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Shanghai has around 2000 formal bus lines (including city center, trolleybuses and suburban lines), served by more than 10 bus companies. In the past, Bashi, Dazhong, Guanzhong and Qiangsheng were the four largest; around 2009 they merged to become Bashi Group Companies, including Bashi No.1-6 Bus Passenger Service Companies, Bashi Tram, Bashi Xinxin and Chongming Company, Baoshan Company and Jinshan Company. Each Suburban district also renewed with one company serving each district. Around 2015, Bashi No.1 Passenger Service and Bashi Tram merged to be Bashi No.1 Company, Bashi No.2 Passenger Service became Bashi No.2 Company, Bashi No.3, No.4 Passenger Service merged to be Bashi No.3 Company, Bashi No.6 Passenger Service became Bashi No.4 Company, and Bashi No.5 Passenger Service and Baoshan Company became Bashi No.5 Company.
Liveries of different bus companies differ. The most ordinary livery is often called "SH Livery", which was established in 2001. Bashi Group buses, Jinshan Bus Co. of Jinshan District, Minhang Bus Co. of Minhang District and other private bus companies use such kind of livery, while different in colors. Pudong Bus of Pudong New Area has its special livery established in 2009, which is blue and is often called "Haibao Livery". Songjiang Bus of Songjiang District has a livery of a combination of red and grey, which was established in 2007. Fengxian Bus of Fengxian District has a livery of green and white and another livery based on "SH Livery" but with the color of green and blue, which were established after Fengxian Bashi and Fengxian Bus (local owned).Qingpu Bus of Qingpu District started using new livery since the end of 2015, which contains the same color with Bashi "SH Livery" but has different patterns. Zongshen Dazhong of Qingpu District has a special livery of a combination of yellow and green on some of its bus routes.
Since 2006, Shanghai has been the leading Chinese system to implement electric and hybrid buses. During the 2010 Shanghai World Expo, the city piloted a program that includes 256 new energy buses with low to no emission. As of May 2015, the system has over 1,700 new energy buses, amounting to over 20% of the entire fleet.
During the mid-2000s, the city converted many traditional trolley routes to a standard diesel fleet because of route flexibility, speed, and eliminating the visual pollution of overhead wires. However, the obvious benefits of the trolley buses have brought back a renewed interest in keeping and developing the program. In 2013, Bashi Trolley Bus Company ordered 300 new trolleybuses to replace the aging fleet and grow the overall number of trolleys in Shanghai.
In February 2017, a number of ordinary bus lines running under the Yan'an Elevated Road was altered and transformed into the Yan'an Road Medium Capacity Bus Transit System, a trolleybus bus rapid transit line running in the reserved lanes in the center of Yan'an Road. The line is served by a fleet of 40 Yutong ZK5180A articulated bus and 28 Yutong ZK5120C rigid dual-mode trolleybuses. Buses achieved an average operating speed of on the line. The line has an average weekday ridership of about 54,000 people, making itself the most used bus line in Shanghai. Line 71 doesn't share any overhead wires with other trolleybus routes.
On 28 July 2021, the Shanghai road transport department raised the issue of 'optimising' the traditional trolleybus network, which will result in the removal of all infrastructure on routes 6, 8, 13, 22, 25 and 28 to balance between historical value and space taken by wires. Trolleybuses on these routes will be replaced by electric buses.
Naming scheme
Most downtown buses use numbers to specify the lines, while suburban buses and a few downtown bus lines use Chinese characters. In the recent decade, there has been increased activity in network optimization and as a result, many bus lines have been cut, shorted, and combined. Many named bus lines have been converted to number lines with a flat fare. Some regular lines have been changed to rush-hour only, while still keeping their original line numbers.
Numerical lines
Line numbers under 200 are conventional buses (). In these buses, majority of the lines under 30 (except those starting with 0), as well as 71 use or previously used trolleybuses, although some have been converted to use conventional buses. All trolleybuses are air-conditioned.
Line numbers between 200 and 299 are mostly lines dedicated for rush-hour only, with some exceptions where some lines are converted from peak-hour only to full day service.
Line numbers between 300 and 399 are night buses ().
Line numbers between 400 and 499 are buses that cross the Huangpu River. There are also many other bus lines that cross the Huangpu River.
Line numbers between 500 and 599 are special-line connecting buses ().Some of them are merged into one line(e.g. Bus line 562 & 62 merged into 62), and some lines are renamed using the numbers between 900 and 999 after its buses were replaced by air-conditioned buses during 1990s(e.g. Former Bus line 591 renamed into 936).
Line numbers between 600 and 699 are special-line buses in Pudong.
Line numbers between 700 and 799 are suburban conventional lines (). Most 700s buses have at least one terminal beyond Outer Ring Road (S20 Road).
Line numbers between 800 and 899 are special-line buses (). Most of them are mid-size buses, but now they are being replaced with air-conditioned large buses. These lines were previously run by private companies, but have since been overtaken by some big bus groups, The quality and reliability of these lines have been improved significantly.
Line numbers between 900 and 999 were air-conditioned special-line buses (), though as of 2020 the special designation has dropped since all bus routes in Shanghai have been air-conditioned.
Line numbers over 1000 are community conventional buses (). These usually use medium-size buses to connect neighborhoods to bus or subway stations and have circular routes.
Non-numerical lines
Tunnel Lines ()
Tunnel Lines 1 to 9, except Tunnel Line 5, run across a tunnel under Huangpu River. While being the same as buses in the 400s, there are many other buses that cross the many tunnels under the Huangpu River while not named as a tunnel line.
Bridge Lines ()
Bridge Lines 1 to 6 run across bridges over the Huangpu River, including Lupu Bridge, Nanpu Bridge, and Yangpu Bridge. While being the same as buses in the 400s, there are many other buses that cross the many bridges over the Huangpu River while not named as a bridge line.
Airport Lines ()
Airport Lines 1 to 7 connect Pudong International Airport to downtown Shanghai and Hongqiao International Airport, while Airport Special Line () connects Hongqiao International Airport to the Jing'an Temple in downtown Shanghai.
Sub-urban and Rural Lines ()
There will be various additional naming schemes in the alphabet lines. Most lines are named as "XY Line", where X and Y indicate the two terminals of this line, e.g., "莘纪线" (Xin Ji Line) is a bus which runs between Xinzhuang and Jiwang.
Some other lines only indicate one terminal, e.g., "宝杨码头专线" (Baoyang Port Special Line) is a bus which runs between Baoyang Port and Shanghai Railway Station.
In the central portion of some suburbs, there are lines with the name format of "XX No. X" line.
Some of them are community conventional buses ( whose names are started with the name of a town, sub-district, or, directly, district, e.g. Jiangchuan Route 1 () in Minhang and Jiading Route 103 (former Anting Route 1) .
Some of them are special-line buses () for special events, e.g. Expo Route 18 (),
Some of them are special-line buses () for Terminal Stations, e.g. Hongqiao Hub Route 5 (), Temporary Special Route 1 and Route 4 for Chunyun (, now named Route 01 and 04) for West Shanghai Railway Station.
Fare
All flat-rate fare and numbered lines and most distance-based fare lines accept the Shanghai public transport card as well as QR codes of Shanghai public transportation. The transfer discount policy for Shanghai public transport service is applicable.
Shanghai in principle follows the convention which prevails in most Chinese cities whereby 'standard' buses charge between 1 to 2 yuan. Some community bus lines are priced only 1 yuan.
Long-distance buses may charge according to distance on ride. The price of the max-distance vary between length of lines, usually between 5 yuan to 11 yuan. The fare of those buses in shortest distance is usually 1 yuan.
Some long-distance buses may charge standard fares according to its length. For example, the bus from Jiading's Nanmen to Yangpu's Wujiaochang charges 8 yuan.
According to local charging policy, passengers using Shanghai public transportation card or Shanghai public transportation QR code, after taking metro or buses, taking any bus line within 120 minutes enjoy one yuan off.
Since Sept 27, 2023, Shanghai's MaaS system introduced one-day pass, which can be purchased throw WeChat miniprograms 19.8 yuan, and passengers may take most bus lines (excluding buses on high-speed roads) without limit.
See also
References
External links
ShanghaiBus.Net - bus photos and information (Chinese only)
Shanghai Bus System Tutorial (for non-Chinese speakers)
Trolleybus city: Shanghai (China) Trolleymotion.
1914 establishments in China
Bus transport in China
Transport in Shanghai
Shanghai
Shanghai | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Buses%20in%20Shanghai |
Nawoon Marcellus was an elected official of the Chamber of Deputies of Haïti from 2001 until 2004. The first Muslim to hold the position in Haïti, he was formerly affiliated with the Lavalas Family political party of ex-President Jean-Bertrand Aristide.
Marcellus has since been elected to the Senate from the Reseau National Bouclier party in the Nord Department.
Career
In its 2004 Country Reports on Human Rights Practices, the Bureau of Democracy, Human Rights, and Labor of the U.S. Department of State alleged that on "February 27, pro-government gangs and partisans of former Lavalas Deputy Nawoon Marcellus burned the Northern branch of Radio Vision 2000 in Cap Haitian and sabotaged its Port-au-Prince branch."
References
External links
Photo of Nawoon Marcellus
Members of the Chamber of Deputies (Haiti)
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Haitian Muslims
Fanmi Lavalas politicians
Reseau National Bouclier politicians
Members of the Senate (Haiti) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nawoon%20Marcellus |
is a Japanese video game composer and sound director who is best known for his various compositions in many Nintendo games. He occasionally does voice acting as well, most notably voicing Yoshi from the Mario series. He also directed the development of Wii Music.
Works
Characters portrayed
Totaka has portrayed several characters for Nintendo games. He mostly voices Yoshi (first appearing in Super Mario World), but he also voices, Professor E. Gadd, Captain Olimar, Birdo, and K.K. Slider, as well as portraying Shy Guy from 1997 to 2002.
K.K. Slider
The character K.K. Slider in Animal Crossing is named Totakeke (とたけけ) in the Japanese version. This name could be derived from how Totaka's name is said in Japanese (Totaka K.) as last names usually come before personal names in the language. Totakeke is said to be an animal version caricature of Totaka.
At the Mario & Zelda Big Band Live concert, some fans shouted "Totakeke" while the host grabbed a guitar and gave it to Totaka. Totaka then sat down on a chair like K.K. Slider while Shigeru Miyamoto held a picture of K.K. Slider next to Totaka.
Totaka's Song
"Totaka's Song" is a short, 19-note tune hidden in almost every game Totaka has written music for as an easter egg. It was first discovered on the title screen of Mario Paint and was later discovered as having originated in the Game Boy game X, which predated Mario Paint by two months.
Notes
References
External links
Kazumi Totaka's Song at NinDB
1967 births
Composers from Tokyo
Japanese composers
Japanese male composers
Japanese male video game actors
Japanese male voice actors
Living people
Musicians from Tokyo
Nintendo people
Video game composers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kazumi%20Totaka |
Sue Ulu is an American voice actress and actress who, primarily, voiced in English dubs for anime properties licensed by ADV Films during the 1990s. Her most prominent roles include Ritsuko Akagi in Neon Genesis Evangelion and Kei in Dirty Pair Flash.
Filmography
Anime
Films
References
External links
Sue Ulu at CrystalAcids Anime Voice Actor Database
Living people
American stage actresses
American voice actresses
Actresses from Houston
1963 births
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sue%20Ulu |
Back into Your System is the third studio album by American rock band Saliva. It reached number 19 on the Billboard 200 and was certified Gold by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA) since its release.
Back into Your System spawned its first single, "Always" in late 2002 and reached number 51 on the Billboard Hot 100 and number 1 on the Modern Rock Tracks chart. Its second single was "Rest In Pieces" making several Billboard charts in 2003 and later launching their third single "Raise Up", reaching number 29 on the Mainstream Rock chart.
Promotion
On January 3, 2003, the band announced a 32-city nationwide tour to promote the album, beginning in Jackson, Mississippi's Hal & Mal's and finishing at the London Astoria. Breaking Benjamin and Greenwheel were supporting acts during the U.S. dates and Stone Sour performed on the U.K. portion of the European tour.
Critical reception
Back into Your System received positive reviews from music critics. Brian O'Neill of AllMusic praised the band for making the album more focused in its overall sound and musicianship than Every Six Seconds, concluding that "[The] best thing about Back Into Your System is that the disc doesn't seem to pander to rock radio as much as others of its ilk, but it should still (and did) manage success there regardless." Kaj Roth of Melodic also praised the band's commitment to delving deep into crafting solid musicianship while still retaining a semblance of their given genre. Jon Caramanica, writing for Entertainment Weekly, was mixed on Josey Scott's vocal style but gave note that his band's "unsubtle wall of monster metal ensures they never stray too far from bombast." Bob Waliszewski of Plugged In felt the band delivered mixed messages of positivity and hedonism throughout the album's track list, concluding that "With frothing guitars and drooling drums, the guys in Saliva spit out obscenities, spiritual confusion and a smug addiction to celebrity excess. A few good spots, but the parental advisory label is well-deserved."
Track listing
Enhanced CD also features a playable demo of the PC game Warcraft III: Reign of Chaos.
Credits
Credits adapted from album's liner notes.
Saliva
Josey Scott – lead vocals, acoustic guitar, percussion
Wayne Swinny – lead guitar, backing vocals
Chris D'Abaldo – rhythm guitar, backing vocals
Dave Novotny – bass, backing vocals
Paul Crosby – drums
Production
Bob Marlette – producer
Michael "Elvis" Baskette — engineer
Dave Holdredge — programming
Randy Staub — mixing (tracks 1–8, 10, 11)
Cliff Norrell — mixing (tracks 9, 12)
Stephen Marcussen — mastering
Charts and certifications
Weekly charts
Singles
Year-end charts
Certifications
References
2002 albums
Saliva (band) albums
Island Records albums
Albums produced by Bob Marlette | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Back%20into%20Your%20System |
Power Pete is an overhead view 2D run and gun video game developed by Pangea Software and published by Interplay under the MacPlay brand name. It was released in 1995 and packaged with Mac OS 7 on new Macintosh Performa computers. The player's character is an action figure named Power Pete who has to save the fuzzy bunnies of the doll department from the bad toys while progressing through the fifteen levels of the game.
It won Best Arcade Game of the Year for 1995 from Macworld, and was a runner-up for MacUsers 1995 Best Action Game award.
Pangea regained the rights to Power Pete in 2001 and re-released it in upgraded form as shareware with the name Mighty Mike, also providing a demo version of the game available to download. Afterwards the developers decided to make the game entirely free through the public release of the product key to unlock the full version of Mighty Mike on the official game's website. In 2021, the source code was released and remastered for modern computers.
Plot
Power Pete is an action figure residing in a toy store. After the store closes, all of the toys come to life and chaos ensues. A group of plush rabbits escape from their bin and scatter throughout the store, helpless against the hordes of the more dangerous toys. The only one able to save them is the most popular toy in the store, the action figure Power Pete. Power Pete begins a crusade to try to find and save the rabbits. The other toys in the store, whose sales have been eclipsed by those of Power Pete, are less than happy to see the action figure and spend the game trying to hinder his efforts. Power Pete is aided however by the variety of weapon accessories designed for the Power Pete model that are found throughout the store.
Gameplay
Since the game is based on the premise of being inside a toy store, the game levels correspond to departments in the context of geographics. Each level is further divided into three sections. The number of departments a player sees is dependent on the difficulty level setting. While only three departments are available on easy, four are available on medium, and all five can be played on hard.
The player moves about each area shooting bad toys and rescuing fuzzy bunnies. Fuzzy bunnies are rescued by walking up to them. Once Power Pete rescues all the fuzzy bunnies the player can move on to the next area. The harder levels and departments have more powerful weapons and more resilient toys. When a bad toy is defeated, it explodes showering confetti and jawbreakers, which can be collected like coins in Super Mario Bros. Sometimes a power-up will appear where the destroyed toy used to be. This can be either ammo or a special power-up. Weapons and ammo aren't collected separately in the game, so having ammo means having the weapon. Special power-ups have temporary effects and include "fire in the hole" (many small explosions everywhere), invulnerability, an expanding ring of fire, an enemy freezer, or superspeed. The jawbreakers and power-ups created upon destruction of a toy disappear after a few seconds.
There are power-ups spread throughout the different areas of each department that won't disappear until activated. Power-ups activate immediately when Power Pete walks over them. There is a fuzzy bunny radar screen that shows the position of nearby bunnies relative to the player, although the lay out of the game map makes it extremely difficult to reach some otherwise nearby bunnies. Unless the game is set to the easy difficulty setting there are doors or barriers marked with colored dots in each area. The player must collect correspondingly colored keys spread around each area to unlock them. Keys are picked up like other power-ups. Collected keys display in a special section of the status bar until they are used, at which point they disappear. The keys for each department look different in each department. They are, in order from first to last: hammers, keys, bombs, tickets, or radio controls.
Power Pete starts out with four health hearts per life. Each time Power Pete is hit by a bad toy, he loses a heart. The number of starting lives varies depending on the difficulty setting the player chose at the beginning of the game. Power Pete can replenish his health by eating food power-ups that are found throughout the game, one heart per-power up. Food can't be picked up if Power Pete is already at full health. If the player collects 200 or more jawbreakers in an area Power Petes maximum health hearts per life will increase by one heart, up to a maximum of eight, at the beginning of the next area or department. Extra lives are gained by finding hidden "FREE DUDE!" Power Pete action figure power-ups and by reaching certain score thresholds. Points are awarded during gameplay for shooting bad toys. Upon completion of an area, points are awarded for jawbreakers and fuzzy bunnies collected in that area.
Power Pete includes a variety of weapons available to the player. Each has its own advantages and drawbacks.
Reception
The 1996 edition of The Macintosh Bible called Power Pete "truly pleasurable" and "a great deal of fun". Writing for Computer Games Strategy Plus, Peter Smith remarked, "Mac owners don't have a lot of these full screen, fast paced arcade games to choose from, but even if they did I'd still give Power Pete a vigorous thumbs up."
References
External links
The Pangea Software Mighty Mike Homepage
Walkthrough
Mighty Mike download site
Remastered Mighty Mike GitHub repositry
1995 video games
Classic Mac OS games
Classic Mac OS-only games
Pangea Software
Run and gun games
Sentient toys in fiction
Video games developed in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power%20Pete |
Boleslav Jablonský (real name Karel Eugen Tupý) (14 January 1813 in Kardašova Řečice – 27 February 1881 in Kraków-Zwierzyniec) was a Czech poet and Catholic priest.
Although Jablonský studied theology, he was one of the most popular Czech poets in the 19th century, whose songs (Písně milosti) found international renown.
One of his popular poems was Salomo or the wisdom of the father (Salomon neboli Moudrost otcova). A compilation of his poems (Básně) was published in 1872.
He is buried at the Vyšehrad Cemetery in Prague.
19th-century Czech poets
Czech male poets
19th-century Czech Roman Catholic priests
1813 births
1881 deaths
19th-century male writers
Burials at Vyšehrad Cemetery
People from Jindřichův Hradec District
Premonstratensians
Writers of the Romantic era | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Boleslav%20Jablonsk%C3%BD |
David Bruce Wohl (born November 2, 1949) is an American former basketball player and coach, and the former general manager of the Los Angeles Clippers. A 6'2" guard who grew up in East Brunswick, New Jersey and played collegiately at the University of Pennsylvania, Wohl was selected in the 3rd round of the 1971 NBA draft by the Philadelphia 76ers. He played for six different teams over a seven-year career, including the 76ers, the Portland Trail Blazers, the Buffalo Braves, the Houston Rockets and the New York/New Jersey Nets. He was traded from the 76ers to the Trail Blazers for Dale Schlueter on October 2, 1972.
After serving as an assistant coach for the Nets in 1978–1979, Wohl was hired as the head coach of the Philadelphia Fox in the Women's Professional Basketball League for the 1979–80 season. He would later coach the Nets for over two seasons, from 1985 to 1987. In addition, he has been an assistant coach for several teams. He was also the executive vice president of basketball operations for the Miami Heat from 1995 to 1997. From 2004 to 2007, Wohl was an assistant coach for the Boston Celtics. From 2007 to 2009 he was the team's assistant general manager. He was an assistant coach with the Minnesota Timberwolves from 2009 to 2011.
On June 16, 2014, Wohl became general manager of the Clippers. The move reunited him with Clippers head coach Doc Rivers; Wohl was an assistant on Rivers' staff in Orlando and Boston. Although Wohl has the title of general manager, he served mostly in an advisory role to Rivers, who as president of basketball operations had the final say on all basketball matters.
In the 2016 NBA Draft, Wohl's draft selections included Forward Brice Johnson in the first round and both Diamond Stone and David Michineau in the 2nd round. Guard David Michineau was not signed for the 2016–17 NBA season following a sub-par NBA Summer League performance with the team in Orlando.
On August 24, 2017, Wohl was replaced by Oklahoma City Thunder assistant general manager Michael Winger.
Head Coaching Record
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|New Jersey
| style="text-align:left;"|
|82||39||43||.476|| style="text-align:center;"|3rd in Atlantic||0||0||3||
| style="text-align:center;"|Lost in First Round
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|New Jersey
| style="text-align:left;"|
|82||24||58||.298|| style="text-align:center;"|4th in Atlantic||—||—||—||—
| style="text-align:center;"|Missed Playoff
|-
| style="text-align:left;"|New Jersey
| style="text-align:left;"|
|15||2||13||.133|| style="text-align:center;"|(Fired)||—||—||—||—
| style="text-align:center;"|—
|-
| style="text-align:center;" colspan="2" |Career
|179||65||114|||| ||3||0||3||||
References
External links
BasketballReference.com: Dave Wohl (as coach)
BasketballReference.com: Dave Wohl (as player)
NBA.com Coaches File: Dave Wohl
1949 births
Living people
American men's basketball coaches
American men's basketball players
Basketball coaches from New Jersey
Basketball players from New Jersey
Basketball players from New York (state)
Boston Celtics assistant coaches
Boston Celtics executives
Buffalo Braves players
East Brunswick High School alumni
Houston Rockets players
Los Angeles Lakers assistant coaches
Los Angeles Clippers executives
Miami Heat assistant coaches
Miami Heat announcers
Minnesota Timberwolves assistant coaches
National Basketball Association general managers
New Jersey Nets head coaches
New Jersey Nets players
Orlando Magic assistant coaches
Penn Quakers men's basketball players
People from East Brunswick, New Jersey
Philadelphia 76ers draft picks
Philadelphia 76ers players
Point guards
Portland Trail Blazers players
Sportspeople from Middlesex County, New Jersey
Women's Professional Basketball League coaches | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave%20Wohl |
Mille Collines, French meaning "thousand hills", may refer to:
Rwanda generally, often referred to as the "Land of a thousand hills" (French: Pays des Mille Collines)
Hôtel des Mille Collines, a hotel built in Kigali 1973, Rwanda
Radio Télévision Libre des Mille Collines, the former Rwandan radio station broadcasting 8 July 1993 to 31 July 1994 and playing a significant role during the 1994 Rwandan genocide. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mille%20Collines |
Amikiri ( or 網剪) is a Japanese yōkai depicted in the Gazu Hyakki Yagyō by Toriyama Sekien.
Concept
It is depicted as a cross between a serpent, bird or a lobster. It has claws similar to that of a crab or a scorpion, but since there is no explanatory text within the book, it is not certain what kind of yōkai it is. Many yōkai depicted in the Gazu Hyakki Yagyō were done in reference to predecessor works like the Hyakkai Zukan, so it can be seen that perhaps it is based on the one that is closest to it in those predecessor works, the kamikiri. It uses its claws to cut fisherman's and mosquito netting, which it has a bad habit of, and this behaviour leads to people regarding it as a pest.
In various writings from the Shōwa period, Heisei period, and beyond, the amikiri is explained to be a yōkai that cuts meshes and mosquito nets.
According to the yōkai researcher Katsumi Tada, "ami" (meaning nets) can lead one to think about "ami" (meaning mysidacea) due to being homophones, interpreting it as an invention that Sekien created as a result of playing around with words. However, mysidacea do not possess claws on their front limbs, so there are some voices questioning the idea that mysidacea was ever thought about in the drawing.
Legend
In a book titled Tōhoku Kaidan no Tabi by author Norio Yamada, there is a story taking place in the Shōnai region, Yamagata Prefecture about how there was a fishing village where an amikiri repeatedly cut the fishing nets into pieces, and when one person prevented this by taking the net back home quickly and then hiding it, that person found the mosquito nets hung in the rooms all cut by the amikiri, leading to mosquito bites all over this person's body. The yōkai researcher Kenji Murakami was unable to confirm the existence of a legend about a yōkai called "amikiri" from any other source in Yamagata Prefecture, making it likely that this "legend of the amikiri" was simply Yamada's invention.
Notes
See also
Kamikiri
List of legendary creatures from Japan
Yōkai | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amikiri |
Benjamin Mumphrey (born in New Orleans, Louisiana, United States) is an American record producer, audio engineer, and musician.
Producer credits
Benjamin Mumphrey's credits for engineering include:
Frank Black albums True Blue, Show Me Your Tears, 93-03 and Devil's Workshop, all released on Cooking Vinyl;
Black Liquor by Dash Rip Rock, released in 2012 on Alternative Tentacles;
In The Night, the 1998 album by Famous Monsters, released by Bong Load Custom Records;
The Chaos In Order by the Los Angeles group Let's Go Sailing;
the Pixies song "Bam Thwok" (the first official number 1 track on the UK Download Chart on June 23, 2004).
Engineering credits
Mr Mumphrey's credits for engineering include:
Jello Biafra and the New Orleans Raunch & Soul All-Stars(released in 2015 on Alternative Tentacles),
"Ain't That Pretty At All" by the Pixies (a Warren Zevon cover from the Artemis Records album Enjoy Every Sandwich: The Songs of Warren Zevon);
Frank Black's albums Black Letter Days (Cooking Vinyl), Honeycomb (EMI / Back Porch Records), One More Road For The Hit and Snake Oil;
The Breeders 2009 EP, Fate to Fatal, the 2008 4AD Records album Mountain Battles, and the song "German Demonstration" (the B-side to the vinyl 7" single, "We're Gonna Rise");
¿Which Side Are You On?, the 2012 album by Ani Difranco;
"Goin' Home" by B.B. King with Ivan Neville's Dumpstaphunk (the title track from the Vanguard Records album Goin' Home: A Tribute To Fats Domino);
Alligator Records' American Patchwork by Anders Osborne;
Sub Pop Records' Dynamite Steps by The Twilight Singers and Saturnalia by The Gutter Twins;
Bloodshot Records' Can You Deal With It? by Andre Williams & the New Orleans Hellhounds;
Ben Harper's Live from Mars (2nd engineer); Here Comes That Weird Chill by Mark Lanegan (assistant engineer);
various recordings by Paul Avion;
"Hard Luck Guy" by Greg Dulli (featuring Quintron), released in 2007 by Shake-It Records, as part of a series covering the songs of the late Muscle Shoals guitarist and songwriter Eddie Hinton.
Musician credits
The Breeders, "Pinnacle Hollow" (bass); Frank Black & the Catholics, "Velvety" (percussion); Greg Dulli, "Hard Luck Guy" (drums).
Mumphrey was the stage sound mixer for the Pixies' 2004 reunion tour, documented in the film loudQuietloud: A Film About the Pixies. He also worked as a staff engineer at Sound City Studios in Los Angeles, and Studio in the Country, in Washington Parish, Louisiana.
In 2013, Mumphrey played a bit part as a recording engineer on the series finale of the HBO television show Treme, "To Miss New Orleans".
References
External links
Allmusic: Ben Mumphrey Discography
American multi-instrumentalists
American audio engineers
Record producers from Louisiana
Musicians from New Orleans
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben%20Mumphrey |
The Shanghai Public Transportation Card (SPTC) ( also known as ) is a contactless card, utilizing RFID technology, which can be used to access many forms of public transport and related services in and around Shanghai. Shanghai public transportation card is also provided in the form of QR codes, which is accessible throw WeChat, AliPay, APPs and miniprograms, and enjoy same price discounts as cards.
Uses
The SPTC is a form of rechargeable cash card, and allows access to, among other things in Shanghai:
Metros
Airport maglev
Trams
Buses and trolleybuses
Ferries
Taxis
Tourist centers
Car parks
Fuel stations
Expressways
Auto repair service
Among the list above, metro, maglev, trams, buses, trolleybuses and ferries also accept Shanghai Publis Transportation QR codes.
Shanghai's latest transportation card utilizes China T-Union and can be used in most cities in China that also utilized T-Union.
Purchase and funding
There are five types of SPTCs:
Standard
Memorial
Mini
Personalized
Watch
Only the Standard card has a refundable deposit (20 RMB); other cards cannot be refunded, but have a lower deposit (20 RMB) and are resalable through other means. Cards can be reloaded in multiples of 10 RMB, at selected convenience stores, banks throughout Shanghai and service counters at all metro stations, or in multiples of 50 RMB in many local Metro stations (by machine; this is only possible for standard-sized cards with the exception of some machines in line 8 stations that are capable of taking most sizes). Furthermore, Android phone users can reload the cards (numbers started with U only) on the SPTC App, using NFC. Should a cardholder attempt to board a bus, ferry or the metro without sufficient funds in their card, an overdraft will be allowed if the balance (prior to the overdraft) is non-negative and the fare is less than 10 RMB.
Personalized cards are also available upon request at the Transportation Card Service Center on West Nanjing Road for a fee of 60 yuan (not inclusive of any credit).
Discounts
The following discounts are available to card holders and QR code users:
Interchange discount
When cardholders take a different bus within a 120-minute period from first touch-in on the previous bus, the second trip is discounted by 1 RMB, likewise the metro (while the 120-min window starts from touch-out). But no discount is applied when taking two consecutive metro journeys. For example, a trip from Jinshajiang Road/Zhenbei Road (118 Plaza) to Zhangjiang High-Technology Park costs 7 RMB in cash (Bus 94 -> Metro Line 2), but with the SPTC, the cost is reduced to 6 RMB. On some bus routes which have a one-yuan fare, trips will be free. For example, exiting from a metro station and then taking a four-digit-route bus (usually serving a residential district quite far from the station, and having one-yuan fare due to subsidy), the bus section would be free.
Metro discount
When 70 RMB is used on the same card or QR code account on the Shanghai Metro within one natual month, further metro fares are discounted 10%. This discount is applied after the Interchange discount, i.e. when both discounts are applied to a 4-RMB metro trip, the cost will be 2.7 RMB (The metro fare is 3 RMB after 1 RMB Interchange discount, then 10% discount on 3 RMB is 2.7 RMB).
Virtual transfer
For various reasons, free in-system transfer is not yet possible at some stations, such as Shanghai Railway Station. While passengers with single-ride tickets must exit and re-enter at these stations to transfer between lines (and therefore re-purchase tickets), Public Transportation Card holders or QR Code users are charged as if the two segments were one, as long as they re-enter within 30 minutes after they exited the other station. Fares are reduced during this process.
External links
Shanghai Public Transportation Card Co. official website
Check your stored-value card balance – Enter your Card Number (卡 号)and Press Left button (查询)
References
Transport in Shanghai
Contactless smart cards
Fare collection systems in China | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shanghai%20Public%20Transport%20Card |
The Demokrāti.lv, known as Jaunie Demokrāti prior to 2009, was a centrist and "Euro-realist" political party in Latvia. It was formed in 2004 when two members of the Latvian parliament, Māris Gulbis and Ināra Ostrovska broke away from the New Era Party. The New Democrats were aligned with the pan-European EUDemocrats organisation.
The New Democrats won 1.27% of vote and no seats in the parliament in 2006 election. After the election, they started talks with For Fatherland and Freedom/LNNK about a possible merger, which were unsuccessful.
After the 2009 rebrand, the party participated in the 2009 Latvian municipal elections, gaining few seats. Before the 2010 Latvian parliamentary election the party was one of the founders of the Made in Latvia political alliance, but shortly afterwards was expelled from it.
On March 10, 2011, the party announced that it had dissolved. Its last chairman was Edgars Jansons.
External links
Official web site
2004 establishments in Latvia
Political parties established in 2004
Political parties in Latvia
Defunct political parties in Latvia
Centrist parties in Latvia
Political parties disestablished in 2011 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Demokr%C4%81ti.lv |
Ernst Kraus (June 8, 1863 – September 5, 1941) was a German dramatic tenor best known for his performances in the operas of Richard Wagner. He decided to embark on an operatic career when he heard leading singers performing in Nuremberg. He studied voice first in Milan with Cesare Galliera and then in Munich with Anna Schimon-Regan.
Kraus debuted in Mannheim as Tamino in Die Zauberflöte on March 26, 1893. He first came to the United States in 1894, where he was engaged as principal tenor of the Damrosch Opera Company; he returned in 1895. He was appointed the leading tenor of the Berlin Staatsoper in 1896, holding that position for 27 continuous years. During this period, he distinguished himself in the German repertory. In 1901, he appeared at the Bayreuth Festival as Siegmund in Die Walküre, the role in which he made his New York Metropolitan Opera debut on November 25, 1903.
He retired from opera in 1924 in order to teach, and died in Wörthsee, Germany, in 1941. His voice was noted in his prime for its exceptional power and solidity rather than for its beauty or suavity of phrasing. It is preserved in several cylinders recorded for Thomas Edison's German branch between 1905 and 1910, among them "Am Stillen Herd" from Die Meistersinger (no. 15194) and "Liebeslied" from Die Walkure (no. 15256), as well as a number of acoustically recorded discs made prior to World War I.
References
David Ewen, Encyclopedia of the Opera: New Enlarged Edition. New York; Hill and Wang, 1963.
The New York Times, November 19, 1903: "More Opera Singers Here".
Girard, Victor and Harold M. Barnes, Vertical-cut Cylinders and Discs. London: British Institute of Recorded Sound, 1964.
1863 births
1941 deaths
German operatic tenors | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ernst%20Kraus |
Mlječanica () is a spa village located in the municipality of Kozarska Dubica, Bosnia and Herzegovina. The Special Hospital "Mlječanica" is a center for physiatrics and rehabilitation. According to the 2013 census, the village had 160 residents.
History
Mineral water of Mlječanica was first described by Austrian chemist in 1888, but remained in use only by local residents. In the 1970s, more thorough hydro-geological studies were conducted, as well as a detailed physical and chemical analysis of the water. Construction of the spa began in the early 1980s, including a stationary with 105 beds, restaurant and accompanying facilities. The spa officially opened on 4 July 1987.
Patients come to Mlječanica for treatment of brain strokes and hemiplegia; rheumatic diseases (inflammation and degenerative, knuckle or out-knuckle rheumatism); gastrointestinal diseases; gynecological diseases, and post-traumatic and post-surgery conditions.
The natural mineral water is classified as a magnesium-calcium-sodium-sulfide water. The temperature at the source is 15 °C. The same water is used for treatment.
In 2021, the spa was declared "an institution of strategic importance" by the Government of Republika Srpska. Manager of the Special Hospital Darko Banjac announced investments of 32 million BAM (16 million Euro) in the upcoming period, and transformation of the hospital into a "respectable health and diagnostic centre". The planned expansions include a new semi-intensive care hospital department, with 50 beds; a resort complex including a 150-bed hotel, wellness centre and swimming pools; new bungalows; sports hall; football field and other sports pitches.
References
External links
Official page of the Special Hospital
Populated places in Dubica, Bosnia and Herzegovina
Spa towns in Bosnia and Herzegovina | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mlje%C4%8Danica |
Jackson Whiteside Eskew Kenmore (July 29, 1940 – February 6, 2016), known professionally as Jack Eskew, was an American arranger and orchestrator based in Los Angeles, California. He studied music at the University of Southern California before beginning his career in the early 1960s by touring the United States as a trumpeter with various bands, most prominently with Harry James.
Later in the 1960s, he led the band at Disneyland that appeared nightly in the famous subterranean rising stage, playing trumpet and piano. He subsequently became music director at Disneyland. During the 1960s and '70s, he musically supervised such television shows as the classic The Banana Splits Adventure Hour, The Sonny and Cher Show, and The Mac Davis Show.
From the early 1980s, Eskew worked with Oscar-winning film composer Bill Conti (best known for his scores of the Rocky series and The Right Stuff) and subsequently orchestrated The Karate Kid series, Baby Boom, Betrayed, A Prayer for the Dying, Broadcast News, The Addams Family, Rookie of the Year, Huckleberry Finn, The Big Blue, the Pierce Brosnan remake of The Thomas Crown Affair, Spy Hard, 8 Seconds, and Rocky Balboa, among others. Continuing his long collaboration with Conti, Eskew also orchestrated numerous telecasts of the annual Academy Awards with Conti serving at the helm as musical director and on-air conductor.
Eskew was nominated three times for an Emmy Award, sharing with Conti the 1994 winning award for Outstanding Individual Achievement in Music Direction, The 64th Annual Academy Awards.
References
External links
(Incomplete)
Emmy Site (Scroll down on linked page)
1940 births
2016 deaths
American music arrangers
American trumpeters
American male trumpeters
American pianists
Musicians from Los Angeles
USC Thornton School of Music alumni
American male pianists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack%20Eskew |
Pericle Felici (1 August 1911 – 22 March 1982) was an Italian prelate of the Catholic Church. From 1947 until his death he held various offices in the Roman Curia, including Secretary General of the Second Vatican Council, head of the Pontifical Commission for the Revision of the Code of Canon Law, and from 1977 Prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura. He became a cardinal in 1967. In 1978, he twice announced to the world from the balcony of St. Peter's Basilica the election of a new pope. At the Council he was identified with the conservatives who sought to maintain Curial control of the proceedings and he was a prominent voice for more conservative and traditionalist views throughout his career.
Biography
Felici was born in Segni near Rome on 1 August 1911. He studied theology at the local seminary of Segni and at the Roman Pontifical Seminary. He was ordained as a priest in 1933. He earned degrees in philosophy, theology and canon law and then served for ten years as rector of the Pontifical Roman Seminary. He took up his first assignment with the Roman Curia in 1947 as an auditor of the Roman Rota, the Holy See's highest trial court.
Second Vatican Council
In 1959, when Pope John XXIII named a committee of twelve to plan the Second Vatican Council, Felici was named a member and its secretary. As secretary he served as spokesman, outlining the committee's plans to the media. He described its work as current issues rather than questions of church practice and said journalists would be welcome to report freely: "The Pope wants all opinions, even if contrary to the doctrine, experience and jurisprudence of the Roman curia." Cardinal Roberto Tucci recorded in his diaries that Pope John described Felici as very learned and a hard worker, adding that "he has a narrow mind".
In 1960 he was appointed the titular archbishop of Samosata and ordained as a bishop on 28 October. Upon the death of Pope John in 1963, Felici led the services when the pope's body was transferred to St. Peter's Basilica and when it was interred in the basilica's crypt.
As Secretary General of the council, he took the required oath on behalf of all Council participants. He made announcements to the assembled bishops about their agenda and procedures in Latin, as well as the results of balloting when voting began in late 1963. In 1962, during its first session, he prevented the distribution of copies of a speech scheduled for delivery by Cardinal Helder Pessoa Camara of Rio de Janeiro because it criticized the council's failure to address social issues. On 25 November 1963, as the council's second session was nearing its end and factional disputes were breaking into the open, Felici tried to prevent the distribution of a statement on the council's much-contested document on communications signed by 25 bishops, even trying without success to take one from Auxiliary Bishop Josef Maria Reuss of Mainz and then summoning Vatican police. Thomas Merton mocked him as the council's "dean of discipline" when the next year Felici announced that distributing such leaflets was forbidden. Felici was identified as a key member of the Curia, along with such senior officials as Alfredo Ottaviani, head of the Congregation of the Holy Office, and Amleto Cicognani, Secretary of State, who tried to maintain control of the Council in the interests of the Roman Curia and limit the influence of the bishops who constituted the council's membership.
Later appointments
He was also named president of the Pontifical Commission for the Interpretation of the Decrees of the Second Vatican Council. It was tasked with implementing papal decisions that resulted from the council's work and authoring decrees to implement the council's decisions on Christian education and on the role of the laity. He was also a member of the Vatican commission that reviewed the new catechism produced by the Dutch bishops in 1967 and sought clarifications before allowing it to be translated into other languages.
Beginning on 21 February 1967, he headed the Pontifical Commission for the Revision of the Code of Canon Law, a task completed a few months before his death. The commission's initial attempts to produce an introductory statement on the nature of the Church, a text known as the Lex Fundamentalist, met significant criticism from those identified as liberals and progressives, and Cardinal Suenens blamed Felici personally for producing a text, he said, "completely blocking all future development". Felici circulated a draft to the world's bishops in the spring of 1971 and reported to the Synod of Bishops in November 1971 that it had been overwhelmingly rejected. It was, wrote one journalist, "vigorously and even bitterly criticized by canon lawyers and others" who described it as "overly authoritarian" and complained that it "committed the church to single outdated view of itself at a time when the subject is still a source of considerable disagreement among theologians".
By the time Pope Paul reiterated the Church's opposition to artificial birth control in Humanae vitae in 1968, Felici was recognized as one of the key figures in the Curia who supported Pope Paul VI in his "new hard-line policy". In The New Yorker, Francis X. Murphy found it "depressing" that the pope was "inspired and supported by the same group ... who tried unsuccessfully to thwart the majority of the bishops at the Council"–Ottaviani, Cicognani, Antoniutti, Staffa, and Felici–a group of whom the liberal and controversial theologian Edward Schillebeeckx said: "In my opinion, Pope Paul has become a prisoner of five or six cardinals. Because of their one-sided information, he became convinced of the necessity of a hard line [on birth control]. Everybody knows who these cardinals are. They are really blind. They are the ones who are destroying the Church."
Felici appeared in a more collaborative context in 1970 when he joined Cardinal Johannes Willebrands in announcing somewhat relaxed rules for Catholics who marry non-Catholics.
He was also a member of the Pontifical Commission for the Revision of the Code of Canon Law for the Eastern Rite.
On 26 June 1967, Pope Paul VI elevated him to the rank of cardinal and made Cardinal-Deacon of Sant'Apollinare alle Terme Neroniane-Alessandrine. At a reception for the new cardinals, Pope Paul asked him what the appointment meant to him and he answered: "A lot of work and loyalty to the boss."
On 14 September 1977 he was appointed Prefect of the Supreme Tribunal of the Apostolic Signatura, the chief judicial officer of the Holy See.
1978 conclaves
In 1978, Felici participated in the August and October papal conclaves, where he was considered papabile, that is, a candidate for election, though no candidate appeared particularly strong. Reports said U.S. and Latin American cardinals found Felici too conservative.
Because he was the senior Cardinal Deacon, he made the first public announcement of the conclave's results, announcing the elections of Albino Luciani as Pope John Paul I and of Karol Wojtyła as Pope John Paul II. He also as senior cardinal deacon bestowed the pallium on both popes at their papal inaugurations.
His title as cardinal-deacon was changed to cardinal-priest on 30 June 1979.
Synod of Bishops
He was a conservative voice at several meetings of the Synod of Bishops. In 1971, though Pope Paul had sought the bishops' opinions on priestly celibacy, he preferred to leave the matter to the pope alone. In 1974, he led the discussion group that chose Latin as its common language and he criticized liberals who represented social and political liberation as a pathway to liberation from sin, which he considered a formulation that reversed the truth and disparaged the role of religion and the Church.
In 1978, Pope John Paul II appointed Felici to the 15-member council of the Secretariat for the Synod of Bishops, in likely anticipation of the planned 1980 synod on the family, given the Signatura's responsibility for marriage annulments. Felici was known as an opponent of proposals to ease the granting of annulments. At that Synod in October 1980, when several bishops called for a study of the Church's ban on artificial forms of birth control or a reconsideration of the way the Church taught it, he said he considered the encyclical that established the ban, Humanae vitae, a "closed" document. Felici said: "There is no need of rediscussing it, no need to pay attention to statistics because statistics don't signify anything." In a speech approved by Pope John Paul II, he reported to the Synod that marriage annulments were rapidly increasing and that lower courts were failing to uphold standards and using excuses like "psychological immaturity". He warned that canon law should not be disregarded out of "theological or pastoral concern".
Last years
A master of Latin, he "had a biting sense of humor, which he reportedly used at the expense of cardinals whose Latin was not up to his". He wrote poetry in Latin and was said to prefer to converse in Latin.
He suffered a heart attack in 1980. He collapsed after attending a religious service in Foggia and died there on 22 March 1982. At the time of his death he was a member of several dicasteries, including the Congregation for the Doctrine of the Faith, the Congregation for Bishops, the Sacred Congregation for the Discipline of the Sacraments, and the Congregation for the Causes of Saints.
His diaries of his work for the Second Vatican Council covering the years 1959 to 1966 were published in 2015.
