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Sirig () is a village located in the Temerin municipality, in the South Bačka District of Serbia. It is situated in the Autonomous Province of Vojvodina. The village has a Serb ethnic majority and its population numbering 3,010 people (2002 census).
Historical population
1961: 2,269
1971: 2,201
1981: 2,286
1991: 2,542
2002: 3,010
2020: 3700
See also
Kamendin, Sirig
List of places in Serbia
List of cities, towns and villages in Vojvodina
References
Slobodan Ćurčić, Broj stanovnika Vojvodine, Novi Sad, 1996.
External links
temerin.org
Places in Bačka
Populated places in South Bačka District
Temerin | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sirig |
Geist ("spirit") is a German term used in philosophy, in particular by Hegel.
Geist may also refer to:
Arts, entertainment and media
Geist (DC Comics), a superhero appearing in Detective Comics
Geist (Marvel Comics), a supervillain opponent of Wolverine
Geist (magazine), a Canadian literary magazine
Geist (video game), a Nintendo GameCube video game exclusively published by Nintendo
Geist: The Sin-Eaters, a role-playing game published by White Wolf, Inc., involving undead creatures such as ghosts and heists
Geist (album), a 2018 album by The Browning
Geist, a 2021 album by Shannon Lay
Other uses
Geist (liquor), a distilled beverage similar to fruit brandy
Geist (surname)
Geist, Indianapolis, an area in northeastern Indianapolis, Indiana, United States, named after Geist Reservoir, which it surrounds
Geist, the German name for Apața Commune, Braşov County, Romania
Geist (restaurant) restaurant in an NRHP blacksmith building in Nashville Tennessee | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Geist%20%28disambiguation%29 |
The Solina String Ensemble, also marketed as the ARP String Ensemble, is a fully polyphonic multi-orchestral synthesizer with a 49-key keyboard, produced by Eminent BV (known for their Solina brand). It was distributed in the United States by ARP Instruments from 1974 to 1981. The sounds it incorporates are violin, viola, trumpet, horn, cello, and contrabass. The keyboard uses 'organ style' divide-down technology to make it polyphonic. The built-in chorus effect gives the instrument its distinctive sound.
Technology
The core technology is based on the string ensemble section of the Eminent 310 Unique electronic organ in 1972, manufactured by the Dutch company Eminent BV. The main oscillator consists of twelve discrete tone generators with octave divide-down to provide full polyphony; and the built-in triple chorus effect utilizes bucket-brigade devices (BBDs) controlled by two LFOs to create the characteristic vibrato.
Four versions have been released:
SE-I: Mono Output with a permanent chorus effect
SE-II: Mono Output with an ON/OFF switch for the chorus effect
SE-III: Stereo Outputs with a redesigned chorus effect
SE-IV: Stereo Outputs with LEDs added on the front panel
Notable users
The Solina String Ensemble was extensively used by pop, rock, jazz and disco artists of the 1970s, including Richard Wright of Pink Floyd, on albums such as Wish You Were Here (most notably on "Shine On You Crazy Diamond") and Animals, Herbie Hancock, Bernie Worrell, Billy Beck (of Ohio Players), Kerry Livgren (of Kansas), Dennis DeYoung and Eumir Deodato. Parliament used the Solina on several tracks, particularly as a solo instrument on songs such as "Chocolate City", “Give Up the Funk (Tear the Roof Off the Sucker)” and "Flash Light". Elton John used a String Ensemble on his hit song "Someone Saved My Life Tonight", the Rolling Stones in their hit "Fool to Cry", KC & the Sunshine Band in their hit, "Please Don't Go", the Buggles in "Video Killed the Radio Star", Hall & Oates in their cover version of "You've Lost That Lovin' Feeling", and Rick James in "Mary Jane".
In 1975, George Harrison used the ARP on his song "You", and the same year the Bee Gees played it on their hit "Nights on Broadway". Stevie Wonder played the famous string line on Peter Frampton's 1977 ballad "I'm in You". The Solina string sound has also been used by Kim and Ricky Wilde, Brian Eno, Fun Lovin' Criminals, the Cure, Gorillaz, the Chameleons, Carpenters, Joy Division, Neil Young, Air, Anthony Cedric Vuagniaux and Rikk Agnew. Fleetwood Mac keyboardist Christine McVie used it on the band's Heroes Are Hard to Find album, most notably on her song "Come a Little Bit Closer." Brian Wilson of the Beach Boys used it on 15 Big Ones and The Beach Boys Love You, Charly Garcia on Pequeñas anécdotas sobre las instituciones, Porsuigieco, La Máquina de Hacer Pájaros, and with Serú Girán. Regional Mexican band Grupo Yndio had used a Solina in their Spanish-language cover of Leo Sayer's hit "When I Need You" ("Me Haces Falta").
Recreations
Various virtual plugins and VSTs of the Solina String Ensemble exists, such the Solina V by Arturia. Behringer has released an analog hardware clone.
Gallery
See also
ARP String Synthesizer
ARP Instruments
References
Further reading
External links
Retrosound - Pictures and Information about the Solina String Ensemble
Service Informations scanned as PDF-File
ARP synthesizers
String synthesizers
Polyphonic synthesizers
Analog synthesizers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ARP%20String%20Ensemble |
Amelie Kober (born 16 November 1987, in Bad Aibling) is a German Federal Police officer and Olympic medalist in snowboarding.
Biography
At the Junior World Championships 2005 in Zermatt, Switzerland she won silver. In the World Cup she was ranked fifth.
She was the youngest competitor in the Parallel Giant Slalom competition at the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy. Despite a fall during the quarter-finals, she caught up with her competitor and proceeded to the semi-finals and final round, winning silver.
At the FIS Snowboarding World Championships 2007 in Arosa, Switzerland she won silver in the Parallel Giant Slalom competition.
She won the Parallel Giant Slalom competition of the 2009–10 FIS Snowboard World Cup in Sudelfeld, Germany.
Personal life
Kober tells in an interview after the half final of the Snowboard Competition at 2010 Winter Olympics that she is pregnant: "It's true that this season I will not compete more than one race because I'm a mum."
References
External links
1987 births
Living people
People from Bad Aibling
Sportspeople from Upper Bavaria
German female snowboarders
Olympic snowboarders for Germany
Olympic silver medalists for Germany
Olympic bronze medalists for Germany
Snowboarders at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Snowboarders at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Snowboarders at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Olympic medalists in snowboarding
Medalists at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Medalists at the 2014 Winter Olympics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Amelie%20Kober |
Steve Shak (born February 8, 1978 in Cerritos, California) is a retired American soccer player. He currently works for Northwestern Mutual. Previously Shak was an assistant coach with the Charlotte Eagles of the USL Second Division. He also joined the North Carolina State coaching staff as a volunteer assistant coach in 2013.
A former UCLA college standout and Major League Soccer number one draft pick, Shak spent four years in the American top league with the MetroStars and with Colorado Rapids, but with the exception of a brief stint in Sweden, spent the majority of his career in the USL, including extended periods with the Virginia Beach Mariners and the Eagles.
Career
College
Shak played college soccer at UCLA, where he started out as a walk-on and became a starter, helping the Bruins to the College Cup in 1997. He also played for the United States at under-23 level.
Professional
With the MetroStars coming off the worst season in MLS history in 1999, they were given the first pick in the 2000 MLS SuperDraft. Despite Shak being projected to go in the third or fourth round, and such highly rated prospects as Nick Garcia, Carlos Bocanegra, and Danny Califf on the board, the Metrostars drafted Shak as the first overall pick.
Shak spent nearly 2 seasons with the MetroStars, playing on defense as well as midfield, scoring a goal and an assist. He was traded to the Colorado Rapids for Ross Paule at the end of the 2001 season. After playing one minute for the Rapids in 2002 and going on loan to the Hampton Roads Mariners for two games, Shak was released by the Rapids prior to the 2003 season. Shak then signed with the Minnesota Thunder of the USL A-League. In 2004, Shak played for Bodens BK in the Swedish Supperettan (2nd Division). Later in 2004 he returned to the United States and signed with the Virginia Beach Mariners where he captained the team for the 2005 and 2006 seasons. When the Mariners folded in early 2007, Shak switched to the Charlotte Eagles. He made his debut for them on April 20, 2007, scoring one goal in a 4-1 victory over Crystal Palace Baltimore, and subsequently played 51 times for the team before retiring after the end of the 2009 season.
International
In 1999 Shak was a member of the US Olympic Team that won a Bronze medal in the Pan-American Games in Winnipeg, Canada. He started 5 of 6 games for the USA but was later cut from the Olympic Team roster before the 2000 Sydney Olympics. In 2005, Shak was a replacement player during the U.S. national team labor dispute.
References
External links
Charlotte Eagles bio
1978 births
Living people
American men's soccer players
American expatriate men's soccer players
American sportspeople of Chinese descent
Sportspeople from Cerritos, California
Soccer players from California
Bodens BK players
Charlotte Eagles players
Colorado Rapids players
Major League Soccer first-overall draft picks
Major League Soccer players
Minnesota Thunder players
New York Red Bulls players
UCLA Bruins men's soccer players
USL First Division players
USL Second Division players
Virginia Beach Mariners players
A-League (1995–2004) players
New York Red Bulls draft picks
Men's association football midfielders | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steve%20Shak |
The Sacred Heart of Jesus Church is in Fontana, Gozo Island, part of the Maltese Archipelago. It is the parish church of Fontana, one of the smallest villages on the island.
History
The foundation stone was laid on 29 January 1893. The church was dedicated to the Sacred Heart of Jesus on 29 January 1905 by Bishop Giovanni Maria Camilleri. The main altarpiece, showing the Most Sacred Heart of Jesus, was crowned with a golden crown on 18 June 1993, by Bishop Nicholas J. Cauchi, on the occasion of the first centenary of the laying of the church's foundation stone. The main altarpiece is part of Giuseppe Calì's works.
The Fontana parish was established March 27, 1911 by Bishop Giovanni Maria Camilleri.
The church building is listed on the National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands.
See also
Culture of Malta
History of Malta
List of Churches in Malta
Religion in Malta
References
External links
Official parish website
Fontana local council
1893 establishments in Malta
Roman Catholic churches in Malta
Fontana, Gozo
Baroque church buildings in Malta
National Inventory of the Cultural Property of the Maltese Islands | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sacred%20Heart%20of%20Jesus%20Church%2C%20Fontana |
New Marske is a village in the unitary authority of Redcar and Cleveland and the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England, in the region of North East England. Roughly a mile south-west of Marske-by-the-Sea and set on a hillside, it was originally a group of miners' terraced houses.
1966 saw the development of what was originally known as Errington Park Estate the development of which ended in 1984.
New Marske has no railway station, but the closest, Longbeck railway station, links to Saltburn, Middlesbrough and Darlington. New Marske is situated near an area of woodland called Errington Woods, in which are the remains of disused mine workings. There are several farms in the vicinity, and there is a primary school (first opened in the 1970s to replace the old school house) The recent building of housing on the old primary school site has meant that the other school of the village has been extended to cater for the new children and closing of the old school. This new housing reflects the rapid growth of villages in the area.
There is a small row of shops known locally as the 'top shops' due to their position uphill from the older part of the village. This is generally considered the centre of the village.
Another shop is located at the northern end of the village, along with one pub The Yorkshire Lass, a working mens club and a sports club that serve the surrounding area along with a Methodist church and a Church of England parish, St Thomas.
The original mining settlement has recently been commemorated, in the way of a series of plaques placed at various locations, depicting events and scenes of life in the 19th century. Remnants of the mining era remain in the way of disused shafts in Errington Woods. Some have been filled in or covered over, but some are still accessible.
New Marske is the birthplace of Johanna Jackson, the first British woman to win a major race walk title at the 2010 Commonwealth Games.
References
External links
Listed buildings: Fell Briggs Farmhouse, Grewgrass Lane
Redcar and Cleveland
Places in the Tees Valley
Villages in North Yorkshire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/New%20Marske |
Upleatham is a village in the unitary authority of Redcar and Cleveland and the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England. The village was mentioned in the Domesday Book and the name derives from Old English and Old Norse as Upper Slope, in that it was further up the hill than Kirkleatham.
An ironstone seam that was thick was worked beneath the village which meant that some dwellings were lost to subsidence. The mine operated between the 1850s and 1924 with reserves of ironstone being estimated at a little over . The landowner of the time, the Earl of Zetland, allowed the mining company to extract the ironstone from underneath the village provided that the area around the church was left undisturbed. This is why the conservation area in the village is just a small selection of buildings clustered around the church. The arrival of the ironstone mine increased the population of the village from 204 in 1841 to 1,007 in 1861.
It has a small grade II listed church, believed by some to be the smallest in England, although Bremilham Church in Wiltshire is actually slightly smaller. The village is located near New Marske, between Saltburn and Guisborough; there are a few rows of houses which are adjacent to Errington Woods.
References
External links
Redcar and Cleveland
Places in the Tees Valley
Villages in North Yorkshire
Guisborough | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Upleatham |
Gunthorpe is a residential area of the city of Peterborough, in the ceremonial county of Cambridgeshire, England. Since 2015 Gunthorpe has its own ward within Peterborough City Council that also encompasses parts of South Werrington.
Development in Gunthorpe has been ongoing since the 1950s. The new Roman Fields development is in progress across the A15 and will include parks and a new academy. Development at the Roman Fields has been concurrent since 2006.
There has also been activity in the north of Paston which is now Gunthorpe Ridings- a large development dating back to 1982 to 1988 by Wilcon Homes. Previously Wilcon Homes's area office was located on Meal's Gate.
On the primary road going straight through Gunthorpe, there is two shop units, a pub and school. The school being opened as a primary school in 1975 and the 2 shop units and pub all opening with the Wilcon Homes development although the shop units have switched firms multiple times.
Schools
Most primary school students attend Gunthorpe Primary School and Norwood Primary School. Secondary school pupils attend Queen Katherine Academy which is located on the former site of Walton Comprehensive School. Other students attend Ken Stimpsons Community School in new Werrington and the upcoming Manor Drive Academy which will open in 2022 as part of the Roman Fields development.
Civil parish
Gunthorpe became a parish in 1866, on 1 April 1929 it was abolished and merged with Peterborough. In 1921 the parish had a population of 65.
References
Suburbs of Peterborough
Former civil parishes in Cambridgeshire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gunthorpe%2C%20Peterborough |
, also known as Ouchi Sakyo-no-Tayu, was a Muromachi period samurai clan head and military leader.
Yoshirio was the second son of Ōuchi Hiroyo, and a member of the Ōuchi clan which served under Ashikaga Takauji. The Ōuchi became known as the shugo of Suō and Nagato in 1363 for assisting the Ashikaga against many other opponents. Yoshihiro along with his father both also assisted Imagawa Sadayo in his Kyūshū campaign. After Yoshihiro's father died during the year of 1379, Yoshihiro and his brother both became involved in a power struggle. Yoshihiro ended up defeating his brother at Sakariyama in 1380. During the year of 1391, in the name of the shōgun, Ashikaga Yoshimitsu, Yoshihiro led an army against the Southern Court adherents in the Capital region. Due to Yoshihiro's actions, Yoshimitsu awarded him with two more provinces.
Yoshihiro's greatest contribution to the Ashikaga took place during the year of 1392, When Yoshihiro convinced the Southern Court Emperor to surrender, thus bringing to a close the Nanboku-chō period, also known as the Northern and Southern Courts period. Afterwards, the shogun told Yoshihiro to build him a villa at Kitayama. Yoshihiro thought this was an unreasonable demand. Due to this ironic fact, the Ōuchi revolted against the Bakufu. Yoshihiro was supported by many other Shugo, and withdrew his forces from Kyoto to the city of Sakai. The shogun, Yoshimitsu however wanted to solve the problem peacefully, but Yoshiro insisted on fighting. Due to this fact, the shogun made the first move. Yoshimitsu gathered the armies of Hatakeyama, Hosokawa, and the Shiba, and moved to the land of Sakai. Yoshihiro however made an agreement with some Inland Sea pirates to create a naval blockade against the enemy forces.
Yoshimitsu was then assisted by Ashikaga Mitsukane who promised that he would assist him. All was not going well for Yoshihiro due to his Iwami and Izumi troops proving to be unreliable. Due to this fact, Yoshihiro's army seemed generally stubborn and incompetent. During the 12th month of 1399 Bakufu troops managed to set fire to the city, and Yoshihiro ended up having to commit suicide to avoid the invading forces under Yoshimitsu. Apart from military actions, Yoshihiro was involved with trading between China and worked towards securing Ōuchi dominance in that area.
See also
Ouchi Yoshihiro
Ouchi Yoshihiro
Ouchi Yoshihiro
Ōuchi clan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/%C5%8Cuchi%20Yoshihiro |
Dormanstown is an area of Redcar in the borough of Redcar and Cleveland and the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England.
Named after and built by the Dorman Long iron and steelworks in the 20th century, the area was originally built on the doorstep of the popular seaside town Redcar, for Dorman's hundreds of steel workers and their families. The company built the Sydney Harbour Bridge and the steelworks was for some time considered the best in the world. The workers were well looked after by Dorman and it brought new opportunities and wealth for the people of the area. Dormanstown is also the site of Arriva North East's main bus depot for the Redcar area.
Now steeped in history, Dormanstown has evolved into a small suburb of Redcar with most of the privately owned houses being built during the 1960s. During the 1970s and 1980s, Dormanstown may have been considered one of the poorer areas of Redcar, with little investment and low employment rates which began to give Dormanstown an undeserved reputation with others in the Redcar area. However, as Redcar grew in popularity throughout the 1990s and 2000s, Dormanstown has seen a wealth of investment and regeneration from the local council and businesses, which has made it much more a part of Redcar and a far more desirable place to live. Most residents now privately own their properties, old council estates are disappearing rapidly (as is the case for most of Redcar) and modern G2 apartments have recently been built in the years 2007/2008 specifically aimed at the younger generations in the area to aid them into the local housing market.
Redcar is seeing a lot of development at the moment and Dormanstown is very much a part of this. New schools and colleges, a new library with free to use PCs and internet access sponsored by the Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation, cleaner streets, new street lighting, installation of brand new double glazing windows and doors for council houses, modern neighbourhood watch schemes and new shopping outlets. Today, this suburb of Redcar is very much a part of the evolving Redcar area and a popular relocation choice for young professionals buying their first house and starting out in work in the area.
History
In 1917 building began to house the workmen of the Dorman Long iron and steelworks which was founded by Sir Arthur John Dorman. Previous to this the only house in Dormanstown was Westfield House. The first 300 houses built were designed by the architects Stanley Davenport Adshead (1868–1946), Stanley Ramsey (1882–1968), and Professor Patrick Abercrombie (1879–1957) and were designed and laid out as a Garden Village. A railway track was laid where Ennis Road now stands, and was used to bring materials from Dorman Long iron and steelworks to build the houses.
The building of Dormanstown Village was completed in 1920 and had enough housing for 342 families. Three of the streets were named after the architects (Adshead, Ramsey and Abercrombie). Dormanstown Village was built because of the increased amount of labour needed in Dorman Long iron and steelworks to manufacture munitions for the UK in World War I.
The first school in Dormanstown was a tiny green tin hut built on The Green. Dormanstown's first junior school (Clara Lady Dorman School) was opened in May 1926 by Lady Clara Dorman. The school catered for 400 pupils and at the opening ceremony a class of school children sang two songs which were Green Lanes of England and Jerusalem the Golden. The guests invited to the opening ceremony were so impressed by the class that they were invited to Councillor Lonsdale's café as a thank you for their performance.
In 1931 a set of four blocks of cottages were built for pensioners. The block of twenty cottages called Dormans Crescent are Grade II listed buildings, as they have the distinction of being the first homes in England to be constructed for local senior citizens. A plaque was made for this occasion and was laid onto a house in Dorman Crescent by Mrs Arthur Dorman on 3 January 1931.
Dormanstown had a cinema named The Majestic, but it was known locally as "The Bug and Flea". Admission cost sixpence for benches and seats cost ninepence. The Majestic was similar to a modern-day community centre, as it also catered for events other than cinema showings.
In 1935 All Saints' Church was built.
In 1938 building of St. William's Catholic Church, designed by architect F. Spink of Bridlington, started and was finished in 1939. St. William's Church was built for the large population of Catholics living in Dormanstown at that time. The church, which replaced an old army hut from Westfield Way, was built in the early Christian style. It is of red brick and stone and has a square tower and a Lady chapel; it has space for 450 people. When it was completed the new church dedicated to St William became a separate Parish. Its foundation stone was laid on 28 September 1938 by the Right Reverend Monsignor Canon R. Sullivan. On the church's 50th anniversary in 1989 it was consecrated by Bishop Harris.
In 1935 the Methodist Chapel was built using money from public donations. It was a community centre for Dormanstown and was used for worship, boy scouts, girl guides, discos, meetings, raffles and as a place to go for a cup of tea and biscuits. It was demolished in 1997 as it was deemed to be unsafe.
On 17 December 1942 a returning Lancaster bomber was caught up in a raid and shot down in error by the Bofors gunners at Warrenby. The entire crew of seven were killed when the plane crashed near Middle Farm, Dormanstown.
In 1967 Dorman Long iron and steelworks became a part of British Steel Corporation BSC.
On Thursday 13 May 2004 a Sure Start Centre was opened on South Avenue by the Minister for Children, Margaret Hodge. The building was previously used as a National Health Service clinic. It is a playing and learning centre to be used by young children.
On 17 September 2007 planning permission was granted to Coast and Country Housing by Redcar and Cleveland Council to demolish parts of the small industrial estate located on the west side of Dormanstown; the houses to be demolished included 2–36 Hobson Avenue, 4-52/3-23 Howcroft Avenue and 10–16 Hutton Grove. These streets have now been demolished and cleared with only a small grass field in its place.
The Dormanstown Delegates Jazz Band
The Dormanstown Delegates was a Juvenile jazz band which started c. 1976. Popular in the 1970s, Juvenile Jazz Bands were made up of children, and didn't play jazz – by any stretch of the imagination – but instead played popular marches using kazoos, drums, glockenspiels, marimbas, cymbals and xylophones. The children often practised on the local fields, such as the field behind All Saints Church on South Avenue. The Dormanstown Delegates travelled the country, in a blue and red, double decker bus, to perform their marches throughout the UK. In July 2005, a carnival was held in Dormanstown, at which the Dormanstown Delegates performed; the carnival was held on a field known locally as "the rec" short for (Dormanstown Recreation Ground), situated next to the road opposite Coatham Marsh.
The Dorlonco Houses
Dorlonco houses are steel framed houses designed by Adshead, Ramsey and Abercrombie and built using steel produced by the Dorman Long iron and steelworks. They were neo-Georgian in style. The first of the Dorlonco houses were built in Dormanstown (1919) to house the Dormon Long Steelworkers and were demolished in the year 1979.
The sizing and placement of window and door openings satisfied the expectation of standardisation and simplification that had become an orthodoxy during the war years, and was also well suited to systemised building. Internal linings are very robust, consisting of a leaf of clinkerblock work, plastered on the inner face, whilst intermediate floors are of concrete on metal lath reinforcement. As a result, the houses give the impression of being extremely solidly built. The steel frame was designed to accept a number of different claddings, from conventional brickwork to render on a metal lath.
The Green
The Green named after the Egyptian Sun god Wadjet (the Green One) is a design created by Stanley Davenport Adshead who was renowned for his exquisite craftsmanship and the Baroque building style. The Green is a road layout which forms the shape of the Sun rising above the horizon. It is surrounded by eleven houses on its west side and eleven houses on its east side. Its horizon is represented as South Avenue and Maxwell Place represents the Sun at twelve mid-day. Consequently, each side of the Green is marked by two roads. On its east side there is a road named Broadway East and on its west side there is a road named Broadway West.
Foxrush Farm Community Woodland
Foxrush Farm Community Woodland is situated just outside Redcar on the southern edge of Dormanstown, it is 45 hectares in size. On its east side sits Kirkleatham Lane and on its west sits Meggitts Lane. In 1997 it was planted with a mixture of trees. It was originally part of the Kirkleatham Estate which was property of the Turner Family. The Turner family were responsible for an improvement in farming methods by building farmsteads within the land which meant that people could live in and farm an area, rather than having to travel to the fields from the village. The Foxrush Farm buildings date back to the mid 18th century it is now owned by Saltburn Animal Rescue Association (SARA). The land would have probably been very wet and marshy until the 17th century when drainage began. A grid iron network of ditches was developed which drain into the Tees at Dabholm. They still remain at the site today and are bordered by hedges planted in the medieval times.
At the north side of the farm lies an archaeological site which was first noticed in pictures taken in 1990 from an aerial viewpoint. Crop marks, which show up as darker features, indicated a rectangular ditch enclosure typical of the Iron Age period, 2000 years ago. Geophysical surveys indicated that the site extended over a larger area than the photographs suggested and that there may have been industrial activity taking place. Between 2002 and 2006, archaeological excavations took place, including two weeks of school visits followed by a family open day on the last Sunday. Tees Archaeology managed the excavation with support from the Teesside Archaeological Society. Many local volunteers assisted with the archaeology.
Archaeologists have established the extent of the external ditch feature discovered in 2002. Two distinct areas of the settlement were noted. To the north of the farm, several features including a spread of burnt material containing clay structures indicated an industrial area. The features in this area appear to represent the entrance to an enclosure within the larger enclosure. The original entrance through two large ditch terminals was redefined over a long period of time with a series of smaller ditches, posts and pits. The area seems have been used for dumping a large quantity of burnt material, possibly from metal working, but it is difficult to say whether this was a deliberate act, or just the use of some handy holes for getting rid of the rubbish. On the edge of this were two large pits containing large stone blocks and several postholes, which may have been foundations for a building.
At the east side of the present day farmhouse a large roundhouse was discovered, with daub from the walls still in situ. A theory about the house was that it had been extended into its original external drainage ditch, hence the existence of a wall below floor level. Another roundhouse was found in 2004, located north of the one excavated previously. The way they faced would enable the sunrise to shine into the house and waken the family, as there were no windows. Their doorways are on the eastern side, which would have been covered by skins rather than a wooden door. A ditch ran between the two houses, which could have functioned similarly to a garden fence of today. Another small ditch was found containing the sherds of a complete pottery crucible which was used for metal working, fragments of bronze were still stuck on its inside.
References
External links
Dormanstown Primary School
Coast and Country Housing
Dormanstown on Google Maps
Dormanstown Documentary (1995) on YouTube
Arriva bus crash at Dormanstown play park on YouTube
Dormanstown History
Sure Start Childrens Centre
St.Williams Catholic Church
Villages in North Yorkshire
Redcar and Cleveland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dormanstown |
Lazenby is a village in the unitary authority of Redcar and Cleveland and the ceremonial county of North Yorkshire, England.
It is located just off the A174, a 2-minute drive away from Eston. Lazenby is very small, and has just one general store, one pub and a social club.
History
Lazenby was named in the Domesday Book of 1086, depicted as an ancient village of Viking origins. During the reign of William the Conqueror the land was rented at one sovereign per year. In the Domesday book Lazenby was pronounced Leisinchbi. William De Percy, who owned land at Whitby Abbey, ploughed fields around the area, having been granted sole rites by the King at the time. The inhabitants mainly worked the land of the Lord of the Manor of Wilton. This did not alter for over 750 years until ironstone was found in the Eston Hills and people from out of the area came to settle in the village. The natives of the village realised that more could be earned in the mines and so abandoned agriculture and went to work in the mines.
More recently used as location for outdoor scenes during the filming of BBC drama 'Lark Rise to Candleford'.
In 1841 there were 57 people living in Lazenby, but by 1881 this had risen to 501. In 1867, a school was built by the Lowther family who owned Wilton Castle and affiliated to the Church of England. This remained the school until it was handed over to the village trustees in 1961, after which it became the village hall, as it is today.
From 1841 until 1871, Lazenby had a railway station on the Middlesbrough to Redcar line.
References
External links
Redcar and Cleveland
Places in the Tees Valley
Villages in North Yorkshire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lazenby |
Gonzalo Carrera is a Spanish keyboard player who has performed in several progressive rock bands. He is best known as a former member of the British progressive rock bands Landmarq (2002–2005) and more recently Karnataka (2005–2010).
Carrera has also previously worked with Spanish progressive rock band Galadriel and British-American progressive rock band Quasar, as well as on solo projects by former members of Hawkwind (Huw Lloyd-Langton), Jethro Tull (Clive Bunker and Glenn Cornick), Karnataka (Nick May), The Nice (David O'List), and Yes (Peter Banks).
Carrera is currently recording a new album with the London fusion outfit Infusion. The band consists of Carrera (keyboards), Danny Berdichewskie (guitars), Rob Statham (bass; has previously worked with Keith Emerson and Nucleus) and Olie Usiskin (drums). Guests on the album include drummer Pete Cater, guitarist John Etheridge (formerly of Soft Machine), arranger and trombonist Mike Gibbs (who has worked with Jan Akkerman, Peter Gabriel, Mahavishnu Orchestra, and Jaco Pastorius), saxophonist John Helliwell (Supertramp), cellist Hugh McDowell (formerly of Electric Light Orchestra), and flautist Rowland Sutherland.
Sources
MySpace page
Infusion webpage
3 of the Essence tour with Whimwise
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people)
Spanish people of Basque descent
Spanish rock musicians
Spanish keyboardists | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gonzalo%20Carrera |
Oak Grove Lutheran School is a private, Lutheran school for students in pre-Kindergarten through grade 12 in Fargo, North Dakota. It was founded in 1906. Oak Grove began as school that housed mostly Norwegian schoolgirls.
History
In March 2009, the permanent dike surrounding the school was breached by the Red River, causing the school to relocate operations for the remainder of the school year.
Athletics
Oak Grove competes in the North Dakota High School Activities Association. Oak Grove offers baseball, basketball, golf, track and field, and volleyball. In conjunction with other Fargo schools, it also offers softball, cross country, ice hockey, soccer, swimming and diving, tennis, wrestling, and gymnastics.
Fine arts
Oak Grove students begin participating in music programs in elementary school. Students participate in choirs K-12. Elementary students can perform in the choir squad alongside their general music classes. Starting in 5th grade, students can participate in school bands. Middle school has both a general choir and an auditioned honor choir, and high school specialty choirs include concert choir, chapel choir, madrigals, and carolers.
Activities
The Oak Grove Lutheran School chess team is open to anyone in grades 1-12 and is active in the fall, winter and spring. The speech team is active in the winter and spring and open to students in grades 7-12.
References
External links
Oak Grove Lutheran School website
Education in Fargo–Moorhead
Lutheran schools in North Dakota
Private high schools in North Dakota
North Dakota High School Activities Association (Class B)
North Dakota High School Activities Association (Class AA Football)
Educational institutions established in 1906
Schools in Cass County, North Dakota
Private elementary schools in North Dakota
Private middle schools in North Dakota
Buildings and structures in Fargo, North Dakota
1906 establishments in North Dakota | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Oak%20Grove%20Lutheran%20School |
The Faculty of Engineering of UMons (French: Faculté Polytechnique de Mons (FPMs)) is a faculty of engineering at the University of Mons in the Wallonia region in Belgium.
Before the 2009 merger of the Faculté Polytechnique de Mons and the University of Mons-Hainaut, the FPMs was the oldest university of the city of Mons and the first civil Engineering school in Belgium (1836). Its first name was École des Mines (Mining School). It is a member of the Top Industrial Managers for Europe (TIME) network, an association of 50 leading engineering schools and faculties in Europe. On January 1, 2009, the Engineering Faculty of Mons and the University of Mons-Hainaut merged into a new university called the University of Mons (UMons).
The Faculty organizes a five-year course and delivers the Engineering (Ir.) and Master of Science (MSc.) degree. An Applied Sciences Doctoral degree (Dr.) is also available at the FPMs.
Teaching
As of 2005 there were 1200 students at the faculty, with 170 diplomas issued per year. Diplomas offered at the faculty include:
BSc. in engineering
MSc. in engineering (Architecture, Chemistry, Electricity, Computer and Management, Mechanics, Mining and Geology).
Dr. in Applied Sciences
Research
Research teams at the faculty work in 25 laboratories over four research centres: Multitel, Materia Nova, Inisma, and CETIC.
International partnerships
The faculty has 50 Erasmus partners, and 25 direct partnerships with foreign universities. It is a member of the TIME network, and offers double degrees with institutes including:
Technische Universität Wien
Ecole Centrale de Lille
Ecole Centrale de Lyon
Ecole Centrale de Marseille
Ecole Centrale de Nantes
École nationale supérieure de l'aéronautique et de l'espace
École supérieure d'électricité
Politecnico di Milano
Universidad Politécnica de Madrid
Notes and references
See also
Science and technology in Wallonia
University Foundation
Initialis Science Park
Science Parks of Wallonia
External links
Official web site
TCTS Lab, FPMs
Defunct universities and colleges in Belgium
University of Mons
Educational institutions established in 1837
1837 establishments in Belgium
Engineering universities and colleges in Belgium | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Facult%C3%A9%20polytechnique%20de%20Mons |
Miroslav Táborský (born 9 November 1959 in Prague, Czechoslovakia) is a Czech actor who has appeared on Czech television series, as well as in American movies.
Táborský studied physics at the University of Hradec Králové, and then graduated from the Theatre Faculty of the Academy of Performing Arts in Prague (DAMU) in 1987. Táborský has received both an Alfréd Radok Award (1997) and a Goya Award (1998, Category Best New Actor, La niña de tus ojos). He is also known as the voice actor for Holly in the Czech dub of Red Dwarf.
Filmography
Barefoot (2017)
Stuck with a Perfect Woman (2016)
Goat Story with Cheese 2012 – 3D animated movie
Borgia (2011) – Cardinal Gianbattista Orsini
2Bobule (2009)
Goat Story – The Old Prague Legends 2008 – 3D animated movie
Grapes (2008)
The Dresser by Ronald Harwood, Divadlo v Dlouhé theatre (2002) – The Dresser
Twelfth Night, or What You Will, Summer Shakespeare Festival at Prague Castle (2005) – Feste
Close to Heaven (2005)
Hostel (2005)
The Brothers Grimm (2005)
Jak básníci neztrácejí naději (2004)
Eurotrip (2004)
Tmavomodrý svět (2001)
Frank Herbert's Dune (2000, miniseries) – Count Hasimir Fenring
La niña de tus ojos (1998) – interpreter Václav Passer – Goya Award for Best New Actor
Snow White: A Tale of Terror (1997)
Lotrando a Zubejda (1996)
References
External links
1959 births
Living people
Czech male television actors
Czech male film actors
Czech male voice actors
Male actors from Prague
Academy of Performing Arts in Prague alumni
20th-century Czech male actors
21st-century Czech male actors | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Miroslav%20T%C3%A1borsk%C3%BD |
VMO can refer to:
Vlaamse Militanten Order (the Order of Flemish militants)
Vastus medialis obliquus (a muscle)
VMO, maximum operating speed of an aircraft, see V speeds
VMO, designation of observation squadrons of the US Marine Corps
'Views my own' – a disclaimer
Vanishing mean oscillation in mathematics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/VMO |
Karen Irving is a Canadian writer. Irving is the author of the Katy Klein mystery novel series.
Born in Victoria, British Columbia, Irving was educated at Dalhousie University, the University of Ottawa and Carleton University, where she received her master's degree in Social Work in 1988.
Irving is known for her Katy Klein series of mystery novels. Set in Ottawa, Ontario, it revolves around the central themes of Jewish culture and astrology. The series follows the adventures of Katy Klein, former staff psychologist turned astrologer, Jewish single mother of a militant teen vegetarian, and reluctant amateur detective.
Pluto Rising (1999), the first in the series, was nominated for the Arthur Ellis Award for Best First Novel by the Crime Writers of Canada. The film rights to the series have been optioned by a Canadian production company, and the books have been translated into Italian and Chinese.
Following Raincoast Books' 2005 decision, the Katy Klein series has been put on hold indefinitely.
Irving currently resides in Ottawa, Ontario.
Bibliography
Pluto Rising. Vancouver: Polestar, 1999.
Jupiter's Daughter. Vancouver: Raincoast, 2000.
Mars Eclipsed. Vancouver: Raincoast, 2001.
1957 births
Living people
Carleton University alumni
Canadian women novelists
20th-century Canadian novelists
21st-century Canadian novelists
Canadian mystery writers
Writers from Victoria, British Columbia
Writers from Ottawa
20th-century Canadian women writers
21st-century Canadian women writers
Women mystery writers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Karen%20Irving |
Collin Walcott (April 24, 1945 – November 8, 1984) was an American musician who worked on jazz and world music.
Early life
Walcott was born in New York City, United States. He studied violin and tympani in his youth, and was a percussion student at Indiana University. After graduating in 1966, he went to the University of California, Los Angeles, and studied sitar under Ravi Shankar and tabla under Alla Rakha.
Later life and career
According to critic Scott Yanow of AllMusic, Walcott was "one of the first sitar players to play jazz". Walcott moved to New York and played "a blend of bop and oriental music with Tony Scott" in 1967–69. Around 1970 he joined the Paul Winter Consort and co-founded the band Oregon. These groups, along with the trio Codona, which was founded in 1978, combined "jazz improvisation and instrumentation with elements of a wide range of classical and ethnic music".
Walcott also played on the Miles Davis 1972 album On the Corner, had three releases under his own name on ECM Records, and taught at the Naropa Institute in Boulder, Colorado.
Walcott was killed in a bus crash in Magdeburg, East Germany, on November 8, 1984, while on a tour with Oregon.
Author David James Duncan wrote retrospectively in 1996 about an Oregon concert he attended in Cascade Head in his piece "My One Conversation with Collin Walcott". Duncan described Walcott as sitting in "buddha-style" on stage, surrounded by instruments. Along with an electronic drum kit "to his north", Walcott "had five different tablas to his south, a sitar to his east and a bewildering semicircle of rattles, chimes, clackers, bells, whistles, finger-drums, triangles and unnameable noisemakers to his west. He was the first Western 'jazz' percussionist I'd ever seen sit flat on the floor like an East Indian."
Discography
As leader
Cloud Dance (1976) ECM 1062
Grazing Dreams (1977) ECM 1096
Dawn Dance (1981) ECM 1198 (with Steve Eliovson)
Works (compilation) (1988) ECM/Polygram 837 276
With Oregon
Our First Record CD (1970) Universe 42
Music of Another Present Era CD (1973) Vanguard VMD-79326
Winter Light CD (1974) Vanguard VMD 79350
Distant Hills CD (1974) Vanguard VMD-79341
In Concert CD (1975) Universe 25
Together (w/Elvin Jones) CD (1976) Universe 9
Friends CD (1977) Vanguard 79370-2
Out of the Woods CD (1978) Discovery 71004
Violin CD (1978) Universe 40
Moon and Mind CD (1979) Vanguard VMD 79419
Roots in the Sky CD (1979) Discovery 71005
In Performance CD (1980) Wounded Bird Records 304
Oregon (ECM, 1983)
Crossing (ECM, 1984)
With Codona
Codona (recd.1978, pbl.4/1979) ECM 1132
Codona 2 (recd.1980, pbl.2/1981) ECM 1177
Codona 3 (recd.1982, pbl.2/1983) ECM 1243
With The Rainbow Band
The Rainbow Band (Elektra, 1971)
As sideman
Within his brief career Walcott played with a range of different musicians of different styles and contributed to the following albums:
With David Amram
Subway Night (RCA Victor, 1973)
With Bobby Callender
Rainbow (MGM Records, 1968)
With Don Cherry
Hear & Now (Atlantic, 1977)
With Larry Coryell
The Restful Mind (Vanguard, 1975)
With Cosmology
Cosmology (Elektra, 1971)
With David Darling
Cycles (ECM, 1981)
With Miles Davis
On the Corner (Columbia, 1972)
With Rachel Faro
Refugees (RCA Victor, 1974)
With Cyrus Faryar
Cyrus (Elektra, 1971)
Islands (Elektra, 1972)
With Egberto Gismonti
Sol do Meio Dia (ECM, 1978)
With Tim Hardin
Bird on a Wire (Columbia 1971)
With Richie Havens
Richard P. Havens, 1983 (Verve, 1969)
With Dave Liebman
Drum Ode (ECM, 1974)
With Alan Lorber Orchester
The Lotus Palace (Big Beat Records, 1967)
With Meredith Monk
Key (Increase/Lovely Music, 1971)
Our Lady of Late (Minona/WERGO, recd. 1972, publ. 1973)
Dolmen Music (ECM, 1981)
Turtle Dreams (ECM, 1983)
With Jim Pepper
Comin' and Goin' (Rykodisc, 1983)
With Vasant Rai
Spring Flowers (Universe, 1976)
Autumn Song (Universe, 1978)
With Alla Rakha
Tabla Solo (Vanguard, 1977)
With Tony Scott
Music for Yoga Meditation and Other Joys (Verve, 1968)
Tony Scott (Verve, 1970)
With Titos Sompa
Yao! Titos Sompa with the Tanawa Dance Company (Vanguard, 1978) [production only]
With Ralph Towner
Trios / Solos (ECM, 1973) with Glen Moore
With Barry Wedgle
Kake (Wonderful World Records, 1982)
With Elyse Weinberg
Elyse (Orange Twin, 1968)
With Paul Winter
Road (A&M, 1971)
Icarus (Epic, 1972)
See also
Sitar in jazz
References
External links
Official website
1945 births
1984 deaths
Appalachian dulcimer players
Sitar players
Indiana University alumni
UCLA School of the Arts and Architecture alumni
Pupils of Ravi Shankar
ECM Records artists
Road incident deaths
Death in East Germany
Oregon (band) members
Paul Winter Consort members
Codona members | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collin%20Walcott |
Grünstadt () is a town in the Bad Dürkheim district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany with roughly 13,200 inhabitants. It does not belong to any Verbandsgemeinde – a kind of collective municipality – but is nonetheless the administrative seat of the Verbandsgemeinde of Leiningerland.
Geography
Location
The town lies in the Leiningerland (the lands once held by the Counts of Leiningen) on the northern border of the Palatinate Forest about 10 km north of Bad Dürkheim, 15 km southwest of Worms and 20 km northwest of Ludwigshafen at the point where the German Wine Route crosses the Autobahn A 6. Grünstadt belongs to the “Unterhaardt” a landscape with submediterranean character as the geographer Christophe Neff wrote in his paysages blog. The town's landmark mountain is the so-called Grünstadter Berg.
Climate
Yearly precipitation in Grünstadt amounts to 529 mm, which is very low, falling into the lowest tenth of the precipitation chart for all Germany. Only at 7% of the German Weather Service's weather stations are even lower figures recorded. The driest month is February. The most rainfall comes in June. In that month, precipitation is 1.7 times what it is in February. Precipitation hardly varies throughout the year, however. At 15% of the weather stations, lower seasonal swings are recorded.
Constituent communities
Besides the main town of Grünstadt itself, which has some 10,000 inhabitants, there are two outlying centres within town limits, the Ortsteile of Asselheim (about 1,300 inhabitants) and Sausenheim (about 2,300 inhabitants).
History
Early history until first documentary mention
The Grünstadt area is an ancient centre of culture. Within the town's modern limits, hunters from the Middle Stone Age, about 5000 BC, left their traces, as did farmers from the New Stone Age about 2000 BC. From the Bronze Age (1500-750 BC), Hallstatt times (700-450 BC) and La Tène times (450 BC – 1) come both remnants of settlements and archaeological finds.
In Roman times until AD 450 there were three inhabited centres, one of which was near today's Peterspark. This is one of Grünstadt's “seeds”, and it was also settled in the Merovingian and Frankish periods. It was here that the Romans buried their dead, the Christian Franks later taking over. There were quite likely a Roman burgus (a Latin word borrowed from the Germanic whose root also yields the German Burg ["castle"] and the English borough [originally "fortified town"]; it was a kind of small, towerlike fortification) and a temple complex that later became a church. Also here, about 800, the Alsatian Weißenburg Monastery (which lay in what is now Wissembourg, France) owned a church consecrated to Saint Peter with a parish estate – the latter of which gives a clue as to the town's importance – a lordly estate with great outbuildings and 14 farms.
At roughly the same time, there still stood a southern centre in the area around the Martinskirche (Saint Martin's Church) that belonged to the Glandern (or Lungenfeld) Monastery near Metz, and it is believed that there was a further settlement between the two. Grünstadt at first developed gradually from these three centres, one of which – apparently the southernmost – went back to a Frankish clan chief by the name of “Grimdeo” or “Grindeo”. Although the first syllable in the town's name – grün – happens to be the German word for “green”, modern linguistic research has unambiguously shown that the name does not derive from this root at all. The green municipal coat of arms introduced in the 19th century and the town colours, green and white, that were derived from it in 1928 therefore lack any historical basis.
875 to 1500
Grünstadt – or rather the southern settlement around Saint Martin's – had its first documentary mention on 21 November 875, when King Louis the German restored this estate to the Glandern Monastery near Metz. The place was already called Grinstat in this document, and the ownership rights already went back further, as they were only being restored. This settlement, therefore, was considerably older than that 875 document, which had nothing to say about the estate's buildings. It is assumed to have been a monastery estate with a small church, out of which grew first a Benedictine priory which was newly built several times, and then today's Protestant Saint Martin's Church, with the burial place of the House of Leiningen-Westerburg.
