India. The exclamation used creatively across several visuals complements the concept behind the word "Incredible".
Marketing campaign
In 1972, Sunil Dutt launched a campaign to promote India as a popular tourist destination. The phrase "Incredible India" was adopted as a slogan by the ministry. Before 2002, the Indian government had regularly formulated policies and prepared pamphlets and brochures for the promotion of tourism, however, it had not supported tourism in a concerted fashion. In 2002, the tourism ministry made a conscious effort to bring in more professionalism in its attempts to promote tourism. It formulated an integrated communication strategy with the aim of promoting India as a destination of choice for the discerning traveller. The tourism ministry engaged the services of advertising and marketing firm Ogilvy & Mather (O&M) India to create a new campaign to increase tourist inflows into the country.
The campaign portrayed India as an attractive tourist destination by showcasing different aspects of Indian culture and history like yoga, spirituality, etc. The campaign was conducted globally and received appreciation from tourism industry observers and travellers alike. However, the campaign also attracted criticism from some quarters. Some observers felt that it had failed to cover several aspects of India which would have been attractive to the average tourist.
In 2008, the Ministry of Tourism launched a campaign targeted at the local population to educate them regarding good behaviour and etiquette when dealing with foreign tourists. Indian actor Aamir Khan was commissioned to endorse the campaign which was titled "Atithidevo Bhava", Sanskrit for "Guests are like God". Atithidevo Bhava was aimed at creating awareness about the effects of tourism and sensitising the local population about preservation of India's heritage, culture, cleanliness and hospitality. It also attempted to instil a sense of responsibility towards tourists and reinforce the confidence of foreign tourists towards India as a preferred holiday destination. The concept was designed to complement the Incredible India campaign.
In 2009, Minister of tourism, Kumari Selja unveiled plans to extend the Incredible India campaign to the domestic tourism sector as well. US$12 million out of a total budget of US$200 million was allocated in 2009 for the purpose of promoting domestic tourism.
In 2015, Aamir Khan, whose comments on perceived intolerance in the country had created a controversy, ceased to be the mascot for the Incredible India campaign when the contract for it expired. The new brand ambassador of Incredible India was Narendra Modi himself.
The veteran actor Amitabh Bachchan and actress Priyanka Chopra were chosen as the new brand ambassadors for the Incredible India campaign.
Impact on Indian tourism
According to spending data released by Visa Asia Pacific in March 2006, India has emerged as the fastest growing market in the Asia-Pacific region in terms of international tourist spending. The data revealed that international tourists spent US$372 million in India in the fourth quarter (October–December) of 2005, 25% more than in the fourth quarter of 2004. China, which came second in the region, managed to raise US$784 million from international tourism in Q4 2005, a growth of 23% over its Q4 2004 figures. The tourist spending figures for India would have satisfied the Indian tourism ministry, which had been targeting the high-end market through its long running Incredible India communication campaign.
Reception
Indian travel industry analysts and tour operators were appreciative of the high standards of the Incredible India campaign. "The promo campaign is making a powerful visual impact and creating a perception of India being a magical place to visit," said Anne Morgaon Scully, President, McCabe Bremer Travel, Virginia, U.S. Average travelers too appeared to find the campaign interesting and informative, going by favourable comments on blogs on travel websites. Although Incredible India was generally well received, industry observers differed in their opinions on the positioning of India in the campaign. G.S.Murari, Director, Fidelis Advertising and Marketing Private Ltd. stated that he was uncomfortable with the tagline "Incredible India" and was of the opinion that since India was not a uni-dimensional country like Singapore or the Maldives, using a word like 'incredible' to describe India as a whole was not appropriate. In 2011, Arjun Sharma, managing director, Le Passage to India, stated that the campaign had lived its life and needed to be reinvented.
The Ministry of Tourism again engaged Ogilvy & Mather for a period of three years, starting in 2012, to redefine the brand and provide a strategic vision for the campaign.
In 2013, the Ministry of Tourism partnered with WoNoBo.com to launch Walking Tours, an online experience where users navigate and route their way through cities based on a choice of themes.
In 2014, Tourism Secretary Parvez Dewan launched a personalised itinerary planner called Tripigator, a website aimed at providing all travel itineraries in one tab to reduce travellers' efforts.
See also
Atithi Devo Bhava
India Shining
Make in India
Stranded in India
Tourism in India
Tourism in Northeast India
References
Tourism in India
Indian brands
Tourism campaigns
Advertising in India
Ministry of Tourism (India)
Vajpayee administration
2002 establishments in India | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Incredible%20India |
Philophobia is the second studio album by Scottish indie rock band Arab Strap. It was released on 20 April 1998 on Chemikal Underground.
Philophobia peaked at number 37 on the UK Albums Chart, as well as number 3 on the UK Independent Albums Chart.
The 2010 reissue edition of the album comes with an additional bonus disc.
Critical reception
NME named Philophobia the 17th best album of 1998. In 2012, Fact placed the album at number 91 on its "100 Best Albums of the 1990s" list.
Track listing
Personnel
Credits for Philophobia adapted from album liner notes.
Arab Strap
Malcolm Middleton
Aidan Moffat
Additional musicians
Alan Barr – cello (1)
Chris Geddes – Wurlitzer electric piano (1), Hammond organ (2)
Stuart Murdoch – piano (2)
Sarah Martin – violin (2)
Gary Miller – bass guitar (2)
David Gow – drums (2), organ (5)
Alan Wylie – trumpet (7)
Adele Bethel – lyrics (10), vocals (10)
Cora Bissett – cello (12)
Production
Geoff Allan – recording (1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 9, 13), engineering (1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 9, 13), production
Paul Savage – recording (4, 5, 8, 10, 11, 12), engineering (4, 5, 8, 10, 11, 12), production
Artwork and design
Adam Piggot – graphics
Marianne Greated – painting
Charts
References
External links
1998 albums
Arab Strap (band) albums
Chemikal Underground albums
Matador Records albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philophobia%20%28album%29 |
Gary Martin may refer to:
Gary Martin (actor) (born 1958), English voice actor and actor
Gary Martin (Zimbabwean cricketer) (born 1966), former Zimbabwean ODI cricket bowler
Gary Martin (English cricketer) (born 1968), former English cricketer
Gary Martin (ethnobotanist) (born 1958), American anthropologist and ethnobotanist
Gary Martin (footballer) (born 1990), English association footballer
Gary Martin (programmer)
Gary Martin (reporter)
Gary E. Martin (born 1940), American chemist
Gary Montez Martin, perpetrator of the Aurora, Illinois shooting
See also | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary%20Martin |
Gao Song (; born March 20, 1981) is a Chinese former competitive figure skater. He is the 2002 Four Continents bronze medalist, 2003 NHK Trophy bronze medalist, 1999 Junior Grand Prix Final champion, and 2006 Chinese national champion.
Career
Gao won the silver medal at the 1998 ISU Junior Grand Prix in China.
In the 1999–2000 JGP series, he qualified for the final by winning gold in Norway and placing fourth in Japan. In December 1999, he was awarded the gold medal at the JGP Final in Gdańsk, Poland, ahead of Germany's Stefan Lindemann and Canada's Fedor Andreev. In March 2000, he finished sixth at the 2000 World Junior Championships in Oberstdorf, Germany, having placed fourth in his qualifying group, sixth in the short program, and sixth in the free skate.
Gao failed to qualify for the Chinese national team and received no international assignments in the 2000–01 season. He returned the next season and won the bronze medal at the 2002 Four Continents Championships. He finished 16th at the 2002 World Championships.
During the 2003–04 Grand Prix series, Gao placed fourth at the 2003 Cup of China and won the bronze medal at the 2003 NHK Trophy. He qualified for the Grand Prix Final, where he finished fifth.
Programs
Competitive highlights
GP: Grand Prix; JGP: Junior Grand Prix
References
External links
1981 births
Living people
Chinese male single skaters
Figure skaters at the 2007 Winter Universiade
Figure skaters from Harbin
Four Continents Figure Skating Championships medalists
Competitors at the 2005 Winter Universiade
Competitors at the 2009 Winter Universiade | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gao%20Song%20%28figure%20skater%29 |
Closer To Truth is a television series on public television originally created, produced, and hosted by Robert Lawrence Kuhn. The original series aired in 2000 for two seasons, followed by a second series aired in 2003 for a single season. The third series of the program, Closer To Truth: Cosmos. Consciousness. Meaning.,
launched in 2008, with 21 full seasons to date. Closer To Truth airs on over 200 PBS and public television stations and has had over 200,000 station broadcasts.
The show is centered on on-camera conversations with leading scientists, philosophers, theologians, and scholars, covering a diverse range of topics or questions, from the cause, size and nature of the universe (or multiverse), to the mystery of consciousness and the notion of free will, to the existence and essence of God, to the mystery of existence (i.e., why there is anything at all).
Robert Lawrence Kuhn is the creator, executive producer, writer, and presenter of the series. Peter Getzels is the co-creator, producer, and director.
Episodes
References
External links
Closer To Truth on YouTube
Closer To Truth on IMDb
Closer To Truth on Pinterest
PBS original programming
Philosophy television series
2000 American television series debuts
2020 American television series endings
2000s American documentary television series
2010s American documentary television series
2020s American documentary television series
Educational television
Documentary films about philosophy | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Closer%20to%20Truth |
Armando Muñoz, also known by his codename Darwin, is a mutant superhero appearing in American comic books published by Marvel Comics.
Edi Gathegi played the character in the film X-Men: First Class.
Publication history
Darwin first appeared in X-Men: Deadly Genesis #2 (February 2006), created by writer Ed Brubaker and artist Pete Woods .
Fictional character biography
Early life and Krakoa
After birth, Darwin's powers of self-protection and continuous circumstantial evolution made his mother hate him. The Afro-Hispanic boy was found by scientists who experimented on him, bringing him to the attention of the public. He was found by Moira MacTaggert and recruited as one of her "fosters". He was in the first team, along with Kid Vulcan, Petra, and Sway to attempt to rescue the X-Men from Krakoa.
While Petra and Sway were killed by Krakoa, Darwin and Vulcan were swallowed in the earth by a combination of Sway and Petra's dying powers. Darwin absorbed the remains of the two girls and then converted himself into energy to fuse together with Vulcan. This gave Vulcan the powers of Darwin, Petra, and Sway. Rachel Summers managed to expel Darwin's presence from Vulcan, who then took off for space. While dealing with the shocking revelations of the truth about Krakoa and Vulcan, Beast found out that Darwin was in fact still alive. He was brought back to the Institute, where Beast determined Darwin was now a being of pure energy. While not conscious, he was shown to still have brain activity and was still alive, located at the X-Mansion. Once separated from Vulcan, Darwin's abilities caused him to develop a physical form once more.
The Rise and Fall of The Shi'ar Empire
When the Uncanny X-Men team (including Warpath, Havok, Polaris, Marvel Girl, Nightcrawler, and Professor Xavier) left to go hunt down Vulcan and stop him from destroying the Shi'ar, it was revealed that the Professor brought Darwin with them with hope that his friendship with Vulcan would help. When Shi'ar agents abducted Professor X, Darwin followed, and secretly jumped onto their spacecraft as it fled.
After successfully rescuing Xavier from his captors, Darwin was well on his way to freedom when D'Ken was revealed to be alive and well. Recaptured by the Imperium guards, Darwin failed in his attempt of rescuing his mentor and reluctantly accepted Vulcan's offer of becoming best man at his and Deathbird's wedding.
Though obviously against the union, Darwin attended the wedding—albeit in shackles—and was caught in the crossfire when the X-Men and Starjammers attacked. Fearing his great day to be completely ruined by the interference, Vulcan trapped Xavier within the M'Kraan Crystal. Naturally fearing for his mentor's safety, Darwin followed Xavier into the depths of the crystal, and rescued him. He was taken to the X-Men's space ship with Professor X and Lilandra Neramani sent the ship on its way back to Earth.
World War Hulk
During the World War Hulk storyline, Darwin was one of the X-Men who heeded the call for help when Hulk came to the X-Mansion. While fighting the Hulk, he evolved in order to gain the ability to absorb gamma radiation. Darwin attempted to absorb gamma radiation from the Hulk only to find that the Hulk's gamma radiation supply was far more than he could drain. His body then determined the best way to confront the Hulk was to not confront the Hulk at all and Darwin gained teleportation powers and promptly teleported himself out of the Hulk's path of destruction: a distance of roughly three states away.
Messiah Complex
Darwin reappeared in Messiah Complex and fought alongside the X-Men against the Marauders, Purifiers, Predator X and Cable.
Secret Invasion
Sometime after Messiah Complex, Darwin goes in search of Professor Xavier because he wants to help him. He encounters Longshot, who tries to lead him to the Professor by using his powers. Longshot, however is unsure if his powers have been working correctly and tests them out on a group of people which turn on Darwin and attack. After a brief fight, Darwin manages to get away and the crowd turns on Longshot. Afterward, Longshot meets back up with Darwin and they are attacked by Jazinda and She-Hulk who are trailing after Longshot, who is really a Skrull named Nogor. Darwin also develops a crush on Monet.
Meanwhile, Darwin's father hires X-Factor Investigations to help him find Darwin, supposedly because he feels bad for walking out on him and his mother when he was younger.
Joining X-Factor
After Darwin is reunited with his father, he is betrayed by him and sold out to operatives of an organization known as the Karma Project, who are experimenting on living human beings, only for their attempts to duplicate Darwin's hyper-evolution to fail when the duplicate Darwins' DNA proves incapable of handling his powers.
He is eventually recruited into the team by Siryn after she tells him that with X-Factor, he won't have to deal with the massive threats the X-Men routinely deal with. After Monet is possessed by the villainous Cortex and attacks Lenore, a young woman in the team's care, Darwin bravely fights her off. In the midst of the massive battle, Darwin is accidentally crushed by a Sentinel that had been blasted out of the sky by Siryn. Emerging unharmed from the debris, Darwin cynically mocks her earlier speech about not having to worry about this sort of thing with X-Factor.
Several months later, the team relocates to New York City in order to take advantage of high paying metahuman cases. Darwin is present when the team is hired by Valeria Richards and Franklin Richards, and claims to be intimidated by Valeria's intellect. Darwin seems to still harbor feelings for Monet, becoming angry when Multiple Man tells the team that they may not be able to help her find her kidnapped father.
During a battle with Hela, Darwin adapts to her touch by becoming a death god himself, but has trouble coping with the after-effect of the god-like abilities that were granted to him. He decides to leave the team to adjust and find himself.
On his return to X-Factor in the story arc "Breaking Points", Darwin has been plagued with voices in his head after touching Hela and assuming the form of Hela. These voices reveal to him the possible apocalypse that will be incurred by Rahne's wolf son Tier. He takes it upon himself to kill the wolf, but is met with resistance from Tier and his guardian Werewolf by Night. Despite several attempts to subdue Tier, he is met by Rictor who tries to stop Darwin from killing the child by throwing Darwin off the top of the cliff using his newly regained earthquake-inducing powers. Darwin doesn't die, the result of his evolutionary powers kicking in, but continues the hunt following Rahne's son from another dimension.
Dawn of X
Darwin is seen living a new life in Krakoa after Professor X, Moira McTaggert, and Magneto band together to create a mutant nation.
Darwin, along with Wolverine (Laura Kinney) and Synch, were tasked by the X-Men to infiltrate a Children of the Vault base inside a Master Mold as only they have the powers to adapt to the changes needed to infiltrate the base security. Darwin was selected because his powers has the capability to evaluate the atemporal environment and the Children themselves. The X-Men created a diversion to ensure that the three would be able to enter undetected, to which they succeeded. However, unbeknownst to those who were left outside the Vault, the three were immediately classified as unidentified subjects.
Due to the time flowing differently inside the Vault, they have been gone from the physical world for three months and five days but they have been inside for five hundred and thirty-seven years.
During their first day, while engaging the Children of the Vault in battle, Wolverine and Synch killed most of their foes while Darwin's head got caught in a water bubble from Sangre. After seeing her teammates killed, Aguja angrily killed herself by projecting a force field that destroyed everything around her in an attempt to kill her foes.
However, due to their unique powers Darwin and his teammates recovered. The team then spent 100 years inside the Vault gathering intelligence on the Children. Darwin's adaptation powers slowed or prevented him from aging and learned that City could resurrect any Children that were killed through cloning in order to continuously evolve them. The City eventually became interested in Darwin's power and captured him so it could learn how to create a new generation of Children. Wolverine was also captured. After Synch launched a rescued attempt, he was able to free Wolverine but Darwin was killed during the process by the City so it could use his powers to create a new generation of Children. Synch and Wolverine were later killed by the Children, but Synch was able to make telepathic contact with X and ensure everything they learned about the Vault was passed onto his resurrected form. Wolverine was eventually resurrected too but Darwin was lost into the Vault. Forge later initiated a rescue mission to retrieve Darwin from the Vault. During the rescue mission, Forge and a cloned copy of Caliban do their best to recover their long-missing ally, but their efforts have only caused more chaos, including the discovery that Wolverine had actually survived the mission. While confronted by the Serafina (one of the natives from within the Vault), Forge is wounded and eventually struck by a series of black tendrils from within the Vault lab. This quickly knocks Forge out and allows him to communicate in his dreams with Darwin, who also survived the Vault. Darwin explains that he spent relative centuries tortured by the Children of the Vault, describing their experiments as "living autopsies". Darwin honestly didn't know how he'd break loose of their containment. But the next time they scanned his mind and memories, Darwin was able to adapt by sneaking his consciousness into their computer systems that power the Vault, becoming a new form of living code. This transformation allowed Darwin to become capable of surviving outside his physical form within a technological space. As Darwin explains all this to Forge, he reveals that he doesn't need to be returned to his physical body, and would rather explore and learn more about the Vault. Darwin tells Forge they'll meet again, and ventures back into the data landscape while Forge rescues Wolverine from the Vault.
Powers and abilities
Darwin has the power of "reactive evolution"; i.e., his body automatically adapts to any situation or environment he is placed in, allowing him to survive possibly anything; the exact nature and limits of his powers have not been revealed.
Examples of his powers include: gaining night-vision after a few seconds in the dark; functional gills after being submerged in water; fire-proof skin after being exposed to flame; increasing his own intelligence; converting his body into pure energy; no longer requiring oxygen after being sucked into space; morphing into a sponge when shot at with a weapon designed to destroy the subject's nervous system; and acquiring comprehension of the Shi'ar language merely by looking at written samples. His power may concern itself with more efficient methods of survival than Darwin himself might choose; for example, instead of continually increasing Darwin's powers when taking punishment from the Hulk, his body simply teleported him away from the fight.
His power can also work when dealing with non-immediately-life-threatening situations, such as rendering it impossible for Darwin to get drunk by allowing his body to process alcohol faster than humans would normally.
Reception
In 2014, Entertainment Weekly ranked Darwin 71st in their "Let's rank every X-Man ever" list.
In other media
Darwin makes a cameo appearance in the Wolverine and the X-Men episode "Future X" as a member of Professor X's future X-Men.
Darwin appears in X-Men: First Class, portrayed by Edi Gathegi. This version is an Afro-Hispanic mutant who initially works as a taxi cab driver before he, among others, is recruited by Charles Xavier and Erik Lehnsherr to help them combat the Hellfire Club. Amidst a fight with the group however, Sebastian Shaw uses energy he absorbed from Alex Summers to kill Darwin. The latter scene has attracted derision from fans, critics and Gathegi, all of whom feel that Darwin's powers should have made him immune and that the scene served as an example of the "black guy dies first" trope.
References
External links
World of Black Heroes: Darwin Biography
Darwin at Marvel.com
Characters created by Ed Brubaker
Marvel Comics mutants
Marvel Comics male superheroes
Marvel Comics superheroes
Comics characters introduced in 2006
African-American superheroes
Fictional Afro–Latin American people
X-Factor (comics)
X-Men members | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darwin%20%28character%29 |
Whylah Falls is a long narrative poem (or "verse novel") by George Elliott Clarke, published in book form in 1990.
As with much of Clarke's work, the poem is inspired by the history and culture of the Black Canadian community in Nova Scotia, which he refers to as the "Africadian" community (a combination of the words "African" and "Acadian"). Clarke himself describes the work as a "blues spiritual about love and the pain of love".
Whylah Falls tells the story of several pairs of black lovers in southwestern Nova Scotia in the 1930s, through dramatic monologues, songs, sermons, sonnets, newspaper snippets, recipes, haiku and free verse. It has also been released in audiobook form, with an original jazz score performed by Joe Sealy, Jamie Gattie and Steve Macdonald to accompany the reading. Clarke also adapted the poem into a stage play, which premiered in 1999.
Whylah Falls was a winner of the Archibald Lampman Award for poetry. The book was also chosen for the CBC's inaugural Canada Reads competition in 2002, where it was championed by author Nalo Hopkinson.
References
1990 books
1990 poems
1999 plays
Books by George Elliott Clarke
Canadian poems
Verse novels
Novels set in Nova Scotia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Whylah%20Falls |
is a Japanese competitive figure skater. He is the 2006 Four Continents champion, a four-time Grand Prix Final medalist (silver in 2009 and 2010; bronze in 2006 and 2013), the 2005 World Junior champion and the 2008 Japanese national champion.
Personal life
Oda introduces himself as a direct descendant of Oda Nobunaga, a daimyō during Japan's Sengoku period who conquered most of Japan.
In April 2010, Oda married his longtime girlfriend, Mayu, and their son, Shintaro, was born on October 1, 2010. Originally scheduled for April 23, 2011, the wedding was postponed due to the rescheduling of the World Championships. Their second son was born on January 5, 2013. A third son was born in early autumn of 2016, and a daughter on October 22, 2019.
Oda has expressed interest in becoming a school teacher following the end of his skating career.
Career
Oda trained in Osaka, Japan with Noriko Oda and in Barrie, Ontario with Lee Barkell. He trained in Canada three or four times a year for 1½ months at a time, at the Mariposa School of Skating. He also formerly trained in Hackensack, New Jersey under coach Nikolai Morozov. Oda is known for his jumps and his smooth flow across the ice with deep knee bend.
Early career
In the 2001–2002 season, Oda placed 4th at the Japan Junior Championships. He was invited to compete at the senior Japan Championships, where he placed 16th.
Oda made his Junior Grand Prix debut on the 2002–2003 ISU Junior Grand Prix circuit. He won the silver medal in Slovakia behind Russian Alexander Shubin, who would go on to win the Junior Grand Prix Final that season. Oda finished 7th at the event in Italy. He won the bronze medal at Japan Junior Championships and was invited to the senior Japan Championships, where he placed 4th.
In the 2003–2004 season, Oda won two medals on the 2003–2004 Junior Grand Prix and qualified for his first and only time to the Junior Grand Prix Final, where he placed 8th. He placed 2nd at Junior Championships and qualified for the team to the 2004 World Junior Championships, where he placed 11th. He placed 5th at the Japan Championships.
In the 2004–2005 season, Oda again competed on the 2004–2005 Junior Grand Prix circuit and won the bronze medal in Ukraine behind compatriot Yasuharu Nanri and American Dennis Phan, both of whom would go on to medal at the Junior Grand Prix Final. Oda won the Japan Junior Championships and won the bronze medal at Japan Championships. He went on to win the 2005 World Junior Championships.
2005–2007: Senior international debut
Oda turned senior for the 2005-2006 Olympic year, when he was guaranteed a senior Grand Prix assignment after he won the World Junior Championships. Oda made a splash immediately as a senior, winning the bronze medal at his first event and winning the 2005 NHK Trophy over favorites Daisuke Takahashi and reigning world bronze medalist Evan Lysacek. Oda qualified for the 2005–2006 Grand Prix Final and placed fourth.
Oda was proclaimed the winner of the Japan Championships ahead of Takahashi, until a glitch in the computer software was discovered and he fell to second place; he had done too many combinations. The Japanese federation decided to split the international assignments between Oda and declared-winner Daisuke Takahashi, sending Oda to the 2006 World Championships, and Takahashi to the Olympics, in as much as Japan had only one spot for each competition after the withdrawal of Takeshi Honda from the 2005 World Championships and Takahashi's 15th-place finish at that competition. Oda placed fourth at his first World Championships, earning Japan two spots to the 2007 Worlds.
The following season, Oda placed 1st at 2006 Skate America over American Evan Lysacek, and he finished 2nd at the 2006 NHK Trophy to compatriot Daisuke Takahashi. He qualified for the Grand Prix Final and won the bronze medal. At the Japan Championships, Oda won the silver medal for the second consecutive year. He went on to compete at the 2007 Winter Universiade in Torino, Italy, where he won the silver. At the 2007 World Championships, held in Tokyo, Oda once again performed too many combinations and placed 7th overall.
Arrest
On July 26, 2007, Oda was arrested by the Osaka prefectural police for driving his moped under the influence of alcohol. Oda apologized for this infraction. Due to this incident, Oda was promptly removed from the cast of an upcoming ice show in Japan.
On August 2, 2007, the Japan Skating Federation, itself wracked by scandal, announced that it had suspended Oda from national competition until the end of October and from international competition and exhibitions until the end of December, effectively withdrawing him from his two Grand Prix assignments (Skate Canada and Trophée Eric Bompard), while allowing him to compete at Nationals and try to earn a spot to the 2008 World Championships. The federation also sentenced Oda to perform community service. Oda accepted the punishment meted out by the federation, and paid the fine of ¥100,000.
2008–2010: Vancouver Olympics
After sitting out the 2007–2008 Grand Prix season, Oda announced his withdrawal from the Japan Championships on December 24, 2007, citing mental stress.
Oda switched coaches to Nikolai Morozov in the spring of 2008. He began the 2008–2009 season at the 2008 Nebelhorn Trophy, which he won. He went on to the 2008 Karl Schäfer Memorial, which he also won. Oda was assigned to the 2008 NHK Trophy, and won that as well. Oda was not eligible for a second Grand Prix assignment and therefore could not qualify for the Grand Prix Final.
Oda won at the Japan Championships in December 2008. He, thus, qualified for the 2009 Four Continents and the 2009 World Championships, where he finished 4th and 7th respectively. He landed his only quad (toe) of the season at Worlds.
Oda was assigned to the 2009 Trophée Eric Bompard and to the 2009 Cup of China in the 2009-2010 Grand Prix season, winning both. He was the top qualifier for the Grand Prix Final, where he claimed the silver medal behind Evan Lysacek. At the 2010 Japanese National Championships Oda won the silver medal behind Daisuke Takahashi. That placement earned him a spot to compete at the 2010 Winter Olympics and the 2010 World Championships.
At the 2010 Winter Olympics, Oda scored 84.85 in the short program. In the free skate, he experienced a fall resulting from a broken lace, and was given three minutes to fix his boot with a two-point penalty. Upon resuming the long program, Oda landed a final double Axel and scored 153.69 in that segment of the event, ultimately placing 7th overall in men's singles. Oda then moved on to the 2010 World Championships, where he was considered a medal contender. However, he had a short program in which he performed only single jumps and thus failed to qualify for the free skating portion of the event.
Oda left his coach, Nikolai Morozov, at the end of the 2009–10 season, returning to former coach Lee Barkell.
2010–2014
For the 2010–11 Grand Prix season, Oda was assigned to the 2010 Skate Canada International and to the 2010 Skate America. He won the silver medal at both events, finishing behind Patrick Chan at Skate Canada and Daisuke Takahashi at Skate America. He qualified for the 2010–11 Grand Prix Final where he won the silver medal. At the 2011 World Championships, he was second after the short program but dropped to sixth overall after the long program in which he did an extra triple toe, resulting in a loss of about 13 points.
In May 2011, Oda was diagnosed with a partial tear of his left patella tendon in his left knee, requiring six weeks of complete rest.
Oda began the next season at 2011 Cup of China, winning the silver medal. He was 7th at 2011 Trophee Eric Bompard. He withdrew from his national championships due to his left knee injury. No surgery was required but he needed time to heal. He was subsequently not named to the team for the 2012 World Championships.
Oda began the 2012–2013 season by winning gold at the 2012 Nebelhorn Trophy. He went on to win the bronze medal at 2012 Skate America and placed fifth at 2012 Rostelecom Cup. This did not qualify him for the Grand Prix Final. He went on to place fourth at Nationals, and thus was not named to the 2013 World Championships team. He went on to compete at the Bavarian Open, which he won.
In 2013–2014, Oda started off his season once again at the Nebelhorn Trophy, winning the title for the second straight year. During the Grand Prix series, he took bronze at the 2013 Skate Canada and silver at the 2013 NHK Trophy. He was named first alternate to the Grand Prix Final, and was called up when his fellow countryman and the defending champion, Daisuke Takahashi, pulled out due to a leg injury. Oda won the bronze medal after placing third in both segments of the competition.
Oda finished fourth at the 2014 Japanese Nationals and was named to the 2014 Four Continents team, but not to the Olympic team. Shortly afterward, Oda announced his retirement from competitive skating.
Post–competitive career
After his eligible figure skating career, Oda became a professional skater and a TV personality. He voiced himself for a cameo appearance in the 2016 figure skating anime series Yuri on Ice.
In October 2017, Oda announced a desire to retire from official competitions, considering the 2017 Japan Open as the final one. At the Japan Open, he executed a quadruple toe loop-triple toe loop jump combination and a second quadruple toe loop jump with positive grades of execution. Oda is also a recurring cast member at the annual touring ice show Fantasy on Ice. In the 2016 edition of the show he performed a live music version of his short program "Storm" from the 2010–11 season in collaboration with the Yoshida Brothers.
In the spring of 2023, Oda was cast to play Usopp in the summer show, One Piece on Ice.
Programs
Post–2014
Pre–2014
Competitive highlights
2023-24 to present
Earlier career
References
External links
1987 births
Living people
Japanese male single skaters
People from Takatsuki, Osaka
Figure skaters at the 2007 Winter Universiade
Medalists at the 2007 Winter Universiade
Figure skaters at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Olympic figure skaters for Japan
Oda clan
Four Continents Figure Skating Championships medalists
World Junior Figure Skating Championships medalists
Academic staff of Kansai University
Kansai University alumni
Universiade medalists in figure skating
Figure skating commentators
FISU World University Games gold medalists for Japan
Universiade silver medalists for Japan
Competitors at the 2011 Winter Universiade
Fantasy on Ice main cast members | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nobunari%20Oda |
Picture Book is the debut album by British pop and soul group Simply Red, released in October 1985. It contains the US number-one single "Holding Back the Years", and a cover of The Valentine Brothers' "Money's Too Tight (to Mention)". Three more singles were released from the album: "Come to My Aid", "Jericho", and "Open Up the Red Box".
The album helped Simply Red earn a 1987 Grammy nomination for Best New Artist. "Holding Back the Years" was also nominated for Best Pop Performance by a Duo or Group With Vocals.
A special version of the album was released on the then new Compact Disc + Graphics, or CD+G format which when played on a suitable CD player, 4 bit raster graphic images, text and animations would also be displayed on a connected TV screen.
Critical reception
In The Village Voice, Robert Christgau wrote that there were essentially "only two songs on this album", "Money’s Too Tight (to Mention)" and "Heaven", but that Hucknall and the band carry off the album "on mood and groove alone".
Reviewing the 1996 re-release for Q, Nick Duerden described Picture Book as "the most accomplished debut of its year". He said of Hucknall, "With the most prodigious voice this side of Motown and a burning socialist heart, here he infuses everything with a passion that he's rarely matched since."
William Ruhlmann, in a retrospective review in AllMusic, felt that Simply Red produced "a steady R&B groove reminiscent of '60s Stax house band the MG's" and that Hucknall was a "big-voiced soul singer". In the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die, Andy Robbins attributed the record's commercial success in both America and the UK to "Holding Back the Years", which he feels is Hucknall's best vocal performance. Robbins noted rock and jazz sounds, along with soul influences.
Commercial performance
The album was commercially successful, appearing in the top 30 album charts of twelve countries, and achieving platinum certification sales in four countries, including the United States and United Kingdom.
Track listing
2008 Collector's Edition bonus tracks
Disc two, DVD: Live at Montreux Jazz Festival (8 July 1986)
"Grandma's Hands" (Bill Withers)
"Sad Old Red" (Hucknall)
"Open Up the Red Box" (Hucknall)
"The Right Thing" (Hucknall)
"No Direction" (Hucknall, Fryman)
"I Won’t Give Up" (Hucknall)
"Holding Back the Years" (Hucknall, Neil Moss)
"Picture Book" (Hucknall, Fritz McIntyre)
"Love Fire" (Bunny Wailer)
"Jericho" (Hucknall)
"I Won't Feel Bad" (Hucknall, McIntyre, Tim Kellett, Chris Joyce, Tony Bowers, Sylvan Richardson)
"Suffer" (Hucknall, Lamont Dozier)
"Infidelity" (Hucknall, Dozier)
"Money's Too Tight (to Mention)" (John Valentine, William Valentine)
"Come to My Aid" (Hucknall, McIntyre)
"Jericho" [Instrumental] (Hucknall)
"Heaven" (Byrne, Harrison)
"Move on Out" (Hucknall)
"Look at You Now" (Hucknall)
Personnel
Simply Red
Mick Hucknall – lead and backing vocals, acoustic piano
Fritz McIntyre – keyboards, backing vocals
Tim Kellett – keyboards, trumpet, live backing vocals
Sylvan Richardson – guitars
Tony Bowers – bass
Chris Joyce – drums, percussion
Guest Musicians
David Fryman – guitars (8), backing vocals (8)
Ronnie Ross – baritone saxophone (2, 4, 5)
Ian Dickson – tenor saxophone (2, 4, 5)
Francis Foster – congas (1, 3)
Production
Producer – Stewart Levine
Engineered and mixed by Femi Jiya
Assistant engineer – Chris Dickie
Mastered by Arun Chakraverty at Master Room (London, England)
CD mastering – Barry Diament
Sleeve design – Peter Barrett
Front cover photo – Simon Fowler
Back cover photo – Malcolm Heywood
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications and sales
}
}
}
}
}
}
References
External links
Simply Red official website album page
Picture Book (Adobe Flash) at Radio3Net (streamed copy where licensed)
1985 debut albums
Simply Red albums
Albums produced by Stewart Levine
Elektra Records albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Picture%20Book%20%28Simply%20Red%20album%29 |
Pedro de Ursúa (1526 –January 1, 1561) was a Spanish conquistador from Baztan in Navarre. He is best known for his final trip with Lope de Aguirre in search for El Dorado, where he found death in a plot.
He was born in Arizkun, Baztan, to a Beaumont family who supported the Spanish occupation of Navarre, benefiting directly from the Navarrese loyalist defeat at Amaiur in July 1522.
In Panama, Ursúa subdued a Cimarron (ex-slave) revolt by tricking Cimarron leader Bayano into coming unprepared to negotiate a truce. He then captured Bayano and sent him back to King Philip II of Spain. Together with Ortún Velázquez de Velasco, Pedro de Ursúa founded the city of Pamplona, New Kingdom of Granada, on November 1, 1549.
Ursúa later searched the Amazon region for El Dorado with Lope de Aguirre. When Ursúa would not allow Aguirre's mistress on the expedition, Aguirre conspired with another officer, Fernando de Guzman, to use this rejection as a pretext to start a riot in which they assassinated Ursúa and seized power.
Pedro de Ursúa in fiction
A fictional version of Ursúa and Aguirre's story is depicted in the Werner Herzog film, Aguirre, der Zorn Gottes and in the Carlos Saura film El Dorado.
The novel Ursúa by William Ospina has become one of the main references concerning Pedro de Ursúa. The book provides details about the life of Ursúa and makes a general account of the events happening in the New World during the mid 16th century.
Gallery
See also
List of conquistadors in Colombia
El Dorado
Muzo
References
Further reading
External links
Translation of Illustrated Encyclopedia of the Basque Country article on Lope de Aguirre – contains large segment on Ursúa's Dorado expedition
Pedro de Ursua at Artehistora.com
El Asesinato de Pedro de Ursua
1526 births
1561 deaths
Spanish conquistadors
Explorers of Amazonia
People from Baztán (comarca)
16th century in Colombia
16th-century people from the Kingdom of Navarre | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pedro%20de%20Urs%C3%BAa |
WPYK (104.1 FM) is a radio station licensed to Portsmouth, Ohio. The station became notable when it stayed on air during the floods in Portsmouth in 1937, giving up-to-the-minute news and announcements to those separated and weary from the floods. In the 1960s, the then-WPAY-FM started to play country music on its FM while its AM sister station was reassigned to have a news-talk format. The AM signed off the air on June 3, 2011 after 80 years. WPYK is currently a K-Love affiliate station broadcasting a Contemporary Christian format and is owned by Educational Media Foundation.
WPYK has one of the most powerful radio antennas in Southern Ohio and had one of the tallest radio towers, standing over 200 meters high overlooking the Ohio River in Kentucky. Due to the station having an ERP of 100,000 watts, its signal can be heard as far away as Columbus, Ohio, Beckley, West Virginia, Lexington, Kentucky and Cincinnati, Ohio. This tower collapsed from the weight of the ice during an ice storm on February 19, 2003, and put the station off the air for a couple of days. The fall of this tower not only put out WPAY radio, but all of Scioto county public safety communication services. All services were restored by nightfall, February 21, 2003. In 2006 a new tower just to the southwest of Portsmouth and the location of their old tower was built. It is 356 meters tall, or 450 meters above average terrain and features an ERI brand 12-bay directional antenna spaced at a half-wavelength.
Switch to Public Radio
Beginning on February 1, 2011, WPAY-FM, along with its then-sister station WPFB-FM 105.9 in Middletown, Ohio, began simulcasting the signal of Northern Kentucky University-owned WNKU. At that time, WPAY-FM switched from a country format to an adult album alternative (AAA) format. While this management and format change was initially completed under a management operating agreement, NKU assumed ownership of both stations once approval was received from the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). WPAY's AM station was not included in the sale, and continued to broadcast conservative talk programming until closing down at 2 p.m. on June 3, 2011, due to the station's entire staff being terminated as a result of the sale of WPAY-FM. The sale was approved by the FCC on June 20, 2011 and the station officially changed their call letters to WNKE on that date.
2017 sale and K-Love affiliation
In April 2016, citing state budget cuts to education, Northern Kentucky University announced that it would "explore the possibility of a sale of WNKU-FM and its assets". On February 14, 2017, NKU's board of trustees voted to approve the sale of the WNKE repeater to the Educational Media Foundation (owners of the K-Love and Air1 networks) for $750,000 plus 75% of the net sale proceeds of EMF-owned WEKV in South Webster, Ohio (ultimately receiving $97,500 of the proceeds of the sale of WEKV to Somerset Educational Broadcasting Foundation of Somerset, Kentucky). This was done at the same time the sale of WNKU's license and transmitter site to the Bible Broadcasting Network was approved for $1.9 million. The stations continued to be operated by NKU as WNKU until the sales were approved by the Federal Communications Commission.
On July 28, 2017, WNKU announced on their Facebook page that the sales of WNKU and WNKE had been approved by the FCC. It was also announced that the last day of WNKU broadcasting on WNKE would be on Wednesday, August 2, 2017. At midnight on Thursday, August 3, 2017, the station officially changed format to Contemporary Christian, adopting the K-Love branding and identifying under its original WPAY-FM call sign. The station changed its call sign to the current WPYK on March 1, 2018, transferring the WPAY-FM call sign to the owners of the former WOKE as part of their format change to country music.
Previous logos
References
External links
Scioto County, Ohio
K-Love radio stations
Educational Media Foundation radio stations
PYK | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WPYK |
Joan Baehler Bauer (born July 12, 1951) is an American writer of young adult literature currently residing with her husband Evan Bauer in Brooklyn. Bauer was born in River Forest, Illinois. They are the parents of one daughter, Jean. Before becoming a famous author Joan spent years working for McGraw-Hill and the Chicago Tribune. She also did some work in advertising, marketing, and screenwriting.
Themes
The main characters in her books are typically teenagers who are dealing with complicated family issues, such as alcoholism, abandonment, illness, and self-esteem issues. These issues are lightened up with a light touch and humor. Bauer is well known for her enjoyable young adult fiction novels, which always feature bright covers with her name in mismatched colored letters.
Awards
She has received multiple awards and recognition for her work including: Delacorte Prize for First Young Adult Novel, 1992, for Squashed; Top Ten Best Books for Young Adults selection, American Library Association, 1999, for Rules of the Road; Newbery Honor Medal; Los Angeles Times Book Prize; Christopher Award; Golden Kite Award, Society of Children's Book Writers and Illustrators; Michigan Thumbs-Up! Award for Children's Literature; New England Booksellers Award; Literary Light Award, Boston Public Library.
Notable works
Squashed
Bauer's first book, Squashed, was set in rural Iowa. The novel features a sixteen-year-old named Ellie Morgan, whose life "would be almost perfect if she could just get her potentially prize-winning pumpkin to put on about 200 more pounds—and if she could take off 20 herself ... in hopes of attracting Wes, the new boy in town." The novel was published in 1992 by Delacorte Press, a Dell Publishing imprint. According to Delacorte, Squashed won its annual Prize for an Outstanding First Young Adult Novel.