Selected works
Council Digest: The Basic Message of Vatican Council II (1981)
Concilio vitam alere: Meditationes super decretis Concilii Vaticani II (1975), with Trento Longaretti
Il diario conciliare di monsignor Pericle Felici (2015), edited by Vincenzo Carbone and Agostino Marchetto
Magistero e Autorità nella Chiesa (1969)
Notes
References
Additional sources
External links
(Pericle Felici announcing the election of Pope John Paul I)
RAIStoria Elezione Giovanni Paolo II (Pericle Felici announcing the election of Pope John Paul II)
1911 births
1982 deaths
People from Segni
20th-century Italian cardinals
20th-century Italian Roman Catholic titular archbishops
Protodeacons
Pontifical Roman Seminary alumni
Participants in the Second Vatican Council
Prefects of the Apostolic Signatura
Cardinals created by Pope Paul VI | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pericle%20Felici |
WCTR may refer to:
WCTR (AM), a radio station (1530 AM) licensed to Chestertown, Maryland, United States
West Coast Talk Radio, a radio station on the Grand Theft Auto: San Andreas & Grand Theft Auto V soundtrack
CharterTV3, a regional cable television station in Worcester, Massachusetts, United States, also known as WCTR-TV3
WCTU Railway
World Touring Car Cup, abbreviated to WTCR, referring to the use of TCR regulations, an international touring car championship in motorsport | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WCTR |
The 1959 Pacific hurricane season saw 15 storms develop, 5 of which became hurricanes, and 3 of those became major hurricanes. The season officially started on May 15, 1959 in the Eastern Pacific, and ended on November 30, 1959.
The strongest storm was Hurricane Patsy, the first Category 5 hurricane recorded in the Central Pacific basin, which reached winds. Also notable was Hurricane Dot, which made landfall on Kauai, Hawaii as a Category 1 hurricane. The deadliest storm of the season was Hurricane Fifteen, which made landfall in Mexico as a Category 4 hurricane and killed 1,800 people.
Timeline
Systems
Tropical Storm One
A 55 mph (75 km/h) tropical storm was first located on June 9 while west of Mexico. It did not strengthen any further as it paralleled the Mexican coast. It made landfall near Los Mochis, Mexico on June 12 and dissipated shortly afterward. There are no reports of damages or deaths due to the storm.
Tropical Storm Two
On June 25, a small tropical storm developed off the coast of Mexico. It attained winds of 50 mph at its peak. It later dissipated on June 27.
Tropical Storm Clara
After a month of inactivity, a tropical storm formed several thousands of miles south-west of the southern tip of Baja California. This tropical storm began moving north-westwards while keeping its intensity. Winds peaked at 50 mph (85 km/h). On July 19, this tropical storm began moving west and finally dissipated 3 days later.
The name Clara was assigned from the North Pacific Typhoon name list.
Tropical Storm Four
Soon after Tropical Storm Clara dissipated, a new tropical storm formed in the open Pacific. Tropical Storm Four moved west, then west-north-west. Like the previous two tropical storms, it did not affect land. It dissipated on July 25.
Tropical Storm Five
Tropical Storm Five was a short-lived tropical storm, only lasting a day. It peaked at a relatively weak 45 mph (75 km/h). It moved parallel to the Mexican coast.
Hurricane Dot
Dot was first identified as a strong tropical storm southeast of Hawaii on August 1. The storm was potentially a continuation of a previously unnamed tropical cyclone that was monitored west of the Baja California Peninsula from July 24-27, but was never confirmed due to a lack of ship reports. Dot was quick to intensify, reaching hurricane intensity six hours after naming. By August 3, Dot reached its peak intensity, with maximum sustained winds reaching 150 mph (240 km/h). Intensity leveled off afterwards as Dot tracked westward before making a curve towards the northwest on August 5, after which the hurricane weakened at a faster clip. Dot made landfall the next day on Kauai as a minimal hurricane before dissipating west of the Hawaiian Islands on August 8.
Dot produced heavy rainfall and gusty winds as it passed south of the Big Island, Lanai, Maui, Molokai, and Oahu, resulting in minor damage. In Oahu, some homes along the coast were unroofed, and damage from wave action was also reported. Damage from these four islands totaled US$150,000, and two indirect deaths occurred in Lanai. Extensive damage occurred on Kauai as Dot made landfall, producing wind gusts as high as 103 mph (166 km/h) and toppling trees and power lines. Widespread power outages affected the island, causing telecommunications and water systems to fail. Although infrastructure was damaged to an extent by floodwater and strong winds, crops suffered the most losses. Cane sugar crops sustained US$2.7 million in losses. Overall, damage from Dot across Hawaii totaled US$6 million, and a disaster area declaration and state of emergency took effect for the archipelago after the hurricane's passage.
Tropical Storm Seven
On August 4, a tropical storm formed at about 26°N, quite a long way north for tropical cyclone formation. This system gradually moved west and then turned to the west-south-west late on August 5. It dissipated a couple of hours later.
Tropical Storm Eight
Tropical Storm Eight formed on August 19, several hundred miles west of Mexico. This system did not affect land so no deaths or damages were contributed to this tropical storm.
Tropical Storm Nine
Just days after Tropical Storm Eight dissipated, meteorologists noticed a new tropical system that, once again, was out at sea. Although the storm reached 45 mph winds, it only lasted 2 days.
Hurricane Ten
Hurricane Ten formed off the coast of Guatemala as a Category 1 hurricane. It nearly made landfall on September 6. The system turned to the north, then NNW on September 7. It made landfall in Baja California Sur and continued along the state before weakening to a tropical storm, then a tropical depression. It dissipated near the USA-Mexico border.
Hurricane Patsy
On September 6, reports from aircraft indicated the existence of a hurricane near the International Date Line. Earlier stages were missed because of a lack of data in the isolated area. Six hours after classification, Patsy reached Category 5 strength, with winds of 160 mph, although it is possible Category 5 status was reached before. A trough moved Patsy northeast. The trough then weakened, and allowed Patsy to curve northwest. The Japan Meteorological Agency's best track at this time Patsy crossed the dateline, at Category 4 strength. A second trough then formed, dominated the first, and recurved Patsy northeast, recrossing the dateline, at Category 3 intensity. The storm then quickly weakened due to unfavorable conditions, while slowly curving northwards. From reports, it is estimated Patsy dissipated on September 10, though other reports credit Patsy with having regenerated as a tropical depression on September 13, north of Hawaii. Patsy's track around the International Date Line was unseen and erratic. Typhoon June's track one year prior was somewhat similar to Patsy's.
Patsy is also an uncommon west to east crosser of the dateline, and one of only a few storms known to have crossed the dateline twice. Including only systems recognized by the Central Pacific Hurricane Center, there have been only six other recorded systems that have crossed the dateline from west to east.
The National Hurricane Center's "best track" data set has Patsy exclusively east of the dateline from detection to dissipation. The Japan Meteorological Agency's "best track" does not give windspeeds, only indicating that Patsy was a typhoon. The Joint Typhoon Warning Center's report disagrees on location but also has Patsy's maximum windspeed east of the dateline; the JMA's data does not indicate windspeeds. Patsy was the first known Pacific hurricane to reach Category 5 intensity on the Saffir–Simpson scale. Also, its maximum reported windspeed of makes it the central Pacific hurricane with the highest sustained winds until Hurricane John tied this record in 1994.
Hurricane Twelve
Twelve stayed to sea and was a category 1 hurricane for its life.
Tropical Storm Wanda
Tropical Storm Wanda existed from September 26 to September 27. The name Wanda was assigned from the North Pacific Typhoon name list.
Tropical Storm Fourteen
Tropical Storm Fourteen existed from October 19 to October 21.
Hurricane Fifteen
The most notable storm this year was the 1959 Mexico Hurricane. It made landfall as a Category 4 on October 27 and killed at least 1800 people.
See also
Pacific hurricane season
List of Pacific hurricanes
1959 Atlantic hurricane season
1959 Pacific typhoon season
1959 North Indian Ocean cyclone season
Australian region cyclone seasons: 1959–60 1960–61
South Pacific cyclone seasons: 1959–60 1960–61
South-West Indian Ocean cyclone seasons: 1959–60 1960–61
References
1959
Articles which contain graphical timelines | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1959%20Pacific%20hurricane%20season |
The starlet sea anemone (Nematostella vectensis) is a species of small sea anemone in the family Edwardsiidae native to the east coast of the United States, with introduced populations along the coast of southeast England and the west coast of the United States (class Anthozoa, phylum Cnidaria, a sister group of Bilateria). Populations have also been located in Nova Scotia, Canada. This sea anemone is found in the shallow brackish water of coastal lagoons and salt marshes where its slender column is usually buried in the mud and its tentacles exposed. Its genome has been sequenced and it is cultivated in the laboratory as a model organism, but the IUCN has listed it as being a "Vulnerable species" in the wild.
Description
The starlet sea anemone has a bulbous basal end and a contracting column that ranges in length from less than . There is a fairly distinct division between the scapus, the main part of the column, and the capitulum, the part just below the crown of tentacles. The outer surface of the column has a loose covering of mucus to which particles of sediment tend to adhere. At the top of the column is an oral disk containing the mouth surrounded by two rings of long slender tentacles. Typically there are fourteen but sometimes as many as twenty tentacles, the outermost being longer than the inner whorl. The starlet sea anemone is translucent and largely colourless but usually has a pattern of white markings on the column and white banding on the tentacles.
Distribution and habitat
The starlet sea anemone occurs on the eastern and westward seaboard of North America. Its range extends from Nova Scotia to Louisiana on the east coast and from Washington to California on the west coast. It is also known from three locations in the United Kingdom—two in East Anglia and one on the Isle of Wight. Its typical habitat is brackish ponds, brackish lagoons and ditches and pools in salt marshes. It is found in positions with little water flow and seldom occurs more than one metre (yard) below the surface. It can tolerate a wide range of salinities, 2 to 52 parts per thousand in southern England, and seems to breed best at around 11 parts per thousand. It is typically buried up to the crown in fine silt or sand, with its tentacles flared out on the surface of the sediment. When not feeding, the tentacles are retracted into the column.
Ecology
The starlet sea anemone sometimes occurs at high densities (as many as 2,700 per square metre has been recorded). Other macrofauna found alongside it in England include the lagoon cockle (Cerastoderma glaucum), the lagoon sandworm Armandia cirrhosa, the isopod Idotea chelipes and the amphipods Monocorophium insidiosum and Gammarus insensibilis. Plants in its habitat include foxtail stonewort, Lamprothamniun papulosum, green algae Chaetomorpha spp., and ditch grass (Ruppia) spp. In North America it is found among the saltmarsh grasses Spartina patens and Spartina alterniflora and the green algae Chaetomorpha spp. and Cladophora.
The starlet sea anemone feeds on ostracods, copepods, small molluscs, chironomid larvae, nematodes, polychaetes, small crustaceans and egg masses. The only known predator of this sea anemone is the grass shrimp Palaemonetes pugio.
Life cycle
On the east coast of the United States, reproduction is mostly by sexual means. The anemones become mature at about three to four months with a column length of or more. Up to two thousand eggs are laid in a gelatinous clump. The spherical planula larvae that hatch about two days later spend around a week in the water column before settling on the sediment and undergoing metamorphosis into juveniles. In southern England all individuals seem to be female and reproduction is by budding. Two-crowned anemones are common in this location and these individuals later undergo fission into separate sea anemones. On the west coast of the United States, all individuals are also female while in Nova Scotia, all are male, and reproduction in both these populations is likely to be by asexual means.
Research
Cnidarians are the simplest animals in which the cells are organized into tissues. Specialist cells include epithelial cells, neurons, muscle fibres and stem cells, and there is a complex extracellular matrix. Nematostella vectensis is used as a model organism for the study of evolution, genomics, reproductive biology, developmental biology and ecology. It is easy to care for in the laboratory, even in inland locations, and a protocol has been developed for the induction of gametogenesis which can yield large numbers of embryos on a daily basis. Its genome has been sequenced. Analysis of expressed sequence tags and the whole genome have shown a remarkable degree of similarity in the gene sequence conservation and complexity between the sea anemone and vertebrates. Recent sequencing of its complex genome has shown that it has an estimated complement of 18,000 protein-coding genes. Its repertoire, structure, and organization is very conserved when compared with that of vertebrates but surprisingly different from that of fruit flies and nematodes, which have lost many genes and introns and have experienced genome rearrangements, indicating the genome of their common ancestor also was a complex genome
Researchers at the Sars International Centre for Marine Molecular Biology have found that genes concerned in the formation of the head in higher animals are also present in Nematostella vectensis. The larva swims with the end with its main sense organ in front, and at metamorphosis this end becomes the lower end of the column. The "head" gene is concerned in the development of this lower end rather than the oral crown and tentacles.
References
Further reading
Uhlinger, K. R. (1997). Sexual reproduction and early development in the estuarine sea anemone, Nematostella vectensis Stephenson, 1935. Thesis. University of California, Davis.
External links
StellaBase
Nematostella. Tree of Life.
JGI's Nematostella Genome Project
Edwardsiidae
Cnidarians of the Atlantic Ocean
Cnidarians of the Pacific Ocean
Marine fauna of Europe
Marine fauna of North America
Western North American coastal fauna
Anthozoa of the United States
Animal models
Animal developmental biology
Animals described in 1935
Vulnerable animals
Vulnerable biota of Europe
Taxa named by Thomas Alan Stephenson | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Starlet%20sea%20anemone |
Elena Ledda (born 17 May 1959 in Selargius) is an Italian singer from Sardinia.
Early life
Born near Cagliari, Ledda pursued conservatory studies in oboe and voice.
Career
Her soprano voice was suitable for opera, which she performed early in her career, but she was attracted by the folk singing of her native Sardinia and eventually recorded primarily in that genre. She worked with Cooperativa Teatro di Sardegna in the late 1970s and has toured and recorded internationally.
She was chosen by Sardinian movie director, Gianfranco Cabiddu, to be the leading voice for his live music/cinematic mix project, Sonos de Memoria, featuring film footage of Sardinia from the 1930s and leading contemporary Sardinian musicians playing over the film. Sonos toured the world with other Sardinian musicians such as Paolo Fresu.
In 2006, Ledda participated in Visioni di Sardegna, written and produced by her longtime collaborator Mauro Palmas, who restored film footage of Sardinia from the Luce Institute, and assembled 18 musicians under the direction of RAI TV director, Rodolfo Roberti. Greek singer Savina Yannatou was invited to feature in the project.
Her collaboration with Savina Yannatou resulted in a series of ten concerts at the Half Note club in Athens at the end of March 2006. This met with critical acclaim and TV interest in Greece, and resulted in a CD (Tutti Baci, Lyra 1095) also featuring Mauro Palmas and Primavera en Salonico.
Ledda's collaborators have included Lester Bowie, Israeli singer Noa, Maria del Mar Bonet (Mallorca), Paolo Fresu, Andreas Vollenweider, Don Cherry, and Nana Vasconcelos. In 2005 Elena collaborated with Neapolitan violinist, Lino Cannavacciuolo (Peppe Barra's violinist and original founder of the Solis String Quartet, now Noa's band of choice) to produce her CD Amargura.
The BBC's Andy Kershaw said of Ledda, "I planned a trip south to make a program about Sardinian music, almost solely on the evidence of a CD I was given of Elena's voice. We went to Sardinia and I was blown away. Elena and her band make traditional music from Sardinia using all the mainstream instruments, with hardly any 'traditional Sardinian' instruments in sight, yet it sounds so traditional and so not-mainstream. They have achieved a truly unique and refreshing sound. Clearly rooted to Sardinian tradition, yet so modern."
A 2007 recording was done with Andrea Parodi, who died before completing the work. Ledda sang at Parodi's funeral.
Discography
Ammentos (1979)
Is Arrosas (1984)
Sonos (1989)
Incanti (1993)
Maremannu (2000)
Amargura (2005)
Lantias (2018)
References
People from the Province of Cagliari
Italian women singers
Music in Sardinia
Living people
1959 births
Sardinian women | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elena%20Ledda |
York Bruno Larese (July 18, 1938 – February 6, 2016) was an American basketball player and coach.
Amateur career
Larese was born in New York City and attended St. Ann's Academy (now Archbishop Molloy High School) in Queens. A 6'4" (1.93 m) guard, he attended the University of North Carolina, leading the Atlantic Coast Conference in foul shooting in 1959–60 with 86.8 percent, which stood as the single-season UNC mark for 25 years. (That season included a 21-for-21 effort against Duke, which is still an ACC record.) Larese was twice selected third-team All-American (in 1958-59 and 1960–61).
Pro career
Larese was one of the few players drafted twice by the NBA (whose rules at the time permitted this). First, he was selected by the St. Louis Hawks (now Atlanta Hawks) in the 1960 NBA draft, but chose to return to Chapel Hill; he was drafted again in 1961, this time by the Chicago Packers (now the Washington Wizards). Larese played eight games for Chicago before being waived on November 29, 1961; the Philadelphia Warriors signed him as a free agent the next day. Larese played 60 games for the Warriors (51 in the regular season and nine in the playoffs), including Wilt Chamberlain's famous 100-point game. (Larese scored nine points in that contest, and would often joke that he and Wilt scored 109 points between them.) After being cut by the Warriors, Larese began a seven-year career in the Eastern League, winning a championship with the Allentown Jets in 1965. He played from 1966 to 1969 with the EBA's Hartford Capitols, taking over as player/coach in 1968.
Coaching career
In 1969, Larese moved up to the big-league basketball coaching ranks, taking the reins of the New York Nets of the ABA. The job was temporary, however; Larese agreed to coach the Nets for only one season, while Lou Carnesecca got out of his contract helming St. John's. After a 39–45 record and a fourth-place finish, Larese took a job with a shoe firm, Converse Rubber Co., on Long Island. In January 1971, Larese returned to Allentown to take over his old team, the Jets. After leading Allentown to the EBA playoffs that spring, however, Larese found that coaching the Jets was taking too much time away from his executive position at the shoe company, and so resigned at the end of the year.
Personal life
York Larese was married to Barbara (Connally) Trockman and father of two sons (Keith and York, Jr.) and two daughters (Kimberly and Karen). He died on February 6, 2016, at the age of 77.
References
External links
BasketballReference.com: York Larese (as player)
BasketballReference.com: York Larese (as coach)
1938 births
2016 deaths
All-American college men's basketball players
Allentown Jets players
American men's basketball coaches
American men's basketball players
Basketball coaches from New York (state)
Basketball players from New York City
Chicago Packers draft picks
Chicago Packers players
Hartford Capitols players
New York Nets head coaches
North Carolina Tar Heels men's basketball players
Philadelphia Warriors players
Point guards
Shooting guards
St. Ann's Academy (Manhattan) alumni
St. Louis Hawks draft picks
Eastern Basketball Association coaches | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/York%20Larese |
Airport Villa was a housing project that was once part of New Castle Air Force Base (now New Castle County Airport), in New Castle County, Delaware. It was built to house military personnel during the Korean War (1950–1953). In 1956, New Castle County purchased it from the U.S. Air Force and reopened it for civilian housing. Rentals of the houses were managed by the Harris-Hanby Real Estate Agency, New Castle, Delaware.
History
There were two parts to Airport Villa, one on either side of Airport Road. The two villas contained 100 houses. Total population during the mid-1960s was about 500 people on the entire project; there were several yellow barracks close to the houses.
Airport Villa was demolished about 1982. The area that was formerly Airport Villa, however, can be located; 290 Airport Rd. is on the western boundary, and Reads Way is on the eastern. Paved asphalt roads are still visible, though the houses are gone. The New Castle County Government office park is now in the area, on Reads Way.
Housing at Airport Villa
The houses at Airport Villa were constructed of cinder blocks and had roofs of tar and gravel. Each home had a carport, patio, substantial sized yard and high windows on the front. The houses were in the style of a duplex, connected at the back, with the fronts of each facing onto different streets.
Inside, the homes were very spacious, each containing two or three bedrooms. The kitchens had a bar-counter that was connected to the dining area. The floors were tiled-over concrete slabs.
Airport Villa's street names were alphabetical, e.g. A, B, C. The East Villa had 24 houses and four streets, A, B, C & D, running east and west, with long connection roads running north and south. The West Villa was much larger, with 76 houses and had street names E, F, G & H.
Students at Airport Villa attended Manor Park Elementary School, George Read Jr. High, and William Penn High School. Later, Carrie Downey was the elementary school. Some of the neighboring projects were Chelsea Estates, Wilmington Manor, Delaware and Penn Acres.
Location
Airport Villa can be reached by leaving Route 13 onto Route 141 North towards Newport, then following 141 North to the 3rd traffic light, then turning left onto Commons Blvd into the New Castle Corporate Commons, before continuing past the next traffic light, and turning right near 290 Airport Road, on the right-hand side.
References
Wilmington Morning News, 4 April 1970
Wilmington News Journal, Wilmington, Delaware, "Airport Villa not an elevating sight"
Houses in New Castle County, Delaware
Ghost towns in Delaware
Demolished buildings and structures in Delaware | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Airport%20Villa%2C%20Delaware |
Gery Scott (5 October 1923 – 14 December 2005) was a jazz and cabaret entertainer and teacher, whose performing career spanned 26 countries and over 60 years. She was noted for her powerful stage persona and engaging delivery, with material ranging from the songbooks of Cole Porter, George Gershwin, Irving Berlin, Harold Arlen, Lorenz Hart, Cy Coleman and all the "standards" as well as Noël Coward and some pop material. Whilst she was well known to British audiences during the later part of the Second World War, she achieved most of her fame outside the UK.
Early life
Born Diana Geraldine Whitburn in Bombay, British India, in 1923 – a child of the 'Raj' – she made her first recording in Calcutta for Indian Columbia in 1942 singing "Stormy Weather" accompanied by Teddy Weatherford and his band.
She then went on to work with various BBC bands in London including Harry Gold and His Pieces of Eight and The Vic Lewis Big Band. Scott also spent the war years with the American Red Cross entertaining the American Armed Forces in Burma and India.
She was married three times: to the late World War II RAF pilot Pat Lofting (later personal pilot to the Raja of Bengal), to musical director and pianist Igo Fischer (now living in Germany) and finally, to oil magnate Tony Diamond, who was murdered in England in 1986.
Fame in the Eastern Bloc
From 1950 to 1957, she toured Europe performing with such artists as Woody Herman, Bud Shank, Chet Baker and Gerry Mulligan. This tour led to a seven-year recording contract with Czech-based Supraphon, during which time she recorded eighty titles, released as either albums or singles, accompanied by orchestras under the direction of Gustav Brom, Karel Vlach and Dalibor Brazda, with some arrangements written by her musical director and pianist, Igo Fischer.
Scott was the first Western jazz singer to tour the then Soviet Union, selling over three million records there in 1961 and was invited to sing "How High the Moon" during her concert at the Kiev Opera House, to coincide with the launch in 1961 of the Sputnik flight that would see cosmonaut Yuri Gagarin as the first human in space. Scott married her musical director, Igo Fischer at the British Embassy in Moscow that same year. Her Russian activities created headlines in Britain and saw her included in the BBC Panorama episode on Moscow.
Parlophone
In 1962, Beatles manager George Martin signed her to Parlophone, with hits including "This is Life", "The Dum de de Dum Song", "Summer Love" and "Stay With Me" (allegedly a plagiarized version of a Georgian song "Tbiliso". Music written by Revaz Lagidze in 1958). Later that year she moved to Hong Kong and opened her own recording company, Orbit Records. That same year, she was appointed entertainment director for the Hilton Hotel Far East Chain and from 1966 to 1970 managed the Cats Eye and The Eye nightclubs in Bangkok and Singapore.
Australia
Scott moved to Australia in 1980 and continued to perform to jazz and cabaret audiences in Canberra, Sydney and Melbourne. She appeared as "Alice" in the Australian television soap opera Prisoner in 1983. She was twice the recipient of the coveted Canberra Critics Circle Award, firstly in 1992 for her production of the CD Together by The Vocal Group and for her outstanding performances in Gery Scott Sings Mostly Coward and Particularly Porter at Queanbeyan's School of Arts Café, and then again in 2005 for services to entertainment and to teaching. 2002 marked her 60th anniversary in show business.
Scott attained a Masters in Music from the Canberra Institute of the Arts in 1998, where she had been head of the Vocal Jazz Department since 1985. She retired from that position at the end of 2002. One of her greatest achievements at the institute was the formation of the Vocal Jazz Ensemble, as well as the training of hundreds of students in singing and performance technique, many of whom are now well established in the Australian and international jazz scene.
Final performances
Her final performances included the 2003 Sydney Cabaret Convention where she received two standing ovations for her performances of the jazz anthem "Something Cool" and Stephen Sondheim's "Send in the Clowns". Dr David Schwartz, writing for Cabaret Hotline Online said in his review, "It is hard to describe her to you without sounding as if I were a little bit insane. Her performance provided me with one of those life-changing and totally defining cabaret experiences that was instantly committed to memory, along with my first exposure to Mabel Mercer, Julie Wilson, Sarah Vaughan, Sylvia Syms and a host of other greats. Gery Scott's set represented that rare moment in cabaret when the singer and her song are indistinguishable. This sort of alchemy comes only after many years; to witness it is to be blessed". She was also special guest in a 2003 Sondheim review, and two fund raising concerts for fellow performers in 2004.
Her last major expose was in the form of a biographical essay in The New Yorker magazine, 18 & 25 August 2003 entitled "The Jazz Singer", by Larissa MacFarquhar.
At the age of 82 and in a wheelchair, Scott gave her very last performance on 9 October 2005 at the Hyatt Hotel Canberra, accompanied by her longtime pianist in Australia, Tony Magee, where her wish to do 'just one more gig' was ably delivered with a sparkling opener of Got A lot Of Livin' to Do, and later in the concert, with pianist Wayne Kelly, a moving version of Body And Soul.
Death
Gery Scott was diagnosed with lung cancer in September 2005. She died at Clare Holland House Hospice, Canberra, Australia, on 14 December 2005.
The music continues
In September 2006, Czech recording label Producentské centrum Františka Rychtaříka released the CD Gery Scott & Gustav Brom, a reissue of selections recorded by Supraphon in Prague in 1957.
In 2011, Supraphon released two Gery Scott albums on iTunes: Gery Scott – Old Devil Moon and Anglicky zpiva Gery Scott (Gery Scott sings in English).
Discography
78 rpm discs
"Stormy Weather" 1942
LP records
Listening to Gery Scott – Hit Parade 1963
Modern Jazz Studio No 1 1964 (as guest)
Modern Jazz Studio No 1/2 1986 (as guest)
EP / 45 rpm
"Sings Cole Porter" 1950s
"Sings..." 1950s
"And Gustav Brom Vol 1" 1950s
"Supraphon Plays" 1958
"And Gustav Brom Vol 2" 1950s
"Your Charleston" 1950s
"Dixie and Charleston" 1950s
"Sings with Karel Vlach Orchestra" 1957
"Sings New Songs with Karel Vlach Orchestra" 1957
"This is Life" / "The Dum de Dum Song" 1961
"Summer Love" / "Stay With Me" 1961
"Sings Hong Kong" / "What Kind of Fool Am I" 1962
"Hit Parade Dance Songs" 1960s
"Listening to Gery Scott II" 1960s
"With Gustav Brom Orchestra" 1960s
"Jeepers Creepers" 1960s
"Ain't Misbehavin'" 1960s
"Come Dance With Me" 1960s
"Sings Charleston" 1960s
"Gery Scott Sings" 1960s
"Sings Songs You like" 1960s
CD's
A Lot of Livin' 1998
Gery Scott & Gustav Brom 2006
iTunes releases
Anglicky zpiva Gery Scott 2011
Gery Scott – Old Devil Moon 2011
External links
Cabaret Hotline Online Review 2003
Czech Obituary
City News Obituary
National Film and Sound Archive Obituary
Middle Eight Music
2006 CD reissue
1923 births
2005 deaths
Deaths from lung cancer
Deaths from cancer in the Australian Capital Territory
20th-century English singers
20th-century English women singers
British people in colonial India
British emigrants to Australia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gery%20Scott |
Eszterháza is a palace in Fertőd, Hungary, built by Prince Nikolaus Esterházy. Sometimes called the "Hungarian Versailles", it is Hungary's grandest Rococo edifice. It served as the home to Joseph Haydn and his orchestra from 1766 to 1790. In 2018, it was used as the shooting location for the Melanie Martinez film K-12.
History
Esterháza was not the primary or ancestral home of the Esterházy family; that was Schloss Esterházy, a palace nearby ( away), in Kismarton (today Eisenstadt, Austria).
Miklós Esterházy began his plans for a new palace not long after he became reigning prince in 1762 on the death of his brother Paul Anton. Before this time, Nikolaus was accustomed to spending much of his time at a hunting lodge called Süttör, built in the same location around 1720 with a design by Anton Erhard Martinelli. The hunting lodge was the nucleus around which Esterháza was built.
The first architect to work on the project was Johann Ferdinand Mödlhammer, succeeded in 1765 by Melchior Hefele. While the palace is often compared to Versailles, which the Prince had visited in 1764 when he visited Paris, H. C. Robbins Landon claims that a more direct influence can be found in "Austrian prototypes, particularly Schönbrunn palace in Vienna." Three of the windows above the main entrance are designed as homage to strings instruments, violin, viola, cello.
The palace cost the Prince the sum of 13 million Austro-Hungarian gulden, a figure that Robbins Landon terms "astronomical".
Eszterháza was first inhabited in 1766, but construction continued for many years. The opera house was completed in 1768 (the first performance was of Joseph Haydn's opera Lo speziale), the marionette theater in 1773. Joseph Haydn's concerts typically took place in the Sala Terrena on the ground floor, in the picture gallery, where on May 30, 1781, a concert was performed in the presence of Duke Albert and Sachsen-Teschen and his spouse, Archduchess Christine. Musical entertainment for the higher ranks was provided in the main building, typically located in the picture gallery ground floor. Regular free-to-attend academies were typically held in the marionette theater, which were open to the public and hosting a whole range of cultural and environmental programmes. The fountain in front of the palace was not completed until 1784, at which point the Prince considered his project complete. The music room was decorated with white and gold walls with delicately rounded corners, the frescoed ceiling, glass chandeliers, roses, and audience's period chairs.
Nikolaus Esterházy died in 1790. Neither his son Anton, who inherited the Esterházy lands, nor any of his later successors had any interest in living in the isolated palace.
Location
The palace was built near the south shore of the Neusiedler See, on swampy land, a health hazard at the time. Robbins Landon notes that "it was a particularly eccentric idea on the part of Prince Nicolaus to choose it as the site for a large castle. Possibly the castle's existence was to prove 'mind over matter'".
Rooms
The palace has 126 rooms. Of particular note is the Banquet Room which has on its ceiling a painting of Apollo in his Chariot. The large library holds almost 22,000 volumes and is graced with the letter 'E', standing for the family surname. The largest room is the grotto-like Sala Terrana which was inspired by the then fashionable Italianate style. On the ceiling are dancing Angels who hold wreaths of flowers in the shape of an 'E'.
Haydn at Eszterháza
From 1766 to 1790, the estate was the home of the celebrated composer Joseph Haydn, where he lived in a four-room flat in a large two-storey building housing servants' quarters, separate from the palace. Haydn wrote the majority of his symphonies for the Prince's orchestra. Eszterháza also had two opera houses, the main theatre seating 400 (destroyed by fire in 1779) and a marionette theatre; Haydn conducted his own and others' operas, often with more than a hundred performances per year.
The palace was geographically isolated, a factor which led to loneliness and tedium among the musicians. This is seen in some of Haydn's letters, as well as in the famous tale of the Farewell Symphony.
Picture gallery
Eszterházy Treasure
See also
Buildings inspired by Versailles
House of Esterházy
List of residences of Joseph Haydn
Schloss Esterházy
References
Further reading
Chissell, J. (June 22, 1971). "A Week of Music at the Eszterháza Palace". The Times (London). Issue 58205. p. 7.
Malina, J. (2016). On the Venues for Decline of the Academies at Eszterháza in Hoyden's Time (2nd ed., Vol. 13). Cambridge University Press.
External links
On Haydn's Trail: Eszterháza Palace, by the Historians of Eighteenth-Century Art & Architecture
Buildings and structures in Győr-Moson-Sopron County
Esterházy family
Historic house museums in Hungary
Hunting lodges in Hungary
Joseph Haydn
Mansions in Hungary
Museums in Győr-Moson-Sopron County
Palaces in Hungary
Tourist attractions in Győr-Moson-Sopron County | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eszterh%C3%A1za |
The Southern Cross-Island Highway (), also known as Provincial Highway No. 20, links Tainan City on the west coast to Taitung City on the east coast, on the southern section of the island of Taiwan. The road is long.
From west to east, the road passes through the townships of Sinhua, Yujing, Jiasian, and then the aboriginal communities of Taoyuan, Meishan, and Lidao.
The highest point of the road, Yakou, is above sea level. The section from Meishan to Yakou Tunnel lies within Yushan National Park. Before crossing the Central Mountain Range, the road follows the Laonong River Valley for a considerable distance.
The road, considered one of South Taiwan's major tourist attractions, is sometimes damaged by landslides, especially during the wet summer months. The route was cut through the mountains in the early 1970s, but the highest sections were not properly surfaced until 1992.
This highway and its surrounding used to have mountain entry control so visitors had to pay a low fee to get Class B mountain entry permits (入山許可證). The mountain entry control is no longer in effect so mountain entry permits are no longer required.
Typhoon damage and reconstruction
The highway was badly damaged by Typhoon Morakot in 2009, with landslides washing away entire sections, and has been closed ever since. Since then there have been continuous reconstruction works. In 2012 heavy rainfall caused further damage. The reopening of the entire length was not expected until end of April 2022, and that deadline was met with long queues after reopening.
Gallery
See also
Highway system in Taiwan
References
Sources
Derek Lee, 2004. A highway less traveled. Taipei Times
Highways in Taiwan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Southern%20Cross-Island%20Highway |
Bombs Away Dream Babies is an album by John Stewart that was released by RSO Records in 1979. The album peaked at No. 10 on the Billboard album chart and yielded three Top 40 singles: "Gold" (No. 5), "Midnight Wind", and "Lost Her in the Sun". This was the bestselling album of Stewart's career.
Lindsey Buckingham and Stevie Nicks, both of Fleetwood Mac, appeared on the album. Nicks sang background vocals. Buckingham sang, played guitar, and co-produced.
Track listing
All compositions by John Stewart.
"Gold" – 4:26
"Lost Her in the Sun" – 3:51
"Runaway Fool of Love" – 2:32
"Somewhere Down the Line" – 2:52
"Midnight Wind" – 4:30
"Over the Hill" – 3:13
"The Spinnin' of the World" – 1:42
"Comin' Out of Nowhere" – 2:03
"Heart of the Dream" – 3:21
"Hand Your Heart to the Wind" – 3:55
Personnel
John Stewart – vocals, guitar, kalimba
Lindsey Buckingham – guitar, vocals
Stevie Nicks – vocals
Joey Harris – guitar, vocals
Joey Carbone – keyboards
Wayne Hunt – keyboards, vocals
Bryan Garofalo – bass guitar, vocals
David Jackson – bass guitar
Chris Whelan – bass guitar, vocals
Buffy Ford Stewart – vocals
Mary Kay Place – vocals
Croxey Adams – vocals
Dave Guard – vocals
Catherine Guard – vocals
Christine DeLisle – vocals
Deborah Tompkins – vocals
Mary Torrey – vocals
Russ Kunkel – drums
Mike Botts – drums
Rick Shlosser – drums
Gary Weisberg – drums
Charts
References
External links
John Stewart's Official Website
1979 albums
John Stewart (musician) albums
RSO Records albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bombs%20Away%20Dream%20Babies |
World Finance Corporation (abbreviated WFC; later renamed simply WFC Corp.) was a financial corporation founded in 1971 and headquartered in Coral Gables Florida. When WFC Corp was headed and controlled by Guillermo Hernandez-Cartaya (a former Cuban banker who was an agent of the CIA, and believed to be an agent of the Mafia, and also of various Colombian drug lords) through the WFC Group shell company, it became known for a major financial scandal in which over $50 million was lost. This scandal was the subject of a 60 Minutes segment on 26 February 1978. Cartaya controlled it through a number of shell companies, the most well known of which was the WFC Group.
Founding
The corporation was founded in 1971 by the Cuban expatriate banker Guillermo Hernandez-Cartaya, after he finished serving a Cuban sentence for his participation in The Bay of Pigs Invasion. The New York Times said:
With the formation of WFC, former associates said, Mr. Hernandez-Cartaya hoped to utilize his wide-ranging contacts in the Latin American political and economic world to tap the growing market between American lenders and Latin American borrowers made possible by the 1969 Edge Act.
WFC Group
The WFC Group was a shell company owned entirely by Guillermo Hernandez-Cartaya; it owned a large proportion of WFC and served to also mask Cartaya's controlling interest in it and other corporations.
Overseas loans and banks
In 1975, WFC was designated an "exclusive official agent by the Colombian Government for a loan of , the largest in the nation's history."
Unibank
Two years before, in 1973, WFC founded Unibank (Union de Bancos SA), a Panamanian bank. It received with unusual swiftness Panama's most liberal banking license, a Class One license. Most of the equity was held by WFC, but a total of 24% (8% each) was held by three American banks—a subsidiary of Mercantile Trust Company of St. Louis, First National Bank of Louisville, and Midatlantic Banks of West Orange, N. S. Stakes were also held initially by two Latin American banks.
Unibank was rather successful—by 1976 it had affiliates worldwide and about in deposit. In 1977, the banking commissioner of Panama seized Unibank; he had little choice since Unibank was a debtor to the National Bank of Panama, and already had been lost. Unibank would not be the only bank begun by WFC principals to collapse with great financial loss.
Pan American Bank
In 1976, the Comptroller of the Currency forced Cartaya out of his control of the Pan American Bank of Hiateah in Florida – had gone missing due to bad overdrafts and uncollected funds. This incident was the reason for the Comptroller's later involvement in the investigation that broke open the WFA scandal.
Also in 1976, US Customs agents intercepted a private plane inbound from Panama. Aboard was thousands of dollars in cash, strapped to a woman associated with WFC's Vice President. On the plane were also that Vice President, Cartaya, and Cartaya's wife.
Ajman Arab Bank
Another bank had been started in the United Arab Emirates's Sheikdom of Ajman, with the collaboration of the Ajman government. It was called the Ajman Arab Bank. It was plagued by the same problems as Unibank, and was shut down May 1977. Cartaya went to the UAE, apparently to try to explain the missing money, and the authorities confiscated his passport. Cartaya nonetheless escaped the UAE, using documents brought him by a fellow Cuban.
Investigation and scandal
WFC came to national attention when an investigation in 1976 by the District Attorney of Dade County, Florida, (along with four other governmental agencies; besides the Dade County Public Safety Office, the FBI, the IRS, the DEA, and the Comptroller of the Currency all participated in the joint investigation) revealed that the WFC held the dubious distinction of being the longest running (and largest) launderer of money for Colombian cocaine smugglers; the investigation proceeded for approximately two years. Somewhat ironically, the law enforcement personnel literally stumbled onto lead, when, during an investigation of a pest-control service called King Spray Service suspected of drug smuggling, two agents of the Dade County Public Safety Office (which, under Donald Skelton, led the investigation until the Justice Department took over) were searching through the company's garbage, in which they found financial records of WFC, recording very large transfers of funds between the bank and the company, along with small amounts of marijuana. The investigation ruined WFC Corp, and it closed in 1980. Simultaneously, overdrafts at the National Bank of South Florida (controlled by WFC after a large payment of cash for equity) prompted an investigation by bank examiners.
Cartaya used the bank as the centerpiece of an elaborate corporate labyrinth, through which the funds and bad loans (to Cartaya and his associates) were filtered and "laundered". An example of the labyrinth: WFC Corp. was 100% owned by the WFC Group, which itself was owned by Cartaya to the amount of 24.7%; another 23.3% was held by "Neo-Floridian Development Company"- of NFDC, 54.4% was held by Cartaya, again.
A considerable proportion of the money was funneled through a bank in the Bahamas called the Cisalpine Bank*, and from thence to the Vatican Bank to Swiss numbered accounts; this bank was owned by Vatican Bank manager Archbishop Paul Marcinkus and notorious dirty Italian banker Roberto Calvi. The Cisalpine Bank* seems to have also been laundering heroin profits through the Nugan Hand Bank for the Grey Wolves.
The bank was involved with a number of prominent Floridians, such as Walter Sterling Surrey, a stockholder in, director of, and lawyer for, WFC Corp. Kwitny recounts,
Surrey says he came aboard mainly to help start a foreign-based mutual fund for an old client, a Cuban exile who helped found World Finance. He says he dropped out in 1976 when the mutual fund deal fell through, and that he was unaware of any criminal or intelligence activities of the company.
The investigation and its aftermath were marred and dogged by persistent rumors and allegations of corruption and cover ups by various governmental agencies. Jonathan Kwitny writes this of the Justice Department's head investigator, Jerome Sanford:
He says the main investigation was halted by Washington in 1978, after the CIA objected that 12 of the Justice Department's chief targets were "of interest" to it. Sanford says he was told that this meant the men he was investigating were CIA operatives of one sort or another. Florida lawmen who worked with Sanford backed up his story.
Two of the suspects were Richard Fincher and Hernandez-Cartaya. In the aftermath, Florida Attorney General Robert Shevin returned $7,600 in contributions from WFC-connected Latin businessmen. Dade County Democratic chairman Michael Abrams resigned from the board of a WFC-backed insurance company.
Kwitny and Sanford were not the only ones to detect things amiss; Kwitny offers this extract from a House Select Committee on Narcotics and Drug Abuse staff report:
There is no question that the parameters of the WFC can encompass a large body of criminal activity, including aspects of political corruption, gun running, as well as narcotics trafficking on an international level ... It is against this background that our investigation encountered a number of veiled or direct references to CIA or KGB complicity or involvement in narcotics trafficking in South Florida.
There were also allegations that 8 of the 12 bank directors were either current or former CIA employees, and that then-CIA director William J. Casey (coincidentally, a Roman Catholic) apparently stymied the investigation for reasons of "national security". And so the two-year investigation ended in the conviction of Cartaya in 1982 for nothing more than tax evasion.
References
Further reading
"People", 12 March 1978, section F7, The New York Times
Everything Is Under Control pp. 113, 200, 250, 257, 293, 427; by Robert Anton Wilson with Miriam Joan Hill, William Morrow Paperbacks; 1st edition (June 23, 1998)
Mark Lombardi: Global Networks. Mark Lombardi, Robert Carleton Hobbs, Judith Richards; Independent Curators, 2003 (published for the travelling exhibition of his work, "Mark Lombardi Global Networks").
Banks based in Florida
Banks established in 1971
American companies established in 1971
1971 establishments in Florida | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World%20Finance%20Corporation |
Vice President of Palau is the second-highest position in the executive branch of the government of Palau, after the president.
The vice president is elected in popular elections separate from presidential elections. When the president has been sworn in, the vice president will serve as a member of the cabinet and may have other responsibilities assigned by the president. The salary of the vice president has been US$65,000 annually since 2010
List of vice presidents
See also
President of Palau
List of current vice presidents
References
Palau
Government of Palau
Palau, Vice-Presidents of
Vice President
1980 establishments in Palau | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vice%20President%20of%20Palau |
Paint Creek is a direct tributary of the Upper Mississippi River, rising in central Allamakee County, Iowa, in and about the city of Waukon. The catchment measures approximately . It has some still-rural stretches past 9th Street Southwest in Waukon, but most of the actual Waukon portions have been culverted. It joins the Mississippi approximately above Marquette, Iowa in (Lock and Dam) Pool 10, near river mile 641.
The upper reaches have surface water only after a rainstorm, but as one goes east to the Mississippi, cutting down deeply into the gorge of the Mississippi, a serious cold water ever-flowing stream is encountered, fed by springs. Even in the worst drought years, Paint Creek always has water. By the time the creek reaches Waterville, it flows through a canyon between almost-vertical cliffs some 150 feet high. By the time the creek reaches the Mississippi River, it has cut a full 350 feet into the rock.
The watershed is divided into Big Paint Creek and Little Paint Creek. Once outside of Waukon, the creek travels through entirely rural country. Less than optimal farming practices have created erosion problems, leading to excess sediment being transported downstream into the River, and the Army Corps of Engineers is developing plans to combat this.
It takes its name from Paint Rock Bluff, near Waukon Junction, Iowa. Once an important navigational landmark for Mississippi River traffic, it was named for the Indian paintings and petroglyphs on it.
Notwithstanding its name, much of the Yellow River State Forest lies within the Paint Creek watershed where the state maintains backpacking and equestrian trails, campgrounds and other such recreational amenities. The region is quite scenic, with rugged limestone cliffs and lush woodlands.