At roughly the same time, about 900, the northern settlement belonging to the Weißenburg Monastery (near today's Peterspark) was recorded in that institution's directory of holdings, even describing it in depth, with the holdings already mentioned (church, parish estate, manor house and many buildings), which point to an already great age for the village even then. The settlement later vanished or perhaps moved to the south to join the other two. Saint Peter's Church (Peterskirche) and its graveyard, whose beginnings could well go back to Roman times, were nevertheless kept on into the 19th century as a religious centre and necropolis, even though they lay far outside the later town of Grünstadt. In 1819, the church, which was more than 1,000 years old, was torn down, and the ancient patronage "St. Peter" then passed to the Capuchin church (now the Catholic parish church). The graveyard was closed only in 1874 and converted into today's Peterspark.
In 1155, Grünstadt was named in a document from Emperor Friedrich I Barbarossa in which he donated the holdings there to the Ramsen Monastery. In 1218, Pope Honorius III confirmed the Glandern Monastery's ownership of Saint Martin's Church in Grünstadt. In 1245, Pope Innocent IV certified the Höningen Monastery's holdings in Grünstadt. About 1300, the Weißenburg Monastery enfeoffed the Counts of Leiningen with its holdings in Grünstadt.
1500 to 1700
From 1481 to 1505, Grünstadt belonged to the Palatinate, and then once again to the Leiningens, who in 1549 were also enfeoffed with the Glandern Monastery's holdings there (the southern part around Saint Martin's). It was not until 1735 that the Leiningens managed to acquire this property formerly belonging to the Glandern or Lungenfeld Monastery as their own.
In 1556, Emperor Karl V granted the municipality market rights, raising it from village to market town. The year before this one, Count Philipp I of Leiningen had introduced the obligatory practice of the Lutheran faith in his county and forbidden the other Christian denominations, namely Roman Catholicism and Reformed.
In 1573, Henry III of France, then King of Poland, spent the night in Grünstadt.
In 1596 and 1597, the Plague raged in Grünstadt, killing more than 250 inhabitants in a short time.
Beginning in 1610, the Counts were having coins struck in Grünstadt, and established a mint.
In the time of the Thirty Years' War, the town was spared any major destruction; however, the Plague once again beset the townsfolk between 1625 and 1629. Many of them died or left the area. For a time, Spanish soldiers were quartered in Grünstadt.
In 1673, Count Ludwig Eberhardt of Leiningen converted to the Catholic faith and thereafter granted Catholics tolerance in his county. He had the Capuchins come there, who soon founded a monastery from which arose today's Catholic parish church and the monastery building.
In 1689, in the Nine Years' War (known in Germany as the Pfälzischer Erbfolgekrieg, or War of the Palatine Succession), the French burnt the town down, which is why there are only a few traces of pre-Baroque architecture in town.
It was only in 1689 that the long overdue reform to the Gregorian Calendar was implemented in Grünstadt and the rest of the county, heretofore having been boycotted for religious reasons because it was instituted by Pope Gregory XIII.
1700 to 1800
Since both the family castles of Altleiningen and Neuleiningen had also been burnt down, the two comital lines both settled in Grünstadt beginning in 1700, made it a common residence town and took turns ruling. The Altleiningers had the old Glandern monasterial estate near Saint Martin's Church expanded into a palatial residence and called it Schloß Unterhof, while the Neuleiningers built the stately Baroque Schloß Oberhof not far away. For about 100 years, Grünstadt remained the capital of the county of Leiningen-Westerburg.
In 1726, the first Reformed church service was held in Grünstadt. In the time that followed, the Reformed Church's followers were subjected to great oppression, mainly by the Lutheran clergy. They were not allowed to build their own church, and they were even forbidden to bury their dead at the local graveyard. They were instead buried in a barn, where the community also met for its services. The Reformed Schultheiß and master tanner Johann Peter Schwartz, especially, put himself forth as the group's spokesman to defend against this treatment. He wrote to royalty (for instance, King Frederick II of Prussia) and eventually forced formal tolerance of the Reformed Church in the county. Not far from his house (which still bears the initials “JPS” today), on the same spot where their old barn had stood, the Reformed Church's followers built themselves their own church in 1740, which is now known as the Friedenskirche (“Church of Peace”).
In 1729, Count Georg Hermann at Leiningen-Westerburg-Altleiningen founded a Latin school in Grünstadt, as a successor institution to the monastery school at Höningen (nowadays an outlying centre of Altleiningen). From this arose first a Progymnasium and then today's Leininger-Gymnasium.
In the War of the First Coalition, there was fighting in the area around Grünstadt between 1793 and 1795 with the occupiers changing among the Austrians, the French and the Prussians. In 1794, the man who would later become Field Marshal von Blücher, but who at this time was a colonel in the Prussian Red Hussars, procured quarters in the town. According to local lore, he rode his horse up the outdoor stairway that then stood at the (now former) town hall and made a speech to the townsfolk.
1800 to 1900
In 1797, with the Treaty of Campo Formio – itself permanently confirmed by the Treaty of Lunéville (1801) – Grünstadt passed as a cantonal seat to the French Department of Mont-Tonnerre (or Donnersberg in German), whose seat of government was in Mainz. Grünstadt remained French until 1815.
After Napoleon's downfall, Grünstadt passed in 1816 to the Kingdom of Bavaria. It remained Bavarian for exactly 130 years, until the new state of Rhineland-Palatinate was founded in 1946.
On 14 June 1829, King Ludwig I of Bavaria and his consort Queen Therese visited the town as part of their tour of the Palatinate. The king attended a High Mass at the Capuchin church and was ceremoniously welcomed by Father Bernhard Würschmitt.
On 14 June 1849 – twenty years to the day later – Prince William of Prussia, who would later be Wilhelm I, German Emperor, rode in pursuit of the irregular, revolutionary partisans (Freischärler) coming from Kirchheimbolanden with his staff through what is now called Jakobstraße (street) and Hauptstraße. At the Stadthaus (now known as the Old Town Hall) he made a stop and an officer from his entourage spoke from the outdoor stairway to the townsfolk on the topic of “Loyalty towards Prince and Fatherland”, whereafter the military detachment pushed on towards the south.
In 1873, Grünstadt acquired a rail link on the Bad Dürkheim - Monsheim railway with its own station.
1900 to present
In the First World War (1914–1918), 164 inhabitants of Grünstadt fell, in whose memory in 1937 a templelike memorial was built in a prominent spot on the Grünstadter Berg.
In the Second World War (1939–1945), Grünstadt was repeatedly the target of air raids to which, among others, Saint Martin's Church fell victim. As a result of wartime events, 360 people lost their lives, soldiers and civilian victims of bombings. As well, the town's very old and important Jewish community was swept away in this time by deportation and emigration, although the Baroque synagogue and the Jewish graveyard east of town have been preserved.
On 20 March 1945, American troops occupied the town area; the French military followed them on 7 July 1945.
In the wake of the dissolution of the Frankenthal district, after having belonged to the same district for more than 150 years, Grünstadt passed in 1969 to the new district of Bad Dürkheim; the vehicle licence prefix changed from “FT” to “DÜW”. On 7 June 1969, the formerly autonomous localities of Asselheim and Sausenheim were amalgamated with the town.
Religion
History of Grünstadt’s Jewish community
Grünstadt was once one of the most important Jewish communities in the Palatinate. In 1827, more than ten percent of the town's population was Jewish. From 1608 to 1933, the Jewish community's history can be traced in an unbroken line. The persecution of Jews by the Nazi régime sealed the community's fate. It simply ceased to exist.
Today
In 2007, 44.4% of the inhabitants were Evangelical and 25.5% Catholic. The rest belonged to other faiths or adhered to none.
Politics
Town council
The council is made up of 28 honorary council members, who were elected at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the full-time mayor as chairman.
The municipal election held on 7 June 2009 yielded the following results:
Mayors
From 2002 to 2009, the directly elected mayor was Hans Jäger (SPD). Since 1 January 2010, however, Klaus Wagner (CDU) has been the new Mayor of Grünstadt.
Coat of arms
The German blazon reads:
The town's arms might in English heraldic language be described thus: Vert an eagle displayed argent armed and langued gules among four Greek crosses in fess Or, two in chief, and two in base.
The arms were approved in 1890 by the Bavarian prince regent Luitpold and go back to a court seal from 1456.
The eagle is taken from the arms borne by the Counts of Leiningen, but the reason for the crosses’ inclusion as a charge is less clear. They might refer to the Weißenburg Monastery, which was also a landlord in the town. The tincture vert (green) is canting for the town's name, Grünstadt, which means “Greentown”, although research has shown that the name does not derive from this German word.
Town partnerships
Grünstadt fosters partnerships with the following places:
Hermsdorf, Saale-Holzland-Kreis, Thuringia
Greenville, Ohio, USA
Carrières-sur-Seine, Yvelines, France
Bonita Springs, Florida, USA
Westerburg, Westerwaldkreis, Rhineland-Palatinate
Peine, Peine, Lower Saxony (friendship agreement with outlying centre of Asselheim)
Culture and sightseeing
Regular events
In Grünstadt, the tradition of the Stabausstecken has been kept, or has at least been given new life. This is a festival, traditionally held in early March, in which winter is burnt in effigy, an event known as the Winterverbrennung (“Winter Burning”).
Economy and infrastructure
Transport
Thanks to the A 6 motorway (from Saarbrücken to Mannheim), Grünstadt is well linked not only to the national motorway network in Germany, but also to France and the Czech Republic. Grünstadt station also lies on the Palatine Northern Railway, which in parts runs alongside the German Wine Route in the southerly direction to Neustadt an der Weinstraße. Furthermore, the re-opened Eis Valley Railway runs into the Palatinate Forest to the Eiswoog (a reservoir and hiking destination) near Ramsen. Formerly this line reached all the way to Enkenbach. The Lower Eis Valley Railway also branches off the Palatine Northern Railway in Grünstadt.
Authorities
Besides its own town administration, Grünstadt harbours the administration of the Verbandsgemeinde of Leiningerland, even though the town itself is in neither this nor any other Verbandsgemeinde.
Courts
Grünstadt has at its disposal an Amtsgericht that belongs to the state court region (Landgerichtsbezirk) of Frankenthal and the high state court region (Oberlandesgerichtsbezirk) of Zweibrücken.
Hospital
In the town is found a 200-bed hospital with an adjoining day clinic (12 places). The sponsor is the Bad Dürkheim district.
Education
Besides three primary schools, a Hauptschule and a Realschule, there is the Leininger Gymnasium, which is steeped in tradition and rooted in the old Höningen Latin School.
Sundry
Grünstadt is known for its AAFES bakery. In Grünstadt it is called the depot (AAFES Depot Grünstadt).
Notable people
Sons and daughters of the town
19th century
Jacob Frankel (1808–1887), the first Jewish military chaplain in the United States
Franz Umbscheiden (1825–1874), German revolutionary and journalist
Adolf Stern (1849–1907), chess player
20th century
Erwin Lehn (1919–2010), German pianist and Orchestra leader (SWR's Südfunk-Tanzorchester)
Ludwig Wilding (born 1927), painter and object artist
Wolfgang Heinz (born 1938), politician (FDP)
Marco Haber (born 1971), footballer
Silvio Adzic (born 1980), footballer
Notable people associated with the town
Friedrich Christian Laukhard, (1757–1822), writer, attended the Leininger-Gymnasium.
Christophe Neff, forest fire expert and geographer, lives in Grünstadt.
Boris Brejcha, DJ and music producer, lives in Grünstadt.
Ludwig Kratzer, (1913-2001), WWII prisoner of war
Further reading
Walter Lampert:"1100 Jahre Grünstadt", Stadtverwaltung Grünstadt, 1975 (aus diesem Werk, das alle bis dahin erschienenen stadtgeschichtlichen Publikationen zusammenfasste, sind sämtliche Angaben im Abschnitt "Geschichte" entnommen.)
Emil Müller: "Grünstadt und Umgebung", Schäffer Verlag, Grünstadt, 1904
Hans Feßmeyer: "Geschichte von Grünstadt", Verlag Emil Sommer, Grünstadt, 1939
Dr. Ludwig Blankenheim: "Aus Grünstadts vergangenen Tagen", Rheinpfalz Verlag, Ludwigshafen, 1955
Walter Lampert: "Bewegte Jahre - Grünstadt 1918-1948", Verlag Emil Sommer, Grünstadt, 1985
Kyra Schilling, Odilie Steiner, Elisabeth Weber: Jüdisches Leben in Grünstadt. Grünstadt 2007, (Ökumenischer Friedenskreis der prot. Kirchengemeinde Grünstadt)
References
External links
Town’s official webpage
Verbandsgemeinde Grünstadt-Land
Outlying centre of Asselheim
Outlying centre of Sausenheim
About early mediaeval topography of Grünstadt
Towns in Rhineland-Palatinate
Palatinate Forest
Bad Dürkheim (district)
Palatinate (region)
Holocaust locations in Germany | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%BCnstadt |
True Carnage is the fourth album by American death metal band Six Feet Under. The album contains fan favourites such as "The Day the Dead Walked", "One Bullet Left" and "Sick and Twisted".
It is the band's first album to feature their modern logo on the cover, as well as their shortest album to date.
Track listing
Personnel
Six Feet Under
Chris Barnes - vocals
Steve Swanson - guitars
Terry Butler - bass
Greg Gall - drums
Guest musicians
Ice-T - guest vocals on "One Bullet Left"
Karyn Crisis - guest vocals on "Sick and Twisted"
Production
Produced by Brian Slagel
Engineered by Chris Carroll, Kieran Wagner, Marc Lee and Dave Hyman
Engineered drums by Donald Tardy
Recorded and mixed by Dave Schiffman at The Hit Factory Criteria Miami
Mastered by Eddy Schreyer at Oasis Mastering
Artwork
Cover art and layout by Paul Booth
2001 albums
Six Feet Under (band) albums
Metal Blade Records albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/True%20Carnage |
Pluto Rising is a 1999 novel by Karen Irving (). The novel is the first in a series of mystery novels about Katy Klein, a psychologist who has become a professional astrologer and is struggling financially to support her teenaged daughter. She is drawn into a world of terror by Adam, a mysterious individual who believes she can help him resolve the partly forgotten nightmares of his childhood.
It was nominated for the Arthur Ellis Award for Best First Novel by the Crime Writers of Canada. The film rights to the series have been optioned by a Canadian production company, and the books have been translated into Italian and Chinese.
1999 Canadian novels
Canadian mystery novels | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pluto%20Rising |
Crago may refer to:
Places
Crago Observatory in Australia
Crago, Scotland, an island in the Outer Hebrides
People
Barry Crago, American politician from Wyoming
Patrick E. Crago, biomedical engineer and professor
Prince Crago,'The Crow', Alamannic prince
Scott F. Crago (born 1963), American drummer
Thomas S. Crago (1866–1925), United States Congressman | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crago |
Haßloch (or Hassloch) is a municipality in the Bad Dürkheim district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Unlike most municipalities in the district, it does not belong to any Verbandsgemeinde – a type of collective municipality. It lies near the Mannheim/Ludwigshafen built-up area. The municipality has grown out of a single centre and is thus sometimes styled “Germany’s biggest village”. Haßloch is the Bad Dürkheim district's biggest municipality, exceeding even the namesake district seat. The village has at its disposal well developed infrastructure with educational and shopping facilities; the region's surrounding centres can in the main be reached within 20 minutes.
Geography
Location
Haßloch lies east of Neustadt an der Weinstraße and is part of the Rhine-Neckar urban agglomeration southwest of Mannheim and Ludwigshafen. It also lies on the Mannheim–Kaiserslautern line. At the municipality's northern limit runs Autobahn A 65, and from there it is 25 km to either Ludwigshafen or Mannheim. Haßloch is on the whole a continuous built-up area, although Haßloch's southeasternmost neighbourhood, the Wehlachsiedlung, lies somewhat apart from the main centre.
History
Haßloch's beginnings stretch at least as far back as Roman times with settlement activity by the Romans known to have been taking place about AD 400. About 500, the Alamanni were driven out of the area by the Franks. The village itself came into being sometime about 600, with its first documentary mention – as Hasalaha – coming in 773 or 774.
In 985, Haßloch was one of the many villages in the region subject to the Salischer Kirchenraub, or “Salian Church Robbery”, a land grab in which Otto I, Duke of Carinthia took over ownership of various landholdings formerly belonging to the Weißenburg Monastery (in the town now called Wissembourg in Alsace, France) on the Upper and Middle Rhine.
Some time between 900 and 1000, Haßloch became an Imperial Village. In 1186, Emperor Friedrich I Barbarossa spent the night in Haßloch. In 1330, Emperor Louis the Bavarian pledged Haßloch to the Electorate of the Palatinate, who then in turn pledged three fourths of this pledge to the Counts of Leiningen in the same year.
In 1621, during the Thirty Years' War, Haßloch was laid waste by the Spaniards. In 1689, it met the same fate again, more than once, in the Nine Years' War (known in Germany as the Pfälzischer Erbfolgekrieg, or War of the Palatine Succession), this time at the hands of the Spaniards and the French.
In 1797 came an end to the joint rule by the Electorate of the Palatinate and the Counts of Leiningen. Haßloch – along with the rest of the region – was annexed to France.
In 1815 or 1816, as a result of the Congress of Vienna, the Leiningen holdings, along with the Palatinate, passed to the Kingdom of Bavaria, remaining Bavarian until the end of the Second World War. In 1843, the Pfälzische Ludwigsbahn (railway) was built.
In 1945, Haßloch became part of the French Zone of Occupation and the next year, part of the new state of Rhineland-Palatinate.
In 1969, the old district of Neustadt an der Weinstraße was abolished and Haßloch was assigned to the newly created district of Bad Dürkheim.
Religion
Haßloch, because it was ruled by the Counts of Leiningen, is a Protestant community. This can even be seen in the church buildings. All the oldest ones – Christuskirche (“Christ Church” or “Church of Christ”), Lutherkirche and Pauluskirche (“Saint Paul’s”) are Evangelical, whereas only the two newer ones – St. Gallus and St. Ulrich – belong to the Catholic parish.
Population development
(each time at 31 December)
1998 – 20,708
1999 – 20,747
2000 – 20,781
2001 – 20,826
2002 – 20,809
2003 – 20,789
2004 – 20,785
2005 – 20,722
Origin of the name
The former Old High German city name 'Hasalaha' means something like 'water flowing through hazel bushes'. 'Hasal' is the Old High German term for the hazel bush, 'aha' means something like 'water' or 'stream'. Due to sound shifts and changing the spelling, the name 'Haselach' first emerged (documented around 900) and finally the present place name 'Haßloch'.
Politics
Municipal council
The council is made up of 36 volunteer council members, who were elected at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the full-time mayor as chairman.
The municipal election held on 7 June 2009 yielded the following results:
Youth municipal council
The Haßloch Youth Municipal Council (Jugendgemeinderat Haßloch, until 1999 known as the Kinder- & Jugendgemeinderat Haßloch, or the Child and Youth Municipal Council) was enacted and established by Municipal Council on 17 May 1995. The initiative for this came from Youth Department head Jürgen Hurrle who complained that many measures were being enacted that affected youth without including these people in the decision-making process. In one of the first youth municipal councils in Rhineland-Palatinate, he took on a guiding function in the years that followed.
The Youth Municipal Council represents in an advisory capacity the needs and interests of Haßloch's youths in the municipality, either independently or through the permanent members on the social board and the partnership advisory body. It is supposed to acquaint youth with democratic decision-making structures and awaken interest in civic topics. It is a non-partisan board and is made up of 15 members (as of 2006).
Further activities in which the Youth Municipal Council engages are:
activities against racism;
podium discussions before elections;
sporting events (football and beach volleyball tournaments);
leisure events and festivals.
Volunteering
The Lokales Bündnis für Familie (“Local Alliance for Family”) has been active in Haßloch since 2006. It promotes families and volunteer work in collaboration with politics, administration, citizens, educational institutions and clubs.
Coat of arms
The municipality's arms might be described thus: Per fess in chief per pale sable a lion rampant Or armed, langued and crowned gules and azure three eagles displayed argent armed and langued of the third, two in pale in dexter and one in sinister, in base argent the letter S turned backwards of the first.
The arms were designed in 1926 by the Munich Main State Archive and officially conferred in 1938. They show the gold Palatine Lion and next to this the three silver eagles borne as arms by the Counts of Leiningen. The double hook, as it is taken to be, which looks like the letter Ƨ, goes back to a court seal from the time when Haßloch was a pledged holding. Heraldry of the World, quoting another source, furthermore says that the Ƨ is a symbol that was used on “borderstones and decorations” beginning in the 18th century.
Town partnerships
Haßloch fosters partnerships with the following places:
Viroflay, Yvelines, France
Gebesee, Sömmerda, Thuringia
Silifke, Mersin Province, Turkey
Wołczyn, Opole Voivodeship, Poland
Sjenica, Serbia
Economy and infrastructure
In Haßloch, the better part of the resident industry is in metalworking. This is shown in the three “great” production companies in Haßloch (Ball-Packaging, Gottlieb Duttenhöfer GmbH and Dinex Deutschland GmbH).
In Haßloch stands one of the world's biggest and most modern drink can factories, Ball Packaging Europe. Among other things, the first half-litre can (a beer can) was made in Haßloch.
Haßloch, along with the neighbouring municipality of Böhl-Iggelheim, is also home to one of the 28 “open channels” in Rhineland-Palatinate. This regional broadcaster allows communal coverage by citizens for citizens.
Haßloch as a test market
Haßloch is a test market for new brandname items and consumer products: At Haßloch retailers’ shops, products are available in advance that are only to be introduced into the rest of Germany in the future. On the local cable television network, specially made commercials for these products are shown, and individual newspapers (such as Hörzu and Bunte) are published for Haßloch with special advertisements for the new products. Moreover, some citizens hold cards with barcodes that can be scanned with every purchase so that an individual household's shopping habits can be tracked.
The Gesellschaft für Konsumforschung (“Company for Consumer Research”, GfK) can thereby tell how tested products are being received by customers. The research that the GfK does here matches later market data with an accuracy of 90%.
Haßloch was chosen because it exhibits a population structure that, by various criteria, comes quite close to the German average, such as in its age structure and social classes. Haßloch's structure is also midway between a town and a village.
Transport
Haßloch has at its disposal good transport links towards the region's centre (Mannheim/Ludwigshafen/Heidelberg), be it by Autobahn A 65 or the RheinNeckar S-Bahn. S-Bahn lines S1, S2 – and mornings and evenings S3 and S4 – run every 30 minutes during peak times from Haßloch station.
Public institutions
Available weekdays to Haßloch's citizens is the citizens’ office for all questions and applications.
Education
Given its size, Haßloch can be said to have many educational institutions.
Primary schools:
Ernst-Reuter-Schule
Schiller-Schule
Secondary schools:
Kurpfalzschule-Hauptschule
Sophie-Scholl-Realschule
Hannah-Arendt-Gymnasium
Special schools:
Gottlieb-Wenz-Schule, a school whose focus is on learning
Other scholastic institutions:
Folk high school
Music school
Notable people
Sons and daughters of the town
Theo Becker (1927–2006), oenologist, for three decades Grand Master of the Wine Brotherhood of the Palatinate
Jakob Klaus (1788–1855), barber and compiler of memoirs about his participation in the Peninsular War
Eduard Ohlinger (1967–2004), weightlifter and Olympian
Famous people associated with the municipality
Johann Michael Hartung (1708–1763), master organ builder, built the organ in Haßloch in 1751
Further reading
Joachim Kuntz: Der Gemeindewald von Hassloch. Ein Beitrag zur Geschichte des Kommunalwaldes in Rheinland-Pfalz mit wirtschaftlichem Schwerpunkt. Forstgeschichte in Rheinland-Pfalz, Nr. 2. Arbeitskreis Forstgeschichte in Rheinland-Pfalz, Haßloch 1995, 291 (26) S.
References
External links
Municipality’s official webpage
Bad Dürkheim (district)
Imperial Villages | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ha%C3%9Floch |
Fabián Alberto O'Neill Domínguez (14 October 1973 – 25 December 2022) was a Uruguayan professional footballer who played as a midfielder.
He began and finished his career at Nacional, where he won the Uruguayan Primera División in his debut season in 1992. He spent most of his career in Italy, mainly with Cagliari and also with Juventus and Perugia. He earned 19 caps for Uruguay, starting at the 1993 Copa América and ending at the 2002 FIFA World Cup.
Nicknamed "El Mago" ('The Wizard'), O'Neill was described by Zinedine Zidane as the most talented teammate of his career. He lost his fortune to gambling, and suffered from alcoholism during and after his career, retiring at 29 and dying 20 years later.
Early life
O'Neill was the oldest of five children born to Luis Alberto O'Neill and Mercedes Domínguez. He was the great-great-grandson of Michael O'Neill, an Irishman from County Cork who arrived in Uruguay in 1837.
Abandoned by his parents, O'Neill was raised by his grandmother, with whom he had to share a bed until the age of 14. He began working at age nine, selling sausages outside a brothel, and was already drinking at that age.
Club career
O'Neill began his professional career at Nacional in the Uruguayan Primera División playing in the first team between 1992 and 1995. In his debut season, at the age of 18, his team won the league. In 1996, he moved to Italy to play with Serie A club Cagliari, one of several Uruguayans to join the club through agent Paco Casal. The club was relegated to Serie B in 1997, but promoted again in 1998. In 1999, during a game against Salernitana, he performed three nutmegs against the future World Cup winner, Gennaro Gattuso.
After Cagliari was relegated again in 2000, O'Neill was transferred to Juventus for a fee of 20 billion lire (€10 million).
In January 2002 he moved to Perugia as part of a deal involving the transfer of Davide Baiocco to Juventus. He terminated his contract in the summer to return to Cagliari, now in Serie B, although he did not take to the field during his brief stay. In 2012, O'Neill admitted to twice having fixed Serie A games in order to win bets.
In January 2003, O'Neill returned to Nacional but played only five times. He retired later that year at the age of 29, due to the effects of alcoholism, and returned to his cattle ranch. He later played and managed semiprofessional football in the Uruguayan lower leagues.
International career
O'Neill played 19 times for Uruguay. He played his first match for the national team on 16 June 1993 in a Copa América group match won 1–0 against the United States. He came on as a substitute for Adrián Paz with seven minutes remaining, but took no further part in the tournament due to injury. The last of his 19 caps was in May 2002 against China in Shenyang. He was a member of the Uruguay squad at the 2002 FIFA World Cup but did not play.
Personal life and death
O'Neill had two daughters and a son, each of whom was born to a different mother. As of December 2021, his son Favio was playing as a defensive midfielder for the under-19 team of Peñarol, Nacional's rivals; as of June 2020, his middle child Martina was a field hockey player. His cousin Jairo (born 2001) also played for Peñarol.
In 2013, O'Neill wrote an autobiography, Hasta la última gota (Until the Last Drop). He had a gallbladder operation in June 2016 and was told to abstain from alcohol for three years, but began drinking a month later.
In February 2017, O'Neill said that he lost his fortune of US$14 million on "slow horses, fast women and gambling", but that he did not regret becoming poor. In his autobiography, he said that he once spent US$250,000 on 1,104 cows, having attended a cattle auction while drunk.
O'Neill was hospitalised in June 2020 with cirrhosis. He was advised that if he abstained from alcohol for a year, he could have a liver transplant and live to old age.
O'Neill died on 25 December 2022, at age 49, in a Montevideo hospital, where he had been in intensive care with bleeding due to chronic liver disease. He was cremated and his ashes were scattered in Paso de los Toros on 28 December.
Career statistics
Scores and results list Uruguay's goal tally first, score column indicates score after each O'Neill goal.
Honours
Nacional
Uruguayan Primera División: 1992
References
External links
1973 births
2022 deaths
People from Paso de los Toros
Footballers from Tacuarembó Department
Uruguayan people of Irish descent
Uruguayan men's footballers
Cagliari Calcio players
Club Nacional de Football players
Expatriate men's footballers in Italy
2002 FIFA World Cup players
1993 Copa América players
Men's association football midfielders
Juventus FC players
AC Perugia Calcio players
Serie A players
Serie B players
Uruguayan Primera División players
Uruguay men's under-20 international footballers
Uruguay men's international footballers
Uruguayan expatriate men's footballers
Uruguayan expatriate sportspeople in Italy
Alcohol-related deaths in Uruguay
Deaths from liver disease | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fabi%C3%A1n%20O%27Neill |
Centralbron (, "The Central Bridge") is a major bridge in central Stockholm, Sweden, connecting the northern district Norrmalm to the southern Södermalm.
It is 1,200 metres long and consists of two viaducts passing over Söderström ("Southern Stream") and Riddarfjärden close to Norrström ("Northern Stream") with an interjacent elevated section traversing Riddarholmskanalen and the adjacent eastern waterfront of Riddarholmen. Centralbron has a capacity for 130,000 cars per day. It is paralleled by the bridges (Södra and Norra järnvägsbron) and the tunnel of a two-track railway used by the commuter and freight trains. Centralbron does partly go on top of the Metro which opened on this stretch 1957 and planned together with the bridge.
Nearby bridges include Riddarholmsbron, Vasabron, Strömsborgsbron, and Hebbes Bro.
Background
Since the first decade of the 20th century, numerous proposals labelled "Centralbron" had been produced and more than 20 of them scrapped before the elaboration of the general plan of 1928. During the 1930s the need for a "central bridge" crossing Gamla stan, the old city, declined due to the realization of the plans for a western traffic route, Västerbron, and the clover-shaped traffic junction at Slussen, both finally inaugurated in 1935.
In 1930 plans for a Centralbron was therefore substituted by a temporary solution, by its customers dubbed Slingerbultsleden ("The Dodge Route"), criss-crossing the western streets of Gamla stan using two temporary bridges crossing Riddarholmskanalen to open out on Vasabron. While the metro system and Centralbron were being constructed Slingerbultsleden had to be scrapped, and in 1953 it was substituted by a pontoon bridge connecting the northern end of the now non-existent Riddarholmskajen ("Quay of Riddarholmen") to Klara strand. Its 7 metres wide roadway had a maximum capacity of 20,000 cars per day and remained in use until the completion of the northern bridge in 1967.
The southern bridge
WW2 further delayed any attempts to elaborate a permanent solution, but in 1947 a decision to build a southern bridge crossing Söderström was taken, and work finally begun in 1950. The and bridge stretches over six spans with a maximum span of 33.7 metres. The continuous steel girders of the roadway are resting on concrete pillars firmly anchored to the soil by numerous poles.
To the south, another two spans are stretching some 46 metres over Söder Mälarstrand ("Southern Shore of Lake Mälaren") before three smaller spans hands the roadway over to Söderledstunneln ("The Southern Route Tunnel"). To the north, the bridge is continuous with a viaduct passing over the Gamla stan metro station, opened 1957. The viaduct is made of a concrete roadway resting on steel girders.
The entire structure was completed and inaugurated June 16, 1959 and the name 'Centralbron' made official by a naming committee that assumed a Österbron ("The Eastern Bridge") would be built, thus making Centralbron a truly 'central' bridge. An eastern route is not a timely topic, for several reasons but particularly because of the Royal National City Park taking up most of the area east of the city, thus making such a route infeasible. There is however a Western Bridge.
The northern bridge
The realization of the northern bridge stretching over Norrström had to be postponed until the enlargement of the traffic junction at Tegelbacken was resolved in 1961. The bridge, finally inaugurated September 3, 1967, is a and reinforced concrete structure with an average span of 19 meters. To the north, it makes a sharp turn to the west where it extends over the railway, and connects to Klarastrandsleden. The bridge over the railway replaced a level crossing nicknamed Tegelbackseländet ("The Tegelbacken misery"), since it created long traffic jams as an effect of the 1960s traffic increase.
Criticism and replacement proposals
Over the years, Centralbron together with a suggested additional railway track have been much criticized and debated because of their unwieldy and rumbling presence in a delicate historical setting. Lately, the construction of a tunnel to replace them has been suggested. The cost of such a tunnel, several billion kronor, has put this on hold without any time set. A new metro tunnel has also been suggested because the metro goes below and parallel to Centralbron, making it a total of seven rail tracks and six road lanes crossing the water south of Gamla Stan on bridges. A new railway tunnel costing 15 billion kronor (Citybanan) was finished in 2017 but the existing railway was kept. The older railway is currently being upgraded during eight weeks each summer until 2020.
See also
List of bridges in Stockholm
History of Stockholm
References
External links
Bridges in Stockholm
Bridges completed in 1967
Bridges completed in 1959 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Centralbron |
Johnny Mølby (born 4 February 1969) is a Danish football manager and former professional footballer. He is currently the assistant coach of AGF.
He played 16 matches for the Denmark national football team, and was a part of the team which won the Euro 1992, even though he did not play a single match at the tournament. He is a cousin of former Liverpool F.C. player Jan Mølby.
Through his career he represented a number of clubs, including Danish teams Vejle BK, Aalborg BK and AGF Aarhus, FC Nantes in France and Borussia Mönchengladbach in Germany. Following his retirement, Mølby became manager of Kolding FC after he had completed the Danish FA's Elite Coach education and obtained a DBU and UEFA A-License.
He was named the Danish U21-talent of the year in 1987.
Honours
International
UEFA European Football Championship: 1992
References
External links
Danish Superliga profile
1969 births
Living people
Sportspeople from Kolding
Danish men's footballers
Denmark men's international footballers
Denmark men's under-21 international footballers
Denmark men's youth international footballers
Vejle Boldklub players
AaB Fodbold players
Aarhus Gymnastikforening players
K.V. Mechelen players
FC Nantes players
Borussia Mönchengladbach players
Danish Superliga players
Belgian Pro League players
Bundesliga players
Ligue 1 players
Danish expatriate men's footballers
Expatriate men's footballers in Belgium
Expatriate men's footballers in Germany
Expatriate men's footballers in France
Danish football managers
UEFA Euro 1992 players
UEFA European Championship-winning players
Men's association football midfielders
Danish Superliga managers
AC Horsens managers
Viborg FF managers
Vendsyssel FF managers
Danish 1st Division managers
Footballers from the Region of Southern Denmark
Danish expatriate sportspeople in France
Danish expatriate sportspeople in Germany
Danish expatriate sportspeople in Belgium | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Johnny%20M%C3%B8lby |
The First Battle of Wawer was fought on 19 and 20 February 1831, between Poland and Russia. Polish forces, led by Jan Skrzynecki, defeated Russian 1st Corps, commanded by Hans Karl von Diebitsch. After the battle, Polish commanders did not receive any reinforcements, so the victory was not decisive.
References
Conflicts in 1831
Battles of the November Uprising
Military history of Warsaw
February 1831 events
1831 in Poland | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/First%20Battle%20of%20Wawer |
Two Mile Hill is an area away from Bridgetown, in Saint Michael Parish, Barbados. The Two Mile Hill area was historically one of the railway stations on the island of Barbados. The Barbados Railway was a part of the island's colonial distribution network for the sugar cane industry while the country was under the control of Britain. The location no longer has a railway and is now instead known more for its Sherbourne Conference Centre.
Populated places in Barbados
Saint Michael, Barbados | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Two%20Mile%20Hill%2C%20Barbados |
Deidesheim () is a town in the Bad Dürkheim district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany with some 3,700 inhabitants.
The town lies in the northwest of the Rhine-Neckar urban agglomeration and since 1973 it has been the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde of Deidesheim. The most important industries are tourism and winegrowing. Deidesheim's two biggest folk festivals revolve around wine: the Geißbockversteigerung (literally “Billygoat Auction”) and the Deidesheimer Weinkerwe (wine fair).
Geography
Location
Deidesheim lies in the Palatinate in the Weinstraße region (as distinct from the Deutsche Weinstraße – or German Wine Route – itself). Deidesheim's municipal area stretches for , covering parts of three morphological and ecological units, namely the Palatinate Forest, the Weinstraße region's uplands and the Upper Rhine Plain: 23.9% of this area is used for agriculture, mainly grape-growing for wine, 67.9% of it is wooded, 0.6% is water, 7.4% is residential or transport-related and 0.1% of the land fits under none of these headings. The town itself lies some 1 000 m east of the Haardt. Deidesheim is found in the northwest of the Rhine-Neckar urban region in the middle of the Palatinate wine region. Running through the town is the German Wine Route.
Neighbouring municipalities
Clockwise from the north, these are Forst an der Weinstraße, Friedelsheim, Rödersheim-Gronau, Niederkirchen bei Deidesheim, Meckenheim, Ruppertsberg, Neustadt an der Weinstraße, Lindenberg, Lambrecht, Frankeneck, Neidenfels and Wachenheim an der Weinstraße.
Climate
Macroclimatically, Deidesheim is characterized by the surrounding relief: The Palatinate Forest to the west forces the main, rainbearing winds from the west and southwest upwards, whereupon they cool and their water condenses, raining down on the Palatinate Forest. The now drier air then falls at the forest's east side warming back up, making for a drier, less cloudy climate with warmer temperatures to the forest's lee. The number of summery days (that is, with temperatures reaching or surpassing 25 °C) far exceeds the countrywide average by 40 or 50 each year, and the yearly precipitation level of just over is below the threshold, set at , for German regions that are considered dry.
From a local climatic point of view, Deidesheim is part of the climatically favoured foothill zone of the Weinstraße region. With a mean elevation of 235 m above sea level at the forest's edge, the lands of the Deidesheim area reach down to some 130 m above sea level at the lower mid-slope area in the foothill zone. The outliers of the Madental and the Sensental, as well as those of the Einsteltal (dales) northwest of Deidesheim, form outflow pathways for the cold winds coming from the Haardt. Also affecting the local climate are small hollows and dells in which cold air can gather.
Climatic conditions in Deidesheim have almost Mediterranean traits as witnessed by ripening figs, almonds and bitter oranges in the area. Profiting especially from the favourable climate are warmth-loving crops such as grapes. This favours the growing of Qualitätsweine, which is done here on a grand scale. With its long growing season, the wine can age fully. Thoroughly fermented wines have a high quality, and frost damage is rare.
Geology
The most important event in the Deidesheim area's, and indeed the whole eastern Palatinate's, geological development was the rifting and downfaulting relative to the Haardt of the Upper Rhine Plain, whose onset was some 65,000,000 years ago in the Lower Tertiary and which has lasted until today. The area before the Haardt range was over time scored by brooks that rise in the Palatinate Forest. During the ice ages, there were gradual solifluction on the slopes and also wind abrasion. These processes led to a transformation of the original surface relief in whose wake an alluvial fan with embanked or eroded terraces formed. In colder, drier phases of the Würm glaciation, loess beds came into being through the influence of the wind, whereby the loess gathered mostly at faults and alee of small hollows.
West and northwest of Deidesheim, the Voltziensandstein that predominates in the middle of the Palatinate Forest from the Triassic represents the oldest stratigraphic unit within Deidesheim's limits, the so-called “Rehberg Layer”. In Deidesheim's southwest, Pleistocene deposits can be found; these came into being some 1,500,000 years ago. In the north, Deidesheim is girded by a band of Pliocene deposits that formed some 3,000,000 years ago. In Deidesheim's east are found the newest stratigraphic units in the Holocene deposits. With foreign material such as basalt, bricks and dung, man has altered the natural soil composition. The most important soil types in the Deidesheim area are various rigosols, rendzina, parabraunerde and limestone-bearing terra fusca.
History
Founding and Early Middle Ages
The name Deidesheim had its first documentary mention in 699, although the town now standing in its current location only arose, it is believed, in the 13th century around the former Deidesheim Castle. From 770 onwards, there is proof of winegrowing here. In the early 19th century, Deidesheim was the first place in the Palatinate whose wineries were growing Qualitätsweine. Today, Deidesheim is one of the Palatinate wine region's biggest winegrowing centres.
The first time when the placename was mentioned in 699 was in a document in which the Lotharingian nobleman Erimbert bequeathed estates under his ownership to Weißenburg Monastery in Alsace (in the now French town called Wissembourg). Further mentions came in documents from Fulda Abbey (770 or 771) and Lorsch Abbey (791), in the latter of which Deidesheim is already named as being a winegrowing centre. Documentary mentions from the Early and High Middle Ages, however, deal with various settled places that lay not in the town's current place, but rather elsewhere within a greater municipal area around Deidesheim. Frankish burial grounds in and around the neighbouring municipality Niederkirchen bei Deidesheim lead to the conclusion that there were individual settlements at least as long ago as the 6th century, some of which were forsaken. The first documentary mention is believed to refer to neighbouring Niederkirchen. When today's Deidesheim arose as a settlement next to Niederkirchen is not known with any certainty; the two centres only became separate from each other when the Prince-Bishop's castle, Schloss Deidesheim, was built, and for this the first evidence dates from 1292. The first confirmed distinction between Niederdeidesheim – today's Niederkirchen – and Oberdeidesheim – today's Deidesheim – only came in the 13th century.
In the Early Middle Ages, Deidesheim was mainly under the aforesaid Erimbert's and his descendants’ ownership. Among them were a few Counts of Metz, Upper Lotharingian dukes and Salians, and they had holdings in Deidesheim for almost 400 years, until Henry IV (1056) and Margravine Matilda of Tuscany (1086) gave up their Deidesheim holdings and donated them to the Cathedral Chapter or Saint Guy's Monastery in Speyer. Not long thereafter, Deidesheim passed into the Speyer Prince-Bishops’ hands and thenceforth belonged to the Prince-Bishopric of Speyer. Other, but less important, holdings in Deidesheim in the Early Middle Ages were owned by Lorsch Abbey and the Bishopric of Worms.
Further development
As the Speyer Bishopric's records confirm, Deidesheim quickly grew into an economically important centre to which contributed financially strong Jews, who had their own community with a synagogue in Deidesheim until the pogroms during the time of the plague about 1349.
Along with this development arose the townsmen's wish to offer the flourishing community greater protection against attacks, which was granted at last by Bishop of Speyer Gerhard von Ehrenberg in 1360 when he granted Deidesheim fortification rights. On Saint Valentine's Day 1395, the Bohemian King Wenceslaus (Wenzel in German, Václav in Czech) granted Deidesheim town rights. These were given – as was then customary – not to the town itself, but to the Bishop of Speyer, since he was the town's lord.
The fortification could only afford the town limited protection in wartime. The town was conquered in 1396, 1460, 1525, 1552, several times in the Thirty Years' War, and in 1689 and 1693 (Nine Years' War), sometimes getting plundered and set on fire in the process.
Early modern times
With the invasion by French militiamen, Deidesheim passed to France in 1794. Although it was reconquered by Imperial troops in 1795, it soon fell again to France, and remained under French administration until Napoleon's overlordship collapsed in 1814. Under the new territorial order prescribed by the Congress of Vienna, Deidesheim belonged, beginning in 1816, to the Kingdom of Bavaria as part of the Rheinkreis (“Rhine District”), which from 1838 bore the name Pfalz (“Palatinate”). In 1819, the outlying centre of Niederkirchen, long considered to be a constituent community of Deidesheim, was demerged from the town, and has been an autonomous municipality ever since.
In 1865, Deidesheim acquired a connection on the new Bad Dürkheim - Neustadt an der Weinstraße railway line. Around the start of the 20th century, there were other industrial achievements. In 1894, Deidesheim got a gasworks, in 1896 electric lighting, in 1897 a local electrical network, and in 1898, the town was connected to a public watermain. Furthermore, in the late 19th century, all important estates had a telephone connection.
20th century onwards
After the First World War in 1918, French troops moved into town. Troop units were billeted here. This persisted until France withdrew from the Rhineland in July 1930. In August 1921 there was a great forest fire near Deidesheim in which some 300 ha of woodland burnt, of which 130 ha was in the Deidesheim town forest. To fight the fire, all Deidesheim's men aged 17 and over were recruited. Quenching the fire took three long days and nights.
During the Second World War, Deidesheim was mostly spared any great war damage at first, but then, on 9 March 1945, not long before the war ended, the local infirmary was struck by a bomb, which killed nine people. On 21 March 1945, American troops moved into town, ending the war, at least in Deidesheim.
With the formation of the state of Rhineland-Palatinate in 1946, Deidesheim found itself within it, and no longer part of Bavaria. In 1968, Deidesheim was given the designation Luftkurort (“climatic spa”). Along with Forst an der Weinstraße, Ruppertsberg, Niederkirchen and Meckenheim, Deidesheim has since 1972 formed the Verbandsgemeinde of Deidesheim.
Great media coverage came Deidesheim's way with all the visits by high-ranking foreign state visitors invited to Deidesheim by then Chancellor Helmut Kohl between 1989 and 1997. Often, state guests were served the dish (“Palatine Sow’s Stomach”). The state guests who came with Kohl were British Prime Minister Margaret Thatcher (April 1989), Soviet President Mikhail Gorbachev (November 1990), Canadian Prime Minister Brian Mulroney (June 1991), US Vice President Dan Quayle (February 1992), Czech President Václav Havel (October 1993), Russian President Boris Yeltsin (May 1994), British Prime Minister John Major (October 1994) and the Spanish King and Queen Juan Carlos I and Sofía (July 1997).
Since early 2009, Deidesheim has been the first town in Rhineland-Palatinate to be a member of the Cittàslow movement, among whose goals are improving the quality of life and enhancing cultural diversity in towns.
