text stringlengths 3 277k | source stringlengths 31 193 |
|---|---|
Ghazāla (; died 696 AD near Kufa) was a leader of the Kharijite movement.
Biography
Ghazāla, born in Mosul, was the wife of Shabib ibn Yazid al-Shaybani. Shabib rebelled against Umayyad rule, and Ghazala was actively at his side. She commanded troops, following in the footsteps of previous Muslim women like Juwayriyya bint al-Ḥārith at the Battle of Yarmuk.
In one battle, she made the Umayyad governor Hajjāj ibn-Yūsuf flee, and take refuge in his palace in Kufa. As a result, a poem was composed shaming him for posterity: You are a lion against me, but in the battle an ostrich which spreads its wings and hurries off on hearing the chirping of a sparrow.
Why did you not go forth in the conflict and fight with Ghazala hand to hand? But no! Your heart fled from you (as if) with the wings of a bird. In 696 AD (77 AH), after having controlled the city of Kufa for a day, Ghazāla led her male warriors in prayer as well as recited two of the longest chapters from the Quran during the prayer in the Mosque.
She was killed in battle, and her head was cut off for presenting it to Hajjaj. However, her husband Shabib sent a horseman who killed the carrier of his wife's head, and had a proper burial for it.
References
696 deaths
7th-century women
Women in medieval warfare
Year of birth unknown
People from Mosul
Women in war in the Middle East
7th-century people from the Umayyad Caliphate
Military history of the Umayyad Caliphate
Kharijites
7th-century Arab people
Arab women in war | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ghazala |
Michael Mallory (born 1955) is a writer on the subjects of animation and post-war pop culture, and the author of the books X-Men: The Characters and Their Universe, Universal Studios Monsters: A Legacy of Horror The Science Fiction Universe and Beyond, and Essential Horror Movies. As an animation and film historian he has written over 600 articles, frequently for Variety, the Los Angeles Times and Animation Magazine, and has been featured in documentaries and DVD extras about animation. He co-authored the memoirs of animation legend Iwao Takamoto, which were published in 2009 as Iwao Takamoto: My Life with a Thousand Characters. He has also written the script for the annual Annie Awards ceremony, the Oscars of the animation industry, since the mid-1990s.
Life
Mallory was born in Port Huron, Michigan, and was raised in Pontiac, Michigan. As a teenager he appeared in summer stock plays with the Kenley Players and went on to receive a degree in Speech, with a theatre/broadcasting emphasis, from Drury College (now Drury University) in Springfield, Missouri. After a stint as a radio newscaster in Springfield he relocated to Los Angeles to pursue an acting career. He made numerous appearances on the local stage and played bit roles in films such as Frances, Staying Alive and Eleanor: First Lady of the World (all 1982) and on television in Days of Our Lives, Santa Barbara and General Hospital, as well as a handful of commercials and industrial films. More recently he has appeared on Mad Men, Vegas, and Mob City, in which he played Abe "Greenie" Greenberg, whose murder propels the plot of the series, Angie Tribeca, and NCIS. In the late 1980s Mallory made writing his primary pursuit and for a while he served as a writer for Disneyland and other theme park venues. He scripted the large-format, 3-D attraction film Haunts of the Olde Country, which premiered at Busch Gardens in Williamsburg, Virginia, in 1993 and played there for several years. His 2009 book Universal Studios Monsters: A Legacy of Horror, a history of Universal horror film series, earned an honorable mention from the Rondo Hatton Classic Horror Awards, and Marvel: The Expanding Universe Wall Chart took the Silver 2009 Book of the Year Award from ForeWord Reviews. He lives with his wife and son in Glendale, California.
Mystery writing
Mallory also writes murder mysteries, often featuring "Amelia Watson", the second (and previously unheralded) wife of Dr. Watson of Sherlock Holmes fame. Five volumes of Amelia Watson stories have appeared to date: the 2000 collection The Adventures of the Second Mrs. Watson, the 2004 novel Murder in the Bath, a second collection, The Exploits of the Second Mrs. Watson, published in 2008, a novel The Stratford Conspiracy, published in 2012, and a third collection, The Other Mrs. Watson, published in 2016 in England. A second series featuring Hollywood-based detective Dave Beauchamp began in 2013 with the novel Kill the Mother!. The most recent Dave Beauchamp adventure is Dig That Crazy Sphinx!, published in 2022. Mallory has written more than 150 short stories for adults and children, including a series of mysteries starring an eleven-year-old sleuth named "Scotty," which appeared periodically in the Los Angeles Times. He was the creator and co-editor (with Lisa Seidman and Rochelle Krich) of the mystery anthology Murder on Sunset Boulevard, which was published through the auspices of the Los Angeles chapter of the national organization, Sisters in Crime, and also co-edited (with Harley Jane Kozak and Nathan Walpow) its follow-up, LAndmarked for Murder. He was among the first recipients of a Derringer Award, winning in 1998 for Best Flash (short-short) Mystery Story, and his story "The Beast of Guangming Peak" was listed as a "Distinguished Mystery Story of 2004" in the book "The Best American Mystery Stories, 2005," edited by Joyce Carol Oates and Otto Penzler. He has been listed in subsequent "Best American Mystery Stories" volumes, in 2014 and 2018. He has been nominated for a Pushcart Prize three times, for both fiction and nonfiction.
Horror writing
Mallory has written horror stories for both young readers and adults. His novella Night Shocker was published in 1997 by Baronet Books as part of their "FrightTime" series, a string of books along the lines of the then-popular Goosebumps series. He contributed more short horror tales for kids for the "Chiller" page of the website MysteryNet.com. In 2012, he came out with his first horror novel for adults, The Mural, which is published by Borgo Press.
Journalism
Mallory has written more than 600 magazine, newspaper, and online articles about film, animation, and pop culture, for publications such as The Los Angeles Times, Variety, The Hollywood Reporter, Animation Magazine, Mystery Scene, and scores of others.
Selected bibliography
Novels
Dig That Crazy Sphinx!
Ebenezer Scrooge and the Battle for Christmas
Bada-Bing, Bada-Tomb!
Death Walks Skid Row
Dead and In Person!
Eats to Die For!
Kill the Mother!
The Mural
The Stratford Conspiracy
Murder in the Bath
Collections
The Other Mrs. Watson
The Exploits of the Second Mrs. Watson
The Adventures of the Second Mrs. Watson
Nonfiction
Hanna-Barbera Cartoons
Marvel: The Characters and Their Universe
X-Men: The Characters and Their Universe
Marvel: The Expanding Universe Wall Chart
Universal Studios Monsters: A Legacy of Horror
Iwao Takamoto: My Life with a Thousand Characters (co-writer)
The Science Fiction Universe and Beyond
Essential Horror Movies
The Art of Krampus
The Vampire Diaries: Unlocking the Secrets of Mystic Falls
Marvel's Black Widow
As editor
LAndmarked for Murder (anthology)
Murder on Sunset Boulevard (anthology)
Short stories
"The Sacred White Elephant of Mandalay" (2010, published in Sherlock Holmes: The American Years)
See also
The Jetsons
References
Living people
Novelists from Michigan
American non-fiction writers
American mystery writers
Historians of animation
People from Port Huron, Michigan
1955 births
Writers from Glendale, California
Drury University alumni
American male novelists
American male non-fiction writers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Mallory |
WICU may refer to:
WICU (AM), a radio station (1310 AM) licensed to serve Warren, Pennsylvania, United States
WICU-FM, a radio station (92.7 FM) licensed to serve Lawrence Park, Pennsylvania
WICU-TV, a television station (channel 12) licensed to serve Erie, Pennsylvania
WFNN, a radio station (1330 AM) licensed to serve Erie, Pennsylvania, which held the call sign WICU from 1957 to 1967 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WICU |
Amara is a town in Ialomița County, Muntenia, Romania. It is located in Bărăgan on the shores of Lake Amara, at 7 km kilometers north of the county capital, Slobozia. Amara was elevated to town status in 2004.
Demographics
At the 2011 census, Amara had a total of 7080 residents, 3507 males and 3573 females. 10 years later, at the 2021 census, the total population dropped to 6805.
References
Amara
Amara
Localities in Muntenia
Spa towns in Romania | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amara%2C%20Romania |
Robert John Fleming (November 23, 1854 – October 26, 1925) was twice Mayor of Toronto (1892–1893 and 2nd incumbency 1896–1897)
Born in Toronto, Robert John Fleming was of Irish ancestry, the son of William and Jane (Cauldwell) Fleming. Educated in Toronto public schools he first entered the business world in real estate. From there he moved on to the Toronto Railway Company becoming the general manager in 1905. He was also a member of the Orange Order in Canada.
Fleming's political career began as an Alderman for the Ward of St. David's 1886 to 1890. In 1892 Toronto municipal election, he was elected mayor of Toronto. He was defeated in 1894 and 1895 but was returned to office in the 1896 Toronto municipal election and again the next year. He resigned in 1897 to accept appointment as an assessment commissioner of Toronto and held that position until 1904. In 1894, he presided over the National Exhibition Convention at Montreal. Fleming was president in 1895 of the Dominion Prohibitory Alliance. He strongly believed in the prohibition of liquor traffic.
Fleming resigned as Mayor in 1897 and ran for mayor again in the 1923 Toronto municipal election against Mayor Charles A. Maguire and was defeated.
As a businessman he was general manager of the Toronto and Niagara Power Company, general manager of the Toronto Electric Light Company and general manager of the Electrical Development Company of Ontario. He was also director of the Toronto Board of Trade. He was a member of the Toronto Harbor Commission in 1921.
Fleming Crescent in Leaside is named in his honour.
Personal life
He married (first) in December 1879 Margaret Jane Breadon, who died in March 1883; she was the daughter of Christopher Breadon of Montreal. His second marriage in October 1888 was to Lydia Jane Orford, daughter of William Orford of Toronto. He was the father of four sons and five daughters. Fleming had an active interest in thoroughbred horses.
Robert John Fleming died in 1925 and was buried in Mount Pleasant Cemetery, Toronto.
References
Jesse Edgar Middletown: The Municipality of Toronto - A History, Dominion Publishing, 1923
Cath McKenty, née Fleming: Polly of Bridgewater Farm. (about the family of Fleming and immigration from Tyrone to Canada)
Jane Pitfield: Leaside, Natural Heritage, 1999
1854 births
1925 deaths
Canadian people of Irish descent
Mayors of Toronto | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20John%20Fleming%20%28Canadian%20politician%29 |
Father Paul Guillaume Farges (1844–1912) was a French Catholic missionary, botanist and plant collector, based for much of his life (from 1867) in China, serving at Chongqing from 1892 until his death.
He collected over 4,000 plant specimens, including numerous species new to science, which were sent back to the National Museum of Natural History in Paris, where they were named and described by Adrien Franchet.
His name is commemorated in several plants, including Abies fargesii, Corylus fargesii, Decaisnea fargesii, Salix fargesii, and Torreya fargesii. Most notably, the bamboo genus Fargesia is named for him.
See also
Catholic Church in Sichuan
References
19th-century French botanists
Botanists active in China
Roman Catholic missionaries in Sichuan
Roman Catholic missionaries in Tibet
1844 births
1912 deaths
Missionary botanists
20th-century French botanists
Catholic Church in Chongqing | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Guillaume%20Farges |
Let's All Sing With the Chipmunks is the debut album of Alvin and the Chipmunks. It is a children's novelty album. The songs on the record are a mixture between cover versions of children's songs in the public domain and customized original musical material. It contains the A-sides of the Chipmunks' first three singles: "The Chipmunk Song (Christmas Don't Be Late)", "Alvin's Harmonica" and "Ragtime Cowboy Joe". The artist credit on the original release was listed as Ross Bagdasarian (changed to "Alvin, Simon and Theodore with David Seville" on the revised 1961 cover).
Album cover variations
The original issue of the album depicted three realistic looking chipmunks on the cover, with Alvin making a pose like the then-recently deceased Al Jolson. When the album was reissued two years later, a new cover was substituted, that of an Alvin Show animation cel setup reenacting the poses the original chipmunks made, with the exception of Alvin, who was now shown as making a pose like Elvis Presley. The 2008 compact disc reissue uses the 1961 front cover design along with the original 1959 back cover.
Track listing
All songs would later be adapted as animated musical segments for The Alvin Show.
Side one
"Yankee Doodle" (Trad., arr. Ross Bagdasarian Sr.) – 1:57
"Chipmunk Fun" (Bagdasarian Sr.) – 1:58
"The Little Dog (Oh Where, Oh Where Has My Little Dog Gone)" (Septimus Winner)– 1:59
"Old MacDonald Cha Cha Cha" (Trad., arr. Bagdasarian Sr.) – 1:55
"Three Blind (Folded) Mice" (Trad., arr. Bagdasarian Sr.) – 1:54
"Alvin's Harmonica" (Bagdasarian Sr.) – 2:42
Side two
"Good Morning Song" (Mildred Hill) – 1:09
"Whistle While You Work" (Frank Churchill, Larry Morey) – 1:49
"If You Love Me (Alouette)" (Trad., arr. Bagdasarian Sr.) – 2:12
"Ragtime Cowboy Joe" (Maurice Abrahams) – 2:08
"Pop Goes the Weasel" (Trad., arr. Bagdasarian Sr.) – 1:19
"The Chipmunk Song (Christmas Don't Be Late)" (Bagdasarian, Sr.) – 2:21
Production credits
Ross Bagdasarian - Producer
Ted Keep - Engineer
Pate/Francis & Assoc. - cover design and actual artwork - [original pressing]
Studio Five - animation artwork - reissue pressing
References
1959 debut albums
Alvin and the Chipmunks albums
Liberty Records albums
Albums produced by Ross Bagdasarian | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Let%27s%20All%20Sing%20with%20The%20Chipmunks |
The Obelisk entrance (German Obeliskportal) constitutes the eastern limit of Sanssouci Park in Potsdam, Germany. Following plans by Georg Wenzeslaus von Knobelsdorff, Frederick the Great ordered in 1747 that this exit from the park be built.
The New Palace, built at a later date, stands in the line of sight of the entrance; the two are connected by the roughly 2 km long main alley.
Two sandstone statues from the workshop of the sculptor Friedrich Christian Glume stand next to the pillars positioned in a square, right and left from the lower gateway to the park. Flora, the goddess of flowers, and Pomona, the goddess of fruit, draw attention to the fusion of the ornamental and kitchen garden styles in the park.
The obelisk entrance was used in Frederick's time solely as an exit from the park. This is the reason that the figures look into the interior of the park, so that they can say farewell to the guests.
The name of the palace is written a few steps beyond the obelisk. Likewise sketched by von Knobelsdorff, it indicates the boundary of Sanssouci Park.
The decorative hieroglyphs were given over to the imagination of the artist and thus contain no text, as in the 18th century a translation of the ancient characters was not possible.
References
This article is based on a translation from the German article
External links
Potsdam from Above – Obelisk
Obelisks in Germany
Buildings and structures in Potsdam
Sanssouci Park | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Obelisk%20%28Sanssouci%29 |
Benjamin Arthur Flemyng (3 January 1912 – 22 May 1995), known professionally as Robert Flemyng, was a British actor. The son of a doctor, and originally intended for a medical career, Flemyng learned his stagecraft in provincial repertory theatre. In 1935 he appeared in a leading role in the West End, and the following year had his first major success, in Terence Rattigan's comedy French Without Tears. Between then and the Second World War he appeared in London and New York in a succession of comedies.
On the outbreak of war in 1939 Flemyng volunteered for the Royal Army Service Corps, and served with distinction, winning the Military Cross. After the war he continued to appear in light comedies, but also took on more serious roles in plays by T. S. Eliot, Graham Greene, John Whiting and others. He toured Australia, Britain, Canada, India, South Africa and the US in a wide range of parts, from comedy to classic drama.
Flemyng's broadcasting was principally in two television series in the 1960s, in the second of which, Compact, he appeared in more than 100 episodes. He made more than 30 cinema films, including The Guinea Pig (1948), The Blue Lamp (1950), The Man Who Never Was (1956), Blind Date (1959) and The Quiller Memorandum (1966).
Life and career
Early years
Flemyng was born in Liverpool, the son of George Gilbert Flemyng, a physician, and his second wife Rowena Eleanor, née Jacques. He was educated at Haileybury, and was then a medical student before abandoning medicine in favour of the theatre.
In June 1931, at the age of 19, Flemyng made his stage debut, playing Kenneth Raglan in Patrick Hamilton's thriller Rope at the County Theatre, Truro. He made his first appearance in London at the Westminster Theatre in October 1931, walking on in The Anatomist, and during 1932 he toured with Violet Vanbrugh's company, playing Cyril Greenwood in After All. In 1932 he joined the Liverpool Repertory Company at the Liverpool Playhouse. The company was directed by William Armstrong, who became known for training future stars including Robert Donat, Rex Harrison, Michael Redgrave and Diana Wynyard. Flemyng stayed at the Playhouse for three seasons, playing a wide range of roles. While there, he met his future wife, the actress Carmen Sugars.
Flemyng was still under contract to the Liverpool company when Raymond Massey and Gladys Cooper offered him a major West End role in the comedy Worse Things Happen at Sea. Armstrong, always willing to help his protégés, arranged for Flemyng's immediate release from the rest of his contract. The new play opened at the St James's Theatre; reviews for the piece were lukewarm but the cast, including Flemyng, were praised by the press. He played in four more light comedy roles between September 1935 and March 1936, before his first big success, of which the director Derek Granger wrote:
The play ran for 1,025 performances. Fleming played the role for 18 months, before handing over to Hubert Gregg for the rest of the run.
In April 1938 Flemyng appeared as the juvenile lead in a new Ben Travers farce, Banana Ridge. Later that year he made his North American debut, playing Tony Fox-Collier in the comedy Spring Meeting, which opened at His Majesty's Theatre, Montreal in November and at the Morosco Theatre, New York the following month, running there until March 1939. He remained on Broadway to play Makepiece Lovell in No Time for Comedy; his notices were good: the stars of the production were Laurence Olivier and Katherine Cornell but the reviewer in The Stage said that Flemyng "comes close to walking away with the show". In September 1939, on the outbreak of the Second World War, Flemying left the cast and returned to England to join the armed forces. He was an avid Everton FC supporter.
Second World War and post-war
Flemyng volunteered for the Royal Army Service Corps. He was commissioned and rose to become a full colonel at 33, one of the youngest in the British army. The Independent reports that "he served with great gallantry in Eritrea and Italy, in both of which campaigns he saw action". He was awarded the Military Cross (MC) in 1941, was mentioned in despatches, and was appointed OBE (military) in 1945.
At the end of the war Flemyng's first appearance was as Lord Harpenden in Rattigan's While the Sun Shines in an ENSA tour that finished at the Théâtre Marigny, Paris. In Britain he played a more serious role than usual in The Guinea Pig, a long-running play about a social experiment in which a working-class boy is sent to an exclusive private school. He reprised the role in a film version of the play, released in 1948. In 1947 he again played on Broadway, in a company led by John Gielgud; Flemyng played Algernon Moncrieff to Gielgud's John Worthing in The Importance of Being Earnest and Ben to his Valentine in Love for Love.
After returning to England, Flemyng appeared as Rowlie Bateson in Frank Vosper's People Like Us (July 1948), and Philotas in Rattigan's Adventure Story (June 1949). In a revival of French Without Tears he switched roles, playing the Hon Alan Howard, the part played by Rex Harrison in the first production. According to Granger, Flemyng "revealed a new, unsuspected, strength" when he appeared with Alec Guinness in T. S. Eliot's blank verse play The Cocktail Party at the Edinburgh Festival and then London and New York, in 1949–50. As Edward Chamberlayne, the distraught husband, Flemyng:
1950s and 1960s
In the 1950s, Flemyng moved between light comedy – new and classic – and more serious roles. He toured southern Africa in Nancy Mitford's The Little Hut and Roger MacDougall's To Dorothy, A Son, and in London took over in the former from Robert Morley in the West End run. The piece ran for 1,261 performances; Flemyng was succeeded by Hugh Sinclair. In 1952–53 Flemyng toured the US, co-starring with Cornell, in Somerset Maugham's The Constant Wife. In 1954 he played a serious role, General Rupert Forster, a war criminal, in John Whiting's Marching Song.
Later in 1954 Flemyng appeared at the ANTA Playhouse, Broadway in a short-lived adaptation of Henry James's Portrait of a Lady. After a British tour in John Van Druten's comedy Bell, Book and Candle, Flemyng returned to Broadway in January 1957 to create the role of James Callifer in Graham Greene's The Potting Shed. In the same year he made his first Hollywood film, accepting Stanley Donen's invitation to appear in Funny Face.
In the 1960s Flemyng played a wide range of roles from old classics to heavyweight modern works and light comedy. He played Dr Sloper in The Heiress (1964), toured Australia as Anthony Wilcox in the boardroom melodrama Difference of Opinion (1965), returned to the US in The Cocktail Party, this time in the central role of Harcourt-Reilly (1965), and toured Britain as Garry Essendine in Present Laughter (1966).
Back in London, Flemyng played Richard Halton in On Approval (1966), Gregory Butler in Giles Cooper's Happy Family (1957), and Colonel Melkett in Black Comedy (1968). His final stage roles of the decade were in plays by Shakespeare and Shaw: Shylock in The Merchant of Venice at the Playhouse, Newcastle, in March 1969. Sir Colenso Ridgeon in The Doctor's Dilemma at the Shaw Festival, Niagara-on-the-Lake in June 1969, and Sir Broadfoot Basham in On the Rocks on a British tour later in the year.
Later years: 1970–1995
At the beginning of the 1970s Flemyng again appeared in Shaw plays, as Mr Bompas in How He Lied to Her Husband and General Michelin in Press Cuttings (1970). Later in the year he played Maitland in The Chalk Garden, and returned to Shaw in 1971 as the Rev James Morrell in Candida. In 1973 he toured as Andrew Wyke in Sleuth, and the following year he toured South Africa as Sebastian Crutwell in Rattigan's In Praise of Love, subsequently repeating the part at the Theatre Royal, Windsor in 1975. Later in the year he toured in England and Canada as Philip in Alan Ayckbourn's Relatively Speaking.
In 1980 Flemyng played Sorin in The Seagull with Barbara Jefford as Arkadina, and the following year he co-starred in William Douglas-Home's The Kingfisher with Michael Denison and Dulcie Gray. He appeared for two years at the Savoy Theatre in Michael Frayn's Noises Off, taking over the role of Selsdon Mowbray from Michael Aldridge in early 1983 and handing it over to Hugh Paddick at the end of 1984. In 1988 he played Colonel Pickering in My Fair Lady to the Higgins of Denis Quilley and the Eliza of Liz Robertson. The following year he appeared with Michael Gambon and Jack Lemmon at the Haymarket in Veterans' Day in which they played veterans of, respectively, the First and Second World Wars and the Vietnam War.
In his late seventies Flemyng went on an arduous tour of India with John Dexter's Haymarket company, playing the title role in Julius Caesar, and Oedipus in Creon, Stephen Spender's version of Sophocles' Oedipus Rex. Among his last stage performances was a return to The Chalk Garden in 1992, this time playing the Judge, to the Mrs St Maugham of Constance Cummings and the Miss Marigold of Jean Marsh.
Broadcasting and cinema
Television
Flemyng's first television appearance was in 1949, playing Alan Howard in an adaptation of French Without Tears. In 1961 he co-starred with A. J. Brown in the ITV Granada series Family Solicitor. In 1962 and 1963 he played Edmund Bruce in more than 100 episodes of the BBC soap opera Compact. In 1964 he took the role of Julian in a TV version of A Day by the Sea, and the following year appeared as Michael in Graham Greene's The Living Room. In 1967 he appeared in The Avengers episode entitled "You Have Just Been Murdered" as Lord Maxted. In a dramatisation of Vanity Fair in 1970 he played Lord Steyne, and in 1979 he played Colonel Julyan in Daphne du Maurier's Rebecca. In 1982, in an eight-part adaptation of Howard Spring's Fame Is the Spur he played Lord Lostwithiel. In one-off television dramas he appeared in works by Agatha Christie (Spider's Web, 1985) and Muriel Spark (Memento Mori, 1992) and in 1995 he made his last television appearances, as John Godwin in a five-part adaptation of Joanna Trollope's The Choir.
Radio
Flemyng was only an occasional broadcaster on radio. The BBC relayed excerpts from the stage productions of The Guinea Pig in 1946 and Adventure Story in 1949, and he appeared with Gielgud in scenes from The Importance of Being Earnest in 1947. He played Edward Voysey in a radio version of The Voysey Inheritance in 1951 and was in an adaptation of Happy Family broadcast by the West End cast in 1967.
Cinema
In his Who's Who entry Flemyng mentioned four of his films: Head Over Heels – his first – and The Guinea Pig (1948), The Blue Lamp (1950) and The Man Who Never Was (1956). His other film roles included a senior policeman in the 1959 Joseph Losey drama Blind Date opposite Stanley Baker, and the sardonic British Secret Intelligence Service chief in the 1966 thriller The Quiller Memorandum opposite George Sanders. His later films include Kafka (1991) and Shadowlands (1993).
Head Over Heels (1937) as Pierre
Bond Street (1948) as Frank Moody
The Guinea Pig (1948) as Nigel Lorraine
Conspirator (1949) as Captain Hugh Ladholme
The Blue Lamp (1950) as Det. Sgt. Roberts
Blackmailed (1951) as Dr. Giles Freeman
The Magic Box (1951) as Doctor in Surgery
The Holly and the Ivy (1952) as Major
Cast a Dark Shadow (1955) as Philip Mortimer
The Man Who Never Was (1956) as Lt. George Acres
Funny Face (1957) as Paul Duval
Let's Be Happy (1957) as Lord James MacNairn
Windom's Way (1957) as Col. George Hasbrook
Blind Date (1959) as Sir Brian Lewis
A Touch of Larceny (1959) as Cmdr. John Larkin
The Horrible Dr. Hichcock (1962) as Prof. Bernard Hichcock
The King's Breakfast (1963) as Chamberlain
Mystery Submarine (1963) as Vice-Adm. Sir James Carver
The Quiller Memorandum (1966) as Rushington
The Spy with a Cold Nose (1966) as Chief MI5
The Deadly Affair (1967) as Samuel Fennan
The Blood Beast Terror (1968) as Dr. Carl Mallinger
The Body Stealers (1969) as Wing Cmdr. Baldwin
Oh! What a Lovely War (1969) as Major Mallory as Staff Officer in Gassed Trench
Battle of Britain (1969) as Wing Cmdr. Willoughby
The Firechasers (1971) as Carlton
Young Winston (1972) as Dr. Buzzard
The Darwin Adventure (1972) as Prof. Henslow
Travels with My Aunt (1972) as Crowder
Golden Rendezvous (1977) as Capt. Bullen
The Four Feathers (1978) as Old Colonel
The Medusa Touch (1978) as Judge McKinley
The Thirty Nine Steps (1978) as Magistrate
Paris by Night (1988) as Jack Sidmouth
Kafka (1991) as The Keeper of the Files
Shadowlands (1993) as Claude Bird
Personal life
Flemyng married Carmen Martha Sugars in November 1939; by this time, she had switched from acting into theatrical décor, joining the design team Motley. The couple had one daughter. According to a 2003 biography of Alec Guinness, Flemyng, though a devoted family man, was essentially gay, and fell in love in middle age with a younger man, suffering emotional distress that affected his health. The marriage survived, lasting until Carmen Flemyng's death in 1994. Flemyng suffered a stroke in April 1995, and died on 22 May, aged 83. In its obituary, The Stage called him "one of this country's most distinguished and respected performers, the last of the great matinee idols".
References and sources
References
Sources
1912 births
1995 deaths
English male film actors
English male stage actors
British Army personnel of World War II
Royal Army Service Corps officers
Recipients of the Military Cross
Officers of the Order of the British Empire
People educated at Haileybury and Imperial Service College
Male actors from Liverpool
20th-century English male actors
Royal Army Service Corps soldiers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Flemyng |
The statistics for Islam in Antigua and Barbuda estimate a total Muslim population of about 200, representing 0.3 percent of the total population of 67,448. Most of the Muslims of the islands are Arabs of Syrian or Lebanese descent. There are two known Islamic organizations in St. John's, including the Antigua and Barbuda International Islamic Society and the American University of Antigua (School of Medicine) Muslim Students Association. There is also an Ahmadiyya mission in Antigua. Outside St. John's, there is the Muslim Community of Antigua and Barbuda in Codrington, Barbuda. A Pew Research Center survey in 2016 calculated the total number to be around 950.
Antigua and Barbuda have yet to establish a proper mosque, Islamic centre or institutions for Muslims in the country. The proposed site of the first mosque to be constructed by the Antigua and Barbuda International Islamic Society (ABIIS) is located on American Road in St. John's. Currently, the location used for a mosque is a small hut that could accommodate about thirty individuals and is available for Friday prayers, the five daily Salat, the two Eids and Qurbani.
References
Religion in Antigua and Barbuda
Antigua and Barbuda
Antigua and Barbuda | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam%20in%20Antigua%20and%20Barbuda |
Grants/Cibola County Schools is a school district based in Grants, New Mexico, United States.
Attendance area
GCCS's attendance boundary includes most of Cibola County, New Mexico, including the city of Grants. Exceptions are areas on the Zuni Reservation and Fence Lake. While the Ramah Navajo Indian Reservation is physically within Grants/Cibola County Schools, children going to non-tribal public schools are bussed to Ramah's schools, which are operated by the Gallup-McKinley County Schools. The proximity of the nearest schools in Cibola County were so far, away, that Cibola and McKinley counties agreed to have students on the reservation sent to McKinley County schools, including Ramah Elementary School and Ramah Middle/High School.
Schools
Secondary schools
6-12 schools
Laguna Acoma Middle High School
High schools
Grants High School
Middle schools
Los Alamitos Middle School
Primary schools
Bluewater Elementary School
Cubero Elementary School
Mesa View Elementary School (Grants)
Mesa View is one of two elementary schools in Grants, NM. It along with Mount Taylor Elementary serve Grants. Mesa View was founded in 1940, and today has over 400 children attending.
Milan Elementary School (Milan)
Mount Taylor Elementary School (Grants)
San Rafael Elementary School
Seboyeta Elementary School
References
External links
Grants/Cibola County Schools
School districts in New Mexico
Education in Cibola County, New Mexico
Schools in Cibola County, New Mexico | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grants/Cibola%20County%20Schools |
Robert Temple is the name of:
Robert K. G. Temple (b. 1945), American author
Anthony Robert Temple, known as Bob Temple (b. 1926), Canadian Member of Parliament from 1963 to 1965
Robbie Temple, squash player | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Robert%20Temple |
Wasim, Wassim or Waseem ()
() () is a masculine Arabic given name and surname meaning Handsome, Graceful or Good Looking.
People
Abbas Wasim Efendi, Ottoman astronomer
Abdul Waseem, Pakistani politician
Ahmed Waseem Razeek, German footballer
Imad Wasim, British-Pakistani cricketer
Mohammad Wasim, Pakistani cricketer
Muhammad Waseem, Pakistani boxer
Saira Wasim, Pakistani artist
Syed Waseem Hussain, Pakistani politician
Waseem Abbas, Pakistani actor
Waseem Ahmad, Pakistani hockey player
Waseem Akhtar, Pakistani politician
Waseem Al-Bzour, Jordanian football player
Waseem Badami, Pakistani journalist
Waseem Bhatti, French cricketer
Waseem Mirza, British radio and television reporter and presenter
Waseem Shaikh, South African actor
Wasim (Guantanamo captive 338), Saudi detainee
Wasim Akram, Pakistani cricketer
Wasim Barelvi, Indian Urdu poet
Wasim Bari, Pakistani cricketer
Wasim Feroze, Indian footballer
Wasim Haider, Pakistani cricketer
Wasim Jaffer, Indian cricketer
Wasim Jafri, Pakistani Gastroenterologist
Wasim Khan, English cricketer
Wasim Raja, Pakistani cricketer
Wasim Sajjad, Pakistani politician
Wassim Almawi, Lebanese-American biochemist
Wassim Doureihi, Australian Muslim religious activist
Wassim El Banna, Danish-Palestinian footballer
Wassim Helal, Tunisian handball goalkeeper
Wassim Michael Haddad, Lebanese-Greek-American mathematician
Wassim Rezgui, Tunisian footballer
Wasim_(actor), Bangladeshi Film Actor
Muhammad Waseem, Pakistani
Others
Indian masculine given names
Masculine given names | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Wasim |
Etherington is a surname. Notable people with the surname include:
Etherington (cricketer), 19th-century English cricketer
Craig Etherington, (born 1979), English footballer
Gary Etherington (born 1958), former English-American soccer player
Ivor Malcolm Haddon Etherington (1908–1994) British mathematician and geneticist
Jade Etherington (born 1991), British Paralympic skier
Juliet Etherington (born 1979), New Zealand shooting competitor
Matthew Etherington (born 1981), English footballer
Meredith Etherington-Smith (1946–2020), British art and fashion journalist
Robert Etherington (1899–1981), English footballer
Bill Etherington (born 1941), British politician
See also
Wedderburn–Etherington number, an integer sequence
Mount Etherington, a mountain in Western Canada | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Etherington |
Andrew Joseph "Fuzzy" Levane (April 11, 1920 – April 30, 2012) was an American professional basketball player and coach. A 6'2" guard, he played collegiately at St. John's University. He spent three years in the NBA and its predecessor league, the Basketball Association of America, playing for the Rochester Royals, the Syracuse Nationals and the Milwaukee Hawks. In his final year with the Hawks he was a player-coach.
Levane coached the Hawks for one additional season, then coached the New York Knickerbockers. He returned to the Hawks, now playing in St. Louis, for a final season in 1962.
Levane's son, Neil, a.k.a. Fuzzy, was a basketball star at Great Neck South high school on Long Island, New York from 1963 to 1967. Following his senior season, he was listed as a fifth-team Parade Magazine All-American. After playing for a year on the freshmen team at the University of Houston, he transferred to St. John's University in Queens where he played from 1968 to 1970.
In 1992 his legacy was honored by the basketball family of New York City with his induction into the newly formed New York City Basketball of Fame
Andrew Levane died April 30, 2012, of heart failure, at the age of 92.
BAA/NBA career statistics
Regular season
Playoffs
References
External links
BasketballReference.com: Andrew Levane (as coach)
BasketballReference.com: Andrew Levane (as player)
1920 births
2012 deaths
American men's basketball players
Basketball coaches from New York (state)
James Madison High School (Brooklyn) alumni
Milwaukee Hawks head coaches
Milwaukee Hawks players
New York Knicks head coaches
Player-coaches
Rochester Royals players
Shooting guards
Small forwards
Basketball players from Brooklyn
St. John's Red Storm men's basketball players
St. Louis Hawks head coaches
Syracuse Nationals players
Eastern Basketball Association coaches | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andrew%20Levane |
Lisburn railway station serves the city of Lisburn in County Antrim, Northern Ireland.
History
The station was opened on 12 August 1839 by the Ulster Railway. The station buildings were rebuilt in 1878 to designed by William Henry Mills, for the then newly formed Great Northern Railway of Ireland (GNRI).
On Wednesday 20 December 1978, there was a fatal collision between two trains. The fire brigade attended and cut out the person killed from the wreckage. Several other people were treated for minor injuries and shock.
Current building
It has been renovated, with a new waiting area on platform 1, new toilets and vending machines. In addition, on platforms 2 and 3, a coffee shop operates on weekday mornings, to accommodate commuters travelling towards Belfast. To make the station more accessible, lifts have been installed on each platform.
Station House
There is a station house built in Great Northern Railway of Ireland (GNR) style. It is now in private ownership.
Northern Ireland Digital Film Archive
The Northern Ireland Digital Film Archive holds a black and white film clip. It was made in 1897 and was filmed from a moving train going through Lisburn Railway Station from Belfast to Kingstown (now Dún Laoghaire), Dublin. The station's name can be seen and in addition, the view includes the platform, train carriages, station buildings and large houses along the length of North Circular Road, Lisburn.
Service
Mondays to Saturdays, there is a half-hourly service towards or in one direction, and to , or in the other. Extra services run at peak times and reduce to hourly operation in the evenings.
Only one Enterprise service call at the station, the Sunday 09:13 to Dublin Connolly.
Certain peak-time trains also run as expresses between here and .
On Sundays, there is an hourly NIR service in each direction.
Enterprise connections
The Enterprise can be popular with rugby fans connecting at for the DART to Lansdowne Road. The line is also used by rail passengers changing at Dublin Connolly onto the DART to Dún Laoghaire for example or travelling to Dublin Port for the Irish Ferries or Stena Line to Holyhead, and then by train along the North Wales Coast Line to London Euston and other destinations in England and Wales.
Former services
Until 2003, Lisburn was also a stop on the Belfast-Derry railway line. However, in 2001, the Bleach Green route (via Mossley and Templepatrick) was re-opened, after being closed in 1978. This provided a faster route for Derry Line trains than the Lisburn-Antrim line. A skeleton service was operated on this line until 2003 when passenger services were withdrawn.
The other reason the line was cut was because of the congestion on the route, which caused considerable problems with the Enterprise Service for over 20 years. The line itself is still maintained for rolling stock transfers and emergency diversions.
Passengers now wishing to travel to destinations on the Londonderry Line can no longer travel directly from Lisburn station and must travel to to change trains.
Former lines
The Ulster Railway brought trains from Belfast Great Victoria Street railway station to Portadown and Armagh railway station in Armagh. Later the Great Northern Railway of Ireland had a much more extensive system with trains to Omagh, Enniskillen, Bundoran, Strabane and Derry being linked, which in the 1950s and 1960s was closed west of Portadown.