Hope Was Here
The novel Hope Was Here was published by G. P. Putnam's Sons in 2000. The novel was one of four Newbery Honor Books, and runner-up for the 2001 Newbery Medal. The American Library Association award recognizes the year's most distinguished contribution to American children's literature; a distinct award for young-adult books had been introduced in 2000, the Michael L. Printz Award. Hope Was Here features Hope Yancey, a 16-year-old waitress in small-town Wisconsin. According to the Newbery Committee chair, "Bauer juggles story lines as well as Hope juggles plates, and the lessons of waitressing expand into lessons about the essentials of life."
Thwonk
Thwonk was published in 1996 by Bantam books. The novel features A.J. McCreary and her love interest Peter Terris. She encounters a real-life cupid who can only help her in one aspect of her life: either romantically, academically, or artistically. She knows she should use the wish to get into a prestigious art school but she has been obsessed with Peter for months which complicates her situation.
Peeled
Peeled was published in 2008 by Putnam Juvenile. The novel follows Hildy Biddle. She dreams of being a journalist. She writes for her school newspaper and is drawn to a haunted house in her town for a story. That is where her journey begins. There have been reported ghost sightings and the town is intrigued. Hidly is determined to get the big story no matter what the consequences.
Books
Squashed (Delacorte Press, 1992)
Thwonk (Delacorte, 1995) – a young-adult fantasy novel
Sticks (Delacorte, 1996)
Rules of the Road (G. P. Putnam's Sons, 1998) – Golden Kite Award, LA Times Book Prize
Backwater (Putnam, 1999)
Hope Was Here (Putnam, 2000) – a Newbery Honor Book
Stand Tall (Putnam, 2002)
Best Foot Forward (Putnam, 2005)
Peeled (Putnam, 2008)
Close to Famous (Vikings, 2011)
Almost Home (Viking, 2012)
Soar ( Jan, 2016)
Tell Me (Viking, 2014) – forthcoming September
References
External links
1951 births
20th-century American novelists
21st-century American novelists
American children's writers
American young adult novelists
Living people
Newbery Honor winners
Novelists from Illinois
American women novelists
Women writers of young adult literature
People from River Forest, Illinois
20th-century American women writers
21st-century American women writers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joan%20Bauer%20%28novelist%29 |
The North Coast Line is the primary rail route in the Mid North Coast and Northern Rivers regions of New South Wales, Australia, and forms a major part of the Sydney–Brisbane rail corridor.
The line begins at Maitland and ends at Roma Street railway station in Brisbane, although freight services terminate at the yard at Acacia Ridge on the outskirts of Brisbane. Along the way, the railway passes through the towns of Dungog, Gloucester, Wingham, Taree, Kendall, Wauchope, Kempsey, Macksville, Nambucca Heads, Urunga, Sawtell, Coffs Harbour, Grafton, Casino and Kyogle. After the standard gauge line ends at Acacia Ridge, it forms a dual gauge line into Brisbane, running alongside parts of the Beenleigh railway line.
Since the Main Northern Line was closed north of Armidale in 1988, the North Coast line is now the only route between Sydney and Queensland. With the closure of former branches to Dorrigo (1972) and Murwillumbah (2004) there are no operating branches off the line.
The Bonalbo branch from Casino was stillborn, with partial construction left incomplete.
At the NSW/Queensland border is a long tunnel called Border Tunnel. Immediately south of it was Border Loop, a short crossing loop, which is now closed. About one kilometre south of that is the Cougal Spiral. These two locations are often confused.
The line is owned by the Transport Asset Holding Entity but leased to the Australian Rail Track Corporation until 2064.
History
The first North Coast railway was opened between Murwillumbah, Byron Bay and Lismore in 1894 and extended to Casino in 1903 and Grafton in 1905. A branch line was built to Kyogle in 1910, it was extended to South Brisbane in 1930.
The line was built between 1905 and 1932, and when completed, bypassed the Main North line and provided a quicker route up the eastern seaboard. The development of the line was hampered by the many large rivers that flow through the North Coast. The line also features the Cougal Spiral, which is one of only two spirals in New South Wales.
A railway was built from Maitland to Paterson and Dungog in 1911. It was extended to Gloucester and Taree in 1913 and to Wauchope, Kempsey, Coffs Harbour and from Glenreagh to South Grafton (now Grafton station) in 1915. The gap between Coffs Harbour and Glenreagh, which contains five tunnels, was completed in 1922.
The Clarence River was the most difficult river to cross and it was not crossed until 1932. In the meantime, services were connected by rail ferry that carried the carriages across the river. The opening of the Grafton Bridge in 1932 completed the Sydney – Brisbane line as the first standard gauge inter-capital link.
The completion of the Sydney–Brisbane link saw the Casino–Murwillumbah line become a branch line. In 1930 a branch line had been added to Ballina but this closed in 1949. The Murwillumbah branch closed in 2004.
A picturesque branch was opened from Glenreagh to Dorrigo in 1924, but was difficult to maintain due to the steep terrain and high rainfall and it was closed in 1972 after a washaway. The Glenreagh to Ulong section is proposed for reopening as a heritage tourist railway by the Glenreagh Mountain Railway. The Dorrigo Steam Railway & Museum is also being set up in Dorrigo as a museum and working exhibit.
Passenger services
Current services
NSW TrainLink operates three daily XPT services from Sydney terminating at Grafton, Casino and Brisbane.
Historical services
The premier trains on the North Coast line were the two daily services to Brisbane, the Brisbane Limited and the Brisbane Express. The Limited was the fastest service, stopping only at major stations, while the Express operated as a sweeper service stopping at most stations north of Grafton and provided connections to services on the Murwillumbah branch. Air-conditioned Sleeping cars had operated on the Brisbane Limited from 1960. In April 1973 the Brisbane Express was withdrawn and replaced by the Gold Coast Motorail, operating to Murwillumbah. The North Coast Daylight Express and North Coast Mail operated to Grafton until they were both replaced in 1985 by a single Holiday Coast XPT train. Following the Booz Allen Hamilton review of 1989 which recommended severe rationalisation of country rail services, the Brisbane and Murwillumbah services were converted to XPT operation in February 1990, and a locomotive hauled Grafton Express service to Grafton introduced in June 1990. In November 1993 the Grafton Express was also converted to XPT operation.
Freight services
When the Main North Line was closed north of Armidale in 1988, super-freighters to Brisbane began using the North Coast Line, operated by the State Rail Authority, then National Rail. Today, freight services on the North Coast Line are operated by Pacific National and SCT Logistics. These superfreighters do not serve any of the towns they pass through - in the government railways era, there would be regular freight services to towns such as Kempsey, Grafton and Casino.
The only freight train that regularly services the North Coast Line is a cement and sugar train for Grafton, Operated by Pacific National.
Improvement Works
The North Coast Line has significant curvature, equivalent to turning through 150 circles – 75.5 to the right and 74.5 to the left heading north, the difference of one circle due to the Cougal Spiral in the Border Ranges. Of course the curves are unevenly distributed meaning that maximum speeds change hundreds of times usually within the range of and for freight trains.
The Australian Rail Track Corporation has recently resleepered the track with concrete sleepers, upgraded the signals and installed new loops to increase efficiency. In mid-2011 they eased about 58 sections of curves on the line, increasing line speed for the XPT and freight trains. The curve easing was done without land purchases, so the track changes would be minor, staying within the existing corridor.
Location list
This is a list of all the locations and crossing loops on the North Coast line.
See also
Rail transport in New South Wales
References
Bibliography
Mid North Coast
Railway lines opened in 1930
Standard gauge railways in Australia
Kyogle Council | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North%20Coast%20railway%20line%2C%20New%20South%20Wales |
Once Upon a Time is the seventh studio album by Scottish rock band Simple Minds, released in October 1985 by record label Virgin (A&M in the US).
Background
The album paired the group with music producer Jimmy Iovine. He had worked with artists featuring an aggressive guitar-based sound, including singer-songwriters Bruce Springsteen and Stevie Nicks, and he brought that approach to the band. Iovine particularly pushed frontman Jim Kerr, aiming for more energetic vocals.
Although already successful in their native U.K. and various countries in Europe and Oceania, Simple Minds had also recently become popular in the U.S., mainly due to the Keith Forsey and Steve Schiff-penned "Don't You (Forget About Me)". That track appeared on The Breakfast Club soundtrack and had become a No. 1 hit there. However, the band deliberately left the track off the album due to their reluctance to record it. Still, the bombastic pop rock sound proved influential in the construction of much of Once Upon a Time, particularly the arena-friendly single "Alive and Kicking". Once Upon a Time also shared many influences with their previous studio album, Sparkle in the Rain, which explored a similar songwriting style.
This was the first album without founding member, bassist Derek Forbes left the band after recording "Don't You (Forget About Me)". He would later rejoin the band in 1998 for the album, Neapolis.
Reception
Released on 21 October 1985 by record label Virgin (A&M in the US), Once Upon a Time topped the UK charts, and peaked at No. 10 on the US charts, spending five consecutive weeks in the Top 10 of Billboard and 16 weeks in the Top 20.
Four singles were taken from the album: "Alive and Kicking" (UK No. 7, US No. 3), "All the Things She Said" (UK No. 9, US No. 28), "Sanctify Yourself" (UK No. 10, US No. 14), and "Ghost Dancing" (UK No. 13).
Music critic MacKenzie Wilson has retrospectively praised the album for AllMusic, stating that it provided listeners with a "raw energy and solid composition not entirely captured on previous albums." He also particularly lauded singles "Alive and Kicking" and "Sanctify Yourself."
Armond White at Spin said, "Every cut is neat and punchy pomp in the name of Bono. Kerr works up a cheerleader rock star's mechanical pep, displaying good-time intentions in the same dumb, obvious way. The album sucks up love, politics, and religion into a swirling vacuum of show-off musicianship."
Releases
Once Upon a Time was available with two covers upon its original LP release. The alternate cover uses the back image for the front and vice versa. It also moves the Simple Minds logo to the right of the cover. The two cover images fit together when placed side by side or above each other, and the release of the album in British record shops saw the two covers placed in a grid, alternating like the two colours on a chessboard. The album cover was standardised for the original CD release and this version has since been used for the various reissues of the album. A collectable picture disc LP was also produced. Housed in a luxury gatefold die-cut sleeve, the record featured the mottled gold effect of the sleeve. A unique lyrics sheet was also packaged in the gatefold. A magnetic jigsaw puzzle was also produced by Virgin Records to promote the album.
The album has been re-released in remastered form on several occasions, most recently in 2015. Virgin Records reissued the album as a remastered edition in 2002 (cardboard vinyl replica edition) and early 2003 (jewel-case). It was released on SACD in 2003. In 2005, Virgin released another reissue of the album: a DVD-Audio version (actually, the disc bears a DVD-Audio/Video logo), which is notable for being a completely remixed album. All the tracks were remixed in 5.1 surround sound, and additionally, a downmixed 2.0 stereo version was created for compatibility with non-surround DVD-Audio set-ups. The tracks on the remixed album differ in length in comparison to the original version. In most cases, they are longer than in the original mix. All the tracks on the remixed album contain material that has frequencies above the CD-Audio cut-off frequency, reaching beyond 30 kHz (a tribute to the original analogue multi-track tapes, and to the producers). In 2012, the original 8-track album was included in the box set 5 Album Set, which also included four other Simple Minds albums: Sons and Fascination, New Gold Dream (81-82-83-84), Sparkle in the Rain and Street Fighting Years. On 4 December 2015, multiple formats of the album were re-issued as Deluxe and Super Deluxe editions, including a Deluxe double CD digipack and a Super Deluxe 5 CD / 1 DVD boxset.
Track listing
Note
The 'deluxe edition' of Once Upon a Time consists of disc 1 (The Original Album) and disc 2 (B-Sides and Rarities).
The 'super deluxe edition' of Once Upon a Time consists of all 6 discs.
Personnel
Adapted from the album's liner notes.
Simple Minds
Jim Kerr – vocals
Charlie Burchill – guitars
Michael MacNeil – piano, synthesizers
Mel Gaynor – drums, backing vocals
John Giblin – bass
Additional personnel
Robin Clark – additional vocals
Michael Been – background vocals
The Simms Brothers – background vocals
Carlos Alomar – background vocals
Sue Hadjopoulos – percussion on "All the Things She Said"
Technical
Jimmy Iovine – producer
Bob Clearmountain – producer
Moira Marquis – engineer
Mark McKenna – engineer
Martin White – assistant engineer
Bob Ludwig – mastering
Mick Haggerty – artwork
Anton Corbijn – photography
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Singles
Certifications
References
External links
1985 albums
A&M Records albums
Albums produced by Bob Clearmountain
Albums produced by Jimmy Iovine
Simple Minds albums
Virgin Records albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Once%20Upon%20a%20Time%20%28Simple%20Minds%20album%29 |
Andrea Green is a British actress and presenter. She is known for her role as Sarah Finch in the BBC soap opera Doctors, for which she was awarded Best Newcomer at the 2005 British Soap Awards. Prior to this, Green was a continuity presenter on CITV.
Filmography
References
External links
British Soap Award for Best Newcomer winners
British soap opera actresses
British television presenters
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrea%20Green |
The Kernewek Lowender (officially the Kernewek Lowender Copper Coast Cornish Festival) is a Cornish-themed biennial festival held in the Copper Coast towns of Kadina, Moonta and Wallaroo on Yorke Peninsula, South Australia. 'Kernewek Lowender' means 'Cornish happiness' in the Cornish language. It is held in the late autumn starting on the second Monday of May, in odd-numbered years. The Kernewek Lowender claims to be the world’s largest Cornish Festival outside Cornwall.
Activities
The festival is held over seven days with the highlight being 'The Big Weekend', featuring three large fairs: the Village Green Fair, Fer Kernewek, and a Classic Cavalcade of Cars (with over 500 vintage cars and motorcycles). Traditional Cornish food, such as Cornish pasties and Swanky beer is served during the Festival. maypole performances, furry dancing, and the selection of a May Queen are also included. Other events include a street parade, a bake-off, the Gathering of the Bards and the Dressing of the Graves. The event has grown in popularity, and the 2013 (40th anniversary) festival attracted an estimated 37,000 people from intrastate, interstate and overseas, and included a record 43 events and 15 associated activities. As of 2017, the region now hosts more than 45,000 visitors during the festival. A number of participants also dress up in traditional costumes as Cornish Jacks and Cornish Jennies.
History
The festival was instigated by local businessmen such as Keith Russack, and Premier Don Dunstan in the early 1970s as an initiative to boost the then economically depressed Copper Coast. The original Cornish Festival committee formed Kernewek Lowender Incorporated in 1972, and chose the May long weekend for the festival. The first festival went ahead in 1973 with the assistance of a A$1000 grant from the South Australian government and exceeded the organisers' expectations. The region hosted 20,000 visitors during the festival, with 11,000 attending the Fer Kernewek (Cornish Fair) in Moonta, 15,000 visiting the Moonta Mines Museum, and 8,000 Cornish pasties consumed. Dunstan himself later recalled: "When I proposed the establishment of a Cornish Festival, in Australia's "Little Cornwall", people of Cornish descent came flocking."
Traditionally the festival culminated in a 3-day long weekend with events in each town for one day of the long weekend. However, when the Adelaide Cup Day public holiday was moved, difficulties were experienced in scheduling events with only two days for the three towns, and concerns were raised over whether Wallaroo received enough focus. Early in 2011, the ability to market Cornish pasties by that name at the festival was cast into doubt, following a trademark ruling by the European Commission. The Cornish pasty was awarded Protected Geographical Indication (PGI) status and it was unclear whether the European ruling would force Australian retailers to rename their pasty products to comply.
Festival dates
2011: 9–15 May
2013: 21–26 May
2015: 17–24 May
2017: 19–21 May
2019: 13–19 May
2021: 17–23 May
2023: 15–21 May
See also
List of festivals in Australia
Copper Coast
Cornish Australian
Cornish diaspora
Culture of Cornwall
References
External links
Kernewek Lowender website
Kernewek Lowender Cornish festival 2017 | Moonta (YouTube)
Yorke Peninsula website
Festivals established in 1973
Festivals in South Australia
Cornish-Australian culture
May events
Cornish festivals | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kernewek%20Lowender |
Richard Herbert Alban (January 17, 1929 – April 8, 2016) was an American football defensive back who played eight seasons for the Washington Redskins and Pittsburgh Steelers in the National Football League (NFL). Alban played college football at Northwestern University, where he was used at halfback and on defense.
Alban was drafted in the ninth round of the 1952 NFL Draft and started all 12 games for the Redskins his rookie year. His best season came in 1954, where he finished second in the league in interceptions with nine and was selected to his only Pro Bowl. He was traded to the Steelers in 1956 and retired after the 1959 campaign.
Early career
Alban was born in Hanover, Pennsylvania, and attended La Porte High School in La Porte, Indiana, where he graduated in 1948. While in La Porte, Alban was named to the United Press International All-State football team in 1946 and 1947. For his accomplishments, Alban was later inducted to the Indiana Football Hall of Fame in 1980.
Alban played college football for Northwestern between 1949 and 1951. Alban joined a team that won the Rose Bowl the previous year. He was injured at the start of his first season, however, Alban caught a 29-yard touchdown pass from quarterback Don Burson in a 38–20 victory against Colgate University on November 12.
He teamed up with Chuck Hren at halfback for the 1951 campaign. He rushed for 101 yards, including a 69-yard carry for a touchdown during an October 20 victory over Navy. He was selected to participate as a member of the East squad in the East–West Shrine Game and as a member of the North squad at the Senior Bowl at years' end.
NFL career
In 1954, Alban had nine interceptions and was selected to his only Pro Bowl. On April 24, 1956, Alban was traded to the Detroit Lions for Dick Stanfel. The Lions then traded him to the Pittsburgh Steelers for offensive tackle Dick Modzelewski. In 1958, Alban had five interceptions for 25 yards and a forced fumble. Three of the interceptions came in a 24–16 win against his old team the Redskins on November 2. He finished fourth in the league with six interceptions in 1959. During an October 11 loss against the Philadelphia Eagles, Alban returned an interception for 46 yards, the longest in his career. He announced his retirement at the end of the year.
He finished his career with 30 interceptions in 96 games played. He died on April 8, 2016, at the age of 87.
Later life
Alban later became an executive for an athletic clothing manufacturer in Memphis, Tennessee.
References
External links
1929 births
2016 deaths
American football cornerbacks
Players of American football from York County, Pennsylvania
Eastern Conference Pro Bowl players
Northwestern Wildcats football players
Sportspeople from Hanover, Pennsylvania
Pittsburgh Steelers players
Washington Redskins players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick%20Alban |
The stone louse (Petrophaga lorioti, in German Steinlaus) is a fictitious animal created by German humorist Loriot in 1976 to parody nature documentaries. It was primarily featured in a video sketch, as well as being a fictitious entry in the German medical encyclopedic dictionary Pschyrembel Klinisches Wörterbuch.
Characteristics
Loriot created a popular mockumentary titled The Stone-Louse, a parody of Ein Platz für Tiere ("A Place for Animals"), a longstanding TV series about endangered wildlife by the famous German zoologist and documentary filmmaker Dr. Bernhard Grzimek (ARD, 20.47-51). The mockumentary chronicles Loriot's 1976 "discovery" of the stone-louse.
The "science documentary" describes the stone-louse as a rodent-like mite in the order "Fictional Rodents", 20 to 24 mm ( to 1 in) long which consumes about of stone per day, depending on the density and tastiness of said stone. Loriot gives some deadpan comments on a filmed building implosion, mentioning the "shy rodent" to be at lunch in its natural habitat (before the implosion). As the building vanishes into dust and rubble in the background, Loriot caringly speaks about the "possierliche kleine Nager" ("endearing little rodents") and concludes with some "alarming" points about the endangered status of the entire species.
Publication in Pschyrembel
In 1983, the clinical dictionary Pschyrembel, from German scientific publisher Walter de Gruyter, contained information about the stone louse for the first time in printed form. The short article is thought to be based mainly on Loriot's TV documentary.
Extending Loriot's parody, the Pschyrembel informs about the louse's "value" in fighting bladder, gall and kidney stones. The subspecies "gallstone louse" and "kidney stone louse" are mentioned only briefly due to "lack of further scientific data".
In the 257th edition of the Pschyrembel, the authors omitted the fictitious entry. The following edition, in 1997, featured it again due to protests from readers and was presented on Frankfurt Book Fair as the correct "Steinlaus inside" version.
Recently discovered "insights" found their way into this new version, which even speculated about the stone louse's participation in the fall of the Berlin Wall, since the wall was mainly placed in areas "commonly inhabited by the stone louse". That theory was reinforced by "discoveries" that the stone louse might have been used by the Spartans to bring down the ancient Athenians' Long Walls. Other hypotheses connect the stone louse with the end of the Stone Age.
The Pschyrembel denies that the stone louse has become extinct, and refers to recent "sightings" by a local expert on stone lice, "Dr. Schlereth", at construction sites in Kronach, Bavaria. The 260th edition extends the article even further, referring to results in homeopathy.
Further publications and sightings
The fictional Member of Parliament Jakob Maria Mierscheid has contributed to the (fictional) 3. Hoechster Steinlaus-Symposium, XII (3) in Frankfurt.
A contribution to a Senckenberg Museum Symposium in Frankfurt in 1999 mentioned "dangers" posed by stone lice to the protection of architectural heritage and monuments.
Within Dortmund Zoo, some stone lice are "tended" and "on display".
Petrascheck's handbook of Lagerstättenlehre (ores and mineral resources) refers to weathering effects of the animal.
Iris Ritzmann Lithophagus entry in Enzyklopädie Medizingeschichte claims a predecessor, the Steinbiter or Lithophagus, mentioned already in Zedlers Universallexikon. She states a 19th-century use of homeopathic remedies, based on Lapis infernalis C 30 had resulted in the extinction of the species.
According to a scientific paper of Deutsche Bibliothek, a rough guess of the amount of stone lice in the neighborhood of German libraries amounted to 113.3 billion. The author, Dr. Florian Seiffert, assumes that after the fall of the Berlin Wall, stone lice sought another ecological niche and found it in libraries. The Berlin wall case has been confirmed as well in English sources.
The German Insurance Catalogue for the German Public Health Service (only the G-DRG Version 2003/2004) temporarily mentioned Stonelouse Parasitism on men as a possible illness and gave some indications about average treatment, cost tags and remedies. The Color Atlas of Pathology by Thieme Medical Publishers refers to Petrophaga lorioti as a therapeutic infestation that could be used in the management of stone disorders.
The municipality of Zürich has issued official guidance for citizens having trouble with stone lice.
References
External links
Pschyrembel, an extract of the Pschyrembel in German
German newspaper report about "real" sightings at the Stephansdom, Austria.
Pschyrembel official Stone Louse Blog (in German, including all versions of the entry and various further research)
Fictional insects
Fictitious entries
German humour | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stone%20louse |
Nyerereite is a very rare sodium calcium carbonate mineral with formula Na2Ca(CO3)2. It forms colorless, platey pseudohexagonal orthorhombic crystals that are typically twinned. It has a specific gravity of 2.54 and indices of refraction of nα=1.511, nβ=1.533 and nγ=1.535. Nyerereite is not stable in contact with the atmosphere and rapidly breaks down. Collection specimens must be kept in a sealed argon environment.
It has a Hermann–Mauguin notation of mm2 and the respective space group is Cmc21. In nature Nyerereite is naturally twinned and is pseudohexagonal with triad twinning; meaning that this is a six sided crystal that apparently has a hexagonal shape but is not in the hexagonal system. Triad twinning is the intergrowth of three orthorhombic crystals that turn at their center and form hexagonally shaped crystals. Nyerereite is biaxial negative, and has a 2v of 29 degrees. It shows a center acute bisectrix and a birefringence of approximately 0.023. At high temperatures or just erupted lava nyerereite is uniaxial and shows an interference color of second order blue when twinning is not present, and when twinning is there the interference color of nyerereite is first order grey.
Special characteristics
Since nyerereite is very unstable when it reaches the surface it creates pseudomorphs, which is basically the process by which the rock appearance and dimensions remain constant but the main mineral component is replaced by another. McKie (1976) categorized nyerereite into two different categories, high and low nyerereite. There are two types because the Ol Doinyo Lengai lavas are very soluble and hygroscopic; when they come in contact with water or the atmosphere, the lava changes physically and chemically. Therefore, when nyerereite is at high temperature or warm we have what McKie (1976) calls high nyerereite, but when it cools down and gets hydrated we have pirssonite that has a chemical formula of Na2Ca(CO3)2·2(H2O).
Occurrence and discovery
It was first recognized and described by J.B. Dawson from the Ol Doinyo Lengai carbonatite lavas of Arusha Region in 1963 and named in honor of the president of Tanzania, Julius Nyerere (1922-1999). In the carbonatite lava it is associated with the potassium-bearing gregoryite. It has also been reported from the Afrikanda alkaline intrusive complex, in the Kola Peninsula, Russia.
References
Bibliography
Dawson, J.B., (1962) The geology of Ol Doinyo Lengai. Bulletin of Volcanologique 24,348-387.
Simkin, T., (1994) Volcanoes of the world. Geoscience press. second edition, 20-35.
Carbonate minerals
Julius Nyerere
Orthorhombic minerals
Minerals in space group 36 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyerereite |
Sport in Pakistan is a significant part of Pakistani culture. Cricket is the most popular sport in Pakistan, while field hockey, polo, and squash are also popular. Traditional sports like kabaddi and other well-known games are also played.
The Pakistan Sports Board was created in 1962 by the Ministry of Education as a corporate body for the purposes of promoting and developing uniform standards of competition in sports in Pakistan comparable to the standards prevailing internationally, and regulating and controlling sports in Pakistan on a national basis. The Ministry of Culture, Sports and Tourism, now has control over the Pakistan Sports Board. The PSB controls all 39 sporting federations. The Pakistan Sports Board is supported by the Pakistan Sports Trust, which assists hard up players and associations so they can continue participating in sports.
Over recent years there has been an increase in sporting activity in Pakistan, with Pakistani sportsmen and women participating at many national and international events. Also, more international tournaments now take place in Pakistan. The size of the teams Pakistan sends, and the number of events they participate in, such as the Olympic Games, Asian Games, World Games, and Commonwealth Games has increased since the turn of the century.
National participation
Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the founder of Pakistan, had a great love for sport and fully realised the vital role it played in the development of nations and inculcation of discipline among the masses. In a meeting with the Organizing Committee of the First Pakistan Olympic Games held at Karachi, Jinnah told the first President of the Pakistan Olympic Association, Ahmed E.H.:
The first National Games were held at Polo Ground, Karachi from 23 to 25 April 1948. Sportsmen and officials from East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) and all the integrated Provincial units of West Pakistan took part in these games. The total number of athletes was 140. No competitors were, however, invited from any foreign country. Competitions were held in basketball, boxing, cycling, track and field, volleyball, weightlifting, and wrestling.
Over the years, Pakistan has been held back due to the lack of funds placed in sports. Many facilities are substandard, causing Pakistan to fall behind other nations. In its early years the young state had been able to compete with much success, but during the late 1970s, with the government no longer investing in athletics, the country could no longer compete.
However, since the late 1990s, this trend has changed. Money is now being placed into sports, and many of the federations are now managed by people who are trying to push Pakistani sportsmen and -women forward. International tournaments are now hosted in the country, and the nation sends athletes to compete abroad. There has also been restructuring of national tournaments, and new facilities and equipment are being provided. This has seen overall results improve.
On March 3, 2009, 12 militants with guns, grenades, and rocket launchers attacked a bus carrying the Sri Lanka national cricket team to a match at Lahore's Gaddafi Stadium in Pakistan. Six Pakistani policemen escorting the team and two civilians were killed while seven Sri Lankan players and an assistant coach were injured. Since the terrorist attacks, no foreign cricket teams toured Pakistan until 2015 when Zimbabwe toured for an away series. A month after the attack on the Sri Lankan team, the International Cricket Council relieved Pakistan of co-hosting duty for any 2011 Cricket World Cup games. Pakistan has tried to make the best of the situation by offering to host its "home" matches on neutral territory in the United Arab Emirates. However, due to a decrease in terrorism in Pakistan over the past few years, as well as an increase in security, many teams have toured Pakistan since 2015. These teams include Zimbabwe, Sri Lanka, West Indies, Bangladesh, South Africa, Australia and an ICC World XI team. In addition, the Pakistan Super League has seen games hosted in Pakistan.
The Pakistan Sports Board is a government institution whereas the Pakistan Olympic Association is working under the shelter of the International Olympic Committee. Due to government interference, the Pakistan Olympic Association is very close to getting a ban from participation in Olympic Games. Due to cold war, Pakistani sport is also suffering but, there is no hope to resolve this problem due to government level dictatorship.
Team sports
Cricket
Cricket is the most popular sport in Pakistan. Almost all districts and neighbourhoods in Pakistan have a cricket team and people start playing from a young age. Pakistan has won international cricket events, which include the 1992 Cricket World Cup, the 2009 ICC World Twenty20 and the 2017 ICC Champions Trophy besides finishing as runner-up in the 1999 Cricket World Cup, 2007 ICC World Twenty20 and the 2022 T20 World Cup. Pakistan also won the ACC Asia cup in 2000 and 2012 and all three versions of the Austral-Asia Cup.
Pakistan's cricket teams take part in domestic competitions such as the Quaid-e-Azam Trophy, the Patron's Trophy, ABN-AMRO Twenty-20 Cup, and the ABN-AMRO Champions Trophy. Pakistan Cricket Board also organize a franchise based T20 cricket league known as the Pakistan Super League.
International Test and one-day matches are played between the Pakistan national cricket team and foreign opponents regularly. Women's cricket is also very popular, with Kiran Baluch holding the current record of the highest score in a women's test match with her innings of 242. The Pakistan Cricket Board controls both the men's and women's games. The 2020 Pakistan Super League events was hosted entirely by Pakistan.
Notable cricketers from Pakistan include Aaqib Javed, Ramiz Raja, Shoaib Akhtar, Younis Khan, Saqlain Mushtaq, Mushtaq Ahmed, Abdul Qadir, Wasim Akram, Zaheer Abbas, Javed Miandad, Saeed Anwar, Muhammad Yousaf, Inzamam-ul-Haq, Waqar Younis, Shahid Afridi, the Mohammad brothers (Hanif, Mushtaq, Sadiq and Wazir) and Imran Khan. Hanif Mohammad, Imran Khan, Javed Miandad, Wasim Akram, Waqar Younis, Zaheer Abbas and Abdul Qadir have been named in the ICC Cricket Hall of Fame. Saeed Anwar's 194 runs against India in 1997 remained the record for most runs by a batsman in an ODI for 13 years which was equalled by Zimbabwe's Charles Coventry against Bangladesh in 2009 and then broken by India's Sachin Tendulkar who hit 200* against South Africa in 2010. Shoaib Akhtar holds the record of delivering the fastest delivery in the history of cricket, bowling at a speed of 163km/h (100.2mph) to Nick Knight agianst England at the 2003 World Cup. Shahid Afridi holds numerous records i.e. the 3rd fastest century in ODIs, the highest number of sixes in international cricket. Wasim Akram at the time of his retirement had taken the most wickets in ODIs. Muhammad Yousuf has scored the most Test runs in a calendar year.
Field hockey
The Pakistan Hockey Federation (PHF) is the national governing body of field hockey in Pakistan. The Pakistan Hockey Federation Women Wing (PHFWW) is the official organisation of women's field hockey in Pakistan.
The Pakistan national field hockey team has won 3 gold medals at the Olympic Games, and lifted the Hockey World Cup 4 times, being the country with most World Cups till the present. It has also won the most Asian gold medals, and is the only Asian team to have won the prestigious Champions Trophy with 3 titles. It used to be consistently ranked among the top teams in the world. However, lately there has been a decline in results, with the national team failing to qualify for both the 2016 and 2020 Olympics. The hockey team also failed to qualify for 2023 World cup. Also, because of the PHF's poor economy, there was a span of two years without any international matches netween 2019 and 2021. PHF secretary lamented over lack of funding could even ban Pakistan hockey team. As of December 2022 the team is ranked 16th in the world. Notable players include World-Record holder Waseem Ahmad, Mohammed Saqlain, and Sohail Abbas.
Football
Pakistan is known as the manufacturer of the official FIFA World Cup ball. Yet, as in most parts of South Asia, football is not especially popular in Pakistan. As on 31 March 2023 Pakistan Men's team is ranked 195 as per FIFA ranking. The Pakistan Football Federation (PFF) is the governing body in Pakistan.
The origin of football in Pakistan can be traced back to mid-nineteenth century when the game was introduced during the British Raj. Initially, games were played between army teams. However, clubs were soon set up around the country. One of the regional federations to organise football on what is now Pakistan Territory was the North-West India Football Association, in which clubs from the city of Lahore and the surrounding region were active. Kohat FC was the first club to be established in 1930, it became the first outstation team to win the North-West India Football Championship 1937 in 1937 defeating Government College Lahore 1–0 in the finals. The first female club to be established was Diya W.F.C. in 2002.
Shortly after the creation of Pakistan in 1947, the Pakistan Football Federation (PFF) was created, and Muhammad Ali Jinnah became its first Patron-in-Chief. PFF received recognition from FIFA in early 1948. The annual National Championship was organized shortly after. In 1950, the national team gained their first international experience in Iran and Iraq.
The Pakistan Football Federation Women Organizing Committee (PFFWOC) is responsible for women's football in Pakistan. In 2004, the Pakistan Premier League was established; it is the first division of Pakistani football. The Pakistan National Football Challenge Cup is the national "knockout" cup competition in Pakistani football, run by the Pakistan Football Federation. The Pakistan National Women's Football Championship is the annual women's championship.
Australian Rules Football
Australian rules football was established in Pakistan in 2014 with support from the Australian High Commission. The governing body is the Australian Rules Football Federation of Pakistan.
Teams were established in Islamabad, Rawalpindi, Multan and Gujranwala. It is currently strongest in the Swat Valley, where a large competition operates and draws large enthusiastic crowds. A women's team was formed in 2017. A major national tournament was organised in 2018. Australia sent a coach to assist Pakistan in 2019 however the sport's rapid growth in popularity was greatly outpacing local officials ability to support it. 10 of Pakistan's more than 15 clubs contested the 2021 AFL Pakistan National Championships in Islamabad.
Pakistan sent a team to the Asian Championship in 2022, however met some roadblocks to participation due to funding. Despite challenges sending a team, it won the Division 3 title. In 2022 AFL Asia reported that Pakistan was the largest and fastest growing nation for the sport in Asia with over 5,000 players with a 45% annual increase in participation. The Pakistan national side are known as the Dragoons.
Ball hockey
The Pakistan national ball hockey team is primarily composed of Canadian Pakistanis, born in Canada or with links to that nation. The sport is growing in the South Asian community there. Pakistan competed for the first time at the World Championships in 2009. They finished 3rd out of 4 in Group B behind only Bermuda and ice hockey giants Finland, and ahead of Cayman Islands. In the next world championships, they also participated and were champions of their group after defeating France in extra time. The Pakistan national ball hockey team is developing and improving, and in 2013 were awarded Pool A status, competing for gold in St. John's, Newfoundland.
Baseball
In 2006, Pakistan Federation Baseball hosted the 7th Asian Baseball Championship, and again from 2010 through 2017, with the national team winning the tournament from 2010 through 2015.
Basketball
Basketball was introduced to Pakistan around 1900 and is especially popular in Lahore and Karachi. The Pakistan Basketball Federation has been part of FIBA since 1958. Six teams play in the Pakistan first division. The National Women Basketball Championship is the Women's Basketball tournament.
Handball
Handball was first played in 1984 in an exhibition event, and was taken up by the Pakistan Olympic Association. The Pakistan Handball Federation is a member of the Asia Handball Federation. In beach handball, Pakistan is ranked first in Asia.3rd World Beach Handball Championship held from 9 to 13 July 2008 in Cadiz, Spain. Pakistan obtained 5th position and qualified for the World Games. Pakistan Handball team won one Gold medal in the 11th South Asian Games 2010, Dhaka, Bangladesh. Pakistan obtained one silver medal during IHF Challenge Trophy 2010 held in Dhaka. Pakistan also participated in the Beach Handball World Cup in 2008. Pakistan won the gold medal at the first Beach Asian Games in Bali, Indonesia.
Ice hockey
Pakistan has an ice hockey team but it is not part of the IIHF. Pakistan applied for a membership but the congress postponed it until it had a better structure. However, Pakistan has deep roots in ice hockey in the northern parts of Gilgit-Baltistan province.
The first hockey game in Pakistan took place in December 2018 in Naltar between the Pakistan Air Force and Gilgit Scouts. Baltistan Ice Hockey Championship 2022 was held in Skardu on January 25-26, with teams named after glaciers, to raise awareness about climate change.
Rugby union
The Pakistan Rugby Union was formally established in 2000 and gained memberships with the Asian Rugby Football Union in 2000. In 2003, Pakistan fielded a national team for the first time, participating in the Provincial Tournament in Sri Lanka. In November 2004, it participated in the 19th Asian championship in Hong Kong. The Pakistan Rugby Union then became an associate member of the International Rugby Board (IRB).
There are three major clubs in Pakistan, which include Islamabad Rugby Football Club (IRFC) also known as the "JINNS", Lahore Rugby Football Club (LRFC), and Karachi Rugby Football Club (KRFC).
The latest landmark for Pakistan rugby is that universities like Lahore University of Management and Sciences (LUMS) and Bahria University Islamabad have formed teams as well.
Volleyball
Volleyball is a popular sport in the Pakistan Armed Forces. Inter-services games are played regularly, and most players of the Pakistani volleyball team are from the armed forces. This game is also gaining popularity among private school students in Karachi and Islamabad.
Pakistan Volleyball Federation is the governing body of Volleyball in Pakistan.
Equestrian sports
Equestrianism had traditionally been limited to the upper-echelon of Pakistani society up until the end of the 20th century. This resulted in private sponsorship and government funding (PST) for the sport. Pakistan Eventing was launched in July 2005 in partnership with The Equestrian & Tent Pegging Federation of Pakistan with an attempt to qualify Pakistan to its first Olympic equestrian qualification.
Polo
Polo is believed to have originated in Persia, and continues to be an important sport within the country with several large annual competitions.
The annual Shandur Polo Festival at Shandur Top in Chitral District is an international event attended by enthusiasts from all over the world. The Shandur polo ground at Shandur Pass is the world's highest, at approximately . The governing body of polo in Pakistan is the Pakistan Polo Association. There are more than twenty-one polo clubs in Pakistan and over forty polo championships held all over the country every year. Pakistan has qualified for the preliminary rounds of the World Polo Championship three times. Pakistan's Hissam Ali Haider is the highest capped played in the Asian circuit. He has played for Cartier in the St. Moritz Snow Polo World Cup and the Commonwealth team in the Royal Salute Coronation Cup, both of which were won by his team.
Tent pegging
Tent pegging is a popular sport in Pakistan. It is also locally named as neza bazi. The Equestrian & Tent Pegging Federation of Pakistan, formed in 2014, is the highest governing body who organises the sport in Pakistan. There are various clubs across the country who also organise an event as well. The sport is the major event of National Horse & Cattle Show held at Fortress Stadium Lahore. Pakistanis compete in various international events notably the World Cup which commenced in 2014.
Malik Ata Muhammad Khan is one of the founders of International Tent Pegging Federation to address the Fédération Equestre Internationale (FEI), where he also served as Vice President.
Racquet sports
Badminton
The Pakistan national badminton team represents Pakistan in international badminton team competitions. It is controlled by the Pakistan Badminton Federation, the governing body for badminton in Pakistan. The national team was established in 1953.
In 1979, Pakistan participated in the World Championships organised by the WBF, which was a rival body of the Badminton World Federation that would later ceased its operation on May 26, 1981, and merged with the International Badminton Federation (now known as Badminton World Federation or BWF). They won a bronze and a silver at the event, in men's team and men's singles.
Pakistan had only appeared in the international stage three times as they were eliminated in the group stage in the 1993, 1995 and 1997 edition of the Sudirman Cup.
The nation would make its first badminton debut in the Olympics when national player Mahoor Shahzad represented the country in the women's singles discipline.
The team would later participate in the 2022 Commonwealth Games mixed team event through a bipartite invitation.
Pakistan earned its first Olympic Badminton Qualification after receiving a tripartite invitation for the 2020 Tokyo Summer Olympics. Thus, Mahoor Shahzad became the first Pakistani badminton player to compete at the Olympic Games.
Squash
Squash is a popular sport that has a large following in Pakistan, with Pakistan dominating the sport for a period of time. The World Open professional championship was inaugurated in 1976 and serves as the main competition today.
Jansher Khan won the World Open eight times, and the British Open six times. From 1990 until 1996, he remained unbeaten in 81 matches for consecutive six years. This longest-winning matches streak in Squash history was recorded by Guinness World Records. Jahangir Khan won the World Open title six times, and the British Open title ten times (1982–1991), and is widely regarded as the greatest squash player of all time, and one of the greatest sportsmen in Pakistan history. From 1981 to 1986, Khan was unbeaten and during that time won 555 consecutive matches – the longest winning streak by any athlete in top-level professional sport as recorded by Guinness World Records.