Population development
From the Middle Ages has come no information about Deidesheim's population. In part, considerable swings in the 17th and early 18th centuries in the number of inhabitants were the consequences of the many wars; foremost among these were the Thirty Years' War and the Nine Years' War (known in Germany as the Pfälzischer Erbfolgekrieg, or War of the Palatine Succession) in their effect on Deidesheim's population. In the rather more peaceful later 18th century, Deidesheim underwent a great upswing in its population, bringing the total number of inhabitants to nearly three times what it had been towards the end of the Middle Ages. After the next quick swelling of the population leading up to the Palatine Uprising in 1849, Deidesheim's population did not rise significantly in the latter half of the 19th century – which was rather at odds with the general trend in Germany in this time of industrialization – and even shrank around the start of the 20th century, leaving Deidesheim with fewer inhabitants in 1917 than it had had in 1823. The main cause of all this was people from Deidesheim emigrating to North America. Only years after the First World War did Deidesheim's population again reach its mid-19th-century level. After the Second World War, the number of inhabitants again began to rise sharply and for the first time broke the 3,000 level. Over the last few years, the population has been relatively steady and amounts to some 3,800 inhabitants.
Religion
St. Ulrich’s Catholic parish
On the same spot where now stands Saint Ulrich's Parish Church once stood a chapel consecrated to Saint Mary. This chapel was first mentioned about 1300. Owing to the transfer of the parish seat from Niederkirchen bei Deidesheim to Deidesheim sometime between 1437 and 1460, a new, roomier church building was needed. Work on the new building began before the middle of the century, about 1444. In 1473, the work had been finished as far as it could be. Saint Ulrich's Parish Church (Pfarrkirche St. Ulrich) with its 62.7 m-tall, somewhat crooked tower is the only major church building in the Palatinate to have been built in the mid 15th century.
The Reformation could not prevail in the Prince-Bishopric of Speyer, to which Deidesheim belonged and whose bishop was Deidesheim's town lord (cuius regio, eius religio). Nevertheless, it wrought considerable difficulties with the allocation of the Deidesheim rectorate in the latter half of the 16th century. In 1750 and 1820 respectively, the branch parishes of Niederkirchen and Forst were split away from Deidesheim again and were raised to fully-fledged parishes in their own right. For a short time after the French annexation of the Rhine’s left bank, the parish of Deidesheim belonged to the Bishopric of Mainz before being ceded back to the Bishopric of Speyer.
Under the new order of deaconries made in the diocese of Speyer in 1980, Deidesheim was assigned to the deaconry of Bad Dürkheim. Owing to a dearth of priests, Saint Ulrich’s parish has since 2006 formed a parish union with Saint Margaret’s (Forst) and Saint Martin’s (Ruppertsberg) whose seat is in Deidesheim. In late 2007, 2,165 of Deidesheim’s inhabitants were Catholic, which made them 56.87% of the population.
Evangelical parish
The Protestants’ share of Deidesheim's population was long very slight, with only four in the town in 1788. By 1863 that had risen to 38. In 1874 and 1875, the Protestant church arose from the conversion of a former barn. In 1891, this acquired a tower.
The number of Protestants in town also swelled after the Second World War with the arrival of refugees. Since 1957, Deidesheim has formed its own parish with Forst an der Weinstraße, Niederkirchen bei Deidesheim and Ruppertsberg; the places in Wachenheim an der Weinstraße used to also belong. The Deidesheim parish belongs to the Evangelical Church of the Palatinate (Protestant State Church), and since 1984 has had its own rectorate. In late 2007, 924 of Deidesheim's inhabitants were Evangelical, which made them 24.27% of the population.
Jewish community
As early as the High Middle Ages, Jews had a community with a synagogue in Deidesheim. The community was wiped out in the pogrom during the time of the plague in 1349 when all Deidesheim's Jews were slain and the synagogue passed into the Church's ownership. In the 16th century a new Jewish community was formed.
Because the prayer hall in use up to that time could no longer be used owing to disrepair, a new synagogue was built. As the persecution of Jews in Nazi Germany increased, many Jews felt forced to emigrate, shrinking and impoverishing the community. In 1935, the synagogue, which was in need of renovation, was sold. Seven Jews who were born or had long lived in Deidesheim were deported in 1940 under the so-called Bürckel-Wagner Action (they were both Gauleiters), even Mrs. Reinach, who had survived Camp Gurs; all were murdered in The Holocaust.
The former Jewish graveyard on Platanenweg is under town ownership. It is some 800 m² in area and is under monumental protection. All together, 95 gravestones from the time between the 18th and 20th centuries could be restored in 1946 after they were destroyed in 1938.
Politics
Coat of arms
The town's arms might be described thus: Azure a cross pattée humetty argent, in dexter chief and base sinister a mullet Or.
The German blazon mentions nothing about a bordure. The version shown at Heraldry of the World has none, and thus matches the blazon.
Deidesheim's oldest seal, from 1410, showed a cross that was not couped (that is, it reached the escutcheon’s edges, unlike the one in the current arms), standing for the Bishopric of Speyer, and only one mullet (star) in dexter chief, that is, in the upper part of the escutcheon on the dexter (armsbearer’s right, viewer’s left) side. It is believed that the mullet stood for Saint Mary, the patron of the now long-vanished Marienkapelle. With this seal, the Schultheiß, the council and the court of Deidesheim authenticated the documents that they issued. The seal bore the circumscription Gericht von Deidesheim (“Court of Deidesheim”). After Deidesheim's destruction in the Nine Years' War in 1693, a new seal was made. This one bore the circumscription Der * Stat * Deidesheim * Insigel. The heraldic device that it bore was the same as the arms still borne by the town now.
Town politics since the 19th century
Before the First World War
In the early 19th century in Deidesheim, an influential class of winery estate owners formed who always put forward the honorary mayor, even through to the Weimar Republic’s downfall, and were markedly overrepresented on town council. The actual structure of the town’s population at this time was not reflected on town council. After the First World War, the Bavarian Municipal Act of 1869 still applied at first and the 23-member council elected in 1914 stood unchanged. The last mayor, Ludwig Bassermann-Jordan, had been killed in the war after volunteering for service, and his deputy, Karl Kimich, was elected in his stead. At the next municipal election, though, he did not seek another term.
Weimar Republic
The most promising candidate to succeed Kimich was said to be Arnold Siben, whose father, Johann Julius Siben, had already been Deidesheim’s mayor from 1895 to 1905. Backing Siben was the Unparteiische Bürgerliste (“Independent Citizens’ List”), which itself brought Centre Party supporters and liberals together. The liberal to left-leaning Bürgerliste and the Volksliste, which was close to the SPD, fixed on the frontrunner, Josef Eid. Siben, however, could decide the election's outcome by himself, and he won a ten-year mandate.
While the 1920 and 1924 municipal elections went forth relatively quietly, the 1929 election was considerably more raucous. This stemmed from a proposal from the Mayor's Office to town council just before the election to raise Siben to full-time, professional mayor. Outrage was the response, for on the one hand, the electorate would thereby be bypassed, and on the other, many found the yearly salary of quite beyond the pale against the backdrop of the Great Depression, which had just broken out. Nonetheless, Siben got just enough votes from the Unparteiische Bürgerliste to become the professional mayor for the next five years. At the next council election, which came shortly thereafter and had an unusually high voter turnout, the Unparteiische Bürgerliste lost almost half its council members, many to the protest movement Fortschritt und Freiheit (“Progress and Freedom”), whose leader, Friedrich Schreck, rose to become the deputy mayor after Siben.
Nazi Germany
In Deidesheim, the Machtergreifung came mainly on 15 March – the Ides – 1933 in the form of a demonstration by several hundred people outside Siben's house. The crowd threatened to storm the house if Siben was not prepared to surrender the mayor's office. Siben thereupon declared to two town councillors who were there that he was resigning, all the while, however, reserving his rights. The mayoralty would then have fallen to the second mayor Friedrich Schreck; however, he would not have suited those now in power, as he had already twice been interned for resistance against the NSDAP. The Neustadt regional office eventually decreed on 20 March that the estate owner Friedrich Eckel-Sellmayr should be mayor; he had already held a seat on town council since 1924 as part of the Bürgerliste formed by the Left-Liberals and the commercial association. Eckel-Sellmayr held the mayoralty until the end of the Second World War in 1945.
After the Second World War
After the Americans had occupied Deidesheim towards the end of the war in March 1945, they appointed the retired headteacher Michael Henrich mayor; Ernst Fürst became his deputy. On 1 July 1948, Fürst took over the mayoralty for half a year. At the first town council elections after the Second World War on 15 September 1946, the CDU got 62% of the vote, and thereafter always earned over 50% of the vote in municipal elections, putting forth all mayors. At the next municipal election in late 1948, two voters’ groups entered the council for the first time. Thenceforth they played an important rôle in town politics and later joined forces as the Free Voters' Group.
On 1 December 1948, the CDU candidate Norbert Oberhettinger was elected mayor. After the owner of the Reichsrat von Buhl Winery, Karl Theodor Freiherr von und zu Guttenberg, died, Norbert Oberhettinger and his wife were killed in an accident on the way back from the baron's burial. Succeeding him to the mayoralty was the winery owner Erich Gießen, who held office until 1975. After him, Stefan Gillich, who at the time already held the mayoralty of the Verbandsgemeinde of Deidesheim, was elected. The current mayor, Manfred Dörr (CDU) was elected on 13 June 2004, succeeding Stefan Gillich. He furthermore won the 2009 municipal election in which nobody stood against him, earning 81.9% of the votes cast.
The latest municipal election's results, along with the changes in figures from the last one before that are set out in the table at right. These results give the CDU an absolute majority on town council.
Deidesheimers in state and Imperial politics
Many Deidesheim estate owners were able to use their strong financial bases for activities at higher levels of government. Beginning in the 1840s, Ludwig Andreas Jordan and Franz Peter Buhl gathered liberal politicians in their houses who were of the “Greater German” mindset. The composition of this “Deidesheim Circle” (Deidesheimer Kreis) changed often; to it belonged, among others, Adam von Itzstein, Ludwig Häusser, Heinrich von Sybel, Carl Theodor Welcker, Heinrich von Gagern, Karl Mathy, Friedrich Daniel Bassermann, Carl Joseph Anton Mittermaier and Georg Gottfried Gervinus. In March 1848, Buhl and Jordan sat in the Vorparlament in Frankfurt, a preparatory gathering for the Frankfurt Parliament, which neither one attended, Buhl because he was not elected and Jordan because he wanted to remain Mayor of Deidesheim. No later than the Second Schleswig War in 1864, the Deidesheim Circle's mindset had changed to a “Lesser German” one.
After the German Empire was founded in 1871, two Deidesheimers were elected as Members of the Reichstag: Ludwig Andreas Jordan, a Member until 1881, and , who held a mandate until 1893 and functioned for three years as Deputy Speaker of the Reichstag. He played a part in Bismarck's social and wine legislation. In Andreas Deinhard, Deidesheim also had another of its sons in the Reichstag as a Member. He held a mandate from 1898 to 1903. Buhl, Jordan and Deinhard were all members of the National Liberal Party.
Three Deidesheimers held seats in the Chamber of Imperial Councillors (Kammer der Reichsräte) of the Kingdom of Bavaria: Franz Armand Buhl (from 1885 to 1896), Eugen Buhl (from 1896 to 1910) and Franz Eberhard Buhl (from 1911 to 1918). In the Bavarian Chamber of Deputies (Kammer der Abgeordneten), eight Deidesheimers were represented all together: Andreas Jordan (from 1831 to 1843), Ludwig Andreas Jordan (from 1848 to 1852 and from 1863 to 1871), Franz Peter Buhl (from 1855 to 1861), Eugen Buhl (from 1875 to 1896), Franz Eberhard Buhl (from 1907 to 1911), Andreas Deinhard (from 1881 to 1904), Johann Julius Siben (from 1899 to 1907), and Josef Siben (from 1907 to 1920). Besides the eight resident Members, there were also two other Members of the Bavarian Chamber of Deputies who had been born in Deidesheim: Josef Giessen (from 1907 to 1918) and Franz Tafel (from 1840 to 1843, from 1849 to 1858 and from 1863 to 1869). The latter also had a seat in the Frankfurt Parliament.
After the Second World War, one more Deidesheimer went into state politics: Hanns Haberer, who was born in Bruchmühlbach and now lived in his wife's hometown, was Economics and Finance Minister from 1946 to 1947 in Rhineland-Palatinate’s first government and from 1947 to 1955 functioned as Secretary of State.
Town partnerships
Deidesheim maintains town partnerships with the following towns:
Saint-Jean-de-Boiseau, Loire-Atlantique, France
Bad Klosterlausnitz, Thuringia
Buochs, Nidwalden, Switzerland
Tihany, Veszprém County, Hungary
Consular representation
Deidesheim is home to the Honorary Consulate of the Republic of Togo.
Culture and sightseeing
Buildings
Saint Ulrich’s Parish Church
The Late Gothic Catholic Saint Ulrich's Parish Church was built between 1440 and 1480 as a successor to an older Chapel of Saint Mary. It is a three-naved groin-vaulted column basilica and the Palatinate's only major church building preserved from the mid 15th century. The church is counted among the most important witnesses to Late Gothic architecture in the Palatinate by the Bad Dürkheim district's catalogue of memorial sites.
Gasthaus zur Kanne
This inn was built about 1160 as an estate of the Cistercian Eußerthal Abbey to lodge and entertain travellers. From this branch location of the Abbey grew today's inn, whose innkeepers and leaseholders can be traced back in an unbroken line to the year 1374. The inn is therefore said to be the Palatinate’s oldest. Today the inn is run by the Wachenheim winery Weingut Dr. Bürklin-Wolf.
Castle Deidesheim
Castle Deidesheim (Schloss Deidesheim) was built in the 13th century when Deidesheim still belonged to the Prince-Bishopric of Speyer. It was likely the seed from which sprang today’s town of Deidesheim, and was the seat of the Speyer Episcopal administration. Because it has been destroyed twice, the castle has been subject to profound building alterations.
Heidenlöcher
On the Martensberg (mountain), some northwest of Deidesheim, are found the Heidenlöcher (singular: Heidenloch – “heathen holes”), the ruins of a refuge castle, which once offered Deidesheimers shelter to which they could flee in times of war. It is believed to have been built in the 9th or 10th century, but never used for its intended purpose. Its utterly ruined state today is merely from the ravages of time, not war.
Deidesheimer Spital
The Deidesheimer Spital is a short-term residence for seniors with a 500-year history full of changes. It was endowed by the Deidesheim knight Nikolaus von Böhl and served over time as both a civilian and military hospital. In an air raid on the Spital in the Second World War, nine people lost their lives. Since 1994 the Café Alt Deidesheim has belonged to it as a “meeting place of the generations”, as has the Gästehaus „Ritter von Böhl“ (inn), whose proceeds go to benefit the Spital.
Former synagogue
The former synagogue was built in the mid 19th century by the Jewish community. With its dissolution under Nazi Germany, the building was liquidated and used for a few decades as a storehouse. In the late 1980s, the building was placed under monumental protection and later bought by the town of Deidesheim. Since its renovation about the turn of the millennium, the former synagogue has been used for cultural events.
Historic Town Hall
The Historic Town Hall (Historisches Rathaus) was built in 1532. After sustaining heavy damage in the Nine Years' War, it was built, this time in the Baroque style. Its twin outdoor stairways with its “baldachin” porch come from 1724. The historic council chamber inside was done in Renaissance Revival style in 1912. Stained glass in the windows from the same year shows the coats of arms of resident landed families. In the building has been since 1986 the Museum für Weinkultur, whose exhibits reflect the history of winegrowing.
Fountains
The Geißbockbrunnen (“Billygoat Fountain”) from 1985 was created by sculptor Gernot Rumpf. It can be found in the Deidesheim Town Square (Stadtplatz) across from the Stadthalle (literally “town hall”, but actually an event venue) and follows the theme of the Geißbockversteigerung (see Regular events below), which is held in Deidesheim each year on Whit Tuesday.
The Andreasbrunnen (“Andrew’s Fountain”) on the Deidesheim Marketplace (Marktplatz) comes from 1851 and was endowed by Ludwig Andreas Jordan and his kin. It is named for his father Andreas Jordan (1775–1848), Deidesheim's former mayor and a trailblazer for producing Qualitätsweine in the Palatinate. The fountain was poured by the Gienanthsche Hütte (foundry) in Eisenberg and is based on Italian Renaissance models.
The Geschichts- und Brauchtumsbrunnen (“History and Tradition Fountain”) at the Königsgarten (“King’s Garden”) shows on the one hand important junctures in Deidesheim's history, such as the granting of town rights or the lordship of the Prince-Bishopric of Speyer, and on the other hand it recognizes local clubs who give themselves over to upholding traditions, such as the costume group and the Kerwebuwe (“kermis lads”). The fountain was created by sculptor Karl Seiter and finished in 2003.
Regular events
Geißbockversteigerung
The Geißbockversteigerung (literally “Billygoat Auction”) is a folk festival in the form of a historical game that is celebrated each year on the Tuesday after Whitsun. The festival began with an old agreement with the neighbouring municipality of Lambrecht under which each year to pay off debts for woodland and meadow rights within Deidesheim's limits, a billygoat had to be delivered by Lambrecht, which was then auctioned, with the proceeds going to Deidesheim's benefit. This historical situation grew over time into a folk festival.
Deidesheim wine fair
The Deidesheimer Weinkerwe is a wine festival, and with over 100,000 visitors is the town's biggest folk festival. It has been celebrated in its current form since 1972 and quickly grew into one of the biggest wine festivals along the German Wine Route. The festival is always held on the second and third weekends of August, each time from Friday to Tuesday. At the fair, wineries and clubs from throughout the Verbandsgemeinde run temporary bars.
Advent
The Deidesheimer Advent is a Christmas market held on the four weekends in Advent. It has been held since 1975. More than 100 sellers from Deidesheim and the surrounding area run stalls, which must stylistically fit into the market's whole theme. The handicrafts, such as goldsmithing, ceramic, textile, woodcarving and glassblowing crafts play an important rôle in the Deidesheimer Advent. For the mulled wine that is served then, only wines from the Verbandsgemeinde of Deidesheim may be used, which also applies to the wine fair.
Lesser events
The Pfälzer Mineralienbörse (“Palatinate Mineral Exchange”) has been held each year since 1971 on the weekend after Whitsun at the Stadthalle.
The Deidesheimer Orgelherbst (“Organ Autumn”), a series of concerts under church musician Elke Voelker, has been held every year since 1996 in October over several Sundays at the Catholic Parish Church.
Twice each year, the Film- und Fotobörse (“Film and Photo Exchange”) is held at the Stadthalle at which objects from the fields of photography, film and projection are displayed and traded.
Museums
The Museum für Weinkultur is housed at the Historic Town Hall; it was opened in 1986. The museum's exhibited pieces reflect wine's cultural history and influence in fields such as literature, science, art and religion. The museum is financed by, among other things, contributions from the vineyard leaseholders at the Prominenten vineyard in the Deidesheimer Paradiesgarten.
The Deutsches Film- und Fototechnik Museum is found slightly slantwise across the street from the Historic Town Hall in the rooms of the Deidesheimer Spital; it was opened in December 1990. In some 300 m² are displayed more than 4,000 exhibits from all epochs of camera technology. The museum receives donated objects from, among others, Agfa, Kodak and Arri, but also from television operations such as ZDF and Südwestrundfunk.
Deidesheimer Turmschreiber
The Stiftung zur Förderung der Literatur in der Pfalz (“Foundation for Furthering Literature in the Palatinate”), in existence since 1978, invites well known men and women of letters every one to five years so that they can write “with a Palatine bearing” and thereafter publish the fruits of their labour. The Foundation is financed by the Deutsche Akademie für Sprache und Dichtung (“German Academy for Language and Poetry”), Südwestrundfunk, the state of Rhineland-Palatinate and the town of Deidesheim. Candidates for the office are selected by the Foundation's members. Because the writers, at least symbolically, reside in a little turret in the Castle Park (Schlosspark) of the former Castle Deidesheim (Schloss Deidesheim) during the term of their creative endeavours, they are called Turmschreiber (“Tower Writers”). The fund for this is endowed with €7,500. Recipients get a free stay in Deidesheim for a duration of four weeks and a three-bottle-a-day allowance in wine and become a vineyard leaseholder in the Prominenten vineyard in the Deidesheimer Paradiesgarten. Following is a list of all the “Tower Writers” thus far, their works, and the year in which each was in Deidesheim:
Wolfgang Altendorf (1978; “Wie ein Vogel im Paradiesgarten”)
Rudolf Hagelstange (1980; “Liebesreim auf Deidesheim”)
Ludwig Harig (1982; “Zum Schauen bestellt”)
Herbert Heckmann (1987; “Sieben Weinpredigten”)
Walter Helmut Fritz (1991; “Die Schlüssel sind vertauscht”)
Manuel Thomas (1992; no publication yet)
Hans-Martin Gauger (1996; no publication yet)
André Weckmann (1998; “Der Geist aus der Flasche und die Leichtigkeit der Zuversicht”)
Emma Guntz (2001; “Ein Jahr Leben”)
Fanny Morweiser (2003; “Deidesheimer Elegie oder wie man keinen Krimi schreibt”)
Bernd Kohlhepp (2006; “Der Ring des Piraten”)
Economy and infrastructure
Winegrowing
Vineyards
Deidesheim vineyards belong to the Palatinate wine region, and also to the Mittelhaardt-Deutsche Weinstraße winegrowing area (Anbaubereich). Local vineyard names used to be borne in ownership documents that described the plots’ locations and their boundaries. Some 170 vineyards and plots of greatly varying size are known to have been within the limits of Deidesheim, Niederkirchen, Forst and Ruppertsberg; they stretched partly across municipal boundaries as they now exist (they were not assigned until 1829). With the amendment to the Rhineland-Palatinate Wine Law in 1971, the Deidesheim vineyards were newly organized. Today there are eleven “single locations” – Einzellagen – and one winemaking appellation – Weingroßlage: the Einzellagen are Grainhübel, Herrgottsacker, Hohenmorgen, Kalkofen (whose name, oddly enough, means “lime kiln”), Kieselberg, Langenmorgen, Leinhöhe, Letten, Mäushöhle, Nonnenstück and Paradiesgarten; the Weingroßlage is called Hofstück. All together, the Einzellagen have an area of 523.58 ha; the Weingroßlage, to which belong many other Einzellagen in other centres, has an area of 1 401 ha. No longer to be found since the reorganization are names such as Geheu, Hahnenböhl, Kränzler, Reiß, Rennpfad, Vogelsang and Weinbach.
Winegrowing history
Long before there were domesticated grapes, wild grapes grew in the area around Deidesheim. Witnessing this are remains of vines from some 4,500,000 years ago found about north of Deidesheim near. It is said to be certain, however, that wine was being made in Central Europe no earlier than the beginning of the Christian Era. Whether it was being done at Deidesheim at this time is a matter of speculation: Finds of wine amphorae and a barrel-shaped glass jug from Roman times near Deidesheim and Ruppertsberg do indeed suggest that wine was being enjoyed at this time. Unambiguous evidence of any winegrowing right near Deidesheim in Roman times, however, is lacking.
About winegrowing in the Middle Ages little is known. In 770, Deidesheim was named for the first time in a document from Fulda Abbey as being a winegrowing centre. Today's vineyards in Deidesheim were only cleared after the turn of the second millennium. The change in land use can be seen in neighbouring placenames Forst (“forest”) and Haardt. With the so-called Ungeld (“unmoney”), a tax on wine allowed by the Prince-Bishop of Speyer in 1360, the town wall's building and maintenance were financed. The earliest mention of a grape variety in Deidesheim was in 1504, when Gänsfüßer (Argant) was named.
In the early 19th century, an important change took hold in winegrowing in the Palatinate. The Deidesheim landowner Andreas Jordan therein became the first to produce Qualitätswein. Well known to him was the worth of the late harvest of noble-rot-bearing grapes at Schloss Johannisberg, and this selective principle he also followed in his own winery. Moreover, he first used, along with vintage and variety, the location name “Deidesheimer Geheu” as a trademark for his wines. As a result of this striving for quality, which later the other local winemakers also made their own, Deidesheim wines earned themselves great repute in the 19th century.
By implementing his ideas in production and marketing, Andreas managed to earn Qualitätswein prizes, becoming very wealthy and able to expand his winery appreciably. When he died in 1848, his bequest was split three ways – an event known as the Jordansche Teilung (Teilung means “division” or “sharing” in German) – giving rise to Deidesheim's three biggest wineries, which thenceforth developed independently of each other and still exist today. They bear the names Geheimer Rat Dr. von Bassermann-Jordan, Reichsrat von Buhl and Dr. Deinhard.
Because many smaller winemakers were hit hard in the wake of cheap imports and rising labour costs due to the emerging industrialization in the late 19th century, the Deidesheim Winemakers’ Association (Deidesheimer Winzerverein) was founded in 1898 on schoolteacher Johannes Mungenast's initiative. It was the Palatinate’s first winemakers’ association. The winemakers who joined were offered a common wine cellar and common marketing. A further association, formed by small winemakers in 1913, was the Winzergenossenschaft, which merged with the Winzerverein in 1966.
Beginning in 1972 – and therefore somewhat later than in other parts of the Palatinate – a Flurbereinigung process was undertaken near Deidesheim, which gave the area a new look. The last Flurbereinigung operation was finished in 2007. These processes allowed winemakers to save on the cost of harvesting, as this could now more easily be done with tractors and harvesting machines.
Winegrowing today
Just like Deidesheim's secondary economic underpinning, tourism, winegrowing, too, profits to a great extent from the Weinstraße region's natural particularity, namely the extraordinarily favourable climate. In Deidesheim, there are many wineries, a Sekt cellar and a winemakers’ association. There are 85 winegrowing operations each cultivating an area of at least 0.3 ha. All together, working vineyards cover 485 ha, making the average for each operation 3.7 ha. At this time, 83.7% of the whole area is planted with white wine varieties, while the other 16.3% is planted with red, although the percentage of red is rising; in the early 1980s, the red's share of the vineyards lay at less than 2%. By far the most widely planted variety is Riesling, with other wines being produced here mainly from Müller-Thurgau, Silvaner, Pinot noir, Portugieser and Gewürztraminer varieties.
Tourism
In Deidesheim a considerable catering and lodging industry has sprung up, which can easily be traced to the winegrowing and its widespread fame. Since winegrowing and tourism profit from each other, they are to a certain extent dependent on each other. In Deidesheim there are many hotels and pensions whose capacity is some 800 beds. Moreover, for a town of Deidesheim's size, there are very many restaurants, of which the best known may be the Gasthaus zur Kanne (“Inn at the Jug”) and the Schwarzer Hahn (“Black Cock”) at the Deidesheimer Hof Hotel. Tourism offers the most jobs in town; this development owes itself to rationalization measures in the winegrowing sector. Alongside winegrowing and its attendant festivals such as the Deidesheimer Weinkerwe and the Geißbockversteigerung described earlier on, the Palatinate Forest with its markedly well developed network of paths and many carparks for hikers is of great importance for tourism and recreation; many hikers and nature lovers come for these from the nearby urban agglomerations on day trips to Deidesheim.
Authorities
As seat of the like-named Verbandsgemeinde, the Rathaus der Verbandsgemeinde (“Verbandsgemeinde Hall”) in Deidesheim has since it took on its current duties on 1 January 1973 housed the Verbandsgemeinde administration. Here is, among other things, the Citizens’ Bureau (Bürgerbüro), a reception centre for citizens of the Verbandsgemeinde with questions and concerns having to do with the public sector, such as, for instance, issues of residency, issuing Personalausweise and passports, or issuing payroll tax cards and postal voting documents. Furthermore, there are also forms for requests of any kind and a lost-and-found.
Transport
Rail transport history
After the Palatinate’s first railway line, between Ludwigshafen and Bexbach, came into service in 1849, Dürkheim, Deidesheim and the other municipalities in the Middle Haardt, too, strove for a rail link. A local committee put forth a suggestion in 1860 to build a railway line from Neustadt to Dürkheim in Frankenthal, a request that was granted on 3 February 1862 by the administration of the Pfälzische Ludwigsbahn. One of the eight signers from the local committee was the Deidesheim landowner Ludwig Andreas Jordan. The Bavarian King Maximilian II eventually awarded the committee, represented by the eight signatories thereto, the “Supreme Concession Document for Forming a Corporation to Build and Run a Railway from Neustadt a. H. to Dürkheim”. To carry out this project, a company was formed, the Neustadt-Dürkheimer Eisenbahn-Gesellschaft, which was later absorbed by the Gesellschaft der Pfälzischen Nordbahnen.
In 1865, the Bad Dürkheim–Neustadt an der Haardt (now Neustadt an der Weinstraße) railway line was completed, whose trains also stopped at Deidesheim. On 6 May of that year, the first train made the roughly trip along the line. Until the late 19th century, Deidesheim grew into an important goods station. Important commodities that were handled here were dung, wood, coal and wine. Moreover, basalt, mined near the Pechsteinkopf (mountain) and transported to Deidesheim station by cableway, was loaded here. Goods transport, though, dwindled through to the 1980s until it was discontinued. Since then, there have only been passenger trains.
Public transport
Over the link afforded by the Neustadt–Bad Dürkheim line, each of those towns can be reached from the other in roughly 10 minutes by rail. The trains run half-hourly in both directions throughout the day. By changing trains at Neustadt's main station, both Mannheim and Kaiserslautern can then be reached by S-Bahn in about 30 minutes. With the introduction of “Rhineland-Palatinate timing” and the link to the RheinNeckar S-Bahn, Deidesheim is well linked to rail transport. Deidesheim is furthermore linked to the two bus routes Neustadt–Bad Dürkheim and Deidesheim–Ludwigshafen. Public transport in Deidesheim is within the area covered by the VRN tariff structures.
Highway transport
Running through Deidesheim from north to south is the German Wine Route, which used to be the same road as Bundesstraße 271. That road's new alignment has merely taken it along the town's eastern outskirts since it was opened as a bypass in 2000. The B 271 affords a quick link to the south to the Autobahn A 65 (interchange 11 Deidesheim), over which Ludwigshafen can be reached in about 25 minutes and Karlsruhe in about 50. To the north along the B 271 lies Bad Dürkheim, where there is an interchange on the A 650 (Bad Dürkheim–Ludwigshafen).
Media
For Deidesheim readers, the daily newspaper Die Rheinpfalz contains a local section called Mittelhaardter Rundschau, which is also available in Haßloch, Neustadt an der Weinstraße and the Lambrecht area as part of the same newspaper. Weekly, the advertising fliers Stadtanzeiger (in the Verbandsgemeinden of Deidesheim, Maikammer and Lambrecht, as well as in Neustadt an der Weinstraße) and Rund um die Mittlere Weinstraße (in the Verbandsgemeinden of Deidesheim and Wachenheim). Likewise weekly, the public journal of the Verbandsgemeinde of Deidesheim is delivered to every household in Deidesheim.
On the cable television network, the regional broadcaster Offener Kanal Ludwigshafen was available until 20 November 2008, but since that day, owing to cable network restructuring, subscribers now receive Offener Kanal Neustadt/Weinstraße and Rhein-Neckar Fernsehen.
Established businesses
Deidesheimer Hof
The hotel Deidesheimer Hof with its “Nobelrestaurant Schwarzer Hahn”, once run by leading-edge cook Manfred Schwarz, is known above all for former Federal Chancellor Helmut Kohl’s visits, on which he often brought along state guests to entertain. Margaret Thatcher, Mikhail Gorbachev and Boris Yeltsin, among others, thus all got to know the traditional Palatine dish Saumagen (“sow’s stomach”). The Deidesheimer Hof became the second five-star hotel in Rhineland-Palatinate in 2001 since the classification was introduced in 1996.
Reichsrat von Buhl winery
The winery's founder was Franz Peter Buhl (1809–1862); in 1849 it came into being through the so-called Jordansche Teilung, a division of inheritance (see Winegrowing history above). Today the winery cultivates a vineyard area of some 52 ha, mostly within Deidesheim's and Forst's limits and is a member of the VDP. In 1989 the house was leased to Japanese investors. Since 2005 it has belonged to the Niederberger Group.
Geheimer Rat Dr. von Bassermann-Jordan winery
The foundation stone for this wine estate was laid by Andreas Jordan (1775–1848), who with his ideas promoted the production and marketing of Palatine Qualitätsweine. Today the winery cultivates a vineyard area of some 42 ha, among them many locations within Deidesheim's and Forst's limits. The winery is a member of the VDP; in 2002 it was bought by the Neustadt entrepreneur Achim Niederberger and now belongs to his business group.
Leopold von Winning winery
The winery came into being through the so-called Jordansche Teilung (see Winegrowing history above); its first owner and founder was Friedrich Deinhard (1812–1871) from Koblenz whose father Johann Friedrich Deinhard had founded the Deinhard firm. The winery cultivates a vineyard area of some 40 ha within Deidesheim's, Ruppertsberg’s and Forst's limits and belongs to the VDP. Since late 2007, it has belonged to the Niederberger Group.
Sektkellerei Deidesheim
In this business, which once dealt purely with winegrowing, Klaus Reis began to build a Sekt wine cellar after the Second World War alongside the bottle wholesale business founded by his father Johannes. This Sektkellerei now works 6 ha of its own vineyards around Deidesheim and draws the greater part of the raw wines that it needs to make Sekt from wineries in the nearby area. It is a member of the Deutscher Sektverband and is under the family Reis's ownership.
J. Biffar & Co. GmbH
This company is one of Germany's last producers of candied fruit used in the manufacture of sweetmeats and pralines. It was founded in 1890 by Josef Biffar, who had dealt much with the process of candying. Linked with the company is the , which belongs to the VDP.
Famous people
Sons and daughters of the town
Andreas Jordan (1775−1848), Mayor of Deidesheim, Member of the Bavarian Landtag and trailblazer in the introduction of Qualitätswein growing in the Palatinate
Franz Tafel (1799−1869), Member of the Bavarian Landtag
Ludwig Andreas Jordan (1811−1883), Mayor of Deidesheim, Member of the Bavarian Landtag and Member of the Reichstag
Eugen Buhl (1841−1910), Member of the Bavarian Landtag
Andreas Deinhard (1845−1907), Member of the Bavarian Landtag and Member of the Reichstag
Heinrich Buhl (1848−1907), legal scholar
Johann Julius Siben (1851−1907), Mayor of Deidesheim and Member of the Bavarian Landtag
Josef Giessen (1858−1944), Member of the Bavarian Landtag
Josef Siben (1864−1941), Member of the Bavarian Landtag
Franz Eberhard Buhl (1867−1921), Member of the Bavarian Landtag
Ludwig Bassermann-Jordan (1869−1914), Mayor of Deidesheim, leader in the founding of the Verband Deutscher Prädikatsweingüter
Friedrich von Bassermann-Jordan (1872−1959), winegrowing historian and honorary citizen of Deidesheim
Ernst von Bassermann-Jordan (1876–1932), German art and timepiece collector
Famous people associated with the town
Carl Heinrich "Bipontinus" Schultz (1805−1867), botanist, initiator in the founding of Pollichia, a conservation club
Franz Peter Buhl (1809−1862), Member of the Baden and Bavarian Landtage
Emil Bassermann-Jordan (1835−1915), banker
Franz Armand Buhl, (1837−1896), Member of the Bavarian Landtag, Member of the Reichstag and Vice-President of the Reichstag
Hanns Haberer (1890−1967), Minister for Economics and Finance in Rhineland-Palatinate and honorary citizen of Deidesheim
Theo Becker (1927−2006), oenologist and Master of the Wine Brotherhood of the Palatinate
Stefan Steinweg (1969– ), professional cyclist, German champion, world champion and Olympic medallist
Further reading
Kurt Andermann, Berthold Schnabel: Deidesheim – Beiträge zu Geschichte und Kultur einer Stadt im Weinland. Jan Thorbecke Verlag, Sigmaringen 1995,
Horst Müller: Berühmte Weinorte – Deidesheim. Falkenverlag Niederhausen/Taunus 1976
Karl Heinz Himmler, Berthold Schnabel, Paul Tremmel: Dienstag nach Pfingsten – Der Höhepunkt im Leben des Deidesheimer Geißbocks. D. Meininger Verlag, Neustadt/Weinstraße 1982,
Fanny Morweiser: Deidesheimer Elegie oder wie man keinen Krimi schreibt. Verlag Pfälzer Kunst, Landau i. d. Pfalz 2004,
Heinz Schmitt: Geißbock, Wein und Staatsbesuche – Deidesheim in den letzten 150 Jahren. Verlag Pfälzer Kunst, Landau in der Pfalz 2000,
Hans-Jürgen Wünschel: Ein vergessenes Kapitel. Deidesheim nach dem Ende der Diktatur. Knecht-Verlag, Landau in der Pfalz 1994
References
External links
Palatinate Forest
Bad Dürkheim (district)
Holocaust locations in Germany | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Deidesheim |
Yelli is the song sung by Baka women early in the morning.
See also
Baka Beyond
Baka (Cameroon and Gabon)
External links
The Baka - Songs and Rhythms:YELLI
Cameroonian songs
Year of song unknown
Songwriter unknown | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yelli |
Freinsheim (; Palatine German: Fränsem) is a town in the Bad Dürkheim district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. With about 5,000 inhabitants, it is among the state's smaller towns. It is also the seat of the like-named Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality.
Geography
Freinsheim lies in the Upper Rhine Plain at the eastern edge of the Palatinate forest, roughly 20 km west of Ludwigshafen between Bad Dürkheim (about 6 km to the southwest) and Grünstadt near the German Wine Route. Within town limits rises the Fuchsbach.
History
As established by various archaeological finds, Freinsheim's municipal area has been continuously settled by human beings for roughly 5,000 years. An organized community likely existed beginning in the 6th century, as witnessed by the discovery of a Merovingian linear graveyard. Freinsheim had its first documentary mention in 773 in the Weißenburg Monastery's records (this place is now Wissembourg in Alsace, France).
In the 15th century, Freinsheim passed to the Electorate of the Palatinate, under whose care the existing fortifications were completed. The town wall's most recent building work is the äußeres Eisentor (“outer iron gate”), finished in 1514. In 1689, Freinsheim sustained heavy destruction in the Nine Years' War (known in Germany as the Pfälzischer Erbfolgekrieg, or War of the Palatine Succession); only foundations were left standing. In the 18th century came reconstruction. Administrative functions within the Electorate of the Palatinate (such as the institution of an Unteramt) helped bring about an economic upswing. After the French Revolution and the Congress of Vienna, Freinsheim passed to the Kingdom of Bavaria along with the rest of the Palatinate on the Rhine’s left bank. Until 1818, Freinsheim belonged to a Ganerbschaft (joint inheritance), which comprised the Leiningen villages of Leistadt, Herxheim am Berg and Kallstadt as well as the Electorate of the Palatinate villages of Freinsheim and Weisenheim am Sand.
A small number of immigrants are known to have moved from Freinsheim to Pennsylvania in the 18th century, including Henry Antes, a leader of the Moravian Church.
After the Second World War, Freinsheim belonged to the newly founded federal state of Rhineland-Palatinate. It has been seat of the Verbandsgemeinde since 1972. With effect from 23 June 1979, given its historical importance, the Rhineland-Palatinate Landtag bestowed the title Stadt (“town”) upon Freinsheim.
Politics
Town council
The council is made up of 20 council members, who were elected at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman.
The municipal election held on 7 June 2009 yielded the following results:
Mayors
Matthias Weber (FWG) was elected Stadtbürgermeister in June 2016. He is the successor of Jürgen Oberholz (FWG).
Coat of arms
The town's arms might be described thus: Per fess azure a demi-lion rampant sinister Or armed, langued and crowned gules and argent an uppercase letter F of the third between two bunches of grapes in fess of the first.
The crowned lion symbolizes the historical connection with the Electorate of the Palatinate, since this charge was that state's emblem (although it is halved here), while the F is, of course, the town's initial. The two bunches of blue grapes stand for the local winegrowing, which began quite early on with red wine varieties, which nowadays take up almost half of the cultivated vineyard area within the town.
The town's earliest seal comes from the early 15th century, and shows the arms borne by the local fiefholders, the Lords of Meckenheim. However, the current arms are based on the town's second seal, dating from 1446. Some versions since that time have shown roses instead of the grapes that appear now.
Historically, the Palatine Lion should be shown on a sable (black) field. When these arms were granted, though, the tinctures were not the traditional Palatine ones, but rather the Bavarian ones, as the town was part of the Kingdom of Bavaria at the time.
The arms have been borne since 1845.
Verbandsgemeinde
As seat of the Verbandsgemeinde of Freinsheim, Freinsheim is home to its administration. Belonging to the Verbandsgemeinde are the municipalities of Bobenheim am Berg, Dackenheim, Erpolzheim, Herxheim am Berg, Kallstadt, Weisenheim am Berg and Weisenheim am Sand.
Town partnerships
Freinsheim fosters partnerships with the following places:
Marcigny, Saône-et-Loire, France
Buttstädt, Sömmerda, Thuringia
Culture and sightseeing
Literature prize
In memory of one of Freinsheim's most important citizens, the Hermann-Sinsheimer-Preis has been awarded since 1983. Prizewinners thus far have been, among others, Siegfried Lenz, Hilde Domin, Carola Stern, Marcel Reich-Ranicki and Marion Gräfin Dönhoff.
Buildings
Town wall
A particularity of Freinsheim is the Late Gothic town wall with its towers and gates, which has been almost wholly preserved and is roughly 1 300 m long. It forms the basis of the town's historical appearance. Worthiest of note is the outer gate at the Eisentor (“Iron Gate”) with its flanking towers and the Electorate of the Palatinate coat of arms. The heart of the town is extraordinarily well restored.
Protestant parish church
The old main church of Freinsheim was, until its destruction in 1689, probably a Late Gothic hall church. Today it has a flat ceiling. The lower floor of the tower is still Romanesque.
Former castle
The moated castle, which was held by the Electorate of the Palatinate beginning in 1471, lies outside the town wall. The round moat is still filled with water today. The main building standing today is a private house from the early 19th century.
Wayside shrine
In the vineyards on the road to Ungstein stands a Late Gothic Bildstock with a Crucifixion group in a frame with a pointed arch. It bears the name Schwarzes Kreuz (“Black Cross”), after which one of Freinsheim's wineries has named itself.
West tower
The Romanesque Westturm at the mountain graveyard south of and somewhat outside the town is a former entrance tower to the likewise Romanesque Chapel of Our Lady on the Mountain. Forms on the west portal suggest an origin in the mid 11th century. The original roofing is no longer present.
Regular events
Rotweinwanderweg
The Rotweinwanderweg (“Red Wine Trail”) is held on the fourth weekend in January. It opens on the Friday at dusk with a torchlight hike on which log torches (Schwedenfeuer) are made. On the Saturday and Sunday, the hiking takes place in the daytime, during which local winemakers along the trail through the vineyards around Freinsheim offer hikers selected red wines and dishes to go with them.
Freinsheimer Altstadtfest
Each year on the first weekend in June, the Freinsheim Old Town Festival is held. Its motto is Wein und Kultur auf historischen Plätzen (“Wine and culture on historic squares”). In this, the town of Freinsheim places much importance on sophisticated cultural performances, which are then presented at the marketplace, the Retzerhof or the Saarhof. As a rule, the festival lasts from Friday to Sunday.
Stadtmauerfest
The Town Wall Festival held on the third weekend in July in the historic gate is among the region's biggest wine festivals.
Kulinarischer Weinwanderweg
The Culinary Wine Trail is held on the fourth weekend in September, running through the town's vineyards. Winemakers and gastronomical businesses offer traditional Palatine cooking, Mediterranean dishes, wine and Federweisser.
Weihnachtsmarkt
The Christmas Market on the four weekends in Advent attracts visitors with its Nativity scene, in which living animals are used.
Economy and infrastructure
Economy
Although winegrowing has been edging fruitgrowing out as the town's main agricultural endeavour since the mid 20th century, the town is nevertheless still the seat of one of Germany's great fruit juice producers. Today, Freinsheim is among the Palatinate’s biggest winegrowing centres. Because of the historic Old Town, meanwhile, tourism has also grown into an important economic factor.
Transport
Freinsheim station is at the junction of the Palatine Northern Railway (Bad Dürkheim–Grünstadt) and the Freinsheim–Frankenthal railway line, affording direct links towards Neustadt, Frankenthal and, by way of Grünstadt, to Monsheim or Ramsen.
From both Neustadt and Frankenthal run long-distance links towards Mannheim, Saarbrücken and Mainz.
Over the nearby Bundesstraße 271, Freinsheim is linked to the Autobahnen A 6 (Mannheim–Saarbrücken), A 61 (Koblenz–Speyer) and A 65 (Ludwigshafen–Karlsruhe).
Except on the main thoroughfares (Landesstraßen, or State Roads), the whole town is either a 30 km/h zone or a zone with traffic-calming measures in place.
Famous people
Sons and daughters of the town
Jacob Gottfried Weber (1779–1839), trained jurist, was a musician at the Mannheim Conservatory.
Philipp Lorenz Geiger (1785–1836), chemist and pharmacist
Philipp Tillmann (1809–died after 1881), politician
Philipp Merkle (1811–1899), German-American Freethinker and preacher
Hermann Sinsheimer (1883–1950), journalist and jurist, was editor-in-chief of Simplicissimus; in his honour Freinsheim awards the Hermann-Sinsheimer-Preis. In his Am Schwarzen Kreuz (“At the Black Cross”) stories, Sinsheimer wrote down his memories of his childhood in Freinsheim.
Franz Lind (1900–1966), painter and sculptor
Manfred Scherer (1951–), politician (CDU)
Famous people associated with the town
Emil Bert Hartwig (1907–1996), painter, student of the master Paul Klee, lived in Freinsheim and died there.
(1897–1994), painter and graphic artist, grew up in Freinsheim.