Future lines
There is a possibility of reopening the line to Antrim and possible reopening of the line from Portadown to Armagh railway station in Armagh. The Armagh Line has been listed in proposed plans to reopen the line.
See also
Lisburn West railway station
References
External links
Digital Film Archive – Official web site, provided by Northern Ireland Screen.
Railway stations in County Antrim
Buildings and structures in Lisburn
Railway stations served by NI Railways
Railway stations served by Enterprise
Grade B1 listed buildings
Railway stations in Northern Ireland opened in 1839 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisburn%20railway%20station |
The Legislature of the State of Oklahoma is the state legislative branch of the U.S. state of Oklahoma. The Oklahoma House of Representatives and Oklahoma Senate are the two houses that make up the bicameral state legislature. There are 101 state representatives, each serving a two-year term, and 48 state senators, who serve four-year terms that are staggered so only half of the Oklahoma Senate districts are eligible in each election cycle. Legislators are elected directly by the people from single member districts of equal population. The Oklahoma Legislature meets annually in the Oklahoma State Capitol in Oklahoma City.
The Oklahoma Constitution vests all legislative powers of the state government in the state legislature, which exercises legislative power by enacting Oklahoma law. The legislature may legislate on any subject and has certain "necessary and proper" powers as may be required for carrying into effect the provisions of the Oklahoma Constitution. The powers of the legislature are only limited by the powers reserved to the people, namely initiative and referendum.
The Oklahoma Senate and the Oklahoma House of Representatives are co-equal houses, but each chamber has exclusive powers. The Oklahoma Senate's advice and consent is required for gubernatorial appointments to high-level executive positions. Bills for raising revenue may only originate in the Oklahoma House of Representatives. Bills approved by the legislature must be sent to the Governor of Oklahoma for approval.
History
Early years
Prior to 1907 statehood, Oklahoma Territory had the Oklahoma Territorial Legislature that met in Guthrie, Oklahoma. Upon statehood, the Oklahoma Constitution established the Oklahoma Legislature. The 1st Oklahoma Legislature met in the Guthrie City Hall Building and elected William H. Murray as the first Speaker of the Oklahoma House of Representatives. The first three staff members appointed by Murray were a Union veteran, a Confederate veteran, and an African-American man, Jim Noble. The 2nd Oklahoma Legislature included Oklahoma's first black member, A. C. Hamlin, but passed legislation that made it nearly impossible for African-Americans to seek elective office, which limited him to one term.
The meeting place of the Oklahoma Legislature was moved to Oklahoma City in 1910. The Democratic Party held the majority of seats in the legislature until the Ninth Legislature from 1921–1922, when a Republican Party majority took over.
The 1921 session was also notable because it included Oklahoma's first female state legislators, Representative Bessie McColgin and Senator Lamar Loomey. This occurred shortly after women earned the right to vote in Oklahoma in 1918 through a constitutional amendment approved by voters.
Legislators voted in 1923 to impeach Governor Jack C. Walton for trying to block the legislature from holding special session and administrative practices that included payroll padding, pardons, removal of college administrators, and a large increase in the governor's salary.
Governor Henry S. Johnston became the second governor to be impeached by legislators, with members of the Oklahoma House of Representatives voting eleven articles of impeachment against him, which ultimately led to his expulsion from office.
1930s-Present
In the 1930s, traditionally Republican counties shifted heavily towards Democrats, giving Democrats a large majority in the Legislature. Bipartisan opposition to deficit spending in the late 1930s led to a 1941 constitutional amendment requiring legislators to pass a balanced budget.
In 1964, three black men, Archibald Hill, E. Melvin Porter, and Curtis Lawson, were elected to the Oklahoma Legislature, the first since A. C. Hamlin left office in 1910.
In 1966, voters approved a ballot question that set up annual 90-day legislative sessions. In 1989 another ballot question further limited session by designating the sine die adjournment day, or last day of session, as the last Friday in May. Combined with the 90-day requirement, this moved the session start day to February, leaving the original start day in January as an organizational day.
Beginning in the 1960s, the Republican party made gains in voter registration and state legislative seats. By 1990, the party counted about a third of voters by registration and had similar representation in the Legislature.
In 2010, Republicans gained a large majority of 32 seats in the Oklahoma Senate and 70 seats in the Oklahoma House of Representatives.
Currently, Republicans have a supermajority in both chambers (72 of 101 seats in the House and 40 of 48 seats in the Senate).
Qualifications
To serve in the Oklahoma Senate, an individual must be at least 25 years of age, and to serve in the Oklahoma House of Representatives, an individual must be at least 21 years of age. State legislators must also be qualified electors and residents in the district they represent during their time in office. To file as a candidate for legislative office, a person must have been a registered voter and a resident residing within the district for at least six months immediately preceding the filing period prescribed by law.
Restrictions
The Oklahoma Constitution prohibits state legislators from also serving as another officer of the United States or Oklahoma state government. A felony conviction also disqualifies election to the Oklahoma Legislature.
A constitutional amendment approved by voters implemented a 12-year term limit, restricting legislators to a total of 12 years in the Oklahoma Legislature. The 12-year term limit is a cumulative term limit of service in either chamber, consecutive or non-consecutive. The 12-year limit does not include any service prior to adoption of the amendment. In addition, the limit does not include those years of an unexpired term served by a member elected or appointed to fill a vacancy in office, but no member who has completed 12 years in office is thereafter eligible to serve an unexpired term.
The Oklahoma Legislature is constitutionally required to enact laws barring conflicts of interest for its members. The Oklahoma Ethics Commission currently makes recommendations to state legislators regarding ethical restrictions.
In the event of a vacancy in the state legislature, the governor issues writs of election to fill such vacancies.
Membership
The House of Representatives consists of 101 members, representing single-member districts that are drawn to reflect equal populations.
Until the U.S. Supreme Court's 1964 ruling in the case of Reynolds v. Sims, each of Oklahoma's 77 counties was guaranteed at least one seat in the State House of Representatives. Now though, the less-populated rural counties form multi-county districts. House District 61, for example, includes the entirety of Cimarron, Texas, Beaver and Harper counties as well as parts of the counties of Ellis and Woodward.
The Senate consists of 48 members, representing single-member districts that are drawn to reflect equal populations.
Current party composition
Senate
House
Officers
House officers
The political party with a majority of seats in the Oklahoma House of Representatives is known as the majority party; the next-largest party is the minority party. The Speaker of the Oklahoma House of Representatives is elected by a majority of members of the Oklahoma House of Representatives and is the nominee elected by the majority party caucus, unless a coalition of members of both political parties chooses a coalition candidate. Members of the minority party elect a caucus leader known as the minority leader. The speaker appoints committee chairs and other leadership roles; the minority leader appoints corresponding minority party roles such as "ranking members" of committees.
The Oklahoma Constitution does not specify the duties and powers of the Speaker of the Oklahoma House of Representatives. They are instead regulated by the rules and customs of the house. Under Section 6 of Article VI of the Oklahoma Constitution, the speaker is third in line behind the lieutenant governor and president pro tempore of the state senate to succeed the governor.
The speaker has a role both as a leader of the House and the leader of the majority party. They are the presiding officer of the House, but may appoint another member to serve as the presiding officer in their absence. The presiding officer sits in a chair in the front of the House chamber. The powers of the presiding officer are extensive; one important power is that of controlling the order in which members of the House speak. No member may make a speech or a motion unless they have first been recognized by the presiding officer. The presiding officer may rule on any "point of order" (a member's objection that a rule has been breached), but the decision is subject to appeal to the whole House.
The speaker is the chair of their party's steering committee, which chooses the chairperson of standing committees. The speaker determines which committees consider bills and appoints members of committees. The speaker is also an ex officio voting member on committees. Under the speaker is a speaker pro tempore who assumes the duties of the speaker in their absence. The speaker and the speaker pro tempore are also ex officio voting members on committees.
Each party elects a floor leader, who is known as the majority leader or minority leader. While the minority leader is the full leader of their party, the same is not true of the majority leader. Instead, the speaker is the head of the majority party; the majority leader is only the second-highest official. Each party also elect whips, who works to ensure that their party's members vote as the party leadership desires.
Senate officers
The political party with a majority of seats is known as the majority party; if two or more parties in opposition are tied, the lieutenant governor's affiliation determines which is the majority party in the Oklahoma Senate. The next-largest party is known as the minority party. The president pro tem, floor leader and committee chairs represent the majority party; they have counterparts in the minority party: the minority leader and ranking members of committees.
The Oklahoma Constitution provides that the lieutenant governor serves as the President of the Senate and holds a vote which can only be cast to break a tie. By convention, the lieutenant governor only attends important ceremonial occasions like the swearing-in of new senators or when his vote is needed to break a tie. The constitution also authorizes state senators to elect a President Pro Tempore of the Oklahoma Senate to preside in the lieutenant governor's absence. The president pro tempore is second in line behind the lieutenant governor to succeed the governor. The president pro tempore is the leader of the senate and serves as leader of the majority party. The president pro tempore is an ex officio voting member of state senate committees.
The presiding officer sits in a chair in the front of the Oklahoma Senate chamber. The presiding officer acts as the Oklahoma Senate's mouthpiece, performs duties such as announcing the results of vote, and controls debates by calling on members to speak. The rules of the Senate requires the presiding officer to recognize the first state senator who rises. The presiding officer may rule on any "point of order" (a senator's objection that a rule has been breached), but the decision is subject to appeal to the full membership.
Each party elects a senator to serve as floor leader. The majority floor leader is an ex officio voting member of state senate committees and sets the schedule of what bills will be heard on the chamber floor. Each party also elect whips to assist the leader.
Powers
Section 1 of Article V of the Oklahoma Constitution sets forth the powers of the Legislature. The state's legislative authority is vested within the state legislature as well as other powers. The most important among these powers are the powers to levy and collect taxes, borrow money, and to raise and maintain the militia of the state. The Oklahoma Legislature is authorized to pass laws as they are necessary for carrying into effect the Oklahoma Constitution. The legislature's power to legislate is broad, except where the constitution limits that authority or reserves it to the people of Oklahoma.
The returns of every election for elective state officers go to the Secretary of State and then to the Speaker of the Oklahoma House of Representatives. Immediately after the organization of the House, he must open and publish the information in the presence of a majority of each branch of the Legislature, who for that purpose assemble in House chamber. The individuals with the highest number of votes for each seat are then declared duly elected. In the event of a tie, the legislature holds the power to break deadlocks. If two or more candidates have an equal number of votes, the legislature may elect one of them to office by means of a joint ballot.
The non-legislative functions of the Oklahoma Legislature include the power to establish a state printing plant and provide for the election or appointment of a state printer; the power to establish a State Geological and Economic Survey; and the power to create a Board of Health, Board of Dentistry, Board of Pharmacy, and Pure Food Commission.
The Legislature must every 10 years, beginning in 1907 (the date of Oklahoma entrance to the Union), make, revise, digest, and announce the laws of Oklahoma. The Legislature shall define what is an unlawful combination, monopoly, trust, act, or agreement, in restraint of trade, and enact laws to punish persons engaged in any unlawful combination, monopoly, trust, act, or agreement, in restraint of trade.
Section 46 through 53 of Article V of the Oklahoma Constitution places certain limits on the authority and powers of the Legislature. For instance, the Legislature may not meddle in the affairs of local government in the realm of day-to-day business, such as street lay out or school districts. Legislators may not appropriate public money for a Bureau of Immigration in Oklahoma, nor exempt property in Oklahoma from taxation except as granted by the state constitution. The Legislature may not pass laws granting exclusive rights, privileges, or immunities.
Legislative procedure
Term
Legislatures are identified by consecutive numbers and correspond with the election of the members of the Oklahoma House of Representatives. Terms have two sessions; the first takes place in the year immediately following the election and the second takes place the next year.
Under the Oklahoma Constitution, legislative sessions must begin at noon on the first Monday in February of every odd-numbered year, cannot exceed one hundred and sixty days, and must be finally adjourned by no later than five o'clock p.m. on the last Friday in May of each year. The first session cannot exceed 160 days. In odd numbered years following an election, the legislature must meet on the first Tuesday after the first Monday in January for the sole purpose of determining the outcome of the statewide elections. This meeting must begin at noon and must be adjourned by five o'clock p.m. on the same day.
At the beginning of each new term, the entire House of Representatives and one-half of the Senate (those who were chosen in the previous election) are sworn in. The House of Representatives also elects a Speaker to preside over debates. The President pro tempore of the Senate, by contrast, holds office continuously; normally, a new President pro tempore is only elected if the previous one retires, or if there is a change in the majority party.
The Oklahoma Constitution forbids either house adjourning for more than three days, without the consent of the other house. The provision was intended to prevent one house from thwarting legislative business simply by refusing to meet. To avoid obtaining consent during long recesses, the House or Senate may sometimes hold pro forma meetings, sometimes only minutes long, every three days. The Constitution prevents the Legislature from meeting any place outside the Oklahoma Capitol. However, the governor is empowered to convoke the legislature at or adjourn it to another place, when, in his opinion, the public safety or welfare, or the safety or health of the members require it. However, such a change or adjournment requires consent by a two-thirds vote of all the members elected to each branch.
The Legislature may be called into special session by a written call for such purposes as may be specifically set out in the call, signed by two-thirds of the members of the Senate and two-thirds of the members of the House of Representatives when it is filed with the President Pro Tempore of the Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives, who shall issue jointly an order for the convening of the special session. However, the Legislature may not prevent the calling of a special session by the governor.
In cases of a disagreement between the two houses of the Legislature, at a regular or special session, with respect to the time of adjournment, the governor may adjourn them to such time as deemed proper, not beyond the day of the next stated meeting of the Legislature. The consent of both bodies is required for the Legislature's final adjournment, or sine die, at the end of each legislative session. If the two houses cannot agree on a date, the state constitution permits the governor to settle the dispute.
Bills and resolutions
A proposal may be introduced in the legislature as a bill, a joint resolution, a concurrent resolution, or a simple resolution. Legislative proposals are introduced as bills or joint resolutions. Joint resolutions are the normal method used to propose a constitutional amendment. Concurrent resolutions passed by both houses and simple resolutions passed by only one house do not have the force of law. Instead, they serve to express the opinion of the Legislature, or either house thereof, or to regulate procedure.
Bills and other proposals may be introduced by members of either house. The exception is "bills for raising Revenue" that must originate in the Oklahoma House of Representatives, per Article V, Section 33A of the Oklahoma Constitution. The Oklahoma Senate, though, retains the power to amend or reject them.
Bills go through multiple stages in each house. The first stage involves consideration by a standing committee, which has jurisdiction over a particular subject matter, such as agriculture or appropriations. The number of committees, their subject areas, their chairs and membership, and the bills assigned to them are designated by the Speaker of the Oklahoma House of Representatives in the House and the President Pro Tempore of the Oklahoma Senate in the Senate. Alternatively, bills may be sent to select committees. Each standing and select committee is led by a chairman (who belongs to the majority party) and a ranking member (who belongs to the minority party). Committees are permitted to hold hearings and collect evidence when considering bills. They may also amend the bill, but the full house holds the power to accept or reject committee amendments. After considering and debating a measure, the committee votes on whether it wishes to report the measure to the full house.
A decision not to report a bill amounts to a rejection of the proposal. Both houses provide for procedures under which the committee can be bypassed or overruled, but the practice is uncommon. If reported by the committee, the bill reaches the floor of the full house. The house may debate and amend the bill; the precise procedures used by the House of Representatives and the Senate differ. A final vote on the bill follows.
Once a bill is approved by one house, it is sent to the other, which may pass, reject, or amend it. In order for the bill to become law, both houses must agree to identical versions of the bill. If the second house amends the bill, then the differences between the two versions must be reconciled in a conference committee, an ad hoc committee that includes both senators and representatives. In many cases, conference committees have introduced substantial changes to bills and added un-requested spending, significantly departing from both the House and Senate versions.
After passage by both houses, a bill is submitted to the Governor of Oklahoma who may choose to sign the bill, thereby making it law, or veto it, returning it to the Legislature with his objections. In such a case, the bill only becomes law if each house of the Legislature votes to override the veto with a two-thirds majority. Finally, the Governor may choose to take no action, neither signing nor vetoing the bill. In such a case, the Constitution states that the bill automatically becomes law after five days (excluding Sundays). However, if the Legislature adjourns (ends a legislative session) during the five-day period, then the bill does not become law. Thus, the Governor may veto legislation passed at the end of a legislative session simply by ignoring it; the maneuver is known as a pocket veto, and cannot be overridden by the adjourned Legislature. No bill may become a law after the final adjournment of the Legislature unless approved by the governor within fifteen days after such adjournment.
Quorum and voting
The Oklahoma Constitution specifies that a majority of members constitutes a quorum to do business in each house. The rules of each house provide that a quorum is assumed to be present unless a quorum call demonstrates the contrary. Thus, if no quorum call is requested, debates continue even if a majority is not present.
Both houses use voice voting to decide most matters; members shout out "aye" or "no", and the presiding officer announces the result. The Oklahoma Constitution, however, requires a recorded vote on the demand of one-fifth of the members present. If the result of the voice vote is unclear, or if the matter is controversial, a recorded vote usually ensues. The Senate uses roll call votes; a clerk calls out the names of all the senators, each senator stating "aye" or "no" when his name is announced. The House reserves roll call votes for the most formal matters; normally, members vote by electronic device. In the case of a tie, the motion in question fails. In the Oklahoma Senate, the lieutenant governor may cast the tiebreaking vote.
Privileges
State legislators enjoy the privilege of being free from arrest for criminal charges, except for treason, felony, and breach of the peace. This immunity applies to members "during their Attendance at the Session of their respective Houses, and in going to and returning from the same." The term "arrest" has been interpreted broadly, and includes any detention or delay in the course of law enforcement, including court summons and subpoenas. The rules of the House very strictly guard this privilege; a member may not waive the privilege on his own, but must seek the permission of the whole house to do so. Senate rules, on the other hand, are less strict, and permit individual senators to waive the privilege as they see fit.
As of 2006 rank and file state legislators received a salary of $38,400. The President Pro Tempore of the State Senate and the Speaker of the House of Representatives are paid an additional $17,932 annually. The appropriations committee chairmen, majority floor leaders and the minority floor leaders of each house are paid an additional $12,364 per year.
Board of Legislative Compensation
The Board of Legislative Compensation decides the amount of compensation paid to state legislators. The board is composed of five members appointed by the Governor of Oklahoma, two members appointed by the President pro tempore of the Oklahoma Senate, and two members appointed by the Speaker of the Oklahoma House of Representatives. The members appointed by the governor must be from religious organizations, communications media, nonstate-supported educational institutions, labor organizations, and retail business. The members appointed by the president pro tempore must be from agricultural and civic organization backgrounds and the members appointed by the speaker must have manufacturing or professional backgrounds.
State legislators are prohibited from serving on the board. In addition to the nine voting members, the chair of the Oklahoma Tax Commission and the director of the Oklahoma Office of State Finance serve as ex officio nonvoting members of the board. The chair of the board is designated by the governor. The members of the board serve without compensation, but do receive travel and subsistence expense reimbursements.
Every two years, the board reviews the compensation paid to state legislators and is empowered to change the compensation. Such a change becomes effective on the fifteenth day following the succeeding general election.
Notable past members
Mary Fallin, 27th Governor of Oklahoma, former U.S. Congresswoman
Ken A. Miller, former Oklahoma treasurer
Glen D. Johnson Jr., current Chancellor of Higher Education
Brad Henry, 26th Governor of Oklahoma
Frank Keating, 25th governor of Oklahoma
Henry Bellmon, 18th and 23rd governor of Oklahoma
George Nigh, 17th and 22nd governor of Oklahoma
David L. Boren, 21st governor of Oklahoma and former U.S. senator
Dan Boren, former U.S. Congressman
Ernest Istook, former U.S. Congressman
Jari Askins, 15th Oklahoma lieutenant governor
John Jarman, former Congressman
Clem McSpadden, former Congressman
James C. Nance, Oklahoma community newspaper chain publisher and former Speaker of the Oklahoma House of Representatives, President pro tempore of the Oklahoma Senate and member Uniform Law Commission
Raymond D. Gary, 15th Governor of Oklahoma
Leon C. Phillips, 11th governor of Oklahoma
William H. Murray, 9th governor of Oklahoma
William J. Holloway, 8th Governor of Oklahoma
Henry S. Johnston, 7th Governor of Oklahoma
John Newbold Camp, former U.S. Congressman
Victor Wickersham, former U.S. Congressman
Glen D. Johnson, former U.S. Congressman
A. C. Hamlin, first African-American in Oklahoma Legislature
References
External links
Oklahoma Legislature
Oklahoma House of Representatives
Oklahoma Senate
Government of Oklahoma
Bicameral legislatures | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oklahoma%20Legislature |
In parapsychology and spiritualism, an apport is the alleged paranormal transference of an article from one place to another, or an appearance of an article from an unknown source that is often associated with poltergeist activity or séances. Apports reported during séances have been found to be the result of deliberate fraud. No medium or psychic has demonstrated the manifestation of an apport under scientifically controlled conditions.
History
A famous apport fraud is attributed to Charles Bailey (1870–1947). During a séance, Bailey produced two live birds out of thin air but was undone when the dealer who sold him the birds appeared in the crowd. Common objects that are produced are stones, flowers, perfumes, and animals. These objects are said to be "gifts" from the spirit(s).
In March 1902 in Berlin, police officers interrupted a séance of the apport medium Frau Anna Rothe. Her hands were grabbed and she was wrestled to the ground. A female police assistant physically examined Rothe and discovered 157 flowers as well as oranges and lemons hidden in her petticoat. She was arrested and charged with fraud. After a trial lasting six days she was sentenced to eighteen months imprisonment.
In 1926, Heinrich Melzer was exposed as a fraud as he was caught in the séance room with small stones attached to the back of his ears by flesh coloured tape. According to neurologist Terence Hines "Some female mediums went so far as to conceal in their vagina or anus objects to be 'apported' during the seance and gauzy fabric that would become 'ectoplasm' during the seance. These were places that Victorian gentlemen, no matter how skeptical, were highly unlikely to ask to search."
There are many cases where apports have been smuggled into the séance room. Other apport mediums that were exposed as frauds were Lajos Pap and Maria Silbert.
See also
Evocation
Indriði Indriðason
List of topics characterized as pseudoscience
Materialization
Psychokinesis
Sleight of hand
Teleportation
References
External links
Paranormal hoaxes
Paranormal terminology
Parapsychology
Spiritualism | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apport%20%28paranormal%29 |
Paretz is a village in the German state of Brandenburg in the district of Havelland, west of Berlin. Recently, a district reform made Paretz into a borough of the city of Ketzin. It has a population of approximately 400. In the late 18th and early 19th centuries, the village was the summer residence of King Frederick William III of Prussia and of his wife Queen Louise.
Paretz Palace
The manorial estate of Paretz was originally property of the von Bredow family from whom, in 1677, the Brandenburg diplomat Christoph Caspar von Blumenthal bought it. It was from here that his daughter Wilhelmina eloped with Ernst Christian von Weiler, a married man, in 1689. The estate was inherited by Count Hans von Blumenthal, former commander of the Gardes du Corps, who in retirement was tutor to the Crown Prince Frederick William (later King Frederick William III of Prussia).
The Crown Prince had a sad childhood, but he was always happy staying with his tutor at Paretz. For this reason, in 1795 he bought the estate of Paretz from his tutor's son, his former playmate Count Heinrich von Blumenthal, for 80,000 Thalers (approximately €120,000 as of 2005). The Berlin architect David Gilly was put in charge of the construction of the building and it was planned to become a country palace. "Just remember always that you are building for a poor farmer", the crown prince is said to have told the architect. Flanking the palace were placed two barn buildings each, on the left and right, (one on each side to house animals) thus forming a semi circular yard. In 1804 the royal couple had the entire village rebuilt to conform to David Gilly's designs but the uniform style is hardly recognizable anymore today.
After the death of Queen Louise in 1810 the palace was left unchanged until 1840 when Frederick William IV had the wallpaper and furniture replaced in several rooms. The appeal of the Schloss-Still-im-Land was lost however and the palace remained untouched and empty until early in the 20th century.
The palace continued to be owned by the Hohenzollern until 1945: King Frederick William IV had passed the palace on to King Wilhelm I who became Emperor of Germany in 1871. In 1888 Prince Heinrich took over the palace and his wife Princess Irene of Hesse and by Rhine continued after his death in 1929.
In April 1945 the Red Army took possession of the grounds and the troops didn't leave until halfway through 1946. A year later, refugees moved into the buildings and in 1948 ownership of the palace was transferred to the Zentrale Verwaltung der gegenseitigen Bauernhilfe (ZVdgB) ("Central Administration of Mutual Aid to Farmers"). Modifications to the complex through 1950 completely changed the look of the palace and farm.
Special attractions of the palace are the tapestries that are adorned with exotic plant motives, bird renditions and depictions of landscapes in the Potsdam area. The tapestries survived World War II as they had been removed and kept in the New Palace in Potsdam for safe keeping.
Gothic House
The Gothic House is a former royal forge. It is notable as the only neo-Gothic structure among the other rather simple buildings. Currently, a restaurant is being operated in the building.
Paretzer Erdlöcher
During the 19th century the production of bricks was an important industry for the area as they could be sold to the ever-growing city of Berlin. Therefore, many villages had several tile producing companies. To make the bricks, clay was needed and mined from the clay ground common to the area.
When the business slowed down after World War I, the clay mines filled with ground water and turned into small lakes, the Erdlöcher or "holes in the ground". After World War II, some holes were backfilled with rubble from bombed Berlin (in a peculiar kind of material cycle), today most of them however are home to numerous water fowl and have been placed under environmental protection.
Theodor Fontane
The German poet and author Theodor Fontane liked the village a lot and came to visit Paretz three times: in the spring of 1861, 1869 and in May 1870. He describes the farm Paretz in his Wanderungen durch die Mark Brandenburg in vivid colors:
"Uetz and Paretz are separated by little more than half a mile. On a summer afternoon this is an inspiring walk. The path leads through the meadows and the smell of hay is present from the fields all around us. A thin, fog lit by the sun marks the spot where the wide Havel with its many bays and lakes lies. Paretz itself does not appear to us until the very last."
"Finally the path turns into a levee and instead of the fruit trees that so far have kept us company there are tall poplars and royal buildings everywhere until we cross a light and elegant bridge, called the Infantenbrücke, and reach the village road. The road takes us through the park then grows wider just after going around a bend and we are there."
Waterways
Paretz lies on the River Havel between the cities of Potsdam and Brandenburg, and the junction of that river with two canals is nearby. Both canals were built to provide alternative routes to the river, but for rather different ulterior purposes.
In the 1870s, the Sacrow–Paretz Canal was constructed to link Paretz with the Jungfernsee, near Potsdam, thus providing a shorter navigation route to Berlin and points upstream for vessels navigating the River Havel. In the 1950s, the Havel Canal was constructed to link Paretz with Hennigsdorf, significantly further upstream than Potsdam and avoiding a passage through the reach of the River Havel that was under the political control of West Berlin. Both canals are still in use, providing shorter routes for shipping from the west to Berlin and to the Oder–Havel Canal and Poland.
References
External links
Paretz Palace and Garden - Stiftung Preußische Schlösser und Gärten Berlin-Brandenburg
Verein Historisches Paretz
Villages in Brandenburg
Localities in Havelland
Frederick William III of Prussia
Louise of Mecklenburg-Strelitz | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paretz |
The Collector is a 1963 novel by John Fowles.
The Collector(s) may also refer to:
Film
The Collector (1965 film), a film based on Fowles's novel, starring Terence Stamp and Samantha Eggar
The Collector (1997 film), a Finnish film by Auli Mantila
The Collector (2002 film), a Canadian film directed by Jean Beaudin
The Collector (2004 film), a Danish film
The Collector (2005 film), a Polish film directed by Feliks Falk
The Collector (2009 film), a horror film directed by Marcus Dunstan
The Collector (2012 film), a romantic film starring Rudolf Martin
The Collectors (1999 film), a television film starring Casper Van Dien
The Collector, a fictional character in Mad Max: Beyond Thunderdome
Television
The Collector (Canadian TV series), a 2004–2006 supernatural drama
The Collector (Serbian TV series), a 2005–2006 science fiction series
The Collectors (TV series), a 1986 British drama series
"The Collector" (The Dead Zone), a 2005 episode
The Collector, a fictional character from Bonkers
The Collector, a character from The Owl House
skekLach the Collector, a Skeksis character from The Dark Crystal: Age of Resistance
Literature
The Collector (Silva novel), a novel by Daniel Silva
The Collectors (novel), a novel by David Baldacci
The Collector, a 2013 novel by Victoria Scott
"The Collector", a short story by Kelley Armstrong
The Collector, a fictional character in Simon R. Green's novel series Nightside
Music
The Collectors (Canadian band), a 1960s Canadian psychedelic rock band that became Chilliwack
The Collectors (album), 1968
The Collectors (Japanese band), a Japanese mod rock band
The Collectors #1, a 2002 album by Dickey Betts & Great Southern
The Collector (album), by Andreas Johnson, 2007
"The Collector", a song by Nine Inch Nails from With Teeth, 2005
"The Collector", a song by Sarah Nixey from Sing, Memory, 2007
Video games
The 7th Guest 3: The Collector, an unreleased sequel to the computer game The 7th Guest
Azetlor the Collector, a villain in Ghostbusters: The Video Game
The Collector, the main villain in LittleBigPlanet
The Collectors, a fictional insectoid race in Mass Effect 2
People
Robert Berdella (1949–1992), also known as The Collector, American serial killer
See also
La Collectionneuse (lit. The Collector), a 1967 French film directed by Eric Rohmer
The Collector Collector, a 1997 novel by Tibor Fischer
Collector (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Collector%20%28disambiguation%29 |
The Vermont City Marathon (VCM) is an annual marathon in the city of Burlington, Vermont, in the United States, first held on May 28, 1989. The race is generally held on the Sunday of Memorial Day weekend, and attracts people from the New England area. It is produced by RunVermont, a not-for-profit organization.
History
The race was first held in 1989.
The race record for men, set by Michael Khobotov in 2001, is 2:17:03. The women's record is held by 2023 champion Maegan Krifchin, who ran 2:33:40.
In 2010, there were 2737 marathon finishers, 690 two-person teams and 706 three-to-five person teams.
The VCM was the first marathon to incorporate relay teams which consists of 5 members.
The 2020 in-person edition of the race was cancelled due to the coronavirus pandemic, with all marathon registrants given the option of running the race virtually or transferring their entry to 2021 or 2022.
Hall of Fame
There has been a long-standing disagreement between the race's Board of Directors and one of the runners. In 1998, for the race's 10th Anniversary, a club called the "Hall of Fame" was formed to honor runners who had been a part of the event each year. Membership is a mix of those who have completed every marathon, some who have started but not finished all years, some who have run on a relay team in various years, and still others who for various reasons registered for all of the VCM races but did not start some of the races. The disagreeing runner wore a cone shaped hat proclaiming "Hall of Farce" as he ran the race, reflecting his belief that the Hall of Fame should honor only those who had finished every race. This runner's streak of 19 consecutive KBVCM finishes ended in 2008 when he did not pick up his bib, show up at the starting line, or make any public statements about the race.
In 2008 the race's Hall of Fame was renamed the RunVermont Hall of Fame and membership was expanded to include individuals who have been instrumental in the success of the race over the years such as the original Race Director, Gordon MacFarland and long-standing volunteers such as Don and Betty Lacharite. The RunVermont Hall of Fame also includes the 13 runners who completed the full for the first 19 editions of the KeyBank Vermont City Marathon.
Course
The USATF certified course has remained the same since 2001. It starts in Battery Park overlooking Lake Champlain, does a loop through downtown Burlington, then heads out the Burlington Beltline (VT 127), a highway that is closed to traffic only once a year for the marathon. The course then climbs back into downtown Burlington before heading south and joining the Burlington bikepath at Oakledge Park, where the halfway point is reached. The course follows the bikepath north to the "Assault on Battery Hill", the largest climb on the course. After going through Battery Park at mile 15.1, the course does a final loop through residential neighborhoods in the north side of Burlington, then follows the bikepath back to the finish at Waterfront Park beside Lake Champlain
Other races
Runners in the Vermont City Marathon can compete in the full marathon, on a two-person relay team running half marathons, or on a three-to-five person relay team running legs ranging from 3.1 to 6.2 miles. Due to overwhelming demand in the relay events, relay team spots are available only through a lottery while spots for the full marathon can be acquired through the standard entry process.
Community impact
The race is produced by RunVermont, a not-for-profit organization committed to promoting running in Vermont. RunVermont also organizes several other races including First Run Burlington and the Half Marathon Unplugged, as well as adult training programs, and a youth running and health education program called Many Milers.
Winners
Men's
Women's
By nationality
Sources:
Notes
References
External links
How to Crack the Vermont City Marathon
Recurring sporting events established in 1988
Marathons in the United States
Sports in Burlington, Vermont
Tourist attractions in Burlington, Vermont | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vermont%20City%20Marathon |
Siemens ME45 is a GSM-900/1800 cell phone, designed for enhanced durability. It weighs 99 g, and contains monochrome screen, supports WAP and GPRS. It includes electronics identical to Siemens S45 phone, and it can be flashed with software from Siemens S45i (adds email client).
It was introduced in 2001.
The main advantage of ME45 is its resistance to dust, shock and water.
Siemens ME45 is used by Jason Bourne in The Bourne Supremacy film.
ME45
Mobile phones introduced in 2001
Mobile phones with infrared transmitter | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siemens%20ME45 |
Kate Fox is a British social anthropologist, co-director of the Social Issues Research Centre (SIRC) and a Fellow of the Institute for Cultural Research. She has written several books, including Watching the English: The Hidden Rules of English Behaviour.
Biography
Kate Fox is the daughter of anthropologist Robin Fox. As a child she lived in the UK, the United States, France, and Ireland. She studied for an undergraduate degree in anthropology and philosophy at Trinity Hall, Cambridge. In 1989 she became co-director of MCM Research Ltd., and continues to provide consulting services. She is now a co-director of the Social Issues Research Centre, based in Oxford, England.
Recent topics include social effects of alcohol and the purposes of small talk. Fox is currently writing a book that "examine[s] many aspects of 21st-century life and obsessions - including mobile phones, social media, online dating, shopping, celebrity, reality TV, computer games, selfies, etc - from an evolutionary/anthropological perspective".
In 2004, Fox married the neurosurgeon and acclaimed author Henry Marsh, having been previously married to Peter Kibby (during which time she was credited as Kate Fox Kibby).
Publications
Fox has written a number of books, including:
In this book, Fox does an anthropological analysis by conducting experiments and uses participant observation to discover the unwritten rules that make an English person English. She tries to explain the cultural norms of the English, which are seen as peculiar by people who aren't English.
References
External links
Criticism of Fox's work, particularly her book, Watching the English.
Kate Fox's biography at the SIRC web site
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
20th-century English writers
21st-century English writers
20th-century English women writers
21st-century English women writers
Alumni of Trinity Hall, Cambridge
Cultural anthropologists
People associated with The Institute for Cultural Research
British women anthropologists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kate%20Fox |
European Energy Exchange (EEX) AG is a central European electric power and related commodities exchange located in Leipzig, Germany. It develops, operates and connects secure, liquid and transparent markets for energy and related products, including power derivative contracts, emission allowances, agricultural and freight products.
History
The EEX emerged as a result of a merger between LPX Leipzig Power Exchange and the Frankfurt-based EEX in 2002. Deutsche Börse Group's derivatives business unit Eurex acquired the majority share in the EEX in March 2011.
Ownership and subsidiaries
EEX AG is majority owned by Deutsche Börse. It holds shares in the following companies:
EEX Asia, Cleartech (Cleartrade Exchange Pte Ltd.) (100%)
EEX CEGH Gas Exchange Services GmbH (51%)
EEX Link GmbH (100%)
enermarket GmbH (40%)
EPEX SPOT SE (51%)
European Commodity Clearing AG (100%)
Grexel Systems ltd (100%)
KB Tech Ltd. (100%)
Nodal Exchange Holdings, LLC (100%)
Power Exchange Central Europe a.s. (66,67%)
Spark Pte. Ltd. (25%)
EEX announced in 2017 that it reached an agreement to acquire US-based Nodal Exchange.
Trading volume
In 2020, the trading of electricity on the EEX Power Derivatives Market amounted to 6,456 TWh (terawatt hours) compared with 5,830 in 2019. In the year 2020, a total of 622 TWh was traded on the Power Spot Markets of EPEX SPOT (2019: 598 TWh). In the field of natural gas, the volume traded on the EEX amounted to 2,412 TWh, a slight decline of minus 5 percent compared with the previous year (2019: 2,546 TWh). The volume of trading in emission allowances amounted to 1,318 million tonnes in 2020 in total (previous year: 1,139 million tonnes).
Spot market
The spot market for electricity is operated by EPEX SPOT, a joint venture owned by German EEX AG and the French Powernext SAS (its 100% daughter). On each day of the year, EPEX SPOT operates day-ahead auctions for three market areas: Germany/Austria, France, and Switzerland. The physical delivery of power takes place the next day. EPEX SPOT also provides an intraday market for Germany, France, Belgium, the Netherlands, Luxembourg, Switzerland, Austria, and the United Kingdom. This market can be used to satisfy short-term needs of electricity or to sell short-term over capacities. Participants in the market can buy up to 45 minutes before every hour of electricity for the specific hour. This market operates 24/7 without exceptions. The electricity for the next day can be traded from 15:00 onwards.
