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Wade Keyes (1821 – 1879) was a lawyer, scholar, judge and professor from Alabama who served as the first and only Assistant Attorney General of the Confederacy, 1861–1865. After the Civil War he practiced law in Florence, Alabama.
Early life
Keyes was born 1821 on his father's plantation at Mooresville, Limestone County, near Athens, Alabama. He was first being educated by private tutors at home, followed by studies at LaGrange College, Alabama and the University of Virginia. Keyes had to leave the University of Virginia due to illness and death in the family. He later read law under Judge William Richardsson and Judge Daniel Coleman in Athens, before attending Transylvania University in Lexington, Kentucky, where he graduated from the law department.
Lawyer, scholar, judge and professor
Following his graduation Keyes spent a year in Europe. After returning to the States, he moved to Marianna, Florida, where he began to practice law in 1844. His specialty was property cases. In 1851 Keyes moved to Montgomery, Alabama, where he established a law practice. He wrote three legal treaties on property law: An Essay on the Learning of Remainders (1852), An Essay on the Learning of Future Interests in Real Property (1853) and An Essay on the Learning of Partial and of Future Interests in Chattels Personal (1853).
In 1853, the Legislature elected Keyes Chancellor of the Southern Division of the Court of Chancery, over Francis Bugbee and Sterling G. Cato of Barbour County. He served for a six-year period until 1859. As a judge of equity Keyes would successfully apply his considerable learning to adjudications of complicated real and personal property cases.
While serving as chancellor, Keyes began to teach classes of property law at Montgomery. After the end of his tenure, he founded the Montgomery Law School as a permanent continuation of his teaching project. It was incorporated in 1860 as an independent institution, but attached to the University of Alabama as its law department. As the founder Keyes role as the sole teacher was guaranteed by the incorporation act. At the initiative of Justice Samuel F. Rice, the Legislature granted the school the right to confer academic degrees and to license its students to practice law. The turmoil of the Secession Crisis led to the closing of the school in February 1861, as the students left and volunteered for different military organizations.
Assistant Attorney General
The crisis that led the students to leave his school also caused Keyes to join the military. He enlisted as lieutenant in the Montgomery Rifles, and served at Pensacola, Florida. This was a unit in the Army of Alabama before the state became part of the Confederacy. When Judah P. Benjamin became attorney general of the Confederacy he made Keyes his assistant. Benjamin had met Keyes when he was chancellor and valued him as an administrator, legal scholar and proficient writer. As assistant attorney general, Keyes did more of the routine work of an attorney general than Benjamin did and was the man who actually ran the day-to-day work of the department. When Benjamin on September 17, 1861, was appointed secretary of war Keyes took over as acting attorney general until Thomas Bragg officially took office November 21, 1861. Bragg held the office until March 18, 1862, when succeeded by Thomas H. Watts. When Watts was elected governor of Alabama, he resigned, and Keyes served as acting attorney general from October 1, 1863, until January 2, 1864, when George Davis became the fourth and last ordinary attorney general of the Confederacy. Keyes also served as Attorney General ad interim during the Christmas Holidays of 1861, in October and November 1862, in August 1863 and in September and October 1864.
Keyes wrote 23 of 218 opinions issued by the Confederate office of Attorney General. They are characterized by conservative construction, deference to common law and cautious interpretations of acts of the Confederate Congress. He sustained United States acts in force at the time of the withdrawal of the Confederate states from the Federal Union, if not replaced by Confederate law, and also relied on existing United States law when Confederate law was absent. Keyes argued that the Attorney General had no authority to issue opinions concerning constitutional questions other than when advising the president when he was about to sign or veto an act of congress. His reasoning was based on the constitutionally exercised legislative power of Congress; Congress had the right to determine what actions were to be taken. The Attorney General was restricted to limit his opinions to rulings of the judicial branch respecting constitutionality and lawfulness. Furthermore, Keyes, as well as Jefferson Davis, maintained that the President was obligated to enforce legislation although deemed contrary to the Constitution by the President. If Congress overrode the President's veto, he - as well as the subordinate officers of the government - was then bound to uphold the law. The fact that the Confederate Congress had failed to create a Confederate supreme court was neither considered by Keyes, nor by Davis.
Considering if the Virginia law that prohibited the use of grain for making whiskey was applicable when farmers distilled whiskey for delivery to the Confederate War Department, Keyes reached the same conclusion as the United States Supreme Court did in 1819 in McCulloch v. Maryland. Congress had the implied power to supply soldiers with whiskey since that was a reasonable means of supporting the army. State law could not interfere. Keyes clearly established that intergovernmental immunity not only prevented the states from interfering with the activities of the Confederate government, but also forbade the government from thwarting state actions. For this reason the Confederacy could not tax the states and the states could not tax the Confederate government. Nevertheless, government ownership of stock in a corporation was not enough to make the corporation free from state taxation. This rule also applied when a state bank acted as a fiscal agent of a state, but not when a state bank acted in its private capacity. When the Confederate government planned to requisition slaves for government use, he advised that the government was accountable for the value of any enslaved person seized and he recommended Congress to judge each case separately, which prompted it to create a slave claims board. Keyes also ruled that only military personnel could stand trial before court-martials.
Keyes was never considered for the position of Attorney General. A reason might have been his integrity. He was reprimanded by Jefferson Davis for having questioned the president's authority when he had intervened in cases where the accounting officers by law were to make independent rulings.
Postbellum lawyer
When the war was over, Keyes returned to Montgomery and reopened his legal practice. He moved to Florence, Alabama in 1867. In 1876 he was entrusted with the task of codifying the laws of Alabama together with Judge Fern M. Wood (who fell victim to a killer before the task was finished); the project was completed within the year. Keyes suddenly died in 1879.
Family
Wade Keyes was the oldest son of General George Keyes (1792–1833), a planter and merchant at Mooresville, and his wife Nellie Rutledge Keyes (1799–1834) from Tennessee. He was the grandson of Captain John Wades Keyes (1752–1839) and the brother of John Washington Keyes (1825–1892) and George P. Keyes (1829–?).
Wade's father George Keyes was born in Washington County, Virginia. Early in life he moved to Alabama with his twin brother. He served under Andrew Jackson as captain of a volunteer company and was later elected brigadier general of militia and bore the title of general all his life. George married Wade's mother in Sullivan County, Tennessee in 1820. Wade's grandfather John Wade Keyes was born in Mystic, Massachusetts, settled near Alexandria, Virginia, moved to Blountville, Tennessee and finally to Athens, Alabama.
Wade Keyes married Alice Wharton Whitfield of Leon County, Florida, a daughter of General George Whitfield, in 1848. They had three daughters that reached adulthood and five children who died in infancy. Wade's brother John Washington was a doctor of medicine and dentistry. During the war John served as an officer in Hilliard's Legion and later as a military surgeon; after the war he practiced dentistry. Wade's other brother George was a journalist and later register and master in the chancery court, served in Hilliard's Legion and later when disabled commanded a home guard battalion. After the war George was a newspaperman and business promoter in Sheffield, Alabama.
Notes
References
Citations
Cited literature
Brannon, Peter A. (1956) "Muster Roll. Montgomery Rifles, Army of Alabama. Stationed at Pensacola, 1861." The Alabama Historical Quarterly 18 1:66.
Brewer, Willis (1872). Alabama, Her History, Resources, War Record, and Public Men. Montgomery, Ala.
Currie, David P. (2004). "Through the Looking-Glass: The Confederate Constitution in Congress, 1861-1865." Virginia Law Review 90 (5): 1257–1399.
Durham, David I. (2001). "Introduction to Wade Keyes and the Montgomery Law School", in: Wade Keyes' Introductory Lecture to the Montgomery Law School: Legal Education in Mid-Nineteenth Century Alabama. Tuscaloosa: University of Alabama School of Law.
Graber, Mark A. & Gillman, Howard (2018 ). The Complete American Constitutionalism. Oxford University Press
Keyes, Asa (1880). Robert Keyes of Watertown, Mass., 1633 [...] and their descendants: also, others of the name. Brattleboro: Geo. E. Selleck.
Meade, Robert Douhat (2001). Judah P. Benjamin: Confederate Statesman. Louisiana State University Press.
Martinez, Jaime Amanda (2013). Confederate Slave Impressment in the Upper South. University of North Carolina Press.
Owen, Thomas McAdory (1921). History of Alabama and Dictionary of Alabama Biography. Chicago.
Peterson, Dennis L. (2016). Confederate Cabinet Departments and Secretaries. McFarland & Co.
Pruitt, Jr., Paul M. (1997). "The Life and Time of Legal Education in Alabama, 1819-189." Alabama Law Review 49 (1): 281–321.
|-
1821 births
1879 deaths
People from Limestone County, Alabama
Executive members of the Cabinet of the Confederate States of America
19th-century American politicians
People of Alabama in the American Civil War
University of North Alabama alumni
University of Virginia alumni
Transylvania University alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wade%20Keyes |
Marcus Di Rollo (born 31 March 1978 in Edinburgh) is a retired Scottish rugby union footballer. He played as a centre for Toulouse, Edinburgh, and the Scottish national team.
After moving from Edinburgh to Toulouse, Di Rollo endured a difficult time at the club. He only ever played one minute for the club due to conflicting medical opinions over a heart murmur he has carried since birth and left after a season. After a difficult season he returned to play for Scotland A in 2008.
Marcus Di Rollo was not favoured by the former Scotland national rugby union coach Matt Williams despite the support of respected Scottish rugby commentators such as Allan Massie. But under Frank Hadden, Di Rollo became a regular fixture in the national team.
Di Rollo earned his first cap as a second-half substitute in the 65–23 victory against the USA on the 2002 summer tour. He also made a try-scoring debut in the uncapped game against the Barbarians in May 2001 with an interception try. Scotland were grateful for the intervention of Marcus Di Rollo in the Autumn Test against Samoa in November 2005. The Scots were being held 11–11 by the Pacific Islanders when the then Edinburgh Gunners centre crossed over the line for his first try in the late win.
In 2010, Di Rollo was appointed head coach at Watsonians RFC.
Tournaments
2006 Six Nations (4 appearances)
2007 Six Nations (4+1 appearances)
2007 Rugby World Cup (2 appearances)
References
External links
Scrum profile
Its Rugby profile
1978 births
Living people
Scottish rugby union players
Scotland international rugby union players
People educated at George Watson's College
Rugby union centres
Edinburgh Rugby players
Stade Toulousain players
Italian Scottish rugby union players
Rugby union players from Edinburgh
2007 Rugby World Cup players
Male rugby sevens players
Commonwealth Games rugby sevens players for Scotland
Scotland international rugby sevens players
Rugby sevens players at the 2002 Commonwealth Games
Scottish expatriate sportspeople in France
Expatriate rugby union players in France
Scottish expatriate rugby union players
Scottish rugby union coaches
Scotland 'A' international rugby union players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marcus%20Di%20Rollo |
The Finnish maritime cluster is a cluster of Finnish companies in maritime industries. In 2016 the total turnover was estimated at 13 billion euros and it employed 48,000 people.
History
Small trading ships similar to Jacobstads Wapen were built in Finnish coastal towns in the 18th century. Small-scale shipyards continued to exist well into the 20th century. The first large scale shipyard was the galley dry dock at Sveaborg built in the mid-18th century, which serviced the ships that won one of the largest sea battles in Finnish history.
The first industrial scale shipyard in Turku was established in 1732. After the Crimean War, William Crichton acquired a workshop and built a new shipyard, which later absorbed smaller shipyards and developed into Crichton-Vulcan and merged with Wärtsilä between 1936 and 1938. Germany outsourced a notable amount of submarine construction to Finland after World War I. This section of industry was later outlawed by the Paris Peace Treaty, but it became an important foundation for the Finnish maritime industry.
Soviet trade
A major boost to Finnish shipbuilding was the war reparations paid to the Soviet Union after World War II. They forced a rapid industrialization of Finland and the creation of a large metal industry in addition to the traditional papermaking and forest industries. By 1953, the shipbuilding industry had six times the capacity it did in 1944.
Bilateral trade with the Soviet Union forced Finnish shipyards to build ships with a high percentage of total value of Finnish origin. All major components of the finished products needed to be produced domestically. The high percentage of domestic components continues even after the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the end of the lucrative trade deals. While ships built in other European shipyards are a collection of components from around Europe and around the world, ships built in Finland can have up to 90% of their total value in Finnish components and labor (kotimaisuusaste).
Major companies
Meyer Turku, with a major shipyard in Turku.
Rauma Marine Constructions, with a shipyard in Rauma.
Uki Workboat with a shipyard in Uusikaupunki.
ABB, formerly Strömberg, producer of Azipod Azimuth thrusters and electrical systems
Hollming Group, now part of Aker Finnyards; producer of Aquamaster (now Rolls-Royce) Z-drive Azimuth thrusters
Rolls-Royce Oy Ab, Rauma, propulsion and azimuth thrusters
Kone Corporation
Cargotec (Split from KONE in 2005, formerly Navire Cargo Gear and MacGregor) provides cargo-handling solutions
Wärtsilä provides maritime diesel engines
Sanitec, a former subsidiary of Wärtsilä, provides closed loop sanitation systems
Steerprop, Rauma, Azimuth Propulsors
Deltamarin, naval architecture
Aker Arctic, naval architecture and ice model testing
Notable ships and vessels
Icebreakers
Sisu (1939)
Voima (1954)
Sampo (1960)
Atle-class icebreakers (1974)
Otso (1986) and Kontio (1987)
Nuclear powered icebreakers
NS Taymyr (1989)
NS Vaygach (1990)
Fennica (1993) and Nordica (1994)
Polaris (2016)
Cruise ships
Song of Norway (1970)
Royal Princess (1984, 44,348 tons)
Birka Princess (1986)
(1990, 70,390 tons)
Birka Queen (1992)
(1996, 81,500 tons)
(1999, 142,000 tons)
(2001, 85,700 tons)
Birka Paradise (2004)
(2006, 158,000 tons)
(2009, 220,000 tons), formerly known as "Project Genesis"
Mein Schiff class (2014, 99,526 tons), total of 5 cruise ships has been built and 2 more will be built in the future.
(2019, 183,200 tons), total of 4 ships will be built.
(2022, 200,000 tons), total 3 ships will be built.
Cruiseferries
GTS Finnjet (1977)
M/S Rosella (1980)
M/S Viking Saga (1980) and M/S Viking Song (1980)
M/S Finlandia (1980) and M/S Silvia Regina (1981)
M/S Svea (1985) and M/S Wellamo (1986)
M/S Mariella (1985) and M/S Olympia (1986)
M/S Athena (1989) and M/S Kalypso (1990)
M/S Cinderella (1989)
M/S Silja Serenade (1990) and M/S Silja Symphony (1991)
M/S Romantika (2002) and M/S Victoria I (2004)
M/S Color Fantasy (2004) and M/S Color Magic (2007)
M/S Galaxy (2006) and M/S Baltic Queen (2008)
M/S Viking XPRS (2008)
M/S Viking Grace (2013)
M/S Aurora Botnia (2021)
ROPAX ferries
MV Ulysses (2001)
M/S Superspeed 1 (2008)
M/S Megastar (2017)
Navy ships
Ilmarinen (1931), first battleship with a diesel-electric drive
Turunmaa-class gunboats (1963)
Pohjanmaa (1979)
Helsinki-class missile boats (1981)
Rauma-class missile boats (1990)
Hämeenmaa-class minelayers (1992)
Hamina-class missile boats (1998)
Tuuli (2002)
Louhi (2011)
Jehu-class landing crafts (2012)
Turva (2014)
Pohjanmaa-class corvettes (planned)
Submarines
Saukko (1930)
Vetehinen-class submarines (1930)
Vesikko (1934)
Mir (1987)
References
External links
The Finnish Maritime Cluster Study
The Finnish Maritime Cluster 2003
Aker Yards
Developing bigger and better cruise ships at hightechfinland.com
Shipbuilding companies of Finland
Economy of Finland
Ships of Finland
Finland–Soviet Union relations | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finnish%20maritime%20cluster |
Kermit Joseph Alexander (born January 4, 1941) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive back in the National Football League (NFL). He was on the board of directors for the Lott IMPACT Trophy, which is named after Pro Football Hall of Fame defensive back Ronnie Lott, and is awarded annually to college football's defensive IMPACT Player of the Year.
Professional career
Alexander was drafted by the San Francisco 49ers with the eighth pick in the first round of the 1963 NFL Draft. He was also drafted by the Denver Broncos of the American Football League with the fifth overall pick, but chose to sign with San Francisco. Alexander played alongside Pro Football Hall of Fame cornerback Jimmy Johnson. Alexander was selected to play in the Pro Bowl in 1968, after a season in which he had a career-high nine interceptions, including an interception he returned 66 yards for a touchdown.
Alexander played for the 49ers from 1963 to 1969.
In his second year with the Los Angeles Rams in 1971, he returned one of his three interceptions 82 yards for a touchdown. He played one final season with the Philadelphia Eagles in 1973.
Kermit was responsible for injuring Gale Sayers's right knee in a rolling tackle which shortened the career of the Bears star running back, and cost Sayers some of his extraordinary quickness.
In addition to playing defense, Alexander returned punts and kickoffs for all three teams. Both of his career punt returns for touchdowns came with San Francisco.
Personal life
On August 31, 1984, Alexander's mother, sister and two nephews, ages 8 and 13, were murdered in South Central Los Angeles during a home invasion by members of the Rollin 60's Neighborhood Crips, whose intended victims lived two doors away.
Alexander was initially planning on adopting one child from Haiti, but after meeting the child's four siblings, he ended up adopting all five. The five were in Haiti at the time of the earthquake in 2010, but survived and now live with Alexander and his wife, Tami.
See also
Tiequon Cox
References
External links
1941 births
American emigrants to Haiti
American football cornerbacks
American football return specialists
American football safeties
Living people
Los Angeles Rams players
Sportspeople from New Iberia, Louisiana
Philadelphia Eagles players
Players of American football from Louisiana
San Francisco 49ers players
UCLA Bruins football players
United States Football League announcers
Western Conference Pro Bowl players
Presidents of the National Football League Players Association
Trade unionists from California | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kermit%20Alexander |
No. 87 Squadron is a Royal Australian Air Force (RAAF) air intelligence squadron. It saw action during World War II as a photo reconnaissance squadron, being raised in September 1944 through the re-designation of No. 1 Photo Reconnaissance Unit, which had been formed in June 1942. Throughout the war, No. 87 Squadron flew a variety of aircraft from bases in Australia, gathering photographic intelligence on Japanese forces and installations throughout the Pacific. At the conclusion of hostilities, the squadron was disbanded but was later re-formed in 1948, carrying out aerial survey operations in Australia until 1953. In 2006, it was re-raised again as a non-flying squadron tasked with air intelligence analysis as part of the Information Warfare Directorate within the RAAF's Air Warfare Centre.
History
World War II
The squadron was first formed at RAAF Station Laverton on 8 June 1942 as "No. 1 Photo Reconnaissance Unit" (1 PRU), with eight officers and thirty-five airmen under the command of Squadron Leader L. W. Law, operating six Brewster F2A Buffalos. Initial training in navigation and aerial photography was carried out at Laverton until 12 August 1942 when the unit began moving to Hughes Airfield, Northern Territory to prepare for operational service. A Japanese bombing raid on 23 August subsequently resulted in the loss of one Buffalo and a CAC Wirraway. Meanwhile, further training continued in September which resulted in one aircraft and its pilot being lost, while two P-38 Lightnings were received in October. The first operational flights occurred between 10 and 19 November over Tanimbar Island; however, on 20 November a Lightning was destroyed in a crash, killing the pilot. Two P-43 Lancers arrived in November as the unit continued to expand, moving to Coomalie Creek Airfield in December.
Four operational flights were completed in January 1943, while reconnaissance of all Japanese aerodromes in Timor was completed in April. In May photo reconnaissance missions were completed over Timor, Tanimbar and Dutch New Guinea. In August aircraft from the squadron located two new Japanese airstrips near Koepang, and confirmed the presence over another one on Roti Island. Meanwhile, Japanese bombers attacked Coomalie on 13 and 20 August 1943; however, neither raid resulted in significant damage. During November the squadron conducted sorties over Timor, Kai, Tanimbar and Roti Island, yet bad weather curtailed operations during December. No operations were completed in January 1944 due to aircraft unserviceability. Operations continued between February and May, with the squadron receiving its first de Havilland Mosquito aircraft on 26 May 1944. Between June and August the squadron flew missions over Java, Balikpapan, Biak, the Halmaheras and the Philippines. A Mosquito was detached to Noemfoor in August.
On 10 September 1944, No. 1 PRU was re-designated as "No. 87 Squadron" at Coomalie Creek Airfield in the Northern Territory. The new squadron was initially equipped with two Wirraways and a Mosquito and was tasked with providing photo reconnaissance support for Allied operations in South East Asia and the Netherlands East Indies. Operating from Coomalie Creek the squadron primarily conducted reconnaissance flights over the eastern islands of the Netherlands East Indies, with occasional missions over Java and other parts of South East Asia. As more Mosquitoes were received the number of missions flown increased. A detachment from the squadron was briefly based on the Cocos Islands in June 1945 where it unsuccessfully attempted to photograph targets in Singapore, being hampered by bad weather and the loss of an aircraft.
At the end of the war, No. 87 Squadron continued to conduct flights over Japanese held territory in order to monitor Japanese Army units until they could be disarmed. The squadron moved to Parkes, New South Wales, in October 1945 where it was disbanded on 24 July 1946. For their service during the war, one member of No. 87 Squadron was made a Member of the Order of the British Empire, four received the Distinguished Flying Cross and seven were Mentioned in Dispatches.
Following No. 87 Squadron's disbandment its Mosquito aircraft were operated as the "Survey Flight" based at RAAF Base Fairbairn. This flight was expanded to full squadron status in November 1946, and then re-designated as No. 87 Squadron on 8 March 1948. Operating in the photo survey role the squadron carried out many operations to support the Commonwealth Survey Committee and National Mapping Council. The squadron also became responsible with providing the RAAF with a photo reconnaissance capability in 1949. Following the withdrawal of funding support by the Department of National Development No. 87 Squadron was disbanded at Fairbairn in December 1953.
Reactivation
No. 87 Squadron was reactivated as the Air Force's air intelligence squadron on 1 July 2006. It is part of the Information Warfare Directorate within the RAAF's Air Warfare Centre. The squadron's headquarters is located at RAAF Base Edinburgh and its seven Tactical Intelligence Flights (TIFs) are situated with all flying Force Element Groups of the Air Force as well as with Combat Support Group.
The squadron is responsible for providing air intelligence and counter-intelligence analysis and combat targeting support to on-going Air Force operations. Personnel in the squadron comprise Air Intelligence Officer, Armament Engineer, Air Combat Officer, Air Intelligence Analyst (GEOINT, SIGINT and OPINT), Air Surveillance Operator, and administrative, computer systems support and logistics trade groups. The squadron has a total strength of 140 permanent and 30 reserve personnel stationed at five different bases.
In March 2011, No. 87 Squadron was awarded the Markowski Cup for being the most proficient non-flying squadron in the Air Force for 2010. Previously in September 1948, No. 87 Squadron had also won the Duke of Gloucester Cup for the most proficient flying squadron of the RAAF, in recognition of its photographic survey work.
Battle honours
In 2009, the Governor General of Australia awarded No. 87 Squadron with five battle honours related to its service during World War II. The delay in awarding these honours was due to the squadron having been disbanded in 1953, which was prior to the general awarding of World War II battle honours to RAAF units which occurred during the mid-1950s. With the reactivation of No. 87 Squadron in 2006, the latent honours were able to be awarded. No. 87 Squadron's battle honours are:
Darwin 1942–1944
Pacific 1942–1945
Dutch New Guinea 1945
Borneo 1945
Morotai 1945
Commanding officers
Commanding officers of No. 87 Squadron
Badge
With the reactivation of No. 87 Squadron in 2006, the original squadron badge which had been approved by King George VI in July 1949, was updated and the revised badge with a motto in English was approved by the Chief of Air Force, Air Marshal Geoff Shepherd, on 22 March 2006. The badge consists of the following elements:
The Sun: represents the squadron's role in maintaining knowledge and understanding of its adversaries.
The Quill: represents the squadron's analytical and communications capabilities, as the ability to impart knowledge is as important as the ability to acquire it.
The Sword: represents the squadron's role in the conduct of warfare.
Squadron Motto: "We See and We Fight" (originally "Videmus Militamus" on the previous badge) – highlights the importance of intelligence in detecting, locating and identifying the enemy in the successful conduct of air operations and the squadron's role in both the offensive and defensive aspects of air warfare.
Aircraft operated
No. 87 Squadron and its predecessor unit, 1 PRU, operated the following aircraft:
CAC Wirraway (September 1944 – July 1946)
Brewster F2A Buffalo
De Havilland DH98 Mosquito PR Mark XVI (September 1944 – July 1946, March 1948 – December 1953)
P-38 Lightning (August 1942 – August 1944)
Republic P-43 Lancer
Notes
References
Further reading
87
Military units and formations established in 1944
Parkes Shire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/No.%2087%20Squadron%20RAAF |
Banksia ser. Dryandra is a series of 94 species of shrub to small tree in the plant genus Banksia. It was considered a separate genus named Dryandra until early 2007, when it was merged into Banksia on the basis of extensive molecular and morphological evidence that Banksia was paraphyletic with respect to Dryandra.
Taxonomy
The dryandras were named in honour of Swedish botanist Jonas C. Dryander.
The first specimens of a Dryandra were collected by Archibald Menzies, surgeon and naturalist to the Vancouver Expedition. At the request of Joseph Banks, Menzies collected natural history specimens wherever possible during the voyage. During September and October 1791, while the expedition were anchored at King George Sound, he collected numerous plant specimens, including the first specimens of B. sessilis (Parrotbush) and B. pellaeifolia. Upon Menzies' return to England, he turned his specimens over to Banks; as with most other specimens in Banks' library, they remained undescribed for many years.
Further specimens were collected in late 1792 by Jacques Labillardière, one of five naturalists in Bruni d'Entrecasteaux's expedition in search of the lost expedition of Jean-François de La Pérouse. While ashore west of Esperance Bay between 11 and 18 December, Labillardière collected the first specimens of B. nivea (Honeypot Dryandra).
Description
They are arguably among the most attractive and showy of all members of Proteaceae.
Banksia ser. Dryandra species are used as food plants by the larvae of some Lepidoptera species, including the Dryandra moth.
Distribution and habitat
Endemic to Western Australia, Dryandra occurs virtually throughout the South West Botanic Province, and also, to a much lesser degree, in southwest parts of the Eremaean Province.
Cultivation
The species are found only in the southwestern corner of Western Australia. They have never been popular among gardeners among the rest of Australia due to their dislike of the humid and subtropical conditions which dominate the east coast.
References
External links
Plant series
Endemic flora of Western Australia
Taxa named by Robert Brown (botanist, born 1773) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Banksia%20ser.%20Dryandra |
Chester McGlockton (September 16, 1969 – November 30, 2011) was an American professional football defensive tackle who played for four teams in his twelve-season National Football League (NFL) career from 1992 to 2003.
Early years
McGlockton was a High School All-American as a Tight End/linebacker at Whiteville High School in Whiteville, North Carolina. He played Varsity Football all four years. During his senior year, he led the Whiteville Wolfpack to a 15-0 record, a State Championship, and a USA Today National Ranking.
College career
He played college football at Clemson University under Danny Ford and Ken Hatfield. He scored a touchdown as a freshman in the 1989 Gator Bowl vs. the West Virginia Mountaineers.
Professional career
McGlockton was drafted by the Los Angeles Raiders in the first round (16th overall) of the 1992 NFL Draft. He played six seasons with the Raiders, earning all four of his Pro Bowl appearances with them. McGlockton also played for the Kansas City Chiefs, the Denver Broncos, and ended his career by playing one season with the New York Jets. McGlockton finished his NFL career with 51 sacks including a career season high of 9.5 in 1994.
NFL stats
Post-football
At the start of 2009, he was an intern coach with the University of Tennessee football team. He accepted a defensive assistant position at Stanford in 2010 and worked on David Shaw's staff.
Death
McGlockton died of the consequences of left ventricular hypertrophy on November 30, 2011.
References
1969 births
2011 deaths
People from Whiteville, North Carolina
American football defensive tackles
American Conference Pro Bowl players
Clemson Tigers football players
Denver Broncos players
Kansas City Chiefs players
New York Jets players
Oakland Raiders players
Los Angeles Raiders players
Stanford Cardinal football coaches
Players of American football from North Carolina | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chester%20McGlockton |
Let It Come Down is the fourth studio album by the rock band Spiritualized, released in 2001. It was recorded and produced at Abbey Road and AIR Studios. It took Jason Pierce, Spiritualized's lead singer, guitarist and sole constant member, four years to write, perform, produce and release. The album utilises 115 session musicians, including orchestra and London Community Gospel Choir. The wall of sound technique (most notably used by 1960s record producer Phil Spector) is evident on this album, especially on such tracks as "Do It All Over Again", "Stop Your Crying", "The Straight and the Narrow" and "Out of Sight".
Music
The album's sound is described as art rock, symphonic rock, and space rock.
Album cover
The album was released in two different sleeves – one in a standard jewel case, the other in a much bulkier one-piece box, with the cover image (the wife of the artist) debossed in the case material.
Track listing
All songs written by J Spaceman.
Reception
Q listed Let It Come Down as one of the best 50 albums of 2001.
Commercial performance
Let It Come Down is the band's most successful album on the UK Albums Chart, where it peaked at number three. As of 2005 it has sold 55,000 copies in United States, and as of 2003 it has shipped 250,000 units across Europe.
Personnel
Spiritualized
Spaceman – Fender Thinline, Fender Jaguar, Epiphone Olympic, Vox Starstreamer XII, Martin acoustic, banjo, Vox Continental, Farfisa Compact, piano, harmonica, vocals
Thighpaulsandra – Hammond C3, Vox Continental, Farfisa Compact, VK7, Kurzweil K2000, Minimoog, Fender Rhodes, piano
Doggen Foster – Gibson Les Paul Gold Top, Gibson Les Paul Custom, Fender Telecaster, Vox Bulldog, Martin acoustic, harmonica
John Coxon – Fender Telecaster, Fender Jaguar, Gibson Firebird, Vox Continental, Farfisa Compact, piano, Juno 106, Martin acoustic
Martin Schellard – Fender Jazz Bass, Fender Musicmaster, Fender Bass VI, Burns Bass, Fender Telecaster, banjo, piano
Tom Edwards – vibraphone, marimba, timpani, tubular bells, percussion
Kevin Bales – Gretsch drum kit
Raymond Dickaty – soprano and baritone saxophone
Additional musicians
Pete Whyman – saxophones, clarinet
Mimi Parker – vocals
Chris Clark – piano
David O'Carroll – tuba
Ben Edwards – trumpet
Nick Smart – trumpet
James Adams – trombone
Tamar Osborn – saxophone, clarinet
David Temple – saxophone, clarinet
First Violins: Edmund Coxon (leader), Cathy Thompson, Jackie Shave, Everton Nelson, Patrick Kiernan, Steve Morris, Ian Humphries, Christina Emanuel, Laura Malhuish
Second Violins: Jonathan Rees, Dai Emanuel, Sonia Slaney, Perry Montague-Mason, Miffy Hirsch, Jeremy Morris, Ann Morfee
Viola: Roger Chase, Philip Dukes, Bruce White, Kate Musker
Cello: David Daniels, Tony Pleeth, Cathy Giles, Jonathan Tunnell
Double Bass: Mary Scully, Diane Clarke
Cor Anglais: Jane Marshall
Bassoon: Gavin McNaughton, Celia Birkenshaw
French Horn: Hugh Seenan, Richard Bissel, Nigel Black, Paul Gardham, Dave Lee, Martin Owen, Richard Ashton, Michaela Betts
Trumpet: Andy Crowley, Ian Balmain, Bob Farley, Paul Archibald, Paul Beniston
Trombone: Graham Lee, Colin Sheen, Peter Davies, Mike Hext, Roger Brenner
Bass Trombone: David Stewart, Roger Argente, Andy Waddicor
Flute/Alto flute and Bass flute: Dave Health, Andy Findon
Contra-bass flute: Andy Findon
Oboe: Chris Cowie, Margaret Tindal
Clarinet: Anthony Pike, Richard Addison
Bass Clarinet: David Fuest
Harp: Helen Tunstall
Additional vocals
Nigel Short – counter tenor
Emer McParland – alto
Sarah Eyden – soprano
Simon Grant – bass
Andrew Busher – tenor
Michael Dore – bass
Heather Cairncross – alto
Andrew Gray – tenor
Jacqueline Barron – soprano
Rachel Weston – alto
Gerard O'Beirne – tenor
London Community Gospel Choir: Wendi Rose, Wayne Hernandez, Jenny Graham, Donovan Keith Lawrence, Vernetta Meade, Jenny La Touche, Aaron Paul Sokell, Travis Jae Cole, Vimbai Shire, Samantha Smith, Irene Forrester, Carmen Smart, Michelle John-Douglas, Jasette Barratt
Choir Director: Daniel Thomas
References
2001 albums
Spiritualized albums
Arista Records albums
Art rock albums by English artists
Symphonic rock albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Let%20It%20Come%20Down%20%28Spiritualized%20album%29 |
"Lower Decks" is the 167th episode of the American science fiction television series Star Trek: The Next Generation. It is the 15th episode of the seventh season.
Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the Starfleet crew of the Federation starship Enterprise-D. In this episode, while enduring the Enterprise promotion evaluation process, four junior officers find themselves involved in a top-secret mission.
This episode is noted for focusing on a group of junior officers on the Enterprise, rather than the senior officers who make up the series's main cast, and for its emotional impact. The junior officer killed in this episode, Sito Jaxa (Shannon Fill), was previously introduced in the episode "The First Duty". It has been rated highly among the series' episodes.
Plot
Four young Enterprise ensigns find their friendship strained during personnel evaluations. Two of the friends, Sam Lavelle and the Bajoran Sito Jaxa, discover that they are being considered for the same job. Joined by their friend Ben, a civilian who works as a waiter, they learn that promotions seem to be already decided on for their other two friends, Nurse Ogawa and Vulcan engineer Taurik.
Worf soon detects an escape pod inside Cardassian space, which is off limits to the Enterprise, and Geordi and Taurik work to transport the passenger on board amidst a cloak of secrecy. Taurik burns the hull of a shuttlecraft with phaser fire on Geordi's instructions, and deduces that the goal is to make the craft appear as if it sustained damage while fleeing an attack.
Impressed by Ogawa's performance, Beverly Crusher decides to recommend her for promotion. She orders Ogawa not to reveal what she is about to see in Sickbay, and Dr. Crusher takes her to where an injured Cardassian has been brought on board.
Captain Picard chastises Sito for her role in a Starfleet Academy scandal. She leaves the meeting exasperated, as Picard has left her without the opportunity to defend herself. A pair of poker games take place, one involving the senior officers and another the junior officers, with Ben shuttling from one to the other. During the senior game, Commander Riker and Worf differ on whether Lavelle or Sito should be promoted, with Riker noting that Lavelle seems overly eager to please. Considerations of promotions are interrupted by a baffling secret mission that all but Lavelle are involved in. Left out of the loop, Lavelle becomes convinced that this is a sign that he will not be promoted.
After teaching a martial arts class, Worf tells Sito to stay and take a test for admission to his advanced course. He blindfolds her and engages her in a one-on-one fight. Sito is powerless to stop Worf's attacks, adding insult to her already bruised self-esteem, but finally stands up to him, saying that the test is unfair. Worf admits that getting her to stand up for herself when she is being judged unfairly is what he intended all along. She uses her newfound confidence to confront Picard about his earlier interrogation. To Sito's surprise, Picard admits that its purpose was to assess both her personal growth and her potential readiness for a dangerous secret mission. He also states that he had specifically asked for her assignment to the ship so she would be given a fair chance. Sito is to pose as a captive of Joret Dal, the injured Cardassian brought to Sickbay. Joret is actually a Federation operative who has just delivered vital information to Starfleet and must now return to Cardassia. The plan is for Joret and Sito to enter Cardassian space in the "stolen" shuttlecraft damaged by Taurik, and for Joret to send an "escaping" Sito back over the border in an escape pod. Acknowledging the risks, Sito accepts the mission and leaves to prepare.
When Sito's escape pod fails to arrive at the prearranged rendezvous point after 32 hours, Picard orders a probe to be launched into Cardassian space, despite being warned that doing so could be considered a treaty violation. The probe detects scattered debris that appears to be the remnants of a Starfleet shuttle escape pod. The Enterprise later intercepts Cardassian communications which report that a Bajoran prisoner overpowered her Cardassian captor and attempted to leave Cardassian space in an escape pod, which was then destroyed, leaving no survivors. Captain Picard announces Sito's death over the ship's general address to the shock and horror of her friends who are at various different parts of the Enterprise.
Later in Ten Forward, Sito's friends are downhearted, mourning her loss while gloomly celebrating Lavelle's promotion. Ben notices Worf mourning Sito's death in a lone table on the other end of Ten Forward. Ben attempts to get Worf to join Sito's friends at their table by using the excuse that he has to clear Worf's table. Worf calls Ben out for his well-meaning subterfuge and refuses to join the friends' table over the concern that he will not be welcome in the group on account of his status as Sito's commanding officer. Ben assures Worf that Sito considered Worf a personal friend, and Worf agrees to join the friends' table. Sito's friends welcome Worf at their table, but the episode concludes without showing the viewers what any of the sides had to say to each other.
Home video releases
This was released in Japan on LaserDisc on October 9, 1998 as part of the half-season collection Log.14: Seventh Season Part.2. This set included episodes from "Lower Decks" to Part II of "All Good Things", with English and Japanese audio tracks.
Reception
"Lower Decks" has been consistently rated among the best episodes of Star Trek: The Next Generation and in the Star Trek franchise. Grunge.com noted that the finale of "Lower Decks" is one of the saddest moments in Star Trek, and Screen Rant included it in their review of most heart-breaking moments in the franchise.
The 2012 book, Star Trek: The Next Generation 365 notes that "Lower Decks" was an early example of a continuing story in Star Trek, with Sito Jaxa's story being continued from "The First Duty" which was earlier in the show's run.
In 2016, The Hollywood Reporter rated "Lower Decks" as the 50th best television episode of all Star Trek franchise television prior to Star Trek: Discovery, including live-action and the animated series but not counting the movies. In May 2019, they ranked it among the top twenty-five episodes of Star Trek: The Next Generation, noting that it shifted the focus away from the usual main cast of bridge officers and explored the tensions between the Star Trek aliens of Bajor and Cardassia.
In 2016, Empire ranked this the 49th best out of the top 50 episodes of all the 700-plus Star Trek television episodes. They remark that this episode offered a change of pace for the show late in its run, by focusing on a new group of characters and showing how they interact with the existing main cast.
In 2017, Den of Geek listed "Lower Decks" as one of the top ten ground-breaking episodes of Star Trek: The Next Generation. They note how it draws the audience in to caring about the ensign, whereas usually the loss of some crew does not connect with the audience in the same way. The same year they ranked this episode as one of the top 25 "must-watch" episodes of Star Trek: The Next Generation.
In 2018, Io9 suggested using this episode as the concept for an entire new Star Trek show that focused on lower ranking crew aboard a starship. It was then announced a few months later that production would begin on a new animated series called Star Trek: Lower Decks.
In 2019, Screen Rant ranked "Lower Decks" the fifth best episode of Star Trek: The Next Generation, and again in 2020.
Variety listed "Lower Decks" as one of the top 15 episodes of Star Trek: The Next Generation.
In 2019, The Hollywood Reporter ranked "Lower Decks" as one of the top 25 episodes of the series. They note how the episode focused on lower ranking characters on the Starship for a change, and also tied into the universe's Bajoran-Cardassian conflict.
Influence
This episode has proved influential on later television writers. In his "Production Notes: Doodles in the Margins of Time" in 2007, Doctor Who executive producer Russell T Davies cites "Lower Decks" along with the Buffy the Vampire Slayer episode "The Zeppo" as an influence on his 2006 Doctor Who episode "Love & Monsters". The episode provided a television format which came to be known as the "Doctor-lite episode", an annual tradition for Doctor Who since 2006.
The episode inspired the premise and title of the series Star Trek: Lower Decks, an animated comedy series set in the Star Trek universe which also focuses on low-ranking junior crew members on a Starfleet ship. The show's fourth season involves a story arc involving characters from "The First Duty", and involves main character Beckett Mariner's friendship with Sito as a source of longstanding distress following Sito's death.
References
External links
Star Trek: The Next Generation (season 7) episodes
1994 American television episodes | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lower%20Decks%20%28Star%20Trek%3A%20The%20Next%20Generation%29 |
Momentos Intimos is a compilation album by American singer Selena and released posthumously on March 23, 2004, through EMI Latin. The album contains 24 tracks, though the last eight are spoken liner notes provided by the singer's family, friends, and her Los Dinos band. The songs on the album range from "Como Te Quiero Yo A Ti" (1988), a re-recorded version modernized and remixed on the album, to "Puede Ser", an unreleased duet with Nando "Guero" Dominguez, recorded two weeks before Selena was shot and killed in March 1995. Following Selena's death, her father Abraham Quintanilla expressed his interest in persevering his daughter's memory through her works. Selena's family has been criticized by fans and the media for exploiting the singer and cannibalizing her murder by commercializing her repertoire.
The album has received a mixed response from music critics, Ramiro Burr called it "another new collection", while a reporter from El Norte, believed fans of the singer would enjoy the release. The album yielded strong sales and was reported to be popular by consumers. Momentos Intinmos peaked at number 11 on the US Billboard Top Latin Albums chart and number seven on the US Regional Mexican Albums chart. "Como Te Quiero Yo a Ti" was released as the lead single of the album. In 2017, Momentos Intimos was certified Gold (Latin) by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), denoting 30,000 units consisting of sales and on-demand streaming.
Background
On March 31, 1995, American Tejano music singer Selena was shot and killed by Yolanda Saldívar, her friend and former manager of the singer's boutiques. At the time of her death the singer was working on a crossover album that would have propelled her into the American pop market. The impact of the singer's death had a negative impact on Latin music, her genre—which she catapulted into the mainstream market—suffered and its popularity waned following Selena's death. The crossover-planned album Dreaming of You was released posthumously on July 18, 1995, debuting and peaking atop the United States Billboard 200 albums chart, the first majority Spanish-language recording to do so in the chart's history. The album's release started a "buying frenzy" for anything related or containing Selena among Hispanic and Latino Americans. The releases of Selena's works continue a promise Abraham Quintanilla told his family following his daughter's death, that he will continue to keep Selena's memory alive through her music. According to A. B. Quintanilla, Suzette Quintanilla, and Selena collectively agreed that if anything were to happen to any one of them, their wish would be to continue on with their music. A.B. said that one of Selena's wishes was for her to "never go away". Since Selena's death, her family has been criticized by fans and the media for exploiting the singer and cannibalizing on her murder by commercializing her repertoire.
Composition
The album contains 24 tracks, of which the last eight are spoken liner notes provided by Selena's family, friends, and her Los Dinos band members. Momentos Intimos contains songs ranging from Selena's Preciosa (1988) album to an unreleased demo track taped a few days before she died. The recording starts off with "Amor Prohibido", penned by Selena, A. B., and her backup dancer/vocalist Pete Astudillo. The song is followed by "Missing My Baby", originally on Entre a Mi Mundo, the song includes Full Force as backing vocalist. The third track, "Fotos y Recuerdos" samples the 1983 single "Back on the Chain Gang" by the Pretenders. "Fotos y Recuerdos" originally appeared on Amor Prohibido (1994), though Chrissie Hynde initially prevented Selena from releasing the song until keyboardist Ricky Vela provided Hynde an English-language translation of the lyrics. This is followed by "Dreaming of You" which was among a selection of songs Selena was provided with from Capitol Records to choose from, the label vehemently controlled the entire crossover project and only allowed Selena to choose one song of her choice from this selection. The fifth song, "Buenos Amigos", is a duet with Salvadoran singer Álvaro Torres and was originally on his album Nada Se Compara Contigo (1991).
The next song, "I'm Getting Used to You" was written by Diane Warren and produced by Rhett Lawrence. Writing for Newsday, Ira Robbins found the track's arrangement to be "slightly outdated" that masked any indications of Selena's Hispanic background. This was dramatized by Christian Serratos in the Netflix two-part limited drama Selena: The Series (2020–21), where the singer felt a sense of dissociation with the song. Warren commented that the scene was not how she recalls her time with Selena, who in reality loved the song. Track number seven, "Donde Quiera Que Estes" is a duet with New York-based the Barrio Boyzz. This is followed by "Only Love", which was originally recorded in 1990 for the crossover market but was shelved. Abraham told music critic Mario Taradell of The Dallas Morning News how the song was "too adult contemporary and we wanted to go with something more pop." The mariachi track "Tú Sólo Tú", was originally intended for the Don Juan DeMarco soundtrack, though was shelved by music producers. The tenth song on the album, "I Could Fall in Love" was previously on the planned crossover album Dreaming of You. The eleventh song, "Si Una Vez" was originally on Amor Prohibido. Writing for The Miami Herald, Tarradell described "Si Una Vez" as having a more traditional Tejano sound than the rest of the tracks on Amor Prohibido but found it to be riddled with synthesizers and digital processing.
"Where Did the Feeling Go?" is the twelfth song on Momentos Intimos, and originally appeared on the Selena movie soundtrack (1997). The thirteenth track, "No Me Queda Más", was penned by Vela, who had romantic inclinations toward the drummer of the group, Suzette, which he kept private from her. After hearing of her wedding to Bill Arriaga in September 1993, Vela wrote of his feelings of betrayal and unrequited love and hid the lyrics that he wrote based on these feelings. Vela eventually provided Selena with the lyrics and she recorded the song for Amor Prohibido. According to Abraham, Selena provided an emotional delivery while recording the track and was seen sobbing in the recording studio because "she knew how [Vela] felt" about Suzette. Track number fourteen, "Como Te Quiero Yo a Ti", originally titled "Como Te Quiero" in its original form on Preciosa (1988), is re-recorded, modernized, and remixed into a sentimental ballad along with the proceeding track "No Llores Mas Corazon". "Puede Ser", a duet with Nando "Guero" Dominguez, closes the vocal recordings of Momentos Intimos.
In mid-March 1995, Selena's husband and guitarist of the group, Chris Pérez, was in his and Selena's in-house studio and recording demos for a Corpus Christi, Texas musician that Abraham was interested in promoting on his Q-Productions label. After Dominguez left the house, Selena, who was eavesdropping, told Pérez that he should have instructed Dominguez to record the song "with more soul". Selena requested to sing the song and Pérez replayed and began recording it. At this point, Pérez noticed that Selena had listened to the entire session as she began singing the lyrics. Selena recorded the song unrehearsed and spontaneously. "Puede Ser" remained unreleased until Pérez rediscovered the demo tape in October 2001 and provided a copy to Abraham for the family to listen to since they had not heard it since April 1995. "Puede Ser" ended up becoming the last recording Selena had done before she was killed two weeks later.
Reception
Momentos Intimos not only proceeds the majority Spanish-language album, Ones (2002), but also Greatest Hits (2003), a collection of English-language songs. Selena continued to outsell living musicians with her releases. Her Ones album remained on the Top Latin Albums chart for 77 consecutive weeks by the time Momentos Intimos was released. Music critic for the San Antonio Express-News, Ramiro Burr called the release "another new collection". In a recap of new releases for the week, Roel Jiménez of El Norte, called Momentos Intimos a tribute album, and believed fans of the singer would enjoy. "Como Te Quiero Yo a Ti" was released as the lead single in March 2004.
Momentos Intimos was released on March 23, 2004, and was widely popular and yielded "high sales". It debuted at number 25 on the Top Latin Albums chart and number 14 on the Regional Mexican Albums chart on the issue dated April 10, 2004. Momentos Intimos was the second best-selling regional Mexican debut album for the tracking week, behind Grupo Montez de Durango's En Vivo Desde Chicago. Following its release, Selena's family participated in a televised press conference on Univision's Primer Impacto to discuss preparations for the benefit concert Selena ¡VIVE! (2005). Momentos Intimos jumped to number 11 on the Top Latin Albums chart and number seven on the Regional Mexican Albums chart, receiving the greatest jump in sales for any album during the tracking week. It re-entered the Top Latin Albums chart at number 46 following the live premiere of Selena ¡VIVE! on the issue dated April 23, 2005, and fell off the chart the following week bringing its total weeks on the Top Latin Albums chart to 15 weeks. In 2017, Momentos Intimos was certified Gold (Latin) by the Recording Industry Association of America (RIAA), denoting 30,000 units consisting of sales and on-demand streaming.
Track listing
Credits adapted from the liner notes of Momentos Intimos by EMI Latin.
Notes
spoken liner notes provided by Selena's family, friends, and her Los Dinos band.
Personnel
Credits are adapted of Momentos Intimos liner notes.
Musicians
Selena – lead vocals
The Barrio Boyzz – guest artist
Nando "Guero" Dominguez – guest artist
Álvaro Torres – guest artist
Ricky Vela – keyboardist
Joe Ojeda – keyboardist
Chris Pérez – guitarist
Production
Guillermo J. Page – executive producer
A. B. Quintanilla – producer, arranger, remixer
Suzette Quintanilla – spoken liner notes producer, drums
Abraham Quintanilla – spoken liner notes post-production
Charts
Certification
References
Citations
Websites
External links
2004 compilation albums
Compilation albums published posthumously
Selena compilation albums
EMI Latin compilation albums
Albums recorded at Q-Productions
Albums produced by A.B. Quintanilla | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Momentos%20Intimos |
The 2005 24 Hours of Le Mans () was a non-championship 24-hour automobile endurance race held from 18 to 19 June 2005, at the Circuit de la Sarthe near Le Mans, France, for teams of three drivers each entering Le Mans Prototype and Grand Touring cars. It was the 73rd running of the event, as organised by the automotive group, the Automobile Club de l'Ouest (ACO) since 1923. A test day was held two weeks prior to the race on 5 June. Approximately 230,000 people attended the race.
Jean-Christophe Boullion, Emmanuel Collard and Érik Comas began from pole position in a Pescarolo Sport C60 car after Boullion set the overall fastest lap time in the fourth qualifying session. The car led for the first two hours before a gearbox problem forced it into the garage for repairs, allowing Emanuele Pirro's Champion Racing Audi R8 to take the lead until Pirro crashed after a safety car intervention. JJ Lehto, Tom Kristensen and Marco Werner drove the sister Champion car to victory. It was Werner's first Le Mans victory, Lehto's second, and Kristensen's seventh. Kristensen surpassed Jacky Ickx to become the all-time leader in overall Le Mans victories and Audi claimed its fifth victory since the 2000 race. Pescarolo finished second, two laps behind, and the sister Champion Audi car of Frank Biela, Allan McNish and Pirro finished third.
The Ray Mallock Racing MG-Lola EX264 car of Thomas Erdos, Mike Newton and Warren Hughes won the Le Mans Prototype 2 (LMP2) category after taking the class lead in the race's final hour. Karim Ojjeh, Claude-Yves Gosselin and Adam Sharpe in a Paul Belmondo Racing Courage C65 finished second, five laps behind the MG-Lola, while Didier André, Paul Belmondo and Rick Sutherland's sister No. 37 car was third. Corvette Racing won their fourth class victory since their debut in the 2001 race. Olivier Beretta, Oliver Gavin and Jan Magnussen's No. 64 Chevrolet Corvette C6.R held a two-lap advantage over the No. 63 of Ron Fellows, Max Papis and Johnny O'Connell in the Le Mans Grand Touring 1 (LMGT1) category. Porsches led the Le Mans Grand Touring 2 (LMGT2) class with the No. 71 Alex Job Racing 911 GT3-RSR of Leo Hindery, Marc Lieb and Mike Rockenfeller ahead of the No. 90 White Lighting Racing car of Jörg Bergmeister, Patrick Long and Timo Bernhard.
Background
In September 2004, the dates for the 2005 24 Hours of Le Mans were announced. It was the 73rd edition of the race and took place at the Circuit de la Sarthe road racing circuit close by Le Mans, France, from 18 to 19 June. The race was first held in 1923 after the automotive journalist Charles Faroux, the Automobile Club de l'Ouest (ACO) general secretary Georges Durand and the industrialist Emile Coquile agreed to hold a test of vehicle reliability and durability. The 24 Hours of Le Mans is considered one of the world's most prestigious motor races and is part of the Triple Crown of Motorsport.