Locally, it is also a place name, mainly of Lutheran Churches (the East Paint and West Paint churches). There is also a private Christian campground in the area.
See also
List of rivers of Iowa
Paint Creek Township, Allamakee County, Iowa
References
Sources
Army Corps of Engineers site
Iowa Department of Natural Resources
EPA
Commercial horse stable
Iowa Audubon Society
Brochure, Iowa DNR (*.pdf)
Tributaries of the Mississippi River
Rivers of Allamakee County, Iowa
Rivers of Iowa | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paint%20Creek%20%28Iowa%29 |
Kara Janx (born 17 September 1975) is a South African fashion designer best known for her participation as a contestant on the second season of Bravo's Project Runway, which aired from December 2005 to March 2006.
Early life
Born Kara Jankelowitz, in Johannesburg to an Ashkenazi Jewish family.
Career
Janx moved to New York City after obtaining a degree in architecture. She then became a fashion designer and launched her first collection in 2002. In 2009 Janx won the title of International Sportswear Designer of the Year, and then in 2011 she launched a successful bridal-wear line. On 14 January 2007, Janx married Sharone Sohayegh (sometimes referred to as Red) in South Africa. Sharone is involved in real estate. Kara gave birth to her first child, a 6 lb. 14 oz daughter named Dylan on 12 November 2007. She gave birth to her second child, a boy named Calum, in 2009.
Project Runway
On Project Runway, Janx lasted eleven episodes before being eliminated. She was, however, in the bottom two in the eighth episode, the Inspiration challenge, and in the bottom three during the seventh episode, the On Thin Ice challenge. She was one of the last four contestants remaining and just missed a spot in the final three at New York City's Olympus Fashion Week. Janx did get to show her collection at Fashion Week as a decoy so that viewers would not know who was actually in the final three until her last episode aired later that week.
Janx appeared on the first season of Project Runway All-Stars. She was eliminated in the seventh episode.
After Project Runway
Since Project Runway, Janx has designed for her own eponymous label. She worked as design director at Elie Tahari, and in 2015 debuted a new line, Tenby.
As a designer, Janx is especially well known for her kimono wrap dresses, one of which she wore on her original season of Project Runway.
References
External links
Kara Janx - official website
Kara Janx's Blog on Bravo
Kara Janx collection at Fashion Week
South African fashion designers
South African women fashion designers
Jewish fashion designers
Living people
South African Jews
Project Runway (American series) participants
1975 births | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kara%20Janx |
The babandil is a single, narrow-rimmed Philippine gong
used primarily as the “timekeeper” of the Maguindanao kulintang ensemble.
Description
The babendil usually has a diameter of roughly one foot making it larger than the largest kulintang gong and comparable to the diameter of the agung or gandingan. However, unlike the gandingan or the agong, the babendil has a sunken boss which makes the boss relatively non-functional. Because of their sunken boss, babendils are instead struck either at the flange or the rim, using either bamboo betays or a strip of rattan, producing a sharp, distinctive metallic clang and are sometimes considered “false gongs.” In fact, this distinction makes the babendil classified as a bell in the Hornbostel-Sachs classification (if it were struck at the boss, it would be considered a gong.)
Babandils are normally made out of bronze but due to the scarcity of this metal in Mindanao, most gongs, including the babendil are made out of more common metal such as brass, iron and even tin-can.
Technique
The babendil could be played while standing or when seated with the babendil hung half a foot from the floor. Proper technique requires the player to hold the babendil vertically, angled away from the body, with the gong held at the rim between their thumb and four fingers. With their thumb parallel to the rim of the gong, the players strikes the rim of the gong using their betay to play fundamental patterns that are similar to the drum pattern on the dabakan or the beat of the lower-pitched agung.
Uses
The babendil traditionally could be played by either genders. In wooden kulintang ensembles, the kagul is usually substituted for the babendil part. Among the Tausug, the Samal and the Yakan, their babendil-type instrument generally has gone into disuse (Instead, tempo is kept in check using the highest gong on the kulintangan . Solembat is term used by the Samal for the ostinato beat while the Yakan call that same beat, nulanting.) while among the Tagbanwa, the babandil is used not only to keep the rhythm of pieces but also as a song accompaniment as well.
Origins
The origins of the word "babendil" could either be traced from the Middle East or the Indian Subcontinent. Scholars suggest the name babendil is derived from the Arabic word, bandair, meaning, “circular-type, pan-Arabic, tambourine or frame drum." Others suggests that since the babendil is closely related to the Javanese bebende or bende (a gong with similar characteristics and uses in the colotomic gamelan ensemble), it perhaps has relations with an ancient Indian kettle drum, behri, where ancient Sanskrit indicated the bende was the bronze equivalent of the behri.
Other derivative names
Also called: babendir, (Maguindanao) babndir (Maranao), bandil, babandil, babindil, bapindil, (Other Southern Philippine Groups), babandir (Tagbanwa, Batak, Palaw’an), banendir, tungtung, (Tausug), salimbal (Samal) and the mapindil (Yakan).
References
Philippine musical instruments
Gongs
Bells (percussion)
Culture of Maguindanao del Norte
Culture of Maguindanao del Sur
Asian percussion instruments
Philippine folk instruments | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Babendil |
Garry St. Jean (born February 10, 1950) is an American former professional basketball coach and executive.
St. Jean was head coach of the Sacramento Kings from 1992 through 1997. He later became the general manager of the Golden State Warriors, and in 1999–2000 he doubled as a head coach after P. J. Carlesimo was fired. St. Jean was a pro scout for the New Jersey Nets in the 2010–11 season. He has been an in-studio analyst for Golden State Warriors coverage on NBC Sports Bay Area since the start of the 2011-2012 season.
His son Greg St. Jean was hired as a player development coach with the Los Angeles Lakers for the 2019-20 season.
References
External links
BasketballReference.com: Garry St. Jean
HoopsHype.com General Managers: Garry St. Jean
1950 births
Living people
American men's basketball coaches
Basketball coaches from Massachusetts
Golden State Warriors assistant coaches
Golden State Warriors executives
Golden State Warriors head coaches
High school basketball coaches in the United States
Milwaukee Bucks assistant coaches
New Jersey Nets assistant coaches
People from Chicopee, Massachusetts
Sacramento Kings head coaches
Springfield College alumni
Chicopee High School alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Garry%20St.%20Jean |
The 2006 24 Hours of Le Mans was the 74th Grand Prix of Endurance, and took place over 17–18 June 2006. The winners of the race were Frank Biela, Marco Werner, and Emanuele Pirro, driving the Audi R10 TDI. For the first time in the history of the race, the winner was a diesel-powered car.
Pre-race
Prior to this race the ACO redeveloped the area around the Dunlop Curve and Dunlop Chicane, moving the Dunlop Curve in tighter to create more run-off area, while also turning the Dunlop Chicane into a larger set of turns. As part of the development, a new extended pit lane exit was created for motorcycles running the Bugatti Circuit. This second pit exit re-enters the track just beyond the Dunlop Chicane and before the Dunlop Bridge.
Before the official test days, the FIA requested that the sportscars should also use this new pit lane, and mandated a 60 km/h speed limit for the entire 450m length, instead of using the normal pit exit in the Dunlop Curve as planned. This was originally used for the Le Mans test days, but due to complaints from the teams, the ACO decided to return to the old pit lane exit for the race.
Qualifying
In the LMP1 category, during Wednesday's wet-weather qualifying Pescarolo C60 took the top two spots. Then, a day later, during dry weather conditions the new Audi R10 TDIs overtook the Pescarolos to claim the top two positions.
In LMP2, the Ray Mallock Ltd. Lola ran two seconds quicker than the new Intersport Lola.
In LMGT1, the Aston Martin factory squad swept the front row, with the #64 Corvette right behind them.
In GT2, the French IMSA Performance Matmut Porsche took the quickest time; however, Luca Riccitelli took the car off at Nord du Karting at the end of the session, injuring his ankle and badly damaging the chassis of the car. In a unique move, the ACO went against its own rules and granted permission for the team to replace the chassis with a brand new car. The car was still forced to start at the back of the grid. The Scuderia Ecosse Ferrari 430 thus started at the front for the GT2 class.
Qualifying times
Class leaders and the fastest lap time on each day are in bold.
Race
This race marked the first Le Mans win for a diesel engined sports car, the Audi R10 TDI, and the second time that a diesel-powered sports car won a major international motorsports event, following the Audi R10 TDI's win at the 2006 12 Hours of Sebring. BMW was however the first brand to successfully enter a diesel-powered racing car in an international event when they won the Nürburgring 24 Hours, already back in 1998, with their 320d.
This race also marked the first time since the 1991 24 Hours of Le Mans that Porsche (or a Porsche-powered prototype) did not win at least one class. A Panoz Esperante was successful in upsetting the contingent of Porsches in the GT2 class.
Corvette Racing's 355 lap pace in their GT1 class win became the record for a homologated GT vehicle.
Race results
Class winners are marked in bold. Cars not completing 70% of the winner's distance are listed as Not Classified (NC).
Statistics
Fastest Lap - #7 Audi Sport Team Joest - 3:31.211
Distance - 5187.0 km
Average Speed - 215.409 km/h
Highest trap speed - #14 Racing for Holland - 331 km/h (warm-up), #9 Creation Autosportif - 332 km/h (qualifying)
References
Le Mans
24 Hours of Le Mans races
24 Hours of Le Mans
Le Mans, 24 Hours of | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006%2024%20Hours%20of%20Le%20Mans |
The dabakan is a single-headed Philippine drum, primarily used as a supportive instrument in the kulintang ensemble. Among the five main kulintang instruments, it is the only non-gong element of the Maguindanao ensemble.
Description
The dabakan is frequently described as either hour-glass, conical, tubular, or goblet in shape Normally, the dabakan is found having a length of more than two feet and a diameter of more than a foot about the widest part of the shell. The shell is carved from wood either out of the trunk of a coconut tree or the wood of a jackfruit tree which is then hollowed out throughout its body and stem. The drumhead that is stretched over the shell is made out of either goatskin, carabao skin, deer rawhide, or snake/lizard skin, with the last considered by many dabakan practitioners as the best material to use. The drumhead is then fastened to the shell first via small metal wire and then using two hoops of rattan very tightly to allow the rattan sticks to bounce cleanly. Artists, especially the Maranao, would then carve the outside of the shell with elaborate and decorative okkil patterns.
Technique
The dabakan is normally played while standing with the player holding two sticks made either out of rattan or bamboo but the player could be sitting or kneeling instead. The rattan strips are held parallel to the surface of the drumhead and are then pivoted between the thumb and forefinger using the wrist to activate them to strike the drumhead's surface along the entire length of its diameter. The sounds produced are normally quick and muted and thanks to the flexibility of the strips, one could employ dampening, roll, or open stroke patterns upon its surface.
Thanks to the exposure of many artists to western culture, new styles of playing have emerged among the newer generation of players. These include playing rhythmic patterns for the dabakan not on the surface of the drumhead but on the sides of the shell and even at the edges of the drum's mouth. These exhibition-style pieces are used to shift focus away from the melody instrument, the kulintang, and onto the other supportive instruments such as the dabakan.
Uses
The main use for the dabakan in Maguindanao and Maranao society is as a supportive instrument in the kulintang ensemble, keeping the tempo of the ensemble in check like the babendil. On most rhythmic modes, such as sinulog and duyog, the dabakan enters after babandil but in tidto, where the babendil is absent, the dabakan always starts the piece. The Maguindanao and the Maranao usually position the dabakan to the right of the kulintang player, near the end of its frame, during a traditional performance.
The dabakan could be used in other types of playing other than the ensemble. The dabakan could be used as the accompaniment for the kutiyapi, a type of Philippine boat-lute. The dabakan plays a major role in a type of playing known as Kasorondayong. In the Maranao version, which is in recognition of their prince hero, Prince Bantogen, two dbakan players face one another, standing behind their dabakans, striking them with two slender bamboo sticks while playing an interlocking rhythm.
Traditionally, the dabakan is considered a masculine instrument by the Maranao and a feminine instrument by the Maguindanao but as a sign of the times, one could see both men and women handling the dabakan. In wooden kulintang ensembles, the takemba, a bamboo zither of the Manobo, is usually substituted for the dabakan part.
During older times, the bigger, longer double-headed dabakan, known as a dadabooan, would be hung horizontally in the mosque (See Kendang, for smaller version of this drum). An imam (spiritual leader) would hit the drum repeatedly announcing the beginning of prayer time throughout the outlying areas. As a sign of the times, the dabakan in Mindanao have now been replaced by more modern equipment such as a speakerphone but the practice still continues in places like Sulawesi, where a mesigit, equivalent to the dabakan, would be used for the same purpose.
Origin
The origin of the name "dabakan," is said to have been borrowed and adapted from the Middle East. Dabakan is derived from the word, dbak meaning to "hit, strike, or beat," meaning that the dabakan is something upon which you hit. Scholars also suggest that another clue is that the dabakan may have been an adaptation and enlargement of a pan-Arabic goblet drum, the dombak/tombak.
Other Derivative Names
Also called a dbakan, debakan (Maguindanao), dadabuan, dadaboon (Maranao), libbit (Tausug), tibubu (Poso) and a tiwal (Kulawi and Minahasa).
References
Drums
Goblet-shaped drums
Philippine musical instruments
Culture of Maguindanao del Norte
Culture of Maguindanao del Sur
Moro people
Philippine folk instruments | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dabakan |
CAAMFest, known prior to 2013 as the San Francisco International Asian American Film Festival (SFIAAFF), is presented every March in the San Francisco Bay Area in the United States as the nation's largest showcase for new Asian American and Asian films. It annually presents approximately 130 works in San Francisco, Berkeley and San Jose. The festival is organized by the Center for Asian American Media.
History
CAAMFest traces its roots to Asian CineVision's New York Asian American Film Festival, begun in 1978. From 1981 to 1984, ACV spun off a traveling version of their festival that toured the U.S. CAAM partnered with ACV to showcase their traveling festival in San Francisco, adding in other films by local filmmakers to help round out the program.
The San Francisco International Asian American Film Festival (SFIAAFF) was founded in 1982 as a joint production between Asian CineVision and the Center for Asian American Media (CAAM). There was no festival in 1985; beginning in 1986 the festival was organized by CAAM. Although the festival originally began with exclusively Asian American work, over the course of the 1990s, they expanded to include works from Asian filmmakers, reflecting an attention to the increasingly transnational forms of media moving between Asia and America.
With the expansion of the festival, CAAM announced in January 2013 the name change of the SFIAAFF to CAAMFest. The new Festival will showcase film as well as other avenues of artistic expression and community engagement, such as music, food, and interactive workshops.
Locations
While the majority of the films at the festival screen at the Sundance Kabuki in Japantown and the Castro Theatre in San Francisco, many films are also screened at the Pacific Film Archive in Berkeley and at the Camera 3 Downtown Cinemas in San Jose.
Awards and premieres
The SFIAAFF inaugurated in 2005 a juried competition in two categories as well as audience awards. In 2010 Emmy-nominated documentary Wo Ai Ni (I Love You) Mommy made its world premiere at the SFIAAFF and went on to win Best Documentary at the festival.
The documentary film Linsanity premiered at CAAMFest on March 14, 2013, and won several audience awards. The Vietnamese comedy film How to Fight in Six Inch Heels had its U.S. premiere at CAAMFest on March 13, 2014.
References
Heymont, George. "A Touch of Aloha, A Pinch of Japan". Huffington Post, 2014 (ambiguous date format)
External links
SanFranciscoChinatown.com Picks for SFIAAFF
Asian-American culture in San Francisco
Film festivals in the San Francisco Bay Area
Asian-American film festivals
Film festivals established in 1982
1982 establishments in California | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CAAMFest |
Tanya Victoria Harding (born 23 January 1972 in Brisbane, Queensland) is an Australian softball player, who has competed for Australia at four consecutive Summer Olympics, starting in 1996. Three times she claimed a bronze medal (1996, 2000, 2008), and once a silver medal (2004).
Playing career
The Queenslander was ranked in the top five pitchers in the world for over a decade.
In 1995, Harding enrolled at UCLA for one quarter. She played on the squad that won the NCAA women's softball championships, and was named MVP of the tournament. After UCLA captured the NCAA National Championship, Harding
returned to her homeland without taking final exams or earning a single college credit.
However, in 1997 UCLA was stripped of its 1995 title for scholarship violations. Three softball players had been granted soccer scholarships, putting the Bruins three over the limit for softball. Although the three players involved were not identified, it was believed that one of them was Harding. Runner-up Arizona was not declared the champion, as there was no way to determine if Arizona would have won had Harding not been involved. Officially, there is no champion for 1995.
In 2022, she was inducted into Sport Australia Hall of Fame.
Notes
External links
Official website
sports-reference
NCAA Official History Division 1 Softball Champions
1972 births
Living people
Australian softball players
Medalists at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Medalists at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Olympic medalists in softball
Olympic softball players for Australia
Olympic silver medalists for Australia
Olympic bronze medalists for Australia
Softball players at the 1996 Summer Olympics
Softball players at the 2000 Summer Olympics
Softball players at the 2004 Summer Olympics
Softball players at the 2008 Summer Olympics
Sportspeople from Brisbane
Sportswomen from Queensland
UCLA Bruins softball players
Women's College World Series Most Outstanding Player Award winners
Sport Australia Hall of Fame inductees | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tanya%20Harding |
The Moray Bridge, also known as the Moray Channel Bridge, and formerly the Middle Arm Bridge, is a crossing over the middle arm of the Fraser River in Metro Vancouver. Richard Moody, who would name geographical features, such as this channel, after acquaintances, honoured Jonathan Moray (1824–84), a sergeant in the Corps of Royal Engineers, and later the New Westminster police chief.
History
Structure
Opened in July 1957, the same date as the Oak Street Bridge, these links replaced the
Marpole Bridge (road). The new configuration created a more circuitous route between Vancouver and Vancouver International Airport (YVR), not restored until the Arthur Laing Bridge opened in 1975.
The concrete and steel second bridge across the Moray Channel cost about $1m, of which the federal government contributed $400,000. The Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure for BC owns and maintains this low-level two-lane bridge. The centre swing span is 53 metres, and the approaches are 170 metres on Lulu Island, and 124 metres on Sea Island.
Within a few years of construction, scouring required repairing and surrounding the protection piers with rock. The expansion joints were repaired in 1962–63. Attached to the western approach, the tender house was replaced the following year. This small building houses the human operator of the swing-span controls. In 1980–81, major pier protection was undertaken.
Roadways
Prior to the 1969 opening of the Dinsmore Bridge, the Moray Bridge was the only crossing in existence.
Consequently, when the span malfunctioned, as it did twice in 1961, traffic could be trapped for several hours. The non-arrival of passengers and crew delayed some airport flights. Mechanical and electrical issues continue to plague the span.
The single lane each way, 1957–2001, was subject to traffic congestion from vehicle accidents, swing span openings for boats, or rush hour volumes. Linking Sea Island Way on Lulu Island and Miller Rd on Sea Island, the roadway intersected Airport Rd.
On construction in the late 1970s, Russ Baker Way became the new intersection, making Airport Rd. (south) a cul-de-sac. Prior to 2001, Airport Rd. (north) leading to Grauer Rd., and Cessna Dr., branched at the foot of the bridge. Following the 2001 opening of the Sea Island Connector, the Moray Bridge has carried only eastbound traffic from YVR. The only unrestricted vehicle access is from Grant McConachie Way.
See also
List of crossings of the Fraser River
List of BC bridges
Footnotes
References
Swing bridges in Canada
Bridges in Greater Vancouver
Buildings and structures in Richmond, British Columbia
Bridges over the Fraser River
Road bridges in British Columbia
Transport in Richmond, British Columbia
Bridges completed in 1957
1957 establishments in British Columbia
Sea Island (British Columbia) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Moray%20Bridge |
Louis Lallemant (Châlons-en-Champagne 1578 – 5 April 1635 in Bourges) was a French Jesuit.
After making his studies under the Fathers of the Society of Jesus, Lallemant entered that order in 1605 in Nancy. Having completed the usual course of study at the University of Pont-à-Mousson, he taught at the Jesuit colleges in La Flèche, Bourges and Rouen. He was ordained and taught philosophy for some time until in 1622 he was made master of novices, an office he filled for four years. He then became professor of theology at Clermont College in Paris. In 1628 he was appointed director of tertians, and as such, was responsible for the final year of formation for close to sixty Jesuits between 1628 and 1631. After three years in this post he broke down in health, and was sent to the college of Bourges, in the hope that change of occupation would restore him. The hope was not to be fulfilled; he died after a few months.
Lallemant has been called the Balthazar Alvarez of France; his ideals and efforts to meet them were as uncompromising as the latter's. Like Alvarez, Lallemant expected of others what he did himself. He set the high ideal before his disciples, especially the Fathers of the third probation (Third Year), and required them to rise to such ideals. Lallemant was critical of those Jesuits so busy with work and study that they found no time for prayer. In reaction to what he perceived as overly secular aspirations on the part of some of his colleagues, Lallemant tended to emphasize the contemplative life over the active apostolate.
He is known today chiefly by his “Doctrine Spirituelle”, a collection of his maxims and instructions gathered together by Father Jean Rigoleuc, one of his disciples, and detailing very thoroughly his spiritual method.
References
Sources
CHAMPION, Pierre - La Doctrine Spirituelle du P. Louis Lallemant (Paris, 1694), ?preceded by a life of Lallemant?
LALLEMANT, Louis. The Spiritual Doctrine of Father Louis Lallemant of the Company of Jesus: Preceded by Some Account of His Life. Edited by Frederick William Faber. Spiritual Doctrine Of Fr Louis Lallemant. Portman Square, London, Britain: Burns & Lambert, 17th Portman Street, 1855. https://archive.org/details/SpiritualDoctrineOfFrLouisLallemant/page/n7/mode/2up.
GUILHERMY, Menologie de l’Assistance de France, 5 April ????
PATRIGNANI, Menologio della Compagnia di Gesu.
HENRY WOODS Transcribed by Joseph E. O’Connor
WORCESTER, SJ, Thomas, ed. The Cambridge Encyclopedia of the Jesuits. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2017. doi:10.1017/9781139032780.
17th-century French Jesuits
17th-century French Catholic theologians
17th-century Christian mystics
Roman Catholic mystics
French educators
1578 births
1635 deaths | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Louis%20Lallemant |
Jerry Owen Reynolds (born January 29, 1944) is an American former professional basketball coach and current executive in the NBA.
He coached the Sacramento Kings for two different stretches; once in 1987 and from 1988 through 1989. He also served as the team's general manager. Jerry Reynolds served as general manager of the Sacramento Monarchs WNBA team, a post from which he retired in 2003.
Reynolds is from French Lick, Indiana, the same town as NBA legend Larry Bird.
In 2005, Jerry Reynolds wrote a book about his 20 years of experiences with the Kings called Reynolds Remembers Tales from the Sacramento Kings.
As of the 2016–17 NBA season, Reynolds is a broadcaster for the Kings, alongside Grant Napear, and its director of player personnel.
Prior to his NBA tenure, Reynolds enjoyed a successful coaching career in the college ranks; he was part of the staff at Vincennes University when the Trailblazers won the 1970 NJCAA National title. Later, he was on Roger Kaiser's staff at West Georgia College when the Braves won the 1974 NAIA Division I men's basketball tournament.
He began his coaching career as the Freshmen Head Coach during the 1965–66 season, while completing his undergraduate degree. He then returned to Vincennes as an assistant, before joining Roger Kaiser's staff at West Georgia. In 1975, he was named the head coach of the Rockhurst University Hawks; he joined the Kansas City Kings franchise in 1984.
Reynolds is a graduate of Vincennes University and Oakland City University; he was awarded an Honorary Doctorate in 1990 from Vincennes. He lives in Roseville, California with his wife Dodie; they married in 1968.
He was inducted in the University of West Georgia Hall of Fame in 1991. He was selected for induction into the Indiana Basketball Hall of Fame in December, 2019. The ceremony was held in 2020.
Head coaching record
|-
| align="left" |Sacramento
| align="left" |
|36||15||21||.417|| align="center" |5th in Midwest||—||—||—||—
| align="center" |Missed Playoffs
|-
| align="left" |Sacramento
| align="left" |
|24||7||17||.292|| align="center" |6th in Midwest||—||—||—||—
| align="center" |Missed Playoffs
|-
| align="left" |Sacramento
| align="left" |
|82||27||55||.329|| align="center" |6th in Pacific||—||—||—||—
| align="center" |Missed Playoffs
|-
| align="left" |Sacramento
| align="left" |
|28||7||21||.250|| align="center" |7th in Pacific||—||—||—||—
| align="center" |Missed Playoffs
|-
|-class="sortbottom"
| align="left" |Career
| ||170||56||114||.329|| ||0||0||0||.0
References
External links
BasketballReference.com: Jerry Reynolds
1944 births
Living people
Basketball coaches from Indiana
Basketball players from Indiana
College men's basketball head coaches in the United States
Oakland City University alumni
People from French Lick, Indiana
Pittsburg State Gorillas men's basketball coaches
Rockhurst Hawks men's basketball coaches
Sacramento Kings assistant coaches
Sacramento Kings announcers
Sacramento Kings executives
Sacramento Kings head coaches
Vincennes Trailblazers men's basketball coaches
Vincennes Trailblazers men's basketball players
West Georgia Wolves men's basketball coaches
American men's basketball players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry%20Reynolds%20%28basketball%2C%20born%201944%29 |
The Kelly Affair may refer to:
The affair relating to weapons of mass destruction in Iraq and the death of UK government inspector David Kelly.
The Carrie Nations, a fictional all-female band from the 1970 film Beyond the Valley of the Dolls, who were originally known under the name The Kelly Affair
a single from the 2008 Be Your Own Pet album Get Awkward | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Kelly%20affair |
The Old German Owl () is a breed of fancy pigeon, and the originator of the short faced German Shield Owls. It was the first breed in Germany to be called Mövchen ("Little Gull") due to its resemblance to the silver gull in color and markings. The breed was again formally recognized in Germany in 1956, but the first official standard was not adopted in Europe until 1960. The standard was adopted by the National Pigeon Association of America in 1999.
Standard
Origin:
General characteristics:
Element characteristics:
Head: Nearly round, broad, with a well arched forehead and a small full shell crest, closing with rosettes.
Eyes: Large, bright and lively bull eyes. Cere is light and delicate.
Beak: Medium length, broad, light flesh color, making an obtuse angle with the forehead. The wattle is small and undeveloped.
Neck: Short, stocky, held proudly, slanting slightly backwards and upright. The throat has a slight dewlap and a well-developed frill.
Breast: Broad, well rounded and held forward prominently.
Back: Broad in the shoulders, becoming narrower toward the tail, and sloping downward.
Wings: Strong, lying close to the body, covering the back, and resting on the tail.
Tail: Held tightly together, as short as possible.
Legs: Short, shanks are scarcely visible. The feet and toes are never feathered.
Feathers: Well developed, lying tightly against the body.
Current available colors and patterns: Blue, ash red, recessive red, brown, spread, checks, and bars in black, red, brown and white and dilutes of these base colors.. Self white and red.
Colors and markings: All colors are to be as smooth, clear, and saturated as possible. The body color is pure white. The shield marked variety ideally has 10 white flight feathers with colored thumb feathers. The tail marked variety is pure white except for the colored tail feathers which include a wedge-shaped portion of the back and body under the tail.
Undesirable elements:Long body or long feathers; narrow, flat, long or angular head; skimpy, crooked, or too low set crest; missing rosettes; heavy, smudged, uneven bars or checks; long thin beak; coarse or dark eye ceres; missing frill; narrow breast; drooping wings; too upright a station; poor (unsaturated) color; noticeably colored thighs, colored feathers on the head or body; if shield marked, white feathers in shield, uneven, unsymmetrical, incomplete shields, white thumb feathers; if tail marked, white or faulty tail feathers, white plumage under tail area.
Order of rating: Overall impression, body form, head and beak, crest, neck and frill, color and markings.
See also
List of pigeon breeds
External links
Old German Owl Club website
BirdClubsUSA.com
Faircount Pigeon Club
Altdeutsche Mövchen Deutschen Rassetauben-Standard
The Pigeon Cote | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Old%20German%20Owl%20pigeon |
Huáng Shújǐng (黃叔璥, 1682-1758) was the first Imperial High Commissioner to Taiwan (1722). A Beijinger, he was sent by the Kangxi Emperor of the Qing Empire, during whose reign Taiwan was annexed in 1684. He recorded his findings in Táihǎi shǐ chá lù (臺海使槎錄 "Records from the mission to Taiwan and its Strait").
Works
Qing dynasty diplomats
1682 births
1758 deaths
Political office-holders in Taiwan
Taiwanese people from Beijing
Qing dynasty high commissioners | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Huang%20Shujing |
The gandingan is a Philippine set of four large, hanging gongs used by the Maguindanao as part of their kulintang ensemble. When integrated into the ensemble, it functions as a secondary melodic instrument after the main melodic instrument, the kulintang. When played solo, the gandingan allows fellow Maguindanao to communicate with each other, allowing them to send messages or warnings via long distances. This ability to imitate tones of the Maguindanao language using this instrument has given the gandingan connotation: the “talking gongs.”
Description
The instrument is usually described as four, large, shallow-bossed, thin-rimmed gongs, vertically hung, either from a strong support such as a tree limb or housed in a strong wooden framed stand. The gongs are arranged in graduated fashion in pairs with knobs of the lower-pitched gongs facing each other and the higher-pitched gongs doing the same. Normally, the lower-pitched gongs would be situated on the left side and the higher pitched gongs on the right side of the player if he/she were right-handed. This arrangement in fact is similar to the arrangement of gongs on the horizontally laid kulintang – so much so, in fact that master musicians say it duplicates the pattern of intervals used on the four lower-pitched gongs of the kulintang.
The gongs, themselves, although variable in pitch, are relatively similar in size. Diameters range from 1.8 to 2 feet and 5 to 8 inches (including the boss) in width for the smallest to largest gongs respectively. Because of their slight differences, smaller gongs could be placed into larger gongs, making transport of these gongs more portable than an agung's, whose turned-in-rim eliminates that possibility.
Traditionally, the metal used for the gandingan was bronze but due to its scarcity after WWII, gandingan are more commonly made of less valuable metals such as steel sheets. Recently, galvanized steel sheets have been used by Maguindanaon instrument manufacturers where different parts of the gong (the knob, body and rim) would be made from separate sheets and welded together, then ground out to produce a finished product. Comparatively, these newer gongs have a higher pitch and are smaller in size than those made in older times.
Technique
The gandingan is usually played while standing behind the instrument with the gandingan player holding two wooden mallets. The mallets (balu) are wrapped tightly with strips of rubber at one end and are considered lighter and smaller than those balu used for the agung. The rubber ends of the balu are held between the opposing knobs of the gandingan and the player would use them to strike the knobs to achieve a sound.
Gandingan players can demonstrate different techniques dependent on the occasion. In formal kulintang performances, players would use all four gongs, but during some informal occasions, such as a playing style called apad and kulndet, players would use only three of the highest pitched gongs of the gandingan. And in instances such as gandingan contest, gandingan players may be assisted by two (kulintang assistants) who hold the gongs steadily in place as players ferociously demonstrate their virtuosity on the instrument.
Uses
Ensemble
Traditionally among the Maguindanao, the main function of the gandingan was its use as a secondary melodic instrument after the kulintang in the kulintang ensemble. In olden style of play, strictly done by women, the patterns used function to feature/highlight/reinforce the rhythmic modes already established by the singular babendil and dabakan. Women players would use a limited number of patterns that were repeated to provide a sonorous foundation to the entire ensemble.
Contest
Newer styles of play have recently emerged, pushing the bounds of what the gandingan was traditionally used for. One type of play called kulndet requires players to perform highly dense, complicated rhythmic patterns upon the gandingan. This type of play unlike the olden (kamamatuan) style of gandingan playing requires assistants to hold the gongs to avoid long suspensions of sound. Because of the strenuous type of play, male musicians usually perform this style during contests held at weddings where players would demonstrate their virtuosity, considered a sign of masculinity, on the gandingan. During a gandingan contest, two expert gandingan players (pagaganding) would play a particular piece several times in rotation with each other. This type of play is said to have evolved from the spread of virtuosic style on the agung.
Communication
Another type of play, called apad, is used for conveying linguistic messages from one player to another. This ability to mimic the intonations of the Maguindanao language on the three highest-tuned gongs has dubbed the gandingan as the talking gongs.
Traditionally, because of strict rules forbidding direct conversational interactions between the sexes, the gandingan presented a means for teenagers to interact with one another. Using the gandingan, young men and women would spend hours teasing, flirting, gossiping, playing guessing games, trading friendly insults and simply conversing with one another. For instance, if friends were telling a boy that a girl liked him but the boy didn't like her back, the boy wouldn't resort to telling his friends literally he didn't like her. Instead, he could use the gandingan to express his reasons and his friends would be able to pick up the message by translating his song.
In fact, during the 1950s, many families would intentionally hang gandingans outside their houses so other neighbors could easily hear them play. Young men would gather around the gandingan and gossip about people they dislike, usually “chatting” with other gandingan players further away. Locals says much of this jovial talk even contained sexual innuendoes, where all kinds of dirty words could be heard penetrating the night air.
Gandingans were also used by a young man and woman who were having strong feelings for one another and if the feelings were just right, the couple would elope with one another. For instance, if the young man wanted to ask the young women “to come here,” the man would play on the gandingan, “Singkaden Ka Singkaden.” Another common message couples would play is, “Pagngapan ko seka,” literally meaning, “I am waiting for you.”
Along with those trivial messages, gandingans were also used in more seriously matters when signaling to others of imminent danger. During martial law, gandingans were used to warn villagers of incoming Marcos’ soldiers. Every time the villagers received the signal, they would disappear leaving the soldiers aloof until the soldiers themselves brought in a translator who told them, the gandingan was responsible for the scurry. So they arrested the gandingan player. A similar story talks about a brother of a man who stole someone's carabao. In order to keep his brother from getting arrested, the brother set up a gandingan up in a tree and would clang it every time the police arrived to warn his brother to leave their house. But like Marcos’ soldiers, the police bought a translator and so they were finally able to arrest the theft for stealing and the brother on the gandingan for obstruction of justice.
Origin
The etymology of the term, “gandingan,” is unknown but it appears in many Maguindanao folk tales and epics. For instance, one folk tale states the Malailai Gandingan is a place known for a powerful sultan and his beautiful daughter while in another epic, Raja sa Madaya, Gandingan is the proper name of a place where hostile datus (who attempted to abduct a princess from the prince of Madaya) live. Perhaps the most significant mention of the gandingan in an epic tale is in the Maguindanao epic Diwatakasalipan, where word “gandingan” actually refers to the instrument itself. In the epic, a young princess, Tintingan na Bulawan, uses the gandingan to inform her sister, Initulon na Gambal, about a hero prince, Diwatakasalipan, who was looking for a wife. Thanks to that message, Initulon na Gambal was able to entertain the hero prince using a kulintang into her heart. This use of the gandingan in this epic exemplifies that its use as a form of communication was pre-Islamic in origin.
The origins of the gongs themselves are still disputed by scholars. It is likely, as observed by Thomas Forrest, a British explorer, that gongs without knobs on them (like the gandingan) came from China. However, other sources suggest the gandingan came to the Philippines via Indonesia or Malaysian Sarawak due to similar gandingan-type instruments found among the Tausug of Sulu.
Similar instruments
The set of four, large hanging gongs is confined mainly to the Maguindanao. Scholars says the Maranao once used the gandingan but the instrument has disappeared from usage in Maranao ensembles of today. The Tausug have a gandingan-type gong with a narrow-rim called a buahan or huhagan, one of the three agungs used in the Tausug kulintang ensemble. The Samal have something similar called a bua. Other gongs similar to the gandingan are the handheld gongs of the Subanon (gagung sua) and Tiruray (karatung) used in their agung ensembles, the latter group sometimes substituting Maguindanao gandingan gongs for their karatungs.
References
Gandingan
Gongs
Culture of Maguindanao del Norte
Culture of Maguindanao del Sur
Philippine musical instruments | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gandingan |
Terence Michael Mackenroth (16 July 1949 – 30 April 2018) was an Australian politician from Queensland, who was a member of the Labor Party. He served almost 28 years with a notable parliamentary service history and a number of ministerial roles including Treasurer and Deputy Premier.
Early life
Prior to his entry into politics, Mackenroth was principal in a steel fabrication and building company.
Political career
Mackenroth was first elected on 12 November 1977 in the southern Brisbane seat of Chatsworth.
Mackenroth was Minister for Police and Emergency Services and Leader of the House from 7 December 1989 to 10 December 1991, then Minister for Housing and Local Government until the Goss government lost power on 19 February 1996.
While in opposition, Mackenroth was Shadow Minister for Housing, Local Government and Planning, Communication and Information from 17 December 1996 to 26 June 1998.
On 3 November 1995, Mackenroth opened the first approved 3-story, multi residential timber-framed construction building project in Australia. This is now also the current residence of Dr Tim Winter.
After the ALP returned to power under Peter Beattie in 1998, Mackenroth returned to Ministerial rank, picking-up portfolios of Regional and Rural Communities (until 16 December 1999), Local Government and Planning (until 30 November 2000) and Communication and Information (until 22 February 2001).
Described favourably by Beattie as a "tough son-of-a-bitch", Mackenroth was made Deputy Premier on 30 November 2000 after the former deputy premier, Jim Elder, resigned from the party before he admitted to electoral fraud at a Criminal Justice Commission inquiry into electoral rorting. With the developing scandal, Beattie trusted Mackenroth to help him save the government. He was known as "The Fox" within government for his political intelligence and strategies.
On 22 February 2001, Mackenroth took on the position of Treasurer. He remained as Treasurer and Deputy Premier for over four years until his resignation from parliament on 25 July 2005.
Post Politics
Mackenroth was appointed a director of the Queensland-based property development company Devine Limited on 29 September 2005.
After north Queensland was ravaged by Cyclone Larry on 20 March 2006, Mackenroth was appointed to help in the recovery of the region.
In April 2007 Mackenroth was appointed a panelist on the Local Government Reform Commission.
Mackenroth was an independent director at Queensland Rugby League and a former director of the Australian Rugby League. In November 2016, Mackenroth was appointed interim chairman of the Central Queensland Capras in Rockhampton following the resignation of Geoff Murphy. His role with the Capras was to assist with the transition process, restructure the club and help find a new board. He previously acted in a similar role at the Northern Pride in Cairns.
Personal life
Mackenroth was married with two daughters Rachel and Jessica and four grandchildren Jordan, Jeremy, Emma and Jacob and was a qualified welder. He was a Roman Catholic.
Mackenroth died at Mater Private Hospital on 30 April 2018, aged 68 years, from a combination of a lung tumour and pneumonia, less than a fortnight after diagnosis of the lung tumour. Twenty years earlier he had been successfully treated for lung cancer.
References
1949 births
2018 deaths
Australian Labor Party members of the Parliament of Queensland
Australian Roman Catholics
Deaths from cancer in Queensland
Deaths from lung cancer
Deputy Premiers of Queensland
Members of the Queensland Legislative Assembly
Treasurers of Queensland
21st-century Australian politicians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Terry%20Mackenroth |
is a short opera in one act by Italian composer Italo Montemezzi. Its libretto was written by playwright Sem Benelli who had previously collaborated with the composer on his most famous opera, L'amore dei tre re. Benelli finished the text in 1933, and Montemezzi started work on the score, but the composer's unpleasant relationship with Mussolini's government made Italy inconducive to creative work. Montemezzi resumed work on L'incantesimo during the summer of 1943 in Beverly Hills, his home during a 10-year sojourn in the United States. Upon completion of the score, he offered it to the NBC Symphony, professing admiration for their orchestra.
Performance history
L'incantesimo received its broadcast premiere on October 9, 1943, in New York City. The composer conducted the NBC Symphony Orchestra. The opera's stage premiere took place on 9 August 1952, in Verona, Italy, only a few months after Montemezzi's death. The following year, L'incantesimo was performed for Italian radio, and broadcast in 1954. On November 13, 2007 Teatro Grattacielo, a New York group dedicated to reviving neglected verismo scores, performed L'incantesimo in a concert performance at Avery Fisher Hall in Manhattan.
A production (believed to be the first fully staged production of the work in America) was mounted in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, in the Hall of Sculpture at the Carnegie Museum of Art by the Opera Theater of Pittsburgh February 12, 13, and 14 of 2010, conducted by Bernard McDonald and directed by Jonathan Eaton. The cast included Daniel Teadt as Folco, Anna Singer as Giselda, Ric Furman as Rinaldo and Craig Priebe as Salomone.
Despite the opera's late date of composition, its musical style is firmly rooted in the late-romantic tradition, combining Italian lyricism with the orchestral techniques of Wagner and Richard Strauss.
Roles
Synopsis
The action takes place in Folco's wintry castle during the Middle Ages. Folco, a boastful and possessive man, has sent for Rinaldo, but, noting the falling snow, worries that his old friend will not come. Rinaldo had loved Folco's wife Giselda, and had longed to marry her. Giselda questions Folco as to why he has summoned her old love, whom she has not seen since their wedding. Folco tells her that Rinaldo is bringing with him a magician, whom Folco hopes will be able to tell him the meaning of a disturbing encounter he'd experienced while hunting earlier that day.
Rinaldo finally appears, accompanied by the mysterious necromancer Salomone. Folco welcomes them warmly, and in his aria "Allora ascolta!", explains how, while pursuing a wolf in the snowy forest, he'd raised his eyes to behold a white hind whose face was that of Giselda. Bewildered, he had stabbed the creature, whose sad eyes seemed to beg for mercy, and then had fled, horrified, into the forest. Salomone explains that if Folco's love for Giselda can survive, he must return to the forest, find the wounded hind, and carry it lovingly back to the castle, as if it were Giselda herself. Folco assures the magician that he can certainly accomplish this.
As soon as Folco leaves, Rinaldo passionately informs Giselda that he has never forgotten his love for her, but rather has, in the loneliness of his dwelling gazed upon her, and held her as if she were all his. Giselda scolds Rinaldo, but he assures her that love can accomplish anything, and that he thus has no doubt that she will be his. But Giselda scoffs at his ardent assurances. Love can do anything? Can it change the wintry garden that they see through the window to spring? If love can do that, she tells him, then she'll believe him. But Salomone interjects, "If you love, you shall see the spring."
Folco now returns. He has not found the body of the doe in the forest, and mysteriously, cannot seem to see Giselda now either, but rather sees the body of the doe lying where she stands.
Suddenly, the garden blossoms, and Giselda sings ecstatically of its ravishing beauty, and yields herself to Rinaldo's love.
Recording
Private recordings of the original 1943 radio broadcast have circulated for years. This performance was released in 1999 as part of the album Souvenirs from Verismo Operas Volume 4 on the International Record Collectors Club label. It features Alexander Sved as Folco, Vivian Della Chiesa as Giselda, Mario Berini as Rinaldo, and Virgilio Lazzari as Salomone.
References
See also
L'amore dei tre re, 1913 opera by Montemezzi
La nave, 1918 opera by Montemezzi
Italian-language operas
Verismo operas
One-act operas
Operas
1943 operas
1952 operas
Operas by Italo Montemezzi
Operas set in Italy | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%27incantesimo |
Herman Weigel (born 22 March 1950 in Moers) is a German film producer and screenwriter. He is one of the writers and producer of the television series Hausmeister Krause. Weigel is a graduate of the Munich Academy for Television and Film.
References
External links
1950 births
Living people
People from Moers
Mass media people from North Rhine-Westphalia
German male writers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Herman%20Weigel |
The Saga Continues... is the third studio album released by American hip hop artist P. Diddy & The Bad Boy Family on July 10, 2001, in North America. It was the first studio album released by Combs under the P. Diddy name, and last studio album under Bad Boy Entertainment's joint venture with Arista Records (his We Invented the Remix album was the last overall album with Arista).
The album garnered mixed reviews from critics. The Saga Continues... debuted at number two on the Billboard 200 and topped the Top R&B/Hip-Hop Albums chart, spawning three singles: "Let's Get It", "Bad Boy for Life" and "Diddy".
Critical reception
Soren Baker of the Los Angeles Times called the album "a quality hip-hop collection with plenty of swagger, grit, sure-shot singles and a decidedly upbeat outlook." A staff writer for HipHopDX praised the record for having a diverse roster of new artists and label alumni on "solid cuts" ("Can't Believe", "Let's Get It", "Bad Boy For Life") and "hidden gems" ("So Complete", "Blast Off"), but criticized P. Diddy's "lyrical flow and tempo" for being poorly showcased ("Lonely", "If You Want This Money") and highlighted G. Dep's "Child of the Ghetto" and 8Ball & MJG's "Roll with Me" as "regrettable displays" concluding that, "With the platform of platinum and pop success, The Saga Continues will be a surefire collection that has the following of P.Diddy's string of commercial hits. Forecasting his true signature talent, by seizing his roster
with diverse talent that accompanies his background arrangements."