In 2011, EEX introduced 24/7 trading on the Natural Gas Spot Market. On the Spot Market, companies can trade natural gas on a continuous basis for the current day (within-day), one day, and two days in advance as well as for the following weekend. Since the launch of 24/7 trading, EEX has also offered continuous trading with a minimum lot size of 1 MW (in addition to the 10 MW contracts). Short term gas quantities can be traded on the exchange for delivery in the market areas GASPOOL, NetConnect Germany (NCG), and the Dutch Title Transfer Facility (TTF) area.
EEX offers also a spot market for EU allowances. Since 2005, EEX operates both spot and derivatives markets in emission allowances. EEX has offered trading of emission allowances on the basis of the EU Emissions Trading Scheme (EU ETS) since 2005. EEX currently runs a secondary market for continuous trading on a Spot and Derivatives basis for EU ETS allowances (EUA, EUAA) and Kyoto credits (CER, ERU). As of 26 March 2008, it is possible to trade CER Futures on the EEX (Certified Emission Reductions), global emission credits in accordance with the Kyoto Protocol. On 14 April 2008 EEX and Eurex launched trading of options on EUA Futures. Since January 2010 EEX AG runs the auctioning of the Emission Allowances issued by the Federal Ministry of the Environment. All trading participants admitted to trading in emission allowances on EEX are able to take part in the auction without any further preconditions regarding licensing. From the very beginning, this also included all trading participants taking part in the existing Eurex cooperation on the Derivatives Market. In addition, EEX also carries out the EUA auctions for further countries (Poland, Hungary). The European Energy Exchange (EEX) has won the tendering procedure for the transitory auctioning platform for the EUA auctioned off by Germany for the third emissions trading period in February 2012 and it was chosen as a cooperation exchange for the NER30 program of the European Investment Bank (EIB). As of 30 April 2012, emission allowances for the aviation industry (EU Aviation Allowances – EUAA) will also be offered for trading. Furthermore, Futures on Emission Reduction Units (ERU) will be launched at the end of April. In March, EEX extended the futures on Certified Emission Reductions (CER) for all maturities of the third trading period.
Derivatives market
Participants on the EEX can trade power contracts (weeks, months, quarters, years) up to 6 years in the future. The Power Futures are financially settled contracts, but they can be physically delivered in Germany, France, Austria, Belgium, the Netherlands and Italy (Coming). Besides electricity also natural gas futures (market areas GASPOOL and NCG), a broad range of derivatives (Futures on EUA, CER, EUAA and ERU) can be traded at the EEX-Derivatives market.
Clearing and settlement
Clearing and settlement of all exchange transactions are done by the European Commodity Clearing AG (ECC). ECC was founded in 2006 with the transfer of the EEX clearing activities to this subsidiary. Specialised in the physical delivery of energy products, ECC is dedicated clearing provider for 10 exchanges: European Energy Exchange (EEX), EEX Asia, EPEX SPOT, Powernext, and Power Exchange Central Europe (PXE)as well as the partner exchanges HUPX, HUDEX, NOREXECO, SEEPEX, and SEMOpx. Furthermore, EEX and ECC provide the service of Trade Registration. This service enables the trading participants and the trade registration participants to conclude transactions through registration by mutual agreement or to have over-the-counter transactions registered.
Transparency
EEX operates "Transparency in Energy Markets", the neutral platform for energy market data which fulfils the statutory publication requirements and implements the market participants' voluntary commitments. The platform was established by EEX and the four German transmission system operators and launched in October 2009. In 2011, the Austrian transmission system operator Austrian Power Grid AG joined the cooperation. EEX is in charge of the operation of the platform, which comprises plausibility checking, anonymisation, aggregation and publication of the data reported.
On 2 September 2014, the European Energy Exchange (EEX) launched its new transparency site. At www.eex-transparency.com, visitors can gain access to comprehensive fundamental data and relevant information for wholesale energy trading. The website is a further development of the existing platform "Transparency in Energy Market" and contains information about capacity, utilization and availability of facilities for the production of electricity as well as new information on the storage of electricity and natural gas consumption.
See also
Nord Pool AS
References
External links
Website of EEX
Annual Report of EEX
Transparency Platform of EEX
Website of ECC
External links
EEX website
"Transparency in Energy Markets"
Electric power exchanges in Europe
Companies based in Leipzig
Companies listed on the Frankfurt Stock Exchange
Energy in Germany
Energy in Europe | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/European%20Energy%20Exchange |
Paul Howard "Dizzy" Trout (June 29, 1915 – February 28, 1972) was an American professional baseball player. He played in Major League Baseball as a right-handed pitcher from to , most notably as a member of the Detroit Tigers team that finished either in first or second place in the American League pennant races between 1944 and 1947 and won the 1945 World Series. The two-time All-Star player was the American League wins leader in 1943 and, was the league ERA leader in 1944. In , Trout made a brief comeback attempt at the age of 42 with the Baltimore Orioles. He also played for the Boston Red Sox.
1939–1942
Trout was born in Sandcut, Indiana. He first played professionally in 1935 with the Terre Haute Tots in the Three-I League before signing with the Tigers in 1939. In his first four seasons (1939–1942), Dizzy Trout never had a winning record and totaled 33 wins and 44 losses. Even in 1940, as the Tigers won the American League pennant, Trout finished 3-7.
1943–1947
Dizzy Trout was classified 4-F due to hearing impairment and was not accepted for military service during World War II. It was during the war years that Trout had his best seasons.
Trout had a losing record in his first four seasons, but in the next four years (1943–1946) he turned into one of the best pitchers in the American League, winning 82 and losing 54.
Dizzy Trout led the American League in wins (20) in 1943, but his best season was 1944, when he won 27 games and lost 14. He led the American League that year in ERA (2.12), complete games (33), shutouts (7), and innings pitched (352-1/3). He also finished second in the league to his Detroit teammate, Hal Newhouser, in wins (27) and strikeouts (144). The Tigers' pitching duo of Trout and Newhouser won 56 games in 1944 and finished 1-2 in ERA, wins, innings pitched, strikeouts, complete games, and shutouts. Newhouser and Trout also finished 1-2 in the American League MVP voting, with Trout trailing Newhouser in the voting by only 4 votes.
Trout's pitching totals were not as impressive in 1945, but he was a workhorse in the pennant drive. He pitched six games and won four over a nine-game late-season stretch. In Game 4 of the 1945 World Series, Trout beat the Cubs 4-1 on a five-hitter. The Tigers won the 1945 World Series, and Trout went 1-1 with an ERA of 0.66 in the Series.
1947–1952
From 1947–1949, Trout's performance dropped off, as he failed to achieve a winning record, and had a total record of 23-31. Aside from his pitching, Trout could hit for power. He hit 20 home runs, tying him for 11th all-time in home runs by pitchers. He hit a 9th inning grand slam against the Washington Senators on July 28, 1949, helping the Tigers to a victory.
In 1950, Trout and the Tigers both turned things around. Trout won 13 and lost only 5, and the Tigers won 95 games and narrowly lost the American League pennant to the Yankees.
On June 3, 1952, Trout was sent to the Boston Red Sox in a blockbuster trade that sent Walt Dropo, Don Lenhardt, Johnny Pesky, Fred Hatfield, and Bill Wight to the Tigers for Trout, George Kell, Hoot Evers, and Johnny Lipon. Trout started only 17 games for the Red Sox, and retired at the end of the 1952 season.
Trout was a very good hitting pitcher in his 15-year major league career. He posted a .213 batting average (205-for-961) scoring 99 runs with 28 doubles, 7 triples, 20 home runs, 110 RBI and drew 59 bases on balls. He was in double figures in RBI in five seasons, with a high of 24 RBI in 1944.
Retirement
After retiring from baseball, Trout called play-by-play for the Tigers on radio WKMH and TV WJBK-TV from 1953–1955. He also hosted The Knot-Hole Gang, a sports show aimed at children. Trout broadcast the Tigers games with Van Patrick and became popular with Detroit fans for his self-effacing humor, scrambled syntax, and folksy demeanor.
In 1956, Trout ran unsuccessfully for sheriff in Wayne County as a Republican, losing to long-time incumbent Andrew C. Baird.
He attempted a return to baseball with the Baltimore Orioles in 1957 at age 42. Trout made two appearances, allowed three earned runs, and retired one batter, for an 81.00 ERA. After being released by Baltimore, he joined the Chicago White Sox as a pitching instructor and then worked with that organization's front office until his death from stomach cancer at the age of 56 on February 28, 1972 at Ingalls Hospital in Harvey, Illinois. He was buried at Homewood Memorial Gardens in Homewood, Illinois.
He was inducted into the Indiana Baseball Hall of Fame in 1981.
Trout's son, Steve, pitched for 12 years in the major leagues.
See also
Best pitching seasons by a Detroit Tiger
1945 Detroit Tigers season
1950 Detroit Tigers season
List of Major League Baseball annual ERA leaders
List of Major League Baseball annual wins leaders
List of Major League Baseball all-time leaders in home runs by pitchers
References
Dizzy Trout – A Major League Talent
External links
1915 births
1972 deaths
American League All-Stars
American League ERA champions
American League wins champions
Baseball players from Indiana
Beaumont Exporters players
Boston Red Sox players
Baltimore Orioles players
Deaths from cancer in Illinois
Deaths from stomach cancer
Detroit Tigers announcers
Detroit Tigers players
Indianapolis Indians players
Major League Baseball broadcasters
Major League Baseball pitchers
People from Vigo County, Indiana
Toledo Mud Hens players
Vancouver Mounties players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dizzy%20Trout |
The Fair Lawn Public Schools are a comprehensive community public school district serving students in kindergarten through twelfth grade from Fair Lawn in Bergen County, New Jersey, United States.
As of the 2018–19 school year, the district, comprised of nine schools, had an enrollment of 5,138 students and 409.5 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 12.5:1.
The district is classified by the New Jersey Department of Education as being in District Factor Group "GH", the third-highest of eight groupings. District Factor Groups organize districts statewide to allow comparison by common socioeconomic characteristics of the local districts. From lowest socioeconomic status to highest, the categories are A, B, CD, DE, FG, GH, I and J.
Awards and recognition
In both the 1990-91 and 1997-98 school years, Fair Lawn High School received the National Blue Ribbon Award of Excellence from the United States Department of Education, the highest honor that an American school can achieve.
In 2016, Lyncrest Elementary School was one of ten schools in New Jersey recognized as a National Blue Ribbon School by the United States Department of Education, a recognition celebrating excellence in academics.
Henry B. Milnes Elementary School was one of nine schools in New Jersey honored in 2020 by the National Blue Ribbon Schools Program.
History
In December 2014, Fair Lawn voters approved by a greater than 2-to-1 margin a $12.8 million expansion and capital improvement referendum to be implemented by the Fair Lawn Public Schools that includes roof repairs to several school buildings and added classrooms to enable the initiation of full-day kindergarten.
Schools
Schools in the district (with 2018–19 enrollment data from the National Center for Education Statistics.) are:
Elementary schools
John A. Forrest Elementary School (286 students; grades K-4)
Damon Placenti, principal
Lyncrest Elementary School (263; K-4)
Kelly Diee, principal
Henry B. Milnes Elementary School (497; K-4)
Joseph Fulco, principal
Radburn Elementary School (457; K-4)
Jill Lindsay, principal
Warren Point Elementary School (469; K-4)
Suzanne Gons, principal
Westmoreland Elementary School (422; K-4)
Christine Dell'Aglio, principal
Middle schools
Memorial Middle School (455; 5-8)
Nancy Schwindt, principal
Thomas Jefferson Middle School (739; 5-8)
Michael Weaver, principal
High school
Fair Lawn High School (1,490; 9-12)
Paul Gorski, principal
Administration
Core members of the district's administration are:
Camille DeFranco, acting superintendent
Danielle Mancuso, business administrator and board secretary
Board of education
The district's board of education, comprised of nine members, sets policy and oversees the fiscal and educational operation of the district through its administration. As a Type II school district, the board's trustees are elected directly by voters to serve three-year terms of office on a staggered basis, with three seats up for election each year held (since 2012) as part of the November general election. The board appoints a superintendent to oversee the district's day-to-day operations and a business administrator to supervise the business functions of the district. The Board of Education members as of August 2023 are Ronnie Barbarulo (P), Julie Mahan (VP), Joseph Baldofsky, Eugene Banta, Dr. Edward Bertolini, Rita Fayvelevich, Michael Rosenberg, Mark Spindel and Lisa Yourman.
In August 2023, the district announced the hiring of Rui Dionisio, superintendent of the Ramapo Indian Hills Regional High School District, to take office as Fair Lawn superintendent in November 2023.
References
External links
District website
School Data for the Fair Lawn Public Schools, National Center for Education Statistics
Fair Lawn, New Jersey
School districts in Bergen County, New Jersey
New Jersey District Factor Group GH | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fair%20Lawn%20Public%20Schools |
The Pressed Steel Car Company was a builder of railroad cars and equipment based in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, that was founded in 1899, and had facilities in Pittsburgh and Chicago. It operated until 1956.
Before World War II
The Pressed Steel Car Company of Pittsburgh came into existence 17 February 1899 and was an amalgamation of the Schoen Pressed Steel Company, Pittsburgh, and the British company, the Fox Solid Pressed Steel Company, set up in 1889 in Joliet, 30 miles southwest of Chicago.
In April 1899, it had three plants: The Schoen plant at Woods Run in Allegheny, Pennsylvania; the Fox steel plant on McCandless Avenue in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, and the Fox steel plant in Joliet, Illinois. Approximately one month after forming, a deal was announced that the Pressed Steel Car Company would purchase all of its steel from the Carnegie Steel Company, and Carnegie would stop making cars. At first the company only produced freight cars, but in 1903 it delivered 35 steel underframe passenger cars to the North Western Elevated Railway of Chicago, and then set up a shop just for passenger car manufacturing in less than two years.
In 1909, the Pressed Steel Car Strike of 1909 occurred, when 8,000 workers at the McKees Rocks plant went on strike. In 1914 the company manufactured 12,000 cars of differing varieties, for Russia. By 1916 it produced a new car approximately every five minutes and was the largest car plant in the United States. In early July 1936, the company filed for bankruptcy due to decreased earnings, debt and the inability to sell funding stock. On July 24, 1936, it was incorporated as the Pressed Steel Car Company, Inc. As of May 17, 1938, it employed 2,000 employees, as well as 1, 225 employees in subsidiary companies.
Contribution to the U.S. war effort
Pressed Steel Car Company ranked 41st among United States corporations in the value of World War II military production contracts. It was involved in the design and production of 24 M43 Howitzer Motor Carriages and 311 M40 Gun Motor Carriages., T29 Heavy Tanks, T30 Ammunition Carriers, M7 Gun Motor Carriages, M3 Light Tanks (501,) M4 Medium Tanks (1000) along with its variants totaling in over 8600 in M4 series - M4A1 (3700,) M4A2 (21,) improved M4A1 (3396,) M32 Tank Recovery Vehicles (over 900.) In May 1940, Britain had a pressing need for more tanks, and started looking for suppliers of the M3 Stuart in the United States. The British Purchasing Commission chose the Pressed Steel Car Company as one of the suppliers and placed an order for 501 M3 tanks on October 25, 1940. On July 13, 1941, the first Pressed Steel completed the first M3 Grant tank for the British.
After World War II
The company resumed railroad-car production after World War II, eventually diversifying into non-railway products and changing its name to U.S. Industries in 1954. In 1956, U.S. Steel purchased all remaining assets of the company.
Officers
Notes
References
Defunct rolling stock manufacturers of the United States
Defunct manufacturing companies based in Pittsburgh
American companies established in 1899
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1899
1899 establishments in Pennsylvania
Electric vehicle manufacturers of the United States
American companies disestablished in 1956
Vehicle manufacturing companies disestablished in 1956 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pressed%20Steel%20Car%20Company |
The Battle of Haslach-Jungingen, also known as the Battle of Albeck, fought on 11 October 1805 at Ulm-Jungingen north of Ulm at the Danube between French and Austrian forces, was part of the War of the Third Coalition, which was a part of the greater Napoleonic Wars. The outcome of this battle was a French victory.
Background
During the Ulm Campaign, Napoleon's Grand Army had executed a massive right wheel to trap the Austrian army led by Karl Mack von Lieberich. Starting on the Rhine River, facing east, the various French corps arrived on the Danube River, facing south. From the Danube, using Marshal Michel Ney's VI Corps as a pivot, the Grand Army continued its right wheel until most of Napoleon's corps were facing west. The bulk of the Austrian army was now trapped, though Napoleon did not know exactly where most of the enemy units were located.
The French believed that the Austrian garrison of Ulm formed part of a rearguard, not a large army. Marshal Joachim Murat was placed in command of the VI Corps on the north bank and the V Corps and a large force of cavalry on the south bank. His mission was to drive west toward Ulm.
On 11 October Murat ordered Marshal Michel Ney to move the bulk of his VI Corps to the south bank of the Danube. Ney argued that the north bank force was too small but Murat brushed him off with the comment, "I know nothing of plans except those made in the face of the enemy." Ney reluctantly complied with his orders, leaving only the division of Pierre Dupont on the north bank, supported by Tilly's VI Corps cavalry.
Battle
The battle occurred when Mack and Archduke Ferdinand made an attempt to break out from the French forces that were surrounding them at Ulm. Later that day, Dupont found himself faced with 35,000 Austrian troops, including 10,000 cavalry, which Mack had sent eastward along the bank of the Danube. Dupont felt that retreat would lead to an Austrian pursuit and the destruction of his division, so he chose instead to attack the numerically superior Austrians. He also hoped that he could blunt their attack and at the same time convince them that he had a greater force at his disposal than was in fact the case.
Dupont's 4,100-man 1st Division of the VI Corps was made up of two battalions of 9th Light Infantry and two battalions each of the 32nd and 96th Line Infantry Regiments under Generals of Brigade Jean Rouyer and Jean Marchand. Tilly's cavalry brigade included the 1st Hussar Regiments, plus the 15th and 17th Dragoons. This made a total of 900 horsemen. His nearest support was a division of dragoons under the command of General Louis Baraguey d'Hilliers.
Throughout the day the French were able to launch a series of holding attacks against the Austrian force, the fiercest taking place at the village of Ulm-Jungingen just to the west of Albeck. Here the church was held by the 9th Light. Rouyer fortified the church and sent skirmishers forward to blunt the Austrian attacks. He then sent forward reserve columns that had been held outside the village when the Austrian assault slowed at the church. Mack was unable to make effective use of his massive superiority in cavalry because woods to the north of Dupont’s position protected that general’s flank. As the battle progressed, Field Marshal Mack came to believe that the French troops he was now facing were part of an advance guard, not an isolated group, which prevented him from committing all of his reserves. This blunder allowed Dupont to hold off the Austrians long enough for nightfall to come, at which point he withdrew with his exhausted troops, 6,000 Austrian prisoners and 8 captured cannons toward Brenz. In addition, the Austrians lost 1,100 killed or wounded. Mack was lightly wounded and he withdrew back into Ulm.
The Austrians inflicted a loss of 1,000 killed and captured 2 cannons on Dupont's command. The Austrian Latour Light Dragoons Nr. 4 seized the eagle of the 15th Dragoons.
Strategic consequences
Murat's error gave Mack a great opportunity to break out to the east on the north bank of the Danube. Mack's very weak leadership and Dupont's aggressive response prevented the Austrian army from escaping the trap that Napoleon had set for them. For a few more days, only Dupont and some cavalry blocked the north bank while Mack dithered. After the fighting at Haslach-Jungingen a furious argument broke out between Ney and Murat as to who was responsible for the danger into which Dupont had been placed. Napoleon intervened in this altercation, in the end supporting Ney. On 14 October, at the Battle of Elchingen, Mack tried to break out again, but the rest of Ney's corps attacked across the river to the north bank. This plugged one of Mack's few remaining escape hatches.
Notes
References
Bowden, Scott. Napoleon and Austerlitz. Chicago: Emperor’s, 1997.
Horricks, Raymond. Marshal Ney: The Romance and the Real. London: Archway, 1988
Smith, Digby. The Napoleonic Wars Data Book. Greenhill, 1998.
External links
Napoleon Series
Napoleon Miniatures Wargame Society
Napoleon guide
Obscure Battles: Haslach-Jungingen 1805
Conflicts in 1805
Haslach-Jungingen 1805
Haslach-Jungingen 1805
1805 in the Austrian Empire
1805 in France
1805 in Germany
War of the Third Coalition
Battles of the War of the Third Coalition
1805 in Bavaria
October 1805 events
Battles in Baden-Württemberg | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Battle%20of%20Haslach-Jungingen |
The North Pacific Longliners Association (NPLA) is a trade group that represents the largest longliners.
Fishing trade associations
Trade associations based in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/North%20Pacific%20Longliners%20Association |
Stade de Beaumer, also known as Stade de Moroni, is a multi-use stadium in Moroni, the capital city of the Comoros. It is currently used mostly for football matches.
History
The stadium was built in 1985. A new venue, Stade Said Mohamed Cheikh, was to be built as the Stade de Beaumer is considered insufficient, following Comoros's recent membership in FIFA.
References
Football venues in the Comoros
Buildings and structures in Moroni, Comoros | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stade%20de%20Beaumer |
Hechi () is a prefecture-level city in the northwest of the Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, People's Republic of China, bordering Guizhou to the north. The actual inner city itself is referred as Jinchengjiang (). In June 2002 it gained city status.
Geography and climate
Hechi is located in northwestern Guangxi on the southern end of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. The total area is , with elevations increasing from southeast to northwest. It is very mountainous with ranges including in the north the Jiuwanda Mountains, in the northwest the Phoenix Mountains, in the east the Fengling Mountains, in the west, the Duyang Mountains, and in the southwest the Green Dragon Mountains. The tallest mountain is "Nameless Peak" with an elevation of . Bordering prefecture-level divisions are Liuzhou to the east, Laibin to the southeast, Nanning to the south, and Baise to the southwest in Guangxi and Qiannan Buyi and Miao Autonomous Prefecture, Guizhou to the north.
Hechi has a monsoon-influenced humid subtropical climate (Köppen Cwa) and is generally overcast. The short and mild winters begin dry but become progressively rainier and cloudier. Early spring is the cloudiest time of year, though the monsoonal rains do not arrive until May. Summer is long, hot, and humid, and is the sunniest season. Autumn is warmer and drier than spring. The monthly 24-hour average temperature ranges from in January to in July, and the annual mean is . Annual rainfall averages around , over 65% of which falls from May to August. With monthly percent possible sunshine ranging from 14% in January to 43% in August, the city receives 1,238 hours of bright sunshine annually.
Administration
Hechi has 2 urban district, 4 counties, and 5 autonomous counties.
District:
Jinchengjiang District ()
Yizhou District ()
Counties:
Nandan County ()
Tian'e County ()
Fengshan County ()
Donglan County ()
Autonomous counties:
Bama Yao Autonomous County ()
Du'an Yao Autonomous County ()
Dahua Yao Autonomous County ()
Luocheng Mulao Autonomous County ()
Huanjiang Maonan Autonomous County ()
Demographics
In 2010 Hechi's population was 3,991,900. 83.89%(2,826,400) of the people belong to the national minority. Ethnic groups include Zhuang, Han, Yao, Mulao, Maonan, Miao, Dong, and Shui. In these ethnic groups, Zhuang population was 2,542,852(63.7%), Yao was 365,910(9.16%).It is home to Guangxi's largest national minority population.
These figures are based on the following official statistics:
Economy
Minerals
Hechi is one of Guangxi's most important mineral producers. All of Hechi's counties have large quantities of high quality mineral resources. They include but are not limited to tin, antimony, gold, zinc, indium, copper, iron, silver, manganese, and arsenic. It is a major source of gold for both China and the global market. Limestone and marble are also produced.
Water
Due to Hechi's tropical wet climate, water power is also a major resource. Each year, more than of water flows through Hechi; 13% of all of Guangxi's water. There are more than 630 streams, creeks, and rivers with a combined length of more than . Hydropwer facilities on these rivers produce more than 10 gigawatts of electricity; half of Guangxi's hydropower energy.
Agriculture
Hechi's climate, weather, and soil make it a major agricultural center. More than 400 types of crops including oranges, pineapple, corn, lotus root, casava, sugarcane, tobacco, vegetables, melons, mulberry, mushrooms and more than 100 different kinds of rice are grown here. Sugarcane is a major crop with more than 220,000 tons of refined sugar produced each year from of cane. Oil plants such as peanuts, sesame, and grape are also important.
Fruit make up a significant portion of Hechi's agriculture. There are more than 200 kinds of fruit found here. 120,000 tons of fruit are grown annually on more than of land.
Forestry
Forest products are another important industry. Hechi has more than of forest. More than 200 species of wild plants can be used in Chinese medicine.
Flora and fauna
Due to its tropical wet climate, Hechi has an amazing level of biodiversity. There are more than 1800 species of plants, 150 species of trees, 700 species of insects, 50 species of fish, and 60 species of land animals, many of which are rare and protected. Animals such as langurs, pangolins, and wild cats can be found in Hechi's forested mountains.
Transportation
Air
Hechi Jinchengjiang Airport
Rail
Hechi Railway Station, part of the Guizhou–Guangxi Railway
References
External links
Official Website
Cities in Guangxi
Prefecture-level divisions of Guangxi | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hechi |
Sauquoit is a hamlet in the Town of Paris, Oneida County, New York, United States. It is located on New York Route 8, approximately six miles south of Utica and east of Paris village. It straddles Sauquoit Creek, a small Mohawk River tributary, and nestles in the Sauquoit Valley.
Sauquoit is the birthplace of Asa Gray, botanist; Michael O'Donoghue, humor writer and performer who worked on National Lampoon and Saturday Night Live; Arthur Cushman McGiffert, theologian; and Richard Mathy, reality contestant on season 4 of The Bachelorette. 12-year-old Sauquoit resident Sara Anne Wood disappeared in 1993.
The local high school is Sauquoit Valley Central School, which has held several cross-country state championships, including a stretch of three boys' state titles in four years (2001, 2002, 2004) and an undefeated dual meet streak from 1993 to 2005. The school has also had several individual cross country state champions.
References
Hamlets in New York (state)
Hamlets in Oneida County, New York | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sauquoit%2C%20New%20York |
The National Stadium of East Timor (, ), also known as the Municipal Stadium of Dili (, ), is a multi-purpose stadium in Dili, East Timor.
The stadium has a capacity of 5,000 and is used mostly for football matches.
History
In 1999-2000, during the 1999 East Timorese crisis and its aftermath, the stadium was used as a makeshift refugee camp and emergency relief distribution point.
On 21 December 1999, the stadium hosted the Tour of Duty – Concert for the Troops, featuring Kylie Minogue and John Farnham, for the Australian troops serving with the International Force for East Timor (INTERFET).
Since 2004, the stadium has been home to the finals of the Super Liga Timorense, the Taça Digicel, and, more recently, the Taça 12 de Novembro and the Liga Futebol Amadora / Timor-Leste.
In 2005, world-renowned soccer player Cristiano Ronaldo visited Dili stadium and posed for a picture with the President, Xanana Gusmão.
In 2006, the stadium once again housed a refugee camp, for over 1,000 displaced people.
A tournament held between East Timorese national teams, a UN Police team and Australian and New Zealand combined teams was held in May 2007.
During the 2010s, the stadium was renovated in two separate projects, commenced in 2011 and 2016, respectively. The 2011 renovations were inaugurated in April 2012 by the then Prime Minister of East Timor, Xanana Gusmão.
On 12 March 2015, the stadium hosted the first international home match of the Timor-Leste national football team in the first round 2018 FIFA World Cup qualification against Mongolia with Timor winning 4–1.
The 2016 renovations were valued at , and included the renovation of the grandstand, construction of bathrooms, electricity rooms, and lighting poles, and adding seats to the grandstand. As of mid-2019, those renovations had not yet been completed.
On 20 September 2019, to commemorate the 20th anniversary of the formation of INTERFET task force, friendly football matches were played at the stadium between teams of Falintil and Interfet veterans, and between the Timor-Leste national team and an Australian Defence Force team.
In February 2021, the Board of Directors of the Infrastructure Fund ( (CAFI)) approved an additional budget of more than to complete the 2016 renovations.
On 13 June 2022, the Minister of Justice, Tiago Amaral Sarmento, met with the East Timor Football Federation (FFTL), as representative of the International Association Football Federation (FIFA), and handed over documentation assigning the site of the stadium, including land known as , to the FFTL. The assignment, for a price to be agreed later, was made in connection with a long term contract between the parties, under which the stadium and other football fields in East Timor would be brought up to international standards, at FIFA's expense.
Just under a year later, on 8 June 2023, the Secretary of State for Youth and Sport, , announced that FIFA had agreed to build two international standard football stadiums in East Timor, one of them at the National Stadium, and the other at the Xanana Sports Center. He also said that the two stadium designs had been finalised and analysed by a FIFA technical team, and that after data verification was complete, FIFA would call tenders for construction.
Facilities
The stadium has an athletics track, which has been used for training for the Summer Olympic Games. There are two grandstands on the Eastern and Western sides of the field; the main grandstand has a roof. Total capacity of the stadium is 5,000 people.
Due to problems with the stadium's infrastructure, the national football team must sometimes play its home games in other countries. For example, in the first rounds of the 2026 FIFA World Cup AFC qualification and 2027 AFC Asian Cup qualification (which double up as each other), Timor-Leste will play both its home and way games at the National Stadium in Kaohsiung, Taiwan rather than the home game being played domestically.
Major matches
References
External links
Football venues in East Timor
Athletics (track and field) venues in East Timor
Sport in Dili
Buildings and structures in Dili
East Timor
Multi-purpose stadiums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Stadium%20%28East%20Timor%29 |
Nonwoven fabric is a fabric-like material made from staple fibre (short) and long fibres (continuous long), bonded together by chemical, mechanical, heat or solvent treatment. The term is used in the textile manufacturing industry to denote fabrics, such as felt, which are neither woven nor knitted. Some non-woven materials lack sufficient strength unless densified or reinforced by a backing. In recent years, non-wovens have become an alternative to polyurethane foam.
Applications
Non-woven fabric is a type of textile material that is not woven or knitted in the traditional sense. It is produced by directly bonding or interlocking fibers together using various techniques, such as mechanical, chemical, or heat processes. This results in a fabric that is made of fibers held in place through these methods, rather than being woven together using a traditional weaving process.
Some key characteristics of non-woven fabrics include:
1. **Versatility:** Non-woven fabrics can be made from various types of fibers, such as natural fibers like cotton or synthetic fibers like polyester. This allows for a wide range of applications and uses.
2. **Strength and Durability:** Non-woven fabrics can be engineered to have specific strength and durability properties, making them suitable for various applications where strength is important.
3. **Absorbency:** Depending on the fibers used and the manufacturing process, non-woven fabrics can exhibit different levels of absorbency. This makes them useful for products like wipes, medical dressings, and more.
4. **Breathability:** Non-woven fabrics can be designed to be breathable, which makes them suitable for products like disposable diapers and medical garments.
5. **Cost-Effectiveness:** Non-woven fabrics can often be produced at a lower cost compared to traditional woven fabrics due to the simpler manufacturing processes involved.
6. **Customizability:** Non-woven fabrics can be engineered to have specific properties such as softness, stretch, texture, and more, depending on the intended application.
Non-woven fabrics find applications in a wide range of industries and products, including:
- **Medical and Hygiene:** Surgical gowns, masks, wipes, bandages, and diapers.
- **Geotextiles:** Used in construction and civil engineering for erosion control, drainage, and road stabilization.
- **Automotive:** Car interiors, upholstery, and trunk liners.
- **Filtration:** Air filters, water filters, and industrial filtration applications.
- **Packaging:** Shopping bags, tote bags, and promotional bags.
- **Apparel:** Non-woven fabrics can be used as interlinings, providing structure and shape to garments.
- **Home Furnishings:** Tablecloths, upholstery, and curtains.
Overall, non-woven fabrics offer a diverse range of properties and applications, making them an important part of the textile industry and various other sectors..
Nonwoven fabrics are engineered fabrics that may be single-use, have a limited life, or be very durable. Nonwoven fabrics provide specific functions such as absorbency, liquid repellence, resilience, stretch, softness, strength, flame retardancy, washability, cushioning, thermal insulation, acoustic insulation, filtration, use as a bacterial barrier and sterility. These properties are often combined to create fabrics suited for specific jobs, while achieving a good balance between product use-life and cost. They can mimic the appearance, texture and strength of a woven fabric and can be as bulky as the thickest paddings. In combination with other materials they provide a spectrum of products with diverse properties, and are used alone or as components of apparel, home furnishings, health care, engineering, industrial and consumer goods.
Non-woven materials are used in numerous applications, including:
Medical
isolation gowns
surgical gowns
surgical drapes and covers
surgical masks
surgical scrub suits
caps
medical packaging: porosity allows gas sterilization
gloves
shoe covers
bath wipes
wound dressings
drug delivery
plasters
Filters
gasoline, oil and air – including HEPA filtration
water, coffee, tea bags
pharmaceutical industry
mineral processing
liquid cartridge and bag filters
vacuum bags
allergen membranes or laminates with non woven layers
Geotextiles
Nonwoven geotextile containers (sand bags) are used for
soil stabilizers and roadway underlayment
foundation stabilizers
erosion control
canal construction
drainage systems
geomembrane protection
frost protection
pond and canal water barriers
sand infiltration barrier for drainage tile
landfill liners
They are more robust in handling as compared to their woven counterparts, and therefore were often preferred in large-scale erosion protection projects such as those at Amrumbank West; Narrow Neck, Queensland; Kliffende house on Sylt island, and the Eider Barrage. In the last case, only 10 bags out of 48,000 were damaged despite a high installation rate of 700 bags per day.
Other
diaperstock, feminine hygiene, and other absorbent materials
carpet backing, primary and secondary
composites
marine sail laminates
tablecover laminates
chopped strand mat
backing/stabilizer for machine embroidery
packaging where porosity is needed
Shopping bags
insulation (fiberglass batting)
acoustic insulation for appliances, automotive components, and wall-paneling
pillows, cushions, mattress cores, and upholstery padding
batting in quilts or comforters
consumer and medical face masks
mailing envelopes
tarps, tenting and transportation (lumber, steel) wrapping
disposable clothing (foot coverings, coveralls)
weather resistant house wrap
cleanroom wipes
potting material for plants
wallcovering
Manufacturing processes
Nonwovens are typically manufactured by putting small fibers together in the form of a sheet or web (similar to paper on a paper machine), and then binding them either mechanically (as in the case of felt, by interlocking them with serrated needles such that the inter-fiber friction results in a stronger fabric), with an adhesive, or thermally (by applying binder (in the form of powder, paste, or polymer melt) and melting the binder onto the web by increasing temperature).
Staple nonwovens
Staple nonwovens are made in 4 steps. Fibers are first spun, cut to a few centimeters length, and put into bales. The staple fibers are then blended, "opened" in a multistep process, dispersed on a conveyor belt, and spread in a uniform web by a wetlaid, airlaid, or carding/crosslapping process. Wetlaid operations typically use long fibers, but sometimes longer if the fiber is stiff or thick. Airlaid processing generally uses fibers. Carding operations typically use ~1.5" (3.8 cm) long fibers. Rayon used to be a common fiber in nonwovens, now greatly replaced by polyethylene terephthalate (PET) and polypropylene. Fiberglass is wetlaid into mats for use in roofing and shingles. Synthetic fiber blends are wetlaid along with cellulose for single-use fabrics. Staple nonwovens are bonded either thermally or by using resin. Bonding can be throughout the web by resin saturation or overall thermal bonding or in a distinct pattern via resin printing or thermal spot bonding. Conforming with staple fibers usually refers to a combination with melt blowing, often used in high-end textile insulations.
Melt-blown
Melt-blown nonwovens are produced by extruding melted polymer fibers through a spin net or die consisting of up to 40 holes per inch to form long thin fibers which are stretched and cooled by passing hot air over the fibers as they fall from the die. The resultant web is collected into rolls and subsequently converted to finished products. The extremely fine fibers (typically polypropylene) differ from other extrusions, particularly spun bond, in that they have low intrinsic strength but much smaller size offering key properties. Often melt blown is added to spun bond to form SM or SMS webs, which are strong and offer the intrinsic benefits of fine fibers such as fine filtration, low pressure drop as used in face masks or filters and physical benefits such as acoustic insulation as used in dishwashers. One of the largest users of SM and SMS materials is the disposable diaper and feminine care industry.
Spunbond nonwovens
Spunbond nonwovens are made in one continuous process. Fibers are spun and then directly dispersed into a web by deflectors or can be directed with air streams. This technique leads to faster belt speeds, and cheaper costs. Several variants of this concept are available, such as the REICOFIL machinery. PP spunbonds run faster and at lower temperatures than PET spunbonds, mostly due to the difference in melting points
Spunbond has been combined with melt-blown nonwovens, conforming them into a layered product called SMS (spun-melt-spun). Melt-blown nonwovens have extremely fine fiber diameters but are not strong fabrics. SMS fabrics, made completely from PP are water-repellent and fine enough to serve as disposable fabrics. Melt-blown is often used as filter media, being able to capture very fine particles. Spunbond is bonded by either resin or thermally. Regarding the bonding of Spunbond, Rieter has launched a new generation of nonwovens called Spunjet.