Further reading
Hermann Sinsheimer: Gelebt im Paradies, Beschreibung einer Kindheit und Jugend im Freinsheim des ausgehenden 19. Jahrhunderts. München 1953,
Alexander Thon: Freinsheim. In: Jürgen Keddigkeit (ed.): Pfälzisches Burgenlexikon. Beiträge zur pfälzischen Geschichte Bd. 12/2, Institut für Pfälzische Geschichte und Volkskunde, Kaiserslautern 2002, , .
Clemens Jöckle: Freinsheim. Schnell & Steiner, Regensburg 1998
Eduard Finke: " Die romanischen Kirchtürme in der Pfalz", Mainz 1994, .
References
External links
Town’s official webpage
Bad Dürkheim (district) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Freinsheim |
Richard Hope is a British actor who gained recognition from Brideshead Revisited as the doltish junior officer, Hooper, under Jeremy Irons charge. He is best known for playing Harris Pascoe in the UK TV drama Poldark. His theatre career includes portraying Pierre Bezukhov in War and Peace at the Royal National Theatre and having starred in another Tolstoy adaptation by Helen Edmundson, playing Levin in Anna Karenina. In 2015, he played Hector in The History Boys. In 2018–2019, he starred in the West End production The Woman in Black as Arthur Kipps.
Career
In 1978, Laurence Olivier gave Hope his first main professional TV part in Laurence Olivier Presents Saturday, Sunday, Monday by Eduardo de Filippo. Hope worked with Olivier again in 1981 when he appeared in the first and last episodes of Brideshead Revisited, in which he played Lieutenant Hooper.
Hope played Ford Prefect in the first stage production of Douglas Adams The Hitchhiker's Guide to the Galaxy with Ken Campbell's The Science Fiction Theatre of Liverpool. He also appeared in their 22-hour epic The Warp and The Third Policeman. Campbell introduced him to Jérôme Savary and so Hope made his first West End appearance with his musical theater company Le Grand Magic Circus in 1001 Nights at the Shaftesbury Theatre in 1980.
He was Bertozzo in Accidental Death of an Anarchist (1979) UK Tour with Alfred Molina for The Belt and Braces Theatre Company directed by Gavin Richards ending at the Half Moon Theatre in London. Richards played Molina's part when it transferred six months later to the Wyndham's Theatre in the West End.
In 1981, Peter Gill cast him in Don Juan and Much Ado About Nothing which started his long association with The National Theatre.
In 1984, he joined the Richard Eyre / David Hare Company playing Bill Smiley in the premiere of Pravda with Anthony Hopkins and then switching to the role of Eaton Sylvester in two extended revivals in the Olivier Theatre. This also included ensemble productions of The Government Inspector with Rik Mayall and Jim Broadbent and Tim McInnerny's Hamlet, in which he played Horatio. He met Simon McBurney at the National Theatre Studio, where Hope helped devise and develop The Visit and Street of Crocodiles for Theatre de Complicite. 1988 saw The Visit production as part of the 'Théâtre de Complicité at the Almeida' season, before the theatre closed for refurbishment; the production was revised in collaboration with The National Theatre in the Lyttleton stage in 1991. The production was invited to Spoleto Festival USA .
In 1987, he played Salto in Handmade Films thriller Bellman and True, written and directed by Richard Loncraine, and Hull City A.F.C. fan Malcolm in Mark Herman's comedy See You At Wembley, Frankie Walsh which won the Student Academy Award. In Piece of Cake directed by Ian Toynton he was ‘Skull' Skelton and he played Mortimer Tundish in both series of Debbie Horsfield's comedy drama The Riff Raff Element, with Celia Imrie and Nicholas Farrell.
In 1996, he returned to the National Theatre as Pierre Bezukhov in the Shared Experience joint production of Leo Tolstoy's War and Peace, adapted by Helen Edmundson and directed by Nancy Meckler and Polly Teale. In 1998 he starred in another Tolstoy adaptation by Helen Edmundson, playing Levin in the Shared Experience production of Anna Karenina. Hope was associate director of this production which toured internationally, including runs at the Brooklyn Academy of Music and the Lyric Theatre. Clive Barnes of the New York Post described it as ‘One of the true highlights of a lifetime of theatre-going'.
In 2000, under coach Geoff Thompson (author of Real Punching), Hope learnt to wrestle for Jim Cartwright's Hard Fruit at the Royal Court Theatre, directed by James Macdonald. During a performance of Hard Fruit, Hope broke his wrist when he hit a punch post that was missing its padding; he continued the run of the show with an "authentic" bandaged hand. With Mark Rylance he was one of the six actors in Mike Alfreds' Cymbeline at Shakespeare's Globe Theatre in 2001. In 2002, the Royal National Theatre staged Simon Bent's adaptation of John Irving's A Prayer for Owen Meany with Aidan McArdle as the title character and Hope as John Wheelwright.
Hope has been in several police dramas: Superintendent Harold Spence in Agatha Christie's Poirot, Barry Purvis for two series of Murder Investigation Team and semi-regular Rod Jessop, the local headmaster, in The Bill.
Hope's first role in a musical was as Max Kellerman in Dirty Dancing at the Aldwych Theatre in 2010, staying for eighteen months. He played Horst Ehmke in Paul Miller's revival in Sheffield of Michael Frayn's play Democracy, which transferred to London's Old Vic Theatre in 2012. This was the third Frayn play he had performed in, having toured the UK in Donkeys' Years and Noises Off.
Hope returned to the Almeida Theatre as Gabriel York in Andrew Bovell's When the Rain Stops Falling in 2009 and in 2012 as Albany in King Lear with Jonathan Pryce. In 2014, he played Queen Elizabeth I in the UK premiere of Sarah Ruhl's stage adaptation of Virginia Woolf's Orlando at the Royal Exchange with Suranne Jones, directed by Max Webster. In 2015, Hope played Hector in Kate Saxon's production of Alan Bennett's The History Boys in the Sell A Door Theatre Company UK Tour. From 2015 to 2016, Hope continued his long-standing collaboration with Helen Edmundson, playing Sidney Godolphin in the original Royal Shakespeare Company production of her original play Queen Anne, starring Natascha McElhone. In 2017 Queen Anne transferred to the Haymarket Theatre with Romola Garai.
He played recurring characters Malokeh and Bleytal (Silurians) in Doctor Who, and has recorded several related audios with Big Finish, including Dr Who - Doom Coalition 3: "Absent Friends", which won the BBC Audio Drama Award 2017.
From May 2018 through March 2019, Richard played Arthur Kipps in The Woman in Black by Susan Hill adapted into a stage play by Stephen Mallatratt at the Fortune Theatre, London. Richard had already played Jerome in the 2004 BBC Radio 4 version directed by John Taylor as a Fiction Factory production.
In 2019, he returned as Harris Pascoe, Ross Poldark's banker and friend, for his fifth season of Poldark with screenplay by Debbie Horsfield. He previously worked with Horsfield on The Riff Raff Element.
He also appeared in an episode of Casualty.
Stage
Filmography
Film
Television
Audio work
References
External links
English male stage actors
English male film actors
English male radio actors
English male television actors
Living people
National Youth Theatre members
People from Kettering
1953 births | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Richard%20Hope%20%28actor%29 |
Julip Horses Ltd is a United Kingdom-based company which produces a range of 1/12-scale model horses.
Overview
In 1945, Lavender Dower (d. 2003) began making model horses out of chamois leather, using the lead from London buildings bombed during World War II to make their legs. Five years later the company switched to making the horses out of latex, the same material used to make the current line of Julip Originals. Dower sold the company in the 1950s. Models were sold from a shop in Beauchamp Place, London - part of the smart Knightsbridge shopping area and not far from Harrods.
Lead continued to be used to provide the support and flexibility in the legs of the latex horses until at least the early 1960s, when lead as a component of children's toys was banned in the UK for safety reasons.
Juip was just one of several companies producing cast-latex model horses in the 1950s and 1960s, but the only one to continue in business past 1968. The company's main rival was known as Isis, whose products were preferred by serious collectors of the period for their greater detail. Other companies included Pegasus and Otway, and in the late 1960s the internationally renowned animalier artist Pamela du Boulay began her sculpting career with a range of exquisite latex models sold under the 'Rydal' name.
The production process for latex models is simple, and similar to the early stages of pottery production. Plaster moulds are made from a 'master' model. When the plaster is completely dry, a mix of liquid latex and an inert 'filler' is poured into the mould and left to stand until a coating of latex has developed around the inside of the mould. The remaining liquid latex is poured away for reuse, and the casting allowed to dry out until it is firm enough to be removed from the mould. This part of the process is identical to the way ceramics are cast. With the casting removed, the plaster mould is left to dry out, and cannot be reused until 100% dry once more. Each casting progressively destroys the interior of the mould, so after a relatively limited number of casts, the mould has to be discarded and new ones made from the master. This explains why each individual Julip is different even from other examples of the same breed and from the same mould.
Once the casting is air-dry, it is then heat-cured or 'vulcanised'. This stabilises the latex, but if the vulcanising process is too short or carried out at too low a temperature, the latex can become unstable again - this is one of the reasons why Julips can become "gooey".
Julips were made at the Beauchamp Street premises until c.1968, when production moved to Romsey in Hampshire. Sales continued through Beauchamp Place, though now the ground floor of the shop became Julie Loughnan Children's Clothing and Julip moved into the now-legendary basement store premises, with its wallpaper depicting fashionable Victorian carriages. For many years, however, models appeared in an advertising case on the pavement in Beauchamp Place, at right-angles to the shop frontage and so easily visible to eager shoppers.
At this time the company was owned by a couple named Heath, who featured in an article on Julip which appeared in the 1973 PONY Magazine Annual.
Although Julip issued a detailed catalogue depicting all the models in their range in the mid 1960s, from 1967 onwards this was replaced by a typewritten sheet that simply listed the models and accessories, and which was accompanied by a printed sheet of photos which did not identify which model was which. This made shopping by mail order a complete lottery - customers were never exactly sure what they would receive until the sturdy brown cardboard box actually arrived.
During the 1980s the company was purchased by Annabel Levaux, and - after the introduction of mass-produced vinyl horses (Julip Horse of the Year - see below) - the latex range was relaunched as 'Julip Originals'. The Originals are now manufactured in the Berkshire.
Julip still make their models by hand in their workshop in Berkshire. Being made of latex, old Originals often have some age damage; common problems include worn paint and gummy or brittle latex. This particularly affects the feet, ears, and nose, so the vintage models need much care and gentle handling. Today, Julips can be ordered through the main office to your specifications in a mould and colour of your choice. They can even be copied from pictures of real horses or drawings. As they are handmade none are alike.
Latex Julips should be stored away from sources of heat (e.g. radiators) and sunlight - both heat and ultra-violet light "rot" rubber. Julips exposed to these conditions either dry out and become powdery ("perish"), or become gooey. Gooey models can be re-stabilised by storage in a dark, cold place for some time, but the process make take up several years to complete. A 'quick fix' for minor gooey spots is to apply superglue (cyanoacrylate adhesive) to the affected area, but this is not always a long-term cure and glue application may have to be repeated after some years.
Fabric should NEVER be applied to gooey areas of latex, as it is almost impossible to remove without further damage and makes proper restoration at a later date much more complicated.
In 1989 a new range of Julip horses was launched: the Horse of the Year range. These models were much more solid, being made first of rubber and then of solid plastic, making them much more durable for play than the Originals. Some of this range are sold with accessories, and other miniature stable-yard accessories are available separately. Models have been made in this range as portraits of real horses, such as Horse and Pony's Freddie, Mousie, one of the Julip Director Annabel's own horses or Ted the Clydesdale foal. Some of these portrait models, such as ILPH Bob the Cob, have been sold with some of the profits going to the charity. Currently on sale is the set Rosie and Rocket, some of the profits of which are going to the Mark Davies Injured Riders Fund. In the Originals range, there was a Welsh Cob model of "Oliver" who was being sold to raise funds for the RDA.
Many Julip collectors customise the cheaper, less valuable HOTYs and a few dare to have a go at Originals. They can be rehaired, resculpted and repainted as well as any other model and new paintjobs by someone good with a paint brush can go far in the CTF (craft toy foundation) of model horse shows.
In September 2013, Julip was split into two different companies - Julip Originals and Julip Horses Ltd. Julip Horses Ltd focusses on the HOTY (plastic) models, whereas Julip Originals focusses on the latex models. Despite sharing a name and history, neither companies have anything to do with each other, so great care must be taken in making sure that you are addressing the right owner.
External links
Havillands - a Julip collector's website. Very informative, including restoration advice
Model horses | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Julip%20Horses%20Ltd |
Sultan Yussuff Izzuddin Shah Ibni Almarhum Sultan Abdul Jalil Karamatullah Nasiruddin Mukhataram Shah Radziallah Hu'an-hu, KCMG (15 January 1890 - 4 January 1963) was the 32nd Sultan of Perak, a state in the then Federation of Malaya.
Early life and education
Raja Yussuff was born on 15 January 1890 at Bukit Chandan, Kuala Kangsar, Perak. He was the eldest son of Sultan Abdul Jalil Nasiruddin Mukhataram Shah. Raja Yussuff was educated at Hogan School (later changed to Clifford School), Kuala Kangsar. He was appointed Raja Di Hilir in 1919 and later in 1921, became Raja Bendahara.
Sultan of Perak
In 1938, upon the death of his uncle, Sultan Iskandar Shah, he was appointed as Raja Muda. Raja Yusuf ascended the Perak throne in 1948 following the death of his cousin Sultan Abdul Aziz al-Mu’tasim Billah Shah.
Death
He died at Istana Iskandariah at 4:12 pm on 4 January 1963, ten weeks after the stroke which partially paralysed him and came 11 days before his birthday. He was 72. Almarhum was interred at the Al-Ghufran Royal Mausoleum on Bukit Chandan and was given the posthumous title of Marhum Ghafarullah. He was succeeded by his cousin Sultan Idris Iskandar Al-Mutawakkil Alallahi Shah.
Legacy
Sekolah Izzuddin Shah, Ipoh is the first islamic boy boarding school in Malaysia and sponsored by Perak State Government before has been taken over by KPM. Has been founded by the first Menteri Besar of Perak. Among the famous islamic school in Perak even in Malaysia.
SMK Sultan Yussuf in Batu Gajah and Sultan Yusuf Bridge in Batak Rabit is named in his honor.
Honours
Honours of Perak
Founding Grand Master of the Royal Family Order of Perak (12 December 1957 - 4 January 1963)
Founding Grand Master of the Order of the Perak State Crown (12 December 1957 - 4 January 1963)
Honour of Malaya
:
Recipient of the Order of the Crown of the Realm (DMN) (31 August 1958)
Foreign Honours
:
Honorary Knight Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George (KCMG) – Sir
References
1890 births
1963 deaths
Yussuff Izzuddin Shah
People from Kuala Kangsar
Malaysian Muslims
Malaysian people of Malay descent
Honorary Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
Recipients of the Order of the Crown of the Realm | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Yussuff%20Izzuddin%20Shah%20of%20Perak |
Stefani may refer to:
Places
Stefani, Boeotia, a settlement in Boeotia, Greece
Stefani, Corinthia, a village in the municipal unit of Tenea
Stefani, Preveza, a village in the municipality of Louros, Preveza regional unit, Greece
Stefani, Trikala, a village in the municipality of Kalampaka, Trikala regional unit, Greece
Other uses
Stefani (name)
4624 Stefani (1982 FV2), a main-belt asteroid
Agenzia Stefani, an Italian news agency
, a Hansa A Type cargo ship in service 1964-44
See also
Stephanie (disambiguation)
Stefan (disambiguation)
Stephani | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stefani |
Count Nikolay Semyonovich Mordvinov (; 17 April 1754 – 30 March 1845) was one of the most reputable Russian political thinkers of Alexander I's reign. He is associated with the reforms of Mikhail Speransky, who he advised on the ways to improve the performance of the national economy.
Mordvinov was an admiral's son and started his career in the Navy at an early age. He started his service in 1766 in the rank of midshipman. An Anglophile like his peer Chichagov, he spent three years – from 1774 to 1777 – serving on English ships in British North America. In 1783, he accompanied Chichagov during his expedition into the Mediterranean. However, he felt ill at ease with Potemkin's and De Ribas's management of the Imperial Russian Navy and retired in the late 1780s.
His career took a leap forward under Emperor Paul, who shared his intense dislike of Potemkin's coterie and recalled Mordvinov to service with the rank of admiral. In 1799, he was appointed Vice-President of the Admiralty. Three years later, when the Admiralty was transformed into the Navy Ministry, he became the first Navy Minister of Imperial Russia, but ceded this post to Pavel Chichagov within three months.
Mordvinov's independent-mindedness and Anglophile way of life made him a darling of the Muscovite society. In 1806, the Muscovite nobility elected him to lead a volunteer corps rallied against Napoleon. He became particularly popular with young liberals, who admired his courage to oppose the government when needed. Both Kondraty Ryleev and Alexander Pushkin dedicated enthusiastic poems to him.
He considered serfdom to be the main obstacle to the successful economic development of
Russia, and wrote that "Freedom, property, enlightenment and justice are the
main and only origins of wealth". He also advocated free enterprise, principles
of private property and, like Vorontsov, defended a protectionist customs tariff.
In 1823, Mordvinov was elected President of the Free Economic Society, a high-profile position which he filled for 17 years. During his term in office, he outlined his economic views in a number of writings. Mordvinov died at the age of 90 in St Petersburg.
Honours and awards
Order of St. Andrew
Order of St. Alexander Nevsky
Order of St. Vladimir, 1st class
Order of St. Anne, 1st class
References
Ikonnikov V.S. Граф Н.С. Мордвинов. Saint Petersburg, 1873.
Imperial Russian Navy admirals
Counts of the Russian Empire
Russian economists
Politicians from the Russian Empire
Members of the State Council (Russian Empire)
Members of the Russian Academy
Honorary members of the Saint Petersburg Academy of Sciences
Mordvin people
1754 births
1845 deaths
Recipients of the Order of St. Vladimir, 1st class
Recipients of the Order of St. Anna, 1st class
Burials at Lazarevskoe Cemetery (Saint Petersburg) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nikolay%20Mordvinov%20%28admiral%29 |
Lord Chedworth, Baron of Chedworth, in the County of Gloucester, was a title in the Peerage of Great Britain. It was created on 12 May 1741 for John Howe, who had earlier represented Wiltshire in Parliament. In 1736 he had succeeded to the estates of his cousin Sir Richard Howe, 2nd Baronet (see Howe Baronets and below). He was succeeded in the barony by his eldest son, John, the second Baron. He served as Lord-Lieutenant of Gloucestershire. He was childless and on his death in 1762 the title passed to his younger brother, Henry, the third Baron. He was unmarried and was succeeded by his nephew, John, the fourth Baron. He was the eldest surviving son of Reverend the Honourable Thomas Howe, younger son of the first Baron. He never married and the title became extinct on his death in 1804.
The first Baron was the son of John Grobham Howe, Paymaster of the Forces, son of John Grobham Howe, younger son of Sir George Grobham Howe, 1st Baronet (see Howe Baronets). Emanuel Scrope Howe and Scrope Howe, 1st Viscount Howe, were his uncles.
Barons Chedworth (1741)
John Howe, 1st Baron Chedworth (d. 1742)
John Thynne Howe, 2nd Baron Chedworth (1714–1762)
Henry Frederick Howe, 3rd Baron Chedworth (1715–1781)
John Howe, 4th Baron Chedworth (1754–1804)
See also
Howe Baronets
Earl Howe
References
Extinct baronies in the Peerage of Great Britain
Noble titles created in 1741 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Baron%20Chedworth |
30 by Ella is a 1968 studio album by the American jazz singer Ella Fitzgerald.
The album's unusual construction of six medleys of songs were arranged by Benny Carter. This album was Fitzgerald's final recording made for Capitol Records. The following album release on Capitol from Fitzgerald, Misty Blue had been recorded in late 1967.
Track listing
For the 1968 LP on Capitol Records; Capitol ST 2960; Re-issued in 2000 on CD, Capitol 7243 5 20090 2 2
Personnel
Ella Fitzgerald – vocals
Jimmy Jones – piano
Harry "Sweets" Edison – trumpet
Georgie Auld – tenor saxophone
John Collins – guitar
Panama Francis – drums (tracks 3 & 6)
Louie Bellson - drums (tracks 1, 2, 4, 5 & 7)
Bob West – bass
References
1968 albums
Capitol Records albums
Ella Fitzgerald albums
Albums arranged by Benny Carter | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/30%20by%20Ella |
Lambrecht is a town in the Bad Dürkheim district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany lying roughly 6 km northwest of Neustadt an der Weinstraße. It is the seat of the like-named Verbandsgemeinde.
Geography
Location
The municipality lies in the Palatinate, and indeed in the middle of the Palatinate Forest. It is crossed by the river Speyerbach. The municipality's highest mountain is the Kaisergarten at 519 m above sea level.
Land use
Lambrecht's 8.32 km² is distributed as follows:
History
In 977, Lambrecht had its first documentary mention. Duke Otto of Worms (Otto I, Duke of Carinthia) endowed the Benedictine Convent of Saint Lambrecht for the village of Grevenhausen. The convent was dissolved in 1553. In 1568, the disused convent's buildings together with houses, church and cropfields was turned over as an asylum by Frederick III, Elector Palatine to Walloons who had been driven from their homeland.
In 1838 or 1839, the two neighbouring villages of St Lambrecht and Grevenhausen merged. On 25 August 1849, Lambrecht became a stop on the railway when the Neustadt-Frankenstein section of the Palatinate Ludwig Railway was opened, completing the Rhein-Saar line for coal transport. Since 21 December 1887, Lambrecht has held town rights. On 1 March 1972, the Verbandsgemeinde of Lambrecht was formed. Administrative activities were assumed on 1 January 1973.
Religion
Lambrecht has an autonomous Catholic parish (Sacred Heart of Jesus/Herz Jesu). The Catholic parish is the sponsor of the St Lambertus daycare centre. The pastor in the parish community tends not only Lambrecht but also the municipalities of Lindenberg, Neidenfels-Frankeneck and Weidenthal-Frankenstein. The Lambrecht parish is part of the parish league of Neustadt (Weinstraße) in the deaconry of Bad Dürkheim and belongs to the Diocese of Speyer.
Together with the neighbouring centre of Lindenberg there exists a Protestant parish. Lambrecht is part of the Protestant deaconry of Neustadt in the Evangelical Church of the Palatinate.
In 2007, 43.8% of the inhabitants were Evangelical and 30.4% Catholic. The rest belonged to other faiths or adhered to none.
Politics
Town council
The council is made up of 20 council members, who were elected at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman.
The municipal election held on 7 June 2009 yielded the following results:
Coat of arms
The German blazon reads:
The town's arms might in English heraldic language be described thus: Per fess sable a lion passant Or armed, langued and crowned gules, and vert three lambs argent passant.
The arms were granted on 21 December 1887 by Bavarian Prince Regent Luitpold and go back to a seal from 1707, although compositions involving the same charges go back to 1583. Several versions are known from the intervening time. One also showed the lion holding a book in his paws to symbolize the University of Heidelberg, which was the local landlord after 1553. The upper field in the escutcheon shows the Palatine Lion, although here passant (walking) instead of rampant (rearing up). This stands for the town's former allegiance to Electoral Palatinate. The sheep – or rather lambs, as the German blazon stipulates – symbolize the wool industry that throve here after the Walloon refugees arrived in the 16th century. They are also canting for the name Lambrecht (“lamb” is Lamm in German).
Culture and sightseeing
Buildings and other manmade monuments
Karl-Marx-Straße 14 – the building that thus far has the earliest dating (1606)
Wallonenstraße 11 – guildhall from 1607/1608 – restored 2004–06 – today town hall of the town of Lambrecht
Untermühle (“Lower Mill”) – from 1743 (near the bridge across the Speyerbach on Fabrikstraße)
Dominican nuns’ former convent church – today a Protestant church, begun in 1320
Catholic Parish Church Herz Jesu (“Heart of Jesus”) – oldest parts from 1750, quire, nave and tower from 1953
so-called Post-Turm (tower) – built in 1884 by commercial councillor Carl Marx on the model of Miramare near Trieste.
Villa Marx
Villa Haas
Organ by Johann Georg Geib from 1777 in the Protestant church (former convent church)
Dicker-Stein-Turm – lookout tower on the Hoher Kopf (Schauerberg)
Edith Stein memorial site
Glaß-Art-Collection
Natural monuments
Teufelsfelsen (“Devil’s Cliffs”) – cliff plateau with wonderful view
Regular events
Eierpicken on Easter Monday at Pickplatz – This is an Easter custom that involves a contest in which players attempt to shell each other's Easter eggs – each using his or her own egg as the “weapon”.
Delivery of the tribute billygoat to Deidesheim on Whit Tuesday as part of the Geißbockversteigerung (“Billygoat Auction”)
Geißbock-Festspiel at Marxparkplatz on Fabrikstraße across the street from the Jahnwiese sporting ground
Lambrechter Geißbock-Kerwe (fair), each year on the first Saturday in August
Sommerliche Abendmusiken (“Summertime Evening Music”) in the former convent church
Advent market
Every other year: industrial fair for commercial operations in Lambrecht and the surrounding area
Geißbock MTB-Marathon
Economy and infrastructure
Economy
For a long time, Lambrecht was said to be a clothmaking town. With the Huguenots, or more precisely the Walloons from Belgium who migrated here in the 16th century, a flourishing clothmaking industry grew up in Lambrecht. Thus it was that on Wallonenstraße, a street in Lambrecht's town centre, a genuine clothmaking centre with many hand-weaving businesses sprang up.
Witnessing this time is the Zunfthaus (“Guildhall”) from 1606/1607 with its oriel window. The stately building goes back to a wealthy Walloon immigrant.
After the Industrial Revolution, many businesses did not make the leap to factory scale. Nevertheless, in 1931 there were still nine cloth factories in town, and only in the 1960s did clothmaking finally die out as an industry.
Today, one former cloth factory makes felts, paper machine clothing and needled felts. In another former cloth factory, special switching devices are made, which have been successfully marketed worldwide. Moreover, a multifaceted midsize supply industry has developed.
Besides these operations, tourism and, to a far lesser extent, forestry are also among the town's economic factors. The town also has at its disposal a variety of shopping places, craft businesses and service industries that fulfil daily demands.
Education
Located in Lambrecht are three kindergartens and two general-education schools. Hauptschule and Realschule functions are integrated into the Regional School. Gymnasien can be found in the bigger neighbouring town of Neustadt an der Weinstraße. Dealing in adult education are the folk high school and the Pfalzakademie (“Palatinate Academy”).
Kindergartens
“Arche Noah” Evangelical kindergarten
“St. Lambertus” Catholic kindergarten
“Rappelkiste” municipal kindergarten
Nursery for schoolchildren at the Evangelical kindergarten
Schools
Grundschule Lambrecht (primary school)
Regionale Schule Lambrecht (Hauptschule/Realschule)
Volkshochschule Verbandsgemeinde Lambrecht (folk high school)
Transport
Lambrecht lies on the Palatinate Way of St. James (Speyer–Hornbach), an old pilgrimage route.
The Kuckucksbähnel heritage railway (Neustadt an der Weinstraße–Elmstein) also stops at Lambrecht railway station.
RheinNeckar S-Bahn with lines S1 and S2 runs on the Pfälzische Ludwigsbahn.
Bundesstraße 39 runs through town.
Famous people
Sons and daughters of the town
Ludwig Louis (1814–1894), politician
Heinrich Lieser (1879−?), politician (SPD)
Hermann Alker (1885–1967), architect
Rudolf Röhrig (1903–1970), politician (NSDAP)
Famous people associated with the town
Dr. Bernhard Würschmitt (21 November 1788 - 18 June 1853) was a Catholic priest and famous artist (painter, sculptor, etc.). He held office as Grevenhausen's parish priest from 1826 to 1828. From his hand came the high altar painting Kreuzigung Christi (“Christ’s Crucifixion”), the oil painting Maria Immaculata and an extraordinary pulpit-confessional, which are all to be found at Lambrecht's Catholic church.
Kurt Faber (1883–1929), adventurer, travel writer; spent his youth in Lambrecht.
Bernhard Kimmel (1936– ), criminal (“Al Capone of the Palatinate”), grew up in Lambrecht.
Lambrecht (Surname), various peoples whom immigrated into the Russian Volga River valley. Soon after, Lambrechts immigrated to the United States, Argentina, and South Africa. They are most frequent in the U.S. state of Colorado.
Further reading
Stadtchronik:Hans Fell: 1000 Jahre Lambrecht – Chronik einer Stadt. Edeldruck Lambrecht GmbH & Co. KG., Lambrecht (Pfalz) 1978
Die nahezu vergriffene Stadtchronik hat 2 Hauptautoren. Außer Hans Fell ist deshalb vorrangig auch Dr. Ernst Collofong zu nennen.
References
External links
Lambrecht in the district’s Web pages
Edith Stein memorial site
Towns in Rhineland-Palatinate
Palatinate Forest
Bad Dürkheim (district) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lambrecht%2C%20Rhineland-Palatinate |
Delta is a railway and metro station in the municipality of Auderghem, in the eastern part of Brussels, Belgium. It is located near the intersection of the / and the / and provides access to the adjacent Plaine campus of the Université libre de Bruxelles (ULB) and to the Etterbeek campus of the Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB).
The station was inaugurated on 20 September 1976, as part of the first heavy metro segment of the network, located on the branch from Mérode to Beaulieu, which is now a part of line 5.
Metro station
Delta is notable for being the only station in the Brussels Metro network to be named after a feature of itself rather than after a street name, neighbourhood, or other adjacent location: The name derives from the triangular shape of the maintenance complex as seen from the air, which is reminiscent of the Greek capital letter Delta (Δ).
The station is the site of the primary maintenance facility for all heavy metro rolling stock. Because of this, Delta originates the Brussels Metro's earliest services in the morning and is also the last station where metro trains terminate at night. The maintenance complex also services a large fleet of buses.
Railway station
The main railway station, located within the same complex, encompasses two platforms and is served by the suburban services the National Railway Company of Belgium (NMBS/SNCB)'s line 26 linking Vilvoorde with Halle via Etterbeek. There is a direct link between the metro and railway tracks within the station, enabling transportation of metro rolling stock by way of the Belgian rail network.
Train services
The station is served by the following service(s):
Brussels RER services (S4) Vilvoorde - Merode - Etterbeek - Brussels-Luxembourg - Denderleeuw - Aalst (weekdays, peak hours only)
Brussels RER services (S7) Mechelen - Merode - Halle (weekdays)
See also
List of railway stations in Belgium
External links
Railway stations in Belgium opened in the 1970s
Railway stations opened in 1976
1976 establishments in Belgium
Brussels metro stations
Railway stations in Brussels
Auderghem | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Delta%20station |
In heraldry, an avellane cross is a form of cross which resembles four hazel filberts in their husks or cases, joined together at the great end. The term comes from the Latin name for the hazel, originally Nux avellana. It was fairly rare in English heraldry.
References
Crosses in heraldry | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avellane%20cross |
Murder Investigation Team was a British police procedural drama/cop thriller series produced by the ITV network as a spin-off from the long-running series, The Bill. The series recounts the activities of the Metropolitan Police's Murder Investigation Team, who are led by D.I. Vivien Friend (Samantha Spiro) and D.S. Rosie MacManus (Lindsey Coulson). The series, also starring Diane Parish, Steven Pacey (best known for playing Del Tarrant in the 1970s sci-fi drama Blake’s 7) and Michael McKell, produced 12 episodes between 3 May 2003 and 1 August 2005. In September 2005, The Sun reported that ITV would not be commissioning a third series.
Background
Like The Bill, Murder Investigation Team was filmed in the London Boroughs of Sutton, Merton and Greenwich. Locations included the former Woolwich campus of the University of Greenwich. The first series debuted on 3 May 2003, and ran for eight episodes. This series was filmed with the working title Think Murder, and was produced by Tom Cotter. The first episode featured the team investigating the death of one of The Bills most popular characters, Sgt. Matthew Boyden, who was killed in a drive-by shooting. Several members of The Bills cast also appeared in the episode.
The first series also featured guest appearances from such actors as Gary Kemp, Paul Bown and Bradley Walsh. After a two-year hiatus, a second series of four episodes debuted on 11 July 2005. All four episodes had previously been broadcast in February 2005 in Australia. This series features the re-appearance of DC Eva Sharpe, who joined the team, transferring from the CID office at Sun Hill. Each episode in series two was extended by half an hour and was produced by ITV's head of drama, Johnathan Young.
Cast and characters
Main cast and characters
Lindsey Coulson as Sergeant Rosie MacManus (series 1–2), an M.I.T. detective. MacManus has two children, and must balance work and family life. It is for this reason that she remained a D.C. for much of her career. Four months prior to the start of series 2, she is promoted to D.S. at the behest of newly appointed D.C.I. Wishart, who wants to rid M.I.T. of its "old boy's network" mentality. In series 1, she is partnered with D.I. Friend, while in series 2 she is assigned by Hands to oversee the work of Eva Sharpe.
Samantha Spiro as Inspector Vivien "Viv" Friend (series 1), a fast tracked, university-educated D.I. and the senior investigating officer of the Metropolitan Police's Murder Investigation Team. In series 1, she is partnered with D.C. MacManus. Friend departs M.I.T. for promotion six months prior to the start of series 2, and is replaced as D.I. by her Sergeant, Trevor Hands. She is described as detached and methodical.
Diane Parish as Constable Eva Sharpe (series 2), a D.C. recruited by D.C.I. Wishart from Sun Hill. Eva is described as being sharp by nature, as well as by name, and during her time at borough policing she had earned herself a reputation as a lone wolf whose attitude "cuts both ways". Eva initially has an adversarial relationship with Hands, because of his relative inexperience as SIO. She is partnered with MacManus. Prior to appearing in series 2 of M.I.T., Parish played Sharpe on sister series The Bill.
Michael McKell as Inspector Trevor Hands (series 1–2), initially a Detective Sergeant assigned to Friend's M.I.T. team. Trevor is shown to be loyal to the old way of policing, and resentful of both female leadership and fast-track schemes. Following Friend's departure, he is promoted to D.I., a role he has held for six months by the start of series 2.
Supporting cast and characters
Meera Syal as D.C.I. Anita Wishart, the Chief Inspector assigned to oversee the Murder Investigation Team during series 2.
Richard Hope as D.S. Barry Purvis, an office-based detective who coordinates investigations and liaises between police stations.
Andrew Somerville as D.C. Patrick Lincoln, a junior D.C. assigned to Friend's team in series 1.
Joe Shaw as D.C. Scott Grainger, a junior D.C. assigned to Friend's team in series 1. His death at the end of series 1 leads to Friend's departure between series.
Steven Pacey as D.C.I. Malcolm Savage, the Chief Inspector assigned to oversee the Murder Investigation Team during series 1.
Hugh Sachs as Dr Charles Renfield, a Scenes of Crime Officer.
Richard Huw as Dr John Cornell, a Scenes of Crime Officer.
Vincenzo Pellegrino as Dr Fergus Gallagher, a Scenes of Crime Officer.
Howard Ward as D.S. Jim Dawes, the crime scene lead on Friend's team during series 1.
Abhin Galeya as D.C. Simon Tait, a junior D.C. assigned to Hands' team in series 2.
Will Mellor as D.C. Jed Griffiths, a junior D.C. assigned to Hands' team in series 2.
Episodes
Series 1 (2003)
Series 2 (2005)
DVD releases
From 2011 to 2012, Acorn Media Home Entertainment (under license from talkbackTHAMES and FremantleMedia Enterprises) released the entire 12-episode collection/all 2 seasons of this British modern cult cop thriller series in Region 1 DVD, starting with the first season on March 1, 2011, and the second and final season on March 27, 2012.
References
External links
2003 British television series debuts
2005 British television series endings
2000s British drama television series
2000s British crime television series
ITV television dramas
Television series by Fremantle (company)
Television shows produced by Thames Television
Television shows set in London
British television spin-offs
English-language television shows
Murder investigation | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Murder%20Investigation%20Team%20%28TV%20series%29 |
The Neyyar Wildlife Sanctuary in the southern state of Kerala in India is spread over the southeast corner of the Western Ghats, and covers a total area of . It is located between 77° 8’ to 77° 17’ east longitude and 8° 29’ to 8° 37’ north latitude, central location . Although it was declared as a sanctuary in 1958, not much was done about wildlife conservation, until 1985, when a separate wildlife wing was set up and as a result, conservation efforts have gathered momentum. It is part of the Agasthyamala Biosphere Reserve.
Geography
This is the drainage basin for the Neyyar River and its tributaries - Mullayar and Kallar. The towering peak of Agasthyamalai at an elevation of 1868 meters is a very prominent landmark.
Climate
The mean summer temperature is around 35 degrees Celsius and the winter being around 16 degree Celsius. The average rainfall from the Southwest monsoon between May and July and the Northeast monsoon between October and November, is about 2800 mm. The tourist season here is between the months of November and March.
Flora and fauna
This sanctuary has a substantial natural vegetation cover. The diversity of its flora makes the sanctuary an ideal gene pool preserve. There are 39 species of mammals, including tiger, leopard, sloth bear, elephant, sambar, barking deer, bonnet macaque, Nilgiri langur and Nilgiri tahr. 176 species of birds, 30 species of reptiles, 17 species of amphibians and 40 species of fishes are reported from the sanctuary.
A crocodile farm, set up in 1977 at Neyyar, is home to around 20 mugger crocodiles. The Crocodile Rehabilitation and Research Centre was inaugurated at Neyyar Wildlife Sanctuary in May 2007.
Neyyar Elephant Rehabilitation Centre complex within the area cares for several elephants, from elephant calves to an 87-year-old elephant, and offers elephant rides and elephant feeding.
There is also a deer rehabilitation centre.
Visitor information
The administrative complex of Neyyar complex Wildlife Sanctuary is about 1 kilometer West of Neyyar Dam outside the sanctuary complex and has an information center, staff quarters, rest house, and a youth hostel. The sanctuary offers facilities for the tourists to visit the lion park and also boat on the Neyyar lake.
Nearest railway station: Neyyattinkara Railway Station, 20 km
Nearest airport: Trivandrum International Airport, 40 km
See also
Neyyar Dam
Crocodile Rehabilitation and Research Centre
Tourism in Thiruvananthapuram
Kottur Elephant Sanctuary and Rehabilitation Centre
References
External links
Neyyar Wildlife Sanctuary by A.J.T. Johnsingh, Wildlife Institute of India
Wildlife sanctuaries in Kerala
Tourist attractions in Thiruvananthapuram district
Protected areas of Kerala
Geography of Thiruvananthapuram district
1958 establishments in Kerala
Protected areas established in 1958 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neyyar%20Wildlife%20Sanctuary |
Four Elms is a village within the civil parish of Hever in the Sevenoaks District of Kent, England. The village is located on a crossroads between Edenbridge and Sevenoaks, two miles (3.2 km) northeast of the former place.
The church, part of a united benefice with Hever and Markbeech, is dedicated to St Paul.
The film sound recordist Peter Handford was born here.
External links
Parish Council
The three churches
Four Elms Village
Villages in Kent | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four%20Elms |
John Denton may refer to:
John Denton (fl. 1413–1416), MP for Huntingdon (UK Parliament constituency)
John Denton (died 1576), MP for Banbury (UK Parliament constituency)
John B. Denton (1806–1841), American Methodist Episcopal Church minister and soldier
John Bailey Denton (1814–1893), British surveyor and civil engineer
John Denton (cricketer) (1890–1971), English cricketer
John Denton (architect) (fl. 1970s–2000s), Australian architect | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Denton |
Allose is an aldohexose sugar. It is a rare monosaccharide that occurs as a 6-O-cinnamyl glycoside in the leaves of the African shrub Protea rubropilosa. Extracts from the fresh-water alga Ochromas malhamensis contain this sugar but of unknown absolute configuration. It is soluble in water and practically insoluble in methanol.
Allose is a C-3 epimer of glucose.
Notes
References
Carbohydrates, edited by P.M. Collins, Chapman and Hall,
Aldohexoses
Pyranoses | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allose |
NBU may refer to:
Universities
North Bengal University, West Bengal, India
New Bulgarian University, Sofia, Bulgaria
Ningbo University, Zhejiang province, China
Nippon Bunri University, Ōita, Japan
Northern Borders University, Saudi Arabia
Other
National Bee Unit, a bee research institute in the UK
National Bank of Ukraine, the central bank of Ukraine
NetBackup, an enterprise level backup and recovery suite
National Bank of Uzbekistan, an alternative name for the National Bank for Foreign Economic Activity of the Republic of Uzbekistan
.nbu (Nokia Backup), a file extension for Nokia mobile phone software
Národný bezpečnostný úrad, Slovakia's national security authority
Národní bezpečnostní úřad, Czechia's national security authority
New British Union, a minor fascist party headed by Gary Raikes
New Buffalo station, Amtrak station in Michigan
New Braunfels Utilities, a utility contractor in the Texas city of New Braunfels. | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/NBU |
Gulose is an aldohexose sugar. It is a monosaccharide that is very rare in nature, but has been found in archaea, bacteria and eukaryotes. It also exists as a syrup with a sweet taste. It is soluble in water and slightly soluble in methanol. Neither the - nor -forms are fermentable by yeast.
D-Gulose is a C-3 epimer of D-galactose and a C-5 epimer of L-mannose.
References
Aldohexoses
Pyranoses | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gulose |
Middlesbrough Council, formerly known as Middlesbrough Borough Council, is the unitary authority for the Borough of Middlesbrough, North Yorkshire, England. The authority has combined some duties with nearby councils to form the Tees Valley Combined Authority. Middlesbrough Council's area had a resident population in 2001 of 134,855. The borough has two parishes, which are entitled to an additional lower-tier council, Nunthorpe and Stainton and Thornton.
History
Middlesbrough Borough Council was formed on 1 April 1974, under the Local Government Act 1972, from part of the former County Borough of Teesside, along with the parish of Nunthorpe from the Stokesley Rural District. It was a district, and the county town of the new county of Cleveland from 1 April 1974, until 1996. As a district, it was one of the four constituent districts of Cleveland: Cleveland being the upper tier in the two-tier system.
When Cleveland was abolished following the Banham Review in 1996, Middlesbrough became a unitary authority and as such took on all local government powers and responsibilities. It was once again part of North Yorkshire, but only ceremonially, and not locally administered and governed by the North Yorkshire Council.
Recent elections
Below are the election results of the election which took place in May 2023. All 46 councillors and the mayor were elected. The council has 20 wards, each of which returns between one and three councilors.
As a borough council Middlesbrough is entitled to a mayor. Middlesbrough's council is led by a directly elected mayor, currently Chris Cooke who was elected with a majority of 760 over the previous incumbent Andy Preston
Mayor
Councillors
Following the results, the council moved from no overall control to a Labour majority.
The Executive
Middlesbrough Council's senior decision making body is a committee known as the Executive. Similar to a cabinet, the Executive consists of the Mayor of Middlesbrough and up to nine councillors appointed by the Mayor.
The current executive is composed of
Mayor Chris Cooke, Directly-Elected Mayor, Executive Member for Adult Social Care & Public Health, and Chair of the Executive
Councillor Philippa Storey, Deputy Mayor and Executive Member for Education and Culture
Councillor Nicky Walker, Executive Member for Finance & Governance
Councillor Peter Gavigan, Executive Member for Environment
Councillor Theo Furness, Executive Member for Regeneration
Councillor Janet Thompson, Executive Member for Community Safety
Councillor Zafar Uddin, Executive Member for Children's Services
Historic election results
Mayor (2002-)
Council control
Since the first election to the council in 1973 political control of the council has been held by the following parties:
Non-metropolitan district
Unitary authority
Coat of arms
The motto ("We shall be" in Latin) was adopted, it reflects ("We have been") of the Bruce clan which were Cleveland's mediaeval lords.
The original arms was granted to the Middlesbrough Rural District in 1911 by William Hylton Dyer Longstaffe. The town's coat of arms were three ships representing shipbuilding and maritime trade and an azure (blue) lion, the latter also from the Bruce clan. It was regranted in 1996 with slight modifications after the dissolution of Cleveland county: a star replaced the middle ship, this is from Captain James Cook's coat of arms.
References
External links
Middlesbrough Council Website
Politics of Middlesbrough
Unitary authority councils of England
Mayor and cabinet executives
Local education authorities in England
Billing authorities in England
Leader and cabinet executives
Local authorities in North Yorkshire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Middlesbrough%20Council |
Pepe Plata was a 1990 Spanish-language sitcom produced by DIC Entertainment and aired on Univision with 65 episodes.
Episodes
Recuerdos de Alfonso
Tortilla Mistica
Rock & Roll Pepe
Vamos a Bailar
El Dinosaurio de Pepe
DVD release
DIC Entertainment currently has no plans to release the show on DVD at this time.
External links
1990s American sitcoms
Univision original programming
Television series by DIC Entertainment
Television series by DHX Media | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepe%20Plata |
Maitland Jones Jr. (born November 23, 1937) is an American experimental chemist. Jones worked at Princeton University in his research lab from 1964 until his 2007 retirement. He then taught at New York University from 2007 until his dismissal in 2022. He is known for changing how the subject of organic chemistry is taught to undergraduate students, through writing a popular textbook, Organic Chemistry, and re-shaping the course from simple rote learning to one that focuses on scientific problem solving.
Education
Jones earned a Bachelor of Science, Master of Science, and PhD from Yale University.