Regulation and track changes
The Le Mans regulations for the two Grand Touring (GT) categories underwent significant changes for the event. Le Mans Grand Touring Sport became Le Mans Grand Touring 1 (LMGT1), while Le Mans Grand Touring became Le Mans Grand Touring 2 (LMGT2). Both the Fédération Internationale de l'Automobile, the world governing body of motor racing, and the ACO required new vehicles in both classes to be homologated. In 2005, cars built to comply with the Le Mans Prototype 900 (LMP900) regulations could compete alongside newer "hybrid" cars built to comply with the updated aerodynamic regulations in the Le Mans Prototype 1 (LMP1) category for the last time. LMP900 cars had to run with a smaller air restrictor to reduce engine performance and they had to weigh more than "hybrid" cars.
The ACO recommended that LMGT1 cars lap the Circuit de la Sarthe in no more than 3 minutes, 55 seconds, and LMGT2 cars in no more than 4 minutes, 8 seconds. Had these rules not been met, the automotive group would immediately intervene to lower the performance of individual cars by altering their aerodynamic efficiency, reducing the size of the air restrictor and the fuel tank for future editions of the Le Mans race. GT2-specification vehicles could compete if at least 100 road-going cars were built by "the big manufacturers" and 25 by "the small manufacturers." The ACO would otherwise suspend homologation for the 2006 race.
The circuit was resurfaced from Mulsanne to Arnage corners from late 2004 to early 2005, and a section of road at the circuit's 89th post was levelled.
Entries
By the deadline for entries on 19 January 2005, the ACO had received 78 applications (37 for the Le Mans Prototype (LMP) classes and 41 for the GT categories). It granted 50 invitations to the race, with entries divided between the LMP1, LMP2, LMGT1, and LMGT2 categories.
Automatic entries
Teams that won their category in the 2004 24 Hours of Le Mans earned automatic entries. Teams that won Le Mans-related series and events such as the 2004 Petit Le Mans, the 2004 Le Mans Endurance Series and the 2004 American Le Mans Series were also invited. Some second-place finishers were also granted automatic entries in certain series, though none were given to the winners and runners-up of the 2004 FIA GT Championship's GT and N-GT categories, as was the case the previous year. Because entries were pre-selected to teams, they were limited to a maximum of two cars and were not permitted to change their vehicles from year to year. Entries were allowed to switch categories as long as they did not change the make of their car and the ACO granted official permission for the switch.
The ACO published its final list of automatic invitations on 18 January 2005. Audi Sport Japan Team Goh, the 2004 winners, and the runners-up Audi Sport UK Team Veloqx were among the teams to decline their automatic entries. Dyson Racing, Prodrive Racing, Barron Connor Racing, ChoroQ Racing Team, JMB Racing and Alex Job Racing also declined their automatic entries. No replacements were found.
1. – Team declined their automatic invitations.
Entry list and reserves
The ACO announced the complete 50-car entry list for Le Mans, plus eight reserves, on 24 March 2005. Several teams withdrew their entries after they were published. Team Nasamax withdrew its two-year-old bio-ethanol-powered DM139-Judd car, citing financial difficulties causing the team to reduce its schedule for the 2005 racing season. This promoted the 91 T2M Motorsport Porsche 911-GT3 RSR LMGT2-class car to the race entry. Four days later, ACEMCO Motorsports withdrew its No. 63 Saleen S7-R due to aerodynamic deficiencies caused by a modification of the height of the car's rear wing at the 2004 Petit Le Mans to comply with ACO regulations. This promoted the reserve No. 76 IMSA Performance LMGT2-class Porsche to the race.
A revised entry list released by the ACO on 27 April confirmed the withdrawal of the Team Nasamax and ACEMCO Motorsports entries as well as the dropping of the Graham Nash Motorsport Saleen S7-R, Thierry Perrier's Porsche 911-GT3 RSR, a second Racing for Holland Dome S101-Judd car, a Ferrari 360 Modena GTC fielded by G.P.C. Sport and a second Ferrari 550-GTS Maranello purchased by Larbre Compétition from the reserve list. Four days before the start of scrutineering, Lucchini Engineering were unable to rectify a gearbox ratio problem in its LMP2/04 and were forced to withdraw the car, reducing the number of entries to 49.
Testing
On June 5, a mandatory two-session pre-Le Mans test day lasting eight hours was held at the circuit, with 50 entries, to work on car setup and driver orientation. Rainfall before the end of the afternoon session made it impossible for teams to lap faster. Emmanuel Collard in the No. 16 C60 Hybrid Judd car set the day's pace for Pescarolo Sport with a 3 minutes, 32.468 seconds lap. The No. 17 Pescarolo of Soheil Ayari was second, and Jonathan Cochet's No. 13 Courage Compétition car came in third. JJ Lehto's No. 3 Champion Racing Audi R8 was fourth with Seiji Ara's No. 5 Jim Gainer International Dome S101 fifth. João Barbosa's lap put the No. 18 Rollcentre Racing Dallara SP1 car in sixth place, while Franck Montagny's Team Oreca Audi was seventh. Sam Hancock led the LMP2 class in the No. 32 Intersport Racing Lola B05/40 vehicle with a time of 3 minutes, 44.426 seconds ahead of Ray Mallock's No. 32 MG-Lola EX264 of Thomas Erdos, the No. 30 Kruse Motorsport Courage C65 of Phil Bennett and Didier André's No. 37 Paul Belmondo Racing cars. Aston Martin, in its first Le Mans works entry since the 1989 event, led the LMGT1 category with a 3 minutes, 50.033 seconds lap from Tomáš Enge's No. 58 DBR9, with David Brabham's No. 59 car second. Christophe Bouchut's No. 61 Cirtek Motorsport Ferrari and Oliver Gavin and Johnny O'Connell's Nos. 64 and 63 Chevrolet Corvette C6.R finished third and fifth in class, respectively. Timo Bernhard's No. 90 White Lighting Racing car helped Porsche lead the LMGT2 category, followed by Robin Liddell's No. 77 Panoz Esperante GT-LM and Romain Dumas' No. 76 IMSA Performance car.
Qualifying
All entrants had eight hours of qualifying, divided into four two-hour sessions on 15 and 16 June. To qualify for the race, all entrants were required to set a time within 115% of the fastest lap set by the fastest vehicle in each of the four categories during the sessions. Rain fell during the first session's start, making the track slippery and decreasing visibility. Some drivers met the required minimum distance to drive in the race. Collard took the lead late in the session with a lap of 4 minutes, 13.526 seconds. Tom Kristensen's lap put Champion's lead Audi in second and Ryo Michigami's Jim Gainer Dome car was third. Andy Wallace was fourth in Creation Autosportif's No. 7 DBA 03S-Judd car, and Michael Krumm was fifth in his Rollcentre Dallara. Ayari's Pescarolo was provisionally sixth and Allan McNish's No. 2 Champion car was seventh. Bouchut drove the Cirtek Ferrari to provisional pole in LMGT1 with a 4 minutes, 23.885 seconds lap, more than 12 seconds ahead of the two Aston Martin cars. Andre's Paul Belmondo Courage took the LMP2 lead with a lap of 4 minutes, 24.832 seconds, and Hancock's Intersport Lola was second. Earlier, Peter Owen's No. 39 Chamberlain-Synergy Motorsport Lola caused the session to be stopped due to a loss of control at the rear while changing gears. Owen was unhurt after crashing at the exit of the second Mulsanne chicane. Mike Rockenfeller's Alex Job Porsche was fastest in LMGT2 with a 4 minutes, 37.574 seconds lap, followed by Jörg Bergmeister's No. 90 White Lighting and Dumas' No. 76 IMSA Performance entries.
When the track dried near the end of the second qualifying session, lap times decreased. Ayari in Pescarolo's No. 17 car improved provisional pole position by more than 12 seconds with a 4 minutes, 1.197 seconds lap just before the session ended, followed by McNish's improved No. 2 Champion Audi and Nicolas Minassian in Creation Autosportif's No. 7 DBA 03S entry. Montagny put the Oreca Audi on provisional pole with half an hour remaining before falling to fourth. Lehto in the second Champion car fell to fifth. Michigami was sixth and Jota's Zytek 04S car of Sam Hignett seventh. A seal on a fuel rig braking during a pit stop caused a flash fire that damaged the Rollcentre Dallara's bodywork. The car's damage forced it to stop running early. Hancock gave the Intersport team provisional pole in the LMP2 class after displacing Andre's Paul Belmondo car, setting a time of 4 minutes, 11.719 seconds, a second faster than Ian James' second-placed No. 34 Miracle Motorsports Courage. In LMGT1, Vincent Vosse led the session with a lap of 4 minutes, 20.688 seconds, displacing the Cirtek Ferrari at the top of the time sheets. Similarly, Dumas set a lap of 4 minutes, 25.598 seconds in the IMSA Performance Porsche to lead the LMGT2 category with 35 minutes remaining.
The weather for the two qualifying sessions on 16 June was humid and dry. For the second consecutive session, Ayari's No. 17 Pescarolo vehicle improved provisional pole position to a 3 minutes, 35.555 seconds lap. Team Oreca's Audi of Montagny was second and McNish was the fastest Champion car in third. Cochet improved the No. 13 Pescarolo's time in the session's final minutes to go into fourth as Minassian's DBA 03S fell to fifth. Michigami's Jim Gainer Dome remained sixth and Barbosa's Rollcentre Dallara was seventh. The No. 16 Pescarolo C60 had its times deleted for Collard touching the car after relieving Jean-Christophe Boullion though the penalty was rescinded 40 minutes later. In LMP2, Warren Hughes' first lap of 3 minutes, 49.845 seconds in the No. 25 Ray Mallock MG-Lola was bettered by James' 3 minutes, 48.819 seconds time in the No. 34 Miracle Courage C65 to lead the category. A crash at the exit to Indianapolis corner by Jean-Bernard Bouvet's No. 23 Gerard Welter WR LMP04 car halted the session after 90 minutes. Pedro Lamy helped Aston Martin to lead in LMGT1 with a 3-minute, 50.311-second lap, followed by Brabham's No. 59 car and Gavin and O'Connell's Corvettes. Rockenfeller greatly improved Alex Job's Porsche lap to maintain the lead in LMGT2 with a time of 4 minutes, 5.326 seconds. Johannes van Overbeek's No. 80 Flying Lizard Motorsports and Bill Auberlen's No. 77 Panoz were second and third in class. Tom Coronel's throttle stuck in the No. 85 Spyker C8 Spyder GT2-R and he crashed in the Porsche Curves. Andrew Kirkcaldy's No. 93 Scuderia Ecosse Ferrari struck a barrier at the Ford Chicane.
As temperatures cooled in the final qualifying session, three-quarters of the field improved their fastest laps, including Collard's No. 16 Pescarolo car, which set a lap of 3 minutes, 34.715 seconds on his first lap and held the place to secure pole position. Ayari was 0.840 seconds slower and joined Collard on the grid's front row. McNish's Champion car was third, Katsumoto Kaneishi improved on the Jim Gainer Dome's lap to start fourth and Montagny's Team Oreca Audi qualified fifth. Shinji Nakano's No. 13 Courage C60 and Minassian's No. 7 DBA 03 vehicles were sixth and seventh. The No. 34 Miracle Courage C65 car of Andy Lally, Hancock, Erdos and Andre shared the lead of the LMP2 category early in the session until Andre's lap of 3 minutes, 42.301 seconds secured pole position for the Paul Belmondo team. In LMGT1 Aston Martin maintained the first two positions as Brabham led until Enge took pole position with ten minutes left with a lap of 3 minutes, 48.576 seconds. Corvette Racing were third with Gavin's No. 64 car, ahead of Alexei Vasiliev's Cirtek Ferrari. Alex Job Racing's Rockenfeller retained first place in LMGT2 ahead of the No. 80 Flying Lizard and No. 77 Panoz cars. A crash for Bergmeister into Tetre Rouge corner ended Flying Lizard's session early.
Post-qualifying
Despite qualifying more than 115 per cent slower than the fastest LMP2 car, the stewards declared force majeure after the team's No. 35 Courage C65 vehicle was heavily damaged in the first qualifying session. The team was granted dispensation to start at the back of the grid.
Qualifying results
Pole position winners in each class are indicated in bold. The fastest time set by each entry is denoted in gray.
Notes:
– The No. 35 G-Force Racing entry was granted dispensation to start the race after failing to qualify within 115 per cent of the fastest LMP2 car.
Warm-up
The drivers had a 45-minute warm-up session at 09:00 Central European Summer Time (UTC+02:00) to test car functionality in clear and warm weather. Boullion's No. 16 Pescarolo car was the fastest with a la of 3 minutes, 37.042 seconds. The No. 3 R8 of Kristensen and Frank Biela's No. 2 car were second and third. Sébastien Loeb was fourth in the No. 17 Pescarolo car with Jamie Campbell-Walter fifth in the No. 7 Creation Autosportif DBA vehicle. Liz Halliday's No. 32 Intersport Lola fastest LMP2 lap time was 3 minutes, 49.477 seconds. Bennett was second in class with his No. 30 Kruse Courage car. In LMGT1, Brabham's No. 59 Aston Martin was fastest and Lieb's No. 71 Alex Job Porsche led in LMGT2. The No. 8 Rollcentre Dallara emitted smoke from its left-hand exhaust system and the team changed engines. A major oversteer caused Dumas to lose control of the No. 76 IMSA Performance car and damage its front-right corner against a barrier leaving the Indianapolis turn.
Race
Start and opening hours
The weather at the start was dry and clear with an air temperature of . Approximately 230,000 people attended the race. Martin Winterkorn, Audi's president, waved the French tricolour to start of the race at 16:00 local time. Pole sitter Boullion led the field. There were 49 cars scheduled to start, but Paul Belmondo's Courage, Bouvet's Gerald Welter WR, the Rollcentre Dallara, and the Chamberlain-Synergy Lola vehicles started from the pit lane because of technical issues. Boullion led his teammate Ayari for the first three laps, pulling away from the rest of the field. Michigami's Jim Gainer Dome car passed Emanuele Pirro on the inside for third entering the Dunlop chicane. On the third lap, Auberlen overtook Rockenfeller for the lead of LMGT2. Gear selection problems forced the No. 25 Ray Mallock Lola car to the garage and Michigami lost a lap due to a minor paddle shift issue. Towards the close of the first hour the LMGT1-class-leading No. 59 Aston Martin of Turner incurred two stop-and-go penalties for driving across a white line denoting the track boundaries at the Ford Chicane, dropping the car to third.
Several cars were affected by mechanical attrition in the second hour. Owing to a loose undertray on Liddell's Panoz vehicle, Lieb's Alex Job car took the lead in LMGT2. Gavin's No. 64 Corvette slowed to after a left-rear puncture caused by a lack of pressure on the Mulsanne Straight. He returned to the pit lane for a replacement wheel, falling to third in class after another delay caused by a water leak. Stefan Eriksson's No. 92 Cirtek Ferrari spun just before the Ford Chicanes, causing several drivers to scramble for space to avoid hitting his car. Soon after, Patrick Bourdais was caught off guard when Ayari lapped his No. 78 Panoz car at Arnage corner, resulting in a collision between Bourdais and Ayari. Bourdais spun into a gravel trap, tapping a tyre barrier. Ayari drove the No. 17 Pesarolo into the garage with steering and front bodywork damage. After four minutes of repairs, it dropped to sixth place, with Éric Hélary relieving Ayari.
When Campbell-Walter had a broken mechanical connection between the No. 7 DBA-Judd's paddle shift and gearbox, Enge's No. 58 Aston Martin moved into the top ten. Following high water temperatures that took 25 minutes to correct, the car dropped down the race order. LMP2 was led by Ian Mitchell's Kruse' Courage C65, which passed Hancock's Intersport Lola entry and battled the No. 37 Paul Belmondo car. Later, the Petersen Porsche passed Lieb's Alex Job car to take the lead in LMGT2. Nearing the 2-hour and 30-minute mark, Beretta's No. 64 Corvette suffered a second rear-left puncture and entered the pit lane for another tyre change. Shortly after, Comas's No. 16 Pescarolo ceded the race lead to Pirro's No. 2 Audi as a gear selection fault required a visit to the garage, dropping the car to fifth. It lost further positions as the problem persisted leaving the first Mulsanne chicane with Collard driving.
The Chamberlain-Synergy Lola began leaking oil at the end of the second hour, requiring the ACO to deploy three safety cars for 15 minutes while marshals scattered cement dust to dry the spilled oil. Pirro locked his cold tyres heavily on the run to Arnage corner as the safety cars were recalled, colliding with a tyre barrier with the No. 2 Audi's left-front corner. Marshals recovered the vehicle, and Pirro drove slowly to the pit lane for bodywork repairs. The No. 2 Audi rejoined in fifth place, with Marco Werner taking the lead and Stéphane Ortelli's Team Oreca car moving into second. A left-rear puncture on Hélary No. 16 Pescarolo C60 car midway through the lap necessitated a pit stop to repair bodywork damage. After a ten-minute pit stop, the car rejoined the race in seventh place. Krumm's recovering No. 18 Rollcentre Dallara car, which had a cured misfiring engine, was forced to enter the pit lane to repair a broken power steering pump that needed fluid replenishment.
Night
As night fell, Max Papis' No. 63 Corvette took the lead in LMGT1 as Lamy made a pit stop to give the No. 58 Aston Martin to co-driver Peter Kox. Bruce Jouanny's No. 13 Courage C60H suffered a major rear left puncture on the approach from Mulsanne corner to Indianapolis turn, removing the car's rear wing and bodywork and forcing its retirement in the garage. The incident delayed Ortelli, who drove into a gravel trap at the Dunlop Esses after hitting debris from Jouanny's car, but he avoided hitting the trackside barriers. A suspension problem on Jean-Marc Gounon's Team Oreca Audi dropped it to sixth overall, promoting Biela's No. 2 Champion vehicle to second. Gounon reclaimed fourth place by passing Vanina Ickx's No. 18 Rollcentre Dallara and Jan Lammers' No. 10 Racing for Holland Dome cars. Meanwhile, Alex Job driver Rockenfeller retook the lead of LMGT2 from White Lighting. Ron Fellows' No. 63 Corvette was passed for the lead of the LMGT1 category by Kox's No. 59 Aston Martin entering the first Mulsanne chicane in the seventh hour and Kox began to pull away from the rest of the class field.
Not long after, Donny Crevels' No. 85 Spyker C8 caught fire at its right rear due to a broken oil line spraying oil on its warm exhaust pipe. He retired after a high speed spin into a gravel trap at Indianapolis corner. The safety cars were needed a second time to give marshals 24 minutes to dry the spilled oil with cement dust. During the safety car period, the No. 34 Miracle Courage lost its left rear wheel at the pit lane exit and coasted backwards down a small hill before re-entering the pit lane. Turner was then given a third time penalty for overtaking another car under yellow flag conditions; the gap between Lieb's Alex Job Racing Porsche and Bernhard's White Lighting car in the first two positions in LMGT2 was 14 seconds. At midnight, Ayari's No. 17 Pescarolo C60 and Bobby Verdon-Roe's No. 8 Rollcentre Dallara cars collided at the first Mulsanne chicane, dropping Ayari to 14th while his car was repaired.
Halliday and later Gregor Fisken twice brought the No. 32 Intersport Lola car from the LMP2 lead straight to the pit lane with a fuel injector problem. The team lost 15 minutes and the category lead to Paul Belmondon's No. 37 Courage car. Boullion's No. 16 Pescarolo C60 vehicle took fourth when driver John Bosch entered the pit lane for debris removal from the Racing for Holland Dome's car sidepod and radiator. Fuel injector problems on Andre's LMP2-class leading No. 37 Paul Belmondo Courage forced him into the garage for replacement fuel pump and filters, as the No. 32 Intersport Lola vehicle was retired with a broken engine valve. Andre lost his two-lap lead to Karim Ojjeh's sister No. 36 car and, later, Adam Sharpe. Werner's No. 3 Audi led his Champion teammate McNish by a lap as the race approached half distance after the No. 2 car made an unscheduled stop to replace a slow puncture. Comas returned to fifth when the No. 5 Jim Gainer Dome car's engine control unit was changed and fell to fourth.
Morning to early afternoon
Early in the morning, McNish's quick pace cut Kristensen's overall lead to less than a minute. After missing his braking point, Gounon lost control of the Team Oreca R8 and narrowly avoided hitting Kristensen at the Ford Chicane. Soon after, a tyre delamination sent McNish's Audi into a tyre barrier at Indianapolis, where it was beached in a gravel trap. After marshals recovered the Audi from the gravel, he returned to the track, but McNish drove straight to the garage. It took 18 minutes to repair the Audi's front-right suspension and rear bodywork. Boullion in the No. 17 Pescarolo car was promoted to second as the No. 2 Audi now driven by Biela fell to third place. Xavier Pompidou's No. 91 T2M Motorsport Porsche struck a tree at at Indianapolis corner after its left-rear wheel bearing failed before his braking point, forcing its retirement. Because the brunt of the impact damaged the car's right-hand corner, Pompidou was unharmed; he was transported from the circuit via a medical vehicle for a precautionary check-up. Kristsensen selected a gear too early in the No. 3 Audi and ran wide onto the grass at the second Mulsanne chicane; he kept the overall lead from Boullion's faster Pescarolo. The No. 36 Paul Belmondo Racing Courage car lost its four-lap lead in the LMP2 category to Erdos' No. 25 Ray Mallock Lola car because of an overheating issue.
At the first Mulsanne chicane, Campbell-Walter locked his front-left tyre on gravel and oil strewn across the track and collided with a tyre barrier. He drove the No. 13 Creation Autosportif DBA-Judd car to the garage for a new splitter, bodywork, and brake disc before rejoining the race in 20th after 1 hour and 10 minutes. Loeb brought the No. 16 Pescarolo into the pit lane for a three-minute stop to clear debris from the car's air intakes and bodywork after going off the track onto an escape road at Indianapolis corner. The No. 25 Ray Mallock MG-Lola lost the LMP2 lead to Andre in the No. 37 Paul Belmondo Courage vehicle due to a broken layshaft bearing that forced the car into the garage for 34 minutes, dropping it to third in the category. Soon after, Enge's No. 58 Aston Martin sustained front splitter damage. After a five-minute pit stop to repair the damage, the car lost the LMGT1 lead to Beretta's No. 64 Corvette. Stéphane Sarrazin's No. 59 Aston Martin also passed teammate Enge for second place in the category; despite a left-rear puncture, his pit stop did not lose him second in LMGT1.
In the 19th hour, Ayari, fifth, picked up a rear puncture on a bump at the first Mulsanne chicane. He spun through 90 degrees into a tyre wall, damaging the No. 17 Pescarolo car's rear wing, steering and suspension, as well as loosening its bodywork. Ayari slowed for almost an entire lap to enter the garage. Pescarolo were unable to repair the damage after half an hour and retired the car. The No. 17's retirement elevated John Stack's No. 9 Jota Zytek car to fifth overall. The Zytek car held fifth until Hignett understeered across a gravel trap at Indianapolis corner and collided with a tyre barrier. Marshals freed Hignett from the barrier, and the car returned to the track in eighth overall. The attrition rate among LMP1 cars promoted the LMGT1-leading No. 64 Corvette to fifth overall. Meanwhile, Erdos' No. 25 Ray Mallock MG-Lola car spun into a gravel trap at the Ford Chicane because of a right-rear suspension failure. Erdos was able to drive the car to the pit lane for repairs. With 90 minutes remaining, the No. 59 Aston Martin entered the garage to have a water leak in its radiator repaired, while Enge's No. 58 car retired after running out of fuel on track. After an unscheduled visit to the garage to have debris removed from the radiator, Boullion's No. 16 Pescarolo began to fall off the race pace. The debris was the result of duct grilles being opened to stop the car overheating.
Finish
Unchallenged since the race's third hour, Kristensen won for the No. 3 Audi team in a time of 24:01:30.901 at an average speed of , two laps ahead of Boullion's No. 16 Pescarolo car. A further four laps separated the No. 2 Champion vehicle, which was third overall. Team Oreca, the final Audi vehicle, finished fourth, another two laps behind. It was Werner's first Le Mans victory, Lehto's second and Kristensen's seventh. Kristensen eclipsed Jacky Ickx's all-time record of six overall Le Mans wins, and Werner completed the Triple Crown of Endurance Racing (overall wins in the 24 Hours of Daytona, the 12 Hours of Sebring and the 24 Hours of Le Mans). It was also Audi's fifth overall victory and the last for the R8. The No. 64 Corvette maintained its two-lap advantage at the front of the LMGT1 field over the No. 63 car, earning the team their fourth class win. Aston Martin's No. 59 DBR9 completed the category podium in third. Alex Job won the LMGT2 category, unchallenged since the fifth hour of the race, two minutes ahead of White Lightning's No. 90 Porsche and seven laps ahead of Flying Lizard's No. 80 entry. The race for the LMP2 class victory continued into the final hour, with the Ray Mallock Lola car overtaking the two Paul Belmondo Courage vehicles after they experienced mechanical problems with 45 minutes remaining.
Race results
The minimum number of laps for classification (75 per cent of the overall winning car's race distance) was 277 laps. Class winners are denoted with bold.
References
External links
Le Mans
24 Hours of Le Mans
24 Hours of Le Mans races
Le Mans | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2005%2024%20Hours%20of%20Le%20Mans |
Zebra Lounge is a 2001 erotic thriller directed by Kari Skogland and starring Kristy Swanson, Stephen Baldwin, Brandy Ledford, and Cameron Daddo. It was written by Claire Montgomery and Monte Montgomery.
Plot
Alan and Wendy Barnet are stuck in a marital rut and decide to answer an ad they find in a Swinging magazine. The couple meets with Jack and Louise Bauer at the Zebra Lounge. The Bauers are a pair of experienced swingers who help the Barnets fulfill their sexual fantasies. However, Alan and Wendy soon realize that the Bauers are not who they seem to be.
Cast
Kristy Swanson - Louise Bauer
Stephen Baldwin - Jack Bauer
Brandy Ledford - Wendy Barnet
Cameron Daddo - Alan Barnet
Dara Perlmutter - Brooke Barnet
Daniel Magder - Daniel Barnet
Vincent Corazza - Neil Bradley
Brian Paul - Adam Frazier
Howard Hoover - Bill Wallace
J.D. Nicholsen - Detective
Brandan Turcic - Evan
Chris Gillett - Hank
Judy White - Janet
Stephen Fretwell - Paul McGrew
Joan Gregson - Grandma Margaret
Stephanie Moore - Marissa Wallace
Larissa Gomes - Marnie
Shani Scherenzel - Tina
Home media
The film was released on DVD and VHS in January 2002.
References
External links
2000s erotic thriller films
2001 television films
2001 films
Canadian thriller television films
English-language Canadian films
2000s English-language films
Canadian erotic thriller films
Films directed by Kari Skogland
2000s Canadian films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zebra%20Lounge |
Jineane Marie Ford (born ) is an American beauty queen, actress, and television personality from Arizona who held the title Miss USA 1980.
Background
Ford was raised on a farm in Gilbert, Arizona. She raised calves, and participated in rodeo barrel racing. She was a member of the Future Farmers of America and became a registered meat cutter in High School.
Pageants
Ford was named Fiesta Bowl Queen in 1978-79 when attending Mesa Community College before winning the Miss Arizona USA contest in 1980. She represented her state at the Miss USA pageant televised live from Biloxi, Mississippi in 1980.
Ford delivered a solid performance in the preliminary round of competition, and placed eighth among the top twelve semi-finalists who advanced to compete in the final night of the pageant. She was also the co-winner of the Miss Photogenic award.
Ford performed consistently during the pageant, placing among the top five in each of the interview, swimsuit and evening gown competitions: her strongest showing was in the evening gown competition where she ranked second. Overall, Ford finished first runner-up to Miss South Carolina USA Shawn Weatherly, which gave her the right to assume the Miss USA title should Weatherly be unable to complete her reign.
In July 1980, Weatherly won the Miss Universe contest, and Ford was crowned the new Miss USA in her stead. As the two competitions are allied, the two American beauties completed their respective reigns living in the same apartment in New York, provided as part of their prize package.
Acting career
After passing on her crown to Kim Seelbrede in 1981, Ford went on to work in the entertainment industry. While looking for acting work, she worked as a butcher at a Vons supermarket in Southern California. She obtained acting roles in several TV series and TV movies.
TV News
She then decided to return to Arizona and began a long career in local television, almost all in Phoenix except for several years in Tampa. She worked at KTVK and then joined KPNX 12 News in Phoenix in 1991 where she co-anchored 12 News Today and 12 News Midday. She remained with the station until January 2, 2007, when she left anchoring full-time at KPNX on January 2, 2007, in order to spend more time with her family and to take care of her business.
Awards
In 2016, Ford was inducted into The Arizona Broadcasters Association Hall of Fame.
Personal
She is also a business owner, having purchased the oldest log lodge in Arizona, restoring it and opening it back up for business. She operates Mama Bears's Restaurant and Honey Bear Antiques and Lodge in Pinetop-Lakeside. Ford has won awards for Best New Business and Historic Preservation from the state. She has two sons, Cody and Austin, from her first marriage to Neil O. King.
Filmography
References
External links
Official Miss USA website
Miss USA winners
People from Gilbert, Arizona
Living people
Miss USA 1980 delegates
American television news anchors
1960s births
American women television journalists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jineane%20Ford |
The 1stBank Center (originally the Broomfield Event Center and formerly the Odeum Colorado) was a multi-purpose arena located 15 miles northwest of Downtown Denver, in the city of Broomfield. It was located near the Rocky Mountain Metropolitan Airport and the Flatiron Crossing Mall. Opening in 2006, the arena naming rights belonged to 1stBank, a local financial institution since 2010. The venue was typically used for mid-sized concerts in the Denver Metro area, seating up to 6,500 patrons. From June 2010 until May 2014, the arena housed the Colorado Music Hall of Fame before it moved to its permanent home at the Red Rocks Amphitheatre. For sports, it was the home of the Denver Roller Dolls and former home of the Rocky Mountain Rage and Colorado 14ers.
History
The City and County of Broomfield unveiled plans for a new sports facility in the Denver Metro area, in May 2005. Led by Jim Wiens and John Few, the venue is an anchor for the 215-acre commercial and residential development, Arista Metropolitan District (also called Arista Broomfield). The facility would serve as competition for several mid-sized venues in Colorado, including the: Magness Arena, Bellco Theatre, Fillmore Auditorium, Budweiser Events Center, World Arena and the (now defunct) City Lights Pavilion. To set it apart from its competition, the arena was designed to give an arena-sized show a theater (intimate) feeling.
Construction began in October 2006 to a rocky start. Six months after construction began, the venue's owners faced a lawsuit regarding noise control. Before opening, the facility saw staff and management changes. Despite pushbacks, the venue opened on November 9, 2006, with a concert by Bonnie Raitt. However, the facility proved it couldn't stand against its competitors. Many patrons complained of a lack of parking and street sign leading to the venue. Others complained about the acoustics, describing the arena as a concrete barn. For its first two years of operation, the venue did not see a profit. It was unable to pay bills and staff salaries.
Until 2009, the arena was operated by Broomfield Sports and Entertainment (created by Wiens and Frew). Management ceased when the company could no longer financially afford to maintain the failing venue. The Broomfield Urban Renewal Authority (BURA) began seeking a new management company in January 2009. AEG Live, VenuWorks and SMG all placed bids. Operations were passed off to Peak Entertainment—a joint venture between Kroenke Sports Enterprises and AEG Live Rocky Mountains, in June 2009, for 28 years. Chuck Morris, President and CEO or AEG Live Rocky Mountains, was responsible to the revitalization of the Fillmore Auditorium.
Under the new management, the venue saw over one million dollars in renovations. This included a new paint job, window treatments, terrace balconies, improvements to lighting and acoustics. Over 2,000 parking spaces were added, along with a pedestrian bridge connecting patrons to RTD's US 36 and Broomfield Park-n-Ride. During this construction period, the facility was given a temporary name change of Odeum Colorado. In February 2010, it was announced local financial institution, FirstBank Holding Company of Colorado, Inc. (known simply as 1stBank) purchased naming rights for five years, at an undisclosed amount. The agreement began on March 1, 2010. The arena reopened on March 5, 2010, with a concert by Furthur. Since its reopening, the arena has hosted numerous concerts by popular artists, alongside family shows and sporting events.
On May 23, 2023, the Broomfield Urban Renewal Authority's Board of Directors announced that the arena would permanently close on November 30 and then be torn down in early to mid 2024. The board cited that the arena never made a profit as the reason for its closing. The large property is expected to be redeveloped soon after demolition of the 1st Bank Center.
The 1st Bank Center held its final event on September 27, 2023, with AEW Dynamite.
Naming
Broomfield Event Center (November 9, 2006—December 8, 2009)
Odeum Colorado (December 9, 2009—February 28, 2010) (no events were held during the time as the arena was being renovated)
1stBank Center (March 1, 2010—present)
Performers
A Perfect Circle
Adventure Club
Arcade Fire
Basscrooks
Bassnectar
Bear Grillz
Big Time Rush
Borgore
Carrie Underwood
Dave Matthews
Dead & Company
Dia Frampton
Dropkick Murphy’s
Excision
Fall Out Boy
Figure
Flosstradamus
for KING & COUNTRY
G-Eazy
Green Day
Hall & Oates
Jean Michel Jarre
Judas Priest
Just A Gent
Justin Bieber
Katy Perry
Ke$ha
Korn
Krewella
Lady Gaga
LAXX
LCD Soundsystem
Lindsey Stirling
Little Big Town
Macklemore
Mark Knopfler
Modest Mouse
My Morning Jacket
Nero
New Kids on the Block
New Order
Nickel Creek
Nine Inch Nails
Oasis
Oysterhead
Panic! at the Disco
Paul Simon
Pavement
Pentatonix
Phish
Phoenix
Portishead
Pretty Lights
Radiohead
Robyn
Roger Daltrey
Sam Smith
Scorpions
Selena Gomez
Shawn Mendes
Sigur Ros
Skrillex
Terravita
The Chemical Brothers
The Fray
The Killers
The Lumineers
The Secret Sisters
The String Cheese Incident
Tom Petty and the Heartbreakers
Usher
Volbeat
Widespread Panic
Ween
Zedd
Zeds Dead
Zomboy
Special events
UFC Fight Night: Florian vs. Lauzon (April 2, 2008)
Strikeforce: Payback (October 3, 2008)
UFC Live: Vera vs. Jones (March 21, 2010)
WEC 51: Aldo vs. Gamburyan (September 30, 2010)
UFC Fight Night: Henderson vs. Thatch (February 14, 2015)
Glory 16: Denver (May 3, 2014)
Glory 34: Denver (October 21, 2016)
Glory 56: Denver (August 10, 2018)
AEW Dynamite (March 4, 2020)
New Year's Smash (2022) (December 28, 2022)
BKFC 41 (April 29, 2023)
ONE on Prime Video 10 (May 5, 2023)
AEW Dynamite (September 27, 2023)
External links
1stBank Center at AEG Facilities
1stBank Center at Reed Construction Data
References
2006 establishments in Colorado
Basketball venues in Colorado
Buildings and structures in Broomfield, Colorado
Indoor arenas in Colorado
Indoor ice hockey venues in Colorado
Sports venues completed in 2006
Tourist attractions in Broomfield, Colorado | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1stBank%20Center |
Pachypleurosauria is an extinct clade of primitive sauropterygian reptiles from the Triassic period. Pachypleurosaurs vaguely resembled aquatic lizards, with elongate forms ranging in size from , with small heads, long necks, paddle-like limbs, and long, deep tails. The limb girdles are greatly reduced, so it is unlikely these animals could move about on land. The widely spaced peg-like teeth project at the front of the jaws, indicating that these animals fed on fish. In the species Prosantosaurus, it was observed that they fed on small fishes and crustaceans which they devoured entirely and that its teeth regrew after they broke off. This was the first observation of tooth replacement in a European pachypleurosaur, with the only other discovery of such an event having been made in China.
Classification
Pachypleurosaurs were traditionally included within the Nothosauroidea (Carroll 1988, Benton 2004). In some more recent cladistic classifications, however, (Rieppel 2000), they are considered the sister group to the Eosauropterygia, the clade that also includes the nothosaurs and pistosauroids. In the 2023 description of Luopingosaurus, Xu et al. supported a similar hypothesis, recovering Pachypleurosauroidea as the sister taxon to the Eusauropterygia. The results of their phylogenetic analyses are shown in the cladogram below:
Sources
Benton, M. J. (2004), Vertebrate Paleontology, 3rd ed. Blackwell Science Ltd
Carroll, R.L. (1988), Vertebrate Paleontology and Evolution, WH Freeman & Co.
Rieppel, O., (2000), Sauropterygia I, placodontia, pachypleurosauria, nothosauroidea, pistosauroidea: In: Handbuch der Palaoherpetologie, part 12A, 134pp. Verlag Dr. Friedrich Pfeil Table of contents
References
External links
Lepidosauromorpha: Pachypleurosauridae - Palaeos
Triassic sauropterygians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pachypleurosauria |
An engagement letter defines the legal relationship (or engagement) between a professional firm (e.g., law, investment banking, consulting, advisory or accountancy firm) and its client(s). This letter states the terms and conditions of the engagement, principally addressing the scope of the engagement and the terms of compensation for the firm.
Most engagement letters follow a standard format. The example given below refers to the engagement of an accountancy firm.
Standard format for letters of engagement
Addressee: Typically addressed to the senior management (e.g. CEO) of the client.
Identification of the service to be rendered: One type of service is a financial statement audit. Provided in this section is a brief description of the nature of the particular service. Other services that are planned for the audit (e.g. evaluation of internal control, preparation of regulatory reports) are also identified in this section.
Specification of the responsibilities of the auditor of the company: This section refers to the specific professional standards and responsibilities of the auditor.
Constraints on the accounting firm: For example, timing of access to client facilities and accounting records may delay the engagement.
Deadlines: This section lays out the estimated date of completion and release of the financial statements, as well as the general guidelines for the timing of the audit work.
Description of any assistance to be provided by the client: Typically, the client’s personnel will prepare some schedules (e.g. bank reconciliations) and retrieve documents from files. The letter should describe the assistance of client personnel. If the assistance is not provided and the auditors must complete the work themselves, this section of the letter would provide justification for additional fees to the client.
Interactions with specialists, internal auditors, and the predecessor auditor needed to conduct the audit: Some specialists needed on an audit may include engineers to verify the stage of completion of electronic components, real estate appraisers to appraise realizable value of real estate used as collateral for loans, actuaries to evaluate the funding requirements and future cash flows associated with pensions or post-retirement health costs, and attorneys to evaluate the likely disposition of contingent losses arising from litigation.
A disclaimer: Describing the limits of the audit. Typically this expresses that an audit is not designed to detect all forms of fraud or illegal acts; rather, an audit checks the financial position of a client with reference to generally accepted accounting principles.
A description of the basis for fees: This may include a fixed fee or an estimate of fees based on expected completion time and billing rates of firm employees assigned to the engagement.
Ownership and accessibility of the auditor’s files to external parties.
See also
List of auditing topics
Auditing | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Engagement%20letter |
Magic and Loss is the sixteenth solo studio album by American rock musician Lou Reed, released on January 14, 1992, by Sire Records. A concept album, it was Reed's highest-charting album on the UK Albums Chart, peaking at No. 6.
Background
Magic and Loss was originally intended to be primarily about themes of magic after hearing stories about magicians in Mexico. However, when tragedy struck during the writing process, Reed expanded the album's focus to themes of loss and death as well. Inspired in part by the illnesses and eventual deaths of two close friends, Magic and Loss was written for songwriter Doc Pomus, who had given Reed his start in the music business some 25 years earlier, and a woman Reed has identified as "Rita", popularly assumed to be Rotten Rita, who along with Reed was a familiar figure at Andy Warhol's studio, the Factory, in the mid-to-late '60s. Photographs of Pomus and a woman's face can be seen at the center of the lyric booklet included with the CD release.
Jazz singer Little Jimmy Scott performs backing vocals on track 3, "Power and Glory". Reed's live performance of the album filmed on March 18, 1992, at Pinewood Studios in London, England, was released on VHS and LaserDisc.
The single "What's Good"/"The Thesis", released in March, was Reed's second number-one hit (after "Dirty Blvd.") on the Billboard Modern Rock Tracks chart, occupying the top spot for 3 weeks. The 12" version of the release contained Reed's reading of "Harry's Circumcision" and "A Dream". A longer version of "What's Good" was previously released on the 1991 soundtrack album to the Wim Wenders film Until the End of the World.
Critical reception
Magic and Loss was voted the 16th best album of the year in The Village Voices annual Pazz & Jop critics poll for 1992. Robert Christgau, the poll's creator, disapproved of the voters' support of an album he felt was a "failed concept" marred by Reed's uninteresting views on death. In a positive review, Greg Kot of the Chicago Tribune said that the album shows "a great rocker at the peak of his powers: Striking tunes, gripping lyrics, honest emotion stripped of melodrama."
Track listing
All tracks written by Lou Reed, except where noted.
Side one
"Dorita - The Spirit" – 1:07
"What's Good - The Thesis" – 3:22
"Power and Glory - The Situation" (Lou Reed, Mike Rathke) – 4:23
"Magician - Internally" – 6:23
"Sword of Damocles - Externally" – 3:42
"Goodby Mass - In a Chapel Bodily Termination" – 4:25
"Cremation - Ashes to Ashes" – 2:54
"Dreamin' - Escape" (Reed, Rathke) – 5:07
Side two
"No Chance - Regret" – 3:15
"Warrior King - Revenge" – 4:27
"Harry's Circumcision - Reverie Gone Astray" – 5:28
"Gassed and Stoked - Loss" (Reed, Rathke) – 4:18
"Power and Glory, Part II - Magic - Transformation" (Reed, Rathke) – 2:57
"Magic and Loss - The Summation" (Reed, Rathke) – 6:39
Personnel
Credits are adapted from the Magic and Loss liner notes.
Musicians
Lou Reed – vocals, acoustic guitar, electric guitar
Mike Rathke – guitar
Rob Wasserman – bass guitar
Michael Blair – drums, percussion, backing vocals
Roger Moutenot – backing vocals
Little Jimmy Scott – backing vocals on "Power and Glory – The Situation"
Artwork
Spencer Drate, Judith Salavetz, Sylvia Reed – album design
Louis Jammes – photography
Charts
References
External links
Lou Reed albums
1992 albums
Albums produced by Lou Reed
Concept albums
Sire Records albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Magic%20and%20Loss |
Richard Paul Anderson (born February 10, 1946) is an American former professional football player who was a safety for the Miami Dolphins of the American Football League (AFL) and National Football League (NFL) for nine seasons during the 1960s and 1970s. He played college football at Colorado and was recognized as a consensus All-American. He was selected in third round of the 1968 NFL/AFL draft, and he played for his entire professional career for the Dolphins.
Anderson made an immediate impact with the Dolphins during his rookie year with 8 interceptions (his first of three seasons where he recorded at least 8 interceptions), which helped him win the AFL Defensive Rookie of the Year in 1968. In 1970, with the addition of drafting safety Jake Scott, the two would make up one of the most dynamic safety tandems in the NFL throughout the 1970s, on the Miami Dolphins famed "No-Name Defense". He won back-to-back Super Bowl championships in 1972 during Miami's infamous "perfect season", and the following year in 1973. During their 1973 Super Bowl championship run, Anderson was voted the NFL Defensive Player of the Year where he recorded another 8 interceptions, including a record 4 in one game against the Pittsburgh Steelers.
Anderson finished his career as Miami's 2nd all-time leading interceptor with 34 career interceptions (one behind Jake Scott's 35). He was a three-time Pro Bowl selection, a three-time first (2) or second (1) team All-Pro, and was also elected to the NFL 1970s All-Decade Team.
In 1993, Anderson was inducted into the College Football Hall of Fame. Despite numerous NFL accolades, Dick Anderson has yet to make the Pro Football Hall of Fame. It’s possibly due to his short tenure, only playing 10 seasons.
Early life
Dick Anderson was born on February 10, 1946 in Midland, Michigan. He attended Boulder High School in Boulder, Colorado.
College career
Anderson was named a consensus first-team All-American in his senior season at the University of Colorado, and set a school record with 14 career interceptions.
Professional career
Miami Dolphins
Anderson was selected by the Dolphins in the 1968 NFL/AFL Draft, and was named the AFL defensive rookie of the year. He was a three-time Pro Bowler in 1972, 1973 (in which he was NFL Defensive Player of the Year), and 1974, in which he was one of the leaders of the Dolphins well known No Name Defense. Anderson was also the president of the National Football League Players Association from 1975 until he retired.
Although primarily a safety, he also served as the team's backup punter. In 1969 Miami's regular punter separated his shoulder late in the season and Anderson took over the punting duties for the Dolphins' last game of the season against the New York Jets. In Miami's undefeated season of 1972, Seiple injured his knee in a late season game against the Jets and Anderson had to punt late in that game. The Dolphins signed punter Billy Lothridge, who punted the next two games, but the Dolphins had to deactivate Lothridge for their next to last game against the New York Giants in order to activate quarterback Bob Griese, who had missed much of the season with an injury, and so Anderson had to take over the punting duties for that game. Seiple returned for the Dolphins' last game of the season and for the playoffs.
In his nine AFL/NFL seasons, Anderson recorded 34 interceptions, which he returned for 792 yards and 3 touchdowns. He also recovered 15 fumbles, returning them for 100 yards and a touchdown. On special teams, he gained 430 yards returning kickoffs and punted the ball nine times for 335 yards.
After retirement, Anderson became a successful businessman and a Florida state senator. In 1993, he was enshrined in the College Football Hall of Fame. His brother is Bobby Anderson, an All-American running back at Colorado and the eleventh overall pick of the 1970 NFL Draft, selected by the Denver Broncos. His son, Blake Anderson, played wide receiver for the University of Colorado.
On December 3, 1973, Anderson had perhaps his greatest personal effort in his career, becoming the 7th player to intercept 4 passes in a single game in NFL history in the Dolphins 30-26 victory over the Pittsburgh Steelers. Since that date, another six players have tied that mark.
On December 3, 2006, Anderson was inducted into the Miami Dolphins Honor Roll during halftime of the Dolphins-Jaguars game. He is one of two players inducted that year, the other being Richmond Webb, who was inducted December 25 against the Jets. Anderson was the first individual defensive back inducted into the Honor Roll. The entire 1972 Dolphins roster is a part of the Honor Roll, including Anderson.
In 2018, the Professional Football Researchers Association named Anderson to the PFRA Hall of Very Good Class of 2018. He is noted for being one of four players from the NFL All-Decade team from the 1970s to not eventually have been inducted into the Pro Football Hall of Fame.
NFL career statistics
Regular Season
Personal life
Anderson has competed at the American Century Championship, an annual golf competition to determine the best players among American sports and entertainment celebrities. He won the tournament in 1994 and has a total of 11 top ten finishes. The tournament, televised by NBC in July, is played at Edgewood Tahoe Golf Course in Lake Tahoe, Nevada.
See also
List of American Football League players
References
External links
1946 births
Living people
All-American college football players
American Conference Pro Bowl players
American football safeties
Boulder High School alumni
College Football Hall of Fame inductees
Colorado Buffaloes football players
Florida state senators
Miami Dolphins players
Sportspeople from Midland, Michigan
Presidents of the National Football League Players Association
American Football League players
Trade unionists from Florida
National Football League Defensive Player of the Year Award winners | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick%20Anderson |
Anyda Marchant (January 27, 1911 – January 11, 2006) was a lawyer (she was one of the first women to pass the Bar in Washington D.C.) and a founding partner of Naiad Press and A&M Books. She was also an author of primarily lesbian fiction, for which she wrote under the pseudonym Sarah Aldridge.
Early life
Marchant was born in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil to Langworthy Marchant and Maude H Arnett. One year after her, Marchant's younger brother, Alexander was born.
Marchant's full birth name was Anne Nelson Yarborough De Armond Marchant, but early into life (at least by 1930), she began to shorten her name to Anyda, an acronym for her full name.
By the time she was five, Marchant and her family moved to Washington, D.C. This move was spurred because Marchant's father had been appointed chief of the Translation Bureau of the Ministry of Agriculture of the Brazilian government. According to Marchant's obituary in The Washington Post, she told USA Today in a 1992 article that she recalled as a young girl seeing women in the suffragist movement "being arrested in Lafayette Park and bundled into paddy wagons."
Sadly, when Marchant was just eighteen, her father died suddenly.
Education
Marchant received her undergraduate degree in 1931 and then went on to law school at George Washington University, which at the time was known as the National University of Washington, D.C. Amidst her studies, Marchant worked for a year as a junior law assistant for women's rights pioneer, Alice Paul, who at the time was working on the ERA draft. Marchant deemed Paul "among the very greatest of the feminists."
Marchant graduated from George Washington University in 1933 and became one of the first women to pass the Bar Exam and practice law in Washington, D.C., and before the US Court of Claims and the US Supreme Court.
By 1940, Marchant had moved with her mother and brother to Baltimore County.
Career
Before her career as an author, Marchant had a 40-year law career. In 1940, she was appointed assistant in the Law Library of Congress in the Latin American Law section. When the man who was head of the Anglo-American Law Section was drafted in World War II, Marchant took his place. When he returned in 1945, the man took his position back, and Marchant refused to work a lower job.
Marchant returned to Rio de Janeiro to work as attorney for a Canadian power company. She also had a brief stint as a translator at the 1948 Pan-American Union conference in Bogotá, Colombia.
She then went back to Washington D.C. in late 1948 and became one of four women attorneys at Covington and Burling, Dean Acheson's firm. It was at this job that Marchant would meet her lifelong partner, Muriel Crawford, who worked there as an administrative assistant.
Marchant served the World Bank as an attorney in the Legal Department for 18 years until retiring in 1972.
Marchant wrote some short stories for the lesbian magazine, The Ladder. Through this writing, Marchant was introduced to Barbara Grier, when Grier edited and published one of Marchant's stories. When The Ladder ceased publication in 1972, Marchant and Grier longed for a new avenue for lesbian writing and literature. Thus, Naiad Press was co-founded in 1973 by Anyda Marchant, Muriel Crawford, Barbara Grier, and Grier's partner, Donna McBride.
Naiad Press was founded, in part, to publish Marchant's first books under the Sarah Aldridge pen name. Marchant did not believe any other publisher would want it, because of its lesbian content. Naiad Press was made possible when Marchant provided $2000 from her retirement income to the publishing of Naiad's first few books. The first book published by Naiad Press was Sarah Aldridge's The Latecomer in 1974. It was said to be the first lesbian novel to have a happy ending.
Under the name Sarah Aldridge, Marchant was the author of fourteen literary lesbian works, eleven of which were published by Naiad Press.
Naiad Press went on to become the most successful lesbian publishing house. Marchant served as Naiad's President from its inception, up until the mid-1990s. In 1992, after a publishing dispute, Marchant and Crawford left Naiad Press. They took with them the existing stock of all Sarah Aldridge books.
After their departure, Marchant and Crawford founded A&M Books. They mostly published the remaining few Sarah Aldridge books, along with works from other authors, such as Ann Allen Shockley.
Personal life
Marchant met Muriel Inez Crawford (April 21, 1914 – June 7, 2006) in 1947 and they became a couple in 1948, though they remained largely in the closet until the '90s. The couple was together for 57 years until Aldridge's death.
In 1965, Marchant and Crawford became permanent residents of Rehoboth Beach, Delaware, a place that was known for its LGBT community. There, the two had weekly 'Salons' on their porch.
Marchant only officially came out of the closet in 1990 with a public appearance at a Lambda Rising Bookstore.
Marchant and Crawford remained together in Rehoboth until the end of their lives. During winters, they lived in Lighthouse Point, Florida.
Death
Marchant passed away two weeks shy of her ninety-fifth birthday in 2006. Muriel Crawford passed away five months later.
Marchant was awarded the Golden Crown Literary Society Trailblazer Award posthumously in June 2007.
Marchant's first novel, The Latecomer, was reissued in 2009 as a 35th-anniversary edition by A&M Books. In addition to the novel, editor Fay Jacobs collected essays from a vast array of lesbian icons attesting to Aldridge's lasting impact as a pioneer of early lesbian writing. This volume became the first of her work to appear in digital format in 2009.