Spunlace nonwovens
Spunlace nonwovens are made by a process called hydroentanglement. This process uses high-pressure jets of water to entangle fibers together, creating a strong, durable fabric. The process begins with a web of fibers, which can be natural or synthetic, laid out on a conveyor belt.
The web is then passed through a series of jets that spray water at high pressure onto the fibers. The water jets cause the fibers to tangle and interlock, forming a strong bond between them. The web is then dried and finished to create the desired product.
Flashspun
Flashspun fabrics are created by spraying a dissolved resin into a chamber, where the solvent evaporates.
Air-laid paper
Air-laid paper is a textile-like material categorized as a nonwoven fabric made from wood pulp. Unlike the normal papermaking process, air-laid paper does not use water as the carrying medium for the fiber. Fibers are carried and formed to the structure of paper by air.
Other
Nonwovens can also start with films and fibrillate, serrate or vacuum-form them with patterned holes. Fiberglass nonwovens are of two basic types. Wet laid mat or "glass tissue" use wet-chopped, heavy denier fibers in the 6 to 20 micrometre diameter range. Flame attenuated mats or "batts" use discontinuous fine denier fibers in the 0.1 to 6 range. The latter is similar, though run at much higher temperatures, to melt-blown thermoplastic nonwovens. Wet laid mat is almost always wet resin bonded with a curtain coater, while batts are usually spray bonded with wet or dry resin. An unusual process produces polyethylene fibrils in a Freon-like fluid, forming them into a paper-like product and then calendering them to create Tyvek.
Bonding
Both staple and spunlaid nonwovens would have no mechanical resistance in and of themselves, without the bonding step. Several methods can be used:
thermal bonding
use of a heat sealer
using a large oven for curing
calendering through heated rollers (called spunbond when combined with spunlaid webs), calenders can be smooth faced for an overall bond or patterned for a softer, more tear resistant bond
hydroentanglement: mechanical intertwining of fibers by water jets (also called spunlace)
ultrasonic pattern bonding: used in high-loft or fabric insulation/quilts/bedding
needlepunching/needlefelting: mechanical intertwining of fibers by needles
chemical bonding (wetlaid process): use of binders (such as latex emulsion or solution polymers) to chemically join the fibers. A more expensive route uses binder fibers or powders that soften and melt to hold other non-melting fibers together
one type of cotton staple nonwoven is treated with sodium hydroxide to shrink bond the mat, the caustic causes the cellulose-based fibers to curl and shrink around one another as the bonding technique
one unusual polyamide(Cerex) is self-bonded with gas-phase acid
melt-blown: fiber is bonded as air attenuated fibers intertangle with themselves during simultaneous fiber and web formation.
Disposability
The industry has attempted to define "flushability". They encourage voluntary testing of flushability by producers. They also encourage clear marking of non-flushable products as "No Flush" (rather than fine print on the bottom of products) including creating a "No Flush" logo.
The wastewater industry is encouraging a standard definition (rather than one which varies with each producer) of flushability, including dispersibility, and third-party assessment or verification, such as by NSF International. They believe that products should be safe for both septic and sewer systems (flushable and dispersible, respectively). Orange County Sanitation District has created a campaign, "What 2 Flush", which recommends flushing only the "three P's—pee, poop and [toilet] paper".
See also
Disposable towel
References
External links
Association of Nonwovens (EDANA: Europe)
The Association of the Nonwovens Fabrics Industry (INDA: US)
Synthetic paper
Packaging materials | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nonwoven%20fabric |
Dominica is an overwhelmingly Christian majority country, with adherents of Islam being a minuscule minority. Due to secular nature of the Dominica's constitution, Muslims are free to proselytize and build places of worship in the country.
Statistics for Islam in Dominica are not readily available. According to the International Religious Freedom Report in 2005, followers of minority religions and denominations, which range in number from 1.6 percent to 0.2 percent of the population, include Rastafarians, Jehovah's Witnesses, Anglicans, and Muslims. The Muslim community, which consists mostly of foreign students at Ross University School of Medicine, financed the 2004 construction of the Al Ansaar Mosque in Portsmouth. The islands known Islamic organizations include the Muslim Community of Dominica in Roseau and the Association of Muslim Students at Ross.
External links
Muslim Community of Dominica | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Islam%20in%20Dominica |
William G. Durden is a former president of Dickinson College. He was a Fulbright scholar and a recipient of the Klingenstein Fellowship from Teacher's College, Columbia University.
Education
Durden completed high school at The Albany Academy in Albany, New York. He was one of the first generation in his family to attend college, receiving a B.A. degree from Dickinson in 1971 and M.A. and Ph.D. degrees in German languages and literature from Johns Hopkins University. While a student at Dickinson, he was a member of the Theta Chi fraternity.
Career
Durden was the executive director of the Johns Hopkins University Center for Talented Youth for 16 years and a member of the university's German Department. For 11 of his years at Hopkins, he was a senior education consultant for the U.S. Department of State and chair of its Advisory Committee on Exceptional Children and Youth. Durden has also served as president of the Sylvan Academy of Sylvan Learning Systems, Inc. and as vice-president for academic affairs of the Caliber Learning Network, a joint distance-learning venture of Sylvan and MCI.
Dickinson College president
He assumed the presidency of Dickinson College on July 1, 1999 and was inaugurated on 30 October 1999.
During his presidency Durden led several sweeping changes at Dickinson to re-establish a leading role in Liberal Arts education. Durden oversaw the combination of former Library and Information Technology departments into Library and Information Services while also updating the college's antiquated student record systems. Academics were improved and the focus on international education strengthened. Durden was also a strong propont of the role of Liberal Arts education in business training. Dickinson grew to renown for sustainable and green education initiatives during Durden's presidency.
In 2008, President Durden was a signatory to the Amethyst Initiative, an organization urging a public debate about reconsidering the legal drinking age of 21.
Durden left office with the inauguration of Nancy Roseman on 28 September 2013.
Appointments
Durden was a mentor for the American Council on Education Fellows Program, the premier higher education leadership development program in the US. He was the mentor for 2004-2005 ACE Fellow Michael B. Brown (now associate dean of the Thomas Harriot College of Arts and Sciences at East Carolina University). In 2007-08, Durden served as chairman of the Annapolis Group subcommittee working on proposing an alternative to the U.S. News & World Report rankings of colleges. Recently, he was appointed chair of the advisory board of the Center for the International Exchange of Scholars, Fulbright Scholar Program. He is also a board member of Walden University, a for-profit higher education institute.
Legacy
Durden was well known for wearing colorful bow ties on campus and provided graduating students with a video of how to wear a bow tie.
The Durden Athletics Training Centre was announced in 2012 after a gift of $6 million from Samuel G. Rose '58 and Julie Walters. The center features a new two-story, athletics-training center replacing the 1960s-era locker rooms at Dickinson’s Biddle Field. The new facility was named the Durden Athletic Training Center to honor the tenure of President William G. Durden ’71 and his wife, Dr. Elke Durden.
References
External links
Dickinson College biography of William Durden
YouTube Video: "How to Tie a Bowtie" (featuring William Durden)
Year of birth missing (living people)
Living people
Johns Hopkins University alumni
Presidents of Dickinson College
Dickinson College alumni
The Albany Academy alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/William%20Durden |
Cornelius Joseph "Neil" Cohalan (July 31, 1906 – January 22, 1968) was an American basketball coach. He was the first coach of the New York Knicks and has the distinction of being the winning coach of the first game played in the Basketball Association of America (BAA), the forerunner to the modern National Basketball Association (NBA). The game, a November 1, 1946 contest between the Knicks and the Toronto Huskies played in famed Maple Leaf Gardens, was won 68–66 by the Knickerbockers.
Prior to his pro career, Cohalan was the head basketball coach at Manhattan College from 1924 through 1942, where as a student he played basketball and football.
Cohalan died on January 22, 1968.
References
External links
NBA.com. The first game
BasketballReference.com: Neil Cohalan
1906 births
1968 deaths
American football quarterbacks
American men's basketball players
New York Knicks head coaches
Manhattan Jaspers football players
Manhattan Jaspers men's basketball coaches
Manhattan Jaspers men's basketball players
Sportspeople from the Bronx
Players of American football from New York (state)
Basketball coaches from New York (state)
Basketball players from New York City | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil%20Cohalan |
White Hen Pantry (known as White Hen in the Midwest) was a Lombard, Illinois-based chain of approximately 261 predominantly franchisee-owned convenience stores located in and around Detroit, Boston / southern New Hampshire, southern Wisconsin, northwest Indiana and central Illinois areas of the United States. Most of the stores were open 24 hours and offered an array of standard convenience store fare such as coffees, cappuccinos, frozen and dry goods and toiletries. Many also had full delis serving boxed sandwiches and salads, name-brand meats and cheeses and fresh fruits and vegetables. White Hen's array of services included catering options and sales of external holiday gift cards. Most stores also had ATMs and sold lottery tickets; White Hen was the largest ticket vendor of the Illinois Lottery before being acquired by 7-Eleven.
Most of the White Hen Pantry locations were rebranded as 7-Eleven stores by the end of 2010.
History
20th century
White Hen Pantry was founded by Jewel Tea Company (now Jewel-Osco) as Kwik Shoppe and began franchising in July 1965, borrowing the idea from Texas-based 7-11 stores which were the first convenience stores. The first location opened in 1965 with the name Kwik Shoppe and was located at 20 E. Golf Road in Des Plaines, IL. A few months later, it adopted the White Hen Pantry name, taken from Jewel's egg supplier, White Hen Egg Farms. The next stores to open, also in 1965, were located at 6 S. Park Boulevard in Glen Ellyn, IL, 1045 S. York Road in Bensenville, IL and 155 E. 1st Street in Elmhurst, IL.
After American Stores purchased Jewel in 1984, White Hen Pantry was sold to its management team and became an independent company.
2000s
In 2001 it was sold to Clark Retail Enterprises, Inc., which immediately sold all 55 White Hen Pantry stores in Massachusetts and New Hampshire to New England Pantry, Inc. This deal made New England Pantry a sub-franchisor of the White Hen Pantry brand, and its exclusive franchisor in the New England area.
In 2005 and the first part of 2006, White Hen franchises underwent a series of ups and downs. In the third quarter of 2005 the company planned to increase its store count in the Chicago area by as much as 25 over the course of 2006. While still foreseeing eventual growth, the company changed its immediate plans and planned to sell 15 of its stores in 2006. One explanation for its revamped course of action came from its push toward serving freshly prepared deli offerings to replace stagnating sales of tobacco and other traditional convenience store wares. In summer 2005, White Hen's push toward deli-fresh offerings was strong in Chicago, where it offered free samples of its private label Pantry Select chips at an August Chicago Cubs baseball game. Its new deli-fresh focus reportedly failed to meet the needs of some of the many demographics to which the store catered, hurting the quick growth for which it had originally planned.
In line with its focus on deli-fresh goods, White Hen opened what it billed as a "store of the future" in Chicago's Wicker Park neighborhood on April 17, 2006. In addition to offering White Hen's standard fare, this particular venue offered "an expanded line-up of natural and organic foods, fresh Pantry Select green salads . . . and a toasted-to-order Hot & Fresh sandwich program with a state-of-the-art touch screen ordering system."
On August 11, 2006, White Hen Pantry, Inc. was purchased by Seven & I Holdings Co., Japan's No. 1 retailer and the operator of 7-Eleven convenience stores in the United States. White Hen CEO Brandon Barnholt cited the merger as a great opportunity for the company, its franchisers and its customers. In the months following the acquisition, White Hen stores continued to function as they had.
In July 2007, some White Hen stores began to be converted to 7-Eleven stores. Eventually, the White Hen name disappeared from the converted stores, having been replaced with the 7-Eleven branding.
2010s
The White Hen logo continued for a time to be used for some prepared foods such as sandwiches, under the "Pantry Select" brand. Deli counters and products were removed and replaced with standard 7-Eleven offerings. In October 2013, a White Hen Pantry store located in Boston, Massachusetts closed, preparing for a conversion to 7-Eleven. Some locations still existed until 2016.
References
External links
Official Website (Chicago Area)
New England Website
Lombard, Illinois
Companies based in DuPage County, Illinois
Defunct retail companies of the United States
American companies established in 1965
Retail companies established in 1965
Retail companies disestablished in 2013
Economy of Massachusetts
New England
Economy of the Northeastern United States
Convenience stores of the United States
7-Eleven
2006 mergers and acquisitions | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/White%20Hen%20Pantry |
Avior may refer to:
Avior Airlines - an airline based in Barcelona, Anzoátegui, Venezuela
Epsilon Carinae, a star | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avior |
Lackawanna College (Lackawanna or LC) is a private college in Scranton, Pennsylvania. It also has satellite centers in Hazleton, Hawley, Sunbury, Towanda, and Tunkhannock, and an Environmental Education Center in Covington Township.
Academics
The private four-year college has evolved with an open admissions policy and enrolls approximately 1,991 students.
While the college offers a variety of traditional academic programs, many of its popular majors are centered on vocations, such as law enforcement, culinary arts, and accounting. Lackawanna has invested in several Health Sciences programs including Cardiac Sonography, Diagnostic Medical Sonography, Vascular Technology, Physical Therapist Assistant, Occupational Therapy Assistant, and Surgical Technology. Lackawanna has established transfer agreements with a number of colleges in Pennsylvania and is part of the state's academic passport system.
Industry-specific degrees were created at the School of Petroleum and Natural Gas to fill the demand of the Marcellus Shale career opportunities in the work force. According to "Petroleum-schools.com", Lackawanna College ranks seventh in Pennsylvania among top academic petroleum programs. Those programs were moved to the college's new Tunkhannock Center upon its opening in the Fall 2021 semester.
Lackawanna College also operates police academies at its Scranton campus and Hazleton Center. The academy was originally certified by the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania through the Municipal Police Officers’ Education and Training Commission in Harrisburg, on April 21, 1977. Lackawanna is the first and continues to be the only private college in Northeastern Pennsylvania authorized to provide police education and training.
As of July 1, 2020, Lackawanna's president is Dr. Jill Murray, who succeeded former Lackawanna College president Colonel Mark Volk. The college is accredited by the Middle States Commission on Higher Education.
Notable alumni
Mike Balogun, former professional football player, Buffalo Bills, Dallas Cowboys, Tampa Bay Buccaneers, and Washington Redskins
Jaquan Brisker, professional football player, Chicago Bears
Jermaine Eluemunor, professional football player, Las Vegas Raiders
Mark Glowinski, professional football player, New York Giants
Bryant McKinnie, former professional football player, Baltimore Ravens, Miami Dolphins, and Minnesota Vikings
Bob Mellow, former President pro tempore of the Pennsylvania Senate
Gale H. Stalker, former U.S. Congressman from New York
Lorenzo Taliaferro, former professional football player, Baltimore Ravens
Emmanuel Ubilla, professional basketball player, BK NH Ostrava
Kevin White, former professional football player, Chicago Bears, New Orleans Saints, and San Francisco 49ers
Kyzir White, professional football player, Arizona Cardinals
References
External links
Official website
Official athletics website
1912 establishments in Pennsylvania
Education in Susquehanna County, Pennsylvania
Education in Wayne County, Pennsylvania
Garden State Athletic Conference
Educational institutions established in 1912
NJCAA athletics
Private universities and colleges in Pennsylvania
Scranton, Pennsylvania
Two-year colleges in the United States
Universities and colleges in Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania
Universities and colleges in Luzerne County, Pennsylvania | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lackawanna%20College |
The Stade Jean-Ivoula, colloquially known as Stade de l'Est, is a multi-use stadium in Saint-Denis, Réunion. It is currently used mostly for football matches. The stadium holds 7,500.
See also
Réunion national football team
References
Football venues in Réunion
Buildings and structures in Saint-Denis, Réunion
Sport in Saint-Denis, Réunion | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stade%20Jean-Ivoula |
Francis Plain Playing Field is a multi-use sporting venue in Francis Plain, Saint Helena. The ground holds 2,000 and was built in 1970. It is used for cricket and football.
The Saint Helena Cricket Association (SHCA) utilises Francis Plain during the local cricket season which runs from December to May and includes a district league and three different tournaments. The cricket pitch is concrete overlaid with matting, rather than a traditional turf wicket.
References
External links
Photos at cafe.daum.net/stade
Francis Plain Playing Field
Athletics (track and field) venues in Saint Helena
Sports venues completed in 1970
Football venues in British Overseas Territories
Football in Saint Helena
Cricket grounds in Africa
Cricket in Saint Helena | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis%20Plain%20Playing%20Field |
Marywood University is a private Catholic university in Scranton, Pennsylvania. Established in 1915 by the Sisters, Servants of the Immaculate Heart of Mary, Marywood currently enrolls more than 2,800 students in a variety of undergraduate, graduate, and doctoral programs. The university has a national arboretum with more than 100 types of trees and shrubs.
History
The Sisters, Servants of the Immaculate Heart of Mary came to Scranton, Pennsylvania, and established St. Cecilia's Academy in 1878 "for young ladies". Mount St. Mary's Seminary opened in 1902. Mother M. Cyril Conway, IHM superior in 1901, deliberately chose the term "seminary" (roughly equivalent to a high school in present times) to avoid the suggestion of a finishing school – which was a much more common destination at that time for older girls who could afford to continue their education – as it was intended to be "a place where young scholars dedicated themselves to serious study". The Motherhouse was co-located with the seminary. Its buildings suffered major damage during a fire in the 1970s. As a result, the Jesuit Scranton Preparatory School, then a boys' school, became co-educational to accommodate the girls. The arch, now known as "Memorial Arch", which stood at the entrance to the seminary-cum-motherhouse, still stands on the present-day campus and the former seminary's name can be seen engraved on it.
The seminary was the next time step to the sisters' ultimate goal: to open a women's college in Scranton. Marywood College opened on September 8, 1915 with 34 students. Germaine O'Neil served as the first president and treasurer. It was the fifth Catholic women's college in the United States. The first batch of students graduated in 1919 with a Bachelor of Arts, Bachelor of Science, or Bachelor of Letters. By the 1930s, the college had diversified its curriculum, offering subjects ranging from the social sciences to pre-medical. In 1937, the sisters turned down an invitation to merge with St. Thomas College, then under the Christian Brothers. St. Thomas later came under the administration of the Jesuits after World War II and is now the University of Scranton.
By the 1970s, other single-sex Catholic colleges and universities in the diocese such as College Misericordia and King's College were becoming co-educational and Marywood followed suit, opening its doors to male students in the fall of 1989. In 1997, the college was granted university status by the Pennsylvania Department of Education, officially becoming Marywood University.
Over half the campus is located in Dunmore.
Academics
Marywood's programs are administered through four degree-granting colleges, with 60 bachelor's degree, 36 master's degree, two doctoral degrees, two terminal degrees by program (MFA, Ed.S.). All students are required to complete a core curriculum in the liberal arts in addition to the courses in their major. Undergraduates may also enroll in double majors, honors, and independent study programs, practicums, internships, and study abroad, as well as Army and Air Force ROTC programs.
The university is structured into three colleges:
College of Arts and Sciences
Departments:
Art
Communication, Language and Literature
Music, Theatre, and Dance
Philosophy and Religious Studies
Science, Mathematics, and Computer Science
Social Sciences
Galleries
Undeclared Majors
College of Health and Human Services
Departments:
Communication Sciences & Disorders
Nutrition, Athletic Training, and Exercise Science
Nursing
Respiratory Therapy
Physician Assistant
Psychology and Counseling
Social Work
Human Physiology Lab
College of Professional Studies
Departments:
Architecture
Business and Global Innovation
Education
Ph.D. Strategic Leadership and Administrative Studies and MPA Program
Professional Continuing Education
Athletics
Marywood University is an NCAA Division III school and member of the Atlantic East Conference. The official name given is the Marywood Pacers. Marywood competes at the varsity level in baseball, basketball, cross-country, field hockey, golf, lacrosse, rugby, soccer, softball, swimming and diving, tennis, track and field, and volleyball. Students may also choose from more than 30 intramural programs, including club sports, as well as fitness options, recreational classes, and activity clubs. Marywood University's Mascot's name is Maxis Gillet after the Founder of the IHM Sisters, Mother Theresa Maxis and their Chaplain, Fr. Louis Gillet.
Campus buildings and landmarks
Marywood University is home to about 20 different buildings on its campus, including the following:
The Center for Natural and Health Sciences houses several academic departments, including Mathematics, Science, Nursing, and Administrative Studies.
The Swartz Center for Spiritual Life, opened in 2007, contains the Marian Chapel, Campus Ministry, and Conference and Event Services.
The Fricchione Day Care Center, built in 1991, is a child development center for children of Marywood staff, faculty, and students.
Immaculata Hall was built in the 1950s. It was originally called Alumnae Hall, and it was renamed to honor Sister M. Immaculata Gillespie, Marywood's first dean. It houses the President's Office and the Office of Planning and Institutional Research.
The Insalaco Center for Studio Arts, completed in 2001, houses the Kresge Gallery and features drawing and painting studios showcasing naturally-lit rooms with fine views of the campus. There are studios and equipment for woodworking, fiber arts, jewelry-making, ceramics, sculpture, photography, printmaking, a computer Mac lab, and private and semi-private studios for upper level BFA, MA, and MFA students.
The Learning Commons, is a 21st Century library that focuses on actively empowering the learner. It is a scholars’ gathering place, where students from all disciplines converge, collaborate, and expand their horizons ever further. The facility includes traditional library services & facilities, a state of the art automatic book-retrieval system, knowledge bar & atrium, regional archives, center for Communication Arts, entrepreneurial launchpad, center for transformational teaching and learning, private and group study rooms, a cafe, audio/visual rooms, seminar rooms, and a memorial garden. It is also home to TV Marywood and VMFM-FM 91.7.
The Liberal Arts Center houses many academic departments, including Religious Studies, Philosophy, Social Sciences, English, and Foreign Languages. The Admissions Office is also located here. The LAC also features the Marywood Rotunda.
Maria Hall, one of the original campus structures, now houses the University Development/Advancement Office.
The Center for Athletics and Wellness includes a 1,500-seat arena, a fitness center, and other athletic facilities. The center also includes the Aquatics Center; opened in 2011, it has an 8-lane NCAA regulation pool, 3-meter diving board, 1-meter diving boards, competition gutters, and seating for 200 spectators.
The Memorial Arch, built in 1902, originally held the inscription "Mt. St. Mary's" and marked the entrance to the original Motherhouse, which was the location of Mt. St. Mary's seminary. Even though the Motherhouse was destroyed by fire in 1971, the arch still stands as the welcoming landmark at the entrance of the campus. The statue of the Virgin Mary on top of the arch is often referred to by students as the "Electric Mary" due to its halo encircled by light bulbs. The original stone steps to the Motherhouse are behind the arch.
The Michael and Gwen Calabro Delfino Amphitheatre, built in 2017, is an outdoor performing arts space with natural tiered lawn and is used for academics, staged art, outdoor exhibitions, and recreation.
The Memorial Commons was built in 1975 as a memorial to the original IHM Motherhouse that burned down in 1971. The Memorial Commons was renovated during the construction of the Learning Commons and was renamed the Motherhouse and Seminary Morgan Memorial Garden, dedicated on Marywood's Centennial Anniversary, September 8, 2015.
The Nazareth Student Center, built in 1964, houses the main dining room, a lounge, a game room, the university bookstore, the Office of Student Activities and Leadership Development, and other university offices.
The O'Neill Center for Healthy Families, built in 2002, houses academic programs and research facilities.
The Sette LaVerghetta Center for Performing Arts, built in the 1950s as Assumption Hall, was rededicated in honor of Sette LaVerghetta in 1998. It houses the Music, Theatre, and Dance department.
The Center for Architectural Studies, completed in fall 2009, is a state-of-the-art example of sustainable design. It is a spacious, adaptive re-use of Marywood's former gymnasium. It has two levels of studios, a woodshop, a computer-aided design (CAD) laboratory, and a student lounge. It houses the region's first and only school of architecture.
The Tony Domiano Early Childhood Center, built in 2000, provides space for about 60 children in pre-school and kindergarten.
The Shields Center for Visual Arts serves Marywood's art students. It has classroom space for the graphic design, illustration, art history, and art therapy programs, as well as a 24-hour drop-in Mac lab. It also houses three art galleries: Mahady Gallery, Suraci Gallery, and Maslow Study Gallery.
The McGowan Center for Graduate and Professional Studies, renovated in 1998, was previously known as the Center for Human Services. It houses the College of Professional Studies and the Counseling/Student Development Center.
The Veterans Resource Center, formerly Bethany Hall, houses the Office of Military and Veteran Services and provides a gathering place for the Student Veteran Alliance. Student veterans are welcome to use the center's community lounge, quiet study space, and kitchen.
Housing
Loughran Hall is a residence hall for freshman students only and accommodates up to 324. Room doors are secured through a card access system and a staffed security desk is located on the terrace level of the building. There are ADA compliant rooms which are handicap accessible. Laundry rooms, study rooms, TV rooms, and public use microwaves are located on several floors. This building is connected to the Swartz Center for Spiritual Life.
Madonna Hall is an upperclassmen residence hall with co-educational floors. Room doors are secured through a card access system and a staffed security desk is located on the first floor of the building. There are ADA compliant rooms which are handicap accessible. Laundry rooms are located on each floor of the building. Study areas are located on multiple floors. Madonna Hall has a professional kitchen and a small movie theatre for resident use.
Regina Hall, originally named O'Reilly Hall, was the first student residence built at Marywood in the late 1920s. After the Motherhouse was destroyed by fire in 1971, the area that had once been the formal dining room was converted for use as a chapel. The chapel was then converted to what is now the Liguori Center. Regina Hall is still a residence hall today.
Immaculata Hall,(Closed) originally built in the 1950s and named Alumnae Hall, was later renamed Immaculata Hall to honor Sister M. Immaculata Gillespie, Marywood's first dean. Immaculata has two floors of single-room dorms for resident students.
Emmanuel Hall(Closed) provides specialty housing for 25 upperclass students in primarily 4-person rooms. The residence includes a kitchen and large common area.
Perpetual Help Hall(Closed) houses up to 14 male resident students. and includes a living room, kitchen, study area, and laundry room.
McCarty Hall,(Closed) dedicated in November 1941, was once used as a practice house for students majoring in vocational home economics. The hall burnt down and is no longer used for residents.
The Woodland Residences provide apartment-style living for sophomores, juniors, and seniors. Each unit houses between four, five or ten upperclass students.
Notable alumni
Sister Adrian Barrett, Roman Catholic nun, educator, and social worker
Colette Cassidy, primetime newsbreak presenter for MSNBC
Jean Dahlgren, American artist
Mrs. Kasha Davis, notable drag queen and reality television personality
Jean Kerr, née Bridget Jean Collins, playwright and author, Please Don't Eat the Daisies.
Michele Knotz, voice actress for anime such as Pokémon
Archbishop Joseph Kurtz, president of the U.S. Conference of Catholic Bishops
Ben Walsh and Adam McIlwee, guitarists for Tigers Jaw
Lee Namey (Master of Fine Arts, 1971), Mayor of Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania (1988-1996)
Arboretum
Marywood University was declared an arboretum in 1975 in honor of Sister Maria Laurence Maher, then Professor of Biological Sciences, and received its official designation as such in 1997. It now contains 42 species of trees (103 varieties) and a comparable collection of shrubs, ornamental grasses, and flowers.
References
External links
Official athletics website
Scranton, Pennsylvania
Universities and colleges established in 1915
Association of Catholic Colleges and Universities
Universities and colleges in Lackawanna County, Pennsylvania
Tourist attractions in Scranton, Pennsylvania
Catholic universities and colleges in Pennsylvania
1915 establishments in Pennsylvania
Former women's universities and colleges in the United States
Aviation schools in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marywood%20University |
Thomas Robinson Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Nassau, Bahamas. The largest stadium in the country, it is currently used mostly for soccer matches. The stadium currently has a capacity of 15,000 people, but has the ability to be expanded to hold 23,000 people. The stadium is also the home of the NCAA Division I College Football (American football) bowl game the Bahamas Bowl.
The stadium is named after Thomas A. "Tom" Robinson, a former track and field star who represented The Bahamas at several Olympic Games.
Bahamas national football team withdrawal from 2014 FIFA World Cup qualifiers
On 22 August 2011, Bahamas national football team was withdrawn by FIFA, from the 2014 FIFA World Cup qualifiers. Some days later, Bahamas Football Association current president Anton Sealey said the reason was the incomplete construction of the Thomas Robinson Stadium project in Nassau.
Bahamas Bowl (NCAA)
The Bahamas Bowl is a National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) sanctioned Division I college American football bowl game first played in December 2014 at Thomas Robinson Stadium. The American Athletic Conference gave Conference USA its spot in the Popeyes Bahamas Bowl and C-USA allowed BYU to take its spot in the Miami Beach Bowl for 2014.
C-USA purchased the Bahamas Bowl and will play in the bowl four times between 2014 and 2019 and possibly all six years.
The inaugural game was held on December 24, 2014, and featured the Central Michigan Chippewas (7-5) vs. the Western Kentucky Hilltoppers (7-5).
IAAF World Relays
In 2014, Thomas Robinson Stadium served as the host of the inaugural IAAF World Relays, a relay athletics meet organized by the IAAF. A new Mondo track was installed for the competition. The Stadium also hosted the 2015 and 2017 IAAF World Relays, and will host the 2024 World Athletics Relays.
References
Football venues in the Bahamas
Bahamas
Multi-purpose stadiums
Athletics (track and field) venues in the Bahamas
Sports venues completed in 1981
American football venues in North America
NCAA bowl game venues
1981 establishments in the Bahamas
2017 Commonwealth Youth Games | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20Robinson%20Stadium |
Barbados National Stadium is a multi-use outdoor stadium in Waterford, St. Michael, Barbados. Occupying a 22-acre site, it was officially opened on 23 October 1970 by Prince Charles. Situated approximately 4.3 km northeast of the capital city Bridgetown, it is located on Highway 2 at Stadium Road, Codrington, St. Michael The Stadium is currently used mostly for football matches and is the home of the Barbados national football team.
The stands are named after renowned Barbadian athletes: the Clarence Jemmott "A" Stand, the O'Donnell "Don" Norville "B" Stand, the VIP Stand, the James "Jim" Wedderburn "C" Stand, the Patricia "Patsy" Callender "D" Stand and also there is the Randolph Fields Velodrome and the Christie Smith Gate, the Reginal Haynes Gate, and the Jaycees Gate at the north side of the Stadium.
In 2006, FIFA condemned the stadium as unfit for purpose, as little improvement or repair had been made to it since it had opened in 1970. There were plans to demolish the existing stands and rebuild the ground before Barbados' 2010 World Cup qualification campaign began. In 2011 the Barbadian government estimated the cost to re-engineer the stadiums' running track at 2 million dollars. However, no date was determined as to when the funding could be sourced or the works could be carried out. In 2010 the stadium started hosting the Joseph Payne Memorial Classic, a competitive event among Barbadian secondary school students. The National Stadium's five stands were closed to the public in April 2015 because of rusty pieces of debris which had fallen from the steel supports which held the roofs. From December 2018 to January 2019, the roofs on all the five stands were removed and plans were made to demolish and rebuild the whole stadium. It will soon be constructed into a brand new stadium with new improved stands, car parks and new LED stadium lights as soon as possible.
See also
List of national stadiums
List of stadiums by capacity
Further reading
References
External links
Sports and stadiums in Barbados, Government of Barbados
Sports venues in Barbados
Football venues in Barbados
Athletics (track and field) venues in Barbados
Saint Michael, Barbados
National stadiums
1970 establishments in Barbados
Sports venues completed in 1970 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barbados%20National%20Stadium |
The Marion Jones Sports Complex, previously the National Stadium, is a multi-use stadium in Belize City, Belize. It is used mostly for football matches, track and field and cycling. The stadium holds 7,500.
It is named after former track athlete of Belizean descent, Marion Jones.
History
The National Stadium was established sometime in the 1960s as a venue for horse racing, football and cycling. The Cross Country Cycling Classic and other such events often finished with laps around the cycle track, originally sand and later asphalt.
A famous murder, that of Derek "Itza" Brown, took place on its grounds in 1992.
Eventually, the stadium was upgraded to its present condition, with planned expansion and conversion to a domed stadium expected. After her visit to Belize in 2001 at the height of her success following the Sydney Olympics, the stadium was named after Jones. Even with Jones' recent disgrace over steroid allegations there have been no plans to remove her name from the stadium.
Football venues in Belize City
Athletics (track and field) venues in Belize
Belize
Buildings and structures in Belize City | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Marion%20Jones%20Sports%20Complex |
The Database of Recorded American Music (DRAM) is an online resource providing streaming media access to about 9,000 musical works from 15 record labels, along with their liner notes, album art, and other related materials. All materials are keyword-searchable using any number of criteria, including composer, performer, date of publication, Library of Congress Classification and label of origin. DRAM facilitates the use of music in research for students and faculty across 90 campuses and gives scholarship philosophical priority in its approach to both collection development and intellectual property.
The database began as a project of New World Records, Inc. a not-for-profit recording label which has successfully maintained a very precise and distinctive mission for more than thirty years: to actively document and disseminate the work of American composers, selected solely based on artistic merit. Neglected by the commercial recording industry, whose primary motivation is to minimize risk to the profit margin, these are important compositions that would otherwise be seldom heard and narrowly accessible for listening or study. However, through DRAM, students, faculty and scholars affiliated with subscribing universities are able to access the database from their library, home or any other location, and may use the system as frequently as they wish without charge to the individual.
In 2006, the parent company of DRAM and New World Records modified its name from Recorded Anthology of American Music, Inc. (RAAM) to Anthology of Recorded Music, Inc. (ARM) and charter in order to allow works from non-American composers to be included in DRAM. Though New World Records remains exclusively dedicated to the American composer, DRAM's mission has been expanded to include content from foreign sources and composers, so long as it satisfies the curatorial requirements of the collection.
References
External links
DRAM website
Online music and lyrics databases
American music websites | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Database%20of%20Recorded%20American%20Music |
The National Assembly of the Republic of Belarus (; ) is the bicameral parliament of Belarus. The two chambers of the National Assembly are:
the Council of the Republic – the upper house
the House of Representatives – the lower house.
While each chamber has specific duties, both chambers have the ability to veto the decrees of local administrations that deviate from the Constitution of Belarus. The chambers of the National Assembly are convened to two regular sessions every year: the first session opens 2 October and its duration cannot be more than 80 days; the second session opens 2 April and does not last more than 90 days.
The House of Representatives and the Council of the Republic may be convened to an extraordinary session. Extraordinary sessions are convened under a particular agenda upon an initiative of the President or upon a request of at least two-thirds majority of the full membership of each of the chambers.
Any bill must be initially considered in the House of Representatives and then in the Council of the Republic. In practice, the National Assembly has no real power. The Belarusian political system concentrates all governing power in the hands of President Alexander Lukashenko. Notably, the National Assembly has no control over government spending; according to the Constitution, any bill that increases or decreases spending can only be considered with presidential permission. Presidential decrees have greater weight than ordinary legislation. However, since it took its current form in 1996, the National Assembly has been dominated by Lukashenko's supporters in any event, and there is no substantive opposition to presidential decisions.
Its predecessor was the Supreme Council of Belarus (until 1996).
Sources
Government of Belarus
1996 establishments in Belarus
Belarus
Belarus
Politics of Belarus | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/National%20Assembly%20of%20the%20Republic%20of%20Belarus |
Truman Bodden Sports Complex is a multi-use complex in George Town, Cayman Islands. It is named after Truman Bodden, a former Caymanian politician. The complex is separated into an outdoor, 6-lane 25-metre swimming pool, full purpose track and field and basketball/netball courts. The field surrounded by the track is used for football matches as well as other field sports.
The track-and-football stadium holds 3,000 people. In 2008, construction commenced on a 10-lane 50-metre pool and a facility that would hold 2,000 people. A multimedia centre was built into the pool facility as well as offices, conference rooms and a full gym.
The Cayman Islands national football team plays its international matches at the track-and-football stadium in the complex. Truman Bodden is used for summer football camps for international teams that are scouting for local players.
Truman Bodden Sports Complex hosted the inaugural Cayman Invitational Meeting on May 9, 2012.
See also
List of rugby league stadiums by capacity
List of rugby union stadiums by capacity
References
Football venues in the Cayman Islands
Athletics (track and field) venues in the Cayman Islands
Cayman Islands
Buildings and structures in George Town, Cayman Islands | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Truman%20Bodden%20Sports%20Complex |
Lisa Lu Yan (; born January 19, 1927) is a Chinese actress. She won the Golden Horse Awards three times in the 1970s. She is the only person who is a member of both the Hollywood Foreign Press Association and the Academy of Motion Picture Arts and Sciences.
Life
Lu was born in Beijing in 1927.
Her husband was Shelling Hwong (1922-1996). They had three children, including composer Lucia Hwong.
Career
During Lu's teen years, she was active in Chinese opera, or Kunqu, before emigrating to the United States, where, beginning in the 1950s, she enjoyed a long career in television.
During the 1958–59 television season, she had a recurring role as Miss Mandarin on the cult western show Yancy Derringer, set in New Orleans in 1868. In 1961 she had a recurring role as "Hey Girl" on the television series Have Gun – Will Travel. She made numerous other appearances on television, with guest starring roles on Bonanza, The Big Valley, The Richard Boone Show, The Virginian, Hawaiian Eye, The Man from U.N.C.L.E., The Rebel, Cheyenne, Bat Masterson, Kentucky Jones, and other shows.