Combined they have won 14 world opens, making Pakistan the most decorated Squash nation in the world. Pakistani players have won the Squash World Open 17 times, and British Open 12 times, the highest by any nation.
Carla Khan, one of Pakistan's most successful sportswomen, is one of a number of men and women who represent Pakistan. The Pakistan Squash Federation is the governing body in the country. The Pakistan Open tournament is one of the premier events of the sport in the country. Every province of the country holds its own men's and women's championships. Some other notable players from Pakistan include Hashim Khan, Torsam Khan, Mobillah Khan, and Qamar Zaman.
Table tennis
The Pakistan Table Tennis Federation runs the sport in the country. Farjad Saif is the first player in Pakistan Table Tennis history to represent the country in the olympics, participating in the 1988 Seoul Games. He did exceedingly well eventually ending the Olympic games with a ranking of 25th in the world. He also holds a record 13 national titles also being the only individual to win the title 7 times in a row.
The Pakistan women's national table tennis team in 1972, it competed in the inaugural ATTU Asian Table Tennis Championships held in Beijing, China.
Tennis
Tennis is a very popular sport and Pakistanis compete in various international events. The Pakistan Tennis Federation (PTF) organise the game in the country. Khawaja Saeed Hai was the first Pakistani to reach a Grand Slam tournament, playing at Wimbledon, the US Open, and the French Open where he made it to the third round. Haroon Rahim was a very successful player, he was the winner of a number of ATP Singles and Doubles titles. Lately, Aisam-ul-Haq created history in Pakistani tennis, as he reached the finals of 2010 US Open – Men's Doubles and 2010 US Open – Mixed Doubles.
The Pakistan Davis Cup team have previously reached the world group play-offs, with the help of Aisam-ul-Haq Qureshi, currently Pakistan's number one, and Aqeel Khan, the number two. Tennis events are very rare in Pakistan and there is hardly an international tennis event, apart from ATP tournaments.
Individual sports
Athletics
The Athletics Federation of Pakistan (AFP) organises athletic tournaments in Pakistan. Pakistani athletes compete in various athletic events. Some Pakistani athletes have excelled in various events in the distant past including Abdul Khaliq, Ghulam Raziq, Mubarak Shah, John Permal, Muhammad Talib, Ahmed Sajjad Cheema, Abid Hussain, Arshad Saleem, Arshad Nadeem, Ali Kamani and Nawaz, Mohammad Alam, and Muhammad Younis are some of the athletes who got prominence at either Asian or International levels, or both, winning gold medals for Pakistan. In the early decades, Pakistanis held many Asian records including the Asian 100 m and 200 m record held by Abdul Khaliq. Pakistani female athletes have also represented Pakistan at international level, such as Shabana Akhtar, who was the first Pakistani female athlete to participate at the Olympics. International events such as the Lahore Marathon take place in the country.
Arshad Nadeem, a Pakistani javelin thrower created a new national and Commonwealth Games record with a throw of 90.18 m and became the first ever athlete from South Asia to breach the 90m mark.
Billiards and snooker
Snooker is one of the rising sports in Pakistan, and it has been taken up by many people. There has been success at the international level; Mohammed Yousuf was the 1994 IBSF World Snooker Champion and the 2006 IBSF World Masters Champion; and Shokat Ali is the Pakistan number one player and an Asian Games Gold medalist. The Pakistan Billiards Snooker Association (PBSA) was formed in 1958.
Bowling
Pakistan Tenpin Bowling Federation is affiliated with Asian Bowling Federation and World Bowling. The Federation is affiliated with Pakistan Sports Board.
Chess
In Pakistan, chess is played throughout the country, mostly in Mughal style which is slightly different from the international style, but the Chess Federation of Pakistan (CFP) organises its tournaments in international style and according to the established rules. The FIDE has awarded the International Master title to Shahzad Mirza and Mahmood Lodhi. Ironically being 5th most populated country, Pakistan so far has 0 grandmasters.
Cycling
The Pakistan Cycling Federation is the governing body of cycling in Pakistan. The Tour de Pakistan International Cycling Race starts from Karachi and ends in Peshawar, with about 150 domestic and international cyclists taking part every year. This race is among the largest of such events in Asia, covering a distance of 1,648 km in eleven stages with four days of rest en route. Teams from WAPDA, Pakistan Army, Pakistan Railways, and Sui Southern Gas Company, along with teams of the four provinces regularly take part in domestic and international cycling tournaments. Women's cycling also takes place in the country. Other events are the Tour of Islamabad and the MTB Tour of the Himalayas.
Gymnastics
The Pakistan Gymnastic Federation has been affiliated with the International Gymnastics Federation (FIG) since 1958. Pakistan sends individuals and teams to international events such as the Olympic Games.
Golf
Pakistan has qualified for the Golf World Cup a total of 4 times, in 1975, 1977, 1982, and recently in 2009, when they finished joint 22nd out of the 28 qualifying teams. The Pakistan Golf Federation (PGF) run golf in Pakistan. Karachi Golf Club is one of the oldest in the country and it is where the Pakistan Open takes place. The Pakistan Open was founded in 1967 and became an Asian Tour event in 2006. Chris Rodgers won the Pakistan Open in 2006. The 2007 event was held in January and had an increased prize money purse of $330,000 US. Taimur Hussain has been Pakistan's most successful golfer, as he won the 1998 Myanmar Open, becoming the first Pakistani to win on the Asian Tour.
Roller skating
The Pakistan Federation of Roller Skating (PFRS) is the national governing body of roller sports in Pakistan. The Federation started about 25 years ago in Lahore, Pakistan, founded by Khalid Saeed and his team.
Shooting
Shooting in Pakistan governed by National Rifle Association of Pakistan. Irshad Ali with one silver and two bronzes in the Commonwealth Games being one of the most successful at international level. Ghulam Mustafa Bashir, a 35-year-old shooting master won the bronze medal back at the 2022 International Shooting Sports Federation World Championships in Cairo, Egypt and also earnt direct qualification to Paris 2024 Olympics.
Kishmala Talat won Pakistan's first Asian Games medal in shooting at the 2022 Asian Games, being the first woman to do so.
Skiing
The Ski Federation of Pakistan, created in December 1990, run the sport. Despite being a country with many mountains, the sport has never taken off until the late 1990s. Up until then, it was only done by the Pakistan Army. Now there have been facilities put in place so that the sport can be played, and the Ski Federation of Pakistan now sends out teams to international tournaments.
Muhammad Abbas and Muhammad Karim represented Pakistan at 2010 Winter Olympics and 2014 Winter Olympics respectively.
Motorsport
The Motorsport Association of Pakistan (MAP) is a member of the Federation Internationale de L'Automobile FIA. The Pakistan National Karting Championship was the first motor racing curcit competition in Pakistan, and is used to develop rookie drivers. The Freedom Rally is a yearly off-road race which takes place during the Independence celebrations.
Nur B. Ali was the first Pakistani Racing driver and Co-founded the MAP. He drives in the ARCA RE/MAX Series and is a former two-time Southwest Formula Mazda Regional Series champion. Ali was also the driver of the A1GP Team Pakistan in 2006. Syed Ovais Naqvi is the first local and homegrown professional Pakistani Racecar Driver and he is also the first Pakistani to acquire the International B Racing license, he also co-founded the MAP and is the General Secretary of the body. Ovais was also responsible for putting together the Pakistan National Karting Championship. Omer Younas is currently racing in the Formula BMW Pacific and Adnan Sarwar races in Formula Rolon. In 2005, the A1 Team Pakistan was run by Adam Langley-Khan, Khan remained the Team Pakistan driver until 2008. He also drives in the Euroseries 3000.
Mountaineering
With the greatest concentration of the highest peaks of the world many of them very challenging climbs, Pakistan is a prime location for skilled mountain climbers. Five peaks are over 8,000 meters. The Alpine Club of Pakistan (ACP) founded in 1974, is the national mountaineering and climbing federation. Chiltan Adventurers Association Balochistan is the major affiliated unit of ACP founded in 1984. Nazir Sabir, Ashraf Aman, Hayatullah Khan Durrani Lt.Col Abdul Jabbar Bhatti, Col Sher Khan and Meherban Karim are Pakistan's most experienced mountaineers.
Pakistan Alpine Institute is the pioneer of "big wall climbing" in Pakistan. Pakistan's First Big Wall Climbing Expedition has been successfully completed by Imran Junaidi and Usman Tariq in September, 2013.
Samina Baig is the first Pakistani woman and the third Pakistani to climb Mount Everest. She is also the youngest Muslim woman to climb Everest, having done so at the age of 21. Samina is also the first Pakistani woman and the first Muslim to climb the seven summits.
Weightlifting
The Pakistan Weightlifting Federation was formed in 1953. Pakistan has picked up a number of medals over the years in weightlifting. Shuja-Ud-Din Malik won gold in the Men's 85 kg. Combined at the 2006 Commonwealth Games.
Shujauddin Malik won the first gold medal at the 2006 Commonwealth Games, followed by Nooh Dastgir Butt, who won the gold medal at the 2022 Commonwealth Games.
Combat sports
Boxing
The Pakistan Boxing Federation (PBF) organises boxing matches in Pakistan. The Pakistan Amateur Boxing Federation (PABF) organises amateur matches. Pakistan has seen success at amateur level boxing, despite lack of necessary equipment and facilities. The Shaheed Benazir Bhutto International Boxing Tournament took place in the KPT Benazir Sports Complex in Karachi, Pakistan from 1–8 January 2010. Amir Khan, the professional British boxing world champion of Pakistani descent was the guest in the final rounds of tournament.
Pakistan have won medals at the Olympic and Commonwealth Games. Quetta born Haider Ali won gold at the 2002 Commonwealth Games as a Featherweight and went on to become a professional boxer. Asghar Ali Shah is a two-time Olympian with 13 gold and 10 silver medals at international level.
Kabaddi
Kabaddi is a famous sport in Pakistan. The governing body for Kabaddi in Pakistan is Pakistan Kabaddi Federation. Pakistan won the 2020 Kabaddi World Cup (Circle style) at the National Stadium in Lahore, after a close contest against India by 43–41.
Karate
Karate is the regular event of National Games, the federation also organizes National karate championship. The Pakistan Karate Federation is the national governing body to develop and promote the sport of Karate in the Pakistan. Ghulam Ali and Saadi Abbas have won gold medals at the SAF Games.
At the Asian Games held in Jakarta, Indonesia in 2018, Nargis Hameedullah became the first Pakistani woman to win an individual medal (a bronze) at the Asian Games.
Mixed Martial Arts
Mixed Martial Arts Pakistan is the premiere mixed martial arts (MMA) and martial arts promotion based in Pakistan that was created in December 2007 by Bashir Ahmad to promote martial arts (and martial sports such as boxing and wrestling) styles in Pakistan with a particular focus on mixed martial arts competition.
Anita Karim is the first international female Mixed Martial Arts fighter from Pakistan to win multiple national and international-level bouts.
Taekwondo
The Pakistan Taekwondo Federation is the national governing body to develop and promote the sport of Taekwondo in the Pakistan. Taekwondo was introduced in Pakistan by Korean Consulate in Karachi in 1962. The federation was established in 1977 and granted affiliation by World Taekwondo. In 1982, the federation was affiliated with the Pakistan Olympic Association (POA) and Pakistan Sports Board (PSB).
It is regular part of biannual National Games. The federation organize annual National Taekwondo Championship.
Wrestling
Wrestling has always been an important sport in Pakistan, with regular tournaments played locally. Gama Pahalwan was an undefeated World Wrestling Champion from Pakistan. Gama Pahalwan's nephew Bholu Pahalwan also represented Pakistan in wrestling.
The Pakistan Wrestling Federation (PWF) is the national governing body of sport of Wrestling in the Pakistan.
Mohammad Bashir won the bronze medal in freestyle wrestling in the welterweight class (73 kg) at the 1960 Summer Olympics in Rome. becoming Pakistan first wrestling Olympic medalist. Pakistan's most successful event in the Commonwealth Games has been Wrestling, where it has won 42 medals, 21 of which have been Gold. It ranks 3rd overall in Wrestling at the Commonwealth Games.
Aquatic and paddle sports
Canoe Kayak
The Pakistan Canoe and Kayak Federation is the only official governing body of canoe and kayak sports in Pakistan. The headquarters of PCKF is based in the Hayat Durrani Water Sports Academy at Hanna Lake Quetta, one of the major canoe / kayak paddling and Rowing center in Pakistan. PCKF is affiliated on international level with International Canoe Federation International Canoe Federation (ICF) and on Asian level with Asian Canoe Confederation (ACC), and on National level recognised with Pakistan Sports Board. The Kayaking National Champions Mohammad Abubakar Durrani, Mohammad Shoaib Khilji and Farhanullah Kakar belongs to HDWSA and Pakistan Customs Canoe & Kayak team Quetta.
Rowing
Karachi and Quetta are the major centers of rowing in Pakistan. The National Rowing Championship is the major national event of rowing in the country. The Pakistan Rowing Federation was a founding member of the Asian Rowing Federation. Although Pakistani rowers take part in events, it is considered a minority sport. Rowers like Ali Hassan, Maqbool Ali, Zohaib Zia Hashmi, and Muhammad Asad Khan have won medals at international events and in International School Rowing events. Junior Rowers from Balochistan, such as Mehardil Khan Baabai and Mirwaise Khan Baabai won many medals.
Sailing
The Pakistan Sailing Federation is the national body, with Karachi and Balochistan Sailing/Yachting Association's as its major units. Byram Dinshawji Avari represented Pakistan at the 1978 Asian Games in Bangkok, and again at the 1982 Asian Games in New Delhi. He also won a silver medal at the Enterprise World Championship held in Canada in 1978. In 2004, Mohammad Tanveer of Pakistan won silver medal in Mistral Asian Championship held in Bombay. Shazli Tahir won silver and Junaid Ahmed won bronze medal in first CAS International Sailing Championship in April 2008.
Swimming
Up until recently, swimming struggled as a sport in Pakistan. But there has been a surge in interest, particularly with Rubab Raza. She was the youngest Olympic Pakistani competitor in Pakistan's history, aged 13 at the 2004 Summer Olympics. Kiran Khan known as "Golden Girl" also came to attention when she won 7 gold medals, 3 silver medals and 3 bronze medals at 28 National Games in 2001.
Pakistan Swimming Federation is the governing body of swimming in the Pakistan
List of sports leagues
Cricket
Pakistan Super League
Pakistan Junior League
Kashmir Premier League
The Women's League
Football
Pakistan Premier League
National Women Football Championship
Hockey
Pakistan Hockey Super League
Golf
Pakistan Open
Boxing
Super Boxing League
Kabaddi
Super Kabaddi League
National Games
International Participation
Pakistan at the Olympics
Pakistan at the Paralympics
Pakistan at the Commonwealth Games
Pakistan at the World Games
Pakistan at the World Athletics Championships
Pakistan at the Asian Games
Pakistan at the Asian Beach Games
Pakistan at the South Asian Games
Pakistan at the Islamic Solidarity Games
Pakistan at the Military World Games
Pakistan at the Cricket World Cup
Pakistan at the World Beach Games
Pakistan at the Asian Indoor and Martial Arts Games
See also
Culture of Pakistan
List of stadiums in Pakistan
Pakistan Olympic Association
National Games of Pakistan
Larkana Bulls
Health in Pakistan
List of sports governing bodies in Pakistan
References
External links
Sports Board Punjab
Pakistan Sports Board
Pakistan's track and field history
Official website of the 31st National Games, Peshawar Pakistan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport%20in%20Pakistan |
WNXT (1260 AM) is a radio station broadcasting a sports format. Licensed to Portsmouth, Ohio, United States, the station is currently owned by Hometown Broadcasting of Portsmouth, Inc. and features programming from ABC Radio and Fox Sports Radio.
History
WNXT went on the air in 1951. The history began when the original owner of WSAZ radio left to start a radio station in Portsmouth after WSAZ, as a radio station, became defunct.
Today's format
Today much of WNXT is dominated by Fox Sports Radio and local sports. The station dumped much of its country music in 2004 for ESPN Radio. The station has a major variety of both local and professional sports. Roger Gray and Jim Smith are some of the local sports personalities. During the fall and winter, Jim Smith does the local sports show, the Saturday Morning Sports-line, talking to local coaches via telephone line. WNXT is also an affiliate for Cincinnati Reds baseball, Ohio State University football and basketball and Columbus Blue Jackets hockey.
Community Corner
Local personality Gina Collinsworth hosts the Community Corner show on weekdays from 8:00am to 9:00am.
References
External links
NXT (AM) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WNXT%20%28AM%29 |
The following is a list of animals that are or may have been raised in captivity for consumption by people. For other animals commonly eaten by people, see Game (food).
See also
Game (food)
List of meat dishes
Marine mammals as food
References
Meat
Meat
Meat animals | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20captive-bred%20meat%20animals |
Annie Bellemare (born January 2, 1980) is a Canadian former competitive figure skater. She is the 2000 Four Continents bronze medallist, 2004 Bofrost Cup on Ice bronze medallist, and a five-time Canadian national medallist.
Personal life
Bellemare on January 2, 1980, in Laval, Quebec. Following high school, she studied at Collège Édouard-Montpetit in Longueuil, Quebec. She later obtained a marketing management certificate from the British Columbia Institute of Technology (BCIT), a business communications certificate from the Université du Québec à Montréal and a bachelor of commerce from Royal Roads University. She is now working on Ottawa as a successful business executive. She married professional hockey executive Brian Morris on August 6, 2011, in Ottawa. The couple have two children, both boys.
Career
Bellemare was twelve when she completed her first triple, a Salchow. Early in her career, she was coached by Josee Normand. By 2000, her coach was Stephane Yvars, who changed her technique on triple jumps.
Bellemare won her first national medal, silver, in 1999. She was assigned to her first senior ISU Championship, the 1999 Four Continents, where she placed 12th.
Before the 1999–00 season, Bellemare skated well at a CSFA monitoring event and received her first senior Grand Prix assignments. She finished 10th at the 1999 Sparkassen Cup and 6th at the 1999 NHK Trophy. After taking bronze at the 2000 Canadian nationals, Bellemare was sent to the 2000 Four Continents where she also won bronze.
In 2001, she finished 9th at Four Continents and 21st at the World Championships. She was training in Boucherville, Quebec. In 2002, Bellemare won her second national silver medal and placed 6th at the Four Continents.
Before the 2003–04 season, Bellemare changed coaches to Joanne McLeod in Burnaby and Vancouver, British Columbia. She competed in her fifth Grand Prix season, placing 7th at 2003 Skate America and 6th at 2003 Skate Canada International.
Bellemare withdrew from the 2004 Skate Canada International due to an injury. She last competed at the 2004 Bofrost Cup on Ice, winning bronze. She retired from competition in 2005. During her career, she represented CPA St Eustache.
After working as an administrator at Canlan Ice Sports, Burnaby 8 Rinks in British Columbia, Bellemare became a communications and marketing coordinator for Skate Canada in Ottawa in May 2007.
Programs
Results
GP: Grand Prix
References
External links
1980 births
Living people
French Quebecers
Sportspeople from Laval, Quebec
Annie
Canadian female single skaters
Four Continents Figure Skating Championships medalists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Annie%20Bellemare |
Collective capitalism was a theory that was advanced by American economist G. Means in the 1960s. It was intended to overcome the failings of traditional capitalism, using the Great Depression in the 1930s as an example. It rejects the principles advanced by Adam Smith, who created the notion of the "invisible hand" of 'self-correcting' market forces. The theory expresses the capitalist socialization of production, but only in a distorted manner. Japan's collective capitalism relies on cooperation, but ignores the fact that the means of production are private. It cannot be considered socialist because the means of production belongs to corporations.
Collective capitalist theory
The essence of the theory of collective capitalism is expressed by Means in the following proposition: "We now have single corporate enterprises employing hundreds of thousands of workers, having hundreds of thousands of stockholders, using billions of dollars’ worth of the instruments of production, serving millions of customers, and controlled by a single management group. These are great collectives of enterprises, and a system composed of them or dominated by them might well be called 'collective capitalism'".
Collective capitalism places an emphasis on cooperative long-term relationships, resulting in an economy directed by "relational markets". An example of this is interlocking share ownership, in which companies own shares in other companies; this results in a spirit of cooperation between the involved companies, since each has an interest in the other's performance. An important example of this is the Japanese economy, in which 40% of the shares traded on the Tokyo Stock Exchange are owned by the collection of industrial groups known as the Kigyo Shudan, and a further 30% is owned by networks of cross-shareholdings known as keiretsu. This results in stable ownership, lessening the potential for hostile takeovers and also "friendly" competition; companies are encouraged to excel but for the benefit of others as well as themselves.
History
Japan is the only example of collective capitalism in practical form. It stems from Japan's economic and social restructuring following World War One. This program of industrial development was successful until the 1990s. Japan has the world's third-largest economy by purchasing power parity (PPP) and the second largest by market exchange rates.
Collective capitalism's influence can be seen elsewhere in modern Japan. Workers, particularly those who work for large businesses, become involved in their firms in ways unlike other capitalist systems. In return for loyalty and hard work, workers traditionally expect more from their employers than their western counterparts, including job security - often for life - pensions and social protection. This system of collective cooperation and the domination of the worker in corporate policy led to the Japanese system being dubbed "peoplism" by some critics.
Criticism
Many critics voiced concerns that while collective capitalism often provides benefits for workers, it also placed a high demand on them and their families. Long hours and high levels of discipline are commonplace, resulting in high levels of stress and the emergence of karōshi, or "death by overwork", within the Japanese workforce.
See also
Capitalism
Corporate capitalism
State-sponsored capitalism (East Asian model)
References
Bibliography
Capitalism | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collective%20capitalism |
Paradise and Lunch is the fourth album by roots rock musician Ry Cooder, released on June 8, 1974 on Reprise Records. The album is composed of cover versions of jazz, blues and roots standards and obscurities recorded at the Warner Brothers Studios. The final track, "Ditty Wah Ditty," showcases a duet between Cooder and jazz pianist Earl "Fatha" Hines. It was produced by Russ Titelman and Lenny Waronker. The album reached #167 on the Billboard 200.
The album also includes Cooder's updated arrangement of bluesman Washington Phillips' "The Tattler" that stands out for its guitar playing. It was subsequently covered by Linda Ronstadt on her 1976 album Hasten Down the Wind and by David Soul on his 1977 album Playing To An Audience of One.
In 1990 the album was released on CD, while a remastered version appeared in 2007. It was newly remastered from the original master tapes for a high-resolution SACD in 2017.
Track listing
Side One
"Tamp 'Em Up Solid" (Traditional) – 3:19
"Tattler" (Washington Phillips, Ry Cooder, Russ Titelman) – 4:14
"Married Man's a Fool" (Blind Willie McTell) – 3:10
"Jesus on the Mainline" (Traditional) – 4:09
"It's All Over Now" (Bobby Womack, Shirley Womack) – 4:49
Side Two
"Fool for a Cigarette/Feelin' Good" (Sidney Bailey, J. B. Lenoir, Jim Dickinson) (medley) – 4:25
"If Walls Could Talk" (Bobby Miller) – 3:12
"Mexican Divorce" (Burt Bacharach, Bob Hilliard) – 3:51
"Ditty Wah Ditty" (Arthur Blake) – 5:42
Personnel
Ry Cooder - guitars, mandolin, vocals
Milt Holland – drums, percussion
Jim Keltner – drums
Russ Titelman, Chris Ethridge – electric bass
Ronnie Barron – piano, organ
Red Callender, John Duke – bass
Plas Johnson – alto saxophone
Oscar Brashear – cornet
Bobby King, Gene Mumford, Bill Johnson, George McCurn, Walter Cook, Richard Jones, Russ Titelman, Karl Russell – voices
Earl Hines - piano on "Ditty Wah Ditty"
George Bohanon - horn arrangement
Nick DeCaro - string arrangement
Technical
Russ Titelman, Lenny Waronker - production
Judy Maizel, Trudy Portch - production coordination
Lee Herschberg - engineer, mixing
Bobby Hata, John Neal - assistant engineer
Susan Titelman (Ry Cooder's wife and Russ Titelman's sister) – cover paintings and photography
Chart positions
References
1974 albums
Ry Cooder albums
Albums produced by Lenny Waronker
Albums produced by Russ Titelman
Reprise Records albums
Covers albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paradise%20and%20Lunch |
Joseph Beal Steere (9 February 1842 – 7 December 1940) was an American ornithologist.
Steere was born in Rollin, Michigan, the son of William Millhouse and Elizabeth Cleghorn (Beal) Steere. He received a B.A. from the University of Michigan in 1868 and a B. of Law in 1870.
Shortly after his graduation he entered upon an extensive tour to make collections for the University Museum. His mother's cousin, Rice A. Beal—owner and publisher of the Ann Arbor Courier—agreed to pay for the expedition if Steere would write letters from his journey to be published in the Courier. He spent about eighteen months on the Amazon River and its tributaries, making collections in zoology, botany, and archaeology. He crossed the Andes and continued his collections in various parts of Peru. He then sailed for China and the island of Formosa (Taiwan). He went on another scientific expedition in 1887 to the Philippines where he made an extensive collection of birds, shells, and other natural objects. From there he continued his journey to the Moluccas, and finally returned home by way of the Suez Canal, London, and Liverpool, after an absence of five years.
In 1875, he received an honorary PhD from the University of Michigan and commenced work as a professor. He held the following positions: Assistant Professor of Paleontology (1876-1877); Assistant Professor of Zoology and Paleontology (1877-1879); Professor of Zoology and Curator of the Museum (1879-1881); and Professor of Zoology (1881-1894). He resigned from the university in 1894 at the request of the Regents possibly because his outspoken stance on temperance had angered the local German community in Ann Arbor.
He married Helen F. Buzzard on 30 September 1879.
He took one final excursion in 1901, leading a group of students to the Amazon to collect specimens for the Smithsonian Institution.
Steere described a number of new birds. He is commemorated in the scientific names of a number of birds, including: Steere's liocichla, Liochicla steerii ; the wattled broadbill, Eurylaimus steerii ; the black-hooded coucal, Centropus steerii ; and the azure-breasted pitta, Pitta steerii.
A species of lizard, Parvoscincus steerei, is named in his honor.
Publications
Steere, J. B., 1890. "A List of Birds and Mammals Collected by the Steere Expedition to the Philippines, with New Species."
Steere, J. B., 1903. Narrative of a visit to Indian tribes of the Purus River, Brazil. A. Rept. U. S. natl Mus., Washington, D. C. 1903: 359–393.
Steere, J. B., 1927. The archeology of the Amazon. Univ. Michigan off. Publs 29 (9, Pt. 2): 20–26.
Steere, J. B., 1949. Tribos do Purus. Sociologia, São Paulo 11 (2): 64–78, 212–222.
References
External links
Nationaal Herbarium Nederland
Reed University
Hubbell, T. H., [1964]. The University of Michigan Beal-Steere Expedition, 1870–1875. Itinerary and chronology of Joseph Beal Steere's first expedition. .
Further reading
Marquis, A. N., ed., 1918. Who's who in America. A biographical dictionary of living men and women of the United States. Vol. 10. A. N. Marquis and Co., Chicago. p. 2574.
1842 births
1940 deaths
University of Michigan alumni
University of Michigan Law School alumni
American ornithologists
University of Michigan faculty | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20Beal%20Steere |
Northholm Grammar School is an independent Anglican co-educational primary and secondary day school, located in Arcadia, in the Hills District of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.
The school was established in 1983 and is situated on 10 hectares. It currently serves students from Kindergarten to Year 12.
In March 2019, Mr Christopher Bradbury was commissioned as the fifth and current Principal of Northholm Grammar School.
Education Philosophy
Northholm Grammar's flexible academic curriculum is combined with Christian values. The school is non-selective, with a Liberal Arts (liberating the student to be an independent thinker) foundation. The Junior School (Kindergarten to Year 6) curriculum has been designed with the two core elements of "Units of Enquiry" and "Subject-specific Learning Experiences" within the guidelines of the national curriculum, the Australian Curriculum. The Senior School (Years 7 to 12) curriculum features a broad range of subjects within the requirements of the NSW Board of Studies that allow students to tailor their studies. Students in Years 11 and 12 work towards their Higher School Certificate, with the opportunity to study TAFE vocational courses. Personalised Education Plans are in place for students requiring additional support.
Since its inception in 1983, pastoral care has been an integral part of Northholm's program which includes the House System, tutor groups, leadership programs, and specialist counsellors. Co-curricular programs available to students include Music, Drama, Art, Agriculture Clubs, Science Club and Debating. The school also offers a broad range of sports, has an Outdoor Education program for Years 7-10 and participates in the Duke of Edinburgh's International Award.
Houses
In 1983 there were three Houses at Northholm. These were Capell, Patteson and Rowland. Capell was assigned the colour red, Patteson white and Rowland blue, these being the three school colours. However, when in 1984 Lincoln House was added and given the colour green, it was decided that since tradition had already been broken Patteson could change to the more distinctive colour of yellow.
Capell
Capell House is named after Arthur Capell (1902–1986), who attended the school opening in July 1983. Capell was a renowned Australian linguist who made major contribution to the study of several Papuan, Polynesian and Indigenous Australian languages.
Lincoln
In 1984 Lincoln was established as the fourth House at Northholm, named after His Honour Judge John Lincoln (1916–2011), Chairman of the School Council and a Judge of the District Court. He was also Deputy Chancellor of Macquarie University, Treasurer of the New South Wales Branch of the Liberal Party, Mayor of North Sydney and Chancellor of the Diocese of Newcastle.
Rowland
Rowland House is named after former Governor of New South Wales, Air Marshal Sir James Rowland (1922–1999), who formally opened the School in July 1993. Rowland was awarded an Air Force Cross, Distinguished Flying Cross and Knight Commander of the Order of the British Empire during his service in the Royal Australian Air Force, and later appointed a Companion of the Order of Australia.
Patteson
Patteson House was named after a John Coleridge Patteson (1827–1871), an English Anglican Bishop, missionary to the South Sea Islands, the first Bishop of Melanesia and accomplished linguist.
Publications
Northholm produces several publications throughout the school year, namely The Weekly Record, The Arcadian and Ilex.
The Weekly Record
The Weekly Record is Northholm's weekly news publication which is emailed to parents on Fridays. Columns include From The Principal, Important Dates, Middle Year News, and the From the Registrar among others. It features the results from Northholm's sporting teams and co-curricular achievements, as well as upcoming events.
Ilex
Ilex is Northholm's annual school yearbook that features yearly reports from all departments of the school, house reports, sports carnival summaries, co-curricular reports and photos.
Notable alumni
The following is a list of Northholm alumni who have had significant success in their chosen field:
Matt Dunning, represented Australia in rugby union
Casey Dunning, represented Canada in rugby union
Julia Hargreaves, represented Australia at the 2012 Summer Olympics in equestrian jumping
Molly Taylor, professional rally driver
Craig Lewis, represented Australia at the 2004 Summer Olympics in baseball, coming home with a silver medal
Hannah Dodd, dual Paralympian in wheelchair basketball and equestrian
See also
List of Anglican schools in New South Wales
Sydney Anglican Schools Corporation
References
External links
Northholm Grammar School Official Website.
Anglican primary schools in Sydney
Anglican secondary schools in Sydney
Hornsby Shire
Educational institutions established in 1983
1983 establishments in Australia
Grammar schools in Australia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Northholm%20Grammar%20School |
North Coast railway line may refer to:
North Coast railway line, New South Wales, the main railway link between Sydney and Brisbane
North Coast railway line, Queensland, the main railway line between Brisbane and Cairns | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North%20Coast%20railway%20line |
The Archibald Lampman Award is an annual Canadian literary award, created by Blaine Marchand, and presented by the literary magazine Arc, for the year's best work of poetry by a writer living in the National Capital Region.
History
The award is named in honour of Canadian poet Archibald Lampman (1861–1899). Born in 1861, he graduated from Trinity College (Toronto) in 1882, then moved to Ottawa where he worked for the Post Office until his death in 1899. He is known for his ability to immerse metaphysics in the details of nature, which he observed while hiking round what was then the wilderness capital of a new country. His books include Among the Millet (1888), Lyrics of Earth (1895) and the posthumous Alcyone (1900).
In 2007, the Archibald Lampman Award for Poetry merged with the Duncan Campbell Scott Foundation, creating the $1500 annual Lampman–Scott Award in honour of two great Confederation Poets. This partnership came to an end in 2010, and competition returned to its former identity as the Archibald Lampman Award for Poetry.
The inclusion of Scott's name in the award has been controversial because of Scott's actions as a Canadian government official supervising Indian affairs for many years. As head of Canada's Indian Affairs agency, Scott promoted the national government's residential school system as a way to assimilate aboriginal children into Canadian society, separating them from their parents and native culture.
The 2003 and 2008 winner of the award, Shane Rhodes, in 2008 turned over half of the $1,500 prize money to the Wabano Centre for Aboriginal Health, a First Nations health centre, according to a 2008 report by the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation. "Taking that money wouldn't have been right, with what I'm writing about," Rhodes said. The poet was researching First Nations history and found Scott's name repeatedly referenced. The CBC reported that Rhodes felt "Scott's legacy as a civil servant overshadows his work as a pioneer of Canadian poetry."
In response, Anita Lahey, then editor of Arc Poetry Magazine, said she thought Scott's actions as head of Indian Affairs were important to remember, but did not eclipse his role in the history of Canadian literature. "I think it matters that we're aware of it and that we think about and talk about these things," she said. "I don't think controversial or questionable activities in the life of any artist or writer is something that should necessarily discount the literary legacy that they leave behind."
Winners
1986 – Colin Morton, This Won't Last Forever
1987 – Christopher Levenson, Arriving at Night
1988 – John Barton, West of Darkness
1989 – Patrick White, Habitable Planets
1990 – Gary Geddes, No Easy Exit
1991 – George Elliott Clarke, Whylah Falls
1992 – Blaine Marchand, A Garden Enclosed
1993 – Marianne Bluger, Summer Grass
1994 – John Newlove, Apology for Absence: Selected Poems 1962–1992
1995 – John Barton, Designs from the Interior
1996 – Gary Geddes, The Perfect Cold Warrior
1997 – Diana Brebner, Flora & Fauna
1998 – Sandra Nicholls, Woman of Sticks, Woman of Stones
1999 – John Barton, Sweet Ellipsis
2000 – Stephanie Bolster, Two Bowls of Milk
2001 – Colin Morton, Coastlines of the Archipelago
2002 – Armand Garnet Ruffo, At Geronimo's Grave
2003 – Shane Rhodes, Holding Pattern
2004 – David O'Meara, The Vicinity
2005 – Stephen Brockwell, Fruitfly Geographic
2006 – Laura Farina, This Woman Alphabetical
2007 – Monty Reid, Disappointment Island
2008 – Shane Rhodes, The Bindery
2009 – David O'Meara, Noble Gas, Penny Black
2010 – Craig Poile, True Concessions
2011 – Paul Tyler, A Short History of Forgetting
2012 – Michael Blouin, Wore Down Trust
2013 – Nina Berkhout, Elseworlds
2014 – David O'Meara, A Pretty Sight
2015 – Shane Book, Congotronic
2016 – Pearl Pirie, the pet radish, shrunken
2017 – Stephen Brockwell, All of Us Reticent, Here, Together
2018 - Christine McNair, Charm
See also
Canadian poetry
List of poetry awards
List of years in poetry
List of years in literature
References
External links
Literary Awards in Canada / Prix littéraires au Canada, 1923-2000: Historical and bilingual database which provides brief history of each award together with a complete list of award-winning authors and their works.
Archibald Lampman Award
Canadian poetry awards
1986 establishments in Ontario
Awards established in 1986
Culture of Ottawa
Literary awards by magazines and newspapers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Archibald%20Lampman%20Award |
Route 101 is 76 kilometres long and runs from downtown Fredericton to a junction with Route 7 in Welsford.
The highway follows Regent Street from downtown Fredericton up a large hill to the edge of the city, where it continues south to New Maryland, Nasonworth, Beaver Dam Tracyville and Tracy at Route 645. From Tracy, the highway turns east along the South Branch of the Oromocto River to Fredericton Junction. Route 101 then turns southeast, paralleling the New Brunswick Southern Railway line through Blissville, Hoyt and Wirral crossing Route 7 to its end at Eagle Rock road at Welsford.
History
Route 101 was known as Route 28 until 1965.
October 2013 the route was extended over a new section of Route 7 and now ends at Eagle Rock Road at Welsford.
See also
List of New Brunswick provincial highways
References
New Brunswick provincial highways
Roads in York County, New Brunswick
Roads in Sunbury County, New Brunswick
Roads in Queens County, New Brunswick
Roads in Kings County, New Brunswick
Transport in Fredericton | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Brunswick%20Route%20101 |
Frank Cullen Albert (January 27, 1920 – September 4, 2002) was an American gridiron football player and coach. He played as a quarterback and punter with the San Francisco 49ers in the All-America Football Conference (AAFC) and later in National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Stanford Indians, where he led the 1940 football team to an undefeated season and the 1941 Rose Bowl.
Many who saw Albert in action credit him as being the greatest left-handed quarterback ever to play the game.
Early life
Albert was born in Chicago and attended Glendale High School in Glendale, California. He went to Stanford University, where he was coached by T formation innovator Clark Shaughnessy. Albert played as Stanford's quarterback and in 1940–41 became an all-American. He was the first college T-formation quarterback in modern football history. He led the team of 1940 to a 9–0 regular season, 21–13 victory over Nebraska in the Rose Bowl and a No. 2 national ranking, behind Minnesota. He was also a member of Stanford's chapter of the Delta Kappa Epsilon fraternity.
Professional football career
After graduation Albert served in the Navy during World War II for four years. In the 1942 NFL Draft the Chicago Bears selected Albert with the 10th overall pick. After quarterbacking the Los Angeles Bulldogs of the Pacific Coast Football League in 1945, he launched his All-Pro career with the San Francisco 49ers of the All-America Football Conference in 1946. He played seven seasons with the 49ers. Albert, a , 166-pound, left-handed passer, was credited for inventing the bootleg play, in which the quarterback fakes a handoff then runs wide with the ball hidden on his hip. In 1948, he had the record for most passing touchdowns in a season in the league's history, and was named AAFC co-Most Valuable Player with Otto Graham. He played his last two seasons competing with Y. A. Tittle. In 1950, Albert was named to the Pro Bowl when the 49ers joined the National Football League. He retired after the season of 1952. In seven pro seasons, Albert threw for 10,795 yards and 115 touchdowns.
Albert played one final season with the Canadian Football League's Calgary Stampeders.
Coaching career
After his retirement, the San Francisco 49ers hired him as a scout and coach. He was named head coach in 1956 by owner Tony Morabito.
In his second year, Albert led the 49ers to their first winning record since 1954. They won five of their six games before a three-game losing streak had them at 5–4. They won the final three games to finish 8–4. They finished in a tie for first in the Western Conference with the Detroit Lions, with both teams winning against the other at home. As such, they had to play a one-game playoff to determine who would play in the NFL Championship Game, with this being their first playoff game since 1949. On December 22, they played the Lions at Kezar Stadium. Facing backup Tobin Rote (subbing in for Bobby Layne, hurt two weeks earlier), the 49ers led 24–7 at halftime on the strength of three touchdown passes from Y. A. Tittle. They led by twenty after a field goal in the third quarter, but Detroit roared back in a monumental comeback, scoring 24 unanswered points to win 31–27.
Albert led the team to a 6–6 record the following year before he was replaced by Red Hickey; the 49ers would not threaten for a playoff spot until 1970. He coached the 49ers for three seasons, compiling a 19–16–1 record.
The Professional Football Researchers Association named Albert to the PFRA Hall of Very Good Class of 2007
Head coaching record
NFL
Later life
After football, Albert got into real estate as he helped raise three daughters with his high school sweetheart and wife of 60 years, Martha. All three of his daughters attended Stanford. One of his daughters, Jane Albert Willens, ’67, was an All-American tennis player.
He died on September 4, 2002, from Alzheimer's disease. In addition to his wife, Martha, Albert was survived by his three daughters: Nancy James of Bend, Oregon; Jane Willens of Palo Alto; and Terry Levin of San Francisco; and as well as seven grandchildren.
References
External links
1920 births
2002 deaths
American football quarterbacks
American football punters
College football announcers
Saint Mary's Pre-Flight Air Devils football players
San Francisco 49ers (AAFC) players
San Francisco 49ers head coaches
San Francisco 49ers coaches
San Francisco 49ers players
Stanford Cardinal football players
National Football League announcers
All-American college football players
College Football Hall of Fame inductees
Western Conference Pro Bowl players
United States Navy personnel of World War II
Glendale High School (Glendale, California) alumni
Players of American football from Chicago
Coaches of American football from California
Players of American football from Glendale, California
Deaths from Alzheimer's disease
Deaths from dementia in California | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frankie%20Albert |
Cynthia Phaneuf (born January 16, 1988) is a Canadian former competitive figure skater. She is the 2004 Four Continents silver medallist, 2004 Skate Canada International champion, 2004 Skate America silver medallist, a two-time (2004, 2011) Canadian national champion, and a four-time (2005, 2009, 2010, 2012) Canadian silver medallist. She finished in fifth place at the 2010 World Championships and represented Canada at the 2010 Winter Olympics.