Steve 'Flash' Juon of RapReviews gave praise to "Bad Boy For Life" and "Where's Sean?" for being "surprisingly dope cuts", P. Diddy's contributions on "Roll with Me" and "I Need a Girl", and G. Dep's "Child of the Ghetto". He criticized "Diddy" for having "one of the weakest ever Neptunes beats", the overabundance of interludes throughout the album and questioned the sampling choices on "Can't Believe" and the title track. AllMusic's Jason Birchmeier praised the record for giving Black Rob and G. Dep the spotlight to "showcase their talent commendably" along with the other roster members and the in-house approach to the production for giving a "cohesive feel", but criticized P. Diddy's "rhetorical swagger" throughout the track listing for "teetering on the fine line between self-assurance and unintentional farce."
Robert Christgau cited "That's Crazy" as a "choice cut", indicating a good song on "an album that isn't worth your time or money." The Guardians Alexis Petridis criticized P. Diddy for still being "a terrible rapper, cursed with a stilted and flat delivery" that's overshadowed by his obscure label members' "shouty contributions" and for lacking the "self-pitying repugnance" from Forever, concluding that: "Puzzling over the album's confused morality and logic is more rewarding than actually listening to its familiar litany of misogyny and violence. It's all been done before and by more talented rappers than Combs and pals."
Track listing
Singles
"Diddy"
"Bad Boy for Life"
"Let's Get It"
"I Need a Girl (To Bella)"
Released in the form of two remixes: Pt. 1 (featuring Usher and Loon) and Pt. 2 (featuring Mario Winans, Ginuwine and Loon). Both appeared on We Invented The Remix Vol. 1 and had a respective music video. The original version appears on certain "I Need a Girl (Pt. 1)" singles.
Personnel
Credits adapted from the liner notes of The Saga Continues....
Harve Pierre – associate executive producer
Chris Athens – mastering
Roger Che, Jimmy Lee Patterson, Marc Pfafflin – Pro Tools
Angela Lockhart – creative direction
Victoria Jordan – design
Justin Jay – photography
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
Certifications
References
2001 albums
Albums produced by Buckwild
Albums produced by the Neptunes
Albums produced by Sean Combs
Albums produced by Mario Winans
Bad Boy Records albums
Sean Combs albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Saga%20Continues... |
Philip Donald Johnson (born September 6, 1941) is a former college basketball player and a former basketball coach. He played college basketball at Utah State University and Weber State, and has coached collegiately at Weber State University.
Early life and college playing career
Philip Donald Johnson, a native of Grace, Idaho, graduated from Grace High School in 1959. He attended Utah State University for one year before transferring to Weber College (now Weber State University) in Ogden, Utah, where he played on the Wildcats basketball team for one season. In 1961, Johnson returned to Utah State University and played two years on the Utah State Aggies basketball team. Playing under coach LaDell Andersen, Johnson was part of Utah State teams that made the NCAA tournaments of 1962 and 1963. Johnson averaged 12.3 points and 7.1 rebounds in his senior season and graduated from Utah State in 1963 with a B.S. in physical education, and in 1964 he completed his master's degree.
Coaching career
Johnson began his coaching career in the 1963–64 season as the freshman basketball team coach at Utah State. In 1964, Johnson returned to his junior college alma mater, by then Weber State College, as an assistant coach under Dick Motta. In four seasons with Johnson as an assistant, Weber State finished at the top of the Big Sky Conference in 1965, 1966, and 1968 and made the 1968 NCAA Tournament.
In 1968, Johnson became head coach at Weber State. In three seasons with Johnson as head coach, Weber State was Big Sky regular season champions every season and made every NCAA tournament from 1969 to 1971. The Big Sky also recognized Johnson as Coach of the Year in those seasons, as well. Johnson left Weber State with a 68–16 record.
In his first NBA coaching job, Johnson again joined Dick Motta's coaching staff in 1971 with the Chicago Bulls. On November 29, 1973, the Kansas City-Omaha Kings hired Johnson as new head coach after firing Bob Cousy. Inheriting a 6–19 team, Johnson went 27–31 for the rest of the season, and the Kings finished 33–49. The following season, Johnson led the Kings a 44–38 record and a berth in the 1975 NBA Playoffs. For this achievement, Johnson earned the 1975 NBA Coach of the Year Award. Johnson was fired on January 7, 1978, following a 13–24 start for the now Kansas City Kings.
In 1979, Johnson returned to the Chicago Bulls, this time as an assistant coach on Jerry Sloan's staff. When Sloan was fired, Phil completed the year as Rod Thorn's assistant.
On July 20, 1982, Johnson joined Frank Layden's staff on the Utah Jazz and would serve as an assistant coach for two seasons.
On November 30, 1984, the Kansas City Kings hired Johnson as head coach, after Jack McKinney resigned following a 1–8 start. The Kings finished the 1984–85 season 31–51. The Kings then moved to Sacramento, California, and Johnson coached the Kings' first two seasons in Sacramento. The team made the playoffs the first season. Following a 14–32 start, in the second year, the Kings fired Johnson on February 9, 1987. This was the second time the team fired Johnson from the head coaching position.
Johnson was an assistant coach with the Utah Jazz from December 11, 1988 until his resignation on February 10, 2011. During his stint with the Jazz, he was named the NBA's top assistant coach four times by an annual survey of NBA general managers (2002, 2004, 2007, 2010).
In 1992, Johnson was inducted into the Weber State University Sports Hall of Fame. In 2011, he was inducted into the Utah Sports Hall of Fame. On July 12, 2016, Johnson was awarded the inaugural Tex Winter Assistant Coach Lifetime Impact Award by the NBA Coach's Association. Utah State University inducted him into the Athletic Hall of Fame on September 4, 2016.
Johnson and his wife, Ann, are the parents of two children, Mitchel and Nathan, and have two grandchildren, McKenna and Alexander. They reside in suburban Salt Lake City.
References
External links
NBA.com coach file: Phil Johnson
Basketball-Reference.com: Phil Johnson
1941 births
Living people
American men's basketball coaches
American men's basketball players
Basketball coaches from Idaho
Basketball players from Idaho
Chicago Bulls head coaches
Junior college men's basketball players in the United States
Kansas City Kings head coaches
Kansas City-Omaha Kings head coaches
People from Grace, Idaho
Utah Jazz assistant coaches
Utah State Aggies men's basketball players
Weber State Wildcats men's basketball coaches | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phil%20Johnson%20%28basketball%2C%20born%201941%29 |
Meir Shamgar (; August 13, 1925 – October 18, 2019) was the chief justice of the Israeli Supreme Court from 1983 to 1995.
Biography
Meir Shamgar (Sterenberg or Sternberg) was born in the Free City of Danzig (present-day Gdańsk, Poland) to Eliezer and Dina Sterenberg. His parents were Revisionist Zionists. He immigrated to Palestine in 1939. He attended high school at the Balfour Gymnasium in Tel Aviv.
He joined the Palmach and served in Company D. He then joined the Irgun. He was arrested in 1944 for anti-British activities, and interned in Africa at a detention camp in Eritrea. While in detention in Eritrea he studied law by a correspondence course with the University of London. Fellow inmates in Eritrea included Yitzhak Shamir and Shmuel Tamir. He participated in an escape attempt.
In 1948, with the establishment of Israel, he was returned to Israel with the other detainees, where he enlisted in the Israel Defense Forces and participated in the 1948 Arab-Israeli War.
After the war, he studied history and philosophy at the Hebrew University of Jerusalem and law at the Government Law School of the University of London.
On the morning of 18 October 2019, it was announced in Israeli media outlets that Shamgar had died. He was 94.
Legal career
Following his studies, Shamgar rejoined the army as a military prosecutor. He was appointed Deputy Military Advocate General in 1956, and Military Advocate General in 1961. Following the Six-Day War, he designed the legal infrastructure of the Israeli military government in the West Bank and Gaza Strip. He attained the rank of Brigadier General. After retiring from the military, he served as Attorney General from 1968 to 1975. In 1975, he was appointed a justice of the Israeli Supreme Court. In 1982, he was appointed Deputy President of the Supreme Court, and in 1983, he became the chief justice of the Supreme Court. He retired in 1995.
In 1996 Shamgar chaired the Commission of Inquiry into the murder of Prime Minister Yitzhak Rabin.
Personal life
Shamgar had three children with his wife Geula, who died in 1983. After her death, he married Michal Rubinstein, a retired judge who served as Vice President of the Tel Aviv District Court.
See also
List of Israel Prize recipients
References
External links
And Justice for all, Voice of sweet reason
Uri Weiss, Remembering Meir Shamgar, the chief legal architect of Israeli apartheid
1925 births
2019 deaths
Chief justices of the Supreme Court of Israel
Judges of the Supreme Court of Israel
Israel Prize for special contribution to society and the State recipients
Alumni of University of London Worldwide
Alumni of the University of London
Jewish emigrants from Nazi Germany to Mandatory Palestine
Irgun members
People from the Free City of Danzig
Hebrew University of Jerusalem alumni
Israeli people imprisoned abroad
Prisoners and detainees of the British military
Burials at Har HaMenuchot | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meir%20Shamgar |
The Sea Island Connector, is a crossing over the middle arm of the Fraser River in Metro Vancouver.
History
Project
Completed in August 2001, the concrete beams, atop the exposed steel piles driven into the river, support the concrete girders. This low-level three-lane bridge, parallel to the Moray Bridge, carries westbound traffic toward the Vancouver International Airport (YVR). The Ministry of Transportation and Infrastructure for BC owns and maintains the structure. However, the joint exercise was a partnership of the Vancouver International Airport Authority, the province, the federal government, and the City of Richmond.
The $40 million project also comprised a vehicle overpass, interchanges on Sea Island to Grant McConachie Way and Russ Baker Way, and enhancements to Bridgeport Road and the Highway 99 interchange. The collaboration improved YVR access from Richmond and the highway, which includes the Oak Street Bridge.
Roadways
Formerly, Airport Rd. (north) leading to Grauer Rd., and Cessna Dr., branched at the foot of the Moray Bridge. Airport Rd. (north) became a cul-de-sac. Cessna Dr. access reconfigured to Russ Baker Way.
The Moray Bridge had been a single lane each way, subject to congestion from vehicle accidents, swing span openings for boats, or rush hour. Although commercial vessels largely avoid the middle arm, it is popular with pleasure craft. Yacht masts can clear the new bridge when travelling to the marinas immediately downstream.
During November and December 2019, the consecutive Russ Baker Way overpass experienced lane closures for concrete rehabilitation, better drainage, and bearing replacement.
See also
List of crossings of the Fraser River
List of BC bridges
References
Bridges in Greater Vancouver
Buildings and structures in Richmond, British Columbia
Bridges over the Fraser River
Road bridges in British Columbia
Transport in Richmond, British Columbia
Sea Island (British Columbia) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea%20Island%20Connector |
Elias Camsek Chin (born 10 October 1949) is a Palauan politician. He served as the Vice President of Palau from 1 January 2005 to 15 January 2009. He was elected as the president of the Senate of Palau from 16 January 2013 to 19 January 2017.
Early life
Elias Camsek Chin was born in Peleliu, Palau, on October 11, 1949. His father, Taktai Chin, was the son of a Chinese miner at Angaur and a Palauan mother, and became Palau's first doctor. His mother, Takeko Chin (née Kuratomi) was of Japanese heritage.
As a youth, Camsek attended Farrington High School in Honolulu, Hawaii. While attending University of Hawaii, Camsek met Miriam Rudimch. Camsek learned that Miriam was a tennis player and, in an attempt to impress Ms. Rudimch, decided to take on the sport (even though he initially found the sport to be boring and preferred to spend his days surfing Hawaii 's famous breaks). This time, however, Cowboy was picked first: Miriam Rudimch and Camsek Chin married on May 21, 1977.
Elias Camsek Chin attended the Electronic Institute of Hawaii, graduating with an AA degree in electronics engineering technology. He earned a Bachelor of Arts degree in psychology from the University of Hawaii at Manoa, where he also completed the Reserve Officer Training Corps Curriculum and Education course of Study. In 1975 Second Lieutenant Chin was commissioned in the Armor Corps of the U.S. Army. He later branch transferred to Aviation Corps and spent over 20 years as a U.S. Army combat aviator.
Military career
Lieutenant Colonel Chin is a graduate of the Armor Officer Basic and Advanced Course, United States Army Flight School, Air Ground Operations School, the United States Army Command and General Staff College, and the U.S. Army War College with emphasis on international relations. He is also a graduate of U.S. Army Airborne School, U.S. Army Ranger School, U.S. Army Motor Officer School, and the U.S. Army Computer School.
His awards and decorations include the Legion of Merits, the Meritorious Service Medal with 2nd Oak Leaf Cluster, the Army Commendation Medal with 2nd Oak Leaf Cluster, the Army Achievement Medal with Oak Leaf Cluster, the National Defense Service Medal, Army Service Ribbon, Overseas Ribbon, Parachutist Badge, Army Master Aviator Badge, and the Ranger Tab.
Upon Lieutenant Colonel Chin's retirement from the U.S. Army in 1997, President Kuniwo Nakamura nominated him to the position of Minister of Justice. The Fifth Olbiil Era Kelulau unanimously approved.
Family life
Chin and his wife, Miriam, have two children, Lalii Antolina, an attorney, and Nathan Lee Beches, a University of Washington graduate and medical school applicant.
Politics
Chin served as Minister of Justice for a three-year tenure from 1997 to 2000, and he initiated and completed a number of projects for the Ministry and the community of Palau . He designed and built the three-story BRT Building that now houses the Ministry of Justice Office and the Bureau of Public Safety Administration, using his own Ministry's operating funds and utilizing prisoners as construction workers to minimize costs.
Through an arrangement with Chief Rengulbai and the Governor of Aimeliik, Minister Chin turned a plot of land in Nekken into a successful Sublek Farm run by prisoners. Harvests of vegetables, fruit and root crops and meat from the piggery and poultry farm supplemented the prison menus. And the prisoners learned valuable lessons and skills for the future. Produce from the farm was also shared with Aimeliik Elementary School and the national hospital.
Minister Chin initiated an alternative juvenile justice program called Omengull ma Okurullel a Klechad, popularly dubbed Double OK, by enlisting traditional leaders, state governors and parents as partners to serve as mentors and guidance counselors to the young offenders on the Palauan traditional values and disciplines. He acquired a grant and, using prisoners again as workers, built buoys with solar lights around the islands of Babeldaob, Koror and Peleliu
In his private life following his term as Minister of Justice, he dedicated his time to designing, building and fundraising for the construction of Father Felix Yaoch Gymnasium. In November 2000, Mr. Chin was elected as a senator to the Sixth Olbiil Era Kelulau (Palau National Congress).
On 2 November 2004, the people overwhelmingly elected Chin Vice President of Palau. Chin defeated incumbent Sandra Pierantozzi in vice-presidential elections held on 2 November 2004, winning 71.1% of the vote. President Thomas Remengesau Jr. temporarily appointed him to the vacant portfolio of Minister of Justice.
In the 2008 election on 4 November 2008, Chin ran for the presidency, but was defeated in the second round, winning 49 per cent of the vote. Johnson Toribiong was elected president with 51 per cent.
References
Bibliography
Crocombe, R. G., Asia in the Pacific Islands: Replacing the West, 2007,
External links
Vice-President Chin's address to the 63rd session of the United Nations General Assembly, September 25, 2008
1949 births
Living people
University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa alumni
United States Army officers
American Master Army Aviators
Presidents of the Senate of Palau
People from Peleliu
Palauan politicians of Chinese descent
Palauan politicians of Japanese descent
Vice presidents of Palau
Justice Ministers of Palau
21st-century Palauan politicians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elias%20Camsek%20Chin |
Gerald Elliot Heller (October 6, 1940 – September 2, 2016) was an American music manager and businessman. He was best known for his management of West Coast rap and gangsta rap pioneers N.W.A and Eazy-E. He rose to prominence in the 1960s and 1970s representing Journey, Marvin Gaye, Van Morrison, War, Eric Burdon, Crosby Stills & Nash, Ike & Tina Turner, Creedence Clearwater Revival, Otis Redding, the Who, REO Speedwagon, Black Sabbath, Humble Pie, Styx, the Grass Roots, and the Standells, among many others.
In the mid-1980s, he worked with R&B and hip hop acts like Michel'le, World Class Wreckin' Cru, J. J. Fad, The D.O.C., Egyptian Lover and LA Dream Team.
Heller was instrumental in the emergence of West Coast rap music when he managed Ruthless Records with Eazy-E and discovered, signed or managed the likes of N.W.A, The Black Eyed Peas, Above the Law, The D.O.C. and Bone Thugs-n-Harmony. Dr. Dre brought The D.O.C. and Above the Law to Ruthless in its early days and Eazy introduced Bone in the later years.
Early life and education
Born to a Jewish family in Cleveland, Ohio, Heller served in the United States Army and attended college at the University of Southern California, and started working in the agency business in 1963. After working at Coast Artists, Associated Booking, and the Chartwell, he opened the Heller-Fischel Agency in Beverly Hills which represented rock groups the Who, Grand Funk Railroad, Black Sabbath, Humble Pie, and Black Oak Arkansas as well as writers Carly Simon, Van Morrison, and Cat Stevens. He later bought out partner Don Fischel who went on to package independent TV productions. Heller believed that a key factor in keeping acts working between or after a hit record was to not be greedy and package his own clients together, but tour them in salable packages with other headline acts that were clients of other agencies.
Career
Starting in the mid-1980s, Heller represented rap musicians as the genre became popular with the record-buying U.S. public. His work with Ruthless Records and with Eazy-E formed the foundation for the successes of Priority Records and Interscope Records. To date, Ruthless Records has sold in excess of 110 million records, not counting singles. The label included artists and producers such as Dr. Dre, whose careers Heller helped establish, and sold millions of records for Interscope, Priority, Atlantic, MCA, and Sony. At the time of Eazy-E's death, and Heller's departure from Ruthless, the company was generating revenue in excess of $10 million per month.
Managing the rise of West Coast rap
In the 1980s, Heller began managing acts on the nascent Los Angeles hip hop scene, many of whom recorded for the now defunct Macola in Hollywood. He managed both C.I.A., of which Ice Cube was a member, and the World Class Wreckin' Cru, which included Dr. Dre and DJ Yella. On March 3, 1987, he met Eazy-E, and the two became co-founders of Ruthless. Under the direction of Heller and Eazy, Ruthless had six RIAA-certified Platinum releases in three years: Supersonic (J. J. Fad), Eazy-Duz-It (Eazy-E), Straight Outta Compton (N.W.A), No One Can Do It Better (The D.O.C.), Michel'les self-titled debut, and Niggaz4Life (N.W.A).
After N.W.A
N.W.A broke up in 1991, with Ice Cube and Dr. Dre departing and aiming criticism at Heller and Eazy in diss tracks. However, Ice Cube's diss tracks only occurred after the remaining members of N.W.A initiated a feud on the 1990 EP 100 Miles and Runnin'. Both Ice Cube and Dre accused Heller of breaking up N.W.A with the way he managed the group. Dr. Dre later recalled: "The split came when Jerry Heller got involved. He played the divide and conquer game. Instead of taking care of everybody, he picked Eazy to handle it. And Eazy was like, 'I'm taken care of, so fuck it'." Ice Cube, in his diss track "No Vaseline", accused Eazy of being too much under Heller's influence and both of them exploiting the rest of the group: "Eazy-E, MC Ren, Dr. Dre, and Yella". Also, "It's a case of divide and conquer, 'cause you let a Jew break up my crew" and "house nigga gotta run and hide, yellin' Compton but you moved to Riverside."
Heller married Gayle Steiner, his girlfriend since 1990, in 1996. They divorced in 2014.
Book
Heller's memoir, Ruthless: A Memoir, written with Gil Reavill, was published by Simon & Schuster/Simon Spotlight Entertainment in 2006. In the work, Heller addressed many events that he had previously remained silent on.
With regard to the FBI letter sent after the N.W.A song "Fuck tha Police", Heller wrote that the letter was actually a rogue action by a "single pissed-off bureaucrat with a bully pulpit" named Milt Ahlerich (FBI Assistant Director), who was falsely purporting to represent the FBI as a whole and that the action "earned him a transfer to the Bureau's backwater Hartford office". He also wrote that he removed all sensitive documents from the office of Ruthless Records in case of an FBI raid.
He denied accusations of financial impropriety. In particular, he wrote that Ice Cube didn't understand finances, and alluded to rumors of his own financial impropriety on his own record label. However some members of the group have said that their first check was not released until they signed contracts, which they did not have reviewed by outside lawyers or managers.
Heller defended himself in his book, stating:
N.W.A's song publishing royalties were always hefty because the band sold so many records ... Ruthless took twenty-five cents out of each dollar of publishing royalties. Again, a fairly customary bite. Some labels take 100 percent. The other publishing companies involved (Cube included) also took twenty-five cents. Of the fifty cents left, the lyric writer took twenty-five cents, and the beat writer took twenty-five cents. Dre composed the beats for every song N.W.A ever put out, so he always got that quarter out of every dollar coming in, less deductions for all his sampling. You wrote a lot of the words, Cube, so some of the time you took a quarter bite out of those dollars. There were quite a few times though, when you had to share with cowriters, such as Dre, Yella, the D.O.C., Eazy, or Ren. So you had to share your quarter ... It's not robbery. It's not a Jewish conspiracy to rip off the poor artist. What it is, O'Shea, is mathematics--pure and simple. You received every single penny that was coming to you. If you say you didn't, then you are lying.
Of the song "No Vaseline", Heller wrote that he didn't believe that Ice Cube was genuinely anti-Semitic and was nothing but "pro-Ice Cube", but had exploited prejudices in the Afro-American community to help his career.
He claimed that the deathbed letter from Eazy-E was a forgery: "Eric would never have put out a letter that was that corny." Heller wrote that Eazy-E had eight children and not seven as the letter stated.
Of the Dee Barnes incident, in which she was beaten by Dr. Dre in the midst of the feud between Ice Cube and the remaining members of N.W.A, Heller called the incident "disgraceful" and that he was "left to clean up the mess". Heller said that Dr. Dre was generally non-violent and mild-mannered, but had drunk too much on that night.
In a 2013 interview, on the Murder Master Music Show, Heller said that Eazy-E had planned on murdering Suge Knight, but Heller was able to talk him out of it. Heller said he was in his office when Eazy-E told him, "You know this guy Suge Knight? Well, I'm gonna kill him ... This guy's gonna be a problem, and I'm gonna kill him." Heller said that he told Eazy it didn't make sense to kill Knight and it wouldn't be worth the risk, citing that Ruthless was the most successful startup record company ever, making $10 million a month with only six employees and, as Heller put it, "not even having a typewriter in their office." Heller said that, given everything that had transpired afterward, he regrets talking Eazy out of it. "You know something? I should have let him kill him. I would have done the world a favor. He would have done it for sure by himself. He always rolled by himself and he was fearless. I think that he was going to go do it. I took him seriously. He was right and I was wrong."
Straight Outta Compton depiction lawsuit
Heller was portrayed by actor Paul Giamatti in the 2015 N.W.A biopic film Straight Outta Compton.
In October 2015, Heller filed a lawsuit against several members of N.W.A, NBCUniversal and others involved in the production of Straight Outta Compton. He also filed lawsuits against rappers Dr. Dre and Ice Cube. The lawsuit claims "the film is littered with false statements that harm the reputation of (Heller) and aim to ridicule and lower him in the opinion of the community and to deter third persons from associating or dealing with him." Producers for the film, which included Ice Cube and Dr. Dre, filed a countersuit in February 2016 to have portions of the suit thrown out. In June 2016, U.S. District Court Judge Michael Fitzgerald dismissed nearly all of Heller's lawsuit, but agreed to allow one claim to continue. Despite Heller's death in September 2016, his attorney Mickey Shapiro indicated the lawsuit would continue. In September 2018, a California judge dismissed the lawsuit two years after his death.
Surviving Compton depiction
Heller was portrayed by Jamie Kennedy in the 2016 film Surviving Compton. In contrast to the negative portrayal in Straight Outta Compton, Heller is portrayed in the film as defending Michel'le against violent treatment from Dr. Dre, which led writer Ben Westhoff to say that Heller "somehow comes off better than anyone else".
Death
Heller was driving on September 2, 2016, when he suffered a heart attack, crashed his car, and later died at Los Robles Hospital & Medical Center in Thousand Oaks, California. He was 75 years old. Heller's lawyer blamed the depiction of him in the film Straight Outta Compton as a contributing factor in his death, saying the film placed him under a tremendous amount of stress and that “Jerry Heller would be alive today if not for that movie.” He was interred at Eden Memorial Park Cemetery.
References
External links
1940 births
2016 deaths
American memoirists
American music industry executives
American music managers
American talent agents
Businesspeople from California
Jewish American writers
Marshall School of Business alumni
Ohio University alumni
People from Calabasas, California
Businesspeople from Cleveland
People from Shaker Heights, Ohio
United States Army soldiers
Writers from Cleveland
West Coast hip hop
20th-century American businesspeople
21st-century American Jews
Burials at Eden Memorial Park Cemetery | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry%20Heller |
Surrey Herald of Arms Extraordinary was an English officer of arms. Though an officer of the crown, Surrey Herald Extraordinary was not a member of the corporation of the College of Arms in London. This office was created in 1856 and first held by Edward Stephen Dendy. The badge of office was assigned in 1981. The badge is blazoned Within a representation of a Herald's Collar of SS Argent a Tabard chequy Or and Azure. These were the arms of John de Warenne, Earl of Surrey in the late thirteenth century, from whom the earldom descended through the Fitzalans to the Howard dukes of Norfolk and earls marshal.
Holders of the office
See also
Heraldry
Herald
Officer of Arms
References
Citations
Bibliography
The College of Arms, Queen Victoria Street : being the sixteenth and final monograph of the London Survey Committee, Walter H. Godfrey, assisted by Sir Anthony Wagner, with a complete list of the officers of arms, prepared by H. Stanford London, (London, 1963)
A History of the College of Arms &c, Mark Noble, (London, 1804)
External links
The College of Arms
CUHGS Officer of Arms Index
English offices of arms | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrey%20Herald%20Extraordinary |
Malkin as a surname may refer to:
Arthur Malkin (1803–1888), English writer, alpinist and cricketer
Barry Malkin (1938–2019), American film editor
Benjamin Heath Malkin (1769–1842), antiquary and author
Chris Malkin (born 1967), English football player
Efim Malkin (born 1954), Russian politician
Eran Malkin (born 1993), Israeli footballer
Evgeni Malkin (born 1986), Russian professional ice hockey player for the Pittsburgh Penguins of the NHL
Felice Pazner Malkin (born 1929), Israeli artist
Herbert Malkin (1836–1913), English lawyer and cricketer
Herbert William Malkin (1883–1945), English lawyer, son of Herbert Malkin
John Malkin (1921–1994), English football player for Stoke City
Joseph Malkin (fl. 1920s, 1930s), English rugby league player
Joseph Malkin (1879–1969), principal cellist for the Boston Symphony Orchestra, who founded the Malkin Conservatory in Boston in 1933
Mary Ann O'Brian Malkin (1913–2005), collector of books on dance notation
Michelle Malkin (born 1970), American political columnist, born Michelle Maglalang
Myron Samuel Malkin (1924–1994), director of the NASA space shuttle program
Peter Malkin (1927–2005), Israeli secret agent
Peter L. Malkin (born 1934), American real estate investor
Peter Malkin (cricketer) (born 1951), English cricketer
Robert Malkin, engineer specializing in medical instrumentation for the developing world
Russ Malkin, British film producer and director
Scott D. Malkin (born 1959), American businessman
Sivan Malkin Maas, Israeli ordained as a rabbi in Humanistic Judaism
Tal Malkin (born 1970), Israeli-American cryptographer
Terry Malkin (1935–2010), British speed skater
Vitaly Malkin (born 1952), Russian-Israeli business oligarch and politician
William Harold Malkin (1868–1959), mayor of Vancouver, Canada
Malkin Bowl, an outdoor theatre in Vancouver
Yaakov Malkin (1926–2019), educator, literary critic, and Tel Aviv University academic
See also
Grimalkin, archaic term for a cat
Malkin Tower (early 1600s, demolished), connected to witch trials in Lancashire, England
"The Malkin Jewel", 2012 single by The Mars Volta
Related names
Malka(h) (, )
Malkov, Malkoff (not )
Małkowski
Malkovich
Malko
Russian-language surnames
Jewish matronymic surnames | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Malkin |
Draff Young (April 9, 1942 – March 24, 2012) was a National Basketball Association (NBA) coach.
Draff had a lifetime love and passion for basketball. His inspiration for basketball was stirred when his Uncle Perry put a peach barrel rim on the side of the house; this enabled him and his cousins to play basketball. Draff played basketball while attending Johnson C. Smith University, and after leaving college he began his career in professional basketball.
His career included an accomplishment of serving as Director of Public Relations and Promotions for Randolph Manufacturing Company, Randolph, Massachusetts (1965–1968). He appeared as a guest host on many television programs, in and outside the United States. He played with Marcus Haynes and the Fabulous Magicians during their Massachusetts appearances. He also played with Sam "Boom Boom" Wheeler and his All-Stars when they made their New England swing (1964–1968).
In 1967, Draff started a basketball program at the Boston School of the Deaf.
He served in the NBA from 1969–1974 as coach for the Cincinnati Royals and the Kansas City Omaha Kings.
In 1973, he became the first African-American who did not play in the NBA to serve as a head coach in the league when he coached for four games for the Kansas City-Omaha Kings. He also served as assistant coach on the USA Olympic basketball team that toured the United States in 1973.
From 1974–1977, he served as assistant basketball coach at Oral Roberts University.
From 1977–1978, he served as an assistant basketball coach at the University of Southern California.
Draff was Head National Men's Basketball coach for the country of Kuwait in 1978. He served as the Olympic Basketball coach for the country of Qatar from 1987–1994. From 1994–2006, he was Head basketball coach at Al Jahra Sports Club.
He was a basketball TV Sports Analyst for the NBA from 2003–2006.
After many years of traveling across the United States and various other countries pursuing his love of basketball, Draff returned to Timmonsville, South Carolina in pursuit of a spiritual journey. He began attending Zion Temple Holiness Church and was a dedicated member who could be seen many days praying in his parked car in the church's parking lot. He was appointed Deacon at Zion Temple and served faithfully until his health failed and he could no longer attend services.
Draff possessed a jovial personality and he found a special interest in everyone around him. His deep, husky laughter is greatly missed by the friends and family touched by his presence.
References
External links
BasketballReference.com: Draff Young
1942 births
2012 deaths
American men's basketball coaches
Johnson C. Smith Golden Bulls basketball players
Kansas City-Omaha Kings head coaches
American sports announcers
American men's basketball players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Draff%20Young |
is a Japanese animator, character designer, and director. He is particularly known for his work on the Giant Robo OVA series, as well as his work on the Lunar series and iDOLM@STER. He was born in Hokkaido.
Notable works
Anime
Batman: Gotham Knight (Segment: Working Through Pain; Animation director)
Gunbuster (animation director)
Nadia: The Secret of Blue Water (animation director)
Giant Robo (character designer, animation director)
Giant Robo Ginrei Special (character designer, animation director)
Yamato 2520 (character designer)
Gankutsuou (opening animator)
Beck (storyboard)
Time Jam: Valerian & Laureline (animation director)
Berserk: The Golden Age Arc (director)
Harukana Receive (director)
Wandering Witch: The Journey of Elaina (director)
Handyman Saitou in Another World (director)
Shangri-La Frontier (director)
Games
Lunar: The Silver Star (character designer, animation director)
Lunar: Eternal Blue (character designer, animation director)
Lunar: Walking School (character designer)
Lunar: Silver Star Story (character designer, animation director)
Albert Odyssey: Legend of Eldean (character designer)
Magic School Lunar! (character designer, animation director)
Lunar 2: Eternal Blue (character designer, animation director)
Lunar Legend (character designer)
Seishun Quiz: Colorful Highschool (character designer)
The iDOLM@STER (character designer)
Lunar: Dragon Song (character designer)
Phantasy Star 0 (character designer)
References
External links
Anime character designers
Video game artists
Lunar (series)
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Toshiyuki%20Kubooka |
The Men's Hockey Champions Challenge I was an international men's field hockey tournament, played every two years.
It was introduced in 2001 by the International Hockey Federation (FIH) in order to broaden hockey's competitive base at world level, the last tournament was held in 2014 in Malaysia and won by South Korea. The champions challenge was replaced by the FIH Hockey World League in 2014 after eight editions.
Results
Summaries
Successful national teams
* = host nation
Team appearances
See also
Women's Hockey Champions Challenge I
Men's Hockey Champions Challenge II
Hockey Champions Trophy
References
External links
International Hockey Federation
Champions Challenge I
Recurring sporting events established in 2001
Recurring sporting events disestablished in 2014 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Men%27s%20Hockey%20Champions%20Challenge%20I |
Darling Heights is a rural residential locality in the Toowoomba Region, Queensland, Australia. In the , Darling Heights had a population of 5,157 people.
Geography
Darling Heights lies on the southern edge of the city, on the west ridge. The land falls away steeply to the west toward Drayton, the slope being occupied by detached bungalow housing with an admixture of larger homes, duplexes and small blocks of units. Most of these dwellings are less than 10 years old, the area having previously been mostly horse paddocks, of which few remain. The homes and businesses in the western part of Darling Heights are considered part of Drayton. To the east, the upper valley of West Creek forms the suburb of Kearneys Spring, the western part of which is considered part of Darling Heights by many people. The southern part of the suburb is an area of acreage blocks and small farms. To the north lies the suburb of Harristown.
History
Darling Heights was named by Queensland Place Names Board on 1 January 1966 with boundaries confirmed on 1 June 1981. The name was originally proposed to be College Heights to reflect the new university college that was being planned for the area, but, when it was expected that the college would be called the Darling Downs Institute of Technology, the name Darling Heights was preferred. In 1992, the institute it was renamed the University of Southern Queensland.
Darling Heights State School opened on 29 January 1980.
Demographics
In the , Darling Heights had a population of 5,192 people. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander people made up 3.9% of the population. 62.9% of people were born in Australia. The most common countries of birth were India 6.8% and Iraq 4.0%. 65.8% of people only spoke English at home. Other languages spoken at home included Arabic 5.4%, Telugu 2.7% and Mandarin 2.1%. The most common responses for religion were Catholic 20.2%, No Religion 18.6%, Anglican 11.8% and Islam 9.2%.
In the , Darling Heights had a population of 5,157 people.
Education
Darling Heights State School is a government primary (Prep-6) school for boys and girls at Wuth Street (). In 2017, the school had an enrolment of 690 students with 57 teachers (53 full-time equivalent) and 49 non-teaching staff (33 full-time equivalent). It includes a special education program and an intensive English language program.
There are no secondary schools in Darling Heights. The nearest government secondary school is Harristown State High School in neighbouring Harristown to the north.
The University of Southern Queensland is a campus in Darling Heights; it was the first campus developed for the university.
Public transport
Darling Heights is served by the Number 901 Toowoomba City Bus route, which winds through the suburb.
Additionally, the University of Southern Queensland acts as a major terminus, with services to the City, KMart Plaza and Clifford Gardens regularly 9:00am to 5:00pm Monday to Friday.
Despite the Queensland Rail line from Toowoomba to Drayton and southwards forming the western boundary of the suburb, there are no passenger rail services in this area.
Attractions
Ju Raku En Japanese Garden, a 4.5 hectare traditionally designed, Japanese stroll garden.
Darling Heights Post Office (at the USQ Campus on the ground floor of W Block)
Uni Plaza, a strip mall with a variety of specialist retailers, eateries and services. (Officially in Kearneys Spring as it is on the east side of West Street)
References
External links
Suburbs of Toowoomba
Localities in Queensland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Darling%20Heights%2C%20Queensland |
Bowery Electric was an American post-rock band, formed by Lawrence Chandler and Martha Schwendener in 1993.
History
Formed by Lawrence Chandler and Martha Schwendener in late 1993, Bowery Electric played their first show in New York City in January 1994. The band's debut double 7-inch single was recorded by Kramer and released by Hi-Fidelity Recordings in 1994. After listening to it, Kranky contacted the band.
The band's first album, Bowery Electric, was recorded by Michael Deming at Studio .45 in Hartford, Connecticut and released by Kranky in 1995. The album was included by Andrew Earles in his 2014 book, Gimme Indie Rock: 500 Essential American Underground Rock Albums 1981–1996. In 2016, Pitchfork named it the 36th best shoegaze album of all time.
In 1996, the band released an album, Beat. It includes a single, "Fear of Flying". In 2016, Beat was reissued on vinyl as a 20th anniversary edition by Kranky.
Vertigo, a remix album of tracks from Beat, was released in 1997. Vertigo featured a roster of artists including Third Eye Foundation, Robert Hampson, Witchman and others.
In 2000, the band released an album, Lushlife, which was recorded at Electric Sound. The album peaked at number 14 on the CMJ Top 200 chart and number 11 on the Core Radio chart.
They have not performed or released any recordings as Bowery Electric since.
Musical style
In the November 1995 issue of The Wire, Simon Reynolds listed Bowery Electric as one of the bands that are "a distinctively American post-rock".
Discography
Studio albums
Bowery Electric (Kranky, 1995)
Beat (Kranky, Beggars Banquet Records, 1996)
Lushlife (Beggars Banquet Records, 2000)
Remix albums
Vertigo (Beggars Banquet Records, 1997)
Singles
"Drop" (Hi-Fidelity Recordings, 1994)
"Fear of Flying" (Beggars Banquet Records, 1997)
"Without Stopping - Witchman Mix (Hell or High Water Dub)" (Beggars Banquet Records, 1997)
"Coming Down - Immersion Mix" (Beggars Banquet Records, 1997)
"Blow Up" (Happy Go Lucky, 1997)
"Floating World" (Beggars Banquet Records, 2000)
"Freedom Fighter" (Beggars Banquet Records, 2000)
See also
List of ambient music artists
References
External links
Musical groups from New York (state)
American post-rock groups
American shoegaze musical groups
Trip hop groups
Male–female musical duos
Musical groups established in 1993 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bowery%20Electric |
Sanaa International Airport is the primary international airport of Yemen located in Sanaa, the capital of Yemen. It services Sanaa City as well as the entire population of the Northern Provinces of Yemen. Initially, a small passenger terminal was built in the 1970s. The runway is shared with a large military base with several fighter jets and transport aircraft of the Yemeni Air Force.
Facilities
The airport has one 3,200-meter-long runway, an apron with 27 parking spaces, and a passenger terminal.
Operations
In 2007, the airport handled about 1.7 million passengers, representing 80% of all air passengers in Yemen and 87% of all international passengers. During that year, there were 38 flights per day on average.
Impact of war
Due to the Saudi Arabian-led intervention in Yemen, a no-fly zone has been imposed over the entire country, as of 28 March 2015, so civilian flights have ceased operation. The only flights operating from then on were flights by foreign countries to evacuate their nationals. The militaries of India and Pakistan evacuated their citizens from Yemen as the war began.
On 29 April 2015, the airport was the target of severe bombardment from the Royal Saudi Air Force. The only runway and the passenger terminal building have been severely damaged and are unusable for the foreseeable future. On 9 August 2016, the airport was closed down once again after resumption of services by Yemenia due to closure of airspace by the Saudi-led coalition.
On 6 November 2017, in response to a Houthi missile landing in Saudi Arabia, the Saudi authorities closed the airport along with all other routes into Yemen. On 14 November of that year, the Saudi Air Force bombed the airport, inflicting damage upon it. On 23 November 2017, the authorities allowed the airport to reopen for aid flights, along with the port of Hodeidah. On 25 November, four planes carrying humanitarian aid landed in Sana'a, the first such planes to land since the total blockade had been imposed.
On 3 February 2020, a United Nations plane carrying seven seriously ill Yemenis took off on a mercy flight to Jordan.
In December 2021, the airport was targeted by Saudi Arabian airstrikes. Civilians were reportedly evacuated before they were launched but the airport was heavily damaged.
On 16 May 2022, commercial flights from the airport resumed after six years. The first Yemenia flight carried 151 passengers to the Jordanian capital Amman.
Airlines and destinations
Accidents and incidents
On 14 September 1994, an Alymeda Boeing 737 flight from Aden to Sanaa, Yemen was hijacked by a man with a hand grenade. He reportedly demanded to be taken to Saudi Arabia. When the hijacker went into the flight deck, he was overpowered by security personnel who had entered the plane and was arrested.
On 30 October 2011, a shelling attack by opposition tribesmen on the neighbouring Air Force base damaged the airport's runway, forcing incoming flights to be diverted to Aden. There were no reports of casualties, although an ammunition storage and two fighter jets were destroyed.
On 21 November 2012, An Antonov 26 crashed in the abandoned Al-Hasaba Marketplace. Pilots saw that there was an engine which caught fire. The aircraft was operated by the Yemeni Air Force.
On 19 February 2013, A Yemeni Air Force fighter plane, Sukhoi Su-17 crashed on to a building shortly after taking off from Sanaa International Airport close to a busy road. The crash location was behind a local hospital. 18 people died and 16 were injured. Yemeni Air Force was concerned in the aftermath of two plane crashes.
On 23 June 2014, British citizen and pro-democracy campaigner Andargachew Tsige was controversially arrested at Sana'a airport and later extradited to Ethiopia.
On 26 March 2015, the Saudi Air Force bombed positions in Sanaa including the airport, in reaction to the 2014-15 Yemen coup d'etat.
See also
List of airports in Yemen
References
External links
Airports in Yemen
Airport | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sanaa%20International%20Airport |
John Keys may refer to:
John Caius (1510–1573), English physician and second founder of the present Gonville and Caius College, Cambridge
John Keys (organist) (born 1956), British organist
John W. Keys (1941–2008), Commissioner of the United States Bureau of Reclamation
See also
Johnnie Keyes (1940–2018), American pornographic actor
John Key (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Keys |
The Pitchfork Music Festival is an annual summer music festival organized by Pitchfork Media and held in Union Park in Chicago, Illinois. Starting in 2011, the festival announced a branch staged in Paris at Grande halle de la Villette. The festival, which is normally held over three days (Friday, Saturday and Sunday) in July, focuses primarily on artists and bands from the alternative rock, hip hop, electronic and dance music genres, although it has also ranged into hardcore punk, experimental rock and jazz in its lineups. While it started as a showcase for just the "cutting edge", it later took on a broader depth and vision, keeping the cutting-edge focus but also including important artists and acts that have influenced newer performers and artists. A branch planned for Berlin at Tempodrom in 2020 was cancelled.
In addition to music, the Pitchfork Festival also includes food, beverages, art, and gig posters from local, regional, and national vendors. The Pitchfork Festival also hosts a record fair that is organized and managed by CHIRP Radio, a Chicago community radio station.
Chicago
2023
The 2023 festival was held on July 21–23 at Union Park in Chicago. The headliners were The Smile, Big Thief, and Bon Iver.
2022
The 2022 festival was held on July 15–17 at Union Park in Chicago. The headliners were The National, Mitski and The Roots.
2021
The 2021 festival was held on September 10–12 at Union Park in Chicago. The edition was headlined by Erykah Badu, Phoebe Bridgers and St. Vincent.
2020
The 2020 Pitchfork Festival was cancelled due to the COVID-19 pandemic.
The artists and bands that were scheduled to perform at the 2020 festival are listed below. The headliners were scheduled to be the Yeah Yeah Yeahs, Run the Jewels, and The National.
Friday: Jehnny Beth, Deafheaven, Dehd, Fennesz, Femdot, The Fiery Furnaces, Hop Along, Kaina, Angel Olsen, Sophie, Spellling, Tim Hecker & the Konoyo Ensemble, Waxahatchee, and Yeah Yeah Yeahs
Saturday: BadBadNotGood, Boy Scouts, Danny Brown, Cat Power, Dave, Divino Niño, Ezra Collective, Margaux, Oso Oso, Run the Jewels, Thundercat, Twin Peaks, Sharon Van Etten, Tierra Whack
Sunday: Big Thief, Phoebe Bridgers, DJ Nate, Dogleg, Dustin Laurenzi's Snaketime, Kim Gordon, The Hecks, Mariah the Scientist, Maxo Kream, The National, Caroline Polachek, Rapsody, Faye Webster, Yaeji
2019
The 2019 festival was held July 19–21 at Union Park in Chicago. The headliners were Haim, The Isley Brothers, and Robyn.
2018
The 2018 festival was held July 20–22 at Union Park in Chicago. The headliners were Tame Impala, Fleet Foxes, and Ms. Lauryn Hill.