In 1960, she was the female lead in the antiwar film The Mountain Road, which starred James Stewart and which was based on the novel of the same name by the China war correspondent Theodore H. White. Her film career took off in the 1970s with supporting roles in films like Demon Seed and Peter Bogdanovich's Saint Jack. During this time, she received three Best Actress Golden Horse Awards for her Chinese-language films The Arch, The Empress Dowager, and The Fourteen Amazons.
For the remainder of her career, Lu alternated between theatre and film. She may be best known by English-speaking audiences for her roles in the 1988 TV miniseries Noble House, and the films The Last Emperor (1987), The Joy Luck Club (1993), and Crazy Rich Asians (2018).
Filmography
Film
Television
Chinese opera
Lu attempted to popularise Chinese opera in the United States, touring universities and performing in English.
Recordings
The Reunion, a Peking Opera. with Lisa Lu and K.S. Chen, Lyrichord, 1972
Awards
See also
Golden Horse Award for Best Leading Actress
References
External links
her biography in Chinese
Biography at Jiao Tong Universities Alumni Foundation of America
1927 births
20th-century American actresses
21st-century American actresses
20th-century Chinese actresses
21st-century Chinese actresses
American actresses of Chinese descent
American film actresses
American television actresses
American soap opera actresses
American stage actresses
Chinese emigrants to the United States
Chinese film actresses
Living people
Singers from Beijing
Actresses from Beijing
Chinese Civil War refugees
Kunqu actresses
20th-century Chinese women singers
20th-century American women singers
20th-century American singers
Chinese–English translators | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisa%20Lu |
Windsor Park is a multi-purpose stadium in Roseau, Dominica. It serves as the country's national stadium and is used mostly for cricket and association football matches. Other uses have included the World Creole Music Festival, the Finals of the Calypso Competition and the Miss Dominica pageant.
The stadium is of International Cricket Council (ICC) international standard with facilities featuring 12,000 seats, private boxes, a media centre, practice nets, a players' personality complex, digital score boards and five cricket pitches.
History
The ground was named after Windsor, England, and is situated on the eastern side of Roseau. It was levelled out of a rubbish dump previously known as Cow Town. It was a popular venue for sports of all kinds, carnival activities, horse and donkey racing, state parades and played a central role in island life. In 1999 a national stadium was planned for the site, but after demolishing all of the existing stands and adjoining buildings, including a former school that had once been wards of the Roseau Hospital, the project was abandoned and the site was deserted until 2005.
New work on the stadium started on 23 March 2005, on the first anniversary of the establishment of diplomatic relations between the People's Republic of China and Dominica. The stadium is one of the 'Four Pillar Projects' promised by China to Dominica as a result of a memorandum of understanding during the establishment of ties between Dominica and China. The stadium is viewed as a gift at a cost of EC$33 million (US$17 million, €12 million) from the government of the People's Republic of China to the government and people of Dominica.
On 7 February 2007, work on the Windsor Park Stadium was completed. Work on the facilities to accompany the stadium resulted in the stadium not being used before May 2007, therefore missing any activities relating to Cricket World Cup 2007, held in the Caribbean. The handing-over ceremony of the stadium from Chinese officials to Dominica took place on 23 March, marking the third year of diplomatic ties with the People's Republic. On 24 October 2007 the Windsor Park National Sport Stadium was official opened with a grand ceremony. The 11th Annual World Creole Music Festival (WCMF) was held on 25–27 October as the stadium's first official activity.
Activities
On 6 February 2008, the Dominica national football team played their first 2010 World Cup qualifying match against Barbados in front of 4,200 spectators at Windsor Park.
Dominica hosted its first two One Day International cricket matches at Windsor Park Stadium, between West Indies and Bangladesh. The games were played on 26 July and 28 July in 2009.
Windsor Park hosted its first Test match between West Indies and India from 6–10 July 2011.
List of five-wicket hauls
Tests
11 five-wicket hauls in Test matches have been taken at the venue.
One Day Internationals
One five-wicket haul in One Day Internationals has been taken at the venue.
See also
List of Test cricket grounds
References
External links
CricketArchive
Football venues in Dominica
Athletics (track and field) venues in Dominica
Multi-purpose stadiums
National stadiums
Sports venues completed in 2007
Cricket grounds in Dominica
Test cricket grounds in the West Indies | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Windsor%20Park%20%28Dominica%29 |
Bant is a town in Flevoland, the Netherlands.
The term Bant may be in reference to:
Bant, the diminutive of banter
Bunt (community), an ethnic group of Karnataka, India
Bant (Omdurman), a neighbourhood in Omdurman, Sudan
Bant, one of the planes from the Shards of Alara block in Magic: The Gathering
BANT - Budget Authority Need Timeline- A lead scoring methodology developed by IBM
Lake Bant, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
Lake Bant tern colony, a breeding colony of common terns (Sterna hirundo) at Lake Bant (Banter See in German) in the port city of Wilhelmshaven, north-western German
People with the name
Chris Bant (1881–1949), Australian footballer
Horrie Bant (1882–1957), Australian footballer
Stephen Bant, MP for Liskeard, England
Bant Singh, Indian activist
Bant Singer, pen-name of Charles Shaw, Australian journalist and writer | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bant%20%28disambiguation%29 |
Quisqueya Stadium Juan Marichal is a baseball stadium in Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic. It is often used as a multi-use stadium. Football club Atlético Pantoja used the venue for their inaugural Caribbean football championship match. The Quisqueya holds about 14,469 people after its renovation. The Dominican League of Baseball Authority is in charge of its management.
It is the only stadium in the Caribbean region to host two different baseball teams, Tigres del Licey (Licey Tigers) and Leones del Escogido (Chosen One Lions). Its field dimensions are 335 feet at the foul poles, 383 feet at the power alleys, and 411 feet at center field. It was built in 1955 as Estadio Trujillo, during the Rafael Leonidas Trujillo Molina dictatorship, taking the Bobby Maduro Miami Stadium as the design base.
The stadium was renamed Estadio Quisqueya Juan Marichal, after the former Major League Baseball player and Hall of Famer Juan Marichal.
Early statistics in the Estadio Quisqueya
First hit: Alcibíades Colón (Licey) against Donald Elston (Stars) October 23, 1955
First double: Luis "Grillo" Báez (Licey), October 23, 1955
First triple: Bob Wilson (Licey), October 23, 1955
First HR: Emil Panko (Eagles), October 24, 1955
First out: Pablo Garcia (Licey) October 23, 1955
First RBI: Pablo Garcia (Licey) October 23, 1955
Rebuilding projects
In 2007 The stadium underwent a rebuilding job which expanded its number of seats and the overall look of the field. The bullpens are now enclosed and out of play. Former president Leonel Fernández also announced in 2009 that there are plans to turn the stadium and the adjacent area into a modern sports complex.
The construction of a 5-star hotel at the end of the central garden was also planned, in addition to a building that would house a casino and a sports museum. Due to the criticism received from many sectors for the way in which the remodeling was going to be financed, the Dominican State announced the suspension of the project.
For the 2010–2011 season, the bleacher area was reduced from 9,600 seats to 9,500 to expand the 'AA' boxes from 5,843 to 7,443 seats. For the 2014 - 2015 season it was renewed again and the area of the bleachers was reduced from 9,500 to 8,015 and other areas as well.
Gallery
Notable events
Serie del Caribe 1972, 1976, 1980, 1988, 1996, 2000, 2004, 2012, 2016 and 2022.
See also
Estadio Cibao
Estadio Julian Javier
Estadio Tetelo Vargas
References
Baseball venues in the Dominican Republic
Dominican Republic
Venues of the 2003 Pan American Games
Sports venues in Santo Domingo | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estadio%20Quisqueya |
Neil Sperry is a Texas gardening and horticulture expert known for his books, magazine, radio program, and annual gardening show. Sperry was born and raised in College Station, Texas where he graduated A&M Consolidated High School as Salutatorian and Student Body President. He attended Texas A&M University and earned horticulture degrees from Ohio State University. He married his wife Lynn in 1967, and they now live in McKinney, Texas.
While in high school and at Texas A&M University he owned and operated a nursery. From 1970 to 1977, he worked as a Horticulture Specialist for the Texas Cooperative Extension.
Neil Sperry hosted a radio show on Dallas station KRLD 1080-AM for over thirty years. On his February 13, 2010 broadcast, Sperry informed his audience that KRLD was exercising a 180-day opt-out clause in their contract. His broadcasting there ended in summer 2010. He now hosts a show on WBAP.
Two of Sperry's books have become favorites of Texas gardeners. His Complete Guide to Texas Gardening (published 1982 with a second edition in 1991), has been popularly known as the "boot book," in reference to its cover art. It remained a primary reference for Texas gardeners until the publication of Neil Sperry's Lone Star Gardening in 2014. This 344-page book contains comprehensive plant listings and more than 800 photographs taken by Sperry, an avid photographer.
Publications
Neil Sperry's Lone Star Gardening: Texas' Complete Planting Guide and Gardening Calendar (; copyright 2014)
Neil Sperry's Complete Guide to Texas Gardening (), "the 4th best-selling gardening hardback in American history."
1001 Most Asked Texas Gardening Questions ()
Complete Guide to Texas Gardening: Landscapes, Lawns, Fruit, and Vegetables (ASIN B000MAMD7G)
Gardening GreenBook Just For Texas (ASIN B000O7Y9ZG)
Neil Sperry's Gardening GreenBook (ASIN B000O825ZQ)
Neil Sperry's Texas Gardening (ASIN B0017GX06W)
Gardens magazine (1987-May/June 2015)
Neil Sperry's Gardens electronic magazine (July 2015- )
Radio
Texas Gardening (1980–present), a paid-programming weekly talk-show on KRLD and 60 other radio stations. On July 10, 2010, his talk show on KRLD moved to WBAP. Neil Sperry broadcast 1,573 weekends during his tenure at KRLD.
Newspaper
His weekly gardening column appears in 20 Texas newspapers.
Recognition
American Garden Communicator of the Year (American Association of Nurserymen)
American Garden Communicator of the Year (United States Land Grant Universities)
Man of the Year in Texas Agriculture (The Texas Cooperative Extension of Texas A&M)
Member, Texas Radio Hall of Fame, inducted October 18, 2003.
Volunteers of the Year, McKinney
McKinney Citizen of the Year, 2003
Collin County Living Legends, 2007
Charitable Work
Avenues Counseling Center past board president
Serenity High School advisory board
Crape Myrtle Trails of McKinney, chair
Denton State School Chair, Volunteer Services Council board
See also
KRLD (AM)
WBAP (AM)
References
External links
Neil Sperry's website
American garden writers
American male non-fiction writers
Living people
People from College Station, Texas
Ohio State University College of Food, Agricultural, and Environmental Sciences alumni
American horticulturists
Radio personalities from Dallas
Year of birth missing (living people) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neil%20Sperry |
The Kaikadi is a breed of sighthound from India. The Kaikadi are kept by the Kaikadi people, a nomadic tribe in Maharashtra and parts of Gujarat. They are a particularly small and thin breed of sighthound standing between and weighing around . They have long, thin legs and powerful thighs and hock joints, a long tapered tail, a long, thin head with prominent eyes, and erect ears. Their short coat comes in a variety of colours, but white, tan and black are predominant.
The Kaikadi are known for their exceptional speed. They usually hunt in packs for a variety of small game, particularly monkeys, rats, monitor lizards, mongoose and squirrels. The breed is suspicious of strangers, and at night they work as watchdogs for their masters.
See also
Dogs portal
List of dog breeds
List of dog breeds from India
References
Dog breeds originating in India
Sighthounds
de:Kakadu | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kaikadi%20%28dog%29 |
The Watermelon Riot occurred on the evening of April 15, 1856, in Panama City, then the capital of Panama State in the Republic of New Granada. After an American took a slice of watermelon from a street vendor and refused to pay for it, a verbal altercation ensued and then quickly escalated when shots were fired. An angry mob of locals converged on the site and began fighting with the Americans. Before order could be restored, at least fifteen Americans and two Panamanians were killed. American businesses, including the railroad station, were extensively damaged or destroyed.
Background
Throughout the 19th century, the United States’ involvement in the isthmus of Panama increased as it became the most convenient area in Central America for quick transoceanic transit. U.S. expansion westward accelerated after the Mexican–American War and the California Gold Rush, and transiting the isthmus provided faster access to the Pacific during a time crossing American mid-west and western regions was difficult and often dangerous. This led to recurrent negotiations between the governments of the Republic of New Granada, of which Panama was a part, and the U.S. The focus of these early negotiations was on rights and protections concerning the free transfer of goods and people through the isthmus. The most important treaty resulting from these negotiations was the Mallarino-Bidlack treaty of 1846 in which the Republic of New Granada recognized that the United States could intervene to guarantee the neutrality of the isthmus.
This clause, originally meant to protect against foreign control over the isthmus, was eventually interpreted to permit U.S interventions to protect American interests against any dangers resulting from local disturbances or the many civil wars that plagued New Granada. Until the construction of the Panama Canal, the United States’ main concern on the isthmus was the protection of the Panama Railway that was completed in 1855.
Prior to the completion of the railroad, the local economy was dependent on the transport of goods and passengers via riverboats and mule trains. The railroad caused severe economic dislocation for many Panamanians who were involved in this business. The loss of their livelihood caused resentment against the railroad and Americans in general.
The Riot
On the afternoon of April 15, 1856, a train arrived in Panama City carrying 1,000 California-bound passengers, including a sizable minority of women and children. The low tide at the time of their arrival prevented them from immediately boarding the US steamship, John L. Stephens, scheduled to leave for San Francisco once passengers and goods were loaded. While waiting for the tide to rise, a number of passengers explored the surrounding area of La Cienaga, a poor neighborhood that was home to freed slaves, laborers, artisans, and new immigrants.
The incident started at about 6 p.m., when a group of three or four American passengers confronted a fruit vendor, Jose Manuel Luna, near the train station. One of the passengers, possibly named Jack Oliver, took a slice of watermelon and then refused to pay for it. After a verbal exchange, Oliver pulled out a gun and Luna approached with a knife. One of the other passengers stepped in and paid Luna for the fruit. Immediately afterwards, Miguel Habrahan dashed out from a gathering crowd of locals, wrested the gun from Oliver and ran into the surrounding neighborhood. Shortly afterwards, hundreds of men armed with machetes, stones, and other weapons gathered and began fighting with the Americans who fought back with their guns and other weapons.
Initial fighting was focused around the American-owned businesses in La Cienaga. Within a few hours, the Pacific House, the Ocean Hotel, and MacAllister’s store were totally destroyed. After a brief lull in the violence, a second outburst erupted against the railroad station where most of the Americans had fled. This time, the mob was joined by the Panama City police who attempted to gain control of the situation but were then ordered by the acting provincial governor, Francisco de Fabrega, to attack the station. Most of the fatalities that night occurred once the police and mob had fought their way into the building. The railroad station was destroyed, sections of railroad tracks were torn up, and telegraph lines were severed. The violence in and around the station ended around dawn.
The US consul at Panama City reported that 15 Americans had been killed and at least fifty more were wounded in the melee. In addition, two Panamanians were killed and another thirteen wounded.
Aftermath
In the aftermath of the riot, both countries initiated investigations to determine the causes. The United States appointed Amos Corwine to prepare a report for the State Department. Corwine was a former US consul in Panama City and his brother worked for the Pacific Mail Steamship Company, which had substantial business interests in Panama. Corwine's final report blamed Miguel Habrahan who had stolen the gun from Oliver and signaled to the "native negros" to launch a premeditated attack with the connivance of Panama officials.
The investigation on behalf of Nueva Granada was led by Lino de Pombo, the minister of foreign affairs, and Florentino Gonzalez. Their report called the riot a spontaneous uprising triggered by John Oliver and exacerbated by previous abuse from the Americans. They also pointed to the presence of American filibusters in Panama City and recent job losses accompanying the completion of the railroad as contributing factors. They denied any premeditation or connivance with Panama officials.
Corwine recommended in his report "the immediate occupation of the isthmus." On September 19, a detachment of 160 soldiers took possession of the railway station. The city was calm and three days later the troops moved back without having fired a single shot. According to the US, this brief occupation was justified under Article 35 of the Mallarino-Bidlack Agreement to safeguard the neutrality and free transit of Panama. Ultimately, this proved to be just the first of several US interventions in Panama.
The United States sought reparations from New Grenada for damages and losses suffered during the riot. The resulting Cass-Herran Treaty was ratified in 1858. New Grenada acknowledged liability for its failure to maintain peace. A commission was established to review claims and some $500,000 was awarded to US citizens seeking damages.
Notes
References
History of Panama City
Military history of Panama
1856 riots
1856 in the Republic of New Granada
Watermelons | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Watermelon%20Riot |
Bahçeşehir University (BAU) is a private educational institution in Turkey, located around the Bosporus in Istanbul. The Turkish National Assembly authorized the establishment of the University of Bahçeşehir by the Bahçeşehir Uğur Education Foundation in 1998. An academic and strategic protocol was signed shortly after (February 1998) with San Diego State University in California, USA. The enrollment of the first students was made after the first placement exam (ÖSYS) in the 1999–2000 academic year. The university is one of the few universities in Turkey which has its lectures in English and therefore students applying to BAU are required to have high English proficiency.
The university consists of 8 faculties, 1 school of languages and 2 vocational schools. Four institutes provides post-graduate education. There are 17,048 registered students studying at the university. The number of undergraduate students is 10,137 and the number of graduate students is 4,716. The number of associate degree students is 1072. Some 1047 academicians lecture at the university and 506 administrative personnel work at the university. There are 4 campuses in Istanbul. Bahçeşehir University Library, which is established on a 1400-meter-square field renders service with 250,000 publications, books and electronic books. Five different café and restaurants render service on the campus. The total audience capacity of the conference hall is 1000.
Bahçeşehir University was given the "Superbrands of Turkey" award in 2007.
Bahçeşehir Uğur Educational Institutions own 35 kindergartens, 18 elementary and 47 high schools, and 177 private educational centers in Turkey.
The current rector is Prof. Dr. Şirin Karadeniz.
Rankings and international recognition
It is considered one of the best privately owned universities in Turkey and is found on the list of top 10 Universities in Turkey.
The university has 7 campuses outside of Turkey. Two in the US (Washington DC and Boston), 1 in Canada (Toronto), 1 in Italy (Rome), 1 in Germany (Berlin), 1 in Georgia (Batumi) and 1 in China (Hong Kong).
The university has more than 193 international partners and has cooperations with world-known universities like Harvard University (US).
It has six campuses in Istanbul.
Academic units
Faculty of Law
Dean: Prof. Kadir Emre Gökyayla
Faculty of Law
Faculty of Economics, Administrative and Social Sciences
Dean: Prof. İpek Altınbaşak Farina
American Culture and Literature
European Union Relations
Economics
Economics and Finance
Business Administration
Logistic Management
Political Science and International Relations
International Finance
International Trade
Sociology
Psychology
Faculty of Communication
Dean: Prof. Hasan Kemal Suher
Digital Game Design
Photography and Video
Communication Design
Public Relations
Advertising
Cinema and Television
New Media
Faculty of Architecture and Design
Dean: Prof. Murat Dündar
Architecture
Interior Architecture and Environmental Design
Industrial Product Design
Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences
Dean: Prof. Yücel Batu Salman
Computer Engineering
Biomedical Engineering
Industrial Engineering
Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Energy Systems Engineering
Civil Engineering
Molecular Biology and Genetics
Management Engineering
Mechatronics Engineering
Mathematical Engineering
Artificial Intelligence Engineering
Software Engineering
Faculty of Health Sciences
Dean: Prof. Gökay Görmeli
Audiology
Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation
Occupational Therapy
Nursing
Nutrition and Dietetics
Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation
Management of Health Institutes
Faculty of Medicine
Dean: Prof. Türker Kılıç
Basic Sciences
Clinical Medical Sciences
Surgical Sciences
Graduate School of Natural and Applied Sciences
Graduate Programs
Actuarial Science
Applied Mathematics
Architecture
Bioengineering
Computer Engineering
Cyber Security
Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Energy and Environment Management
Energy Systems Operation and Technologies
Engineering Management
Industrial Engineering
Information Technologies
Interior Design
Mechatronics Engineering
Sound Technologies
Supply Chain and Logistics Management
Urban Systems and Transportation Management
Ph.D. Programs
Computer Engineering
Electrical and Electronic Engineering
Industrial Engineering
Mathematics
History, Theory and Criticism in Design (Architecture)
Graduate School of Social Sciences
Graduate Programs
e-MBA / Distance Learning MBA
Executive MBA
Financial Economics
Entrepreneurship and Innovation Management
Global Affairs
Advanced Acting
Human Resources Management
Public Law
Clinical Psychology
Global Affairs
Global Business and Marketing
Global Politics and International Relations
MBA
Accounting and International Reporting
Game Design
Private Law
Marketing Communications and Public Relations
Marketing
Advertising and Brand Communication Management
Capital Markets and Finance
Capital Markets and Commercial Law
Film and Television
Sports Management
Strategic Marketing and Brand Management
History
Distance Education Global Politics and International Relations
Management Information Systems
Ph.D. Programs
Economics and Finance
Business Administration
Public Law
Private Law
Advertising and Public Relations
Cinema and Media Research
Political Science and International Relations
Interior Design
Vocational School
Computer Programming
Foreign Trade
Mechatronics
Maritime Transportation and Management
Private Security and Protection
English Preparatory School
Bahçeşehir University's CO-OP Program
CO-OP which stands for “Cooperative Education Program“ is an education model that integrates university and business life. CO-OP's purpose is to unify education and working life. Students continue to their education while gaining work experience with this model. There are 1500 local and 150 international partners in CO-OP.
Gallery
See also
List of universities in Turkey
References
External links
Bahçeşehir University official web site
Bahçeşehir University Library
360° virtual tour of the Beşiktaş Campus
360° virtual tour of the Galata Campus
360° virtual tour of the Şişli Campus
Study in Turkey
Educational institutions established in 1998
Private universities and colleges in Turkey
1998 establishments in Turkey | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bah%C3%A7e%C5%9Fehir%20University |
Tarsha Nicole Jones (born October 24, 1969), better known as Miss Jones, is an R&B singer and radio personality. She previously worked for WQHT in New York City and 103.9 The Beat and WUSL in Philadelphia. Miss Jones was the first black woman to host Morning Radio on a hip hop radio format. She currently hosts the morning show for classic hip-hop "94.7 The Block" WXBK serving the New York City area.
Early life
Jones graduated with honors from the Fiorello H. LaGuardia High School of Music & Art and Performing Arts, having majored in classical music. She also has a bachelor's degree in music from Syracuse University. After graduating from college, she worked several jobs until her chance meeting of Doug E. Fresh in front of Men's Walkers shoe store on 125th st where she was signed on the spot after an impromptu audition.
Career
Radio
Before taking on the role of host for WQHT's Miss Jones in the Morning show, Jones had a career as a recording artist under Tommy Boy and Motown records. She collaborated with various figures in the Hip Hop industry and earned recognition with gold and multi-platinum record achievements. In addition to her musical pursuits, Jones ventured into acting, making appearances in films like Paper Soldiers, Corrupt, The Wrecking Crew, and the Roc-A-Fella Records-inspired production Death of a Dynasty. Jones also played a role in the Star and Buc Wild morning show on Hot 97.
She wrote a best-selling autobiography, Have You Met Miss Jones?: The Life and Loves of Radio's Most Controversial Diva, in 2007, published by Random House.
On June 28, 2008, WQHT's contract with Jones expired, and she returned to the airwaves of Philadelphia. This city gave Jones with the Key to the city and several mayoral awards for her community service endeavors.
In January 2012, Jones developed and launched Jonesyradio.com, but due to Hurricane Sandy, the broadcast was short-lived.
In August 2022, Jones began hosting mornings at classic hip-hop "94.7 The Block" WXBK in Newark, New Jersey, owned and operated by American broadcasting company Audacy.
On April 22, 2023, Miss Jones announced via her Instagram account that her new comeback single entitled "Calling All Ladies" will be available for download on April 28, 2023. This is her first single in 25 years since her 1998 single "2 Way Street," which peaked at #62 on the Billboard Hot 100. Eddie F Presents Miss Jones "Calling All Ladies," produced by Lady And A Tramp (Terence Abney, Marcella Precise Brailsford), Spaceman Patterson and Eddie F, has also received airplay on her morning show at "94.7 The Block" WXBK in Newark, New Jersey and added to stations around the US.
Controversy
In 2005, Jones faced a two-week suspension due to contentious remarks she made on the air. The source of the controversy was a parody song called "Tsunami Song," penned by Rick Delgado, which targeted Asians following the 2004 Indian Ocean earthquake and tsunami. The fallout resulted in the dismissal of Delgado from the radio station, as well as Todd Lynn, who had made "offensive racial comments" during the broadcast. Jones herself was suspended following her impassioned on-air reaction to Miss Info, a Korean-American, who expressed her disapproval of the song.
Bibliography
Jones, Tarsha. Have You Met Miss Jones?: The Life and Loves of Radio's Most Controversial Diva. New York: Random House: 2007. .
Discography
Albums
Singles
As featured artist
References
20th-century African-American women singers
African-American radio personalities
American contemporary R&B singers
Singers from New York City
Syracuse University alumni
1969 births
Living people
Race-related controversies in radio
21st-century African-American people
21st-century African-American women | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miss%20Jones%20%28radio%20personality%29 |
The "Divinity School Address" is the common name for the speech Ralph Waldo Emerson gave to the graduating class of Harvard Divinity School on July 15, 1838. Its formal title is "Acquaint Thyself First Hand with Deity."
Background
Emerson presented his speech to a group of graduating divinity students, their professors, and local ministers on July 15, 1838, at Divinity Hall. At the time of Emerson's speech, Harvard was the center of academic Unitarian thought. In this address, Emerson made comments that were radical for their time. Emerson proclaimed many of the tenets of Transcendentalism against a more conventional Unitarian theology. He argued that moral intuition is a better guide to the moral sentiment than religious doctrine, and insisted upon the presence of true moral sentiment in each individual, while discounting the necessity of belief in the historical miracles of Jesus.
Emerson's Divinity School address was influenced by his life experiences. He was an ex-Unitarian minister, having resigned from his ministry at Second Church, Boston, in 1832. Emerson had developed philosophical questions about the validity of Holy Communion, also called The Lord's Supper. He believed this ritual was not consistent with the original intentions of Jesus. It is felt that this concern was only one of many philosophical differences with Unitarian beliefs of the 1830s, but it was a concern that could be readily understood by the members of his congregation. Emerson was well liked by his congregation and efforts were made to reconcile the congregation's needs with his philosophy, but Emerson resigned after a final sermon explaining his views.
Over the next few years, Emerson's views continued to drift away from the mainstream Unitarian thought. His biographer Robert Richardson describes him as having moved beyond Unitarianism but not beyond religion. Emerson became a noted lecturer and essayist. He was frequently invited as a guest minister into Unitarian pulpits.
The 1838 Divinity School graduating class was composed of seven seniors, though only six of them were in attendance for the address; Emerson was invited to speak by class members themselves. Emerson decided the time was appropriate to discuss the failures of what he called "historical Christianity". In his address, he not only rejected the notion of a personal God; he castigated the church’s ministers for suffocating the soul through lifeless preaching. Also in attendance were theologians including Andrews Norton, Henry Ware Jr., and Divinity School Dean John G. Palfrey.
Response
Emerson anticipated a scholarly discussion but was completely surprised by the negative outburst which followed. Attacks on Emerson quickly became personal. He was called an atheist, a negative comment in 1838. The chief Unitarian periodical of the time (The Christian Examiner) stated that Emerson's comments, "…so far as they are intelligible, are utterly distasteful to the instructors of the school, and to Unitarian ministers generally, by whom they are esteemed to be neither good divinity nor good sense."
The address touched off a major controversy among American Unitarian theologians, especially among those present, who saw the speech as an attack on their faith. Dissenters primarily addressed the necessity of belief in the historical truth of the Biblical miracles, but the response involved other secondary issues as well. The Unitarian establishment of New England and of the Harvard Divinity School rejected Emerson's teachings outright, with Andrews Norton of Harvard publishing especially forceful retorts, including one calling Transcendentalism "the latest form of infidelity". Henry Ware Jr., one of Emerson's mentors as a divinity student more than a decade prior, delivered the sermon "The Personality of the Deity" on September 23, 1838. Although the sermon was not a direct attack on Emerson, it was written with Emerson in mind and refuted the new tendency to think of God in terms of "divine laws" instead of as a being who plays multiple roles. The sermon was also circulated in printed form.
Notes
References
External links
1838 speeches
Works by Ralph Waldo Emerson | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Divinity%20School%20Address |
Ayatollah Mohammad Mahdi Shamseddine () was a Lebanese Twelver Shia scholar. Shahid Awwal who known as Shamseddine, sun of the faith, was ancestor of Muhammad Mahdi.
Biography
Mohammad Mehdi Shamseddine was born on 1936 in Najaf, Iraq. Allamah al-Shaykh Abdul Kareem Shamseddine was his father and studied at Najaf seminary. When Mohammad was 12 years old, his father returned to Lebanon but Muhammad Mahdi decided to stay and finish his religious studies. Grand Ayatollah Abul-Qassim Khoei and Sayed Muhsin al-Hakim were his teacher at Najaf seminary. During his remain in the Iraq, he cooperated with Musa al-Sadr, Muhammad Baqir al-Sadr, and Mohammed Baqir al-Hakim.
In 1969, he returned to Lebanon and cooperated with Musa al-Sadr for founding the Supreme Shiite Council of Lebanon. He was first vice-president. Shamseddine was elected as president of the Council in April 1994. Also, he was deputy of Musa al-Sadr organization.
Advocate of coexistence
Shamseddine was a moderate cleric and advocate of Christian-Muslim coexistence. About this matter, he stated that: "there is no Lebanon without its Christians and there is no Lebanon without its Muslims."
Anti-Israeli activities
He was supporter of military resistance against the Israeli troops in Lebanon and formed the "Total Civil Resistance Against Israel" group after Ashura 1983 to counter the Israeli invasion. He declared that Shia attacks against Israeli forces is a religious duty.
Blood bank
For avoiding practice Tatbir among people, he established a blood bank in Najaf to donate blood on Ashura day to patients who need it. Every year on 10 Muharram of the Islamic calendar, people voluntarily gave blood in the blood bank Instead of practice Tatbir. Also, Mohammad Mahdi established the Islamic University.
References
1936 births
2001 deaths
People from Najaf
Lebanese Shia clerics
Lebanese Shia Muslims
Islamic Dawa Party | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mohammad%20Mehdi%20Shamseddine |
Swinside, which is also known as Sunkenkirk and Swineshead, is a stone circle lying beside Swinside Fell, part of Black Combe in southern Cumbria, North West England. One of around 1,300 recorded stone circles in the British Isles and Brittany, it was constructed as a part of a megalithic tradition that lasted from 3,300 to 900 BC, during what archaeologists categorise as the Late Neolithic and Early Bronze Ages.
In this period, the Lake District – a mountainous area in which Swinside is located – saw particularly high levels of stone circle construction, with other notable examples including the Castlerigg stone circle and Long Meg and Her Daughters. The original purposes of these circles is still debated, although most archaeologists concur that they were built for ritual or ceremonial reasons. Constructed from local slate, the ring has a diameter of about 93 ft 8ins (26.8m), and currently contains 55 stones, although when originally constructed there probably would have been around 60. An entrance-exit was included on the monument's south-eastern side, which was defined by the inclusion of two outer portal stones.
In the Early Modern period, local folklore about the stones held that they had once been used in the construction of a church, but that the Devil continually thwarted these plans, creating the stone circle in the process. Archaeological investigation into the monument began in the early 20th century, with an excavation taking place in 1901.
Location
The stone circle at Swinside is located in the south-west corner of the Lake District in the ancient district of Millom, 5 miles north of the town of Millom (map reference ) . There is no visitors centre or car park at the site, which can only be reached by travelling on foot. To reach the site, the visitor must get to Crag Hall, where there are limited places for parking, and then walk along a rough track for 2¼ km (1¼ miles) uphill towards Swinside Farm, where the megalithic ring lies to the right of the path.
Megalithic specialist Aubrey Burl called Swinside "the loveliest of all the circles" in north-western Europe. In his study of the stone circles of Cumbria, archaeologist John Waterhouse commented that Swinside "can be compared only to Castlerigg and Long Meg and her Daughters in its visual impact; but its charm – for great charm it undoubtedly has – is greater even than theirs."
Background
During the Late Neolithic, British society underwent a series of major changes. Between 3500 and 3300 BC, prehistoric Britons ceased their continual expansion and cultivation of wilderness and instead focused on settling and farming the most agriculturally productive areas of the island: Orkney, eastern Scotland, Anglesey, the upper Thames, Wessex, Essex, Yorkshire and the river valleys of the Wash.
This period was also signalled by what archaeologists have interpreted as a change in religious beliefs across Britain. Communities stopped building the large chambered tombs for the dead, and instead, they began the construction of large wooden and stone circles. The prominent megalithic-specialist and archaeologist Aubrey Burl (2000) argued that the change from building tombs to building open air rings signalled a change in religious belief for the peoples of north-western Europe. As he noted; "There was a change from the cramped, gloomy chamber or a tomb to the unroofed, wide ring, a change from darkness to light, from the dead to the living, from the grave to the sky."
Purpose
Exactly for what purpose prehistoric Britons originally constructed stone circles is a question that continues to elude archaeologists. Despite this, many suggestions have been put forward, most of which argue that they were a form of a church.
Based on his study of those examples found at Orkney in northern Scotland, the archaeologist Colin Richards suggested that the stone and wooden circles built in Late Neolithic Britain might have represented the centre of the world, or axis mundi, for those who constructed them, an idea adopted by fellow archaeologist Aaron Watson as a possibility in his discussion of why Late Neolithic peoples constructed the great ring at Avebury in southern England.
Construction
The stones used in the construction of Swinside were porphyritic slate collected from the adjacent fells, and are of the type that was known locally as 'grey cobbles' by the 20th century. The ring has a diameter of about 93 ft 8ins (26.8m), and currently contains 55 stones, although when originally constructed there probably would have been around 60.
Swinside's builders included a "well defined" entrance, 2.1 m (7 ft) wide, at the south-eastern side, which was signalled by the placing of two large portal stones outside the circumference of the circle. Such portal openings can also be found at other stone circles in the Lake District, such as Long Meg and Her Daughters. These features are also found in stone circles in Dumfriesshire. In particular, Swinside has a number of features in common with the Girdle Stanes.
Folklore
Local folklore holds that at night, the Devil would pull down the stones of a church that was being constructed in the daytime, in the process creating the stone circle; it is for this reason that the site has also been called Sunkenkirk.
In the 1930s, it was recorded that there was a local belief that it was impossible to count all of the stones.
Antiquarian and archaeological investigation
In 1901 the Cumberland & Westmorland Antiquarian & Archaeological Society sponsored the first archaeological excavation at Swinside. Under the direction of C. W. Dymond FSA and W. G. Collingwood, the dig lasted from midday on Tuesday 26 March 1901 through to the evening of the following day. Two crosstrenches were dug, each 18 inches (45 cm) wide, covering just over one-thirteenth of the interior of the site. The excavators reported finding a lump of charcoal and a piece of decayed bone as well as some modern coins in the turf layer.
See also
Birkrigg stone circle, 12 miles to the southeast
Grey Croft stone circle, 12 miles to the northwest
References
Footnotes
Bibliography
Academic books
Academic papers and articles
External links
Swinside stone circle at Megalithia.com.
Images of and notes about Sunkenkirk at The Modern Antiquarian.
Stone circles in Cumbria
Hamlets in Cumbria
Borough of Copeland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swinside |
Stade St. Claude is a multi-use stadium in Basse-Terre, Guadeloupe. It is home to the Guadeloupe national football team. The stadium is currently used mostly for football matches by two teams, Racing Club de Basse-Terre and La Gauloise de Basse-Terre. It holds 4,000.
References
Football venues in Guadeloupe
Athletics (track and field) venues in Guadeloupe
Guadeloupe | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stade%20St.%20Claude |
Viti Levu East Maritime Indian Communal is a former electoral division of Fiji, one of 19 communal constituencies reserved for Indo-Fijians. Established by the 1997 Constitution, it came into being in 1999 and was used for the parliamentary elections of 1999, 2001, and 2006. (Of the remaining 52 seats, 27 were reserved for other ethnic communities and 25, called Open Constituencies, were elected by universal suffrage). The electorate covered eastern areas of the main island of Viti Levu.
The 2013 Constitution promulgated by the Military-backed interim government abolished all constituencies and established a form of proportional representation, with the entire country voting as a single electorate.
Election results
In the following tables, the primary vote refers to first-preference votes cast. The final vote refers to the final tally after votes for low-polling candidates have been progressively redistributed to other candidates according to pre-arranged electoral agreements (see electoral fusion), which may be customized by the voters (see instant run-off voting).
1999
2001
2006
Sources
Psephos - Adam Carr's electoral archive
Fiji Facts | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viti%20Levu%20East%20Maritime%20%28Indian%20Communal%20Constituency%2C%20Fiji%29 |
The Stade Sylvio Cator is a multi-purpose stadium in Port-au-Prince, Haiti. It is currently used mostly for association football matches, and is turfed with artificial turf.
History
The stadium bears the name of Haitian Olympic medalist and footballer Sylvio Cator. It was named after him in 1952. Before then the stadium was called the Parc Leconte. and then the Stade Paul-Magloire. It is where the Haiti national football team play its home games. It has hosted the 1973 CONCACAF Championship, where the home team were crowned as champions and the 1991 CONCACAF Women's Championship where the final match between the U.S. and Canada reached overcapacity of 30,000.