Career
Cynthia Phaneuf began skating at age four after watching her cousin skating. She landed her first triple, a salchow, at the age of eleven.
Phaneuf was coached by Annie Barabé and Sophie Richard in Contrecœur, Quebec from the age of nine until November 2011. Her programs were choreographed by David Wilson. In domestic Canadian competitions, she represented CPA Sorel.
Phaneuf withdrew from the 2005 Skate Canada International due to a minor stress fracture in her right ankle. Considered a threat to qualify for the 2006 Canadian Olympic team due to her two previous national medals, she was forced to withdraw from the 2006 Canadian Championships (the Olympic qualifying competition) due to an injury to her right knee. In 2007, she earned a spot on the Canadian ladies' world team by finishing fourth in that year's national championships.
In 2008, she continued her comeback with a third place showing in the national championships, and a seventh place at the Four Continents Championships.
In 2010, at the World Championships, she placed fifth. She was 4th in the free program and 8th in the short program. Had she scored 1.09 more points, she would have won a bronze medal.
During the 2010–11 season, she placed fourth in her two Grand Prix events. At the 2011 Canadian Championships, she won her second national title.
In November 2011, Phaneuf left Quebec and longtime coaches Annie Barabé and Sophie Richard to move to Toronto to train with Brian Orser. Phaneuf won the silver medal at the 2012 Canadian Championships, second to Amelie Lacoste by 1.57 points. At the 2012 Four Continents, the two skaters competed for a berth to the 2012 World Championships – Phaneuf finished 0.18 points behind Lacoste.
In July 2012, it was reported that Phaneuf had a stress fracture in her back. On September 26, 2012, Phaneuf announced her retirement from competitive skating. She stated, "I've done everything I wanted to. [...] I'm ready to move on."
Personal life
Cynthia is the daughter of Lucie (nee Beaudoin) and Barrie Phaneuf (1966-2001). She has two living siblings - Wyatt and Sébastien, and two deceased - Cedric (d. 1997) and Penelopie (d. 1998). Phaneuf met hockey player Maxime Talbot in Montreal, where they shared the same massage therapist, and they began dating in 2012. Following her retirement from skating, Phaneuf moved to Philadelphia, where Talbot was playing for the NHL, and she began coaching at Isabelle Brasseur's skating school there. After Talbot was traded to the Colorado Avalanche in October 2013, Phaneuf moved with him to Denver, Colorado. Phaneuf and Talbot married on July 11, 2014. They have three children, as of 2019. Phaneuf is a fourth cousin of Canadian ice hockey player Dion Phaneuf.
Programs
Competitive highlights
GP: Grand Prix; JGP: Junior Grand Prix
References
External links
Official site
Cynthia Phaneuf at Skate Canada
1988 births
Canadian expatriate sportspeople in the United States
Canadian female single skaters
Figure skaters at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Four Continents Figure Skating Championships medalists
French Quebecers
Living people
Olympic figure skaters for Canada
Sportspeople from Sorel-Tracy
21st-century Canadian women | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cynthia%20Phaneuf |
Sport in Germany is an important part of German culture and their society.
In 2006 about 28 million people were members of the more than 87.000 sport clubs in Germany. Almost all sports clubs are represented by the German Olympic Sports Federation.
History
Friedrich Ludwig Jahn known as Turnvater Jahn (father of gymnastics) was born in 1778 and worked as an assistant teacher in Berlin. At Berlin's Hasenheide Friedrich Ludwig Jahn opened the first German gymnastics field ('Turnplatz'), or open-air gymnasium, in spring 1811. His activities were particularly pointed at the youth, with whom he went to the gym field in free afternoons. The German gymnastics, understood by Jahn as a whole of the physical exercises.
Jahn developed well-known gymnastic equipment, invented also new apparatuses. Particularly by his main writing "Die Deutsche Turnkunst" (1816) the apparatus gymnastics developed to an independent kind of sport, and so the gym activities were not only limited to simple physical exercises, which he quoted as following: "Going, running, jumping, throwing, carrying are free exercises, everywhere applicable, as free as fresh air."
With the national gymnastics festivals in Coburg in 1860, in Berlin in 1861 and in Leipzig in 1863, the memory of Jahn's ideas returned into the people's consciousness. The inscription at the gable of his house "Frisch, Fromm, Fröhlich, Frei", translated as 'fresh, pious, cheerful, free", which originated in Jahn's time, became the basic idea of the German gymnastics movement.
In 1934, the Nazi government founded the Deutscher Reichsbund für Leibesübungen, later the Nationalsozialistischer Reichsbund für Leibesübungen, as the official sports governing body of the Third Reich. All other German sport associations gradually lost their freedom and were coopted into it. The organization was disbanded in 1945 by the American military government.
Olympics
In the all-time Olympic Games medal count through 2006 Germany ranks fifth, East Germany seventh and West Germany twenty-first. If all the medals are combined Germany ranks third.
If only winter olympic medals count, from all German states (East, West, united team and united Germany), it is the nation with the most medals.
Germany has hosted the Summer Olympic Games twice, in Berlin in 1936 and in Munich in 1972. Germany hosted the Winter Olympic Games in 1936 when they were staged in the Bavarian twin towns of Garmisch and Partenkirchen.
Germany claimed the most, if not, gold medals and the most total medals during the 1992, 1998, 2002 and 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin. East Germany claimed the most gold medals at 1984 Winter Olympics.
Association football
Football (soccer) is the most popular sport in Germany. With a total of 26,000 clubs and 178,000 teams the German football sport is financed by means of state funding and state contributions, voluntary service, private sponsors and membership fees.
Germany's top level football league, known as the Bundesliga, has the highest average attendances of any association football league in the world; among all professional sports leagues, its average attendance is second only to American football's NFL. As of the 2019–20 season, the Bundesliga is placed third in UEFA rankings, which are based on the performance of clubs in the UEFA Champions League and the UEFA Europa League.
Football in Germany is (like in most European countries) the number one attended and practiced sport. Besides the national league, the FIFA World Cup and UEFA European Championship have much attention among its population.
Bayern Munich (German: Bayern München) is the most successful German football club, with 30 national championships, 20 National Cups and 6 European Champions titles (three European Cups and three Champions Leagues) to its credit, as well as several other international titles. Like many other German football clubs, Bayern Munich is a multi-sport club.
The Germany national football team is one of the traditional powers of international football. It won the FIFA World Cup in 1954, 1974, 1990 and 2014 and the UEFA European Championship in 1972 and 1980 as West Germany hosted the UEFA Euro 1988 and in 1996 as Germany. The country will also host the upcoming UEFA Euro 2024. They also won the FIFA Confederations Cup in 2017. Miroslav Klose is the leading goal scorer for the national team with 71 goals, but his fame is perhaps eclipsed by that of Franz Beckenbauer who is one of the few men in the world who have won the World Cup both as a coach and a player. Germany also hosted the World Cup in 1974 and 2006, finishing third in 2006 after losing a close semi-final contest to eventual cup winners Italy.
The women's national team is also a world power, with its wins of the FIFA Women's World Cup in 2003 and 2007, making Germany the only nation to win both the men's and women's World Cup and European titles.
Handball
Germany together with Denmark is regarded as the birthplace of handball. The first match of the modern era was officially recorded on 29 October 1917 in Berlin, Germany. Carl Schelenz is credited developing most rules of modern handball. Outdoor Handball had its only Olympic Games appearance in the 1936 Berlin Olympics. The first international match recorded was played on 3 September 1925 between Germany and Austria.
Handball is widely regarded to be the second most popular team sport in Germany and when a study conducted by Repucom asked people which sport besides football they preferred a total of 33% voted handball, while basketball came in second with 25% of the votes, ice hockey got 24%, and volleyball got 11%. It is also the second-most played team sport in Germany with approximately 750,000 active registered players around the country as of 2016.
The German men's national team have won the IHF World Men's Handball Championship three times, the very first world cup in 1938, the West Germany team won it in 1978 and the united German team won it at home in 2007. They also have been crowned European champions twice first in 2004 and then in the 2016 rendition of the tournament. In the Olympic Games their efforts have resulted in one gold medal (1936), two silver medals (1984 and 2004) and one Bronze medal (2016).
The German Handball Bundesliga is considered to be the most competitive professional league in the world and several teams have won the EHF Champions League. A total of 19 times have a team from Germany won the Champions League as of 2017 which is the most out of any nation. The most successful team in Germany is by far THW Kiel which have won 20 German titles as well as 3 Champions League titles. They are the only team in German sport history to have managed to go a whole season without losing any points, this feat was achieved during the 2011–2012 season. Traditionally the teams in the league have been situated in smaller cities where the competition from football have not been so tough (Kiel and Flensburg for example), but during the 21st century more teams from larger cities have emerged such as HSV Hamburg, TSV Hannover-Burgdorf, TVB Stuttgart, SC DHfK Leipzig and Füchse Berlin. Uwe Gensheimer is a popular German handball player.
The sport attracts large television viewership; around 16 million TV viewers watched as Germany beat Poland in the 2007 World Cup as well as 13 million during the 2016 European Cup final. During the 2014–15 HBL season the game between the Rhein-Neckar Löwen and HSV Hamburg broke the world record for most spectators in a handball game with 44,189 spectators in the Commerzbank-Arena in Frankfurt beating the previous record of 36,651 spectators during the 2011 Danish league final between AG København and Bjerringbro-Silkeborg.
Ice hockey
Ice hockey is one of Germany's most popular sports, although considering its importance and spectator popularity in the nation it is ranked far behind football. There are many leagues but the top one is the 14 team Deutsche Eishockey Liga. The Germany men's national ice hockey team has featured several prominent current and former NHL players, including Hart Trophy winner Leon Draisaitl, Philipp Grubauer, Tim Stützle, Moritz Seider, Dominik Kahun, Christian Ehrhoff, Jochen Hecht, Dennis Seidenberg, Thomas Greiss, Marcel Goc and Marco Sturm and NHL prospects like Alexander Sulzer, Philip Gogulla, Lukas Reichel and Marcel Müller. The men's national team is currently ranked 8th in the world.
In 2010, Mannheim and Cologne co-hosted the Ice Hockey World Championships. Germany defeated the US in the opening game in front of a record breaking crowd of 77,803 in Gelsenkirchen's Veltins-Arena. Germany finished the tournament in fourth place, the nation's best finish since 1953. German goaltender Dennis Endras was named the tournament's top goaltender by the IIHF directors and the top goaltender and most valuable player by the media.
Basketball
Together with football, ice hockey and handball, basketball in Germany is among the most popular spectator sports.. The Basketball Bundesliga is the highest level league of professional club basketball in Germany.
One of the most popular non-football athletes to come out of Germany is Dirk Nowitzki, who played as power forward for the Dallas Mavericks in his 21-year career in the NBA. He was a 14-time NBA All-star and was a part of 12 All-NBA teams. In , he became the first player trained totally outside the U.S. to be named league MVP, and in 2011 led the Mavericks to their first NBA title and earned a Finals MVP doing so.
The Germany national basketball team's biggest successes are the victory in the European Championship of 1993 at home in Germany, the silver medal in the 2005 European Championships, the bronze medal in the 2002 FIBA World Championship and the gold medal in the 2023 FIBA Basketball World Cup.
Motorsport
Germany is one of the leading motorsports countries in the world. While countless race winning cars have come from Germany, only Michael Schumacher, Sebastian Vettel and Nico Rosberg have been Formula One world champions (they have won 12 titles combined) and Walter Röhrl being the sole World Rally Champion from Germany (he won two titles). Jochen Rindt, who was F1 world champion in 1970, was born in Germany but raced with an Austrian licence for his whole career. One other German driver came close to winning the title: Wolfgang von Trips. Unfortunately, he died in a crash in the last race of the season at Monza in 1961, giving the championship to his Ferrari teammate Phil Hill.
Schumacher is tied with Lewis Hamilton for the most Formula One Drivers championships with 7. In 2003, Schumacher set a new record for driver's championships when he surpassed Juan Manuel Fangio's total of 5 championships, a record that had stood for 46 years since 1957. He was also the highest paid athlete in sports history, with an annual salary of some U.S. $70 million from the Ferrari team, and an estimated $25–30 million more coming from endorsements. In 2005, he became the world's first billionaire athlete, according to Eurobusiness magazine. He is regarded as one of the greatest drivers of all time; when he first retired at the end of the 2006 season, he held 7 championships and every significant F1 record. He returned to F1 in 2010, celebrated his completion of 20 years in F1 in August 2011, and retired for a second time at the end of the 2012 season.
In 2010, Vettel became the youngest driver ever to win the world championship, he also successfully defended the title in 2011, 2012 and 2013. Before winning his first F1 drivers' championship, Vettel had already been the youngest ever to drive at a Grand Prix meeting, earn F1 world championship points, start from pole position in an F1 race, and finish as runner-up for the drivers' championship.
In 2016, Nico Rosberg became the third German driver to win the Formula One World Championship.
The DTM (Deutsche Tourenwagen Masters) is the national touring car series. It is considered one of the best touring car series in the world. Many Formula 1 drivers have made the switch to the series, including, Mika Häkkinen, Jean Alesi and others. From 1995, only German marques of cars are allowed to compete in the series. Currently only Audi, BMW and Mercedes-Benz compete, but Opel and Alfa Romeo have a history in the sport. The races are held mainly in Germany, but some races occur elsewhere in Europe. The races draw monster crowds and television ratings and many celebrities have attended race days.
Situated in Germany is the Nürburgring with its historical Nordschleife course. Since 1970 it is host to the annual 24 Hours Nürburgring endurance race, one of the biggest motorsports events in the world with over 200 participating teams and over 800 drivers, many of them touring car legends and veterans, among hundreds of thousands of live spectators camping along the race track.
In sports car racing, Stefan Bellof and Hans-Joachim Stuck won the World Sportscar Championship in 1984 and 1985, whilst more recently André Lotterer, Timo Bernhard and Marc Lieb won the World Endurance Championship in 2012, 2015 and 2016 respectively.
The 24 Hours of Le Mans is a prestigious annual race held in France. Porsche has won the race 16 times, far more than any other constructor. Second on the list is Audi, who have dominated the race in recent years, scoring 11 wins since their first in the year 2000. Audi driver Frank Biela was one of the most successful drivers in touring and sports cars in the 1990s and 2000s, winning the FIA World Touring Car Cup in 1995 and the Guia Race in 1996, as well as the German, French and British Touring Car titles, before winning the Le Mans 24 Hours five times and the 12 Hours of Sebring four times.
Winter sports
Germany is one of the most successful winter sport nations. Its dominance in sledding disciplines can be attributed to it being the only country in the world to have four bobsleigh, luge, and skeleton tracks. These tracks are located in Altenberg, Königssee, Oberhof, and Winterberg.
Germany has long been dominant in the sport of Bobsledding having won more medals in the Winter Olympics than any other nation except Switzerland. However, if medal wins by East Germany and West Germany from 1949 through 1990 are combined, Germany's medal count is nearly double that of Switzerland. At the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, André Lange piloted both the two-man and four-man sleds to gold, sweeping the men's bobsledding events.
In luge, Germany is dominant like no other nation, stretching from luge's foundation in the early 20th century with dominance in the European championships to the Winter Olympics. Noted lugers include Georg Hackl, Klaus Bonsack, Margit Schumann, David Möller, Felix Loch, Silke Kraushaar-Pielach, Sylke Otto, Tatjana Hüfner and Natalie Geisenberger. Since the 1964 Olympic Games Germany has won 87 of 153 medals. German athletes even won 38 of 51 Olympic gold medals (75%).
In skeleton, Germany has been dominant with the likes of Kerstin Jürgens and Anja Huber.
Biathlon has become one of the most popular winter sports in Germany in recent years, and enjoys some of the highest TV ratings in Germany for any sport aside from association football. Germany has won 59 Olympic medals in biathlon, more than any other nation, and is the joint most successful nation in terms of Olympic golds won, with Germany and Russia having won 20 golds each. Some of Germany's most successful biathletes include Frank-Peter Roetsch, Michael Greis, Sven Fischer, Ricco Groß and Frank Luck among the men and Uschi Disl, Andrea Henkel, Kati Wilhelm, Magdalena Neuner and Laura Dahlmeier among the women.
Tobias Angerer has enjoyed success in cross-country skiing, winning consecutive overall FIS Cross-Country World Cups in 2005/06 and 2006/07. Other notable cross-country skiers include Peter Schlickenrieder, Axel Teichmann and Jens Filbrich.
Along with biathlon, ski jumping is the most popular winter sport in Germany, with TV broadcasts regularly attracting five million viewers, and the country has produced a number of top jumpers. Jens Weißflog is Germany's most successful ski jumper and was one of the top competitors in the world from the mid-1980s to the mid-1990s. Other notable athletes include Hans-Georg Aschenbach, Sven Hannawald, Martin Schmitt and Severin Freund. Two of the four rounds of the prestigious Four Hills Tournament are held on German hills, at Oberstdorf and Garmisch-Partenkirchen.
German athletes have been competitive in Nordic combined. Title-winning competitors include Georg Thoma, Ulrich Wehling, Hermann Weinbuch, Ronny Ackermann and Eric Frenzel.
Germany has enjoyed great success in alpine skiing, although the most successful German alpine skiers have tended to be female. One notable male alpine skier was Markus Wasmeier. Felix Neureuther is Germany's most successful male skier in terms of World Cup race wins with 13. Rosi Mittermaier, Katja Seizinger and Maria Höfl-Riesch have won multiple world-level titles on the women's circuit.
In speed skating Germany has been a major power, particularly in women's competition. Four of the five most prolific winners in the women's ISU Speed Skating World Cup are German – Gunda Niemann-Stirnemann, Jenny Wolf, Anni Friesinger-Postma and Monique Garbrecht-Enfeldt. Claudia Pechstein won nine Olympic medals in long track speed skating, more than any other skater, male or female. Successful male German speed skaters have included Erhard Keller and Uwe-Jens Mey. Success in short track speed skating has been harder to come by, however Tyson Heung did win the overall ISU Short Track Speed Skating World Cup in 2006/07.
Germany has a heritage in figure skating extending to the early days of international competition – Oskar Uhlig won the inaugural European Figure Skating Championships in 1891, while the first male and pairs World Champions were Gilbert Fuchs in 1896 and the pairing of Anna Hübler and Heinrich Burger in 1908 (Hübler and Burger were also the first Olympic gold medalists in pairs competition at the 1908 Games). Germany's best-known figure skater is Katarina Witt, a double Olympic gold medalist in the 1980s. Other notable German competitors include Manfred Schnelldorfer, Jan Hoffmann, Gabriele Seyfert, Anett Pötzsch and the pairings of Ria Baran and Paul Falk, Marika Kilius and Hans-Jürgen Bäumler, and Aliona Savchenko and Robin Szolkowy.
Germany has been a regular competitor in Olympic Curling since the sport was reintroduced at the 1998 Winter Olympics. The German men's and women's teams both won World Curling Championships in 1992 and 1994. A related sport, known as Eisstockschiessen or ice stock sport, is played in southern Germany.
While a minor sport in the country, Germany national bandy team has qualified for Division A of the 2017 Bandy World Championship. In terms of licensed athletes, bandy is the second biggest winter sport in the world.
Tennis
The two most successful German tennis players of all time are Steffi Graf and Boris Becker.
Becker became the youngest champion in the history of the men's singles at Wimbledon, won six-time Grand Slam singles titles and an Olympic gold medal together with Michael Stich.
Graf won 22 Grand Slam singles titles, second among male and female players. In 1988, she became the first and only tennis player (male or female) to achieve the Calendar Year Golden Slam by winning all four Grand Slam singles titles and the Olympic gold medal in the same calendar year.
The German Open Hamburg was part of the Grand Prix Super Series from 1978 to 1989, and the ATP Masters Series from 1990 to 2008, whereas the Eurocard Open was part of the ATP Masters Series from 1995 to 2001. The German Open Hamburg is an ATP World Tour 500 since 2009, and the Halle Open was upgraded to that category in 2015. Also, the ATP Tour World Championships and Grand Slam Cup were played in Germany from 1990 to 1999. Meanwhile, the Women's German Open was a Tier I tournament from 1988 to 2008, and the Women's Stuttgart Open is a WTA Tier II / Premier tournament since 1990.
Cycling
Cycling is a popular sport in Germany and one of the greatest riders of recent times Jan Ullrich dominated the Tour de France in 1997. He finished a full 9 minutes in front of second place rider Richard Virenque. Jan was regarded as Lance Armstrong's only consistent rival, finishing second to him several times in the Tour de France. Recently Tony Martin has emerged as one of the top Individual time trial specialists in the world, winning the time trial at the UCI Road World Championships in 2011, 2012, 2013 and 2016. André Greipel has been one of the most prolific winners among road sprinters since his breakthrough in the late 2000s, while fellow sprinters Marcel Kittel and John Degenkolb have also enjoyed major success from the early 2010s. In the three-year period from 2014 to 2016, Germany took more stage wins than any other nation in the Tour de France. Germany also topped the medal table at the 2016 UCI Road World Championships. In 2017 Germany hosted the start of the Tour de France for the fourth time, and for the first time since the race started in West Berlin in 1987, with the first two stages starting in Düsseldorf.
American football
The history of American football in Germany began in 1977, when the Frankfurter Löwen were formed as the first club to play the game in Germany. The German Football League (GFL) is the elite league for American football in Germany and was formed in 1979 and is among the best leagues in Europe. Playing rules are based on those of the American NCAA. In 1999, the league switched its name from American-Football-Bundesliga to German Football League.
European league of football was officially created in November 2020, and kicked off its inaugural season in June 2021. The majority of teams in this league are based in Germany.
Bandy
Bandy was played in Germany in the early 20th century, but the players and audience then turned to football and ice hockey instead. The sport was reintroduced in the 21st century, with the German Bandy Federation being founded in 2013. A national championship has been played every winter since 2014/15.
Beach volleyball
Germany featured a men's national team in beach volleyball that competed at the 2018–2020 CEV Beach Volleyball Continental Cup.
Chess
Chess is a popular sport in Germany. There are about 84 Grandmasters and 242 International Masters in Germany. Emanuel Lasker was a famous German chess player who was World Chess Champion for 27 years.
Boxing
Boxing is among the most watched TV sports in Germany with both male and female fights enjoying regular spots on national television. Wladimir and Vitali Klitschko are among the two most popular boxers in Germany. German television network RTL has listed the Klitschko brothers as their most important asset next to football. In recent years Germany has become a hub for boxing, the Vegas of Europe, and many international fighters travel to fight out of the country. Henry Maske is a successful recent German box champion.
Max Schmeling was heavyweight champion of the world between 1930 and 1932. His two fights with Joe Louis in the late 1930s transcended boxing, and became worldwide social events because of their national associations. He was ranked 55 on Ring Magazine's list of 100 greatest punchers of all time.
Golf
As recently as 2007, Germany hosted three events on golf's European Tour—the Deutsche Bank Players Championship of Europe, the Mercedes-Benz Championship and the BMW International Open. However, since 2010, the only European Tour event in Germany has been the BMW International Open. The Players Championship was scrapped after 2007; the Mercedes-Benz Championship was not held in 2008, resumed in 2009, and dropped again in 2010. In 2015, the European Open was revived as a German tournament.
The Solheim Cup, the women's counterpart to the Ryder Cup, was hosted by Germany in 2015.
Two-time Masters champion Bernhard Langer is the first German to have won a major championship and is a former World No. 1. Since turning 50 in 2007, he has played mainly on the U.S. senior circuit, PGA Tour Champions; he has led that tour in prize money in 10 of his 11 full seasons, and has won a record 10 senior majors in his career (The Tradition in 2016 and 2017; the Senior PGA Championship in 2017; the U.S. Senior Open in 2010; the Senior Players Championship in 2014, 2015, and 2016; and The Senior Open Championship in 2010, 2014, and 2017). Langer is also the only golfer to have won all five of the current senior majors. Martin Kaymer became the second German to win a major championship by winning the 2010 PGA Championship in Wisconsin, and in 2011 rose to World No. 1. In 2014 he also won the U.S. Open Championship at Pinehurst No. 2, North Carolina.
Lacrosse
Lacrosse has been played in Germany since 1992, with roughly 5,000 players registered in the German Lacrosse Association (DLAXV - Deutscher Lacrosse-Verband e.V.). It is growing fast, with youth hotbeds being at the SC 1880 Frankfurt and the Berliner Hockey Club.
Germany has sent national teams to the Under-19 World Lacrosse Championships.
Rugby union
The first German rugby team was formed at Neuenheim College around 1850. Heidelberger Ruderklub von 1872 founded in 1872 is the oldest German rugby club. The German Rugby Federation was set up in 1900. Germany was Olympic silver medallist in rugby union in 1900. Today the Germany national rugby union team competes in the top division of the European Nations Cup.
Rugby league
Rugby league is a minor sport in Germany, having been introduced in August 2004 by Simon Cooper who was born in Halifax, England and whose father is German. Prior to that it had been played informally by expat players associations such as British servicemen and students. The national governing body for the sport, Rugby League Deutschland, is an associate member of the Rugby League European Federation. The country's national team are regular competitors in the European Shield, winning the competition in 2006 and 2011.
Water sports
Water sports like sailing, rowing, swimming, wind- and kitesurfing, wakeboarding, underwater diving, fishing, powerboating water aerobics and yachting are popular in Germany, especially with large annual events such as Kiel Week or Hanse Sail in Rostock.
See also
Baseball in Germany
Bundesjugendspiele
Sports broadcasting contracts in Germany
References
Further reading
Carr, Gerald A. "The involvement of politics in the sporting relationships of East and West Germany, 1945-1972." Journal of Sport History 7.1 (1980): 40-51. online
Ebert, Anne‐Katrin. "Cycling towards the nation: the use of the bicycle in Germany and the Netherlands, 1880–1940." European Review of History: Revue européenne d'histoire 11.3 (2004): 347-364.
Frick, Bernd, and Joachim Prinz. "Crisis? What crisis? football in Germany." Journal of Sports Economics 7.1 (2006): 60-75.
Hanssen-Doose, Anke, et al. "Population-based trends in physical fitness of children and adolescents in Germany, 2003–2017." European Journal of Sport Science (2020): 1-11.
Koebel, Michel. "The organisation of sport and sports policies in Germany." in Sport, Welfare and Social Policy in the European Union (Routledge, 2020) pp. 75-85.
Krüger, Michael. "Historiography, Cultures of Remembrance and Tradition in German Sport." International Journal of the History of Sport (2014) 31#12 pp 1425-1443.
Large, David Clay. Nazi games: the Olympics of 1936 (WW Norton & Company, 2007).
McDougall, Alan. "Whose Game Is It Anyway?" Radical History Review (May 2016), Issue 125, p35-54; the history of East German football after 1950.
McDougall, Alan. The People's Game: Football, State and Society in East Germany (Cambridge University Press, 2014).
Meier, Henk Erik, and Cosima von Uechtriz. "The Key Role of Sport Policies for the Popularity of Women’s Sports: A Case Study on Women’s Soccer in Germany." Sociology of Sport Journal 37.4 (2020): 328-345.
Meier, Henk Erik, Borja García, and Mara Konjer. "Resisting the pressures of globalisation: the repeated failure of elite sport reforms in re-united Germany." German Politics (2020): 1-21.
Merkel, Udo. "Football fans and clubs in Germany: conflicts, crises and compromises." Soccer & Society 13.3 (2012): 359-376. online
Schiller, Kay, and Chris Young. The 1972 Munich Olympics and the making of modern Germany (Univ of California Press, 2010).
Schulz, Saskia Sarah, Klaus Lenz, and Karin Büttner-Janz. "Severe back pain in elite athletes: a cross-sectional study on 929 top athletes of Germany." European Spine Journal 25.4 (2016): 1204-1210.
Suckow, Christina. "Literature review on brand equity in professional team sport: a German perspective on ice hockey." International Journal of sport management and marketing 5.1-2 (2009): 211-225.
External links
DOSB site
German Football Association | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sport%20in%20Germany |
People is the debut studio album by Irish rock group Hothouse Flowers, released in May 1988.
Track listing
Personnel
Hothouse Flowers
Liam Ó Maonlaí – piano, lead vocals, Hammond organ, harmonica, bodhrán, vibraphone, marimba
Fiachna Ó Braonáin – electric and acoustic guitars, backing vocals, electric sitar
Peter O'Toole – bass, backing vocals, electric guitar, mandolin, bouzouki
Leo Barnes – saxophone, backing vocals
Jerry Fehily – drums, percussion
Additional musicians
Claudia Fontaine - backing vocals (1, 3–5, 8)
Jimmy Chambers - backing vocals (2, 9, 11)
Jimmy Helms - backing vocals (2, 9, 11)
Alicia Previn (aka. Lovely Previn) - electric fiddle (4)
Luís Jardim - percussion
Charts
Weekly charts
Certifications
References
1988 debut albums
Hothouse Flowers albums
Albums produced by Alan Winstanley
Albums produced by Clive Langer
London Records albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/People%20%28Hothouse%20Flowers%20album%29 |
The Muslim Public Affairs Council (MPAC) is a national American Muslim advocacy and public policy organization headquartered in Los Angeles and with offices in Washington, D.C. MPAC was founded in 1988.
According to the organization's website, MPAC seeks to correct misperceptions and improve public understanding and policies that affect American Muslims by engaging directly with key members of the government, media and local communities. The group has been criticized within mainstream American Islam for taking charity in violation of the Quran and for joining an Amicus Brief in the Gerald Lynn Bostock v. Clayton County, Georgia case.
History
The Muslim Public Affairs Council (MPAC) was founded in 1988 at the Islamic Center of Southern California."
In its history, it has condemned the death fatwa against Salman Rushdie and the attacks on the World Trade Center, and denounced the Taliban and Osama bin Laden.
In January 2023, MPAC issued a statement defending a professor who was fired from Hamline University in Minnesota for showing a painting of Muhammad in an art class.
See also
Anti-Defamation League
Council on American–Islamic Relations
References
External links
Political advocacy groups in the United States
Religious activism
Civic and political organizations of the United States
Islamic organizations based in the United States
Organizations based in Los Angeles
Organizations established in 1986
1986 establishments in California | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muslim%20Public%20Affairs%20Council |
Gary Christopher Martin (born 30 May 1966) is former Zimbabwean One Day International cricket bowler who played in five ODIs between 1994 and 1995.
External links
1966 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Marondera
White Zimbabwean sportspeople
Zimbabwe One Day International cricketers
Zimbabwean cricketers
Mashonaland cricketers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gary%20Martin%20%28Zimbabwean%20cricketer%29 |
WOON (1240 AM) is Woonsocket, Rhode Island's oldest radio station, having taken to the air on November 11, 1946 as WWON, a callsign it kept until the current WOON became available in 1992. The change in call became effective on February 3, 1992. On June 26, 1949 WWON added a sister station with WWON-FM on 105.5Mc/s. later moving to 106.3Mc/s. That station is now WWKX.
WWON was owned by the local newspaper The Woonsocket Call for a time. It is currently owned by O-N Radio, Inc. WOON's programming day consists of almost exclusively locally originating programming with a few exceptions (Cowboy Corner, Old Time Radio, The Cowboy Show, and a few other shows). WOON's format is "full-service" meaning it mixes news/talk and music (in WOON's case: oldies & Adult Contemporary among others).
Technical parameters
WOON operates on 1240 kHz with an unlimited power level of 1,000 watts unlimited hours, diplexing off of the WNRI tower. Originally it was licensed at 250 watts, later upgrading to 1,000 watts day/250 watts night before receiving authorization to increase nighttime power to 1,000 watts as well.
Programming
WOON is a full service station. On weekdays WOON begins with morning host Joe Callahan followed by a roundtable discussion program entitled "Coffee An'". Coffee An' is billed by the station as the longest running panel discussion program in American Radio. Following that, WOON's programs consist of a nutrition show, a nostalgia show ("Do You Remember?"), an Astrology show, old-time radio, a midday music/trivia/interview show, varied programs in the mid-afternoon & evening. Weekend programs consist of easy listening music and oldies as well as sports and programs in the Portuguese, Polish & Spanish languages. WOON also serves as the home station for Bryant University athletics & Woonsocket Villanovans sports.
Internet-only stations
Besides its primary AM signal on 1240 kHz, it operates several internet stations including all-news "O-N2", all-sports "O-N3", and internet TV station "O-N TV" plus an on-demand service.
History
1940s
WWON signs on the air with 250 watts (day & night) on November 11, 1946 as Woonsocket's lone radio station. It would add F.M. service with WWON-FM/105.5 on June 26, 1949.
1970s
WWON is listed as a Mutual Network affiliate along with WWON-FM in 1976.
Current morning personality Dave Richards takes over the slot in 1978.
1980s
WWON is part of the Boston Bruins Radio Network. Later that decade, the F.M. station is spun off from the A.M. & becoming WWKX.
1990s
On February 3, 1992 WWON changes calls to WOON after that call becomes available.
2010s
On July 24, 2018 WOON added FM service on 99.5 via translator W258DU.
FM translator
References
1992 Broadcasting & Cable Marketplace, p. A-306
Notice about WOON carrying Celtics games when WEEI-FM is carrying Red Sox Games on the WEEI Celtics Radio Network page
External links
OON
Full service radio stations in the United States
Radio stations established in 1946
Woonsocket, Rhode Island
1946 establishments in Rhode Island | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WOON |
is a Japanese former competitive figure skater. She is the 2006 Four Continents silver medalist, the 2003 Four Continents bronze medalist, the 2005–06 Grand Prix Final bronze medalist, the 2007 Asian Winter Games champion, and a three-time (2006, 2007, 2009) Japanese national bronze medalist. Nakano is one of twelve female skaters to perform a triple Axel in international competition.
Personal life
Yukari Nakano was born on August 25, 1985, in Kōnan, Aichi Prefecture. She has two elder siblings, a brother and sister.
In 2004, Nakano enrolled at Waseda University in Tokyo. She earned her master's degree from Waseda, having studied at the Graduate School of Human Sciences. In 2010, she began working for Fuji Television's Sports Division, becoming a director and journalist.
In April 2015, Nakano married her longtime boyfriend.
Career
Nakano started skating in 1991 at the Grand Prix Tokai Figure Skating Club, where Machiko Yamada was coaching. Nakano met Midori Ito there, who inspired her to take her skating seriously.
On the junior level, Nakano won two ISU Junior Grand Prix events and earned the silver medal at the 2002 World Junior Championships.
At her first senior international event, the 2002 Skate America, Nakano became the third female skater in the history of the sport to land a triple Axel in an ISU sanctioned competition, and the first to have done so in ten years. She went on to land a triple Axel-double toe loop combinations at the 2002 Japanese Nationals, the West Japan Championships 2002, and the Kanto Gakusei Freeskating Championships 2004.
Nakano won her first Grand Prix medals in her fourth season on the circuit: bronze at the 2005 Skate Canada International and gold at the 2005 NHK Trophy. She qualified for the 2005–06 Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final where she took the bronze. She landed triple Axels in five consecutive competitions in 2005 (Yamanashi Kokutai 2005, Kanto Gakusei Freeskating Championships, Tokyo Figure Skating Championships, Skate Canada International, and Asian Figure Skating Championships). At the 2005 Skate Canada, she became the first woman to land a triple Axel under the ISU Judging System in ISU Senior level competition. She placed 5th at the 2005–06 Nationals, missing a berth on the Olympic team. At the World Championships she finished 5th in 2006, 5th in 2007 and 4th in 2008.
In the 2008–09 season, Nakano won the silver medal at the 2008 Skate America and the bronze at the 2008 NHK Trophy. She qualified for the 2008–09 Grand Prix of Figure Skating Final, where she placed fifth. At the 2008–09 Japan Figure Skating Championships, Nakano led after the short program but three of her jumps were downgraded in the free skate, resulting in her placing 6th in the long program and 5th overall. She did not qualify for the 2009 world team.
At her assigned events for the 2009–10 Grand Prix series, Nakano won the bronze medal at the 2009 Trophée Eric Bompard and finished fourth at the 2009 NHK Trophy. Although she won the bronze medal at the 2009–10 Japan Championships, she was not assigned to the 2010 Olympic team; fourth-place finisher Miki Ando was awarded the first Olympic spot due to her highest placement as a Japanese female skater in the 2009–10 Grand Prix Final, along with gold and silver Japanese medalists Mao Asada and Akiko Suzuki.
Nakano retired from competitive skating in March 2010 due to an injury to her left shoulder.
Triple Axel and signature moves
In her regional competition at the beginning of the 2007–08 season, Nakano landed her first clean triple Axel in two years. She consistently attempted the triple Axel that season, receiving credit for it at the 2007 Skate Canada International, 2007 Cup of Russia, and the 2007–08 Grand Prix Final.
Nakano's signature move is the donut spin. She is also known for her leg wrap when she jumps.
Programs
Competitive highlights
GP: Grand Prix; JGP: Junior Grand Prix
Detailed results
Small medals for short program and free skating awarded only at ISU Championships.
Post–2002
Pre–2002
QR = Qualifying round; SP = Short program; FS = Free skating
References
External links
1985 births
Japanese female single skaters
Living people
People from Kōnan, Aichi
Sportspeople from Aichi Prefecture
Four Continents Figure Skating Championships medalists
World Junior Figure Skating Championships medalists
Asian Games medalists in figure skating
Figure skaters at the 2003 Asian Winter Games
Figure skaters at the 2007 Asian Winter Games
Asian Games gold medalists for Japan
Asian Games bronze medalists for Japan
Medalists at the 2003 Asian Winter Games
Medalists at the 2007 Asian Winter Games
Universiade medalists in figure skating
FISU World University Games gold medalists for Japan
Competitors at the 2009 Winter Universiade
Competitors at the 2005 Winter Universiade | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yukari%20Nakano |
Runge may refer to:
Locations
Runge, Texas, a town, United States
Runge (crater), a lunar crater Mare Smythii
Other uses
Runge Newspapers, a newspaper chain in Ontario, Canada
Inspector Heinrich Runge (though it is more often spelled as "Lunge"), a character in the Monster series
Runge (surname), a surname | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Runge |
The Langston Hughes Medal has been awarded annually by the Langston Hughes Festival of the City College of New York since 1978. The medal "is awarded to highly distinguished writers from throughout the African American diaspora for their impressive works of poetry, fiction, drama, autobiography and critical essays that help to celebrate the memory and tradition of Langston Hughes. Each year, the LHF’s Advisory Committee reviews the work of major black writers from Africa to America whose work is accessed as likely having a lasting impact on world literature.".
Recipients
Recipients of the Langston Hughes medallion are:
Chinua Achebe (1993)
Hilton Als (2018)
Maya Angelou (1991)
James Baldwin (1978)
Toni Cade Bambara (1981)
Amiri Baraka (1989)
Gwendolyn Brooks (1979)
Sterling A. Brown (1982)
Dennis Brutus (1987)
Octavia Butler (2005)
Alice Childress (1990)
Lucille Clifton (2003)
Jayne Cortez (2001)
Edwidge Danticat (2011)
Rita Dove (2019)
Michael Eric Dyson (2020)
Ralph W. Ellison (1984)
James A. Emanuel (2003)
Ernest Gaines (1994)
Nikki Giovanni (1996)
John Oliver Killens (1980)
Jamaica Kincaid (2021)
George Lamming (1998)
Paule Marshall (1981)
Toni Morrison (1981)
Walter Mosley (2014)
Albert Murray (1997)
Raymond R. Patterson (1986)
Arnold Rampersad (2003)
Ishmael Reed (1995)
Sonia Sanchez (1999)
Ntozake Shange (2016)
Zadie Smith (2017)
Wole Soyinka (2000)
Sekou Sundiata (2003)
Derek Walcott (2002)
Alice Walker (1988)
Margaret Walker Alexander (1983)
John Edgar Wideman (2004)
Gregory H. Williams (2008)
August Wilson (1992)
Jacqueline Woodson (2015)
References
External links
The Langston Hughes Festival Award
List of Medallion Recipients
American literary awards
Awards honoring African Americans
Awards established in 1973
Literary awards honoring minority groups
African diaspora
African-American literature | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Langston%20Hughes%20Medal |
Southern Season is a gourmet mail-order store based in Graham, North Carolina.
Until its closure in January 2020 after 44 years of operation, the flagship location was an emporium store in Chapel Hill, North Carolina which contained a cooking school, restaurant, and card and flower shop. The retail store also offered free daily gourmet food tastings to walk-in customers.
History
A Southern Season was created in 1975 by Michael Cooper Barefoot as a coffee roastery. In 1978, it was operating primarily as a retail store offering gourmet specialty food items in Chapel Hill. By 2003, it had moved up to a space in Chapel Hill's University Mall, making it one of the largest specialty-only gourmet markets in the United States.
On August 2, 2011, it was announced that ownership of A Southern Season would transfer to TC Capital Fund, a joint venture between Carrboro Capital Corporation and Tryon Capital Ventures, LLC, both companies local to the Triangle region of North Carolina. At the time of purchase, the company dropped the 'A' from its title.