Notable works
Written as Sarah Aldridge
The Latecomer (1974)
Tottie: A Tale of the Sixties (1975)
Cytherea's Breath (1976)
All True Lovers (1978)
The Nesting Place (1982)
Madame Aurora (1983)
Misfortune's Friend (1985)
Magdalena (1987)
Keep to Me Stranger (1989)
A Flight of Angels (1992)
Michaela (1994)
References
External links
Barbara Grier - Naiad Press Collection
Sally Taft Duplaix Collection at the Mortimer Rare Book Collection, Smith College Special Collections
American lesbian writers
Brazilian lesbian writers
Pulp fiction writers
20th-century American women writers
Writers from Rio de Janeiro (city)
People from Rehoboth Beach, Delaware
Lawyers from Washington, D.C.
1911 births
2006 deaths
20th-century American lawyers
20th-century Brazilian LGBT people
21st-century Brazilian LGBT people
20th-century American women lawyers
21st-century American women writers
Novelists from Delaware
American women novelists
20th-century American novelists
Brazilian LGBT novelists
American LGBT novelists
Lesbian novelists
LGBT people from Delaware
World Bank people
George Washington University alumni
American LGBT lawyers
20th-century pseudonymous writers
20th-century American LGBT people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Anyda%20Marchant |
Kodama (, or ) are spirits in Japanese folklore that inhabit trees. The term is also used to denote a tree in which a kodama supposedly resides. The phenomenon known as yamabiko, when sounds make a delayed echoing effect in mountains and valleys, is sometimes attributed to this kind of spirit and may also be referred to as "kodama".
Summary
These spirits are considered to nimbly bustle about mountains at will. A kodama's outer appearance is very much like an ordinary tree, but if one attempts to cut it down, one would become cursed, etc., and it is thus considered to have some kind of mysterious supernatural power. The knowledge of those trees that have kodama living in them is passed down by the elderly of that area over successive generations and they are protected, and it is also said that trees that have a kodama living in them are of certain species. There is also a theory that when old trees are cut, blood could come forth from them.
Kodama is also seen as something that can be understood as mountain gods, and a tree god from the 712 CE Kojiki, Kukunochi no Kami, has been interpreted as a kodama, and in the Heian period dictionary, the Wamyō Ruijushō, there is a statement on tree gods under the Japanese name "Kodama" (). In The Tale of Genji, there are statements such as "is it an oni, a god (kami), a fox (kitsune), or a tree spirit (kodama)" and "the oni of a kodama", and thus, it can be seen that kodama are seen to be close to yōkai. They are said to take on the appearance of atmospheric ghost lights, of beasts, and of humans, and there is also a story where a kodama who, in order to meet a human it fell in love with, took on the appearance of a human itself.
In Aogashima in the Izu Islands, shrines are created at the base of large Cryptomeria trees (sugi) in the mountains and are worshipped to under the name "kidama-sama" and "kodama-sama" and thus the vestiges of belief in tree spirits can be seen. Also, in the village of Mitsune on Hachijō-jima, whenever a tree is cut, there was a tradition that one must offer a festival to the tree's spirit "kidama-sama".
On Okinawa Island, tree spirits are called "kiinushii" and whenever a tree is cut down, one would first pray to kiinushii and then cut it. Also, when there is an echoing noise of what sounds like a fallen tree at the dead of night, even though there are no actual fallen trees, it is said to be the anguishing voice of kiinushii and it is said that in times like these, the tree would then wither several days later. The kijimuna, which is known as a yōkai on Okinawa, is also sometimes said to be a type of kiinushii or a personification of a kiinushii.
In the collection of yōkai depictions, the Gazu Hyakki Yagyō by Toriyama Sekien, under the title 木魅 ("kodama"), an aged man and woman are depicted standing alongside the trees and here it is stated that when a tree has passed a hundred years of age, a divine spirit would come dwell inside it and show its appearance. According to the 13th century Ryōbu Shinto manual Reikiki, kodama can be found in groups in the inner reaches of mountains. They occasionally speak and can especially be heard when a person dies.
In modern times, cutting down a tree which houses a kodama is thought to bring misfortune and such trees are often marked with shimenawa rope.
See also
Anito
Balete tree
Tree spirits
References
External links
Kodama – The Tree Spirit at hyakumonogatari.com (English).
Shinto kami
Tree deities
Yōkai
Forest spirits | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kodama%20%28spirit%29 |
Stephen Anthony McNallen (born October 15, 1948) is an American proponent of Heathenry, a modern Pagan new religious movement, and a white nationalist activist. He founded the Asatru Folk Assembly (AFA), which he led from 1994 until 2016, having previously been the founder of the Viking Brotherhood and the Asatrú Free Assembly.
Born in Breckenridge, Texas, McNallen developed an interest in pre-Christian Scandinavia while in college. In 1969–70 he founded the Viking Brotherhood, through which he printed a newsletter, The Runestone, to promote a form of Heathenry that he called "Asatru". After spending four years in the United States Army, he transformed the Viking Brotherhood into the Asatrú Free Assembly (AFA), through which he promoted Heathenry within the American Pagan community. He espoused the belief, which he named "metagenetics", that religions are connected to genetic inheritance, thus arguing that Heathenry was only suitable for those of Northern European ancestry. A growing membership generated internal conflict within the AFA, resulting in McNallen's decision to expel those with neo-Nazi and racial extremist views from the organisation. Under increasing personal strain, in 1987 he disbanded the Assembly.
Moving to Northern California, McNallen began a career as a school teacher; during the summer vacations he travelled the world as a military journalist, writing articles for Soldier of Fortune magazine. Concerned by what he saw as the growth of liberal, universalist ideas in Heathenry, he returned to active involvement in the Heathen movement in the mid-1990s, establishing the Asatrú Folk Assembly, which was headquartered in Grass Valley, California. In 1997 he was involved in the establishment of the International Asatru/Odinist Alliance alongside Valgard Murray's Ásatrú Alliance and the British Odinic Rite. He brought greater attention to his group after they became involved in the debate surrounding the Kennewick Man, arguing that it constituted evidence for a European presence in prehistoric America. In the 21st century he became more politically active, becoming involved in both environmentalist campaigns and white nationalist groups linked to the alt-right movement.
McNallen is a controversial figure in the Heathen and wider Pagan community. His espousal of right-wing ethnonationalist ideas and his insistence that Heathenry should be reserved for those of Northern European ancestry has resulted in accusations of racism from both Pagans and the mainstream media. Conversely, many on the extreme right of the Heathen movement have accused him of being a race traitor for his opposition to neo-Nazism and refusal to endorse white supremacism.
Biography
Early life: 1948–76
McNallen was born in the rural town of Breckenridge, Texas on October 15, 1948, to a family of practicing Roman Catholics. After high school, he attended Midwestern State University in Wichita Falls, Texas. While there, he began to investigate alternative religions, reading about the modern Pagan religion of Wicca and the writings of the occultist Aleister Crowley. In his freshman year of college he read a novel, The Viking, by Edison Marshall, which generated his interest in the societies of pre-Christian Scandinavia. According to him, upon reading this book he "got hooked on the spirit of the North", being attracted to the Vikings by what he perceived as "their warlike nature, their will to power, and their assertion of self". In 1968 or 1969 he dedicated himself to the worship of the deities found in Norse mythology, and remained a solitary devotee of theirs for about two years. He later noted that on initially becoming a Heathen, he went through "a stridently anti-Christian phase", and that while he later mellowed in his opinion of Christianity and Christians, he still believed the religion to be "a faulty faith, a foreign imposition on European soil" which had eroded "our traditional culture" and "done us great damage".
In 1969–70, McNallen founded the Viking Brotherhood, issuing a "Viking Manifesto" in which he stated that the Brotherhood was "dedicated to preserving, promoting and practicing the Norse religion as it was epitomized during the Viking Age, and to further the moral and ethical values of courage, individualism, and independence which characterized the Viking way of life." While the group placed greater emphasis on promoting what McNallen perceived as the Viking ideals — "courage, honor, and freedom" — rather than on explicitly religious goals, in 1972 they gained tax-exempt status as a religious organization from the Internal Revenue Service. In the winter of 1971–72 he began publishing a newsletter, The Runestone, using a typewriter and mimeograph machine; he gained his first eleven subscribers through an advert that he placed in Fate magazine. He initially used the term "Norse religion" to describe the Heathen religion that he was practicing, before later adopting the term "Odinism" from the work of Danish Heathen Else Christensen. He then changed it once again, this time to "Asatru", which he had discovered in Magnus Magnusson's book, Hammer of the North, and subsequently popularized within the American Heathen community.
During his college years, McNallen had been a cadet in the Reserve Officers Training Corps, and on completion received a degree in political science. After completing his college education he joined the United States Army, remaining with them for four years, volunteering for service in the Vietnam War before being stationed in West Germany. Although frustrated at what he described as the "authoritarian stupidity" of the army, it impacted his views on warrior ethics and warrior ideals. He retained his interest in Heathenry while a member of the army, and circa 1974 adopted the belief that there was an intrinsic connection between the Norse gods and humans of Northern European descent. After his discharge from the Army in 1976, McNallen hitchhiked across the Sahara Desert before returning to Europe and then to the United States. There, he settled in Berkeley, California.
Asatrú Free Assembly and journalistic career: 1976—93
On his return to the United States in 1976 he transformed his Viking Brotherhood into the Asatrú Free Assembly (AFA). The sociologist of religion Jennifer Snook described it as "the first national Heathen organization in the United States", while according to the religious studies scholars Michael F. Strmiska and Baldur A. Sigurvinsson, the AFA "established many of the important organizational and ritual structures that remain operative" in American Heathenry into the 21st century. Initially meeting in the backroom of an insurance agency owned by group member Dick Johnson, the group later established a store-front office in Breckenridge, while through the AFA, McNallen continued publishing Runestone and produced booklets on Asatru. He also began conducting religious ceremonies, or blóts, and lectured at Pagan events across the U.S. He established groups known as guilds within the AFA to focus on particular endeavours, such as the Mead Brewing Guild and the Warrior Guild. The latter published a quarterly, Wolf Age, in which McNallen displayed his fascination for warrior ethics.
In the early 1980s McNallen used The Runestone to promote his theory of "metagenetics"; the idea that spirituality or religion was encoded in genetic material and thus passed down to one's descendants. In formulating this concept he was influenced by his reading of Jungian psychology with its concept of archetypes existing within a collective unconscious. Accordingly, he described "Ásatrú as an expression of the soul of our [Nordic] race", and thought that it was a "real mistake" for anyone not of Northern European ancestry to follow Heathenry. Not everyone in the AFA embraced this theory, with it being rejected for instance by prominent AFA member Robert Stine, although it would later be developed in new directions by the Heathen Edred Thorsson. Academic observers have characterised metagenetics as racist, and as pseudoscience.
One commentator noted that AFA membership at the time was largely a mix of hippies and neo-Nazis. As membership of the AFA grew, there were an increased number of internal conflicts, often along ideological lines. This was exacerbated by the fact that all affiliated groups, known as kindreds, were autonomous, while the AFA promoted an individualistic ethos which allowed for a diversity of opinions. This generated conflicts at the AFA's annual meetings, or Althings, for instance when Michael "Valgard" Murray—one of the neo-Nazis within the AFA—threatened to kill a fellow member of the Assembly because he was gay. McNallen did not share these Nazi sympathies, disapproving of the Nazi ideal of a centralized totalitarian state, which he believed was anathema to the Heathen ideal of freedom; he also wanted to keep his religion apart from become an adjunct to a specifically political movement. Accordingly, he sought to push out the neo-Nazis and other racial extremists from the group. In 1978 he demanded that AFA members be prohibited from wearing Nazi uniforms and insignia at their events. Among those who left the AFA as a result were Wyatt Kaldenberg—who was appalled by what he described as McNallen's "soft stance on race" and "middle of the road" politics—and the neo-Nazi Heathen Jost Turner, who was McNallen's brother-in-law. McNallen nevertheless remained close to Turner and his family after the division. As a result of such changes, by the late 1970s there was a clear division between McNallen's AFA, which emphasized religious over racial political aims, and Christensen's Odinist Fellowship, which placed far greater emphasis on the latter.
While the autonomous nature of different AFA-affiliated individuals and groups meant that McNallen and his wife Maddy Hutter had little power, they bore the brunt of the responsibility of running the Assembly and organizing its Althings. They were also impacted by a downturn in the Texan economy, with McNallen losing his job as a jail guard. Bankrupt and frustrated, McNallen and the other senior figures in the AFA found that they were unable to organise the group's seventh Althing for 1987. Seeking to ensure that it would continue regardless, McNallen assembled a committee of AFA members, the Southern Heathen Leadership Conference, which issued a document declaring that new membership would be frozen, that AFA responsibilities would be divided more widely, and that McNallen and Hutter should take a vacation from their organizational chores. However, in 1987 McNallen shut down The Runestone and dissolved the AFA altogether, relocating to Northern California. However, according to Strmiska and Sigurvinsson, the AFA had "planted seeds that would take strong root". As a replacement for the Assembly, Murray established the Asatru Alliance, which organised the eighth American Althing for Arizona in June 1988.
In 1986–87, McNallen worked as a peace officer in Stephens County Texas sheriff's office jail and Sheila kept books for an oil company. In 1986, he and Sheila moved to the semi-deserted mining town of Forest in the mountains of California, and there he earned teaching credentials before teaching science and mathematics at a junior high school for six years. During his summer vacations he travelled abroad, during which he met with guerrilla groups active in various parts of the world, writing articles about them for magazines like Soldier of Fortune. He later related that this experience convinced him of the need for ethnonationalism and ethnic separatism across the world. McNallen also joined the U.S. National Guard and was called up during the 1992 Los Angeles riots.
Return to Heathenry: 1994–2016
In the mid-1990s, McNallen returned to an active involvement in the U.S. Pagan scene, aided by his new partner, Sheila Edlund. They established their own Heathen group, the Calasa Kindred, which they affiliated to Murray's AA. He was upset by the growth of The Troth, a universalist Heathen group that welcomed members regardless of ethnic or racial background. He later referred to this as "a corrupt faction" that "denied the innate connection of Germanic religions and Germanic people", expressing anger at the increasing domination of Heathenry by "liberals, affirmative-action Asatrúers, black goðar, and New Agers". In response to this, he decided to re-establish the AFA in 1994, this time calling it the Ásatrú Folk Assembly. This group based its headquarters in Grass Valley, and was structurally very similar to the old AFA, reviving McNallen's The Runestone publication, albeit in a yearbook format. The AFA served much the same constituency as the established AA, with religious studies scholar Jeffrey Kaplan believing that its purpose in the Heathen community was therefore largely superfluous. Seeking to promote Heathenry to a wider audience, McNallen also established the Ásatrú Community Church, which held Sunday services twice a month in the community room of the Nevada County Library; he later acknowledged that it was not particularly successful.
During the 1990s, McNallen befriended the prominent Heathen Michael Moynihan, later recommending and selling Moynihan's journal Tyr on the AFA's website. McNallen and the AFA also appear to have cordial relations with the racial extremist Ron McVan, co-founder of Wotansvolk, publishing some of McVan's writings in Runestone. When in the 1990s, Christensen was arrested for drug smuggling, McNallen teamed up with Murray to form a defense fund for her. In September 1997 he was a signatory to the foundation of the International Asatru/Odinist Alliance (IAOA), a global union of folkish Heathen groups, alongside Murray of the AA and Heimgest of the British Odinic Rite; they were later joined by representatives of the French and German branches of the Odinic Rite, before the union terminated several years later. The alliance convened an international meeting, or Althing, every three years. In 1997, McNallen married Sheila Edlund at the seventeenth Althing, held in Utah; the ceremony was officiated by Murray. In 1999, the AFA purchased land in the higher Sierra of Northern California, there establishing a space where Heathen kindreds could meet together to practice their religion.
In keeping with his ethnonationalist beliefs, McNallen endorsed a 1993 Declaration of War Against Exploiters of Lakota Spirituality, expressing the opinion that white people should resurrect the religions of their European ancestors rather than adopting the belief systems of Native Americans. However, he came into conflict with Native American communities over the discovery of Kennewick Man, a prehistoric skeleton unearthed in Washington State; while local Native communities viewed the body as one of their ancestors and sought its repatriation to them, McNallen argued that it was Caucasian. In October 1996 the AFA filed a suit in the U.S. District Court of Portland to prevent Kennewick Man being given to the Native communities under the Native American Graves Protection and Repatriation Act (NAGPRA); the court ruled that the human remains were not "Native American" within the meaning of NAGPRA. McNallen expressed the view that Native American communities wanted to prevent forensic testing of the Kennewick Man's body because they feared that it would prove that he had been Caucasian, thus establishing that there had been a Caucasian presence in the prehistoric Americas. He believed that Caucasians had entered the Americas via the Bering Strait at around the same time as the ancestors of the Native Americans did, but that the Caucasians were subsequently wiped out; he warned that "that can happen to us too" and thus steps should be taken to preserve the existence of North America's European population. In 2000, the AFA withdrew from its involvement in the Kennewick Man legal case, stating that it had run out of funds to continue. The publicity surrounding the case nevertheless brought the AFA to far greater attention.
During the late 1990s, the AFA began promoting what it termed "tribalism", encouraging Heathens to form networks of extended families to help secure the religion's future. By mid-2001, McNallen and other figures in the leadership felt that they were again overworked and overstretched and so tried to reduce the group's hierarchical structure by abandoning the concept of membership. In the 21st century, the AFA made significant inroads online, establishing a homepage, blog, podcast, online radio, as well as accounts on Facebook and YouTube. Around the same time it began to promote the writings of Nouvelle Droite authors such as Alain de Benoist, selling an English-language translation of the latter's Being a Pagan on its website.
Growing political activity
At the turn of the 21st century, McNallen decided to embark on more specifically political activity, becoming President of the European American Issues Forum, a group devoted to advancing the rights of white Americans of which he had been a longstanding member. The group, a scholar of religion later noted, "rode the dangerous margins of racist politics." However, finding the job stressful and afflicted with colon cancer, he later resigned from the presidency.
In 2009 McNallen was invited to the International Asatru Summer Camp, but this was opposed by many of the groups attending, who argued that he should not be invited because of what they perceived as his racist views; a number of European Heathen groups, such as Norway's Bifrost and the Swedish SAS, threatened to boycott the event as a result of McNallen's invite.
In 2010, he contributed an article to the newly founded webzine AlternativeRight.com, founded by the white nationalist Richard B. Spencer, which was featured alongside articles by other white nationalists like Jared Taylor and Kevin B. MacDonald. Spencer noted that the initial articles for this website represented "the first stage" of the alt-right movement.
In 2011, the AFA sent a contingent to the annual conference of a Spencer's white nationalist organization, the National Policy Institute, in what some figures close to McNallen revealed was an attempt to recruit members. After this incident was publicized it resulted in accusations of racism being levelled against McNallen and the AFA from various parts of the Pagan blogosphere.
In December 2012, McNallen created the Facebook page Green Asatru to promote environmental ideas within Heathenry.
In June 2013 McNallen started the non-profit organization, Forever Elephants, to combat ivory poaching in Africa, using Facebook to promote this cause. In 2014, he retired from his profession as a juvenile corrections officer, where he had been employed for the previous five years. In 2015 he published Asatru: A Native European Spirituality; it was reviewed by the religious studies scholar Jefferson Calico for The Pomegranate: The International Journal of Pagan Studies, in which he noted that the book was "an important moment" for the Heathen movement, being "comprehensive and expansive, touching thoughtfully on numerous important aspects of the faith". Calico also noted that McNallen "clearly has his legacy in view throughout this book, apparent in the self-referential tone that occasionally surfaces."
Retirement: 2016–present
In 2016 McNallen stood down as head of the AFA, and was replaced by Matt Flavel, Allen Turnage, and Patricia Hall. He initially announced his desire to focus on new projects as a writer and religious leader. That year he angered many Universalist Heathens with a Facebook post responding to the sexual assault of white women by Arab men in Germany: "Germany — that is the German people, not sellout traitors like Merkel — deserve our full support... Where are the Freikorps when we need them?" The positive reference to the Freikorps, right-wing paramilitaries who carried out street violence and political assassinations between the World Wars, brought much criticism.
Several months after McNallen's resignation from the AFA leadership, the group posted a message online stating that: "The AFA would like to make it clear that we believe gender is not a social construct, it is a beautiful gift from the holy powers and from our ancestors. The AFA celebrates our feminine ladies, our masculine gentlemen, and, above all, our beautiful white children". The post brought accusations of racism; Heathens who had not commented on the AFA before denounced it. The AFA, in turn, called its critics "social justice warriors". In March 2017, McNallen spoke out on the issue in a YouTube video; here, he claimed allegiance to the white race and to white nationalist politics, also expressing allegiance to the 14 Words, a prominent slogan in white supremacist circles.
In 2018, the Southern Poverty Law Center added the Asatru Folk Assembly to its list of hate groups, describing it as a "Neo-völkisch hate group"
Personality and personal life
Calico described McNallen as having "a highly eclectic personality, fascinated by political, cultural, technological, and occult issues." He characterized him as "a genuinely charismatic man who commands a presence" and who was also "a man of both vision and perseverance". He also noted that when McNallen was writing about himself (using the third person), he betrayed "the sort of narcissistic self-involvement that might characterize the psychology of a charismatic religious leader, the founder of a religious movement."
Views on race and politics
In an online video, McNallen insisted that "race is real. It is not a social construct", and has pointed to writers like Nicholas Wade in defense of this point. McNallen also believes in an integral link connecting one's genetic or racial heritage to one's religion. He thus considers the ancient religion of the Aztecs to be inscribed on the subconscious of contemporary Mexicans, and the ancient religion of the Norse to be inscribed on the subconscious of those descended from ancient North Europeans. He regards Heathenry as belonging to all people descended from ancient northern Europeans and wants to make it as accessible as possible to this demographic, arguing that it is the religion best suited to fill the spiritual yearning of many white Americans. While typically linking Heathenry to peoples descended from ancient Northern Europeans, in some contexts, McNallen has referred to a broader, pan-European identity, stating that "European cultures are all unique — unique that is, as variants on the basic European pattern."
He has sought to provide a theoretical basis for this Folkish Heathen belief, calling it "metagenetics". This is the belief that religious and cultural practices become encoded in DNA and are passed down the generations in this manner. He also ties this idea in with concepts drawn from Jungian psychology, arguing that archetypes are distinct to specific racial groups and are passed down genetically. While initially presenting this idea using scientific language during the 1980s, Calico noted that McNallen's later discussions on the subject appeared more like "race mysticism".
His motivation in devising "metagenetics" was, in part, to make his religion more appealing to a broader range of Americans and to distance his movement from neo-Nazi and other explicitly white supremacist movements who wanted to incorporate it into their ideas of race war. He has expressed the view that his AFA exhibits the "middle ground on racial issues. On the one hand we were proud of our European heritage, and we actively espoused the interests of European-descended peoples. On the other hand we opposed totalitarianism and racial hatred, convinced that decency and honor required us to treat individuals of all racial groups with respect." According to a 1998 Southern Poverty Law Center article, although McNallen has attempted to evade the "Nazi-Odinist identification", he has "expressed sympathy with what he sees as the "legitimate frustrations of white men who are concerned for their kind".
For McNallen, white Americans are essentially Europeans because of their genetic ancestry. He has penned articles on what he fears is the coming extinction of the white race, arguing that in the United States, white people will be largely replaced by Hispanics, with the concomitant demographic shift resulting in a decreased political influence for the country's white population. He claims that a lack of clear ethnic identity has left European-Americans in a socially disadvantaged position, claiming that: "The results are clear for all to see, more of us are dying than are being born, our children look to other peoples and cultures for their models, our heritage and history are steadily displaced. This is the road to marginalization and extinction." According to Snook, McNallen's concerns reflect "white American resentment of a perceived loss of status and privilege in modern, multicultural society in particularly divisive political times." She added that a repeated element of his argument, the presentation of white people as victims, was common throughout white supremacist discourse.
McNallen does not consider himself to be a racist, arguing that "racism" entails expressing a belief in racial superiority, a viewpoint he does not hold. He insists that his support for racial separatism does not necessitate a "dislike, much less hatred" for other racial groups. However, in May 2015, the magazine Vice published an article in which it accused McNallen of being a racist who manipulated ancient Norse beliefs "for his own hateful devices". The "American Heathen collective" Circle Ansuz issued articles in which they described McNallen as "an active participant in the American neo-fascist radical traditionalist movement" and "an unapologetic advocate for white nationalism". Conversely, many in the extreme racialist wing of Heathenry have accused McNallen of being a race traitor because he has not unequivocally endorsed white supremacist and neo-Nazi perspectives; they have commented negatively on his "refusal to work for the survival of the Aryan race" and accused him of promoting "cowardly PC politics".
The religious studies scholar Jeffrey Kaplan stated that McNallen's politics "fit comfortably into the right wing of the political spectrum", although added that in the Heathen community McNallen "suddenly becomes very much the man of the centre – and is thus a legitimate target for both sides." The historian of religion Mattias Gardell characterized McNallen as a libertarian. McNallen rejects the descriptor "conservative", expressing the view that there is little in modern Western society worthy of conserving. McNallen envisions a future stateless American confederacy based on ecologically sustainable, decentralized tribal groups. He has also expressed support for all ethnic separatist movements across the world, including those of the Tibetan, Igbo, Karen, and Afrikaner people. This has attracted criticism from the racial extremist wing of the Heathen community, who have claimed that it detracts from the focus on the white or Aryan struggle against other racial groups. According to Katja Lane, co-founder of the extreme racialist Wotansvolk, McNallen is "promoting everything BUT the Aryan cause." However, in writings and YouTube videos, Stephen McNallen has spoken favorably of Wotanism and the Fourteen Words of David Lane, networking with Red Ice TV, a social media outlet of the alt-right.
Reception and legacy
Calico noted that McNallen represented the "torchbearer" for Folkish Heathenry in the United States. He added that McNallen's was the "one name associated with the birth, growth, and controversy of American Asatru" more than any other. Some U.S. Heathens regard him as the "father" of American Heathenry, although his place in the movement is disputed by many practitioners who reject his Folkish approach to the religion.
Calico thought that "McNallen deserves to be noted as one of many American religious dissenters who, because of strong personal conviction and vision, stood their ground in the face of hardship and opposition."
Bibliography
A bibliography of McNallen's works have been provided on the AFA's website:
References
Sources
Further reading
External links
McNallen's personal blog
1948 births
Alt-right writers
Living people
People from Breckenridge, Texas
Adherents of Germanic neopaganism
Ásatrú in the United States
United States Army officers
American modern pagans
American prison officers
American white nationalists
Founders of modern pagan movements
Modern pagan writers
Activists from California
Alt-right modern pagans | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen%20McNallen |
Joel Tudor is a surfer, primarily known for longboarding, and competitive grappler from San Diego, California.
Biography
Professional Surf career
Tudor became a professional surfer at 14 and won his first professional ASP competition at age 15, making him the youngest competitor to win an ASP event.
He rode a longboard, and in 1998 he won his first ASP Longboard World Championship in the Canary Islands. He won the U.S. Open of Longboarding 8 times, and won the ASP Longboard World Championship for the second time in 2004. In 2021 Tudor won his third world title at 45 years old.
Grappling
Joel Tudor is also a Brazilian jiu-jitsu Black Belt under Carlson Gracie Black Belt and World Champion, Rodrigo Medeiros / BJJ Revolution Team. He is also an ADCC veteran.
Other Projects
In 2010, he founded the international Longboard Competition called the Duct Tape Invitational.
Publications
During 1999 - 2004 Tudor collaborated with photographer Michael Halsband to create Surf Book, a homage to the architects of contemporary surf culture. Tudor's text accompanied Halsband's photographs. The book was designed by Doug Lloyd and edited by Scott Hulet. Additional text was written by C.R. Stecyk.
Documentaries
Joel Tudor is featured in the art film "Surf Movie: reels 1- 14" shot in 8mm by Michael Halsband, "Shelter" a 16mm film by Chris Malloy, "The Seedling", "Sprout", "The Present" 16mm surfing films by Thomas Campbell, the super 16mm film, "One California Day" by Jason Baffa and Mark Jeremias, and "Kingshighway - Rob Machado and Joel Tudor" by Paulo Carvalho (Kid Rio) and Danny Camp.
Family
Tudor has two children; Tosh and Juda Tudor.
References
External links
Surfhistory bio - listing him as one of just 24 surfing Legends - and with brief video interview
Surfline bio
American surfers
Living people
1976 births | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joel%20Tudor |
Hicksbeachia is a genus of two species of trees in the family Proteaceae. They are native to rainforests of northern New South Wales and southeastern Queensland. They are commonly known as red bopple nut or beef nut due to the bright red colour of their fruits.
Taxonomy
Ferdinand von Mueller named the genus in 1883 in honour of Michael Hicks Beach who had been Secretary of State for the Colonies. Mueller named several genera, including Buckinghamia, Cardwellia, Carnarvonia and Hollandaea, after Colonial Secretaries of the time. He described the type species Hicksbeachia pinnatifolia at the time. The genus was considered monotypic until Peter Weston split the north Queensland population as a separate species H. pilosa in 1988.
Molecular and morphological analysis shows this genus is most closely related to the genus Bleasdalea, ancestors of the two genera having diverged around 15 million years ago in the Miocene. Furthermore, the common ancestor of these genera is thought to have arisen in South America around 35 million years ago in the Oligocene, leaving other branches diversifying into Gevuina and Euplassa.
Pollen which bears a strong resemblance to the living Gevuina and Hicksbeachia has been recovered from mid Cretaceous through to Eocene deposits from the northern Antarctic Peninsula, and from late Cretaceous deposits in the Otway Basin in Western Victoria. Leaf cuticles comparable to Hicksbeachia have been recovered from the Miocene Manuherikia Group of Central Otago in New Zealand's South Island.
Species
Hicksbeachia pilosa
Hicksbeachia pinnatifolia
Neither of the two species is common. H. pinnatifolia is the one more commonly grown, due to its edible nuts.
Description
Both species are small single-trunked trees reaching a maximum height of . Their leaves are pinnate in shape and arranged alternately along the branches. The flowers are arranged in drooping inflorescences, and emit strong odours around nightfall, which have been likened to honey, sour milk, cat's urine, or mice.
Distribution and habitat
Both species are found in rainforest in eastern Australia. H. pinnatifolia is found in north-eastern New South Wales and southeastern Queensland, and H. pilosa is found in the Wet Tropics rainforests of north-eastern Queensland.
References
Macadamieae
Proteaceae genera
Proteales of Australia
Trees of Australia
Flora of Queensland
Flora of New South Wales | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hicksbeachia |
Venezuelan literature can be traced to pre-Hispanic times with the myths and oral literature that formed the cosmogonic view of the world that indigenous people had. Some of these stories are still known in Venezuela. Like many Latin American countries, the Spanish conquerors have had the greatest effect on both the culture and the literature. The Spanish colonizers' first written documents are considered to be the origin of Venezuela's written literature. This has included chronicles, letters, acts, etc.
History
Venezuela's first major writer was Andrés Bello. Venezuelan literature developed in the 19th century with the formation of Venezuela as a nation state and the political conflicts of the time between conservatives and liberals. Notable works include Venezuela Heroica (1881), by Eduardo Blanco, on the Venezuelan War of Independence.
In the 20th century, with the modernization and urbanization of Venezuela thanks to the economic boom provided by petroleum, some of its finest writers were: Teresa de la Parra, Rómulo Gallegos, Arturo Uslar Pietri, Salvador Garmendia. Gallegos' Doña Bárbara (1929) was described in 1974 as "possibly the most widely known Latin American novel". The National Prize for Literature, awarded annually, was established in 1948, with Uslar Pietri the only writer to win twice in the first five decades.
Rafael Cadenas and Eugenio Montejo are among the best known poets of the 20th century and the beginning of the 21st century.
At the start of the 21st century, Venezuelan fiction boomed with major new works by Federico Vegas, Francisco Suniaga, Ana Teresa Torres and Slavko Zupcic. According to critic and journalist Boris Muñoz, Venezuelan fiction has "opened up to find a bigger audience, through noir novels, historical novels, without renouncing its own Venezuelan idiosyncrasies". With the Venezuelan refugee crisis in the 2010s, migration has become a predominant topic in Venezuelan literature. Many Venezuelan writers live and publish outside the country, notably in Spain, the United States and other parts of Latin America.
See also
List of Venezuelan writers
Latin American literature
Culture of Venezuela
Rómulo Gallegos Prize
References
External links
País Portátil: Contemporary Venezuelan Literature and Arts
Latin American literature by country
South American literature
Spanish-language literature | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Venezuelan%20literature |
My Life is the second album released by singer-songwriter Iris DeMent. Released in 1994 on Warner Bros., it peaked at number 16 on the Billboard Heatseekers chart.
The album was dedicated to her father, Patric Shaw DeMent, who died in 1992.
Critical reception
Spin ranked My Life as the 3rd best album of 1994. Writing in Spin, Eric Weisbard described the album as "...unbreakable gentleness as a modern epiphany about rural values."
The album was nominated for the Grammy Award for Best Contemporary Folk Album at the 37th Annual Grammy Awards.
Track listing
All songs by Iris DeMent except as indicated.
Side one
"Sweet Is the Melody" – 3:41
"You've Done Nothing Wrong" – 4:22
"Calling for You" – 3:18
"Childhood Memories" – 4:38
"No Time to Cry" – 6:49
Side two
"Troublesome Waters" (Maybelle Carter, Ezra J. Carter, Dixie Deen) – 5:15
"Mom and Dad's Waltz" (Lefty Frizzell) – 2:37
"Easy's Gettin' Harder Every Day" – 5:01
"The Shores of Jordan" – 3:18
"My Life" – 3:30
Personnel
Iris DeMent – vocals, acoustic guitar, harmony vocal, piano on "My Life"
Richard Bennett – acoustic guitar, electric guitar
John Catchings – cello
"Cowboy" Jack Clement – acoustic guitar
Charles Cochran – piano, keyboards
Stuart Duncan – fiddle, mandolin
Mark Howard – acoustic guitar
Roy Huskey, Jr. – upright bass
Kenny Malone – percussion
Pat McInerney – drums
Phil Parlapiano – accordion on "You've Done Nothing Wrong"
Al Perkins – dobro
Pete Wasner – keyboards, piano
Joy White – harmony vocal on "Childhood Memories"
Linda Williams – harmony vocal on "The Shores of Jordan"
Robin Williams – harmony vocal on "The Shores of Jordan"
References
1994 albums
Iris DeMent albums
Warner Records albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/My%20Life%20%28Iris%20DeMent%20album%29 |
The Naderi Throne () is a gemmed and enameled throne made during the Qajar era, now kept in the national treasury of the Central Bank of Iran. The throne has no relation to Nader Shah: the name derives from the word nader meaning "rare" or "unique" in the Persian language.
History
The throne was made by the order of Fat'h Ali Shah Qajar (1772–1834) and is seen in many paintings of his era. Unlike the platform-like Sun Throne, the Naderi Throne has the appearance of a chair.
The throne was kept in Golestan Palace but it was later transferred to the National Treasury of the Central Bank of Iran. It was last used in the coronation ceremony of Shah Mohammad Reza Pahlavi in 1967.
Design
The throne can be taken apart into 12 separate sections. It was intended to be portable, to be carried along when the Shah traveled to his summer residences. It is made of wood, covered with gold and encrusted with jewels. Among the 26,733 jewels covering the throne, there are four very large spinels on the backrest, the largest of them weighing 65 ct. There are also four very large emeralds on the backrest, the largest of them weighing approximately 225 ct. The largest ruby on the throne is 35 ct.
The height of the throne is approximately 225 cm. It has inscribed verses attributed to Fat'h Ali Shah. Diaries written by travelers who visited Fat'h Ali Shah's court at the time also mention a throne similar to this one, though the throne may have been refurbished by Naser al-Din Shah Qajar.
The designs which can be seen on the throne include a peacock tail on the backrest, ducks, dragons, leaves and tree branches. A lion rests on the front panel of the footstool.
See also
Imperial Crown Jewels of Persia
Koh-i-noor diamond
Darya-ye Noor Diamond
References
External links
The Imperial Jewels of Iran
Nadir Shah throne, history
Nadir Shah throne
The Peacock Throne
The Naderi Throne, later throne modeled after the Peacock Throne
The Naderi Throne
KN Diamond With the UK
Qajar Iran
Individual thrones
Tourist attractions in Tehran
Iranian National Jewels | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naderi%20Throne |
Charles Richard Allen (September 7, 1939 – December 14, 2016) was an American professional football linebacker who played in the American Football League (AFL) with the San Diego Chargers, and later the National Football League (NFL) with the Pittsburgh Steelers and Philadelphia Eagles. He played in four AFL Championship games (1961, 1963–1965), and was a member of the Chargers' 1963 AFL Championship team. Allen was an All-AFL player in 1962, and an AFL All-Star in 1963 and 1964. He played college football at Washington.
After football
Allen went on to serve as the Vice President of Football Operations for the Seattle Seahawks for 20 years. The high school football stadium of Cle Elum Roslyn High School in Allen's hometown of Cle Elum, Washington is named in his honor: "Chuck Allen Field."
He died on December 14, 2016 at home.
See also
List of American Football League players
References
1939 births
2016 deaths
American football linebackers
Pittsburgh Steelers players
Philadelphia Eagles players
San Diego Chargers players
Seattle Seahawks executives
Washington Huskies football coaches
Washington Huskies football players
American Football League All-Star players
American Football League All-League players
People from Cle Elum, Washington
Players of American football from Washington (state)
American Football League players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chuck%20Allen |
The is a minivan produced by Japanese automaker Nissan from 1998 to 2009. The Presage was only officially sold by Nissan in Japan, Hong Kong and Singapore.
The name "Presage" is French for "omen".
First generation (U30; 1998)
The first generation Presage was launched by Nissan in June 1998 as a competitor to the Honda Odyssey and Toyota Estima. It was available with either seven or nine seats. The biggest share of components was taken from the Nissan R'nessa, although it also has elements in common with its platform sharing twin, the Nissan Bassara. The Presage was exclusive to Nissan Bluebird Store Japanese dealerships, and a larger companion to the Nissan Prairie.
Engines include a 3.0-litre V6 VQ, and a 2.5-litre four-cylinder YD turbo-diesel engine. The YD turbo-diesel and 2.4-litre KA24DE were discontinued in August 2001 and replaced by a 2.5-litre four-cylinder QR gasoline engine.
All rear seats can be folded, although only those in the second row can be removed. After the restyling in 2001, the Presage got a new trim level called Highway Star.
The 2WD models feature the new Electronic Braking Force Distribution (EBD) system that uses electronic control to optimally distribute braking force to the front and rear wheels according to changes in the payload (number of passengers) being carried. This system works in tandem with the Braking Assist system (a brake booster with a two-stage mechanical assist mechanism plus ABS) to achieve synergies between effective utilization of front and rear braking force (EBD) and reduced pedal pressure (Braking Assist). As a result, more powerful braking performance is obtained with less pedal pressure in emergency braking situations even when carrying a large payload. The 4WD models also provide the nearly same high level of braking performance by adopting a load sensing valve (LSV) as a mechanical braking force distribution system in a set with the Braking Assist system.
Second generation (U31; 2003)
The second generation Presage debuted in June 2003 with a transformable seven- or eight-seat configuration. Rear side doors were changed from swinging to sliding. The new Presage is built on the L-class platform, which is also used for the Teana mid-size car, and the North American Nissan Murano.
Engines are also taken from the Teana, a 2.5-litre four-cylinder and a 3.5-litre V6 gasoline engine. These engines are mated with a four-speed automatic transmission or a sequential CVT.
The main advantage of the second generation of this Japanese car is its comfortable and transformable interior. For easier reversing, there is a rear-view camera. As before, a sporty trim level dubbed Highway Star was available. Production ended in 2009 due to poor sales worldwide.
References
External links
Nissan PRESAGE
Catalog WEB PRESAGE Archives (U30-period)
Catalog WEB PRESAGE Archives (U30-late)
CM PRESAGE information
Presage
Front-wheel-drive vehicles
All-wheel-drive vehicles
Minivans
Vehicles with CVT transmission
1990s cars
2000s cars | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nissan%20Presage |
Lynnette Marie O'Nan (née Cole; born February 9, 1978) is an American television personality, actress, and beauty pageant titleholder who won the title Miss Tennessee USA in 2000. She went on to become the first woman from that state to win the Miss USA pageant, which was held in Branson, Missouri on February 4, 2000.
Cole hails from Columbia, Tennessee and was twenty-one years old when she won the national crown.
Family background
Cole is of Puerto Rican heritage. At ten months old, she was living in foster care with her older brother when they were adopted by Gail and Larry Cole, who had to move interstate to circumvent a law prohibiting adoption of children from a different race. Her adoptive parents had previously been foster parents to a succession of over 100 children.
Pageants
Cole's first major pageant win came in 1995 when she won the title Miss Tennessee Teen USA. She was a top six finalist at the Miss Teen USA pageant in that year, and won the Miss Photogenic award, finishing fourth overall. Cole would later win the 1997 Miss Teen All American title.
After winning Miss Tennessee USA Cole competed for and won the title of Miss USA 2000, becoming the second Hispanic woman to win Miss USA after Laura Harring in 1985. Cole went on to compete at the Miss Universe pageant, held in Nicosia, Cyprus later that year. Her performance was enough to secure her a spot among the five finalists, and brought the U.S. back into the semifinals (after Kimberly Pressler had failed to advance the year before, breaking a streak of consecutive placements that had been going since 1977). She also placed fifth overall. She became the first woman to place in the top five at all three pageants and her record was not surpassed until 2006 by Tara Conner. This was the first time in the Miss Universe pageant history that two women of Puerto Rican heritage (Cole and Puerto Rico's Zoribel Fonalledas) participated at the same time representing different countries.
As Miss USA, Cole was a representative of the Miss Universe Organization. Her "sister" 2000 titleholders were Lara Dutta (Miss Universe, of India) and Jillian Parry (Miss Teen USA, of Pennsylvania).
After the Crown
Since winning Miss USA, Cole has become a television host for NBC, CMT, ESPN, MTV, VH-1 and made many appearances on As the World Turns. Along with her hosting career, she has appeared in numerous print advertising campaigns and commercials.
Cole also directs a local preliminary for Miss Tennessee USA.
References
1978 births
American people of Puerto Rican descent
Living people
Miss Tennessee USA winners
Miss Universe 2000 contestants
Miss USA 2000 delegates
Miss USA winners
People from Columbia, Tennessee
American adoptees
1995 beauty pageant contestants
20th-century Miss Teen USA delegates
20th-century American people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lynnette%20Cole |
Ryan Jahnke (born March 21, 1978) is an American former competitive figure skater. He is the 2004 Skate America silver medalist and 2003 U.S. national bronze medalist.
Personal life
Jahnke was born on March 21, 1978, in Detroit, Michigan. He studied pre-medicine on a four-year academic scholarship at Wayne State University before quitting due to his move to Colorado. He majored in finance and minored in information systems at the University of Colorado, graduating in December 2009. He is fluent in German.
Jahnke married Tashiana Foreman on June 1, 2002. Their son, Zayin Nicholas Jahnke, was born in November 2011.
Career
Jahnke began skating in 1985 because his friends played ice hockey. He won the novice men's title at the 1993 U.S. Championships. Around 1995, he broke two teeth in a skating collision with Dan Hollander while training in St. Clair Shores, Michigan. He was awarded bronze medals competing on the junior level at the 1995 and 1996 U.S. Championships and placed 19th at the 1997 World Junior Championships in Seoul, South Korea.
After training in Michigan under Diana Ronayne, he relocated in 1999 to Colorado Springs, Colorado, where his coach had received a job offer. He placed fifth at the 2000 U.S. Championships. As a result, he was sent to his first senior ISU Championship, the 2000 Four Continents in Osaka, Japan, where he finished 12th.
Jahnke won the bronze medal at the 2003 U.S. Championships and placed 6th at the 2003 Four Continents in Beijing, China. He finished 13th at the 2003 Worlds in Washington, D.C., after ranking third in qualifying group B, 9th in the short program, and 18th in the free skate.
The following season, Jahnke placed fourth at the 2004 U.S. Championships and received a pewter medal. At the 2004 Four Continents in Hamilton, Ontario, Canada, he had the same final placement after ranking fifth in both segments.
Jahnke competed at multiple Grand Prix competitions. At the 2004 Skate America, he placed fourth in the short and first in the free skate, obtaining the silver medal behind Brian Joubert and ahead of Michael Weiss.
Jahnke retired from competitive skating after the 2006 U.S. Championships. He made his professional debut at the 2006 Brian Boitano Skating Spectacular and has also worked as a coach. In 2010, he launched his new website, Myskatingmall.com.
Programs
Competitive highlights
1999–2000 to 2005–2006
1991–1992 to 2004–2005
References
External links
Myskatingmall.com
1978 births
Living people
American male single skaters
Figure skaters from Detroit | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ryan%20Jahnke |
Georg Baur (1859–1898) was a German vertebrate paleontologist and Neo-Lamarckian who studied reptiles of the Galapagos Islands, particularly the Galápagos tortoises, in the 1890s. He is perhaps best known for his subsidence theory of the origin of the Galapagos Islands, where he postulated the islands were the remains of a former landmass, connected to South America via Cocos Island.
Early life and education
Baur was born in Weisswasser, Bohemia in 1859. He spent his early years Hohenheim near Stuttgart. As his father was a professor of forestry, Baur initially planned to study forestry where his father was a professor. However, while at university he became interested in the fields of geology, paleontology, and botany instead.
Career
Prior to his work on the Galapagos Islands, Baur was an assistant to Othniel Charles Marsh at Yale University from 1884 until 1890. Baur undertook an expedition to the Galápagos Islands in 1891, leaving New York on May 1, arriving in the Galápagos on June 9, and departing the islands on August 26 for Guayaquil, Panama, and the return to New York. Baur named several subspecies of Galápagos tortoise, including Chelonoidis nigra guentheri (Baur, 1889), and Chelonoidis nigra galapagoensis (Baur, 1889). Not all of Baur's tortoise taxa are still considered valid.
He also studied turtles of the southern United States, naming several species new to science. The following species and subspecies of reptiles were named in his honor by other herpetologists: Kinosternon baurii, Phyllodactylus baurii (one of the leaf-toed geckos of the Galápagos Islands), and ''Terrapene carolina bauri.
He held the position of Docent (lecturer) in osteology and paleontology, Clark University, from 1890 to 1892, and after that, professor and chairman of the osteology and vertebrate paleontology department at the University of Chicago until his death in 1898 at age 39.
References
External links
Lefalophodon
1859 births
1898 deaths
People from Bělá pod Bezdězem
German Bohemian people
German paleontologists
American paleontologists
Science teachers
Lamarckism
Clark University faculty
University of Chicago faculty
Emigrants from the Austrian Empire
German emigrants to the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Georg%20Baur |
Lobo is a fictional Western comic-book hero who is the medium's first African-American character to headline his own series.
Publication history
Lobo starred in Dell Comics' little-known, two-issue series Lobo (Dec. 1965 & Sept. 1966), also listed as Dell Comics #12-439-512 and #12-439-610 in the company's quirky numbering system. Created by Dell editor and writer Don "D. J." Arneson and artist Tony Tallarico, it chronicled the Old West adventures of a wealthy, unnamed African-American gunslinger called "Lobo" by the first issue's antagonists. On the foreheads of vanquished criminals, Lobo would leave the calling card of a gold coin imprinted with the images of a wolf and the letter "L".
Tallarico in a 2006 interview said that he and Arneson co-created the character based on an idea and a plot by Tallarico, with Arneson scripting it:
Arneson, in a 2010 interview, disputed this version of Lobo's creation:
Later appearances
Lobo was revived in 2017 in InDELLible Comics’ All-New Popular Comics #1.
In 2018, a Lobo novella was published in a collection entitled, Fantastic 4N1, written by author, David Noe.
Awards
In May 2006, Tallarico was bestowed the East Coast Black Age of Comics Convention's Pioneer Award for Lifetime Achievement, in recognition of his work on the first comic book to star an African-American. He was an honoree at the reception dinner at the African American Museum in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.
Black comic book stars
Aside from characters featured in the single-issue, small-press niche publication All-Negro Comics in 1947, the first mainstream comic book feature with a black star, albeit not African-American, was "Waku, Prince of the Bantu", an African tribal chief feature from Marvel Comics' 1950s predecessor Atlas Comics. This was one of four regular features in each issue of the omnibus title Jungle Tales (Sept. 1954 – Sept. 1955). Marvel introduced the first black superhero, the Black Panther, also an African, as a supporting character in a 1966 issue of Fantastic Four. Comic books' first known African-American superhero, Marvel's the Falcon, debuted in Captain America #117 (Sept. 1969). There would be no Black star of his or her own comic until 1972, with Marvel's Luke Cage, Hero for Hire, followed in 1973 by Marvel's Black Panther in Jungle Action.
See also
African characters in comics
List of African-American firsts
References
Comics characters introduced in 1965
Dell Comics characters
1965 comics debuts
African-Americans in comic strips
Fictional cowboys and cowgirls
Fictional marksmen and snipers
Male characters in comics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lobo%20%28Dell%20Comics%29 |
The Keraterm camp was a concentration camp established by Republika Srpska military and police authorities near the town of Prijedor in northern Bosnia and Herzegovina during the Bosnian War. The camp was used to collect and confine between 1,000 and 1,500 Bosniak and Bosnian Croat civilians.
The camp
The Keraterm camp was located on the site of a ceramics factory, just outside the city of Prijedor. According to reports, prisoners were kept in four halls, formerly used as storehouses at the ceramics factory. The Keraterm camp's prisoner population was all male. Most of the men at the camp were reported to be between the ages of 15 and 60. However, in mid-July 1992, approximately 12 to 15 Bosniak women were brought to Keraterm, raped, and transported to the Omarska camp. About 85% of all prisoners were Bosniaks while about 15% were Bosnian Croats.
According to the indictment, the detainees were, among other things, subjected to physical violence, constant humiliation, degradation, inhumane conditions, and fear of death. Severe beatings were commonplace. All manner of weapons were used during these beatings, including wooden batons, metal rods, baseball bats, lengths of thick industrial cable that had metal balls affixed to the end, rifle butts, and knives. Killings, beatings, sexual assaults, and other cruel and humiliating actions were committed.
War crime trials
The Republika Srpska officials responsible for running the camp have since been convicted for genocide, crimes against humanity and war crimes. Duško Knežević was found guilty of the criminal offence of Crimes against Humanity and sentenced him to a long-term imprisonment of 31 years. Željko Mejakić was found guilty for the criminal offense of Crimes against Humanity and sentenced him to the long-term imprisonment of 21 years. Duško Sikirica, commander of the Keraterm camp, pleaded guilty to crimes against humanity and was sentenced to a jail term of fifteen years. Dušan Fuštar was found guilty for having participated, by acting and failing to act, in a joint criminal enterprise and sentenced him to 9 years imprisonment for "having failed to exercise his authority and prevent the crimes." Predrag Banović who pleaded guilty to 25 charges and was sentenced to 8 years in prison. Damir Došen was sentenced to 5 years imprisonment. Dragan Kolundžija was sentenced to 3 years imprisonment.
See also
Batković concentration camp
Dretelj camp
Čelebići prison camp
Gabela camp
Heliodrom camp
Liplje camp
Manjača camp
Omarska camp
Trnopolje camp
Uzamnica camp
Vilina Vlas
Vojno camp
References
External links
Keraterm case
Concentration camps in Bosnia
Radovan Karadzic $5 million Reward - The U.S. Government is offering $5 million reward for information leading to the arrest of Radovan Karadzic
Ratko Mladic $5 million Reward - The U.S. Government is offering $5 million reward for information leading to the arrest of Ratko Mladic
1992 establishments in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Bosnian genocide
1994 disestablishments in Bosnia and Herzegovina
Serbian concentration camps in the Yugoslav Wars
Serbian war crimes in the Bosnian War
Bosnian War internment camps | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Keraterm%20camp |
Alesia may refer to:
Places
France
Alesia (city), an ancient city in Gaul
Alésia (Paris Métro), a station in the Paris Métro
Rue d'Alésia, Paris
Le quartier Alésia, an unofficial district of Paris that mostly overlaps Petit-Montrouge
United States
Alesia (Broussard, Louisiana), listed on the NRHP
Alesia, Maryland, an unincorporated community
People
Alesia Fieldberg, Canadian television journalist and beauty pageant winner
Alesia Furs (1925–2017), member of the Belarusian independence movement
Alésia Glidewell, American web series director, producer and voice actress
Alesia Graf (born 1980), German boxer
Alesia Holliday, American author
Alesia Raut, Indian-Russian model, VJ, and fashion choreographer
Alesia Stepaniuk (born 1985), Russian Paralympic judoka
Alesia Turava (born 1979), Belarusian middle-distance runner
Alesia Zaitsava (born 1985), Belarusian badminton player
Other uses
Battle of Alesia
, a French ocean liner in service 1882–1899
"Alesia", a song by Swiss folk metal band Eluveitie on their 2012 album Helvetios
"Alésia", a 2011 album by French synth-pop band Housse de Racket
"Alesia", an electronic music group signed to Owsla and Ultra Records
Caesar (game), a board game originally published under the name Alesia
See also
Alesya (disambiguation)
Alessia
Olesya (given name) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alesia |
John Michael Alt (born May 30, 1962) is a former professional American football offensive tackle in the National Football League (NFL). He played his entire NFL career with the Kansas City Chiefs from 1984 to 1996. He was drafted in the first round of the 1984 NFL Draft with the 21st overall pick. A graduate of Columbia Heights (MN) High School, he played his college years at the University of Iowa.