The stadium was partly destroyed by the earthquake in Haiti in January 2010, and a tent-city sprouted within its confines.
References
Football venues in Haiti
Athletics (track and field) venues in Haiti
Buildings and structures in Port-au-Prince
Haiti
Multi-purpose stadiums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stade%20Sylvio%20Cator |
Lazbuddie ( ) is an unincorporated community in Parmer County, Texas, United States. Named for local business owner Luther "Laz" Green, and his partner, Andrew "Buddie" Sherley, the community grew up around the store they opened in 1924. Later, a post office and school were established. The town has two cotton gins, a grain elevator, a hardware store, and several churches. The community's focal point is the Lazbuddie Independent School District which educates children from the surrounding rural area. Six-man football is played at Lazbuddie High School. On May 10, 1991, three tornadoes hit the ground in Lazbuddie and the event was caught on camera by farmers.
External links
Lazbuddie Independent School District
Cemeteries of Texas - Lazbuddie Cemetery
Unincorporated communities in Parmer County, Texas
Unincorporated communities in Texas
Populated places established in 1924
1924 establishments in Texas | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazbuddie%2C%20Texas |
WSWB (channel 38) is a television station licensed to Scranton, Pennsylvania, United States, serving as the CW affiliate for Northeastern Pennsylvania. It is owned by MPS Media, which maintains a local marketing agreement (LMA) with New Age Media, owner of Hazleton-licensed Fox affiliate and company flagship WOLF-TV (channel 56) and Williamsport-licensed MyNetworkTV affiliate WQMY (channel 53), for the provision of certain services. All three stations, in turn, are operated under a master service agreement by the Sinclair Broadcast Group. The stations share studios on PA 315 in the Fox Hill section of Plains Township; WSWB's transmitter is located on Bald Mountain, northwest of Scranton and I-476. However, newscasts have originated from the facilities of sister station and CBS affiliate WSBT-TV in South Bend, Indiana since January 2017.
Although WSWB transmits a digital signal of its own, reception is spotty in much of the southern portion of the market since its transmitter is located farther north than the market's other stations. Therefore, the station is simulcast in standard definition on WOLF-TV's second digital subchannel (56.2) from its transmitter on Penobscot Knob near Mountain Top. WSWB also operates a digital replacement translator on UHF channel 36 that is licensed to Waymart with a transmitter in Forest City. It exists because wind turbines run by NextEra Energy Resources at the Waymart Wind Farm interfere with the transmission of full-power television signals.
In addition to its own digital signal, WSWB is simulcast in standard definition on WQMY's third digital subchannel (UHF channel 29.5 or virtual channel 53.3 via PSIP) from a transmitter on Bald Eagle Mountain.
History
Early history
The station first signed-on June 3, 1985, with the calls WOLF-TV, locally owned by Scranton TV Partners. It was the first independent outlet in Northeastern Pennsylvania, and the market's first new commercial station in 32 years. A few days later, it added WWLF-TV in Hazleton as a full-time satellite for the southern portion of the market. After a little more than a year as an Independent, WOLF-TV became a charter affiliate of Fox on October 9, 1986. Two years later, WILF-TV in Williamsport was launched as a second full-time satellite to improve coverage in the western and northern parts of the market, including portions of the Pennsylvania side of the adjacent Binghamton and Elmira markets (which would not receive local Fox affiliates until April 1996 and mid-1997, respectively).
In 1993, Scranton TV Partners merged with Pegasus Communications. The latter immediately sought permission to move either the analog UHF channel 38 or channel 56 transmitters to the Northeastern Pennsylvania tower farm on Penobscot Knob. Ultimately, Pegasus was allowed to move the WWLF transmitter. On November 1, 1998, Pegasus activated the new analog channel 56 transmitter and moved the WOLF-TV call letters there. Meanwhile, channel 38 became a WB affiliate under new calls WSWB, succeeding WYLN-LP as the network's over the air affiliate in the area. This call sign was chosen because they could have meant "Scranton's WB" for its affiliation, or the area it serves, Scranton–Wilkes-Barre. Originally, channel 38 was given the WSWB calls in 1981, but they were changed to WOLF-TV before the station went on-the-air in 1985. WILF in Williamsport remained as a full-time satellite.
At the time of the switch, WSWB also picked up a secondary affiliation with UPN. It showed select programming from the network on Saturday nights (since there were no shows from The WB) without the branding. From 2003 to 2006, the station aired America's Next Top Model at 8:00 p.m., followed at 9:00 p.m. by WWE Friday Night SmackDown. Whenever Top Model was in repeats, WSWB would air Veronica Mars instead. All UPN programming in pattern was also available on cable in the area via WWOR-TV (which was receivable over-the-air in extreme eastern portions of the market, as well as in Pike County, which is considered part of the New York City DMA), WPSG from Philadelphia, and WLYH-TV from Harrisburg.
As a CW affiliate
On January 24, 2006, the respective parent companies of UPN and The WB, CBS Corporation and the Warner Bros. Entertainment division of Time Warner, announced that they would dissolve the two networks to create The CW Television Network, a joint venture between the two media companies that initially featured programs from its two predecessor networks as well as new series specifically produced for The CW. Subsequently, on February 22, 2006, News Corporation announced the launch of MyNetworkTV, a network operated by Fox Television Stations and its syndication division Twentieth Television that was created to primarily to provide network programming to UPN and WB stations that The CW decided against affiliating based on their local viewership standing in comparison to the outlet that The CW ultimately chose as its charter outlets, giving these stations another option besides converting to a general entertainment independent format.
On May 1, 2006, in an announcement by the network, WSWB was named as The CW's Scranton/Wilkes-Barre affiliate; it was the obvious choice since it already carried both WB and UPN programming. At the same time, it was announced that WILF would sever the electronic umbilical cord with WSWB and become the area's charter MyNetworkTV affiliate. Since WILF's signal was more or less unviewable in the Scranton/Wilkes-Barre area, it was also announced that it would be added to a new third digital subchannel of WOLF-TV. WILF changed its call letters to the current WQMY on July 7 to reflect the upcoming affiliation change. WQMY became a charter affiliate of MyNetworkTV when that network launched on September 5, at which time, the station ceased operating as a full-time WSWB satellite and introduced a separate programming lineup and branding. WSWB became a CW charter affiliate when that network launched two weeks later on September 18.
On September 25, 2013, New Age Media announced that it would sell most of its stations, including WOLF-TV and WQMY, to the Sinclair Broadcast Group. Concurrently, MPS Media planned to sell WSWB to Cunningham Broadcasting; the station would continue to be operated by WOLF-TV. On October 31, 2014, MPS Media requested the dismissal of its application to sell WSWB; the next day, Sinclair purchased the non-license assets of the stations it planned to buy from New Age Media and began operating them through a master service agreement.
On May 8, 2017, Sinclair entered into an agreement to acquire Chicago-based Tribune Media – which, through a shared services agreement with owner Dreamcatcher Broadcasting, has operated WNEP-TV since December 2013 – for $3.9 billion, plus the assumption of $2.7 billion in debt held by Tribune. The complicated SSA relationships that Sinclair has in the Scranton–Wilkes–Barre market with WOLF, WSWB and WQMY – the former two of which are currently the only legal television duopoly in the market – created an ownership entanglement, as WNEP and WOLF rank among the market's four highest-rated stations, and the market has too few independently owned full-power stations to permit a second legal duopoly in any event. (Sinclair CEO Christopher Ripley cited Scranton–Wilkes–Barre as one of three markets, out of fourteen where ownership conflicts exist between the two groups, where the proposed acquisition would likely result in divestitures). To alleviate some of the regulatory issues that the deal incurred by selling certain stations to both independent and affiliated third-party companies, on April 24, 2018, Sinclair announced that it would sell the non-license assets of WOLF-TV, WQMY, and WSWB and the full assets of eight other stations – Sinclair-operated KOKH-TV in Oklahoma City, WRLH-TV in Richmond, KDSM-TV in Des Moines and WXLV-TV in Greensboro/Winston-Salem/High Point, and Tribune-owned WPMT in Harrisburg and WXMI in Grand Rapids – to Standard Media Group (an independent broadcast holding company formed by private equity firm Standard General to assume ownership of and absolve ownership conflicts involving the aforementioned stations) for $441.1 million. Sinclair concurrently exercised its option to buy WOLF-TV and WQMY to allow Standard Media Group – the latter of which, for regulatory purposes, will continue to be licensed as a satellite of WOLF-TV – to acquire the stations outright; Standard will concurrently acquire the WOLF-TV license, which is permitted under Federal Communications Commission (FCC) ownership regulations as WSWB is not ranked as one of the top-four stations in the market.
Three weeks after the FCC's July 18 vote to have the deal reviewed by an administrative law judge amid "serious concerns" about Sinclair's forthrightness in its applications to sell certain conflict properties, on August 9, 2018, Tribune announced it would terminate the Sinclair deal, intending to seek other M&A opportunities. Tribune also filed a breach of contract lawsuit in the Delaware Chancery Court, alleging that Sinclair engaged in protracted negotiations with the FCC and the DOJ over regulatory issues, refused to sell stations in markets where it already had properties, and proposed divestitures to parties with ties to Sinclair executive chair David D. Smith that were rejected or highly subject to rejection to maintain control over stations it was required to sell. The termination of the Sinclair sale agreement places uncertainty for the future of Standard Media's purchases of WOLF/WQMY/WSWB and the other four Tribune- and Sinclair-operated stations included in that deal, which were predicated on the closure of the Sinclair–Tribune merger.
On July 28, 2021, the FCC issued a Forfeiture Order stemming from a lawsuit against MPS Media. The lawsuit, filed by AT&T, alleged that MPS Media failed to negotiate for retransmission consent in good faith for the stations. Owners of other Sinclair-managed stations, such as Deerfield Media, were also named in the lawsuit. MPS was ordered to pay a fine of $512,288.
Newscasts
Fox required most of its affiliates to begin offering local news in 1990 in order to help the fledgling network. To satisfy this, what was then WOLF-TV entered into a news share agreement with ABC affiliate WNEP-TV in 1991. This resulted in a nightly prime time newscast known as Newswatch 16 at 10 on Fox 38. It originated from WNEP's facilities on Montage Mountain Road in Moosic. When the Fox affiliation moved to the new WOLF-TV (previously WWLF), the newscasts did as well. The show then became known as Fox 56 News at 10 with a secondary title of Newswatch 16 at 10 on Fox 56. In November 2009, it was announced that WNEP would move its production of the news at 10 to a second digital subchannel called "WNEP 2" that recently gained Retro Television Network (RTV) affiliation.
That happened December 31, 2009, after which WOLF-TV and NBC affiliate WBRE-TV entered into an agreement. Taking over production of nightly prime time newscasts on WOLF-TV starting New Year's Day 2010, WBRE expanded the show to an hour each night and changed the title to Fox 56 News First at 10. It now originates from a secondary set at WBRE's studios on South Franklin Street in Downtown Wilkes-Barre. As was the case with the WNEP-produced broadcasts, if there are network obligations or overruns of Fox programming that prevent WOLF-TV from showing the current program, it is aired on WSWB.
Technical information
Subchannels
The station's digital signal is multiplexed:
WSWB launched the MeTV network on May 3, 2011, on sub channel 38.2.
WSWB was among the launch group of Comet affiliates. The network launched October 31, 2015.
Translator
Analog-to-digital conversion
WSWB shut down its analog signal, over UHF channel 38, on February 17, 2009, the original target date on which full-power television stations in the United States were to transition from analog to digital broadcasts under federal mandate (which was later pushed back to June 12, 2009). The station's digital signal remained on its pre-transition UHF channel 31. Through the use of PSIP, digital television receivers display the station's virtual channel as its former UHF analog channel 38.
References
External links
Official website
The CW affiliates
MeTV affiliates
Comet (TV network) affiliates
Stadium (sports network) affiliates
Television channels and stations established in 1985
1985 establishments in Pennsylvania
SWB
Sinclair Broadcast Group | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/WSWB |
Stade Pierre-Aliker (until 2007 Stade d'Honneur de Dillon), is a multi-purpose stadium in Fort-de-France, Martinique. It is currently used mostly for football matches, as the home of the Club Colonial and the Martinique national football team. The stadium can hold 18,000 people.
References
Football venues in Martinique
Fort-de-France
Athletics (track and field) venues in Martinique
Martinique
Multi-purpose stadiums in France | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stade%20Pierre-Aliker |
A gastald (Latin gastaldus or castaldus; Italian gastaldo or guastaldo) was a Lombard official in charge of some portion of the royal demesne (a gastaldate, gastaldia or castaldia) with civil, martial, and judicial powers.
By the Edictum Rothari of 643, the gastalds were given the civil authority in the cities and the reeves the like authority in the countryside. Under the Lombard dominion, territories were delimited by giudicati or "judgments" among the several gastalds. From the immediate region of Parma and of Piacenza, numerous such giudicati survive, which cover the range of Lombard rule. The documents follow the same formalized structure, of which one between the gastald Daghiberto and the gastald Immo was adjudged by Adaloald, at Ticino, November 615.
As paid officials with direct allegiance to the roving Lombard kings, whose seat was nominally at Pavia, the gastalds were often in conflict with the dukes, the great Lombard territorial magnates who pursued policies of autonomy. By the 9th century, the powers of the gastalds had devolved to largely administrative ones. The title gradually disappeared over the final century of Lombard power, surviving only in a few instances, especially in the Mezzogiorno, where ducal Lombard power continued for another two hundred years, for example at Capua, which was included in the Lombard Duchy of Benevento and where the count's title remained gastald as late as the 9th century, when Landulf began strenuously to establish his independence. When Benevento was divided in 851, following a decade of civil war, it was done by divying up the gastaldates, sixteen to the new Principality of Salerno, sixteen to remain with Benevento and one (Acerenza) to be divided between them.
About 1200, in his Magna derivationes, Uguccione of Pisa included gastradeus [sic., a copyist's slip for gastaldeus] given the meaning "rector loci", the "administrator of a place".
In Milan, the institution of gastaldi endured within the cathedral chapter until the close of the Middle Ages. In the Arsenal of Venice, the gastaldi endured to the arrival of Napoleon, in the form of confraternities of craftsmen in the shipyards; the sign of the carpenters' guild, painted under the direction of Misier Zacharia d'Antonio in 1517 and renewed in 1753, under the gastaldia of Francesco Zanotto gastaldo and company, is in the Museum of Venetian History, Venice.
In Old High German, gastaldus came to denote a steward. Castaldy appears in Middle English with an abstract meaning of "stewardship"; the specific function, however, remained foreign to Anglo-Saxon or Norman institutions.
Notes
References
History of Lombardy | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gastald |
Blakes Estate Stadium, is a soccer stadium in Montserrat, near the village of Look Out. The stadium holds 1,000. On 2 April 2002, the officially named MFA Inc. Complex was completed using FIFA funds.
Tenants
Blakes Estate Stadium has several tenants and many of the teams in the Montserrat Championship use it for their league games. Montserrat National Team play their international fixtures there as well, where the team had never lost a game until a last minute defeat to El Salvador in September 2018. Other tenants include Ideal SC, Royal Montserrat Police Force, etc.
Football venues in Montserrat
Brades | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blakes%20Estate%20Stadium |
The Cleveland Baseball Federation (CBF) is a non-profit charity that helps to fund sandlot baseball programs for inner city youth in Cleveland, Ohio. Founded in 1936, the CBF estimates that the program has served more than 60,000 inner city children.
The CBF works with Cleveland's Recreation Department by helping to administer the department's sandlot baseball program.
Charitable donations and corporate sponsorships allows CBF to fully fund programs for over 7,000 Cleveland youths, on 354 teams in 2005. The CBF also provides funding for 175 adult teams serving 3,818 adults in the greater Cleveland area. In addition to baseball programs the CBF also provides:
Health insurance to each child enrolled in its programs
Educational scholarships
Training for coaches and umpires serving the teams and the leagues
Personal development programs for participants to help break the cycle of poverty in Cleveland
Registration for the program begins in April of each year and concludes with Championship games in August.
The CBF also enjoys a close working relationship with the Cleveland Indians baseball club, and players frequently interact with CBF teams and help with appearances at fund raisers for the organization.
External links
The Cleveland Baseball Federation
Organizations based in Cleveland
Baseball in Cleveland
Sports organizations established in 1936
1936 establishments in Ohio | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cleveland%20Baseball%20Federation |
Henry Ware Jr. (April 21, 1794 – September 22, 1843) was an influential Unitarian theologian, early member of the faculty of Harvard Divinity School, and first president of the Harvard Musical Association. He was a mentor of Ralph Waldo Emerson when Emerson studied for the ministry in the 1820s.
The son of Henry Ware, he was born in Hingham, Massachusetts. After attending Phillips Academy in Andover, Massachusetts and completing his Harvard A.B. in 1812, Ware was minister of the Unitarian Second Church in Boston beginning in 1817. In 1830 Ware left the Second Church's pulpit, with Emerson replacing him there, and moved to Harvard Divinity School. In 1831 he published On the Formation of the Christian Character, a manual on morality and his best-known work. After Emerson's "Divinity School Address" in 1838, whose radical and unorthodox ideas greatly displeased many of the University faculty, Ware became more distant from his former student and friend, delivering the sermon "The Personality of the Deity" as a rebuttal of Emerson's views in the same year.
In 1846 a biographical memoir of Henry Ware Jr. was published by his brother John Ware.
References
External links
Ware biography from The Unitarians and the Universalists
"The Personality of the Deity" from the AUC website.
1794 births
1843 deaths
People from Hingham, Massachusetts
Phillips Academy alumni
Harvard University alumni
Harvard Divinity School faculty
American Unitarians
American Unitarian clergy
19th-century American clergy | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Henry%20Ware%20Jr. |
Stadion Ergilio Hato (, also in Papiamento: Sentro Deportivo Korsou SDK) is a multi-purpose stadium in Willemstad, Curaçao. It is also known as Sentro Deportivo Korsou (SDK) and is the island's largest stadium, with a capacity of 10,000 spectators. It is named after Ergilio Hato, a legendary football player from the island.
The stadium is currently used mostly for football matches, also being the home ground of the Curaçao national football team, successor of the Netherlands Antilles national football team. The clubs using the ground are CRKSV Jong Holland, CRKSV Jong Colombia and RKSV Centro Dominguito.
Originally the stadium was used as the home of the Netherlands Antilles National Team, which was disbanded when this entity disappeared in 2010.
The stadium underwent a series of renovations in 2013 to improve its infrastructure and make it more suitable for the international competitions it usually hosts. It hosted CONCACAF Nations League matches in 2019 and 2020.
References
Football venues in Curaçao
Curacao
Multi-purpose stadiums
Athletics (track and field) venues in Curaçao
Buildings and structures in Willemstad | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ergilio%20Hato%20Stadium |
Estadio Nacional de Panama, also called the Rod Carew National Stadium, is a multi-purpose stadium in Panama City, Panama. The stadium has a capacity of 27,000 and was built in 1999.
It is currently used mostly for baseball matches from the national league, and Panama national baseball team matches.
It has also hosted many international baseball competitions as well as many concerts and different types of events.
In 2012, Qualifiers were held at the stadium for the 2013 World Baseball Classic, featuring the national baseball teams of Panama, Brazil, Colombia, and Nicaragua
The stadium is named after Rod Carew, a Hall-of-Fame Panamanian-American baseball player.
Since 2003, there have been many plans and talks of expanding the stadium's capacity to nearly 45,000.
Some of the artists that have performed in the Estadio Nacional de Panama include Backstreet Boys, Christina Aguilera, Sting, Enrique Iglesias, Soda Stereo, and Ruben Blades.
The New York Yankees and Miami Marlins scheduled two spring training exhibition games at the ballpark on March 15 and March 16, 2014.
The 2019 Caribbean Series was played at the stadium, coinciding with Panama's first appearance in the tournament since 1960.
References
Baseball venues in Panama
Panama
Sports venues completed in 1999
Multi-purpose stadiums in Panama
Sports venues in Panama City
1999 establishments in Panama | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estadio%20Nacional%20de%20Panam%C3%A1 |
The Sirius Mystery is a book written by Robert K. G. Temple (born Robert Kyle Grenville Temple in 1945) supporting the pseudoscientific ancient astronauts hypothesis that intelligent extraterrestrial beings visited the Earth and made contact with humans in antiquity and prehistoric times. The book was first published by St. Martin's Press in 1976. Its second, 1998, edition is called The Sirius Mystery: New Scientific Evidence of Alien Contact 5,000 Years Ago.
Overview
The book presents the hypothesis that the Dogon people of Mali, in West Africa, preserve a tradition of contact with intelligent extraterrestrial beings from the Sirius star system. These beings, who are hypothesized to have taught the arts of civilization to humans, are claimed in the book to have originated the systems of the Pharaohs of Egypt, the mythology of Greek civilization, and the Epic of Gilgamesh, among other things. Temple's theory is heavily based on his interpretation of the work of ethnographers Marcel Griaule and Germaine Dieterlen. A substantial bulk of The Sirius Mystery consists of comparative linguistic and mythological scholarship, pointing out resemblances among Dogon, Yoruba, Egyptian and Sumerian beliefs and symbols. Greek and Arab myths and words are considered to a lesser extent.
The "mystery" that is central to the book is how the Dogon allegedly acquired knowledge of Sirius B, the white dwarf companion star of Sirius A, invisible to the naked eye. Sirius B was first observed in 1862, and had been predicted in 1844 on dynamic grounds. Temple considers alternative possibilities other than alien contact, such as a very ancient, advanced, and lost civilization that was behind the sudden appearance of advanced civilization in both Egypt and Sumer. Temple does not argue that contact with an advanced civilization is the only way that the Dogon could have obtained what he understood to be accurate information on Sirius B, but he indicates that he personally finds the theory of alien contact more convincing.
However, doubts have been raised about the reliability of Griaule and Dieterlen's work on which The Sirius Mystery is based, and alternative explanations have been proposed. Noah Brosch explained in his book Sirius Matters that cultural transfer could have taken place between 19th century French astronomers and Dogon tribe members during the observations of the solar eclipse on 16 April 1893. The expedition, led by Henri Deslandres, stayed in the field for five weeks, and it is reasonable that during this time many contacts with the locals took place, and that relatively modern astronomical knowledge was then transferred. The claims about the Dogons' astronomical knowledge have also been challenged. For instance, the anthropologist Walter Van Beek, who studied the Dogon after Griaule and Dieterlen, found no evidence that the Dogon considered Sirius to be a double star and/or that astronomy was particularly important in their belief system. Others, such as Marcel Griaule's daughter Geneviève Calame-Griaule and an anthropologist, Luc de Heusch, came to criticize Van Beek's dismissal as "political" and riddled with "unchecked speculation", demonstrating a general ignorance of Dogon esoteric tradition.
Reviews of claims
Ian Ridpath
In 1978, astronomer Ian Ridpath observes, in an article in the Skeptical Inquirer, "The whole Dogon legend of Sirius and its companions are riddled with ambiguities, contradictions, and downright errors, at least if we try to interpret it literally." Ridpath states that while the information that the Dogon probably gained from Europeans to some extent resembles the facts about Sirius, the presumed original Dogon knowledge of the star is very far from the facts. Ridpath concludes that any information that resembles the facts about Sirius was probably ascertained by way of cultural contamination. More recent research suggests that the contaminator was Griaule himself.
Carl Sagan
Astronomer Carl Sagan touched upon the issue in his book Broca's Brain (1979), seeing problems in Temple's hypothesis. As an example, Sagan believes that because the Dogon seem to have no knowledge of another planet beyond Saturn which has rings, their knowledge is therefore more likely to have come from European, and not extraterrestrial, sources.
James Oberg
Journalist and skeptic James Oberg collected claims concerning Dogon mythology in his 1982 book UFOs and Outer Space Mysteries. According to Oberg, the Dogons' astronomical information resembled the knowledge and speculations of late 1920s Europe, suggesting that the Dogon were influenced by European visitors before their mythology was recorded in the 1930s. Oberg also says that the Dogon were not an isolated group and that a member might have acquired knowledge about Sirius B while abroad and later passed it on to the tribe. Oberg comments that "there is no archaeological evidence that the specific references to the twin hidden companions of Sirius are anywhere near that old. Furthermore, most Dogon symbology already has multiple levels of meaning; the sketches used to illustrate the Sirius secrets are also used in puberty ceremonies" while pointing out that the evidence for it being recently acquired remains circumstantial.
Jason Colavito
Skeptic Jason Colavito counts The Sirius Mystery among the body of works in a tradition of ancient astronaut ideas he believes were ultimately inspired by H. P. Lovecraft's Cthulhu Mythos.
Unproven claims
One unproven aspect of the reported Dogon knowledge of the Sirius system is the assertion that the Dogon knew of another star in the Sirius system, Emme Ya, or "larger than Sirius B but lighter and dim in magnitude." A dynamical study published in 1995, based on anomalous perturbations of Sirius B (suggestive of the star being gravitationally influenced by another body) concluded that the presence of a third star orbiting Sirius could not be ruled out. An apparent "third star" observed in the 1920s is now confirmed as a background object, something previously suggested by Holberg in 2007:
The former study also concluded that while a triple system for Sirius could not be fully eliminated, the probability was low.
Temple's book and the debates that followed its release publicized the existence of the Dogon tribe among many New Age followers and proponents of ancient astronaut theories. Speculation about the Dogon on numerous websites is now mingled with fact, leading to wide misunderstanding among the public about Dogon mythology. Temple, however, has stated in the reprint of The Sirius Mystery (1999) that he in no way supports what he refers to as "sinister cults" that have been inspired by his book, a reference to the Typhonian OTO.
He also used the second edition of his book to complain about what he said was "the extreme and virulent hostility towards me by certain security agencies, most notably the American ones."
See also
List of alleged extraterrestrial beings
Murry Hope
Nommo
Pseudoarchaeology
References
External links
The Sirius Mystery: how do the Dogon people of Mali know about Sirius B?
1976 non-fiction books
American non-fiction books
Ancient astronaut speculation
Books about extraterrestrial life
Books about Dogon religion
Books by Robert K. G. Temple
Pseudohistory
St. Martin's Press books | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Sirius%20Mystery |
The Arnos Vale Stadium is a cricket ground in Arnos Vale, near Kingstown, St. Vincent. The multi-use ground – part of Arnos Vale Sports Complex – is situated next to and to the west of the Arnos Vale Playing Field.
The stadium holds the capacity to accommodate 18,000 people and is mostly used for football and cricket matches.
History
The stadium hosted its first ever international game on 4 February 1981. The match was an ODI between West Indies and England and was a close encounter which the hosts won by two runs.
The ground's maiden Test match came in 1997, when the West Indies played Sri Lanka to a draw, with Sri Lanka finishing on 233–8 chasing a target of 269 runs. The second Test held at the ground, in 2009, saw Bangladesh record their maiden Test victory over the West Indies by 95 runs. At the time the West Indies were without many of their leading players due to a dispute with the West Indies Cricket Board, so seven Test debutantes featured in the West Indian team.
Ahead of the 2007 Cricket World Cup, hosted by the West Indies, Arnos Vale Sports Complex was renovated over a period of 18 months. The ground's playing area was enlarged, and on the eastern side of the ground a new stand, media centre, operations centre, and pavilion were constructed.
International centuries
There have been four Test and two ODI centuries scored at the venue.
Test centuries
ODI centuries
List of five-wicket hauls
There have been 12 five-wicket hauls in international cricket on the ground.
Test matches
One Day Internationals
See also
List of Test cricket grounds
Notes
References
External links
Football venues in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Cricket grounds in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Athletics (track and field) venues in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Multi-purpose stadiums in Saint Vincent and the Grenadines
Test cricket grounds in the West Indies | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arnos%20Vale%20Stadium |
Alexey Vyacheslavovich Brodovitch (also Brodovich; , ; 1898 – April 15, 1971) was a Russian-born American photographer, designer and instructor who is most famous for his art direction of fashion magazine Harper's Bazaar from 1934 to 1958.
Early life in Russia
Alexey Brodovitch was born in , Russian Empire (now Belarus) to a wealthy family in 1898. His father, Cheslau or Vyacheslav Brodovitch, was a respected physician, psychiatrist and huntsman. His mother was an amateur painter. During the Russo-Japanese War, his family moved to Moscow, where his father worked in a hospital for Japanese prisoners. Alexey was sent to study at the Prince Tenisheff School, a prestigious institution in Saint Petersburg, with the intentions of eventually enrolling in the Imperial Art Academy. He had no formal training in art through his childhood, but often sketched noble profiles in the audience at concerts in the city.
Military career
At the start of World War I at the young age of 16, Brodovitch abandoned his dream of entering the Imperial Art Academy and ran away from home to join the Russian army. Not long after, his father had him brought home and hired a private tutor to help Alexey finish school. Upon graduating, Brodovitch ran away again on several occasions. He recalls:
After a week or so I ran away to the front line to kill Germans. But my father, now a military general at the head of a Red Cross hospital train, had plenty of influence, and I was soon brought back to him. On the train back I was employed as a nurses' aid. In East Prussia I ran away again and joined a nearby regiment. Once again I was caught, and this time I was sent to an officers' school, the Corps de Pages.
During the Russian Civil War, Brodovitch served with the White Army. While fighting against the Bolsheviks in Odessa, he was badly wounded and was hospitalized for a time in Kislovodsk, in the Caucasus. In 1918, the town was surrounded by the Bolsheviks, forcing Brodovitch into exile. It was during this retreat to the south through Caucasus and Turkey that he met his future wife, Nina.
By good fortune, Alexey's brother Nicolas turned out to be one of the soldiers guarding the refugees in Novorossiysk. Not long after, their father, who had been imprisoned in Saint Petersburg by the Bolsheviks, managed to flee to Novorossiysk in hopes of finding his family. The three were once again together, and arranged for Brodovitch's mother and other relations to join them in Constantinople. Finally reunited, the Brodovitchs made their way to France.
Influential years in Paris
An émigré
Upon arriving in Paris, Brodovitch wanted to be a painter. A Russian white émigré in Paris, Brodovitch found himself poor and having to work for the first time in his life. He took a job painting houses, while his wife Nina worked as a seamstress. They lived in a cheap, small apartment in the area of Montparnasse, among Russian artists who had settled in Paris at the end of the 19th century. This group of artists, including Archipenko, Chagall, and Nathan Altman, would meet at the inexpensive Académie Vassilieff, which offered painting and sculpting classes without an instructor. His connections with these young Russian artists led to more artistic work as a painter of backdrops for Diaghilev's Ballets Russes.
Paris was a cosmopolitan city through which many artists and art movements passed. Brodovitch was exposed to everything from Dadaism from Zurich and Berlin, Suprematism and Constructivism from Moscow, Bauhaus design from Germany, Futurism from Italy, De Stijl from the Netherlands, and the native strains of Cubism, Fauvism, Purism and Surrealism. Among these various artistic influences, Brodovitch found his beginnings as a designer.
Move to graphic arts
On nights and weekends away from the Ballets Russes, Brodovitch began sketching designs for textiles, china, and jewelry. By the time his work for the ballet had finished, he had already compiled an extensive portfolio of these side projects and was selling his designs to fashionable shops. He worked part-time doing layouts for Cahiers d'Art, an important art journal, and Arts et Métiers Graphiques, an influential design magazine. While working on layouts, Brodovitch was responsible for fitting together type, photographs, and illustrations on the pages of the magazines. He had the rare opportunity of having influence over the look of the magazine as there was no art director.
He gained public recognition for his work in the commercial arts by winning first prize in a poster competition for an artists' soiree called Le Bal Banal on March 24, 1924. The poster was exhibited on walls all over Montparnasse along with a drawing by Picasso, who took second place. Brodovitch remained proud of this poster throughout his career, always keeping a copy of it pinned to his studio wall. The graphic, light-to-dark inversion of its mask shape, type, and background suggest not only the process of photography, but also represents the process of trading one's identity for another when wearing a mask. It is the oldest surviving work by Brodovitch. He continued to gain recognition as an applied artist due to his success at the Paris International Exhibit of the Decorative Arts in 1925. He received five medals: three gold medals for kiosk design and jewelry, two silver medals for fabrics, and the top award for the Beck Fils pavilion "Amour de l'Art."
After these wins, Brodovitch's career as an applied artist took off. In 1928 he was hired by Athélia, the design studio of the Parisian department store Aux Trois Quartiers, to design and illustrate catalogues and advertisements for their luxury men's boutique, Madelios. Brodovitch was aware that many of the customers were fairly traditional in their tastes, so he balanced out his modern designs with classical Greek references.
Although employed full-time by Athélia, Brodovitch offered his service as a freelance designer on the side. He started his own studio, L'Atelier A.B., where he produced posters for various clients, including Union Radio Paris and the Cunard shipping company. He was also commissioned by the Parisian publishing house La Pléiade to illustrate three books: Nouvelles by Alexander Pushkin, Contes Fantastiques by Fyodor Dostoyevsky, and Monsieur de Bougrelon by Jean Lorrain.
Brodovitch embraced technical developments from the spheres of industrial design, photography, and contemporary painting. His broad curiosity began to assimilate the most interesting aspects of all these fields into his work, eventually making them his own. He later instilled this same curiosity in his students, encouraging them to use new techniques like the airbrush, industrial lacquers, flexible steel needles, and surgical knives.
By the age of 32, Brodovitch had dabbled in producing posters, china, jewelry, textiles, advertisements, and paintings. Eventually specializing in advertising and graphic design, he had become one of the most respected designers of commercial art in Paris. By 1930, however, Paris had lost its luster for Brodovitch. The once-flourishing spirit of adventure and experimentation was fading away. Although he was offered many design positions, Brodovitch turned them down, presumably looking for new locales to advance his designs.
Brodovitch as instructor
A new approach to teaching
While still living in Paris, Brodovitch was offered a job by John Story Jenks, the father of a young girl Brodovitch had shown around the arts scene in Paris. Jenks, a trustee of the Pennsylvania Museum School of Industrial Art (currently the University of the Arts), was overwhelmed by Brodovitch's talents and asked him to head the school's Advertising Design Department. In September 1930, Brodovitch moved to Philadelphia with his wife and son to take the job. Brodovitch began teaching advertising design, creating a special department devoted to the subject.
Brodovitch's task was to bring American advertising design up to the level of Europe's, which was thought to have a far more modern spirit. Before his arrival, advertising students were simply copying the magazine styles of N. C. Wyeth and Howard Pyle. The illustrations were beautiful, but had evolved from the tradition of 19th-century romantic realism, a thing of the past. Brodovitch's teaching technique, on the other hand, was unlike any other the students had been exposed to. He would always teach with a visual aid. Brodovitch would bring into class French and German magazines to examine the pages with his students, explaining the artist's work or technique. He would raise questions like, "Could this line be better? Could it be like, for example, Cocteau?" When not in the classroom, Brodovitch would take the class on outings around Philadelphia to see factories, laboratories, shopping centers, housing projects, dumps, and the zoo. The students were then told to make a "graphic impression" of what they had seen, whether a photographic interpretation, a drawing, or an abstraction. Brodovitch did not teach in the conventional sense, but rather compelled his students to discover one's inner, creative resources.
Design laboratory
In 1933, Brodovitch added the Design Laboratory to the classes he offered. It was meant to be a workshop for his advanced students who wanted to experiment with all aspects of design. Brodovitch shared the Bauhaus belief that you needed to educate the whole individual by directing his or her attention to a variety of modern solutions in their graphic projects. His course description for the Design Laboratory read:
The aim of the course is to help the student to discover his individuality, crystallize his taste, and develop his feeling for the contemporary trend by stimulating his sense of invention and perfecting his technical ability. The course is conducted as an experimental laboratory, inspired by the ever-changing tempo of life, discovery of new techniques, new fields of operation ... in close contact with current problems of leading magazines, department stores, advertising agencies and manufactures. Subjects include design, layout, type, poster, reportage, illustration, magazine make-up, package and product design, display, styling, art directing.
The lab was split into two sections per week, one for design and one for photography. The workshops were immensely popular, and it was not unusual for more than sixty people to show up to his class on the first night. Among the photographers who attended his classes were Diane Arbus, Eve Arnold, David Attie, Richard Avedon, Harvey Lloyd, Hiro, Lisette Model, Garry Winogrand, Joel Meyerowitz and Tony Ray-Jones.
Students on Brodovitch
"Brodovitch said "astonish me" many times, and he said we must enter the future and constantly change the old and seek the new. My own BREAKING THE LIGHT images reinvent the art of photography for the digital age, just as he urged all his students and all who worked with him to do. He despised imitation of the past and said long ago that we must be like the Russian Astronaut Gagarin and rocked into the future with daring and passion. He was a giant ahead of his time and he planted seeds of creativity that like the dragon seeds sprung up fully armored, and ready to astonish him." [ Harvey Lloyd. Post abstract expressionist photographer and artist]
"He taught me to be intolerant of mediocrity. He taught me to worship the unknown." – Art Kane, fashion and music photographer
"I learned from him that if, when you look in your camera, you see an image you have ever seen before, don't click the shutter." – Hiro, fashion photographer
"The Alexey Brodovitch course ... really changed the direction of my life. It was not anything that Brodovitch taught specifically, it was an ambiance that he created, a connection that he would make with particular students. He'd try to get them to move in directions that they were already discovering." – David Attie, fine art and commercial photographer
Notable students
Graduates of these early courses went on to prominent careers in the field. Brodovitch's department came to be known as a 'prep school' for agencies and magazines around the country.