On December 13, 2012, Southern Season announced plans to open a Charleston-area store in the neighboring suburb of Mount Pleasant, South Carolina. This second store opened for business on September 5, 2013. The 44,000 square foot store was located at the Brookgreen Town Center on Coleman Boulevard and included one of the world's largest gourmet food markets. Like the flagship location in Chapel Hill, the Mount Pleasant store featured a selection of local and international products, a full-service restaurant, extensive wine and beer selection, a cooking school and an on-site bakery.
A third store opened on July 31, 2014, in Richmond, Virginia. The 50,000 square foot store was the first business to open in the new mixed-use Libbie Mills development on Staples Mill Road. It closed on April 24, 2016.
In June 2016, Southern Season declared bankruptcy. The former company operated under the name SSI Liquidations. On August 22, 2016, Calvert Retail - a Delaware-based retail company - acquired the Chapel Hill Southern Season store for $3.5 million. The acquisition did not include the Taste stores in Raleigh, Asheville, and Charleston.
On November 11, 2019, it was announced that the store's Weathervane restaurant had closed, and the main store would be closing early the next year. In January 2020 it was reported that the Chapel Hill store had also closed, although the online retail facility based in Graham would continue operating.
Former offerings
Southern Season retail store in Chapel Hill, North Carolina
Weathervane, a restaurant located in the Chapel Hill store.
The Cooking School at Southern Season - located inside the store.
References
External links
Official website
"A Southern Season: Southern Tastes and So Much More" by Lynn Seldon. 2007 "Taste of the South" review of the Chapel Hill store.
1975 establishments in North Carolina
2020 disestablishments in North Carolina | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern%20Season |
Henry Carl Luckey (November 22, 1868 – December 31, 1956) was an American Democratic Party politician.
He was born on November 22, 1868, near East St. Louis, Illinois. In 1873 he moved to Nebraska settling on a farm with his parents near Columbus, Nebraska. He farmed there from 1894 to 1900. He moved to Lincoln, Nebraska and graduated from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln in 1912. He also passed the bar in 1912 and then pursued a postgraduate course at Columbia University in New York City in 1914 and 1915.
He was in the real estate and the construction business from 1917 to 1927, and a member of the board of trustees of Midland Lutheran College in Fremont, Nebraska from 1919 to 1925. He was elected to the Seventy-fourth United States Congress and reelected to the Seventy-fifth United States Congress. He ran twice more in 1938 for the Seventy-sixth United States Congress and in 1940 for the Seventy-seventh United States Congress, but failed to be reelected. He returned then to the real estate business and farming until 1946 when he retired to Richmond, California. He died on December 31, 1956, in El Cerrito, California and is buried there in Sunset View Cemetery.
References
1868 births
1956 deaths
University of Nebraska–Lincoln alumni
People from East St. Louis, Illinois
Politicians from Richmond, California
People from Columbus, Nebraska
Businesspeople from Nebraska
Nebraska lawyers
Columbia University alumni
Democratic Party members of the United States House of Representatives from Nebraska | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20Carl%20Luckey |
"Birthright" is a story spanning the 16th and 17th episodes of the sixth season of the American science fiction television series Star Trek: The Next Generation, the 142nd and 143rd episodes overall.
Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the Starfleet crew of the Federation starship Enterprise-D. In this episode, Worf and Data both seek to know more about their fathers: Worf through visiting a world inside Romulan territory and Data through a newly discovered dream program.
In Part I, the Enterprise 1701-D visits the Deep Space Nine space station, which was featured in the concurrently airing show set in the same science fiction universe, Star Trek: Deep Space Nine. Several actors and sets from that show are featured in this Star Trek: The Next Generation episode.
Plot
Part I
While the Enterprise is docked at Deep Space Nine, providing assistance in repairing the Bajoran aqueducts, Worf is approached by an Yridian information broker, Jaglom Shrek (James Cromwell), who claims that Worf's father was not killed at Khitomer, but is instead alive at a Romulan prison camp. Since Mogh's capture would dishonor Worf and his own son, Worf is reluctant to believe the alien's claim but it upsets him. However, following an accident, Data has a dream-like experience that involves his creator and Data approaches Worf to ask about a time Worf himself had a hallucination during a Klingon ritual. Worf realizes that it is important to learn the truth about his father.
Data continues to pursue the meaning behind his dream. Geordi and Dr. Julian Bashir (DS9's Chief Medical Officer) reluctantly recreate the experiment that caused the dream (a dangerous venture that could damage Data permanently). Data has the same experience, which continues on to a conversation between Data and Dr. Noonien Soong, his creator. Soong encourages Data to continue dreaming. Awake, Data comes to the conclusion that Dr. Soong pre-programmed the ability to dream in anticipation of activating it himself. The energy charge from the experiment simply activated this feature. Data then plans to henceforth spend a brief period each day experiencing these dreams.
Worf suspects the information about his father to be a trick and forces the reluctant Yridian to take him to the prison camp himself. Because of the danger involved, Worf makes the final leg of the journey alone on foot, where he finds the Klingons moving about freely with Romulans. He corners one of the Klingons, who informs him that his father fell in battle at Khitomer as he thought, meaning that Worf's family honor is intact. When Worf offers to free the Klingon prisoners, they insist on staying. Since he is aware of the camp's existence and location, they insist that he must also stay. Two armed Romulans show up to prevent Worf from leaving.
Part II
Part two deals entirely with Worf at the Romulan prison compound. Worf is puzzled by the Klingons' lack of desire to escape, but the elders explain that it is not a prison in the conventional sense: they have chosen to stay, since returning would be a great dishonor to their families, who have assumed the warriors died in battle. Worf is not allowed to leave, however, to keep the compound's secret. He discovers, to his disgust, that some Romulans and Klingons have even inter-married and had hybrid children.
Worf inspires the young Klingons, who were born in the compound and know nothing of their heritage, to be curious. He teaches them Klingon myths, martial arts, hunting, and other elements of their culture. Eventually the head Romulan, Tokath, offers Worf a choice: to live among them according to their rules, or to be executed. Worf chooses death, which is honorable in its defiance. The next morning, at Worf's execution, the young Klingons he has inspired suddenly decide to stand and die with him. Unwilling to kill them all, Tokath allows Worf and the young Klingons to leave. A Romulan warbird delivers them to the Enterprise, which had been searching for Worf since his disappearance from DS9.
Production
"Birthright, Part I" is a crossover episode featuring some of the characters from Star Trek: Deep Space Nine as well as the first time where the DS9 uniform appears on Star Trek: The Next Generation (the TNG crew would later wear those uniforms for Star Trek Generations alongside the TNG uniforms) and the first time where the Deep Space Nine space station appears outside of Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, which would not occur again until "Caretaker", the premiere episode of Star Trek: Voyager.
The A-plot in this story derived from two separate premises. One, pitched by George Brozak, concerned captured Klingons too proud to go home. The other, from Daryl F. Mallett, Arthur Loy Holcomb, and Barbra Wallace, concerned the news that Worf's father Mogh might still be alive after Khitomer.
The B-plot involving Data's dreams is only featured in "Part I" to fill that episode, with no follow-up in "Part II", after it was decided to end "Part I" with Worf's capture.
Guest star Richard Herd had previously appeared in other science fiction television series such as in the main cast of the original miniseries of V and a guest appearance on Quantum Leap. "Birthright" marked his first appearance in the Star Trek franchise, where he played the Klingon L'Kor, the leader of the group that had been captured by the Romulans. Initially the character was intended to be revealed as Worf's father, Mogh, Herd explained that "In the original script, I was Worf's father. That was their initial thought, but then [the producers] decided that it would be too complicated." The role required him to undergo three hours of makeup each day, but he said that "I had such a good time that I would love to do another Star Trek". He would go on to be cast in a recurring role on Star Trek: Voyager as Admiral Owen Paris, the father of Tom Paris.
"Birthright, Part II" was the only episode directed by visual effects supervisor Dan Curry. Curry was the Visual Effects supervisor for the series and normally served as the second unit director.
The matte painting of the Khitomer massacre survivors outpost was later reused as the Bajoran village in the Star Trek: Deep Space Nine episode "Storyteller".
Brent Spiner plays two roles in this episode – that of Data as well as Data's creator, Dr. Noonien Soong.
Reception
In 2011, The A.V. Club rated both Part I of Birthright as a "B+" and Part II with a "B", while noting the theme of fathers. They felt the first half was stronger than the second, but that the episodes are quite distinct. They elaborate that they felt the first part had a good setup which raised a lot of questions, but they felt that this build-up was not really resolved in the second part in a satisfying way, and many questions raised in the first part were not answered at all in the sequel.
In 2019, a listicle published on Screen Rant ranked a character introduced in this episode, Ba'el, as the 5th most important Romulan of the Star Trek franchise, also noting her Romulan and Klingon alien heritage. This episode is noted for depicting a Romulan prison camp, which connects to other plot elements in Worf's character story and the episode. However, the author of another listicle on Screen Rant felt that the romance between Worf and Ba'el was one of the negative one-off romances on the show, in particular they were critical of Worf "being a jerk" about Ba'el’s heritage.
"Birthright" was also recommended by yet another listicle on Screen Rant as background on the character Data, for the series Star Trek: Picard. The author points out how "Birthright" examines Data's dream program.
Releases
The episode was released as part of the Star Trek: The Next Generation season six DVD box set in the United States on December 3, 2002. A remastered HD version was released on Blu-ray optical disc, on June 24, 2014.
References
External links
1993 American television episodes
Crossover science fiction television episodes
Star Trek: The Next Generation (season 6) episodes
Television episodes written by Brannon Braga
Star Trek: The Next Generation episodes in multiple parts | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Birthright%20%28Star%20Trek%3A%20The%20Next%20Generation%29 |
Tyson Fresh Meats, Inc., formerly IBP, Inc. and Iowa Beef Processors, Inc., is an American meat packing company based in Dakota Dunes, South Dakota, United States. IBP was the United States' biggest beef packer and its number two pork processor.
Founded as Iowa Beef Packers, Inc. on March 17, 1960 by Currier J. Holman and A.D. Anderson, it opened its first slaughterhouse in Denison, Iowa, and eliminated the need for skilled workers. The original IBP features prominently in Eric Schlosser's Fast Food Nation as the company that closed down the Chicago meatpacking district as a result of its industrial practices.
In 1967, IBP introduced boxed beef and pork, which were vacuum packed and in smaller portions. It was a new option then, when the traditional method of shipping product was in whole carcass form. The boxed meat also saved energy and transportation costs by eliminating the shipment of fat, bones and trimmings.
When workers in the IBP plant in Dakota City went on strike in 1969, Holman and three top executives held secret meetings with Moe Steinman, a 'labour consultant' with close ties to La Cosa Nostra, in New York, who helped to end the New York butchers' boycott (in support of the meatpackers' strike). After a lengthy investigation of mob involvement in the New York City meat business, Currier J. Holman and IBP were tried and convicted in 1974 for bribing union leaders and meat wholesalers.
To reflect the company's multiple operations, the company changed its name to Iowa Beef Processors, Inc. in 1970. After the company was acquired by the Sauceda family (Juan Sauceda-Matteo Mars and associates)Para sumar a Gibbon Packing NE they expanded operations to pork and to other areas. Iowa Beef Processors, Inc., later became IBP, Inc. Occidental Petroleum owned IBP from 1981 to 1987, and was the majority owner from 1987 to 1991.
IBP was acquired by Tyson Foods in 2001 for US$3.2 billion in cash and stock. Tyson continues to use the IBP name as a brand for its commodity beef and pork products.
See also
Golden Triangle of Meat-packing
References
External links
Tyson Fresh Meats
The Chain Never Stops - Eric Schlosser
Food and drink companies established in 1960
Defunct agriculture companies of the United States
Meat processing in the United States
Defunct manufacturing companies based in South Dakota
Tyson Foods
1960 establishments in Iowa
2001 mergers and acquisitions
Food and drink companies disestablished in 2001
2001 disestablishments in South Dakota | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IBP%2C%20Inc. |
The Philippine crocodile (Crocodylus mindorensis), also known as the Mindoro crocodile, the Philippine freshwater crocodile, the bukarot in Ilocano, and more generally as a buwaya in most Filipino lowland cultures, is one of two species of crocodiles found in the Philippines; the other is the larger saltwater crocodile (Crocodylus porosus). The Philippine crocodile, the species endemic only to the country, went from data deficient to critically endangered in 2008 from exploitation and unsustainable fishing methods, such as dynamite fishing. Conservation methods are being taken by the Dutch/Filipino Mabuwaya foundation, the Crocodile Conservation Society and the Zoological Institute of HerpaWorld in Mindoro island. It is strictly prohibited to kill a crocodile in the country, and it is punishable by law.
Taxonomy
Until 1989, it was considered a subspecies of the New Guinea crocodile (Crocodylus novaeguineae). They are now recognized as closely related but separate species.
Evolution
The genus Crocodylus likely originated in Africa and radiated outwards towards Southeast Asia and the Americas, although an Australia/Asia origin has also been considered. Phylogenetic evidence supports Crocodylus diverging from its closest recent relative, the extinct Voay of Madagascar, around 25 million years ago, near the Oligocene/Miocene boundary.
Phylogeny
Below is a cladogram based on a 2018 tip dating study by Lee & Yates simultaneously using morphological, molecular (DNA sequencing), and stratigraphic (fossil age) data, as revised by the 2021 Hekkala et al. paleogenomics study using DNA extracted from the extinct Voay.
Characteristics
The Philippine crocodile is a crocodilian endemic to the Philippines. It is a relatively small, freshwater crocodile. It has a relatively broad snout and thick bony plates on its back (heavy dorsal armor). This is a fairly small species, reaching breeding maturity at and in both sexes. A individual was found to have a bite force of . Adults rarely exceed and , and only the largest males attain record maximum size of up to , perhaps reaching the maximum weight of in exceptional individuals. Females are slightly smaller than males. Philippine crocodiles are golden-brown in color, which darkens as they mature.
Distribution and habitat
The Philippine crocodile has been extirpated in Samar, Jolo, Negros, Masbate, and Busuanga. Populations still survive in the Northern Sierra Madre Natural Park within the Luzon rainforest, San Mariano, Isabela, Dalupiri island in the Babuyan Islands, Abra (province) in Luzon and the Ligawasan Marsh, Lake Sebu in South Cotabato, Pulangi River in Bukidnon, Paghungawan Marsh in Siargao Island, and possibly in the Agusan Marsh Wildlife Sanctuary in Mindanao. The Philippine crocodile wildlife populations that reside in these locations live geographically isolated from each other, which ultimately impacts their population level differentiation and decreases genetic diversity. It was historically found in parts of Visayas and until the numbers were drastically cut by, mainly, habitat destruction. These crocodiles eat ailing fish in a significantly higher proportion than healthy fish, thus improving the common health of the fish stock. By preying on the most common fish, they balance the fish population; any species which suddenly becomes dominant is put back in its proper proportion. Crocodile droppings are nutritious for the fish and contain critically important chemicals.
Conservation status
Crocodylus mindorensis is considered to be the most severely threatened crocodile species in the world, listed as critically endangered by the IUCN. A population estimate of 100 non-hatchling individuals underlines the critical status of the species. Although this species was once found over the whole of the Philippines, it is now critically endangered. In addition, very little is known about the natural history or ecology of the species, or its relationship with Crocodylus porosus, whose range it overlaps. More surveys are required to determine the present range. Initial population reduction was through commercial exploitation, although the current threat is mainly from removal of suitable habitat for agricultural purposes to satisfy a rapidly expanding human population. Governmental support for any conservation measures is limited, and the crocodiles are often killed by the local populace. Long-term captive breeding and release (through PWRCC, Silliman University, and international breeding centres) is judged to be the best course to take at present, although a management program is imperative for the remainder of the wild population (most of which reside in only one protected area). In 1992, fewer than 1000 animals were estimated to remain in the wild. In 1995, that estimate was revised to be no more than 100 nonhatchlings (hatchlings are rarely counted in surveys because their survival rate is so low). One of the threats to the diminishing population of Philippine crocodile is because it is misunderstood. In mainstream Filipino society, crocodiles are considered dangerous man-eaters and compared to corrupt government officials and law enforcers. They are respected by the indigenous community: in research conducted among permanent residents of Lake Panlabuhan, a tributary of the famous Agusan Marsh, the acceptance of the crocodiles among these residents is very high and their risk perception is very low. However, the crocodile have an image problem with outsiders. To many, they are viewed as man-eaters. In reality, the crocodile is small and will not attack people unless provoked.
Since October 2021, C. mindorensis has been classified as Critically Depleted by the IUCN.
The killing of crocodiles seems to be the major cause of the decreasing number of this species. In northeast Luzon, a community-based conservation approach developed under the Crocodile Rehabilitation Observance and Conservation (CROC) project was adopted with the aim of reaching sustainable co-habitation of crocodiles and local people.
In 2007, a specialist group was founded by several people within the Philippines, involved in crocodilian conservation. The Crocodile Conservation Society Philippines and the Zoological Institute of HerpaWorld are working on conservation breeding and release programs. C. mindorensis was considered locally extinct in part of its former range in northern Luzon until a live specimen was caught in San Mariano, Isabela, in 1999. That individual, nicknamed 'Isabela' by its captors, was given to the care of the Crocodile Rehabilitation Observance and Conservation until it was released in August 2007. The specimen was 1.6 m long at the time of its release.
The Philippine crocodile became nationally protected by law in 2001 with the enactment of Republic Act 9147 known as the Wildlife Act. It is punishable to kill a crocodile, with a maximum penalty of ₱100,000 (equivalent to about $2,500). The Philippine Senate introduced resolution no. 790 on May 31, 2012, to further strengthen and augment existing laws for the protection of the Philippine crocodile and the saltwater crocodile.
Media
This crocodile was featured in National Geographic's Dangerous Encounters hosted by crocodile specialist Dr. Brady Barr. In one of the episodes, Barr sought to be the first person to see all species of crocodiles in the world. Fortunately, he was able to see a Philippine crocodile that was about two weeks old.
The hatching of a Philippine crocodile was recorded in GMA News Born to Be Wild. They also recorded that tropical fire ants, an invasive species, eat unhatched endangered bukarot eggs. The media team saved a nest from a fire ant attack. Also recorded were adult Philippine crocodiles.
Common names
Aside from the general term buwaya or buaya (which generally apply to C. porosus but can also apply to C. mindorensis in languages where the two species are not differentiated), they were known by various names throughout the islands. In Spanish colonial records, the two species were often differentiated as cocodrilo (for C. porosus) and caimán for (for C. mindorensis), but this distinction is not followed by English dictionaries and translations.
In northen Luzon, Cagayan Valley, and the Sierra Madre mountain range, they were known as bukarot or bokarot in Ilocano, Isneg, Ibanag, and Yogad; lamag in Itawis, Yogad, Dupaningan Agta, and Kalinga; and lamig in Gaddang.
In southern Luzon and the central islands of the Philippines, they were known also known as tigbin in Tagalog; barangitaw in Bikol, Mangyan, and Eastern Visayas; balanghitao or balangita in Cebuano and Central Visayan languages; and also burangas or burangaris in Mangyan.
In Mindanao and Palawan, they are known as nguso in Agusan Manobo; sapding in Mandaya; balangitao or dagorogan in Maranao; bungut in Batak; and bungot in Tagbanwa.
Mythology, folklore and cultural significance
In the pre-colonial anito beliefs throughout the Philippine islands, crocodiles (both C. mindorensis and C. porosus) were feared and revered, which played a key role in their survival up until modern times. The Spanish recorded that rivers and lakes were filled with crocodiles, and people often lived and fished close to them, which alarmed most European observers. Some communities put up small bamboo fences to keep crocodiles out from certain areas and people avoided provoking them, but in general, they didn't take many specific precautions against them. There was an unspoken "peace pact" between crocodiles and people. There were very strict taboos against killing crocodiles or eating crocodile meat. And crocodiles which attack or kill a person are always killed by the community.
It was widely believed that crocodiles never attacked people arbitrarily. Thus attacks by crocodiles were regarded with fatalistic attitudes, as being the fault of the victim for transgressing taboos, or as punishment by the spirits for breaking an oath. The Spanish conquistador Miguel López de Legazpi records in 1571 that his treaties with Sulayman, Ache, and Lakandula of Manila and Tondo were sworn on the condition that they would die and be eaten by crocodiles if they break the agreements. Regardless, being eaten by a crocodile was regarded as an honorable death, as it ensured that the soul of the person would be safely transported to the spirit world by the crocodile via the rainbow.
Crocodiles regarded with superstition can be generally divided into three kinds: crocodiles which are reincarnations of ancestors (anito), embodiments of powerful nature spirits (diwata), or shapeshifted malevolent spirits or witches (aswang). Not all crocodiles are seen as personifications of these three, but crocodiles with extraordinary traits, like being very large, being uncharacteristically docile, having strange coloration, being crippled or having visible birth defects, are often regarded as such. In several creation myths of the islands, the creator deity is a crocodile, and crocodiles were often seen as guardians of the spirit world (where the dead go) and psychopomps who lead the spirits of the dead safely. Crocodiles were also believed to also exist in a sort of parallel spirit world, often interpreted as an underwater village. Several ethnic groups also consider crocodiles to be their direct ancestors, and datu and warriors often traced their lineage to crocodiles. Crocodiles were also often addressed with kinship titles like nono ("grandfather").
Depictions of crocodiles were commonly carved into coffins or woven into funeral clothes to protect the spirit of the deceased. Crocodile teeth were also commonly worn as agimat (amulets) for protection against disease and evil spirits.
In modern Filipino culture, crocodiles are perceived negatively. They are regarded as vermin and a threat to small children and livestock. They are also associated with greed, deceit, corruption, and nepotism. The term buwaya is frequently used as an insult for corrupt politicians and government officials, moneylenders, and the police.
References
Further reading
Philippine Crocodile: WhoZoo
Crocodilian Species-Philippine Crocodile (Crocodylus mindorensis)
"Crocodylus mindorensis - HerpaWorld"
External links
Mabuwaya Foundation
Crocodylidae
Endemic fauna of the Philippines
Reptiles of the Philippines
Fauna of Mindanao
Critically endangered fauna of Asia
Reptiles described in 1935
Crocodilians of Asia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Philippine%20crocodile |
Christopher Dale Flannery, nicknamed "Mr Rent-a-Kill" (born 1948 – disappeared 9 May 1985) is alleged to have been an Australian contract killer. Coming from a working class background in a culture that was suspicious of police, it was no surprise that after leaving Melbourne he entered a life of crime and gang warfare that only ended with his disappearance.
Background and early career
Flannery was born in Brunswick, Victoria. He left school at the age of fourteen and received his first criminal conviction later that year. At 17, he was convicted of housebreaking, auto theft, assault against police, carrying firearms and rape, and was sentenced to seven years imprisonment.
Criminal career
In 1974, Flannery and two other men were alleged to have committed an armed robbery on a David Jones store in Perth. They were arrested in Sydney by Detective Sergeant Roger Rogerson. It has been alleged that Flannery paid a bribe to Rogerson to escape conviction. Flannery was extradited to Perth but acquitted at trial. However, he was jailed on an outstanding Victorian warrant for rape.
Mr Rent-a-Kill
On his release from prison, Flannery became a bouncer at Mickey's Disco, a night club in St Kilda, but was quickly bored by the work and moved into contract killing, hence the moniker "Mr Rent-A-Kill". According to police, one of his first jobs was the murder of barrister Roger Anthony Wilson. In August 1980, Flannery, Mark Alfred Clarkson and Kevin John Henry "Weary" Williams were arrested and charged with Wilson's murder. His body was never found but police alleged that the trio had forced him off the road, abducted him and taken him to Pakenham, where Flannery shot him. Flannery is said to have missed and Wilson, bleeding profusely from a head wound, tried to escape. Flannery is then alleged to have gone "mad" and emptied his gun into Wilson's head and back.
In October 1981, Flannery, Clarkson and Williams were all acquitted. As Flannery left the court, detectives from New South Wales Police immediately arrested him for the murder of Sydney brothel owner Raymond Francis "Lizard" Locksley, who had been murdered at Menai on 11 May 1979. In 1982, a jury failed to reach a verdict and a retrial was adjourned until 18 April 1984. Flannery was subsequently acquitted. Flannery's trial had been scheduled for 31 January 1984. However, he was provided with a medical certificate by Geoffrey Edelsten certifying that he was unfit for trial in order to avoid Flannery being tried by a particular judge. Edelsten was convicted on 27 July 1990 for perverting the course of justice and also for soliciting Flannery to assault a former patient. Edelsten was jailed for a year.
After his acquittal, Flannery bought a house in Turrella and brought his wife, Kathleen, and children up from Melbourne. Flannery went to work as a bodyguard for Sydney crime figure George Freeman. In late 1984, he became embroiled in the Sydney gangland war and sided with Neddy Smith. Smith claims that Flannery became paranoid and "was running around shooting at anyone he thought had anything to do with [Barry McCann] or Tom Domican". He claims that police attempted to negotiate an end to the gang wars but that Flannery refused to stop the killings. At one meeting, according to Smith, Flannery told a high-ranking police officer, "You're not a protected species, you know – you're not a fucking koala!"
On 6 June 1984, Flannery is alleged to have been the gunman in the attempted murder of a Sydney Drug Squad detective, Michael Drury. Drury had been the undercover agent involved in a police drug operation which resulted in charges being laid against Flannery's friend, Alan Williams. Williams later testified that Flannery had attempted to bribe Drury through Rogerson in order to get the charges against Williams dismissed. When Drury rejected repeated attempts at bribery, Williams claims, he agreed to pay Flannery and Rogerson $50,000 each to murder Drury. On what he thought was his deathbed, Drury told detectives he believed he was shot because of "the Melbourne job".
As Flannery and his wife walked towards their house on 27 January 1985, the residence was sprayed with thirty shots from an Armalite rifle. No one was seriously injured, though Flannery was shot through the hand as he pushed his wife's head down and he suffered some other minor abrasions. Flannery blamed Domican, who was later charged and convicted of attempted murder, but the conviction was overturned on appeal. Rogerson was seen in the area in the days after the shooting and was interviewed by police. He claimed he was just curious to see what kind of damage such a gun could do. He was released without charge. Drury was also interviewed, but was not considered a serious suspect.
On 23 April 1985, Flannery was allegedly sent to murder Tony "Spaghetti" Eustace. Eustace was found by two schoolchildren who were returning home from sports training at about 7pm. He had been shot six times in the back outside the Airport Hilton in North Arncliffe and was lying beside his gold Mercedes, bleeding profusely. He was rushed to hospital. Police attempted to speak to him, but Eustace told them to "fuck off" and died a short time later.
By the time of his disappearance and presumed death, police stated that they believed Flannery to have been responsible for up to a dozen murders.
Disappearance
Not long after the attack on his family, Flannery moved into an inner Sydney apartment which was close to CIB headquarters. On 9 May 1985, Flannery received a phone call from Freeman asking for a meeting. Flannery, in leaving for the rendezvous, was unable to start his car. Flannery contacted Freeman who told him to catch a taxi. Flannery did so; after exiting The Connaught, where he lived, onto Liverpool Street, he was never seen again. It has been claimed by Smith that police may have been responsible for Flannery's disappearance, as Smith noticed him enter a police car with officers he knew on 9 May. The officers had allegedly offered to take Flannery to meet with Freeman.
Coroner's findings
On 6 June 1997, New South Wales State Coroner Greg Glass handed down the finding that Flannery was murdered most probably on or about 9 May 1985. He also found that the key to solving the murder lay with Rogerson. On 22 February 2004, Rogerson told the Seven Network Sunday programme, "Flannery was a complete pest. The guys up here in Sydney tried to settle him down. They tried to look after him as best they could, but he was, I believe, out of control. Maybe it was the Melbourne instinct coming out of him. He didn't want to do as he was told, he was out of control, and having overstepped that line, well, I suppose they said he had to go but I can assure you I had nothing to do with it." Flannery left a wife and two children.
In popular culture
Flannery's early experience in prison was the inspiration for the Ray Mooney play and subsequent 1994 Alkinos Tsilimidos film Everynight ... Everynight. The main character Dale (portrayed in the film by David Field) was based on Flannery. Mooney, a Melbourne author and playwright, was a friend of Flannery's and used some of the real and alleged events in Flannery's life as the basis for his 1988 novel A Green Light featuring a protagonist called Johnny Morgan based on Flannery.
Blue Murder is a 1995 two-part mini-series based on events that led to the Wood Royal Commission into corruption in the NSW Police Force. Flannery was portrayed by Gary Sweet.
In the 2009 series Underbelly: A Tale of Two Cities, Dustin Clare portrays Flannery as a reckless bully with links to the planning of the Great Bookie robbery and to drug trafficker Robert Trimbole. In the series, he is eventually murdered by Lenny McPherson and George Freeman.
In the first episode and world premiere on 24 June 2010 Australian true-crime series Tough Nuts: Australia's Hardest Criminals on the Crime & Investigation Network channel, Stan "The Man" Smith was named as Flannery's killer. It is hosted by crime writer Tara Moss.
See also
List of fugitives from justice who disappeared
List of unsolved murders
References
Further reading
External links
Domican v. The Queen
Investigation into the relationship between Police and Criminals: First Report
Regina v Arthur Stanley Smith
Report on Investigation into Use of Informers
Research Report on Trends in Police Corruption
Royal Commission into the NSW Police Service Final Report - Volume 1 - Corruption
Royal Commission into the NSW Police Service Final Report - Volume 2 - Reform
Smith, R. Controlling the Interception of Communications: Law or Technology?, Australian Institute of Criminology, 1997
Trends in Police Corruption
1948 births
1979 murders in Australia
1985 murders in Australia
1985 deaths
20th-century Australian criminals
1980s missing person cases
Australian murder victims
Australian gangsters
Bodyguards
Contract killers
Organised crime in Sydney
Australian people convicted of assault
Criminals from Melbourne
People acquitted of murder
People murdered in New South Wales
Unsolved murders in Australia
Australian people convicted of rape
People convicted of theft
Missing person cases in Australia
People from Brunswick, Victoria | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christopher%20Dale%20Flannery |
The Canadian International AutoShow (CIAS) is Canada's largest auto show. This event has been held in Toronto, Ontario since 1974 and is staged annually in February at the Metro Toronto Convention Centre. It draws an average of 300,000 visitors throughout its showing from Ontario and Western New York.
The Canadian International AutoShow in partnership with Toronto Star and Wheels.ca exhibits over 1,000 cars, trucks, and SUVs as well as, concept cars, exotics, classics, and alternative energy vehicles. Toronto Star and Wheels.ca is the presenting Title Sponsor and Show Program Publisher of the Canadian International AutoShow. The AutoShow also rents booths to over 125 exhibitors promoting contests, products, services and even locally owned vehicles.
The 2021 and 2022 editions of the event, were cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
References
External links
Official website.
Recurring events established in 1974
Auto shows in Canada
1974 establishments in Canada
Winter events in Canada | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Canadian%20International%20AutoShow |
Quiet City may refer to:
Quiet City (play), a 1939 drama by Irwin Shaw
Quiet City (music), a 1941 composition by Aaron Copland extracted from his incidental music written for the Shaw play
Quiet City (film), a 2007 film by Aaron Katz
Quiet City, a video game developed by Increpare Games | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quiet%20City |
Patrice Archetto (born on December 3, 1972) is a Canadian former pair skater. With Anabelle Langlois, he is the 2002 Four Continents silver medallist.
Career
Archetto teamed up with Anabelle Langlois in 1998. She fractured her skull as a result of a fall on a throw jump at the 1998 Canadian Championships. Langlois and Archetto won the silver medal at the 2002 Four Continents Championships, five Grand Prix medals, and five Canadian national medals. Jan Ullmark coached the pair in Edmonton. Their partnership ended when Archetto retired from competition in 2005.
Programs
(with Langlois)
Competitive highlights
GP: Grand Prix
With Langlois
With Luis
References
External links
1972 births
Living people
Canadian male pair skaters
Olympic figure skaters for Canada
Figure skaters at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Figure skaters from Montreal
Four Continents Figure Skating Championships medalists
20th-century Canadian people
21st-century Canadian people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrice%20Archetto |
João Paulo Lopes "J. P." Batista (born October 29, 1981) is a Brazilian former professional basketball player and current coach. Standing at , he played the power forward position. He played college basketball at Gonzaga University and also started his coaching career with the Bulldogs as an assistant coach.
Early life
Batista was born and raised in Olinda, Pernambuco, attended Colegio Atual school in Olinda and was named State Player of the Year as a senior in 2001.
College career
Batista arrived at Gonzaga in 2004, after spending the first year of his college career at Western Nebraska Community College and the second at Barton County Community College in Kansas, where he mentored teammate and fellow international student Antanas Kavaliauskas. He finished his first season with Gonzaga averaging 12 points and 6 rebounds per game, and was named the top newcomer in the West Coast Conference.
Playing alongside the All-American Adam Morrison, Batista finished the 2005-06 NCAA basketball season averaging over 19 points and 9 rebounds per game, while shooting a remarkable 59 percent from the field and 83 percent from the free-throw line.
Professional career
Despite his impressive collegiate statistics, Batista was generally ignored by the scouts leading up to the 2006 NBA draft, with his lack of athleticism and his age (he was nearly 25 at the time of the draft, unusually old for a college prospect) hindering his chances of being drafted. Batista played for the NBA's Minnesota Timberwolves entry in the Las Vegas Summer League, but he was not signed by the team.
He accepted an offer to play for Lietuvos rytas in Vilnius, Lithuania in the LKL and ULEB Cup. With Lietuvos rytas he played in the ULEB Cup and Lithuanian basketball Cup finals, and won the BBL championship. Their 2006-07 ULEB Cup run ended in a loss in the final to Real Madrid, but since Real had already qualified for the 2007-08 Euroleague through their league position, Lietuvos rytas received the Euroleague berth that normally goes to the ULEB Cup winners.
On June 16, 2014, he signed a two-year deal with French club Limoges CSP. With them he won the 2014–15 LNB Pro A championship. On June 25, 2015, he parted ways with Limoges.
On July 16, 2015, he returned to Brazil and signed with Flamengo.
On June 25, 2019, he has signed a contract with Le Mans Sarthe of the LNB Pro A.
Coaching career
On August 14, 2022, Batista joined the Gonzaga Bulldogs as an assistant coach, thus returning to his alma mater after 16 years.
EuroLeague career statistics
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2007–08
| style="text-align:left;"| Lietuvos Rytas
| 11 || 0 || 8.0 || .516 || .000 || .556 || 1.5 || .2 || .1 || .0 || 3.4 || 2.0
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2008–09
| style="text-align:left;"| Le Mans
| 10 || 7 || 23.5 || .570 || .000 || .667 || 3.8 || 1.5 || .7 || .4 || 11.4 || 9.9
|-
| style="text-align:left;"| 2014–15
| style="text-align:left;"| Limoges CSP
| 10 || 1 || 17.1 || .455 || .000 || .818 || 2.1 || 1.0 || .2 || .2 || 7.8 || 6.0
National team career
Batista represents the senior men's Brazilian national basketball team and he was a part of the 2010 FIBA World Championship squad.
References
External links
Profile at euroleague.net
Profile at eurobasket.com
Profile at espn.go.com
Profile at fiba.com
Profile at lnb.fr
1981 births
Living people
2010 FIBA World Championship players
Barton Cougars men's basketball players
Basketball players at the 2007 Pan American Games
Basketball players at the 2015 Pan American Games
BC Rytas players
BK Barons players
Brazilian expatriate basketball people in France
Brazilian expatriate basketball people in Lithuania
Brazilian expatriate basketball people in the United States
Brazilian men's basketball players
Expatriate basketball people in Latvia
Flamengo basketball players
Gonzaga Bulldogs men's basketball players
Le Mans Sarthe Basket players
Limoges CSP players
Mogi das Cruzes Basquete players
Novo Basquete Brasil players
Pan American Games gold medalists for Brazil
Pan American Games medalists in basketball
People from Olinda
Power forwards (basketball)
Western Nebraska Cougars men's basketball players
Medalists at the 2015 Pan American Games
Sportspeople from Pernambuco | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.%20P.%20Batista |
Islam is one of the smallest minority faiths in Costa Rica, whose state religion is Catholic Christianity. Without an official number by any state entity, it is considered that the number of Muslims in Costa Rica could be between 1000 and 1500 people, mostly emigrants from Algeria, India, Iraq, Iran, Lebanon, Morocco, Egypt , Somalia, Pakistan, Palestine and Syria. This number includes Muslims who have immigrated to Costa Rican territory as well as those Costa Ricans who have embraced the Islamic faith through conversion, whose number is estimated to be at around 100. The number of Muslims corresponding to the Sunni and Shia factions is also unknown, although it is generally considered that the Sunnis are the majority.
There are four mosques in Costa Rica; 1st: the Omar Mosque and Islamic Center of Costa Rica (Sunni) located in the Montelimar district in the Goicoechea Canton, which meets on Friday afternoons and is managed by the Muslim Cultural Center of Costa Rica. This was the first in the country and was founded in 2002. It is officiated by the Panama-born Sheikh Masihullah Bhana Patel and affiliated with the Islamic World Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization based in Rabat, Morocco. 2nd: The Light and Faith Mosque, also Sunni, is located in downtown San José and it is presided over by Jennifer Rashida Torres. 3rd: The Belén Mosque, also Sunni, is located in La Ribera, Belén, Heredia. It is managed by panama born sheikh Masihullah Badat Rawat, Belen mosque is open for all 5 prayers a day as well as Friday prayer is held regularly. 4th: The Shiite mosque is sponsored by the Sahar Cultural Center and is located also in San José. Before the foundation of the Shia mosque, the Shiites congregated to pray in a private house or attended the Sunni mosque without problems. Ahmadiya Muslims also have a center in Costa Rica.
See also
Religion in Costa Rica
References
Islam by country | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam%20in%20Costa%20Rica |
"Frame of Mind" is the 147th episode of the American science fiction television series Star Trek: The Next Generation. The 21st episode of the sixth season debuted on May 3, 1993, on television. The story was written by Brannon Braga and directed by James L. Conway, and it is focused on some experiences of First Officer Riker.
Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the Starfleet crew of the Federation starship Enterprise-D. In this episode, Commander Riker switches between mental realities: performing in one of Dr. Crusher's plays, preparing for an undercover away mission and being an inmate in an alien asylum for the criminally insane, charged with murder.
The episode first aired in broadcast syndication the week of May 1, 1993.
Plot
Prior to taking a covert mission, Riker is rehearsing for a theater play "Frame of Mind" for the Enterprise. The play involves Riker's character confined to a mental asylum, and involves a soliloquy regarding the nature of being sane. During practice for the mission, he is accidentally injured by Lt. Worf on the side of his head, and while Dr. Crusher heals the wound, Riker still experiences some pain there. Riker performs the play for the crew, and receives a standing ovation, except for one officer in the center of the crowd who frowns at the performance. Riker takes a bow, but when he straightens, he finds the audience gone, himself trapped in a cell similar to the set for the play. An alien humanoid doctor iterates "I see we still have much work to do", a line from the play, before locking Riker in the cell.
Later, Riker is taken to the asylum cafeteria, reminded that he is there because he killed a man. Riker becomes agitated by this news, and the doctors inject him with more drugs, knocking him out. Riker finds himself back on the Enterprise, but this is a figment of his imagination: after seeing one of the alien doctors several times, he flees to his quarters only to find himself back in the asylum cell. The doctors, attempting to quench Riker's hallucinations about the Enterprise, use a procedure that produces holographic projections of the Enterprise that Riker is forced to reject to gain the confidence of his doctor.
The next day while in the cafeteria, Riker refuses to talk with what he believes is a hallucination of Dr. Crusher, warning him that they are planning on rescuing him. That night, Worf and Data appear and free Riker, overwhelming the guards and returning him to the Enterprise. Riker, still defiant that the Enterprise is not real, complains of pain in his head, the same wound from before. Dr. Crusher cures it but it returns immediately, leading Riker to believe that this is another hallucination. He proves this to himself by firing a phaser at himself; the scene shatters, and he finds himself back in the asylum cell under the watchful eye of the doctors. He realizes he is still holding a phaser, though the doctors claim that it is a knife. When the head pain strikes again, Riker dismisses this scene as reality, and sets the phaser to overload, which would take half the facility with it. When it goes off, he finds himself on the stage of his play, the crowd giving a standing ovation. Riker refuses to accept this as real, and pounds on the wall of the set, shattering that reality.
Riker recovers consciousness to find himself on an operating table, a device inserted into his head where he has been experiencing pain. Riker frees himself from the table, renders an alien doctor unconscious, and recovers his communication badge on a nearby table, requesting an immediate beam-out. Riker shortly finds himself back safely aboard the Enterprise. As Dr. Crusher tends to his wounds, he learns that he was captured on the covert mission he was on, and the aliens were scanning his brain to discover strategic information about the Federation. The strange experiences he saw were a result of his own subconscious fighting against the probe. After recovering, Riker returns to the set of the play one last time to dismantle it.
Production
The story was written by Brannon Braga and directed by James L. Conway, and it is focused on some experiences of First Officer Riker. Braga's initial idea for the story was: "What if Riker wakes up in an insane asylum?" Conway had previously directed TNG episodes "Justice" and "The Neutral Zone" in season one.