After retiring from the NFL, Alt began assistant coaching at Cretin-Derham Hall High School in Saint Paul, Minnesota, working with the offensive line. He then went to Totino-Grace High School to coach the offensive line when his son Joe started playing there.
Alt's son, Mark, was selected 53rd overall in the 2010 NHL Entry Draft by the Carolina Hurricanes, and currently plays hockey for the Colorado Avalanche. Alt’s other son, Joe, is an All-American offensive tackle for Notre Dame.
References
External links
KC Hall of Fame - John Alt
1962 births
Living people
American Conference Pro Bowl players
American football offensive tackles
German players of American football
Iowa Hawkeyes football players
Kansas City Chiefs players
Sportspeople from Stuttgart | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Alt |
Murray Barracks () was a barracks for the British Army garrisoned in Admiralty, Central in Hong Kong. It was named after Sir George Murray, the Master-General of the Ordnance at the time of construction.
Location
It was situated between present Garden Road and Cotton Tree Drive. The Barracks was located at present Asia Pacific Centre and the Officer's Quarters, also known as Officer's Mess, was located at present Bank of China Tower, close to Queen's Road, (present-day Queensway). Across Garden Road was Murray Parade Ground () and Queen's Road North Barracks, which was later known as Wellington Barracks.
Further west of the parade ground, behind Battery Path, stood the Murray Battery.
Officer's Quarter
The quarter was known as Officer's Mess in the early days of Hong Kong. It was later renamed Murray House. Before the construction of Bank of China Tower, Murray House was dismantled brick-by-brick in the mid-1980s and later rebuilt in Stanley.
See also
Osborne Barracks
Murray Road
Murray Building
British Forces Overseas Hong Kong
References
External links
Central and Western Heritage Trail – Old Site of Murray Parade Ground
Military of Hong Kong under British rule
Admiralty, Hong Kong
Central, Hong Kong
Barracks in Hong Kong
Former buildings and structures in Hong Kong
Parade grounds | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murray%20Barracks |
"Masks" is the seventeenth episode of the seventh season of the American science fiction television series Star Trek: The Next Generation, the 169th episode overall.
Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the Starfleet crew of the Federation starship Enterprise-D. In this episode, an alien archive, like an alien Library of Alexandria, initially appearing as a rogue comet because of accumulated matter, transforms the Enterprise as well as adapting Lieutenant Commander Data for a re-enactment of its culture's mythology, including the creation of two masks which are stylistically "a kind of cross between Venetian and Mayan."
Plot
A classroom of children on the Enterprise-D and Data are making clay sculptures under the supervision of Deanna Troi when a mysterious-looking rogue comet is discovered that is determined to have been en route from a distant star system for eighty-seven million years (since the mid-Cretaceous). The crew initiates a sensor scan of it, triggering a flash of light onboard and a distortion within the comet's inner core. Sensors are reconfigured for a low intensity sweep which will last thirty-nine hours. Eighteen hours later, Data creates a clay mask with a compass symbol identical to that seen on an artifact found in Troi's quarters and on Eric Burton's computer terminal, raising suspicions. It is discovered that the comet has been using the Enterprise scans as a carrier wave to send information back to the ship; this has caused icons (alien-looking ideographic symbols like Mayan glyphs) which Data is somehow able to read to appear on the ship's computer and the creation of artifacts throughout the ship by the replicator systems. The crew use a phaser beam to remove the outer shell of the comet nucleus and find that an "incredible, huge, Mayan-esque, geometric piece of technology" was at the inner core of the former comet nucleus. Data believes that the object is an informational archive and is confined to his quarters when he starts to exhibit what is described as the equivalent of multiple personalities, initially assuming the personality of the mischievous Ihat, but soon manifesting others, such as a sacrificial victim, a frightened boy, and a tired elderly man, each of which has an identifying ceremonial neckplate. Though initially the Enterprise continues to scan the Archive, hoping to determine how to reverse or stop the changes, bit by bit, the ship is being transformed, so the crew decide to attempt to destroy the Archive, only to be impeded by the changes. The Archive activates a tractor beam, overriding ship control systems. While Geordi searches for the Archive's transformation program, Captain Picard determines that they need to understand the meanings of the artifacts, and talks to the various personalities that Data exhibits to learn more.
Through Ihat, Picard learns that a queen called Masaka is waking, and that the only one that can talk to her is one called Korgano, a masculine figure. Ihat states that Masaka will only appear once Masaka's temple (the Queen's temple) has been built. The elder, another of the personalities exhibited by Data who is believed to be Masaka's father, provides Picard with the full version of the temple symbol, an icon that is used to create that temple. Inside the temple, they find the Masaka sun image paired with a horn symbol, which Picard guesses may be Korgano's moon symbol. Data puts on the mask he had created from clay with Masaka's sun symbol on it and escapes from his quarters, arriving at Masaka's temple, where he, now manifesting Masaka, sits down upon the throne. Masaka refuses to communicate with the merely mortal Picard. Desperate, Picard has Geordi input Korgano's moon symbol into the Archive's transformation program, which produces a silver mask with Korgano's moon symbol on its forehead. Picard decides to wear the Korgano mask in order to pose as Korgano and confront the Masaka personality. In the character of Korgano, Picard convinces Masaka to sleep so that she and Korgano can continue their "hunt" another day. With the Masaka personality asleep, all the changes aboard the Enterprise are reverted, and Data finds himself back to normal. Geordi manages to disable the archive's transformation program. Picard comments that Data has, briefly, contained personalities encompassing the inhabitants of an entire civilization, and as such he has had an experience that "transcends the human condition."
Reception
The episode has been described as "incomprehensible, impenetrable, and incoherent." Empire magazine declared "Masks" its choice as worst episode of the entire Star Trek: The Next Generation series. Technically, it was chosen as second-worst, but Empire decided that "Shades of Gray"—its initial choice for worst episode—didn't count, because "Shades of Gray" was a flashback 'clip' episode.
The 2008 book Computers Of Star Trek suggested that what was in the comet and began converting the spacecraft, was a kind of trojan-horse software program left by the D'Arsay aliens. The Religions Of Star Trek notes that the masks are the core drama of this episode, relating to a theme of things being hidden and then revealed.
In 2014, Ars Technica described it as one of the bad episodes of the seventh season, but praised it for "let[ting] Brent Spiner play around and have some fun."
In 2019, Screen Rant ranked "Masks" the tenth worst episode of Star Trek: The Next Generation based on IMDB ratings; they reported that it was 6.1 out of 10 at that time.
Video releases
This was released in Japan on LaserDisc on October 9, 1998 as part of the half-season collection Log.14: Seventh Season Part.2. This set included episodes from "Lower Decks" to Part II of "All Good Things", with English and Japanese audio tracks.
Notes
While the comet is being described as a "rogue comet" (which means not bound to any one star system) the on-screen graphic shows it being in an elliptical orbit. However, it is not clear if there was an established scientific use for this term, prior to its use on Star Trek. The first rogue planet was not discovered until 2012.
Comparison has been drawn between the hunt of Masaka and Korgano and the depiction of the birth of Athena at the Parthenon. Athena was born at dawn, and to symbolize this, the horses of Helios are depicted as vigorous and full of energy, ready to pull the Sun across the sky, whereas the horses of Selene, who have been pulling the Moon across the sky all night, seem fatigued and labored.
Data's (Brent Spiner's) eyes are not the traditional yellow, they are in fact, blue.
On the "Inside of You with Michael Rosenbaum" podcast, Spiner described how, after being given no time at all to prepare for playing 5 different roles, resulted in "some of the most preposterous acting you've ever seen in your life... the other actors were laughing in my face"
See also
Comets in fiction
The Sun in culture
Human sacrifice
References
External links
Star Trek: The Next Generation (season 7) episodes
1994 American television episodes
Constructed scripts in fiction
Television episodes about dissociative identity disorder
Television episodes about human sacrifice
Television episodes about malware | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Masks%20%28Star%20Trek%3A%20The%20Next%20Generation%29 |
is a compilation of the Phantasy Star video games. When released for the Sega Saturn in Japan in 1998, it featured the first four games in the series, whereas the Game Boy Advance version, released four years later in North America and five in Europe, features the first three. The North American and European versions were produced by Digital Eclipse. The Saturn version was later ported to the PlayStation 2 (as Sega Ages 2500 Series Vol. 32: Phantasy Star Complete Collection) in Japan with more games added.
The compilation features ports of the original Phantasy Star games. They are virtually identical to their original versions, as opposed to enhanced remakes. Gameplay has not been altered in each of the collections, but additional options in the Saturn and PlayStation 2 versions can alter the pace and difficulty of the games significantly.
Gameplay
Each game features overworld maps and separate dungeon areas, both with random encounters. Players control parties of characters, battling enemies and earning experience points to grow stronger. Certain characters can use different magic spells and techniques during and outside of battle. Phantasy Star's dungeons differ from the rest because they are in first-person, while the rest of the games use a top-down style.
Plot
Although each game in the collections feature different characters and stories, they take place in the Algol planetary system, specifically on the planets Palma, Motavia, and Dezolis. In the four games, there exists a Dark Force, a common antagonist that threatens the solar system. The games also make small references to each other, such as the idolation of Alis in Phantasy Star IV.
Development
Its first incarnation was released in 1998 on the Sega Saturn, as part of Sega's Sega Ages series of classics that included Space Harrier, Out Run, After Burner, and Fantasy Zone. Although the first three games listed emerged in the West as a single compilation, Phantasy Star Collection was developed after publisher support for the Saturn had virtually disappeared, and remains a Japan only title. It includes what are considered the main entries in the series, with select enhancements such as the option of playing the games in katakana or hiragana in the first entry of the series (they originally were katakana only), an optional walking speed increase in Phantasy Star II and Phantasy Star III, and four save slots for Phantasy Star III (enabling players to have a slot for each of the four possible third generation protagonists). Due to the native resolution of the Mark III, the original Phantasy Star is played in a frame. The game also has bonus content in the form of exclusive arranged music, art galleries, and video clips of the Japanese commercials for the original games.
The Game Boy Advance version, produced by Digital Eclipse, emerged in 2002. Unlike the Sega Saturn release, Phantasy Star IV: The End of the Millennium is not included. The video games themselves were also altered in order to function adequately on the Game Boy Advance's resolution. The GBA version has a reduced number of save slots available for Phantasy Star and Phantasy Star II, and does not include any extras.
The PlayStation 2 version, part of Sega's PS2 line of Sega Ages titles, is significantly different from the Sega Saturn version. Renamed Phantasy Star Complete Collection, this version includes the Phantasy Star II Text Adventures series, released exclusively to the Sega Meganet network, with the first of the eight games (the one following the adventures of Rolf) available to be played without unlocking. It also includes the two Game Gear titles of the series, Phantasy Star Gaiden and Phantasy Star Adventure. Unlike the GBA version, it includes all four titles of the original series. While, unlike the Sega Ages titles Phantasy Star Generation 1 and Phantasy Star Generation 2, the games are mainly untouched, several options that are not available in the Sega Saturn version are included. These options can drastically alter the games, both visually (with graphical options ranging from changing resolution, interlacing, smoothness and scanlines) and in gameplay. The changes in gameplay can alter the speed of the characters (much like the option available for Phantasy Star II and Phantasy Star III in the Saturn version, but available to all games) and also the difficulty, by changing how much money and experience the player gets from fights, which can drastically reduce the time necessary to complete the games. There are also options to change the type of machine and localization of the games, making it possible to play them in their Japanese version as well as their English localized counterparts. This compilation was released on PlayStation Network for the PlayStation 3 in 2012.
Reception
The Game Boy Advance version received "generally favorable reviews" according to the review aggregation website Metacritic. Critics noted that although said handheld version was outdated, it still held up with its innovations to the genre. They praised its uniqueness upon their original release as well as the fact that all three games come on one cartridge. Tim Tracy of GameSpot noted that "Longtime fans of the series will definitely be pleased with the results, and it's worth mentioning that all three of these games originally retailed for about $70 each." It was a runner-up for GameSpots annual "Best Role-Playing Game on Game Boy Advance" award, which went to Tactics Ogre: The Knight of Lodis.
Tracy criticized the omission of Phantasy Star IV, calling it possibly the best out of them, or "better than III". Adam Tierney of IGN complained that Digital Eclipse did not do anything for the ports, mentioning the "tinny" music, "grammatical errors", and "huge crash bugs".
Notes
References
External links
1998 video games
Infogrames games
Fiction set around Algol
Game Boy Advance games
Phantasy Star video games
Role-playing video games
Sega video game compilations
THQ games
Sega Saturn games
PlayStation 2 games
PlayStation Network games
Video games developed in Japan
Video games developed in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Phantasy%20Star%20Collection |
"Sublime" is the second song released by Australian musical duo Shakaya from their self-titled debut album (2002). It reached number 19 on the Australian Singles Chart.
Track listings
Original single
"Sublime"
"Sublime" (House mix)
"Sublime" (Sam Gee Clubb mix)
"Sublime" (Smoooth mix)
"Stop Calling Me" (Grooove mix)
"Sublime" / "Stop Calling Me"
"Sublime"
"Stop Calling Me"
"Stop Calling Me" (House mix, Mobin Master & Dj Hess)
"Stop Calling Me" (Nurban mix, New Breed)
"Stop Calling Me" (Gomez mix)
Charts
References
2002 singles
Columbia Records singles
Shakaya songs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sublime%20%28song%29 |
Shawnae Nicole Jebbia (born September 13, 1971) is an American entertainer and beauty pageant titleholder who won Miss USA 1998.
Jebbia won the Miss Massachusetts USA title in 1997, in her first attempt at a pageant title. She went on to represent Massachusetts in the Miss USA 1998 pageant, becoming that state's first Miss USA winner. While Jebbia had little prior experience, her first runner-up Shauna Gambill had previously held the Miss Teen USA 1994 title. Jebbia's "sister" titleholder, Miss Massachusetts Teen USA 1998 Susie Castillo, went on to hold the Miss Massachusetts USA title and became Massachusetts' second Miss USA titleholder in 2003.
Jebbia then competed at the Miss Universe 1998 pageant later that year. High scores in evening gown and in the swimsuit competition advanced her to the final 5 but after the interview round she did not make the final 3 finalists. The winner was Wendy Fitzwilliam of Trinidad and Tobago, with whom Jebbia lived and made appearances during her reign.
Jebbia grew up in Sonoma County, California, and lived in Sebastopol for six years. She received a degree in communications from Jacksonville University and graduated cum laude on an athletic scholarship. She has appeared on television and film, including being a "Barker Beauty" on The Price Is Right from 2002 until 2003 and a stint on the ESPN2 exercise program Co-ed Training prior to winning Miss USA. After experiencing hearing loss caused by Ménière's disease, Jebbia moved out of the entertainment industry and is currently studying towards a master's degree in nursing. She has acted as the spokesperson for the Siemens Pure 700 hearing aid.
References
External links
1971 births
American television actresses
Jacksonville University alumni
Living people
Miss Universe 1998 contestants
Miss USA 1998 delegates
Miss USA winners
People from Mansfield, Massachusetts
People with Ménière's disease
21st-century American women | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shawnae%20Jebbia |
Alma is a former village in the parish of Alma, Albert County, New Brunswick, Canada. It held village status prior to 2023, when it became part of the new village of Fundy Albert. Alma is centered on the small delta of the Upper Salmon River and Cleveland Brook, where they empty into Salisbury Bay.
The headquarters of Fundy National Park is in Alma West, making tourism a major part of the local economy. Fishing, of lobster and scallops, is another primary economic activity.
History
The settlement, known as Salmon River Settlement, began in earnest as the lumbering trade took root with the exchange of land-grant title, and construction of a sawmill on the Upper Salmon River by its new owners. Prior to this, Loyalist John Coffin, who held the land grant, caused frustration for would-be settlers because of his absence. Thus began the most vibrant period in the community's history.
The Parish of Alma was created surrounding the community in 1856, commemorating the then-recent Battle of Alma during the Crimean war. The Village municipality incorporated in 1966 following sweeping changes that disbanded county councils. 18 years earlier, the federal government had expropriated land in the village and parish west of the Upper Salmon River for the creation of Fundy National Park. Many homes were relocated east of the river as lumber barons gave way to the new land managers, the Parks Canada Agency. In addition to tourism related to the park, lobster and scallop fishing are an important industry based out of Alma's tidal harbour.
On 1 January 2023, Alma amalgamated with the villages of Hillsborough and Riverside-Albert and parts of five local service districts to form the new village of Fundy Albert. The community's name remains in official use.
Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Alma had a population of living in of its total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021. Revised census figures based on the 2023 local governance reforms have not been released.
Notable people
Alma was the birthplace of Molly Kool, who in 1939 became Master Mariner for offshore sailing, a captain, a first in the Western World, sailing a commercial Bay of Fundy scow sloop between ports. A monument on the Alma waterfront marks her accomplishment.
Images
Climate
Alma has a relatively cool, wet and snowy humid continental climate with significant seasonal differences in spite of its near-ocean location. Summers are warm but relatively short, whereas winters are relatively cold but milder than inland areas.
References
External links
Village of Alma
Communities in Albert County, New Brunswick
Former villages in New Brunswick
Populated places disestablished in New Brunswick in 2023 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alma%2C%20New%20Brunswick |
Rochville University was an online diploma mill offering a "Life Experience Degree, and Certificate Program" without coursework or prior transcript evaluation. The State of Texas classified it as an "illegal supplier of educational credentials" whose degrees may not be used in Texas. The Oregon Office of Degree Authorization lists it as "fake". Its operation is believed to be centered in Pakistan, and its diplomas and degree certificates have been mailed from Dubai, United Arab Emirates. Along with many similar enterprises, it is owned by the Karachi based company, Axact, whose main business, according to a New York Times investigation, is "to take the centuries-old scam of selling fake academic degrees and turn it into an Internet-era scheme on a global scale".
The Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board indicated in 2006 that Rochville, Belford University, and the agencies from which they claimed accreditation appeared to be operated by the same individuals. In 2012, a U.S. District Court ordered Belford University, Rochville University's sister operation, shut down and its founder pay $22.7 million in damages.
Accreditation status
Rochville University has claimed to be accredited by various organizations, but none are recognized higher education accreditors. These have included the International Accreditation Agency for Online Universities (IAAOU), the Universal Council for Online Education Accreditation (UCOEA), the Board of Online Universities Accreditation (BOUA), and the World Online Education Accrediting Commission (WOEAC). The Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board reported that Rochville University and the accreditation boards appeared to be operated by the same individuals. According to its website, the BOUA has accredited only one other institution, Ashwood University, which is believed to be Rochville University's sister operation.
Because Rochville University is not accredited by any recognized accreditation bodies in the United States, its degrees and credits are unlikely to be acceptable to employers or academic institutions. Jurisdictions that have restricted or made illegal the use of credentials from unaccredited schools include Oregon, Michigan, Maine, North Dakota, New Jersey, Washington, Nevada,Illinois, Nevada statute NRS 394.700</ref> Indiana, and Texas. Many other states are also considering restrictions on the use of degrees from unaccredited institutions.
Criticism and controversy
Claims have been made that Rochville University is a fraudulent diploma mill.
According to GetEducated.com, an online learning consumer group, Rochville University operates under various aliases, including affordabledegrees.com.
In 2009, GetEducated.com purchased an online MBA for its mascot, a dog named Chester Ludlow. The news release indicates that $499 and a resume were submitted to Rochville in May and a week later the degree with a packet of corresponding paperwork arrived from Dubai showing that the dog graduated with a 3.19 G.P.A. In addition to the MBA diploma and transcripts, Chester received a "certificate of distinction in finance and a certificate of membership in the student council".
In 2005, investigators for CNN purchased a master's degree in chemistry from Rochville in the name of Abu Salsabil Hassan Omar, presumably an identity of their own creation. Attempts to find a physical presence for Rochville failed. Its website was operated from Sarasota, Florida. The diploma received by the network was mailed from the United Arab Emirates.
There have also been concerns that some people may have used degrees obtained from Rochville and other online universities for fraudulent purposes. On 22 February 2007 Yorkshire police announced plans to re-investigate 700 court cases after the conviction of Gene Morrison, "a fraudster who conned the courts for three decades by posing as a forensic expert." Morrison was convicted of 22 counts involving his claimed education, including four counts of obtaining money by deception, seven counts of attempting to obtain property by deception, eight counts of perverting the course of justice or intending to pervert the course of justice, and three counts of perjury. The court ruled that his BSc degree in forensic science, a master's degree with excellence in forensic investigation and a doctorate in criminology from Rochville University in the United States were gained "not from years of study and learning, but from accessing a website, www.affordabledegrees.com, and paying a fee."
In 2011, firefighters who had purchased degrees from diploma mills to get raises were having their raises revoked. Rochville University was listed as one of the institutions that had provided degrees. In Guam, a Rochville online degree was determined to be inadequate to meet the educational requirements for the position of chief of police.
Connection with Belford University
The Texas Higher Education Coordinating Board indicated in 2006 that Rochville, Belford University, and the agencies from which they claimed accreditation appeared to be operated by the same people. In August 2012, a U.S. District Court ordered Belford University, Rochville University's sister operation, shut down and its founder, Salem Kureshi, pay $22.7 million in damages. Court documents revealed that Belford University was run by 30-year-old Salem Kureshi from his apartment in Karachi, Pakistan. The court found that Kureshi "operates a sophisticated internet ripoff scheme through various websites, which falsely represent the existence of an accredited and legitimate high school, whose diplomas will be widely accepted by employers, professional associations, other schools, colleges and universities."
See also
Accreditation mill
List of unrecognized higher education accreditation organizations
References
External links
Rochville University - official site
Unaccredited institutions of higher learning in the United States
Axact | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rochville%20University |
"Eye of the Beholder" is the 170th episode of the American science fiction television series Star Trek: The Next Generation, the 18th episode of the seventh season. It contains the first depiction in any Star Trek TV series or films of the inside of a starship's warp nacelle, and the only one until 2002's Star Trek: Enterprise episode "The Catwalk".
Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the Starfleet crew of the Federation starship Enterprise-D. In this episode, Troi investigates a crewman's suicide and discovers that a murder was committed on the ship while it was being built, and that the murderer is still aboard.
Plot
Lieutenant Daniel Kwan kills himself by jumping into the plasma discharge in one of the warp nacelle tubes aboard the Enterprise, after commenting "they were laughing at me" and "I know what I have to do". Captain Picard assigns Worf and Deanna Troi to investigate the death. Kwan's personal logs and quarters reveal no traces of depression; in fact, he appeared to be happy to spend the next few days with his girlfriend, Ensign Calloway, and only had a slight but normal dislike for his superior Lieutenant Nara.
They talk to Nara at the nacelle but find that she had nothing against Kwan. Troi stands at the platform overlooking the plasma discharge and is suddenly awash with emotions, disorienting her. Dr. Crusher determines that her empathic senses were overloaded and suggests rest. Troi and Worf discuss that she may have been affected by an empathic "echo" left by Kwan, who also had weak empathic abilities. They return to the nacelle, where Troi experiences a series of visions: that of a woman backing away in fright from a red-haired man; equipment from Utopia Planitia, the starbase where the Enterprise was constructed; and later the same woman kissing another man in a closet. Worf breaks her out of these visions, and they determine that they were from events eight years ago during the Enterprises construction. Troi is able to recognize the red-haired man as Lieutenant Walter Pierce, who is currently serving aboard the ship; Pierce had been Kwan's superior at Utopia Planitia as well. They speak to Pierce, but he claims to have no knowledge. After they leave him, Troi admits to Worf that she could not read Pierce, and believes him to also be partially empathic. As they prepare to retire for the night, Troi and Worf fall into a deep kiss, and spend the night together.
The next day, Dr. Crusher provides Troi with a neural inhibitor to block Troi's empathic sense to allow her to safely visit the nacelle. Worf is indifferent to Troi and instead provides her with Calloway to help. Troi, with Data and La Forge, examine the plasma conduit that Kwan was working before his death, and Troi is overcome with the same visions despite the inhibitor. She asserts there is something hidden in the conduit; La Forge discovers a human skeleton, what's left of a woman's body, embedded in the ship, identified as Ensign Marla Finn, the woman from Troi's visions. Troi finds that Finn disappeared at Utopia Planitia before Kwan's arrival, and comes to suspect Pierce of killing her, believing the visions being from his point of view. She convinces Worf to arrest Pierce, but finds Worf taking more of an interest in Calloway. Troi returns to her quarters and is surprised when Pierce arrives; fearing for her life, Troi tries to contact Worf but discovers he is in Calloway's quarters. She races there, and is shocked to find them embraced, and they turn to laugh at her. In a fit, she picks up a phaser and kills Worf. Shocked by her action, she stumbles out of Calloway's quarters, to find Pierce there; he tells her "you know what to do". Troi agrees and races to the nacelle tube and prepares to jump into the plasma like Kwan did before, but she is stopped by a very-much alive Worf.
Troi is broken out of her vision, and learns that it has only been a few seconds since she first arrived at the nacelle. Reviewing records show that Pierce, Finn, and the other man from her vision were all killed at Utopia Planitia from a plasma discharge, likely as a result of Pierce seeing another woman after being romantically involved with Finn. She suspects Pierce was empathic, as she and Kwan had experienced the psychic residue from his death that still remains in the plasma conduit. With the case solved, Worf asks Troi about being surprised to see him after stopping her from jumping. She replies that she had seen him killed in her hallucination. When Worf inquires about who killed him, Troi coyly replies "Hell hath no fury like a woman scorned."
Video releases
This was released in Japan on LaserDisc on October 9, 1998 as part of the half-season collection Log.14: Seventh Season Part.2. This set included episodes from "Lower Decks" to Part II of "All Good Things", with English and Japanese audio tracks.
References
External links
Star Trek: The Next Generation (season 7) episodes
1994 American television episodes
Television episodes about suicide
Television episodes written by Brannon Braga
Television episodes directed by Cliff Bole | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye%20of%20the%20Beholder%20%28Star%20Trek%3A%20The%20Next%20Generation%29 |
John Martin (1947 – February 23, 2006) was a Canadian broadcaster, credited with "almost single-handedly" creating music television in Canada.
Early life and career
Born in Manchester, England, Martin left school at 16 and moved to London, where he worked as a rock drummer and freelance writer. At 20, he moved to Canada, finding work as a researcher for CBC Radio, then CBC Television. On the radio side, he was the first Canadian to break the story of the use of Agent Orange in the Vietnam War; on the television, he produced segments for series like Weekend and Peter Gzowski's 90 Minutes Live. (Filling in once on the current affairs series Viewpoint, he hired the Cambridge University Choir to sing the Canada Elections Act in harmony.)
The New Music and MuchMusic
After the cancellation of 90 Minutes Live, Martin found himself driving a taxicab and pitching a new concept to Canadian TV broadcasters: "rock and talk," bringing a sensibility like those of Rolling Stone and the New Musical Express to bear presenting and interpreting musical culture in a documentary television newsmagazine.
The idea didn't sell to Canadian television networks of the day – at the CBC, it was caught between the departments of variety and current affairs – but Moses Znaimer, the impresario of Toronto independent station CITY-TV, took on Martin's plan, and The NewMusic launched in 1979. It was a great success, becoming Canada's most popular syndicated television series.
Martin then began to plan an entire station devoted to music, and the result, MuchMusic launched in 1984 under Znaimer, Martin and CITY's corporate parent CHUM Limited. "We were a bunch of loonies," Martin later recalled. "My gig was to sort of mould the anarchy. It was a bunch of absolutely crazy people reinventing their lives every day. It was fun." Much went on to great success in its own right, inspired spin-off, joint venture and licensed sister networks and programs, within Canada and internationally, and underwrote the music video arts foundation VideoFACT.
After Much
After leaving Much and CHUM in 1993 – "His mercurial temperament and guerilla management style," CITY's news website would recall after his death, had started "to clash with others in the industry" – he worked on specials, directing The Genius of Lenny Breau (1999), which explores the short and tragic life of Canadian guitar legend Lenny Breau, and also directing Hank & Jimmie: A Story of Country (2000), a portrait of the troubled lives and relationship of Hank Snow and his only child, singer-turned-preacher Jimmie Rodgers Snow. Martin was also program director for the Canadian dance music specialty channel bpm:tv.
He died in 2006, of esophageal cancer.
References
External links
Music Man Mourned (Pulse 24, February 23, 2006)
MuchMusic Pioneer John Martin dies (CBC, February 24, 2006)
I'm With the Band (Ryerson Review of Journalism, Summer 1997)
MuchMusic (Museum of Broadcast Communications)
Hank & Jimmie: A Story of Country, distributor's catalogue page
Canadian documentary film directors
Canadian television directors
Canadian television executives
Canadian television journalists
English emigrants to Canada
Mass media people from Manchester
Journalists from Toronto
Deaths from esophageal cancer
1947 births
2006 deaths | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Martin%20%28Canadian%20broadcaster%29 |
The Kyiv Funicular () is a steep slope railroad on Kyiv Hills that serves the city of Kyiv, connecting the historic Uppertown, and the lower commercial neighborhood of Podil through the steep Volodymyrska Hill overseeing the Dnieper River. The line consists of only two stations and is operated by the Kyiv city community enterprise Kyivpastrans.
History
The funicular was constructed during 1902–1905, and was first opened to the public on . The construction cost, about 230,000 rubles, was covered by a Belgian owner of the Kyiv trams. The funicular was the project of Arthur Abrahamson, who received professional training on railroad engineering in Zürich, Switzerland and Saint Petersburg, Russia. The station vestibules were initially developed by N. Pyatnitskiy, and the railway structure was designed by N. Baryshnikov.
Due to its proximity to the St. Michael's Cathedral, it was once named the Mykhailivskyi Mekhanichnyi Pidyom (, literally St. Michael's Mechanical Lift). After the cathedral was destroyed by the Soviet authorities in 1935–1936, the name of the funicular was changed.
In 1984 the lower station changed its outlook. It was redeveloped by architects Janos Vig, Valentine Yezhov, and others.
Various facts
The funicular uses the two rail and passing-loop system. The two cars are designated with the Cyrillic letters Λ () and П () which stand for left and right cars. The funicular was renovated three times: in 1928, 1958, and 1984.
Track gauge: . Total track length: . The total gradient of the slope on which the funicular runs on is 36%. The cable cars are powered by an electric motor which is located inside the upper station and in tram type.
The travel time between the stations is approximately 3 minutes. The route is from the Mykhailivska Square in the Uptown to the Poshtova Square in the Podil. The ticket price is much like for the other city-owned public transportation methods, ₴8 (approx. US$0.3 as of July 2018). The funicular provides daily service to 10,000-15,000 passengers, and annually to 2.8 million passengers.
Originally funicular built as trams were unable to ride the grade. Later funicular fare was included in tram monthly tickets if tram is alone transport in it.
The funicular was closed on September 25, 2006, for restoration, which is usually conducted every year. The total cost of the restoration was expected to be ₴455,400 (about US$90,500). The funicular is operated by Kyivpastrans.
Gallery
See also
Odesa Funicular
List of funicular railways
References
External links
фунікулер in Wiki-Encyclopedia Kyiv
Photos of Kyiv Funicular
Funicular railways in Ukraine
Rail transport in Kyiv
Metre gauge railways in Ukraine
Railway lines opened in 1905
Tourist attractions in Kyiv
1905 establishments in the Russian Empire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kyiv%20Funicular |
"Music is Power" is a song by English singer-songwriter Richard Ashcroft, the second track on his third studio album, Keys to the World (2006). The song features a sample from Walter Jackson's "It's All Over", written by Curtis Mayfield. It was released as the second single from that album on 17 April 2006, peaking at 20 in the UK Singles Chart on 23 April.
Track listings
7-inch and CD (R6688; CDR6688)
"Music Is Power" – 4:01
"Long Way Down" – 5:42
DVD (DVDR6688)
"Music Is Power" – 3:55
"Break the Night with Colour" (live at London's Kings College) – 5:24
"Music Is Power" (live at London's Kings College) – 5:20
"Music Is Power" (video) – 3:55
"Music Is Power" (making of the video) – 2:00
References
2006 singles
2006 songs
Parlophone singles
Richard Ashcroft songs
Song recordings produced by Chris Potter (record producer) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Music%20Is%20Power |
Trifun Živanović (; born on April 17, 1975, in Santa Monica, California) is an American-born Serbian figure skater.
Career
Through 2001, Zivanovic competed for the United States, twice capturing medals at the U.S. Championships. In 2001, he decided to represent Yugoslavia. The country later became known as Serbia and Montenegro.
To qualify for the 2006 Olympics, Zivanovic needed to place in the top 24 at the 2005 World Championships, where he finished 30th, or in the top six at the 2005 Karl Schafer Memorial, where he was 9th. He finally qualified for the Olympics after several skaters withdrew.
In his final season, Zivanovic competed for Serbia.
Zivanovic has the distinction of having competed at the World Figure Skating Championships representing four countries: the United States, Yugoslavia, Serbia and Montenegro, and Serbia. He is also one of the few skaters to have competed at both the Four Continents Championships and the European Championships. He is the first male singles skater to have competed at every senior-level ISU Championships.
Zivanovic works as an ice skating instructor at Pickwick Ice Center in Burbank, California.
Personal life
In 2001, Zivanovic moved to Belgrade for a year to establish Yugoslav citizenship. His father is Serbian. His mother has muscular dystrophy.
Programs
Competitive highlights
For Yugoslavia, Serbia and Montenegro, Serbia
For the United States
References
External links
1975 births
American male single skaters
Serbian male single skaters
Olympic figure skaters for Serbia and Montenegro
Figure skaters at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Living people
Sportspeople from Santa Monica, California
American people of Serbian descent
Serbia and Montenegro sportsmen | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trifun%20%C5%BDivanovi%C4%87 |
Patrick Joseph McGovern Jr. (August 11, 1937 – March 19, 2014) was an American businessman, and chairman and founder of International Data Group (IDG), a company with subsidiaries in technology publishing, research, event management and venture capital.
In September, 2013, he was listed on the Forbes 400 list of the richest Americans, having a net worth of $5.1 billion.
Biography
Forbes magazine wrote that in the 1950s McGovern earned a college scholarship by designing an unbeatable tic-tac-toe program. During his sophomore year he worked at the MIT student newspaper The Tech on the features staff. McGovern received a degree in course 7, or biology/life sciences, from MIT, in 1959.,
After university, his first job was writing for the first computer magazine, Edmund C. Berkeley's Computers & Automation. In 1964, McGovern founded International Data Corporation (IDC), which produced a computer-industry database and published the newsletter EDP Industry & Market Report (based on "ADP Newsletter", published by The Diebold Group). After three years, the company was losing money and McGovern contemplated liquidating it, until in 1967 he hit on the idea of making the newsletter into a weekly newspaper, Computerworld. After failing to wrest control of "Computer and Automation" from his friend and mentor, Ed Berkeley, he subsequently started the magazine PC World.
In 1980 he created one of the first American-Chinese joint ventures, and in 1997 Forbes estimated that "Pat McGovern has more readers in China than the People's Daily does." In 1991 his company published "DOS For Dummies", the first of the very popular "For Dummies" series of books explaining various subjects to the lay person. Bloomberg News reported that IDG had 280 million regular readers of its publications, and annual revenues of $3.6 billion.
Personal life
Although born in Queens, New York, his family moved when he was a child to Philadelphia, where he delivered newspapers at the age of eight. He was divorced once. He was the father of two children and two stepchildren, and divided his time between Hillsborough, California and Hollis, New Hampshire. He and his second wife donated $350 million to MIT to found the McGovern Institute for Brain Research. He was a trustee of MIT and of MIT's Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research. He also served on Society for Science & the Public's board of trustees.
At the time of his death, surviving family members included his wife, Lore Harp McGovern, a son, Patrick McGovern, daughter Elizabeth McGovern, stepdaughters Michelle Harp Bethel and Dina Jackson, and nine grandchildren.
Death
In May 2012, Patrick McGovern had open heart surgery at the Cleveland Clinic. He died March 19, 2014, aged 76.
IDG legacy
After his death, the ownership of IDG was transferred to the McGovern Foundation; in 2016, the foundation retained Goldman Sachs to explore a sale. On March 29, China Oceanwide Holdings Group announced the close of the acquisition of International Data Group, Inc. ("IDG"). In June 2021, it was announced that the company had again been sold, to The Blackstone Group, for $1.3 billion.
References
Further reading
External links
Official Biography
MIT announcement of the McGovern Institute
McGovern Institute for Brain Research website
Pat McGovern Playlist Appearance on WMBR's Dinnertime Sampler radio show November 3, 2004
2014 deaths
1937 births
American computer businesspeople
American billionaires
Massachusetts Institute of Technology School of Science alumni
Businesspeople from the San Francisco Bay Area
Place of death missing
People from Hillsborough, California
People from Hollis, New Hampshire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Patrick%20Joseph%20McGovern |
The Job is a 2003 American crime drama film directed and written by Kenny Golde Starring Daryl Hannah, Brad Renfro and Dominique Swain.
Plot
A hit woman is contracted to perform one final job before she leaves her life of cold-blooded killing behind forever. She is now faced with the challenge of dealing with carrying out the contract she accepted and her own moral values.
Cast
Daryl Hannah as Carol Jean "C.J." March
Brad Renfro as Troy Riverside
Dominique Swain as Emily Robin
Eric Mabius as Rick
Alex Rocco as Vernon Cray
Shawn Woods as Roger Washington
Alanna Hanly as Young C.
Bruce Nozick as Hal
Joseph Whipp as The Man
Kiva Dawson as C.J.’s Mom
Michelangelo Kowalski as Parker
Release
The Job premiered at the Cannes Film Festival on May 16, 2003. However, it did not receive a theatrical release; instead, it was released straight-to-DVD on January 13, 2004, by Lionsgate Films.
Accolades
External links
2003 films
American crime thriller films
2000s crime thriller films
2000s English-language films
2000s American films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Job%20%282003%20film%29 |
"Preemptive Strike" is the 176th episode of the syndicated American science fiction television series Star Trek: The Next Generation. It is the 24th episode of the seventh season, and penultimate episode of the series overall, directed by cast member Patrick Stewart (Captain Jean-Luc Picard).
Set in the 24th century, the series follows the adventures of the crew of the Federation starship USS Enterprise-D. In this episode, the recurring character Ro Laren (Michelle Forbes), a court-martialed Starfleet officer who first appeared in the episode "Ensign Ro", finds her loyalties divided between Starfleet and a group of resistance fighters who oppose the Cardassian Union, as she and her fellow Bajorans once did.
In addition to wrapping the last season of Star Trek: The Next Generation''', it was meant to bolster Star Trek: Deep Space Nine and Star Trek: Voyager. It was a difficult time for the show's writers because some of them also had to work on the upcoming Star Trek film, Star Trek Generations.
Casting
Actress Michelle Forbes returned as Ro Laren for her sixth and final episode in this series; although there were plans to have the character on Star Trek: Deep Space Nine, Forbes turned down the offer, resulting in the creation of the character of Kira Nerys. She was later offered a lead on Star Trek: Voyager, but did not return to the franchise until 29 years later, in the 2023 episode "Imposters" of Star Trek: Picard.)
Plot
The Enterprise is en route to a briefing concerning a situation in Cardassian-Federation demilitarized zone. Meanwhile, newly promoted Lieutenant Ro Laren attends a welcome back party after graduating tactical training on Earth.
The Enterprise responds to a distress call from a Cardassian warship under Maquis attack and quickly forces the Maquis to withdraw. The Enterprise rendezvouses with Vice Admiral Nechayev's ship, and she informs Picard of a Starfleet plan to infiltrate the terrorist cell using Ro Laren.
Ro finds her way to a bar where she is contacted by members of a Maquis cell, and after verifying her cover story, they quickly accept her into their ranks. She forms a bond with Macias, whom Ro obviously sees as a father figure. The Maquis know of a Cardassian biogenic weapon project and plan a preemptive strike; however, Macias points out they are short of critical medical supplies. Ro offers to steal the needed supplies from the Enterprise, which she manages with some covert help from the crew.
After debriefing Ro on the Enterprise, Captain Picard plots to use a ruse to draw out the Maquis and then cripple them with a Federation fleet hidden in a nearby nebula. Although Ro is troubled by his plan, she returns to the planet and convinces the Maquis leadership to plan an attack on a Cardassian convoy supposedly carrying components for the biogenic weapon. Cardassian militia raid the compound in a surprise attack, killing Macias. As he dies, he tells Ro that other Maquis like her will step forward to carry on the fight in his place.
Shortly thereafter, a very unsettled Ro meets with Picard because she's having second thoughts. She states this Maquis cell isn't all that militant and may not even take the bait. Picard decides to send Commander William Riker with her to keep an eye on her and assure the mission proceeds as planned.
The day for the raid arrives, and as the Maquis fighters close in, Ro decides she can't go through with the mission. She exposes the Federation attack force, and the Maquis ships break off their attack. With great regret, Ro asks Riker to apologize to Picard on her behalf before beaming to a Maquis vessel. On the Enterprise, Riker tells Picard that Ro seemed very sure of her decision, her only regret was in letting Picard down. The episode ends on Picard's expressionless face as he contemplates Ro's betrayal.
Reception
In 2017, Business Insider listed "Preemptive Strike" as one of the most underrated episodes of the Star Trek franchise at that time.
Video releases
This was released in Japan on LaserDisc on October 9, 1998 as part of the half-season collection Log.14: Seventh Season Part.2''. This set included episodes from "Lower Decks" to Part II of "All Good Things", with English and Japanese audio tracks.
References
External links
Star Trek: The Next Generation (season 7) episodes
1994 American television episodes
Television episodes directed by Patrick Stewart | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Preemptive%20Strike%20%28Star%20Trek%3A%20The%20Next%20Generation%29 |
Walter William Anderson (July 13, 1936 – April 18, 2017) was an American football tight end in the National Football League for the Washington Redskins and the Green Bay Packers. He played high school football at Manatee High School in Bradenton, Florida and college football at the University of Tennessee. He was drafted in the third round of the 1958 NFL Draft.
Washington
Anderson played for the Redskins from 1958 to 1963. He was selected by the team as Rookie of the Year in 1958 and Player of the Year in 1959. Bill made 178 catches, averaging 17.1 yards per catch, and scored 14 touchdowns over six seasons. Anderson was a two-time Pro Bowl selection (1959 and 1960).
Comeback with Green Bay
Anderson retired from football in 1963 and joined the Tennessee staff as an assistant coach. However, he temporarily put his retirement plans on hold and signed with the Green Bay Packers in 1965. He played 24 games with Green Bay from 1965–1966 and averaged 11.9 yards per catch. The comeback was a good thing for him as the Packers won the 1965 and 1966 NFL Championships and he subsequently earned a Super Bowl ring when the Packers defeated the Kansas City Chiefs to win Super Bowl I on January 15, 1967.
Broadcasting
In 1968, Anderson returned to Tennessee as color analyst for football games on the Vol Network, partnered with play-by-play announcer John Ward. Ward and Anderson would remain together for 31 years, the longest-running broadcast partnership in college football at the time. Their final game was the 1998 national championship game, the first game of the Bowl Championship Series, won by Tennessee over Florida State University.
Family
Anderson is the second cousin of Giant Bomb staff member Brad Shoemaker.
Death
Anderson died on April 18, 2017, at a hospital in Knoxville, Tennessee, at the age of 80.
References
External links
1936 births
2017 deaths
American football ends
American football tight ends
Green Bay Packers players
Tennessee Volunteers football announcers
Tennessee Volunteers football players
Washington Redskins players
Eastern Conference Pro Bowl players
People from Hendersonville, North Carolina | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill%20Anderson%20%28American%20football%2C%20born%201936%29 |
Julia Stegner (born 2 November 1984 in Munich, Bavaria, West Germany) is a German model.
Early life
Stegner, the daughter of Günter Stegner, the Director Central and Eastern Europe for LSI Corporation, and Erika Stegner, an accountant, was raised in an animal-loving household with many dogs alongside her older sister Jeanette, who currently works in film production. For seven years she was a child model, appearing in commercials and children's catalogs, and for nine years was trained in dance.
In high school she discovered a passion for playing basketball, and eventually she joined a club team in Munich. Being 180 cm tall by that time, she was naturally fit for the sport; her classmates even called her "Beanpole" because of her towering height.
Shortly before her 15th birthday, while celebrating Oktoberfest in her hometown, she was discovered by Louisa von Minckwitz of Louisa Models. Tilla Lindig, a Munich and London based couture label first booked her. Although planning to study accounting when she left high school, Stegner moved to Paris to pursue modeling afterwards instead.
Career
In Paris, she made her first major cover appearance, for Elle magazine. She was eventually signed by Supreme Management and, within four months, she opened the fall 2003 Yves Saint Laurent show. In 2003, she did Strenesse and Sportmax campaigns, among others and appeared on the cover of Vogue (French, Italian, Nippon, and German editions).
By the summer 2004, she had done advertisement work for Celine, Yves Saint Laurent, Dolce & Gabbana, Ralph Lauren, and Dior. She also has been the Hugo Boss house model for several seasons. Stegner has appeared in a 2005 campaign for French fashion house Chloé and shows such as Anna Sui, Shiatzy Chen, Lanvin, Gucci, Versace and Valentino. She walked for Stella McCartney in autumn 2004. She also appeared in the 2005, 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, and 2011 Victoria's Secret Fashion Shows.
She also modeled for the 2005 Pirelli Calendar, where she appeared half-nude. Stegner has done print and runway work for the fur industry, wearing fur clothing for American Legend Minks and others.
She has been the face of Aquascutum, Guerlain KissKiss, Hugo Boss Eyewear and the Hugo Boss perfume, and Femme. In 2008, she became a face of Maybelline and Gianfranco Ferré. In 2009 she became the new face of Mercedes Benz advertising.
Personal life
She married the Australian photographer Benny Horne in 2014. They had been dating since 2009. In May 2014, shortly after their wedding, Stegner gave birth to their daughter.
References
External links
Julia Stegner's - official website
Julia's profile at Storm Models
Julia Stegner at Style.com
Julia at Askmen.com
Interview at models.com
Julia Stegner at New York Magazine
1984 births
Living people
German female models
Child models
Models from Munich | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julia%20Stegner |
The 2006 Stanley Cup playoffs for the National Hockey League (NHL) championship began on April 21, 2006, following the 2005–06 regular season. This was the first playoffs since 2004 due to the 2004–05 NHL lockout that cancelled the previously scheduled season. The 16 teams that qualified, seeded one through eight from each conference, played best-of-seven series with re-seeding after the Conference quarterfinals. The conference champions played a best-of-seven series for the Stanley Cup.
The Finals concluded on June 19 with the Carolina Hurricanes winning the Stanley Cup, defeating the Edmonton Oilers in the final series four games to three. Carolina goaltender Cam Ward was awarded the Conn Smythe Trophy as Most Valuable Player of the playoffs. The Edmonton Oilers would miss the playoffs each year thereafter until 2017. This was also the last time until 2023 that the Pittsburgh Penguins missed the playoffs. This was the first time in history that the Chicago Blackhawks and the St. Louis Blues missed the playoffs in the same season.
While the 2005–06 season introduced a shootout to break ties after five minutes of four-on-four overtime, the Stanley Cup playoffs retained their traditional format of unlimited 20-minute periods of five-on-five sudden-death overtime to break ties.
The Western Conference made history in the first round when all four series were won by the lower-seeded teams (conversely, all four series in the Eastern Conference were won by the higher-seeded teams). The eighth- and lowest-seeded Oilers proceeded to win the Western Conference and participate in the Stanley Cup Finals. Four Canadian teams qualified for the playoffs this year, this total was not equaled again until 2013 and not exceeded until 2015 with five.
Playoff seeds
Eastern Conference
Ottawa Senators, Northeast Division champions, Eastern Conference regular season champions – 113 points
Carolina Hurricanes, Southeast Division champions – 112 points
New Jersey Devils, Atlantic Division champions – 101 points (46 wins)
Buffalo Sabres – 110 points
Philadelphia Flyers – 101 points (45 wins)
New York Rangers – 100 points
Montreal Canadiens – 93 points
Tampa Bay Lightning – 92 points
Western Conference
Detroit Red Wings, Central Division champions, Western Conference regular season champions, Presidents' Trophy winners – 124 points
Dallas Stars, Pacific Division champions – 112 points
Calgary Flames, Northwest Division champions – 103 points
Nashville Predators – 106 points
San Jose Sharks – 99 points
Mighty Ducks of Anaheim – 98 points
Colorado Avalanche – 95 points (43 wins)
Edmonton Oilers – 95 points (41 wins)
Playoff bracket
Conference quarterfinals
Eastern Conference quarterfinals
(1) Ottawa Senators vs. (8) Tampa Bay Lightning
The Ottawa Senators entered the playoffs as the Eastern Conference regular season and Northeast Division champions with 113 points. Tampa Bay qualified as the eighth seed earning 92 points during the regular season. This was the first playoff meeting between these two teams. Ottawa won all four games during this year's regular season series.
The Senators defeated the Lightning in five games. The Senators used a two-man advantage in the third period of game one to gain the lead as they took the game by a score of 4–1. In game two the Lightning came back from a one-goal deficit by scoring two goals 55 seconds apart as they evened the series with a 4–3 victory. Six Ottawa skaters scored a goal in game three as the Senators won 8–4. Ottawa scored three times in the second-period of game four as they earned a 5–2 win. Martin Havlat scored the series-winning goal for the Senators at 15:02 of the second period as Ottawa closed out the series with a 3–2 victory.
(2) Carolina Hurricanes vs. (7) Montreal Canadiens
The Carolina Hurricanes entered the playoffs as the Southeast Division champions, earning the second seed in the Eastern Conference with 112 points. Montreal qualified as the seventh seed earning 93 points during the regular season. This was the seventh playoff meeting between these two teams with Montreal winning five of the six previous series. They last met in the 2002 Eastern Conference semifinals where Carolina won in six games. Carolina won all four games during this year's regular season series.
The Hurricanes eliminated the Canadiens in six games. After allowing a goal in the opening minute of game one the Canadiens scored six unanswered goals taking the opening game of the series 6–1. Carolina pulled goaltender Martin Gerber after allowing three goals in the first period of game two and he was replaced by 22-year-old rookie backup Cam Ward. The Hurricanes were able to tie the game with 90 seconds remaining in regulation before losing in double overtime as Michael Ryder scored at 2:32, giving Montreal a 6–5 win. In game three Eric Staal scored the game winner 3:38 into overtime as Carolina won 2–1. Rod Brind'Amour gave the Hurricanes the lead in game four and they hung on to win 3–2. Cam Ward made 30 saves and allowed just one goal against as the Hurricanes took game five 2–1. Hurricanes forward Cory Stillman ended the series at 1:19 of the first overtime as Carolina won game six 2–1.
(3) New Jersey Devils vs. (6) New York Rangers
The New Jersey Devils entered the playoffs as the Atlantic Division champions (winning the tie-breaker with Philadelphia in total wins), earning the third seed in the Eastern Conference with 101 points. New York qualified for the first time since 1997 as the sixth seed earning 100 points during the regular season. This was the fourth playoff meeting between these two teams with New York winning all three previous series. They last met in the 1997 Eastern Conference semifinals where New York won in five games. The teams split this year's eight game regular season series.