Career
Jones' field of expertise is reactive intermediates, with particular emphasis on carbenes. He has published extensively in the field of quantum organic chemistry, particularly focusing on the mechanism of quantum molecular reactions. His interest areas include carbenes, carboranes, and heterocycles. Over the course of almost forty years, he and his research group have published 225 papers, averaging some five papers per year or one paper per active group member per year.
Jones is also the author of Organic Chemistry texts. He is credited with the naming of bullvalene, which is named after William "Bull" Doering, whom Jones was studying under during his time as a graduate student at Yale University.
He established his Jones research Lab at Princeton from 1964 to 2004. During this time, he published papers with 63 undergraduates, 30 graduate students and 34 postdoctoral fellows and visitors.
Teaching
Jones is credited as being among the early adapters of the distance education technology, in the late 1960s, using the Victor Electrowriter Remote Blackboard (VERB) system.
After retiring from Princeton in 2007, Jones taught organic chemistry at New York University until spring 2022 on annual contract basis. NYU offers different classes to students majoring in chemistry and pre-med students, and Jones was assigned to teach aspiring doctors. His contract at NYU was not renewed in 2022 after students complained that the class was too hard and did not provide adequate academic support. Jones said that the premed students' study skills and ability to focus had been declining during the previous decade, and then had declined dramatically after the interruption of the COVID-19 pandemic. The non-renewal of Jones' contract concerned professors inside and outside of NYU. Alán Aspuru-Guzik, a professor at the University of Toronto, suggested that the student petition points to a "premed culture" in which the most important outcome of a course is the grade for the medical school application and the effects of social media distractions such as TikTok on the amount of studying done by students. The head of NYU's Chemistry Department Mark Tuckerman, said that the decision not to renew Jones’s contract was made against the department’s recommendation, which was to have Jones teach organic chemistry to students majoring in chemistry, because chemistry majors would appreciate Jones' high standards.
Textbooks
Jones is the first author of an influential textbook on Organic Chemistry. The book, first published in 1997, is now in its fifth edition (2014).
Organic Chemistry, Jones, M. Jr., Fleming, S.A., W. W. Norton, New York, 1997
Instructor's Manual and Supplementary Problems Set for Organic Chemistry, Jones, M. Jr., Ovaska, T. W. W. Norton, New York, 1997.
Study Guide for Organic Chemistry, Jones, M. Jr.; Gingrich, H. L. W. W. Norton, New York, 1997
Study Guide for Organic Chemistry, Third Edition, Jones, M. Jr.; Gingrich, H. L. W. W. Norton, New York, 2004
How to Survive and Thrive in Organic Chemistry for Dummies. Second Edition, Jones, M. Jr.; Gingrich, H. L. W. W. Norton, New York, 2004
Academic experience
Postdoctoral Fellow, Yale University (1963)
Postdoctoral Fellow, University of Wisconsin–Madison (1963–1964)
Instructor in Chemistry, Princeton University (1964–1966)
Assistant Professor, Princeton University (1966–1970)
Visiting Assistant Professor, Columbia University (1969–1970)
Associate Professor, Princeton University (1970–1973)
Professor, Princeton University (1973–2007)
Visiting Professor, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam (1973–1974, 1978)
David B. Jones Professor of Chemistry, Princeton University (1983–2007)
Visiting Professor, Harvard University (1986)
Visiting Professor, Kiev Polytechnic Institute (1990)
Visiting Professor, Fudan University (1994)
Professor, New York University (2007–2022)
Awards and honors
David B. Jones Professor of Chemistry (Princeton University)
References
External links
Faculty website
1937 births
Living people
21st-century American chemists
Princeton University faculty
Yale University alumni
Organic chemists
New York University faculty | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maitland%20Jones%20Jr. |
Altrose is an aldohexose sugar. D-Altrose is an unnatural monosaccharide. It is soluble in water and practically insoluble in methanol. However, L-altrose has been isolated from strains of the bacterium Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens.
Altrose is a C-3 epimer of mannose. The ring conformation of α-altropyranoside is flexible compared to most other aldohexopyranosides, with idose as exception. In solution different derivatives of altrose have been shown to occupy both 4C1, OS2 and 1C4-conformations.
References
Aldohexoses
Furanoses
Pyranoses | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Altrose |
Grand Central Stockport is a retail, entertainment and leisure complex in Stockport, Greater Manchester. It is adjacent to Stockport railway station and the complex first opened in 1991. Since then it has included various leisure facilities such as a multiplex cinema, a swimming pool, a Cineworld Cinema a bowling alley, a gym, a Quasar complex, and various food outlets. As of 2013, the area is being redeveloped and only half of the development is still open, including the pool, along with some other businesses. The remainder of the complex (including the bowling alley) nightclub and cinema has been demolished in preparation for a new multi-storey car park and office complex.
Grand Central Stockport was owned by Norwich-based private property company Targetfollow, who acquired the complex for £10.8m in 2004. In January 2011, after lack of progress on the development scheme, Stockport Council purchased the complex. In December 2011, Stockport Council announced that Muse Developments, the urban regeneration division of construction group Morgan Sindall had been selected as the preferred developer with a report to be presented to the council the following week. The revamped regeneration plans include an office quarter for the town centre, a hotel, public space outside the railway station. In addition, the redevelopment would also include a multi-storey car park and to make the site into a more attractive gateway into the town centre. The new redevelopment plans are valued at approximately £145m.
Facilities
The Grand Central Pools have the only 50m Swimming Pool in Stockport, and are operated by Life Leisure (trading name of Stockport Sports Trust) on behalf of Stockport Council. Life Leisure took over the running of the pool from Serco Leisure in October 2011. In 2008 the pool was named as a British Swimming Intensive Training Centre, one of only five across the United Kingdom. In addition the Stockport Metro Swimming Club are based at the pool. Former facilities include a Heaven and Hell nightclub, which closed in 2006 after the chain went into administration and the premises were reclaimed by Targetfollow.
The centre contains three separate car parks, all containing different tariffs. Some are in place to provide extra parking for rail users, with all day and longer stay tariffs, however the majority of space is for those using the complex.
Redevelopment
It was announced in February 2007 that the complex was to be redeveloped by then owners Targetfollow, at an estimated cost of £100 million. The development was to have been completed by 2010. The proposals were designed as a part of Stockport Council's Future Stockport masterplan. The redevelopment plans have been put on hold following the financial crisis, as of 2010 development has not commenced. The redevelopment plans include construction of a multi-storey car park, adding of a more significant retail element to the complex and a Travelodge hotel. In total the redevelopment will add to the scheme and nearly triple the car parking spaces to 1,500. It will also include 200 residential apartments and improved Public Spaces. The planning application was submitted in July 2007.The planning application was successful and outline planning permission for the entire scheme was granted.
In July 2010 the then owners of the complex, Targetfollow narrowly avoided going into administration, after loans exceeding £200m provided by Lloyds Banking Group, expired. In total the companies debt in July 2010 was estimated at around £700m.
In January 2011, Stockport Metropolitan Borough Council purchased the complex, citing lack of progress on the redevelopment scheme. It is likely that under local authority ownership the redevelopment scheme will go ahead. In December 2011, Muse Developments were selected as the preferred developers for a revamped £145m scheme containing an office quarter, hotel, larger car park and more public space, and with the exception of the swimming pool and cinema, demolition of the other buildings, including where the nightclubs formerly stood, took place in the spring of 2012 as part of the future plans for the complex. The new multi storey car park opened in February 2014.
, the three detailed phases of the council's redevelopment plan are scheduled for completion in 2014, 2015, and 2020.
References
External links
Stockport Metropolitan Borough Council
Life Leisure Grand Central Pools
Grand Central Leisure Park
Sports venues in Greater Manchester
Sport in Stockport | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grand%20Central%20Stockport |
Talose is an aldohexose sugar. It is an unnatural monosaccharide, that is soluble in water and slightly soluble in methanol. Some etymologists suggest that talose's name derives from the automaton of Greek mythology named Talos, but the relevance is unclear.
Talose is a C-2 epimer of galactose and a C-4 epimer of mannose.
References
Aldohexoses
Pyranoses | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Talose |
IMS Health was an American company that provided information, services and technology for the healthcare industry. IMS stood for Intercontinental Medical Statistics. It was the largest vendor of U.S. physician prescribing data. IMS Health was founded in 1954 by Bill Frohlich and David Dubow with Arthur Sackler having a hidden ownership stake. In 2010, IMS Health was taken private by TPG Capital, CPP Investment Board and Leonard Green & Partners. The company went public on April 4, 2014, and began trading on the NYSE under the symbol IMS. IMS Health was headquartered in Danbury, Connecticut.
Over 2016 Quintiles and IMS Health merged, and the resulting company was named QuintilesIMS, which was renamed to IQVIA in 2017.
Business model
IMS Health was best known for its collection of healthcare information spanning sales, de-identified prescription data, medical claims, electronic medical records and social media. IMS Health's products and services were used by companies to develop commercialization plans and portfolio strategies, to select patient and physician populations for specific therapies, and to measure the effectiveness of pharmaceutical marketing and sales resources. The firm uses its own data to produce syndicated reports such as market forecasts and market intelligence.
History and acquisitions
The original name of the company was Intercontinental Marketing Statistics, hence the IMS name. IMS Health's corporate headquarters is located in Danbury, Connecticut, United States. The company's chairman and CEO is Ari Bousbib.
In 1998, the parent company, Cognizant Corporation, split into two companies: IMS Health and Nielsen Media Research. After this restructuring, Cognizant Technology Solutions became a public subsidiary of IMS Health
In 2002, IMS Health acquired Cambridge Pharma Consultancy, a privately held international firm that provides strategic advice to pharmaceutical management.
In 2002, IMS Health acquired the Rosenblatt Klauber Group, a privately held international consultancy that provides forecasting, opportunity assessment & management development services to pharmaceutical companies.
In 2003, acquired Marketing Initiatives, a specialist in healthcare facility profile data, and Data Niche Associates, a provider of rebate validation services for Medicaid and managed care. In 2003, IMS Health sold its entire 56% stake in Cognizant and both companies are separated into two independent entities as IMS Health and Cognizant
In 2004, United Research China Shanghai was acquired, providing coverage of China's consumer health market.
In 2005, acquired PharMetrics, a U.S. provider of patient-centric integrated claims data.
In 2006, acquired the Life Sciences practice of Strategic Decisions Group, a portfolio strategy consultant to the life sciences industry.
In 2007, IMS Health acquired IHS and MedInitiatives, providers of healthcare data management analytics and technology services. That same year, ValueMedics Research was acquired, extending IMS Health's health economics and outcomes research capabilities.
In 2007, ranked in the Businessweek 50. This list represents "best in class" companies from the ten economic sectors that make up the S&P 500.
In 2008, named to the World's Most Admired Companies list by Fortune. The company received the recognition again in 2010.
In 2008, acquired RMBC, a provider of national pharmaceutical market intelligence and analytics in Russia.
In 2008, acquired the Skura professional services group, based out of Mississauga, Ontario, Canada and specialized in data integration, consulting and services in business intelligence platforms to pharmaceutical and healthcare clients in North America and Europe.
In 2009, named to the Dow Jones Sustainability North America Index in recognition of the company's economic, environmental and social performance among the largest 600 North American companies.
In February 2010, IMS Health was taken private by TPG Capital, CPP Investment Board, and Leonard Green & Partners.
In 2010, acquired Brogan, Inc., a privately held market research and consulting firm serving the Canada healthcare market.
In 2011, expanded its specialty and patient-level data assets in the United States with the acquisition of SDI Health. Also that year, the company acquired Ardentia Ltd in the UK, and Med-Vantage in the United States to build on its payer services in those markets.
In 2012, acquired PharmARC Analytic Solutions Pvt. Ltd, a Bangalore-based analytics company.
In 2012, acquired DecisionView, a software solutions company that helps life sciences organizations plan and track patient enrollment for clinical trials and TTC, a benchmarking solutions and analytics company that helps clients plan for and negotiate the costs of clinical trials. Also in 2012, the company purchased PharmaDeals Ltd., a provider of online information about business transactions, licensing, and mergers and acquisitions activity within the pharmaceutical industry.
In 2013, acquired several companies to expand its portfolio of SaaS products: Incential Software, a provider of sales performance management technology services; 360 Vantage, which delivers multi-channel CRM software capabilities; Appature, which offers a relationship marketing platform; and Semantelli, a provider of social media analytics for the global healthcare industry.
In May 2015, IMS increased its software development capability by acquiring Dataline Software Ltd, a bespoke software development company and big data research specialist in the UK.
In April 2015, IMS Health completed the purchase of Cegedim's Customer Relationship Management (CRM) software and Strategic Data business for €396 million. Cegedim acquired the software and related business when it purchased Dendrite International in 2007.
In August 2015, IMS Health completed the purchase of Boston Biomedical Consultants, a provider of market data and market research covering the in vitro Diagnostics market
In May 2016, the company announced it would merge with Quintiles MS Health shareholders received 0.384 shares of Quintiles common stock for each share of IMS Health common stock they held, leaving the split of ownership at 51.4% IMS and 48.6% Quintiles. The merger was completed in October and the resulting company was a $17.6 billion company called QuintilesIMS.
On November 6, 2017, the company adopted the new name of IQVIA.
Controversy
Throughout its history, IMS Health's business of collecting anonymized pharmaceutical sales data came under scrutiny from both the media and the legal system.
IMS Health v. Ayotte was a free speech case involving IMS Health.
Sorrell v. IMS Health Inc. was a case about physician-data privacy, which went to the U.S. Supreme Court., the High Court ruled in favor of the company.
References
External links
IMS website
Health care companies established in 1954
Health care companies based in Connecticut
Companies based in Danbury, Connecticut
Market research companies of the United States
Defunct research and analysis firms
Companies formerly listed on the New York Stock Exchange
2010 mergers and acquisitions
2014 initial public offerings
2016 mergers and acquisitions
Business services companies established in 1954 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/IMS%20Health |
Markbeech (sometimes styled Mark Beech) is a village in the civil parish of Hever in the Sevenoaks district of Kent, England. The village is located on the northern ridges of the High Weald, nine miles (13 km) north-west of Tunbridge Wells.
The church, part of a united benefice with Hever and Four Elms, is dedicated to the Holy Trinity. There is a village hall, a pub - The Kentish Horse, and a thriving cricket club.
References
External links
Hever Parish Council
The three churches
Villages in Kent | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Markbeech |
Ingrid Marcella Lacey (born 6 November 1958) is a British actress. She is known for her role as Julia in Series 2 of London's Burning, Helen Cooper in the Channel 4 sitcom Drop the Dead Donkey (1993–98). Her film appearances include Funny Man (1994), In Love and War (1996) and The Cat's Meow (2001).
Career
Lacey is best known for her role as Helen Cooper in Drop the Dead Donkey. She was born in Surrey and educated at Godalming College and trained at the Bristol Old Vic Theatre School, graduating in 1981. She has acted in films, radio, TV series and theatre productions, such as Lolly Susi's Gone to LA at the Hampstead Theatre, London, where she had to shave her head for her role of a woman suffering from breast cancer and in The Knight of the Burning Pestle. She has also appeared at the Royal Court Theatre in the productions "Blood" and "Our Late Night". In 2007 she was in the Bush Theatre's production of "Elling" which transferred to the Trafalgar Studios, while in 2011, she appeared as Tricia in Brad Fraser's 5 @ 50, at the Royal Exchange Theatre, Manchester.
Filmography
The Cat's Meow (2001) as Jessica Barham
In Love and War (1996) as Elsie 'Mac' MacDonald
Funny Man (1994) as Tina Taylor (UK title: Funnyman)
Theatre
Desdemona: A Play About A Handkerchief (2014) - Emilia (Park Theatre, London)
The Astronaut's Chair (2012) - Renee (Drum Theatre, Plymouth)
5 @ 50 (2011) - Tricia (Royal Enchange Theatre, Manchester)
Elling - (2007) ( Bush Theatre, Trafalgar Studios ), London
Knight of the Burning Pestle (2005) - Citizen's Wife (Young Vic, London; Mercury Theatre, Colchester)
Blood (2003) - Madeleine (Royal Court Theatre, London)
Gone To LA (2000) - Ella (Hampstead Theatre, London)
Our Late Night (1999) - Kristin (Royal Court Theatre, London)
After the Rain - (Gate Theatre, Dublin, Ireland)
The Killing Of Sister George
Charley's Aunt
The Comedy Of Errors
The Lion, The Witch And The Wardrobe as The Witch
The History Of Mr Polly
The Resistible Rise Of Arturo Ui
The Country Wife
Widowers' Houses (1981) (Bristol Old Vic)
The Railway Children (Oldham Coliseum)
Television filmography
New Tricks (2013) as Jane Harlow
Skins (2011) as Catherine Creevey
Tracy Beaker Returns - Moving On (episode 13) (2010) as the Editor
The Bill (2009) as Jilley S. 25 Ep. 10 & 11
Casualty
Animals (2005) as Helen Wilder
Free Fall (1999) as Chrissie Holman
The Last Detective - episode #1.1 (2003) TV Episode as Roxanne Palmer
Heartbeat - Honor Among Thieves (1999) as Honor Gale
Getting Hurt (1998) (TV) as Helen Cross
Pie in the Sky - Game Pie (1996) TV episode as Cynthia Hoskins
The Bill - Ties That Bind (1995) as Jane Grant
Look at the State We're In! (1995) (mini) TV series as Sally
Master of the Moor (1994) (TV)
The Chief (UK TV series) (1994) (TV) As Alison Dell
Drop the Dead Donkey (1990) as Helen Cooper (1993–1998)
A Woman's Guide to Adultery (1993) (TV) as Helen
Harry Enfield's Television Programme
Episode #2.4 (1992)
Episode #2.5 (1992)
She-Wolf of London (other title: Love & Curses) - Moonlight Becomes You (1990) TV episode as Diane
Never Come Back (1990) (TV) as Sarah
The Endless Game (1990) (TV) as Inga
Saracen (1989) TV series as Alice
Inspector Morse - Last Bus to Woodstock (1988) as Mary Widdowson
The Two of Us - Getting Better (1987) TV episode as Tina
Northanger Abbey (1987) (TV) as Eleanor Tilney
Thunder Rock (1985) (TV) as Melanie
London's Burning (1989)
Radio
Church Angels
The Freedom Tapes (1995)
That Girl In Twenty Seven (1982)
Video game
Star Wars: Knights of the Old Republic II - The Sith Lords (2004) (VG) (voice) - Additional voices (US short title: Star Wars: KOTOR II)
References
External links
English film actresses
English television actresses
English stage actresses
Alumni of Bristol Old Vic Theatre School
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
1958 births | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ingrid%20Lacey |
Sultan Abdul Aziz al-Mutasim Billah Shah ibni Almarhum Raja Muda Musa (عبد العزيز بيراك, 14 November 1887 – 26 March 1948) was the 31st Sultan of Perak, a state in the British-administered Federated Malay States.
Early life
Raja Abdul Aziz was born on 14 November 1887 at Kampung Bandar, Teluk Anson, Perak. He was the son of Raja Muda Musa ibni Almarhum Sultan Ja’afar Safiuddin Mu’azzam Shah Waliullah.
Sultan of Perak
On 1 August 1918, he was appointed Raja Bendahara and four months later on 18 December 1918, he was appointed Raja Muda (Crown Prince) upon the passing of Sultan Abdul Jalil and resided in Teluk Anson, the place where he was born. Became the Raja Muda of Perak in 1919 during the reign of his brother-in-law, Sultan Iskandar Shah Ibni Almarhum. He became the 31st Sultan of Perak in 1938 succeeding Sultan Iskandar Shah.
Death
In 1948, he began to show poor health and was advised by his doctors to go to Lumut for a change of air. However, he died suddenly at the Lumut Rest House on 26 March 1948. Almarhum was interred at the Al-Ghufran Royal Mausoleum in Bukit Chandan and the posthumous title Marhum Nikmatullah was conferred upon him and was 60 years old when he died. He was succeeded by his cousin, Sultan Yussuff Izzuddin Shah.
Honours
British honours
Companion of the Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George (3 June 1924).
Knight Grand Cordon of the Order of the Crown of Thailand (20 October 1924).
King George V Silver Jubilee Medal (6 May 1935).
Knight Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire (3 May 1937).
King George VI Coronation Medal (12 May 1937)
Knight Commander of the Most Distinguished Order of Saint Michael and Saint George (1 January 1939).
Ancestry
References
External links
List of Perak Sultans
1887 births
1948 deaths
Sultans of Perak
Honorary Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
Honorary Knights Commander of the Order of the British Empire | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul%20Aziz%20al-Mu%CA%BDtasim%20Billah%20Shah%20of%20Perak |
Dragon Quest: Young Yangus and the Mysterious Dungeon is a prequel and spin-off to Dragon Quest VIII, developed by Cavia and published by Square Enix as part of the Mystery Dungeon series.
Gameplay
The game utilizes randomly generated dungeons and combat taken in turns. Players must fight through different floors of enemies until they reach a boss monster, which they must defeat to advance through the story. Combat takes place on contact with enemies, with no separate battle screen or menu system. A new feature to the series is the "tension command", that allows players to build up attack power to deliver strong blows upon enemies, though the character cannot move in this state. Later on in the game, and players can capture monsters with a special jug, and use them to attack opponents.
Players may keep three monsters in their possession at any one time, and can be taught to use special abilities by using items and through combat experience. Monsters must reach level four, be given foods they like, and also a weapon before they will assist Yangus, and as they fight more and more, they will combine their strengths with other captured monsters. Players can also utilize a farmhouse late game where monsters can be kept and bred to create new and more powerful monsters. The game also uses cinematic and computer generated scenes with a comic-book style.
Story
The game centers around the character Yangus, who is a main character in Dragon Quest VIII, as a child. Described as a "plump bandit", he becomes involved with his father Yampa's gang of thieves when a mysterious jug is brought home. Though instructed not to touch the jug, Yangus does, and is sucked inside the bottle into another world called "Bottle Land".
Red, a female bandit from Dragon Quest VIII also appears in this new world, as well as Morrie, Torneko, and a new character named Poppy, and each begins to explore the dungeons of this new land.
Development
A trailer for the game was shown at the Jump Festival in Tokyo, December 2005.
The game's soundtrack features music from Dragon Quest VIII, arranged by Hayato Matsuo, along with a few original compositions by Koichi Sugiyama.
Reception
The game ranked third in Japan for game sales for the week of April 17 to April 23 in 2006. The title sold over 340,000 copies in Japan by November 2006, according to Square Enix's IR, and ranking number 42 in sales overall for the year. The game was noted for its "cartoonish 3D graphics", and its full motion video was also praised. The original art style and cell-shaded graphics were highlighted for praise as well. IGN described the dungeon movement system in the game as "clumsy". The narration of the game was thought to be hilarious, due to the narrators acting out of various characters parts. The protagonist of the game, Young Yangus, would later appear in other games in the Dragon Quest franchise such as Fortune Street in 2011 and Dragon Quest Rivals as part of an event in 2019.
Notes
References
External links
Role-playing video games
Cavia (company) games
Japan-exclusive video games
PlayStation 2 games
PlayStation 2-only games
Video game prequels
Action role-playing video games
2006 video games
Video games developed in Japan
Video games scored by Koichi Sugiyama
Video games using procedural generation
Mystery Dungeon
Shōnen Yangus to Fushigi no Dungeon
Single-player video games | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dragon%20Quest%3A%20Sh%C5%8Dnen%20Yangus%20to%20Fushigi%20no%20Dungeon |
The Volkstheater in Vienna (roughly translated as "People's Theatre") was founded in 1889 by request of the citizens of Vienna, amongst them the dramatist Ludwig Anzengruber and the furniture manufacturer Thonet, in order to offer a popular counter weight to the Hofburgtheater. It was erected according to designs by Ferdinand Fellner and Hermann Helmer, who attempted to reconcile their plans with historicism. It is located in Neubau, the seventh district of Vienna.
The founders of this stage had a theatrical stage in mind, in order to expose wider circles of the population of Vienna to classical and modern literature whilst staging these next to more traditional plays. The theatre follows this tradition even today. New productions of the classics are always in the pipeline along with regular reinterpretations of works by Ferdinand Raimund and Johann Nestroy and many new plays and reruns. Special attention is given to Austrian playwrights of old and new.
In 2005 Michael Schottenberg became art director of the Volkstheater.
In 2005 the Volkstheater started an alternative theater stage called "Volkstheater Hundsturm" in Margareten, the fifth district of Vienna. It is a place for experimental theater (e.g. Wojtek Klemm, Dejan Dukovski, monochrom).
The Volkstheater station of lines U2 and U3 of the Vienna U-Bahn is located here.
External links
Volkstheater Wien (in German)
Buildings and structures in Neubau
Theatres in Vienna
Fellner & Helmer buildings
Theatres completed in 1889
1889 establishments in Austria
19th-century architecture in Austria | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volkstheater%2C%20Vienna |
A twizzle is "a multirotational, one-foot turn that moves across the ice" in the sport of figure skating. First performed by David Grant in 1990 the International Skating Union (ISU) defines a twizzle as "a traveling turn on one foot with one or more rotations which is quickly rotated with a continuous (uninterrupted) action". It is most often performed in ice dance, although single skaters and pair skaters also perform the element. Twizzles have been called "the quads of ice dance" because like quadruple jumps in other disciplines, twizzles are risky and technically demanding.
Background
A twizzle is "a multirotational, one-foot turn that moves across the ice" in the sport of figure skating. It is a "a difficult turn" in single skating. The International Skating Union (ISU), the governing body of figure skating, defines a twizzle as "a traveling turn on one foot with one or more rotations which is quickly rotated with a continuous (uninterrupted) action". A spin, by comparison, is a stationary, multi-rotational turn. Twizzle sequences, when executed well, are often the highlight of ice dance programs. A set of synchronized twizzles is a series of two twizzles for each partner, with up to four steps between twizzles. A set of sequential twizzles is a series of two twizzles for each partner, with up to one step between twizzles. For both a set of synchronized twizzles and a set of sequential twizzles, each twizzle should be at least one full rotation on one foot performed at the same time by both partners. American ice dancer Alex Shibutani calls twizzles "the quads of ice dance" because like quadruple jumps in other disciplines, twizzles, which appear most often in ice dance programs, are risky and technically demanding.
There are four types of entry edges for twizzles: the forward inside, the forward outside, the backward inside, and the backward outside. A twizzle-like motion is a motion in which the skating foot executes less than a full turn, followed by a step forward, while the body performs one full continuous motion. A series of 3 turn steps do not constitute a twizzle because they do not constitute a continuous action. If the skater stops traveling during the action, it is deemed a solo spin (or pirouette) and not counted as a twizzle.
Execution
Twizzles, like steps, must be executed on clean edges. In a twizzle, the skater's weight is on the skating foot, with the free foot in any position during the turn, and then placed beside the skating foot to skate the next step. Although the twizzle is not considered a difficult move compared to other elements in figure skating, when a twizzle is executed properly the three turns are done so quickly that it is difficult to see the turns. The skater must continually rotate and move across the ice on one foot, by executing a quickly-controlled rocking action on their blade. Skaters must have equal strength in each rotational direction while having exact synchronicity with their partners. They increase the difficulty of twizzles, and earn more points for them, by performing variations in the placements of the leg (grabbing the blade while extending the leg) and arms (moving the arm or arms over the head or behind the back). According to American ice dancer Colin McManus, the finesse required in mastering the twizzle makes it "very easy to run into issues like putting your foot down or hitting your toe pick". According to Shibutani, high-quality twizzles are performed when skaters focus on gathering speed entering a twizzle sequence, which provides enough directional force to continue rotating as long as the choreography demands, and that muscle memory should carry them through the rest of the sequence. Shibutani reported that strong teams are able to adjust, make self-corrections, and follow what their partners are doing. He also said that there is "no room for mental errors at all".
When ice dancers perform twizzles too slowly, trip while traveling across the ice, or fall out of sync with each other, it can ruin the flow of a program and "deflate the energy in the arena". According to Shibutani, practice, relying on muscle memory, and a good partnership are the keys to performing successful twizzle sequences. He said, about he and his long-time partner and sibling Maia Shibutani, "Hopefully, we’re rotating so fast that we can’t really see each other and it’s just kind of a feel thing". American ice dancer Meryl Davis reported, when speaking about how detailed and exact the synchronization is in the execution of twizzles, that she and her partner Charlie White knew the placement of each other's feet based on the sounds their blades made on the ice. Maia Shibutani stated that partners need to have strong individual skating skills and that staying in the moment is important because when skaters lose focus and think too far ahead, "then you're finished".
Gallery
References
Works cited
"Special Regulations & Technical Rules Single & Pair Skating and Ice Dance 2022". International Skating Union. 2022. Retrieved 17 September 2022. (S&P/ID 2022)
External links
Tessa Virtue and Scott Moir performing the twizzle during their free dance at the 2018 Olympics.
Figure skating elements | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Twizzle |
An analyser (British English) or analyzer (American English; see spelling differences) is a tool used to analyze data. For example, a gas analyzer tool is used to analyze gases. It examines the given data and tries to find patterns and relationships. An analyser can be a piece of hardware or software.
Autoanalysers are machines that perform their work with little human involvement.
Operation
Analysis can be done directly on samples or the analyser can process data acquired from a remote sensor. The source of samples for automatic sampling is commonly some kind of industrial process. Analysers that are connected to a process and conduct automatic sampling, can be called online (or on-line) analysers or sometimes inline (or in-line) analysers. For inline analysis, a sensor can be placed in a process vessel or stream of flowing material. Another method of online analysis is allowing a sample stream to flow from the process equipment into an analyser, sometimes conditioning the sample stream e.g., by reducing pressure or changing the sample temperature. Many analysers are not designed to withstand high pressure. Such sampling is typically for fluids (either liquids or gases). If the sample stream is not substantially modified by the analyser, it can be returned to the process. Otherwise, the sample stream is discarded; for example, if reagents were added.
Pressure can be lowered by a pressure reducing valve. Such valves may be used to control the flow rate to the online analyser. The temperature of a hot sample may be lowered by use of an online sample cooler. Analysis can be done periodically (for example, every 15 minutes), or continuously. For periodic sampling, valves (or other devices) can be switched open to allow a fluid sample stream to flow to the analyser and shut when not sampling.
Some methods of inline analysis are so simple, such as electrical conductivity or pH, the instruments are usually not even called analysers. Salinity determined from simple online analysis is often determined from a conductivity measurement where the output signal is calibrated in terms of salinity concentration (for example ppm of NaCl). Various types of other analyses can be devised. Physical properties can include electrical conductivity (or effectively electrical resistivity), refractive index, and radioactivity measurement. Simple processes that use inline electrical conductivity determination are water purification processes which test how effectively salts have been removed from the output water. Electrical conductivity variations include cation and anion conductivity. Chromatography such as ion chromatography or HPLC often tests the output stream continuously by measuring electrical conductivity, particularly cation or anion conductivity, refractive index, colorimetry or ultraviolet/visible absorbance at a certain wavelength. InlineOnline and offline analysers are available for other types of analytes. Many of these add reagents to the samples or sample streams.
Types of analysers
Automated analyser
Breathalyzer (breath analyzer)
Bus analyser
Differential analyser – early analogue computer
Electron microprobe
Lexical analyser
Logic analyser
Network analyser
Protocol analyser (packet sniffer)
Quadrupole mass analyser
Spectrum analyser
Vector signal analyser
References
Measuring instruments | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Analyser |
Sultan Iskandar Shah Ibni Almarhum Sultan Idris Murshidul Azzam Shah Rahmatullah (10 May 1881 – 14 August 1938) was the 30th Sultan of Perak. Perak at that time was part of the British-administered Federated Malay States. He stayed at the Istana Kenangan, then moved to the Istana Iskandariah in Bukit Chandan, Kuala Kangsar.
Early life
Born at Kuala Keboi, Kampar, 10 May 1876, he was the third son of Sultan Idris Murshidul Azzam Shah and his wife Cik Ngah Manah binti Manda Duwayat, herself a member of the Royal House of Perak.
Sultan of Perak
He was made Raja Bendahara in 1918 during the reign of his elder half- brother, Sultan Abdul Jalil Nasiruddin Muhtaram Shah. He ascended the throne in November 1918 following the death of his brother. It was during his reign that the Dinding and Pulau Pangkor territories were returned by the British in 1935. Prior to that, both territories were administered as part of the Straits Settlements.
Sultan Iskandar was a major advocate of decentralization in the Federated Malay States and even visited the Colonial Office in August 1924 to espouse his views.
For a short time, he resided at Istana Lembah (which was built by Tukang Sofian after the great flood of 1926 and completed in 1931) whilst the Istana Iskandariah was being built and later be completed in 1933.
After a short illness, He died at Istana Iskandariah on 14 August 1938. He was interred at the Al-Ghufran Royal Mausoleum at Bukit Chandan with the posthumous title Marhum Kaddasullah. He was succeeded by his brother-in-law, Abdul Aziz al-Muʽtasim Billah Shah.
Legacy
After a short illness, Almarhum Sultan Iskandar Shah death at Istana Iskandariah on 14 August 1938. Almarhum was interred at the Al-Ghufran Royal Mausoleum at Bukit Chandan and the posthumous title Marhum Kadasallah was conferred
References
19th-century births
1938 deaths
Sultans of Perak
Knights Grand Cross of the Order of St Michael and St George
Knights Commander of the Royal Victorian Order | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iskandar%20of%20Perak |
Grünstadt-Land is a former Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the district of Bad Dürkheim, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It was situated on the north-eastern edge of the Palatinate forest, around the town Grünstadt, which was the seat of Grünstadt-Land, but not part of the Verbandsgemeinde. In January 2018 it was merged into the new Verbandsgemeinde Leiningerland.
Grünstadt-Land consisted of the following Ortsgemeinden ("local municipalities"):
References
Former Verbandsgemeinden in Rhineland-Palatinate | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gr%C3%BCnstadt-Land |
This is a list of Liberal Party MPs. It includes all members of Parliament elected to the British House of Commons representing the Liberal Party from 1922. This includes all those elected as National Liberals supporting David Lloyd George in 1922. Members of the Northern Ireland House of Commons or the European Parliament are not listed.
List of MPs
A
Thomas Raven Ackroyd, Manchester Moss Side, 1923–24
Francis Dyke Acland, Richmond, 1906–10; North West Cornwall, 1910–22; Tiverton, 1923–24; North Cornwall, 1932–39
William Ryland Dent Adkins, Middleton, 1906–1918; Middleton and Prestwich, 1918–1923
Maurice Alexander, Southwark South East, 1922–1923
Ronald Wilberforce Allen, Leicester South, 1923–24
Robert Alstead, Altrincham, 1923–24
David Alton, Liverpool Mossley Hill, 1979–88
Paddy Ashdown, Yeovil, 1983–88
Sir Robert Aske, Newcastle upon Tyne East, 1923–1924, 1929–31
H. H. Asquith, East Fife 1886–1918, Paisley, 1920–24
David Austick, Ripon, 1973–74
B
Robert Noton Barclay, Manchester Exchange, 1923–24
Charles Barrie, Banffshire, 1918–24
Alan Beith, Berwick-upon-Tweed, 1973–88
William Wedgwood Benn, Tower Hamlets, St George, 1906–18; Edinburgh Leith, 1918–27
Albert Bennett, Mansfield, 1922–1923
Donald Bennett, Middlesbrough West, 1945
Reginald Berkeley, Nottingham Central, 1923–24
Robert Bernays, Bristol North, 1931–45
Peter Bessell, Bodmin, 1964–70
William Beveridge, Berwick-upon-Tweed, 1944–45
Norman Birkett, Nottingham East, 1923–24, 29–31
John Wycliffe Black, Harborough, 1923–24
James Blindell, Holland with Boston, 1929–31
Mark Bonham Carter, Torrington, 1958–59
Alfred Bonwick, Chippenham, 1923–24
William Bowdler, Holderness, 1922–1923
Roderic Bowen, Cardiganshire, 1945–66
Thomas Bramsdon, Portsmouth, 1900 & 1906–1910; Portsmouth Central, 1918–22 & 1923–24
Frank Briant, Lambeth North, 1918–29; 31–34
Ernest Brown, Rugby, 1923–24; Edinburgh Leith, 1927–31
Malcolm Bruce, Gordon, 1983–88
John Fowler Leece Brunner, Leigh, 1906–1910; Northwich, 1910–18; Southport, 1923–24
Leslie Burgin, Luton, 1929–31
James Burnie, Bootle, 1923–24
James Ramsay Montagu Butler, Cambridge University, 1922–1923
Frank Byers, North Dorset, 1945–50
C
Menzies Campbell, North East Fife, 1987–88
Henry Campbell-Bannerman, Stirling Burghs, 1868–1908
Alex Carlile, Montgomeryshire, 1983–88
William Chapple, Stirlingshire, 1910–18; Dumfriesshire, 1922–24
Edgar Chatfeild-Clarke, Isle of Wight, 1922–1923
Winston Churchill, Oldham, 1904–06; Manchester North West 1906–08; Dundee 1908–22
Clifford Cory, St Ives, 1906–24
Godfrey Collins, Greenock, 1910–31
Pat Collins, Walsall, 1922–24
Levi Collison, Penrith and Cockermouth, 1922–1923
Arthur Comyns Carr, Islington East, 1923–24
Leonard Costello, Huntingdonshire, 1923–24
William Dingwall Mitchell Cotts, Western Isles, 1922–1923
Dugald McCoig Cowan, Combined Scottish Universities, 1918–33
Horace Crawfurd, Walthamstow West, 1924–29
Aaron Curry, Bishop Auckland 1931–1935
D
Charles Darbishire, Westbury, 1922–24
James Davidson, West Aberdeenshire, 1966–70
Clement Davies, Montgomeryshire, 1929–31; 42–62
David Davies, Montgomeryshire, 1906–29
John Cledwyn Davies, Denbigh 1922–1923
Seaborne Davies, Caernarvon Boroughs, 1945
Ellis William Davies, Denbigh, 1923–29
John Purcell Dickie, Gateshead, 1923–24; Consett, 1931–35
Stephen Roxby Dodds, Wirral, 1923–24
John Duckworth, Blackburn, 1923–29
Cecil Dudgeon, Galloway, 1922–24, 29–31
John Freeman Dunn, Hemel Hempstead, 1923–24
Sir William Dunn, 1st Baronet, of Lakenheath, Paisley, 1891–1906
E
William Edge, Bolton, 1916–23; Bosworth, 1927–31
Garnham Edmonds, Bethnal Green North East, 1922–1923
John Hugh Edwards, Mid Glamorgan, 1910–18; Neath, 1918–22; Accrington, 1924–29
Sir Ellis Ellis-Griffith, 1st Baronet, Anglesey, 1895–1918; Carmarthen, 1923–24
John Emlyn Emlyn-Jones, North Dorset, 1922–24
Abraham England, Heywood and Radcliffe, 1922–24; 24–31
Cyril Entwistle, Kingston upon Hull South West, 1918–24
Arthur Evans, Leicester East, 1922–1923
Ernest Evans, Cardiganshire, 1921–1923; University of Wales, 1924–43
Owen Evans, Cardiganshire, 1932–45
Richard Thomas Evans, Carmarthen, 1931–35
F
Richard Robert Fairbairn, Worcester, 1922–1923
James Falconer, Forfarshire, 1909–18 & 1922–24
Ronald Fearn, Southport, 1987–88
Thomas Fenby, Bradford East, 1924–29
Henry Fildes, Stockport, 1920–1923; Dumfriesshire
Victor Harold Finney, Hexham, 1923–24
Herbert Fisher, Sheffield Hallam, 1916–18; Combined English Universities, 1918–26
Reginald Fletcher, Basingstoke, 1923–24
Dingle Foot, Dundee, 1931–45
Isaac Foot, Bodmin, 1922–24; 29–35
Walter Forrest, Batley and Morley, 1924–29
Leonard Benjamin Franklin, Hackney Central, 1923–24
Clement Freud, Isle of Ely, 1973–83; North East Cambridgeshire, 1983–87
G
James Gardiner, Kinross and Western Perthshire, 1918–1923
George Morgan Garro-Jones, Hackney South, 1924–29
James Daniel Gilbert, West Newington, 1916–1918; Southwark Central, 1923–1924
Charles Gilpin (politician), Northampton constituency, 1857–1874
Alec Ewart Glassey, East Dorset, 1929–31
Edgar Granville, Eye, 1929–31; 1945–51,
William Gorman, Royton, 1923–24
Frank Gray, Oxford, 1922–24
Milner Gray, Mid Bedfordshire, 1929–31
George Charles Grey, Berwick-upon-Tweed, 1941–44
Edward Grigg, Oldham, 1922–25
Frank Kingsley Griffith, Middlesbrough West, 1928–40
Jo Grimond, Orkney and Shetland, 1950–83
William John Gruffydd, University of Wales, 1943–50
Frederick Guest, Dorset East, 1910–1922; Stroud, 1923–24; Bristol North, 1924–1929
Henry Guest, East Dorset, June–December 1910, Pembroke and Haverfordwest, December 1910 – 1918, Bristol North, 1922–1923.
Thomas Maule Guthrie, Moray and Nairn, 1922–1923
H
John Hancock, Mid Derbyshire, 1909–1918; Belper, 1918–1923
Arthur Harbord, Great Yarmouth, 1922–24; 29–31
Edward Harney, South Shields, 1922–29
Thomas Edmund Harvey, Leeds West, 1910–18; Dewsbury, 1923–24; Combined English Universities, 1937–45
Robert William Hamilton, Orkney and Shetland, 1922–35
John Hobbis Harris, Hackney North, 1923–24
Percy Alfred Harris, Harborough, 1916–18; Bethnal Green South West, 1922–45
Thomas Henderson, Roxburgh and Selkirk, 1922–1923
Albert Ernest Hillary, Harwich, 1922–24
Frederick Hindle, Darwen, 1923–24
John Hinds, West Carmarthenshire, December 1910 – 1918; Carmarthen, 1918–1923
Arthur Hobhouse, Wells, 1923–24
James Philip Hodge, Preston, 1922–1924
Henry Cairn Hogbin, Battersea North, 1923–24
James Myles Hogge, Edinburgh East, 1912–24
Herbert Holdsworth, Bradford South, 1931–45
Arthur Holt, Bolton West, 1951–64
Emlyn Hooson, Montgomeryshire, 1962–79
Rhys Hopkin Morris, Cardiganshire, 1923–32; Carmarthen, 1945–56
Tom Horabin, North Cornwall, 1939–47
Leslie Hore-Belisha, Plymouth Devonport, 1923–31
Geoffrey Howard, Eskdale, 1906–10; Westbury, 1911–18; Luton, 1923–24
Geraint Howells, Cardigan, 1974–83; Ceredigion and Pembrokeshire North, 1983–88
Simon Hughes, Bermondsey, 1983; Southwark and Bermondsey, 1983–88
Joseph Hunter, Dumfriesshire, 1931–34
Robert Hutchison, Kirkcaldy Burghs, 1922–1923; Montrose Burghs, 1924–32
I
J
Barnett Janner, Whitechapel and St Georges, 1931–35
William Albert Jenkins, Brecon and Radnor, 1922–24
Russell Johnston, Inverness, 1964–83; Inverness, Nairn and Lochaber, 1983–88
Harcourt Johnstone, Willesden East, 1923–24; South Shields, 1931–35; Middlesbrough West, 1940–45
Charles Sydney Jones, Liverpool West Derby, 1923–24
Henry Haydn Jones, Merioneth, 1910–45
(John) Henry Morris-Jones, Denbigh, 1929–31
Leif Jones, Camborne, 1923–24; 29–31
William Nathaniel Jones, Carmarthen, 1928–29
William Allen Jowitt, The Hartlepools, 1922–24; Preston, 1929
K
Robert Newbald Kay, Elland, 1923–24
Roderick Morris Kedward, Bermondsey West, 1923–24; Ashford, 1929–31
Thomas Keens, Aylesbury, 1923–24
Sir George Kemp, Heywood, 1895–1906, Manchester North West, 1910–12
Joseph Kenworthy, Kingston upon Hull Central, 1919–26
Barnet Kenyon, Chesterfield, 1913–1929
Archy Kirkwood, Roxburgh and Berwickshire, 1983–88
L
George Lambert, North Devon, 1891–1918; South Molton, 1918–24; 29–31
Wallace Lawler, Birmingham Ladywood, 1969–70
Frederick Joseph Laverack, Brixton, 1923–24
Joseph Leckie, Walsall, 1931–38
Edward Lessing, Abingdon, 1923–24
Arthur Lever, Harwich, 1906–January 1910; Hackney Central, 1922–1923
Thomas Arthur Lewis, Pontypridd, 1918–1922; University of Wales, 1922–1923
Frederick Caesar Linfield, Mid Bedfordshire, 1922–24
Alexander Livingstone, Western Isles, 1923–29
Richard Livsey, Brecon and Radnorshire, 1985–88
Frederick Llewellyn-Jones, Flintshire, 1929–31
David Lloyd George, Caernarfon Boroughs, 1890–31; 35–45
Gwilym Lloyd George, Pembrokeshire, 1922–24; 29–31; 35–50
Megan Lloyd George, Anglesey, 1929–31; 1935–51
John Frederick Loverseed, Sudbury, 1923–1924
Eric Lubbock, Orpington, 1962–70
William Lygon, East Norfolk, 1929–31
Alexander Lyle-Samuel, Eye, 1918–1923
M
William Mabane, Huddersfield, 1931–c35
George Mackie, Caithness and Sutherland, 1964–66
Charles McCurdy, Northampton, January 1910 – 1923
Archie Macdonald, Roxburgh and Selkirk, 1950–51
Murdo Macdonald, Inverness-shire, 1922–50
Eric Macfadyen, Devizes, 1923–24
William McKeag, City of Durham, 1931–35
Alasdair Mackenzie, Ross and Cromarty, 1964–70
Joseph Payton Maclay, Paisley, 1931–45
Thomas James Macnamara, Camberwell North, 1900–1918; Camberwell North West, 1918–1924
Ian Macpherson, 1st Baron Strathcarron, Ross and Cromarty, 1911–31
Donald Maclean, Bath, 1906–10; Peebles and Selkirk, 1910–18; Peebles and South Midlothian, 1918–22; North Cornwall, 1929–31
Sir George McCrae, Edinburgh East, 1899–1909; Stirling and Falkirk, 1923–24
Henry Maden, Lonsdale, 1923–24
Edward Lancelot Mallalieu, Colne Valley, 1931–35
Geoffrey Mander, Wolverhampton East, 1929–35
Courtenay Mansel, Penryn and Falmouth, 1923–24
Croydon Marks, North Cornwall, 1918–24
Arthur Harold Marshall, Wakefield, 1910–1918; Huddersfield, 1922–1923
Albert Edward Martin, Romford, 1922–1923
Frederick Martin, Aberdeen and Kincardine East, 1922–24
David Marshall Mason, Edinburgh East, 1931–35
C F G Masterman, West Ham North, 1906–11; Bethnal Green South West, 1911–14; Manchester Rusholme, 1923–24
Christopher Mayhew, Woolwich East, 1974
Michael Meadowcroft, Leeds West, 1983–87
Hugh Meyler, Blackpool, 1923–24
Ray Michie, Argyll and Bute, 1987–88
James Duncan Millar, East Fife, 1922–24; 29–31
Robert MacGregor Mitchell, Perth, 1923–24
Alfred Mond, Chester, 1906–10; Swansea, 1910–18; Swansea West, 1918–23; Carmarthen, 1924–28
Henry Mond, Isle of Ely, 1923–24
Algernon Moreing, Buckrose, 1918–1922, Camborne, 1922–1923.