The show guest stars Susanna Thompson as Jaya, her second appearance on The Next Generation. Thompson would later return in the Deep Space Nine episode "Rejoined", and as the Borg Queen in several episodes of Star Trek: Voyager. David Selburg, Andrew Prine and Gary Werntz also guest star.
Reception
In 2001, The A.V. Club rated this episode an "A−" and said it was actor Jonathan Frakes' best performance so far in the series.
In 2012, Keith DeCandido of Tor.com gave the episode a rating of nine out of ten.
In 2016, The Hollywood Reporter rated "Frame of Mind" the 68th best episode of all Star Trek episodes and the 16th best episode of Star Trek: The Next Generation, and again in May 2019 they ranked it as one of the top 25 episodes of this show, describing it as a "dark and ambitious" episode with a script that played with the audience's sense of reality.
Wired ranked "Frame of Mind" as one of the best episodes of Star Trek: The Next Generation in a 2012 review, and quoted writer Ronald D. Moore: "I thought it was interesting how 'Frame of Mind' used a play as a bridge to drive Riker between reality and madness," Moore said.
In 2017, Heroes & Icons listed this episode as one of 18 Star Trek episodes featuring scary or eerie content.
In 2017, Den of Geek ranked this episode as one of the top 25 "must watch" episodes of Star Trek: The Next Generation.
In 2018, The Gamer ranked this as the 20th creepiest episode of all Star Trek, noting how the audience is not sure what is real and calling it "uncomfortable".
In 2019, The Hollywood Reporter listed this among the 25 best episodes of Star Trek: The Next Generation.
In 2020, Den of Geek ranked "Frame of Mind" as the fourth most scary episode of all Star Trek franchise television episodes.
In 2021, Screen Rant ranked it the second scariest episode of all Star Trek franchise episodes. They praised actor Jonathan Frakes performance and a high-quality story.
Releases
The episode was released as part of the Star Trek: The Next Generation season six DVD box set in the United States on December 3, 2002. A remastered HD version was released on Blu-ray on June 24, 2014.
On November 3, 1999, this was released on LaserDisc in the United States, paired with "Suspicions". The two episodes together had a runtime of 93 minutes, and it had a Dolby Surround audio track.
See also
The Big Goodbye (also has David Selburg cast)
TNG
Night Terrors (March 18, 1991)
Schisms (October 19, 1992)
Chain of Command, Part I & Part II (December 14, 1992 & December 21, 1992)
Sub Rosa (January 31, 1994)
Genesis (March 21, 1994)
Voyager
Projections (September 11, 1995), this Voyager episode also plays with the character's sense of reality
Other
Total Recall (1990 film) (A construction worker's memory implant goes awry)
References
External links
Star Trek: The Next Generation (season 6) episodes
1993 American television episodes
Television episodes written by Brannon Braga
Television episodes directed by James L. Conway
Television episodes set in psychiatric hospitals | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frame%20of%20Mind%20%28Star%20Trek%3A%20The%20Next%20Generation%29 |
VR – Crushing the World is a DVD compilation by American heavy metal band Vicious Rumors, released in 2005. It contains several live performances, backstage clips, the MTV-era videos produced by Gore Verbinski, and three (at the time) new/unreleased songs.
Contents
"Down to the Temple"
"On the Edge"
"Digital Dictator"
"Poveglia"*
"March or Die"
"Fight"*
"You Only Live Twice"
"Don't Wait for Me"
"Lady Took a Chance"
"Broken Wings"*
"Abandoned"
"Against the Grain"
"Children"
"Don't Wait for Me"
"The Voice"
*Previously unreleased material.
Personnel
Geoff Thorpe: guitars
Mark McGee: guitars
Vinnie Moore: guitars
Ira Black: guitars
Brian O'Connor: vocals
Carl Albert: vocals
Dave Starr: bass
Tommy Sisco: bass
Cornbread: bass
Larry Howe: drums
Will Carroll: drums
Dan Lawson: drums
Allyson Erick: "Rockumentary" director
Karl Fredrick Anderson II: Rockumentary producer, Global Recording Artists
Allyson Erick: Rockumentary producer, Global Recording Artists
References
2005 video albums
Vicious Rumors video albums
2005 live albums
Live video albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VR%20%E2%80%93%20Crushing%20the%20World |
Craigmyle is a hamlet in Alberta, Canada within Starland County. It is located between the towns of Delia and Hanna. It was named in 1912 by a Canadian Northern Railway ahead of the train's arrival in April 1914. The name is said to be based on a Scottish estate. Previously incorporated as a village, Craigmyle dissolved to become a hamlet on 1 January 1972.
Climate
Demographics
The population of Craigmyle according to the 2013 municipal census conducted by Starland County is 79.
See also
List of communities in Alberta
List of former urban municipalities in Alberta
List of hamlets in Alberta
References
Hamlets in Alberta
Former villages in Alberta
Starland County
Populated places disestablished in 1972 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craigmyle%2C%20Alberta |
"What's in a Name?" is a mystery short story by American writer Isaac Asimov. It first appeared in the June 1956 issue of The Saint Detective Magazine under the title Death of a Honey-Blonde and was reprinted in the 1968 collection Asimov's Mysteries under its original title.
Plot summary
An unnamed detective arrives to investigate a mysterious death at Carmody University. Louella-Marie Busch and Susan Morey were known as the "library twins" due to their similar appearance and work at the science reference library. Busch is dead after drinking tea laced with potassium cyanide. The detective proves, with a professor's help, that it was the survivor, Morey, who prepared the tea by showing that she did not know the name of the one person who inquired at the reference desk while the tea was being prepared, a furrier named Ernest Beilstein. Professor Rodney alleges that Morey could not possibly have forgotten this due to the coincidence of his sharing a name with Beilstein's Handbook of Organic Chemistry, a sixty volume encyclopedia of chemical compounds and reactions.
Allusions to other works
The title is from William Shakespeare's Romeo and Juliet (Act 2, scene 2): "What's in a name? that which we call a rose/
By any other name would smell as sweet".
External links
Short stories by Isaac Asimov
1956 short stories
Mystery short stories
Works originally published in American magazines
Works originally published in mystery fiction magazines
Works originally published in pulp magazines | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/What%27s%20in%20a%20Name%3F%20%28short%20story%29 |
Çağla Kubat (; born 16 November 1978) is a Turkish model, actress and windsurfer who is member of Fenerbahçe sailing & windsurfing team. She is 5 feet 10 (1.80m) tall.
She was born in İzmir. She graduated from Italian High School of Istanbul and Istanbul Technical University with a bachelor's degree in mechanical engineering. She was the first runner-up for the Miss Turkey 2002 beauty pageant and represented Turkey at Miss Universe 2002.
She speaks English and Italian fluently.
Sports
Çağla is also a champion windsurfer, having won the IFCA windsurfing European Slalom Championship in 2005, in Alaçatı. In 2006, in her first PWA (Professional Windsurfers Association) event, she placed 6th in IFCA Slalom World Championship.
She founded her own windsurfing school "Çağla Kubat Windsurf Academy" in Alaçatı, İzmir Province. She ranked third in the women's category at the 2012 World Slalom Championship in Spain. In 2013, she became champion in the Master Female Slalom category of the IFCA Junior, Youth & Masters Slalom World Championships held in Alaçatı. She took the third rank at the 2013 World Cup.
Çağla Kubat's pastimes besides windsurfing are snowboarding, wakeboarding, rollerblading, horseback riding and scuba diving and playing tennis.
Acting
She starred in successful leading female roles in two Turkish TV series to date. These are Sağır Oda ("The deaf room") in 2006 and Kuzey Rüzgarı ("The northern wind") with Kadir İnanır and Oktay Kaynarca. She also had a leading role on Arka Sokaklar from 2009 to 2011.
Personal life
Çağla Kubat married American surfer Jimmy Diaz on 21 September 2013.
References
External links
Official website
Çağla Kubat sailor profile (page 6) at Professional Windsurfers Association
1978 births
20th-century Turkish actresses
Female windsurfers
Fenerbahçe windsurfers
Istanbul Technical University alumni
Liceo Italiano alumni
Living people
Miss Universe 2002 contestants
Sportspeople from İzmir
Turkish beauty pageant winners
Turkish female models
Turkish mechanical engineers
Turkish sportswomen
Turkish television actresses
Turkish windsurfers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C3%87a%C4%9Fla%20Kubat |
Question and Answer is an album by guitarist Pat Metheny with acoustic bassist Dave Holland and drummer Roy Haynes.
Metheny won the 1991 Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Composition for "Change of Heart"
Track listing
Personnel
Pat Metheny – guitar, Synclavier on "Three Flights Up"
Dave Holland – double bass
Roy Haynes – drums
Charts
Awards
Grammy Awards
References
1989 albums
Pat Metheny albums
Geffen Records albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Question%20and%20Answer%20%28album%29 |
Honduras is a predominantly Christian country, with Islam being a small minority religion. Due to secular nature of the country's constitution, Muslims are free to proselytize and build places of worship in the country. The statistics for Islam in Honduras estimate a total Muslim population of 11,000 representing 0.1 percent of the population.
Although there are no official statistics, it is estimated that more than 300,000 of the country's ten million inhabitants are of Arab descent, and of these, the great majority are Palestinian and Lebanese arabs. However, the vast majority of these Arabs are of Orthodox and Catholic Christian descent. No other country in the Western Hemisphere has a higher proportion of Arab immigrants and, in absolute numbers, Honduras ranks seventh after the United States, Mexico, Colombia, Venezuela, Canada and Chile. There are two known Islamic organizations in Honduras, including the Centro Islámico de Honduras in San Pedro Sula led by Yusuf Amdani, and the Comunidad Islámica de Honduras in Cortés.
Background
Honduras received its first Arab immigrant in 1896, and by 1918, according to a local survey, Arab immigrants were largely Palestinian Christians in San Pedro Sula, the country's second-largest city. They immigrated due to the Ottoman control of Palestine, where Arabs fled with Ottoman passports gaining their commonly known nickname, Turkish (Turcos). Immigration picked up again after World War II and the Arab-Israeli war of 1948. In 1984, an Islamic charitable organization was founded, with the main object of taking care of the interests of the Arabs and Muslims in the country, and they have since built a mosque, where they meet and discuss their social and religious affairs, including the education of their children, the most important of which is teaching them the Qur’an and the Arabic language.
See also
References
Religion in Honduras
Honduras
Honduras | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam%20in%20Honduras |
A kerosene heater, also known as a paraffin heater, is typically a portable, unvented, kerosene-fueled, space (i.e., convectional) heating device. In Japan and other countries, they are a primary source of home heat. In the United States and Australia, they are a supplemental heat or a source of emergency heat during a power outage. Most kerosene heaters produce between .
Operation
A kerosene heater operates much like a large kerosene lamp. A circular wick made from fiberglass and/or cotton is integrated into a burner unit mounted above a font (tank) filled with 1-K kerosene. The wick draws kerosene from the tank via capillary action. Once lit, the wick heats the kerosene until it turns into a gas (gasification) and this gas is then burnt which heats air via convection or nearby objects via radiation. The burner is designed to properly oxygenate and distribute the flames. The flame height is controlled by raising or lowering the exposed wick height inside the burner unit via an adjusting mechanism. The kerosene heater is extinguished by fully retracting the wick into a cavity below the burner, which will snuff out the flame.
There has been a technological advance in kerosene heaters: some now use electricity to power a fan to force the heated air out, making it possible to heat up rooms faster. There is also thermostat controlled operation installed in modern kerosene heaters as well. However, most kerosene heaters do not require electricity to operate. Most heaters contain a battery-operated or piezo-electric ignitor to light the heater without the need for matches. If the ignitor should fail the heater can still be lighted manually.
The Japanese non-vented "fan" heater burns kerosene gas and is known as a gasification type heater. The liquid kerosene fuel is pre-heated via an electric heating element to vaporize the fuel. The resulting gas is collected and forced into the burn chamber where it is ignited and burns with a blue flame, similar to propane. The unit is fuelled through a conventional side mount cartridge style tank just like other non-vented wick type radiant heaters.
The other type of Japanese kerosene heaters are the vented type with intake and exhaust piped through a dual pipe "chimney" through a side wall of a house. These units burn roughly like the old 1950's "pot" burners, but with fuel injection and computer control.
Details of operation
A kerosene heater is an appliance in which kerosene is gasified by surface evaporation and burned. The amount of kerosene evaporated and heat generated can be increased in direct proportion to the area of the contact surface between the kerosene and air. The wick used in a kerosene heater consists of many bundles of fine fibers and, in accordance with the principle behind it, it is designed to provide a large evaporation area. The kerosene is drawn up from the tank into the combustion area by these capillary tubes.
If the kerosene becomes viscous or dirt and dust find their way inside the heater, the capillary tubes will become clogged. This will cause a deterioration in the drawing of the kerosene and combustion will no longer be possible.
Odors during operation
When filling a kerosene heater, there is an opportunity for the fuel to vaporize and create an odour in the air. This is why it is important to fill the heater in a garage or outdoors. When a kerosene heater is first ignited, it takes a few seconds to a few minutes for the fuel to mix with the air in the perfect ratio for complete combustion. During that time, the fuel to air mixture is quite rich. This results in a small amount of unburned kerosene, thus creating an odour. A common strategy is to light the heater outdoors, on the patio for example, until the fumes dissipate, and then bring it indoors. Once the heater is burning normally, no additional odour is created. An improperly adjusted wick also causes smoke and odour. This is corrected by adjusting the wick-height. A wick with carbon build-up will also cause odour and should be replaced. Odour may also be apparent when the heater is extinguished. The wick holder remains quite warm, and as the wick continues to draw kerosene, it causes vaporization of the fuel which is detected as odour.
Maintenance
The wicks require routine maintenance. With fiberglass wicks, the kerosene heater is placed outdoors and allowed to operate until it runs out of fuel. Tar and other leftover deposits on the wick are burned off. This should be done at least once a week if operated 24hr a day. With cotton wicks, the heater must never be run dry to clean the wick. Cleaning is instead accomplished with a paper towel, wiping down the top of the wick to remove any residue. The wick will eventually deteriorate to the point where it will need to be replaced.
Safety hazards
Combustion gases
Because kerosene heaters are usually unvented, all combustion products are released into the indoor air. Among these are low levels of nitrogen dioxide and carbon monoxide. An improperly adjusted, fueled, or poorly maintained kerosene heater will release more pollutants, particularly through incomplete combustion. Use of a kerosene heater in an improperly ventilated home poses an extreme risk to life. If oxygen is burnt faster than the extraneous atmosphere can leak into the room to replenish the burnt oxygen, the proportion of carbon monoxide rapidly increases. Since the monoxide can not escape, any person in the room will fatally succumb to the poisonous gas. Human senses only detect an excess of carbon dioxide, and death occurs before any occupants of the room sense there is something amiss. Most manufacturers recommend that a window or door be left cracked open. Kerosene heaters should not be left unattended, especially when sleeping. A kerosene heater, as any heater that uses organic fuel, can produce dangerously high amounts of soot and carbon monoxide when running out of oxygen. Failure to follow safety precautions could result in asphyxiation or carbon monoxide poisoning.
Fire hazard
Hot surfaces on the heater pose a fire and burn risk. The open flame poses an explosion risk in environments where flammable vapors may be present, such as in a garage. Use of improper or contaminated fuel could cause poor performance, a fire or an explosion. There are the usual risks involved with the storage of kerosene and when refilling the heater.
Incorrect fuel
Only the fuel type indicated by the manufacturer (usually clear 1-K kerosene) should be used. The pink "off road" kerosene can be burned in the fiberglass wicked models as well as the Japanese vented heaters. The Japanese gasification type as well as all the cotton wicked heaters should use clear 1-K. Use of impure fuel can cause extra soot. A risk of explosion is present with even trace amounts of gasoline/petrol mixed in the fuel, which is why it is illegal in many jurisdictions to dispense gasoline/petrol into unauthorized containers such as kerosene jugs. The user must store the fuel in a container that has not already been used with gasoline/petrol.
Moisture problems
Unvented kerosene heaters produce water vapour, creating moisture problems in very tightly sealed homes. One report states that "paraffin heaters produce 10 pints of water for every gallon of ... gas burnt". Venting to the outdoors should resolve the issue.
See also
Gas heater
References
Burners
Residential heating appliances
Heaters | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kerosene%20heater |
"Suspicions" is the 148th episode of the syndicated American science fiction television series Star Trek: The Next Generation, the 22nd episode of the sixth season.
Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the Starfleet crew of the Federation starship Enterprise-D. In this episode, relieved of duty and facing a court martial, Dr. Beverly Crusher (Gates McFadden) tells of her support of a Ferengi scientist (Peter Slutsker) and the trouble that ensued from an applied test of his theory.
This episode aired in broadcast syndication the week of May 8, 1993.
Plot
Guinan (Whoopi Goldberg) visits Dr. Beverly Crusher (Gates McFadden) in her quarters, complaining of "tennis elbow". Crusher breaks the news that she is no longer a doctor on the Enterprise and will be facing a court martial. She tells Guinan the whole story.
A Ferengi scientist, Dr. Reyga (Peter Slutsker), has created a metaphasic shielding technique, but racial profiling and his unorthodox methods have left most scientists in the field ignoring his work. Dr. Crusher decided to play the role of a "scientific diplomat" and invite other scientists versed in the field to come to the Enterprise and view a demonstration of the doctor's prototype. As they are all skeptical, they decide that someone other than the Ferengi should pilot the shuttle outfitted with the shielding. Jo'Bril (James Horan), a Takaran, volunteers.
At the test flight, they all watch from the bridge as Jo'Bril enters the star. Everything seems to be going as planned until suddenly Jo'Bril becomes short of breath, and barely pilots the shuttle out of the star before dying. Everyone considers Reyga a failure, but he cannot accept that something went wrong. No one can find any trouble with the shuttlecraft. Also, Dr. Crusher cannot determine the cause of Jo'Bril's death. In fact, she cannot understand his physiology at all, especially why his cells seem to be decaying at such a slow rate. However, he is judged dead. Reyga pleads with the other scientists to allow him a second test. Dr. Crusher reluctantly refuses, but he seems determined to prove himself. A few hours later, he is found dead due to a plasma discharge. It is judged a suicide by Security Chief Lt. Worf (Michael Dorn), but Crusher intuitively knows it was neither a suicide nor an accident.
Dr. Crusher discusses how unusual this seems with Captain Jean-Luc Picard (Patrick Stewart). She is determined to perform an autopsy, but the captain informs her that it is out of the question, as the family insists the body not be desecrated before they can perform the Ferengi death ritual. Frustrated, Dr. Crusher decides to perform an investigation. She confronts Christopher (John S. Ragin) and T'Pan (Joan Stuart Morris), and Christopher becomes incensed. Eventually, he mentions that Kurak (Tricia O'Neil) and Reyga had a fiery argument. Dr. Crusher then confronts the Klingon scientist, much to her own peril. As she determines Kurak also did not murder Reyga, she finds herself stumped and her confidence faltering. Knowing she will be disobeying a direct order, she performs an autopsy on Reyga, and finds nothing. She informs Picard who is forced to relieve her of duty.
In the present, Guinan encourages her to continue her investigation, as she has nothing left to lose. Commander William Riker (Jonathan Frakes) warns her not to do anything "foolish". Despite this, Crusher takes Dr. Reyga's shuttle into the star herself. Picard urges her to come back, but to no avail. In the shuttle, Crusher discovers that the shields work just as Jo'Bril emerges alive. He reveals his species can fake death. He also plans to fake the destruction of the shuttle and take it back to his homeworld. He plans to profit from the new shielding, turning it into a weapon. Jo'Bril attacks Crusher, but she fights back and is forced to completely vaporize him.
She returns to the ship, relieved to have vindicated Reyga, and unafraid of any court martial, she replicates a tennis racket for Guinan so she would never get tennis elbow again – but Guinan admits she has never played tennis; she was merely trying to figure out what was wrong with Crusher.
Reception
In 2011, The A.V. Club gave this episode a "B−", and noting it as a Beverly Crusher focused episode.
The book Star Trek FAQ 2.0 (Unofficial and Unauthorized): Everything Left to Know About the Next Generation, the Movies and Beyond (2013) said this was a "credible whodunnit", and a showcase for Gates McFadden as Doctor Crusher.
Medium.com ranked this the 66th best episode Star Trek: The Next Generation in 2017.
Releases
The episode was released as part of the Star Trek: The Next Generation season six DVD box set in the United States on December 3, 2002. A remastered HD version was released on Blu-ray optical disc, on June 24, 2014, with DTS-HD MA 7.1 audio.
On November 3, 1999 this was released on LaserDisc in the United States, paired with "Frame of Mind" on one double sided 12 inch disc. The two episodes together had a runtime of 93 minutes, and it had a Dolby Surround audio track.
References
External links
Star Trek: The Next Generation (season 6) episodes
1993 American television episodes
Television episodes directed by Cliff Bole | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Suspicions%20%28Star%20Trek%3A%20The%20Next%20Generation%29 |
The Taylor County Expo Center, formerly Taylor County Coliseum, is a 5,000-seat multi-purpose arena in Abilene, Texas. It was built in 1973.
The Expo Center is the former home of the Abilene Aviators, of the Western Professional Hockey League. In 2015, it was announced as the home venue for the Abilene Warriors of American Indoor Football for their inaugural 2016 season. However, prior to their first game, the lease was cancelled due to a "breach of contract" and the Warriors announced they would play their first game in Snyder, Texas.
References
External links
Taylor County Expo Center website
Indoor arenas in Texas
Indoor ice hockey venues in the United States
Sports venues in Abilene, Texas
1973 establishments in Texas
Sports venues completed in 1973 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Taylor%20County%20Expo%20Center |
Kristy Lee Sargeant-Wirtz (born January 24, 1974) is a Canadian former pair skater. With Kris Wirtz, she is the 1999 Four Continents silver medallist, the 1994 Skate Canada International champion, and a two-time Canadian national champion. The pair competed at two Winter Olympics.
Career
Sargeant competed with Colin Epp early in her career. In 1992, she teamed up with Kris Wirtz.
Sargeant/Wirtz made their debut at the 1993 Canadian Championships and finished fifth. The following season, they won the national silver medal and were assigned to the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer, where they placed tenth. They then finished 11th at the 1994 World Championships.
In the 1994–95 season, Sergeant/Wirtz won gold at the 1994 Skate Canada International, having placed seventh a year earlier, but dipped to fifth at the Canadian Championships. The next season, they reached the national podium again and finished seventh at their second Worlds. The pair would appear at a total of seven World Championships during their career, placing as high as sixth (1997, 1999).
In 1998, Sargeant/Wirtz won their first national title and were sent to the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano. They placed 12th in their second Olympic appearance. The pair became national champions for the second time in 1999.
Sargeant/Wirtz retired from competition in around 2003. They work as coaches at the Kitchener-Waterloo Skating Club , based in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
Personal life
Sargeant gave birth to her and Jason Turner's daughter, Triston, in 1992. She married Kris Wirtz in 1999 and their daughter, Briana, was born in May 2002. Sargeant-Wirtz is the sister of Lisa Sargeant, the 1990 Canadian ladies champion.
Results
(with Kris Wirtz)
Navigation
1974 births
Canadian female pair skaters
Olympic figure skaters for Canada
Figure skaters at the 1994 Winter Olympics
Figure skaters at the 1998 Winter Olympics
Living people
Four Continents Figure Skating Championships medalists
Sportspeople from Red Deer, Alberta | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kristy%20Sargeant |
Michael James Murphy (born 20 October 1941) is an Irish broadcaster, actor and property developer. He is best known for his long broadcasting career with RTÉ, presenting many TV shows such as The Live Mike, Winning Streak and The Big Interview.
Early life
Murphy was born in Dublin on 20 October 1941. He was the eldest of five children born to Ned and Kitty Murphy. He was educated at St. Louis National School, Terenure College, Synge Street CBS and Coláiste Mhuire.
Early career
Murphy worked as a draper in a Dublin drapery shop, before finding a job with the Castrol Oil Company. He later became involved in acting with the Dublin Shakespeare Society and wrote scripts for sponsored programmes on Radio Éireann. He later joined the Brendan Smith Academy of Acting in Dublin where his acting took him all over Europe. He also went on to play a small part in The Girl with Green Eyes, the film of the novel by Edna O'Brien.
This led him to further acting parts in a number of films on the newly established Telefís Éireann.
Broadcasting career
Tom mcGrath introduced Mike Murphy to RTE. Murphy began his broadcasting career as an announcer with RTÉ Radio in 1965. By 1968 he had established his reputation as an announcer and a radio presenter. He then began presenting on television, starting with one series of a pop show called The Go-Two Show, and filling in as an announcer on the game show, Jackpot. In 1969 he joined the RTÉ's newsroom as a sports announcer.
His big break in television came in 1971 when he was asked to present the National Song Contest, one of the highest rated programmes at the time. He regularly hosted the Castlebar Song Contest. This led to him getting his own variety show, The Likes of Mike. The show did well, running for a few series.
From 1972 until 1977 and again in 1979 and 1988, Murphy was the regular Eurovision Song Contest commentator for RTÉ television viewers. In addition he also hosted The National Song Contest (Irish heats for the Eurovision) between 1971 and 1972 and from 1974 until 1979, then in 1981 and 1982 and again in 1986.
He went on to present a travel programme called Murphy’s America, and later the spin-off show, Murphy’s Australia. Following the success of the former programme, he was asked to present Morning Call on radio.
Between 1979 and 1982, he presented his own Friday night show, The Live Mike, which was a success and ran for three series.
Murphy won four Jacob's Awards. He received his first in 1978 for Murphy's America. A year later, The Live Mike brought him a second trophy. His third award was in 1988 for his series, Murphy's Australia. Meanwhile, in 1980, his Morning Call show on RTÉ Radio led to Murphy winning a Jacob's Radio Award. He also presented the TV quiz show Murphy's Micro Quiz-M.
In 1988, he began presenting The Arts Show on RTÉ Radio 1, and in 1990, the Saturday night television game show, Winning Streak. Around this time, Murphy was the face of the Warner Gift Portfolio promotion from Warner Home Video in the UK and Ireland.
In 2000 he retired from radio broadcasting and was the subject in the same year of a special tribute edition of The Late Late Show. He gave his last radio broadcast as the presenter of The Arts Show that year and continued to present Winning Streak until 2001, when he retired from television broadcasting.
Break from broadcasting
Between 2001 and 2011, he took a break from broadcasting to focus on property developing, though continued to appear in the media during this time. A two-part documentary series, The Lives of Mike, was broadcast in 2008. The series focused on Murphy's part in The Live Mike.
Return to broadcasting
In 2011, Murphy returned to broadcasting by presenting a new show called The Big Interview where he meets people who have made a significant impact on Ireland.
In 2012, he presented the arts show Masterpiece: Ireland's Favourite Painting, in which Murphy criticised RTÉ for having the show air after Prime Time, at 22:15 on RTÉ One.
In December 2015, Mike Murphy returned with a new show called Play It By Year on RTÉ One, a new archive footage quiz show. Play It By Year pitted teams against each other answering questions based on RTÉ's extensive archives including footage from some much loved quiz shows of the past. The show was broadcast in four parts over Christmas 2015 on RTÉ One, from Sunday 27 December until Wednesday 30 December 2015.
Personal life
Murphy and his first wife Eileen divorced in 1995. They had four children. He later married Ann Walsh, who was his producer on The Arts Show.
In May 2001, Murphy underwent heart surgery, which involved him receiving a triple bypass.
Murphy has an interest in the arts and property developing, and he became an executive director of Harcourt Developments, a property company founded by Pat Doherty, with interests throughout Ireland, Britain, the Caribbean and the United States. He was responsible for marketing, and the job allowed him to continue his interest in the arts.
On 28 March 2011, Murphy announced he was to resign from Harcourt Developments.
References
External links
The Big Interview at RTÉ.ie
1941 births
Living people
Broadcasters from Dublin (city)
RTÉ Radio 1 presenters
RTÉ television presenters
Male actors from Dublin (city)
Irish game show hosts
Irish television talk show hosts
Jacob's Award winners
Irish male film actors
Irish male stage actors
People educated at Synge Street CBS
People educated at Coláiste Mhuire, Dublin
Eurovision commentators | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike%20Murphy |
Jon Jonsson, Jon Jönsson, or Jón Jónsson may refer to:
Jon Jönsson (born 1983), Swedish footballer
Jon Jonsson (model) (born 1982), Icelandic model, winner of 2004 TV series Manhunt
Jón Jónsson (born 1985), Icelandic singer, songwriter, and footballer
Jón Jónsson (water polo) (1908-1973), Icelandic water polo player
See also
Jon Jonsson i Källeräng (1867–1939), Swedish politician
Jón Sveinbjørn Jónsson (1955–2008), Icelandic/Norwegian poet, children's writer, and translator
John Jonsson, mayor of Dallas, Texas
Jonathan Johnson (disambiguation)
John Johnson (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon%20Jonsson |
Schönhausen Palace () is a Baroque palace at Niederschönhausen, in the borough of Pankow, Berlin, Germany. It is surrounded by gardens through which the Panke river runs. The palace is maintained by the Prussian Palaces and Gardens Foundation Berlin-Brandenburg and reopened to the public in 2009 after extensive restoration.
History
Brandenburg-Prussia
In 1662 Countess Sophie Theodore, a scion of the Holland-Brederode family and wife of the Brandenburg general Christian Albert of Dohna, acquired the lands Niederschönhausen and Pankow, then far north of the Berlin city gates. In 1664 she built a manor at Niederschönhausen in "Dutch" style. Minister Joachim Ernst von Grumbkow acquired it in 1680 and, in 1691, his widow sold it for 16,000 Thalers to the Hohenzollern elector Frederick III of Brandenburg, who had fallen in love with the property earlier.
Frederick put the manor under the care of the Amt Niederschönhausen and had it remodeled into a palace from 1691 to 1693 based on plans designed by Johann Arnold Nering. In August 1700 the Prince-elector prepared and planned his coronation as King in Prussia at Schönhausen Palace. In 1704 the now King Frederick I in Prussia contracted to again enlarge the palace and its gardens. However, after the king's death in 1713, his son and successor Frederick William I did not care much for the place. As a result, civil servants, such as Minister Friedrich Wilhelm von Grumbkow, moved in to use it as office space, part of the land was leased and both the palace and the park slowly became dilapidated in the ensuing years.
Under King Frederick II of Prussia, also known as "Frederick the Great", the palace was once again turned into a royal residence for his wife, Elisabeth Christine of Brunswick-Bevern, who used it as her regular summer residence from 1740 to 1790. Artist Johann Michael Graff most probably contributed the lavish stucco decorations executed during this time. As Frederick's relations with his wife were strained, he never visited Niederschönhausen and spent his summers at Sanssouci in Potsdam.
During the Seven Years' War in 1760, while the queen retreated to the Magdeburg fortress, Russian troops pushed deep into Prussia, occupied Berlin and devastated Niederschönhausen Palace. After 1763 it was rebuilt in its current form according to plans by Johann Boumann and the gardens were remodeled in a Rococo à la française style.
After the death of Queen Elisabeth Christine in 1797 the palace was seldom used. At times Frederica of Mecklenburg-Strelitz, widow of Prince Louis Charles of Prussia, lived at Schönhausen and had the gardens again remodeled, this time by Peter Joseph Lenné into an English landscape garden. Apart from that it served mainly as a storage facility for furniture and paintings.
It was rumored that King Frederick II had his favorite horse Condé buried in the gardens, but whether the hill in question actually is a horse's grave has not been proven. In fact Condé outlived its owner and died in 1804, aged 38. Its skeleton is kept at the veterinary department of the Free University of Berlin.
20th century
The Prussian ruling Hohenzollern dynasty owned Schönhausen Palace until it was dispossessed and became a property of the Free State of Prussia in 1920, following the end of the monarchy in the course of the German Revolution of 1918–1919. It was then opened to the public and used for numerous art exhibitions as well as the government's official art department during the Nazi era, when several paintings of banned so-called "degenerate art" were stored here. During the Battle of Berlin at the end of World War II, the palace suffered some damage but was repaired almost immediately by a Pankow Künstlerinitiative so that it could be used for an exhibit as early as September 1945. Soon thereafter the Soviet Military Administration confiscated the palace and turned it into an officer's mess. Later it served as a boarding school for Soviet students.
When the German Democratic Republic (GDR) was established in the Soviet occupation zone on 7 October 1949, the Soviets turned Schönhausen Palace over to the East German authorities and until 1960 it served as the official seat of the GDR president Wilhelm Pieck, where he received state guests like Nikita Khrushchev and Ho Chi Minh. For this purpose, it was again renovated and expansion of the complex took place to the north for garages for the vehicle fleet of the President and to the south for a casino and a chancellery in a prestigious courtyard with two gatehouses. The castle garden was separated by a wall into an inner, no longer public, and an outer, public part. The interior design of the garden was done by architect Reinhold Lingner as a cheerful, open-looking garden in the typical style of the 1950s. After the death of the first and only President of the GDR in 1960 it served at first as the seat of the newly established East German State Council, which moved to the at Mitte in 1964. It was then used by the GDR government as its official guest house and officially renamed Schloss Niederschönhausen. Numerous state visitors lodged here, among them Indira Gandhi, Fidel Castro, the last Soviet president Mikhail Gorbachev, and his wife Raisa Gorbachova, in October 1989 on the eve of the East German Peaceful Revolution. At that time, the palace and part of the gardens were closed to the public and surrounded by a tall wall.
After German reunification
While German reunification was in progress in 1989 and 1990, the so-called Round Table met in the palace's outbuildings. Major portions of the negotiations leading to the Treaty on the Final Settlement with Respect to Germany also took place here, and a plaque now memorializes this period.
After German reunification, the palace became the property of the Bundesvermögensamt, the division of the German treasury in charge of managing government-owned real estate. In 1991 the state of Berlin became the new owner of the palace and its gardens, and in 1997 the state put the property up for sale.
In 1994, 100 years after the revival of the Olympic Games, the representatives from Argentina, Austria, China, Cyprus, Ecuador, France, Germany, Greece, Kazakhstan, Libya, Liechtenstein, Lithuania, Mexico, Nigeria, Philippines, Poland, Russia, Slovakia, Switzerland, United States, who arrived to the founding congress of the International Delphic Council to establish the Delphic Games of the modern era, met at the palace.
In 2003 there was some discussion about using the palace as the temporary residence of the President of Germany until the renovation of Schloss Bellevue would be completed, but this plan fell through because of the high cost (approximately €12 million) that would have been required to bring the palace sufficiently up to standards. Furthermore, due to impregnation of the roof structure with chemicals to protect the wooden beams, for several years only the two lower floors could be used for occasional celebrations and guided tours.
On 24 June 2005, ownership of the palace was transferred to the Prussian Palaces and Gardens Foundation Berlin-Brandenburg. At the same time, €8.6 million in federal funds was earmarked for renovation work. The palace was reopened to the public on 19 December 2009. In addition to the historic rooms dating to the time of the Prussian queen, the rooms used by the GDR President were reopened. Refurnishing the office used by Wilhelm Pieck and building a café for museum guests are also being considered. Furthermore, artworks from the collection of Elisabeth Christine are exhibited as are the Dohna-Schlobitten collection, which used to be housed at Charlottenburg Palace.
Restoration of the gardens to their layout when the President of the GDR worked here is also planned. Thought is also being given to the future of the garage, which enjoys protection as a historic landmark.
Since 2003 the Bundesakademie für Sicherheitspolitik (BAKS) has been housed in two of the palace's auxiliary outbuildings.
See also
List of castles in Berlin and Brandenburg
List of castles in Germany
References
External links
Images and citizens' initiative
Houses completed in 1664
Buildings and structures in Pankow
Castles in Berlin
Palaces in Berlin
Royal residences in Berlin
Baroque palaces in Germany
Baroque architecture in Berlin
Museums in Berlin
Historic house museums in Germany
1664 establishments in the Holy Roman Empire
Frederick I of Prussia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sch%C3%B6nhausen%20Palace |
The Ontong Java Plateau (OJP) is a massive oceanic plateau located in the southwestern Pacific Ocean, north of the Solomon Islands.
The OJP was formed around (Ma), with a much smaller volcanic event around 90 Ma. Two other southwestern Pacific plateaus, Manihiki and Hikurangi, now separated from the OJP by Cretaceous oceanic basins, are of similar age and composition and probably formed as a single plateau and a contiguous large igneous province together with the OJP.
When eruption of lava had finished, the Ontong Java–Manihiki–Hikurangi plateau covered 1% of Earth's surface and represented a volume of of basaltic magma.
This "Ontong Java event", first proposed in 1991, represents the largest volcanic event of the past 200 million years, with a magma eruption rate estimated at up to per year over 3 million years, several times larger than the Deccan Traps.
The smooth surface of the OJP is punctuated by seamounts such as the Ontong Java Atoll, one of the largest atolls in the world.
Geological setting
The OJP covers , roughly the size of Alaska. It reaches up to below sea level but has an average depth closer to . It is bounded by Lyra Basin to the northwest, East Mariana Basin to the north, Nauru Basin to the northeast, and the Ellice Basin to the southeast. The OJP has collided with the Solomon Islands island arc and now lies on the inactive Vitiaz Trench and the Pacific–Australian plate boundary.
The high plateau, with a crustal thickness estimated to at least but probably closer to , has a volume of more than . The maximum extent of the event can, however, be much larger since lavas in several surrounding basins are closely related to the OJP event and probably represent dike swarms associated with the formation of the OJP. These swarms or eruptions involved the Ontong Java-Manihiki-Hikurangi plateaus.
The OJP basaltic basement is four tholeiitic magma series called the Kwaimbaita, Kroenke, Singgalo, and Wairahito. All except the Singgalo are isotopically identical so they are likely from the same mantle source. It can be assumed that the Singgalo basalts have a different mantle source to the rest. The Kwaimbaita basalts are dominant and in stratigraphic series the oldest.
Tectonic evolution
OJP formed quickly over a mantle plume head, most likely the then newly formed Louisville hotspot, followed by limited volcanism for at least 30 million years. The extant seamounts of the Louisville Ridge started to form 70 Ma and have a different isotopic composition, and therefore a shift in intensity and magma supply in the plume must have occurred before that.
The early, short-duration eruptions of OJP were thought to coincide with the global Early Aptian oceanic anoxic event (known as OAE1a or the Selli Event, 125.0–124.6 Ma) that led to the deposition of black shales during the interval 124–122 Ma. However dating of the basalts to between 117 and 108 Ma makes this unlikely. There are still unresolved dates by two other research groups that are 4 Ma older so the potential association is not totally eliminated, however all OJP lavas are normally magnetized so are presumably dated after the Cretaceous Normal Superchron (C34, CNS) began at 120.964 Ma Additionally, isotopic records of seawater in sediments have been associated with the 90 Ma OJP submarine eruptions.
About 80% of the OJP is being subducted beneath the Solomon Islands. Only the uppermost of the crust is preserved on the Australian Plate.
This collision has lifted some of the OJP between above sea level. The construction of Pliocene stratovolcanoes in the western end of the convergence zone has resulted in the New Georgia Islands () and Bougainville Island (). Shortening, uplift, and erosion of the northern Melanesian arc and the Malaita accretionary prism at deep levels has produced Guadalcanal (), Makira (), and Malaita ().
References
Notes
Sources
Further reading
(Ocean Drilling Program: Volume 192 Scientific Results)
Large igneous provinces
Cretaceous volcanism
Plateaus of the Pacific Ocean
Volcanism of the Pacific Ocean
Volcanism of Oceania
Geology of the Solomon Islands | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ontong%20Java%20Plateau |
Grady Alderman (December 10, 1938 – April 5, 2018) was an American football player and executive. He played professionally as an offensive tackle for 16 seasons in the National Football League (NFL), mostly with the Minnesota Vikings.
Career
Alderman played in three Super Bowls and was selected to six Pro Bowls. He ended his pro career with the Chicago Bears, as a player then coach. He is also noted for being the "last of the original Vikings." From March 1981 until December 1982 he was the general manager of the Denver Broncos.
Alderman was also a certified public accountant.
Alderman died on April 5, 2018, at the age of 79.
In 2021, the Professional Football Researchers Association named Alderman to the PFRA Hall of Very Good Class of 2021
References
1938 births
2018 deaths
American football offensive guards
American football offensive tackles
Denver Broncos executives
Detroit Lions players
Detroit Titans football players
Minnesota Vikings announcers
Minnesota Vikings players
National Football League announcers
National Football League general managers
Western Conference Pro Bowl players
People from Madison Heights, Michigan
Players of American football from Oakland County, Michigan
Players of American football from Detroit | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grady%20Alderman |
Andrew Woodbury Preston (June 29, 1846 – September 26, 1924) was a prominent American businessman at the turn of the 20th century.
Biography
Andrew Preston was born in Beverly Farms, Massachusetts on June 29, 1846.
He married Frances E. Gutterson on August 5, 1869, and they had one daughter.
In 1884, Preston and nine others formed the Boston Fruit Company, the birth of the modern banana business. Later, in 1899, Preston and Minor C. Keith combined ventures to form the United Fruit Company. Preston was the president, and Keith became vice-president.