David Attie
Richard Avedon
Jerry Schatzberg
Irving Penn of Vogue Magazine
Otto Storch
Marvin Israel
Lillian Bassman
Ryszard Horowitz
Hiro
Robert Frank
Garry Winogrand
Ed Feingersh, photojournalist
Allan Porter, later editor in chief of Camera magazine
Ted Croner
Hans Namuth
Harper's Bazaar
In spring of 1934, the Art Directors Club of New York asked Brodovitch to design their "13th Annual Art Directors Exhibition" at the Rockefeller Center, New York. It was there that Carmel Snow, the recently appointed editor-in-chief of Harper's Bazaar, saw Brodovitch's work for the first time. She knew right away that Brodovitch would be the one to transform the magazine into a real revival of Vogue, where she had started her career.
I saw a fresh, new conception of layout technique that struck me like a revelation: pages that "bled" beautifully cropped photographs, typography and design that were bold and arresting. Within ten minutes I had asked Brodovitch to have cocktails with me, and that evening I signed him to a provisional contract as art director.
The offer was, of course, dependent on the approval of the owner of Harper's Bazaar, William Randolph Hearst. Brodovitch eagerly returned to Philadelphia and assigned his students apprenticing at his Van Pelt Street studio to make two dummy issues of the magazine. He insisted that each page have a "shock value" of its own to set the magazine apart, "cutting paper dolls out of patterned paper, or illustration perfume bottles to look like high key photography – whatever was unlike other fashion magazines was tried." Although preferring more conservative design, Hearst put his trust in Carmel Snow and allowed her to take on Brodovitch as art director where he remained for 24 years.
The new look of Harper's Bazaar emphasized culture for its own sake. Taking advantage of Brodovitch's contacts in Europe and his wide knowledge of photography, the magazine introduced the work of many artists and photographers to its American audience. Before starting at Harper's Bazaar, Brodovitch organized a return trip to France, hoping to convince old friends to work with him at the magazine. Each summer he would return to offer commissions to artists and photographers until 1939 when the start of World War II made it impossible. By continually bringing in creative forces from overseas, he kept the magazine permanently fresh and cutting-edge. Among the artists that worked for Bazaar were Jean Cocteau, Raoul Dufy, Leonor Fini, Marc Chagall, Man Ray and A. M. Cassandre, the most eminent poster artist in France at the time, replacing the former cover favorite, Erté.
The style of Harper's
To those who worked with him at Bazaar, the pinnacle of Brodovitch's career as a designer was the unfailing elegance of his pages. This elegance, combined with an element of innovation was the ideal mix for a fashion magazine. The quality that guaranteed his success was his devotion to the new, unending surprise and vitality. Frances MacFadden, Bazaar'''s managing editor for much of Brodovitch's tenure, explained his working method:
It was a pleasure to watch him work. He was so swift and sure. In emergencies, like the time the Clipper bearing the report of the Paris Collections was held up in Bermuda, his speed was dazzling. A quick splash or two on the cutting board, a minute's juggling of the photostats, a slather of art gum, and the sixteen pages were complete. His layouts, of course, were the despair of copywriters whose cherished tone poems on girdles or minks had to be sacrificed to his sacred white space. Just before we went to press, all the layouts were laid out in sequence on Carmel Snow's floor, and there, under his eye, re-arranged until the rhythm of the magazine suited him.
Typically, Brodovitch would begin his layouts by designing the layouts as illustrations by hand. His assistant would receive these sketches to look over, but the photographers and freelance writers were often given little or no direction at all besides to come up with something new and unusual. When the photographs for the issue arrived, he would pick the most visually interesting and have a variety of sizes of reproductions made on a photostat machine. From these, each spread would be made one at a time, then arranged among the others to create a well-paced magazine.
His style for the magazine was radically different than any of its contemporaries. Brodovitch wanted his spreads to be innovative and fresh. While other fashion magazines thought it important to show the whole garment, Brodovitch would crop images unexpectedly or off-center to bring a new dynamism to the layout. He used forms in the photographs or illustrations as a cue for how to handle the shape of the text. In his earlier layouts, he would arrange photographs like playing cards, splayed out on the page or in the shape of a fan. Later in his career, however, he abandoned this technique in favor of using only one or two images to a page. Surrealism found its way onto the pages of the magazines in various experimental forms. For example, Brodovitch once used fashion photographs sent via radio from Paris to New York in blurry forms to communicate this new way of sharing information. Designs also included torn edges on photographs, or pages made to look as they had been torn through with a woman's figure stepping out of them. The motif of isolated body parts, another common Surrealist theme, could be seen on the covers and spreads of Harper's in the form of lips, hands, and eyes.
Brodovitch was sensitive to the fact that color was relatively new in magazines, with laborious preparation and high costs. By using process or second color inventively, Brodovitch was able to give the magazine an added sense of currency and luxury. He applied color to his layouts expressively, often choosing to use colors bolder than might be seen in the real world. Even after full-color reproduction became standard practice, he still used broad swaths of single colors for bold emphasis.
In terms of photography, Brodovitch had a distinct feel for what the magazine needed. He favored on-location fashion photography as opposed to the studio shots normally used in other fashion publications. He urged his photographers to look for jarring juxtapositions in their images. One such spread features a woman in a full-length Dior gown posed between two circus elephants. The cinematic effect, a trademark characteristic of his layouts, involved using photographs as if they were stills from a film. He would repeat a pose or a dress several times across a spread to give a narrative, temporal feeling. At times, Brodovitch would arbitrarily take a series of photographs and adopt a story line to go with them, as though recapping a movie. He was known to push this idea even further by adding film sprocket borders to photographs at times. Brodovitch also often emphasized spatial illusions, using type and photographs to create multiple perspectives within a space. The notion of mirroring and doubling also interested him, as can be seen in how he paired similar pictures on a spread or dividing halves of one image across the gutter of the page.
With this goal of story-telling, Harper's Bazaar can be seen as an example of a mediascape, in that Brodovitch was trying to construct a reality for the imaginations of the readers. He would create versions of small movie stills or spreads in which women were supposed to see themselves rather than the model. For example, he would often use a model's silhouette rather than her whole form, or keep her face in shadow, so that any reader could place themselves in those fashions, leading a charmed life. The result would be a magazine of images "out of which scripts can be formed of imagined lives."
One of his assistants at the magazine was future Rolling Stone art director Tony Lane.
Other works
Typeface
Brodovitch designed his own typeface in 1949. "Al-Bro", an abbreviation of his name, has broad and narrow strokes inspired by the symbols of musical notation. A layout showcasing the typeface was included in Portfolio #1, winter 1950.
Portfolio
In 1949, Brodovitch collaborated in the production of the revolutionary publication Portfolio. It has been widely acknowledged as perhaps the definitive graphic design magazine of the twentieth century. The idea for the publication came from art director Frank Zachary. He wanted to put out a magazine that focused solely on art and design, but was at the same time an outstanding example of design itself. Brodovitch was intrigued by the concept. Although he enjoyed his work at Harper's Bazaar, the limitations of space and subject matter often cramped his creative style. Portfolio freed him from the practical and aesthetic restraints to which he had grown accustomed. The pages of the publication were space for his graphic imagination to run wild. George S. Rosenthal, whose family owned a printing company dedicated to mass-market pictorial paperbacks, signed on too.Grundberg, p. 86.
With such great capital spent on publicity, Zachary and Rosenthal decided Portfolio would have to include advertising. Upon seeing the advertisements, however, they could not bear to ruin the look and feel of the publication by running them. It was decided that Portfolio would run without the aesthetic burden of advertising, freeing up more space for the overall design. Brodovitch was responsible for sorting through the articles and illustrations to create the spreads. Zachary described watching Brodovitch in action:
He'd go through the stuff fast, really fast, and pick out always the right thing, you know, and then he would mark it up [for copying], an inch, inch and a half, two and a half inches ... But anyhow, I'd go back to see him, he'd have these dam[n] 'stats all over the floor, ankle deep in them, and he would look around, pick one up, until there were six or eight or ten and then he'd lay them out and it worked ... that was the magic of it, you know?
Inside Portfolio, Brodovitch promoted features devoted to respected artists and designers, contributed articles on vernacular design, and made wildly imaginative layouts. The magazine encompassed an array of subject matter and design styles. Works of great French poets were interspersed with off-beat articles about graffiti by hobos. It was a beautifully composed mix-up of all things art. Unfortunately, the publication lasted only three issues. The no-expense-spared ethos of the magazine, paired with the lack of advertising, caused the magazine to quickly fold.Purcell, p. 239.
Ballet
Between 1935 and 1937, Brodovitch photographed several ballet companies, including the Ballet Russe de Monte Carlo, during their visits to New York on world tours. Although at the time he claimed the photos were only meant to be souvenirs, they evolved into something greater. The style in which Brodovitch photographed deviated from the sharp, straight photography popular at the time. According to one colleague, his images "spat in the face of technique and pointed out a new way in which photographers could work."
Brodovitch released a book of these photographs in 1945, titled simply Ballet, through a small New York publisher. The book contains 104 photographs of several ballets and is divided into eleven segments, one for each ballet performance. On the contents page, Brodovitch introduces each chapter in a typographic style that emulates the feel of the dance it is describing. He photographed with a Contax 35mm camera, no flash, and with a slow film speed. The blurred figures of the dancers allow the viewer to not only feel the music, but also to follow the line of the dancer's limbs mid-step. The images beautifully capture the atmosphere on-stage, the frenzied behind-the-scenes action backstage, and the magical moments of the ballet. By bleeding the blurred, grainy pictures off the pages and into the gutters, he communicated the emotional impact of the dance without words.
Unpublished Work on Breakfast at Tiffany's
While it has never been published or seen, Brodovitch did the design work for what would have been the very first publication of Truman Capote's novella Breakfast at Tiffany's in Harper's Bazaar. The novella was to appear in the July, 1958 issue. It was to be illustrated with a series of photo montages by David Attie, who had been a student of Brodovitch's the previous year and was offered the job on the final night of the class. Alice Morris, the fiction editor of Harper's, recalled that "Brodovitch ... had these wonderful photos taken that had nothing to do with the Breakfast story, but with Holly Golightly's cat. A cat in a window, mysterious-looking, slightly shady and misty." However, after the publication was scheduled, longtime Harper's editor Carmel Snow, who had wielded considerable influence, was ousted by the magazine's publisher, the Hearst Corporation, and replaced with her niece. Hearst executives then began asking for changes to the novella's tart language. By this time, Attie's montages and Brodovitch's design work had been completed, and Morris recounted that while Capote initially refused to make any changes, he relented "partly because I showed him the layouts. We had about six pages with beautiful, atmospheric photographs." Yet despite Capote's changes, Hearst ordered Harper's not to run the novella anyway. Its language and subject matter were still deemed "not suitable," and there was concern that Tiffany's, a major advertiser, would react negatively.Wise, Kelly, ed. (1981) Portrait: Theory, Lustrum Press, p. 7. An outraged Capote soon took the work to Esquire, and it appeared in the November 1958 issue with only a single full-page photo of Attie's, despite Capote's urging that more of the work be used.
Observations
Brodovitch's work as a book designer can be seen in Observations, a collection of photographs by Richard Avedon and commentary by Truman Capote, both regular contributors to Harper's Bazaar. In Observations, each spread shifts between pages of silhouetted images and pages of rectangular blocks of images and text, framed by ample stretches of white space. Although simple and elegant, the layout of the book has an enormous amount of visual variety.
Writing in America
Brodovitch collaborated again with David Attie on a still-renowned special section of Harper's than ran in October 1959, "Writing in America," which was edited by future New York Review of Books editor Robert B. Silvers and used Attie’s evocative images and Brodovitch's innovative layouts to illustrate essays by Budd Schulberg, Kingsley Amis, Archibald MacLeish and others; it has been republished in book form, most recently in 2018.
Saloon Society
Another strong example of Brodovitch's book design is Village Voice columnist Bill Manville's 1960 memoir Saloon Society, The Diary of a Year Beyond Aspirin, which artfully weaves a series of photo collages by David Attie into and around the text of the book itself. Some of Attie's original, unpublished photo montages for Breakfast at Tiffany's were used in this book, which is still available with its original Attie photos and Brodovitch design in a Kindle edition.
Declining health
Already suffering ill health, Brodovitch was plunged into an acute state of depression over the death of his wife, Nina. Over the next two years, Brodovitch was sent to various hospitals on numerous occasions to cure his worsening depression and alcoholism. Throughout these hospital stays, however, Brodovitch had an incessant desire to start new projects. At one point, he began compiling an autobiography, but it was never put together. Brodovitch received a small Minox camera from an old student, Ben Rose, visiting him at Manhattan State Hospital. He slipped the camera in an old box of Pall Mall cigarettes and discreetly began to photograph his fellow patients. Brodovitch would often decide to discharge himself before the treatments had run course. He was so ill, however, that he would be back before the end of the day.
With no pension or regular salary from Harper's Bazaar, Brodovitch was faced with mounting hospital bills. He often lost the little freelance work he was able to scrounge up due to his unwillingness to compromise with the clients. Poor health left him unable to show up to the Design Laboratory workshops on a regular basis.
Harvey Lloyd, artist/photographer, wrote: "I took personal care of Alexey Brodovitch and managed his Design Laboratory Workshops during his last six years in NYC to provide him with income to live on. He moved into my building at Union Square in New York with his son Nikita. I saw him every day, worked with him and watched over his deteriorating health. He drank too much and ate little food. Brodovitch came to virtually every Design Laboratory workshop session and invited many of the famous in the fields of design and photography. I recorded him and his well known visitors talking during those many sessions. These recordings are now available to hear at R.I.T. library in Rhode Island. His mind remained sharp and true to his beliefs during those last years in New York City. It was the greatest privilege to do this for him and to learn from him. He loved New York and I had to make him leave to go to his brother in France, as he was wasting away. There will never be another Brodovitch."
When Brodovitch stopped coming altogether, a few students halfheartedly tried to keep the class going in his honor. Without its creator, though, the Lab came to an end.
In 1966, Brodovitch fell and broke his hip. Physically and financially in a poor state, he moved back to France with his son Nikita to be closer to his many relatives. Two years later, he relocated to Le Thor, a small village even closer to his family in Avignon. He died three years later at age 73.
After death
In 1971 the Doctor of Fine Arts Degree was conferred posthumously on Brodovitch by the Philadelphia College of Art. In 1972 the Philadelphia College of Art held the exhibition "Alexey Brodovitch and His Influence" and he was inducted into the Art Directors Club Hall of Fame in New York. In 1982 the exhibition "Hommage à Alexey Brodovitch" was held at Grand-Palais, Paris. In 2002 Phaidon Press published the book Alexey Brodovitch by Kerry William Purcell.
Bibliography
Brodovitch, Alexey. "Aphorisms." Popular Photography, 49; December, 1961, p92.
Brodovitch, Alexey. "Brodovitch on Photography." Popular Photography, 49; December, 1961, p82-83.
Brodovitch, Alexey, and Franklin Institute (Philadelphia, Pa.). Graphic arts section. New Poster; International Exposition of Design in Outdoor Advertising, the Franklin Institute of the State of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Nineteen-Thirty-Seven. Philadelphia: Beck engraving company, 1937.
Brodovitch, Alexey, and Galeries nationales du Grand Palais (France). Alexey, Brodovitch : [Exposition, Grand-Palais, Paris, 27 Octobre-29 Novembre 1982]. Paris: Ministère de la culture, 1982
Brodovitch, Alexey. "Libres de miseria." Art and Industry, 39; September, 1945, p69.
Brodovitch, Alexey. "What Pleases the Modern Man." Commercial Art, 9; August, 1930, p60-70.
See also
List of AIGA medalists
References
Sources
Further reading
Coyne, Jean A. "Pioneers: Henry Wolf." Communication arts 48.8 (2007): 86.
Coyne, Patrick. "Alexey Brodovitch." Communication Arts, 44.8 (2003): 102–105.
Morris, Holly. "Photo Finish." U.S.news world report 133.17 (2002): 52.
Rowlands, Penelope, ("A Dash of Daring: Carmel Snow and Her Life in Fashion, Art, and Letters." Publishers Weekly'', 252.38 (2005).
Rogers, Michael. "Penn, Irving. Irving Penn: A Career in Photography." Library Journal, 132.4 (2007): p125.
Sherin, Aaris. "Style Book." Print, 60.2 (2006): 48–55.
Tomkins, Calvin. "The World of Carmel Snow." New Yorker, 70.36 (1994): 148–158.
External links
Biography on Brodovitch at Iconofgraphics.com
Biography on Brodovitch at AIGA website
Alexey Brodovitch at biographer Kerry William Purcell's website
1898 births
1971 deaths
AIGA medalists
Graphic designers from the Russian Empire
American graphic designers
Art directors from the Russian Empire
Artists from the Russian Empire
Harper's Bazaar
White Russian emigrants to the United States
Expatriates from the Russian Empire in France | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexey%20Brodovitch |
Lionel Roberts Stadium is a multi-use stadium in Charlotte Amalie, United States Virgin Islands. It is currently used mostly for soccer matches, as well as baseball and American football. The stadium holds 9,000.
References
Soccer venues in the United States Virgin Islands
United States Virgin Islands
Baseball venues in the United States Virgin Islands
Charlotte Amalie, U.S. Virgin Islands | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lionel%20Roberts%20Stadium |
Chumak was a merchant / carter of Ukrainian history and folklore
Chumak may also refer to:
Chumak (surname)
Chumak (company), a food processor in Kakhovka, Ukraine
Chumak (dance), a Ukrainian folk dance
Jumak, another Romanization referring to a type of tavern in old Korean society
See also
Chumakov (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chumak%20%28disambiguation%29 |
The Solina String Synthesizer, also erroneously known as the ARP Solina String Synthesizer or sometimes the ARP String Synthesizer, is a combination of a string synthesizer and synthesizer. It is a hybrid model which combined both the Solina String Ensemble string synthesizer and the ARP Explorer monophonic synthesizer. It was built in Bodegraven, Netherlands by Eminent B.V. Supposedly only about 100 were ever produced. The addition of the ARP Explorer to the Solina string sounds made for a very powerful combination.
Keyboard modes
Strings Only
Strings through the Explorer low-pass filter
Explorer voice combined with the lower Solina keyboard (contrabass and cello)
Explorer voice combined with the upper Solina keyboard (viola, violin, trumpet, horn)
Variations
The manufacturer of Solina series, Eminent B.V., also shipped a home organ model, named Solina C112s (with "Explore I" logo), which included ARP Explorer I.
References
String synthesizers
ARP synthesizers
Polyphonic synthesizers
Analog synthesizers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARP%20String%20Synthesizer |
Bones Park is a multi-use stadium in Castries, St. Lucia. It is currently used mostly for football matches. The stadium holds 20,000.
Castries
Football venues in Saint Lucia
Saint Lucia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bones%20Park |
The Le Conte pear is a deciduous pear tree growing to 8m. It is not frost tender. The flowers are hermaphrodite and are pollinated by insects. The fruit is edible raw or cooked. The flesh resembles that of the Asian pear. The fruit can be eaten as soon as it is picked, and can store for several days to several months. It is usually cooked in pies and preserves. The fruit is up to 8cm long and 5cm wide. The pear is named after John Eatton Le Conte, who introduced it to Georgia in 1856.
References
Le Conte pear | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Le%20Conte%20pear |
Tavua Indian Communal is a former electoral division of Fiji, one of 19 communal constituencies reserved for Indo-Fijians. Established by the 1997 Constitution, it came into being in 1999 and was used for the parliamentary elections of 1999, 2001, and 2006. (Of the remaining 52 seats, 27 were reserved for other ethnic communities and 25, called Open Constituencies, were elected by universal suffrage). The electorate was located in the west of the main island of Viti Levu.
The 2013 Constitution promulgated by the Military-backed interim government abolished all constituencies and established a form of proportional representation, with the entire country voting as a single electorate.
Election results
In the following tables, the primary vote refers to first-preference votes cast. The final vote refers to the final tally after votes for low-polling candidates have been progressively redistributed to other candidates according to pre-arranged electoral agreements (see electoral fusion), which may be customized by the voters (see instant run-off voting).
1999
2001
2006
Sources
Psephos - Adam Carr's electoral archive
Fiji Facts | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tavua%20%28Indian%20Communal%20Constituency%2C%20Fiji%29 |
Brush Script is a casual connecting script typeface designed in 1942 by Robert E. Smith for the American Type Founders (ATF). The face exhibits an exuberant graphic stroke emulating the look of handwritten written letters with an ink brush. Lowercase letters are deliberately irregular to further effect the look of handwritten text. The typeface was introduced in 1942 and saw near immediate success with advertisers, retailers, and in posters. Its popularity continued through the 1950s, and waned as influence of the International Typographic Style grew in the 1960s. The typeface has regained considerable popularity for its nostalgic association with the post WW2 era.
Along with Dom Casual and Mistral, it is one of the best-known casual script typefaces.
Reception
Brush Script was named #3 in "Least Favorite" nomination in 2007 designers' survey, conducted by Anthony Cahalan. "Least Favorite" is defined as "misused or overused", "ugly", "boring, dated, impractical or clichéd", "dislike or blind hatred".
Brush Script was rated #5 in "The 8 Worst Fonts In The World" list in Simon Garfield's 2010 book Just My Type.
See also
Mistral
Dom Casual
Waltograph
References
Jaspert, W. Pincus, W. Turner Berry and A.F. Johnson. The Encyclopedia of Type Faces. Blandford Press Ltd.: 1953, 1983. .
External links
Type Gallery - Brush Script
American Type Founders typefaces
Casual script typefaces
Typefaces and fonts introduced in 1942 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Brush%20Script |
Colt 45 is an American brand of lager or malt liquor made and primarily marketed in the United States, originally introduced by National Brewing Company in the spring of 1963. Through a series of mergers and acquisitions, the National Brewing Company and its brands (including Colt 45) are today owned by the Pabst Brewing Company.
Colt 45 is available today in a multitude of packages and sizes. Cans are available in 12-, 16-, 24-, and 32-ounce packages and bottles are available in 7-, 12-, 16-, 18-, 22-, 32-, and 40-ounce packages. Cans are available in multi-packs including: 6-, 12-, 15-, 18-, 24-, 30-, 36-, and 42-packs of 12-ounce cans.
History
National Brewing Company introduced Colt 45 in 1963. Previously, the only major national brand of malt liquor was Country Club. The label was designed with a kicking horse and horseshoe, a reference to its "extra kick" compared to competing brands.
Listed on the Pabst website as a "Fun Fact", Colt 45 was named after running back Jerry Hill of the 1963 Baltimore Colts, who wore the number 45 and not the .45 caliber handgun ammunition round. The credited name change came because of malt liquor’s association with violence in disenfranchised neighborhoods.
Advertising
Throughout most of the 1960s and 1970s, Colt 45 was marketed towards the suburban white-collar middle class demographic. To this end, in a memorable ad campaign that lasted over 15 years, Billy Van portrayed a gentleman in suit and tie quietly sitting at a small table and taking little notice of all the activity going on around him, until a waiter or someone showed up with a schooner glass and a can of Colt 45. Music resembling Song of the Nairobi Trio played in the background while a voice-over announcer intoned:
In subsequent commercials, the surroundings became increasingly peculiar, including, but not limited to:
sitting on the shore of a busy beach
at the end of an airport runway
on an ice rink, in front of the goal during a hockey game
in a bullring, during a bullfight
an encounter with a shark in the middle of the ocean or bay
at the bottom of a ski jump (which featured a cameo by Redd Foxx)
The one constant in each of these commercials was Van himself, who remained unperturbed while sitting at the table, though in some instances he became indirectly involved in the tumult unfolding around him. Van won a 1975 Clio Award for one of these commercials.
By 1978, the "waiting man" commercials were replaced with more contemporary ads and the slogan "That Dynamite Taste"; one of those commercials briefly featured an unknown Ted Danson. Beginning in 1980, Colt 45 began a long association with actor Billy Dee Williams, who appeared in their print and billboard ads as well as on television. The product's slogan during that era, as stated by Williams in his television commercials, was, "It works every time." Williams responded indifferently to criticism of his appearances in the liquor commercials.
In popular culture
In the movie Mr. Freedom, the title character is a Washington D.C. police officer who drinks Colt 45 on duty.
In the documentary The Decline of Western Civilization, members of the Hardcore Punk band Black Flag can be seen drinking Colt 45.
American rapper Afroman references Colt 45 in his song Crazy Rap.
Related products
In the early 1990s, Colt 45 makers experimented briefly with a mint-flavored derivative, marketed under the name Cool Colt. Available in limited quantities, it was largely met with puzzlement from loyal customers. While it was in production, the slogan for Cool Colt was "Taste the Cool." Apparently, it was designed to pair with menthol cigarettes.
Another variety of Colt 45 introduced in the early 1990s was Colt 45 Silver. Like the regular Colt 45, it was a malt based beer, the difference being that it had a lower alcohol concentration and was clear. The can was blue with silver horses running below the Colt 45 logo. The can also boasted it as a "Deluxe Malt Liquor". It was marketed as being a "sophisticated" brand of beer.
A double malt version—titled Colt 45 Double Malt—was also produced; and in certain regions, such as Montana, had 8.5% abv. Sold in only certain regions, the label was distinguishable by two horseshoes rather than the standard single one. It was discontinued in the early 2000s.
In 2011, Pabst Brewing introduced Blast by Colt 45. Snoop Dogg signed on to promote the beverage as Blast's "brand ambassador". The 12% ABV fruit-flavored malt beverage has been criticized for targeting underage drinkers. In order to comply with FDA regulations, Blast by Colt does not contain caffeine, taurine, or guarana. Some flavors of the drink included Fruit Punch, Strawberry-Lemonade, Raspberry-Watermelon, Grape, and Blueberry-Pomegranate. The beer was discontinued in 2013 due to poor sales.
References
External links
American beer brands
Pabst Brewing Company
Products introduced in 1963 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colt%2045%20%28malt%20liquor%29 |
Landesbank Berlin Holding (formerly Bankgesellschaft Berlin; ) is a large commercial bank based in Berlin, Germany. It is the holding company of the Berliner Sparkasse and Landesbank. In 2007, LBB was taken over by the Deutscher Sparkassen- und Giroverband (DSGV). Berlin was forced to sell its stake by the European Commission as a condition of permitting the bailout of the then Bankgesellschaft Berlin, which had gotten into difficulties due to a real-estate scandal. In 2010, a net profit of EUR 317 million was reported.
References
External links
Official website
Landesbanks
Companies based in Berlin
Companies formerly in the MDAX
German companies established in 2005
Banks established in 2005 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landesbank%20Berlin%20Holding |
R.O.T.O.R. (also known as Blue Steel and R.O.T.O.R.: Police Force) is a 1987 American science fiction action film starring Richard Gesswein, Jayne Smith and Margaret Trigg. The film has been described as a low-budget copy of The Terminator and RoboCop with some elements taken from Judge Dredd.
The film is well known in Argentina as the origin of the name of the Argentinian rock band Él Mató a un Policía Motorizado (He killed a motorcycle cop).
Plot
Scientist and police captain Dr. Barrett C. Coldyron develops a prototype police robot he dubs R.O.T.O.R. (for "Robotic Officer Tactical Operations Research/Reserve") as part of his vision for preserving peace in a chaotic future. He is pressured by his superior, the corrupt Division Commander Earl Buglar, to rush R.O.T.O.R.'s development so Senator Donald Douglas, the project's financial sponsor, can use it to campaign for President. Coldyron refuses Buglar's demands to have R.O.T.O.R. ready in sixty days and resigns rather than be fired, leaving control of the project in the hands of his incompetent assistants, Dr. Houghtaling and his robot Willard.
Following Coldyron's departure, a lab accident results in R.O.T.O.R. activating and going out on duty. While on patrol, it stops a motorist for speeding and, not yet having higher brain functions in its programming, executes him. His fiancée, Sonya, becomes R.O.T.O.R.'s target as it views her as her boyfriend's accomplice, and the robot begins a relentless pursuit of her. Coldyron learns of the murder and discovers R.O.T.O.R.'s activation, finding that it is operating under its prime directive, "to judge and execute". He saves Sonya from R.O.T.O.R. at a gas station and helps her escape, informing her that the robot will continue to pursue her and thus she must keep moving. Devising a plan to stop R.O.T.O.R.'s rampage, Coldyron contacts Dr. Corrine Steele, who developed the robot's combat chassis from a unique, self-teaching alloy, for assistance. They realize that as long as R.O.T.O.R. remains pursuing Sonya, it will not kill anyone else who does not get in its way.
On Coldyron's instruction, Sonya leads R.O.T.O.R. to a fishing camp. Coldyron and Steele arrive soon after, and Steele sacrifices herself to rip open R.O.T.O.R.'s chest, exposing its power core. Coldyron manages to lasso R.O.T.O.R.'s limbs with Primacord ropes to restrain it, and R.O.T.O.R.'s electrical discharge detonates the explosives, finally destroying the robot for good.
Coldyron files a final report on the incident and leaves the police building. However, he is ambushed outside by Buglar, who murders him to cover up the corruption and embezzlement involved in funding the project. His nephew, Brett Coldyron, subsequently inherits his research and money. Brett, deciding to continue and perfect his uncle's work, creates a new R.O.T.O.R. model, upgraded to include the higher brain functions that will make it capable of mercy and modeled in Dr. Steele's physical image.
Cast
Richard Gesswein as Captain Barrett C. Coldyron, a scientist who runs the police robotics lab and also manages a ranch. Coldyron's dream of a force of robotic officers is shattered by Earl G. Buglar.
Jayne Smith as Dr. Corrine R. Steele, the designer of R.O.T.O.R.'s robotic chassis.
Smith also portrays R.O.T.O.R. II, an upgraded R.O.T.O.R. modeled after Steele that appears in the final scene.
Carroll Brandon Baker as R.O.T.O.R., the killer robot that is accidentally activated. It is a dangerous machine that is adept at everything from t'ai chi to full field combat, and can visualize past events in an area by removing its sunglasses. It is built of a new alloy capable of self-teaching, but has one known weakness: loud noises immobilize it.
Michael Hunter as Earl G. Buglar, Coldyron's commander in the police department. Buglar has been embezzling money from the R.O.T.O.R. project and has promised a corrupt senator, Donald D. Douglas, that the robot will be ready in time for the next election.
Margaret Trigg as Sonya R. "Sony" Garren, an innocent woman who is stalked by R.O.T.O.R. after it kills her fiancé for speeding. Sonya spends much of the movie fleeing from R.O.T.O.R. in her blue 1986 Impulse while Coldyron and Steele work to develop a plan for defeating R.O.T.O.R.
Shawn Brown as Mokie Killion, a hard-bitten sarcastic cop. Mokie does not like cleaning up the messes left behind when Coldyron stops group of armed shoplifters.
Clark Moore as Dr. Houghtaling, Coldyron's laboratory assistant. He is placed in charge of the R.O.T.O.R. project by Buglar following Coldyron's resignation, and his incompetence soon leads to the cyborg's rampage.
Willard the Robot as Willard, Dr. Houghtaling's robotic aide. Despite being far less advanced than R.O.T.O.R., Willard has a fully formed personality and behaves in human-like ways, such as reading magazines and asking Houghtaling to share his French fries. Willard often serves as a voice of reason to the humans around him, providing sarcastic comments on their actions.
Nanette Kuczek as Penny Gayle, Coldyron's girlfriend.
Quintin Hardtner as Brett Coldyron, Coldyron's nephew.
The film features extensive voice-over, with Loren Bivens voicing Coldyron, Georganna Barry voicing Steele, and additional voices provided by Rocky Patterson, Mike Collins, Patrick Montes, Jo Brewer and Lawrence Morgan.
Home media
R.O.T.O.R. was released on home video in the United Kingdom by RCA/Columbia in June 1988.
Mill Creek Entertainment included R.O.T.O.R. in their "Sci-Fi Invasion 50 Movie" DVD boxed set in 2011.
In October 2014, RiffTrax released R.O.T.O.R. as a video-on-demand title with humorous commentary.
In February 2016, the film was released on Blu-ray by Shout! Factory in a double feature with Millennium.
References
Footnotes
Sources
External links
Review of R.O.T.O.R.
RiffTrax treatment on official YouTube channel
1980s science fiction action films
1987 films
American independent films
American science fiction action films
Android (robot) films
1980s English-language films
Films set in Texas
Films shot in Texas
1980s American films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/R.O.T.O.R. |
The East Prigorodny conflict, also referred to as the Ossetian–Ingush conflict, was an inter-ethnic conflict in the eastern part of the Prigorodny District in the Republic of North Ossetia–Alania, which started in 1989 and developed, in 1992, into a brief ethnic war between local Ingush and Ossetian paramilitary forces.
Origins of the conflict
Imperial and early Soviet era
The present conflict emerges from the policies of both Imperial and Soviet governments, which exploited ethnic differences to further their own ends, namely the perpetuation of central rule and authority. Tsarist policy in the North Caucasus generally favored Ossetians, who inhabited an area astride the strategically important Georgian Military Highway, a key link between Russia proper and her Transcaucasian colonies.
In addition, the Ossetians were one of the few friendly peoples in a region that for much of the nineteenth century bitterly resisted Russian rule; a majority of Ossetians shared the same Eastern Orthodox Christian faith with Russians (while a minority are Sunni Muslim), while the majority of the other ethnic groups of the North Caucasus were Muslim. Russian authorities also conducted population transfers of native people in the area at will and brought in large numbers of Terek Cossacks.
Under the Soviets, local Cossacks (many of the early members of the Terek Cossacks were Ossetians) were punished for their support of anti-Soviet White forces during the Russian Civil War (1918–1921) and banished from the area, including from the Prigorodnyi region which was given to the Ingush, ostensibly for their support of the Red or Bolshevik forces during the conflict. Soviet administrators often arbitrarily created territorial units in the North Caucasus, thereby enhancing differences by splitting apart like peoples or fostering dependence by uniting different groups.
In January 1920, the Autonomous Mountain Soviet Socialist Republic, referred to as the "Mountaineers Republic," was formed, with its capital in Vladikavkaz. Initially, the "Mountaineers Republic," included the Kabards, Chechens, Ingush, Ossetians, Karachai, Cherkess, and Balkars, but it quickly began to disintegrate and new territorial units were created. In 1924, the Ingush were given their own territorial unit that included the Prigorodnyi region. In 1934, the Ingush were merged territorially with the Chechens; in 1936 this territory was formed into the Checheno-Ingush ASSR with its capital in Grozny. The Prigorodnyi region still remained within the Chechen–Ingush entity.
In 1944, near the end of World War II, the Ingush and the Chechen peoples were accused of collaborating with the Nazis, and by order of Joseph Stalin, the whole population of Ingush and Chechens were deported to Central Asia and Siberia. Soon after, the depopulated Prigorodny district was transferred to North Ossetia.
Post-WW2 tensions and Soviet collapse
In 1957, the repressed Ingush and Chechens were allowed to return to their native land and the Checheno-Ingush Republic was restored, with the Prigorodny district maintained as part of North Ossetia. Soviet authorities attempted to prevent Ingush from returning to their territory in Prigorodny district; however, Ingush families managed to move in, purchase houses back from the Ossetians and resettled the district in greater numbers.
This gave rise to the idea of "restoring historical justice" and "returning native lands", among the Ingush population and intelligentsia, which contributed to the already existing tensions between ethnic Ossetians and Ingush. Between 1973 and 1980 the Ingush voiced their demands for the reunification of the Prigorodny district with Ingushetia by staging various protests and meetings in Grozny.
The tensions increased in early 1991, during the collapse of the Soviet Union, when the Ingush openly declared their rights to the Prigorodny district according to the Soviet law adopted by the Supreme Soviet of the USSR on April 26, 1991; in particular, the third and the sixth article on "territorial rehabilitation." The law gave the Ingush legal grounds for their demands, which caused serious turbulence in a region in which many people had free access to weapons, resulting in an armed conflict between ethnic Ingush population of the Prigorodny district and Ossetian armed militias from Vladikavkaz.
Armed conflict
Ethnic violence rose steadily in the area of the Prigorodny district, to the east of the Terek River, despite the introduction of 1,500 Soviet Internal Troops to the area.
During the summer and early autumn of 1992, there was a steady increase in the militancy of Ingush nationalists. At the same time, there was a steady increase in incidents of organized harassment, kidnapping and rape against Ingush inhabitants of North Ossetia by their Ossetian neighbours, police, security forces and militia. Ingush fighters marched to take control over Prigorodny District and on the night of October 30, 1992, open warfare broke out, which lasted for a week. The first people killed were respectively Ossetian and Ingush militsiya staff (as they had basic weapons). While Ingush militias were fighting the Ossetians in the district and on the outskirts of the North Ossetian capital Vladikavkaz, Ingush from elsewhere in North Ossetia were forcibly evicted and expelled from their homes. Russian OMON forces actively participated in the fighting and sometimes led Ossetian fighters into battle.
On October 31, 1992, armed clashes broke out between Ingush militias and North Ossetian security forces and paramilitaries supported by Russian Interior Ministry (MVD) and Army troops in the Prigorodny District of North Ossetia. Although Russian troops often intervened to prevent some acts of violence by Ossetian police and republican guards, the stance of the Russian peacekeeping forces was strongly pro-Ossetian, not only objectively as a result of its deployment, but subjectively as well. The fighting, which lasted six days, had at its root a dispute between ethnic Ingush and Ossetians over the Prigorodnyi region, a sliver of land of about 978 square kilometers over which both sides lay claim. That dispute has not been resolved, nor has the conflict. Both sides have committed human rights violations. Thousands of homes have been wantonly destroyed, most of them Ingush. More than one thousand hostages were taken on both sides, and as of 1996 approximately 260 individuals-mostly Ingush-remain unaccounted for, according to the Procuracy of the Russian Federation. Nearly five hundred individuals were killed in the first six days of conflict. Hostage-taking, shootings, and attacks on life and property continued at least until 1996. President Boris Yeltsin issued a decree that the Prigorodny district was to remain part of North Ossetia on November 2.