Harold Morris, Bristol East, 1922–1923
Rhys Hopkin Morris, Cardiganshire, 1923–1932; Carmarthen, 1945–1956
George Alexander Morrison, Combined Scottish Universities, 1934–35
William Ewart Morse, Bridgwater, 1923–24
Hugh Moulton, Salisbury, 1923–24
Ramsay Bryce Muir, Rochdale, 1923–24
Arthur Murray, Kincardineshire, 1908–1918; Kincardine and Western Aberdeenshire, 19181–1923
John Murray, Leeds West, 1918–1923
Frank Murrell, Weston-super-Mare, 1923–24
N
Harry Nathan, Bethnal Green North East, 1929–35
Sir Henry Norman, Wolverhampton South, 1900–January 1910, Blackburn, December 1910 – 1923
O
Philip Milner Oliver, Manchester Blackley, 1923–24; 29–31
John Joseph O'Neill, Lancaster, 1923–24
Frank Owen, Hereford, 1929–31
Goronwy Owen, Caernarvonshire, 1923–31; 35–45
P
John Pardoe, North Cornwall, 1966–79
Thomas Henry Parry, Flint Boroughs, 1913–18; Flintshire, 1918–24
Robert Pattinson, Grantham, 1922–1923
Samuel Pattinson, Horncastle, 1922–24
David Penhaligon, Truro, 1974–86
Sidney John Peters, Huntingdonshire, 1929–31
Hilton Philipson, Berwick-upon-Tweed, 1922–1923
Vivian Phillipps, Edinburgh West, 1922–24
Ernest Harold Pickering, Leicester West, 1931–35
Robert Pilkington, Keighley, 1923–24
Bill Pitt, Croydon North West, 1981–83
Ernest Griffith Price, Shoreditch, 1922–1923
William Pringle, North West Lanarkshire, 1910–18; Penistone, 1922–24
Percy John Pybus, Harwich, 1929–31
Q
R
Henry Norman Rae, Shipley, 1918–1923
Peter Wilson Raffan, Leigh, 1910–22; Edinburgh North, 1923–24
Frank Raffety, Bath, 1923–24
Cecil Beresford Ramage, Newcastle upon Tyne West, 1923–24
T. B. Wilson Ramsay, Western Isles, 1929–31
Hugh Reynolds Rathbone, Liverpool Wavertree, 1923–24
Walter Russell Rea, Scarborough, 1906–1918; Bradford North, 1923–24; Dewsbury, 1931–35
Tudor Rees, Barnstaple, 1918–22 & 1923–24
Beddoe Rees, Bristol South, 1922–29
Athelstan Rendall, Thornbury, 1906–22 & 1923–24
Aled Owen Roberts, Wrexham, 1931–35
Charles Henry Roberts, Lincoln, 1906–1918; Derby, 1922–1923
Emrys Roberts, Merionethshire, 1945–51
George Henry Roberts, Norwich, 1906–1923
Wilfrid Roberts, North Cumberland, 1935–50
Thomas Atholl Robertson, Finchley, 1923–24
Sydney Walter Robinson, Chelmsford, 1923–24
Thomas Robinson (Stretford politician), Stretford, 1918 -1929,
William Edward Robinson, Stoke-on-Trent, Burslem, 1923–24
Stephen Ross, Isle of Wight, 1974–87
James A. de Rothschild, Isle of Ely, 1929–45
Charles Royle, Stockport, 1923–24
Charles Rudkin, Chichester, 1923–24
Hilda Runciman, St Ives, 1928–29
Walter Runciman Sr, The Hartlepools 1914–1918
Walter Runciman, Oldham, 1899–1900; Dewsbury, 1902–18; Swansea West, 1924–29; St Ives, 1929–31
Richard John Russell, Eddisbury, 1929–31
S
Herbert Samuel, Cleveland, 1902–18; Darwen, 1929–35
James Scott, Kincardine and West Aberdeenshire, 1929–31
Hugh Seely, East Norfolk, 1923–24; Berwick-upon-Tweed, 1935–41
J E B Seely, Isle of Wight, 1904– 06 & 1923–24; Liverpool Abercromby, 1906–10; Ilkeston, 1910–1922
Geoffrey Hithersay Shakespeare, Norwich, 1929–31
Alexander Shaw, Kilmarnock Burghs, 1915–1918; Kilmarnock, 1918–1923
Elizabeth Shields, Ryedale, 1986–87
Ernest Darwin Simon, Manchester Withington, 1923–24; 29–31
John Simon, Walthamstow, 1906 – 18; Spen Valley, 1922 – 31
John Hope Simpson, Taunton, 1922 – 24
Archibald Sinclair, Caithness and Sutherland, 1922 – 45
Cyril Smith, Rochdale, 1972 – 88
Louis Spears, Loughborough, 1922 – 24
Ernest Spero, Stoke Newington, 1923 – 24
Herbert Harvey Spencer, Bradford South, 1922 – 24
Charles Walter Starmer, Cleveland, 1923 – 24
David Steel, Roxburgh, Selkirk and Peebles, 1965 – 83; Tweeddale, Ettrick and Lauderdale, 1983 – 88
Henry Kenyon Stephenson, Sheffield Park, 1918 – 1923
Sydney Stern, 1st Baron Wandsworth 1891- 95
Innes Harold Stranger, Newbury, 1923 – 24
Robert Strother Stewart, Stockton-on-Tees, 1923 – 24
Edward Anthony Strauss, Southwark North, 1927 – 29
John Leng Sturrock, Montrose Burghs, 1918 – 24
Charles Summersby, Shoreditch, 1931 – 35
Joseph Sunlight, Shrewsbury, 1923 – 24
William Sutherland, Argyllshire, 1918 – 24
T
John Lincoln Tattersall, Stalybridge and Hyde, 1923 – 24
Matthew Taylor, Truro, 1987 – 88
Lady Terrington, Wycombe, 1923 – 24
Robert John Thomas, Wrexham, 1918 – 22; Anglesey, 1923 – 29
Piers Gilchrist Thompson, Torquay, 1923 – 24
Trevelyan Thomson, Middlesbrough West, 1918 – 28
George Rennie Thorne, Wolverhampton East, 1908 – 29
Maxwell Ruthven Thornton, Tavistock, 1922 – 24
Jeremy Thorpe, North Devon, 1959 – 79
Robert Parkinson Tomlinson, Lancaster, 1928 – 29
Graham Tope, Sutton and Cheam, 1972 – 74
Paul Tyler, Bodmin, 1974
U
V
Henry Harvey Vivian, Birkenhead, 1906 – 10; Totnes, 1923 – 24
W
Donald William Wade, Huddersfield West, 1950 – 64
George Wadsworth, Buckrose, 1945 – 50
Richard Wainwright, Colne Valley, 1966 – 70, 1974 – 87
James Robert Wallace, Orkney and Shetland, 1983 – 88
George Ward (Liberal MP), Bosworth, 1923 – 24
John Ward, Stoke-on-Trent 1918 – 29
Walter Waring, Banffshire, 1907 – 1918, Blaydon, 1918 – 1922, Berwick and Haddington, 1922 – 1923
Courtenay Warner, North Somerset, 1892 – 1895; Lichfield, 1896 – 1923
John Bertrand Watson, Stockton-on-Tees, 1917 – 1923
Sir Henry "Harry" Webb, Forest of Dean, 1911 – 1918; Cardiff East, 1923 -1924
Charles Frederick White, Derbyshire West, 1918 – 1923
Henry Graham White, Birkenhead East, 1922 – 24; 1929 – 45
Sir Luke White, Buckrose 1900 – 18
John Henry Whitley, Halifax, 1900 – 28
William Wiggins, Oldham, 1925 – 29
Arnold Williams (Liberal MP), Sowerby, 1923 – 24
Christmas Price Williams, Wrexham, 1924 – 29
Penry Williams, Middlesbrough, 1910 – 18; Middlesbrough East, 1918 – 22 & 1923 – 24
Ronald Samuel Ainslie Williams, Sevenoaks, 1923 – 24
Herbert Willison, Nuneaton; 1923 – 24
Sir Richard Winfrey, South West Norfolk, 1906 – 23; Gainsborough, 1923 – 24
Michael Winstanley, Cheadle, 1966 – 70; Hazel Grove, 1974
Margaret Wintringham, Louth, 1921 – 24
Thomas Wintringham, Louth, 1920 – 21
Murdoch McKenzie Wood, Central Aberdeenshire 1919 – 24, Banff, 1929 – 35
George Woodwark, King's Lynn, 1923 – 24
X
Y
Edward Hilton Young, Norwich, 1915 – 23; 24 – 26
Ernest Young, Middlesbrough East, 1931 – 35
Z
Graphical representation (1945-1988)
Notes
See also
:Category:Liberal MPs (UK)
Liberal
List
Liberal Party (UK) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20Liberal%20Party%20%28UK%29%20MPs |
Siegfried "Sigi" Grabner (born 4 February 1975, in Waiern, Carinthia) is an Austrian professional snowboarder. At the 2006 Winter Olympics in Turin, Italy he won bronze in the Parallel Giant Slalom competition.
Having won the Junior World Championship 1994 in Slovenia, he decided to go professional. He won the European Championship 1995 in Finland, and became part of the Burton Alpine Team. In 2003 he won the Parallel Giant Slalom World Championship in Kreischberg, Austria. In 2005 he ranked third in Whistler, British Columbia.
In the summer of 2003 Siegfried Grabner wrote a book, "Boarder zwischen den Welten" (literally "Boarder between the worlds"). He also develops snowboards, his "SG Snowboards" became available in autumn 2005 in three variants. He won the medal at the Turin Olympics on one of his Torino raceboards.
Grabner resides in La Massana, Andorra.
World Cup victories
External links
Sigi Grabner – The Official Website
FIS biography
Austrian male snowboarders
Olympic snowboarders for Austria
Olympic bronze medalists for Austria
Snowboarders at the 1998 Winter Olympics
Snowboarders at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Snowboarders at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Snowboarders at the 2010 Winter Olympics
People from Feldkirchen District
1975 births
Living people
Olympic medalists in snowboarding
People from La Massana
Medalists at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Sportspeople from Carinthia (state) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Siegfried%20Grabner |
Hettenleidelheim (Palatine German: Hettrum) is an Ortsgemeinde – a municipality belonging to a Verbandsgemeinde, a kind of collective municipality – in the Bad Dürkheim district in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. Until 2018, it was the seat of the like-named Verbandsgemeinde.
Geography
Location
The municipality lies in the north of the Palatinate Forest Nature Park (Naturpark Pfälzerwald) in the vicinity of the watershed between the Eisbach and the Eckbach, which flow by the municipality to the north and the south respectively. To the town of Eisenberg to the north, it is 2 km.
History
In 1155, Hettenleidelheim had its first documentary mention and was originally made up of two centres: Hitenheim (later Hettenheim) and Luttelheim (later Leidelheim). Both fell under the Ramsen Monastery's lordship in the Middle Ages, passing to the Bishopric of Worms in 1485 after the monastery's dissolution. Municipal union under a common village court goes back to 1556. In the time of the Reformation, Hettenheim and Leidelheim, along with the outlying Protestant parishes of Eisenberg and Wattenheim, became Lutheran. However, already by about 1634, when the Catholic party got the upper hand in the Thirty Years' War, the two municipalities were first reassigned to the Catholic parish of Neuleiningen, and then in 1705 and 1707, the united municipality was raised to a Catholic parish in its own right. From the mid 19th century, and increasingly as of about 1870, the quarrying of the local highly fireproof clays grew into the municipality's main branch of industry, expanding to industrialized recovery in 1901. After the Second World War, though, this industry was disrupted. Until 1969, the municipality belonged to the now abolished district of Frankenthal. In 2005, Hettenleidelheim celebrated its 850-year jubilee.
Religion
Represented in the municipality are some 1,500 Catholic and 1,000 Protestant Christians, each group with its own parish, and a few Muslims. The Protestants moved to the community mainly in the latter half of the 20th century. The Catholic parish of St. Peter with its branch St. Georg, Tiefenthal, today form with Wattenheim and Altleiningen a parish community. The Protestant parish is an autonomous branch of Wattenheim.
The Jewish community that once existed in the municipality (synagogue in Wattenheim) is still witnessed by two old hidden graveyards that were used from the 18th to the 20th century, and where there are some gravestones worth seeing.
Politics
Municipal council
The council is made up of 20 council members, who were elected at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the honorary mayor as chairman.
The municipal election held on 7 June 2009 yielded the following results:
Mayor
Since 2016, the Mayor of Hettenleidelheim has been Steffen Blaga (CDU).
Deputies
Norbert Unterländer (CDU)
Dominik Wellstein (SPD)
Maria Altheimer (CDU)
Coat of arms
The German blazon reads: In Schwarz ein schrägrechtsgestellter silberner Schlüssel mit abwärtsgekehrtem Bart, unten rechts begleitet von einem schwebenden goldenen Andreaskreuz.
The municipality's arms might in English heraldic language be described thus: Sable a key bendwise argent, the wards in chief and turned to dexter, in base dexter a saltire Or.
The arms were approved by the now abolished Regierungsbezirk government in Neustadt in 1979 and go back to a seal from 1758. The key symbolizes the High Foundation of Worms whose patron was Saint Peter.
Town partnerships
Hettenleidelheim fosters partnerships with the following places:
Blanzy, Saône-et-Loire, France since 1978
Culture and sightseeing
Buildings
Catholic church – The Catholic Church stands in the constituent community of Leidelheim and was built from 1720 to 1724; from 1898 to 1901 it was expanded. It possesses two noteworthy stone Baroque altars from the time of its building.
Railway station – The old railway station is a work in dark sandstone from the late 19th century.
Kriegerhain – The Kriegerhain, or “Warriors’ Grove”, in Hettenheim's lower village harbours various monuments and noteworthy gravestones from the 17th century. The lands once served as the churchyard for Hettenheim's mediaeval Saint Stephen's Chapel (Stephanus-Kapelle), which between 1720 and 1724 was forsaken in favour of the then newly built parish church in Leidelheim.
Jewish graveyards – Next to the Warriors’ Grove lies the older of the municipality's two Jewish graveyards (18th century); the newer one was laid out in the 19th century on the boulevard that leads to Tiefenthal.
Alte Schule – Unusual is the Alte Schule, or “Old School”, built in the late 19th century with a crenellated tower; it now serves as the “house of clubs”.
Municipal festival hall – The spacious Gemeindefesthalle came into being in the 1920s and was renovated about 2000. It was built by the gymnastic club Gut Heil using prestressed concrete.
Local history museum – The Heimatmuseum with its Karl Blum Archive tells the municipality's history and also the history of quarrying clay.
Natural monuments
Towards Eisenberg lies the Erdekaut protected area.
Music
Concerning themselves with performing music are Saint Peter's Catholic Church Choir (Katholischer Kirchenchor St. Peter), the Sängerbund Frohsinn (“singers’ league”) and the Miner's Wind Orchestra (Bergmannsblasorchester).
Regular events
Waldfest, or Forest Festival (in the Birkenschlag): Whit Monday
Kermis (church consecration festival, locally known as the Kerwe): last weekend in August
Barbara markt: early December
Economy and infrastructure
Economy
Hettenleidelheim once earned its livelihood from quarrying clay. This economic activity has since been given up.
Transport
The municipality lies near the Autobahn Autobahn 6 and can be reached through the Wattenheim interchange (1 km). From 1895 to 1990, there was a railway link to Ebertsheim connecting with the Eistalbahn (another railway between Grünstadt and Enkenbach); passenger service was ended as early as 1954, and until the line was permanently closed, it was used only for goods transport. The railway to Grünstadt can nowadays be reached by bus, which goes to Eisenberg station.
Public institutions
As seat of the Verbandsgemeinde, Hettenleidelheim is home to this body's administration.
Education
Hettenleidelheim has its own primary school; secondary schools are available in neighbouring places.
Famous people
Honorary citizens
Karl Blum, local historian
Sons and daughters of the town
Jakob Schwalb (1872–1934), Catholic priest, deacon in Göllheim, Nazi victim.
Nikolaus Osterroth (1875–1933), politician (SPD), member of the Weimar National Assembly
Georg Schmidt (1902–1962), politician (Zentrum), Member of the North Rhine-Westphalian Landtag.
Famous people associated with the municipality
Werner Holz, painter and graphic artist
Theo Rörig, sculptor
Dr. Heinrich Schwalb, physician and patron
Hans and Wiltrud Werner, landscape painters
References
Bad Dürkheim (district)
Palatinate (region) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hettenleidelheim |
Michael Chorost (born December 26, 1964) is an American book author, essayist, and public speaker. Born with severe loss of hearing due to rubella, his hearing was partially restored with a cochlear implant in 2001 and he had his other ear implanted in 2007.
Career and published works
He wrote a memoir of the experience, titled Rebuilt: How Becoming Part Computer Made Me More Human (Houghton Mifflin, 2005, ). Its paperback version has a different subtitle, Rebuilt: My Journey Back to the Hearing World, . In August 2006 Rebuilt won the PEN/USA Book Award for Creative Nonfiction.
His second book, World Wide Mind: The Coming Integration of Humanity, Machines, and the Internet, , was published by Free Press on February 15, 2011.
Dr. Chorost has published in Wired, New Scientist, Astronomy Now, The Futurist, The Scientist, Technology Review, the Chronicle of Higher Education, and SKY. He co-wrote a PBS television show titled The 22nd Century which aired in January 2007. He was a member of the San Francisco Writers Workshop.
Dr. Chorost is frequently interviewed as an authority on cochlear implants and neurally controlled prosthetics by national media such as PBS Newshour, the New York Times and The Economist.
He lectures frequently at universities, conferences, corporations, and organizations for the deaf.
Education and personal life
Born in New Jersey and educated at Brown University, the University of Texas at Austin and University of Wales, Lampeter. He now lives in Washington, DC with his wife and two cats.
References
External links
Official web site
Review of WORLD WIDE MIND, New York Times, Feb. 14, 2011
New York Times, Robo-Legs, June 20, 2005.
Will 'Bionic Bodies' Offer High-Tech Hope to the Disabled?,PBS Newshour, June 28, 2011
Humans hope high tech can improve their bodies,San Francisco Chronicle, January 1, 2009.
Sounds like a good idea, Economist, March 6, 2008
1964 births
Cyborgs
Living people
University of Texas at Austin alumni
University of San Francisco faculty
American male writers
Brown University alumni | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Michael%20Chorost |
The 38th Don Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature was held to commemorate the memory of Don Carlos Palanca Sr. through an endeavor that would promote education and culture in the country.
LIST OF WINNERS
The 1988 winners were divided into ten categories, open only to English and Filipino [Tagalog] short story, poetry, essay, one-act play, and full-length play:
English Division
Short Story
First Prize: Eli Ang Barroso, “Our Lady of the Arts and Letters”
Second Prize: Mario Miclat, “Antonio and His China Wall”
Third Prize: Eric Gamalinda, “Mourning and Weeping in this Valley of Tears”
Nowell Danao, “The Perpetual Monday Morning in the Life of Jose Sakay”
Poetry
First Prize: Merlie Alunan, “Poems for Amina”
Second Prize: Eric Gamalinda, “Patria Y Muerte”
Ramon Sunico, “Secret of Graphite”
Edgardo B. Maranan, “Star Maps and Other Poems”
Third Prize: Clovis Nazareno, “Horns of the World”
Benilda S. Santos, “Nude”
Elson Elizaga, “Poems for Three Friends”
Essay
First Prize: Tezza Parel, “A Sort of Life by the Seawall”
Second Prize: Isagani R. Cruz, “Deconstructing America: America Through the Eyes of Filipinos”
Third Prize: Edgardo B. Maranan, “Palawan: Tales of Poverty, Poetry and Time Travel”
One-Act Play
First Prize: Bobby Flores Villasis, “Salcedo”
Second Prize: No Winner
Third Prize: Elsa M. Coscolluela, “Japayukisan”
Full-Length Play
First Prize: No Winner
Second Prize: No Winner
Third Prize: Mig Alvarez Enriquez, “Alin Ed Purona or Princess Urduja”
Honorable Mention: Felix A. Clemente, “The Wedding”
Leoncio P. Deriada, “Ulahingan Rud-suan”
Filipino Division
Maikling Kwento
First Prize: Cyrus P. Borja, “Sugat sa Dagat”
Second Prize: Dong Delos Reyes, “Ecce Homo, Ecce Machina”
Third Prize: Ronald De Leon, “Huling Pagsusulit”
Rosario Balmaceda-Gutierrez, “Sino Man sa Atin”
Tula
First Prize: Ariel Dim. Borlongan, “Malulungkot na Taludtod”
Second Prize: Josephine Barrios, “Babae Akong Namumuhay Mag-isa”
Third Prize: Romulo P. Baquiran Jr., “Mga Pangarap at Bangungot na Di Malimot”
Benilda S. Santos, “Sa Pakpak ng Balse ni Strauss”
Sanaysay
Honorable Mention:
Isagani R. Cruz, “Ang Filipino sa Larangan ng Panitikan”
Tomas F. Agulto, “Ang Mga Badjao sa Tungkalan”
Pedro L. Ricarte, “Sa Malalim at Malayong Panahon...”
Rustica Carpio, “Talinhaga, Hinaing at Pag-ibig ng Isang Makata”
Dulang May Isang Yugto
First Prize: Ronaldo C. Tumbokon, “Ang Bagong Libis ng Nayon”
Manuel R. Buising, “Tumbampreso”
Second Prize: Amado Lacuesta Jr., “Abril 1521”
Catherine Calzo, “Kuwerdas”
Third Prize: No Winner
Dulang Ganap ang Haba
First Prize: Manuel R. Buising, “Kung Bakit May Nuno sa Punso”
Second Prize: Malou Leviste Jacob, “Pulitika ng Buhay at Pag-ibig”
Third Prize: Felix Padilla, “Larawan ng Pilipino Bilang Artista”
References
Sources
Palanca Awards
Palanca Awards, 1988 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1988%20Palanca%20Awards |
Avenor can refer to:
Avenor Ewe, a sub-tribe of the Ewe people of Ghana
Canadian International Paper Company, at one time called Avenor Inc.
Avener, an officer of the stables under the Master of the Horse | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Avenor |
RLA may refer to any of the following:
Railway Labor Act, US
Ram Lal Anand College, New Delhi, India
Risk-limiting audit of election outcomes
Robert Land Academy, Canadian military academy
Royal Lao Army | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/RLA |
Virgin Cinemas was founded in 1995 when Richard Branson's Virgin Group acquired MGM Cinemas, the largest movie theatre operator in the United Kingdom. Virgin Group bought the cinemas for £195m, and subsequently sold 90 of the chain's smallest cinemas to Cinven and ABC for £70m to concentrate on multiplexes.
In late 1999 Virgin announced that it would sell its cinema interests in Britain and Ireland to UGC, in which French entertainment and utilities giant Vivendi has a 38% controlling share. Virgin sold the chain for £215m, making them a profit of £90m, and all the cinemas were to be rebranded to UGC. The company did strike a long-term deal, however, for UGC to continue to sell Virgin Cola.
The group continued to operate a Virgin Cinemas Japan unit, and announced, also in late 1999, that it would spend up to US$200 million to develop 20 multiplexes in Japan by the early 21st century; a number of Virgin multiplexes in the United States were also under consideration. Despite this, the company closed down in late 2002 as it was sold to Toho, forming Toho Cinemas.
References
https://scholarsmantra.in/
Former cinema chains in the United Kingdom
Former cinema chains in the Republic of Ireland
Entertainment companies established in 1995 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Virgin%20Cinemas |
The 37th Don Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature was held to commemorate the memory of Don Carlos Palanca Sr. through an endeavor that would promote education and culture in the country.
LIST OF WINNERS
The 1987 winners were divided into twelve categories, open only to English and Filipino [Tagalog] novel, short story, poetry, essay, one-act play, and full-length play:
English Division
Novel
Grand Prize: Alfred A. Yuson, Great Philippine Jungle Energy Café
Short Story
First Prize: Gregorio C. Brillantes, “The Flood in Tarlac”
Second Prize: Jose Y. Dalisay Jr., “The Body”
Third Prize: Charlson Ong, “Another Country”
Eli Ang Barroso, “The Bird Lover of City Hall”
Poetry
First Prize: Lina Sagaral Reyes, “(Instead of a Will These) For All the Loved Ones”
Merlinda Bobis, “Peopleness”
Second Prize: Constantino C. Tejero, “Enemigo Mortal”
Edgardo B. Maranan, “Hinterland”
Third Prize: Ma. Fatima V. Lim, “The Quality of Light (Home Colors, Foreign Hues)”
Cesar Ruiz Aquino, “Word Without End”
Essay
First Prize: Wilson Lee Flores, “The Legacy of the Old-Chinese Merchants of Manila”
Second Prize: Danton R. Remoto, “Dislocation”
Third Prize: Wilson Lee Flores, “Don Jose Ma. Basa, the Untold Saga of an Illustrado Patriot”
Wilson Lee Flores, “Gen. Macario Sakay and the Katagalugan Republic vs. the United States”
One-Act Play
First Prize: Bobby Flores Villasis, “Fiesta”
Second Prize: Ametta Suarez Taguchi, “Wish Afternoon in A Slum”
Third Prize: Jose Y. Dalisay Jr., “In Transit”
Full-Length Play
First Prize: Jessie B. Garcia, “Busman's Holiday”
Second Prize: Elsa M. Coscolluela, “Song of the Sparrow”
Third Prize: Mig Alvarez Enriquez, “Cachil Kudarat (Sultan of Mindanao) or Cachil Corrala”
Filipino Division
Nobela
Grand Prize: No Winner
Special Mention: Cyrus P. Borja, Mga Aninong Hubad
Ramon V. Lim, Mga Limbas sa Lupa ng Muhammad
Maikling Kwento
First Prize: Evelyn E. Sebastian, “Isang Pook, Dalawang Panahon”
Second Prize: Cyrus P. Borja, “Batang Plantasyon”
Third {rize: Fidel Rillo, Jr., “Talinhaga ng Talahib ng Los Indios Bravos”
Tula
First Prize: Ruth Elynia S. Mabanglo, “Mga Liham ni Pinay at Iba Pang Tula”
Second Prize: Edgardo B. Maranan, “Namulandayan”
Third Prize: Aida Santos Maranan, “Bangungot ng Lungsod at Iba pang Tula”
Sanaysay
First Prize: Isagani R. Cruz, “Lakas ng Libro/Lakas ng Tao: Pagdidiskonstrak sa Teksto ng Pebrero”
Second Prize: Edgardo B. Maranan, “Bulkan, Bundok, Baha”
Third Prize: Emmanuel Mario B Santos, “Malay”
Dulang May Isang Yugto
First Prize: Ronaldo C. Tumbokon, “Kinang sa Uling”
Leoncio P. Deriada, “Mutya ng Saging”
Second Prize: Aileen M. Aromin, “Agunya”
Rolando Dela Cruz and Rene O. Villanueva, “Asawa”
Third Prize: Ronaldo L. Carcamo, “Pal”
Dulang Ganap ang Haba
First Prize: Isagani R. Cruz, “Marissa”
Second Prize: Rene O. Villanueva, “Awit ng Adarna”
Third Prize: Jose C. Papa, “Salidumay: Awit sa Apoy”
References
Sources
Palanca Awards
Palanca Awards, 1987 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1987%20Palanca%20Awards |
The 36th Don Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature was held to commemorate the memory of Don Carlos Palanca Sr. through an endeavor that would promote education and culture in the country.
LIST OF WINNERS
The 1986 winners were divided into ten categories, open only to English and Filipino [Tagalog] short story, poetry, essay, one-act play, and full-length play:
English Division
Short Story
First Prize: Jose Y. Dalisay Jr., “Merlie”
Second Prize: Jose Y. Dalisay Jr., “The Other Side”
Third Prize: Cesar Felipe Bacani Jr., “The Judge”
Poetry
First Prize: Marne Kilates, “Portraits, Tributes, Protestations, Protests”
Second Prize: Eli Ang Barroso, “Poet's Dozen”
Third Prize: Ma. Fatima V. Lim, “Between Places”
Ma. Luisa A. Igloria, “Disclosures”
Essay
First Prize: Wilma Vitug, “Dateline Manila: A Foreign Journalist's Odyssey”
Second Prize: Herminio Beltran Jr., “Revolt of Spectacles”
Third Prize: Constantino C. Tejero, “The Men and Women in Bilibid”
One-Act Play
First Prize: No Winner
Second Prize: No Winner
Third Prize: Leoncio P. Deriada, “Airport on Mactan Island”
Honorable Mention: Ametta Suarez-Taguchi, “Celadon”
Full-Length Play
First Prize: Ametta Suarez-Taguchi, “Balaring”
Second Prize: Ed delos Santos Cabagnot, “Aria or Madame Macro's Massive Pentimiento”
Third Prize: Mig Alvarez Enriquez, “Lapulapu of Mactan”
Filipino Division
Maikling Kwento
First Prize: Cyrus P. Borja, “Ang Damo sa Fort Bonifacio”
Second Prize: Jun Cruz Reyes, “Syeyring”
Third Prize: Edgardo B. Maranan, “Talahib”
Tula
First Prize: Teo Antonio, “Panahon ng Pagpuksa at Iba pang Pakikidigma”
Second Prize: Ariel Dim. Borlongan, “Mga Himaymay ng Paglalamay”
Third Prize: Jun Cruz Reyes, “Syeyring at iba pang Tula”
Sanaysay
First Prize: Rogelio Mangahas, “Si Edgardo M. Reyes: Ang Manunulat, Kanyang Akda at Panahon”
Second Prize: Fidel Rillo Jr., “Ang Tiyanak sa Landas ni Rio Alma”
Third Prize: Jun Cruz Reyes, “Ilang Talang Luma Buhat sa Talaarawan ng Isang May Nunal sa Talampakan”
Dulang May Isang Yugto
First Prize: Reynaldo A. Duque, “Ang mga Tattoo ni Emmanuel Resureccion”
Second Prize: Roberto Jose De Guzman, “Haplos ng Dahas”
Third Prize: Reuel Molina Aguila, “Alimuom”
Rolando Dela Cruz, “Sa Huling Gabi ng Palabas”
Dulang Ganap ang Haba
First Prize: Bienvenido Noriega Jr., “Bayan Mo”
Second Prize: Lito Casaje, “Juan dela Cruz, New York City”
Third Prize: Rene O. Villanueva, “Ang Hepe”
References
Sources
Palanca Awards
Palanca Awards, 1986 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1986%20Palanca%20Awards |
The 35th Don Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature was held to commemorate the memory of Don Carlos Palanca Sr. through an endeavor that would promote education and culture in the country.
LIST OF WINNERS
The 1985 winners were divided into ten categories, open only to English and Filipino [Tagalog] short story, poetry, essay, one-act play, and full-length play:
English Division
Short Story
First Prize: Eli Ang Barroso, “A Nobel Prize for Jorge Luis Borges”
Conrado De Quiros, “The Hand of God”
Second Prize: No Winner
Third Prize: Charlson Ong, “Men of the East”
Poetry
First Prize: Alfred A. Yuson, “Dream of Knives”
Alfredo N. Salanga, “Miscellanea 1984-1985”
Second Prize: Eric Gamalinda, “Ara Vos Prec”
Felix Fojas, “Confabulations”
Marne Kilates, “Finders of the Image”
Third Prize: Juaniyo Arcellana, “In the South Country”
Merlie Alunan, “The Gift Supreme”
Jose Victor Peñaranda, “Voyage in Dry Season”
Essay
First Prize: Conrado De Quiros, “Micro Sense, Macro Madness”
Second Prize: Gregorio C. Brillantes, “In Memory of Rizal, In Remembrance of Madrid”
Third Prize: Alfred A. Yuson, “A Filipino Poet's Tokyo”
Edel Garcellano, “Reportage on the State of Class War and Philippine Poetry”
One-Act Play
First Prize: Jorge Hernandez, “El Sentido del Indio”
Second Prize: Elsa M. Coscolluela, “First Fruits”
Third Prize: Herminia Sison, “Blessed are the Poor”
Full-Length Play
First Prize: No Winner
Second Prize: No Winner
Third Prize: Felix A. Clemente, “The Maragondon Conspiracy”
Floy Quintos, “Passion Play”
Filipino Division
Maikling Kwento
First Prize: Ernie Yang, “Unang Binyag”
Second Prize: Danilo Consumido, “Mga Lamat ng Moog”
Third Prize: Lamberto E. Antonio, “Alitaptap sa Gabing Maunos”
Tula
First Prize: Mike L. Bigornia, “Puntablangko”
Second Prize: Lamberto E. Antonio, “Pagsalubong sa Habagat”
Third Prize: Alfredo N. Salanga, “Etsetera”
Sanaysay
Special Prizes:
Anselmo Roque, “Isang Munting Aklat ng mga Gunita”
Fidel Rillo Jr., “Now for the Fun of Flowing Gutter”
Pedro L. Ricarte, “Pagbuo ng Sariling Pampanitikang Ideolohiya”
Sol Juvida, “Patria Concha Andal: Ina, Bilanggo, Biktima”
Isagani R. Cruz, “Seks/Dahas: Pelikula/Lipunan”
Dulang May Isang Yugto
First Prize: No Winner
Second Prize: No Winner
Third Prize: No Winner
Honorable Mention: Vergel A. Ramos, “Experimento”
Bonifacio Ilagan, “Pulanlupa”
Roberto Jose De Guzman, “Sa Ngalan ng Ama”
Dulang Ganap ang Haba
First Prize: Jose C. Papa, “Sandatahan”
Second Prize: Bienvenido Noriega Jr., “Pansamantalang Dilim”
Third Prize: Roberto Jose De Guzman, “Martir”
Corazon Urquico, “Stateside”'
References
Palanca Awards
Palanca Awards, 1985 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1985%20Palanca%20Awards |
The 34th Don Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature was held to commemorate the memory of Don Carlos Palanca Sr. through an endeavor that would promote education and culture in the country. This year saw the category of Novel/Nobela, for both the English and Filipino Divisions, being open for competition only every two years.
LIST OF WINNERS
The 1984 winners were divided into twelve categories, open only to English and Filipino [Tagalog] novel, short story, poetry, essay, one-act play, and full-length play:
English Division
Novel
Special Prize: Wilfrido D. Nolledo, Vaya Con Virgo
Short Story
First Prize: Susan S. Lara, “The Reprieve”
Second Prize: Sylvia Mendrez Ventura, “The Tangerine Gumamela”
Third Prize: Gregorio Brillantes, “Stranger in an Asian City”
Lemuel Torrevillas, “The Little Wars of Filemon Sayre”
Poetry
First Prize: Ma. Luisa A. Igloria, “Configuring the Gods and Other Poems”
Edgardo B. Maranan, “Voyage: Poem”
Second Prize: Simeon Dumdum Jr., “Gossamer”
Felix Fojas, “Port of Entry”
Fidelito Cortes, “Waiting for Lobregat”
Third Prize: Alfredo N. Salanga, “February 1899”
Susan Pe, “Moving with the Wind”
Bing Caballero, “Songs in Three Continents”
Essay
First Prize: Gregorio C. Brillantes, “Climate of Disaster, Season of Disgrace”
Second Prize: Ricaredo Demetillo, “The Socio-political Implication in the Fiction of F. Sionil Jose”
Third Prize: Jose Y. Dalisay Jr., “Tales of the Subdivided”
One-Act Play
First Prize: Rolando S. Tinio, “Claudia and Her Mother”
Second Prize: Alexander Lee, “Lunch”
Third Prize: Renato L. Zamora, “A Showcase of Basic Sentiments”
Full-Length Play
First Prize: No Winner
Second Prize: No Winner
Third Prize: Herminia Sison, “The Squirrels”
Honorable Mention: Floy Quintos, “Gironiere”
Filipino Division
Nobela
Grand Prize: Lualhati Bautista, Bata, Bata, Paano Ka Ginawa
Tony Perez, Bata, Sinaksak, Isinilid sa Baul
Maikling Kwento
First Prize: Fidel Rillo, Jr., “Sa Kadawagan ng Pilikmata”
Second Prize: Dong Delos Reyes, “Gamugamo sa Kalawakan”
Third Prize: Pat V. Villafuerte, “Ang Huling Itineraryo ng Pulo-pulong Utak ni Propesor Balisungsong”
Tula
First Prize: Tomas F. Agulto, “Bakasyunista”
Second Prize: Virgilio S. Almario, “Isang Mamamayan ng Lungsod at Iba pang Tula”
Third Prize: Fidel Rillo, Jr., “Mga Tugma ng Paglikha, Mga Talinhaga ng Pagpuksa”
Teo T. Antonio, “Sa Bibig ng Bulkan at Iba pang Krisis”
Sanaysay
First Prize: Lilia Quindoza Santiago, “Mga Titik sa Dambuhalang Bato”
Second Prize: Isagani R. Cruz, “Si Lam-ang, Si Fernando Poe, Jr. at si Aquino”
Third Prize: Edgardo B. Maranan, “Mga Tinig ng Pagtutol”
Dulang May Isang Yugto
First Prize: No Winner
Second Prize: Rene O. Villanueva, “Punla ng Dekada”
Third Prize: Jose Y. Dalisay Jr., “Kalapating Dagat”
Dulang Ganap ang Haba
First Prize: Rene O. Villanueva, “Sigwa”
Second Prize: Bonifacio Ilagan, “Juego de Prendas”
Third Prize: Ruth Elynia S. Mabanglo, “Mga Puntod”
References
Sources
Palanca Awards
Palanca Awards, 1984 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1984%20Palanca%20Awards |
Instincts is the third and final studio album by the American band Romeo Void. It was released in 1984 on Columbia Records. The single "A Girl in Trouble (Is a Temporary Thing)" reached No. 35 on the Billboard Hot 100 singles chart. The album was produced by David Kahne.
Critical reception
The Philadelphia Inquirer wrote that "a walloping beat defines every track, [Debora] Iyall's vocals are smoky and spirited and there are some wonky sax breaks throughout." The Wall Street Journal deemed Instincts "an album of polished, haunting music that lingers with you, like the aftertaste of cognac or the memory of a lover." The Globe and Mail praised Benjamin Bossi's "searing, jazz-tinged saxophone," writing that "the band sounds like nothing else that has gone before." Trouser Press concluded: "Mixing strength with beauty, Romeo Void makes very special dance music for the mind."
Track listing
"Out on My Own" (Debora Iyall, Peter Woods, Frank Zincavage, David Kahne) – 3:51
"Just Too Easy" (Iyall, Woods, Zincavage, Kahne) – 3:09
"Billy's Birthday" (Iyall, Woods, Zincavage) – 4:10
"Going to Neon" (Kahne) – 3:33
"Six Days and One" (Woods, Zincavage) – 4:31
"A Girl in Trouble (Is a Temporary Thing)" (Iyall, Woods, Zincavage, Kahne) – 4:17
"Say No" (Iyall, Woods, Zincavage, Kahne) – 4:37
"Your Life Is a Lie" (Iyall, Woods, Zincavage) – 5:16
"Instincts" (Iyall, Woods, Zincavage) – 4:50
Bonus track (2003 reissue)
"In the Dark" (Benjamin Bossi, Larry Carter, Iyall, Zincavage, Woods) – 4:33 Produced by Ian Taylor and Ric Ocasek
Personnel
Debora Iyall – vocals
Peter Woods – guitar
Benjamin Bossi – saxophone
Frank Zincavage – bass
Aaron Smith – drums, percussion
Additional personnel
Larry Carter – drums on bonus track
Randy Jackson – bass
Vicki Randle – backing vocals
Tish Lorenzo – narration
Technical
François Kevorkian, Jay Mark, Joe Chiccarelli, Ken Kessie - engineers
Chester Simpson - cover photography
Charts
Album
Single
References
Romeo Void albums
1984 albums
Columbia Records albums
Albums produced by David Kahne | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Instincts%20%28album%29 |
The 32nd Don Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature was held to commemorate the memory of Don Carlos Palanca Sr. through an endeavor that would promote education and culture in the country.
LIST OF WINNERS
The 1982 winners were divided into twelve categories, open only to English and Filipino [Tagalog] novel, short story, poetry, essay, one-act play, and full-length play:
English Division
Novel
Grand Prize: Antonio R. Enriquez, Surveyors of the Liguasan Marsh
Short Story
First Prize: Jose Y. Dalisay Jr., "Heartland"
Second Prize: Azucena Grajo Uranza, "Pas De Deux"
Third Prize: Jose Marte Abueg, "The Sky is Always Blue"
Poetry
First Prize: Pablo Liwanag, "Monologues or Otherwise I & II"
Cesar Felipe Bacani Jr., "Outsider and Other Poems"
Second Prize: Simeon Dumdum Jr., "Masbate"
Alfred A. Yuson, "Tightwire and Other Poems"
Third Prize: Augusta Almedda, "Dolphin, Dinosaurs and Eagles"
Edgardo B. Maranan, "Pax Panda and Other Poems"
Essay
First Prize: Jesus S.M. Dimapilis, "Archipelagos of Time: Islands of the Universe"
Second Prize: Jorshinelle Sonza, "A Gift From the Island"
Third Prize: Sheila Coronel, "Bound to the Earth"
One-Act Play
First Prize: No Winner
Second Prize: No Winner
Third Prize: Tony Perez, "The Wayside Café"
Honorable Mention: Elsa M. Coscolluela, "Late Journey Home"
Full-Length Play
First Prize: No Winner
Second Prize: No Winner
Third Prize: No Winner
Honorable Mention: Leopoldo C. Gonzales, "Return to Villa Fuente"
Elsa M. Coscolluela, "The Gemini Conspiracy"
Filipino Division
Nobela
Grand Prize: Victor V. Francisco, Kulang ng Isa sa Sandosena: Ba't di pa Magkasya sa Labing-isa na Lang
Jun Cruz Reyes, Tutubi! Tutubi! 'Wag Kang Magpapahuli sa Mamang Salbahe
Maikling Kwento
First Prize: Lualhati Bautista, "Tatlong Kuwento ng Buhay ni Julian Candelabra"
Second Prize: Fanny A. Garcia, "Arrivederci"
Third Prize: No Winner
Honorable Mention: Ma. Cristina Mata-Basco, "Biyernes Santo: Mainit na Araw, Malamig na Sago"
Cresenciano Marquez Jr., "Paglaya"
Tula
First Prize: Cresenciano Marquez Jr., "Odyssey ng Siglo"
Second Prize: Mar Al. Tiburcio, "Tula ng Aking Panahon"
Third Prize: Edgardo B. Maranan, Balada sa Baklad, sa Darating na Liwanag"
Sanaysay
First Prize: Fanny A. Garcia, "Isang Liham sa Baul ng Isang Manunulat"
Second Prize: Fanny A. Garcia, "Italia! Italia!"
Third Prize: Anselmo Roque, "Proyekto sa Ilog Chico: Isang Dambuhalang Talinhaga sa Panahon Natin"
Dulang May Isang Yugto
First Prize: Anton Juan Jr., "Taong-Grasa"
Second Prize: Rene O. Villanueva, "Nana"
Third Prize: Leoncio P. Deriada, "Si Mr. Daga, Si Mrs. Daga at ang Doktor"
Dulang Ganap ang Haba
First Prize: No Winner
Second Prize: Malou Leviste Jacob, "Ang Mahabang Pagdadalawang-isip sa Maikling Buhay ng Isang Petiburgis"
Third Prize: Jose Javier Reyes, "Lamat"
References
Sources
Palanca Awards
Palanca Awards, 1982 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1982%20Palanca%20Awards |
Accelerated Indirect GLX ("AIGLX") is an open source project founded by Red Hat and the Fedora community, led by Kristian Høgsberg, to allow accelerated indirect GLX rendering capabilities to the X.Org Server and DRI drivers. This allows remote X clients to get fully hardware accelerated rendering over the GLX protocol; coincidentally, this development was required for OpenGL compositing window managers to function with hardware acceleration.