He died at his summer home in Swampscott, Massachusetts, on September 26, 1924. At the time of his death he was still serving as president of the United Fruit Company, the Revere Sugar Refining company, the Central American railroad companies, the Tropical Radio company the Banana Specialty company, and was an officer of several other organizations.
References
Further reading
"Andrew W. Preston" In: Massachusetts of today: a memorial of the state, historical and biographical, issued for the World's Columbian exposition at Chicago. Columbia Publishing Company, 1892.
National Cyclopaedia of American Biography, 1910.
1846 births
1924 deaths
19th-century American businesspeople
19th century in Boston
Businesspeople from Boston
Economic history of Boston | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20Preston%20%28businessman%29 |
Kris Wirtz (born December 12, 1969) is a Canadian former pair skater. With Kristy Sargeant, he is the 1999 Four Continents silver medallist, the 1994 Skate Canada International champion, and a two-time Canadian national champion. The pair competed at two Winter Olympics.
Career
Early in his career, Wirtz competed at the Canadian Championships in singles, ice dance, and fours, as well as pairs. He competed with Sherry Ball at the 1992 Winter Olympics in Albertville. Later in 1992, he teamed up with Kristy Sargeant.
Sargeant/Wirtz made their debut at the 1993 Canadian Championships and finished fifth. The following season, they won the national silver medal and were assigned to the 1994 Winter Olympics in Lillehammer, where they placed tenth. They then finished 11th at the 1994 World Championships.
In the 1994–95 season, Sergeant/Wirtz won gold at the 1994 Skate Canada International, having placed seventh a year earlier, but dipped to fifth at the Canadian Championships. The next season, they reached the national podium again and finished seventh at their second Worlds. The pair would appear at a total of seven World Championships during their career, placing as high as sixth (1997, 1999).
In 1998, Sargeant/Wirtz won their first national title and were sent to the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano. They had a very disappointing Olympics, placing 12th after many problems, but came back and were the only pair in the entire event to skate two clean programs at the 1998 World Championships, and were robbed of at least the silver medal, placing a disgraceful seventh. The pair became national champions for the second time in 1999, where they had been widely expected to lose to the rising stars Jamie Sale and David Pelletier, who had posted better results on the grand prix circuit. They had their best chance ever to medal at worlds that year, placing fourth after the short program, but two minor mistakes in the long dropped them to sixth, while the Polish bronze medallists had two major errors which would have left the door wide open for them had they skated cleanly.
Thereafter they were soundly passed by Sale and Pelletier as the top Canadian team, and never seriously factored on the world or international stage ever again. They surprised many by retiring after the 2001 season, when still solidly entrenched as Canada's number 2 team they were virtual locks for a spot on the 3 team 2002 Olympic team. They returned to competition for the 2002-2003 season, ending their amateur careers withdrawing prior to the long program at the 2003 Canadians with injury.
Wirtz was the Canadian team captain for five years. They work as coaches at the Kitchener-Waterloo Skating Club in Waterloo, Ontario, Canada.
Personal life
Wirtz is from Marathon, Ontario. His brother was Paul Wirtz, a figure-skating coach deceased April 6, 2006, and his nephew is pair skater Sean Wirtz.
Wirtz married Kristy Sargeant in 1999 and their first child together was born in 2002. On January 3, 2010 the Olympic torch relay passed through Marathon, Ontario. Wirtz's father, Gunter Wirtz, carried the Olympic torch in a procession through the local hockey arena.
Competitive highlights
With Ball
With Sargeant
References
External links
Kitchener-Waterloo Skating Club
1969 births
Canadian male pair skaters
Figure skaters at the 1992 Winter Olympics
Figure skaters at the 1994 Winter Olympics
Figure skaters at the 1998 Winter Olympics
Four Continents Figure Skating Championships medalists
Living people
Olympic figure skaters for Canada
Sportspeople from Thunder Bay | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kris%20Wirtz |
Mexico competed at the modern Olympic Games for the first time at the 1900 Summer Olympics in Paris, France.
Medalists
Medals awarded to participants of mixed-NOC teams are represented in italics. These medals are not counted towards the individual NOC medal tally.
Results by event
Polo
Mexico was one of four nations to compete in the first Olympic polo event. The Mexican foursome tied for third place despite losing their only match.
References
Nations at the 1900 Summer Olympics
1900
Olympics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico%20at%20the%201900%20Summer%20Olympics |
There are three numbered territorial highways in the United States territory of American Samoa. These highways are often referred to as "ASXXX" (example: AS001 is American Samoa Highway 001). In addition to the three numbered routes, there are unnumbered highways on the islands of Ofu, Olosega, Tau, and Tutuila. All are maintained by the American Samoa Department of Public Works.
American Samoa Highway 001
American Samoa Highway 001 (AS001) is an east–west territorial highway on the island of Tutuila. It rubs the south shore of the island, from Poloa through Pago Pago to Onenoa. AS001 intersects the other two highways on the island, AS005 in Pago Pago and AS006 in Aua.
It is 35.853 miles (57.7 km) long. In Poloa, it ends at a dead end. In Onenoa, it ends at another dead end. It is the only road in Onenoa. It is also the only road in Poloa.
American Samoa Highway 005
American Samoa Highway 005 (AS005) is an east–west territorial highway on the island of Tutuila. It provides access from Pago Pago to Fagasa. It is about long. In Pago Pago, it ends at AS001. In Fagasa, it ends at Fagasa's Main Street.
American Samoa Highway 006
American Samoa Highway 006 (AS006) is a north–south territorial highway on the island of Tutuila. It provides access from Aua, east of Pago Pago, to Vatia.
Ofu-Olosega Highway
The Ofu-Olosega Highway is a highway linking the islands of Ofu and Olosega. The highway travels from the village of Ofu, along the coast of the islands of Ofu and Olosega to the village of Olosega. The highway passes the Ofu Airport, makes up most of the northern border of the Ofu portion of American Samoa National Park, and passes as a one-lane bridge over the Agasa Strait.
See also
References
External links
Google Maps: American Samoa Highways
Map of American Samoa highways
Highways
Tutuila
American Samoa
American Samoa
American Samoa | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20highways%20in%20American%20Samoa |
Amadeus William Grabau (January 9, 1870 – March 20, 1946) was an American geologist, teacher, stratigrapher, paleontologist, and author who worked in the United States and China.
Biography
Grabau's grandfather, J.A.A. Grabau, led a group of dissident Lutheran immigrants from Germany to Buffalo, New York. His education began in his father's parochial school in his birthplace of Cedarburg, Wisconsin, and then the public high school there. After his father became head of the Martin Luther Seminary in 1885, he finished high school in Buffalo. He took classes in the evenings while apprenticed to a bookbinder. His interest in local fossils grew. In a correspondence course in mineralogy, he impressed geologist William Otis Crosby enough to hire him at the Boston Society of Natural History in 1890, and arrange his education at Boston Latin, MIT, and Harvard.
He taught at MIT and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute early in his career. In 1901 he became a professor at Columbia University in New York. He married Barnard student Mary Antin on October 5, 1901. She would go on to become a prominent author. The pro-German attitudes during World War I led to an estrangement from his wife, and in 1919 he left Columbia for China. He traveled to China to become a professor at University of Peking and a member of the Chinese Geological Survey in October 1920. As part of his life's work, he conducted a geologic survey of China, and is now known as the father of Chinese geology.
In 1936, the National Academy of Sciences awarded him the Mary Clark Thompson Medal from for most important service to geology and paleontology. During World War II he remained in Peking. Around 1941 he was interned by the Japanese Imperial Army. His health declined precipitously, and he died of an internal hemorrhage after his release.
Books
Grabau was also a prolific author, publishing at least 10 books in the first half of the 20th century. Grabau developed various theories during his lifetime, among them the theory of rhythms concerning the growth of the Earth's crust and a theory concerning mountain building and creation. The Dorsum Grabau, a wrinkle ridge on the Moon was named after him in 1976. A list of books written by Grabau, and their publication dates includes:
North American Index Fossils (1909, 1910)
Grabau A. W. & Shimer H. W. 1909. Invertebrates. Volume I.. A. G. Seiler & Company, New York. (alternate scan)
Grabau A. W. & Shimer H. W. 1910. Invertebrates. Volume II.. New York.
Principles of Stratigraphy (1913)
Textbook of Geology (1920–21) Two volumes: Part I; Part II.
Silurian Fossils of Yunnan (1920)
Ordovician Fossils of North China (1922)
Paleozoic Corals of China (1921)
Stratigraphy of China (1924–25)
Migration of Geosynclines (1924)
Early Permian Fossils of China (1934)
Rhythm of the Ages (1940)
References
Further reading
H. D. Thomas, Nature 158 (1946): 89–91
H. W. Shimer, Am. Jour. of Science 244 (1946): 735–736 (with bibliography)
H. W. Shimer, Geological Soc. of America, Proc., 1947, pp. 155–166
V. K. Ting, in Geological Society of China, Bull. 10 (1931): ix–xviii (also cited as Grabau Anniversary, the commemorative vol. presented to Grabau on his fiftieth birthday)
Y. C. Sun, in Geological Society of China, Bull. 27 (1947): 1026, includes a bibliography of 291 titles.
External links
1870 births
1946 deaths
American paleontologists
Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute faculty
Columbia University faculty
People from Cedarburg, Wisconsin
Scientists from Buffalo, New York
American expatriate academics
American expatriates in China
Boston Latin School alumni
Massachusetts Institute of Technology alumni
Harvard University alumni
Massachusetts Institute of Technology faculty
American prisoners of war in World War II
World War II civilian prisoners held by Japan
American people of German descent
Deaths from bleeding | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amadeus%20William%20Grabau |
The Sailor's Creed is a code of ethics of the United States Navy, originally developed for the promotion of personal excellence.
While other regulations, codes, and standards may apply to the United States Armed Forces writ large, the Sailor's Creed is specific to the Navy. It focuses on self-respect, respect for others, and the Navy's core values of honor, courage, and commitment. Recited by units almost daily, the Sailor's Creed reinforces the notion that personnel are sailors first (i.e., before their rating) and seeks to build esprit de corps throughout the Navy as a whole.
History
Original version
The first version of the Sailor's Creed came from an idea in 1986 by Admiral James D. Watkins, Chief of Naval Operations, to form a group that would create a Code of Ethics for the Navy. The result of this meeting at the Naval War College was the eight-point The Navy Uniform, and was later scaled down to a shorter version called the Sailor's Creed. The original text was as follows:
Current version
The current version of the Sailor's Creed was a product of many Blue Ribbon Recruit Training Panels in 1993 at the direction of Admiral Frank B. Kelso II, Chief of Naval Operations. It has been revised twice, once in 1994 under the direction of Chief of Naval Operations Admiral Jeremy Boorda and again in 1997. These changes were made to make the creed inclusively descriptive of all hands. The creed is taught and recited in boot camp and at some officer accession programs.
See also
Hospital corpsman's pledge
Rifleman's Creed (USMC)
Airman's Creed
Soldier's Creed
Quartermaster Creed
Ranger Creed
Creed of the United States Coast Guardsman
Noncommissioned officer's creed
References
United States Navy
Warrior code | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sailor%27s%20Creed |
Michael Rosenberg (born March 7, 1954) is an American bridge player.
Rosenberg was born in New York City, moved to Scotland as a child, and returned to New York in 1978. He lived in New York State with his wife Debbie, also a top player, from 1995 until 2011 when the couple moved to Northern California.
Michael won the 1994 Rosenblum Cup, the 2017 Bermuda Bowl, and the 2018 World Mixed Teams Championship. As of 2007 he has won fourteen North American championships, as well as multiple wins in the major invitational tournaments. He has also won the World Bridge Federation (WBF) Par competition in 1998, a test of declarer play skill, and is known for his advocacy of a high standard of ethical behavior for players. He is known as "The expert's expert" for his encyclopedic knowledge of cardplay techniques, and a frequent contributor for The Bridge World.
Bridge accomplishments
Awards
ACBL Hall of Fame, 2015
ACBL Player of the Year 1994, 2003
Fishbein Trophy 2003
Herman Trophy 1996
Wins
World Mixed Teams Championship (1) 2018
Bermuda Bowl (1) 2017
Rosenblum Cup (1) 1994
Compaq World Par Contest (1) 1998
North American Bridge Championships (14)
von Zedtwitz Life Master Pairs (1) 2000
Silodor Open Pairs (1) 2003
Blue Ribbon Pairs (1) 1993
Nail Life Master Open Pairs (1) 1992
Vanderbilt (2) 1994, 1996
Mitchell Board-a-Match Teams (3) 1991, 1996, 2006
Chicago Mixed Board-a-Match (1) 2002
Reisinger (2) 1989, 1996
Spingold (2) 1991, 2003
Roth Open Swiss Teams (1) 2022
United States Bridge Championships (4)
Open Team Trials(4) 1992, 1997, 1999, 2006
European Open Bridge Championships (1)
Mixed Teams (1) 2003
European Championships (1)
Junior Teams (1) 1978
British Championships (1)
Gold Cup (1) 1976
Other notable wins:
Cavendish Invitational Teams (1) 1986
Cap Gemini Pandata World Top Invitational Pairs (1) 1992
Cap Volmac World Top Invitational Pairs (1) 1995
Sunday Times Invitational Pairs (1) 1976
Cavendish Invitational Pairs (1) 1986
Goldman Pairs (2) 2008, 2009
Runners-up
Bermuda Bowl (1) 2007
World Open Team Olympiad (1) 1992
World Open Pairs (2) 1994, 2002
North American Bridge Championships (18)
von Zedtwitz Life Master Pairs (1) 2003
Lebhar IMP Pairs (1) 2006
Silodor Open Pairs (1) 1994
Grand National Teams (1) 1981
Jacoby Open Swiss Teams (2) 1992, 2014
Roth Open Swiss Teams (2) 2011, 2013
Vanderbilt (3) 1990, 1991, 2000
Mitchell Board-a-Match Teams (1) 2004
Reisinger (3) 2002, 2003, 2005
Spingold (3) 1980, 1993, 1995
United States Bridge Championships (5)
Open Team Trials (7) 1996, 2000, 2002, 2004, 2005, 2013, 2017
Other notable 2nd places:
Cavendish Invitational Pairs (1) 1978
References
External links
Michael Rosenberg at Bridge Winners
Bridge, Zia and Me, Google eBook edition
1954 births
Living people
American contract bridge players
Bermuda Bowl players
Contract bridge writers
British and Irish contract bridge players
Sportspeople from New York City
American expatriates in the United Kingdom | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Rosenberg |
Hats is the second studio album by Scottish band The Blue Nile, originally released on 16 October 1989 on Linn Records and A&M Records.
After a prolonged delay in which an entire album's worth of work was scrapped, The Blue Nile released Hats to rave reviews, including a rare five-star rating from Q magazine. It also became the band's most successful album, reaching number 12 on the UK album charts and spawning three singles: "The Downtown Lights", "Headlights on the Parade", and "Saturday Night".
Recording
Having finished promotion work for their debut album A Walk Across the Rooftops, the group's record company Linn Records were keen to have a follow-up record, and in early 1985 sent the band to a house in the golfing resort town of Gullane near the Castlesound Studios where the previous album had been produced. However, sessions for the new record hit problems almost immediately. The band did not yet have enough material to make another album, and with the group forced to share a house and having to spend all their time in close proximity with each other, arguments developed among the homesick band members. Exhausted and stressed, their problems were compounded when Virgin Records, to whom Linn had licensed the Blue Nile's records, began legal proceedings against Linn Records, demanding new material. "We were up against the wall," singer Paul Buchanan told Uncut magazine in 2013. "Living away from home, no money, miserable, getting sued. We were absolutely zonked, the record company weren't pleased and everyone around was starting to think, this record is never going to get made. It was exhausting."
After almost three years in the studio which produced virtually nothing, having begun and scrapped several songs, the group was forced to vacate Castlesound to make way for It's Immaterial, another Virgin band, to record their second album Song. Like The Blue Nile, It's Immaterial also ran into difficulties making their record, overrunning their allotted time and eventually spending a year at Castlesound. During this time, The Blue Nile had no option but to return home to Glasgow; back in familiar surroundings and freed from time constraints, Buchanan overcame his writer's block, while Robert Bell and Paul Joseph Moore began putting musical ideas down on a portastudio. As a result, when the band was finally able to return to Castlesound in 1988, the ideas for the album were already in place and according to Buchanan, "we knew exactly what we were doing. We actually recorded the rest of Hats super quick ... Honestly, half of Hats was, like, a week."
In a 2012 interview with ClashMusic.com, Buchanan reflected on the time lost trying to make the album:
Release
Hats was released in October 1989 simultaneously in both the United Kingdom and the United States: since The Blue Nile was essentially unknown in the US in 1989, the cover artwork for the US release of the album was slightly modified for marketing reasons, with the band's name in larger letters. As a promotional tool, A&M Records—who distributed Hats in North America—took out a full-page advertisement in Billboard magazine offering a free copy of the CD to anyone who called a toll-free number which was provided.
Hats peaked at number 12 on the UK Albums Chart. Three singles were released from the album: the first, "The Downtown Lights", was released in September 1989 and peaked at number 67 on the UK Singles Chart, followed by "Headlights on the Parade" in September 1990 which reached number 72, and "Saturday Night" in January 1991, which reached number 50.
In the US, Hats peaked at number 108 on the Billboard 200. "The Downtown Lights" reached number 10 on the Billboard Hot Modern Rock Tracks chart in early 1990, becoming the group's only single chart entry in that country.
In November 2012 Virgin Records released two-CD "Collector's Edition" versions of Hats and its predecessor A Walk Across the Rooftops in the UK and Europe, each containing a remastered version of the original album plus a second CD of bonus tracks. The remastering process was overseen by original engineer Calum Malcolm, along with Paul Buchanan and Robert Bell, who chose the songs for the bonus CD.
Critical reception
On its initial release in 1989, Hats received highly positive reviews from music critics. Describing the album as "absolutely superb", David Cavanagh of Sounds found that Hats differed significantly from A Walk Across the Rooftops in both its recording technology and aspired moods. Johnny Black of Q noted the more stripped-down nature of the album's songs and praised the band's new direction, stating that "if Hats has a flaw, it's only that it's too perfect, too considered." NMEs David Quantick felt that the album demonstrated the band's flair for writing "incredibly simple-sounding, emotional records about the stuff that fascinates them." Simon Reynolds, writing in Melody Maker, stated that "only the laziest ear would confuse this crystalline perfection with the hygiene and polish of plastic pop" and described the album as "big music, that leaves you feeling very small, very still and very close to tears." In a more lukewarm assessment, David Thigpen of Rolling Stone complimented the band's use of instrumentation to convey emotions, but felt that Paul Buchanan's singing range was limited and the album occasionally veers "into sticky melancholy."
In a retrospective review of Hats, Jason Ankeny of AllMusic praised the album as "a triumph of personal vision over the cold, remote calculations of technology" and stated that in spite of general lack of live instrumentation, "it is nevertheless an immensely warm and human album." Following the release of the album's 2012 remastered version, D. M. Edwards of PopMatters wrote that Hats sounded "richer, fuller, more layered and produced" than A Walk Across the Rooftops and provided a "pretty unrelenting opportunity to really wallow in gorgeous, sublime, melancholy." Reviewing the remastered versions of both albums in Mojo, James McNair cited them as "superior, elegant examples of masterful craftmanship", noting elements of soul and classical minimalism in the albums' "electro-acoustic mood pieces", and described them as "exquisite music for the small hours in which little is said but much is revealed".
Accolades
Hats featured strongly on the end of year critics' lists, making number eight on Melody Makers albums of the year list, and number 18 on NMEs list. "The Downtown Lights" was also placed at number 15 on Melody Makers singles of the year list.
Hats was voted number 345 in the third edition of Colin Larkin's All Time Top 1000 Albums (2000). Q placed Hats at number 92 on its list of the "100 Greatest British Albums Ever" in 2000 and at number 38 on its list of "40 Best Albums of the '80s" in 2006.
Legacy
Rickie Lee Jones, a fan of the band, personally selected The Blue Nile as her opening act for her US tour in 1990. She later recorded a duet with them, a cover of their own "Easter Parade" from A Walk Across the Rooftops, which was featured as a B-side to the single "Headlights on the Parade". "The Downtown Lights" was covered by two artists in 1995: by Annie Lennox (with whom The Blue Nile worked on her debut album Diva) on her second solo recording Medusa and by Rod Stewart on his album A Spanner in the Works. In 2018, Pure Bathing Culture released a cover of the entire album, as part of Turntable Kitchens Sounds Delicious series of artists covering their favourite albums in full.
In 2016, the 1975's lead singer Matty Healy stated that Hats was his favorite album of the 1980s. Healy cited Hats as an influence on the band's 2018 single "Love It If We Made It".
Track listing
All songs written and composed by Paul Buchanan.
Side one
"Over the Hillside" – 5:03
"The Downtown Lights" – 6:26
"Let's Go Out Tonight" – 5:12
Side two
"Headlights on the Parade" – 6:11
"From a Late Night Train" – 3:59
"Seven A.M." – 5:09
"Saturday Night" – 6:26
2012 remastered edition bonus disc
"Seven A.M." – 4:48
"Christmas" – ) 5:05
"Let's Go Out Tonight" – 5:17
"Saturday Night" – 6:06
"Headlights on the Parade" – 6:20
"The Wires Are Down" ) – 5:41
Personnel
Credits are adapted from the liner notes for Hats.
The Blue Nile
Robert Bell – bass, synthesizers
Paul Buchanan – guitar, synthesizers, vocals
Paul Joseph Moore – keyboards, synthesizers
The Blue Nile – production
Additional personnel
Calum Malcolm – engineering
Release history
References
External links
The Blue Nile's official website
The Blue Nile Fan pages Web site
The Blue Nile albums
1989 albums
Linn Records albums
A&M Records albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hats%20%28album%29 |
"Second Chances" is the 150th episode of the American syndicated science fiction television series Star Trek: The Next Generation, the 24th episode of the sixth season. It was directed by series regular cast member LeVar Burton ("Geordi La Forge"). This episode has a cameo by Mae Carol Jemison, the first Black woman in space, who would become the first astronaut to guest star in a Star Trek series.
Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the Starfleet crew of the Federation starship Enterprise-D. In this episode, Commander Riker comes face to face with an exact duplicate of himself, created years earlier by a transporter phenomenon.
The episode aired in syndication on May 22, 1993.
Overview
This episode features a cameo by the first African-American woman in space, Mae Carol Jemison, who was the first actual astronaut to appear on Star Trek. Nichelle Nichols (who played Nyota Uhura in The Original Series) was on set for the shoot. Jemison is a Star Trek fan and specifically cited Uhura as a role model for her and the reason she became an astronaut. She got the cameo after LeVar Burton (who played Geordi La Forge in the show) learned that she was a fan and asked her if she would like to guest star in an episode, and she agreed.
Jonathan Frakes plays both his main cast character William Riker and also a transporter duplication of himself from several years earlier.
The initial pitch for this episode was almost rejected until writers decided to use it to flesh out the backstory on Riker's previous relationship with Deanna Troi.
The writers considered killing off the main Riker, and letting his alternate take over, and also considered killing off the alternate Riker. In the end they settled on letting both Rikers live.
This was the first episode of Star Trek to be directed by LeVar Burton and was Burton's directing debut. Burton went on to direct 28 episodes of Star Trek television in the following years, including Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, Star Trek: Voyager, and Star Trek: Enterprise. (The next episode Burton directed of TNG was "The Pegasus")
Plot
The Federation starship Enterprise is sent to the inhospitable planet Nervala IV to retrieve data from a Federation research base that was abandoned about eight years earlier due to the onset of a disruption field that prevented transporter use. Commander Riker is chosen to lead the team, having been part of the rescue team that helped evacuate the base; Riker notes that during that mission he was the last person beamed out to the Potemkin, where he was serving.
Using a break in the disruption field, the away team beams down and discovers a man who looks exactly like Riker. He says that he is Riker, and has been living alone on the base for eight years ever since the Potemkin was unable to transport him back aboard, under the assumption the Potemkin crew presumed him lost. He is a Starfleet Lieutenant, Senior Grade. This was Commander Riker's rank before he was promoted as a result of this mission.
Returning to the Enterprise, Dr. Crusher determines that this person is truly a second Riker; Chief Engineer La Forge postulates that years before, while Riker was beamed off the planet, the Potemkin had split the transporter beam to cut through the distortions, but one beam was reflected back to the base, so that Riker materialized in both places.
Cdr. Riker suggests that Lt. Riker join them on a second attempt to recover the data. At the base, their personality styles conflict, and the attempt ends in failure when Lt. Riker refuses to follow Cdr. Riker's orders. Lt. Cdr. Data postulates that the two men are resentful towards each other due to the loss of their sense of uniqueness. Lt. Worf suggests another reason: each one sees in the other something of himself he does not like.
While helping plan a third attempt to recover the data, Lt. Riker tries to learn about what he has missed, and attempts to rekindle his previous relationship with Ship's Counselor Deanna Troi. Troi has come to accept that her relationship with Riker is no longer a romantic one, and is initially hesitant, but then considers it a second chance. They enjoy their time together; and Lt. Riker suggests leaving the Enterprise together for a new posting. Troi tells him she will have to think about it.
For their third attempt, Captain Picard selects Lt. Riker's plan over Cdr. Riker's, leaving Cdr. Riker further upset. The plan to get the data is successful, but on the way out a walkway collapses, putting Lt. Riker in mortal danger. Rescuing him would also put Cdr. Riker in peril, and Lt. Riker tells him not to risk it. But Cdr. Riker saves his double, and both return to the Enterprise.
The two Rikers reconcile their differences; Lt. Riker states that he has been given a new assignment on another ship, and plans to take on his middle name "Thomas" to distinguish himself from William. As a parting gift, Cdr. Riker gives his double his treasured trombone, noting that it belongs equally to him. Troi also tells Lt. Riker that she will be staying on the Enterprise, but thanks him for the time they had.
Reception
The A.V. Club reviewed this episode in 2011, and gave it a B+; they felt that LeVar did a "fine job" directing and the same said for the acting.
Legacy
Mae Jemison often gives talks and mentions her experiences with Star Trek to connect with audiences about careers in science and technology.
Releases
The episode was released as part of the Star Trek: The Next Generation season six DVD box set in the United States on December 3, 2002. A remastered HD version was released on Blu-ray optical disc, on June 24, 2014.
On November 3, 1998 this episode and "Rightful Heir" were released together on LaserDisc in the United States for 34.98 USD. The episodes were on a single 12" double-sided optical disc with a Dolby Surround soundtrack.
See also
"Defiant", a Star Trek: Deep Space Nine episode which marks Thomas Riker's return.
Teletransportation paradox
References
External links
Star Trek: The Next Generation (season 6) episodes
1993 American television episodes
Television episodes directed by LeVar Burton | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Second%20Chances%20%28Star%20Trek%3A%20The%20Next%20Generation%29 |
Jamaica is a predominantly Christian country, with Islam being a minority religion. Due to the secular nature of Jamaica's constitution, Muslims are free to proselytize and build places of worship in the country.
The first Muslims arrived in Jamaica as enslaved people. Islam was one of the main religions of Africans brought to the Caribbean and America. Other Muslim groups came through the indentureship program Africa and the Indian subcontinent, and today (in a 2011 census) make up a population of about 1,513 with several mosques and festivals.
History
The first Muslims in Jamaica were West African Moors captured in the Reconquista sold as slaves to traders, and brought to Jamaica on ships. Bryan Edwards and Richard Robert Madden in their works written in the late 18th and early 19th century often wrote about the Muslim slaves of Jamaica and their situation. They wrote that many were able to memorize the Quran, declare the shahada, fasted, prayed, and some were even able to write in Arabic.
Over time most of them lost their Islamic identity due to forced mixing of ethnic groups. Mu’minun of African descent belonging to the Islamic nations of Mandinka, Fula, Susu, Ashanti and Hausa ceaselessly tried to maintain their Islamic practices in secrecy,
while working as slaves on the plantations in Jamaica. By the time the slaves were liberated, much of the Muslim faith of the past had faded, and the freed slaves picked up the faith of their former slave masters. Some Muslim slaves returned to Africa or traveled to other parts of Latin America while others remained in Jamaica and practiced their faith in secret. These factors led to the virtual disappearance of Islam in Jamaica outside of the Indian community.
About 16 percent of the 37,000 indentured Indian immigrants who arrived to Jamaica between 1845 and 1917 were Muslims. Muhammad Khan, who came to Jamaica in 1915 at the age of 15, built Masjid Ar-Rahman in Spanish Town in 1957, while Westmoreland's Masjid Hussein was built by Muhammad Golaub, who immigrated with his father at the age of 7. The indentured Muslims laid the foundation of the eight other masjids established in Jamaica since the 1960s, with the advent of an indigenous Jamaican Muslim community that now forms the majority of the Muslim populace on the island.
Current demography
The statistics for Islam in Jamaica estimate a total Muslim population of about 1,513. There are several Islamic organizations and mosques in Jamaica, including the Islamic Council of Jamaica which was founded in 1981 and the Islamic Education and Dawah Center, both located in Kingston and offering classes in Islamic studies and daily prayers in congregation. Outside Kingston organizations include Masjid Al Haq in Mandeville, Masjid Al-Ihsan in Negril, Masjid-Al-Hikmah in Ocho Rios, the Port Maria Islamic Center in Saint Mary and the Mahdi Mosque in Old Harbour.
Festivals
These are the main Islamic Festivals practiced by Jamaican Muslims:
The Ramadan Fast
Hosay (or Ashura)
Id al Fitr (or Eid-Ul-Fitr)
Eid al Adha (or Id-al-Kabir)
Mawlid
Miraj
Hijrah
References
Further reading
Islamic Horizons Sept/Oct 2001
Afroz, S. (2001) 'The Jihad of 1831–1832: The Misunderstood
Baptist Rebellion in Jamaica' [Journal of Muslim Minority Affairs, Vol. 21, No. 2, 2001]
Jamaica | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam%20in%20Jamaica |
Villarino may refer to:
Basilio Villarino, Spanish Royal Navy captain, explorer and writer
Xulio Villarino (born 1969), Spanish photographer
Ahigal de Villarino, village and municipality in Salamanca, Spain
Villarino de los Aires, municipality in Salamanca, Spain
Villarino Partido, partido in Buenos Aires Province, Argentina named after the explorer
ARA Villarino, 1880s Argentine Navy steamer named after the explorer
Basilio Villarino Bridge, named after the explorer, connecting the Argentinian cities of Viedma and Carmen de Patagones
Villarino Lake, named after the explorer, in the province of Neuquen, Argentina
Villarino River, connecting Villarino lake with Falkner lake, also in Neuquen, Argentina | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Villarino |
Ronald Brent Alexander (born July 10, 1971) is a former American football free safety in the National Football League. He played professionally for the Arizona Cardinals, the Carolina Panthers, Pittsburgh Steelers, and New York Giants. He is now the head coach at Station Camp High School in his hometown of Gallatin.
Biography
Alexander was born in Gallatin, Tennessee and graduated from Gallatin High School in Gallatin. He played college football at Tennessee State University. He was signed as an undrafted free agent by the Arizona Cardinals in 1994. He played in the NFL for twelve years.
After retiring from the NFL, Alexander became a high school math teacher.
References
External links
Brent Alexander at NFL.com
Retirement
SI.com
1971 births
Living people
People from Gallatin, Tennessee
Sportspeople from the Nashville metropolitan area
Players of American football from Tennessee
American football safeties
American football cornerbacks
Tennessee State Tigers football players
Arizona Cardinals players
Carolina Panthers players
Pittsburgh Steelers players
New York Giants players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brent%20Alexander |
Mexico first participated at the Olympic Games in 1900 and has sent athletes to compete in every Summer Olympic Games since 1924. Mexico has also participated in several Winter Olympic Games since 1928, though has never medaled in the Winter Olympics.
Mexican athletes have won a total of 73 medals, with diving as the top medal-producing sport.
The National Olympic Committee for Mexico is the Mexican Olympic Committee and was created in 1923.
Hosted Games
Mexico was the first Latin American nation to host the Olympic Games on one occasion. In March 2023, Mexico Olympic Committee President Maria Jose Alcala officially announced Mexico's interest in organizing the 2036 Summer Olympic Games.
Medals
Medals by Summer Games
Medals by Winter Games
Medals by Summer Sport
List of medalists
Summer Olympics
Multiple Mexican Olympic medalists
Joaquín Capilla is the Mexican athlete with the most medals, four, and the first Mexican athlete to obtain medals in three consecutive games, while Humberto Mariles is the only double Olympic champion, also the Mexican athlete with the most medals at a single Olympic games, with three in 1948, and got Mexico's first gold medal.
In 2016, María Espinoza became the first Mexican female athlete to win a medal in three consecutive games.
See also
List of flag bearers for Mexico at the Olympics
:Category: Olympic competitors for Mexico
Mexico at the Paralympics
Sport in Mexico
References
External links | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mexico%20at%20the%20Olympics |
Jazzmatazz, Volume II (The New Reality) is the second solo studio album by American hip hop musician Guru. It was released on July 18, 1995, through Chrysalis Records as the second installment of the rapper's Jazzmatazz album series.
Recording sessions took place at D&D Studios and at Firehouse Studio in New York, with additional recording at Platinum Island Studios, Unique Studios and The Hit Factory in New York, at Matrix Studios and EMI Studios in London, and at Echo Studios and Brooklyn Sound in Los Angeles. Production was handled by Guru himself, along with the Solsonics, Carlos Bess, DJ Premier, Mark Sparks, Nikke Nicole and True Master.
It features a large number of contributors, including Big Shug, Branford Marsalis, Courtney Pine, Dee C Lee, Donald Byrd and Ronny Jordan, who previously appeared on the first Jazzmatazz album, as well as Bahamadia, drummer Bernard Purdie, Chaka Khan, Freddie Hubbard, Ini Kamoze, Jamiroquai, Kenny Garrett, Kool Keith, Lucien Revolucien, Meshell Ndegeocello, Mica Paris, Ramsey Lewis, Reuben Wilson and Shara Nelson among others.
In the United States, the album peaked at number 71 on the Billboard 200 and number 16 on the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums.
The album also peaked at No. 8 on the Swiss Hitparade, at No. 12 on the UK Albums Chart (also No. 2 on the UK R&B Albums Chart), at No. 19 on the Sverigetopplistan, at No. 24 on the Offizielle Top 100, at No. 25 on the Official New Zealand Albums Chart, at No. 28 on the Ö3 Austria Top 40, at No. 30 on the Dutch Album Top 100 and at No. 39 on the ARIA Charts.
Track listing
Personnel
Keith "GuRu" Elam — vocals, arrangement, producer (tracks: 7, 10, 12-15, 17-20), co-producer (tracks: 1-6, 8, 9, 11, 16), mixing, executive producer
Vocalists
Kevin Williams — additional vocals (tracks: 1, 6, 11, 16)
A. "Baybe" Evans — vocals (tracks: 2, 13)
Lucien "Papalu" M'Baidem — vocals (track 2)
Ceybil "Sweet Sable" Jefferies — vocals (track 3)
Michelle "Mica Paris" Wallen — vocals (track 4)
Yvette "Chaka Khan" Stevens — vocals (track 5)
Me'Shell NdegéOcello — vocals (track 7)
Cecil "Ini Kamoze" Campbell — vocals (track 8)
Derek "True Master" Harris — vocals (track 8)
Jason "Jay Kay" Cheetham — vocals (track 9)
Shara Nelson — vocals (track 10)
Antonia "Bahamadia" Reed — vocals (track 12)
Cary "Big Shug" Guy — vocals (track 14)
Keith "Kool Keith" Thornton — vocals (track 14)
Patra — vocals (track 14)
Deron "Gus Da Vigilante" Johnson — vocals (track 18)
Diane "Dee C Lee" Sealy — vocals (track 18)
Andre "Panchi Da Wild Comanchi" Davis — additional vocals (track 18)
Steven "Bu"/"Hannibal Stax" Johnson — vocals (track 20)
Musicians
Marc Antoine — guitar (tracks: 1, 6, 11, 16)
Mike Bolto — Rhodes electric piano (tracks: 1, 6, 11, 16)
Jez Colin — bass (tracks: 1, 6, 11, 16)
Willie McNeil — drums (tracks: 1, 6, 11, 16)
Shawn Lee — drums (tracks: 1, 6, 11, 16)
Derrick Davis — alto saxophone & flute (tracks: 1, 6, 11, 16)
Jay Rodriguez — clarinet & flute (track 3)
Branford Marsalis — saxophone (track 5)
Meshell Ndegeocello — bass (track 7)
Kenny Garrett — saxophone (track 7), Rhodes electric piano (track 14)
Donald Byrd — trumpet (tracks: 8, 15)
Juan "DJ Redhanded" Cordova — scratches (track 8)
Stuart Zender — bass (track 9)
Wallace Collins — didgeridoo (track 9)
Darren "DJ D-Zire" Galea — scratches (track 9)
Jan Kincaid — piano (track 10)
Ramsey Lewis — Moog synthesizer & piano (track 12)
Brian Holt — bass (tracks: 12, 14), guitar & keyboards (track 17)
George "DJ Scratch" Spivey — scratches (track 12)
Paul "Sequence" Ferguson — piano & keyboards (track 13)
Reuben Wilson — organ (track 14)
Sean "DJ Sean-Ski" Harris — scratches (track 14)
Bernard Purdie — drums (track 17)
Dennis Mitchell — keyboards (track 18)
Courtney Pine — saxophone & flute (track 18)
Freddie Hubbard — trumpet (track 19)
Robert "Ronny Jordan" Simpson — guitar (track 20)
Production
The Solsonics — producers (tracks: 1, 6, 11, 16)
"Nikke" Nicole Miller — producer (track 3)
True Master — producer (track 4)
Chris "DJ Premier" Martin — producer (track 5)
Mark Sparks — producer (track 8)
Carlos Bess — producer (track 9), co-producer (track 2)
Donald Byrd — additional producer (track 15)
Ronny Jordan — co-producer (track 20)
Neale Easterby — executive producer
Patrick Moxey — executive producer
Technicals
Steve Gursky — engineering (tracks: 1, 6, 11, 16)
Carlos Bess — engineering (tracks: 2, 13, 17), mixing (track 9)
Joe Quinde — engineering (tracks: 3, 12)
Ben Jones — engineering (tracks: 4, 5, 9)
Eddie Sancho — engineering (tracks: 4, 7, 13, 18, 20), mixing (track 10)
Michael Chukes — engineering (tracks: 5, 7)
Ken "Duro" Ifill — engineering (track 7)
Robert Caprio — engineering (tracks: 8, 19)
Jason Ball — engineering (tracks: 10, 18)
Leo "Swift" Morris — engineering (tracks: 14, 15)
Yoram Vazan — engineering (track 17)
William "Bill-Dog" Dooley — engineering (track 19)
Kieran Walsh — engineering
Tony Dawsey — mastering
Jose "Choco" Reynoso — creative input (track 2)
Gordon Franklin — creative input (track 15)
Panchi Da Wild Comanchi — creative input (track 18)
Mike Rone — creative input (track 20)
Thierry Le Goues — photography
Henry Marquez — art direction
Duff Marlowe — A&R
Charts
References
External links
1995 albums
Sequel albums
Guru (rapper) albums
Albums produced by Guru
Chrysalis Records albums
Albums produced by DJ Premier
Albums produced by True Master
EMI Records albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guru%27s%20Jazzmatazz%2C%20Vol.%202%3A%20The%20New%20Reality |
Athertonia is a monotypic genus of plants in the family Proteaceae. The sole described species is Athertonia diversifolia, commonly known as Atherton oak, athertonia, creamy silky oak or white oak. It is endemic to a small part of the Wet Tropics of Queensland, Australia. A relative of the macadamia, it has potential in horticulture and the bushfood industry.
Description
Athertonia diversifolia is a tree growing up to tall, the trunk may be fluted and may be buttressed. New shoots and young branches are densely covered in fine rust-coloured hairs. The leaf morphology is highly variable − from a simple elliptic shape to deeply lobed, and they may be with or without finely toothed margins. The overall leaf size also varies considerably, from up to . The petiole measures between long.
The inflorescence is a pendulous raceme up to long, produced terminally, in the leaf axils, and on the branches. The fragrant flowers are cream to green with 4 tepals, and measure up to long.
The fruit is green while developing − at maturity it is a blue (or occasionally rose coloured) lens-shaped drupe measuring around long, wide and thick. The hard, pitted endocarp contains a single seed.
Phenology
Flowering occurs from February to June, and fruit ripen around August to January.
Taxonomy
Athertonia diversifolia was first described in 1918 as Helicia diversifolia by the Queensland Government botanist Cyril Tenison White in his paper Contribution to the Queensland FLora, published in the journal Botany Bulletin. Decades later, in 1955, the Dutch botanist Hermann Otto Sleumer placed it in the genus Hicksbeachia, where it stayed until 1975 when Lawrie Johnson and Barbara Briggs revised the description and created a new genus, Athertonia, for this plant.
Etymology
The genus name is a reference to the Atherton Tablelands, where the type specimen was collected. The species epithet is derived from the Latin words diverto (to differ), and folia (leaf), and refers to the varied leaf morphology it displays.