Casualties
Total dead as of June 30, 1994: 644.
Aftermath
According to Human Rights Watch:
It is estimated that between 1994 and 2008, around 25,000 of the Ingush people returned to Prigorodny District while some 7,500 remained in Ingushetia.
On October 11, 2002, the presidents of Ingushetia and North Ossetia signed an agreement "promoting cooperation and neighborly relations".
See also
Georgian–Ossetian conflict
Notes
References
Bibliography
External links
Getting back home? Towards sustainable return of Ingush forced migrants and lasting peace in Prigorodny district of North Ossetia
1992 in Russia
Conflicts in 1992
Ethnic cleansing in Europe
History of Ingushetia
History of North Ossetia–Alania
Massacres in Russia
Politics of Russia
Conflicts in territory of the former Soviet Union
Wars involving Russia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East%20Prigorodny%20conflict |
Ba East Indian Communal is a former electoral division of Fiji, one of 19 communal constituencies reserved for Indo-Fijians. Established by the 1997 Constitution, it came into being in 1999 and was used for the parliamentary elections of 1999, 2001, and 2006. (Of the remaining 52 seats, 27 were reserved for other ethnic communities and 25, called Open Constituencies, were elected by universal suffrage). The electorate covered the eastern part of Ba Province.
The 2013 Constitution promulgated by the Military-backed interim government abolished all constituencies and established a form of proportional representation, with the entire country voting as a single electorate.
Election results
In the following tables, the primary vote refers to first-preference votes cast. The final vote refers to the final tally after votes for low-polling candidates have been progressively redistributed to other candidates according to pre-arranged electoral agreements (see electoral fusion), which may be customized by the voters (see instant run-off voting).
1999
2001
2006
Sources
Psephos - Adam Carr's electoral archive
Fiji Facts | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ba%20East%20%28Indian%20Communal%20Constituency%2C%20Fiji%29 |
The Chrysler CCV (CCV stands for Composite Concept Vehicle) was a concept car designed by Bryan Nesbitt to illustrate new means of construction suitable for developing nations.
The car is a tall, fairly roomy 4-door hatchback, of modest dimensions. The designers at Chrysler note they were inspired to create a modernized Citroën 2CV.
The Chrysler CCV featured an injection-molded plastic body with a fabric roof and an air-cooled 2-cylinder engine driving the front wheels. It was designed to be cheap and easy to manufacture in countries with poor transportation and utility infrastructure and minimal access to capital and skilled labor. The car's simplicity would have ensured longevity and reliability in harsh conditions and made it easy for owners to do their own maintenance and repair work. Despite its lightweight construction, the CCV performed well in front and rear crash tests, although its lack of structural support in the doors and side pillars would have prevented sales in first-world markets.
The CCV was initially developed in the mid-1990s, and earmarked for production, beginning with a joint venture operation in China. However, logistical problems with the injection molding process combined with the rationalization that occurred following Chrysler's 1998 takeover by Daimler-Benz to effectively kill the project. Techniques developed to manufacture CCV bodyshells were ultimately utilized in the production of plastic hardtops for the Jeep Wrangler.
Although the CCV project was essentially terminated in 1998, Chrysler Group continues to actively exhibit the several prototypes produced at a variety of venues, including at the Museum of Modern Art in New York City in 2000.
References
Chrysler's Composite Concept Vehicle (CCV)
CCV | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chrysler%20CCV |
The Tiuna UR-53AR50 is a Venezuelan multipurpose military vehicle, presented by CENARECA and assembled locally by Venezolana de Vehículos para la Defensa. The assembly plant is located at Fort Tiuna, Caracas, Distrito Capital, Venezuela.
The Tiuna design was created by Toyota to compete with the American-made Humvee, which was first shown to the public on July 20, 2004.
Production vehicles are built with the support of companies that bring vehicle parts for its construction and co-ops that work at the Fort Tiuna Assembly Plant (VVD Headquarters). This vehicle is designed and built in Venezuela.
Models
The following are known production models for the Tiuna:
Military
Reconnaissance
Anti-Tank
Command Post
Air Defense
MANPAD-mounted
As towing vehicle for AAA guns
Communications
Anti-Riot
Recoilless rifle-mounted (M40)
Multiple rocket launcher
Others
Transportation (Personal)
Cargo (Dry)
Ambulance
Maintenance
Fuel
Water tanker
Civilian
SUV
Operators
: Used by Venezuelan military since 2004.
References
External links
Official Site - (Archived)
Military vehicles of Venezuela
Military trucks
Military light utility vehicles | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tiuna |
Road Rules: Semester at Sea is the eighth season of the MTV reality television series Road Rules. This season featured six cast members in the shipboard Semester at Sea study program, and followed the cast as they travelled aboard a cruise ship, both while taking school classes and embarking on the various adventures and scavenger hunts typical of Road Rules. This is considered to be the final season of the 'classic era' of Road Rules, as the format of the show would change significantly beginning with Road Rules: Maximum Velocity Tour. This season was filmed in: Nassau (Bahamas), Havana (Cuba), Salvador (Brazil), Cape Town (South Africa), Mombasa and Chyulu Hills (Kenya), Madras (India), Penang (Malaysia), Ho Chi Minh City (Vietnam), Hong Kong (Hong Kong), Shanghai (China), Osaka and Tokyo (Japan), and Seattle (Washington).
A pair of specials — a casting special and a "Passport to Road Rules 8: Semester at Sea" special, aired on June 8 and June 14, 1999, respectively, and the season premiered on June 21, 1999.
Cast
: Age at time of filming.
Missions
Episodes
After filming
Veronica appeared nude in the May 2002 issue of Playboy magazine, along with other alumni of The Real World and Road Rules: Flora Alekseyeun, Beth Stolarczyk and Jisela Delgado. In 2007, she returned to the series as part of the alumni cast of Road Rules 2007: Viewers' Revenge.
In 2007, Ayanna welcomed her first daughter, Madison.
Yes is currently an architect and fabricator and works at University of California, Berkeley.
In 2018, the cast reunited for a 20-year reunion cruise. Ayanna Mackins, Pua Medeiros, Yes Duffy and Shawn Sealy attended the reunion.
The Challenge
References
Road Rules
1999 American television seasons
Television series set on cruise ships
Television shows filmed in the Bahamas
Television shows filmed in Cuba
Television shows filmed in Brazil
Television shows filmed in South Africa
Television shows filmed in Kenya
Television shows filmed in India
Television shows filmed in Malaysia
Television shows filmed in Vietnam
Television shows filmed in Hong Kong
Television shows filmed in Shanghai
Television shows filmed in Japan
Television shows filmed in Washington (state) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Road%20Rules%3A%20Semester%20at%20Sea |
Kuon is a 2004 survival horror video game developed by FromSoftware for the PlayStation 2. Published by FromSoftware in Japan, it was released in North America by Agetec, and in Europe by Nobilis and Indie Games Productions in 2006. The narrative takes place in Japan's Heian period, and follows the actions of three protagonists during an outbreak of monsters at Fujiwara Manor in Kyoto; Utsuki, daughter of the onmyōji Ashiya Doman, Doman's apprentice Sakuya, and the veteran onmyōji Abe no Seimei. Gameplay has the different characters exploring the grounds and buildings of Fujiwara Manor, solving puzzles and fighting off hostile monsters.
The game was conceived by its producer Atsushi Taniguchi. His aim was to create a dark narrative based around Japanese kaidan ghost stories, with a focus on female protagonists. The gameplay was designed as an evolution of the company's earlier title Lost Kingdoms. The artwork was handled by Nozomu Iwai, with promotional artwork designed by Kyosuke Chinai. Reception was mixed, with praise going to its atmosphere while many journalists faulted its controls and gameplay.
Gameplay
Kuon is a survival horror video game in which the player takes on the role of three characters—Utsuki, Sakuya, and Abe no Seimei—exploring the buildings and grounds of Fujiwara Manor. The characters are seen from an overhead third-person fixed perspective. The characters navigate the mansion during gameplay; the standard pace is a slow walk, with an option to run, but comes with a greater risk of attracting enemies. To progress the game, the characters explore the mansion to solve puzzles and find key items. Items are displayed in environments using flashing points of light. From the beginning of the game, certain doors within the mansion grounds are sealed, and require a particular item to open. These items can be restricted to particular characters.
During navigation, the characters are attacked by monsters, many of which are drawn by noise. The characters have access to different weapon types; Utsuki uses a knife, Sakuya uses a fan, and Abe no Seimei, a naginata. There is no lock-on, meaning characters must be aligned manually before attacking an enemy. The characters can also find a limited number of spell cards during exploration, which can be used in combat. There are two types of cards; projectiles that trigger an immediate attack, and summoning papers that create an allied creature for a limited time that attacks enemies.
Navigation is impeded by areas of negative energy, both occurring naturally and when enemies appear. The characters can be afflicted with vertigo when low on health, or struck by dark energy; when struck by the energy when running, the character is momentarily stunned. The character can recover by standing still and using meditation to restore health and remove the vertigo effect. The player can also use healing items found around the manor to restore health.
Synopsis
Setting and characters
Kuon takes place in and around Fujiwara Manor, an estate in Kyoto, Japan during the Heian period. Central to the plot are two magical Mulberry trees planted near the present Fujiwara Manor by the Hata clan. The trees birth silkworms which weave cocoons around the dead and resurrect them. The resurrection can only be sustained by merging with other living beings, including humans, and absorbing their "grudge". The ultimate goal of the Mulberries is to perform the merging nine times, completing the Kuon Ritual and birthing a being which will become a new Mulberry.
Many of the characters are either qualified or trainee onmyōji—referred to in the English version as exorcists—practitioners of mystical onmyōdō powers. A key character and antagonist is Ashiya Doman, an ambitious onmyōji who becomes fascinated by the Mulberry tree and the Kuon Ritual. The playable characters are Utsuki, Doman's daughter who lives near one of the Mulberry trees with her sister Kureha; Sakuya, an onmyōji-in-training and one of Doman's apprentices; and Abe no Seimei, a master onmyōji and Doman's rival.
Plot
The narrative is split into three parts; the "Yin" phase following Utsuki, the "Yang" phase following Sakuya, and the unlockable "Kuon" phase following Abe no Seimei. Utsuki and Kureha arrive at Fujiwara Manor from their home in search of Doman. Utsuki is soon separated from Kureha, and must defend herself from the many monsters roaming the grounds. Sakuya arrives with three of Doman's disciples, including her brother, to investigate the recent rumors of terrible incidents. As they investigate, Sakuya fights off the monsters, and two of the disciples are killed and corrupted by the monsters.
During their explorations, Utsuki and Sakuya find notes by Doman and members of the Fujiwara clan. It is revealed that when Kureha died in an accident for which Utsuki is presumed responsible, Doman was tempted by the Mulberries' twin spirits to subject Kureha to the Kuon Ritual, performed using a special chest. Doman also subjected members of the Fujiwara family to the ritual, with they and other victims returning as monsters. During her exploration, Sakuya burns one of the Mulberry trees. Utsuki is revealed to have already been absorbed by Kureha, with most of her narrative being a dream during her absorption. Utsuki awakes, struggling against Kureha's influence, and ends up absorbing Sakuya's older brother. Both reach the underground chamber where Doman's experiments were conducted, and despite the monstrous Utsuki attacking her, Sakuya vows to help her.
Alerted to Doman's actions, Abe no Seimei arrives and makes her way through the Fujiwara estate, coming across a wounded Sakuya, who begs Abe no Seimei to help Utsuki. Abe no Seimei also comes across a weakened Utsuki, who is momentarily calmed. Confronting Doman, he reveals his wish for Abe no Seimei to become the Kuon Ritual's ninth and final sacrifice. Abe no Seimei kills Doman, then the possessed Utsuki takes Doman's body and enters the prepared chest, beginning the final stage of the Kuon Ritual. Abe no Seimei seals the surviving Mulberry's power, but is stopped by Sakuya from killing Utsuki. Abe no Seimei leaves, warning Sakuya of the new being's potential for evil. During the credits, Sakuya coaxes the Kuon Ritual's child, a young girl resembling Utsuki, outside the Fujiwara grounds for the first time. They walk away together, leaving their futures uncertain.
Development
Kuon was developed by FromSoftware, a company that made its name developing the King's Field and Armored Core series. The producer was Atsushi Taniguchi, who had previously worked on The Adventures of Cookie & Cream for PlayStation 2, and Lost Kingdoms for GameCube. The art director was Nozomu Iwai. Work on Kuon began following Lost Kingdoms II in 2003, with the target audience being people wanting a new approach to horror. Having previously handled dark adventure-based titles before, Taniguchi wanted to create his own take on that style using a traditional Japanese setting. Production was difficult and hectic, with the game going through unspecified production troubles. The weapon assignment for characters was intended to invert the typical precepts for their character styles; the weakly Utsuki used a knife, while the stronger Sakuya used a fan. The battle system was an evolution of the card system from Lost Kingdoms. The "tempest" and meditation mechanics were designed to produce unease, and while easy to implement were a later addition which threatened to disrupt the production schedule. Taniguchi put a lot of effort into creating an atmosphere of fear.
The Heian period setting was chosen due to its mystic presentation in Japanese culture and folklore, with multiple interlinked narratives which told a deep story within limited environments. The narrative took inspiration from kaidan, a type of Japanese ghost story. The numbers "four" and "nine" were included based on their unlucky reputation in Japanese culture, with the game's title having a plot-related double meaning of both "Nine Evils" and "Eternity". The storyline focused on female protagonists to promote a particular aesthetic, as many games of its kind focused on male protagonists. The historic onmyōji Abe no Seimei was included in the narrative, though the character was changed from a man to being a woman, keeping in line with the character goals. As Taniguchi wanted to create a sequel, the storyline ended on a cliffhanger. A notable outside contributor was artist Kyosuke Chinai, who created the cover and promotional artwork for Japan. Chinai was picked from a selection of artists, whose work was brought by different team members to find someone who drew with the right atmosphere for the game. Taniguchi contacted Chinai multiple times during production, persuading him to accept the collaboration. The CGI sequences, animation and motion capture was handled by Polyassets United.
Release
The game was announced in an issue of Famitsu in September 2003. At this point, it was said to be 25% complete. The title was exhibited in the company stall during the 2003 Tokyo Game Show, alongside other titles including Shadow Tower Abyss, Armored Core: Nexus and Echo Night: Beyond. A live-action commercial was filmed at the Kannon-ji Temple in Setagaya. The staff were surprised when the temple priests agreed to the commercial, and some filmed scenes were direct recreations of scenes from the game. It released in Japan on April 1, 2004. Two different strategy guides were released by ASCII Corporation and Softbank Creative alongside the game.
A North American release was announced by Agetec in May 2004. Agetec was a regular Western publisher for FromSoftware's titles during this time. Their localization was designed to keep as much of the original game intact as possible, and included the original Japanese dub. It was released in the region on December 7, 2004. It was originally going to be released in the UK by Digital Jesters prior to the company's liquidation, with publishing duties assumed across Europe by Nobilis and Indie Games Productions. It released in the region on April 14, 2006. In the years since its release, the Western version has become a rare collectable, and the game itself obscure due to its limited coverage and rarity.
Reception
Kuon received mixed reviews from journalists. The game was described as having "mixed or average" reviews according to the review aggregation website Metacritic, earning 57 points out of 100 based on 20 reviews. Similar contemporary website GameRankings gave the game a score of 59% based on 19 reviews.
When mentioned, the narrative and world design were praised. The gameplay saw mixed responses, with many finding the combat unenjoyable and the puzzle design outdated. The controls also met with general criticism due to lack of response, and noted its slow pace.
Jeremy Parish, writing for 1UP.com, noted its visual design as a standout compared to other titles in the genre, but otherwise found its gameplay derivative and uninteresting. Eurogamers Marc McEntegart was disappointed overall, feeling that its horror elements were too conventional and generally criticised its gameplay and seemingly-wasted aesthetics. GamePro felt that the game as a whole was "dragged down" by mechanical and combat problems which had been with the genre since its early days. Game Informer enjoyed its atmosphere, but faulted its slow pace.
Electronic Gaming Monthly felt the game was let down by poor translation, and noted its archaic design compared to other titles of the day. Bethany Massimilla of GameSpot praised the aesthetic and narrative design, but found the gameplay generally lacking for either long-term play or replaying. David Chen from magazine GMR noted a lack of excitement or engagement with either standard gameplay or combat, and noted that its focus on Japanese folklore limited its audience.
Notes
References
External links
2004 video games
FromSoftware games
Video games about ghosts
PlayStation 2 games
PlayStation 2-only games
Psychological horror games
Video games set in country houses
Video games set in Japan
Video games set in Kyoto
Video games about demons
Fiction about sacrifices
Video games featuring female protagonists
Video games about exorcism
Video games about magic
Video games set in feudal Japan
Video games about twins
Video games about insects
Video games about zombies
Cultural depictions of Japanese people
Fiction about reincarnation
Music in fiction
Experimental medical treatments in fiction
Video games developed in Japan
Single-player video games
Agetec games | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kuon |
Cushing Niles Dolbeare (June 25, 1926 – March 17, 2005) was one of the leading experts on federal housing policy and low income housing in the United States. She designed the methodology for Out of Reach, the widely cited annual report of the National Low Income Housing Coalition (NLIHC) on the gap between housing costs and wages of low income people. She was also known for her analysis of federal housing subsidies, which document the disparity between the cost of tax-based subsidies that benefit homeowners and direct spending on housing assistance for low income households.
Dolbeare began the National Low Income Housing Coalition in 1974 when she organized the Ad Hoc Low Income Housing Coalition in response to the Nixon Administration’s moratorium on federal housing programs. She served as NLIHC’s Executive Director from 1977 to 1984 and from 1993 to 1994. She remained active with NLIHC as a researcher, policy analyst, and board member until her death.
Dolbeare was an adviser and friend to several Secretaries of Housing and Urban Development (HUD). In 1995, Jason DeParle wrote in The New York Times that she was the “dean” of the Washington Corps of housing advocates. In 2002, she was awarded the 8th Annual Heinz Award in the Human Condition.
Dolbeare worked with housing organizations past her retirement; she delivered a speech in Washington, D.C. nine days before her death. Dolbeare died of cancer on March 17, 2005 at her home.
In 2007 the National Low Income Housing Coalition created the Cushing Niles Dolbeare Media Awards, in honor of Dolbeare. The awards are presented yearly to print journalists who "do an exemplary job of illuminating the affordable housing crisis in the United States."
References
American activists
Swarthmore College alumni
1926 births
2005 deaths | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cushing%20Dolbeare |
Richard Ballantine (25 July 1940 – 29 May 2013) was a cycling writer, journalist and cycling advocate. Born in America, the son of Ian and Betty Ballantine of Ballantine Books, and educated at the Browning School in New York and Columbia University, he principally resided in London, England. He wrote the popular Richard's Bicycle Book (1972) and its subsequent editions. He was an editor at Rufus Publications (founded by his parents) and founded several magazines including Bicycle magazine.
Richard's Bicycle Book
Ballantine's Richard's Bicycle Book, published in 1972, appeared at a time when cycling was experiencing a resurgence in popularity, in part to the oil shortages of the world oil crisis and the appearance of lightweight road bicycles. The book was a cornucopia of cycling-related information. It contained an overview of the history of the bicycle, explanations of different bicycle designs and types, various bicycle accessories, guides to basic bicycle maintenance and fitting, and was heavily laced with the author's own views and humour.
The Bicycle Book introduced many new cyclists to the world of commuting and bicycle touring and was also an early example of bicycle advocacy. In a section on road cycling, commuting, and etiquette, Ballantine firmly stated his view that cyclists, as lawful road users, had an absolute right to share existing roads, and that the safe travel of all users should take precedence in designing new streets and thoroughfares.
The book was dedicated to convicted bomber "Samuel Joseph Melville, hero".
Over the years, Richard's Bicycle Book has been through several incarnations such as Richard's New Bicycle Book (1987) and Richard's 21st Century Bicycle Book (2000).
Human powered vehicle movement
Ballantine was prominent in the human powered vehicle (HPV) movement from its inception in the 1980s and active in the HPV racing movement.
He was chairman of the British Human Power Club and of the World Human Powered Vehicle Association.
Personal
Ballantyne was married and had three children.
Bibliography
City Cycling (2007)
Living Ultimate Bicycle Book, DK Living, with Richard Grant (2000)
Richard's 21st Century Bicycle Book (2000)
Ultimate Bicycle Book, with Richard Grant (1998)
Bicycle Repair Manual (1994)
Cyclist's Britain (1989)
Richard's New Bicycle Book (1987)
Richard's Bicycle Book (1972)
References
External links
Richard Ballantine articles on BikeReader
INTERVIEW: Richard Ballantine | Bicycle business | Interviews by BikeBiz
1940 births
2013 deaths
American expatriate sportspeople in England
American information and reference writers
Columbia University alumni
Cycling journalists
Cycling advocates
Cycling writers
Ballantine family
Browning School alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Ballantine |
Jesús María Pereda Ruiz de Temiño (15 June 1938 – 27 September 2011), also known as Chus Pereda, was a Spanish football midfielder and manager.
In a 16-year professional career, he played mainly for Barcelona, amassing La Liga totals of 197 matches and 55 goals for four teams – including Real Madrid. In 1964 he helped Spain win the European Championship, being an international throughout the decade.
After retiring, Pereda was in charge of several Spain youth teams, including the under-20 and the under-21 teams.
Club career
Although born in Medina de Pomar, Province of Burgos, Castile and León, Pereda was raised in Balmaseda in Biscay, and, as a schoolboy, he captained the provincial U-16 team. He began his senior career with Bilbao club SD Indautxu, where his teammates included veteran goalkeeper Raimundo Lezama and Miguel Jones – Pereda and Jones, and later a third player, José Eulogio Gárate, were all controversially rejected by Athletic Bilbao because of their birthplaces, with Pereda moving to Real Madrid and the others to Atlético Madrid.
With the Merengues, Pereda only appeared in two La Liga games, scoring once in a 3–0 home win against Real Zaragoza as the team won the national championship. During his spell in the Spanish capital, he was also loaned to Real Valladolid in Segunda División – after falling out with coach Luis Carniglia– returning to the top flight with Sevilla FC and netting 11 goals in his first season.
Pereda joined FC Barcelona in summer 1961, going on to appear in 293 competitive matches during eight years (104 goals). During that time he won the Copa del Generalísimo twice, scoring the opening goal in the 1963 final, a 3–1 victory over Zaragoza at the Camp Nou.
Aged 31, Pereda left Barcelona and joined Catalonia neighbours CE Sabadell FC, appearing rarely during the top flight season. He closed out his career after two second level campaigns with RCD Mallorca.
In 1995–96, Pereda had his first and only head coaching experience at club level, leading Xerez CD to the 11th position in Segunda División B.
International career
Pereda scored six goals in 15 appearances for Spain, during eight years. His debut was on 15 May 1960 in a 3–0 friendly win with England, at the Santiago Bernabéu Stadium.
Two of Pereda's international goals came at the 1964 European Nations' Cup, in which he appeared alongside Barcelona teammate Josep Maria Fusté. He scored in both the semi-final against Hungary and the final against the Soviet Union, as the national team won the tournament on home soil; in the decisive match he also assisted Marcelino in the 2–1 winner, although No-Do newsreels showed Amancio as the author of the pass.
During 15 years, Pereda managed both the Spain under-20 and under-21 teams, leading the former to the second place in the 1985 FIFA World Championship in the Soviet Union. In 1988, he was in charge of the Castile and León autonomous side for one game, a 1–1 draw with Aragon. Four years later, he replaced Vicente Miera at the helm of the Spain senior team for one match – he worked in his coaching staff as assistant – due to illness.
International goals
Death
Pereda died in Barcelona on 27 September 2011 at the age of 73, from cancer.
Honours
Player
Club
Real Madrid
La Liga: 1957–58
European Cup: 1957–58
Barcelona
Copa del Generalísimo: 1962–63, 1967–68
Inter-Cities Fairs Cup: 1965–66
International
Spain
UEFA European Championship: 1964
Individual
UEFA European Championship: Golden Boot/Team of the Tournament 1964
Manager
Spain U16
UEFA European Championship: 1988
Spain U20
FIFA U-20 World Cup: Runner-up 1985
References
External links
FC Barcelona profile
1938 births
2011 deaths
Sportspeople from the Province of Burgos
Spanish men's footballers
Footballers from Castile and León
Men's association football midfielders
La Liga players
Segunda División players
SD Indautxu footballers
Real Madrid CF players
Real Valladolid players
Sevilla FC players
FC Barcelona players
CE Sabadell FC footballers
RCD Mallorca players
Spain men's under-21 international footballers
Spain men's B international footballers
Spain men's international footballers
Catalonia men's international guest footballers
1964 European Nations' Cup players
UEFA European Championship-winning players
Spanish football managers
Segunda División B managers
Xerez CD managers
Spain national under-21 football team managers
Footballers from Biscay
People from Enkarterri | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Chus%20Pereda |
Roy Rubin (December 9, 1925 – August 5, 2013) was a former college and professional basketball coach.
Career as coach
Rubin played college basketball while attending University of Louisville from 1949 to 1951. He coached the 1972–73 Philadelphia 76ers — at the time, the worst team (a 9–73 win–loss record) in the history of the NBA — for the first 51 games of the season. His record was 4–47.
Rubin coached at Christopher Columbus High School in New York City, where he led the team to six borough championships in the Public Schools Athletic League in nine seasons. He was known as a defensive genius, and had even written a book on how to play defense.
He was the athletic director and head basketball coach at Long Island University (LIU), compiling a 174–94 record in eleven seasons.
Philadelphia 76ers
Rubin left his positions at LIU to sign a three‐year contract to head coach the Philadelphia 76ers on June 15, 1972. He succeeded Jack Ramsay who had resigned three months earlier after the ballclub finished third in the Atlantic Division at 30–52 and missed the playoffs for the first time in franchise history (dating to their time as the Syracuse Nationals from 1946 to 1963). The 76ers were only six years removed from winning an NBA title with the most wins in league history at the time, but had fallen so far that Al McGuire and Adolph Rupp had declined offers to take over the team. The Sixers were so desperate to find a coach that they actually took out an ad in The Philadelphia Inquirer, which was seen by one of Rubin's friends, stockbroker Jules Love.
Rubin joined a team whose only holdover from its championship run six seasons earlier was aging veteran Hal Greer. Rubin's introductory press conference occurred almost simultaneous to the ones held in Charlotte and Greensboro, North Carolina in which Billy Cunningham announced that he was going to play with the American Basketball Association's Carolina Cougars beginning with the upcoming season. An 0–15 start started a watch of just how bad the team could get. It took him a month to get a win, and he would only win three more times after that. After 51 games and a 4–47 record—and while in the midst of what would become a (then)-record 20-game losing streak—Rubin was fired in favor of player-coach Kevin Loughery on January 23, 1973. However, according to ESPN, Rubin had lost the team before then; the players reportedly considered Loughery their on-court leader as early as Christmas.
Several players on the team believed that Rubin was in over his head as an NBA head coach. They claimed he ran sloppy practices and never said anything meaningful during timeouts, halftime or postgame meetings. For example, he suggested that all the players needed to do to get ready for the season was run full-court, one-on-one games for 48 minutes. Years later, one of the players on that team, Fred Carter, said that letting Rubin coach the Sixers was "like letting a teenager run a big corporation." Later, Carter told ESPN that he concluded Rubin wasn't cut out to be an NBA head coach when he was in high spirits after a preseason win over the Eastern Conference finalist Boston Celtics even though the Celtics had mostly played their third stringers.
Tough to Get Help
A month prior to signing with the 76ers, Rubin was one of the producers of the Broadway comedy Tough to Get Help. It was written by Steve Gordon, directed by Carl Reiner, starred John Amos and Dick O'Neill and also featured Abe Vigoda. The comedy was about a black couple who worked as a gardener (Amos) and a cook (Lillian Hayman) for a white liberal advertising executive (O'Neill) and his wife (Billie Lou Watt) and the homecoming of their militant son (John Danelle).
Its reviews were unfavorable. The only criticism from Clive Barnes of The New York Times was directed at Gordon. He explained, "...The play, with interminable and unfunny dream sequences, with dialogue that seems to have been picked up wholesale from a TV situation comedy and characters of no real comic depth or perception, does not have a great deal going for it." His critique was published the day after the comedy opened and closed with only one performance at the Royale Theatre on May 4, 1972.
Later life
Rubin moved to Florida, eventually owned an International House of Pancakes restaurant, and never coached another game of basketball. He died of cancer in Miami in 2013. He was survived by his wife, Marsha.
References
External links
BasketballReference.com: Roy Rubin
1925 births
2013 deaths
Sportspeople from the Bronx
American men's basketball coaches
American men's basketball players
Jewish American sportspeople
Jewish men's basketball players
High school basketball coaches in the United States
LIU Brooklyn Blackbirds men's basketball coaches
Louisville Cardinals men's basketball players
Philadelphia 76ers head coaches
Basketball coaches from New York (state)
21st-century American Jews | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Roy%20Rubin%20%28basketball%29 |
Pieces in a Modern Style is the sixth album by electronic instrumentalist William Orbit. He is credited as arranger, programmer, producer, and performer of the album. It was released in 2000 by WEA and Warner Music UK in Europe and Maverick Records in the United States. Barber's Adagio for Strings was the first single from the album; however, the version played on radio and television was a remix by Ferry Corsten. The album is a fusion of classical music, electronica, ambient music and chill out music and contains no vocals. The Adagio single reached #4 in the UK Singles Chart in December 1999.
The second single was Pavane pour une Infante Défunte. This again had a different arrangement to the album version, but this time was done by Orbit himself. The single reached #31 in the UK Singles Chart in May 2000.
The album was originally released in May 1995 on Orbit's N-Gram Recordings label, credited to Orbit alias The Electric Chamber. This version is not widely available, as it was withdrawn from sale almost immediately when Arvo Pärt objected to its inclusion of his compositions Fratres and Cantus In Memoriam Benjamin Britten. The version issued in 2000 replaced these pieces with works by Beethoven, Vivaldi, Handel and Mascagni, and reached #2 in the UK Album Charts.
A Deutsche Grammophon 2000 release Pieces In The Original Style: Bohemia (Catalogue number 463 450-2) featured the original versions of the tracks on this CD, which included contributions from Anne-Sophie Mutter, Yo-Yo Ma, Gidon Kremer and Mark Seltser; conductors included Leonard Bernstein, Giuseppe Sinopoli and Herbert von Karajan.
In 2010 a follow-up, entitled simply Pieces in a Modern Style 2, was released.
Track listing
Samuel Barber - "Adagio for Strings" – 9:34
John Cage - "In a Landscape" – 2:57
Erik Satie - "Ogive Number 1" – 6:44
Pietro Mascagni - "Cavalleria Rusticana" – 3:19
Maurice Ravel - "Pavane pour une Infante Défunte" – 6:11
Antonio Vivaldi - "L'Inverno" – 3:57
Ludwig van Beethoven - "Triple Concerto" – 5:32
Georg Friedrich Händel - "Xerxes" – 4:42
Henryk Górecki - "Piece in the Old Style 1" – 5:06
Henryk Górecki - "Piece in the Old Style 3" – 5:49
Ludwig van Beethoven - "Opus 132" – 6:14
Limited edition EP also contains:
"Adagio for Strings" (Ferry Corsten Mix) - 6:33
"Adagio for Strings" (ATB Mix) - 7:35
Charts
Weekly charts
Year-end charts
References
2000 albums
William Orbit albums
Albums produced by William Orbit | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pieces%20in%20a%20Modern%20Style |
The Barnsley Public Hall disaster took place on Saturday 11 January 1908 in a public hall in Barnsley, West Riding of Yorkshire, England. It resulted in the deaths of sixteen children. At least 40 others were seriously injured. A number of children were entering the hall to see a show when a staircase became overcrowded, and there was a crush as they tried to get inside. The survivors were taken to Beckett Hospital.
Incident
The accident occurred during a penny performance for children at a public hall in Barnsley, West Riding of Yorkshire, on 11 January 1908. Children from across Barnsley had come to watch a film, walking to the public hall through falling snow. According to news reports at the time, a large number of children showed up, and the hall quickly became overcrowded. With the ground floor seats full, children packed into the gallery to such an extent that the aisles of the gallery were filled and children were pressed against the lower gallery railing. In order to relieve some of the crowding, and concerned about the press of bodies against the gallery railing, an attendant in the hall called for some of the children to descend the stairs to the main floor.
This precipitated a mass rush for the stairs as children pushed to gain access to the ground level. As the crowd surged down the narrow staircase, a number of children fell and were trampled or were crushed by other children. Other children, under pressure from the crowd behind them, had to climb or walk over the fallen children to escape danger. Even children who had not originally joined the stampede became panicked because of the screams of those on the stairs. Theatre attendants and police who were quickly called managed to keep the children on the main floor safe and evacuate them. They then worked to extricate those children who had been injured.
According to a wire news report at the time, "When the reserve police arrived they found the narrow stairway practically blocked with bodies." Many of the victims had broken bones or lacerations as a result of being trampled.
Victims
Of the children in the hall, 16 died and more than 40 were injured. Following the accident, women from across the area rushed to the scene of the disaster trying to find their children. The bodies of the dead were later identified by family members at a local mortuary. Wire services carried news of the disaster far and wide, and newspapers as far away as New York City covered the story, sometimes in a sensational manner and with graphic detail about the injuries of the victims.
Commemoration
The disaster was commemorated on its 100th anniversary, 11 January 2008, with a civic ceremony. During the ceremony, a plaque was unveiled inside the building, now called the Civic, which listed the names of the sixteen victims of the tragedy, all of whom were under the age of ten at the time of their deaths. Among the attendees was a younger sister of two of the victims, now elderly. The town archives have in their research collection memorabilia of the event, including condolence cards and other materials donated by relatives of the victims.
See also
Victoria Hall disaster
Italian Hall disaster
Royal Surrey Gardens
Shouting fire in a crowded theatre
References
Disasters in Yorkshire
Human stampedes in the United Kingdom
1908 in England
History of South Yorkshire
History of Barnsley
1900s in Yorkshire
1908 disasters in the United Kingdom
January 1908 events | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barnsley%20Public%20Hall%20disaster |
Attiya Gamri (born 1972, ) is a Dutch-Assyrian member of the province council of Overijssel in The Netherlands. Gamri is originally from Arbo in Tur Abdin, Turkey.
In 2017 Gamri was the president of the Assyrian Confederation of Europe, a non-governmental organization that represents Assyrians living in the European Union.
In 2021 she became the first woman of Assyrian heritage to contest a national election in Europe.
External links
Attiya Gamri
References
Dutch politicians of Assyrian descent
Living people
Dutch people of Assyrian/Syriac descent
1972 births | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Attiya%20Gamri |
The British Heavyweight Championship is a top British wrestling championship found throughout the country's circuit. The championship was recognised and defended on matches screened by UK national television network ITV as part of the professional wrestling slot on World of Sport as well as standalone broadcasts. Pre-publicity for these championship match broadcasts was given in ITV's nationally published listings magazine TVTimes.
Multiple versions of the British Heavyweight Championship may exist in the wrestling circuit of the United Kingdom at any given time, however some versions have been undisputed by dint of being the only active version during that period. The British Wrestling Association version was undisputed 1930-1934 and 1938-1950. The Joint Promotions version was undisputed 1952-1958, 1966-1974 and 1975-1982. This version was then transferred to All Star Wrestling where it remained undisputed until 1985 and became so again from 1989 until the late 1990s (as smaller, often American-style promotions increasingly set up their own versions).
Title histories
This is the combined list of different versions of the British Heavyweight Titles, each of which was probably the most significant version at the time. Each version may or may not be connected to another. However, all title changes are either actual or "official" unless indicated otherwise.
Key
British Wrestling Association 1930–1950
Disputed claims 1934-1938
Joint Promotions 1952–1982 & 1985–1989
Disputed Branch: British Wrestling Federation 1958–1966
All Star Wrestling 1974, 1982–present
Disputed Branch: The Wrestling Alliance 1999–2003
Footnotes
Universal British Heavyweight Championship
On 10 July 2002 All-Star's Champion, Doug Williams along with other top title holding wrestlers entered into a tournament to be recognised as Universal British Heavyweight Champion by The Wrestling Alliance, Frontier Wrestling Alliance, World Association of Wrestling, All Star Wrestling, and Premier Promotions. Doug Williams would first defeat the then-TWA British Heavyweight Champion, Justin Starr (though Starr would continue to be recognised as champion), before going on to defeat The Zebra Kid in a tournament final to become the Universal British Heavyweight Champion.
The Universal version of this title would not last long with all the promotions splitting out their British Heavyweight titles, but Williams continued to be recognised as the Universal British Heavyweight Champion.
See also
Professional wrestling in the United Kingdom
FWA/XWA British Heavyweight Championship
References
External links
wrestling-titles.com
solie.org (title histories)
Wrestling Information Archive
Heavyweight wrestling championships
Professional wrestling in the United Kingdom
National professional wrestling championships
National championships in the United Kingdom | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/British%20Heavyweight%20Championship |
Subsets and Splits
No community queries yet
The top public SQL queries from the community will appear here once available.