Rationale
There are two ways in which a windowing system can allow an OpenGL implementation to talk to the graphics card.
The first is to specify the OpenGL command stream in a portable network-neutral manner using a client/server implementation similar to the X11 drawing routines. This method, used by AIGLX, is indirect in that the drawing commands are sent to the X server and then the X server sends them along to the graphics card.
The second way, which is at the base of Xgl, is to open a window and then allow the OpenGL library to send commands directly to the graphics card.
Accelerating the indirect OpenGL path is orthogonal to how the X server itself is implemented, but it has the side effect of allowing the OpenGL command stream to be more easily captured and redirected to a texture. This allows Compiz and other compositing window managers to be built on top of a traditional X server with a small extension rather than requiring a full Xgl server. This is also an advantage over DRI which bypasses the compositing engine even while providing hardware acceleration.
Deployment
The AIGLX project was merged into X.Org and has been available with X.Org 7.1.
AIGLX needed driver support to run. Specifically, it depended on the OpenGL extension.
Relationship to Xgl
Although the AIGLX project has features similar to Xgl, it was not intended to be a competing product. According to the Fedora Project Wiki, the project was founded in part because Xgl was written during its final stages "behind closed doors." This lack of peer-review drew criticism claiming to be the root of flaws in the software. An agreement was reached to share the source code between the two projects under the premise that doing so would prevent compatibility conflicts. Xgl was removed from the X Server on June 12, 2008.
History
See also
CGL – the equivalent Mac OS X interface to OpenGL
EGL – the equivalent Wayland interface to OpenGL ES and OpenVG (Wayland is also being mainly developed by Kristian Høgsberg)
GLX – the equivalent X11 interface to OpenGL
References
External links
Fedora Project Wiki AIGLX Article — contains early demonstration videos in the free Ogg Theora format.
Free software projects
Freedesktop.org
OpenGL | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AIGLX |
Raja Gidh () by Bano Qudsia is an Urdu novel. Gidh is the Urdu word for a vulture and Raja is a Hindi synonym for king. The name anticipates the kingdom of vultures. In fact, parallel to the main plot of the novel, an allegorical story of such a kingdom is narrated. The metaphor of the vulture as an animal feeding mostly on the carcasses of dead animals is employed to portray the trespassing of ethical limits imposed by the society or by the religion.
See also
Bano Qudsia
References
Books by Bano Qudsia
1981 novels
Urdu-language novels
Sang-e-Meel Publications books | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Raja%20Gidh |
Sultan Abdul Jalil Karamatullah Nasiruddin Mukhataram Shah Ibni Almarhum Sultan Idris Murshidul Azzam Shah Rahmatullah KCMG (23 April 1868 – 26 October 1918) was the 29th Sultan of Perak. During that period, Perak was part of the Federated Malay States.
Life
Born on 23 April 1868, he is eldest son of Sultan Idris Murshidul Azzam Shah, by his first wife, Raja Nuteh Aishah who is the daughter of Sultan Yusuf of Perak.
Reign
Raja Abdul Jalil ascended to the Perak throne in 1916 following the death of his father Sultan Idris Murshidul Azzam Shah.
Death
Sultan Abdul Jalil's reign was somewhat brief and lasted only 2 years and 10 months. He died on 26 October 1918 at age 50 and was interred next to his late father at the Al-Ghufran Royal Mausoleum in Bukit Chandan. He was conferred the posthumous title of Marhum Radziallah. He was succeeded by his half-brother, Sultan Iskandar Shah.
Legacy
The Sultan Abdul Jalil Shah Bridge which crosses the Perak River at Kuala Kangsar is named in his honour.
Sultan Abdul Jalil Shah Campus (KSAJS), Sultan Idris Education University at Tanjong Malim is also named in his honour.
Sekolah Menengah Kebangsaan Sultan Abdul Jalil Shah (SMKSAJS), A secondary school in Seberang Perak, Kampong Gajah was also named in his honour.
1869 births
1918 deaths
Sultans of Perak
Honorary Knights Commander of the Order of St Michael and St George
19th-century monarchs in Asia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abdul%20Jalil%20Nasiruddin%20Muhtaram%20Shah%20of%20Perak |
The 29th Don Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature was held to commemorate the memory of Don Carlos Palanca Sr. through an endeavor that would promote education and culture in the country. This year saw the inclusion of a new category, Essay/Sanaysay, for both the English and Filipino Divisions.
LIST OF WINNERS
The 1979 winners were divided into ten categories, open only to English and Filipino [Tagalog] short story, poetry, essay, one-act play, and full-length play:
English Division
Short Story
First Prize: F. Sionil José, “Arbol de Fuego”
Rowena Tiempo Torrevillas, “Behind the Fern”
Second Prize: César Ruiz Aquino, “Act”
Norma Miraflor, “The Other Woman”
Third Prize: Grace Marie Katigbak, “Another Execution”
Antonio M. Nieva, “Ride a White Horse to Heaven”
Poetry
First Prize: Cirilo F. Bautista, “Crossworks”
Second Prize: Ricardo M. De Ungria, “Nova Blum”
Third Prize: Edgardo B. Maranan, “Black Holes: A Closer View”
Essay
First Prize: Enrique Jose Crisostomo, “This City is in the Heart”
Second Prize: F. Sionil José, “A Scenario for Filipino Renaissance”
Third Prize: Reynaldo Silvestre, “The Military As a Revolutionary Force”
One-Act Play
First Prize: Dong Delos Reyes, “Earthworms”
Second Prize: Bobby Flores Villasis, “Demigod”
Third Prize: Isagani R. Cruz, “Wedding Night”
Full-Length Play
First Prize: No Winner
Second Prize: No Winner
Third Prize: No Winner
Special Mention: Felix A. Clemente, “The Fort Santiago Contract, December 1896”
Filipino Division
Maikling Kwento
First Prize: Melecio Antonio Adviento, “Lagaslas ng Hanging Makamandag”
Alfonso Mendoza, “Tipaklong, Tipaklong, Bakit Bulkang Sumabog ang Dibdib ni Delfin Balajadia”
Second Prize: Leuterio Nicolas, “Pangarap”
Benigno R. Juan, “Habag”
Third Prize: Jose M. Marquez, “Hindi na Babagtas ang mga Tagak”
Jun Cruz Reyes, “Mga Kuwentong Kapos”
Tula
First Prize: Alberto F. De Guzman, “Kahit ka Man Hostess at Iba Pang Tula”
Second Prize: Mar Al. Tiburcio, “Ngayon, Ang Daigdig at Iba pang Tula”
Third Prize: Ruth Elynia S. Mabanglo, “Dalawampu't Isang Tula”
Sanaysay
First Prize: Virgilio S. Almario, “Mga Talinhaga sa Panahon ng Krisis”
Second Prize: Alice Guillermo, “Ang Kaisipang Pilipino Batay sa Sining Biswal”
Third Prize: Anselmo Roque, “Sa Ibabaw ng Kapirasong Lupa”
Dulang May Isang Yugto
First Prize: Mateo Trijo Doctor, “Bahay Kalapati”
Second Prize: Manuel Galvez, “Isneg”
Third Prize: Nonilon Queano, “Ang Bangkay”
Dulang Ganap ang Haba
First Prize: Bonifacio Ilagan, “Langit Ma'y Magdilim”
Second Prize: Malou Leviste Jacob, “Juan Tamban”
Third Prize: Nonilon Queano, “Ang Katutubo”
References
Sources
Palanca Awards
1979 literary awards | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1979%20Palanca%20Awards |
The 28th Don Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature was held to commemorate the memory of Don Carlos Palanca Sr. through an endeavor that would promote education and culture in the country.
LIST OF WINNERS
The 1978 winners were divided into eight categories, open only to English and Filipino [Tagalog] short story, poetry, one-act play, and full-length play:
English Division
Short Story
First Prize: F. Sionil Jose, “Waywaya”
Second Prize: Rowena Tiempo Torrevillas, “Sunday Morning”
Third Prize: Luis Teodoro Jr., “Borrowed Time”
Poetry
First Prize: Alfred A. Yuson, “15 Poems”
Alfred A. Yuson, “Icon Corner”
Second Prize: Luis Francia, “Point of View”
Jolica Cuadra, “The Dugging Years”
Third Prize: Ricardo Trinidad, “Rule Acrobat from Planet F”
Jose Carreon, “The Kayumanggi Cycle”
One-Act Play
First Prize: Bobby Flores Villasis, “Vigil”
Second Prize: Herminia Sison, “Idiot Boy”
Third Prize: No Winner
Honorable Mention: Paul Stephen Lim, “Hatchet Club”
Elsa M. Coscolluela, “Sundered Selves”
Full-Length Play
First Prize: Jesus T. Peralta, “Exit No Exit”
Second Prize: Elsa M. Coscolluela, “Katalona”
Third Prize: Mig Alvarez Enriquez, “A Tale of Two Houses”
Filipino Division
Maikling Kwento
First Prize: Lilia Quindoza Santiago, “|Talsik ng Liwanag sa Mata ng Isang Musmos”
Second Prize: Rosauro Dela Cruz, “Ayoko Na”
Third Prize: Jun Cruz Reyes, “Utos ng Hari”
Tula
First Prize: No Winner
Second Prize: Lamberto E. Antonio, “Duyan, Araro, Punglo”
Third Prize: Rosauro Dela Cruz, “Mga Tulang Pambata, Mga Tulang Pambatuta”
Special Mention: Bienvenido Ramos, “Ako'y Ulilang Tinig sa Ilang”
Rolando Bartolome, “Ang Makata”
Rolando Natividad, “Inspirasyon”
Eli Ang Barroso, “Mga Tula”
Miguel Arguelles, “Oyayi ng Isang Pulubing Ina”
Dulang May Isang Yugto
First Prize: Manuel Pambid, “Bangkang Papel”
Second Prize: Antonio Victor Reyes, “Langit-langitang Kumunoy”
Third Prize: Dong Delos Reyes, “Muhon”
Dulang Ganap ang Haba
First Prize: Edgardo B. Maranan, “Ang Panahon ni Cristy”
Second Prize: Benjamin P. Pascual, “Konsiyerto ng Apat”
Third Prize: Bienvenido Noriega Jr., “Ang mga Propesyonal”
References
Sources
Palanca Awards
1978 literary awards | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1978%20Palanca%20Awards |
Elemir (; ) is a village located in the Zrenjanin municipality, in the Central Banat District of Serbia. It is situated in the province of Vojvodina. As of 2011 census, the village has a population of 4,338 inhabitants.
Name
In Serbian, the village is known as Elemir or Елемир, in Hungarian as Elemér and in German as Elemer.
Demographics
As of 2011 census, the village has a population of 4,338 inhabitants.
Historical population
1869: 4,359
1900: 4,749
1948: 4,656
1953: 4,757
1961: n/a
1971: 5,001
1981: 4,998
1991: 4,724
2002: 4,690
2011: 4,338
Ethnic groups
The ethnic composition of the village (as of 2011 census):
Serbs = 4,158 (88.66%)
Romani = 181 (3.86%)
Hungarians = 93 (1.98%)
Yugoslavs = 54 (1.15%)
Croats = 24 (0.51%)
Others (3.84%)
Gallery
See also
List of places in Serbia
List of cities, towns and villages in Vojvodina
References
Slobodan Ćurčić, Broj stanovnika Vojvodine, Novi Sad, 1996.
External links
Zrenjanin
Populated places in Serbian Banat
Populated places in Central Banat District | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elemir |
Alexander McKay (1804 – 3 June 1830) was a Scottish heavyweight bare-knuckle fighter. He fought in just five prize fights, these are:
Loss to Simon Byrne after 47 mins, in 5 rounds on 3 May 1827
Win over Peter Curran after 18 mins – in 1828
Win over Paul Spencer after 25 rounds on 16 October 1828 £40
Win over Paul Spencer after 30 mins in 34 rounds on 17 February 1829
Loss to Simon Byrne after 53 mins in 47 rounds on 2 June 1830
McKay died of a brain haemorrhage 30 hours after his second fight against Byrne. The news of his death was greeted in his native Scotland by rioting in which several died. He is buried in churchyard in the village of Hanslope, Buckinghamshire. The following epitaph is engraved on his tombstone.
"Strong and athletic was my frame
Far from my native home I came
And bravely fought with Simon Byrne
Alas, but never to return.
Stranger take warning from my fate
Lest you should rue your case too late
If you have ever fought before
Determine now to fight no more"
See also
List of bare-knuckle boxers
External links
Record of McKay's fights
Bare-knuckle boxers
Scottish male boxers
Deaths due to injuries sustained in boxing
1804 births
1830 deaths
Sport deaths in England
Heavyweight boxers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alexander%20McKay%20%28boxer%29 |
is a Japanese glass manufacturing company. In 2006, it acquired Pilkington of the United Kingdom. This makes NSG/Pilkington one of the four largest glass companies in the world alongside another Japanese company Asahi Glass, Saint-Gobain, and Guardian Industries.
The company is listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange and is a constituent of the Nikkei 225 stock index.
History
The company was established in November 1918 as America Japan Sheet Glass Co., Ltd. with its head office in Osaka, after it obtained technology from Libbey Owens Ford Glass Co. of the United States to produce flat glass using the Colburn process. The company changed its name to the Nippon Sheet Glass Co., Ltd. in January 1931. It expanded operations across Japan post World War II, and in October 1970, acquired Nippon Safety Glass Co., Ltd. In April 1999, the company merged with Nippon Glass Fiber Co., Ltd. and Micro Optics Co., Ltd. In April 2001, the company acquired Nippon Muki Co., Ltd. and in July 2004, moved the registered head office from Osaka to Minato Ward in Tokyo.
Pilkington
In 1986, Pilkington bought Libbey Owens Ford. Following an agreed acquisition of 20% of Pilkington of the United Kingdom in 2001, in 2006, NSG purchased the residual 80% of shares.
Present
Founded in 1918, NSG acquired the leading UK-based glass manufacturer Pilkington plc in June 2006. Today, the company has combined sales of approximately JPY 600 billion, with manufacturing operations in 29 countries and sales in 130 countries, employing some 28,500 people worldwide.
The Group's Flat Glass businesses, encompassing Building Products and Automotive Products, account for 90 per cent of annual sales, with the balance being in Specialty Glass. The Specialty Glass business covers a number of niche markets, the most important of which are in displays and optical products for printers and copiers.
Geographically, 42 per cent of the Group's sales are in Europe, 28 per cent in Japan and 13 per cent in North America, with the rest primarily in South America, Southeast Asia and China.
Main products in Japan
NSG TEC solar energy products, technical glass for white goods and displays
Home use
SPACIA: Double glazing with vacuum layer at center plane. (Eco-Glass)
SECUO: Security glass as laminated glass with resin sheet.
PAIR REIBORG: Double glazing, sunshading and high-thermal insulating glass with special metal coating. (Eco-Glass)
PAIR REIBORG HIKARI: Photocatalytic cleaning glass with REIBORG. (Eco-Glass)
HOME TOUGH LIGHT: Toughened glass with 5 times toughness as normal glass.
Building use
UMU: Electric controlled switching glass with transparent or photo scattered.
Telecom・IT use
SELFOC: Flat-end-type Rod lens with graded index by ion exchange (self focus)
SLA SELFOC LENS ARRAY: Arrayed Selfoc lens for scanning image like a copy-machine or printer.
Automobile use
LAMIPANE: Laminated glass for windshield.
THERLITE-T: Heater line installed Anti-fogging glass.
References
External links
NSG Corporate Website
NSG Commercial Website
GO FOTON! (formerly NSG America, Inc.)
Glassmaking companies of Japan
Glass trademarks and brands
Manufacturing companies based in Tokyo
Mitsui
Companies listed on the Tokyo Stock Exchange
Japanese brands
Sumitomo Group
Manufacturing companies established in 1918
Japanese companies established in 1918 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nippon%20Sheet%20Glass |
The 26th Don Carlos Palanca Memorial Awards for Literature was held to commemorate the memory of Don Carlos Palanca Sr. through an endeavor that would promote education and culture in the country. This year saw the inclusion of a new category, Full-Length Play/Dulang Ganap ang Haba, for both the English and Filipino Divisions.
LIST OF WINNERS
The 1976 winners were divided into eight categories, open only to English and Filipino [Tagalog] short story, poetry, one-act play, and full-length play:
English Division
Short Story
First Prize: Paul Stephen Lim, “Taking Flight”
Second Prize: Leoncio P. Deriada, “Trilogy”
Third Prize: Jose Nadal Carreon, “The Chieftain's Trophy, Abunnawas”
Poetry
First Prize: Gémino H. Abad, “The Space Between”
Second Prize: Ricardo M. De Ungria, “Poyms Tch Tch Passwords”
Third Prize: Alejandrino G. Hufana, “Three Obligations”
One-Act Play
Special Mention:
Esteban Javellana, “Age of Heroes”
Roel T. Argonza, “El Supremo”
Marina N. Cruz, “The Red Bikini”
Domingo Nolasco, “This Land is Mine”
Felix A. Clemente, “What Might Have Been”
Full-Length Play
First Prize: Nick Joaquin, “The Beatas”
Second Prize: No Winner
Third Prize: No Winner
Special Prize: Manuel M. Martell, “Like the Days of a Hireling”
Elsa M. Coscolluela, "The Primordial Quotient"
Filipino Division
Maikling Kwento
First Prize: Fanny A. Garcia, “Alamat ng Sapang Bato”
Second Prize: Jun Cruz Reyes, “Araw ng mga Buldozer at Dapithapon sa Buhay ni Ato”
Third Prize: Domingo G. Landicho, “Ang Pangarap ni Isis”
Tula
First Prize: Lamberto E. Antonio, “Sangkipil na Uhay”
Second Prize: Teo T. Antonio, “Sa Pagtabon ng Gumuhong Bundok”
Third Prize: No Winner
Dulang May Isang Yugto
First Prize: Nonilon Valdeamos Queano, “Nang Pista sa Aming Bayan”
Second Prize: Mariano Calangasan, “Ang Daigdig sa Isang Handaan”
Third Prize: Rolando C. Bartolome, “Ang Kanal”
Dulang Ganap ang Haba
First Prize: Nonilon Valdeamos Queano, “Alipato”
Second Prize: No Winner
Third Prize: No Winner
Special Prizes: Bienvenido Noriega Jr., “Ang Artista sa Palengke”
Azucena Grajo Uranza, “Isang Saglit sa Karimlan”
References
Sources
Palanca Awards
1976 literary awards | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1976%20Palanca%20Awards |
Kirn is a town in the Bad Kreuznach district in Rheinland-Pfalz, Germany. It is the seat of the Verbandsgemeinde Kirner Land. Kirn is a middle centre serving an area on the Nahe and in the Hunsrück.
Geography
Location
Kirn lies in a landscape characterized by the Nahe valley and the valley of the Hahnenbach, cut deeply into the Lützelsoon, roughly 10 km northeast of Idar-Oberstein and 30 km west of Bad Kreuznach. The valley floors are heavily settled in places, whereas the steep slopes in the higher areas are mostly bare of buildings and decked with forest. Rising up above the woodland canopy in many places are freestanding quartzite crags. Particularly striking among these are the Oberhauser Felsen, the Kallenfels and the Wehlenfelsen north of the town. Flowing through the unhurried inner town is the Hahnenbach, which rises in the Hunsrück, and not too much farther downstream empties into the Nahe. Also characterizing the town's appearance is the quarry up from the town centre, which stretches eastwards all the way to the town limit.
Land use
Kirn's municipal area measures 16.53 km2, and by percentages, the uses of this land break down thus:
Agriculture — 15.1
Woodland — 51.9
Open water — 2.4
Residential and transport — 28.6
Other — 2.0
Neighbouring municipalities
Clockwise from the north, Kirn's neighbours are the municipalities of Oberhausen bei Kirn, Hochstetten-Dhaun, Meckenbach, Heimweiler and Bärenbach, the town of Idar-Oberstein and the municipalities of Fischbach, Bergen and Hahnenbach. Idar-Oberstein, Fischbach and Bergen all lie in the neighbouring Birkenfeld district, whereas all the others likewise lie within the Bad Kreuznach district.
Constituent communities
Kirn's Stadtteile are the main centre, also called Kirn, and the two outlying centres of Kallenfels and Kirn-Sulzbach. Also belonging to Kirn are the outlying homesteads of Akvas Papiermühle, Cramersmühle, Füllmannsmühle, Hasenfels, Kallenfelser Hof, Kyrburg, Ölmühle Spielmann and Schleif-Mühle.
Climate
Yearly precipitation in Kirn amounts to some 540 mm, which is rather low, falling below average for the precipitation chart for all Germany. Kirn lies alee of the surrounding uplands. The driest months are January and February. The most rainfall comes in August. Rainfall is, however, rather evenly spread across the whole year. Fog is very common for the colder season.
History
The town of Kirn can look back on a very long history. It was founded at a river crossing near which several roads met. On 20 May 841, Kirn had its first documentary mention in a document from Fulda Abbey. Archaeological finds from Celtic and Roman times (the remnants of a were unearthed in the part of town known as ""), however, point to a considerably greater age than that. The name Kirn is believed to be of Celtic origin. In the Fulda document mentioned above, the town was named as Chira. The name likely derives from the Celtic , meaning 'water'. Meant here, of course, would be the Nahe and the Hahnenbach, which empties into it here, whose water apparently gave the town its name. The Nahe served then as an important transport route as well as supplying water for livestock and fish for people.
The first settlement is believed to have lain on the bank of the Kyrbach (another name for the Hahnenbach although, strictly speaking, it designates only the Hahnenbach's headstream some distance upstream from Kirn), in an area today bordered by Gerbergasse and Langgasse (lanes), with the marketplace in the middle. In other words, at the crossroads, a market grew up. This was the seed from which the town's history sprouted. The roads leading over the heights brought the people of the Nahegau to this market town. The (), within whose tightly defined boundaries no other market was allowed to be held, protected the markets and those who fed them in a tightly bordered area around the town. Great parts of the market town were held during the High Middle Ages by Saint Maximin's Abbey in Trier, which also held the market rights.
In 926, the Abbey gave three Frankish noblemen by way of exchange a hill suitable for use as a fortification, and they proceeded to build a castle there to defend their holdings against the Magyars. It came to be known as the Kyrburg. It seems that these noblemen's castle had passed by 966 to the rising family of the Emichones/Waldgraves. In the time that followed, these new owners bit by bit did the Abbey out of its rights, leaving it only with the market rights. In the 11th or 12th century, the rights to the market were transferred to the Lords of Stein, whose seat was on the "stones" ( means in German) in the Hahnenbach valley above what is now Kirn's outlying centre of Kallenfels. The Lords of Stein-Kallenfels were able to assert these rights until the 18th century, defending them first against the Waldgraves and later against their successors.
West of the market centre arose another settlement in the years that followed, obviously founded by the Waldgraves, which was called (), and for which town rights were being sought, as it were, to take the bread out of the market town's mouth. Town rights, though, were forthcoming to neither the Kyr settlement nor the , even though the settlement on the Hahnenbach, beginning in 1335, was time and again in documents being called (). Both the market centre and the Old Town were at least partly fortified. The names of the gates that stood at the ends of the thoroughfares () are known. The last town gate was torn down in 1880 in the Old Town to make way for growing traffic. The Kyrbach's left bank was also built up. Standing here was the church, which if anything was part of an old royal estate. As a landhold of the Archbishopric of Mainz it became an outlying centre of a great rural chapter that comprised the rural clergy all the way over to the Simmern area.
Even after various divisions of inheritance, Kirn remained between 1258 and 1790 a joint holding of the Houses of Dhaun and Kyrburg. Despite its economic and ecclesiastical importance, Kirn had at its disposal since earliest times only a small municipal area, which even today has not changed. The vineyards strewn over the hills all about the town surely only provided for local demand. The scant, stony soils allowed no more than limited yields when farmed. Livestock raising, on the other hand, seems to have played a certain role. These circumstances favoured the growth of various handicrafts in the town.
Livestock raising, the low-lying oak forest right nearby and the water from the Nahe and the Kyr consequently led to the establishment of tanning and wool processing. Reports of a woollen weavers' guild crop up as early as 1359. The tanners' and tailors' guilds seem to have arisen about this time, too. The tanners, and the dyers, too, settled along the flat bank of the Hahnenbach. The later tanners' quarter between Gerbergasse and the Nahe only arose in modern times. Their products were marketed by both local people and those from farther afield, mainly at the four great yearly markets and the weekly markets. The houses around the marketplace had on their ground floors recesses in which local handicraftsmen would offer their wares for sale in their “shops”.
On the marketplace itself were, besides the two fountains, also lockable market stalls that could be hired by bakers, butchers and potters. On the Hahnenbach side of the square stood the 1508 town hall, which was torn down in 1849 to make way for what was even then a growing amount of traffic. The prison there once held the thirteen-year-old Johannes Bückler – better known as Schinderhannes – in 1796, but not for very long, for he quickly escaped. The townsfolk's self-assurance in those days showed itself in the establishment of civic institutions such as a bathing parlour and an infirmary. The great many donations to the Church bear witness to the people's wealth.
Around the church over on the Kyr's left bank stood clerics' houses as well as the Latin school, which was first mentioned in 1402, and which in the course of its history sent dozens of students to every university in Germany. Because the local lordships were somewhat less than decisive in their governance, the Reformation was introduced into the Waldgravial-Rhinegravial lands only in 1544 or 1545. Outwardly, the Kirn townsfolk's new self-assurance showed itself in the way they ended their own serfdom in 1600 by buying their freedom for 4,000 Rhenish guilders. It was many years, though, before the debt burden arising from this no longer weighed on the town's economy.
Kirn's and its economy's favourable growth came to a dead stop with the Thirty Years' War. Foreign fighters (Spaniards, Croats, Frenchmen and Swedes, to name but a few) along with two Plague epidemics wrought havoc with the town, reducing its 230 families in 1616 (two years before the war broke out) to only 74 afterwards. These losses were somewhat offset by the arrival of newcomers from Lombardy, the Tyrol and the Engadin. These immigrants and their offspring quickly became a force not only in the town's economy but also in its cultural life. From the Family Englisch, who had come from the Davos area, sprang the painter Johann Georg Englisch (1668-1741), who did paintings in many churches over a broad area, and Johann Bernhard Englisch (1709-1768), who as a much sought-after plied his trade as far away as Lake Geneva.
The latter half of the 17th century, though, brought Kirn many occupations in connection with French King Louis XIV's wars of conquest. The town sometimes had to put up with (and supply) years-long occupations. This period ended with the Kyrburg's destruction in 1734, an event that the townsfolk surely also welcomed. After the House of Salm died out, the lordship over the of Kirn and the half share of the town itself passed in 1743 to the line of Salm-Leuze. Together with his brother Phillip Joseph, Prince Johann Dominik Albert took over the lordship.
Johann Dominik (1708-1778) was an enlightened, affable prince, who through future-oriented measures, such as building streets and boulevards, boosted the economy. Many of his master builder Thomas Petri's buildings still characterize Kirn's appearance, and the same is true for a number of the outlying villages that then belonged to the . Particularly worthy of mention here are the winery on Kallenfelser Straße, the Piarist monastery (nowadays the town hall) and many official and private buildings throughout the town. Meanwhile, in 1767, Kirn received a town charter. Johann Dominik's nephew and successor Friedrich III ruined the country's finances with his impecunious ways of conducting his life, to the point at which the even imposed a bankruptcy régime on the town. In 1794, he met his end in Paris at the guillotine.
Beginning in 1797, the little state that was Kirn belonged, like all the German lands on the Rhine's left bank, to the French state. It formed together with a few outlying villages a () in the of Simmern in the Department of Rhin-et-Moselle. Kirn now became a town lying in the southwesternmost part of its department, thus cleaving it asunder from many of the formerly Salm-held areas that had once fed its economy. When the decisions made at the Congress of Vienna in 1814 and 1815 began to be implemented locally in 1817, things got even worse for Kirn as it was assigned to the Kreuznach district. To the west the town now bordered on the Birkenfeld district in the Grand Duchy of Oldenburg and to the south on the Meisenheim district in the Landgraviate of Hesse-Homburg. Thus, just beyond the last houses in town began foreign territory. The economic downfall arising from this situation could not be stopped.
Together with seven villages, Kirn now formed the () of Kirn, an arrangement that lasted until 1857 when, by Royal Cabinet Order, Kirn was granted the rank of town. Now, however, there was only one leader, the mayor, who held the reins of both the town and the now supposedly separate outlying villages. This "personal union" lasted until 1896.
Only after the fall of the customs barriers and the building of the Rhine-Nahe Railway (1856-1859) was there once again an appreciable economic upswing. Leathermaking began to recover once the tanners, both those using bark tanning and those using mineral tanning, set up shop – sometimes jointly – in the area between the Nahe, the Hahnenbach and the millpond, after traditionally keeping their tanneries along the bank of the Hahnenbach.
After 1850, a few tanning families moved on and rose with new businesses in new locations, sometimes to worldwide importance. After the Rhine-Nahe Railway had been completed, not only leather products could be shipped to market, but so could the melaphyre being quarried at Kirn's quarries. With the rise of the brewery near the winery in 1863, the town eventually earned itself the title "Town of Leather, Stones and Beer". As industry grew, so too did the demand for manpower, and thus between 1850 and 1910, the town's population swelled from roughly 1,500 to 7,000.
This positive development was, however, interrupted by the upshot from the First World War, the runaway inflation and the Great Depression. Already in the 1920s and 1930s, many enterprises felt forced to restructure their production. New businesses came that contributed once again to a rise in Kirn's economic importance, and in the field of finishing small leather goods, to a rise in the town's prestige.
After the Second World War, there was another economic upswing, which brought along with it more population growth. Beginning in the 1960s, it was clear that another restructuring was needed. Since that time, no more tanning has been done in Kirn and even the small leather goods industry found itself undergoing changes. Instead of leather, plastic goods are now produced. With the amalgamation of the villages of Kallenfels and Kirnsulzbach in 1969, the population rose for a time above 10,000, only to shrink later on. Today, somewhat more than 8,000 people call Kirn home.
Jewish history
Kirn had a Jewish community until sometime between 1938 and 1942. Even as far back as the Middle Ages, there were Jews living in the town. The violent persecution that took place on 21 September 1287 (11 Tishri 5048 according to data in Siegmund Salfeld's Das Martyrologium des Nürnberger Memorbuches) saw the murder of six Jews in Kirn. This is believed, for it did after all happen in the same year, to have been linked to the wave of pogroms that swept the region as a result of the Oberwesel blood libel (see Werner of Oberwesel). The survivors moved away from Kirn. In the earlier half of the 14th century, however, there were once again Jews living in the town. The Waldgrave of Kyrburg, then the town's lord, took ownership of three Jews, after having secured leave from King Albrecht to do so in 1301. In 1330, Waldgrave Johann asked for the number of Jews (or Jewish families) to be raised to 15, which was likewise approved by the Emperor. Jewish life in the town was, however, destroyed in the antisemitic persecution that arose in the time of the Plague (1348-1349). It is believed that Kirn's Jewish families saw to their own institutions, such as a prayer room and a graveyard: from the 16th century to the 19th, there was still a cadastral area within the town named Of dem Judenkirchof () in memory of an old Jewish graveyard. Between the 15th and 18th centuries, there were apparently no Jewish residents at all in Kirn. Only in 1693, during one of French King Louis XIV's occupations, is a Jewish inhabitant mentioned as being in town for a short while. From the mid 19th century, there were once again Jewish families living in Kirn. The number of Jewish inhabitants developed as follows: in 1843, there were none; in 1858, 5; in 1866, 45; in 1895, 104 (1.8% of all together 5,639 inhabitants). The Jews who had moved to town were by and large from smaller outlying places in the region, among others Hennweiler, Bruschied, Becherbach, Simmern unter Dhaun (today Simmertal), Merxheim, Meddersheim, Sien, Laufersweiler and Hottenbach. After 1900, the Jews living in Becherbach became part of the Kirn Jewish community, having hitherto belonged to the Hundsbach community. The actual entity known as the Jewish community (the ) was founded in 1866 when a leadership and representatives were elected and at the same time both a men's association and a women's association came into being. Appearing on the 1866 list of "Jews who have been empowered to exercise the franchise" were Jacob Ullmann (salesman), David Ullmann (merchant), David Wolf (spice dealer from Löllbach), Moses Lieb (salesman) Abraham Scholem (merchant), Marcus Loeb (merchant from Weierbach) and Jacob Mayer (musician, innkeeper from Hennweiler). In the way of institutions, there were a synagogue (see Synagogue below), a Jewish school, a mikveh and a graveyard (see Jewish graveyard below). To provide for the community's religious needs, a schoolteacher was hired, who also busied himself as the hazzan and the shochet (preserved is a whole series of job advertisements for such a position in Kirn from such publications as Der Israelit). Among the religion teachers were Joseph Seligmann (about 1880), Max Goldschmidt (about 1892; born in 1871 in Schlüchtern; died at Theresienstadt concentration camp in 1943), Joseph Nathan Kahn (in 1898–1899; born in 1877 in Rieneck; had been a teacher in Babenhausen, after his short time in Kirn he moved to Offenbach am Main), Bernhard Weil (beginning in 1908; born in 1868 in Eichstetten, died in 1943 in Noé, Haute-Garonne, France, was until February 1939 in Kirn, thereafter and until his deportation in October 1940 in Karlsruhe; further details can be found at the end of this section). One member of Kirn's Jewish community fell in the First World War, Alfred Moritz (b. 16 May 1890 in Meisenheim, d. 20 June 1916). In 1925, Kirn's Jewish community numbered 106 (1.4% of the total population). In 1932, the Jewish community's leaders were Ferdinand Schmelzer (head of leadership), since 1911 the owner of a shop that sold brushes and household goods at Radergasse 1, Dr. med. Richard Asch (second leader), who since 1918 had had a medical practice at Bahnhofstraße 11, was a doctor for the Deutsche Reichsbahn, and was said to be called the "poor man's doctor" for his charitable engagement, and Wilhelm Vogel I (third leader), a merchant who lived at Neuestraße 9. Still working as teacher, cantor and shochet was the same Bernhard Weil already named. In the 1931–1932 school year, he taught 12 Jewish children from the community in religion. After 1933, the year when Adolf Hitler and the Nazis seized power, though, some of the Jews (that year, almost 100 persons) moved away or even emigrated in the face of the boycotting of their businesses, the progressive stripping of their rights and repression, all brought about by the Nazis. On Kristallnacht (9–10 November 1938), the synagogue's interior was utterly destroyed by Brownshirt thugs, and perhaps worse, 13 Jewish homes were also invaded and demolished. Nevertheless, there were still 39 Jewish inhabitants in Kirn in 1939. The last eleven Jewish inhabitants were deported to the camps in July 1942. According to the Gedenkbuch – Opfer der Verfolgung der Juden unter der nationalsozialistischen Gewaltherrschaft in Deutschland 1933-1945 ("Memorial Book – Victims of the Persecution of the Jews under National Socialist Tyranny") and Yad Vashem, of all Jews who either were born in Kirn or lived there for a long time, 50 were victims of Nazi persecution (birthdates in brackets):
Johanna Allmeyer née Köhler (1880)
Julius Allmeyer (1884)
Erwin Baum (1918)
Johanna Baum née Liebmann (1878)
Siegmund Baum (1883)
Julius Berg (1899)
Martha Blasius née Koppenhagen (1892)
Otto Brück (1873)
Otto Dornhard (1886)
Else Dornhard (1914)
Ernst Dornhard (1917)
Selma Dornhard née Hanau (1891)
Johanna Gottschalk née Fried (1881)
Maurice Gottschalk (1896)
Max Gottschalk (1878)
Moritz Gottschalk (1893)
Paul Gottfried Gottschalk (1909)
Theo Gottschalk (1915)
Julius Grebe (1881)
Hertha Greve née Weingarten (1897)
Erich Haas (1914)
Helene Haas née Gudenberg (1879)
Leo Haas (1878)
Willy (Wilhelm) Haas (1888)
Felix Joseph (1905)
Gustav Joseph (1866)
Rosa (Rosina) Joseph née Scholem (1867)
Anni Kahn (1921)
Amalie Leib (1872)
Elise Leib née Sender (1874)
Leopold Leib (1875)
Erna Levy née Vogel (1899)
Max Ernst Levy (1908)
Berta Levy née Kaufmann (1870)
Leopold Levy (1895)
Loritz Levy (1909)
Erna Lob (1919)
Frieda Paula Moritz (1890)
Jette (Henriette) Moritz née Rosenfeld (1859)
Henriette Römer née Sender (1902)
Siegfried Römer (1924)
Bertha Rothschild née Bärmann (1856)
Albert Schmelzer (1903)
Fritz Sigismund Schmelzer (1904)
Herbert Sternheimer (1898)
Rosa Vogel née Michel (1879)
Wilhelm Vogel I (1872)
Bernhard Weil (1868) (see also below)
Otto Weil (1894)
Else Weiss née Dornhard (1914)
Bernhard Weil, third from the bottom in the list and also mentioned earlier, was born on 19 June 1868 in Eichstetten to Isaak Weil and Pauline née Rotschild. He had himself trained as a schoolteacher and a cantor and worked as such from 1908 to 1939 in Kirn (and before that in Leutershausen [Bergstraße], among other places).
Religion
As at 30 September 2013, there are 8,220 full-time residents in Kirn, and of those, 4,180 are Evangelical (50.852%), 2,152 are Catholic (26.18%), 2 are Greek Orthodox (0.024%), 2 are Jehovah's Witnesses (0.024%), 1 is Lutheran (0.012%), 1 is Old Catholic (0.012%), 2 belong to the Palatinate State Free Religious Community (0.024%), 1 is Reformed (0.012%), 1 is Old-Reformed (0.012%), 7 are Russian Orthodox (0.085%), 1 belongs to the Frankfurt Jewish worship community (0.012%), 481 (5.852%) belong to other religious groups and 1,389 (16.898%) either have no religion or will not reveal their religious affiliation.
Politics
Town council
The council is made up of 24 council members, who were elected by personalized proportional representation at the municipal election held on 7 June 2009, and the mayor as chairman. The municipal election held on 7 June 2009 yielded the following results:
Gains and losses (“+/–”) are reckoned against the 2004 election results. Voter turnout was 48.5% (48.3% in 2004).
Mayor
Kirn's mayor is Frank Ensminger (FDP), and his deputies are Christa Hermes (CDU), Michael Kloos (SPD), and Hartmut Ott (FWG).
Coat of arms
The town's arms might be described thus: Gules two lions combatant Or armed and langued azure holding two cramps per saltire argent, crowning the shield a mural coronet with three towers embattled of the second.
Town partnerships
Kirn fosters partnerships with the following places:
Fontaine-lès-Dijon, Côte-d'Or (Burgundy), France since 10 May 1986
Since the partnership documents were signed, there have been regular exchanges between Kirn and the commune of Fontaine-lès-Dijon (which lies just outside Dijon and about 500 km from Kirn) of families, groups and officials. The official yearly meeting takes place at Whitsun, with the venue alternating between the two towns each year, and this is attended by up to 250 citizens.
Marange-Silvange, Moselle (Lorraine), France since 7 November 2010
The commune of Marange-Silvange lies 12 km northwest of Metz. The partnership’s goal is mainly to bring youth from both places together. Since the signing of the agreement, there have already been contacts and meetings.
Culture and sightseeing
Buildings
The following are listed buildings or sites in Rhineland-Palatinate’s Directory of Cultural Monuments:
Kirn (main centre)
Evangelical church, Kirchstraße 4 – former Saint Pancras's Collegiate Church (Stiftskirche St. Pankratius), Late Gothic Revival hall church, 1891–1893, architect Wiethase; Late Gothic quire, after 1467; six-floor tower, fifth floor inserted in between in 1893, mid 13th century; Late Gothic vestry (see also below)
Saint Pancras's Catholic Parish Church (Pfarrkirche St. Pankratius), Kolpingweg 1 – Late Gothic Revival basilica, 1892–1894, architect Max Meckel, Limburg
Alter Oberhauser Weg 8 – house, Baroquified building with hipped mansard roof, 1937, architect Friedrich Otto, Kirn
Altstadt 1 – former manufacturer's villa for member of the Family Simon; Late Historicist representative building, last fourth of the 19th century, setting important to town building layout
Auf der Schanze, at the graveyard – graveyard gate, sandstone, mid 19th century; grave crosses, cast-iron, after 1871; Peter and Gerhardt tomb, Baroquified columbarium-like Rundbogen niche, about 1900; Böcking tomb, grave cross, cast-iron, about 1862; Andres grave: complex with nine gravestones in wrought-iron enclosure, 19th and 20th centuries; mass grave, with Angel of Death, about 1875; Nonnweiler grave: small Gründerzeit complex with display wall, about 1880/1890; Häfner and Stroh grave: Late Classicist grave columns, about 1882 and 1885; Theodor Simon grave: about 1878 to 1920, antique sandstone aedicula, about 1880/1900; two granite obelisks, about 1878; Sorrowful Mother, about 1920; Child, about 1902
Auf der Schanze, Jewish graveyard (monumental zone) – about 1870 to 1939, area with many tombs (see also below)
Bahnhofstraße 21 – Gründerzeit clinker brick building, Gothic Revival motifs, about 1900
Bahnhofstraße 23 – three-floor Late Classicist house, latter half of the 19th century
Bahnhofstraße 27 – villalike Late Classicist house, mid 19th century
Bahnhofstraße 31 – former Böcking leather factory, long three-floor quarrystone building, two- to three-floor factory building, about 1860 to 1880, expansion into the 20th century
Bahnhofstraße 35 – Late Gründerzeit villa with hip roof, about 1900
Bürgermeister-Tschepke-Straße 18–66 (even numbers) (monumental zone) – housing estate for workers at the Jakob Müller leatherware factory, 1950s; 13 semi-detached bungalows with front gardens, Heimatstil
Dhauner Straße – so-called Weiße Brücke (“White Bridge”); concrete-trough bridge, 1905
Dominikstraße 41 – Dominikschule (school); three-floor plastered building, Renaissance Revival, gymnasium, toilet facility, 1903–1905
Fasanenweg – water cistern; sandstone, about 1900/1910
Gerbergasse 1 – five-floor shophouse, Bauhaus architecture, 1931, architect Otto Deyhle
Gerbergasse 4 – three-floor shophouse, building with mansard roof, clinker brick, about 1890/1900
Gerbergasse 12 – three-floor timber-frame shophouse, partly slated, essentially Baroque, possibly from the 18th century, corner setting important to town building layout
Gerbergasse 13 – former tanning house; partly timber-frame, roof with penthouse-roof aeration zone, latter half of the 19th century
Halmer Weg 10 – Late Gründerzeit villa, partly timber-frame, Art Nouveau motifs, about 1905
Halmer Weg 14 – villa; two- to three-floor building with knee wall, partly timber-frame, about 1900/1905
Halmer Weg 27 – school; two- to three-floor three-wing building, stairway and gymnasium, mixed forms, Heimatschutzarchitektur/1950s, about 1953/54, architect possibly Julius Schneider, Idar-Oberstein or Friedrich Otto, Kirn
Im Hohen Rech 8 – house, about 1900
Jahnstraße 11 – hospital; two- to three-floor Neoclassical building with mansard roof, about 1910
Kallenfelser Straße (no number) – Andres brewery; stately three-floor Late Classicist main building, long works building, quarrystone, further older works buildings
Kallenfelser Straße 1 – former princely winery; two-and-a-half-floor three-wing complex, mansard roof, 1769–1771, architect Johann Thomas Petri (see also below)
Kallenfelser Straße 2 – Villa Andres; Late Historicist plastered building with mezzanine, about 1890/1900
Kasinoweg 3 – Baroque Revival building with mansard roof, partly slated timber framing, 1930, architect Otto, Kirn
Kasinoweg 5 – former casino; Late Classicist villa, 1876
Kirchstraße 3 – former Piarist monastery (town hall); three-floor Late Baroque three-wing complex, 1765–1769, architect Johann Thomas Petri; former rectory and schoolhouse, 1753, floor added in 1768 (see also below)
Kolpingweg 1 – Catholic rectory, Gothic Revival plastered building, about 1900
Linke Hahnenbachstraße 10 – house; Gründerzeit sandstone-block building with knee wall, late 19th century
Linke Hahnenbachstraße 11 – “An der Bach” inn; partly timber-frame, late 16th or early 17th century, in alteration 19th century
Marktplatz – fountain figure, Saint George; bronze, about 1910, sculptor Hugo Cauer, Bad Kreuznach
Marktplatz 4 – “Haus Kölsch”; Baroque house-inn; three-floor timber-frame building, half-hip roof, 17th century
Marktplatz 7 – former summer house; eight-sided Rococo pavilion, 1776, architect Johann Thomas Petri
Marktplatz 4, 5, 6, 7, (8), 9 (monumental zone) – two- to three-floor shophouses, partly timber-frame, from the 16th to 19th centuries, form the marketplace's west side
Nahegasse 2 – shophouse; three-floor Late Gothic building with half-hip roof, partly timber-frame, possibly from the 16th century, altered in the 18th or 19th century
Nahegasse 5 – three-floor shophouse; Baroque timber-frame building, slated, marked 1666
Nahegasse 9 – three-floor shophouse; Baroque timber-frame building, slated, 17th century
Nahegasse 11 – three-floor shophouse; Baroque timber-frame building, slated, essentially from the 17th century (?)