Vernacular names
The common names "Atherton oak", "silky oak" and "white oak" are given to this species as a reference to the similarity of its leaves to those of the unrelated English oak (Quercus robur).
Distribution and habitat
Athertonia diversifolia is found in north Queensland from the Cape Tribulation area south to the Atherton Tablelands west of Mount Bartle Frere. It grows in rainforest, generally on deep soils of volcanic origin. The altitudinal range is mostly from around , but confirmed observations have been made in lowland forest at just above sea level in the Cow Bay area.
Ecology
The kernel contained within the hard endocarp of this species is edible to humans, and is also much sought after by native rats, which often gnaw through the hard shell and eat the kernel while it is still attached to the tree. The flowers attract a variety of nectar-eating birds.
Conservation
Much of the original habitat of the Atherton oak has been cleared, and what is left is highly fragmented. Despite this the species has been given the classification of least concern, by both the Queensland Government Department of Environment and Science (DES), and the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN). Whilst the DES does not publish its procedure or qualification details, the IUCN's assessment states that the population of this species is "locally common and stable", and that the "area, extent and/or quality" of its habitat is not declining.
Uses
The Atherton oak has become widely cultivated, due to its attractive, glossy, lobed foliage, and its low maintenance.
Gallery
References
External links
View a map of historical sightings of this species at the Australasian Virtual Herbarium
View observations of this species on iNaturalist
View images of this species on Flickriver
Macadamieae
Trees of Australia
Ornamental trees
Endemic flora of Queensland
Plants described in 1918
Proteales of Australia
Monotypic Proteaceae genera
Taxa named by Barbara G. Briggs
Taxa named by Cyril Tenison White
Wet Tropics of Queensland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Athertonia |
H.M.S. Fable is the third album by Liverpudlian band Shack, released in June 1999 via London Records. It was the band's first album following their reformation after the interest generated by their previous much-delayed album Waterpistol and the album by offshoot band The Strands. H.M.S. Fable was well received by the critics: among the UK music publications, the album was placed at number 2 on both the NME and Uncut critics' poll of the albums of the year for 1999, and number 5 in Select magazine.
Legacy
The album was included in the book 1001 Albums You Must Hear Before You Die. NME placed the album as number 332 on their 2013 list of the 500 greatest albums of all time.
Track listing
Personnel
Shack
Michael Head – vocals, acoustic guitar
John Head – electric guitar, vocals, Hammond organ on "Cornish Town"
Ren Parry – bass
Iain Templeton – drums, percussion, backing vocals
Additional musicians
Michelle Brown – bass on "Comedy", "Lend's Some Dough" and "Captain's Table"
Martin Duffy – piano on "Lend’s Some Dough"
The Kick Horns (Roddy Lorimer and Paul Spong) – trumpets and horns on "Reinstated" and "Since I Met You"
Richard Payne – Hammond organ on "Reinstated"; celeste on "Since I Met You"
Anne Woods – violin on "Streets of Kenny"
References
Shack (band) albums
1999 albums
Albums produced by Hugh Jones (producer)
Albums produced by Youth (musician)
London Records albums
Albums recorded at Rockfield Studios | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/H.M.S.%20Fable |
Richdale is a hamlet in east-central Alberta, Canada within Special Area No. 2. It is located on Highway 9 approximately east of the Town of Hanna, west of the Village of Youngstown and north of the City of Brooks. Previously an incorporated community, Richdale dissolved from village status on June 2, 1931.
Demographics
Richdale recorded a population of 14 in the 1991 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada.
See also
List of communities in Alberta
List of former urban municipalities in Alberta
List of hamlets in Alberta
References
Hamlets in Alberta
Former villages in Alberta
Special Area No. 2 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richdale |
Islam in Haiti consists of a small minority of Muslims forming less than 1% of the total population, composed of locals and foreign immigrants. A number of mosques and Islamic organizations are present in the country.
Islam was introduced from Africa during the slave trade period (starting 16th century), but orthodox religious beliefs declined in Haiti in the years that followed. It was then reintroduced by Moroccan immigrants in 1922 and has been present from then until the present. Muslims can practice their religion freely and Islamic studies are available.
Organizations
Islamic organizations in Haiti include the Bilal Mosque and Islamic Center in Cap-Haïtien, which offers programs in Islamic studies and daily prayers. Other notable organizations include Masjid Shaheed Haiti Miragoâne Mosque in Miragoâne and the Centre Spirituel Allah ou Akbar in Port-au-Prince. Masjid Tawhid Haiti laid and is near completion,.
In Gonaives, Mosque-al-Munawwar is the first mosque built by a Pakistani army officer, Major Saifullah while serving in MINUSTAH and named after his father Munawar Sultan Randhawa (a veteran Pakistani athlete) in 2008. This mosque has since been serving as a hub for charity works and was handed over to newly-converted Muslim locals.
After the 2010 earthquake a number of Islamic organisations and relief groups visited the country with the purpose of rendering aid. Mufti Shaheed Mohammed has established a Darul Uloom in the Miragoâne area which caters for Muslims of the entire country.
History
The history of Islam on the island of Hispaniola (which Haiti shares with the Dominican Republic) began with slavery in Haïti. Although many were forced to abandon Islam over time, their Islamic heritage has always persisted in the culture of native Haitians. Additionally, a revisionist history of Dutty Boukman, whose death is largely considered the start of the Haitian Revolution, suggests that he was Muslim. In the early portion of the 20th century, a wave of Christian Arab immigrants came to the Americas, in which a surprisingly noticeable amount settled in Haiti (and other countries as well).
It is said that the first to arrive in Haiti around 1920 was a man hailing from the Moroccan village of Fes along with 19 other families. Today, the majority of the country's Muslims are indigenous Haitians, followed by the ethnic Moroccans. As a result of limited financial resources, they were unable to build a mosque or school until 1985, when a residence was converted into a mosque and a minaret was constructed.
In 2000, Nawoon Marcellus, a member of Fanmi Lavalas from San Raphael, became the first Muslim elected to the Chamber of Deputies of Haïti.
After the 2010 Haiti earthquake, the numerous relief organizations included Islamic oriented organizations. By 2011, the capital Port-Au-Prince had at least five mosques, a Muslim parliament member and a nightly local television program devoted to Islam.
Demographics
Majority of the Muslims in Haiti are Sunni Muslims.
See also
Religion in Haiti
References
Religion in Haiti | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam%20in%20Haiti |
West Palm Beach Christian Convention Center (originally known as West Palm Beach Auditorium) is a 5,000-seat multi-purpose arena in West Palm Beach, Florida, at the intersection of North Congress Avenue and Palm Beach Lakes Boulevard. It was built in 1965 as the West Palm Beach Auditorium and was designed by famed architect Bertrand Goldberg. It was home to the West Palm Beach Blaze ice hockey team, Florida Bobcats arena football team and Florida Hammerheads roller hockey team. It hosted the twelfth WWF In Your House pay-per-view in 1996. The Fort Lauderdale Strikers played their indoor soccer games here in the early 1980s. It was also host to innumerable concerts from different rock acts.
The facility was sold in the late 1990s to the Watchtower Bible and Tract Society, Inc., the main legal entity used by Jehovah's Witnesses. The building and grounds were renovated and the name was changed to West Palm Beach Christian Convention Center and is now used only for their assemblies and conventions.
References
1965 establishments in Florida
American Basketball Association venues
Defunct indoor arenas in Florida
Bertrand Goldberg buildings
Music venues in Florida
Defunct indoor soccer venues in the United States
Fort Lauderdale Strikers arenas
Indoor ice hockey venues in Florida
Defunct sports venues in Florida
North American Soccer League (1968–1984) indoor venues
Sports venues completed in 1965
Florida Hammerheads | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West%20Palm%20Beach%20Christian%20Convention%20Center |
Wellington Barracks () was a military barracks located to the east of Garden Road in Admiralty, Hong Kong. One of many military complexes constructed by the British Army in the area, the land was returned to the Hong Kong government in the 1970s and gradually reverted to civilian use. As a result, the barracks was closed at the end of that decade, demolished in the mid-1980s and replaced with Harcourt Garden.
History
Original hospital (1841)
During the First Opium War, the British occupied Hong Kong in 1841 and one year later, Hong Kong Island was ceded to them in the Treaty of Nanking. The new administration chose the site between the bottom of Government Hill and Wan Chai as land for military use. The British Army erected the Naval and Military Hospital in a matshed in January (or April) 1841. However, it was obliterated just six months later when a typhoon struck Hong Kong.
Wellington Battery
As early as 1842 a "Battery of 5 Guns" appeared on maps at the site which later became Harcourt Garden. Starting in 1854, it began being marked as "Wellington Battery", named after Arthur Wellesley, 1st Duke of Wellington. Starting from the 1900s, the battery ceased to appear on maps.
Barracks
The new barracks was just one of several military buildings constructed by the British Army in Admiralty. These included Murray Barracks, Victoria Barracks and Admiralty Dock. Located to the east of Garden Road, Wellington Barracks was previously situated on Hong Kong Island's waterfront with Victoria Harbour, with a seawall running to the north of the barracks (however, the site is located much farther inland now due to the amount of land reclamation that has been undertaken since). It was connected with Victoria Barracks by a set of cables that ran across Queensway and was used to transport ammunition between the two sites.
The Golden Clock
In 1890 a clock was installed in the top center of the main building to keep time at the military base. It was this very clock that gave Wellington Barracks its Chinese name "Gum Jung Ping Fong" and Admiralty MTR station its name in Chinese (金鐘; "Golden Clock").
Electricity was first supplied to the Wellington Barracks in 1910.
On 7 September 1945, following the end of the Japanese occupation of Hong Kong at the end of World War II, the Royal Navy re-established their naval base, at Wellington Barracks, vacated by the British Army.
As Hong Kong began to expand over the years, the presence of the barracks proved to be problematic. This was because it divided Central and Wan Chai, since development on the site of the barracks was not permitted. This forced developers to construct commercial and residential complexes solely to the east of the barracks in Queen's Road East. As a result, the Government of Hong Kong repeatedly attempted to obtain the site from the military to unite the two districts, but to no avail.
In 1959, the Hong Kong Government paid HK$24 million to the War Department for the release of the land of the Wellington Battery area.
Eventually, the military relented and handed back the land to the government in the late 1970s. Both the Wellington and Victoria Barracks were demolished in the mid-1980s. The new Pacific Place was built on a fraction of the land previously occupied by Victoria Barracks, opening in 1990. The site of Wellington Barracks was replaced by Harcourt Garden.
See also
List of army barracks in Hong Kong
References
External links
Wellington Barracks entry of Gwulo
Picture of Wellington Barracks
Admiralty, Hong Kong
Barracks in Hong Kong
Former buildings and structures in Hong Kong
Military of Hong Kong under British rule | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wellington%20Barracks%2C%20Hong%20Kong |
"Liaisons" is the 154th episode of the American science fiction television series Star Trek: The Next Generation, and the second episode of the seventh season.
The episode first aired on September 27, 1993 and was directed by Cliff Bole. The teleplay was written by Jeanne Carrigan Fauci and Lisa Rich based on a story written by Roger Eschbacher and Jaq Greenspon.
Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the Starfleet crew of the Federation starship Enterprise-D.
In this episode, the Enterprise-D crew takes on ambassadors as part of a cultural exchange, with Picard departing to spend time with the aliens. When Picard's shuttlecraft crash lands on a forbidding planet, and the crew struggles to understand their guests, the stage is set for mystery.
Plot
The Enterprise welcomes two Iyaaran ambassadors, Loquel and Byleth, who are visiting the ship as part of a "cultural exchange" that will also send Picard to their planet. Before Picard departs, he assigns Troi to act as Loquel's liaison and asks Riker to do the same for Byleth. But Byleth has other ideas, and instead demands that Worf serve as his shipboard guide. Soon afterward, Picard departs for the Iyaaran homeworld with Voval, the Iyaaran shuttle pilot, who is gruff and uncommunicative. Their awkward silence is disrupted by a malfunction aboard their ship. Crashing on an unknown planet, Voval receives a concussion, but Picard is seemingly unhurt. He decides to seek help outside, but falls to the ground trying to traverse the planet's stormy surface. While he lies unconscious, someone silently drags him away.
Picard awakens on the distant planet in a small, dimly-lit cargo cabin. He is approached by a solemn, human woman who informs him that Voval did not survive the crash. Picard learns that the woman's name is Anna and that she is the sole survivor of a Terellian cargo freighter crash that occurred seven years before. After Anna tells him that he has three broken ribs, he sends her to retrieve the shuttlecraft's com panel to send a distress signal.
Back on the Enterprise, Troi has introduced Loquel to dessert, and Loquel is so intrigued that even the next morning he is drinking sweet juice. Worf has had about all he can take of his abrasive, demanding guest. Riker decides that the tension might be eased by a "friendly" game of poker. The game is anything but "friendly," and Worf realizes that Byleth is stealing chips. Before long, Worf loses control and, despite Riker's insistence that he calm down, attacks his guest. But instead of getting angry, Byleth is pleased. He expresses admiration for Worf's display of anger and politely excuses himself to document the experience, leaving everyone confused (with the exception of Loquel, who is still reveling in his dessert).
Meanwhile, Anna brings the transmitter module back to her cargo ship, and admits to Picard she accidentally destroyed it, using a phaser blast to removing it at the first place. Picard is then shocked when Anna suddenly kisses him and tells him she loves him. Picard becomes enraged at Anna when he realizes that his ribs are not really broken, and the woman, who continues to beg for his love, is actually holding him captive. He angrily alerts Anna to his discovery, at which point she becomes distraught over failing to gain his affection and rushes out the door, breaking off her necklace and locking Picard inside. Voval comes and opens the door, and talks to Picard.
Voval explains that he only appeared to be dead because, when Iyaarans are injured, their metabolic rates slow down in order to promote healing. He and Picard set off in search of Anna, eventually separating. Picard finds her at the edge of a cliff, threatening to commit suicide if he does not tell her he loves her. When he notices that Anna is again wearing her necklace and that Voval has again disappeared, Picard senses that something strange is going on and tells Anna to go ahead and jump. At that moment, she transforms herself back into Voval, who explains that he is not really a pilot, but an Iyaaran ambassador. He staged the crash in order to study the emotion of love, non-existent on the Iyaaran homeworld, by using Picard as a subject. Similarly, Loquel and Byleth were sent to experience pleasure and antagonism, respectively. Picard is taken aback at first, but upon returning to the Enterprise, acknowledges the experiments of the three ambassadors as being productive.
Upon their departure, Worf and Byleth inform Riker of their marathon eleven-hour session in the holodeck doing battle exercises, which has enabled Byleth to explore the concept of "antagonism" in a less destructive manner. Loquel offers a sampling of Iyaaran nourishment to Troi as a token of his appreciation, but apologizes that it is not as delicious as the dessert he has enjoyed while in Troi's company. Troi accepts the food, stating that the volume of dessert they have consumed has surpassed even her threshold, and she will be quite content to eat something bland.
Releases
"Liaisons" was published by Paramount in 1998 on VHS format, an example of that type of release in the 1990s. It was also released on 12-inch LaserDisc format in 1998, with "Descent, Part II" on the same disc. The entire TNG show was released on LaserDisc between 1991 and 1999.
"Liaisons" has been released as part of TNG Season 7 collections on DVD and Blu-Ray formats. Season seven of TNG, which contains "Liaisons" was released on Blu-ray disc in January 2015.
"Liaisons" was released as a single episode by the online streaming service CBS All Access.
References
External links
Star Trek: The Next Generation (season 7) episodes
1993 American television episodes
Television episodes directed by Cliff Bole | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liaisons%20%28Star%20Trek%3A%20The%20Next%20Generation%29 |
The Israeli Anti-Semitic Cartoons Contest (Hebrew: תחרות קריקטורות אנטישמיות ישראלית) was initiated by two Israeli artists in response to the Muhammad cartoons controversy and the subsequent "Holocaust Cartoon Competition" by the Iranian newspaper Hamshahri. Illustrator Amitai Sandy announced the contest on the website of his Tel Aviv-based graphic arts company on February 14, 2006, stating, "We'll show the world we can do the best, sharpest, most offensive Jew hating cartoons ever published! No Iranian will beat us on our home turf!"
The Jerusalem Post reported Sandy as saying that his intention was to challenge bigotry by using humour. According to Haaretz, within three days of the announcement of the contest Sandy was interviewed by more than thirty daily newspapers, as well as two television channels and a radio program broadcast on 450 local stations in the United States.
On April 6, the winner was announced on the contest homepage: "Fiddler on the Roof." It depicted a fiddler on the Brooklyn Bridge during the September 11, 2001 attacks on the World Trade Center.
Other common themes through the cartoons included world domination, the myth of Jews having horns, the Holocaust (and its denial), and the blood libel, all of which were familiar staples or topics of antisemitism. Many of those staples were canards as well.
References
External links
Israeli group announces anti-Semitic cartoons contest!
Israeli antisemitic cartoons contest, a web-archive of the cartoon gallery
Editorial cartooning awards
Jyllands-Posten Muhammad cartoons controversy
Israeli awards
Arts awards in Israel
Antisemitic works
Jewish comedy and humor
2006 in Israel
2006 in comics
he:פרשת קריקטורות מוחמד#התגובות לקריקטורות | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Israeli%20antisemitic%20cartoons%20contest |
The Oromocto River is a tributary of the Saint John River in southwest New Brunswick, Canada.
The Oromocto River is formed by the combination of the North and South Branches near Fredericton Junction, and flows north-northeast for to its mouth at the Saint John River in the town of Oromocto.
North Branch Oromocto River, in length, flows east-northeast from Oromocto Lake (near Harvey Station), passing through the villages of Tracy and follows sections of Route 645 and Route 101 to Fredericton Junction.
South Branch Oromocto River, long, flows north-northeast from South Oromocto Lake, mostly through forest land to the head of the Oromocto River.
See also
List of bodies of water of New Brunswick
Rivers of New Brunswick | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oromocto%20River |
Scotfield is an unincorporated community in east-central Alberta, Canada within Special Area No. 2. It is located on Highway 9 between the Town of Hanna and the Village of Youngstown.
Localities in Special Area No. 2 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scotfield |
Heat Treatment is the second album by English singer-songwriter Graham Parker and his band The Rumour, released in 1976. A close follow-up to Parker's debut album Howlin' Wind, Heat Treatment was well received by critics and contains signature Parker songs like the rollicking title track, "Pourin' It All Out", and "Fool's Gold". "That's What They All Say" is a Dylan-esque putdown from a realist perspective, while "Turned Up Too Late" was perhaps Parker's most emotionally mature composition to date. "Black Honey" is a dark, downcast sequel to the debut's upbeat first track "White Honey". "Hotel Chambermaid" was covered many years later by Rod Stewart. The Rumour was credited on the back cover and the label, but not on the album's front cover.
In 2001, Vertigo/Mercury issued a remastered and expanded CD, including two tracks from The Pink Parker EP.
Critical reception
Rolling Stones Simon Frith wrote that Heat Treatment "confirms the promise" of Howlin' Wind and showcases Parker and his band performing with a "sheer attack" that makes Howlin' Wind "sound suddenly subdued". Heat Treatment finished second in The Village Voices 1976 Pazz & Jop critics' poll of the year's best albums, with Howlin' Wind placing fourth.
In recent years, Parker on his website has singled out the album as one of his least favorite of his own works, citing his inexperienced vocal technique, his rushed songwriting, and the stiff production by Robert John "Mutt" Lange.
Track listing
All songs written by Graham Parker except as indicated.
"Heat Treatment" – 3:07
"That's What They All Say" – 3:46
"Turned Up Too Late" – 3:38
"Black Honey" – 3:57
"Hotel Chambermaid" – 2:55
"Pourin' It All Out" – 3:15
"Back Door Love" – 3:01
"Something You're Going Through" – 4:10
"Help Me Shake It" – 3:37
"Fools' Gold" – 4:15
2001 Bonus Tracks (from Pink Parker EP)
"Hold Back the Night" (Dennis Harris, Allan Felder, Ronald Baker, Earl Young) – 3:01
"(Let Me Get) Sweet on You" – 2:44
Personnel
Graham Parker – vocals, acoustic guitar, electric guitar
Bob Andrews – keyboards, backing vocals
Brinsley Schwarz – guitar, backing vocals
Steve Goulding – drums, backing vocals
Andrew Bodnar – Fender bass
Martin Belmont – guitar, backing vocals
Additional personnel
John "Viscount" Earle – saxophones
Danny Ellis – trombone
Albie Donnelly – saxophones
Dick Hanson – trumpet
Charts
Album
Single
References
Graham Parker albums
1976 albums
Albums produced by Robert John "Mutt" Lange
Mercury Records albums
Vertigo Records albums
Albums recorded at Rockfield Studios | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heat%20Treatment |
Elisabeth Ludovika of Bavaria (13 November 1801 – 14 December 1873) was Queen of Prussia as the wife of King Frederick William IV.
Biography
Early life
Elisabeth was born in Munich, the daughter of King Maximilian I Joseph of Bavaria and his Queen Friederike Karoline Wilhelmine Margravine of Baden. She was the identical twin sister of Queen Amalie of Saxony, consort of King John I of Saxony, and sister of Archduchess Sophie of Austria, mother of Emperor Franz Josef I of Austria and Emperor Maximilian I of Mexico; as well as Ludovika, Duchess in Bavaria, mother of Franz Josef's consort, Empress Elisabeth of Austria (Sisi), who was Elisabeth's godchild and namesake. She was known within her family as Elise.
Crown Princess
On 29 November 1823, she married the future King Frederick William IV of Prussia and supported his intellectual interests, namely his attempts at artwork, which he held dear to his heart. She refused to become a Protestant as a condition of her marriage, insisting that she would only convert if she was convinced on the merits of the reformed faith after studying it for herself. It was on 5 May 1830, seven years after her marriage, that Elisabeth formally converted to Protestantism. Her union was reportedly happy, but remained childless: after a single miscarriage in 1828, Elisabeth was unable to have any offspring.
Queen
Becoming Queen consort of Prussia in 1840, she was never without influence in Prussian politics, where she was active in preserving the close friendship between Prussia and the Austrian Empire.
To Frederick William IV, she was an exemplary wife and, during his long illness, a dedicated nurse. She was initially hostile to her nephew's British wife, Victoria, Princess Royal, known within the family as Vicky, but their relationship thawed when Vicky took care of Elisabeth and comforted her during the early painful days of her widowhood. Elisabeth never forgot Vicky's kindness and in her will broke with tradition by leaving Vicky her jewels. These jewels were meant to have been bequeathed to the current Queen, (Augusta of Saxe-Weimar, Elisabeth's sister-in-law, who was by then Prussian Queen and German Empress); this was an offense for which Augusta never forgave Vicky.
Queen Dowager
After her husband's death on 2 January 1861, Elisabeth lived quietly at her seats at Sanssouci, Charlottenburg, and Stolzenfels and dedicated herself to charity work in memory of her late husband. Her brother-in-law, Emperor Wilhelm I of Germany, held her in high regard as a true friend.
During a visit to her sister, Queen Amalie of Saxony, Elisabeth died in 1873 in Dresden. She was buried next to her husband on 21 December at the Friedenskirche in Potsdam.
Ancestry
References
Sources
The information in this article is based on that in its German equivalent.
Moritz Freiherr von Bissing: Elisabeth Königin von Preußen, Berlin 1974.
Ludovika Hesekiel: Elisabeth Luise, Königin von Preußen (Berlin 1881).
Dorothea Minkels: "Porträts der preußischen Königin Elisabeth in der Sammlung des Stadtmuseums Berlin." in: Jahrbuch 2004/2005 Stadtmuseum Berlin, pg. 278–304.
Alfred v. Reumont: Elisabeth, Königin von Preußen (Berlin 1874)
Dorothea Minkels: Elisabeth von Preußen. Königin in der Zeit des AusMÄRZens. Norderstedt 2008.
External links
|-
|-
1801 births
1873 deaths
19th-century German people
19th-century German women
19th-century Lutherans
Bavarian princesses
Converts to Lutheranism from Roman Catholicism
Nobility from Munich
House of Wittelsbach
Princesses of Neuchâtel
Prussian princesses
Queens consort of Prussia
German Lutherans
German twins
Daughters of kings
Women who experienced pregnancy loss
Frederick William IV of Prussia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elisabeth%20Ludovika%20of%20Bavaria |
James Madison High School (JMHS) is a public high school in Vienna, Virginia, United States. It is part of the Fairfax County Public Schools district. According to Newsweek Magazine's 2014 list of the top US high schools, Madison was ranked 93. U.S. News & World Report named it a Silver Medal school in 2010. The school has a 98% graduation rate.
Demographics
In the 2020–2021 school year, James Madison High School's student body was 62.71% White, 14.73% Asian, 12.60% Hispanic, 1.86% Black and 8.11% Other.
Standardized testing
James Madison High School continually surpasses most Virginia schools in statewide and nationwide exams. For the 2006–2007 academic year, Madison's average score on the Virginia Standards of Learning (SOL) was 95%. In 2015, Madison's average SAT score of 1744 far exceeded the state (1533) and national (1467) averages; the school's average ACT score of 26.6 likewise outperformed state (23.1) and national (21.0) figures.
Athletics
James Madison's sports teams play in the Concorde District and 6A Northern Region. Their traditional rival schools include nearby schools Oakton, Langley, Marshall, Chantilly, and South Lakes.
Crew
Founded in 2002, the James Madison Rowing team rows out of Sandy Run Regional Park, which is set on the banks of the Occoquan River. Both the men's and women's teams have had a fair amount of success. The women's team holds multiple state championships and went so far as to win the Stotesbury Cup and SRAA National Championship (1V8) in 2013.
Marching Band and Concert Band
The James Madison High School "Pride of Vienna" Marching Band has won three consecutive Virginia state championships in 2018, 2019 and 2021 as well as the Bands of America mid-Atlantic regional in 2019. They also attended the 2019 Bands of America Grand National Championships, where they achieved second place in class 3A, placing them at 29th overall in the semifinals.
The school is one of the five schools to have earned the Sudler Flag twice. In the 2022 VBODA (Virginia Band & Orchestra Association) assessment, the school's symphonic band achieved perfect grades for grade 4, with its wind symphony achieving the same in grade 6, making it the highest achieving band in the district.
Newspaper
Madison's resident newspaper is The Hawk Talk, run by students and advised by Lauren Arvis. Their Editor-in-Chiefs for the 2022-23 school year are Connor Foote, Cate Langhorn, Aidan Rundell, and Mallory Vaudo.
Notable alumni
John Brenkus, host of ESPN's Sports Science and the podcast "The Brink of Midnight”
Bob Brower, former MLB player, outfielder for the Texas Rangers
Valerie Camillo, sports executive, president & CEO of Spectacor Sports & Entertainment
Dana Coons, long distance runner
Robert DeProspero, former United States Secret Service special agent
Jay Franklin, former MLB player, pitcher, selected second overall by the San Diego Padres in the 1971 MLB draft
Azita Ghanizada, actress
Alia Abu El Hawa, footballer, member of the Jordan women's national team.
Mark Jordan Legan, TV writer, NPR contributor, host of the podcast "Film Freaks Forever"
Adam Bhala Lough, music video director, screenwriter, documentary filmmaker
Jim McNamara, former MLB player, catcher for the San Francisco Giants
Robin Reed, former lead news anchor and chief meteorologist at WDBJ-DT
Robert Shafer, Grammy Award-winning American conductor, classical composer
Randy Scott, ESPN sportscaster
Robb Spewak, radio personality on The Don and Mike Show
Stephen Swartz, electronic music artist
James Triantos, professional baseball second baseman in the Chicago Cubs organization
Robyn Vining, member of the Wisconsin State Assembly from the 14th district
Mike Wallace, former MLB player, drafted by the Philadelphia Phillies in the 4th round of the 1969 draft
Natalie Wynn a.k.a. ContraPoints, YouTuber
Mia Yim, professional wrestler
Bryce Eldridge, baseball player
References
High schools in Fairfax County, Virginia
Vienna, Virginia
Public high schools in Virginia
Educational institutions established in 1959
1959 establishments in Virginia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Madison%20High%20School%20%28Fairfax%20County%2C%20Virginia%29 |
I Wanna Hold Your Hand is a 1978 American historical comedy film directed by Robert Zemeckis, written by Zemeckis and Bob Gale, and starring Nancy Allen, Bobby Di Cicco, Marc McClure, Susan Kendall Newman, Theresa Saldana, Eddie Deezen, and Wendie Jo Sperber. Its storyline follows a disparate group of teenagers over the course of one day in New York City as they attempt to gain entry to the Beatles' first live appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show on February 9, 1964. The film also examines the mass hysteria surrounding the event, dubbed "Beatlemania" for the fervency of the group's fans. The film's title is derived from the Beatles' 1963 song of the same name.
The film marked Zemeckis's feature film directorial debut, and was also the first film to be executive-produced by Steven Spielberg. Even though it was modestly budgeted, in order to convince Universal to bankroll it, Spielberg had to promise studio executives that, if Zemeckis was seen to be doing a markedly poor job, he would step in and direct the film himself.
Despite positive previews and critical response, the film was not a financial success and was considered a flop, unable to recoup its rather modest $2.8 million budget.
Plot
In February 1964, the Beatles will make their debut performance on Ed Sullivan's show, which broadcasts out of New York City.
In Maplewood, New Jersey, Janis, a folk music devotee, detests the Beatles, unlike her friends Rosie and Pam. Grace wants to rent a limousine, pull up to the Beatles' hotel and get exclusive photos of the band. The girls recruit Larry DuBois, a shy teen whose father has access to limos. While traveling to New York City, they are joined by the brash and streetwise Tony who also hates the Beatles.
On the morning of February 9, the group pulls up at the hotel, which is already surrounded by screaming teenagers. Grace, Rosie, and Pam sneak inside, while Larry, Tony and Janis remain in the limo.
Grace and Rosie sneak into a service elevator, while Pam hides in a basement closet and sees the group leaving to rehearse in the Ed Sullivan Theater. Grace gets off on the 11th floor, while Rosie goes up to the Beatles' rooms. While evading security, she runs into Richard Klaus, a fellow Beatles fan. They are soon caught and tossed from the hotel, after which the two quarrel and go their separate ways. While hiding in a food cart, Pam is taken to the Beatles' room. Seeing their clothes and instruments, she revels in a moment of euphoria. When the Beatles return to the room, Pam hides under John’s bed.
Grace goes to the theater, where a guard tells her that for fifty dollars he can let her in backstage. Larry asks her to the Valentine's Day dance at school, but she ignores him, still fixated on getting the pictures. To get the money, she decides to take the place of a prostitute who has a client in the hotel. Once in his room, she instead hides and takes photos of the man with the sex worker, planning to blackmail him for the money. He gives her $50 and then attacks her, but Larry, who has been getting progressively tipsy in the hotel bar, appears just in time to knock out the man and rescue Grace.
In front of the hotel, Janis befriends Peter, a boy with a Beatles hairstyle who is determined to see the show. His dad has three tickets to get in, but refuses to give them to Peter unless he gets a haircut. Janis recruits Tony to steal from Peter's dad. Her plan works out, with Peter, Janis and Tony getting one ticket each. While Janis wants simply to help Peter see the show and be himself, Tony is planning to find a way to stop the TV broadcast.
Meanwhile, a radio DJ is giving out tickets to listeners who can correctly answer trivia questions about the Beatles. After several failed attempts, Rosie makes it to a phone, calls in with the right answer and wins two tickets. Pam gets caught, but is treated kindly by the Beatles' staff and even gets interviewed by the press. Eddie, her fiancé, arrives to pick her up. Realizing she is not ready to get married, Pam leaves him behind and runs to the theater, using a ticket that the Beatles' road manager Neil Aspinall gave her.
Right before the Beatles go onstage, Tony grabs a fire axe from a doorway and goes to the roof of the theater, climbing the transmitter to sabotage the broadcast. Janis tries to stop Tony, who is dead set in his plan until lightning from a storm knocks him from the transmitter.
Larry parks the limo in the alley behind the theater and Grace makes her way to the back door. However, a policeman catches Larry, deciding to arrest him for improper parking and driving without a license. Grace runs back and uses the $50 to bribe the cop into letting Larry go. Now without the money to get backstage, she is temporarily disconsolate, but soon accepts Larry's offer to go to the dance.
While leaving the theater, the Beatles take a wrong turn and end up in Larry's limo. As a mob of fans approaches, Larry drives off with the Beatles still in the back seat, and Grace gets to snap her photos.
Cast
Nancy Allen as Pam Mitchell
Bobby Di Cicco as Tony Smerko
Marc McClure as Larry Dubois
Susan Kendall Newman as Janis Goldman
Theresa Saldana as Grace Corrigan
Wendie Jo Sperber as Rosie Petrofsky
Eddie Deezen as Richard "Ringo" Klaus
Christian Juttner as Peter Plimpton
Will Jordan as Ed Sullivan
Richard Singer as voice of George Harrison
Read Morgan as Peter's Father
Claude Earl Jones as Al
James Houghton as Eddie
James Hewitson as Neil
Dick Miller as Sergeant Brenner
Kristine DeBell as Cindy the hooker
Mary Hudson as Girl in crowd
Murray the K as himself
Leslie Hoffman stunt double for Wendie Jo Sperber
Reception
I Wanna Hold Your Hand holds a rating of 90% on Rotten Tomatoes based on 29 reviews with an average rating of 6.8/10. The consensus states: "Its slapstick humor and familiar plot don't break any new ground, but I Wanna Hold Your Hand succeeds at recapturing the excitement of a pivotal cultural moment".
Janet Maslin of The New York Times wrote, "The gimmick behind 'I Wanna Hold Your Hand' is the fact that you never actually see the Beatles; the genius of the film is that you never miss them ... the sneakiness with which the neophyte director Robert Zemeckis skirts the issue is positively dazzling. The Beatles are both there and not there, and the paradox hardly even matters. This movie is about the fans and their hysteria, and so it's the shouts that count". Variety wrote that "the film's early development is too slow and the humor initially too broad. But it develops into a lively entertainment with many memorable lines and scenes. The film's biggest problem, the fact that The Beatles can't be shown, is turned into its greatest asset through Zemeckis' creativity". Gene Siskel gave the film three-and-a-half stars out of four and called it "nonstop good fun" and "the perfect summer film". (Years later, while giving a moderately positive review of Tom Hanks' 1996 directorial effort That Thing You Do on his TV review program with Roger Ebert, Siskel would cite I Wanna Hold Your Hand as a better treatment of the same kind of story than Hanks' film.)
Kevin Thomas of the Los Angeles Times described it as "exceedingly broad and boisterous", with "a clever premise, sturdy enough to aspire to 'American Graffiti's' perceptive nostalgia, but the film zeroes in relentlessly at the widest, least discriminating audience possible. The byproduct of aiming so low so steadfastly is a dose of sheer crassness that frequently overpowers the film's buoyant energy and sense of fun". Gary Arnold of The Washington Post called the film "Inconsistent but zestful", adding that "Zemeckis begins building up a head of steam and never entirely loses it, although the episodic script is an up-and-down, hit-and-miss proposition". Scott Meek of The Monthly Film Bulletin wrote that "certain scenes are successful and amusing... but the film rushes so desperately from one joke to the next that it never has more to offer than occasional moments of somewhat lumbering charm".
Zemeckis later said, "One of the great memories in my life is going to the preview. I didn't know what to expect [but] the audience just went wild. They were laughing and cheering. It was just great. Then we learned a really sad lesson... just because a movie worked with a preview audience didn't mean anyone wanted to go see it".
Soundtrack
The soundtrack features 17 original Beatles recordings:
"I Want to Hold Your Hand"
"Please Please Me"
"I Saw Her Standing There"
"Thank You Girl"
"Boys"
"Twist and Shout"
"Misery"
"Till There Was You"
"Love Me Do [Album version]"
"Do You Want to Know a Secret?"
"P.S. I Love You"
"Please Mister Postman"
"From Me to You"
"Money (That's What I Want)"
"There's a Place"
"I Wanna Be Your Man"
"She Loves You"
The song "She Loves You" was featured twice toward the end of the film. The first time was during the group's appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show on February 9, 1964. For this sequence, stand-in Beatle lookalikes, dressed in identical attire and holding musical instruments in a similar manner, were seen mimicking the group's performance of the song from that show while being shown on the stage floor, albeit from a distance so as not to see their identities. The actual footage of the Beatles was revealed from the camera operator's point of view. These two elements were combined with reactions from the studio audience to recreate a historic moment in time. The second use of "She Loves You" came during the end credits.
Other songs by the Beatles, published years after their appearance on The Ed Sullivan Show, are referenced as in-jokes throughout the film. They are:
"Helter Skelter", mentioned by an aristocratic woman who sojourns at the Beatles' hotel ("Things are all helter skelter!");
"Get Back", mentioned by a cop trying to calm a riot against his arrest of a very young Beatles fan ("Get back girls, get back!");
"One After 909", "909" being the number of the hotel room of a man who is searching for a hooker in New York;
"Polythene Pam", in the name of "Pam Mitchell", the girl that manages to sneak inside the Beatles' room and then has fetishistic behaviours towards objects and musical instruments belonging to the group. "Polythene Pam" was inspired by an evening that John spent with poet Royston Ellis and his girlfriend, Stephanie. The three wore polythene (a common British contraction of the word and the IUPAC version of the word polyethylene) bags and slept in the same bed out of curiosity about kinky sex.
"Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown)", mentioned by a member of the Beatles' staff named Neil (probably a reference to the Beatles' road manager and personal assistant Neil Aspinall) while speaking to a cop after Pam has been discovered lying under John Lennon's bed ("Is that the bird that was under Lennon's bed?", a reference to a widespread interpretation that sees in "Norwegian Wood (This Bird Has Flown)" a confession of adultery). 'Bird' is slang for a young woman.
"Girl", once again during the scene in which Pam is discovered: the cop does not get the aforementioned "bird" allusion, and Neil promptly states: "Girl"; to make this reference even clearer, the cop answers: "Girl, girl" (mimicking the chorus of the song). Noticeably, as the dialogue goes on, Neil speaks about an arrangement he made with Brian (a reference to the real Beatles' manager Brian Epstein) concerning how to handle the situation with the press.
Home media
The film was released on VHS and LaserDisc by Warner Home Video in 1989, under license from MCA Home Video. It was released in the UK on DVD and Blu-ray by Fabulous Films Limited in 2016. In the US it was released by The Criterion Collection on March 26, 2019, under license from Universal Pictures Home Entertainment.
References
External links
I Wanna Hold Your Hand: All Perfectly Normal an essay by Scott Tobias at the Criterion Collection
1970s teen comedy films
1978 comedy films
1978 directorial debut films
1978 films
American teen comedy films
Cultural depictions of the Beatles
1970s English-language films
The Beatles in film
Films directed by Robert Zemeckis
Films set in 1964
Films set in hotels
Films set in New Jersey
Films set in New York City
Films with screenplays by Bob Gale
Films with screenplays by Robert Zemeckis
Films about fandom
1970s female buddy films
1970s American films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/I%20Wanna%20Hold%20Your%20Hand%20%28film%29 |
Craven/Maddalena Films is a film production company founded in 1996 by Wes Craven and Marianne Maddalena. It was best known for producing horror films, many of which are Craven's films and his remakes.
Films by release
Scream 2 (1997)
Don't Look Down (TV movie) (1998)
Music of the Heart (1999)
Scream 3 (2000)
Cursed (2005)
Red Eye (2005)
The Hills Have Eyes (2006)
The Waiting (2007)
Home (2007)
The Last House on the Left (2009)
References
Mass media companies established in 1996
Film production companies of the United States
Companies based in Los Angeles County, California | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craven/Maddalena%20Films |
Hatred of a Minute is a 2002 thriller film directed by and starring Michael Kallio and produced by Bruce Campbell. Kallio co-wrote the script with Lisa Jesswein who also appears in the movie. Producer Campbell also makes a brief cameo in the film.
Plot
Eric Seaver is a young man that was abused as a child. He has since grown up to become a serial killer with a steady job as a medical transcriptionist, transcribing autopsy reports, and a fiancé. As Eric's killings become more frequent, his stable life is threatened and his rage begins to take over any sanity he had left.
Cast
Gunnar Hansen as Barry, The Stepfather
Michael Kallio as Eric Seaver
Matthew Fennelly as Young Eric Seaver
Tracee Newberry as Jamie
Tim Lovelace as Detective Glenn Usher
Lisa Jesswein as Sarah Usher
Michael Robert Brandon as Jack, The Demon
Jeffrey Steiger as Michael, The Angel
June Munger as Linda, The Mother
Colleen Nash as Terry
Michelle Kuhl as 'Cookie'
Rebecka Read as Amy
John F. Gray as Derek
Production
The film was budgeted at an estimated $300,000. The film's title comes from a line of an Edgar Allan Poe poem on which the film's story is based.
Reception
DVD Talk reviewed the film, writing that "There's a lot of promise to be found in Hatred of a Minute, but despite the tears and years that went into bringing the project to fruition, the end result didn't completely gel for me." Ain't It Cool News was critical, as they felt that "the blood and gore in this film barely qualifies as graphic or shocking."
References
External links
2002 films
2002 thriller films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hatred%20of%20a%20Minute |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.