2017
The 2017 festival was held July 14–16 at Union Park in Chicago. The headliners were LCD Soundsystem, A Tribe Called Quest, and Solange.
2016
The 2016 Pitchfork Music Festival took place on July 15–17 at Union Park in Chicago.
2015
The 2015 Pitchfork Music Festival was held on July 17–19 at Union Park in Chicago. The event's headliners were Wilco, Sleater-Kinney, and Chance the Rapper.
2014
The 2014 Pitchfork Music Festival was held on July 18–20 at Union Park in Chicago. The event's headliners were Beck, Neutral Milk Hotel, and Kendrick Lamar. Three-day passes for the festival sold out by the beginning of April.
2013
The 2013 Pitchfork Music Festival was held on July 19–21 at Union Park in Chicago. The event's headliners were Björk, Belle & Sebastian, and R. Kelly.
2012
The 2012 Pitchfork Music Festival was held on July 13–15 at Union Park in Chicago. Three day passes went on sale March 9 and sold out by the end of the month. The headliners were Feist, Godspeed You! Black Emperor, and Vampire Weekend.
2011
The 2011 Pitchfork Music Festival was held on July 15–17 at Union Park. Three-day passes for the event sold out in one day. The festival was headlined by Animal Collective, Fleet Foxes and TV on the Radio.
2010
The fifth annual Pitchfork Music Festival was held on July 16–18 at Union Park. Three-day passes for the festival sold out in under a week. 2010 marked the first and only year that the festival included a stand-up comedy stage.
2009
The 2009 Pitchfork Music Festival was held July 17–19, 2009. On Friday night all of the performing bands played sets consisting of songs voted for online by ticket-holders in an event Pitchfork called "Write the Night: Set Lists by Request."
2008
The 2008 Pitchfork Music Festival was held July 18–20, 2008. Three-day passes for the event sold out in May. On Friday night the promotion company All Tomorrow's Parties again collaborated with Pitchfork to present a "Don't Look Back" stage, on which all of the evening's bands performed one of their classic albums in its entirety.
2007
The 2007 Pitchfork Music Festival was held on July 13–15, 2007, again in Union Park. The festival was sold out with 48,000 visitors.
2006
The 2006 Pitchfork Music Festival was the first festival organized and run entirely by Pitchfork Media. This was also the only year that the Pitchfork and Intonation Music Festivals were held in the same year. The 2006 Pitchfork festival drew more than 35,000 visitors to listen to 41 bands on July 29 and 30.
2005 Intonation Music Festival
In 2005 Pitchfork Media was hired by a music promotion company called Skyline Chicago to curate the Intonation Festival at Union Park in Chicago. While this was not technically the "Pitchfork Music Festival," because of Pitchfork Media's prominent role in the event as well as its future success in staging similar festivals at the same location, many Chicagoans and music fans consider the 2005 event to be for all intents and purposes the first Pitchfork festival and refer to it by that name.
The event's featured performers included Tortoise, The Wrens, The Decemberists, The Go! Team, Les Savy Fav, Broken Social Scene, Andrew Bird, and The Hold Steady.
Paris
2022
The 2022 Paris festival was held on 14 to 21 November 2022. The festival was held over fourteen venues around Paris, including Badaboum, Carbone Club, La Boule Noire, La Place, Les Disquaires, Quartier de Bastille, Supersonic Records, Le Café de la Danse, Church of Saint-Eustache, La Gaîté Lyrique, Le Consulat, POPUP! and Supersonic.
Monday, 14 November
Le Café de la Danse: Jordana, MICHELLE, TV Girl
La Gaîté Lyrique: O., DEADLETTER, Black Country, New Road
Tuesday, 15 November
La Gaîté Lyrique: TV Priest, Nation of Language, Porridge Radio
Wednesday, 16 November
La Gaîté Lyrique: NNAMDÏ, Falle Nioke, The Comet Is Coming
La Place: Nemzzz, thaHomey, 8ruki
Thursday, 17 November
La Place: Sadandsolo, Yaya Bey, Knucks
Le Consulat: SUPER!, Sierra mgmt, Le Grenier
Friday, 18 November
Le Café de la Danse: Dréya Mac, Sam Wise, Sudan Archives
POPUP!: Luna Li, piri & tommy, They Hate Change
Supersonic: Regressive Left, L'objectif, The Goa Express
Supersonic Records: Prima Queen, Ethan P. Flynn
Badaboum: John Glacier, Yeule, Nia Archives
Les Disquaires: Sister Ray, Sarah Kinsley, Charlie Hickey
Saturday, 19 November
Le Café de la Danse: Astrønne, Léa Sen, Dua Saleh
POPUP!: Nukuluk, Grove, Yune Pinku
Supersonic: CMAT, Romero, VLURE
Supersonic Records: Johanna Warren, Mandy Indiana
Badaboum: Sans Soucis, Jeshi, Pip Millett
Les Disquaires: flowerovlove, Grace Ives, Gretel Hänlyn
Le Consulat: HSRS, Damlif
Sunday, 20 November
La Boule Noire: Okay Kaya
Le Consulat: JÜDE, Astrønne, NKA
Monday, 21 November
Church of St. Eustache: Arooj Aftab
2021
The 2021 Paris festival was held on 15 to 21 November 2021. The festival was held in ten venues across Paris, including Salle Pleyel, Bataclan, La Gaîté Lyrique, and Church of St. Eustache.
Monday, 15 November
Church of Saint Eustache: Bobby Gillespie & Jehnny Beth
Tuesday, 16 November
La Gaîté Lyrique: Shygirl, Alewya, Denise Chaila
Wednesday, 17 November
La Gaîté Lyrique: Charlotte Adigéry & Bolis Pupul, Amaarae, Hope Tala
Thursday, 18 November
Bataclan: Sons of Kemet, Nubya Garcia, cktrl
Friday, 19 November
Le Café de la Danse: Cassandra Jenkins, Lael Neale, Gabriels
POPUP!: Kai Kwasi, Sloppy Jane, Erika de Casier
Badaboum: KeiyaA, Claud, Godford
Badaboum After Party: Denis Sulta, Sofia Kourtesis, TSHA
Les Disquaires: Miso Extra, Elliott Armen
Supersonic Records: Kynsy, NewDad, TV Priest
Supersonic: Talk Show, Molly Payton, Wet Leg
Saturday, 20 November
Le Café de la Danse: Elliott Armen, Faux Real, En Attendant Ana
POPUP!: ML Buch, Kamal., Berwyn
Badaboum: Kam-BU, L'Rain, ENNY
Badaboum After Party: India Jordan, Josey Rebelle, Marina Trench
Les Disquaires: Kathleen Frances, Fabiana Palladino
Supersonic Records: H. Hawkline, Yard Act
Supersonic: Lime Garden, Choses Sauvages, Katy J Pearson
Sunday, 21 November
Salle Pleyel: Sébastien Tellier, Muddy Monk
2019
The 2019 Paris festival was held on October 31, November 1–2. The headliners are Skepta, The 1975, Chromatics, Belle and Sebastian, Mura Masa, Hamza and Charli XCX.
Grande Halle
Thursday: Ezra Collective, Mura Masa, Hamza, Skepta
Friday: Desire, Primal Scream, Chromatics, Belle and Sebastian
Saturday: Jamila Woods, Charli XCX, The 1975, SebastiAn
Nef
Thursday: Kojaque, slowthai, Flohio, Ateyaba, Zola
Friday: Barrie, Nilüfer Yanya, Weyes Blood, John Talabot
Saturday: Caroline Polachek, Aurora, Agar Agar, 2ManyDj's
Petite Halle
Thursday: sean, Master Peace, Retro X, Yussef Dayes
Friday: Loving, Sons of Raphael, Squid, Sheer Mag, CHAI
Saturday: Mk.gee, Aeris Roves, KadhyaK, Kedr Livanskiy
Studio
Thursday: duendita, Charlotte Dos Santos, Rachel Chinouriri, Kojey Radical, The Comet Is Coming
Friday: Briston Maroney, Nelson Beer, Jackie Mendoza, Orville Peck, Helado Negro
Saturday: Korantemaa, Jessica Pratt, BEA1991, oklou, Ela Minus
2018
The 2018 Paris festival was held on November 1–3. The headliners were Bon Iver, Kaytranada and Mac DeMarco. Pitchfork also hosted Avant-Garde, a block party held on October 30 and 31.
Thursday: New Optimism (Miho Hatori), Cola Boyy, Rolling Blackouts Coastal Fever, Yellow Days, John Maus, Étienne Daho, The Voidz, Mac DeMarco
Friday: Boy Pablo, Tirzah, Dream Wife, Lewis OfMan, Car Seat Headrest, Chromeo, Bagarre, Chvrches, Blood Orange, Kaytranada
Saturday: Michael Rault, Muddy Monk, Snail Mail, Stephen Malkmus and the Jicks, Unknown Mortal Orchestra, Bon Iver, Jeremy Underground, DJ Koze, Peggy Gou, Avalon Emerson, Daniel Avery
Avant-Garde
Cafe de la Danse
Tuesday: Lauren Auder, IDER, Let's Eat Grandma
Wednesday: Naaz, Kelsey Lu, Cautious Clay
Badaboum
Tuesday: Kiran Kai, Rimon, JPEGMafia, Jimothy Lacoste
Wednesday: Etta Bond, Biig Piig, Kojey Radical, Slowthai
Reservoir
Tuesday: Weakened Friends, Holiday Sidewinder, Alaskalaska
Wednesday: Black Midi, Mint Field, Sasami
La Chapelle des Lombards
Tuesday: Sam Evian, Jack Grace, Stella Donnelly
Wednesday: Helena Deland, Gold Star, Honey Harper
Pan Pier
Tuesday: Wicca Phase Springs Eternal, Mellah, Westerman, Apollo Noir
Wednesday: Palm, Anemone, O-Olivier Marguerit, Trevor Powers
Supersonic
Tuesday: Hop Along, Starchild and the new Romantics, Crumb
Wednesday: Madison McFerrin, Hatchie, Yuno
PopUp!
Tuesday: Khadyak, Grand Pax, Jockstrap
Wednesday: Suzi Wu, Buzzy Lee, Anaïs
2017
The 2017 Paris festival was held on November 2–4. The headliners were The National, Jungle and Run the Jewels. Pitchfork also hosted Avant-Garde, a block party held on October 31 and November 1.
Thursday: Ethan Lipton & His Orchestra, Moses Sumney, This Is the Kit, Chassol, Rone, Ride, Kevin Morby, The National
Friday: HMLTD, Cigarettes After Sex, Tommy Genesis, Sylvan Esso, Andy Shauf, Isaac Delusion, Rejjie Snow, Kamasi Washington, Polo & Pan, Jungle
Saturday: Sigrid, Songe, Tom Misch, Loyle Carner, Jacques, BadBadNotGood, Princess Nokia, Run the Jewels, The Blaze, Bicep, The Black Madonna, Talaboman
Avant-Garde
Mécanique Ondulatoire
Tuesday: NOLIFE, Sorry, Bryan's Magic Treats
Wednesday: Bad Nerves, The Pale White, Priests
Café de la Danse
Tuesday: Isaac Gracie, (Sandy) Alex G, Big Thief
Wednesday: Rostam, Nick Hakim, Noga Erez
Badaboum
Tuesday: Mavi Phoenix, Obongjayar, A2, Benny Mails
Wednesday: Sälen, Oklou, Jamila Woods, Hundred Waters
La Loge
Tuesday: Korey Dane, Leif Vollebekk, Julie Byrne
Wednesday: Matt Maltese, Angelo De Augustine, Wovoka Gentle
Pop Up Du Label
Tuesday: K Á R Y Y N, Lido Pimienta, Tennyson
Wednesday: Soleil Vert, Pauli, Oko Ebombo
Pan Piper
Tuesday: Ary, SuperParka, Malca, You Man
Wednesday: Ama Lou, Triplego, Hare Squead, Ray BLK
Supersonic
Tuesday: Puma Blue, Yellow Days, Pinegrove
Wednesday: Silly Boy Blue, Yowl, Vagabon
2016
The 2016 Paris festival was held on October 27–29. The headliners were Nick Murphy FKA Chet Faker, Moderat and M.I.A.
Thursday: Aldous RH, Lucy Dacus, Parquet Courts, Suuns, Floating Points, DJ Shadow, Mount Kimbie, Nick Murphy FKA Chet Faker
Friday: C Duncan, Porches, Brandt Brauer Frick, Flavien Berger, Explosions in the Sky, Bat for Lashes, Todd Terje & the Olsens, Moderat
Saturday: Joey Purp, Bonzai, Whitney, Shame, Minor Victories, Warpaint, Abra, M.I.A., Acid Arab, Motor City Drum Ensemble, Daphni, Tale of Us
Avant-Garde
Café de la Danse
Tuesday: Krrum, Loyle Carner, Frances
Wednesday: Robbing Millions, Adia Victoria, Thom Sonny Green
Badaboum
Tuesday: Nilüfer Yanya, Mabel, Fickle Friends
Wednesday: Skott, Jordan Rakei, Requin Chagrin
Mécanique Ondulatoire
Tuesday: Get Inuit, Hoops, Anteros
Wednesday: Lucy Dacus, Communions, Cherry Glazerr
Supersonic
Tuesday: Klangstof, Smerz, Alex Cameron
Wednesday: Fhin, Dark0, Kenton Slash Demon
Pop-Up du Label
Tuesday: Alfie Connor, Connie Constance, Cleopold
Wednesday: Pi Ja Ma, Beaty Heart, Isaac Gracie
La Loge
Tuesday: Faroe, Cameron A G, Okay Kaya
Wednesday: Alyss, Anna of the North, Kaitlyn Aurelia Smith
Café de la Presse
Tuesday: Manast LL', Kweku Collins, Jones
Wednesday: Salute, Tirzah, Tommy Genesis
Pitchfork & RBMA After Parties
Thursday: Malibu, River Tiber, Jessy Lanza, Clams Casino, Ryan Hemsworth
Friday: Lamusa, Dollkraut DJ, Jacques, Pangaea, Bambounou
2015
The 2015 Paris festival was held on October 29–31. The headliners were Thom Yorke - Tomorrow's Modern Boxes, Beach House and Ratatat.
Thursday: Hælos, Kirin J. Callinan, Destroyer, Ariel Pink, Godspeed You! Black Emperor, Deerhunter, Beach House
Friday: Dornik, Rome Fortune, Health, Rhye, Kurt Vile & The Violators, Battles, Thom Yorke - Tomorrow's Modern Boxes, Four Tet
Saturday: Hinds, Curtis Harding, Nao, Father John Misty, Unknown Mortal Orchestra, Run the Jewels, Spiritualized, Ratatat, Hudson Mohawke, John Talabot b2b Roman Flügel, Laurent Garnier
Opening Night (Tuesday)
Café de la Danse: Børns, Empress Of, LA Priest
Badaboum: SG Lewis, Moses Sumney, Mura Masa, DJ Allie Teilz
Mécanique Ondulatoire: Mild High Club, Bully, Speedy Ortiz
RBMA presents Pitchfork After Party #1 at Trabendo
Thursday: Rustie, Nosaj Thing, two, Gilligan Moss, Jade Statues, John Pope, Keight
Friday: Omar S, Galcher Lustwerk, Andre Bratten, Cosmo, k2k
2014
The 2014 Paris festival was held on October 30–31 and November 1. The headliners were Belle & Sebastian, Caribou and James Blake.
Thursday: Ought, How to Dress Well, The Notwist, The War on Drugs, Mogwai, Jon Hopkins, James Blake
Friday: Perfect Pussy, D.D Dumbo, Son Lux, Future Islands, MØ, Chvrches, St. Vincent, Belle & Sebastian
Saturday: Jessy Lanza, Charlotte OC, Tobias Jesso Jr., Kwamie Liv, Movement, Foxygen, tUnE-yArDs, José González, Jungle, Caribou, Four Tet, Jamie xx, Kaytranada
Opening Party
Wednesday: Kindness, Kelela, All We Are, Shura
After Party
Thursday: Joy Orbison, Martyn, Ryan Elliott, Felix
Friday: Lunice, Fatima Al Qadiri, Sophie, Tourist, Douchka
2013
The 2013 Paris festival was held on October 31 and November 1–2. The headliners were The Knife, Hot Chip and Disclosure.
Thursday: Only Real, Iceage, Blood Orange, No Age, Mac DeMarco, Savages, Mount Kimbie, Darkside, The Haxan Cloak, The Knife
Friday: Petit Fantôme, Deafheaven, Jagwar Ma, Warpaint, Colin Stetson, Junip, Ariel Pink, Connan Mockasin, Danny Brown, Disclosure
Saturday: Empress Of, Pegase, Majical Cloudz, Sky Ferreira, Youth Lagoon, Baths, Omar Souleyman, Yo La Tengo, Panda Bear, Hot Chip, Glass Candy, Todd Terje, A-Trak
Opening Night
Wednesday: Julianna Barwick, The Dodos, Jackson Scott, Forest Swords
After Party
Thursday: John Talabot, Pional, Genius of Time, Evans
Friday: Jon Hopkins, Jacques Greene, Evian Christ, Kuage, Sundae
2012
The 2012 Paris festival was held on November 1–3. The headliners were M83, Animal Collective and Grizzly Bear.
Thursday: How to Dress Well, AlunaGeorge, DIIV, Factory Floor, Japandroids, Chairlift, John Talabot, Sébastien Tellier, James Blake, M83
Friday: Outfit, Ratking, Jessie Ware, Wild Nothing, The Tallest Man on Earth, The Walkmen, Chromatics, Robyn, Fuck Buttons, Animal Collective
Saturday: Isaac Delusion, Cloud Nothings, Purity Ring, Twin Shadow, Liars, Death Grips, Breton, Grizzly Bear, Disclosure, Totally Enormous Extinct Dinosaurs, Rustie, Simian Mobile Disco, Julio Bashmore
2011
The 2011 Paris festival was held on October 28–29. The headliners were Bon Iver and Aphex Twin.
Friday: Team Ghost, Fucked Up, Real Estate, Washed Out, Wild Beasts, Mondkopf, Aphex Twin, Pantha du Prince, Cut Copy, Four Tet, Erol Alkan
Saturday: Rosebuds, Kathleen Edwards, Stornoway, Jens Lekman, Lykke Li, Bon Iver
London
2023
The 2023 edition was announced April 24 with dates set for November 7–13. The initial selection of the lineup announced included Weyes Blood, Yaeji, Sleater-Kinney, Helado Negro, the live debut of Jonny Greenwood and Dudu Tassa's new duo collaboration, U.S. Girls, Mavi, Crumb, Jessy Lanza, Porridge Radio, Sorry, Ryoji Ikeda, Alabaster DePlume, Wednesday, Youth Lagoon, Water from Your Eyes, Just Mustard, Barrie, Fly Anakin, Deeper, Porches, Gurriers, Pearl and the Oysters, Been Stellar, Lutalo, Eee Gee, Fazerdaze, and McKinley Dixon.
2022
The 2022 London festival was held on 9 to 12 November.
Wednesday, 9 November
Fabric: Desire, Club Intl, Glüme
Village Underground: Lil Silva, Ivy Sole, Jeshi, Feux
EartH Theatre: Coby Sey, Moin, bar italia
ICA: Black Country, New Road, O.
Thursday, 10 November
Fabric: George Clanton, Neggy Gemmy, Death's Dynamic Shroud
Oval Space: Injury Reserve, Billy Woods, They Hate Change, Nukuluk
Islington Assembly Hall: Faye Webster, MICHELLE, Jordana
Paper Dress Vintage: M FIELD, Elanor Moss, Clara Mann
Oslo: Julien Chang, EKKSTACY, Hannah Jadagu
Friday, 11 November
EartH Theatre: William Basinski, Jenny Hval, Lyra Pramuk, Lucinda Chua
EartH Hall: Special Interest, Guerilla Toss, NNAMDï, Marina Herlop
St Matthias Church: Indigo Sparke, KAINA, Charlie Hickey, Johanna Warren
Shacklewell Arms: Romero, Sister Ray, Wild Pink, Lala Lala
Saturday, 12 November
EartH Hall: Danny L Harle's Harlecore (Gammer, Cryalot, Torus, Cloudo)
60 Dock Road – Room 1: I. JORDAN B2B LCY
60 Dock Road – Room 2: CHIYU, Melati, DJ Tusap, Lumi, Ar, wardrobefanatic
Colour Factory: Okay Kaya, Yaya Bey, Goya Gumbani
Sunday, 13 November
Roundhouse: Courtney Barnett, Cate Le Bon, DEHD, Samia, Big Joanie, Léa Sen, Fake Fruit, Gretel Hänlyn
The Albany: Kae Tempest
2021
Pitchfork Music Festival London made its debut in 2021 on 10–14 November. The festival was held in twelve venues across London.
Wednesday
Village Underground: Mykki Blanco, Charlotte Adigéry & Bolis Pupul, TYSON
Fabric: Anna Meredith, PVA, Grove
Earth Theatre: Bobby Gillespie & Jehnny Beth, Art School Girlfriend
Thursday
Earth Theatre: Bobby Gillespie & Jehnny Beth, Cassandra Jenkins, Natalie Bergman
Fire: PC Music "Love Goes On" (Hannah Diamond, Namasenda, Caro<3, Felicita, Easyfun, Umru, KKB Soundsystem, Mowalola)
Fabric: Giant Swan, Eartheater, DJ Winggold
Friday
Southbank Centre: Black Midi, Moor Mother
Oslo: Denise Chaila, Lex Amor, Carla Prata
Moth Club: Iceage, deathcrash, The Umlauts
Oval Space: Remi Wolf, Gabriels, Joviale
Saturday
Oval Space / Canvas / Pickle Factory: Tirzah, Koreless, Good Sad Happy Bad, Lucinda Chua, Nabihah Iqbal, Kareem Ali, L'Rain, Harvey Causon, Haich Ber Na, Tiberius B
Hackney Church: Moses Boyd, Nilüfer Yanya, Emma-Jean Thackray, cktrl
Sunday
The Roundhouse: Stereolab, Girl Band, Beak>, Ana Roxanne, Folly Group, Martha Skye Murphy, Kynsy
Berlin
2022
The inaugural edition of Pitchfork Music Festival Berlin was held on 4 to 6 November 2022.
Friday, 4 November
Columbia Theater: Nation of Language, Fake Fruit, Luna Li
silent green / Betonhalle: I. JORDAN, Lyzza, HAWA
Zenner: Desire, Club Intl., Mothermary
Saturday, 5 November
Festsaal Kreuzberg: Squid, Dehd, Okay Kaya
silent green / Betonhalle: Black Midi, Crack Cloud, Guerilla Toss
Sunday, 6 November
Metropol: The Comet Is Coming, Ivy Sole, Loshh
Zenner: Blawan Live A/V featuring Bernhard Holaschke, aya
silent green / Kuppelhalle: yeule, Oli XL
2020
The inaugural edition of Pitchfork Music Festival Berlin was to be held on 8–9 May 2020, but was cancelled. The headliners were going to be Lianne La Havas and Modeselektor.
Friday: Lianne La Havas, Soap&Skin, Brandt Brauer Frick, Nadine Shah, Nick Hakim, Celeste, Ilgen-Nur, Oum Shatt, duendita, Okay Kaya
Saturday: Modeselektor , HVOB , Tim Hecker, John Talabot , Kelly Lee Owens, DJ Spinn B2B RP Boo, rRoxymore , Peaking Lights, BLVTH, Lary
Mexico City
The first edition of Pitchfork Music Festival held in Mexico City was announced on October 16, 2023, with dates set for March 6–9, 2024. The lineup is yet to be announced.
References
External links
(Chicago)
(Paris)
(Berlin)
Cokemachineglow 4-part coverage
Pitchfork TV has many past performances from 2007 and 2008 Pitchfork Music Festivals
Gigposters Gigposter's page of Pitchfork Music Festival's concert posters
Riverfront Times coverage of Pitchfork Music Festival 2008
Music festivals established in 2006
Rock festivals in the United States
Music festivals in Chicago
Electronic music festivals in the United States
2006 establishments in Illinois
Indie rock festivals
Magazine festivals | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pitchfork%20Music%20Festival |
Haruo Ignacio Remeliik (1 June 1933 – 30 June 1985) was the first President of Palau from 2 March 1981 until his assassination on 30 June 1985. He is buried at Kloulklubed in his home state of Peleliu. Remeliik was of mixed Japanese and Palauan descent.
Early life
Remeliik studied priesthood in Truk. Later he returned to Palau and became an associate judge. In 1968, he won a seat in Palau legislature and became vice speaker. In 1970 he was appointed as deputy district administrator for the Palau district of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands. In 1978 he became a member and later also president of the constitutional convention. In 1980, he was elected as the first President of Palau, and he won re-election in 1984.
Death
Remeliik's killers remain unknown. Remeliik was shot in the driveway of his home by an unidentified gunman. Six months after the killing, two relatives of Roman Tmetuchl and another man were arrested in connection to the killing; however, they were later released. In March 2000, former presidential candidate and convicted felon John O. Ngiraked claimed responsibility for the conspiracy to kill Remeliik.
Allegations of CIA involvement
There have been persistent allegations that Remeliik was killed by the CIA due to his firm anti-nuclear stance.
See also
List of unsolved murders
References
External links
1933 births
1985 deaths
Assassinated heads of government
Assassinated Palauan politicians
Burials in Palau
Deaths by firearm in Palau
Male murder victims
Palauan politicians of Japanese descent
People from Peleliu
People murdered in Palau
Presidents of Palau
Unsolved murders in Palau
20th-century Palauan politicians
Assassinated heads of state in Oceania
1980s assassinated politicians
20th-century assassinated national presidents | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Haruo%20Remeliik |
Charles Anthony Wolf (May 7, 1926 – November 26, 2022) was an American professional basketball coach. He coached two National Basketball Association (NBA) teams: the Cincinnati Royals from 1960 through 1963 and the Detroit Pistons from 1963 through 1964.
While living in Fort Thomas, Kentucky, Wolf graduated from St. Xavier High School in Cincinnati in 1944 and from Xavier University. He coached basketball at Villa Madonna College (now Thomas More University) before becoming an NBA coach.
Wolf died on November 26, 2022, at the age of 96. He had six sons, including Steve Wolf, a college basketball analyst for CBS Sports Network. His grandson J. J. Wolf is a professional tennis player.
References
External links
BasketballReference.com: Charles Wolf
1926 births
2022 deaths
American men's basketball coaches
American men's basketball players
Basketball coaches from Kentucky
Basketball players from Kentucky
Cincinnati Royals head coaches
College men's basketball head coaches in the United States
Detroit Pistons head coaches
Notre Dame Fighting Irish men's basketball players
People from Fort Thomas, Kentucky
Sportspeople from the Cincinnati metropolitan area
St. Xavier High School (Ohio) alumni
Thomas More Saints men's basketball coaches
Xavier University alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Charles%20Wolf%20%28basketball%29 |
Fossil Ridge High School (FRHS) is an American public high school located in northeast Fort Worth, Texas. It is the second high school inside the Keller Independent School District. Most nearby schools such as Fossil Hill Middle School and Vista Ridge Middle School graduates feed into Fossil Ridge.
According to U.S. News & World Report, Fossil Ridge High School is ranked at #1,473 as one of the highest ranked high schools in the United States. In Texas, it is ranked at #142 as one of the highest ranked schools and was certified Silver.
Athletics
Football
Fossil Ridge currently has two freshman teams, one junior varsity team, and a varsity team. The teams play at the Keller Sports Complex.
In 2005, Fossil Ridge went back to the playoffs for the first time since the 2002 season. Beginning with the 2014–2015 school year, Fossil Ridge has been reclassified to 6A.
Other sports offered at Fossil Ridge include basketball, baseball, softball, track and field, wrestling, power lifting, volleyball, tennis, golf, basketball, soccer, swimming and diving, bowling, rodeo, cross country, and ice hockey (district-wide team).
Extracurricular activities
The school's extracurricular choices include: Math Club, Uil Academic Teams, Chess Club, Academic Decathlon, Health Occupations Students of America, Business Professionals of America, College Bound, Fellowship of Christian Athletes, Forensics and Debate, Media Technology (formerly Broadcast Journalism) ("Ridge TV", formerly "Fossil Ridge Live"), Yearbook ("Impressions"), Spirit Team ("Stray Cats"), Gymnastics Team, Drill Team ("Sun Dancers"), Keller ISD JROTC, Art, Photography, Ready, Set, Teach (a course directed towards recruiting future educators), Literary Journalism ("The R", formerly "The Panther Times"), Choir, Panther Jazz Ensemble, Theatre ("Theatre at the Ridge"), Cheerleading, Student Council, Band & Colorguard ("Panther Regiment"), and an array of subject-specific clubs (e.g. Spanish Club), National Honor Society, Rembrandt Society, National Art Honor Society, Anime Club, Uno Club
Theatre
2006 - UIL One Act Play 'The Angelina Project' is awarded Second Runner Up at the State Meet.
2007 - UIL One Act Play 'Gint' advances to the Regional Meet and is awarded Alternate.
2008 - UIL One Act Play 'Eurydice' is awarded Best Actress and First Runner Up at the State Meet.
2010 - UIL One Act Play 'The Shadow Box' participated in the state meet. Received multiple acting awards.
JROTC
Fossil Ridge currently has an AFJROTC program. However, the program takes place at Central High School, a neighboring school in the KISD. The program consists of participants from all 4 KISD high schools.
Marching band and color guard
The Fossil Ridge Panther Regiment is a marching band and color guard.
The 2006 Senior Class received over $4.4 million in scholarship offers.
The Panther Regiment has made back-to-back appearances in the 2007 4A and 2008 5A State Marching Band Contests.
Notable alumni
Ali Alexander
Chris Boswell
Sheldon Neuse
Debby Ryan
References
External links
Official School Website
Fossil Ridge Panther Regiment
Keller ISD JROTC official website
DFWVarsity.com
Educational institutions established in 1995
Public high schools in Fort Worth, Texas
Keller Independent School District high schools
School buildings completed in 1998
Public high schools in Texas
1995 establishments in Texas | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossil%20Ridge%20High%20School%20%28Fort%20Worth%2C%20Texas%29 |
Meltem Cumbul (born 5 November 1969) is a Turkish actress and TV personality.
Biography
Meltem Cumbul's career encompasses 16 feature films including Berlinale Golden Bear winner Head-On movie, 6 TV serials including
Yılan Hikayesi, at one time the most successful and the most viewed TV series in Turkey, as well as plays and musicals including Smokey Joe's Cafe and Taming of the Shrew. She has played the role of Fatma Sultan in the historical drama Muhteşem Yüzyıl.
She has also received awards from and participated on juries at many national and international awards at the festivals like Palm Springs, Queens, Ankara, and Antalya Golden Orange Film Festivals. Currently, Meltem Cumbul is teaching the acting method of Eric Morris, whom she studied with in Los Angeles for 3 years starting in 2005, at the Mimiar Sinan State Conservatory where she graduated from.
Credits
Talk shows
1993 Rifle King Kong Show, Kanal 6
1994 Nereden Başlasak Nasıl Anlatsak, Kanal D
1995 Kolaysa Sen de Gel, ATV
1997 Meltem Cumbul Show, Kanal 6
Music
1999 "Seninleyim" (single) (NR1 Müzik)
See also
List of Eurovision Song Contest presenters
Notes
References
Biyografi.info – Biography of Meltem Cumbul
External links
Personal website
1969 births
Actresses from İzmir
Turkish people of Circassian descent
Living people
Turkish film actresses
Best Actress Golden Orange Award winners
20th-century Turkish actresses | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Meltem%20Cumbul |
Ghost Style (born Brandon Ho 1973 in Montreal, Quebec, Canada) is a Canadian rapper, producer and actor based in Hong Kong. He is credited with releasing the first English language rap album in Hong Kong (Ghost Style's Alias, 2002). He followed up with two other English rap albums (Supathugz' How Deep Is Yo Love in 2004 and Ghost Style's Message Is Complete, 2005).
Career
Ghost Style started his career as the frontman for a Hong Kong local band called "Site Access." They are known for bringing out an original sound Alternative Groove Funk. The band decided to take a break in 2003 and that's when Ghost Style started his solo career.
His first major work as rapper/producer was for Cantopop star Eason Chan. In 2001, Ghost Style was invited to remix one of Chan's songs for a remix project Mixed Up. At the same time Ghost Style met international dance music producer Dan F (Disuye). At that time Dan F was creating breakbeat tracks and both collaborated on the remix. Dan F who won two Breakbeat Awards in the UK, would be Ghost Style's collaborator on 2002 release Alias and Ghost Style's 2005 release Message Is Complete. Ghost Style was the voice talent in the 2005 movie soundtrack release Initial D.
Ghost Style had formed a project label called Rebel Studio (now defunct). The producer is giving back by supporting local talents and other urban events in Hong Kong. In Summer 2006, while out on the weekend Ghost Style bumped into Hong Kong actor/celebrity Conroy Chan. Conroy suggested to form a group consisting of six members; Eddie Chung (drum music), Brian Siswojo (designer for street fashion label Know1edge, 8five2 Shop owner), Kit & Phat (from Hong Kong legendary crew LMF), Ghost Style and himself. GS thought this would be a great collaboration and "24HERBS" was formed.
Since 2006, Ghost Style has worked with 24Herbs. Ghost Style is both a rapper and one of the producers in the crew. Their album released on 24 January 2008 at the Causeway Bay Delay No Mall Hong Kong. Ghost Style helped pen hits such as "Superstar", "Jiu Jo" and "Chillin & Blazin". 24Herbs won an award for Hong Kong best new song on January 1, 2009. "Jiu Jo" was also featured on Nike Skateboard website.
Discography
Albums
Site Access Slow Jam LP, 2000
Ghost Style Alias LP, 2002
Site Access Funk Fu LP, 2003
Supathugz How Deep Is Yo Love LP, 2003
Supathugz So Hot It Hertz LP, 2004
Ghost Style Message Is Complete LP, 2005
LY.S O1 Mash up live recording The Darlings + Ghost Style LP, 2007
24HERBS 24HERBS Double-Disc LP, 2008
Ghost Style "Quantum Beats and Alien Bloodlines" instrumental, 2010
24HERBS Bring it On CD+DVD, 2011
Ghost Style GeeStyles Collabo EP Digital Download, 2011
Productions
CR2 Tribute to Beyond Paradise, 1999
Videodrome Make You Die Slowly, 2001
MCB Music for Your Beautiful Boy In the Land of The Ice and Snow, 2001
Alok's Wahoo! Future Moon Slay, 2002
FAMA F.A.M.A., 2002
MC Su Trip , 2004
Alok's 31 Minutes to Midnight Dead Poet's Society, 2005
5th Element Compilation What's Going On, 2005
Jan Lamb's 30something First Romance, 2005
MC Su Pills & Permit , 2006
Jan Lamb's 30something World is Strange, 2008
24Herbs Chillin' & Blazin''', 2008
24Herbs "Jiu Jo", 2008
24Herbs "Crazy Night", 2008
24Herbs "Keepin' It Raw", 2008
Ghost Style feat. Maggie Hou Love Affair, 2010
Ghost Style X Green Robot Up Down Girl, 2010
Ghost Style x Green Robot "Giant F*ckin' Robot" 2011
Ghost Style x DJ Jay Weezy "The Brighter Side", 2011
Ghost Style "Beat Bang Baby", 2011
24Herbs "Fashionista", 2011
24Herbs "Rock As One", 2011
24Herbs "Perfect", 2011
24Herbs "Hu Ge", 2011
Edmond Leung "Big Man" ft. 24Herbs, 2012
Feature
Alok "Future Moon Slay" ft. Ghost Style, 2002
Alok "Dead Poet’s Society" ft. Ghost Style, 2005
Paul Wong "Let's Fight" ft. Ghost Style, 2009
Sammi Cheng 鄭秀文 "Forgiveness (Eng. Version)" ft. 24Herbs' Ghost Style, Drunk, JBS, 2009
85up2 Mixtape ""So Far To Go"" ft. Ghost Style, 2009
24Herbs Bring It On ""Chillax"" ft. Ghost Style, Soft Lipa 蛋堡, 2010
24Herbs Bring It On ""Why Can't U"" ft. Ghost Style, 2010
Niki Chow - Zui Hou Dao Shu featuring Ghost Style, 2010
Khalil Fong "张永成 (Cheung Wing Sing)" ft. Ghost Style, 2011
Paul Wong "這個荒唐無聊盲目的世界" ft. Ghost Style, Phat, Kit, JBS, 2012
MastaMic Justice Is What IRap For Mixtape ""仇富不仁(Justice Remix)"" ft. Ghost Style, 肥寶, Critical, 鳥人, BIG Sammy, 2012
My City - Ghost Style ft. Liz Ho and Joyce Yung, 2012
《La La La》Robynn & Kendy ft. Ghost Style, 2013
Sammi Cheng 鄭秀文 "戰勝自己" ft. 24Herbs' Ghost Style, Phat, Kit, 2014
Chung Brothers "Mammon" ft. Ghost Style, Kwokkin 2014
Aga "3am" ft. Ghost Style 2017
Remixes
Eason Chan Mixed Up (track 2)'', 2001
inLove "Realm (Ghost Style remix)", 2005
Oliver "Scent of U", 2007
KZ ""90年代曲"" (mixing engineer), 2010
Tommy Grooves "Room Service" (mixing engineer), 2012
Soundtrack
Initial D The Movie Soundtrack, 2005
Girl$ 囡囡(unreleased soundtrack), 2010
References
Hong Kong male rappers
Hong Kong male singers
Hong Kong hip hop
English-language singers from Hong Kong
Living people
1973 births
Hong Kong people of Canadian descent
Canadian hip hop singers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghost%20Style |
This is a list of radio stations in Canterbury in New Zealand.
During October 2010, several FM radio stations changed frequencies as spacing was being standardised to 0.8 MHz. Frequency changes continue as broadcast licences are renewed. Most frequencies are now spaced 0.8 MHz apart, with the first station at a frequency of 88.9 MHz. Infill stations are allocated to the 0.4 MHz frequency in the buffer between two other stations.
The Canterbury earthquakes of 2010 and 2011 have allowed community stations to play a greater role in the Canterbury community. Compass FM 104.9 FM has existed as a not-for-profit community radio station in the North Canterbury area since June 2011. Several radio stations have also ceased operation as a result of the Canterbury earthquakes. In Lyttelton, for instance, Volcano Radio 88.5FM was broadcasting 80 shows commercial-free from February 2008, but the quakes damaged equipment and forced the building to be demolished. Shows on the station included Project Lyttelton, Monday Report, children's programme Lyttelease, classical music show Vienna Volcano, and old school metal and hard rock show The Molten Metal.
Christchurch and North Canterbury stations
FM and AM
The following stations broadcast in the Christchurch area including Sumner and the Hurunui District.
Most high-power FM radio stations serving Christchurch broadcast from the Sugarloaf transmitter, located on the Port Hills due south of the central city. Stations broadcasting from this transmitter also serve the majority of the Canterbury Plains, as far south as the Rangitata River. The suburb of Sumner is served by infill FM transmitters located at Southshore and Sumner Head, as hills block the signal from Sugarloaf.
Low Power FM
There are a number of LPFM stations that are operating, or have operated, whose broadcast range may be less than that of the full-power FM stations.
Banks Peninsula Stations
The following stations broadcast in Akaroa or the Banks Peninsula area.
Mid Canterbury Stations
The following stations broadcast in the Ashburton or Mid Canterbury area.
South Canterbury Stations
The following stations broadcast from the South Canterbury area including the Mackenzie District, Waimate District and Timaru
References
Canterbury
Radio stations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20radio%20stations%20in%20Canterbury |
"Baba Yetu" (Swahili: "Our Father") is the theme song for the 2005 video game Civilization IV. It was composed by Christopher Tin and performed by Ron Ragin and the Stanford Talisman. For its re-release in Tin's debut album Calling All Dawns, it was performed by the Soweto Gospel Choir. The song, when rereleased, became the first piece of video game music to be nominated for and to win a Grammy Award.
Composition
Being a fan of the Civilization series, Tin reconnected with his former roommate Soren Johnson during his five-year college reunion at Stanford University; both had been part of an overseas program during their studies at Oxford University, with Johnson studying history and Tin studying music. Johnson told Tin at the reunion he had been working on Civilization III, and Tin expressed his love of the series to him. Some months after the reunion, Johnson contacted Tin and told him they were looking for music for the introduction for their new game Civilization IV, and wanted him to help. Johnson said they were inspired by the performances of the Stanford Talisman, an a capella group at Stanford that specialize in traditional African music, and wanted Tin to compose something similar for the theme. Tin took about a month to compose the track before recording it with Talisman for the game's track.
Lyrics
The lyrics of "Baba Yetu" (which means "Our Father" in Swahili) are a translation of the Lord's Prayer.
In 2007, "Baba Yetu" was released by Alfred Music Publishing, and it was rearranged by Tin for an SATB a cappella choir with optional percussion accompaniment in 2011. Other arrangements include SSATBB choir, TTBB choir, string orchestra, concert band, piano quintet, and piano/voice.
Reviews
"Baba Yetu" garnered much critical praise, with over 20 reviewers singling out the theme on platforms such as IGN and GameSpy.
Awards and achievements
"Baba Yetu" was nominated for the 53rd Annual Grammy Awards in the Grammy Award for Best Arrangement, Instrumental and Vocals category, and on February 13, 2011, it was announced as the winner of its category, making it the first piece of music composed for a video game to be nominated for and win a Grammy Award. At the 10th annual Independent Music Awards, "Baba Yetu" was the winner in the 'Song Used in Film/TV/Multimedia' and 'World Beat Song' categories.
Notable performances
"Baba Yetu" is a frequent piece performed during Video Games Live concerts. It has been performed at various venues and events around the world, including Carnegie Hall, the Lincoln Center, Disney Concert Hall, The Dubai Fountain, the Kennedy Center, Royal Festival Hall, the Hollywood Bowl, the New Year's Concert of the sixty-seventh session of the United Nations General Assembly, as well as the 2017 Llangollen International Musical Eisteddfod. Notable ensembles that have performed the song include the Royal Philharmonic Orchestra, Welsh National Opera, National Symphony Orchestra, US Navy Band, and various YouTube artists, including Peter Hollens, Alex Boye, BYU Men's Choir and Korean Acapella group Maytree which was praised by Tin himself.
"Baba Yetu" is a popular contemporary choral piece, and has been sung in many competitions. Notably, the Angel City Chorale performed it during the 13th season of America's Got Talent, earning guest judge Olivia Munn's golden buzzer, advancing the choir to the live shows. On the final night of that same season on the show, the acrobatic dance group Zurcaroh performed a routine to the song. In addition, the Stellenbosch University Choir won the Open, Youth, and Mixed choir categories for their performance of it at the 2018 Llangollen International Musical Eisteddfod.
On the 6th of August 2019, "Baba Yetu" was played at the signing of the Maputo Accord, which brought an end to the RENAMO insurgency in Mozambique.
References
Video game theme songs
2005 songs
Lord's Prayer
Grammy Award for Best Instrumental Arrangement Accompanying Vocalist(s)
Civilization (series)
Songs in Swahili | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baba%20Yetu |
Freestyle skiing was a demonstration sport at the 1988 Winter Olympics. The venues were Canada Olympic Park for aerials and ballet, and Nakiska for moguls. This was the first appearance of freestyle skiing at the Winter Olympics.
Medal table
Men's event
Moguls
Aerials
Ballet
Women's event
Moguls
Aerials
Ballet
References
Olympic Review – March 1988
1988 Winter Olympics
1988 Winter Olympics events
Olympics
Men's events at the 1988 Winter Olympics
Women's events at the 1988 Winter Olympics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freestyle%20skiing%20at%20the%201988%20Winter%20Olympics |
King-to Nin Jiom Pei Pa Koa (), commonly known as Nin Jiom Pei Pa Koa or simply Nin Jiom Herbal Cough Syrup, is a traditional Chinese natural herbal remedy used for the relief of sore throat, coughs, hoarseness and aphonia. It is a throat demulcent and expectorant.
Naming
In the name of the company, king-to () means "capital", referring to Beijing, and nin jiom () means "in memory of my mother"; hence, it stresses the important virtue of filial piety. Pei pa koa () means "loquat syrup".
The product is marketed under the brand name Cap Ibu dan Anak (Malay for "Mother and Son Brand", referring to the brand's logo) in Malaysia and Indonesia, also acronymed as OBIDA (as in Obat Batuk Ibu dan Anak) in the latter country.