Neue Straße 13 – Evangelical parish hall; building with hip roof with gable risalto, about 1880/1890
Ohlmannstraße 24 – châteaulike Baroquified building with mansard roof, Rococo Revival pavilion, possibly from the 1920s
Steinweg 2 – four-floor Expressionist shophouse, 1922; commercial building
Steinweg 8 – Alte Apotheke (“Old Pharmacy”); rich three-floor timber-frame building, marked 1592
At Steinweg 15 – relief stone of a Late Baroque portal, marked 1769
Steinweg 16 – “Haus Fuchs”; former Salm-Salm government chancellery, 1760–1765, architect Johann Thomas Petri; Late Baroque building with hipped mansard roof, marked destroyed 1798/renewed 1933, architect Friedrich Otto, Kirn (?)
Steinweg 17 – shophouse; three-floor Baroque Revival building with hipped mansard roof, 1920s/1930s, architect Otto, Kirn
Steinweg 25 – “Goldener Löwe”; shophouse, former smithy; Late Baroque solid building, marked 1791
Steinweg 41 – “Haus Benkelberg”; shophouse; three-floor building with hipped mansard roof, Art Nouveau, about 1900/1910
Sulzbacher Straße – former garden enclosure; Art Nouveau, about 1905
Sulzbacher Straße 15 – one-and-a-half-floor three-wing Late Classicist house, about 1880
Teichweg 3 – three-floor corner building formerly belonging to Schloss Amalienlust, about 1780/1790, upper floor 1920s
Teichweg 6/8 – two-and-a-half-floor Late Classicist pair of semi-detached houses, latter half of the 19th century
Teichweg 7 – former Schloss Amalienlust, pavilion; Late Baroque building with hipped mansard roof, about 1780/1790; see also no. 11
Teichweg 11a – house, Late Baroque building with hipped mansard roof, 18th century
Teichweg 11 – former Schloss Amalienlust, pavilion; Late Baroque building with hipped mansard roof, about 1780/1790; see also no. 7
Teichweg 12 – theatre of the former Schloss Amalienlust; Late Baroque-Early Classicist building with hip roof, about 1780/1790
Teichweg 24 – Historicized Art Nouveau building, 1906
Teichweg 26 – house, Heimatstil with Gothic Revival motifs, about 1900/1905
Teichweg 28 – Late Classicist house, latter half of the 19th century
Teichweg 30 – villalike Late Classicist house, latter half of the 19th century
Übergasse 6 – house, building with mansard roof, clinker brick, Renaissance Revival, about 1900
Übergasse 7 – shophouse; Baroque timber-frame building, late 17th century
At Übergasse 8a – armorial stone, at the former Piarist College, “Haus Holinga”, Late Baroque, marked 1770
Übergasse 10 – two shophouses, timber-frame, partly slated, 16th century and about 1800
Übergasse 12 – Late Baroque building with mansard roof, possibly from the latter half of the 18th century
Übergasse 14 – three-floor timber-frame house, partly slated, 17th century
Übergasse 18 – three-floor shophouse with knee wall, about 1800
Übergasse 20 – three-floor shophouse with knee wall, timber-frame, about 1800
Denkmalzone Übergasse 5–9, 10–14, 18, 20, Kirchstraße 1, 2, Sackgasse 2 – mostly continuous two- to three-floor row of buildings from the 16th to 19th centuries, among them mainly timber-frame houses
Wassergasse 3 – timber-frame house, partly solid, about 1800
Wilhelm-Dröscher-Platz 1 – former Amt court; three-floor sandstone building, Renaissance Revival, 1876; sculptural adornment, sculptor Hanna Cauer, Bad Kreuznach; entrance design Friedrich Otto sen.
Wörther Weg 10–14 (monumental zone) – façade made less tight by spire lights, oriel windows and timber-frame sections of five one-and-a-half- to two-and-a-half-floor houses, about 1905
Wörtherweg 13 – Late Gründerzeit house, 1907, building entrepreneur Franz Reuther
Bismarck Column on the Gauskopf, melaphyre-block building, 1901
Castle Kyrburg ruin (monumental zone) – mentioned in 1128, expansion into palatial castle in the 16th century, destroyed in 1734; preserved a Baroque dwelling building, 18th century (about 1764?), ruin of a Renaissance building; slope retaining walls, vaulted cellar, remnants of round towers, former gunpowder tower, marked 1526, Eselsbrunnen (“Ass’s Fountain”) (see also below)
Kallenfels
Castle Steinkallenfels ruin – mentioned in 1158, in 1682/1684 blown up, remnants of the three castles “Stock im Hane”, “Kallenfels” with keep and wall remnants, “Stein” with gate tower, shield and ringwalls, round towers and so on (see also below)
Evangelical church, Burgweg 12 – Gothic Revival quarrystone building, latter half of the 19th century
Eulenweg 1 – former school; one-floor Gründerzeit group of buildings, marked 1895
At Kallenfelser Hof 1 – spolia, armorial stone, possibly from the 16th or 17th century
Kallenfelser Hof 4 – remnant of a round tower
Kirn-Sulzbach
Evangelical Church, Kirner Straße 62 – Baroque aisleless church, essentially from the 18th century
Saint Joseph Calasanz's Catholic Church (Kirche St. Josef Calasanza) – inside Kirner Straße 79, two Baroque stone altars, endowed in 1753, design possibly by Johann Thomas Petri, execution by Johann Philipp Maringer
Kirner Straße, at the graveyard – warriors’ memorial 1914–1918, stele with relief, 1920s, expanded after 1945
Near Kirner Straße 85 – drink kiosk, 1929
More about buildings
Evangelical church
This Gothic Revival hall church, originally consecrated to Saint Pancras, with its Late Gothic quire and Romanesque steeple from the 11th or 12th century was renovated in 1992 and 1993 to give it back its original form and interior design. Inside are found several tombs of Walgraves-Rhinegraves that are worth seeing. Between 1681 and 1892, the church served both Protestants and Catholics as a simultaneous church. During this time, a wall split of the Protestant section of the church from the sanctuary, which was reserved for the Catholics. After the frightful flood of 1875, new building was required at the church. As a result of this, the Catholics thought it best to build themselves their own church on Halmer Weg.
Princely winery
The princely winery building was built about 1771 on Prince Dominik von Salm-Kyrburg's orders. The horseshoe-shaped building, whose front is still adorned with the princely family's coat of arms in its original form, was built by master builder Johann Thomas Petri from Schneppenbach. After the Second World War and until 1990, the building housed a fruit juicing plant. After standing empty for several years, the left wing, along with the main entrance, was converted into a hotel with a restaurant in 2005. The rest of the building is now used as dwellings.
Kyrburg
Kirn's foremost landmark, standing above the town, is the Kyrburg (also written “Kirburg”), a former hill castle, now a ruin. It lies between the Nahe and Hahnenbach valleys high above Kirn. In 1128, the Kyrburg had its first documentary mention in a document from Count Emich de Kirberc. The castle was one of the seats held by the Waldgraves (whose successors were the Emichones). By the late 13th century, the Waldgraves had split into several lines, one of which named itself after the Kyrburg. In 1409, the Rhinegraves took over the holding through marriage. In the Thirty Years' War, after being occupied by the Spaniards, the Swedes and Imperial troops, it fell into French hands in 1681. Eight years later, a replacement of the defensive complexes was undertaken. In 1734, the stronghold was once again under French occupation, and in the course of the War of the Polish Succession, it was blown up. The ruin thereafter served the townsfolk as a stone quarry. In 1764, Prince Johann Dominik had the garrison house built, which nowadays houses the Restaurant Kyrburg, and in the cellar, the well known whisky museum. In 1908, the castle complex past into the ownership of the Princes of Salm-Salm; since 1988, it has been owned by the town of Kirn. As an outdoor stage, the ruin offers a dramatic backdrop for cultural events. In the past, several operas have been staged there (mainly ones by Giuseppe Verdi). It is also a venue for plays, concerts and celebrations.
Steinkallenfels
Steinkallenfels (also written “Stein-Kallenfels”) is yet another hill castle ruin in Kirn, this one in outlying Kallenfels. In 1158, the castle had its first documentary mention. It was originally a fief held by the Lords of Stein, later called the Lords of Steinkallenfels, who died out in 1778. Beginning in the 14th century, it was a jointly held castle. As long ago as 1615, the castle was described as being in a state of disrepair. Eventually, in either 1682 or 1684, it was blown up by the French and has been a ruin ever since. The castle uses the spectacular natural ledge, of which the nearby formation, the Oberhauser Felsen (also called the “Kirner Dolomiten”), is also a part, that lies athwart the Hahnenbach valley. The castle is actually three castle complexes on separate crags. Standing on the lowest crag is a castle that had fallen into disrepair as early as the 16th century, called “Stock im Hane”. It has no appreciable wall remnants. On another crag stands the Kallenfels with a square keep, but there is no access to this site. Highest up sits the castle Stein, which with its neck ditch, gate tower, bastions, shield wall and five-sided keep set back from the side of any expected attack. The three castles were joined together by defensive passages, of which only a few remnants have been preserved. The complex is now under private ownership, and is not reachable to visitors all the way down to the lowest crags. The ruins can, however, be seen quite well from the road.
Town hall
Today's town hall was built in the years from 1752 to 1771. The master builder Johann Thomas Petri built here, once again on Prince Dominik's orders, a Piarist monastery, which was nevertheless used as such for only a few years. The building later served for more than a century as a Progymnasium or a Realschule, before it was obtained by the town administration in 1938. The former monastery chapel now houses the council chamber. Belonging to the complex is a pavilion that originally stood in the extensive garden complex. Today the eight-sided building stands on the Hahnenbach's right bank at the marketplace.
Hellberg
From the country house named “St. Johannisberg” is an outstanding view, dominated as it is by the Hellberg, the biggest stone run north of the Alps. Although it is in an area where stone has long been quarried, it is a natural formation made up of weathered stone. The stones slowly slide down the slope over time. Quarrying is not allowed, as the Hellberg lies within a conservation area.
Synagogue
Beginning in the early 1870s there was a Jewish prayer room in Kirn. Rented for this purpose was a backyard behind the inn “Zur Krone” on Übergasse (a lane), which had once been used as a gymnasium (today a carpark occupies this spot). In 1887, the foundation stone was laid for a synagogue on Amthofstraße, whose architects and building contractors were the Brothers Benkelberg from Kirn. On 24 and 25 February 1888, the synagogue was festively consecrated. The building was conjoined with its neighbours, which all stood in an unbroken row, and its eaves faced the street. The side with the eaves was framed with lesenes between which were found windows, Rundbogen windows in both the outer fields and above these tracery-filled round windows, while in both the inner fields, twinned windows with mullions, also topped with tracery. A report appeared about the consecration in the Kirner Zeitung on 26 February 1888:
“On 24 and 25 February, on the part of the local Jewish religious community, the consecration of its newly built synagogue took place. From near and far, a great number of coreligionists attended to participate in this lovely festival. The consecration unfolded according to a programme. At 3 o’clock in the afternoon in the old synagogue, the farewell service took place amid the removal of the Torah scrolls. Hereupon, the procession made its way to the new synagogue, which was made up of the following: schoolchildren and teachers, music, synagogue choir, the community elders with the Torah scrolls, accompanied by the festival virgins, rabbis and cantors, Mr. Mayor and the synagogue board, the guests of honour, the members of the worship community and a great number of festival participants. Having reached the new synagogue, Rabbi Dr. Goldschmidt held a short but apt speech, whereupon Mr. Michel II’s little daughter, who had borne the key to the new synagogue on a cushion in the festive procession, passed this to the building contractor Mr. Benkelberg. He thereupon handed the key over to the mayor, Mr. Rau, who as representative of the town handed it to the synagogue board, who then delivered it to the rabbi for the purpose of opening the synagogue. After all the festival participants had entered the new temple, the consecration and the festive service took place, at which we cannot fail to express our full approval to Rabbi Dr. Goldschmidt for his exceedingly bold consecration speech. After the conclusion of this celebration came a service and following this at the community hall was a great festive meal, partaking of which were not only festival attenders but also a great number of local citizens. The festive meal proceeded in the nicest way and the Gregorius’sche Musikkapelle (orchestra) contributed much to its beautification. The job of food catering was given to a Jewish restaurateur from Kreuznach, while the drink catering was taken care of by a local innkeeper. Yesterday morning, there was once again a festive service at the synagogue. The concert announced for 4 o’clock yesterday afternoon at the community hall was attended by quite a number and spread with its precise presentation of the individual musical pieces on the part of the Gregorius’sche Musikkapelle a special enjoyment. At the ball set for the evening many participants likewise showed up and, young and old, kept together merrily through the course of the evening until the early morning hours.”
In February 1928, a commemorative service was held for the synagogue's 40th anniversary. Participating at the celebration were the town's dignitaries, led by Mayor Bongartz. On 28 February 1928, the Kirner Zeitung also published a report about this:
“Memorial service at the synagogue on the occasion of the 40-year anniversary of the existence of the place of worship. On 26 February 1888, the Kirner Zeitung reported on the consecration festivities of the newly built synagogue, which ran a pleasant course amid great participation of the whole citizenry. The former Jewish house of worship was housed before 1888 at the former gymnasium, Übergasse (owner Mr. Nonweiler). Of the generation of that time when the house of worship was built, the last, Mr. L. Rothschild died only a short time ago. In the sermon on Saturday the 25th of this month, Cantor Demant, among others, commemorated the time forty years ago, when the building work was carried out at great sacrifice. The donations flowed richly. It was received as an especially fine stroke of noble humanity that even those fellow townsfolk of other beliefs took part in the donations in great measure, thus earning themselves the Jewish community’s thanks for ever. Certainly a sign of the good comity that prevails among the local citizenry, whatever their faith, then and now. Subsequently, after the sermon, a prayer of thanks was offered for salvation, in which all late donors of any belief were included.”
Ten years later, on Kristallnacht (9–10 November 1938), Brownshirt thugs thrust their way into the synagogue and destroyed the whole institution. Pews and Judaica were dragged outside and burnt. On 13 April 1939, the Jewish community was forced to sell the synagogue property for 5,358 ℛℳ. In connection with the restitution proceedings in 1950, a further payment of 4,000 DM was made. That same year, the building was torn down. A cinema was built there instead. A memorial has recalled the fate of the town's Jewish community and its synagogue since 9 November 1988 – the fiftieth anniversary of Kristallnacht. This can be found on Steinweg between Neue Straße and Langgasse. Another memorial plaque dating from earlier – 1978 – can be found at the memorial to the war dead at the graveyard. The synagogue's address was Amthofstraße 2.
Jewish graveyard
A Jewish graveyard in Kirn was being mentioned as of 1555 (cadastral area called “off'm Judenkirchhof”), which presumably meant a graveyard for the mediaeval Jewish community. Its whereabouts are now unknown. In 1870, a new graveyard was laid out. It was expanded in 1915. The graveyard's area is 1 000 m2. Preserved on part 1 are 33 graves, and on part 2, 21. In the 1990s, the graveyard was desecrated several times. It lies on Kallenfelser Straße right next to the municipal (Christian) graveyard. The Jewish graveyard actually comprises the north corner of the municipal graveyard, but lies outside the graveyard wall.
Cultural and leisure institutions
At the community hall (Gesellschaftshaus), which was built in 1879 by the leather company of Carl Simon & Söhne in the Classicist style, concert, cabaret and theatrical events are held the year round by Kulturinitiative Kirn. Twice each year, the hall, big enough for up to 500 people, converts itself into an exhibition hall where, for a fortnight each time, paintings and sculptures, mostly by local artists, are put on display. After intensive conversion work, the family leisure pool “Jahnbad” was opened again in the spring of 2002. Besides the 50 m-long main basin, there is now a leisure basin with a slide, a flow channel and massage couches as well as a wading pool with a little slide. The Kirn town library has been housed since January 2002 at Wilhelm-Dröscher-Haus on the Hahnenbach's left bank. On a floor area of 145 m2, some 5,800 books are available to readers. Thematic specialization involves, besides belles lettres, mainly children's and youth literature.
Tourism
Kirn is a starting point for the Hunsrück Schiefer- und Burgenstraße (“Hunsrück Slate and Castle Road”), the Soonwaldsteig (hiking trail), the Keltenweg Nahe–Mosel (likewise) and the Lützelsoon-Radweg (cycle path), as well as being a stage on the Nahe-Hunsrück-Mosel-Radweg (another cycle path).
Clubs
The following clubs are active in Kirn:
Angelsportverein “Forelle” — angling club
Angelsportverein “Hahnenbachtal” — angling club
Arbeiterwohlfahrt Betreuungsverein — workers’ welfare
Arbeiterwohlfahrt, Ortsverein — workers’ welfare, local chapter
Behindertensportgruppe Kirn e.V. — disabled sports group
Brieftaubenverein 08 146 — carrier pigeon club
Bund der Pfadfinderinnen und Pfadfinder, Stamm Wildgrafen Kirn — scouts’ and guides’ association, Wildgrafen Kirn troop
Bund für Umwelt und Naturschutz, Ortsgruppe Kirn — environmental and conservation association, local chapter
Bundesbahn-Sozialwerk — DB charitable organization
Chorgemeinschaft “Vivace” — choir union
Club der Briefmarkenfreunde — philately club
CVJM, Christlicher Verein Junger Menschen — YMCA
Deutscher Amateur-Radio-Club, Ortsverband Kirn — amateur radio club, local chapter
Deutsches Rotes Kreuz, Ortsverein Kirn-Stadt und Land — German Red Cross, local chapter for the town and the outlying Verbandsgemeinde
Deutsch-Russischer-Chor — German-Russian choir
DLRG Ortsgruppe Kirn e.V. — DLRG, local chapter
Eagle-Kai-Karate Nahe-Hunsrück e.V.
Eisenbahn-Turn- und Sportverein — railway gymnastic and sport club
Evangelische Frauenhilfe — Evangelical women's aid
Evangelische Frauenhilfe Kirn-Sulzbach — Kirn-Sulzbach Evangelical women's aid
Evangelische Stadtmission Kirn e.V. — Evangelical town mission
Evangelischer Jugendtreff “Der Treff” — Evangelical youth meeting place
Evangelischer Jugendtreff “JuCa” — Evangelical youth meeting place
Evangelischer Kirchenchor Kirn — Kirn Evangelical church choir
Evangelischer Kirchenchor Kirn-Sulzbach — Kirn-Sulzbach Evangelical church choir
FCK-Fanclub Naheteufel — 1. FC Kaiserslautern fan club
Fischereisportverein — sport fishing club
Flugsportverein — air sport club
Förderer der Feuerwehr der Stadt Kirn — fire brigade promoters
Förderverein des Gymnasiums Kirn e.V. — Gymnasium promotional association
Förderverein für Jugendarbeit der evangelischen Kirche — promotional association for Evangelical Church youth work
Förderverein Kita Ohlmannstraße — Ohlmannstraße daycare promotional association
Förderverein Realschule plus Kirn — Realschule plus promotional association
Freundeskreis und Förderverein der Hellberg-Grundschule e.V. — Hellberg primary school circle of friends and promotional association
Gewerbeinitiative Kirner Land — commercial initiative association
Gymnastikverein Kirn-Sulzbach — gymnastic club
Handwerksgesellenverein — handicraft club
Hunsrück Schiefer- und Burgenstraße — “Hunsrück Slate and Castle Road”
Hunsrückverein e.V. — local history and geography club
Interessengemeinschaft “Steinweg” — interest group
“Kallenfelser Eulen” — Shrovetide Carnival (Fastnacht) club
Karachi-Gruppe-Kirn — church aid group
Karnevalsgesellschaft “Rappelköpp” — Shrovetide Carnival club
Katholischer Chor der Pfarreiengemeinschaft Kirn — Catholic church choir
Kirn aktiv — advertising association
Kirner Tafel — food bank
Kolpingfamilie — charitable organization
Kolpingfamilie Karneval — Shrovetide Carnival charitable organization
Lions-Club Kirn-Mittlere Nahe
Männergesangverein “Edelweiß” — men's singing club
Männergesangverein “Frohsinn” — men's singing club
Männergesangverein Kallenfels — men's singing club
Mentor-die Leselernhelfer Nahe-Hunsrück e.V. — language tutoring (reading and speaking)
Motorradfreunde Kirn e.V. — motorcycle club
Musikschule KMS e.V. Kirn — music school
Musikverein 1878 — music club
Obst- und Gartenbauverein Kirn-Sulzbach — fruitgrowing and gardening club
Reit-, Fahr- und Zuchtverein — riding club
Schützenverein 1960 Kirn — shooting sport club
Schützenverein Kallenfels — shooting sport club
Siedlergemeinschaft “Über Nahe” — community association
Spielgemeinschaft 09 Borussia DPSG e.V. — team partnership
Sport-Club 1911 Kirn-Sulzbach
Sportfahrerteam “Brunkenstein” — rally racing club
St.-Georg-Pfadfinder Kirn-Sulzbach DPSG — scouting
SV Vatanspor Kirn — sport club
Tanzgruppe “Gingers” des TUS Kirn — dance club
Tennisclub Kirn
terre des hommes
Theatergruppe Kolping — theatrical group
Tierschutzverein Kirn und Umgebung e.V. — animal welfare
Tischtennisclub “Grün-Weiß” — table tennis club
Türkisches und Islamisches Kulturzentrum Kirn und Umgehung e.V. — Turkish and Islamic Cultural Centre
Turn- und Sportgemeinde 1862 — gymnastic and sport association
Turn- und Sportgemeinde 1862 Abteilung Tennis — tennis department of foregoing
Turnverein Kallenfels — gymnastic club
VCP Verein Christlicher Pfadfinder — Christian scouting
VdK-Ortsgruppe — social advocacy group local chapter
Verein der Freunde und Förderer der Dominikschule Kirn e.V. — friends and promoters of the Dominikschule (school)
Verein der Förderer des Kirner Krankenhauses e.V. — hospital promoters
Verein der Hundefreunde — dog lovers’ club
Verein Freunde und Förderer Realschule plus Kirn - Auf Halmen — friends and promoters of the Realschule plus Kirn - Auf Halmen
Verein für Karate und Selbstverteidigung — karate and self-defence club
Verein für Rasenspiele 07 Kirn e.V. — grass sport club
Verschönerungs- und Heimatverein Kirn-Sulzbach — beautification and local history club
Volkshochschule — folk high school
Wanderfreunde Kirn-Sulzbach — hiking club
Economy and infrastructure
Markets
Given its central geographical location, Kirn was always a lively market centre. Still preserved today, alongside the flea markets held on the first Monday of each month, are two prominent markets: the Andreasmarkt – which celebrated its 300th anniversary in 2000 – on the last weekend in November, and the Thomasmarkt on the second Saturday in December. These markets are quite a boon for Kirn in that they always draw many visitors from the surrounding region. At the Handwerker- und Bauernmarkt (“Craftsmen’s and Farmers’ Market”) in October, small businesses from the Kirn area present their handmade wares and offer them for sale. There is also a Wochenmarkt (weekly market – which despite this name is held twice weekly) on Wednesdays and Saturdays.
Established businesses
Kirn once earned itself countrywide fame as the “Town of Leather”. Most of the tanneries and leather-finishing plants of yore are now long gone, and all that remains of them in town is their head offices. Because such a great deal of the production has been shifted to countries where wages are low, very few people are now employed in the leather industry in Kirn itself. World-famous among what little is left of the industry are the Müller & Meirer Lederwarenfabrik GmbH (locally known as “Müller Hein” and its products marketed under the name Maître) and the Braun GmbH & Co. KG (local name and marketing brand: Braun Büffel). Throughout Rhineland-Palatinate, the town is also well known for its local brewery and the beer that it brews, Kirner Pils. Kirn's biggest employer is SIMONA AG, a worldwide-active manufacturer and distributor of thermoplastic semi-finished products, which originally grew out of the leatherware field. Further important branches of the economy are woodworking, plant construction, the hard-rock industry, packaging and automotive supply. Many small and midsize craft and retail businesses are also represented in town. Over the last few years, tourism, too, has been growing in importance.
Education
For a town of its size, Kirn has a rather comprehensive offering of educational institutions. Besides five daycare centres and two primary schools, there is the municipal Hauptschule, which as of 1 August 2011 became a Realschule plus. Also available are a Gymnasium (Gymnasium Kirn), a Realschule and the Wilhelm-Dröscher-Schule for pupils with special needs. The vocational schools of the Bad Kreuznach district are represented in Kirn in the fields of mechanics, commerce and industry, home economics, economics and administration. The programmes offered by the folk high school and the music school round out Kirn's educational offerings.
Medicine
Medical services are supplied by the hospital run by the kreuznacher diakonie (always written with lowercase initials), many general and specialized healthcare professionals who have located in town and five pharmacies. For seniors, the town has two homes for the elderly, both under church sponsorship.
Transport
Kirn is linked by Bundesstraße 41 to Saarbrücken and Mainz. Leading across the Hunsrück to the Moselle is Landesstraße 184. One can board a train at Kirn on the Nahe Valley Railway (Bingen–Saarbrücken). The travel time on the hourly Regionalexpress trains to Saarbrücken is 1 hour and 10 minutes, while Mainz can be reached in just under an hour. Every other train to and from Frankfurt also runs through to Frankfurt Airport. Frankfurt-Hahn Airport lies some 30 km away from Kirn and can be reached from the town by car in just under a half hour.
Media
Appearing in Kirn are two local editions of regional daily newspapers: the Kirner Zeitung (Rhein-Zeitung, Koblenz) and the Allgemeine Zeitung (Kirn edition) (Verlagsgruppe Rhein Main, Mainz).
Famous people
Sons and daughters of the town
Bernhard Stroh (1822–1882), founder of the once third biggest brewery in the United States (Stroh Brewery Company in Detroit)
Friedrich Niebergall (1866–1932), Evangelical theologian
Karl Andres (1876–1935), landowner, winegrowing lobbyist and politician (NLP)
Fritz Oswald Bilse (1878–1951), Prussian officer and writer
Julius Zerfaß (1886–1956), journalist and writer
Wilhelm Dröscher (1920–1977), politician (SPD), Member of the Bundestag (MdB), Member of the Rhineland-Palatinate Landtag (MdL), beginning in 1975 SPD federal treasurer
Werner Schoop (1924–2011), angiologist, textbook author and recipient of the Order of Merit of the Federal Republic of Germany
Karl-Georg Faber (1925–1982), historian
Volker Bierbrauer (1940–), prehistorian and mediaeval archaeologist
Frank Farian (1941–; né Franz Reuther), music producer (Milli Vanilli, Boney M.)
Peter Wilhelm Dröscher (1946–), politician (SPD), MdL (Rhineland-Palatinate)
Gerhard Wöllstein (1963–), pianist
Fabian Schönheim (1987–), footballer
Famous people associated with the town
Bernhard Weil (1868–1940), schoolteacher and synagogue cantor in Kirn, deported to Gurs internment camp, died at Noé concentration camp, born in Eichstetten
Berno Wischmann (1910–2001), athlete, college teacher and official in the Deutscher Leichtathletik-Verband, born in Tondern, Prussia (now Tønder, Denmark)
Frank Farian born Franz Reuther on 18.07.41.Record producer of Boney M,Gilla & Milli Vanilli.
Schinderhannes
Like many places in the region, Kirn can claim to have had its dealings with the notorious outlaw Schinderhannes (or Johannes Bückler, to use his true name). He often found himself in Kirn and the surrounding area. In 1796, he and his accomplices went about stealing mutton several times around Kirn, which they sold to a butcher in town. For other misdeeds, he was punished with 25 strokes of the cane at the marketplace. On 10 December 1796 he was caught and locked up in the dungeon at Kirn town hall, only to escape that very night by way of the roof. On 22 December 1797 he amused himself at the Kirn Christkindchen-Markt (“Christ Child Market”) and shortly thereafter committed his first murder in Hundheim.
Further reading
Bernd Brinken, Gerd Danco: Kirn, Weidlich, Frankfurt 1983 (3. Aufl.).
Ulrich Hauth: Die Stadt Kirn und ihr Umland, erschienen in der Reihe: Heimatkundliche Schriftenreihe des Landkreises Bad Kreuznach. Bd. 34, 2006
Becker, Kurt (Hrsg.): Heimatchronik des Kreises Kreuznach, Köln 1966
References
External links
Town’s official webpage
Die alte Stadt des Leders (“The Old Town of Leather”)
History of the town of Kirn (PDF) (22 kB)
SWR Mediathek - Straßen und Plätze: Kirn (streets and squares)
History of the Kyrburg
Steinkallenfels reconstruction drawing by Wolfgang Braun
Bad Kreuznach (district)
Naheland
Holocaust locations in Germany | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirn |
Thomas Orville Seaver (December 23, 1833 – July 11, 1912) rose to the rank of colonel in the U.S. Army during the American Civil War and received the Medal of Honor, America's highest military decoration, for his actions at the Battle of Spotsylvania Court House. After the war Seaver was admitted to the Vermont bar and practiced law, serving as a judge for many years, until his death.
Biography
Seaver was born in Cavendish, Vermont, but after his first year of school his parents moved to Pomfret seeking better educational opportunities for their son. He ultimately attended Green Mountain Academy in South Woodstock, graduating in 1855. He matriculated at Tufts University later that year, where he was admitted to the Zeta Psi fraternity, but left Tufts in 1856 to attend Norwich University, a Vermont military academy. He left Norwich without a degree in 1858, completing his studies at Union College and receiving a B.A. in 1859. On June 30, 1861, he wed Nancy Taylor Johnson Spaulding.
On the outbreak of the Civil War, Seaver mustered on July 16, 1861, in Newbury, where he was given command of a company in the 3rd Vermont Infantry as a captain, serving until July 1864. He eventually commanded the regiment, and was promoted to major on August 13, 1861; to lieutenant colonel on September 17, 1862; and to full colonel on January 13, 1863. He served in the Battles at Antietam and Gettysburg, among many others. he was mustered out of the service on May 10, 1864.
After the Confederate St. Albans Raid in October 1864, Vermont's state government reorganized its militia and deployed it to defend against future incursions from Canada. The 1st Division was created, with William Y. W. Ripley in command as a major general; his subordinate brigade commanders, with the rank of brigadier general, included: John L. Barstow (1st Brigade); William W. Grout (2nd Brigade); and Seaver (3rd Brigade).
After the war, Seaver settled in Cavendish once more and began work as an attorney, serving at different times as a public defender and state's attorney; he also held other posts, including state railroad commissioner, county jail commissioner, and town selectman. He was made a judge of the probate court in 1886. He received the Medal of Honor on April 8, 1892, for valor in the Battle of Spotsylvania.
In 1897, Seaver was shot by the party in a divorce case who was upset that he had not received custody of his daughter; the protracted case included the father being found guilty of kidnapping. After being served with a restraining order preventing him from interfering with a temporary guardian's custody of the girl, the father approached Seaver and demanded her return. When Seaver ordered him from the Seaver home, the father shot him. One bullet pierced Seaver's coat sleeve; the other went through his right lung and lodged in his back. He was hospitalized for an extended period, but recovered. The father was convicted of attempted murder in February 1898.
In 1910, Norwich University conferred the honorary degree of Master of Arts on Seaver in recognition of his accomplishments as a soldier and a judge.
He died in Woodstock in 1912 from a heart attack and was buried at River Street Cemetery in Windsor County, Vermont. He was survived by his wife Nancy and two children, a girl and a boy (two daughters had predeceased him).
Medal of Honor citation
Rank and Organization:
Colonel, 3d Vermont Infantry. Place and date: At Spotsylvania Courthouse, Va., May 10, 1864. Entered service at: Pomfret, Vt. Born: December 23, 1833, Cavendish, Vt. Date of issue: April 8, 1892.
Citation:
At the head of 3 regiments and under a most galling fire attacked and occupied the enemy's works.
See also
List of Medal of Honor recipients
List of American Civil War Medal of Honor recipients: Q–S
Notes
References
Union Army officers
1833 births
1912 deaths
Norwich University alumni
United States Army Medal of Honor recipients
People of Vermont in the American Civil War
Vermont Brigade
People from Pomfret, Vermont
People from Woodstock, Vermont
People from Cavendish, Vermont
American Civil War recipients of the Medal of Honor
Vermont lawyers
State's attorneys in Vermont
Burials in Vermont
19th-century American lawyers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Thomas%20O.%20Seaver |
Alan William Sealey (born Hampton, London, UK, 24 February 1942 – died February 1996) was an English footballer. Sealey, an outside right, initially played for Leyton Orient in 1960, before moving to West Ham United, in a player exchange for Dave Dunmore, where he played from 1961 to 1967.
Sealey celebrated getting married in May 1965 just one week before he would go on to score both goals in West Ham's 2–0 win against TSV 1860 Munich in the 1965 European Cup Winners' Cup final at Wembley Stadium. He had previously scored just three goals for the east London club that season.
Sealey's top flight career virtually ended within a year of this. He was playing cricket with teammates during a rest in pre-season training, and broke his leg while falling over a wooden bench. He ended his league career playing for Plymouth Argyle in 1967, but continued playing with non-league sides Bedford Town, Romford and Ashford Town.
His family maintained its close connection to West Ham United, with his nephew, Les, and grand-nephews signing for the team between 1994 and 2001. Sealey died suddenly at his home in Collier Row, Romford in February 1996 from a heart attack, aged 53, just over five years before the same condition would claim the life of his nephew, Les at age 43. The older Sealey was survived by his wife Barbara and his son Anthony.
Honours
West Ham United
FA Cup: 1963–64
European Cup Winners' Cup: 1964–65
References
External links
Plymouth Argyle career details
The European Cup Winners Cup at The National Football Museum
1942 births
1996 deaths
English men's footballers
Men's association football wingers
Leyton Orient F.C. players
Plymouth Argyle F.C. players
West Ham United F.C. players
People from Hampton, London
Footballers from the London Borough of Richmond upon Thames
English Football League players
Bedford Town F.C. players
Romford F.C. players
Ashford United F.C. players | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alan%20Sealey |
Dick Greco Plaza is a HARTline transit center located in the southern end of downtown Tampa across from the Marriott Waterside and the Tampa Convention Center. It was the former terminal station for the TECO Line Streetcar until the opening of the Whiting street station. It still serves as the terminating point for the In-Town Trolley routes. The station opened on January 30, 2003, and cost $3 million to build.
The station was officially dedicated on May 29, 2008, in honor of Dick A. Greco, a former mayor who was instrumental in bringing streetcars back to Tampa after an almost 60-year absence. A statue of Greco sitting on a bench was added just outside.
See also
Light rail in the United States
List of streetcar systems in the United States
Streetcars in North America
Transportation in Florida
References
External links
Official page
Railway stations in the United States opened in 2003
TECO Line Streetcar System stations
2003 establishments in Florida | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dick%20Greco%20Plaza |
A bracket turn is a kind of one-foot turn in figure skating.
The transition between edges during the turn is the same as for a three turn—for example, forward inside edge to back outside edge—but unlike a three turn, in which the cusp of the turn points into the curve of the arc on which it is skated, a bracket turn is counterrotated so that the cusp points outward. The tracing of the turn on the ice resembles a curly bracket "}".
Brackets are considered advanced turns in figure skating and commonly appear only in step sequences instead of as a simple means of changing direction. They were also part of the compulsory figures, which skaters were required to perform in every routine until they were abolished in 1990.
Figure skating elements | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bracket%20turn |
UTC+04:51 is an identifier for a time offset from UTC of +04:51.
History
This was used as Bombay time until 1955 when it closed the gap of 39 minutes behind Indian Standard Time (UTC+05:30).
References
UTC offsets
Time in India | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/UTC%2B04%3A51 |
Ukraine competed at the 1998 Winter Olympics in Nagano, Japan.
Medalists
Sports/disciplines and athletes
Ukraine was represented in 10 out of 14 disciplines. Despite the increase in number of disciplines, Ukraine stayed with those that it competed previously and increased number of its athletes.
Alpine skiing (2; 1 male, 1 female)
Biathlon (10; 4 males, 6 females)
Bobsleigh (2; 2 males, 0 females)
Cross-country skiing (10; 5 males, 5 females)
Figure skating (10; 5 males, 5 females)
Freestyle skiing (7; 3 males, 4 females)
Luge (6; 4 males, 2 females)
Ski jumping (3; 3 males, 0 females)
Speed skating (4; 2 males, 2 females)
Speed skating, short track (2; 1 male, 1 female)
Alpine skiing
Men's combined
Women
Women's combined
Biathlon
Men
Men's 4 × 7.5 km relay
Women
Women's 4 × 7.5 km relay
1 A penalty loop of 150 metres had to be skied per missed target.
2 One minute added per missed target.
Bobsleigh
Cross-country skiing
Men
1 Starting delay based on 10 km results.
C = Classical style, F = Freestyle
Men's 4 × 10 km relay
Women
2 Starting delay based on 5 km results.
C = Classical style, F = Freestyle
Women's 4 × 5 km relay
Figure skating
Men
Women
Pairs
Ice Dancing
Freestyle skiing
Men
Women
Luge
(Men's) Doubles
Women
Short track speed skating
Men
Women
Ski jumping
Speed skating
Men
Women
References
Official Olympic Reports
International Olympic Committee results database
Olympic Winter Games 1998, full results by sports-reference.com
Nations at the 1998 Winter Olympics
1998
Winter Olympics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ukraine%20at%20the%201998%20Winter%20Olympics |
Kirn-Land is a former Verbandsgemeinde ("collective municipality") in the district of Bad Kreuznach, in Rhineland-Palatinate, Germany. It was located around the town Kirn, which was the seat of Kirn-Land, but not part of the Verbandsgemeinde. On 1 January 2020 it was merged into the new Verbandsgemeinde Kirner Land.
Kirn-Land consists of the following Ortsgemeinden ("local municipalities"):
Former Verbandsgemeinden in Rhineland-Palatinate | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirn-Land |
Ruth Simpson (March 15, 1926 – May 8, 2008) was the founder of the United States' first lesbian community center, an author, and former president of Daughters of Bilitis, New York.
Her book, From the Closet to the Courts was published in 1977 and republished in 2007. She also produced the weekly hour-long program "Minority Report" in Woodstock, New York from 1982 until her death in 2008.
Her work
As president of the New York chapter of Daughters of Bilitis (DOB), Simpson organized gay rights demonstrations and educational programs for DOB members during the period 1969–71. Several times when NYC police, without warrants, illegally entered DOB's lesbian center in lower Manhattan, Simpson stood between the police and the DOB women. On three occasions she was cited for court appearances by the police. She was also arrested at a Women Against Richard Nixon (WARN) rally, along with Ellen Povill, Ti-Grace Atkinson and Flo Kennedy, and spent most of a day in jail until the women's attorney gained their release.
In Ruth Simpson's 1976 pioneering work From the Closet to the Courts she documented her history in the early days of the gay movement and the actions taken to achieve justice, civil rights and equal treatment under the law for the large, diverse LGBT population.
Ruth produced a weekly, hour-long television program, "Minority Report", in Woodstock, New York. She served as the board president of the Woodstock Public Library from 1982 to 2001 and continued as an Officer until her death. Ruth has had her poetry published in literary magazines, and she has given a number of talks on college campuses in the Hudson Valley area.
Biography
Early years
Ruth Simpson—born and raised in Cleveland, Ohio—was the daughter of Ethel and Edward Simpson, pioneers in the labor movement. In the mid-1930s through the early 1940s Ruth's parents organized a UAW, AFL-CIO Union (Local 88) and with only $14 in the treasury, called a strike against the Willard Storage Battery Company, the first factory to be struck because of health hazards in the workplace. The strike was successful and the company was compelled to install ventilation devices over lead burning and lead grinding stations where workers had suffered, and some died, from lead poisoning.
Ethel Simpson had researched the symptoms of Local 88 workers at the Cleveland Public Library while her daughter chose books for the week. It was Ethel Simpson's research that established it was indeed lead poisoning—a little-known disease at the time—that caused the workers' illness. The company doctor had for years diagnosed symptoms as "flu" and, when workers became partially paralyzed, as "dropsy" in order that the Willard Company could avoid paying Workmen's Compensation.
One summer day in 1938, a sympathy strike was called by the workers in Cleveland plants that surrounded Fisher Body's factory, and the families of union members came out to join Fisher Body workers' picket line (the union was having problems attaining collective bargaining rights). Ruth Simpson, 12 years old at the time, says that was the day she learned about the dangers activists faced. Police, both mounted and foot patrol, attacked the peaceful picketers with nightsticks and tear gas. Ruth saw her father, as he raced to help a man with a bloody head, chased by two police. One of them threw a tear gas bomb that hit the heel of her father's shoe, and he went up in a cloud of toxic smoke. Another cop chased Ruth and her mother up a driveway that had a high wall blocking any exit. They, too, learned the smell and pain of tear gas. Ruth says she vividly remembers the sound of wood on bone as heads were beaten and, more importantly, the deep pride for her parents and for the labor movement.
In her early years, Ruth Simpson learned organizational skills, as well as the importance of activism against injustice, from the legacy left by her parents.
Later years
Ruth and her partner of 37 years, Ellen Povill, met at DOB and bought their home in Woodstock in 1976. They immediately became active in their new community—Ellen as a videographer documenting local cultural events and programming them on public-access television cable TV. Ruth helped organize Woodstock's first gay group and launched a human rights ordinance drive in the town. After collecting and handing hundreds of signed petitions to town officials, Ruth was told that the town board had decided there would be a public debate in town hall between Ruth and the town's fire-breathing fundamentalist preacher, on Valentine's Day. Ruth reported that the townspeople thought she won the debate hands down. But the town board ultimately decided that Woodstock was already liberal and as such did not need such an ordinance.
Ruth became a library trustee and was asked to teach Woodstock's seniors' writing workshop about two years after she and Ellen arrived in Woodstock. Ellen is still documenting area events for local access and donating tapes to the Library's archives.
Death
Ruth Simpson died on May 8, 2008.
References
Bibliography
Ruth Simpson, From the Closet to the Courts (Washington, DC: Take Root Media, 2007)
Kay Tobin, The Gay Crusaders (New York: Paperback Library, 1972)
1926 births
2008 deaths
Activists from Ohio
American feminists
Daughters of Bilitis members
Feminist artists
Lesbian feminists
American lesbian writers
LGBT people from Ohio
American LGBT rights activists
Writers from Cleveland
20th-century American LGBT people
21st-century American women writers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ruth%20Simpson%20%28activist%29 |
John Francis Xavier Knasas (born 1948) is an American philosopher. He is a leading existential Thomist in the Neo-Thomist movement, best known for engaging such thinkers as Bernard Lonergan, Alasdair MacIntyre and Jeremy Wilkins in disputes over human cognition to affirm a Thomistic epistemology of direct realism and defending the thought of Jacques Maritain, Étienne Gilson and Fr. Joseph Owens. He holds the Bishop Wendelin J. Nold Endowed Chair as Professor of Philosophy at the Center for Thomistic Studies at the University of St. Thomas in Houston and earned his doctorate at the University of Toronto, under the direction of Fr. Joseph Owens.
Bibliography
Books
Jacques Maritain: The Man and His Metaphysics [1989]
The Preface to Thomistic Metaphysics [1991]
Thomistic Paper VI (Editor) [1994]
Being and Some Twentieth Century Thomists [2003]
Aquinas and the Cry of Rachel: Thomistic Reflections on the Problem of Evil (Washington DC: Catholic University of America Press, 2013).
Critical studies and reviews of Knasas' work
Thomistic existentialism and cosmological reasoning
Notes
External links
Official Page
Interview with Knasas on Thomism
Article by Knasas on the Thomistic revival
Catholic philosophers
20th-century American philosophers
21st-century American philosophers
Living people
1948 births
Lonergan scholars
Thomists
Epistemologists
Philosophers of religion
Metaphysicians | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20F.%20X.%20Knasas |
Luke Clausen of the Spokane Valley is a professional fisherman. Clausen won the 36th Bassmaster Classic held on Lake Tohopekaliga in central Florida, from February 23–26, 2006.
References
American fishers
Living people
People from Spokane Valley, Washington
Sportspeople from Spokane County, Washington
Year of birth missing (living people)
21st-century American people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Luke%20Clausen |
John Tallis (7 November 1817 – 3 June 1876) was an English cartographic publisher.<ref name="Boase">Boase, F., Modern English biography, 6 vols, 1892-1921</ref> His company, John Tallis & Company, published views, maps and atlases in London from roughly 1838 to 1851.
Tallis set up as a publisher with Frederick Tallis in Cripplegate in 1842; the business moved to Smithfield in 1846, and was dissolved in 1849. From 1851 to 1854 Tallis operated as John Tallis & Company. He started the Illustrated News of the World'' which issued engraved portraits as supplements in a series entitled ‘National Portrait Gallery of eminent personages' in 1858, selling it for £1,370 in 1861; it folded in 1863. The series was subsequently republished in a number of separate volumes.
He lived in New Cross, South East London. His house on New Cross Road is listed as a Building of Special Architectural or Historic Interest, grade II. It has a blue plaque on the wall to signal the event.
References
1817 births
1876 deaths
Publishers (people) from London
English cartographers
19th-century British newspaper publishers (people)
19th-century English businesspeople | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/John%20Tallis |
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