The Devils swept the Rangers in four games. The Devils scored five times on the power play in game one winning 6–1, Devils forward Patrik Elias scored six points in the victory (two goals and four assists). In game two John Madden scored a hat trick for the Devils as they earned a 4–1 victory. Martin Brodeur earned his 21st career playoff shutout with 25 saves as the Devils won game three 3–0. New Jersey took the lead in the second period of game four with two power play goals and they never looked back eliminating the Rangers by a final score of 4–2.
(4) Buffalo Sabres vs. (5) Philadelphia Flyers
The Buffalo Sabres entered the playoffs as the fourth seed in the Eastern Conference with 110 points. Philadelphia qualified as the fifth seed (losing the tie-breaker with New Jersey in total wins for the Atlantic Division title) earning 101 points during the regular season. This was the eighth playoff meeting between these two teams with Philadelphia winning five of the seven previous series. They last met in the 2001 Eastern Conference quarterfinals where Buffalo won in six games. Buffalo won three of the four games during this year's regular season series.
The Sabres defeated the Flyers in six games. Philadelphia goaltender Robert Esche made 55 saves in a 3–2 Flyers loss; Daniel Briere ended the game with a goal at 7:31 in double-overtime. Buffalo forwards Jean-Pierre Dumont and Jason Pominville each recorded hat-tricks in game two as the Sabres scored three power play goals rolling to an 8–2 victory. Peter Forsberg scored two second period goals in game three to break a 1–1 tie, the Flyers went on to win the game 4–2. In game four R. J. Umberger put the Flyers up for good with his goal at 9:51 in the third period as Philadelphia evened the series with a 5–4 victory. Sabres goaltender Ryan Miller made 24 saves to earn his first career playoff shutout in game five as Buffalo won 3–0. In game six the Sabres jumped to a 5–0 lead on a goal by Maxim Afinogenov as the Flyers pulled Robert Esche from the game, Buffalo went on to a resounding 7–1 series-clinching victory.
Western Conference quarterfinals
(1) Detroit Red Wings vs. (8) Edmonton Oilers
The Detroit Red Wings entered the playoffs as the Presidents' Trophy winners, the Western Conference regular season and Central Division champions, with 124 points. Edmonton qualified as the eighth seed earning 95 points (losing the tie-breaker with Colorado in total wins) during the regular season. This was the third playoff meeting between these two teams with Edmonton winning both previous series. They last met in the 1988 Clarence Campbell Conference Final where Edmonton won in five games. Detroit won this year's four game regular season series earning six of eight points during the season.
The eighth seeded Oilers upset the Red Wings in six games. Red Wings winger Kirk Maltby scored two goals in game one, including the winner in double overtime as Detroit won 3–2. The Oilers took the lead by scoring twice in 57 seconds in the second period of game two as they hung on to win 4–2. Jarret Stoll provided the game-winner in double overtime in game three giving the Oilers a 4–3 victory. The Red Wings scored three power-play goals in game four earning a 4–2 victory to tie the series. Oilers goaltender Dwayne Roloson made 30 saves as Edmonton hung on to win game five by a score of 3–2. The Oilers overcame a two-goal deficit after two periods of play in game six by scoring four times in third period, Ales Hemsky broke the tie with 1:06 remaining in regulation as Edmonton ended the series with a 4–3 win.
(2) Dallas Stars vs. (7) Colorado Avalanche
The Dallas Stars entered the playoffs as the Pacific Division champions, earning the second seed in the Western Conference with 112 points. Colorado qualified as the seventh seed earning 95 points (winning the tie-breaker with Edmonton in total wins) during the regular season. This was the fourth and 2nd most recent playoff meeting between these two teams, with Dallas winning two of three previous series. They last met in the 2004 Western Conference quarterfinals where Colorado won in five games.
The Avalanche upset the Stars in five games. After trailing by two early in the first period of game one the Avalanche scored five un-answered goals and won by a score of 5–2. Brett Clark tied the game with a short-handed goal at 17:56 of the third period and four and a half minutes into overtime Joe Sakic scored his NHL-record seventh career playoff overtime goal to end the game in a 5–4 Colorado victory. Avalanche forward Andrew Brunette scored with 57 seconds remaining in the third period to tie game three and Alex Tanguay tallied his second goal of the game at 1:09 of the first overtime to give the Avalanche a 4–3 win. Dallas staved off elimination in game four as Niklas Hagman scored two goals in a 4–1 victory. Colorado goaltender Jose Theodore made 50 saves in game five and Andrew Brunette scored the series-clinching goal nearly fourteen minutes into overtime to give the Avalanche a 3–2 win.
(3) Calgary Flames vs. (6) Mighty Ducks of Anaheim
The Calgary Flames entered the playoffs as the Northwest Division champions, earning the third seed in the Western Conference with 103 points. Anaheim qualified as the sixth seed earning 98 points during the regular season. This was the first playoff meeting between these two teams. The teams split this year's four game regular season series.
The Mighty Ducks eliminated the Flames in seven games. Flames goaltender Miikka Kiprusoff made 33 saves and Darren McCarty scored 9:45 into the first overtime as Calgary won game one 2–1. In game two Anaheim took a three-goal lead and hung on for a 4–3 victory. The Flames scored three power-play goals as they earned a 5–2 win in game three. Sean O'Donnell scored the overtime winner shortly after a power play expired in game four as Anaheim evened the series with a 3–2 victory. Flames captain Jarome Iginla scored twice as the Calgary held off a late charge by the Mighty Ducks taking a 3–2 victory in game five. In game six, Mighty Ducks captain Scott Niedermayer scored a power-play goal with just over five minutes remaining in regulation time as Anaheim forced a seventh game with their 2–1 win. Anaheim goaltender Ilya Bryzgalov made 22 saves as the Mighty Ducks ended the Flames season with a shutout winning game seven 3–0.
(4) Nashville Predators vs. (5) San Jose Sharks
The Nashville Predators entered the playoffs as the fourth seed in the Western Conference with 106 points. San Jose qualified as the fifth seed earning 99 points during the regular season. This was the first playoff meeting between these two teams. Nashville won this year's four game regular season series earning six of eight points during the season.
The Sharks eliminated the Predators in five games. All four of the Predators goals in game one came on the power play as Nashville took the opening game 4–3. In game two San Jose scored three first period power play goals and Vesa Toskala earned a shutout in the Sharks 3–0 victory. San Jose captain Patrick Marleau scored twice in game three as the Sharks won 4–1. Nashville attempted to make a comeback late in game four as the Sharks hung on to win 5–4, Patrick Marleau recorded a hat trick in the victory. San Jose continued to exploit the Predators penalty killing in game five as they scored twice on the power play and ended Nashville's season with a 2–1 victory.
Conference semifinals
Eastern Conference semifinals
(1) Ottawa Senators vs. (4) Buffalo Sabres
This was the third playoff meeting between these two teams with Buffalo winning both previous series. They last met in the 1999 Eastern Conference quarterfinals where Buffalo won in four games. Ottawa won five of the eight games during this year's regular season series.
The Sabres eliminated the Senators in five games. Sabres forward Tim Connolly tied game one with just 10.7 seconds left in regulation to tie the game at six and Chris Drury ended the game just 18 seconds into overtime as Buffalo won 7–6. Ryan Miller faced 44 shots and allowed just one goal against as the Sabres won game two 2–1. Overtime was required in game three after Jason Spezza tied the game late in the third period. Jean-Pierre Dumont ended the game with a goal at 5:05 of the first overtime as the Sabres took the game 3–2. In game four Wade Redden scored a power-play goal early in the third period as the Senators earned a 2–1 victory. Sabres rookie forward Jason Pominville became the first player in league history to score a short-handed overtime goal to end a series as he scored just 2:26 into the first overtime as Buffalo won game five 3–2.
(2) Carolina Hurricanes vs. (3) New Jersey Devils
This was the third playoff meeting between these two teams with the teams splitting the two previous series. They last met in the 2002 Eastern Conference quarterfinals where Carolina won in six games. Carolina won this year's four game regular season series earning five of eight points during the season.
The Hurricanes defeated New Jersey in five games. Carolina scored five power-play goals in game one as they won 6–0. Scott Gomez gave the Devils a 2–1 lead with just over twenty seconds to go in the third period of game two, however just 18 seconds later Eric Staal scored the game-tying goal with just three seconds left in regulation time to send the game into overtime. Niclas Wallin tallied the game-winner 3:09 into the first overtime. In game three Carolina's Rod Brind'Amour scored the game-winner with 1:01 to play in the second period. New Jersey jumped out to a 5–0 lead and won game four with a final score of 5–1. Cory Stillman scored the series-winning goal at 14:20 of the second period as the Hurricanes held on for a 4–1 victory in game five.
Western Conference semifinals
(5) San Jose Sharks vs. (8) Edmonton Oilers
This was the first playoff meeting between these two teams. Edmonton won three of the four games during this year's regular season series.
The Oilers came back from a two-game deficit to defeat the Sharks in six games. Patrick Marleau recorded a goal and an assist during game one in a 2–1 San Jose victory. The Sharks won game two 2–1 with Joe Thornton scoring the game-winner on the power play in the second period. Sharks goaltender Vesa Toskala made 55 saves in a losing effort in game three as the Oilers won in a triple-overtime on a goal scored by Shawn Horcoff at 2:24 to give Edmonton a 3–2 win. Edmonton came back from an early 3–1 deficit in game four and scored five unanswered goals to win 6–3 and to even the series at two games apiece. After San Jose tied game five early the third period the Oilers scored three unanswered goals as they took another 6–3 victory. Dwayne Roloson posted a 24 save shutout in game six as the Oilers took the game 2–0 with the game-winning goal from Michael Peca to win the series four games to two.
(6) Mighty Ducks of Anaheim vs. (7) Colorado Avalanche
This was the first playoff meeting between these two teams. Colorado won three of the four games during this year's regular season series.
Anaheim swept the Avalanche in four games. The Mighty Ducks scored four times in the second period of game one as Anaheim won 5–0, rookie Ilya Bryzgalov recorded his second-straight shutout. In game two Ilya Bryzgalov equalled a rookie record previously set by Frank McCool in 1945 as he recorded his third straight playoff shutout as the Mighty Ducks won 3–0. In game three Dan Hinote ended Ilya Bryzgalov's shutout streak at 249:15 (the second longest in league history) when he scored late in the first period for the Avalanche. Joffrey Lupul scored four goals including the overtime winner as the Mighty Ducks won 4–3. Joe Sakic scored the only goal for the Avalanche in game four as Anaheim finished off the series with a 4–1 victory to advance to their second Conference Final appearance in team history.
Conference finals
Eastern Conference Final
(2) Carolina Hurricanes vs. (4) Buffalo Sabres
This was the first playoff meeting between these two teams. Carolina most recently made it to the conference finals in 2002, defeating Toronto in six games, while the Sabres last made it to the conference finals in 1999, defeating Toronto in five games. Carolina won three of the four games in this year's four game regular season series.
The Hurricanes eliminated the Sabres in seven games. Sabres goaltender Ryan Miller made 29 saves in game one as Buffalo won 3–2. Ray Whitney scored twice in the second period of game two as the Hurricanes evened the series with a 4–3 victory. The Sabres scored four times in just over thirteen minutes in game three as they earned a 4–3 win. Martin Gerber made 22 saves in a shutout victory for the Hurricanes as they took game four by a score of 4–0. Cam Ward replaced Martin Gerber early in the second period of game five as the Hurricanes came back from a two-goal deficit and won the game 4–3 on a power-play goal scored by Cory Stillman at 8:46 of the first overtime period. Daniel Briere forced a seventh game in this series with his game-winning goal at 4:22 of the first overtime as Buffalo won game six 2–1. Hurricanes forward Rod Brind'Amour capitalised on a delay of game penalty to Brian Campbell at 11:22 of the third period in game seven as Carolina advanced to the Stanley Cup Finals with a 4–2 victory.
Western Conference Final
(6) Mighty Ducks of Anaheim vs. (8) Edmonton Oilers
This was the first playoff meeting between these two teams. Anaheim most recently made it to the conference finals in 2003, sweeping the Minnesota Wild in four games, while the Oilers last made it to the conference finals in 1992, losing to Chicago in four games. Edmonton won all four games during this year's regular season series.
The Oilers eliminated Anaheim in five games. Ales Hemsky's power-play goal at 11:35 of the second period gave the Oilers the lead as they took game one 3–1. Oilers goaltender Dwayne Roloson made 33 saves won again by a score of 3–1. Fernando Pisani scored the game-winning goal for the Oilers in game three as the two teams traded eight goals in the third period and Edmonton hung on for a 5–4 victory. Anaheim changed goaltenders before the start of game four as Jean-Sebastien Giguere got the start for the Mighty Ducks. Anaheim took a three-goal lead in the first period and never looked back winning the game 6–3. Dwayne Roloson made 32 saves as the Oilers ended the series with a 2–1 victory in game five. The Oilers became the first eighth-seeded team to reach the Finals under this playoff format (which was introduced in 1994). Anaheim changed their team nickname, uniforms and logo after the season as they became known as the Anaheim Ducks. This was the last time the Oilers made the conference finals until 2022.
Stanley Cup Finals
This was the first playoff meeting between these two teams. Carolina made their second Finals appearance, while Edmonton made their seventh appearance in the Finals. The Hurricanes were defeated in their last appearance in the Finals losing to Detroit in five games in 2002, the Oilers won their last appearance in the Finals defeating Boston in five games in 1990. The teams did not meet during the regular season. This series marked the first time that two former World Hockey Association teams played against each other for the Stanley Cup since they merged with the NHL in 1979. This was the first Stanley Cup Finals to be contested by two teams that had both missed the playoffs the previous season.
Player statistics
Skaters
GP = Games played; G = Goals; A = Assists; Pts = Points; +/– = Plus/minus; PIM = Penalty minutes
Goaltending
These are the top five goaltenders based on either goals against average or save percentage with at least four games played.
GP = Games played; W = Wins; L = Losses; SA = Shots against; GA = Goals against; GAA = Goals against average; TOI = Time On Ice (minutes:seconds); Sv% = Save percentage; SO = Shutouts
References
See also
2005–06 NHL season
List of NHL seasons
playoffs
Stanley Cup playoffs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006%20Stanley%20Cup%20playoffs |
Footloose is a 1998 musical based on the 1984 film of the same name. The music is by Tom Snow (among others), the lyrics by Dean Pitchford (with additional lyrics by Kenny Loggins), and the book by Pitchford and Walter Bobbie.
Plot
Act 1
("Footloose/On any Sunday") Ren McCormack, an ordinary city teenager, is in a dance club in Chicago, dancing off his stresses bored of his long and arduous eight-hour work day. But this is his last visit; he tells his friends that due to financial pressures brought on by his father's abandonment, he and his mother Ethel are moving to a small town in the middle of nowhere named Bomont (much to the chagrin of his friends, who gripe, "Bomont?! Where the hell is Bomont?!"), where his aunt and uncle have offered them a place to stay. Once there, Ren and Ethel attend church and get their first glimpse of the minister Shaw Moore, a conservative minister who is a big authority figure in the town. After a long sermon lambasting the evils of "rock and roll" music and its "endless chant of pornography", Moore's daughter Ariel runs off to a gas station to meet her "trailer trash" boyfriend Chuck Cranston, along with his buddies Travis and Lyle. Chuck and Ariel are only together for the sex ("The Girl Gets Around"). While they embrace, Moore shows up and catches Chuck with his hands around his daughter, much to his displeasure.
The next day, Ren shows up for school and Willard Hewitt, a slow-witted cowboy with a bad attitude and a strong loyalty to his mother, decides to beat him up but Ren goes along with it and doesn't mind. So, they become friends. Ren tells Willard about the dancing he used to do in Chicago ("I Can't Stand Still"). Willard tries to stop him from dancing in the middle of the school, but Ren ignores him and puts on a show in front of the school principal, who angrily explains that dancing is illegal in the town of Bomont. Willard defends Ren, saying that he is new in town and does not know the rules. After the principal leaves, Rusty, who is madly in love with Willard, tells him how brave he is to have stood up to the principal on Ren's behalf. Rusty and her friends, Wendy Jo and Urleen, then explain to a bemused Ren that dancing is illegal after Moore passed a law forbidding dancing after a horrifying car accident involving four kids returning from a dance. They then warn him to lie low unless he wants to get into even more trouble than he already is. ("Somebody's Eyes").
Ariel returns home to a disgruntled Shaw, who stubbornly ignores her despite her repeated attempts to engage conversation with him. Exasperated, she leaves the room in a huff, leaving Moore and Vi, his wife, alone to bicker over her. Shaw expresses his concern over Ariel's relationship with Chuck Cranston, but when Vi attempts to assure him their fling will soon cool down, he silences her and storms off to finish writing his sermon. Ethel, fed up with the groundless suspicion that Ren is forced to suffer as the "new kid", commiserates alongside Vi. They are joined by Ariel, and lament how no one ever listens to them, everyone being so set in their own ways that they are seldom allowed to get a word in edgewise ("Learning to be Silent").
After school that day, several of the students go to the Burger Blast, a burger restaurant. Ariel, Rusty and their friends are doing homework at a table while Willard talks to Ren, who is dressed up in a waiter's uniform and roller skates, as he has just been hired to work at the restaurant. When Ren takes Ariel's order, she flirts with him. Willard warns Ren that Chuck Cranston would not be happy if Ren were to become involved with Ariel. Ren then proceeds to question Willard about his relationship with Rusty, to which Willard proclaims that he thinks she is very good-looking, but is confused by her non-stop talking. Ariel is talking with her friends about how she wants to find a decent guy ("Holding Out for a Hero"). Chuck shows up in a fury and starts to yell at Ariel. Ren and Willard come to her defense, but it's Betty Blast, the restaurant owner, who breaks up the fight.
After Ren gets off work, Ariel takes him to her secret place beneath the train tracks where she discusses her hatred of Bomont. Unbeknownst to them, Chuck witnesses the pair together.
Afterwards, Ren walks her home, catching Moore and Vi by surprise, as they had believed that Ariel was at home in her room all the while. On top of Shaw's displeasure at his daughter's disobedience, a nervous Ren unintentionally insults him in an attempt to ease his worries, making the situation more awkward and causing all of Shaw's friends (who were over playing a game of bridge) to dash off. An irritated Shaw then sternly orders Ariel to cease her visits with him, but Ariel retaliates, claiming that he is doing no more than make her feel like a prisoner. After a fed up daughter and wife storm off in a rage, Shaw begins to feel a pang of guilt, pondering whether or not he is being fair with his daughter while considering the problematic task of being both a preacher and a father ("Heaven Help Me").
At school the next day, Ren shows up late to gym class with Ariel and Willard and explains to the teacher that he was jumped by Chuck, but the teacher won't listen. Ren laments that the citizens of Bomont are so "wound up", muttering that at least in Chicago, he had the clubs to turn to in times of stress. After a quip by Willard suggesting that they "should take the coach dancing", Ren realizes that throwing a dance would be the perfect way to alleviate the teenagers' pressures, while at the same time making a statement to Moore and the town council. Willard tells Ren that he is insane, but Ren won't listen and reveals his plan to all of the students, eventually winning them over. Word catches on to Moore, who, as the one responsible for banning it to begin with, is determined to do anything within his power to ensure that it does not happen ("I'm Free/Heaven Helps The Man").
Act 2
Ren, Ariel, Willard and Rusty are in a town neighboring Bomont, where there is a big dance hall, complete with a country band ("Still Rocking"). Rusty repeatedly attempts to dance with Willard, but he weasels his way out, dragging Ren off to the bar to get drinks. There, he explains to Ren that he doesn't know how to dance. Rusty overhears them, as do several cowboys, who begin to mock Willard. Rusty comes to his defense, saying that he might not be perfect, but she loves him anyway ("Let's Hear it for the Boy"). During Rusty's song, Ren tries to teach Willard to dance, who after much initial stumbling and apprehension whips off an amazing dance combination, much to Rusty's surprise.
Chuck Cranston then shows up at the Moores' home. When he tells them that Ariel is not where they think she is, Vi and Shaw becomes very worried. Chuck leaves, and shortly after Ariel then shows up pretending she was at her friend's house studying, but her parents reveal that they know she wasn't there. After an argument between Shaw and Ariel, Vi intervenes. Vi then tries to console him while telling him that his reprimanding is not all that logical ("Can You Find it in Your Heart?").
Meanwhile, Ren, Willard and their friends are trying to find a way to present their idea to the town council. Ren goes over his speech ("Dancing Is Not A Crime") but his friends aren't too sure about it. Ren is extremely discouraged and considers forgetting the whole idea. Willard gives Ren some advice that his beloved mother told him and explains that he can't give up ("Mama Says - You can't back down/Mama Says - You can't back down - Reprise"). Just as Ren's confidence has built up, Ariel shows up with a black eye and tells Ren that Chuck beat her up. Ariel tells everyone to leave her alone, but Ren comforts Ariel instead. The two go out to the train station Ariel took Ren to in Act 1. Ariel reveals that her brother was in the car accident that led to the dancing ban. She gives Ren a Bible marked with various passages he can use for his motion. It is then they both realize they've fallen in love with each other ("Almost Paradise").
At the town council meeting, Ren stands up and explains to the council, including the principal, coach, his aunt & uncle, and Moore, that dancing is written about in the Bible and should not be illegal. Ren is favorably supported, but the members don't listen and the motion is dismissed.
After the meeting, Ethel explains that Shaw had those votes locked no matter what, and she suggests that Ren go talk to him face to face. Ren goes to the pastor's house and explains to him that he should not take his anguish about his son's death out on the entire town. They argue, but when Ren points out that they're both dealing with loss — Moore's loss of his son, Ren's loss of his father — they realize a common bond. Ren leaves, but struck by Ren's insight, Moore struggles with what to do. Ariel tells him that she believes him and reminds him about his sermon in the morning. She leaves, but Shaw is still struggling. (Heaven Help Me Reprise)
At the next service, Shaw tells the whole congregation that he is going to allow the teenagers to hold a dance. They are overjoyed. Ren asks Ariel to the dance and Willard invites Rusty, telling her that he is even willing to dance with her. After the crowd leaves, Vi and Shaw are left alone, where Shaw tells Vi how much he loves her and how he has made many mistakes in the past ("Can You Find it in Your Heart? Reprise"). In the end, Shaw, his wife, and all the rest of the townsfolk attend the huge dance to celebrate the abolishment of banning dancing in their hometown except for Chuck, who soon shows up to take revenge on Ren for selling out the town, only to be subdued and chased away by Willard and Rusty for showing up uninvited to this celebration ("Footloose (Finale)").
Songs
Act I
"Footloose/On Any Sunday" – Everyone
"The Girl Gets Around" – Chuck, Travis, Lyle, Ariel
"I Can't Stand Still" – Ren
"Somebody's Eyes" – Rusty, Urleen, Wendy Jo
"Learning to Be Silent" – Vi, Ethel, Ariel
"Holding Out for a Hero" – Ariel, Rusty, Urleen, Wendy Jo
"Somebody's Eyes (Reprise)" – Rusty, Urleen, Wendy Jo
"Heaven Help Me" – Shaw
"I'm Free (Heaven Helps the Man)" – Kids & Adults
Act II
"Still Rockin'" – Cowboy Bob & Band
"Let's Hear It for the Boy" – Rusty
"Can You Find it in Your Heart" – Vi
"Mama Says" – Willard, Bickle, Garvin, Jeter, Ren
"Almost Paradise" – Ren, Ariel
"Dancing Is Not A Crime" – Ren
"Heaven Help Me (Reprise)" – Shaw
"Can You Find it in Your Heart? (Reprise)" – Shaw
"Footloose (Finale)" – Everyone
In April 2005, the show was revised slightly. Aside from numerous tweakings to the script, there are slight differences in the revised version's musical numbers. Chief among these is a brand new song opening Act II called "Still Rockin'". Other changes include the removal of the 'rap' "Dancing is not a Crime". Only the very first section of the rap is used and right before "Mama Says" instead of during the Town Council meeting. Ren gives a speech instead during the meeting. Also, the Reverend's song "I Confess" has also been removed and replaced with a much longer and more emotional scene with Ren after the Town Council meeting and a short reprise of "Heaven Help Me" sung by Reverend Moore alone. Furthermore, the show now begins with Rusty, Wendy Jo, and Urleen singing the opening of "Footloose" instead of Ren and the boys, and during "Learning to be Silent", Ariel sings with Vi and Ethel during the song. "Mama says" was also shortened and cut Jeter, Bickle, and Garvin's solos.
Instrumentation
Footloose requires a pit orchestra in a rock combo style. The instrumentation calls for two keyboards, two guitars, bass guitar, drums, percussion, and a woodwind player. The woodwind player doubles on clarinet, flute, tenor sax, and baritone sax. The first keyboard part is played by the conductor. In the original Broadway production, there was also music for solo violin and cello.
Productions
Broadway production
The musical Footloose opened at Broadway's Richard Rodgers Theatre on October 22, 1998 and ran for 709 performances until July 2, 2000. It was directed by Walter Bobbie with choreography by AC Ciulla.
Footloose received mixed critical reception. General consensus was that the show was in and of itself poor, but the music and talented cast made it entertaining. It was nominated for four Tony Awards. The wardrobe is on display at the Costume World Broadway Collection in Pompano Beach, Florida.
Original London production
A London production, billed as both Footloose: The Musical and simply Footloose in different press accounts, opened at the Novello Theatre on the Strand, following a United Kingdom touring version. It premiered on April 18, 2006, and closed November 11, 2006. Directed by Karen Bruce, the creative team included Morgan Large designing sets and costumes, James Whiteside as lighting designer, and Mike Dixon and Chris Egan as musical supervisors.
British national tours
Footloose, directed by Paul Kerryson, premiered in the UK at the Theatre Royal, Plymouth in February 2004, where it played for three weeks before embarking on a 24-week national tour. A second UK national tour opened on January 4, 2006, at the Wales Millennium Centre in Cardiff Bay. This time directed by Karen Bruce, it starred Cheryl Baker and Stephen McGann and went on to tour another 11 venues mainly in the south of England and Scotland.
The production transferred into London's West End, starring David Essex and Cheryl Baker in April 2006, before closing in November of the same year – due to the limited availability of the Novello Theatre. The production then embarked its third national tour, which opened in Salford in January 2007, and continued until July 2007, starring Lyn Paul. Then the cast returned to London at the Playhouse Theatre from August 17, 2007 through December 6, 2007; Lyn Paul continued her role. Footloose returned to the West End in September 2017 at the Peacock Theatre with Gareth Gates and Maureen Nolan confirmed to take on the roles of Willard and Vi Moore.
A brand new production of the musical, directed by Racky Plews, will now return for a fourth UK & International tour, premiering at the Maag Halle in Zürich on January 19, 2022. It will then open in the UK at the Theatre Royal, Plymouth, in February 2022 and is set to close in August 2022 at the New Wimbledon Theatre.
US 10th Anniversary national tour
Prather Entertainment Group produced a "10th Anniversary" U.S. tour of Footloose.
Casts
Awards and nominations
Original Broadway production
References
External links
Footloose at guidetomusicaltheatre.com
1998 musicals
Broadway musicals
Musicals based on films
Teen musicals | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Footloose%20%28musical%29 |
Aroostook ( ) is a former village in Victoria County, New Brunswick, Canada. It held village status prior to 2023. It is now part of the village of Southern Victoria.
Geography
The community is located on the west bank of the Saint John River at the mouth of the Aroostook River. It is approximately 11 kilometres north of Perth-Andover.
History
Aroostook was founded in 1852 and became an important railway centre in 1878 with the completion of the New Brunswick Railway from Fredericton to Edmundston and the Aroostook River Railway from Aroostook to Caribou, Maine. Both railways were leased by the Canadian Pacific Railway (CPR) in 1890 and a large rail yard and locomotive roundhouse was constructed in the village to service CPR trains operating in northwestern New Brunswick and northern Maine.
The construction of taxpayer-funded highways during the 20th century saw railways decline in use following World War II. CPR abandoned service through Aroostook in March 1987 following the loss of 2 bridges to ice jams downstream from the village.
On 1 January 2023, Aroostook amalgamated with Perth-Andover and parts of two local service districts to form the new village of Southern Victoria. The community's name remains in official use.
Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Aroostook had a population of living in of its total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021. Revised census figures based on the 2023 local governance reforms have not been released.
Notable people
See also
List of communities in New Brunswick
References
External links
Communities in Victoria County, New Brunswick
Former villages in New Brunswick | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aroostook%2C%20New%20Brunswick |
Thomas Ewing Sherman, S.J. (October 12, 1856 – April 29, 1933) was an American lawyer, educator, and Catholic priest. He was the fourth child and second son of Union Army General William Tecumseh Sherman and his wife Ellen Ewing Sherman.
Life
Sherman was named after his maternal grandfather Thomas Ewing, a U.S. Senator and cabinet secretary. Tom was born in San Francisco, California, while his father worked there as a bank executive. His mother, Ellen, was of Irish ancestry on her mother's side and devoutly Catholic. During the American Civil War (1861–1865), Tom's father rose to become one of the most important generals in the United States Army. When his superior, Ulysses S. Grant, became President of the United States, William Tecumseh Sherman was appointed commanding general of the army.
Tom was brought up in St. Louis and Washington. He attended the preparatory department of Georgetown College and graduated with a B.A. degree from that institution in 1874. He then entered Yale University's Sheffield Scientific School as a graduate student in English literature. He received a law degree from Washington University in St. Louis in 1878 and was admitted to the bar, but to his father's great and lasting displeasure he soon gave up the profession of the law in order to study for priesthood in the Roman Catholic Church. That same year he joined the Jesuit Order and studied for three years in Jesuit novitiates in St Mary's Hall in Lancashire, England, and Frederick, Maryland.
The elder Sherman wrote a letter to John McCloskey, Archbishop of New York, in 1879 telling him to dissuade his son from such a course of action. However, the Cardinal encouraged the boy in his vocation after visiting with him. In response, the General condemned McCloskey in a St. Louis, Missouri newspaper in offensive terms and accused him of robbing him of a son. When pressed for comment by the newspaper's editor, McCloskey simply replied that General Sherman's letter was marked 'personal and confidential.
He was ordained as priest in 1889 by a friend of his mother's, Archbishop Patrick Ryan of Philadelphia; and belonged to the Western Province of the Jesuit Order (headquarters in St. Louis). He taught for some years in Jesuit colleges, principally at Saint Louis University and in Detroit.
He presided over General Sherman's funeral mass in 1891 and was in demand as a public lecturer, frequently speaking out against anti-Catholic prejudice in the United States. He obtained a commission as an army chaplain during the Spanish–American War of 1898, without consulting his Jesuit superiors. Beginning in 1899, he used St. Ignatius College Prep in Chicago as his base for speaking and writing. While in his mid-fifties, he began experiencing mental problems and long bouts of clinical depression. In 1914, he withdrew from the Jesuit community and lived in various places in Europe and the United States before settling in Santa Barbara, California. In poor health, after 1931 he lived with his wealthy niece Eleanor Sherman Fitch in New Orleans, Louisiana, where he died of acute dilation of the heart and arteriosclerosis, at the age of 76. He had renewed his Jesuit vows just shortly before his death.
Father Sherman is buried next to Father John Salter, the nephew of Confederate Vice President Alexander Stephens, at St. Charles Borromeo Jesuit Cemetery in Grand Coteau. This is coincidental, as Father Salter was the next priest of the local Jesuit community to be buried there.
References
External links
Thomas Ewing Sherman
William T. Sherman – Notre Dame University
Letters of Thomas Sherman to his father
References
General Sherman's Son: The Life of Thomas Ewing Sherman, S.J.; Joseph T. Durkin, S.J.; New York: Farrar, Straus & Cudahy, 1959
1856 births
1933 deaths
American Roman Catholic priests
19th-century American Jesuits
20th-century American Jesuits
Georgetown University College of Arts & Sciences alumni
Washington University School of Law alumni
Yale University alumni
United States Army chaplains
Spanish–American War chaplains
Sherman family (U.S.) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Ewing%20Sherman |
Daniel "Dan" Hollander (born May 9, 1972) is an American figure skater. He is a two-time Vienna Cup champion (1995, 1997) and a two-time U.S. national bronze medalist (1996, 1997). He finished tenth at the 1996 World Championships in Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.
In the 1996–97 season, Hollander trained under Diana Ronayne in St. Clair Shores, Michigan. In 1999, he sustained a number of injuries that forced him to turn professional. He became known for his comedic skating programs. Hollander announced his retirement from competition by executing a backflip, which is an illegal element in figure skating.
Hollander coaches figure skating in Maryland. On October 17, 2015, he married a skating coach, Emily Chase, in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan. Their daughter, Arianna Alina, was born on May 13, 2016.
Programs
Competitive highlights
GP: Champions Series / Grand Prix
References
External links
Official website of Dan Hollander
Dan Hollander at Figure Skaters Online
1972 births
American male single skaters
Living people
Sportspeople from Royal Oak, Michigan
20th-century American people
21st-century American people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel%20Hollander |
The Chicago Women's Liberation Union (CWLU) was an American feminist organization founded in 1969 at a conference in Palatine, Illinois.
The main goal of the organization was to end gender inequality and sexism, which the CWLU defined as "the systematic keeping down of women for the benefit of people in power." The purpose statement of the organization expressed that "Changing women's position in society isn't going to be easy. It's going to require changes in expectations, jobs, child care, and education. It's going to change the distribution of power over the rest of us to all people sharing power and sharing in the decisions that affect our lives." The CWLU spent almost a decade organizing to challenge both sexism and class oppression. The group is best known for the 1972 pamphlet "Socialist Feminism: A Strategy for the Women’s Movement", by the Hyde Park Chapter of the Chicago Women's Liberation Union (Heather Booth, Day Creamer, Susan Davis, Deb Dobbin, Robin Kaufman, and Tobey Klass). Nationally circulated, the publication is believed to be the first to use the term socialist feminism.
Naomi Weisstein, Vivian Rothstein, Heather Booth, and Ruth Surgal were among its founders. The play The Last of the Red Hot Mammas, or, the Liberation of Women as Performed by the Inmates of the World was first performed at its founding conference, and Naomi Weisstein was one of those who performed in the play on that occasion.
Vivian Rothstein was the CWLU's first staff member, organized its representative decision-making part, and aided the establishment of its Liberation School for Women.
Chapters
Campus chapters in the CWLU included but were not limited to University of Illinois at Chicago (UIC), Loyola, Northwestern, Roosevelt, Harold Washington, and Dominican University. Local chapters in the CWLU functioned as semi-autonomous groups. These chapters served as consciousness raising groups or groups involved in the planning of political strategies. Some local chapters combined both. Local chapters included the Hyde Park Chapter, the Friday Night Chapter, Brazen Hussies, Mrs. O'Leary, and more. These chapters worked to develop and strengthen peoples' consciousness and skills, to provide free or inexpensive quality services for women, and to challenge politics through direct action.
The CWLU published outreach newspapers such as Womankind, Blazing Star, and Secret Storm. Womankind was a newspaper of the CWLU from 1971 to 1973. It was published monthly and focused on women who were curious about the liberation movement. The CWLU wanted to spread their ideas, inform others of the political direction of the Union, and increase awareness of their chapters and programs. Blazing Star was a newspaper published in 1975 that focused on the struggles and discrimination lesbians faced. The Lesbian Group of CWLU took on this newspaper's title and was also known as Blazing Star.
Secret Storm was another newspaper published by a CWLU group of the same name. Formerly known as Outreach, Secret Storm reflected their ideas and thoughts via their newspaper. They raised controversial yet critical points and discussed current, significant issues with women that they met through neighborhood projects. Secret Storm focused primarily on the problematic structure of neighborhoods and the inequality women encountered in the workplace. Their involvement with issues of sexism, oppression, and inequality ranged from promoting women's sport leagues to helping women understand issues on a global scale. They fought against sexism in park districts and neighborhoods. They worked hard to educate women on prevalent issues apart from their personal experiences. They presented the idea of a global connection shared between women, rather than just a local connection.
Some groups within the CWLU focused specifically on women's involvement in music and the arts. The Chicago Women's Graphics Collective was first organized in 1970 to provide high quality feminist posters for the growing women's liberation movement and to encourage women in the arts. The Chicago Women's Graphics Collective originally used silkscreen to create their large brilliantly colored prints because it was inexpensive and posters could be produced in member's apartments. The Chicago Women's Liberation Rock Band was formed in 1972 and focused on women expressing themselves through their musical talents.
Programs and groups
The CWLU was organized as an umbrella organization to unite a wide range of work groups and discussion groups. A representative from each work group went to monthly meetings of the Steering Committee to reach consensus on organizational policy and strategy. They addressed a myriad of issues including women's health, reproductive rights, education, economic rights, visual arts and music, sports, lesbian liberation, and much more.
Education
A large portion of CWLU's work revolved around education. With the help of Vivian Rothstein, the organization established its Liberation School for Women in 1970. The Liberation School, among other projects, served as a gateway to more opportunities for women. The Liberation School taught women practical and technological skills such as producing low priced political art or running pregnancy tests. This was very beneficial because many women did not have any previous involvement or experience with organizations. Many women learned skills that they would later bring to the political world. Their political fight for antiracism, disability rights, labor community and reproductive rights would help women strengthen their status in society. The Prison Project taught classes at the Dwight Correctional Center for five years. They helped improve facility conditions and organized family visitation rights. When the Prison Project first started its work, there were many strikes and revolts that often resulted in death and injury. However, to deal with the brutal conditions at Dwight, the Prison Project taught classes in health and law. As a result of their efforts, the Illinois Department of Children and Family Services and the Illinois Department of Corrections created a space for women within the institution that included a nursery room. This was much more conducive for the interactions between women and their children.
Healthcare
Healthcare, especially reproductive medical services, was a major concern for CWLU. Groups such as the underground Abortion Counseling Service (also referred to as "Jane" or "Jane Collective") formed within the organization to raise awareness and create change in the health system. The organization provided abortion referrals and clandestine abortions. When abortion was legalized, the Abortion Counseling Service fought for access and safety at clinics while providing affordable pregnancy tests. The Health Evaluation and Referral Service (HERS) was a watchdog group overseeing healthcare professionals and provided referrals until 1989.
Social and political issues
The CWLU did not participate in electoral politics, instead work groups took on the city government to advocate for women's rights. Together with the Chicago chapter of the National Organization for Women (NOW), the CWLU work group DARE (Direct Action for Rights in Employment) sued the city and eventually won a major sex discrimination wage case on behalf of city women custodians. The Action Coalition for Decent Childcare (ACDC), organized by members of the CWLU, fought for and won the case for changing licensing codes for day care providers. CWLU also had a Legal Clinic that provided advice and services. The majority of CWLU members were Caucasian, however they took part in health work for Latino communities, fought against racial discrimination in gay and lesbian bars, and had many affiliations with diverse groups.
The CWLU believed that a developing working-class was fundamental in the ability to transform American society. The CWLU started using the word socialist feminism in order to provoke consciousness of the gender inequality during that time period where patriarchy was dominant in all aspects of society. For example, socialist feminist wanted to integrate the recognition of sex discrimination with their work to achieve justice, equality for women, working classes, the poor and all humanity. The DARE program's focal point was to integrate women into the workforce. Due to factors such as gender discrimination, women were denied the opportunity for advancement in the workforce and were paid less than men for the same work. Susan Bates directed this particular organization that went on to publish a newspaper called Secret Storm. This newspaper publicized struggles at Stewart-Warner, Campbell's Soup, and other workplaces in and around Chicago. In these workplaces there was gender and racial discrimination visible through wage distribution and lack of promotions. At Campbell's Soup, women workers fought for plant-wide seniority and an end to dual seniority lists, both of which were discriminatory. DARE was influential in their efforts to end discrimination and inequality in the workplace.
The Anti-Rape Movement of the 1970s in Chicago provided an opportunity for women to feel empowered by generating change within institutions. In rape cases before the Anti-Rape Movement, hospitals that did admit rape victims were not sensitive to their needs and were often unskilled in gathering evidence for possible prosecution. When police gave credibility to the charge of rape, they often treated the situation without sincerity and did not take the victims seriously. The courts often assigned untrained, hurried prosecuting attorneys to the cases. Usually these attorneys did not help the victims seek the justice they deserved. The Rape Project started a rape crisis hotline, an innovation in the anti-rape movement, where victims could call to communicate with an advocate. These advocates were available to comfort the victims, to talk with them, aid them in hospital or police visits, and support them in all aspects of their process.
Blazing Star was a lesbian group that was part of the CWLU; they produced a newsletter also called Blazing Star.
Projects
The CWLU worked on many different projects and movements in the short eight years that they were active. Some of these movements included the University of Illinois at Chicago's (UIC) women's studies program, which is still active today. The CWLU worked with a student and faculty group called the Circle Women's Liberation Union to form the Women's Studies program in 1972 to "make knowledge by, about, and for women in all fields accessible to students." HERS organized the Abortion Clinic Evaluation Project and they worked to "help women find decent and humane abortion services and help expose abortion providers who were doing a poor job." This project began after the Roe v. Wade decision in 1973, which legalized abortion. The CWLU realized that once abortion was legal they needed to make sure that women were able to receive safe and clean abortion services. The CWLU also worked with a Hispanic organization called CESA (Committee to End Sterilization Abuse.) They worked together to put an end to unnecessary sterilization of women.
Affiliations
The CWLU partnered with countless organizations including The National Black Feminist Organization, Women Employed (WE), National Organization for Women (NOW), Operation PUSH, Mujeres Latinas en Accion, Midwest Academy, Black Panthers, Puerto Rican Socialist Party, and League of Women Voters. The CWLU worked with Chicago NOW on several projects including defense of the Abortion 7, the City Hall janitress campaign, and an economic justice march in 1974. A key founder of WE came from the CWLU and was a voice for Chicago's workingwomen. Operation PUSH and the CWLU worked together on the City Hall janitress campaign and the defense of Joan Little. Little was a black woman who killed a jail guard in self-defense when he tried to rape her. Mujeres Latinas en Accion and the CWLU worked to form the committee to End Sterilization Abuse. The League of Women Voters and the CWLU worked together on the City Hall janitress campaign against pay discrimination.
End
Due to a lack of structure in the organization, the CWLU often struggled with factionalism and in 1976 a final conflict arose that brought the organization down. Two groups, the Two-Line paper authors and the Asian Women's Group, passed out leaflets at the 1976 International Women's Day Event that denounced many ideas of the CWLU. These groups argued over leadership roles in the CWLU and were purged from the organization after the event in 1976. Losing support, the remaining members voted on April 24, 1977, to end the organization altogether.
References
Further reading
Gardiner, Judith. "A Short History of Women's Studies at UIC." Women's Studies Program Newsletter. 2007: n. page. Web. 19 Nov. 2013.
Editorial Committee, CWLU Herstory, ed. "CWLU Projects." The CWLU Herstory Website. N.p.. Web. 19 Nov 2013.
Carol, Estelle. "The Chicago Women's Graphic Collective." The CWLU Herstory Website. N.p.. Web. 19 Nov 2013.
Strobel, Margaret, and Sue Davenport. "The Chicago Women's Liberation Union: An Introduction." The CWLU Herstory Website. N.p., n.d. Web. 19 Nov 2013.
Jacobsen, Kimberly. n. page. <http://chsmedia.org/media/fa/fa/M-C/CWLU.htm>.
Napikoski, Linda. "The Women's Liberation Movement." N.p.. Web. 19 Nov 2013.
Chicago Herstory Website Editorial Committee, ed. "Prison Project." The CWLU Herstory Website. N.p.. Web. 19 Nov 2013.
External links
Socialist Feminism: A Strategy for the Women’s Movement
The Chicago Women's Liberation Movement: An Introduction
The Chicago Women's Liberation Union archival materials in at the Chicago History Museum
Feminism in Illinois
Feminist organizations in the United States
Women's political advocacy groups in the United States
Organizations based in Chicago
Organizations established in 1969
Organizations disestablished in 1977
Socialist feminist organizations
Women in Chicago | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chicago%20Women%27s%20Liberation%20Union |
"WNFM" was a cable channel serving Fort Myers and Naples, Florida, United States, affiliated with MyNetworkTV. The call sign is fictional as the channel was not licensed by the Federal Communications Commission (FCC). It was broadcast exclusively on Comcast channel 8 (hence the My TV 8 branding) and was operated from Comcast's Southwest Florida headquarters south of Naples Manor on Tower Road along SR 951/Collier Boulevard. WNFM was the largest cable-only MyNetworkTV affiliate.
History
This channel began on January 11, 1995 as a WB affiliate. It aired exclusively on MediaOne channel 10 (then Southwest Florida's cable provider) and was not available over-the-air. It used the fictional call letters "WSWF" (for Southwest Florida) and was branded as "WB 10". In March 1998, WSWF switched affiliations with WTVK (now WXCW) and became a UPN affiliate.
However, anyone in the market that did not have cable could not get "TV 10" as it was later called, so UPN made an affiliation deal with low-powered WEVU-LP which would allow for additional coverage over-the-air. Several months later, WEVU owner Caloosa Television made a deal with MediaOne to have the cable system take over programming of the off-air station on analog VHF channel 7.
MediaOne then discarded the faux WSWF call letters in favor of WEVU-LP (already in use officially as assigned by the FCC) and adopted the on-air moniker "UPN 8" after changing its cable channel to that location (previously used by over-the-air WEVU). MediaOne replaced the over-the-air station's non-network programming with its own thus unifying the UPN affiliates in the market. During this period, the network could also be seen in Naples on low-powered WBSP-LP on VHF channel 9 because this translator repeated WEVU-LP's weak signal to the market's southern locations.
The working relationship lasted until midnight on September 1, 2004 shortly after Holston Valley Broadcasting (then owner of over-the-air WEVU-LP) struck a deal for carriage of the station on DirecTV. However, this forced VHF channel 7 to seek UPN programming via microwave from UPN owned-and-operated station WTOG in St. Petersburg, Florida. Eventually, Comcast merged with MediaOne and took over as the area's cable provider. The company continued to operate the UPN affiliate on cable channel 8 which resumed using fictional call letters, "WNFM".
On January 24, 2006, The WB and UPN announced the merger of the two networks into the new network The CW in September 2006. On March 9, ACME Communications announced all of its WB stations (including WTVK) would affiliate with The CW, an effectively default decision as the group's CEO was a former WB executive. WNFM was unlikely to have any chance at a CW affiliation even without ACME's connections, as the network looked to have over-the-air carriage the cable channel would never have. WNFM would not confirm its affiliation with the competing Fox Television Stations-owned MyNetworkTV until August 10. At the network's inception on September 5, WNFM changed its branding to "My TV 8" and Comcast debuted a new website for the station featuring a new logo. At one point, WNFM was the official "broadcast" home of the Florida Everblades ice hockey team, airing every Saturday night home game.
As time went on and MyNetworkTV went from a full network to a programming service in the fall of 2009, Comcast began to reduce the syndicated programming on the station. By 2013, WNFM was effectively a near full-day affiliate of This TV, while continuing to carry MyNetworkTV's programming in prime time. As both programming agreements ended, Comcast quietly took WNFM off the air by the start of July 2015. MyNetworkTV would not return to southwest Florida until March 2019, when WINK-TV picked up the network for its second subchannel associated with Antenna TV.
Programming
At one point as a UPN affiliate, WNFM aired an hour-long lifestyle/entertainment magazine program called D'Latinos Morning News in Spanish on weekday mornings from 7 until 8. Eventually, the show moved to low-powered Azteca América affiliate WTPH-LP. In late-August 2006 through a news share agreement, ABC affiliate WZVN-TV began producing a nightly half-hour prime time newscast called ABC 7 Gulfshore News at 10 on My TV 8. This was the second show established in the time slot behind long dominant Fox affiliate WFTX-TV. Since WZVN shares a news department with NBC affiliate WBBH-TV, some personalities seen on that station were also seen on the WNFM broadcast.
On March 26, 2007, CBS affiliate WINK-TV began airing a 10pm newscast on WXCW only a few weeks after WINK entered into a shared services agreement with WXCW's new owner. Within mere days, it leapfrogged Gulfshore News at 10 and became competitive with WFTX in a manner WNFM's newscast could not. The show was quietly discontinued at the end of the 2006-07 television season on May 25, 2007.
References
External links
"WNFM" "My TV 8"
This TV Fort Myers
NFM
Television channels and stations established in 1995
1995 establishments in Florida
Television channels and stations disestablished in 2015
2015 disestablishments in Florida
Defunct television stations in the United States
Former Comcast subsidiaries
NFM | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WNFM%20%28TV%29 |
Peculiar is an album by the New York City ska band The Slackers. It was released on Hellcat Records in 2006.
Track listing
"86 the Mayo" (Ruggiero) – 4:23
"Peculiar" (Ruggiero) – 4:08
"Propaganda" (Ruggiero/Babajian/Geard) – 4:31
"Crazy" (Ruggiero/The Slackers) – 3:31
"Set the Girl Free" (Ruggiero) – 2:38
"In Walked Capo" (Pine) – 3:21
"I'd Rather Die Happy" (Ruggiero) – 2:59
"What Went Wrong" (Pine) – 3:55
"Keep It Simple" (Hillyard/Ruggiero) – 3:05
"International War Criminal" (Ruggiero) – 3:57
"Sauron" (Hillyard) – 3:46
"Rider" (Ruggiero) – 4:02
"I Shall Be Released" (B. Dylan) – 4:20
Personnel
The Slackers' players
Ara Babajian – drums
Marcus Geard – bass, stick guitar, backing vocals
Dave Hillyard – saxophone
Jay Nugent – guitar
Glen Pine – trombone, vocals
Vic Ruggiero – organ, piano, guitar, vocals, etc.
Additional players
Marc Lyn – backing vocals on 3, 5, 6, 12, 13
Alex Desert – backing vocals on 1, 5
Larry McDonald – percussion on 12, 13
Sidney Mills – organ on 13
T.J. Scanlon – guitar on 3, 10, 12, 13
Susan Walls – trumpet on 2, 8
References
2006 albums
The Slackers albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peculiar%20%28album%29 |
In mathematics, the Weeks manifold, sometimes called the Fomenko–Matveev–Weeks manifold, is a closed hyperbolic 3-manifold obtained by (5, 2) and (5, 1) Dehn surgeries on the Whitehead link. It has volume approximately equal to 0.942707… () and showed that it has the smallest volume of any closed orientable hyperbolic 3-manifold. The manifold was independently discovered by as well as .
Volume
Since the Weeks manifold is an arithmetic hyperbolic 3-manifold, its volume can be computed using its arithmetic data and a formula due to Armand Borel:
where is the number field generated by satisfying and is the Dedekind zeta function of . Alternatively,
where is the polylogarithm and is the absolute value of the complex root (with positive imaginary part) of the cubic.
Related manifolds
The cusped hyperbolic 3-manifold obtained by (5, 1) Dehn surgery on the Whitehead link is the so-called sibling manifold, or sister, of the figure-eight knot complement. The figure eight knot's complement and its sibling have the smallest volume of any orientable, cusped hyperbolic 3-manifold. Thus the Weeks manifold can be obtained by hyperbolic Dehn surgery on one of the two smallest orientable cusped hyperbolic 3-manifolds.
See also
Meyerhoff manifold - second small volume
References
.
3-manifolds
Hyperbolic geometry | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weeks%20manifold |
Property Ladder is the name of two television shows from the United Kingdom and United States where first-time property or real-estate developers purchase houses (usually in need of repair), renovate them, and attempt to sell them (or flip) for a profit. Their efforts (and frustrations) are the featured bit of the show. An expert property developer steps in to provide advice.
Original UK version
The original UK version of the show is produced by Talkback Thames and airs on Channel 4, with repeats frequently shown on various channels including Discovery Real Time. Sarah Beeny features as the expert property developer, and is noted as appearing both pregnant and not pregnant at least once in each episode. The show underwent a change in format during 2004 and now features two developments per episode rather than one. In 2009, the UK version was re-titled Property Snakes & Ladders, reflecting the increasing jeopardy for would-be developers in a falling market.
The UK version has also aired in Australia on The Lifestyle Channel. When the retitled show Property Snakes & Ladders was shown in Australia the original title Property Ladder (with the original title sequence) was retained by The Lifestyle Channel to retain its audience.
US version
The US version is produced by TLC, with Kirsten Kemp as the expert property developer. The show premiered in June 2005.
An episode featured Tanya McQueen and her cousin as flippers operating out of Columbus, Texas. That episode was noticed by ABC producers, who invited McQueen to join the Extreme Makeover: Home Edition design team.