History
The formula for pei pa koa was reportedly created by Dr. Ip Tin-See, a Ch'ing Dynasty physician born in 1680. Yang Chin, a county commander, asked Doctor Ip to treat his mother's persistent cough. They were so impressed that they created a factory to mass-produce it. In 1946, the Yang family sold the business to Tse Sui-Bong, a medicine practitioner, who founded the Nin Jiom Medicine Manufactory. The company was formally incorporated in 1962, and continue to manufacture and sell the product worldwide.
The headquarters of the company is located in Hong Kong and Taoyuan, Taiwan.
Availability and marketing of the product expanded in the 1980s, and today it is easily found in North America, most often in Chinese groceries and herbal stores.
Pei pa koa had annual sales of HK$350 million in 2014.
Effectiveness
A study at the China Academy of Traditional Chinese Medicine published in a 1994 article, "Pharmacological studies of nin jion pei pa koa", states that Nin Jiom Pei Pa Koa had significant cough relieving and sputum removing effects. In four acute or sub-acute inflammatory models, the anti-inflammatory effect was marked.
Composition
Pei pa koa is made up of a blend of herbal ingredients including the fritillary bulb (Bulbus fritillariae cirrhosae, ), loquat leaf (Eriobotrya japonica, ), fourleaf ladybell root (Adenophora tetraphylla, ), Indian bread (Wolfiporia extensa), ), pomelo peel (Citrus maxima, ), chinese bellflower root (Platycodon grandiflorum, ), pinellia rhizome (Pinellia ternata, ), Schisandra seed (Schisandra chinensis, ), Trichosanthes seed (Trichosanthes kirilowii, ), coltsfoot flower (Tussilago farfara, ), Thinleaf Milkwort root (Polygala tenuifolia, ), bitter apricot kernel (Prunus armeniaca, ), fresh ginger (Zingiber officinale, ), licorice root (Glycyrrhiza uralensis, ), and menthol in a syrup and honey base.
See also
Cough medicine
References
External links
Official company site
Traditional Chinese medicine | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nin%20Jiom%20Pei%20Pa%20Koa |
Accounting for leases in the United States is regulated by the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) by the Financial Accounting Standards Number 13, now known as Accounting Standards Codification Topic 840 (ASC 840). These standards were effective as of January 1, 1977. The FASB completed in February 2016 a revision of the lease accounting standard, referred to as ASC 842.
Separate standards exist for governments and government agencies. Federal government accounting is overseen by the Federal Accounting Standards Advisory Board, whose SSFAS 54 for leases takes effect on October 1, 2023. For state and local governments and agencies, accounting is regulated by the Governmental Accounting Standards Board, whose GASB 87 leases standard took effect with the start of fiscal years after June 15, 2021.
Introduction
A lease is a contract calling for the lessee (user) to pay the lessor (owner) for use of an asset for a specified period of time. A rental agreement is a lease in which the asset is tangible property. As there are many ways to view how these contracts affect the balance sheets of both the lessee and lessor, FASB created a standard for US accountants and businesses.
Accounting for leases under FAS 13/ASC 840
The accounting profession recognizes leases as either an operating lease or a capital lease (finance lease). An operating lease records no asset or liability on the financial statements, the amount paid is expensed as incurred. On the other hand, a capital lease is recorded as both an asset and a liability on the financial statements, generally at the present value of the rental payments (but never greater than the asset's fair market value). To distinguish the two, the Financial Accounting Standards Board (FASB) provided criteria for when a lease should be capitalized, and if any one of the criteria for capitalization is met, the lease is treated as a capital lease and recorded on the financial statements. The primary standard for lease accounting is Statement of Financial Accounting Standards No. 13 (FAS 13), which has been amended several times; it is known as topic 840 in the FASB's new Accounting Standards Codification.
The basic criteria for capitalization of a lease by lessee are as follows:
The lessor transfers ownership of the asset to the lessee at the end of the lease term.
A bargain purchase option is given to the lessee. This is an option that allows the lessee, upon termination of the lease, to purchase the leased asset at a price significantly lower than the expected fair market value of the asset.
The life of the lease is equal to or greater than 75% of the economic life of the asset.
The present value of the minimum lease payments (MLP) is equal to or greater than 90% of the fair market value of leased property. To understand and apply this criterion, you need familiarize yourself with what is included in the minimum lease payments and how the present value is calculated. The minimum lease payments include the minimum rental payments minus any executory cost, the guaranteed residual value, the bargain purchase option, and any penalty for failure to renew or extend the lease. The amount calculated is then discounted using the lessee’s incremental borrowing rate. However, if the lessee knows the implicit rate used by the lessor and the rate is less than the lessee’s rate, the lessee should use the lessor’s rate to discount the minimum lease payment.
These are called the 7(a)-7(d) tests, named for the paragraphs of FAS 13 in which they are found.
If any of the above are met, the lease would be considered a capital or financing lease and must be disclosed on the lessee's balance sheet. Conversely, if none of the criteria are met, the contract is an operating lease, and the lessee will have a footnote in its balance sheet to that effect. Both parties (lessor and lessee) must review these criteria at the outset and determine independently the classification as it is possible to classify them differently (it is quite common, in fact, for a single lease to be considered a capital lease by lessors and an operating lease by lessees).
If the term of the lease does not exceed 12 months, the lease may be considered neither of the above criteria. These contracts are "rentals" and do not need to be disclosed in lessee's footnotes.
For a more in depth explanation, see the accounting textbook Intermediate Accounting, 11th ed, Kieso Weygandt Warfield.
Lessee Accounting
Under an operating lease, the lessee records rent expense (debit) over the lease term, and a credit to either cash or rent payable. If an operating lease has scheduled changes in rent, normally the rent must be expensed on a straight-line basis over its life, with a deferred liability or asset reported on the balance sheet for the difference between expense and cash outlay.
Under a capital lease, the lessee does not record rent as an expense. Instead, the rent is reclassified as interest and obligation payments, similarly to a mortgage (with the interest calculated each rental period on the outstanding obligation balance). At the same time, the asset is depreciated. If the lease has an ownership transfer or bargain purchase option, the depreciable life is the asset's economic life; otherwise, the depreciable life is the lease term. Over the life of the lease, the interest and depreciation combined will be equal to the rent payments.
For both capital and operating leases, a separate footnote to the financial statements discloses the future minimum rental commitments, by year for the next five years, then all remaining years as a group.
Other lessee financial accounting issues:
Leasehold Improvements: Improvements made by the lessee. These are permanently affixed to the property, and revert to the lessor at the termination of the lease. The value of the leasehold improvements should be capitalized and depreciated over the lesser of the lease life or the leasehold improvements life. If the life of the leasehold improvement extends past the life of the initial term of the lease and into an option period, normally that option period must be considered part of the life of the lease. If the lessor gives the lessee a cash allowance for improvements, this is treated as a reduction of rent and amortized over the lease term.
Lease Bonus: Prepayment for future expenses. Classified as an asset; amortized using the straight-line method over the life of the lease.
Rent Kicker, or Percentage Rent: Common in retail store leases. This is a premium rent payment that the lessor requires and is treated as a period expense. For example, it may be stated in the contract that if sales are over $1,000,000, any excess over this amount will have 2% taken out as a rent kicker. This is not reported as part of the future minimum rental commitments disclosure, nor in the 7(d) test to determine whether the lease is capital or operating.
Lessor Accounting
Under an operating lease, the lessor records rent revenue (credit) and a corresponding debit to either cash/rent receivable. The asset remains on the lessor's books as an owned asset, and the lessor records depreciation expense over the life of the asset. If the rent changes over the life of the lease, normally the rental income is recognized on a straight-line basis (also known as rent leveling), and the difference between income and cash received is recorded as a deferred asset or liability (mirroring lessee accounting).
Under a capital lease, the lessor credits owned assets and debits a lease receivable account for the present value of the rents (an asset, which is broken out between current and long-term, the latter being the present value of rents due more than 12 months in the future). With each payment, cash is debited, the receivable is credited, and unearned (interest) income is credited. If the cost or carrying amount of the asset being leased is different from its fair value at inception, then the difference is recognized as a profit and the lease is called a sales-type lease. This most commonly applies when a manufacturer is using leasing as a method of selling its product. Other capital lessor leases, where the cost and fair value are the same, are called direct financing leases. A third type of lessor capital lease, called a leveraged lease, is used to recognize leases where the acquisition of the leased asset is substantially financed by debt.
Lease Accounting Revision (ASC 842)
As part of their joint commitment to the “development of high quality, compatible accounting standards that could be used for both domestic and cross-border financial reporting”, the International Accounting Standards Board (IASB) and the FASB agreed in 2006 to priorities and milestones for convergence of lease accounting rules. The project goal, “to insure that investors and other users of financial statements are provided useful, transparent, and complete information about leasing transactions in the financial statements”, reflected investor and regulator concerns that current accounting standards fail to clearly portray the resources and obligations from leases in a complete and transparent manner. The goal of these changes was to increase transparency within the rules and eliminate a loophole that allows for off-balance-sheet financing through leases.
The project commenced in 2006. Critical dates within the project include;
Issuance of a Discussion Paper - Leases: Preliminary Views - on 19 March 2009 with a public comment period open until 17 July 2009
Issuance of joint Exposure Drafts on 17 August 2010 with a public comment period open until 15 December 2010
Issuance of a second joint Exposure Draft on 16 May 2013, with a public comment period open until 13 September 2013
Issuance of International Financial Reporting Standard 16 (IFRS 16), Leases, on 13 January 2016
Issuance of ASC 842, as Accounting Standards Update 2016-02, on 25 February 2016
The Effective Date of the new standard - date at which time all companies must follow the new lease accounting standard when preparing financial statements –is fiscal years beginning after December 15, 2018. As originally released, ASC 842 required companies to restate comparable years in their annual reports. Most U.S. companies include two years of comparables in their annual report, so leases would, in 2019, be restated using the new standard effective 2017. In March 2018, however, the FASB announced a transition relief giving companies the option to transition without restating prior years. Privately held companies may delay compliance until the end of fiscal year 2020.
Proposed changes
The Preliminary Views and first Exposure Draft called for eliminating the FAS 13 test which classifies leases as operating leases or capital leases, and treating all leases similarly to current capital leases. All leases would be accounted for as assets and liabilities on the balance sheet – on the asset side as "right-of-use assets" and on the liability side as lease liabilities; on the income statement, depreciation and interest expense would be recognized instead of rent expense. One implication of this is that expenses are "front loaded," because interest expense is higher in the early part of the lease term while the liability is higher. Following substantial protests from both financial statements preparers and users, the second Exposure Draft reinstated two types of lease accounting, with "Type A" leases treated essentially the same as FAS 13 capital leases and "Type B" leases maintaining the single lease expense, straight line over the life of the lease, that characterizes FAS 13 operating leases, but with an asset and liability on the balance sheet. The liability would be the present value of the remaining rents; the asset would be the same as the liability for simple leases, but then adjusted for scheduled changes in rents (which under FAS 13 result in a deferred rent liability or asset) and amortization of initial direct costs and lease incentives. Effective with the second Exposure Draft, the new standard has been given the new Accounting Standards Codification topic number 842 (the topic number for leases was previously 840).
While the first Exposure Draft envisioned including rent judged "more likely than not" to be paid (contingent rents and options to renew) in addition to minimum required rent payments, subsequent decisions by the boards reversed these plans, making the proposed accounting for lessees similar to that of existing capital leases. Lessor accounting was largely reverted to the existing standard. Leases with a maximum term of 12 months or less would be treated in accordance with current operating lease rules.
Following the second Exposure Draft, the IASB decided to require all leases to be treated as finance leases. The FASB decided to maintain the traditional distinction between capital (finance) and operating leases (and reverted to that terminology rather than "Type A/B").
Lessee Accounting
In the final ASC 842 release, capital lease accounting has only minor changes, though they are now called "finance leases," consistent with IFRS terminology. The concept of "executory costs," which were excluded from capitalization under FAS 13, has been replaced by "nonlease components," which are payments due as part of a lease agreement which reflect goods or services separate from the asset. Importantly, passthrough costs paid by the lessor and rebilled to the lessee, such as taxes and insurance, no longer qualify to be excluded from capitalization (either for finance or for operating leases). This can mean a substantial difference in balance sheet impact between a real estate gross lease and net lease.
The tests to distinguish finance and operating leases are essentially unchanged, though written using "principles-based terminology" consistent with IFRS: for instance, a lease is a finance lease if the lease term covers a "major part" of the asset's economic life. The standard states in paragraph 842-10-55-2 that "one reasonable approach" is to use the 75% test of FAS 13, paragraph 7(c) to determine "major part," and the other paragraph 7 tests for the other ASC 842 tests. One additional criterion for finance lease classification is that "The underlying asset is of such a specialized nature that it is expected to have no alternative use to the lessor at the end of the lease term." (However, such a lease would normally have sufficient rent to meet the present value test anyway.)
For an operating lease, a liability and a right-of-use asset are set up at lease inception, at the present value of the rents plus any guaranteed residual. To the asset is added any initial direct costs and subtracted any lease incentives (such as a tenant improvement allowance). The liability is amortized using the interest method (like a mortgage). If the lease has the same rent over its life, the net asset at any point is equal to the liability, plus the unamortized balance of initial direct costs and lease incentives. If the rents change during the lease term, the difference between the cash rent and average rent is added to or subtracted from the asset as well.
A single lease expense is recognized for an operating lease, representing a combination of amortizing the asset and the liability. This is considered an operating expense, just as ASC 840 rent expense is, so there is usually no difference in a company's income statement or statement of cash flows compared to ASC 840.
Sale-leaseback accounting is no longer permitted if the seller-lessee has a continuing right of control, such as an option to purchase back the asset at a fixed price. A failed sale-leaseback transaction is treated as a financing.
Lessor Accounting
Most lessor accounting is not substantially changed between ASC 840 and ASC 842. The change from executory costs to nonlease components, discussed above, applies equally to lessors. Leveraged leasing is discontinued, though leveraged leases entered into before the effective date of ASC 842 can continue to be accounted for under ASC 840 unless they are modified. The distinction between sales-type and direct financing leases has changed: whereas in ASC 840 the test was whether the fair value of the leased asset was different from the lessor's cost or carrying amount (if so, the lease is a sales-type lease), in ASC 842, any lessor lease that meets the lessee finance lease tests (based on rents and guaranteed residuals due from the lessee) is a sales-type lease; direct financing treatment applies if the lease is capital only because a third-party residual guarantee causes the present value test to be met. The primary difference in accounting between a sales-type lease and a direct financing lease is that profit for a sales-type lease is recognized at inception, while profit for a direct financing lease is recognized over the life of the lease.
Impact of New Lease Accounting Rules
The U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) in 2005 estimated that companies had approximately $1.25 trillion of operating lease commitments. By 2015, estimates had risen to $2 trillion. While the FASB specified that operating lease liabilities should be considered "non-debt liabilities," so that they should not affect debt ratios and most loan covenants, the addition of an equal asset and liability will reduce most companies' quick ratio, while the fact that an operating lease creates a current liability but not a current asset reduces the current ratio. Companies expected to be most affected include retail chains and airlines.
Other Issues
Usually, when a lease is entered into, a security deposit is required. There are two types of security deposits:
Nonrefundable security deposits: Deferred by the lessor as unearned revenue; Capitalized by the lessee as a prepaid rent expense until the lessor considers the deposit earned.
Refundable security deposits: Treated as a receivable by the lessee; Treated as a liability by the lessor until the deposit is refunded to the lessee.
Calculation
How to calculate the lease rate:
[Monthly Lease Payment] x [Term (months)] = [Total amount out of pocket]
[Total amount out of pocket] - [Financed amount] = [Total finance charge]
[Total finance charge] / [Term (years)] = [Finance charge per year]
[Finance charges per year] / [Financed amount] = Annual Lease Rate
See also
FAS 13, Accounting for Leases
Project Update on Topic 840
FASB Topic 840 Documentation
Accounting Standards Update 2016-02: Leases (Topic 842)
References
United States Generally Accepted Accounting Principles
Leasing | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Accounting%20for%20leases%20in%20the%20United%20States |
Sopwith Camel was an American rock band associated with the San Francisco psychedelic rock scene of the mid-1960s.
Career
Sopwith Camel, named by founding member Peter Kraemer, formed in late 1965, with a line-up consisting of vocalist and saxophone player Peter Kraemer, guitarists Terry MacNeil (name changed to Nandi Devam in 1979) and William "Truckaway" Sievers, bassist Martin Beard (born 1947, London), and drummer Norman Mayell. Sopwith Camel is best known for being the second San Francisco band to get a recording contract with a national record label, and the first to have a Top 40 hit.
Sopwith Camel's first album (and only album recording during the 1960s), the eponymous Sopwith Camel, was released in 1967 on the Kama Sutra Records label. The single "Hello, Hello" became the first hit to emerge from the San Francisco rock scene and reached No. 26 on the US Billboard Hot 100 chart in January 1967 and No. 9 on the Canadian RPM magazine chart in February. A second hit, "Postcard from Jamaica", peaked at No. 88 on the Billboard Hot 100 in April 1967. Some songs on the band's first album, the vaudevillian "Hello, Hello" in particular, were more reminiscent of earlier songs by The Lovin' Spoonful than of most other San Francisco psychedelic rock of the time; producer Erik Jacobsen produced for both Sopwith Camel and The Lovin' Spoonful. On the other hand, "Frantic Desolation" was chosen by Jon Savage as one of "The Psychedelic 100", an annotated list first published as a booklet by Mojo Magazine and reprinted in the book I Want to Take You Higher: The Psychedelic Era 1965–1969 (an accompaniment to an exhibit of the same name), published by The Rock and Roll Hall of Fame and Museum (Chronicle Books, 1997). The band was unable to follow up the success of their first album and hit single and disbanded later in 1967. Sopwith Camel's debut album has been re-released twice: as Frantic Desolation in 1986, and as Hello Hello Again in 1990.
The band was defunct by the end of 1967. Beard and Mayell continued for a period in music, as session musicians under the direction of Eric Jacobsen. Both appeared on Norman Greenbaum's hit album Spirit in the Sky (1969). Mayell later joined Blue Cheer, replacing Paul Whaley as drummer.
The group reformed in 1971, with all original members with the exception of Sievers, and recorded their second album, The Miraculous Hump Returns from the Moon released on Warner Bros. Records' Reprise label in 1973. Allmusic gives the album three stars, saying, "Imagine a jazzy John Sebastian who's into Eastern culture and vaudeville. This is pleasant, unambitious hippie groove music for a lazy, sunny afternoon. If you're in that mood, it will take you to a warm, fuzzy place." Reviewing the album in 2014, The Guardian said, "What never fails to amaze me about this record is how it sounds like it was recorded about a week ago... Taking in elements of FM schmaltz, prog-rock, jazz, showtunes, Krautrock and Indian classical music, this is an album that overflows with ideas, but never overwhelms."
The band broke up again in 1974.
British-born bassist Martin Beard, who later became an electronics technician in Silicon Valley, died November 10, 2015, at the age of 68. Norman Mayell died August 14th, 2022 at the age of 80.
Discography
Albums
1967: Sopwith Camel
1973: The Miraculous Hump Returns from the Moon
Singles
1967: "Hello, Hello" / "Treadin'"
1967: "Postcard from Jamaica" / "Little Orphan Annie"
1967: "Saga of the Low Down Let Down" / "The Great Morpheum"
1973: "Fazon" / "Sleazy Street"
Reissues
Sopwith Camel was released as a LP Frantic Desolation (1986) & CD Hello Hello Again in 1990.
After sitting in the Warner Bros. vaults for 30 years, The Miraculous Hump Returns from the Moon, was issued on CD in 2001 by drummer Norm Mayell on Generic Type Records, called, The Millennium Edition. In 2006, a second CD release of The Miraculous Hump Returns from the Moon, also by drummer Norm Mayell on Generic Type Records was called Remastered 2006. This time the original master was discovered in producer Erik Jacobsen's basement.
See also
San Francisco Sound
List of psychedelic rock artists
References
Sources
The Billboard Book of Top 40 Hits, Joel Whitburn, 2000 (7th ed.)
External links
Official Sopwith Camel History and Discography website SopwithCamel.com
Official Site for Current Band, Upcoming Shows, Pictures and Videos SopwithCamel.org
Sopwith Camel biography, discography and album reviews, credits & releases at AllMusic
Sopwith Camel discography, album releases & credits at Discogs.com
Sopwith Camel albums to be listened as stream at Spotify.com
Grateful Dead Family Discography – Sopwith Camel discography page
Sopwith Camel – The Miraculous Hump Returns from the Moon (1973) album at CDBaby.com
Kama Sutra Records artists
Musical groups established in 1965
Musical groups disestablished in 1967
Musical groups reestablished in 1971
Musical groups disestablished in 1974
Musical groups from the San Francisco Bay Area
Psychedelic rock music groups from California
Reprise Records artists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sopwith%20Camel%20%28band%29 |
The following is a list of the world's largest fixed service satellite operators in the world. Comparison data is from different time periods and sources and may not be directly comparable.
Note: Revenue in U.S. Dollars
References
Link to 2005 numbers as pdf
Link to 2007 numbers as pdf
Link to 2008 numbers as pdf
External links
2001 numbers
2002 numbers
2003 numbers together with other space firms (total 50) firms reviewed
2004 numbers reviewed in this page from Space News
Largest fixed satellite operators
Space lists
Communication satellite operators | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Comparison%20of%20communication%20satellite%20operators |
John Thomas Marshall (born January 6, 1931) is an American former basketball player and coach. He graduated from Mount Juliet High School in Mt. Juliet, Tennessee. He was a star at Western Kentucky University in the 1950s, where he was a two-time All-American. His number 41 is one of only six retired at Western Kentucky. He was named to the OVC Half-Century Team and the OVC 40th Anniversary team. A 6'4" forward, he was drafted by the Rochester Royals with the seventh pick of the 1954 NBA draft. After a promising rookie season, he was drafted into the Army and missed the 1955–56 season. In a four-year NBA career, he played for the Royals (in both Rochester and Cincinnati), as well as for the Detroit Pistons. In his final year as a player (1958–59) he served as a player-coach; then coached the Cincinnati Royals for one additional season (1959–60) after retiring from playing.
Career statistics
NBA
Source
Regular season
Playoffs
References
External links
Basketball-Reference.com: Tom Marshall (as player)
Basketball-Reference.com: Tom Marshall (as coach)
1931 births
Living people
All-American college men's basketball players
American men's basketball coaches
American men's basketball players
Basketball coaches from Tennessee
Basketball players from Tennessee
Cincinnati Royals head coaches
Detroit Pistons players
People from Mount Juliet, Tennessee
Sportspeople from the Nashville metropolitan area
Player-coaches
Rochester Royals draft picks
Rochester Royals players
Shooting guards
Small forwards
Western Kentucky Hilltoppers basketball players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tom%20Marshall%20%28basketball%29 |
Distant Plastic Trees is the debut studio album by American indie pop band The Magnetic Fields, released in 1991. Lead vocals on the album are performed by Susan Anway.
The album is noteworthy for its stripped down sound and largely synthesized instrumentation. Stephin Merritt himself described the album as a "small record, intentionally small" and heavily inspired by Young Marble Giants.
The song "Babies Falling" is a cover of a song by The Wild Stares.
Release
Distant Plastic Trees was originally released in Japan and the United Kingdom on the RCA Victor and Red Flame labels, respectively. The album was released in the United States on the band's own imprint, PoPuP.
Merge Records reissued the album in 1994 as a double album compilation with the band's second album, The Wayward Bus. The song "Plant White Roses" was omitted from the Merge reissue.
Reception
The New Rolling Stone Album Guide wrote that the first two albums "showcase sexually ambiguous lyrics, loopy arrangements, and the disaffected voice of Susan Anway ... But they also suffer from an air of inconsequentiality." Trouser Press wrote that "the baroque pop structures of songs like 'Smoke Signals' are redolent of the classics Merritt clearly holds dear, but his impressionistic wordplay — which often alights on bracing, upsetting images — seldom settles into simple cliché."
Track listing
Personnel
Stephin Merritt – songwriting, instrumentation and production
Additional personnel
Susan Anway – lead vocals
Ken Michaels – engineering
Wendy Smith – album cover
Art Daly – insert photo
References
The Magnetic Fields albums
1991 debut albums
RCA Victor albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Distant%20Plastic%20Trees |
Lo-fi (also spelt lofi), short for low fidelity, is sound quality lower than usual contemporary standards, and usually refers to lo-fi music.
Lo-fi or lofi may also refer to:
"Lo-Fi", an episode of Criminal Minds (season 3)
Lofi, a Unix loop device
Lo-fi (audio), referring to the more technical aspects of fidelity in audio
Lofi Girl, a YouTube channel featuring an animated character of the same name
Lofi hip hop, a downtempo genre
Lo-fi photography, photographic practices giving an impression of low quality
See also
Chill-out music, characterized by slow tempos and relaxed moods
List of lo-fi musicians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lo-fi%20%28disambiguation%29 |
Damascus International Airport () is the international airport of Damascus, the capital of Syria. Inaugurated in the mid-1970s, it also was the country's busiest airport. In 2010, an estimated 5.5 million passengers used the airport, an increase of more than 50% since 2004. But it has the issue of the civil war ending many flights to Damascus cutting off the population of the city from many international flights.
History
Establishment
The construction of the airport was entrusted in 1965 to a group of French companies (SCB, CSF, Spie and Cegelec), led by the SCB. In the late 1980s, the airport had robust air service. Over 30 airlines were operating to the city, offering nonstop flights to various destinations in Europe, North Africa, the Middle East, and South Asia. Pakistan International Airlines connected Damascus twice a week with New York via Frankfurt, with Boeing 747-300 aircraft.
In March 2007, Iran Air inaugurated a flight from Tehran to Caracas via Damascus using Boeing 747s. It codeshared with Conviasa on the route. Seven months later, the latter started operating the flight instead with an Airbus A340.
Syrian civil war
Since the onset of the Syrian Civil War, the airport and the road leading to it have been closed intermittently and most international airlines, such as Emirates and EgyptAir, have ceased flights. Conviasa suspended its service in August 2012.
Israeli air raids
In June 2022, Damascus International Airport suffered major damage, including to runways, following an Israeli missile attack, targeting alleged Iranian weapons transfers. Flights were halted to and from the airport for two weeks due to the extensive damage to infrastructure. On 2 January 2023, Damascus International Airport temporarily went out of service after an Israeli missile strike. The airport reopened after 7 hours and continued service.
On 12 October 2023, Damascus International Airport was temporarily closed due to a damaged runway following Israeli missile attacks on both it and Aleppo International Airport, during the skirmishes which occurred across the border, in connection with the Israel–Hamas war. The airport was put back in service on 18 October. On 22 October, both Aleppo and Damascus airports were hit simultaneously, putting them out of service for the second time within two weeks, in which two workers were killed during the raid.
Facilities
Terminals
The airport is of Islamic architecture, and has two terminals, one for international flights and the other for domestic flights. The airport features two duty-free outlets. The departures hall also includes an in-house coffee shop, several souvenir shops, three restaurants, and a lounge for first and business class passengers. The southern part of the airport has hardened aircraft shelters and artillery revetments.
The construction of a third terminal is planned but its construction has been postponed due to the events of the civil war, this should increase the capacity of the airport to 16 million passengers per year.
Runways
Current runways allow the landing of virtually all types of aircraft currently in use in the world (including Airbus A380, Boeing 787 Dreamliner and Boeing 747-8). The airport has two parallel runways (05R/23L and 05L/23R), which were completely renovated in the 2010s.
Airlines and destinations
Ground transportation
Located 30 kilometers (20 miles) southeast of Damascus, It is in the governate of Rif-Dimashq. The facility is connected to the city by a highway. A shuttle bus runs between the city center and the airport. The building of a railway line and a terminal bus station with a shopping center at the airport is planned to connect it to the Hejaz station.
Accidents and incidents
On 20 August 1975, ČSA Flight 540 crashed while on approach to Damascus International Airport. Out of the 128 passengers and crew on board, there were only two survivors.
References
External links
Airport at the flightradar24.com
Airports in Syria
Buildings and structures in Damascus
1970 establishments in Syria
Airports established in 1970 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Damascus%20International%20Airport |
"Dissident" is a song by American rock band Pearl Jam, appearing as the fifth track on their second studio album, Vs. (1993). It was written by band members Eddie Vedder, Jeff Ament, Stone Gossard, Mike McCready, and Dave Abbruzzese. According to Vedder, "Dissident" is about a woman who secretly shelters a refugee but eventually turns him in to the authorities because she cannot support him any longer, leading her to feel guilty about her decision.
"Dissident" was released as the fourth single from Vs. on May 16, 1994. It peaked at number three on the US Billboard Album Rock Tracks chart and in Denmark, number two in Norway, and number seven in Finland and Ireland. "Dissident (Part 2)" was also released as a single, reaching number two in the Netherlands and number 19 in France, and two live singles found success in Denmark and Norway.
The song was included on Pearl Jam's 2004 greatest hits album, rearviewmirror (Greatest Hits 1991–2003).
Lyrical content
Pearl Jam lead vocalist Eddie Vedder said about the song "Dissident":
In "Dissident," I'm actually talking about a woman who takes in someone who's being sought after by the authorities for political reasons. He's on the run, and she offers him a refuge. But she just can't handle the responsibility. She turns him in, then she has to live with the guilt and the realization that she's betrayed the one thing that gave her life meaning. It made her life difficult. It made her life hell. But it gave her a reason to be. But she couldn't hold on. She folded. That's the tragedy of the song.
At Pearl Jam's March 17, 1994, concert in West Lafayette, Indiana at Purdue University's Elliot Hall, Vedder said that the "holy no" in the song refers to date rape, explaining that "a woman's word is sacred and the no means no and that's what a 'holy no' is."
Release and reception
While the "Dissident" single was released commercially to international markets on May 16, 1994, the commercial single was not released in the United States until June 27, 1995, and was only available as a more expensive import version beforehand. "Dissident" peaked at number three on the Billboard Album Rock Tracks chart (now called the Mainstream Rock chart). Outside the United States, the song peaked at number 97 in Germany, reached the top 30 in France, and was a top-10 success in Denmark, Finland, Ireland, and Norway. It was additionally a top-20 success in the Netherlands and the United Kingdom. Part two of "Dissident" reached number two in the Netherlands and the top 20 in France; in the former country, it was the fourth highest-selling single of the year according to the Single Top 100 listing.
Live performances
"Dissident" was first performed live at the band's May 13, 1993, concert in San Francisco, California at Slim's Café. Live performances of "Dissident" can be found on the "Dissident" single, various official bootlegs, and the Live at the Gorge 05/06 box set. A performance of the song is also included on the DVD Touring Band 2000.
Track listings
All songs were written by Dave Abbruzzese, Jeff Ament, Stone Gossard, Mike McCready, and Eddie Vedder, except where noted.
CD (US, Austria, Germany, Japan, and South Africa) – part 1
"Dissident" – 3:51
"Release" (live) (Ament, Gossard, Dave Krusen, McCready, Vedder) – 4:55
"Rearviewmirror" (live) – 5:31
"Even Flow" (live) (Vedder, Gossard) – 5:05
"Dissident" (live) – 3:25
"Why Go" (live) (Vedder, Ament) – 3:50
"Deep" (live) (Vedder, Gossard, Ament) – 4:42
Live tracks recorded on April 3, 1994, at the Fox Theatre in Atlanta, Georgia.
CD (US, Austria, Germany, Japan, and South Africa) – part 2
"Jeremy" (live) – 3:00
"Glorified G" (live) – 3:19
"Daughter" (live) – 5:07
"Go" (live) – 2:57
"Animal" (live) – 2:48
"Garden" (live) – 6:52
"State of Love and Trust" (live) – 3:58
"Black" (live) – 5:45
Live tracks recorded on April 3, 1994, at the Fox Theatre in Atlanta, Georgia
CD (US, Austria, Germany, Japan, and South Africa) – part 3
"Alive" (live) – 5:08
"Blood" (live) – 3:39
"W.M.A." (live) – 6:24
"Elderly Woman Behind the Counter in a Small Town" (live) – 3:43
"Rats" (live) – 4:37
"Once" (live) – 3:21
"Porch" (live) – 11:01
"Indifference" (live) – 5:00
Live tracks recorded on April 3, 1994, at the Fox Theatre in Atlanta, Georgia
UK CD1
"Dissident" – 3:32
"Release" (live) (Ament, Gossard, Krusen, McCready, Vedder) / "Rearviewmirror" (live) / "Even Flow" (live) (Vedder, Gossard) – 15:22
Live tracks recorded on April 3, 1994, at the Fox Theatre in Atlanta, Georgia.
UK CD2, "Dissident (Part 2)"
"Dissident" – 3:32
"Dissident" (live) / "Why Go" (live) (Vedder, Ament) / "Deep" (live) (Vedder, Gossard, Ament) – 11:52
Live tracks recorded on April 3, 1994, at the Fox Theatre in Atlanta, Georgia.
CD (Europe)
"Dissident" – 3:35
"Release" (live) (Ament, Gossard, Krusen, McCready, Vedder)
Recorded on April 3, 1994, at the Fox Theatre in Atlanta, Georgia.
7-inch vinyl (Europe)
A. "Dissident" – 3:32
B. "Rearviewmirror" (live) – 5:08
Recorded on April 3, 1994, at the Fox Theatre in Atlanta, Georgia.
"Dissident"/Live in Atlanta
Altogether, the three "Dissident" singles compile the band's April 3, 1994, concert in Atlanta, Georgia, with the only omissions being three songs from the yet-to-be-released Vitalogy ("Whipping", "Better Man", and "Satan's Bed") and the Dead Boys cover "Sonic Reducer". All three singles were available as a box set entitled Live in Atlanta released in Europe. Discs two and three became commercial hits in Denmark and Norway, where they peaked within the top five in both countries.
Disc one
"Dissident"
"Release" (live) (Ament, Gossard, Krusen, McCready, Vedder)
"Rearviewmirror" (live)
"Even Flow" (live) (Vedder, Gossard)
"Dissident" (live)
"Why Go" (live) (Vedder, Ament)
"Deep" (live) (Vedder, Gossard, Ament)
Disc two
"Jeremy" (live) (Vedder, Ament)
"Glorified G" (live)
"Daughter" (live)
"Go" (live)
"Animal" (live)
"Garden" (live) (Vedder, Gossard, Ament)
"State of Love and Trust" (live) (Vedder, McCready, Ament)
"Black" (live) (Vedder, Gossard)
Disc three
"Alive" (live) (Vedder, Gossard)
"Blood" (live)
"W.M.A." (live) (with Doug Pinnick and Jerry Gaskill of King's X)
"Elderly Woman Behind the Counter in a Small Town" (live)
"Rats" (live)
"Once" (live) (Vedder, Gossard)
"Porch" (live) (Vedder)
"Indifference" (live)
Live tracks recorded on April 3, 1994, at the Fox Theatre in Atlanta, Georgia.
Charts
Weekly charts
"Dissident"
"Dissident (Part 2)"
Live in Atlanta 2
Live in Atlanta 3
Year-end charts
"Dissident (Part 2)"
References
External links
Lyrics at pearljam.com
1993 songs
1994 singles
Epic Records singles
Pearl Jam songs
Song recordings produced by Brendan O'Brien (record producer)
Song recordings produced by Eddie Vedder
Song recordings produced by Jeff Ament
Song recordings produced by Mike McCready
Song recordings produced by Stone Gossard
Songs written by Dave Abbruzzese
Songs written by Eddie Vedder
Songs written by Jeff Ament
Songs written by Mike McCready
Songs written by Stone Gossard | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dissident%20%28song%29 |
Tiequon Aundray "Lil Fee" Cox (born December 1, 1965) is an American street gangster and mass murderer who was sentenced to death for the August 31, 1984 murders of various family members of NFL football player Kermit Alexander. Cox is currently incarcerated in San Quentin State Prison.
Cox was one of the prime suspects of a mass murder investigation into the deaths of Ebora Alexander, aged 59, Dietra Alexander, aged 25, and two boys Damon Bonner, aged 6, and Damani Garner-Alexander, aged 12. They were relatives of the former NFL defensive back Kermit Alexander. Cox was also a noted member of the Rollin' 60 Crips, and on parole on an unrelated charge.
Murders and possible motives
The events of August 31, 1984, are not clear, but what is known is that two suspects, described as being male, were seen bursting into the house of Ebora Alexander (the mother of Kermit Alexander) and opening fire, killing four people in the process. Two other family members who had previously been hiding managed to scare off the shooters, who were seen fleeing in a brown or maroon van. Later, the two suspects were caught and identified as Tiequon Cox, aged 18, and a man Horace Edwin Burns, aged 20. Both were known affiliates of the Rollin' 60. However, Burns was not one of the gunmen, but a lookout, along with two women, Lisa Brown and Ida Moore, who drove the getaway vehicle. Darren Charles Williams was later caught and identified as the other gunman.
In 1986, he was found guilty of four counts of first-degree murder under premeditation laws in the state of California. The jury further determined that he should be sentenced to death, placing him on death row.
Related information
Tiequon Cox stabbed Stanley Tookie Williams in 1988 while on death row. This is depicted in the 2004 TV film Redemption: The Stan Tookie Williams Story.
On July 18, 2000, three inmates, regarded as some of San Quentin's most dangerous prisoners, almost escaped. The three, identified as Tiequon Cox, Paul Tuilaepa and Noel Jackson, rushed towards a hole that had been unraveled from a four-foot section of a chain-link fence, nearly escaping with the intent of taking hostages. However, they failed, and with some difficulty, the officers managed to subdue all three inmates and take them into a controlled yard. The escape attempt left many officers re-addressing the serious security problems plaguing San Quentin for years.
References in literature and media
Several references have been made to Cox and the 1984 murders, including in Leon Bing's Do or Die, a book documenting the lives of at-risk youth in late 1980s inner-city Los Angeles, and the book Monster; A Biography of an L.A. Gang Member by Kody "Monster" Scott, a member of the Eight Trey Gangsta Crips in Los Angeles.
The details of the murder were discussed by Alex A. Alonso in a 2008 episode of History Channel's Gangland.
Outside the Lines featured Kermit Alexander and the murders of his family members on March 1, 2015.
References
1965 births
1984 murders in the United States
20th-century African-American people
20th-century American criminals
American mass murderers
American male criminals
American murderers of children
American people convicted of murder
American prisoners sentenced to death
Criminals from Los Angeles
Crips
Family murders
History of Los Angeles
Living people
Mass murder in 1984
People convicted of murder by California
Place of birth missing (living people)
Prisoners sentenced to death by California | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiequon%20Cox |
On The X-Files television show, the term Men in Black refers to a group of enforcers employed by the Syndicate to execute assassinations, cover-ups and other clandestine operations. It is clear that most, if not all, of them are former members of special operations units. Some, mostly shown in comedic episodes, parodied the traditional view of MIBs from UFO lore. Most had no known civilian identities, though there were some exceptions. They rarely speak.
The Men in Black are analogous to the alien bounty hunters employed by the Colonists. The Men in Black were, however, not as reliable as the bounty hunters for difficult tasks. They were sometimes used initially, but it often took the more capable Alien Bounty Hunters to complete these missions. However, the Syndicate would use the bounty hunters only when necessary because of an increased risk of exposure.
As of the series finale, it is assumed they have been phased out, as the "New Syndicate" (Super Soldiers) does not have as great a need to employ normal humans.
X
X is portrayed by Steven Williams. X was a high-ranking member of the Men In Black (MIB), a group of operatives used by The Syndicate to carry out their dirty work. X first appeared at the beginning of season 2, after he contacts Mulder to tell him he "has a friend at the FBI." X became Fox Mulder's information source, replacing Mulder's first informant, Deep Throat, who had been murdered at the end of season 1. X is a subordinate of The Smoking Man.
While X's loyalties and his own agenda were often unclear, he has more than once proven that he at least does not want Mulder dead. In the episode "End Game", he is approached by Dana Scully, who pleads that she needs to know where Mulder is, believing his life to be in danger. Initially X refuses, and is subsequently confronted by Walter Skinner, who seemed to recognize X. He relinquishes Mulder's location, though not until after a brief but intense scuffle with Skinner. In the episode "731", X's loyalty to Mulder is further confirmed. Trapped on a train car equipped with a time bomb, Mulder, about to escape, is attacked brutally by an MIB assassin. X fatally shoots the Red Haired Man as he is about to step off the car. X boards the car with only enough time left to save either Mulder or the alien-human hybrid the car was transporting, opting to save Mulder, and carries him off to safety just as the car explodes.
In the season 4 opener "Herrenvolk", X's position as an informant is discovered by the Syndicate. When suspicion arises after the finding of photographs that were taken of The Smoking Man by X, false information is planted at the First Elder's behest, in order to root out the leak. Attempting to relay the information to Mulder, X goes to his apartment and is surprised by fellow MIB operative, the Gray Haired Man, who fatally shoots him. With his last strength, X crawls to Mulder's doorstep and writes in his own blood "SRSG", meaning "Special Representative to the Secretary General" of the United Nations, and thus, this clue leads Mulder to Marita Covarrubias. After his death, X appears two more times: in The Lone Gunmen origin story "Unusual Suspects," set before his death, and as a ghost in the series finale.
The Cleaner/Crew Cut Man
The Cleaner, better known as Crew Cut Man, is a character from The X-Files. He is portrayed by Lindsey Ginter.
The Crew Cut Man is an MIB assassin/saboteur employed by the Syndicate, specifically by the Cigarette Smoking Man. In the season one finale, "The Erlenmeyer Flask", Crew Cut Man is working with a couple of other Men in Black to terminate all evidence of a covert alien-human hybrid program, which Mulder was investigating. Mulder ends up being taken by the operatives, and, during the subsequent exchange for Mulder's life, Deep Throat is killed by Crew Cut Man.
Scully witnesses the murder and later, in the season two episode "Red Museum", she recognizes him during a case in remote Wisconsin, where secret experiments with alien DNA were being conducted. He is shot dead by a local sheriff as he tries to set fire to a warehouse where Mulder is trapped.
Like most Men in Black, little is known about Crew Cut Man. While Mulder was being held, his cell phone was left unanswered by Crew Cut Man, as he remarked that he had "this thing about unsecured lines."
Luis Cardinal/Hispanic Man
Luis Cardinal, portrayed by Lenny Britos. Initially only known as "Hispanic Man", he was a Nicaraguan mercenary working for Cigarette Smoking Man. Cardinal was trained at the School of the Americas facility, and was involved in the Iran-Contra affair. While briefly partnered with Alex Krycek, he killed Scully's sister, Melissa, in a case of mistaken identity. He was also the man who shot Assistant Director Skinner, who survived. He was later taken into custody by the Washington, D.C. Police Department, and was then hanged in his cell with the appearance of suicide to keep him silent.
Red-Haired Man
The Red-Haired Man, played by Stephen McHattie, is a Man in Black who worked for the First Elder, though he claimed to be an agent of the NSA. He worked as an assassin, garroting several Japanese scientists who had been working on an alien-human hybrid in the hopes of surviving colonisation. He nearly kills Mulder twice, but is eliminated by X in the season 3 episode "731". In the X-Files DVD collection, his name is given as "Malcolm Gerlach", though he is never named onscreen.
Grey-Haired Man
The Grey-Haired Man, played by Morris Panych, was first shown, along with other fellow MIB operatives, attempting to deter Skinner from reopening Melissa Scully's murder investigation. In "Herrenvolk", he assassinates X per the orders of the First Elder, after the Syndicate learns that X has been leaking information to Fox Mulder. He also appeared in the episodes "Memento Mori" and "Zero Sum". The Grey-Haired Man was originally intended to be The Smoking Man's henchman, but disappeared when the actor left. He is seen as a subordinate to both The Smoking Man and the First Elder. He also comes quite close to killing Mulder, tracking him down at a Syndicate facility, but ultimately Mulder escaped thanks to a bulletproof-glass window.
Jose Chung's Men in Black
Man in Black #1, played by Jesse Ventura in the comedic episode, "Jose Chung's From Outer Space". Acting more in line with (and in a parody of) real-world accounts of the Men in Black, he intimidated those who saw UFOs into questioning the reality of their accounts.
Man in Black #2, played by Alex Trebek, was the first Man in Black's partner in the same episode. As Men in Black are supposed to appear so ridiculous that stories of encountering them are widely disbelieved, this character's obvious resemblance to Trebek is played up as a plot point, with Jose Chung interrupting Scully to inquire as to whether she really meant to bring up "Alex Trebek? The game show host?"
Plain-Clothed Man
The Plain-Clothed Man, played by Tim Henry, was a subordinate of X. He was used to relay information to Fox Mulder, as it was too risky at the time for X to contact Mulder personally. He is eliminated by X at the end of the episode "Wetwired", in order to cover his tracks. The character of the Plain-Clothed man was conceived as an expendable cameo, as Steven Williams, the actor who played X, had scheduling problems due to L.A. Heat, necessitating a temporary character instead.