Dutch edition
The UK edition is also broadcast in the Netherlands on RTL 4, which also broadcasts a Dutch edition of the series, called Bouwval gezocht (Ruin Wanted) which is hosted by Peter van der Vorst (2013 series: Irene Moors).
This version of the show is not based on profit, but on people fixing up a bought home for their own way of living, though the results of the renovation are still valuated by real estate agents as a loss or a profit.
References
External links
UK edition
Property Ladder at Channel4.com
U.S. edition
Property Ladder at TLC
Dutch edition
Bouwval gezocht at RTL Nederland
Channel 4 original programming
Home renovation television series
American television series based on British television series
TLC (TV network) original programming
English-language television shows
2001 British television series debuts
2001 American television series debuts | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Property%20Ladder%20%28TV%20series%29 |
John T. Shelby (born February 23, 1958) is a former center fielder in Major League Baseball (MLB) who played from 1981 to 1991. He began his career as a member of the Baltimore Orioles before later playing for the Los Angeles Dodgers and Detroit Tigers. Shelby was a member of two World Series–winning teams: the 1983 Orioles and the 1988 Dodgers. His nickname was "T-Bone" because of his slight frame. He currently is a coach in the Atlanta Braves minor league system.
Early life
Shelby was born in Lexington, Kentucky, on February 23, 1958. In 1976, he graduated from Henry Clay High School in Lexington, where he played baseball (as a shortstop) and basketball and was an all-area performer. After high school, he played one year of baseball at Columbia State Community College in Columbia, Tennessee.
Baseball career
Playing career
In the January 1977 amateur draft, Shelby was a first–round pick (20th overall) of the Baltimore Orioles. He made his professional debut that year for the Bluefield Orioles of the Appalachian League, batting .256 with 21 RBI in 60 games.
When Shelby was traded to the Dodgers during the 1987 season, the team was so desperate for a center fielder that he was rushed into uniform and into his first game. There was not even time to put his name on the back of his uniform, so he played the entire game without his name stitched onto his uniform. During Game 4 of the 1988 National League Championship Series, he drew a crucial walk off Dwight Gooden in the top of the ninth inning, allowing Mike Scioscia to come up and hit a game-tying home run, paving the way for the game-winning home run by Kirk Gibson in the top of the twelfth inning.
On June 3, 1989, he batted 0-for-10 in a 22–inning game against the Houston Astros.
After the Dodgers released Shelby on June 2, 1990, he was signed eleven days later by the Detroit Tigers. He became a free agent following the season, but the Tigers re–signed him on November 26. He was released for good by the Tigers on August 13, 1991.
In 1992, Shelby's final season as a professional baseball player, he appeared in 127 games for the Pawtucket Red Sox, the Class AAA affiliate of the Boston Red Sox. He tallied 17 home runs and 64 RBI, but managed only a .205 batting average.
Coaching career
He was the hitting coach for the Albuquerque Isotopes, the AAA affiliate of the Colorado Rockies. In addition to managing several minor league teams, he has also served as a coach for the Dodgers, Pittsburgh Pirates, Baltimore Orioles, and Milwaukee Brewers. He was hired as a roving minor league instructor with the Atlanta Braves for the 2017 season.
Personal life
His oldest son, John Shelby III, is a former player in Major League Baseball and now a coach in the farm system of the Boston Red Sox. His second-oldest son, Jeremy Shelby, played one season in the Baltimore Orioles' farm system. His fourth-oldest son, JaVon Shelby, played for the University of Kentucky Wildcats baseball team and was drafted by the Oakland Athletics in 2016 amateur draft. His nephew Josh Harrison is a major league player.
References
External links
1958 births
Living people
Major League Baseball center fielders
Baltimore Orioles players
Los Angeles Dodgers players
Detroit Tigers players
Baseball players from Lexington, Kentucky
African-American baseball players
African-American baseball coaches
Los Angeles Dodgers coaches
Pittsburgh Pirates coaches
Major League Baseball first base coaches
Minor league baseball coaches
Baltimore Orioles coaches
Milwaukee Brewers coaches
San Antonio Missions managers
Bluefield Orioles players
Miami Orioles players
Charlotte O's players
Rochester Red Wings players
Albuquerque Dukes players
Toledo Mud Hens players
Pawtucket Red Sox players
21st-century African-American people
20th-century African-American sportspeople | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Shelby |
John Edgar (ca. 1750–1832) was an Illinois pioneer and politician. He was born in Ireland. In 1776, he was the commander of a British ship in the Great Lakes. He resigned from the British Navy rather than fight against the Americans.
Edgar settled at Fort Kaskaskia in 1784. He became a merchant, and built a flour mill. He shipped large quantities of flour from Illinois to New Orleans.
Edgar was an Illinois delegate to the Legislature of the Northwest Territory. He also served as Justice of the Peace and Judge in Kaskaskia.
In his time, Edgar was believed to have been the wealthiest man in Illinois. He held many large land claims around the State. Edgar County, Illinois was named in his honor. Although he probably never went there, there is an old story that he once bought and then sold the entire County.
Notes
Sources
History of McKendree College, Walton, 1928
1750 births
1832 deaths
People from Kaskaskia, Illinois
Northwest Territory House of Representatives | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Edgar%20%28politician%29 |
Michael Dwayne Davis (born June 11, 1959) is an American former professional baseball right fielder. He played 10 seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB) from 1980 to 1989 for the Oakland Athletics and Los Angeles Dodgers. He was selected by the Athletics in the third round of the 1977 Major League Baseball draft and signed as a free agent with the Dodgers before the 1988 season. He is most remembered as the Dodger who earned a two-out walk in the bottom of the ninth of Game 1 of the 1988 World Series, stole second base, and ultimately scored on Kirk Gibson's walk-off home run that won the game. The Dodgers would go on to win the series, four games to one.
Davis debuted for the Oakland Athletics in 1980 and played eight seasons for the team. From 1985 to 1987, his three best statistical seasons, he hit 65 home runs, collected 209 RBI's, and hit for a .274 average. He signed with the Los Angeles Dodgers after the 1987 season.
In 1988, Davis fought through an injury in spring training and largely struggled in his first National League season, hitting .196 with only two home runs and 17 runs batted in.
In Game 1 of that season's World Series, Davis was called upon to pinch hit against his former team with two outs in the ninth inning and the Dodgers trailing, 4-3. He faced A's closer, Dennis Eckersley, who led the league in saves that year. After throwing a first-pitch strike, Eckersley pitched carefully around his former teammate, which he later attributed in part due to Davis' power-hitting when they were teammates the year prior. With light-hitting Dave Anderson in the on deck circle, he threw the next four pitches well outside to walk Davis. Anderson was then pulled for pinch hitter Kirk Gibson, the Dodgers' best offensive weapon during the year but severely hobbled with injuries to both legs. With the count 2-2 to Gibson, Davis stole second base easily; controversy nearly ensued when Ron Hassey grazed an off-balance Gibson in his throwing motion to second base, but he did not make the throw, and interference was not called. On the next pitch, Gibson hit a now-famous home run to give the Dodgers a 5-4 win. In post-game interviews, Gibson credited Davis' steal for changing his approach to just seeking a base hit.
In the fourth inning of Game 5, he launched a two-run homer off Storm Davis on a 3-0 pitch to give the Dodgers a 4-1 lead. The Dodgers would go on to win 5-2 to clinch the series; Davis' homer provided the decisive runs in the game. It was his only hit of the series, but he also walked four times, stole two bases, and scored three runs, finishing with a .455 on-base percentage. He retired after the 1989 season.
Davis served as the hitting coach for the Clinton LumberKings, Class-A affiliate of the Seattle Mariners for the 2015 season. He served as the manager of the California High School baseball varsity team in San Ramon, California, for the 1993 season.
References
External links
, or Baseball Almanac, or Retrosheet, or Pura Pelota
1959 births
Living people
African-American baseball players
Baseball players from San Diego
Indianapolis Indians players
Los Angeles Dodgers players
Major League Baseball right fielders
Medicine Hat A's players
Modesto A's players
Oakland Athletics players
Ogden A's players
San Jose Giants players
Tacoma Tigers players
Tigres de Aragua players
American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela
Waterbury A's players
21st-century African-American people
20th-century African-American sportspeople | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mike%20Davis%20%28baseball%29 |
J. Paul Binnebose (born November 26, 1977) is a former American pair skater. With his partner Laura Handy, he is the 1999 World Junior silver medalist and 1999 U.S. senior national bronze medalist.
Career
Early in his pairs career, Binnebose competed with Sara Ward. They placed ninth at the 1994 World Junior Championships in Colorado Springs, Colorado. He and his next partner, Jacki Davidson, won the junior bronze medal at the 1996 U.S. Championships.
By the 1997–98 season, Binnebose was competing with Laura Lynn Handy. The pair won the 1997 Nebelhorn Trophy and finished sixth at the 1998 U.S. Championships. In the 1998–99 season, Handy/Binnebose won the silver medal at the 1999 World Junior Championships and senior bronze at the 1999 U.S. Championships. They withdrew from the 1999 World Championships because Binnebose had the flu.
On September 29, 1999, Binnebose fell while lifting Handy and hit his head on the ice, suffering a skull fracture and brain injury. He had emergency brain surgery and was put in an induced coma. His heart also stopped twice but he was brought back and gradually began to recover. Binnebose was released from hospital on November 30, 1999. His accident and recovery was featured on the Discovery Health Channel television series Impact: Stories of Survival. As of 2010, he continued to suffer facial paralysis and other effects of the injury but had returned to the ice and was teaching skating.
Binnebose has worked with numerous nonprofit organizations including Feed America and a monthly residual program he started in 2014 through a franchise company, ACN, INC.
Personal life
Binnebose married a fellow skater, with whom he has two sons, Ethan and Eli. He was divorced in 2013 and later married his longtime friend, Crystal Hess-Binnebose. He has a daughter, Eléora, from his second marriage and a stepdaughter Enya. The family lives in WI and CO.
Results
With Sara Ward
With Jacki Davidson
With Laura Handy
References
1977 births
American male pair skaters
Living people
World Junior Figure Skating Championships medalists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/J.%20Paul%20Binnebose |
The so-called Serov Instructions (full title: On the Procedure for Carrying out the Deportation of Anti-Soviet Elements from Lithuania, Latvia, and Estonia) was an undated top secret document, signed by General Ivan Serov, Deputy People's Commissar for State Security of the Soviet Union (NKGB). The instructions detailed procedures on how to carry out the mass deportations to Siberia of June 13–14, 1941, which occurred throughout Lithuania, Latvia and Estonia during the first (1940-1941) Soviet occupation of the three Baltic countries.
The instructions specified that the deportations would be carried out as secretly, quietly and speedily as possible. Families were restricted to taking of their belongings (clothes, food, kitchenware). The heads of the families were sent to Gulag labor camps, and other members were transported to forced settlements in remote areas of the Soviet Union.
Dating and confusion
While the original document is undated, sources provide various dates from October 11, 1939 to January 21, 1941. However, the NKGB was created only on February 3, 1941 and so could not have issued documents earlier.
A copy of the instructions, found in Šiauliai, had a stamp that the document was received on June 7. Therefore, the instructions must have been written sometime between February and June 1941.
The Serov Instructions are often confused with NKVD Order No. 001223, a completely different document that was signed by Lavrenty Beria on October 11, 1939, which was prepared by the People's Commissariat for Internal Affairs (NKVD) and listed various groups of people (anticommunists, former military or police personnel, large landowners, industrialists etc.) to be targeted by Soviet security structures according to the Article 58 (RSFSR Penal Code). The original Serov Instructions had no date or number. The confusion possibly originates from the Third Interim Report by the United States House Select Committee to Investigate the Incorporation of the Baltic States into the U.S.S.R., which published the full text of the Instructions under a misleading heading as Order № 001223.
See also
Population transfer in the Soviet Union
References
Government documents of the Soviet Union
1941 in Estonia
1941 in Lithuania
1941 in Latvia
1941 in the Soviet Union
Forced migration in the Soviet Union
World War II documents
1941 documents | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Serov%20Instructions |
Laura Lynn Handy (born July 25, 1980, in Atlantic City, New Jersey) is an American pair skater. With partner Paul Binnebose, she is the 1999 U.S. senior national bronze medalist and 1999 World Junior silver medalist. Later that year, Binnebose suffered a skull fracture, and he never returned to competitive skating. Handy later competed with Jonathon Hunt and Jeremy Allen. Handy is now a coach.
Programs
With Hunt
With Allen
Results
Singles
Pairs
With Peterson
With Binnebose
With Hunt
With Allen
References
1980 births
American female pair skaters
Living people
Sportspeople from Atlantic City, New Jersey
World Junior Figure Skating Championships medalists
21st-century American women
20th-century American women | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Laura%20Handy |
Tracy Michael Woodson (born October 5, 1962) is an American former professional baseball player and college coach. He played all or part of five seasons in Major League Baseball (MLB), from 1987 to 1989 and 1992 to 1993, primarily as a third baseman. He recently coached the Richmond Spiders baseball team.
Playing career
Woodson played college baseball for NC State from 1982 to 1984. His teammates included Doug Davis, Dan Plesac, Doug Strange, and Jim Toman. In 1983, he played collegiate summer baseball with the Hyannis Mets of the Cape Cod Baseball League.
Over his five-year major league career, he played with the Los Angeles Dodgers and the St. Louis Cardinals. Woodson was a member of the Los Angeles Dodgers team that won the 1988 World Series. Notably, against the Cincinnati Reds on September 16 of that year, he struck out for the 27th and final out in Tom Browning's perfect game. Woodson pinch-hit for Dodgers right-hander Tim Belcher. His first career home-run came off of Hall of Fame pitcher Nolan Ryan.
Coaching career
After his playing career was over, he managed for several years in minor league baseball, where he compiled a record of 443 wins and 468 losses and the 2003 Southern League championship with the Carolina Mudcats. Prior to the start of 2007 season, he was named the head baseball coach at Valparaiso, where he coached for seven seasons (2007–13) and led the program to two NCAA Tournament appearances. Prior to the start of the 2014 season, he left Valparaiso to become the head coach of Richmond.
He also works as a Division I men's college basketball referee.
Minor League Baseball managerial record
Head coaching record
The following is a table of Woodson's NCAA head coaching records.
See also
List of current NCAA Division I baseball coaches
References
External links
1962 births
Living people
Albuquerque Dukes players
Albuquerque Isotopes managers
American expatriate baseball players in Canada
Baseball coaches from Virginia
Baseball players from Richmond, Virginia
Columbus Clippers players
Hyannis Harbor Hawks players
Iowa Cubs players
Los Angeles Dodgers players
Louisville Redbirds players
Major League Baseball third basemen
NC State Wolfpack baseball players
Richmond Braves players
Richmond Spiders baseball coaches
Rochester Red Wings players
St. Louis Cardinals players
San Antonio Dodgers players
Valparaiso Beacons baseball coaches
Vancouver Canadians players
Vero Beach Dodgers players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tracy%20Woodson |
Lazar Aronovich Lyusternik (also Lusternik, Lusternick, Ljusternik; ; 31 December 1899 – 22 July 1981) was a Soviet mathematician. He is famous for his work in topology and differential geometry, to which he applied the variational principle. Using the theory he introduced, together with Lev Schnirelmann, he proved the theorem of the three geodesics, a conjecture by Henri Poincaré that every convex body in 3-dimensions has at least three simple closed geodesics. The ellipsoid with distinct but nearly equal axis is the critical case with exactly three closed geodesics.
The Lusternik–Schnirelmann theory, as it is called now, is based on the previous work by Poincaré, David Birkhoff, and Marston Morse. It has led to numerous advances in differential geometry and topology. For this work Lyusternik received the Stalin Prize in 1946. In addition to serving as a professor of mathematics at Moscow State University, Lyusternik also worked at the Steklov Mathematical Institute (RAS) from 1934 to 1948 and the Lebedev Institute of Precise Mechanics and Computer Engineering (IPMCE) from 1948 to 1955.
He was a student of Nikolai Luzin. In 1930 he became one of the initiators of the Egorov affair and then one of the participants in the notorious political persecution of his teacher Nikolai Luzin known as the Luzin affair.
See also
Lusternik–Schnirelmann category
Lyusternik's generalization of the Brunn–Minkowski theorem
References
Pavel Alexandrov et al., LAZAR' ARONOVICH LYUSTERNIK (on the occasion of his 60th birthday), Russ. Math. Surv. 15 (1960), 153–168.
Pavel Alexandrov, In memory of Lazar Aronovich Lyusternik, Russ. Math. Surv. 37 (1982), 145-147
External links
1899 births
1981 deaths
20th-century Polish Jews
20th-century Polish mathematicians
20th-century Russian mathematicians
People from Zduńska Wola
People from Kalisz Governorate
Academic staff of Moscow State University
Corresponding Members of the USSR Academy of Sciences
Moscow State University alumni
Recipients of the Order of the Badge of Honour
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
Recipients of the Stalin Prize
Differential geometers
Topologists
Soviet mathematicians
Burials at Kuntsevo Cemetery | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazar%20Lyusternik |
Jan Čarek (29 December 1898, in Heřmaň, Austria-Hungary, now Czech Republic – 27 March 1966, in Prague, Czechoslovakia) was a Czechoslovak poet, essayist, and literary critic. He was greatly popular in his day for his children's books a "rural" poetry.
Biography
From 1910 to 1918 he studied at the gymnasium in Písek. He was initially working as a railway clerk. Since 1946 he started his professional writer career.
Since the 1920s he regularly published his works in a number of Czech literary magazines. After 1948 he devoted himself almost exclusively to children's literature.
Works
Vojna, 1920
Chudá rodina z Heřmaně, 1924
Temno v chalupách, 1926
Smutný život, 1929
Tři baldy o válce, 1934
Hvězdy na nebi, 1934
Balada o Kýrovi, 1934
Všechny chalupy,. 1936
Tváří k vesnici, 1938
Svatozář, 1939
Devítiocasá kočka, 1936
Básně rolníků, 1939
Temno v chalupách, 1941
O životě a literatuře, 1941
Maminka, 1941
V zemi české, 1942
Na špičku nože, 1943
Železná panna, 1946
Mezi dvěma ohni, 1947
Dopis na věčnost, 1947
Ráj domova, 1948
Jan Opolský, 1949
Heřmaň, 1952
Zvířátka – naši přátelé, 1953
Zlatý dětský věk, 1953
Bajky o nástrojích, 1953
Radost nad radost, 1954
Náš jeden rok, 1954
Máš rád stromy? 1954
Co si povídaly stroje, 1955
Ovoce, ovoce na naší zahrádce, 1957
Co zvířátka dovedou, 1957
Bylo – nebylo, 1957
Veselý věneček, 1958
Svíce potěšení, 1958
Dobrý den, zvířátka, 1958
Od jehly k mašinkám, 1960
Kreslíme rozprávku k medvídkovej chalúpke, 1960
O veselé mašince, 1961
Na polane, na lúke, 1961
Kolo radovánek, 1961
Dve mašinky, 1961
Farby, farbičky, 1962
10 kuriatok, 1963
Políčko, pole, 1963
Nejkrásnější zvířátko, 1963
Cose to děje? 1965
Čarokruh, 1971
Motýlí čas, 1978
External links
citarny.cz
1898 births
1966 deaths
Czechoslovak poets | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jan%20%C4%8Carek |
Evald Okas (28 November 1915 – 30 April 2011) was an Estonian painter, probably best known for his portraits of nudes.
Biography
Okas was born in Tallinn, where he began his artistic career while studying at the State Art School. With the advent of World War II and the Soviet invasion and occupation of Estonia, he was subsequently mobilized into Soviet army, but, like many other Estonians, moved to work battalions in Kotlas, Russia. When the Soviet officials decided to organize the artistic collectives in the Soviet rear in Yaroslavl, several Estonian artists, including Okas, were provided with an opportunity to leave the work battalions and join the artistic ensembles in 1942. The "Yaroslavl artists", as they came to be known, were also the founding members of the Soviet Estonian Artists Union established in 1943.
In Yaroslavl Okas befriended the rather well-known Estonian graphic artist Aino Bach and Richard Sagrits who mentored Okas and helped him hone his skills as an artist. By Soviet regulations, however, all artists were expected to paint in the Social Realism genre.
In 1947, Okas, with Elmar Kits and Richard Sagrits painted the ceiling of the Estonian National Opera in the style of Socialist Realism. By the late 1950s, Evald Okas was working mainly in the medium of charcoals and earning his living by sketching ex libris - graphic designs that identify the owner of a book, usually pasted onto the inside cover. Around this time Okas was even given permission to travel; first, within the Soviet Republics, then later worldwide and exhibit works as far afield as Asia and Western Europe.
In 1954 he became the professor at the Estonian State Art Institute; in 1962 the corresponding member of the Academy of Arts of the Soviet Union and the full member of the academy in 1975.
Evald Okas lived in Tallinn and was a member of the Estonian Artists’ Association.
His son Jüri Okas is an architect, installation artist and printmaker.
References
References/External links
Haus Galerii Biography
1915 births
2011 deaths
Artists from Tallinn
People from Kreis Harrien
Members of the Supreme Soviet of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic, 1963–1967
Members of the Supreme Soviet of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic, 1967–1971
Ninth convocation members of the Supreme Soviet of the Soviet Union
Tenth convocation members of the Soviet of Nationalities
20th-century Estonian painters
20th-century Estonian male artists
Estonian illustrators
Estonian graphic artists
21st-century Estonian painters
Estonian Academy of Arts alumni
Soviet military personnel of World War II
People's Artists of the USSR (visual arts)
People's Artists of the Estonian Soviet Socialist Republic (visual arts)
Heroes of Socialist Labour
Recipients of the Order of Lenin
Recipients of the Order of the White Star, 3rd Class | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evald%20Okas |
Drijat (; ), also known as Draijat, is an Arab village in southern Israel. Located in the Negev desert near Arad, between Kuseife and the Yatir Forest, it falls under the jurisdiction of al-Kasom Regional Council. In its population was .
History
According to its residents, Drijat was established in the 19th century. However, like dozens of other Arab locales in the Negev Desert, was an unrecognized village until 2004, when it joined the Abu Basma Regional Council. It is the only Arab village in the Negev that is not Bedouin; its residents are descended from a long line of fellahin. The ruins of a historical site named Dargot is located in Drijat, which is on the Israel National Trail.
In 2009 the village was connected to national water carrier, but remains unconnected to the electricity grid. In 2005, it became the first town in the world to be outfitted with a multipurpose solar electricity system for providing power to the entire village and reducing pollution. The only solar-powered mosque in the Middle East is also located in the village.
See also
Arab localities in Israel
References
Al-Kasom Regional Council
Arab villages in Israel
Populated places in Southern District (Israel) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Drijat |
CCTV-5 (), also known as the Sports Channel, part of the China Central Television family of networks, is the main sports broadcaster in the People's Republic of China. CCTV-5 began broadcasting on 1 January 1995. CCTV-5 now broadcasts 24 hours a day, 7 days a week.
Current sports coverage
CCTV-5 has coverage of the following sports leagues, teams, and events:
Multi-sports games
Asian Games
Summer Olympic Games
Summer Paralympic Games
Winter Olympic Games
Winter Paralympic Games
Auto Racing
Formula One
Badminton
BWF World Championships
Badminton Asia Confederation
China Open
China Masters
Chinese Badminton Association
All England Open Badminton Championships
Sudirman Cup
Uber & Thomas Cup
Basketball
Chinese Basketball Association
National Basketball Association
FIBA Basketball World Cup
Boxing
World Boxing Association
World Boxing Council
International Boxing Federation
World Boxing Organization
Cycling
Tour de France
Tour of Qinghai Lake
Field Hockey
Hockey World Cup
Women's Hockey World Cup
Women's FIH Hockey World League
Football
Chinese Football Association
Chinese Super League
Chinese FA Cup
Chinese FA Super Cup
China National Football Team
FIFA World Cup
FIFA Confederations Cup
FIFA Club World Cup
FIFA U-20 World Cup
FIFA U-17 World Cup
FIFA Futsal World Cup
FIFA Beach Soccer World Cup
FIFA Women's World Cup
FIFA U-20 Women's World Cup
FIFA U-17 Women's World Cup
AFC Asian Cup
AFC U-23 Championship
AFC U-19 Championship
AFC U-16 Championship
AFC Champions League
UEFA Euro
UEFA Champions League
UEFA Super Cup
Premier League
Serie A
Toulon Tournament
Copa Libertadores
Golf
PGA Tour
Ryder Cup
Handball
IHF World Men's Handball Championship (CCTV5+)
IHF World Women's Handball Championship (CCTV5+)
Ice Hockey
National Hockey League (CCTV5+)
Kontinental Hockey League (CCTV5+)
Ice Hockey World Championships (CCTV5+)
World Cup of Hockey (CCTV5+)
Champions Hockey League (CCTV5+)
MMA
Kunlun Fight MMA
Rugby Union
Rugby World Cup (CCTV5+)
Premiership Rugby (CCTV5+)
Snooker
World Snooker Championship
Shanghai Masters (snooker)
China Open (snooker)
UK Championship
Surfing
America's Cup
Table Tennis
World Table Tennis Championships
Table Tennis World Cup
ITTF World Tour
Asian Table Tennis Championships
China Table Tennis Super League
Tennis
All four Grand Slam
Australian Open
French Open
Wimbledon Championships
US Open
ATP World Tour Masters 1000
ATP World Tour Finals
China Open
WTA Shenzhen Open
WTA Wuhan Open
Volleyball
FIVB Volleyball Men's World Championship
FIVB Volleyball Men's World Cup
FIVB Volleyball Women's World Championship
FIVB Volleyball Women's World Cup
FIVB Volleyball Men's Nations League
FIVB Volleyball Women's Nations League
FIVB Volleyball Women's Club World Championship
Asian Men's Volleyball Championship
Asian Women's Volleyball Championship
AVC Cup for Men
AVC Cup for Women
Chinese Volleyball Super League
Past coverage
Asian Games
Beijing Television (Old)
Bangkok 1978 (simulcast of National Sports, broadcast via satellite)
CCTV-2
New Delhi 1982 (simulcast of DD Sports)
Seoul 1986 (simulcast of KBS Sports 4)
Beijing 1990 (simulcast of CCTV Asian Games)
Hiroshima 1994 (simulcast of NHK Educational TV)
CCTV-5
Bangkok 1998 (simulcast of National Sports)
Busan 2002 (simulcast of KBS Sports 4)
Doha 2006 (simulcast of Al Jazeera Sports 6)
Guangzhou 2010 (simulcast of GDTV Zhuhai Sports)
Incheon 2014 (simulcast of KBS Sports 4)
Jakarta 2018 (simulcast of Televisi Republik Indonesia)
Summer Olympic Games
Beijing Television (Old)
Montreal 1976 (simulcast of CBFT-DT, broadcast in PAL Color)
CCTV-2
Moscow 1980 (simulcast of CT-USSR, via satellite)
Los Angeles 1984 (simulcast of Olympics on NBC, first Olympic Games for the PRC)
Seoul 1988 (simulcast of KBS Sports 4)
Barcelona 1992 (simulcast of TVE)
CCTV-5
Atlanta 1996 (simulcast of Olympics on NBC)
Past Coverage As CCTV-Olympic (Name and logo changed)
Sydney 2000 (simulcast of C7 Sport)
Athens 2004 (simulcast of CCTV-1, CCTV-2, CCTV-5 and CCTV-News)
Beijing 2008 (simulcast of CCTV-1, CCTV-2, CCTV-3, CCTV-5, CCTV-7, CCTV-12, CCTV-News and CCTV-HD)
London 2012 (simulcast of CCTV-1, CCTV-5, CCTV-7, CCTV-News and CCTV-HD)
Rio 2016 (simulcast of CCTV-1, CCTV-5, CCTV-5+ and CCTV-News)
Tokyo 2020 (simulcast of CCTV-1, CCTV-5, CCTV-5+ and CCTV-News)
Winter Olympic Games
Beijing Television (Old)
Innsbruck 1976 (simulcast of FS1, first color broadcast)
Lake Placid 1980 (simulcast of Olympics on ABC)
CCTV-2
Sarajevo 1984 (simulcast of JRT)
Calgary 1988 (simulcast of CFCN-DT)
Albertville 1992 (simulcast on TF1, Antenne 2 and FR3)
Lillehammer 1994 (simulcast of NRK)
CCTV-5
Nagano 1998 (simulcast of NHK, NTV, TBS, Fuji TV, TV Asahi and TV Tokyo)
Salt Lake City 2002 (simulcast of Olympics on NBC)
Torino 2006 (simulcast of CCTV-1, CCTV-2, CCTV-5 and CCTV-News)
Vancouver 2010 (simulcast of CCTV-1, CCTV-5, CCTV-7, CCTV-News and CCTV-HD)
Sochi 2014 (simulcast of CCTV-1, CCTV-5, CCTV-5+ and CCTV-News)
Pyeongchang 2018 (simulcast of CCTV-1, CCTV-5, CCTV-5+ and CCTV-News)
Beijing 2022 (simulcast of CCTV-1, CCTV-5, CCTV-5+ and CCTV-News)
Past coverage as CCTV-FIFA World Cup
FIFA World Cup
CCTV-2
Spain 1982 (all matches live on CCTV-1)
Mexico 1986 (all matches live on CCTV-1)
Italy 1990 (all matches live on CCTV-1)
United States 1994 (all matches live on CCTV-1 and CCTV-2)
CCTV-5
France 1998 (all matches live on CCTV-1, CCTV-2 and CCTV-7)
Korea & Japan 2002 (all matches live on CCTV-1, CCTV-2 and CCTV-7)
Germany 2006 (all matches live on CCTV-1, CCTV-2 and CCTV-7)
South Africa 2010 (all matches live on CCTV-1, CCTV-2 and CCTV-7)
Brazil 2014 (all matches live on CCTV-1, CCTV-2, CCTV-7, CCTV-13 and CCTV-22)
Russia 2018 (all matches live on CCTV-1, CCTV-2, CCTV-7, CCTV-13 and CCTV-22)
Qatar 2022 (all matches live on CCTV-1, CCTV-2, CCTV-7, CCTV-13 and CCTV-22)
Past coverage as CCTV-UEFA Euro
UEFA European Championship
CCTV-1
West Germany 1988 (all matches live on CCTV-1)
Sweden 1992 (all matches live on CCTV-1)
England 1996 (all matches live on CCTV-1, CCTV-2 and CCTV-7)
Belgium/Netherlands 2000 (all matches live on CCTV-1, CCTV-2 and CCTV-7)
Portugal 2004 (all matches live on CCTV-1, CCTV-2, CCTV-7 and CCTV-13)
Austria/Switzerland 2008 (all matches live on CCTV-1, CCTV-2, CCTV-7, CCTV-13 and CCTV-HD)
Poland/Ukraine 2012 (all matches live on CCTV-1, CCTV-2, CCTV-7, CCTV-13 and CCTV-22)
France 2016 (all matches live on CCTV-1, CCTV-2, CCTV-7, CCTV-13 and CCTV-22)
Europe 2020 (all matches live on CCTV-1, CCTV-2, CCTV-7, CCTV-13 and CCTV-22)
Programmes
Who is the [Dance] King? [谁是舞王]
Sports News [体育咖吧]
Wushu Masters [武林大会]
Chinese Longzhou Tournament [中华龙舟大赛]
Who is the [Football] King? [谁是球王]
See also
Beijing Tiyu Guangbo - Beijing Sports Radio
References
External links
China Central Television channels
Sports television networks
Television channels and stations established in 1995
1995 establishments in China | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/CCTV-5 |
Stephanie Kalesavich Buono (born May 31, 1984) is an American former competitive pair skater. With Aaron Parchem, she is the 2000 Golden Spin of Zagreb champion and the 2001 Nebelhorn Trophy bronze medalist. They competed at one ISU Championship, the 2002 Four Continents, where they placed fifth.
Personal life
Stephanie Kalesavich was born in Ann Arbor, Michigan, United States. She married Michael Buono in around 2005 and has three daughters, Gabriella, Aria and Liliana.
Career
Kalesavich began skating at age eight. In 1997, she won a U.S. national title on the novice level with Amaan Archer. The pair competed at one ISU Junior Grand Prix event, in the autumn of 1998.
Coaches at the Detroit Skating Club paired Kalesavich with Aaron Parchem in March 1999. The pair won the junior title at the 2000 U.S. Championships with all first-place ordinals in the free skate.
In 2001, Kalesavich/Parchem began competing internationally and won a pewter medal at the 2001 U.S. Championships. The following year, the pair placed second after the short program, but were narrowly edged out for the silver by Scott/Dulebohn after the free skate. As bronze medalists, Kalesavich/Parchem were named the first Olympic alternates in that year. Their partnership ended just after the 2003 U.S. Championships.
Kalesavich coaches young skaters of all levels at the Onyx-Suburban Skating Academy in Rochester and Macomb Township, Michigan.
Programs
(with Parchem)
Results
With Archer
With Parchem
References
1984 births
American female pair skaters
Living people
Sportspeople from Ann Arbor, Michigan
Competitors at the 2001 Goodwill Games
20th-century American sportswomen
21st-century American sportswomen | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephanie%20Kalesavich |
Gina Glocksen (born July 4, 1984) is an American singer, who was the ninth-place finisher on the sixth season of American Idol. She was eliminated on April 4, 2007. She previously appeared in season 5. Glocksen is the first among the few contestants to have been eliminated in Hollywood round in an earlier season and then place in a later one.
Biography
She grew up in Tinley Park, Illinois, a southwest suburb of Chicago, and attended Virgil I. Grissom Jr. High School and Victor J. Andrew High School. Glocksen has been singing since age seven and she had classical music training in high school, where she learned to play the piano and flute. Glocksen tried out for the 5th season American Idol, but didn't make it to the Top 24.
Prior to her second audition for the 6th season of American Idol, Glocksen worked as a dental assistant in Worth, Illinois and also performed in the cover band Catfight.
She married science teacher/musician Joe Ruzicka on New Year's Eve 2008; Jordin Sparks served as one of her bridesmaids
American Idol
In Season 5, Glocksen auditioned in Chicago and sang "The Power of Love," which advanced her to Hollywood. In the first round of Hollywood auditions, Glocksen performed "If I Ever Fall In Love Again." She was eliminated on the final day of Hollywood auditions.
In Season 6, Glocksen had a second chance to audition on American Idol in Memphis. Her audition song was Black Velvet, and she made it again to Hollywood. During Hollywood week, she sang the song "Be My Baby" by the Ronettes, together with Perla Meneses, Jessica Gordon and Marisa Rhodes in group round. On the final day, she performed "Have You Ever Really Loved A Woman." Glocksen finally made into the Top 24, and then into the finals. She was voted off April 4, 2007, making her the ninth-place finalist. Like Chris Sligh and Stephanie Edwards before her, she was never in the bottom 3 or 2 until she was eliminated.
Performances during voting weeks
Post-Idol
Following her elimination, she appeared on Live with Regis and Kelly and The Ellen DeGeneres Show, where she performed "Alone" for Ellen. She also appeared on ME TV on Nickelodeon, although she did not sing.
After her duet with Phil Stacey during an Illinois show of the American Idols LIVE! Tour 2007, Gina's boyfriend of three years, Joe, appeared on stage and surprised her by proposing to her. Jordin Sparks and Haley Scarnato will reportedly serve as two of the eight bridesmaids at the wedding.
In season 7 of American Idol Gina worked as co-host on American Idol Extra together with Constantine Maroulis.
She is currently working on original material. One song 'When It Rains" has been performed on American Idol Extra.
Glocksen is playing shows in the Chicago area with her new band, The Gina Glocksen Band.
She has released on single, "Superhero" to iTunes on March 1, 2011, under a record label called "Wicked Lip Records."
EP
Glocksen has released an EP containing the four songs she sang while in the final 12 of American Idol, but it is no longer available for purchase on iTunes.
"Love Child" : 3:05
"Paint It Black" : 3:28
"I'll Stand By You" : 4:03
"Smile" : 2:46
References
External links
The Gina Glocksen Band Website
1984 births
Living people
21st-century American singers
American Idol participants
Singers from Illinois
People from Tinley Park, Illinois
Women rock singers
21st-century American women singers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gina%20Glocksen |
Benjamin Ray Bailey (born October 30, 1970) is an American comedian.
He is best known for hosting the Emmy Award-winning game show Cash Cab in New York City.
Early life
Bailey was born in Bowling Green, Kentucky, and raised in Chatham Borough, New Jersey.
He was born the younger of two siblings.
He graduated in 1988 from Chatham Borough High School as part of the school's 76th and final graduating class.
He attended Old Dominion University in Norfolk, Virginia, before moving to Los Angeles in 1993.
Standing at , he was offered a job as a bouncer for The Comedy Store after bumming a cigarette from a man in the parking lot.
Career
According to Bailey, he was telling stories with some comedians after hours at The Comedy Store when Skip E. Lowe, who was emceeing at the club, found his stories humorous and offered him an opportunity at stand-up.
Bailey is the host of the American version of Cash Cab, a TV game show played in a taxicab that Bailey drives around New York City, broadcast on the Discovery Channel and Bravo.
He also recently made an appearance on the new Shovio.com's TalkBackTV. He narrated the Discovery Channel's series Smash Lab.
From 2011 to 2012, Bailey was the host of Who's Still Standing? on NBC. On May 13, 2012, it was announced that the show would not be renewed for a second season due to high production costs.
He does television commercials for Michigan electric/natural gas company DTE Energy & ALDI.
Personal life
Bailey lives in Morristown, New Jersey.
He met his ex-wife, Laurence, in a pub in Morristown in the 1990s.
The couple married in 1997 and divorced in 2012. They have two children.
Bailey is a licensed taxi driver in New York City.
Awards
As the host of Cash Cab, Ben received Daytime Emmy nominations in 2007, 2008, 2009, 2010, 2011, 2012 & 2013 for "Outstanding Game Show Host", winning in 2010, 2011 & 2013.
The show took home honors at the Daytime Emmy awards for Best Game Show in 2008, 2009, and 2010.
Appearances
30 Rock (2010)
After the Catch (2009)
Aspen Comedy Arts Festival in 2002/2004
Bad Meat as an FBI agent
Bertcast #331 with Bert Kreischer
Blue Bloods S11E13 (2021)
Brain Games (National Geographic)
Caroline and Friends (2018)
Cash Cab - host of U.S. version (2005–2012, 2017–2020)
Comedy Central Presents
Delivery Man (2013)
Don't Shoot The Pharmacist
The Haney Project: Ray Romano
Friends of the People (2015)
Hope & Faith
The Knights of Prosperity
Last Call with Carson Daly
The Late Late Show with Craig Ferguson
Law & Order: Special Victims Unit
MADtv
Premium Blend on Comedy Central
Road Rage and Accidental Ornithologist
Smash Lab - narrator (2nd season)
They're Made Out of Meat
The Tonight Show with Jay Leno
The Today Show (April 2, 2008)
Tough Crowd with Colin Quinn
Unforgettable S04E09 (January 2016)
Who's Still Standing? - host
The World Stands Up
References
External links
1970 births
American game show hosts
American male comedians
American podcasters
American stand-up comedians
American taxi drivers
Chatham High School (New Jersey) alumni
Daytime Emmy Award for Outstanding Game Show Host winners
Living people
Old Dominion University alumni
People from Bowling Green, Kentucky
People from Chatham Borough, New Jersey
21st-century American comedians
Comedians from Kentucky
Comedians from New Jersey
Discovery Channel people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ben%20Bailey |
Bluff Swamp (, ) is located in northwest Ascension Parish, Louisiana. The potential site covers 2,208 acres (8.9 km2). About 1,240 acres (5.0 km2) of the Bluff Swamp area make up the Bluff Swamp Wildlife Refuge.
Swamps of Louisiana
Landforms of Ascension Parish, Louisiana | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bluff%20Swamp |
The Rahanweyn (Reewin Northern Somali: Raxaweyn, ), also known as the Digil and Mirifle () are a major Somali clan. It is one of the major Somali clans in the Horn of Africa, with a large territory and densely populated fertile valleys of the Jubba and Shebelle rivers and the area between are mainly inhabited by settlers from the Digil and Mirifle lineages.
Etymology
Anthropologists and northern Somalis have helped coin the term Rahanweyn. The name is said to be a combination of Rahan (grindstone) and Weyn (large) which means (large grindstone) suggesting the name's semantic relation to the Reewin economy. Another more interesting term is said to combine the names of Rahan (crowd) and Weyn (large) which means (literally 'crowd-big' or the large crowds) indicating that the Reewin clans are a confederation of diverse Somali clans that migrated elsewhere.
However, all these definitions are based on the Northern Somali dialect rather than the southern Somali dialect therefore these definitions should be deemed inaccurate. The name is correctly pronounced Reewin which can be divided into Ree (family) and Wiin (old) which means (old family). This name is a reference to the Reewin ancient origins which might indicate that they might have been the first Somali group to migrate to modern-day Somalia whilst the rest of the Somali clans slowly began to diverge and develop their own unique distinct dialects. Another theory states that the name Rahanweyn derives from the name of the ancestor of all Rahanweyn clans, one Ma'd or Mohammed Reewin.
Overview
Each of the two subclans of the Rahanweyn comprises a great number of clans and sub-clans. The Digil sub-clan mainly consists of farmers and coastal people, while the Mirifle are predominantly agro-pastoralists.
According to constitutional law, Somalis are linguistically grouped into Mai Terreh and Maxaa Tiri. The vast majority of the Somalis who speak Mai Terreh (also known as Mai-Mai or Af-Maay) are the Rahanweyn who descend from Sab, while the speakers of Maxaa Tiri (i.e. most spoken Somali) belong to other clans (Darod, Dir, Hawiye and Isaaq) who descend from Samaale. Both Sab and Samaale are believed to have been fathered by Hiil (ancestral father of all Somalis).
Rahanweyn clans contain a high number of adopted members, with British anthropologist I. M. Lewis describing the Rahanweyn as a "synthesis of old cultivating stock, and more recent and once nomadic immigrants from the other Somali clans", with almost every Somali lineage having some off-shoot living among them. This practice allows newcomers to integrate into resident clans in a pleasant manner. Furthermore, in riverine places such as Lower Shabelle or the Juba region, it adds to the complexity of lineage identity.
Distribution
The clan resides in rich fertile lands in southern Somalia and lives on the banks of Somalia's two major rivers, the Shebelle and Jubba rivers. The Rahanweyn make up the majority in the southwestern regions of Bay, Bakool, and Lower Shabelle. They are also believed to be the silent majority in Jubbaland specifically in regions such as Gedo, Middle Juba, and Lower Juba. They are the second-largest clan to reside in Mogadishu. They are also found in the Somali Region of Ethiopia and the North Eastern Province of Kenya.
History
Antiquity
Reewin groups were the first Somali/Cushitic group to enter what is the southern part of modern-day Somalia, around the end of the second century B.C
The Rahanweyn clan were mentioned as the people of Reewin who lived in the fertile lands and coastal provinces and were very wealthy and powerful people during the antiquity period in southern Somalia. They were said to be a sub-group of Barbara or Barbaroi people ancestors of the Somali people.
Tunni Sultanate
The Tunni Sultanate (r. 9th century - 13th century) was a Somali Muslim Sultanate located in southwestern Somalia, south of the Shabelle river. It was ruled by the Tunni Rahanweyn people, who spoke the Af-Tunni. The historical Tunni area correspondence to modern-day Lower Shabelle region Barawa founded by a Tunni saint called Aw-Ali and became the new capital for the Tunni Sultanate. The town prospered and became one of the major Islamic centers in the Horn, the Barawaani Ulama, attracting students from all over the region. Muslim scholars of that time, such as Ibn Sa'id, wrote about Barawa as "an Islamic island on the Somali coast." Al-Idrisi also described the construction of the coral houses and noted that Barawa was full of both domestic and foreign commodities. The Ajuran would take over the region and end the Tunni Sultanate.
Ajuran Sultanate
Along with Hawiye, Rahanweyn clan also came under the Ajuran Empire control in the 13th century that governed much of southern Somalia and eastern Ethiopia, with its domain extending from Hobyo in the north, to Qelafo in the west, to Kismayo in the south.
Geledi Sultanate
At the end of the 17th century, the Ajuran Sultanate was on its decline, and various vassals were now breaking free or being absorbed by new Somali powers. One of these powers was the Geledi Sultanate which was established by Ibrahim Adeer a former Ajuran general that successfully pushed the imperial Ajuran army out of Afgooye. He subsequently established the Geledi sultanates ruling house, the Gobroon dynasty, after having first defeated the Ajuran vassal state, the Silcis Kingdom.
The Geledi Sultanate was a Rahanweyn Kingdom ruled by the noble Geledi clan which held sway over the Jubba and Shabelle rivers in the interior and the Benadir coast. The Geledi Sultanate dominated the East African trade and had enough power to force the southern Arabians to pay tribute to the noble Geledi Rulers like Sultan Yusuf Mahamud.
Administration and military
The Sultanate of Geledi exerted a strong centralized authority during its existence and possessed all of the organs and trappings of an integrated modern state: a functioning bureaucracy, a hereditary nobility, titled aristocrats, a taxing system, a state flag, as well as a professional army. The great sultanate also maintained written records of their activities, which still exist.
The Geledi Sultanate's main capital was at Afgooye where the rulers resided in the grand palace. The kingdom had a number of castles, forts and other variety of architectures in various areas within its realm, including a fortress at Luuq and a citadel at Bardera.
The Geledi army numbered 20,000 men in times of peace, and could be raised to 50,000 troops in times of war. The supreme commanders of the army were the Sultan and his brother, who in turn had Malaakhs and Garads under them. The military was supplied with rifles and cannons by Somali traders of the coastal regions that controlled the East African arms trade.
Trade
The kingdom maintained a vast trading network, trading with Arabia, Persia, India, Near East, Europe and the Swahili World, dominating the East African trade, and was a regional power.
In the case of the Geledi, wealth accrued to the nobles and to the Sultanate not only from the market cultivation which it had utilized from the Shebelle and Jubba valleys but also trade from their involvement in the slave trade and other enterprises such as ivory, cotton, iron, gold, among many other commodities. Generally, they also raised livestock animals such as cattle, sheep, goats, and chicken.
Modern
Italian Protectorate
The Geledi Sultanate was eventually incorporated into Italian Somaliland Protectorate in 1908 by the Geledi ruler: Osman Ahmed who signed multiple treaties with the Italian colonials and the Kingdom ended with the death of Osman Ahmed in 1910.
Hizbi Dhigil & Mirifle
The Hizbi Dhigil & Mirifle (1947–1969) was a Somali political party formed by members of the Rahanweyn clan however Jeilani Sheikh Bin Sheikh was the first to be elected as the leader of (HDMS) and was among the first to call for Federalism in Somalia. It had its roots in the 1920s as the Hizbiya Dastur Mustaqil Al Sumal which was formed as an anti colonial organization that educated the inter riverine peoples and provided health and other charitable motions. Later the Hizbi Dhigil & Mirifle formed in 1947 and would be the main opposition party winning the 2nd most seats in parliament after the Somali Youth League. Its main goals were to advocate for the Digil and Mirifle peoples of Somalia and a true census of the Somali Republic. The party also pushed for improving agricultural and animal husbandry practices.
Political Marginalization and Land Seizures
During the fight for independence, political parties were based on clan interest though these organizations claimed to act in the national interest and were against clan division. Thus, the anti-clan stance was an act in order to promote their clan interest. For example, the non-Rahanweyn, mainly Darod and Hawiye who dominated the Somali administration previously but who had already lived in tranquillity and harmony with Rahanweyn, declared the former pre-colonial loyalty of geeko mariidi (old days). Anti-clan laws were approved at independence that violated traditional land rights allowed the non-Rahanweyn to acquire gains at the expense of Rahanweyn. Under the disguise of nationalism, they promoted Darood and Hawiye interests. When Rahanweyn had political and numerical dominance in the interiverine region there was a petition to divide the region into nine provinces, only two remained in Rahanweyn's political control while the rest was Darood-led. This was supposedly a national development that turned out to be a hegemonic act and was aggravated by the Cooperative Development in 1974 under president Siad Barre when Rahanweyn land's was seized and annexed under an eminent domain law. The state farms thus used the Rahanweyn as labourers, but were managed by Darood and only promoted Darood interest, not the nation's interest.
Historically Jubbaland was Rahanweyn's stronghold and prior to Italian colonization, the region was ruled by Geledi Sultanate. In 1975, Mohammed Siad Barre, a member of the Marehan sub-clan of the Darood, created six different regions called Lower Juba, Middle Juba, Gedo, Bay, Bakool and Lower Shabelle for political reasons to favour the Darod and to weaken the Rahanweyn's political influence in the south. The Marehan were rewarded political powers to lead the Gedo region, Ogaden were rewarded political powers to lead the Middle Juba region, Harti, were rewarded political powers to lead the Lower Juba region, and finally, the Hawiye were rewarded political powers to lead Lower Shabelle. The major Rahanweyn historic towns located on the Jubba River such as Dolow, Luuq, Burdhubo, Bardheere, Saakow, Bu'ale, Jilib, Jamame and Kismayo, thus lost their Rahanweyn identity. The Rahanweyn were only positioned in the landlocked Bay region.
Report of the Nordic fact-finding mission to the Gedo region in Somalia states:
According to Abdirshakar Othawai, extensive settlement by the Marehan clans in the Gedo region had been going on for some considerable time. Back in 1977-1980, the Ogaden War between Somalia and Ethiopia triggered large movements of people, with many Marehan members being transferred from Ethiopia to Luuq and Burdhubo in particular.
The Somali government at the time, headed by Siad Barre, assisted Marehan settlers in Gedo with farm implements, among other facilities, while a Japanese NGO tried to persuade the Rahanweyn clans to accept the new Marehan settlers, arguing in particular that this time was a temporary arrangement. The Marehan settlers were at present living in those areas with the Rahanweyne clans being squeezed out there as a result.
The civil war in Somalia in the 1900s promoted most of the Gabaweyn sub-clan of Rahanweyn to leave the Gedo region and go to live in Kenya and Ethiopia. This enabled the Marehan clans finally to secure political power in the Gedo region. Abdullahi Sheikh Mohamed, of the UNOPS SRP, regarded that seizer of power as the culmination of a long-term strategy by the president at the time, Siad Barre with the Gedo region being established back in 1974 in order to create a regional base for the Marehan clans.
A similar fashion was happening in the Lower and Middle Juba regions where during the Ogaden War a huge number of Ogaden refugees were being resettled in Middle Jubba and during the famine crisis in northeast Somalia, the Harti clans were being resettled in Lower Jubba.
Civil War and South West State
During the civil war, the less aggressive and peaceful Rahanweyn suffered the most out of any clan in Somalia. General Morgan the nephew of Siad Barre unified the Darood factions in Jubbaland and founded the Somali National Front and waged war against the self-declared president Mohamed Farrah Aidid who led the Hawiye militia known as the United Somali Congress. The Darood and Hawiye militia used Rahanweyn lands as their battleground and conducted all kinds of human rights violations against the indigenous population in the interiverine region. In the Bay province, the Marehan militia members targeted women as means of genocide against the Rahanweyn clan. Barre had planned to resettle Darood clans in the area and made secret plans with his son-in-law General Morgan to exterminate the Rahanweyn clan. In fact, this had been a long-term aim as evidence pointed out in the infamous documents "death letter one" and "death letter two" of 1987. In these Morgan proposed the idea for the annihilation of both the Isaaq in the north and the Rahanweyn in the south. Apart from the massacres, general Morgan used other kinds of cruel and barbarous methods such as using starvation as his key tactic by plundering NGO warehouses, raiding convoys, and a host of other schemes to prevent food aid from reaching the Rahanweyn. Given the outcome of the mortality rate, (40% of the population, including 70% of the children) his attempts to prevent food aid, steadily kill the survivors, and colonize the lands with his own clan, could be concluded that there was a deliberate effort to destroy the Rahanweyn. At the same time the self-declared president Mohamed Farrah Aidid and forces loyal to him were the more powerful armed militia occupied Rahanweyn dominated regions such as Bay, Bakool and Lower Shabelle in the guise of liberation against Siad Barre regime forces. The Habar Gidir militia in Lower Shabelle overstayed, began illegally settling by looting properties and farmlands and using the local Digil population as labour similar to Darood clans in Jubbaland.
According to the researcher and analyst, Muuse Yuusuf states:
During the rebellion against General Siad Barre's regime, there were some Rahanweyn rebel groups, such as the SDM. However, they were not strong militarily and their political elite did not have access to the state military arsenal like the high-ranking military leaders of other Hawiye, Darood, and Isaaq factions who looted state arsenal. Rahanweyn elites did not also have an economic power base and a diaspora community to support their movement, factors that helped other factions. They were also divided among themselves, supporting different rebel groups. For example, SDM had to ally itself with the USC's different factions to eject remnants of president Siad Barre's forces from their lands. Indeed, clans elders from these regions asked general Aideed to help them liberate their land from forces loyal to president Siad Barre, which were committing atrocities in the region. As it turned out, General Aideed's USC faction betrayed them politically when its militiamen occupied Rahanweyn regions under the pretext that they had liberated them from the 'fallen' regime.
Therefore, at the collapse of the military dictatorship, Rahanweyn clans and small non-Somali ethnic groups found themselves defenseless and trapped between marauding Hawiye and Darood factions in what became known as the 'triangle of death' in which Baidoa, the capital city of the Bay region, became the city of death. They suffered most when up to 500,000 people starved to death because of the destruction of the farmlands and properties and confiscation of farms by the warring factions. And also because of what was described as 'genocidal policy' under which Hawiye and Darood factions were determined to exterminate Rahanweyns. If you compare Rahanweyn's experience with any other clan's experience, it becomes obvious that they were not only marginalized throughout Somali history but also suffered more than any other clan during the civil war as hundreds of thousands of people died because of the conflict and other war-related causes.
At the beginning of the year 1993, the constant war and communal suffering the Rahanweyn endured, the Rahanweyn community came to the realization that they shared the same history and experience of political marginalization and victimization throughout modern Somali history, had emerged. By March 1993, Somali Democratic movement organized a peacemaking conference to unite the riverine clans which were held in Bonkain town in the Bay province. By 1994. Rahanweyn were successful in establishing their own administrations and Baidoa was no longer considered the city of famine. In 1995, Rahanweyn held a congress in Baidoa to promote their interest by uniting the interiverine communities and demanding an autonomous regional state. The vision was ambitious and consisted of six administrative regions of Bay, Bakool, Lower Shabelle, Middle Juba, Lower Juba, and Gedo under this project the Rahanweyn were regarded as the rightful majority in these regions. However, despite this project sounding good to the interiverine clans, there were still some challenges lying ahead for example the Rahanweyn traditional territories were still being occupied by Darood and Hawiye militias and massive displacement of the indigenous people had disturbed the region's socio-political and local businesses. It wasn't until late 1995 where the Rahanweyn Resistance Army was founded to liberate the Rahanweyn lands and launched a series of military campaigns against Aidid's militiamen. By 1999, RRA forces successfully drove out the Habar Gidir fighters from the Bay, Bakool, and Lower Shabelle regions. The next target was Jubbaland and to expel the illegal settlers that came in the time of the military dictator Siad Barre. However, the plan was halted in 2000 when the transitional national government was established. Both the Hawiye and Darood clans feared Rahanweyn's growing political ambition and complained to the international community to pressure the Rahanweyn to accept the current status quo. Nevertheless, the Rahanweyn communities were finally pleased they managed to establish their own autonomous state in the year 2002 and reaffirmed their autonomy from the hegemonic Darood and Hawiye factions. To them, they ultimately remembered their long-held dream for an autonomous federal state which their ancestors had advocated for in the early 1950s. The creation of the RRA and the declaration of the Southwest State of Somalia was an indicator of the clan's victory over the dominant factions, originating from far away places like the central regions. By establishing their own state and army, the Rahanweyn clan positioned themselves to be a force to be reckoned with. A country that was already split along clan-based states. This historical action was nothing more than a coping mechanism that came about in the civil war just like the Isaaq and Majerteen that formed their own autonomous states.
The Rahanweyn Resistance Army founded the autonomous state known as South West State of Somalia which was able to establish its own government, economy, army and flag. The Southwest state was credited as an important pillar of stability in southern Somalia.
Clan tree
The following listing is taken from the World Bank's Conflict in Somalia: Drivers and Dynamics from 2005 and the United Kingdom's Home Office publication, Somalia Assessment 2001.
Rahanweyn
Digil
Geledi
Begedi
Dabare
Tunni
Jiddu
Garre
Mirifle
Sagaal
Jilible
Eylo
Gasaargude
Gawaweyn
Geeladle
Luwaay
Hadame
Yantaar
Hubeer
Sideed
Leysan
Hariin
Eelay
Jiroon
Waanjel
Haraw
Maalinweyn
Disow
Eemid
Qoomaal
Yeledle
Qamdi
Garwaale
Reer Dumaal
Helledy
In the south central part of Somalia the World Bank shows the following clan tree:
Rahanweyn
Digil
Geledi
Jiddo
Begedi
Christian Bader lists the principal Digil and Rahanweyn subclans as follows:
Sab
Amarre
Daysame
Digil
Maad
Rahanweyn
Jambaluul
Midhifle
Begedi
Aleemo
Maatay
Irroole
Dabarre
'Ali Jiidu
Dubdheere
Waraasiile
Tikeme
Duubo
Digiine
Iise Tunni
Notable Rahanweyn people
Sheikh Aden Mohamed Noor Madobe, current Speaker of the Federal Parliament of Somalia.
Ibrahim Adeer, first sultan of the Geledi Sultanate
Uways al-Barawi, famous Islamic saint and a religious leader who rebelled the Italians on the Benadir coast.
Abdiqadir Sakhawuddin Sheikh Uweys, Founder of the SYL and grandson of Sheikh Uweys al-Barawi.
Jeilani Sheikh Bin Sheikh leading representative, 1st president of Hisbia Digil Mirifle, Somalia's second largest political party.
Aden Mohamed Noor (Aden Saran-Sor), Former Minister for finance and current MP.
Abdulcadir Muhammed Aden, Former Speaker of Parliament, Minister of Finance and leader of Hisbia Digil Mirifle
Osman Ahmed, fifth and final Geledi sultan and defeated both the Dervish and Ethiopian Empire in battle during his reign
Abdallah Deeroow, former Minister of Constitutional Affairs of the Transitional National Government
Abdiaziz Hassan Mohamed (Laftagareen), current president of Southwest state of Somalia.
Ibrahim Hussein Abdirahman Fuutjeele, Somali social activist and the social positivism union and Somali pressure group founder.
Muhammad Ibrahim Habsade, former rebel and Minister Agriculture in the Transitional Federal Government
Abdihakim Haji-Faqi, former Minister of Defence of Somalia
Mohamed Hamud, Minister of Defence of Somalia
Sharif Hassan, former speaker of Somali Parliament, former deputy Prime Minister and Finance Minister, first president of Southwest State of Somalia
Sheikh Mukhtar Mohamed Hussein, former Speaker of Parliament and interim President of Somalia
Mahamud Ibrahim, second sultan of Geledi who militarized the state and successfully repelled an Oromo invasion and Arab pirates
Mohamed Ibrahim, former Minister of the Transitional National Government
Osman Ibrahim, former deputy minister of labor and social affairs and current deputy minister of water and energy
Yusuf Mahamud Ibrahim, third sultan of the Geledi, presided over the Geledi golden age
Mohamed Jawari, former Speaker of the Federal Parliament of Somalia
Abdi Kusow, professor of Sociology at Iowa State University.
Saredo Mohamed ( Maadker) Abdallah, an influential Member of the Federal Parliament of Somalia.
Sheikh Mukhtar Robow Ali (Abu Mansur), Minister of Religion affairs and former member and spokesman for Al Shabaab (2007-2013).
Mustafa Mohamed Moalim (Mustafa Maxamed Macalin), first fighter pilot in Somalia, Chief of Somali Air Force School and Chief of Somali Air
Mohamed Haji Mukhtar, professor of African and Middle Eastern History at Savannah State University
Abdullahi Haji Hassan Mohamed Nuur, former Foreign Minister of Somalia, and former Minister of Agriculture and Livestock
Hasan Shatigaduud, former chairman of the Rahanweyn Resistance Army, former Finance Minister, first President of Southwestern
Abbas Siraji, former Minister of Public Works and Reconstruction
Mohamud Siraji, Member of Parliament and Chair of the Committee on Budget, Finance, Planning and Oversight of Government Financial institutions
Ahmed Yusuf, fourth Geledi sultan and powerful successor of Yusuf.
Abdikadir Mohamed Noor, Minister of Defense, Somalia.
Abdikadir Sheikh Hassan, former Speaker of Mandera County Assembly and prominent lawyer.
Abdullahi Adan Ahmed (Black), current MP, former Minister of Transportation, Southwest and RRA veteran.
See also
Somali aristocratic and court titles
Geledi Sultanate
South West State of Somalia
Notes
References
Somali clans | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rahanweyn |
Ladislav Fuks (September 24, 1923 in Prague – August 19, 1994 in Prague) was a Czech novelist. He focused mainly on psychological novels, portraying the despair and suffering of people under German occupation of Czechoslovakia.
Fuks was born in Prague on September 24, 1923, the son of Vaclav Fuks (a police officer) and Marie Frycková Fuksová. He studied the Gymnasium in Truhlářšká ulice, where he also first witnessed Nazi persecution of his Jewish friends. In 1942 he was forced to be a caretaker in Hodonín, as a part of the Arbeitseinsatz.
Later he studied philosophy, psychology and art history at the Philosophical faculty of Charles University in Prague, where, in 1949, he received a doctorate. After his studies, he was a member of the National heritage administration and after 1959 he worked in the national gallery. He became a professional writer in the 1960s. He attracted much attention with his debut work, Pan Theodor Mundstock (Mr. Theodore Mundstock), published in 1963, and a year later with his short story collection Mí černovlasí bratři (My dark-haired brothers).
During the communist period, Fuks said he "preferred to choose conciliatoriness and toleration over reckless defiance and courage to fall in the resistance" (). Some of his work from the 1970s is strongly linked to the era in which it was created; for example, Návrat z žitného pole (The Return from the Rye Field) is a novel targeted against emigration after the 1948 communist coup. He was also a member of the socialist Union of Czech Writers (). Although he obtained some international recognition, in the last years of his life he was left alone and friendless. He died in 1994 in his Prague apartment in the Dejvice neighborhood, at Národní obrany no. 15.
List of works
Zámek Kynžvart (Castle Kynžvart) – 1958: A professional study
Pan Theodor Mundstock (Mr. Theodore Mundstock) -1963: The story of a Prague Jew who is in constant fear of deportation to the concentration camp. He tries to prepare himself—he sleeps on a wooden plank, tortures himself with hunger, and carries heavy things. He also lives through frequent hallucinations and conversations with his own shadow.
Mí černovlasí bratři (My dark-haired brothers) -1964: The story of a boy who loses all his Jewish friends through the occupation—a collection of short stories, marking their individual fates.
Variace pro temnou strunu (Variations for a dark string) -1966: The story of the life before the occupation of Czechoslovakia by the Germans through the eyes of a small boy. Reality mixes into a blend with ideas from fairy tales, stories and rumors the young boy hears from their family servant.
Spalovač mrtvol (Literally "The incinerator of corpses" or "The Cremator") -1967: A psychological horror story about a worker in a crematorium, who, through the influence of Nazi propaganda and oriental philosophy, becomes a maniac, and murders his entire family to "cleanse them" by death. It was made into a famous film with Rudolf Hrušínský as the main actor, co-written by Fuks.
Smrt morčete (The Death of a hamster) -1969: A collection of 10 balladic short stories with Jewish motifs.
Myši Natálie Mooshabrové (The mice of Natalia Mooshabr) -1970.
Příběh kriminálního rady (The tale of a criminal counsel) -1971.
Oslovení ze tmy (Addressing from the darkness) -1972
Nebožtíci na bále (The Deceased at a ball) -1972
Návrat z žitného pole (The return from the rye field) -1974
Mrtvý v podchodu (March of the dead) -1976
Pasáček z doliny (The (little) herdsman from the lowland) -1977 *
The word herdsman is in the original in the form that would suggest a child)
Křišťálový pantoflíček (The Crystal slipper) -1978.
Obraz Martina Blaskowitze (The Picture of Martin Blaskowitz) -1980.
Vévodkyně a kuchařka (The Duchess and the (female) cook) -1983.
Cesta do zaslíbené země (Journey to the promised land) -1990
Moje zrcadlo (My mirror) -1995: Memoirs, published posthumously.
References
External links
Information on Works
Biographical Information
Czech male novelists
Charles University alumni
Gay novelists
Writers from Prague
1923 births
1994 deaths
Czech gay writers
Czech LGBT novelists
Czech short story writers
Gay memoirists
Male short story writers
Psychological fiction writers
Czechoslovak World War II forced labourers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ladislav%20Fuks |
The Colony of Vancouver Island, officially known as the Island of Vancouver and its Dependencies, was a Crown colony of British North America from 1849 to 1866, after which it was united with the mainland to form the Colony of British Columbia. The united colony joined Canadian Confederation, thus becoming part of Canada, in 1871. The colony comprised Vancouver Island and the Gulf Islands of the Strait of Georgia.
Settlement of the island
Captain James Cook was the first European to set foot on the Island at Nootka Sound in 1778, during his third voyage. He spent a month in the area, claiming the territory for Great Britain. Fur trader John Meares arrived in 1786 and set up a single-building trading post near the native village of Yuquot (Friendly Cove), at the entrance to Nootka Sound in 1788. The fur trade began expanding across the island; this would eventually lead to permanent settlement.
Sovereignty dispute
The Spanish Empire also explored the area. Commandant Esteban José Martínez built a fort at Friendly Cove on Vancouver Island in 1789 and seized some British ships, claiming sovereignty. The fort was re-established in 1790 by Francisco de Eliza and a small community was built around it. Ownership of the island remained in dispute between Spain and Britain.
In 1792 Captain George Vancouver arrived to meet with Spanish Comdt. Juan Francisco de la Bodega y Quadra but their lengthy negotiations failed to produce a decision on the competing claims of ownership. The two countries nearly began a war over the issue; the confrontation became known as the Nootka Crisis. That was averted when both agreed to recognize the other's rights to the area in the first Nootka Convention in 1790, a first step to peace. Finally, the two countries signed the second Nootka Convention in 1793 and the third Convention in 1794. As per that final agreement, the Spanish dismantled their fort at Nootka and left the area, giving the British sovereignty over Vancouver Island and the adjoining islands (including the Gulf Islands).
Early British settlement
It was not until 1843 that Britain – under the auspices of the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) – established a settlement on Vancouver Island. In March of that year, James Douglas of the Hudson's Bay Company and a missionary had arrived and selected an area for settlement. Construction of the fort began in June of that year. This settlement was a fur trading post originally named Fort Albert (afterward Fort Victoria). The fort was located at the Songhees settlement of Camosack (Camosun), 200 metres northwest of the present-day Empress Hotel on Victoria's Inner Harbour.
In 1846, the Oregon Treaty was signed by the British and the U.S. to settle the question of the U.S. Oregon Territory borders. The Treaty made the 49th parallel latitude north the official border between the two countries. In order to ensure that Britain retained all of Vancouver Island and the southern Gulf Islands, however, it was agreed that the border would swing south around that area.
Colony
In 1849, the Colony of Vancouver Island was established. The colony was leased to the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) for ten years, at an annual fee of seven shillings. Thus in 1849, HBC moved its western headquarters from Fort Vancouver on the Columbia River (present day Vancouver, Washington) to Fort Victoria. Chief Factor James Douglas was relocated from Fort Vancouver to Fort Victoria to oversee the company's operations west of the Rockies.
The British colonial office designated the territory a Crown colony on 13 January 1849. Douglas was charged with encouraging British settlement. Richard Blanshard was named the colony's governor. Blanshard discovered that the hold of the HBC over the affairs of the new colony was all but absolute, and that it was Douglas who held all practical authority in the territory. There was no civil service, no police, no militia, and virtually every British colonist was an employee of the HBC. Frustrated, Blanshard abandoned his post a year later, returning to England. In 1851, his resignation was finalized, and the colonial office appointed Douglas as governor.
Douglas governorship
Douglas's situation as both the local chief executive of the Hudson's Bay Company (HBC) as well as the civil governor of the colony from whom the company had leased all rights, was barely tenable from the outset. Initially, Douglas performed the delicate balancing act well, raising a domestic militia and encouraging settlement. By the mid-1850s, the colony's non-aboriginal population was approaching 500, and sawmill and coal mining operations had been established at Fort Nanaimo and Fort Rupert (near present-day Port Hardy). Douglas also assisted the British government in establishing a naval base at present-day Esquimalt to check Russian and American expansionism.
Douglas's efforts at encouraging settlement were hampered by colonial officials in London, who gave preference to settlers who would bring out labourers with them to work the landholdings. The result was that emigration was slow, and the landless labourers frequently fled the colony either to obtain free land grants in the United States, or work the newly discovered goldfields of California. A secondary result was the replication of the British class system, with the attendant resistance to non-parochial education, land reform, and representative government.
At the time of the establishment of the colony, Vancouver Island had a large and varied First Nations population of upwards of 30,000. Douglas completed fourteen separate treaties with the various nations, or tribes. Under the terms of these treaties, known today as the Douglas Treaties, the nations were obliged to surrender title to all land within a designated area, with the exception of villages and cultivated areas, in perpetuity. They were also given permission to hunt and fish over unoccupied territories. For these concessions, the nations were given a one-time cash payment of a few shillings each.
As settlement accelerated, resentment towards the HBC's monopoly – both economic and civil – over the colony swelled. A series of petitions were sent to the colonial office, one of which resulted in the establishment of the Legislative Assembly of Vancouver Island in 1855. At first, little changed, given that only a few dozen men met the voting requirement of holding twenty or more acres. Moreover, the majority of the representatives were employees of the HBC. However, as time went on, the franchise was gradually extended, and the assembly began to assert demands for more control over colonial affairs and criticised Douglas's inherent conflict of interest.
By 1857, Americans and British colonists were beginning to respond to rumours of gold in the Thompson River area. Almost overnight, some ten to twenty thousand men moved into the interior of New Caledonia (mainland British Columbia), and Victoria was transformed into a tent-city of prospectors, merchants, land-agents, and speculators. Douglas – who had no legal authority over New Caledonia – stationed a gunboat at the entrance of the Fraser River to exert British authority by collecting licences from boats attempting to make their way upstream. To exert its legal authority, and undercut any HBC claims to the resource wealth of the mainland, the district was converted to a Crown colony on 2 August 1858, and given the name British Columbia. Douglas was offered the governorship of the new colony, on condition that he sever his relationship with the HBC. Douglas accepted these conditions, and a knighthood, and for the next six years would govern both colonies from Victoria.
The remainder of Douglas's term as Vancouver Island governor (until 1864) was marked by increased expansion of the economy and settlement, and greater agitation for both union of the two colonies and for the introduction of fully responsible government. It was also marked by occasional boundary disputes with the United States, the most significant of which was the San Juan Boundary Dispute in 1859. This resulted in a sometimes tense, twelve-year military standoff as the two countries garrisoned troops on San Juan Island. There was a second gold rush – the Cariboo Gold Rush – and again Victoria experienced an economic boom as the staging point for the prospectors.
The increased conflicts between Douglas and the reformers, such as Amor De Cosmos, along with the growing desire of colonists in British Columbia to have a resident governor in their capital of New Westminster resulted in the colonial office easing Douglas into retirement in 1864.
Union of Vancouver Island and British Columbia
Douglas was succeeded as governor in 1864 by Sir Arthur Edward Kennedy, a career colonial administrator who had previously served as governor of Sierra Leone and Western Australia. There was popular acclaim for the appointment of a governor free from ties with the HBC. The company had leased the island from Britain during 1849–1859 and still exerted a great deal of influence because the previous Governor, James Douglas was the executive officer of HBC.
After Arthur Kennedy was appointed Governor, his rule was initially met with suspicion and opposition by the colonial assembly, which feared the loss of Vancouver Island's status vis-à-vis the growing power of the mainland colony. It resisted the colonial office's request for the permanent appropriation for the civil list in return for control of the extensive Crown lands of the colony, and temporarily withheld salary and housing to Kennedy until they had achieved their aim. Kennedy met with further opposition by some in the assembly over the plan for the colony to unite with British Columbia. It was only when opponents were persuaded that such union would boost the colony's ailing economy that passage of the proposal was assured by the assembly.
Kennedy achieved some progress in breaking down the longstanding social barriers established over years of HBC hegemony. In 1865, the Common Schools Act funded public education. Kennedy also reformed the civil service, introduced auditing of the colonial budget, and improved revenue collection. Nonetheless, he continued to fail in his efforts to persuade the assembly to introduce the vote of a civil list, as well as enforcing various measures to protect the rights and well-being of the increasingly pressured aboriginal population. Despite his sympathy for the plight of neighbouring Indian peoples, Kennedy authorised naval bombardment of the Ahousahts of Clayoquot Sound in 1864 in reprisal for the murder of the crew of a trading vessel. Nine Ahousaht villages were destroyed, and thirteen people killed.
Fort Victoria became the City of Victoria in 1862 with Thomas Harris elected Mayor. With the colony's budget collapsing by 1865, and the assembly unwilling and unable to introduce proposals for raising revenue, Kennedy was barely able to keep the administration afloat. Pressure grew for amalgamation with the mainland Colony of British Columbia (which had been established in 1858).
The two colonies were merged in 1866 into the United Colonies of Vancouver Island and British Columbia by the Act for the Union of the colonies, passed by the Imperial Parliament. Kennedy was appointed governor of the united entity. (He would leave office in 1866 and later became Governor of the West African Settlements, British West Africa.) Victoria became the capital but the legislative assembly was located in New Westminster on the Lower Mainland. The capital was moved to Victoria in 1868.
Confederation
By 1867, Canadian Confederation was accomplished by the British North America Act, and the united colonies joined Canada on 20 July 1871. Victoria was named the capital of the province of British Columbia. Three delegates were appointed to the federal government.
Governors of Vancouver Island
Richard Blanshard, 1849–1851
Sir James Douglas, 1851–1864
Sir Arthur Kennedy, 1864–1866
Elections to the Legislative Assembly of Vancouver Island
1856 Vancouver Island Election
1860 Vancouver Island Election
1863 Vancouver Island Election
See also
Colony of British Columbia (1858–1866)
Colony of British Columbia (1866–1871)
Colony of the Queen Charlotte Islands
Former colonies and territories in Canada
History of British Columbia
List of governors of Vancouver Island and British Columbia
Postage stamps and postal history of British Columbia
Pugets Sound Agricultural Company
Territorial evolution of Canada after 1867
Further reading
Representative Government Established chapter, A History of British Columbia, R. Gosnell & E.O.S. Scholefield, British Columbia Historical Association (Vancouver 1913) pp. 115–128
Union and Confederation chapter, A History of British Columbia, R. Gosnell & E.O.S. Scholefield, British Columbia Historical Association (Vancouver 1913) pp. 193–210 – detailed account of issues and deliberations on colonial union and entry to Confederation
The Colony of Vancouver Island: 1849 to 1855. Bob Reid, The Scrivener, October 2003.
References
Colony of Vancouver Island
British North America
Former British colonies and protectorates in the Americas
States and territories established in 1849
19th century in British Columbia
Island countries
1849 establishments in Canada
1849 establishments in North America
1866 disestablishments in North America
States and territories disestablished in 1866
1866 disestablishments in the British Empire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colony%20of%20Vancouver%20Island |
MacHTTP is a webserver designed to run on the classic Mac OS versions 7.x through 9.x. It was written by software developer Chuck Shotton and was originally shareware; it dates from 1993; it is now available in source code form from SourceForge.net under the Perl Artistic License. The current version is 2.6.1. It is still used on some older Macintosh hardware. It was later commercialized as WebSTAR, sold originally by StarNine and later bought by Quarterdeck Software.
The program runs on Mac OS X under the Classic Environment, but has not been ported to run natively on Mac OS X (though an attempt was apparently underway in 2003 to do so). It has functionally been replaced with the Apache web server.
MacHTTP supports the Common Gateway Interface standard for generating dynamic content, as well as Apple Events for scriptability.
References
External links
The MacHTTP home page
The Sourceforge record for MacHTTP
Web server software
Macintosh-only software
Discontinued software | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/MacHTTP |
Larisa B. Spielberg Joeright (born December 22, 1980) is an American former competitive pair skater. With her husband, Craig Joeright, she is the 2002 Golden Spin of Zagreb champion and 2000 U.S. national bronze medalist.
Personal life
Spielberg was born on December 22, 1980, in Lansing, Michigan. She graduated from East Lansing High School in 1999 and later studied health sciences, with an emphasis on physical therapy, at Oakland University in Rochester, Michigan. She graduated from Wayne State University School Of Medicine in 2005.
Spielberg and Joeright announced their engagement in August 2003. Their twin daughters were born in 2012.
Career
Spielberg began learning to skate in 1990. A pairs coach, Johnny Johns, introduced her to Craig Joeright. Spielberg/Joeright teamed up in September 1996 at the Detroit Skating Club. Early in their partnership, they were coached by Johns, Mitch Moyer, and Jason Dungjen in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan.
Competing in the 1998–99 ISU Junior Grand Prix series, the pair won bronze in Mexico City, Mexico, and placed fifth in Budapest, Hungary.
During the 1999–2000 ISU Junior Grand Prix series, Spielberg/Joeright won silver in Ostrava, Czech Republic, and then took bronze in Nagano, Japan. They finished as third alternates for a spot at the JGP Final. In February, they competed in the senior ranks at the 2000 U.S. Championships and received the bronze medal. In March, they placed 13th at the 2000 World Junior Championships in Oberstdorf, Germany.
In 2001, Spielberg injured her left wrist and foot, causing the pair to withdraw from the Grand Prix series. Sergey Petrovskiy, Richard Callaghan, and Veronica Voyk became their coaches after Spielberg/Joeright relocated to the Onyx Skating Academy in Rochester, Michigan, in 2001.
Making their senior international debut, the pair placed fifth at the 2002 Nebelhorn Trophy and then won gold at the 2002 Golden Spin of Zagreb. They took the pewter medal at the 2003 U.S. Championships.
In their final season, Spielberg/Joeright competed at two senior Grand Prix events; they placed seventh at the 2003 Skate America and tenth at the 2003 Skate Canada International. They retired from competitive skating after placing sixth at the 2004 U.S. Championships.
Programs
(with Craig Joeright)
Competitive highlights
GP: Grand Prix; JGP: Junior Grand Prix
with Joeright
References
External links
1980 births
American female pair skaters
Living people
People from East Lansing, Michigan
21st-century American women
20th-century American women | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Larisa%20Spielberg |
Alena Vostrá (May 17, 1938, Prague – April 15, 1992, Prague) was a Czech novelist. One of her most popular works was A Matter of Days.
She was born as Rozená Obdržálková in Prague and in 1956, after graduating from the high school, studied engineering at Czech Technical University in Prague for two semesters, then stopped and started her studies at the Theatre Faculty of the Academy of Performing Arts in Prague (DAMU). In 1960, she was expelled for "individualism", but she was eventually allowed to continue with her studies. In 1962, she started to specialize in dramaturgy. In 1963, she married the author Jaroslav Vostrý. Vostrá started to publish in 1963 and won a state prize for her first book aimed at adults, Bůh z reklamy. She graduated in 1966.
Alena Vostrá wrote mainly theater pieces and screenplays, as well as fiction and fairy tales for children. In the theater pieces, her characters often encounter the grotesque reality of life. In prose, she often underlines connections between seemingly unimportant things.
Bibliography
Novels
Vodní bubláček Tarabka
Kdo nevěří, ať tam jede
Co dělá vítr, když nefouká
Pepibubu
Kouzelný oblázek
U nás ve Švandaluzii
Bůh z reklamy (1964)
Vlažná vlna (1966)
Všema čtyřma očima (1982)
Než dojde k vraždě (1985)
Výbuch bude v šest (1985)
Tanec na ledě (1988)
Médium (1991)
Benedikt Sluhou Barona Prasila (1997, posthumous)
Plays
Na koho to slovo padne (1967)
Na ostří nože (1968)
References
1938 births
1992 deaths
20th-century Czech writers
20th-century Czech women writers
Czech children's writers
Czech Technical University in Prague alumni
Czech screenwriters
Czech dramatists and playwrights
Dramaturges
Academy of Performing Arts in Prague alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alena%20Vostr%C3%A1 |
Atholville is a community in Restigouche County, New Brunswick, Canada. It held village status prior to 2023 but is now part of the city of Campbellton.
The first inhabitants of the area were the Mi'kmaq who settled there in the 6th century BC and were then called Tjikog. With 400 people, it was their biggest village and the only one permanently inhabited in the region. The Acadians arrived in 1750. It was at this time that the Mi'kmaq left the area and went to Listuguj in Quebec. The French defeat at the Battle of Restigouche on July 8, 1760, was damaging to the development of the settlement. The Intercolonial Railway, however, was inaugurated in 1876 and Anglophone merchants developed the forestry industry in the early 20th century. The village then experienced significant growth and was incorporated as a municipality in 1966. A shopping centre frequented by people from the whole region was established there from 1974. The forestry industry still plays an important role in the local economy.
History
Prehistory
Covered with ice during the Wisconsin glaciation, the Atholville district was probably released from the glaciers in about 13,000 BC. The Goldthwait Sea subsequently covered the coastal area, then gradually receded until around 8,000 BC. due to Post-glacial rebound.
The village Tjikog has been permanently inhabited since at least the 6th century BC. by the Mi'kmaqs. Tjikog was fortified by a piled wall and also had a cemetery. Tjikog was located in the district of Gespegeoag which included the coastline of Chaleur Bay: it was the only permanently inhabited village in the whole district. Before the arrival of Europeans the village had a population of between 400 and 500, making Tjikog the largest Mi'kmaq village. Mi'kmaq lifestyle was based on hunting seals and birds, fishing with harpoons, and collecting shellfish. The population lived along the river nearly all year. The emblem of Tjikog is the salmon.
The French period
In July 1534 Jacques Cartier entered Chaleur Bay up to the mouth of the Restigouche River. The French founded Acadia in 1604. Father Sebastian, a Recollect, was the first missionary to visit Tjikog in 1619 and he found a cross planted in front of a "hut of prayer". The Capuchins replaced the Recollects in 1624 and the Jesuits followed in the same year then the Recollects returned in 1661. The efforts of missionaries were initially focused on Cape Breton Island - where the capital of the Mi'kmaq was - then moved to Tjikog, which was regarded as the centre of Saint Anne worship in Mi'kmaq and Acadia. In 1642 Father André Richard lived in the village for six months. Chief Nepsuget was baptised in 1644 then 40 others in 1647. Increasingly frequent contacts with Europeans allowed the Mi'kmaqs to acquire things, especially those made from metal, in exchange for furs. However, diseases brought in by Europeans decimated much of the population from the 17th century.
Gespegeoag was first claimed by the Iroquois and then later only by the Mohawks. Oral tradition maintains, however, that in 1639 at the beginning of the Beaver Wars, a group of Mohawks from Kahnawake met Mi'kmaq fishermen in Long Island and, despite the warnings of his father, the son of the Mohawk Chief massacred the Mi'kmaqs sparing none but Chief Tonel. After his recovery Chief Tonel went to Kahnawake. Before executing the leaders of the attack, he exclaimed: Gotj Listo! meaning "disobey your father!". From this the village was renamed Listo Gotj on his return. Nicolas Denys established a store at Listo Gotj in 1647 but had to abandon it in 1650. Richard Denys, the son of Nicolas, obtained control of the land on the departure of his father to France in 1671. The missionary Chrétien Le Clercq lived in Listo Gotj in 1676 where he wrote his main texts on the Mi'kmaqs. Richard found a new occupation at Listo Gotj in 1679 or 1680 fishing and drying fish as well as the fur trade. In 1685 he gave land to the Recollects to open a mission. In 1688 there was a total of 17 Europeans living at Listo Gotj including 8 employees of Richard Denys. The French then maintained a trading post probably on the coast of Canada (New France).
The Denys family did not meet the conditions of their concession and it became crown land. The Lordship of Restigouche, 12 leagues long and 10 leagues wide, was given to Pierre Le Moyne d'Iberville in 1690. The Recollect concession was also revoked in 1690. Richard Denys bought the lordship in 1691 but died in the same year. Françoise Cailleteau, the widow of Denys, then married Pierre Ray-Gaillard and settled in Quebec. They rented part of the lordship but the area became abandoned and, apart from the Micmacs, there was no more than one Frenchman, one Canadian, and some half-caste children at Listo Gotj in 1724. The United Kingdom obtained control of Acadia in 1713 through the Treaty of Utrecht. The treaty was vague: the French thought they retained the territory now corresponding to New Brunswick while the British believed they had control. The Mi'kmaq left Listo Gotj for Listuguj on the north bank of the river in Quebec. Several sources place this event in 1745 while others mention 1759 and even 1770. The decision by the Mi'kmaq was related to the intrusion of Europeans into the heart of their village and their desire to move the Mi'kmaqs from a Protestant colony to a Catholic colony or rather to ensure that they remained faithful to the King of France.
The Acadians settled in Pointe-aux-Sauvages on the present site of Campbellton between 1750 and 1755 - the year of the start of the Expulsion of the Acadians. In 1753 the daughter of Françoise Cailleteau sold the lordship of Restigouche to one Bonfils from Quebec. In 1759, after the fall of Quebec, the colony begged France to send reinforcements. On 19 April 1760 six ships, under the command of François Chenard de la Giraudais, left Bordeaux carrying 400 men and food. Giraudais, on learning that a British fleet had penetrated into the Saint Lawrence River, decided to take refuge in the Restigouche River and set up batteries on its banks. The Battle of Restigouche took place east of the village from 3 to 8 July 1760. The British fleet outnumbered the French. Without reinforcements, Montreal surrendered on 8 September to the troops of Jeffery Amherst. The French troops at Restigouche surrendered on 23 October and were repatriated to France. The United Kingdom officially took possession of New France in 1763 by signing the Treaty of Paris. In 1764 Bonfils tried to gain recognition of his ownership of the lordship of Restigouche but it was refused under an Act of 1759 canceling all the concessions made under the French regime.
Under British rule until the constitution
After the French and Indian War British traders established pickling plants for salmon. Meanwhile, George Walker, from Bathurst, established a branch of his business in Walker Creek in 1768, on the site of Campbellton. Hugh Baillie obtained the first concession which he sold to Englishman John Shoolbred. Colonization was not, however, a priority and Shoolbred, not having built a school or street, lost his concession to an employee.
The Loyalists arrived in New Brunswick from 1783 but did not get concessions in the county. The Listo Gotj concession was granted to Samuel Lee in 1788 and since then the village became more developed than Campbellton. Samuel Lee also opened a sawmill at Walker Creek which was the first step towards the directing of the economy to logging. The Scotsman Robert Ferguson arrived in the area in 1796 and inherited the business of his brother Alexander. His thriving business contributed to the immigration of other Scots to the region. A chapel was built in 1810 in the old cemetery: it closed its doors in 1834. Around 1812 Robert Ferguson built boats at Listo Gotj. Part of the fleet, which had Ferguson aboard, was captured by American pirates during the War of 1812. After leaving his confinement Robert Ferguson built a store and a house named Athol House from which the village derives its modern name of Atholville. The 1825 Miramichi Fire destroyed much of the New Brunswick forests. The logging industry then moved northward and sawmills and shipyards were opened in Atholville and also in Campbellton from 1828. Meanwhile, in 1826 Atholville and several other places in the area were grouped into Addington Parish in Gloucester County from a portion of Beresford Parish. Restigouche County, comprising the parishes of Addington and Eldon was separated from Gloucester County in 1837.
Robert Ferguson was granted the concession for the territory in 1850. A school was opened at that time on Roseberry Street in Campbellton which served Atholville. This building sparked the development of the urban area towards Atholville in the west. The stocks of quality trees were exhausted in 1855 but fish canning and shingle factories opened. The Intercolonial Railway passed through the village in 1876 which represented a significant economic opportunity. Athol House was used as a weather station but was destroyed in a fire in 1894. The Shives company inaugurated the largest shingle works in the Maritime Provinces in 1901. The Mowatt and WH Miller mills became operational in 1902 and 1905 respectively. The first school was founded in 1905. The post office was founded in 1906. The church opened in 1909 - Atholville was then a mission of Campbellton. The parish of Our Lady of Lourdes was set up in 1913. The construction of the Fraser mill by the Restigouche Company began in 1919. The plant was inaugurated in 1928 and became the third largest paper producer in the north of the province in 1929. Atholville high school opened its doors in 1930. The Daughters of Mary of the Assumption settled in 1934. The credit union was founded in 1938. The local improvement committee was founded in 1947. A waterworks and sewer were inaugurated in 1950. The Versant-Nord school was inaugurated in 1951 in the same year as the fire station. The Brothers of the Sacred Heart settled in the village in 1956. The J. C. Van Horne Bridge was inaugurated in 1961 in Campbellton which enabled faster travel to Quebec and contributed much to the economy. Radio Engineering Products opened a factory around 1963.
From the Constitution to the present day
On 9 November 1966 the Municipality of the County of Restigouche was dissolved and Atholville was incorporated as a village. The rest of Addington Parish became a local service district in 1967. The municipal library opened its doors in the same year. A merger of Atholville with Richardsville and Campbellton was studied in 1971. but only the latter two were merged. Mayor Raymond Lagacé, who was elected in the same year, was one of the main opponents of municipal mergers. The Sugarloaf Provincial Park was opened for winter sports in 1971 and officially opened the following year. The province then saw a "golden age" of tourist development. The Restigouche Centre, a shopping centre, was built in 1974. A Community pool, offered by the Royal Canadian Legion, opened in 1975. Residential development in Saint-Louis street started in 1976. The Royal Canadian Legion got a new hall in 1977. The Fraser factory in Atholville and the NBIP Dalhousie plant each received $30 million in 1980 for modernization works. In total $170 million was invested in Atholville to convert the plant processes from bisulphate to magnesium.
The Northeast Pine company, a furniture manufacturer, closed its plant in the early 1980s and the municipality obtained ownership of the plant in 1987 to create an industrial mall. The paper industry was in crisis in the same year and Fraser separated the Atholville mill into an independent company: Atholville Pulp. The factory achieved profit in subsequent years. In 1988 the Atholville industrial park was the most used in the north of the province. The Atholville Pulp plant however closed in 1991. A pumping station was built in 1993. The Fraser company sold the Atholville Pulp factory to Repap in 1994. Repap wanted to produce methanol but market conditions forced it to abandon its plans and to close the plant in 1996 after producing pulp for only six months. Atholville Manor opened in 1998. The Fils Atlantique textile spinning mill (Atlantic Yarns) opened in the industry mall in the late 1990s.
Miller Brae park was inaugurated in 2000. A new public library was built in 2002. A new reservoir was installed in 2005. Fills Atlantique closed for 10 months in 2008 mainly because of the global recession and large debts. A recovery plan was accepted during the same year but the company finally declared bankruptcy in 2009. The Atholville Credit Union merged with the Campbellton, Balmoral, Val-d'Amour, Charlo, Eel River Crossing, and Kedgwick Credit Unions in 2009 to form the Restigouche Credit Union. From October 2010 to January 2012 the Versant-Nord school has some students from the Roland-Pépin Universal school in Campbellton during some emergency work being done on their school as the structure was dangerous. Mayor Raymond Lagacé retired from municipal politics in 2012 after 43 years, including 41 at the town hall: he was the longest-serving mayor in New Brunswick. The disused textile mill was purchased in 2014 by the Zenabis company to produce medical marijuana.
On 1 January 2023, Atholville became part of the city of Campbellton. The community's name remains in official use.
Toponymy
The village originally had the name Tjikog but the spellings Tjigog Jugugw, Tchigouk, and Tzigog also exist. Tjikog means "a place of superior men" in Mi'kmaq.
According to oral tradition in 1639 the village was renamed Listo Gotj by Chief Tonel. The exact meaning of the place name is unknown although Father Pacifique de Valigny suggested the meaning "disobey your father!". There are many other translations: "a river dividing like a hand", "a fun place in spring", "river of the long war", "small forest", "small tree", "theatre of the great squirrel quarrel", "good river for canoeing", "beautiful river like five fingers", "five branches", or "many branches". In 1642 Barthélemy Vimont was the first to make a written record of the name Restigouche in reference to Chaleur Bay. In 1672 Nicolas Denys was the first to mention the use of the name in connection with the village, in his Geographical and historical description of the coasts of North America, with the natural history of this country. According to Father Pacifique the names Listuguj and Ristigouche or Restigouche derived from Listo Gotj. Moreover, the toponym Restigouche applies, especially in a historical context, to all the settlements along the river.
The village was called Sainte-Anne-de-Restigouche in the 17th century. This name applied to the Listuguj Catholic mission in the early 20th century.
The entrepreneur Robert Ferguson (1768-1851) arrived in the area in 1796 from Logierait near Blair Atholl in Scotland and built a house called Athol House: this was actually one of many Scottish names in the North of the county. Robert Ferguson was nicknamed the "father and founder of Restigouche". There is a village called Blair Athol 18 km by road south-east of Atholville, while Point Ferguson in Atholville is named after him.
At the beginning of the 20th century the village was known under four names at the same time: Soiot Athol, Shives Athol, Athol House, and Ferguson Manor. One post office had Ferguson Manor on its door from 1916 to 1923 and another had Shives Athol from 1907 to 1931. Following a petition the village was officially named Atholville in June 1922. The Ferguson Manor post office was renamed Atholville in the following year.
Geography
Related article: Geography of New Brunswick
Location
Atholville is located four kilometres west of downtown Campbellton. The village is generally considered part of Acadia. Atholville is bordered to the north by the Restigouche River and has an area of 119.60 square kilometres, after an annexation that took place in 2015. Apart from Campbellton, the village is adjacent to Val-d'Amours to the south and Tide Head to the west. The Quebec side extends, from west to east, from Restigouche-Partie-Sud-Est to Pointe-à-la-Croix and Listuguj.
Walker Creek rises in the south-east of the territory. It has a few tributaries in the area with the main one continuing east parallel to Highway 11. Walker Creek flows into the Restigouche River in Campbellton. There are also a few streams flowing directly into the Restigouche River. The site of the stockade (Booming Grounds) is a salt marsh. The Appalachian Mountains cover most of the territory of the municipality. Butte Sugar, with a height of about 200 m, also extends into the territory of Tide Head and lies directly south of the built-up area of the town. South of Butte Sugar there is a valley and another mountain which extends into Val-d'Amours and Tide Head, whose height exceeds 230 metres in the Atholville portion. Only a small part of the west side of Sugarloaf (281 m) is included in the territory of Atholville.
New Brunswick Route 11 passes through the centre of the municipality south of the town from east to west: this road goes from Quebec in the west to Shediac in the southeast. The Val-D'Amour Road (Road 270) provides access from the village to Route 11. The village itself is crossed from east to west by New Brunswick Route 134 which provides access to Tide Head and Campbellton: this road is called Notre-Dame Street in the village. Val-d'Amour Road continues south to Val-d'Amour. The New Brunswick East Coast Railway, the former Intercolonial Railway, passes through the village from east to west, north of Notre-Dame Street. The river is navigable but the nearest port is Dalhousie. Campbellton railway station and Charlo Airport complete the means of transport in the region. There are taxis in Campbellton. The Cormier taxi connects Montreal to the Acadian Peninsula and has a stop in the village.
In 2015, the province of New Brunswick issued regulations that expanded the boundaries of Atholville by annexation of the service district of St. Arthur, the local service district of Val D’Amours, a portion of the Village of Tide Head and a portion of the local service district of Blair Athol. The effective date of the order was July 1, 2015. The land area of the village grew from 10.25 km2 to 119.60 km2, according to census data.
Geology
The geological base of Atholville is composed of several rock types. North of Notre-Dame Street in the lowest area there are Clastic rocks from the Campbellton formation. Between this street and Highway 11 are Felsic rocks from the Dalhousie group. Both types of rocks are Lower Devonian (394 to 418 million years old). South of Highway 11 rather there are carbonates and evaporites from the Chaleur formation dating from the Upper Silurian period (418-424 million years ago).
Environment
The Booming Grounds on the border with Tide Head is an area coming under the Joint Plan of Eastern Habitats. They are home to migratory aquatic birds and breeding grounds for birds such as the Great blue heron, the Osprey, and various mammals. In addition, up to 2,000 snow geese can be observed between mid-April and late May. There are many rare plants growing here including the western waterweed, the jonc délié, and the Sanicula gregaria. Fourteen species of fish have been recorded in the river, the most common being the Atlantic salmon and the Slimy sculpin.
Although considered a threatened species, the wood turtle is common in the region. Despite the imposition of environmental controls, the AV Cell works emitted sulphur dioxide and ash into the atmosphere in 2007 several times for which they were fined in 2009.
Demographics
In the 2021 Census of Population conducted by Statistics Canada, Atholville had a population of living in of its total private dwellings, a change of from its 2016 population of . With a land area of , it had a population density of in 2021.
Atholville's population is mostly Acadian but there is also a substantial anglophone minority.
Housing
According to Statistics Canada the village had 1,584 private dwellings in 2016 including 1,539 occupied by residents.
Language
Economy
Employment and income
The 2006 Census by Statistics Canada also provided data on the economy. For people over 15 years old the Labour force rate was then 63.1%, the Employment-to-population ratio was 59.0%, and the unemployment rate was 7.1%. For comparison, those for the whole province were respectively 63.7%, 57.3% and 10.0%.
Nearly 1,500 people work in Atholville which is more than the total population of the village.
Evolution of unemployment in Atholville
Sources
Profiles of communities in 1996 - Atholville - Income and Work, Statistics Canada website
Profiles of communities in 2001 - Atholville - Work, Statistics Canada website
Profiles of communities of 2006 - Atholville - Work, Statistics Canada website
Of those aged 15 years and over, 785 people reported profits and 1,085 reported income in 2005. 86.5% also reported hours of unpaid work. The median income then stood at $20,393 before tax and $18,692 after tax compared to the provincial average of $22,000 before tax and $20,063 after tax. Women earned on average $8,330 less than men after tax with an average income of $15,533. On average 72.3% of income came from earnings, 21.1% from government benefits, and 6.4% from other sources. 6.3% of all households were below the Poverty threshold after tax which increased to 7.8% for those under 18 years old.
Among the working population, 2.3% of people worked at home, none worked outside the country, 5.3% had no fixed place of work, and 92.4% had a fixed place of work. Of workers with a fixed place of work, 37.2% worked in the village, 57.9% worked elsewhere in the county, 1.7% worked in another county, and 3.3% worked in another province.
Main economic sectors
1.4% of jobs were in the agricultural, fisheries and other resources sector, 4.3% were in Construction, 10.7% in manufacturing, 1.4% in wholesale, 21.4% in retail, 1.4% in finance and real estate, 17.1% in health and social services, 7.1% in education, 4.3% in trade services, and 30.0% in other services.
The AV Cell Inc. factory, owned by the Aditya Birla Group, produces chemical pulp for Viscose factories in Asia. It has more than 280 employees. The industrial mall houses six industrial companies with a total of one hundred employees in 2011. Atholville has several other large employers, such as manufacturers of playground equipment, tyres, wood panelling, toys, and windows, as well as a bakery.
The Restigouche Centre is the main commercial centre of the region. The village has several other shops including three car dealerships and a grocery store. Many other products and services are available in Campbellton which has, among others, financial institutions and a NB Liquor store. Enterprise Restigouche is responsible for economic development.
Arts and culture
Architecture and monuments
The buildings in the Provincial Park were designed by architect Leon R. Kentridge, from the Marshall Macklin Monaghan Limited firm of Toronto. The coverings and roof are in Shingle with a gentle slope typical of a ski resort.
A War memorial is located east of the Town Hall. The old Athol House Cemetery is the oldest in Restigouche County. There is a monument to the memory of Athol House Chapel. It is located in the river behind the AV Cell factory.
The ruins of the landing stage that allowed the supply of wood for the pulp and paper mill until the 1960s are still visible in to the west of the Village.
Languages
According to the Official Languages Act, Atholville is bilingual as English and French are both spoken by more than 20% of the population. In 2011 Atholville became the third municipality in New Brunswick (after Dieppe and Petit-Rocher) to adopt an ordinance on outdoor advertising language requiring bilingual display in English and French. Until then, most of the signage was in English.
Culture
Atholville is briefly mentioned in several novels including Le Feu du mauvais temps (Fire in bad weather) (1989) by Claude Le Bouthillier. The village is also mentioned in the biographies: Ma's Cow: Growing Up in the Canadian Countryside During the Cold War (2006) by Patrick Flanagan, David Adams Richards of the Miramichi: A Biographical Introduction (2010) by Michael Anthony Tremblay and Tony Tremblay, and Think Good Thoughts (2010) by J.P. (Pat) Lynch.
The history, culture and geography of the region are featured at the Museum of the Restigouche River at Dalhousie. The National Historic site of the Battle of Restigouche at Pointe-à-la-Croix commemorates this battle.
Attractions
The village has several community services and facilities, including Sugarloaf Provincial Park.
Sports
The village has two football fields, a skating rink, a public pool, Miller Brae Millennium Park, and the Sugarloaf Provincial Park. In summer this park offers a camping area, a bicycle park, slopes for mountain biking, cycle touring, 25 kilometres of hiking trails, a picnic site, and tennis courts. The park is also equipped for Geocaching. In winter the park has twelve slopes for downhill skiing and snowboarding, Snowshoe trails, a naturally illuminated skating rink, and a tubular ice slope.
Atholville contributes to the funding of Campbellton Civic Centre with Tide Head. A trail passes through the village towards Tide Head where it joins the International Appalachian Trail. A gazebo was built at the top of the Old Mission. There are several unmarked viewing points such as that at boulevard Beauvista.
Government
The former village is split among Wards 1, 2, and 3 of the city of Campbellton.
The municipality has six to eight employees on average, plus seasonal employees.
Budget and taxation
The annual expenditure of Atholville village amounted to 2,936,943 dollars in 2011. Of this amount:
18.4% was spent on administration,
7.5% on town planning,
7.2% on the police,
6.3% on protection against fire,
7.1% on the distribution of water,
0.2% on emergency services,
0.1% on other protection services,
22.6% on transport,
4.1% on sanitation,
0.0% on public health,
7.2% on management,
12.4% on recreation and culture,
12.7% on debt costs, and
1.7% on signage
Regional services commission
Atholville is part of Region 2, a regional services commission (CSR) which officially started operations on 1 January 2013. Atholville is represented on the council by the Mayor. Mandatory services offered by the CSR are: regional planning, management of solid waste, emergency planning measures, and collaboration on police, planning, and cost sharing of regional infrastructure for sport, recreation and culture. Other services could be added to this list.
Representation and political trends
Related articles: Politics of Canada and Politics of New Brunswick.
In New Brunswick Atholville is part of the provincial electoral district of Campbellton-Restigouche Centre which is represented in the Legislative Assembly of New Brunswick by Greg Davis of the Progressive Conservative Party of New Brunswick. He was elected in 2010. For the Canadian Federal Parliament, Atholville is part of the federal electoral district of Madawaska-Restigouche which is represented in the House of Commons of Canada by Bernard Valcourt of the Conservative Party of Canada. He was elected at the 41st general election in 2011.
Atholville is a member of the Union of Municipalities of New Brunswick and the Francophone Association of Municipalities of New Brunswick.
Education
Versant-Nord school teaches children from kindergarten to 8th year. It is a French public school within sub-district 1 of the Francophone Nord-Est School District. Campbellton also has the Community College of New Brunswick (CCNB) of Campbellton which is also French language while the closest English-speaking community college is the New Brunswick Community College (NBCC) at Miramichi. The nearest francophone university campus is that of the Université de Moncton in Edmundston. Fredericton has several English language universities. A library service is also available.
For over 15 years 42.8% of the population had no certificate, diploma or degree, 22.1% had only a diploma of secondary education or equivalent, and 34.7% of them also held a certificate, diploma or a post-secondary degree. By comparison the rates were 29.4%, 26.0% and 44.6% respectively for the province. In the same age group 9.0% had graduated from a short NBCC program or equivalent, 15.8% had graduated from a long program at NBCC or equivalent, 1.8% had a diploma or a university certificate below a bachelor's degree, and 8.1% had a certificate, diploma or higher degree. From the graduates, 6.4% were trained in education, 2.6% in humanities, 3.8% in social sciences or law, 29.5% in commerce, management or administration, 2.6% science and technology, 15.4% in architecture, engineering or related areas, 2.6% in agriculture, natural resources and conservation, 28.2% in health, parks, recreation and fitness, and 10.3% in personal services, protection or transportation. There were no graduates in arts or communications, mathematics or computer science, nor in areas classified as "other". Post-secondary graduates completed their studies outside the country in 5.1% of cases.