Dark Man/Moustache Man/Scott Garrett
Dark Man/Moustache Man/Scott Garrett, played by Greg Michaels, was a Man in Black employed to aid a Syndicate cover-up. whilst listed in the episode credits as "Scott Garrett", he was never named onscreen, and the credits from The X-Files DVD collection list him as "Dark Man". In spite of this, he is referred to by fans as the "Moustache Man". He was assigned to oversee a military cover-up of a plane crash caused by an alien spacecraft, deliberately sabotaging efforts to identify a former colleague who had been on the crashed plane. He accidentally killed Agent Pendrell while attempting to shoot a defecting conspirator in Scully's protection. He was later abducted by aliens whilst pursuing Mulder on a passenger flight, during an attempt to salvage alien technology.
Scott Ostelhoff
Scott Ostelhoff, played by Steve Makaj, was an MIB operative with Department of Defense credentials, working for the First Elder. He was tasked with murdering the members of an expedition team that was attempting to excavate a recently discovered alien corpse, which was actually an elaborate hoax. He was assigned for an unknown length of time to surveil Fox Mulder from the apartment above his. He is killed in a confrontation with Mulder, and his face destroyed with his own shotgun so as to allow Mulder to fake his own death.
Quiet Willy
Quiet Willy, played by Willy Ross, was an operative ordered by the First Elder to carry out the assassination of The Smoking Man, although this attempt was to prove unsuccessful. At a later date, he was appointed by the Well-Manicured Man to investigate the mysterious deaths by burning of Syndicate scientists involved in the human-alien hybrid program. During the course of this investigation, Quiet Willy apprehended Cassandra Spender, but was killed by the faceless rebels. His guise was later adopted by one of the Alien Bounty Hunters while tracking down one of these same rebels. Quiet Willy was never officially named in his appearances, his name being a fan coinage derived from his tacit nature and the name of the actor portraying him.
The Shooter
The Shooter, played by Martin Ferrero, was a marksman who only appeared in the season 5 finale, "The End". He was a former NSA agent and Special Forces operative with experience in assassinations. On orders from the Syndicate, he attempted to kill Gibson Praise with a sniper rifle during an international chess tournament. The attempt failed, as Gibson was able to telepathically discern what was about to happen, and The Shooter was taken into police custody. While in custody, he was shot through a slot in his cell door by his fellow Man in Black, the Black-Haired Man.
Black-Haired Man
The Black-Haired Man, played by Michael Shamus Wiles, is another Syndicate-employed marksman. He first appears in the season 5 finale, "The End", where he executes fellow Man in Black The Shooter. In the X-Files movie, he is seen leaving a building before it is blown up, and also surveils at least one of Fox Mulder's meetings with Alvin Kurtzweil. Later in the film, he kidnaps Scully while disguised as a paramedic, and almost kills Mulder when he fires at him point blank. He is later ordered to spy on Scully in the season 7 episode "En Ami", and almost kills her via sniper rifle, but is dispatched by his superior, The Smoking Man.
Morris Fletcher
Morris Fletcher is portrayed by Michael McKean. Fletcher was in charge of keeping all of Area 51's information out of the press, by all means necessary. He has claimed that in 1979, he found a young dinner theater actor named John Gillnitz in Tulsa, Oklahoma. He set him up as the President of Iraq under the name Saddam Hussein in order to distract the American public. During his time in Area 51, Fletcher met Ronald Reagan's family and Newt Gingrich.
In 1998, as a result of an incident with UFO technology accidentally caused by General Edward Wegman, Fletcher switched minds with FBI Special Agent Fox Mulder. During his time inhabiting Mulder's body, Fletcher revealed state secrets to The Lone Gunmen and helped improve Mulder's relationship with Assistant Director Alvin Kersh. When the warp reversed itself, and Mulder and Fletcher returned to their rightful bodies, they lost all memories of the events, and only a few changes actually occurred. The following year, Fletcher was among the visitors to Def-Con 99 in Las Vegas, Nevada. Two years later he appeared on The Lone Gunmen episode "All About Yves", where the Lone Gunmen attempt to trick him into revealing information about Area 51 and government involvement in UFO cover-ups. He then finds himself aiding the Gunmen in tracking down their enigmatic acquaintance Yves Adele Harlow in the belief that she worked for Romeo 61, a government-sponsored wetworks unit.
By 2002, he had left Area 51 and was working for an international arms dealer. He staged another hoax to once again catch Harlow, the arms dealer's daughter. Using FBI Special Agents John Doggett and Monica Reyes, Fletcher tracked down Harlow and helped prevent a massive genetically engineered virus from being released in New York City. The Lone Gunmen died from the virus and Fletcher was present at their funeral.
Howard Grodin and Jeff Smoodge
Howard Grodin and Jeff Smoodge, played by Michael Buchman Silver and Scott Allan Campbell respectively, were co-workers of Morris Fletcher at Area 51.
References
The X-Files characters
Fictional government investigations of the paranormal
Fictional secret societies | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Men%20in%20Black%20%28The%20X-Files%29 |
The El Monte Busway (also known as the I-10 ExpressLanes) is a shared-use express bus corridor (busway) and high occupancy toll (HOT) lanes running along Interstate 10 between Union Station in Downtown Los Angeles and Interstate 605 or El Monte Station in El Monte, California. Buses also make intermediate stops at Cal State LA station and LA County+USC Medical Center station. The busway opened in January 1973 to buses only, three-person carpools were allowed to enter in 1976, and the facility was converted to HOT lanes as part of the Metro ExpressLanes project on February 22, 2013.
The El Monte Busway is used by two bus rapid transit routes: the J Line, operated by Metro and the Silver Streak, operated by Foothill Transit. It is also used by several Metro Express and Foothill Transit bus services, most of which only run during weekday peak periods.
The busway now carries 16,000 bus passengers per day with 49 buses using the system each hour at peak times and was described by the United States Department of Transportation as one of the most successful HOV facilities in the country in 2002.
History
Construction
The El Monte Busway was conceived in 1969 as a way to allow travelers to avoid traffic on Interstate 10 (San Bernardino Freeway), promising an 18-minute trip between El Monte and Downtown Los Angeles, compared to 35–45 minutes in the general-purpose lanes. The project was developed jointly by the California Department of Public Works, Division of Highways (a predecessor of today's Caltrans) and the Southern California Rapid Transit District (SCRTD) (a predecessor of today's Los Angeles Metropolitan Transit Authority). The 53 million dollar project was paid with federal, state and SCRTD funding and was also intended to be an experiment testing the feasibility of joint highway-bus operations and to increase the overall people-carrying capacity of freeway corridors.
The project was built in a right of way located north of and in the median of the freeway that was owned by Southern Pacific Railroad who purchased it from the bankrupt Pacific Electric streetcar system. In exchange for giving up part of their property, Southern Pacific would get new tracks capable of handling heavier freight loads compared to the old streetcar tracks. The project would also include a viaduct in El Monte to elevate Southern Pacific trains as they moved between the area near the east end of the busway to the mainline tracks near the present-day El Monte Metrolink station.
The formal groundbreaking for the El Monte Busway took place on January 21, 1972.
The El Monte Busway opened in stages, with the seven-mile eastern segment between Interstate 710 (then-signed as SR 7) and Santa Anita Avenue opening in January 1973. The El Monte station near the Santa Anita Avenue terminus would open later on July 14, 1973. The eastern section is located in the median of Interstate 10, with only paint lines separating traffic on the busway from the general-purpose lanes. Railroad tracks are also located in the median, separated from vehicle traffic with concrete barriers.
The western segment has a unique design that took longer to build. Traveling from east to west, a flyover ramp near Interstate 710 moves the lanes north of Interstate 10 to a station near California State University, Los Angeles. Just west of the Cal State LA station, the westbound busway lanes crossover the eastbound lanes, reversing the normal placement of the lanes. The reversed lanes allow buses to serve a single island platform station at the Los Angeles County+USC Medical Center but prevent vehicles from entering the busway from the general-purpose lanes of Interstate 10 in the eastbound direction.
The LAC+USC Medical Center station was completed in November 1974, the four-mile western segment between Mission Avenue in Los Angeles and Interstate 710 was completed in January 1975, and the Cal State LA station was finished in February 1975. The entire 11-mile busway was dedicated on February 18, 1975.
The El Monte was extended to its present length of 12 miles in 1989 with the opening of a one-mile extension from Mission Road to Alameda Street near Los Angeles Union Station.
Opening to carpools
The busway was opened to vehicles with three or more occupants during the 1974 Southern California Rapid Transit District strike, which lasted 68 days between August and October. In 1976, the busway was converted into a shared-use express bus corridor and high occupancy vehicle (HOV) lane, with carpools and vanpools with three or more occupants permitted during peak hours only. HOV access was extended to weekends in 1977 and 24 hours a day in 1981. Opening the busway to HOVs had only minimal impact on bus running time and transit ridership remained stable.
The requirement that vehicles must have three or more occupants left the El Monte Busway out of alignment with California's other HOV lanes, which generally required only two or more occupants. State senator Hilda Solis (D-La Puente) authored State Bill 63, which would lower the occupancy requirement from three occupants to two for a 24-month experiment starting January 1, 2000, hoping it would increase carpool rates. Despite opposition from Caltrans, Foothill Transit and the Southern California Transit Advocates (a transit users' organization), the bill was passed the state legislature and signed into law by Governor Gray Davis in July 1999.
The experiment was a disaster, journey times increased by 20 to 30 minutes as speeds on the busway dropped from to which was slower than the general-purpose lanes of Interstate 10 where speeds also dropped from to . The change generated over 1,000 complaints to government agencies from bus riders and prior carpoolers. Solis at first defended the change, but by May, she supported Assembly Bill 769, which would rescind the change and restore the higher occupancy requirement during peak hours, which passed and took effect in July 2000. However, the lower two occupant requirement remained during off-peak hours and weekends.
Conversion to bus rapid transit and high occupancy toll
In the early 1990s, Caltrans built another busway in Los Angeles County, the Harbor Transitway from Los Angeles south to the new Harbor Gateway Transit Center. Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority (Metro) staff recognized that there was an opportunity to link the operationally similar Harbor Transitway and El Monte Busway, even suggesting to Caltrans that a direct connection be built between the two busways. In 1998, Metro studied the extension but found it expensive and technically challenging, and to date, there have been no further efforts to connect the busways directly. Ahead of the 1996 opening of the Harbor Transitway, Metro staff studied how to operate its buses on the new facility. In 1993, they recommended the creation of a dual hub-and-spoke ("dual hub") system with a trunk route that served both the Harbor Transitway and the El Monte Busway and the El Monte Station and Harbor Gateway Transit Center serving as hubs. Ultimately, the Metro Board of Directors decided to continue running bus routes on both the El Monte Busway and Harbor Freeway as they had before.
After the very successful launch of the Orange Line (now G Line), a new busway in the San Fernando Valley, Metro decided to rebrand the county's other busways in an attempt to increase awareness. In March 2006, Metro decided that the Harbor Transitway would be colored bronze and the El Monte Busway would be colored silver on Metro's maps, and the two would be marketed as a "Combined Transitway Service." No changes were made in the operations of the bus routes operated on the lines. The changes were criticized as being difficult to understand for irregular and new riders.
The first bus rapid transit route came to the El Monte Busway in 2007 when Foothill Transit introduced the Silver Streak. The line replaced Foothill Transit route 480, the agency's busiest line. The Silver Streak used higher-capacity vehicles and eliminated many of the off-freeway deviations and minor stops on Line 480.
Metro returned to its plan for a dual-hub route in 2009, proposing a new bus rapid transit service called the Silver Line (now J Line) utilizing both the El Monte Busway and the Harbor Transitway. The new higher frequency service would be funded by converting both corridors into high occupancy toll (HOT) lanes, to be branded as the Metro ExpressLanes. The Silver Line began operations on December 13, 2009, with Metro planning to refurbish the aging stations along both corridors over the coming years. The eastern section of the El Monte Busway, between Interstate 710 and El Monte was restriped to create two HOT lanes in each direction. The electronic toll collection equipment for the HOT lanes on the Harbor Transitway went into service on November 10, 2012. The El Monte Busway's HOT lanes opened on February 22, 2013.
By 2010, the El Monte Station has become one of the busiest bus terminals west of Chicago, with 22,000 boardings daily as of 2010. Starting in 2010, the old station was demolished and replaced in October 2012 with a new station capable of handling up to 40,000 passengers per day.
In January 2015, the Cal State LA and LA County+USC Medical Center stations were temporarily closed for one month for refurbishment and stairway and light replacement.
Transit Access Pass (TAP) card ticket vending machines were added to most stations in early 2017 to support all-door boarding on the Silver Line. Pre-payment of fares and all-door boarding reduces the time buses need to remain stopped at stations.
On November 1, 2020, a new transitway was opened on the south side of Patsaouras Transit Plaza to serve Union Station, funded in part by Metro ExpressLanes toll revenue. The station was originally scheduled to open in 2015, but project delays had pushed the opening back.
Entrances and exits
El Monte Busway can only be entered and exited at a few points.
Westbound entrances are at I-605 (from Interstate 10), Santa Anita Avenue (from Interstate 10), El Monte Station (buses only), Del Mar Avenue (ramp from street level), Fremont Avenue (from Interstate 10), and I-710 (buses from southbound I-710 only).
Westbound exits are at Santa Anita Avenue (to Interstate 10), Fremont Avenue (to Interstate 10), US 101, and Alameda Street
Eastbound entrances are at Alameda Street, Fremont Avenue (from Interstate 10), and Rosemead Boulevard/SR 19 (from Interstate 10)
Eastbound exits are at I-710 (buses to northbound I-710 only), Fremont Avenue (to Interstate 10), Del Mar Avenue (ramp to street level), Rosemead Boulevard/SR 19 (to Interstate 10), El Monte Station (buses only), and I-605 (to Interstate 10).
Tolls
, the high-occupancy toll (HOT) lanes are a 24/7 service. Solo drivers are tolled using a congestion pricing system based on the real-time levels of traffic. For two-person carpools, they are charged the posted toll during the peak hours between 5:00 am and 9:00 am, and between 4:00 pm and 7:00 pm; no toll is charged during off-peak hours. Carpools with three or more occupants are not charged. All tolls are collected using an open road tolling system, and therefore there are no toll booths to receive cash. Each vehicle using the HOT lanes is required to carry a FasTrak Flex transponder, with its switch set to indicate the number of the vehicle's occupants (1, 2, or 3 or more). Solo drivers may also use the FasTrak standard tag without the switch. Drivers without any FasTrak tag will be assessed a toll violation regardless of whether they qualified for free.
Bus services
A mix of Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority and Foothill Transit bus services utilize the El Monte Busway to operate between Downtown Los Angeles and various points in the San Gabriel Valley and Pomona Valley, as well as the San Bernardino County cities of Chino and Montclair.
Two bus rapid transit routes utilize the El Monte Busway: the J Line, operated by LA Metro and the Silver Streak, operated by Foothill Transit. These routes offer frequent service, 24 hours a day, seven days a week. Metro and Foothill Transit offer a reciprocal fare program where pass holders may ride either J Line or Silver Streak buses between Downtown Los Angeles and the El Monte Station.
The El Monte Busway is also used by Metro Express 487 and 489 along with Foothill Transit 490, 493, 495, 498, 499, and 699. Metro Express 487 operates all-day, seven days a week; the rest only run during weekday peak periods.
List of stations
The El Monte Busway has four stations served by the Metro J Line, the Silver Streak and is also served by Metro Express and Foothill Transit buses. The stations from west to east are:
References
SB 63 analysis
AB 769 analysis
External links
– includes FasTrak and other toll information for the HOT lanes
Foothill Transit
Los Angeles County Metropolitan Transportation Authority
Los Angeles Metro Busway
Southern California freeways
Busways
Toll roads in California
Transport infrastructure completed in 1973
1973 establishments in California
High-occupancy toll roads | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/El%20Monte%20Busway |
Lazarus Eitaro Salii (17 November 1936 – 20 August 1988) was a politician from Palau. He served as the second elected President of Palau from 25 October 1985 until his death by suicide on 20 August 1988, amid bribery allegations.
Salii was elected to the Senate of Micronesian Congress. He was involved in the Palau Constitutional Convention of 1978. After the Constitution took effect in 1981, he became an ambassador. As ambassador, he was given wide-ranging authority to negotiate with the U.S. ambassador. He was ambassador until 1984, when he became a senator, representing Koror in the Palau National Congress.
When President Haruo Remeliik was assassinated on 30 June 1985, Salii was elected in August to finish his term of office (although Thomas Remengesau and then Alfonso Oiterong served in the interim). Following his suicide by gunshot in 1988, he was succeeded by Vice President Remengesau as president for the remainder of his term, followed by Ngiratkel Etpison as the fifth president.
He was the elder brother of Carlos Salii.
References
1936 births
1988 deaths
Politicians who died by suicide
Members of the Senate of Palau
Presidents of Palau
Suicides in Palau
Heads of state who committed suicide
People from Angaur
Deaths by firearm in Palau
Ambassadors of Palau
Members of the Congress of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands
20th-century Palauan politicians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazarus%20Salii |
is a Japanese musical ensemble associated with Rising Production, consisting of members Keiko (piano, keyboard, vocals), Yui (violin), and Mariko (cello).
Members
Current members
Keiko — piano, keyboard, vocals
Yui — violin
— cello
Former members
Emilee — violin
Waka — flute
Discography
Extended plays
Singles
References
External links
Japanese pop music groups
Avex Group artists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vanilla%20Mood |
Death Valley Airport may refer to:
Furnace Creek Airport, in Death Valley National Park, California, United States (FAA: L06)
Stovepipe Wells Airport, in Death Valley National Park, California, United States (FAA: L09) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Death%20Valley%20Airport |
Robert Francis Wanzer (June 4, 1921 – January 23, 2016) was an American professional basketball player and coach. A five time NBA All-Star and three time All-NBA Second Team selection, Wanzer played his entire professional career for the Rochester Royals of the Basketball Association of America (BAA) and National Basketball Association (NBA). He won an NBA championship with the Royals in 1951. During his final two years as a player, he served as the team's player-coach. After he retired from playing in 1957, he remained as a coach with the Royals for one season, before he became the head coach of the St. John Fisher Cardinals college basketball team in 1963. He stayed in the role with the college for 24 years until his retirement in 1987. Wanzer was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1987 and into the newly formed New York City Basketball Hall of Fame in 1991.
College career and military service
A 6'0" guard, Wanzer played collegiately at Seton Hall University. After leading Seton Hall to a 16–2 record as a sophomore, Wanzer enlisted in the United States Marine Corps. He made the All-Pacific Armed Forces All-Star basketball team, and participated in the occupation of Guam.
Professional career
Wanzer was selected by the Rochester Royals in 1948. Royals star Bob Davies was a Seton Hall coach and steered the star guard to the NBL contender. Initially a reserve behind Al Cervi and Red Holzman, Wanzer later teamed with Davies to form a potent backcourt for the day. The Royals were very successful from 1947–1954, and their smaller stars, like Wanzer, were considered their biggest assets. With Wanzer, Rochester won the 1950–51 National Basketball Association (NBA) title.
Wanzer played his entire career with the Royals, retiring from play after the end of the 1957 season. He was a five-time All-Star with the Royals, made the All-NBA Second Team three consecutive times and, in the 1951–52 season, Wanzer became the first player to ever shoot over 90% from the free throw line in a season.
Coaching career
Wanzer served as the player-coach of the Royals for two years, and then, after the franchise moved to Cincinnati, coached for another season. His 1957–58 Cincinnati Royals team were an NBA championship contender, but injuries stopped the team short. When star Maurice Stokes was permanently injured, Wanzer moved on early the following NBA season.
In 1962, Wanzer became the first coach at St. John Fisher College in Pittsford, New York. He coached there for 24 seasons and also served as the school's athletic director.
Personal life
Wanzer died on January 23, 2016, at his home in Pittsford, New York.
Pre-deceased by his wife, Nina Penrose Wanzer and son-in-law Darrel Dupra he was survived by daughters, Mary and Beth Wanzer and son, Bobby (Nancy) Wanzer; grandchildren Jeff, Zach and Whitney Dupra, Marti and Madison Wanzer; great-granddaughter Seneca Hernandez Dupra; and sister, Marilyn (Robert) Ulrich.
Legacy
He was inducted into the Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame in 1987. He is also a member of the Seton Hall College Hall of Fame and the New York City Basketball Hall of Fame (1991), among others.
On August 17, 2007, Wanzer was inducted into the United States Marine Corps Sports Hall of Fame.
BAA/NBA career statistics
Regular season
Playoffs
References
External links
Basketball-Reference.com: Bobby Wanzer (as player)
Basketball-Reference.com: Bobby Wanzer (as coach)
1921 births
2016 deaths
Amateur Athletic Union men's basketball players
American men's basketball coaches
American men's basketball players
Basketball coaches from New York (state)
Cincinnati Royals head coaches
College men's basketball head coaches in the United States
Guards (basketball)
Naismith Memorial Basketball Hall of Fame inductees
National Basketball Association All-Stars
National Collegiate Basketball Hall of Fame inductees
Player-coaches
Rochester Royals draft picks
Rochester Royals head coaches
Rochester Royals players
Seton Hall Pirates men's basketball players
Basketball players from Brooklyn
United States Marine Corps personnel of World War II | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bobby%20Wanzer |
Solar Entertainment Corporation (simply known as Solar or SEC) is a Filipino media company based in Makati, Philippines. Founded and owned by the brothers, Wilson, William and Willy Tieng. Solar Entertainment operates two digital free-to-air channels and two cable channels. Solar also owns a film distribution company (Solar Pictures) and defunct freemium digital television service (Easy TV Home).
History
Film production and distribution
Solar Entertainment was founded and established by the brothers William Tieng, Wilson Tieng and Willy Tieng in 1976.
Solar Films was then formed in 1988 (one of the first films that distributed by Solar Films is Rambo III of Sylvester Stallone), bringing international films (and later, local films since 2009) to the Philippines. Since 2012, Solar has collaborated with independent film director Brillante Mendoza for a multiple film contract. On March 18, 2015, Solar launched the Sinag Maynila film festival is, which featured five films from a talented group of directors, each with a different vision and approach. The films were shown in select SM Cinemas from March 18 to 24, 2015. The winners were announced at the “Gabi ng Parangal” on March 22.
On April 2, 2004, Solar announced that they distribute films from United International Pictures (UIP, an joint venture of Viacom's Paramount Pictures and Vivendi Universal's Universal Pictures) in the Philippines starting with DreamWorks Animation's Shrek 2 on May 2004, until an temporary restraining order stopping UIP's operations in the country in March 2014.
Cable television
On January 1, 1994, Solar launched on cable television as the Solar Entertainment Channel.
On December 22, 2000, Solar acquired Domestic Satellite Philippines Inc. (DOMSAT) from the Philippine government through Presidential Commission on Good Government after Solar won the bidding for the franchise and assets formerly owned by DOMSAT, making DOMSAT a 100% Solar subsidiary. As a result, DOMSAT’s teleport is being used by Solar to produce, originate, and distribute its various television program services. Its full service digital broadcast teleport features server technology facility located in Barangay Sta. Cruz, Sumulong Highway, Antipolo, Rizal. It is built around two encoder platforms, Scientific Atlanta Power Vu Classic(DVB) and Motorola Digicipher II(MPEG-@). Program origination is done on a SeaChange Media Cluster Server System. The facility includes a 500-square-meter studio and various linear and non-linear production bays. Solar Entertainment first launched its namesake entertainment cable channel in the early 2000s, one devoted to American programs. This channel was later known as Solar USA (the acronym stands for "Ultimate in Suspense and Action"), and then later simply as USA before it was replaced by two separate channels.
In January 17, 2004, Solar launched on cable sports alternative channel as Sports Plus.
On March 1, 2004, Solar Entertainment launched ETC or Entertainment Central, which is positioned as the country’s premier cable female entertainment channel. ETC is a platform that brings its audience closer to their aspirational lifestyle, as embodied by their idols.
On April 5, 2005, it test launched delivering debuting service. Intended for a predominantly male audience, the company launched the country’s leading general entertainment cable channel, Jack TV, in July.
On October 15, 2005, Solar Entertainment launched a crime and action cable channel, Crime/Suspense or C/S.
On December 15, 2005, Solar Entertainment launched a spin-off channel to ETC, ETC 2nd Avenue, a lifestyle and general entertainment channel. Started as a test broadcast on December 15, 2005, and had its full launch in 2006. The channel was later renamed as 2nd Avenue on January 17, 2007.
On October 1, 2006, Sports Plus ceased broadcasting and replaced by the Basketball TV channel formed by Solar, while moving most of Sports Plus programs to Solar Sports.
As a broadcast company
On January 1, 2008, Solar Entertainment Corporation began to lease block airtime with terrestrial TV networks, RPN, SBN and RJTV. The move was a result of SkyCable pulling out C/S, ETC, and 2nd Avenue from the cable company's lineup at their own right. Those three started carrying shows from Solar's, with C/S on RPN, ETC on SBN, and 2nd Avenue on RJTV.
On May 22, 2009, a victory party for Manny "Pacman" Pacquiao, who just became the new IBO (International Boxing Organization) and Ring Magazine Light Welterweight Champion, was held at the Renaissance Hotel in Makati, in partnership with GMA Network Inc. Solar and GMA executives at that time signed for a partnership in TV coverage of Manny Pacquiao's upcoming boxing matches.
The C/S cable channel was later rebranded as C/S Origin in September 2008, while the RPN network later changed its branding to C/S 9 the next month.
On November 29, 2009, Solar rebranded C/S9 as Solar TV at 11:00 am with a slogan It's A Bright New World on RPN. On October 31, 2010, it changed some of its programming content to English/Tagalog with a new slogan Kung Saan Lahat Panalo!.
In mid-2010, GemCom sold all of its 97% equity share in SBN to Solar for Php 368.8 million. Since then, SBN became a fully owned subsidiary of Solar.
On February 11, 2011, SEC partnered with ABS-CBN Corporation to air National Basketball Association (NBA) games over free TV starting February 19, 2011. The games are aired on Studio 23 (now ABS-CBN Sports and Action later known as S+A) and ABS-CBN, but Solar still airs the games daily on BTV.
On March 2, 2011, after SEC acquired 34 percent of RPN's shares from the Philippine government as part of RPN/IBC privatization in 2011, Solar TV finally ventured into news at the end of 2011. On that same day, ETC moved to RPN while TalkTV launched over SBN. TalkTV was formed by then Solar-owned Solar Television Network. The first programs that aired on the channel were Dateline NBC, Today Show, Today's Talk, NBC Nightly News, Inside Edition, The Tonight Show with Jay Leno and Late Show with David Letterman.
On April 8, 2011, Solar Entertainment Corporation launched The Game Channel on Destiny Cable. It conducted its initial test broadcast from April 8, 2011, until September 29. It then began airing on BEAM Channel 31 on August 15, 2011, after BEAM and Solar signed an affiliation deal, which gave the latter the use of the former's facilities. Full broadcast started on September 30, 2011.
In May 2011, ETC launched the slogan "Young and Loving It". It also saw new programs such as the reality series The Rachel Zoe Project and Bachelor Pad, drama series Nikita, and The Secret Circle, US reality series The Glee Project, comedy shows like New Girl and 2 Broke Girls, and local lifestyle show Etcetera. In 2012, ETC includes the reality show American Idol, local programs like Project Runway Philippines (season 3), drama series The Lying Game, Emily Owens MD and Beauty and the Beast, and local infotainment show ETC HQ. In 2013, ETC aired comedy-drama series The Carrie Diaries, sitcom series Super Fun Night, supernatural drama series Ravenswood, horror fantasy drama series The Originals and among others.
Solar News, known for its back-to-basics and unbiased journalism, was formed in January 2012 during the coverage of the impeachment trial of former Chief Justice Renato Corona. Post-EDSA revolution ABS-CBN newsmen Pal Marquez, Jing Magsaysay and Pia Hontiveros together with former ANC anchors Claire Celdran, Mai Rodriguez and Nancy Irlanda, known as the pillars of Solar News. Most of its news reporters are from ABS-CBN and ANC, as well as from RPN NewsWatch.
On December 24, 2011, The Game Channel limited its broadcast on daytime sharing with a new programming service called CHASE which takes over the evening block. In February 2012, both services aired a promotion, announcing the split of CHASE and TGC to form themselves as separate channels. On February 15, 2012, The Game Channel finally shuts down on free TV and was relaunched as a cable channel; CHASE was also relaunched as a separate channel, now occupying the entire BEAM broadcast airtime on Free TV.
On April 3, 2012, Solar transferred its former Salcedo Village facilities to their new facility in Worldwide Corporate Center in Mandaluyong. It also featured a newly constructed set for Solar's then-news division, which would become fully functional three months later.
On July 16, 2012, Solar News launched its first local newscast Solar Network News, followed by Solar Nightly News, an hourly Solar News Update, Solar Daybreak, and Solar Newsday.
On September 7, 2012, Jack TV plugged their announcement through CHASE programs bearing the title "Another Jack TV is rising, coming soon on this channel" (BEAM Channel 31). This indicated that CHASE was being replaced; finally, on October 20, 2012, Jack City was then launched, marking October 19 as the end of CHASE's broadcasts. Jack City still does carry some of CHASE's programs however.
In October 2012, it was found out that Solar News would replace the government-controlled RPN News, as a result of RPN's privatization, making Solar TV covering the entire network's airtime. More than 200 RPN employees, particularly those from the labor union and the NewsWatch staff, were retrenched and RPN News was closed down on October 29, effectively axing NewsWatch and NewsCap. Some retrenched government employees were relocated to either People's Television Network (PTV 4) or Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation (IBC 13) (both State-run broadcasters).
On October 30, 2012, at 5:45 am, TalkTV was replaced as Solar News Channel on Channel 21 via SBN. The channel saw the relaunch of sports news program Solar Sports Desk (now known as CNN Philippines Sports Desk), as well as the initial telecast of the Solar News and Current affairs block in November 2012 comprising five public affairs programs (Legal HD, MedTalk, News.PH, Opposing Views, Elections 2013 and News Cafe), 60 Minutes, Top Gear, Undercover Boss and the "Stories" documentaries block. In January 2013, Solar News Cebuano (now known as CNN Philippines Cebuano News) made history as the first national newscast delivered in a local dialect. In 2014, it also launched the Kapampangan national newscast, Kapampangan News and the public service program Serbisyo All Access, which is shown in Filipino language.
Prior to the channel's transfer to RPN, SNC's flagship newscast (Solar Network News) simulcasted on RPN 9 (free TV only) from the SNC's launch. The news content for RPN (then affiliated with ETC), however, was switched to Solar Nightly News on January 14, 2013, onwards, to avoid backlash from free TV viewers, particularly Free TV viewers of American Idol (in which the original plan was to replace the 6 pm via satellite broadcast to Free TV viewers by Network News, then airs the AI episodes at the 8 pm rerun in simulcast with cable and satellite viewers). Throughout the American Idol season, as the episodes are repeated at 8 PM on cable, Solar used the separate free TV-only feed, that contains reruns of selected ETC shows (but with advertisements replaced by ETC teasers and promotions) at 8 pm and Nightly News at 9 PM (with additional ETC programs, if necessary) to be used by RPN after each AI via satellite episode before RPN returns to the main ETC feed at 10 PM. This is to retain RPN's news content as it then has no newscast since the axing of NewsWatch.
On January 3, 2013, SEC launched Blink Cinema (later renamed as My Movie Channel) with the full broadcast taking effect later that month.
On April 14, 2013, TV5 Network Inc. and Solar Entertainment Corporation joined to broadcast the 2013 FIBA Asia Championship in Manila on Philippine television on August 1–11. Aside from TV5 and its sister channel (AksyonTV), the games were also broadcast over Solar’s cable channel Basketball TV.
New management
On May 22, 2013, Solar Entertainment Corporation appointed two officers to manage its broadcasting and cable businesses: Manuel “Meckoy” Quiogue as chief commercial officer and Maria Theresa “Mitos” Borromeo as chief operating officer (COO). Quiogue, however, suddenly died on May 31, 2013, prior to assuming his position.
On June 28, 2013, Jack City reduced its free TV broadcast to 18 hours a day on BEAM in compliance with the National Telecommunications Commission's guidelines. However, it still continues to air as a cable channel 24 hours a day.
On November 9, 2013, San Miguel Corporation's president and COO, Ramon Ang, explored the possibility of acquiring a controlling stake in Solar Entertainment Corporation in his personal capacity. However, no further announcements were made after this and Ang subsequently reached an agreement to acquire a minority stake.
Solar News Channel and its partnership moved to RPN 9 on December 1, 2013, while ETC returned to SBN Channel 21 a day before. (ETC was aired on SBN-21 from 2008 to 2011 then to RPN-9 from 2011 to 2013), as well as the launch of Solar's video-on-demand website Blink. As a result of the channel swap (on RPN's part), Network News and Nightly News became newscasts on its own right.
In 2014, Solar Entertainment's Solar One Boracay happened during the Labor Day weekend to showcase its channels (ETC, 2nd Avenue, JackTV, JackCITY, My Movie Channel, The Game Channel, Solar Sports, BTV and NBA Premium TV) through various summer activities all over the island.
On August 20, 2014, Solar Entertainment Corporation chief Wilson Tieng announced that he ceded his entire share on Solar TV Network, Inc., including its 34% majority share on RPN, to Antonio Cabangon Chua, owner of business daily BusinessMirror and Aliw Broadcasting Corporation. Tieng sold Solar TV because they were losing money for operations after purchasing RPN. As a result of this ownership change, STVNI, Solar News Channel and RPN's majority stake were separated from the Tiengs; while ETC, 2nd Avenue, and Jack City reverted to Solar Entertainment's ownership.
On September 1, 2014, Jack City ended its run on free TV due to the preparations being made by BEAM 31 for the incoming transition to ISDB-T digital television, though it continues to be broadcast as a separate cable channel. However, Jack City continued to broadcast on cable networks until March 21, 2015. After Jack City's closure to free TV, BEAM aired under blocktime programs from various local production and religious companies. On November 15, 2014, BEAM began being carried on SkyCable and Destiny Cable subscribers (per compliance with NTC's "must-carry" basis). This move resulted of Jack City in a change of its channel assignment for SkyCable and Destiny Cable subscribers, as well as several pay TV companies.
In 2015, Solar Entertainment Corporation launched the #1stonPHTV brand of Solar channels for ETC, 2nd Avenue, Jack TV, Jack City and My Movie Channel, with the brand implemented on January 6, 2015. Since then, all SEC channels broadcast first-run foreign television programs with the hashtag #1stonPHTV (First on Philippine TV), which was formerly known as "Match Airing" (ETC), "Playing 1st" (Jack TV), "The Newest in the US" and "FastCast" (2nd Avenue) and "See It First" (Jack City).
The Game Channel, after almost three years on broadcasting, selling or ceased on February 28, 2015. The channel space was taken over by My Movie Channel on March 1.
On March 22, 2015, Jack City was replaced by CT, thus becoming independent from its parent network. Upon launch, the channel broadened its programming focus by adding talk shows, sitcoms and men's lifestyle programs to its roster.
On March 26, 2015, Solar Entertainment announced its broadcast of the "Fight Of The Century" between Manny Pacquiao and Floyd Mayweather Jr. on May 3, 2015. As stated in a press conference that day, it was broadcast on May 3 via delayed broadcast in three major television stations in the Philippines, ABS-CBN, TV5, and GMA Network (who waived its exclusive contract with Solar to allow its multi-network coverage, but maintained its exclusive live broadcast on its radio division), with Solar Sports as its main content provider for this historic event in boxing.
On July 1, 2015, My Movie Channel ceased broadcasting. The closure or selling was announced by Solar a day before.
Rebranding of the four flagship networks
On October 16, 2016, Solar relaunched its flagship channels ETC, 2nd Avenue, Basketball TV and Solar Sports. The four networks unveiled their new logos, on-air graphics and station IDs, which took effect on that day. CT, Jack TV, Shop TV and NBA Premium TV on the other hand remains unchanged. Also that day, Solar launched its corporate campaign slogan ...There's More To Come, which evolved in 2017 as We go for More.
In 2017, Solar Entertainment became the official Philippine broadcaster of the 65th edition of the Miss Universe in Manila. This led to another deal with ABS-CBN, TV5 and GMA (the second time that such deal happened between Solar and the Big 3 networks). According to some sources, a directive from President Duterte ordered that the major networks must cover the prestige pageant as it happens live in the Philippines. Alongside the Big Three, Solar Entertainment channels etc, 2nd Avenue, Jack TV and CT aired the pageant simultaneously. It was also in the same year when Solar Entertainment forged a joint venture with the Bermuda-based communications satellite company Asia Broadcast Satellite to launch the first nationwide free-to-air direct-to-home satellite television services using the C-band, which is set to launch on the 3rd quarter of the year.
Carriage disputes
Sky Cable
2008
Solar's channels have ceased airing on Sky Cable, the Philippines' largest cable television provider. An insider claims that these troubles with Sky Cable started when boxer Manny Pacquiao, whose fights Solar Entertainment has the exclusive right to air and distribute to, moved from ABS-CBN, the flagship television network of ABS-CBN Corporation and the primary owner of Sky Cable Corporation, to rival GMA Network. Another insider claims that SkyCable wanted to remove ETC and Jack TV to make room for their own channels, Velvet (now defunct) and Maxxx (now defunct). Sky Cable wanted to retain C/S, 2nd Avenue, Solar Sports and Basketball TV, but Solar made a decision that they would only renew their contract if Sky Cable carried all six channels. Thus, Solar decided to pull out all their channels rather than remove ETC and Jack TV.
However, Solar has signed a deal with local terrestrial channels ABC, RPN, SBN and RJTV for block-time programming. C/S, ETC and 2nd Avenue programming are seen on terrestrial TV channels RPN, SBN and RJTV, respectively, while NBA and WWE programming were seen on TV5, now moved to RPN (WWE programming are currently being broadcast thru TV5, while its terrestrial NBA coverage were moved to ABS-CBN Sports under Solar).
Most of its channels were later returned to Sky Cable, while Jack TV would eventually return to its lineup on October 1, 2010, replacing Maxxx.
Meanwhile, Pacquiao's boxing promotion, Top Rank, signed a non-guaranteed contract with ABS-CBN Sports to exclusively air fights promoted by Top Rank, with the exception of Pacquiao fights which are still signed exclusively through Solar Entertainment.
2017–2019
On April 10, 2017, 3 days before the 2017 NBA Playoffs was scheduled to begin (and coincided with the final day of the 2016–17 NBA regular season), Basketball TV, NBA Premium TV, Solar Sports, Jack TV and CT (now defunct) were removed by Solar from Sky Cable (including Sky Direct, Destiny Cable & Sky On Demand thru video on demand) without any prior announcement from Solar. Initially, both Basketball TV and NBA Premium TV were replaced by airing a simulcast of ABS-CBN Sports and Action with a ticker announcing the unavailability of the channels, with Solar Sports, Jack TV and CT (now defunct) also doing the latter albeit with a black screen. Later, almost all of the pulled-out Solar channels were replaced by an imaging card, initially detailing the unavailability of the channels and then later, announcing that they will discuss with Solar on returning the aforementioned channels; while for BTV and NBA Premium TV, a schedule of the NBA games that will air on ABS-CBN, ABS-CBN Sports and Action and Fox Sports within the week and a loop of an NBA promo. Solar did not comment on the situation for the removal of the channels, but sources and some netizens pointed out a carriage dispute between the two parties for not paying an undisclosed price to continue broadcasting these channels, which was later proven true by an article published by the Philippine Daily Inquirer.
As the dispute continued, some media enthusiasts and netizens raised concerns of whether these Solar channels will return to Sky and/or Destiny. Others pointed that inaction between the two parties could affect the next long-term local broadcast franchise with the NBA, slated to begin at the Association's 2019-2020 regular season. (Solar and Sky's parent, ABS-CBN, would share the airing of NBA games on pay and terrestrial television. Rumours circulated that both networks may bid separately, if they could not reach renewal, and use their respective infrastructure to broadcast adequate NBA coverage. Otherwise, rival networks with a functioning sports department like The 5 Network may also seek their own bidding to take over the 2019 contract from both Solar and ABS-CBN.)
Netizens and viewers were dismayed and frustrated by the removal of the said channels by Sky Cable, most notably for BTV and NBA Premium due to the importance of the Playoffs. Some netizens were angered by the removal of the said channels and asked Sky Cable to return the channels before the scheduled Playoffs would begin, however Sky Cable would respond to angered netizens on social media that they are "fixing the situation with Solar". Other netizens and viewers would otherwise switch providers from Sky Cable to other cable companies that carried these channels or to other satellite providers like Cignal.
On October 16, 2018, Basketball TV and NBA Premium TV returned to Sky Cable, Sky Direct, & Sky On Demand after an 18 month absence; however it was removed on October 28, 2018, for unknown reasons.
The carriage dispute officially ended on January 1, 2019, when all Solar channels: Basketball TV, NBA Premium TV, Solar Sports, and Jack TV were restored on Sky (including Sky On Demand & Sky Direct).
Ironically, MTVph, which is a Solar channel, ended its operations on the same day at that time Sky resumed the affected Solar channels. As of 2019, Sky's sister company Destiny Cable still did not carry all the aforementioned Solar channels despite its aforementioned return on Sky Cable.
During the aforementioned period, Shop TV, ETC and 2nd Avenue (now defunct) were kept on-the-air, due to the "must-carry" rules by the NTC. MTVph was also kept on the air (until it was discontinued on January 1, 2019) since it was carried in a separate programming agreement outside of the affected channels despite its ownership.
Dream Satellite TV
Dream Satellite TV ceased carrying three Solar Channels, namely Solar Sports, ETC (which was at that time a cable channel prior to its move to free TV and cable) and 2nd Avenue (now defunct) (except C/S 9) effective February 1, 2009. Dream's carriage contract with Solar Entertainment, which expired on December 31, 2008, was not renewed by Dream, citing financial constraints as its main reason. The three Solar channels were replaced by A&E's The History Channel, Biography Channel and Crime and Investigation Channel. As of 2017, ETC and 2nd Avenue remained on its lineup due to the "must-carry" rules of the NTC.
Unfortunately, Dream Satellite ended its operations on December 31, 2017, due to bankruptcy and its competition with other satellite providers.
Divisions / Subsidiaries
ETC Productions
Blink
Solar Pictures
Domestic Satellite Philippines, Inc. (DOMSAT)
Southern Broadcasting Network (acquired in 2010 from Lucio Co's Gem Communications Holdings Corporation)
Solar Digital Media Holdings (operator of Solar's digital television service Easy TV Home)
Filmography of Solar Pictures
Notable local films released or distributed by Solar Pictures
Syota ng Bayan (2001)
Batas Militar (2006)
Pacquiao: The Movie (2006) - with Star Cinema
Anak Ng Kumander (2007)
Ang Tanging Pamilya (2009) - with Star Cinema
Kimmy Dora: Kambal sa Kiyeme (2009) - with Star Cinema
Wapakman (2009)
Flames of Love (2012)
Sapi (2013)
Mumbai Love (2014)
Bonifacio: Ang Unang Pangulo (2014)
Kid Kulafu (2015) - with Star Cinema
Ma' Rosa (2016)
Mulat (2016)
Apocalypse Child (2016)
Ang Larawan (2017, 43rd Metro Manila Film Festival's Best Picture)
Siargao (2017, 43rd Metro Manila Film Festival's 2nd Best Picture)
Citizen Jake (2018)
Mary, Marry Me (2018)
Rainbow's Sunset (2018)
Broadcast assets
Terrestrial TV channels
Shop TV (2005–present, digital platform only)
Solar Flix (SBN 21: 2022–present)
Solar Learning (2020–present, digital platform only)
Cable TV channels
Front Row Channel (2020–present, joint venture with Jungo TV)
Scream Flix (2022-present, joint venture with Jungo TV)
Solar All Access (2002–present, formerly Solar Sports PPV)
Solar Sports (1994–present, formerly Solar Entertainment Channel)
Former subsidiary, divisions and broadcast assets
Nine Media Corporation (formerly, Solar Television Network, Inc.; sold to ALC Group of Companies)
Solar News Channel (2012–2014)
Radio Philippines Network (34%)
Intercontinental Broadcasting Corporation (For NBA, Shop TV & Jai-Alai Games)
Rajah Broadcasting Network
Defunct cable channels and former digital TV distribution
2nd Avenue (Cable TV: 2005–2018, RJTV 29: 2008–2018, formerly ETC 2nd Avenue)
9TV (34%)1
Aniplus Asia (2018–2019)
BTV (2006–2019)
Boo (2018–2019)
C/S Origin (2008–2009)
C/S 9 (Cable TV: 2005–2007, RPN 9: 2008–2009)
CT (2015–2017)
Chase (BEAM TV 31: 2011–2012)
Hallmark Channel/Diva Universal Philippines (2009–2013)2
eGG Network (2020–2022, channel distribution only)
ETC (Cable TV: 2004–2022, SBN 21: 2008–2011, 2013–2022, RPN 9: 2011–2013)
Gone Viral TV (2018–2019)
Jack City (BEAM TV 31: 2012–2014, Cable TV: 2014–2015)
Jack TV (2005–2020, now on web portal)
K-Plus (2018–2019)
Living Asia Channel (2019)
MTV (2018–2019)
MTVph (2017–2018)3
Blink Cinema/My Movie Channel (2013–2015)
NBA League Pass
NBA Premium TV (2010–2019)
Outdoor Channel (2018–2019)
Playboy TV (2001-2005)
Solar News Channel (34%)4
Sports Plus (2004–2006)
Solar TV (RPN 9: 2009–2011)
Solar USA (2001–2005)
Talk TV (SBN 21: 2011–2012)
Telenovela Channel (2019)
TGC (BEAM TV 31: 2011–2012, Cable TV: 2011, 2012–2015)
SciFi/Universal Channel Philippines (2009–2012)2
Zee Sine (2018–2019)
ZooMoo (2018–2019)
See also
Solar Learning
References
External links
Media Ownership Monitor Philippines - Media Companies: A Duopoly Rules by VERA Files and Reporters Without Borders
Mass media companies of the Philippines
Entertainment companies of the Philippines
Philippine radio networks
Television networks in the Philippines
Television production companies of the Philippines
Television in Metro Manila
Mass media companies established in 1976
Mass media companies established in 1988
Mass media companies established in 2008
Television channels and stations established in 2000
Television channels and stations established in 2008
1976 establishments in the Philippines
1988 establishments in the Philippines
2008 establishments in the Philippines
Companies based in Mandaluyong
Privately held companies of the Philippines | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Solar%20Entertainment%20Corporation |
A bank officer is an employee of a bank endowed with the legal capacity to agree to and sign documents on behalf of the institution. The title is usually held by branch managers, assistant managers, loan officers, and other experienced personnel. Executives and others holding titles such as "vice president" are considered officers of the bank for legal purposes.