Infrastructure
Atholville, Campbellton, and Tide Head cooperate in emergency measures. Atholville bought the 911 emergency service from Campbellton. The nearest detachment of the Royal Canadian Mounted Police is in Campbellton.
Campbellton has the French-speaking Restigouche Hospital Centre and the English-speaking Campbellton Regional Hospital. New Brunswick hospitals are bilingual overall but unilingual in their jurisdictions. Campbellton also has an Ambulance New Brunswick station.
The village is connected to the NB Power network and also has an industrial-sized generator at the Town Hall. Atholville has a water and sewerage network with a sewerage treatment plant. The village of Val-d'Amour is connected to the Atholville water system. Atholville also has an agreement with Campbellton and Tide Head for water supply.
Many publications are available but French-speakers have primarily the daily L'Acadie Nouvelle, published in Caraquet, and the weekly L'Étoile, published in Dieppe. There is also the weekly L'Aviron published in Campbellton. English-speakers in turn have the daily Telegraph-Journal, published in Saint John, and the weekly Campbellton Tribune. There is no television station in the region but Radio-Canada Acadie (CBAFT-DT), Ici RDI, Rogers TV, and CHAU-DT are the main French television networks. The main French radio stations are the Ici Radio-Canada Première and CIMS-FM from Balmoral. English-speakers have CBC Television, CBC News Network, Global Television Network, and CTV Television Network. English radio stations include CBC Radio and CKNB in Campbellton.
Atholville has a post office. The population also has access to the cell phone network and high-speed internet. The main provider is Bell Aliant. The nearest offices of Service New Brunswick and Service Canada are in Campbellton.
Religion
Notre-Dame-de-Lourdes is a Roman Catholic church which is part of the Diocese of Bathurst. The priest is Father Claude Benoit. There is also a gospel chapel. The region is part of the Anglican Diocese of Fredericton and Campbellton has several other places of worship for Protestants. The parish cemetery is located between the church and Saint-Louis street.
Notable people
Lewis Charles Ayles (1927-), lawyer and politician, born in Atholville;
Edmond Blanchard (1954-), politician, born in Atholville;
Joseph Claude (died in 1796), Chief of Listuguj;
Robert Ferguson (Logierait (Scotland) 1768 - Campbellton 1851), businessman, justice, judge, official and militia officer;
Bobby Hachey (1932-2006), artist, born in Atholville;
Samuel Lee (Concord (Massachusetts) 1756 - Shediac 1805), official, judge, businessman and politician.
See also
List of communities in New Brunswick
Bibliography
Irene Doyle, Atholville Photo Album, Campbellton, Irene Doyle, 2006
Étienne Fallu, The Credit Union at Atholville: 1938-1988, Atholville, 1988
Hélène Desrosiers-Godin, The marvelous Mount Sugarloaf: collection of anecdotes and historical facts, Atholville, Anne Gauvin, 2006, 23 p. ()
Notes and references
Notes
References
External links
Atholville website
Communities in Restigouche County, New Brunswick
Former villages in New Brunswick
Populated places disestablished in New Brunswick in 2023 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Atholville%2C%20New%20Brunswick |
José Ozámiz y Fortich (May 5, 1898 – August 30, 1944) was a Spanish Filipino lawyer and politician from Misamis Occidental.
Early life
Ozámiz was born on May 5, 1898, in house near the “old bridge” in Moran to Jenaro Ozámiz from Navarre, Spain and Basilisa Fortich, a Filipino mestizo of Spanish and Cebuano ancestry. Jenaro left Spain at age sixteen and came to Moran, then ended up at the Municipality of Jimenez and engaged in the business of abacá and copra trading which made him very rich, acquiring through the years in tile province and ranch in Bukidnon. José spoke his first languages Spanish, Cebuano, Tagalog and English when Philippines came under American rule.
He was the oldest and the only son among ten children. His sisters are Pacita, Consuelo, Carmen, Pilar, Remedios, Nieves, Mercedes, Paulita, and Lourdes. Three of Jose's sisters Consuelo, Cannon and Nieves remained distinct and never got married. Two entered politics: one was Consuelo, who was a councilor for six terms in Jimenez and Remedios who became a Congresswoman of Bukidnon. Remedios’ son, Carlos Fortich became a politician also by becoming a governor of Bukidnon.
In 1904, the Ozámiz family transferred to a big house in Jimenez, where they engage themselves in the copra business and ship them off to other islands in the Philippines.
Legal career
Ozámiz graduated from Ateneo de Manila and became a lawyer on September 27, 1921. Actively practiced law, he was a counsel of big companies in Manila, like Madrigal Shipping and Dela Rama Steamship, both owned by senators.
Political career
Ozámiz was appointed as Misamis Occidental's first provincial governor and served from 1928 to 1931. He was later elected as representative of the Lone District of Misamis Occidental from 1931 to 1941. He was a delegate to the 1935 Constitutional Convention that resulted in the creation of the 1935 Constitution for the Philippine Commonwealth Government. In 1941, he was elected to the Philippine Senate. However, he did not serve his term as senator due to Imperial Japan invading in the Philippines during World War II and he was executed before he could assume office.
World War II
When the Japanese occupied the country during World War II, Ozámiz was among those who accepted a post in the Japanese government with the blessings of the guerrilla movement who saw that his position would allow him to move discreetly. He became chairperson of the Games and Amusement Board. Then in May 1943, he came to Mindanao to contact Fertig. He came by boat accompanied by Jose Maria and Pelong Campos of Aloran. During his arrival in Mindanao, he met Fertig and Parson, both major leaders of the guerrilla movement.
On his way home, Ozámiz's family was under house arrest. He went back to Manila in February 1944. He was arrested by Japanese Kempetai on February 11 on his wife's birthday. He was condemned to be executed. A Filipino nicknamed "makapili" played a part in his downfall along with twenty-nine other fellow Filipino who also got arrested at the same time. They were the core of the guerilla movement in Manila. On the same day, he was beheaded at the Manila North Cemetery, alongside 29 guerilla members, by the Japanese during their occupation of the Philippines during World War II for his involvement in the Resistance Movement.
Legacy
The city of Ozamiz (which used to be called Misamis) in the province of Misamis Occidental was posthumously named in his honor.
Then Nailon Primary School of Nailon, Tudela, Misamis Occidental was renamed after him, which is now Ozamiz Elementary School in Camarin, Cabol-anonan, Tudela, Misamis Occidental (Barangay Cabol-anonan was once part of Barangay Nailon).
References
External links
Biography page of Senator José Ozámiz at the OzamizCity.com website
1898 births
1944 deaths
Governors of Misamis Occidental
Members of the House of Representatives of the Philippines from Misamis Occidental
Senators of the 1st Congress of the Commonwealth of the Philippines
Nacionalista Party politicians
Executed politicians
Filipino people of Spanish descent
Filipino people of Basque descent
Filipino people of Catalan descent
Cebuano people
Visayan people
People from Misamis Occidental
Executed Filipino people
People executed by Japanese occupation forces
People executed by Japan by decapitation
Members of the Philippine Legislature
Members of the National Assembly of the Philippines
Misamis Occidental | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jos%C3%A9%20Oz%C3%A1miz |
Joseph "Jihad Jack" Terrence Thomas (born 1973) is an Australian citizen who undertook pistol, light firearm and demolition training with Al-Qaeda. Osama Bin Laden visited his training camp three times while he was in attendance and he shook hands with him. He was convicted for receiving funds from Al-Qaeda, which was later overturned on appeal. Thomas, commonly referred to in Australian media as "Jihad Jack", was acquitted of providing resources that would assist in a terrorist act before becoming the first Australian to be placed under a control order under the Australian Anti-Terrorism Act 2005.
Terrorism conviction
Joseph Terrence Thomas was the first Australian to be convicted under anti-terrorism laws introduced in Australia after the 11 September 2001 attacks in the United States. He was sentenced on 31 March 2006 to five years prison with a non-parole period of two years. Thomas's lawyer, Rob Stary, described the not guilty verdicts on the more serious charges as a "significant victory".
Attorney-General of Australia Philip Ruddock said after news of the conviction,
The convictions of Mr. Thomas for the terrorist offence and the offence related to passport manipulation demonstrate the seriousness with which these issues are dealt with by the law and highlights the consequences of becoming involved in these activities.
This was in relation to his travels to Pakistan and Afghanistan, after he married and converted to Islam. Thomas left Australia for Pakistan on 23 March 2001, and returned home on 6 June 2003. Since his arrest, Thomas has been referred to in the media as "Jihad Jack". When he converted to Islam the self described Aussie battler took on the name Jihad, Arabic for struggle.
Conviction overturned
The trial was highly controversial, as the evidence used to prosecute Thomas consisted solely of an interview conducted in a Pakistani military prison. Despite claims that the evidence was obtained under duress and that Thomas had been tortured, the judge deemed the interview to be admissible. The conviction was overturned on appeal by the Victorian Court of Appeal in the case of R v Thomas, with the appeals judges ruling that the trial judge should have ruled the evidence inadmissible.
Control order
On 28 August 2006, following the quashing of the convictions, Thomas was the first person to be issued with a control order under the Australian Anti-Terrorism Act 2005 after written consent was provided by the Australian Attorney-General Philip Ruddock. The control order places the following restrictions on Thomas:
He must abide by a curfew, confining him to his home from midnight until 5am each morning.
He is restricted in the phone services he is allowed to operate (one mobile phone, one land line) and must have these approved by the Australian Federal Police. He is prohibited from using public pay phones.
He is required to seek written approval to make telephone calls.
He is not to communicate with a list of persons identified as terrorists including Osama bin Laden, Ayman al-Zawahiri and Abu Musab al-Zarqawi
He must agree to be fingerprinted.
He must not leave Australia.
Australian federal magistrate Graham Mowbray made the assessment that Thomas is capable of launching a terrorist attack and that his wife has links to the alleged spiritual leader of Jemaah Islamiah, Abu Bakar Bashir. Thomas and his wife have stated that his wife was a friend of a friend of the woman who became Bashir's wife. Sidney Jones of the International Crisis Group says the link is a case of mistaken identity based on surname. Since granting the control order, Magistrate Mowbray has criticised the inclusion of Osama Bin Laden on the list of people with whom Thomas must not have contact. He has also criticised the timing of the order, which interrupted a holiday Thomas was having with his family.
Thomas unsuccessfully appealed the making of the control order to the High Court of Australia.
Retrial
On 20 December 2006, Thomas was ordered to face a retrial, based on an interview with the Australian Broadcasting Corporation's Four Corners television program. On 23 October 2008, Thomas was found not guilty of the terrorism charges but was found guilty of a passport offence, which carries a maximum penalty of two years' imprisonment. Thomas has already served nine months. Justice Elizabeth Curtain on 29 October 2008 ordered that Thomas be imprisoned for nine months but found he was free to go after taking into account time already served. "No other penalty is appropriate in the circumstances of this case other than a sentence of imprisonment," Justice Curtain said. She ordered that Thomas be released immediately on a Commonwealth recognisance order to be of good behaviour for the five days remaining of his sentence once the 265 days of pre-sentence detention had been taken into account. He was also required to pay a $1000 bond. Thomas was represented by former Victorian Deputy Premier Jim Kennan.
See also
Islamic terrorism and Australia
Thomas v Mowbray
References
External links
Justice for Jack Campaign website
National Security website from the Australian Attorney-General's Department
1973 births
Living people
Australian Muslims
Converts to Islam
People from Melbourne
Terrorism in Australia
Australian expatriates in Pakistan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Joseph%20T.%20Thomas |
The first website was created in August 1991 by Tim Berners-Lee at CERN, a European nuclear research agency. Berners-Lee's WorldWideWeb browser was made publicly available the same month. The World Wide Web began to enter everyday use in 1993 and 1994, when websites for the general public started to become available. By the end of 1994, the total number of websites was still minute compared to present figures, but quite a number of notable websites were already active, many of which are the precursors to today's most popular services. Of the thousands of websites founded prior to 1995, those appearing here are listed for one or more of the following reasons:
They still exist (albeit in some cases with different names).
They made contributions to the history of the World Wide Web.
They helped to shape certain modern Web content, such as webcomics and weblogs.
1991
CERN
Snapshot of the CERN site The World Wide Web project, the first website, as of November 1992. The Web was publicly announced (via a posting to the Usenet newsgroup alt.hypertext) on August 6, 1991.
World Wide Web Virtual Library Originally Tim Berners-Lee's web catalog at CERN. Snapshot from November 1992: Subject listing – Information by Subject. http://info.cern.ch/hypertext/WWW/TheProject.html
Stanford Linear Accelerator Center Paul Kunz from SLAC visited Tim Berners-Lee at CERN in September 1991. He was impressed by the WWW project and brought a copy of the software back to Stanford. SLAC launched the first web server in North America on December 12, 1991. SLAC's first web page: SLACVM Information Service.
1992
Near the end of 1992, there were approximately 50-60 websites, according to a robot web crawl by CWI researcher Guido van Rossum.
Nikhef The Dutch National institute for subatomic physics was originally found at http://nic.nikhef.nl. This site was the third website in the world to come online in February 1992, after CERN and SLAC.
National Center for Supercomputing Applications The National Center for Supercomputing Applications site was an early home to the NCSA Mosaic web browser, as well as documentation on the web and a "What's New?" list which many people used as an early web directory.
Fermilab Second web server in North America, following in the trend of high-energy physics laboratories.
SunSITE Early, comprehensive archiving project. Project as a whole started in 1992 and was quick to move to the web.
Ohio State University Department of Computer and Information Science Early development of gateway programs, and mass conversion of existing documents, including RFCs, TeXinfo, UNIX man pages, and the Usenet FAQs.
IN2P3 The French National institute for nuclear physics and particle physics, originally at Centre de Calcul IN2P3.
HUJI The Hebrew University of Jerusalem Information service – both in Hebrew and English. It was the first RTL website and the 10th to come online in April 1992, at http://www.huji.ac.il.
The Exploratorium One of the first science museums on-line.
youngmonkey (studios)
Initially hosted as a .nb.ca domain, it showcased music/writing projects and DOS and Amiga software. It also included articles, technical information, and other resources for synthesizer enthusiasts, developers, and others. It was home to what was likely the first online store (SalesSite) using dial-up credit card verification; and first web streaming, video distribution, and pay-per-view online video system (StreamSite). Came online at some point between 1991–1992. Moved to its .ca domain (https://www.youngmonkey.ca) in April 1995.
simianpress (a manifestation of youngmonkey)
A showcase for graphic design and publishing projects, and likely offering the first professional website design. The slater mergedline at some point between 1991–1992. It was later merged with youngmonkey's .ca domain in 1995.
CBSS (Consulting Firm)
Came online in late 1992. CBSS Inc. of Houston, Texas quietly offered what was very likely the first commercial Website hosting service. CBSS pioneered Web access via mobile phone through Motorola's proprietary cellular data interface. The Motorola service is no longer maintained, but the Website is still visible today at CBSS, Inc..
KEK The High Energy Accelerator Research Organization. The first web page in Japan was created by Dr. Yohei Morita at the suggestion of Dr. Tim Berners-Lee in September 1992. CERN's web site linked the KEK page on 30 September 1992. Still online at KEK Entry Point.
Cybergrass Bluegrass Music News and Information. Bob Cherry's music web site was launched on September 9, 1992. It became called "Banjo" on September 30, 1992, and later "Cybergrass" in 1995. Its content was bluegrass music and Digital Traditions lyrics & chords. It was hosted on the Xerox Palo Alto Research Center's vax, parcvax.xerox.com. It now resides at www.cybergrass.com. It was the first music-based website on the web.
1993
By the end of 1993, there were 623 websites, according to a study by Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) researcher Matthew Gray.
ALIWEB (Archie Like Indexing for the WEB) is considered the first Web search engine. It was announced in November 1993 by its developer Martijn Koster. ALIWEB was presented in May 1994 at the First International Conference at CERN in Geneva.
Bloomberg.com Financial portal with information on markets, currency conversion, news and events, and Bloomberg Terminal subscriptions.
BridesByDeBora.com Wedding and bridal store website launched in 1993 as BridesbyDeBora.com. It was later changed to DeBoraRachelle.com, also known as DeBora Rachelle and PromDressShop.com.
Chabad.org The flagship website of the Chabad-Lubavitch Hasidic movement. It serves its own members and Jews worldwide.
Corpus of Electronic Texts (formerly CURIA) Peter Flynn from University College Cork (UCC) saw Tim Berners-Lee demonstrating the WWW at a RARE WG3 meeting. The former then requested the latter to install the software at UCC for the CURIA project.
Doctor Fun One of the first webcomics, noted by the NCSA as "a major breakthrough for the Web".
The LANL preprint archive Web access to thousands of papers in physics, mathematics, computer science, and biology; developed out of earlier gopher, File Transfer Protocol (ftp), and e-mail archives at Los Alamos. Now known as ArXiv.
Électricité de France One of the first industrial Web sites in Europe which started as the Web site of the Research and Development (R&D) Division, and was implemented by R&D Engineers Sylvain Langlois, Emmanuel Poiret, and a few months later, Daniel Glazman. They did not have approval for it and had to restart the server by connecting to RENATER through a 155Mb link, every time IT shut it down. Electricité de France's R&D later submitted patches to CERN httpd and was active in Web Standardisation.
Global Network Navigator Example of an early web directory created by O'Reilly Media and one of the Web's first commercial sites; it was hosted at Bolt Beranek and Newman (BBN).
Haystack Observatory Haystack Observatory's website explained its radio and radar remote sensing mission and provided data access for science users. The content was rolled out on December 13, 1993 by Dr. John Holt of Haystack. The website is still active, and the original web page format is still available online.
The Internet Movie DatabaseFounded in 1990 by participants in the Usenet newsgroup rec.arts.movies, the IMDB was rolled out on the web in late 1993, hosted by the computer science department of Cardiff University in Wales.
Internet Underground Music Archive Created by students at the University of California, Santa Cruz to help promote unsigned musical artists. Music was shared using the MP2 format, presaging the later extreme popularity of MP3 sharing and Online music stores.
Joachim Jarre Society
Created by students at the Norwegian University of Science and Technology in November 1993 as one of the first websites in Norway.
JumpStation
The world's first Web search engine, created by Jonathon Fletcher on December 12, 1993, and was hosted at the University of Stirling in Scotland. In operation until 1994.
Kent Anthropology
One of the first social science sites (online May 1993).
LSD.com
The Digital Acid Test came online 11-18-1993.
SITOAfter a start as an anonymous ftp-based art gallery and collaborative collective, the OTIS project (later SITO) moved to the web due to SunSITE's hosting.
The TechThe MIT campus newspaper, The Tech, claims to be the first newspaper to deliver content over the Web, beginning in May 1993.
NASA
NexorWeb site set up for Nexor, an early Internet software company, by Martijn Koster.
MTVThe music television network's domain was registered in 1993 by VJ Adam Curry, who personally ran a small unofficial site.
PARC Map ServerArguably the earliest precursor of MapQuest and Google Maps. PARC researcher Steve Putz tied an existing map viewing program to the web. Now defunct.
photo.net An online photography resource and community, designed and founded by Philip Greenspun. Greenspun released the software behind photo.net, the ArsDigita Community System, as a free open-source toolkit for building community websites.
Principia Cybernetica Probably the first complex, collaborative knowledge system, sporting a hierarchical structure, index, map, annotations, search, plenty of hyperlinks, etc. Designed by Francis Heylighen, Cliff Joslyn and Valentin Turchin to develop a cybernetic philosophy.
ExPASyThe first life sciences web site. Still active.
Trojan room coffee potThe first webcam.
Trincoll JournalA multimedia magazine published by students at Trinity College in Hartford, Connecticut.
Wired.comAn online presence for Wired magazine.
Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (a.k.a. NTT) NTT's was the most famous web page in Japan in the mid-1990s. The page was announced in December 1993.
1994
By mid-1994 there were 2,738 websites, according to Gray's statistics; by the end of the year, more than 10,000.
ALIWEBALIWEB (acronym of Archie Like Indexing for the Web) was the first web search engine. It was announced in November 1993 by Martijn Koster and went online during May of 1994.
Allied Artists InternationalThe first corporate web site for Allied Artists Entertainment Group, predecessor to Allied Artists International, present day owner of Allied Artists Film Group & Allied Artists Music Group.
American Marketing Association Professional Association. Created in 1994 by a group of marketing professors, it offered general marketing news for marketers and professors of marketing. Approximately a year later, the site was moved to ama.org where it still remains.
Amnesty International Human rights site. Created in 1994 by the organization's International Secretariat and the Computer Communications Working Group of Amnesty International Canada.
Apple Inc.An early corporate site.
Art.Net"Art on the Net", created by Lile Elam in June 1994 to showcase the artwork of San Francisco Bay Area artists as well as other international artists. It offered free linkage and hosted extensive links to other artists' sites.
Art Crimes The first graffiti art site began to archive photos from around the world, creating an important academic resource as well as a thriving online community.
The Amazing FishCam A webcam pointed at a fishtank located at Netscape headquarters. According to a contemporaneous article by The Economist, "In its audacious uselessness—and that of thousands of ego trips like it—lie the seeds of the Internet revolution."
Automatic Complaint-Letter Generator Created by Scott Pakin in April 1994, the site allows users to specify the name of the individual or company that the complaint is directed toward, as well as the number of paragraphs the complaint will have. After submitting the data, the computer generates sentences that are composed of arbitrary verbs, nouns, and adjectives. Still active.
BBC Online Started in April with some regional information and Open University Production Centre (OUPC) content. By September, the first commercial service was launched, a transcription service via ftp server. At its peak, it had 122 accounts, including FBI bureaus around the world, taking daily updates from 12 feeds. Still active.
Bianca's Smut Shack An early web-based chatroom and online community known for raucous free speech and deviant behavior.
Birmingham City Council Early local government site, initially hosted by the University of Birmingham.
Buzzweb.com The earliest website for alternative music artists and news. Created by A. Joi Brown and Matthew Brown in 1993–1994. Registered with Network Solutions in 1993.
CDNAir.ca The first website for an airline, Canadian Airlines.
Chabad.org The first Ask the rabbi site. Launched by Rabbi Yosef Yitzchak Kazen as an outgrowth of earlier discussion groups on FidoNet dating back to 1988.
CitySites The first "City Site" web development company, advertising businesses, and reviewing music and art events in the Bay Area. Started in 1994, CitySites was featured in Interactive Week Magazine in 1997 as numerous other City websites began competing for the business ad market including CitySearch and others. Founder Darrow Boggiano still operates CitySites.
Classical ArchivesAn online digital music store that solely focuses on classical music.
Cool Site of the Day Glenn Davis' daily pick of 'cool' websites.
Cybersell The first commercial advertising service that focused on using spam came online as sell.com. It was set up by Laurence Canter and Martha Siegel, notorious for spamming Usenet newsgroups earlier that year.
CORDIS The Community Research & Development Information Service, the European Commission's first permanent website, providing the repository of EU-funded research projects. Launched on ESPRIT day in November 1994 as www.cordis.lu.
Dianne Feinstein's US Senate campaign website Dianne Feinstein was the first US Senate candidate to have established a website.
The Economist The Economist "went live in early 1994" with a website "structured as a portal with various search tools of the day (e.g., Archie, Veronica, Jughead, WAIS and Gopher)." It cost $120, paid for by one of the magazine's correspondents, and by the end of the year "America Online voted it one of the world's top-ten news sites, nosing out Time-Warner's celebrated Pathfinder site—which reputedly cost $120 million to build."
Einet Galaxy Claims to be the first searchable web catalog; originally created at the Einet division of the MCC Research Consortium at the University of Texas, Austin. It passed through several commercial owners and is now run by Logika Corporation.
Encyclopaedia Britannica Online
Enterzone The first purely web-based (no gopher!) literary webzine (originally published at enterzone.berkeley.edu).
EPage Classifieds The first Web classified ad site (was originally at ep.com).
First Virtual First "cyber-bank".
FolkBook / An Online Acoustic Music Establishment A fansite dedicated to documenting Folk Music and Folk Musicians. It operated at Ohio State at web.cgrg.ohio-state.edu/folkbook/ from September 1, 1994, until it was taken off-line on March 7, 1998. After that it was redirected to a similar Folk Music site, folkmusic dot org , which still exists, but has not been updated since 2002.
FogCam! World's oldest still operating webcam. Located at San Francisco State University.
Flags of the World
GeneNetworkFirst web site in biomedical research (service initiated in January 1994) and the earliest Uniform Resource Locator (URL) in PubMed. GeneNetwork was initially known as the Portable Dictionary of the Mouse Genome and then as WebQTL. This genetics site has been funded continuously by National Institutes of Health (NIH) and the University of Tennessee-Oak Ridge National Laboratory Governor's Chair to RW Williams.
HM TreasuryWebsite of HM Treasury, the United Kingdom government department.
Home Page Replica
A fansite dedicated to researching the history and music of Captain Beefheart & His Magic Band.
Horror
The earliest website dedicated to horror movie and horror book/comic reviews and news.
HotWiredWebsite of Wired magazine with its own unique and innovative online content. Home of the first banner ads, for Zima and AT&T.
IBMAn early corporate web site.
Innerviews The first online music magazine set up by music journalist Anil Prasad, accessible at: Innerviews: Music Without Borders
Institute of Social and Cultural Anthropology University of Oxford. The web version of a previous Gopher server. Set up in early 1994 by David Price at http://rsl.ox.ac.uk/isca/. No version has been archived but announcements giving the URL date from April 1994 on Humanist-l and anthro-l.
The Irish Times First newspaper in the United Kingdom or Ireland to have a website: irish-times. It was founded in 1994. The newspaper moved to ireland.com in 1999 and irishtimes.com in 2008.
Justin Hall's Links from the Underground One of the earliest examples of personal weblogging.
LawinfoEarly legal website. Provides public access to pre-qualified, pre-screened attorneys, and to free legal resources.
Literary KicksEarly literary website about Beat Generation, spoken word poetry and alternative literary scenes, launched by Levi Asher on July 23, 1994.
Lycos Early search engine, originally a university research project by Dr. Michael Mauldin.
Megadeth, ArizonaThe first website for a band, Megadeth.
MicrosoftAn early corporate site.
MIT IHTFP Hack GalleryWebsite dedicated to cataloging Hacks at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. In continuous operation since 1994, accessible at: IHTFP Hack Gallery: Welcome to the IHTFP Gallery!
Museum of Bad ArtWebsite of a museum "dedicated to the tongue-in-cheek display of poorly conceived or executed examples of Outsider Art in the form of paintings or sculpture."
The Nine Planets"A Multimedia Tour of the Solar System", created by Bill Arnett. One of the first extensively multimedia sites.
Nando.netOne of the first newspaper sites; the online presence of the Raleigh, North Carolina News & Observer.
NetBoyA highly popular early webcomic.
NetrekOne of the first sites dedicated to Internet, multi-user video-game programming; maintained at obsidian.math.Arizona.edu. Defunct.
Onlinetechex.com
Online Technology Exchange, Inc. created the largest worldwide searchable database of electronic components and semiconductor parts.
Pathfinder.com
One of the first Internet portals, created by Time Warner.
Pizza Hut
The pizza chain restaurant started by allowing people in Santa Cruz, California to order pizza over the Web via Pizzanet.
Powells.comThe website of Powell's Books. It started with two employees, and the company's first online order was placed by an Apple employee. It pre-dates Amazon.com.
Purple.comThe first known single-serving site; consists of simply a purple background.
The Radcliffe Science LibraryThe first part of Oxford University to establish a web presence (on 7 Jan 1994) from http://rsl.ox.ac.uk/. The oldest known archive version is on the Wayback Machine from 19.10.1996. The URL is attested on email lists (e.g. Humanist-l) by April 1994.
Radio PragueThe official international broadcasting station of the Czech Republic was an early media entity on the web; they put transcripts of their news broadcasts and other current affairs content in 5 languages on the web. Still active.
Senator Edward Kennedy
The first website for a US senator member of the U.S. Congress was officially announced on June 2, 1994. The site remained active throughout the remainder of the senator's service until his death in 2009.
Saccharomyces Genome DatabaseNIH funded research project on the Web. Still funded by NIH and online. SGD provide curation of all published results on budding yeast (aka. bakers, brewers, and wine yeast) genes and their products. Current URL is yeastgenome.org.
Sex.comSubject of a twelve-year legal battle that established parameters of domain ownership.
Sighting.comSIGHTINGS began in 1994 as the website home for Jeff Rense's award-winning UFO & Paranormal radio program of the same name.
The Skeptic's DictionaryFeatures definitions, arguments, and essays on topics ranging from acupuncture to zombies, and provides a lively, commonsense trove of detailed information on things supernatural, paranormal, and pseudoscientific.
Steelforge.comCommercial website for open die forge facility.
The Simpsons ArchiveThe first fan site for The Simpsons television show.
Sirius ConnectionsThe first internet service provider in the San Francisco Bay Area. The owner – Arman Kahalili, gave novice website creators a great deal of technical assistance to get the new wave of developers started on building sites and expanding code that was used in later versions of Hypertex Markup Language (HTML) and other web technology.
SpinnWebeEarly humor site, called "a window on the weird" by The New Yorker.
Stak Trading (staktrading.co.uk)Computer hardware resale in the UK. The site was created by Stuart Mackintosh who previously provided software and driver downloads through a Wildcat! BBS and price lists to the trade via Faxmaker faxback systems.
Telegraph.co.ukThe Electronic Telegraph, website of the Daily Telegraph.
Traditio.comThe First Traditional Roman Catholic Internet Site, founded September 29, 1994.
Transdat.comThe first site using the internet for a sales medium on a global scale for heavy machinery.
United States Department of StateThe United States Department of State's Bureau of Public Affairs launched a text gopher website via the Federal Depository Library at the University of Illinois Chicago during the fall of 1994. The website was later relaunched in January 1995.
VeloNewsOne of the first sports news sites, initially providing Tour de France news.
Virginia's Legislative Information Systemleg1.state.va.us. The site remains active today as "LIS Classic".
VirtuMallCreated in 1994 by MIT dorm mates, pioneered shopping cart technology, pioneered credit card payments sent via fax to mail order catalogs, created the first pooled-traffic site, and helped foster standards for security. One of the first "tenants" was Hickory Farms.
The WWW Useless PagesPerhaps the first site which showcased bad or eccentric websites rather than 'cool' ones.
WebCrawler An early search engine for the Web, and the first with full text searching, by Brian Pinkerton at the University of Washington, announced in June 1994.
Webmedia A London-based web site design company, founded by Steve Bowbrick and Ivan Pope. The domain name webmedia.com was registered on 27 October 1994 and the web site launched in November.
Whitehouse.govThe official website of the White House.
World-Wide Web WormThe World-Wide Web Worm (WWWW) was one of the first search engines for the World-Wide Web, by Oliver McBryan at the University of Colorado, announced in March 1994.
Yahoo!Originally started as "Jerry's Guide to the World Wide Web"; later renamed Yahoo without the exclamation mark.
See also
History of the World Wide Web
Wayback Machine, a project of the Internet Archive which publicly offers partial archives of many now-defunct sites at various points in time
References
Websites founded before 1995
Websites founded before 1995
Websites founded before 1995
Websites founded before 1995
Web 1.0 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20websites%20founded%20before%201995 |
Craig Budan Joeright (born September 19, 1978) is an American former competitive pair skater. With his wife, Larisa Spielberg, he is the 2002 Golden Spin of Zagreb champion and 2000 U.S. national bronze medalist.
Personal life
Joeright was born on September 19, 1978, in Cleveland, Ohio. He graduated from Troy High School (Michigan) in 1997 and then studied sports psychology at Oakland University in Rochester, Michigan. He and Spielberg announced their engagement in August 2003. They were married in early 2006. Their twin daughters were born in 2012.
Career
Joeright began learning to skate in 1983. Skating with Celina Taylor, he placed sixth in junior pairs at the 1996 U.S. Championships.
A pairs coach, Johnny Johns, introduced him to Larisa Spielberg. Spielberg/Joeright teamed up in September 1996 at the Detroit Skating Club. Early in their partnership, they were coached by Johns, Mitch Moyer, and Jason Dungjen in Bloomfield Hills, Michigan.
Competing in the 1998–99 ISU Junior Grand Prix series, the pair won bronze in Mexico City, Mexico, and placed fifth in Budapest, Hungary.
During the 1999–2000 ISU Junior Grand Prix series, Spielberg/Joeright won silver in Ostrava, Czech Republic, and then took bronze in Nagano, Japan. They finished as third alternates for a spot at the JGP Final. In February, they competed in the senior ranks at the 2000 U.S. Championships and received the bronze medal. In March, they placed 13th at the 2000 World Junior Championships in Oberstdorf, Germany.
In 2001, Spielberg injured her left wrist and foot, causing the pair to withdraw from the Grand Prix series. Sergey Petrovskiy, Richard Callaghan, and Veronica Voyk became their coaches after Spielberg/Joeright relocated to the Onyx Skating Academy in Rochester, Michigan, in 2001.
Making their senior international debut, the pair placed fifth at the 2002 Nebelhorn Trophy and then won gold at the 2002 Golden Spin of Zagreb. They took the pewter medal at the 2003 U.S. Championships.
In their final season, Spielberg/Joeright competed at two senior Grand Prix events; they placed seventh at the 2003 Skate America and tenth at the 2003 Skate Canada International. They retired from competitive skating after placing sixth at the 2004 U.S. Championships.
Joeright coaches skaters around the Greater Detroit area, mainly at the Detroit Skating Club and Royal Oak Ice Arena.
Programs
(with Spielberg)
Competitive highlights
GP: Grand Prix; JGP: Junior Grand Prix
With Spielberg
With Taylor
References
External links
1978 births
American male pair skaters
Living people
Sportspeople from Cleveland
20th-century American people
21st-century American people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craig%20Joeright |
Travel In Taiwan, an English-language bimonthly magazine, is produced in Taipei, Taiwan by Vision International Publishing Co., Ltd. on behalf of Taiwan's Tourism Bureau, an agency of the country's Ministry of Transportation and Communications. The magazine, which is designed to encourage foreign tourists to visit Taiwan, includes information on many aspects of traveling on the Pacific island.
Recent issues have been about 60 pages long, each with around 10 feature articles, a culture & art segment, a calendar of upcoming events, travel news, and a small amount of advertising, including a listing of select hotels. Articles are often accompanied by small maps, helpful info on accommodation, restaurants, and public transport, as well as a list of terms and place names in English and Chinese.
External links
Travel In Taiwan online at zinio
Travel In Taiwan magazine and website
Travel In Taiwan, parks and activities, cities, attractions, services, travel and activities.
Tourism Bureau M.O.T.C, Republic of China Taiwan (Official Government Website)
Bi-monthly magazines
Mass media in Taipei
Magazines published in Taiwan
Tourism magazines
Magazines with year of establishment missing
English-language magazines | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Travel%20in%20Taiwan |
Guarani, Guaraní or Guarany may refer to
Ethnography
Guaraní people, an indigenous people from South America's interior (Brazil, Argentina, Paraguay and Bolivia)
Guaraní language, or Paraguayan Guarani, an official language of Paraguay
Guarani dialects, spoken in Argentina, Brazil, Bolivia, and Paraguay
Guarani languages, a group of languages, including Guarani, in the Tupí-Guaraní language subfamily
Eastern Bolivian Guarani, historically called Chiriguanos, living in the eastern Bolivian foothills of the Andes. Also called Ava Guarani.
Economics
Paraguayan guaraní, the currency of Paraguay
Education
The Guarini School of Graduate and Advanced Studies, a subunit of Dartmouth College
Geography
Guarani, Minas Gerais, Brazil
Guarani de Goiás, Brazil
Guarani das Missões, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
Guarani Aquifer, a large underground water reservoir in South America
Literature and music
The Guarani, an 1857 novel by José de Alencar
Il Guarany, an opera by Carlos Gomes, based on the above novel
Guarany (film), a 1948 Italian film directed by Riccardo Freda
Machines
FMA IA 50 Guaraní II, an Argentine utility aircraft
VBTP-MR, a Brazilian 6x6 armored personnel carrier
Association football (soccer) clubs
Brazil
Guarani Esporte Clube (CE), Juazeiro do Norte
Guarani Esporte Clube (MG), Divinópolis
Guarani Futebol Clube, Campinas
Guarany Futebol Clube, Bagé
Guarany Futebol Clube (Camaquã)
Guarany Sporting Club, Sobral
Associação Atlética Guarany, Porto da Folha
Esporte Clube Guarani, Venâncio Aires
Sociedade Esportiva, Recreativa e Cultural Guarani, Palhoça
Sport Club Guarany, Cruz Alta
Paraguay
Club Guaraní, Asunción
Guaraní F.B.C., Trinidad
Astronomy
Guarani, official name of exoplanet HD 23079 b
People
Horacio Guarany (1925-2017), Argentinian singer & writer
See also
Guarini (disambiguation), an Italian name
Language and nationality disambiguation pages | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guarani |
Peter W. Carruthers (born July 22, 1959) is a former American pair ice skater and a television skating analyst.
Carruthers and his adopted sister, Kitty, are the 1984 Olympic Silver medalists, the 1982 World Bronze medalists, and four-time United States National champions from 1981 to 1984.
Career
The Carruthers team finished off the podium at the U.S. Championships in January 1979; however, their results improved during the following season. After winning the International St. Gervais in August 1979, they went on to win the Gold at the Nebelhorn Trophy and Silver at the 1979 Norton Skate (the inaugural Skate America). They placed 2nd at the 1980 U.S. Championships, and were assigned to their first Winter Olympics, where they finished in 5th place. They won their first U.S. National title in 1981, and stepped onto the World podium at the 1982 World Championships. In 1984, after winning their 4th National title, they were sent to their 2nd Winter Olympics and won the Silver medal.
Following the 1984 Winter Olympics, the Carruthers turned professional and starred with Ice Capades and Stars on Ice. For 12 years, they appeared throughout the world in many productions and made for television specials.
The Carruthers were inducted into the United States Figure Skating Hall of Fame in 1999.
The Carruthers siblings were coached by Ronald Ludington.
After retiring from professional skating, Carruthers worked as a skating analyst for the Fox, ABC, and ESPN television networks. In 2010, he worked as a daily NBC Olympics skating broadcast analyst on NBC's Universal Sports network.
Competitive highlights with Kitty Carruthers
References
External links
Pairs on Ice profile
1959 births
American male pair skaters
American adoptees
Figure skating commentators
Figure skaters at the 1980 Winter Olympics
Figure skaters at the 1984 Winter Olympics
Living people
Olympic silver medalists for the United States in figure skating
Sportspeople from Middlesex County, Massachusetts
People from Burlington, Massachusetts
Olympic medalists in figure skating
World Figure Skating Championships medalists
Medalists at the 1984 Winter Olympics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Peter%20Carruthers%20%28figure%20skater%29 |
Caroline Maria Winberg (born 27 March 1985) is a Swedish model.
Personal life
Caroline Winberg was born in Sollentuna. Winberg, a tomboy and aspiring professional football player in her youth for AIK from Solna a suburb north Stockholm, was en route to football training when scout Cesar Wintland spotted the 15-year-old and suggested that she consider a career in modelling. Together with Wynton Fauré, she has a son born June 2015.
Career
Winberg began her modelling career at age sixteen, and a year later was booking local gigs and appearing in promotional spots for regional companies. She soon caught the eye of several well-known agencies – including Women Model Management, Why Not Milan and Dominique Brussels – and found herself in campaigns for designers such as Valentino, Versace, Oscar de la Renta, Escada, and Armani. She has also been in campaigns for D&G, Tommy Hilfiger, Adidas by Stella McCartney, Rolex, Chloé, Armani, Ralph Lauren and Neiman Marcus, and has graced the covers of several international editions of Vogue. She has walked in seven consecutive Victoria's Secret Fashion Show each year from 2005 till 2011. She also appeared in Naomi Campbell's Fashion For Relief runway show for The White Ribbon Alliance to raise funds for mothers in Haiti in 2010. She made her acting début in the 2011 film Limitless, appearing alongside Bradley Cooper and Robert De Niro. Winberg is the host of Sweden's Next Top Model, Cycle 6, despite previously having been openly critical of the Top Model programme. Winberg is also one of the three supermodel coaches on The Face UK.
References
External links
1985 births
Living people
People from Sollentuna Municipality
Swedish female models
IMG Models models | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Caroline%20Winberg |
Richard Greenblatt (born 1953) is a Canadian playwright who currently lives in Toronto. He is best known for 2 Pianos, 4 Hands, which he wrote and performed with Ted Dykstra.
Early life
Greenblatt was born in 1953 in Montreal, Quebec, to a secular Jewish family. His parents were active Communists until 1956, when they left the party after Khrushchev's Secret Speech. He is the brother of Lewis Furey, musician, actor & director.
Greenblatt attended Dawson College. He later trained at the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art in London. In 1975 he returned to Canada and began his theatrical career.
Works
Soft Pedalling (1981)
The Theory of Relatives (1994, co-written with Daniel Brooks, Diane Flacks, Leah Cherniak, Leslie Lester, and Allan Merovitz)
2 Pianos, 4 Hands (1994)
Sibs (2000)
Letters From Lehrer (2006)
Personal life
Greenblatt was married to director/writer Kate Lushington. The two have three children: Natasha, William, and Luke.
See also
List of Canadian writers
List of Canadian playwrights
References
20th-century Canadian dramatists and playwrights
21st-century Canadian dramatists and playwrights
1953 births
Living people
Jewish Canadian writers
Dawson College alumni
Jewish Canadian male actors
Alumni of RADA
Canadian male dramatists and playwrights
Male actors from Montreal
Writers from Montreal
20th-century Canadian male writers
21st-century Canadian male writers
Dora Mavor Moore Award winners | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Greenblatt%20%28playwright%29 |
The hełm wz. 31 (helmet, 1931 pattern) was the basic combat helmet of the Polish Army before the outbreak of World War II and during the Invasion of Poland. The helmet became the basic type of combat headgear for Polish military formations in 1930s and during the early stages of World War II. It was also exported to Persia, Albania and Republican Spain. By September 1939 approximately 320,000 copies were delivered to the Polish Army.
While it was not the most common helmet in Polish service during World War II (in 1939 most of the mobilised soldiers were issued old French Adrian helmets), it became somewhat iconic and widely regarded in Poland as one of the symbols of Polish resistance. Because of this, the hełm wz. 67 designed in the late 1960s was based on the wz.31's silhouette.
Design
The wz.31 was an all-metal one-piece helmet with a distinctive peaked visor and a slight "skirt." It was covered with either plain or Salamandra matte paint. Most helmets were covered with a thick layer of lead tetroxide and then painted with standard all-military khaki, with some of them painted grey, greyish green or navy blue (the latter worn by the police). The weight of the complete set with inner lining was approximately 1.3 kg. The helmet could be worn with the visor backwards, which was used by artillery officers for increased visibility and better peripheral vision.
History and usage
After the end of World War I Poland seized large quantities of helmets from other countries formerly occupying its territory. Among the most widely used was the German M1918 helmet, better known as the Stahlhelm. Large numbers of French Adrian helmets were also being used. However, as the shape of the helmet was one of the most distinctive marks on the battlefield, already in 1919 the Polish Army started working on a genuine Polish helmet, distinct from those used by the armies of surrounding countries and offering better protection than the German helmet.
The initial work on a new helmet was directed by the IBMU institute in Warsaw, with the chief engineer being Leonard Krauze. The design team created an outer shell, but the design process came to a halt in mid-1920s due to problems with the inner lining and production process preparation. It was decided to purchase a ready-made design or use a technological process developed in another country. Swedish Eskilstuna Stal Pressing AB steel mill was chosen as the contractor and a Polish commission spent several weeks observing the Swedish technology. In the end the Polish ministry of military affairs decided to buy a license for Swedish helmet suspension and liners, and to design a custom outer shell.
The shell was based on an earlier Polish design, the hełm wz. 30 which never entered serial production. The most notable modification included liquidation of the horn-like ventilator lugs, similar to the ones found on early German helmets. 300 copies of the modernised design were ordered for testing and were then extensively modified by the Pokój steel mill, the Warsaw-based Arms Factory No. 2 and the Wolbrom-based Ideal works. Simultaneously, the Warsaw-based "W. Karpiński and M. Leppert" factory designed a new type of grainy non-glossy paint to eliminate light reflection. The new paint was patented under the name of "Salamandra" (salamander) and accepted by the ministry.
The tests of the modernised 1930 design were successful and by September 1932 the first 120 copies were made by the Bismarck and Silesia steel mills, the latter equipped with a complete production line of German World War I Stahlhelm helmets. Further tests at the Infantry Training Centre in Rembertów near Warsaw led to further minor modifications. Finally the Ministry chose two steel mills as contractors for serial production. The Kielce-based Huta Ludwików factory started serial production of helmet shells from a nickel-chrome-molybdenum steel alloy provided by the Baildon Steel Mill. At the same time some of the helmets were being produced from less durable manganese steel. Due to project's secrecy it was officially referred to in military purchase orders as "kettle production". Initially costing 21,70 złoty apiece, with time the price dropped to 16,50 złoty.
The first batches of serially-produced helmets entered field service in January 1933. Initially issued to infantry and artillery, in time it was also provided to the Polish Navy and Border Protection Corps. The Border Guards and State Police were provided with a variant of the wz.31 helmet with a large (10 centimetres in diameter) White Eagle adorning the forehead. However, at the end of the 1930s it was determined that the standard Polish wz. 31 helmet was unsuitable for tank troops and motorized units; while offering decent protection, it was too large and heavy. Because of that most of motorised units continued to use German Stahlhelms, while the cavalry used the French Adrian Helmet. The latter was also issued to many of the units mobilised in 1939.
Variants
Export version
The export variants were identical to the original wz.31 helmet except for the paint: instead of standard khaki used in Poland the Spanish Republic used black mat.
Hełm wz. 31/50
While the production of the wz.31 ended with the German and Soviet occupation of Poland in 1939, the Kielce-based Huta Ludwików retained large numbers of original helmet shells in its warehouses. After the war production did not resume and instead the Polish Army was equipped with Soviet Ssh-39 helmets. However, the remaining wz.31 shells were fitted with lining from German M1935 helmet and issued to various military colleges.
Users
References
Kijak J., Hełmy Wojska Polskiego 1917–2000, Wydawnictwo Bellona, Warsaw 2004, .
External links
Hełm wz. 31 at przeciwlotnicza.pl
Combat helmets of Poland
World War II military equipment of Poland
Military equipment introduced in the 1930s | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/He%C5%82m%20wz.%2031 |
Eleanor Parke Custis may refer to:
Eleanor Parke Custis Lewis (1779–1854), known as Nelly, step-granddaughter of George Washington
Eleanor Parke Custis (artist) (1897–1983), American painter and photographer | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eleanor%20Parke%20Custis |
The president of the Republic of Palau is the head of state and head of government of Palau. The president is directly elected to a four-year term, and can be reelected once in a consecutive manner.
List of officeholders
Latest election
See also
First Lady of Palau
Vice President of Palau
High Commissioner of the Trust Territory of the Pacific Islands
References
Palau
Presidents
Palau, Presidents of
1980 establishments in Palau | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/President%20of%20Palau |
Vahid Tarokh (; born ) is an Iranian–American electrical engineer, mathematician, computer scientist, and professor. Since 2018, he has served as a Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering, a Professor of Mathematics, and the Rhodes Family Professor of Electrical and Computer Engineering at Duke University. From 2019 to 2021, he was a Microsoft Data Science Investigator at Microsoft Innovation Hub at Duke University. Tarokh works with complex datasets and uses machine learning algorithms to predict catastrophic events.
Biography
Vahid Tarokh was born in the Imperial State of Iran. He received the M.Sc. degree in Mathematics from University of Windsor, Ontario, Canada in 1992, and the PhD in Electrical Engineering from the University of Waterloo, Ontario, Canada in 1995. At the University of Waterloo, he studied under Ian Fraser Blake, who also served as his Ph.D. advisor; his dissertation was titled Trellis Complexity of Lattices (1995).
He worked at AT&T Labs-Research until 2000, and at Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) as an associate professor from 2000 until 2002. He worked at Harvard University as a Hammond Vinton Hayes Senior Fellow of Electrical Engineering, and as a Perkins Professor of Applied Mathematics from 2002 until 2017. He joined Duke University in January 2018.
His current research interests are in representation, computer modeling, inference, and prediction from data.
Honors
Elected as a member into the National Academy of Engineering (2019).
Gordon Moore's Distinguished Scholar (2017).
2016 Honorary Dr. Tech. H.C. University of Southern Denmark
Sciencewatch World's Most Influential Scientific Minds (2014).
2014 Thomson Reuters Highly Cited Researcher (based only on published papers between 2002–2012).
2014 IEEE Communications Society Award for Advances in Communications
Honorary D. Sc., Concordia University, 2013
2013 IEEE Eric E. Sumner Award
2012 IEEE TCCN (Technical Committee on Cognitive Networks) Publication Award (for the modeling and information theoretic development of the cognitive radio channel)
2011 Guggenheim Fellowship in Applied Mathematics (for contributions to the spectral theory of pseudo-random matrices)
IEEE Fellow, 2009
Honorary D.Sc., The University of Windsor, 2003
IEEE Communications Society 50th Anniversary Recognition (named by the IEEE Communications Society as the author of one of the most important 57 papers published in society's transactions in the past 50 years), 2002
TR100 Award (selected as one of the top 100 inventors of the year by the Technology Review Magazine), 2002
Alan T. Waterman Award 2001
IEEE Information Theory Society Paper Award, 1999
Governor General of Canada's Academic Gold Medal 1996
See also
List of University of Waterloo people
References
External links
Vahid Tarokh's Home page
1967 births
Living people
21st-century American engineers
Canadian electrical engineers
University of Windsor alumni
University of Waterloo alumni
Harvard University faculty
Duke University faculty
Iranian emigrants to the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vahid%20Tarokh |
Custis is a surname which may refer to:
People related to George Washington
Daniel Parke Custis (1711–1757), son of John Custis and first husband of Martha Washington
Eleanor Parke Custis Lewis (1779–1854), step-granddaughter of George Washington
George Washington Parke Custis (1781–1857), son of John Parke Custis and adopted son of George Washington
Hancock Custis, a member of the Virginia House of Burgesses (1710–1712), brother of John Custis
John Custis (1678–1749), member of the Virginia governor's Council and father of Daniel Parke Custis
John Parke Custis (1754–1781), son of Daniel Parke Custis and stepson of George Washington
Martha Washington (1731–1802), Martha Custis (as the widow of Daniel Custis) before she married George Washington
Mary Anna Custis, daughter of George Washington Parke Custis and wife of General Robert E. Lee
Mary Custis Vezey (1904-1994), poet and translator, related through her father, Henry Custis Vezey (1873–1939)
Mary Lee Fitzhugh Custis (1788–1853), wife of George Washington Parke Custis
Others
Ace Custis (born 1974), American retired professional basketball player
Bernie Custis (1928–2017), first black quarterback in North American football
Donald L. Custis (1917–2021), United States Navy vice admiral | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Custis |
Karel Klostermann (; 13 February 1848 – 17 July 1923) was a Czech-German writer. He wrote under the alias Faustin.
Biography
Klostermann was born on 13 February 1848 in Haag am Hausruck, Upper Austria. From 1857 to 1865, he went to school in Písek in what is now the Czech Republic. He studied medicine until 1869 in Vienna, and was later active as a teacher of German and French at the German high school in Plzeň. He first wrote his works in German; later he turned to the Czech language and wrote novellas about the inhabitants of the middle Bohemian Forest. This can be found in the collection V srdci šumavských hvozdů ("In the heart of the Bohemian Forest"). Some of his novellas are set in and around the town of Kašperské Hory.
Klostermann died on 17 July 1923 in Štěkeň, at the age of 75.
Selected works
Ze světa lesních samot (From the world of forest solitude) – 1891
Syn svobodného soudce (The son of the free judge)
Pěst v příbězích (Fist in stories)
Honours
Klostermann Hut in Modrava was named after Karel Klostermann.
References
1848 births
1923 deaths
People from Grieskirchen District
Czech male writers
Austrian male writers
Czech-language writers
Czech writers in German
Czech people of Austrian descent
Austrian people of Czech descent
German people of Czech descent
German people of Austrian descent
German Bohemian people
German male writers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karel%20Klostermann |
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