The title is also used to designate those branch personnel who act in a supervisory capacity. In larger banks, an officer at the branch level sometimes reviews accounts and makes decisions on whether to honour NSF items or to return them. Such decisions are usually left up to those who are legally responsible to act on behalf of the bank.
See also
Bank
Executive officer
Chief financial officer
Banking terms | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bank%20officer |
The prediction theory of law was a key component of the Oliver Wendell Holmes's jurisprudential philosophy. At its most basic, the theory is an attempted refutation of most previous definitions of the law. Holmes believed that the law should be defined as a prediction, most specifically, a prediction of how the courts behave. His rationale was based on an argument regarding the opinion of a "bad man." Bad men, Holmes argued in his speech "The Path of the Law", care little for ethics or lofty conceptions of natural law; instead they care simply about staying out of jail and avoiding the payment of damages. In Holmes's mind, therefore, it was most useful to define "the law" as a prediction of what will bring punishment or other consequences from a court.
The theory played a key role in influencing American legal realism.
H. L. A. Hart criticized the theories in his The Concept of Law (1961). He argued that (1) they were blind to the internal point of view towards law, the sense shared by officials and law-abiding citizens that rules of law 'ought' to be obeyed, and (2) they undervalue "the ways in which the law is used to control, to guide, and to plan life out of court." As for the 'bad man', Hart asks, "Why should not law be equally if not more concerned with the 'puzzled man' or 'ignorant man' who is willing to do what is required, if only he can be told what it is? Or with the 'man who wishes to arrange his affairs' if only he can be told how to do it?"
See also
Judicial activism
Pragmatism
Rule according to higher law
Rational egoism
Notes
References
Hart, H.L.A. The Concept of Law. 1961: Clarendon Press.
Theories of law
Oliver Wendell Holmes Jr. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Prediction%20theory%20of%20law |
The Wayward Bus is the second studio album by American indie pop band The Magnetic Fields, released in 1992 by the band's own label, PoPuP Records.
As with the band's first release, Distant Plastic Trees, Susan Anway sings lead vocals on The Wayward Bus. The Wayward Bus is the last album featuring Anway, as she left the band to move interstate; Stephin Merritt subsequently assumed vocal duties.
Merritt composed all of the album's songs but collaborated with a number of other musicians in recording the album, and they play various acoustic instruments. The Wayward Bus is unlike Distant Plastic Trees in this regard; the earlier album was synthesiser-based, and this synthesised instrumentation was performed exclusively by Merritt.
Merritt acknowledged the influence of Phil Spector on the first half of the album: "It's a comment about Phil Spector songs. The second half is whatever I had lying around. Most people listen just to the first half of the record and assume it's all like that, a Phil Spector tribute or something, which it really isn't."
The front cover was painted by Wendy Smith, the girlfriend of Stuart Moxham from Young Marble Giants, and the title of the album is taken from the John Steinbeck novel The Wayward Bus.
Release
In 1994, The Wayward Bus was released by Merge Records in a compilation with Distant Plastic Trees. In 2016, Merge reissued this compilation as a double LP set.
Track listing
Personnel
Stephin Merritt – songwriting, instrumentation and production
Claudia Gonson – cocktail drums
Sam Davol – cello
Additional personnel
Susan Anway – vocals
Johny Blood – tuba, horns
Wendy Smith – album cover
References
The Magnetic Fields albums
1992 albums
Merge Records albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Wayward%20Bus%20%28album%29 |
The Lerma River () is Mexico's second longest river.
It is a river in west-central Mexico that begins in Mexican Plateau at an altitude over above sea level, and ends where it empties into Lake Chapala, Mexico's largest lake, near Guadalajara, Jalisco. Lake Chapala is also the starting point of Río Grande de Santiago, which some treat as a continuation of the Lerma River. In combination, the two are often called the Lerma Santiago River ().
The Lerma River is notorious for its pollution, but the water quality has demonstrated considerable improvement in recent years due mostly to government environmental programs and through a vast program of upgrading local sanitation infrastructure.
Course
The Lerma River originates from the Lerma lagoons near Almoloya del Río, on a plateau more than above sea level, and southeast from the city of Toluca. The lagoons receive their water from springs rising from basaltic volcanics that flow down from Monte de Las Cruces. These are located between the Valley of Toluca and the Basin of Mexico.
The river forms the short border between the states of Querétaro and Michoacán then flows west-northwest through the state of Guanajuato. After turning southward, the river separates Guanajuato and Michoacán, and Michoacán and Jalisco before flowing, after a course of about , into Lake Chapala, west-southwest of La Barca. It has a length of . When it empties into Lake Chapala, the system stands at above sea level.
Some people consider the long Río Grande de Santiago, which continues from Lake Chapala northwest towards the Pacific Ocean, to be a continuation of the Lerma River.
Importance in Mexico
During the 17th and 18th centuries, large haciendas were established along this river, including the Atenco Ranch, which was founded with bulls that belonged to Hernán Cortés. The bulls from this area are considered some of the finest stock for bullfighting. The river is dotted with cities such as Lerma and San Mateo Atenco to small picturesque villages with cultural significance such as Malinalco.
The Lerma River–Lake Chapala basin is considered to be the most important watershed in the country by the federal government. With its major tributaries, the Laja, Apaseo, and Turbio the Lerma constitutes Mexico's largest river system. The Lerma River is not navigable by water craft, but it is critical to regional agricultural irrigation. In the Lerma River/Lake Chapala watershed, 52,125 of the total 78,000 (roughly 67%) farmers are classified as small farmers. Currently 820,000 hectares are irrigated and an estimated three million hectares are in agricultural production.
The population in the watershed as of 1997 was 9.35 million with an annual growth rate slightly less than the national average. The population is distributed among 6,224 localities; 18 of these have a population greater than 50,000 inhabitants. The rural population is currently 32 per cent. The Lerma's water is also a source for the municipal water supply in the Guadalajara and Toluca metropolitan areas. While water extraction and use has been adequate for the region's larger population centers, rural areas have had chronic problems with access to potable water from the river and the aquifers that feed it. Wells drilled into these aquifers have very low yields.
Ecology
The Lerma–Chapala–Grande de Santiago basin and associated systems are rich in freshwater fish, being the home of more than 100 native species and 19 introduced species. Among the natives, the two most diverse families are the splitfins and Neotropical silversides (each has about of the native species in the basin), followed by the poeciliids and cyprinids (each has about of the native species in the basin). Among these are many endemics, including several Chirostoma ("charales") silversides, several splitfins, a few Poeciliopsis livebearers, a few Algansea chubs, two Yuriria chubs, a few Notropis shiners, two Ictalurus catfish, two Tetrapleurodon lampreys, and more. Many of these are threatened, and a few Chirostoma silversides and all three Evarra chubs are already extinct.
The Lerma–Chapala–Grande de Santiago basin and associated systems have four endemic cambarid crayfish: Cambarellus chapalanus, C. lermensis, C. prolixus and Procambarus digueti.
Pollution
The Lerma River has had chronic problems with pollution. Most of the problems are due to untreated and under-treated wastewater being discharged into the river. Reservoirs constructed to control the highly varied flow of the river are often choked with water hyacinths due to eutrophication caused by the untreated effluents. The most important industries in the Lerma River area are those that produce meat, dairy, produce, beverages, pulp and paper, leather goods, petrochemical and chemical products. Little or no emphasis on wastewater treatment and recycling has been imposed upon these economic activities.
The situation became extremely bad in the late 1980s because of uncoordinated water policies that did little or nothing to regulate water use among competing interests and failed to consider the effects of upstream activities to those living downstream. Government plans were drawn up due to intense public pressure leading to improvement of the water quality in the 1990s. By 1997, 45 plants with a treatment capacity of were operating on a regular basis with an average running efficiency of about 70 per cent. Six further treatment facilities were under construction to raise the regional capacity to . In Lake Chapala, into which the Lerma River flows, water quality improved from 90% of the lake having poor water quality in 1989 to 85% of the lake having good quality in 1997. However, the worst water quality was still closest where the Lerma River discharged into the lake.
However, in the decade beginning in 2000, contamination levels of the river system were alarming, with studies in Michoacán and Guanajuato documenting an increase in cancer and neurocysticercosis in populations that live near the river. The Lerma River portion of the Lerma–Chapala basin is considered to be the most polluted, especially in stretches closest to its source near Almoloya del Río. Since 2005, industrial contaminants have become a serious concern as well as the continuing loss of plant life in and around the river itself. In 2005, thousands of fish suddenly died in the river in the municipality of Pénjamo in Guanajuato state when effluent flow depleted the oxygen in that part of the river. The lower parts of the river, closer to Lake Chapala are in better shape because there is less urbanization there.
See also
List of longest rivers of Mexico
References
Further reading
Sánchez Rodríguez, Martín, "Mexico's Breadbasket: Agriculture and the Environment in the Bajío" in Christopher R. Boyer, A Land Between Waters: Environmental Histories of Modern Mexico. Tucson: University of Arizona Press 2012, pp. 50–72.
External links
Mexican Plateau
Natural history of Jalisco
Rivers of the State of Mexico
Rivers of Jalisco
Rivers of Guanajuato | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lerma%20River |
Manduca hannibal is a moth of the family Sphingidae.
Distribution
It is found from Mexico, Belize, Nicaragua and Costa Rica to Suriname, Venezuela, Ecuador, Brazil, Bolivia and north-eastern Argentina.
Description
The wingspan is 99–114 mm. There is a whitish subbasal band on the hindwing upperside and a generally rather large dirty white patch within the black central band near the anal angle.
Biology
There are multiple generations per year in Costa Rica, with adults recorded year round except January and March. In Bolivia, adults have been recorded in February, April, August, October and December.
The larvae feed on Aegiphila martinicensis.
Subspecies
Manduca hannibal hannibal (from Mexico, Belize, Nicaragua and Costa Rica to Surinam, Venezuela, Ecuador, Brazil and Bolivia)
Manduca hannibal hamilcar (Boisduval, 1875) (Brazil and north-eastern Argentina)
Manduca hannibal mayeri (Mooser, 1940) (Mexico)
References
Manduca
Moths described in 1779
Taxa named by Pieter Cramer | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manduca%20hannibal |
"Tombstone Blues" is a song by American singer-songwriter Bob Dylan, which was released as the second track on his sixth studio album Highway 61 Revisited (1965). The song was written by Dylan, and produced by Bob Johnston. Critical interpretations of the song have suggested that the song references the Vietnam War and US President Lyndon Baines Johnson.
Twelve takes of "Tombstone Blues" were recorded on July 29, 1965. The last of these takes was released on Highway 61 Revisited the following month. The song received acclaim from music critics, with critics praising the lyrics, music, and delivery. The album version, and out-takes, have been included on several later compilations. Dylan's official website lists 169 concert performances, from 1965 to 2006. Live versions have appeared on the albums Real Live (1984), MTV Unplugged (1995), and Shadow Kingdom (2023).
Background and recording
Bob Dylan recorded "Like a Rolling Stone" in mid-June 1965, with Tom Wilson as producer. Wilson had produced Dylan's albums The Times They Are a-Changin' (1964), Another Side of Bob Dylan (1964), and Bringing It All Back Home (1965); the last of these had been Dylan's first album with electric instruments. Following clashes between Dylan and Wilson in 1965, Bob Johnston replaced Wilson as Dylan's producer. After recording "Like a Rolling Stone", Dylan wrote a number of songs, including "Tombstone Blues", at his newly-purchased house in Byrdcliffe.
Twelve takes were recorded on July 29, 1965, at Columbia Studio A, 799 Seventh Avenue, New York. Dylan sang and played guitar and harmonica, accompanied by Mike Bloomfield on guitar, Paul Griffin on piano, Al Kooper on organ, Joe Macho, Jr. on bass, and Bobby Gregg on drums. The last of these takes, lasting five minutes and 58 seconds, was included as the second track (following the opener "Like a Rolling Stone") on Dylan's sixth studio album, Highway 61 Revisited, which was released on August 30, 1965. It was later included on his compilation albums Biograph (1985), The Original Mono Recordings, and The Best of the Original Mono Recordings (2010). Alternate takes were included on The Bootleg Series Vol. 7: No Direction Home: The Soundtrack (2005) and The Bootleg Series Vol. 12: The Cutting Edge 1965–1966 (2015). Backing vocals by The Chambers Brothers were recorded on August 3, and a version including them was eventually released on the Bloomfield retrospective From His Head to His Heart to His Hands (2014).
In the sleeve notes to Biograph, Dylan commented how he had felt that he had "broken through with this song, that nothing like it had been done before". He added that he had been inspired by overheard bar-room conversations between police officers about the death of criminals.
The critic Andy Gill describes the structure of the song as "paired four-line stanzas to the rhyme-scheme a/a/a/b, ddc/b". The album take has six choruses, five of which have identical words while the other differs slightly. In the first take, all of the choruses are unique, with the characters "Mama" and "Daddy" in different combinations of situations. The Dylan biographer Robert Shelton details the basic chords in the verse as "C, C7, F, and back to C", with a middle eight in which "F and C chords alternate".
"Tombstone Blues" has been described as folk rock, a term Dylan detested. Gill characterizes the music as a "fast blues shuffle", while Stephen Thomas Erlewine of AllMusic considers it to be garage rock. The Dylan scholar Michael Gray regards Chuck Berry as an important influence on Dylan, and argues that "Dylan could never have written 'Tombstone Blues' without Chuck Berry". Gill also detects the influence of Berry on the song, as well as the Woody Guthrie and Pete Seeger song "Taking It Easy", which has a repetitive chorus about a mother in the kitchen that is emulated by Dylan's song.
Lyrics and interpretation
The authors Philippe Margotin and Jean-Michel Guesdon assert that the title of the song refers to Tombstone, Arizona, but literature scholar Richard Brown is more equivocal, suggesting that the title could represent "a rather doomy or morbid joke, an existential melancholy produced by an awareness of the inescapable condition of human mortality". The song contains several direct and indirect allusions to historical and characters and events. Paul Revere's horse, Belle Starr, Jack the Ripper, Galileo, Cecil B. DeMille, Ma Rainey, and Beethoven are all mentioned in the lyrics.
Dylan's biographer Robert Shelton writes that the song references the Vietnam War throughout, especially the title and the third and fourth verses. This interpretation is shared by other critics. In an early version, the song refers to a "blacksmith with freckles"; as the song develops in later takes, this becomes "John the blacksmith" and eventually "John the Baptist". The third verse includes:
The fourth verse includes:
Shelton sees President Lyndon Baines Johnson as the subject of the phrase "King of the Philistines". The political scholar Andrew Gamble remarked that this verse is "often been taken to be a direct reference to the escalating war in Vietnam".
David Boucher, an international relations scholar, describes the song as "not a narrative but instead a series of metaphors whose inspiration happens to be the Vietnam war". Political science scholar Jeff Taylor and historian Chad Israelson suggest that although "Tombstone Blues" is not overtly political, its theme is the mockery of authority. For the critic Mike Marqusee, the repetitive and routine lives of the narrator's parents in the choruses contrast with the "cruel antics of the rich and powerful" laid out in the verses.
The scholar of English Neil Corcoran reasons that as John the Baptist's commander-in-chief is Jesus Christ, the song is blasphemous; the same description was applied by Record Mirror reviewer Norman Jopling in his 1965 review.
Critical comments
Shelton finds the song funny, commenting on the outlandish juxtapositions, and praises both the lyrics and the musical performances, particularly the guitar playing. John Nogowski also extols the humor, and gives the album version an A rating, suggesting that it could only have been written by Dylan. In 2012, Jim Beviglia included the song at 36th place in his ranking of Dylan's "finest" songs, commending the memorable phrases from the lyrics and the song's "glorious anarchy". Another critic to highlight Bloomfield's contribution on guitar was Joe Levy of Rolling Stone. Bill Janovitz of AllMusic, despite remarking that the musicians seem to be out of time with each other, gave a positive assessment, and argued that with songs like "Tombstone Blues", Dylan opened up new possibilities for other artists.
Stephen King, who has spoken of his admiration for Dylan's work, quotes from "Tombstone Blues" at the end of his first published novel Carrie.
Live performances
Dylan's official website lists a total of 169 live performances of "Tombstone Blues", the most recent being in October 2006; after 1965 he did not perform the song live again until 1984. Although the website lists the first performance as being at Forest Hills Tennis Stadium on August 28, 1965, he actually debuted the song, in an acoustic version, at a Newport Folk Festival song workshop on July 24. The Forest Hills performance was heckled by a section of the crowd who resented his new musical direction. Performances later that year, at Carnegie Hall and the Mosque Theater, were more enthusiastically received by audiences, with the song being cheered as it started at the latter venue. A recording of the song from the Newcastle show of the Bob Dylan/Santana European Tour 1984, which featured Carlos Santana on guitar was included on Dylan's Real Live (1984). In Rolling Stone, Kurt Loder criticized the "formless arrangement" of the performance.
In 1994, Dylan recorded the song for his MTV Unplugged episode, and it was included on his MTV Unplugged album and video release of the show in 1995. The 2021 concert film Shadow Kingdom: The Early Songs of Bob Dylan includes a slower version of the song, which also appears on the related album Shadow Kingdom (2023). Rolling Stone reviewer Michaelangelo Matos wrote that the "mordant, mortality-steeped feeling doesn't bring the music down a bit".
Personnel
Musical credits adapted from the details for take 1 on The Bootleg Series, Vol. 12: Bob Dylan 1965–1966, The Best of the Cutting Edge, and from Olof Björner's website. Technical credits adapted from the Bob Dylan All the Songs: The Story Behind Every Track book.
Musicians
Bob Dylanvocals, guitar, harmonica
Mike Bloomfieldguitar
Paul Griffinpiano
Al Kooperorgan
Joe Macho, Jr.bass
Bobby Greggdrums
Technical personnel
Bob Johnstonproducer
Frank Laicosound engineering
Pete Dauriasound engineering
Ted Brosnansound engineering
References
Books
External links
Lyrics at Bob Dylan's official website
Chambers Brothers version at YouTube
Songs written by Bob Dylan
Bob Dylan songs
1965 songs
Song recordings produced by Bob Johnston | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tombstone%20Blues |
Alfonso Rebochong Oiterong (9 October 1924 – 30 August 1994) was a politician from Palau who served as the country's Vice President from 1981 to 1985. Despite internal problems in Palau during the Remeliik administration, Oiterong was perceived as an honest, capable and dedicated civil servant. In addition of the vice presidential post, he was the minister of state aka minister of foreign affairs.
When President Haruo Remeliik was assassinated, Oiterong returned from New York to Palau on 2 July to take office of the President. He served as President from 2 July to 25 October 1985. Oiterong lost the 1985 special election to Lazarus Salii.
References
1924 births
1994 deaths
Presidents of Palau
Vice presidents of Palau
Foreign Ministers of Palau
20th-century Palauan politicians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alfonso%20Oiterong |
"From a Buick 6" is a song by Bob Dylan from his album Highway 61 Revisited, which was also released as a single on the B-side of "Positively 4th Street". It was recorded on July 30, 1965.
Musical style
The song is a raucous blues song played recklessly by a band that included Al Kooper on organ and Mike Bloomfield on guitar. The guitar part is patterned after older blues riffs by Robert Johnson, Charlie Patton and Big Joe Williams. It also features a backbeat from drummer Bobby Gregg, a bass line from Harvey Brooks, and a soaring harmonica break. The song starts with a snare shot that is similar to the opening song of Highway 61 Revisited, "Like a Rolling Stone". It is essentially a 12-bar blues pattern, played with power chords, and is notable for Brooks' almost indiscernible substitution of an F in the tenth bar of all but the first verses, while the guitar and organ play the G-chord.
The song is partially based on Sleepy John Estes' 1930 song "Milk Cow Blues", even taking a few lyrics from the older song, but its approach is more similar to The Kinks' version of a Kokomo Arnold song that was also called "Milk Cow Blues".
Cash Box described it as a "rollicking, fast-moving blues-drenched folk rocker."
Legacy
"From a Buick 6" has been covered by musicians such as Gary U.S. Bonds, Mitch Ryder, Treat Her Right, Mike Wilhelm, Alex Taylor and Johnny Winter.
G. E. Smith performed "From a Buick 6" with Booker T. & The M.G.'s during the tribute concert for Dylan's 30th anniversary as a recording artist on October 16, 1992, at Madison Square Gardens in New York City.
The name of a 2002 novel by Stephen King, From a Buick 8 is adapted from the title of this song.
The Billy Bragg song "From a Vauxhall Velox" on the 1984 album Brewing Up with Billy Bragg was written as a response to "From a Buick 6".
References
External links
Lyrics at Bob Dylan's official website
Bob Dylan songs
Songs written by Bob Dylan
1965 songs
Song recordings produced by Bob Johnston
Columbia Records singles
American garage rock songs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/From%20a%20Buick%206 |
"Queen Jane Approximately" is a song from Bob Dylan's 1965 album Highway 61 Revisited. It was released as a single as the B-side to "One of Us Must Know (Sooner or Later)" in January 1966. It has also been covered by several artists, including the Grateful Dead and The Four Seasons.
Meaning
Similar to other Dylan songs of this period, "Queen Jane Approximately" has the singer criticizing the subject of the song, warning her of an imminent fall from grace. Although the song covers similar ground to "Like a Rolling Stone", "Queen Jane Approximately" is gentler and shows the subject some compassion. The main point of criticism is that the subject lives in an inauthentic world filled with superficial attitudes and people and meaningless, ritualized proprieties. However, the singer also invites the subject to come and see him if and when she is willing to break away from her superficial diversions and engage in an honest, authentic experience, or when she needs someone to ultimately pick up the pieces.
The song is structured in five verses, in which the first two deal with Queen Jane's relationship with her family, the second two deal with her relationship with her "courtiers" and the last deals with her relationship with bandits. This structure essentially maps out a path from those closest to her to a way out of her current situation, preparing for the last lines of the fifth verse where the narrator offers "And you want somebody you don't have to speak to / Won't you come see me Queen Jane?" The song incorporates several attitudes towards the subject, including condescension, self-righteousness, contempt, compassion as well as sneering.
Cash Box described Dylan's version as a "medium-paced, twangy heart-breaker." Cash Box described a cover version by the Daily Flash as a "funky, infectious, haunting reading of Dylan’s image filled tale of the travails of a young girl and a guy’s everlasting devotion."
Identity of Queen Jane
One of the persistent questions about the song is the identity of the Queen Jane to whom the title refers. Speculation about the subject has included Tudor queens Lady Jane Grey and Jane Seymour. Even more speculation has centered on Joan Baez, as the similarity of the names "Jane" and "Joan" allow the name 'Jane' to be a thinly veiled attempt to hide Baez's identity, Dylan's and Baez's reputations as the king and queen of folk music, and the souring of the relationship between Dylan and Baez around the time the song was written. However, in 1965 Dylan himself told journalist Nora Ephron that "Queen Jane is a man".
Style
The song is structured as a series of ABAB quatrain verses, with each verse followed by a chorus that is just a repeat of the last line of the verse, which is always "won't you come see me Queen Jane". Each B line ends with a rhyme on "ain", while the A lines each end with a double-syllable rhyme, such as "cheek to / speak to" or "lent you / resent you". The music is recorded with a "warts and all" philosophy consistent with the rest of the Highway 61 Revisited album. The electric guitar is out of tune and clashes with the organ and piano chords, the bass has Spanish inflections, and the mix is raw with a sound similar to garage rock. Musicians on "Queen Jane Approximately" include Dylan, Mike Bloomfield on electric guitars and Al Kooper and Paul Griffin on keyboards.
Live performances
Despite being originally recorded in 1965, Dylan did not perform the song live until July 4, 1987, during a concert with the Grateful Dead. A performance of the song from July 19, 1987, was officially released on the live album Dylan & The Dead. As of 2019, Dylan has performed the song 76 times, most recently on November 6, 2013, in Rome, Italy. In a 2005 poll of artists reported in Mojo, "Queen Jane Approximately" was listed as the number 70 all-time best Bob Dylan song.
Other versions
"Queen Jane Approximately" has been covered numerous times, including by Grateful Dead and The Four Seasons.
The song was also covered by Emma Swift for her 2020 Dylan tribute album Blonde on the Tracks.
References
External links
Lyrics
1965 songs
Bob Dylan songs
Grateful Dead songs
Songs written by Bob Dylan
1966 singles
Song recordings produced by Bob Johnston
American garage rock songs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Queen%20Jane%20Approximately |
John Arlen Patera (August 1, 1933 – October 31, 2018) was an American football player and coach in the National Football League (NFL). for the and and was an assistant coach for the and Patera was the first head coach of the with a career head coaching record of all with the Seahawks.
Early years
Born in Bismarck, North Dakota, Patera attended Washington High School in Upon graduation in 1951, he enrolled at the University of Oregon in Eugene, where he played college football for the Ducks from 1951 earning All-Pacific Coast Conference honors as a guard in his senior year. He was selected to play in the East–West Shrine Game, the and the College All-Star Game (in
In 1982, Patera was inducted into the Oregon Sports Hall of Fame. In 2000, he was inducted into the University of Oregon Athletics Hall of Fame.
Professional career
Baltimore Colts
Patera was selected by the Baltimore Colts in the fourth round (44th overall) of the 1955 NFL Draft. Although he was the left guard as a rookie, because of an injury to the starting middle linebacker, he was forced to play both offense and defense for three weeks, before concentrating fully on being the team's middle linebacker.
Patera played linebacker for three seasons under head coach Weeb Ewbank. After choosing not to switch back to offense, he was released on September 15, 1958.
Chicago Cardinals
On September 17, 1958, Patera was signed by the Chicago Cardinals and played for two seasons under head coach Frank Ivy.
Dallas Cowboys
In 1960, Patera was selected by the Dallas Cowboys in the expansion draft. Under head coach Tom Landry, he was designated as the first starting middle linebacker in franchise history. His playing career ended early when he re-injured his knee in the fourth game of the season against the Cleveland Browns. He was replaced with Jerry Tubbs.
Patera returned in 1961, but played in only two games and retired at the end of the season after not being fully recovered from his previous injury.
Coaching career
Assistant coach
His playing days over, Patera turned his attention to coaching and joined the Los Angeles Rams in 1963 as a defensive line coach. During his tenure with the Rams from 1963 to 1967, he was responsible for directing the Fearsome Foursome, one of the most dominating defensive lines in the NFL during the sixties.
In 1968, Patera became an assistant coach for the New York Giants, but left after one year to take an assistant coaching position with the Minnesota Vikings under head coach Bud Grant. As defensive line coach with the Vikings from 1969 through 1975, Patera worked with another very talented and dominant defensive line, nicknamed the Purple People Eaters. During this period, the Vikings went to three Super Bowls (IV, VIII, IX).
Head coach
In January , Patera was hired as the head coach for the expansion Shortly after arriving, he began the difficult task of building a competitive team from the ground up. Along with the Tampa Bay Buccaneers, the Seahawks selected 39 players through the expansion draft on 26 teams each protected 29 players on their rosters; Seattle and Tampa Bay alternated selections from the remaining pool of unprotected players. Acquiring quality veteran players via free agency was not an aspect of the league at that time. However, the Seahawks were awarded the second overall pick in the 1976 NFL Draft, a pick they used on defensive tackle Steve Niehaus, an All-America defensive tackle at Notre Dame, who went on to be a bust in the NFL, unlike fellow Fighting Irish defensive linemen Ross Browner and Mike Fanning, each of whom went on to start in a Super Bowl and enjoyed lengthy professional careers.
Since he would not have the player talent to compete with other NFL teams possessing superior power, speed and finesse, Patera resorted to a wide-open gambling style offense that was centered around a passing game using many creative gadget plays. "I had a team that could move the ball like hell, but couldn't stop anybody." Patera said, "So I figured that to win more ballgames we'd simply have to gamble more often. I would much rather have beaten teams on muscle and execution, but we just didn't have the talent."
Even with the lack of talent, Patera still found a way to win games, but in 1976, the Seahawks had a typical for a first year expansion team. showed promise for the future with quarterback Jim Zorn and wide receiver Steve Largent beginning to develop into a potent offensive combination and behind them, Seattle posted a in 1977. Seahawks improved in their third season, Patera was voted the NFL Coach of the Year in 1978 by the Associated Press and The Sporting News. The Seahawks were again in 1979, but had disappointing losing seasons in and .
As a head coach, Patera was considered to be a stern disciplinarian with strict rules of conduct. For example, he required players to hold their helmets a certain way on the sidelines during the playing of the national anthem. His players were required to wear coats and ties when traveling on the road. One of his most controversial rules was that he wouldn't allow players to have water breaks during practices at training camp in Cheney in eastern Washington, where temperatures frequently reached above in July and August, a common practice by many teams back then.
Patera's relationship with the local press in Seattle was stormy at times. He did not enjoy the constant questions about his coaching decisions and the dissection of his team's performance by the sports reporters. He once held a seven-second press conference after a particularly difficult loss in Seattle. After asking, "Any questions?", he left the room when reporters started giggling when none of them spoke up.
In , the players' association (NFLPA) was threatening to strike over deadlocked negotiations with NFL team owners to give a percentage of the gross revenues for player salaries. Patera's relationship with his players rapidly deteriorated when he first threatened and then fined players for participating in a union solidarity handshake with the opposing team at midfield during pre-season games (actually it was team management that made the decision; GM John Thompson was a former head of the NFL bargaining committee). When Sam McCullum, a popular player and union representative, was cut by Patera one week before the season started, it was speculated the release was done as retaliation for McCullum's union The release was eventually ruled an illegal termination in an "Unfair Labor Practice" lawsuit brought against the team by the NFLPA and McCullum.
After losing the first two games of the 1982 season, Patera was fired by the Seahawks on October 13, along with general manager The announcement was made by representing the Nordstrom family as majority owners. The firing occurred during the 57-day NFL players strike which had started on September 21. He was replaced by the Seahawks director of football operations, as the interim head coach for the remainder of the
Head coaching record
Personal life
After leaving the Seahawks, Patera never took another coaching position and completely retired from football. He resided east of Seattle in Cle Elum with his three dogs. He and his wife, Susan, were divorced after 44 years of marriage. They had four children, 9 grandchildren, and 11 great grandchildren.
Patera was the older brother of Olympic weightlifter and professional wrestler Ken Patera and San Francisco 49ers player Dennis Patera.
On a morning deer hunt east of Eugene in 1954, Patera accidentally shot and killed former Oregon teammate Ken Sweitzer, a graduate assistant with the team. It was ruled accidental and he was cleared of negligence.
Patera died at the age of 85 from pancreatic cancer on October 31, 2018.
References
External links
1933 births
2018 deaths
People from Cle Elum, Washington
Sportspeople from Bismarck, North Dakota
Sportspeople from Portland, Oregon
Players of American football from North Dakota
Players of American football from Portland, Oregon
American football guards
American football linebackers
Washington High School (Portland, Oregon) alumni
Oregon Ducks football players
Baltimore Colts players
Chicago Cardinals players
Dallas Cowboys players
Coaches of American football from North Dakota
Coaches of American football from Oregon
Los Angeles Rams coaches
New York Giants coaches
Minnesota Vikings coaches
Seattle Seahawks head coaches
Deaths from pancreatic cancer | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jack%20Patera |
"Just Like Tom Thumb's Blues" is a song written and performed by Bob Dylan. It was originally recorded on August 2, 1965, and released on the album Highway 61 Revisited. The song was later released on the compilation album Bob Dylan's Greatest Hits Vol. II and as two separate live versions recorded at concerts in 1966: the first of which appeared on the B-side of Dylan's "I Want You" single, with the second being released on The Bootleg Series Vol. 4: Bob Dylan Live 1966, The "Royal Albert Hall" Concert. The song has been covered by many artists, including Gordon Lightfoot, Nina Simone, Barry McGuire, Judy Collins, Frankie Miller, Linda Ronstadt, the Grateful Dead, Neil Young, The Black Crowes, Townes Van Zandt, and Bryan Ferry. Lightfoot's version was recorded only weeks after Dylan's original had been released and reached #3 on the Canadian RPM singles chart.
"Just Like Tom Thumb's Blues" has six verses but no chorus. The song's lyrics describe a vision of the narrator's experiences in Juarez, Mexico, where he encounters poverty, sickness, despair, available women, indifferent authorities, alcohol and drugs before finally deciding to return to New York City. The lyrics incorporate literary references to Malcolm Lowry's Under the Volcano, Edgar Allan Poe's "The Murders in the Rue Morgue" and Jack Kerouac's Desolation Angels, while the song's title references Arthur Rimbaud's "My Bohemian Life (Fantasy)". Music journalist Toby Creswell included it on his list of the 1001 greatest songs of all time, and music critic Dave Marsh ranked the live version of "Just Like Tom Thumb's Blues" from Liverpool, released as the B-side of "I Want You", as the #243 greatest single of all time.
Lyrics and music
"Just Like Tom Thumb's Blues" was recorded on August 2, 1965, at Columbia Studios in New York, the same day Dylan recorded "Ballad of a Thin Man", "Highway 61 Revisited" and "Queen Jane Approximately", three other songs that would appear on Highway 61 Revisited. However, "Just Like Tom Thumb's Blues" took more attempts to perfect than the other songs recorded that day; it wasn't until take 16 that Dylan and his band captured on tape the version that was released on the album. The backing musicians on the take that was used on Highway 61 Revisited were Mike Bloomfield on electric guitar, Al Kooper on Hohner Cembalet; a type of electro-mechanical piano, Paul Griffin on piano, Harvey Brooks on bass guitar and Bobby Gregg on drums.
According to Dylan biographer Clinton Heylin, on early takes of the song Sam Lay was the drummer and Frank Owens played piano. In Heylin's opinion, Gregg's jazzier drumming and Griffin's more fluid piano playing better communicated the feeling of dislocation that Dylan desired for the song. Take 5 of the song, which, according to Heylin, featured both Lay and Owens, was included on the 2005 album The Bootleg Series Vol. 7: No Direction Home: The Soundtrack. In 2015, the entire recording session was released on the 18-disc edition of The Bootleg Series Vol. 12: The Cutting Edge 1965–1966, while the 2-disc version of the album featured Take 3 and the 6-disc edition contained Takes 1, 3 and 13.
Lyrically, "Just Like Tom Thumb's Blues" in a way continues a descriptive road theme from the album's previous song, "Highway 61 Revisited." The singer finds himself at Easter in Juarez, Mexico, amidst sickness, despair, whores and saints. While there, he encounters corrupt authorities, loose women, drugs and alcohol. The song establishes an occasionally nightmarish vision as the singer is influenced by gravity, negativity, sex, drugs, drink, illness, remorse and memory. In the song's final verse, the singer decides he has had enough and announces his intention to leave and head back to New York City. Author Paul Williams has noted that scene and situation in the song are combined into "a gorgeous evocation of muddied consciousness". Despite the sordid details of the singer's experiences in Juarez, the lyrics maintain a wry sense of humor, and William Ruhlmann of the AllMusic website wrote that the song would have been considered a "comic tour de force" if it hadn't tended to be overshadowed by Dylan's other songs of the period.
During a concert in Sydney, New South Wales, Australia in April 1966, Dylan said of the song, "This is, this is called Tom Thumb. This story takes place outside of Mexico City. It begins in Mexico City and it ends really in Des Moines, Iowa, but it's all about this painter, he's a quite older fellow, he comes from Juarez, Juarez is down cross of Texas border, some few feets, and he's a painter. He's very very well-known painter in the area there and we all call him Tom Thumb and when Tom Thumb was going through his blue period, this is one of the most important times of his whole life and he's going to sell many many paintings now taken from his blue period and this is all about Tom Thumb and his early days and so we name this Just Like Tom Thumb's Blues."
Like many of the songs on Highway 61 Revisited, "Just Like Tom Thumb's Blues" has abundant literary references, including images recalling Malcolm Lowry's novel Under the Volcano and a street name taken from Edgar Allan Poe's short story "The Murders in the Rue Morgue". The song also uses the phrase "Housing Project hill" from Jack Kerouac's novel Desolation Angels. A number of Dylan biographers, including Colin Irwin, Robert Shelton and Andy Gill, have suggested that the song's title makes reference to Arthur Rimbaud's poem "My Bohemian Life (Fantasy)", in which Rimbaud refers to himself as "Tom Thumb in a daze." In addition, some commentators have suggested that there may be a musical reference in the lines "And she takes your voice/And leaves you howling at the moon," since "Howlin' at the Moon" is the title of a song by the country singer-songwriter Hank Williams, whom Dylan admired.
Musically, "Just Like Tom Thumb's Blues" consists of no chorus, but six verses, varied by a handful of chords and Dylan's vocal emphasis. Keyboards, drums and vocals provide texture, while Mike Bloomfield plays Latin Americanesque fills on electric guitar. The keyboard parts in particular make innovative use of two different pianos, with Al Kooper playing an electric Hohner Cembalet and Paul Griffin adding a barroom feel on tack piano.
Other appearances and acclaim
In addition to its appearance on the Highway 61 Revisited album, "Just Like Tom Thumb's Blues" was also included on the compilation album Bob Dylan's Greatest Hits Vol. II (known as More Bob Dylan Greatest Hits in Europe) and on another compilation released exclusively in Europe titled Bob Dylan's Greatest Hits 2. Alternate takes of the song from the August 2, 1965 recording session have been released on The Bootleg Series Vol. 7: No Direction Home: The Soundtrack and The Bootleg Series Vol. 12: The Cutting Edge 1965–1966.
The song has also been popular live in concert. Clinton Heylin has stated that "as performed live in 1965–66, 'Tom Thumb' became an inferno of pain. As if pain were indeed art." A live version recorded at a concert in Liverpool, England on May 14, 1966, featuring Dylan backed by The Band, was released as the B-side to the "I Want You" single in 1966, and later also appeared on the Masterpieces compilation. The song was also performed on May 17, 1966, by Dylan and The Band at the famous and controversial so-called 'Albert Hall' concert (which in fact took place at the Manchester Free Trade Hall), and consequently it appears on The Bootleg Series Vol. 4: Bob Dylan Live 1966, The "Royal Albert Hall" Concert. In November 2016, all Dylan's recorded live performances of the song from 1966 were released in the boxed set The 1966 Live Recordings, with the May 26, 1966 performance released separately on the album The Real Royal Albert Hall 1966 Concert. Dylan also played "Just Like Tom Thumb's Blues" regularly during his 1974 tour, and has played it in concert occasionally ever since.
According to Acclaimed Music, it is the 3,735th most celebrated song in popular music history.
In a 2005 reader's poll published in Mojo magazine, "Just Like Tom Thumb's Blues" was listed as the number 13 all-time greatest Bob Dylan song. In 2002 Uncut magazine listed it as the number 38 all-time best Bob Dylan song. Music journalist Toby Creswell included "Just Like Tom Thumb's Blues" on his list of the 1001 greatest songs of all time, and music critic Dave Marsh ranked the live version from Liverpool as the #243 greatest single of all time and as one of the dozen or so truly great B-sides, noting that it demonstrated Dylan's prowess as a great live performer.
The song makes an appearance in the 2012 film, The Three Stooges.
Cover versions
Canadian singer-songwriter Gordon Lightfoot covered "Just Like Tom Thumb's Blues" in 1965 in a version that reached number 3 on Canada's national RPM singles chart, and number 8 on Toronto's CHUM Chart. Billboard said of this version that "one of best but lesser known Dylan tunes serves as a
blockbuster debut on United Artists for the Canadian performer-composer" and praised the vocal performance and the production. Cash Box described it as a "medium-paced chorus-and-orked folk-blueser about the problems women can cause men" and said Lightfoot's rendition was "impressive." Other covers recorded in the 1960s include those by Barry McGuire on his 1966 album This Precious Time and by Judy Collins, on her 1966 album In My Life. Nina Simone also covered it in 1969 on her To Love Somebody album. Jennifer Warnes included it on her 1969 release See Me, Feel Me, Touch Me, Heal Me!
Frankie Miller covered "Just Like Tom Thumb's Blues" in 1973 on Once in a Blue Moon, Linda Ronstadt covered it in 1998 on We Ran and Bryan Ferry covered it on his 2007 album Dylanesque. The Grateful Dead have, on occasion, performed "Just Like Tom Thumb's Blues" live in concert, with bassist Phil Lesh taking a rare turn as lead vocalist, and a recording of the song by the band appears on the album View from the Vault, Volume One. Additionally, Neil Young covered the song for the Bob Dylan tribute concert The 30th Anniversary Concert Celebration in 1992, and the Beastie Boys sampled the last two lines of "Just Like Tom Thumb's Blues" for their song "Finger Lickin' Good", which appeared on their Check Your Head album of the same year.
References
External links
"Just Like Tom Thumb's Blues" lyrics from Bob Dylan's website
1965 singles
1965 songs
1966 singles
Bob Dylan songs
Columbia Records singles
Gordon Lightfoot songs
Judy Collins songs
Linda Ronstadt songs
Nina Simone songs
Song recordings produced by Bob Johnston
Songs written by Bob Dylan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Just%20Like%20Tom%20Thumb%27s%20Blues |
Puzhavathu is a neighbourhood in Changanasserry, in Kerala state. It is 1 km from Changanasserry bus stand and 2.5 km from railway station.
Religion
The place is known for the number of places of worship: Kavil Bhagavathi Temple, The Changanacherry Metropolitan Church and the Pazhayapally Muslim jama ath (Juma masjid) are situated less than 100m apart. Other temples include The Ananthapuram Sree Krishna Temple, The Vettadi Temple, The Mutharamma Temple, and The Vaikunteswara Santhanagopala Murthi Temple.
Notable people
Puzhavathu is the birthplace of the music director / playback singer Sree L.P.R. Varma.
Ex-Finance minister of Kerala, Shri. N Bhaskaran Nair also hails from Puzhavathu. He was the Minister for Finance and Health from 12-10-1979 to 01-12-1979. He was also the President of Nair Service Society and the Travancore Devaswom Board. Under his helm as the President of Travancore Devaswom Board, many facilities were set up in Sabarimala and various temples. He had also authored various books. He died on 30 August 1998 at his residence in Puzhavathu.
Rtd. Music College Professor K. Janardanan, an acclaimed Carnatic Music Vocalist. His formal music studies originated from the Swati Thirunal Music College, Thiruvananthapuram, chiefly under the tutelage of the late Semmangudi Srinivasa Iyer. He had served as Senior Professor in RLV Music College, Tripunithura and Swati Thirunal Music College. He was A Grade Vocal Artist of All India Radio. He died on 2 July 2013 at his residence in Puzhavathu.
Landmarks
The newly constructed Revenue Tower
The Changanasserry Govt. High School,
Alummoodu School
Nair School
Changanasserry courts
Lakshmipuram Palace
References
Villages in Kottayam district
Changanassery | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Puzhavathu |
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