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Lawson Tama Stadium is a multi-purpose stadium in Honiara, Solomon Islands. It is currently used mostly for football matches. The stadium is unique as the stand is built into the hillside so there is no official capacity but no more than 20,000 would fit the surrounding grassland. The stadium hosted the 2012 OFC Nations Cup and inaugural Mini South Pacific Games in July 1981. The stadium will be replaced by the Pacific Games Stadium, which will have a capacity of 10,000, in 2023.
History
Following the establishment of the British Solomon Islands Amateur Sports Association following a meeting in August 1961, the government allocated an area near the town's hospital. The ground was initially known as the Town Sports Ground, and preparation work was completed in early 1964. In 1965 plans were made to build a pavilion and other facilities.
As Honiara expanded, the ground became more central. It was suggested that the ground should be renamed, with the "Hospital Ground" being one suggestion. Eventually it was named after Eric Lawson, who was heavily involved in helping to establish it.
References
External links
Soccerway Profile
Football venues in the Solomon Islands
Athletics (track and field) venues in the Solomon Islands
Buildings and structures in Honiara
Multi-purpose stadiums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lawson%20Tama%20Stadium |
A passive speaker (also referred to as a receptive bilingual or passive bilingual) is a category of speaker who has had enough exposure to a language in childhood to have a native-like comprehension of it, but has little or no active command of it. Passive fluency is often brought about by being raised in one language (which becomes the person's passive language) and being schooled in another language (which becomes the person's native language).
Such speakers are especially common in language shift communities where speakers of a declining language do not acquire active competence. For example, around 10% of the Ainu people who speak the language are considered passive speakers. Passive speakers are often targeted in language revival efforts to increase the number of speakers of a language quickly, as they are likely to gain active and near-native speaking skills more quickly than those with no knowledge of the language. They are also found in areas where people grow up hearing another language outside their family with no formal education.
Language attitudes
A more common term for the phenomenon is 'passive bilingualism'. Grosjean argues that there has been a monolingual bias regarding who is considered a 'bilingual' in which people who do not have equal competence in all their languages are judged as not speaking properly. 'Balanced bilinguals' are, in fact, very rare. One's fluency as a bilingual in a language is domain-specific: it depends on what each language is used for. That means that speakers may not admit to their fluency in their passive language although there are social (extralinguistic) factors that underlie their different competencies.
See also
Heritage speaker
Home language
Language acquisition
Mantinc el català
Multilingualism
Speech repetition
Literary Arabic
References
Bilingualism
Language acquisition
Multilingualism | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Passive%20speaker%20%28language%29 |
Bermuda National Sports Centre is a multi-purpose sports complex in Devonshire Parish, Bermuda, just to the east of the capital, Hamilton. The stadium was built on what was once a field used as a parade and sporting ground within Prospect Camp. The track had experienced Usain Bolt's performance in the 2004 CARIFTA Games, where he broke the World Junior Record with a time of 19.93 seconds.
Football
The main stadium is currently used mostly for football matches. The stadium holds 8,500. The stadium was used by the Bermuda Hogges of the United Soccer Leagues Second Division.
Cricket
Located just north of the National Stadium is a cricket ground of the same name which is used by the Bermuda cricket team. The first recorded cricket match on the ground came in 1955 when E. W. Swanton's XI played Bermuda. It held its first first-class match when the New Zealanders played Bermuda as part of their tour of the West Indies. The match, which marked Bermuda's debut in first-class cricket, ended in a victory for the New Zealanders by an innings and 31 runs. Thirty-two years later the ground held its next first-class match, involving Bermuda and the United States in the 2004 Intercontinental Cup. Four further first-class matches have been held on the ground, the last of which saw Bermuda play the United Arab Emirates in the 2009-10 ICC Intercontinental Shield.
The ground hosted its first List A match in 2009, when Bermuda played Uganda in a three match series. Two further List A matches were played in a two match series against the United Arab Emirates in 2010. The series against the United Arab Emirates also saw two Twenty20 matches played there. With Bermuda's relegation from 2011 World Cricket League Division Two, the return of senior cricket to the ground is for the foreseeable future some way off. The pitch at the ground often cited controversy due to its poor quality, meaning when Bermuda had One Day International status they were the only Associate with that status which did not have an ODI accredited ground.
In August 2019, the venue was selected as one of the two grounds to host matches in the Regional Finals of the 2018–19 ICC T20 World Cup Americas Qualifier tournament. However, mid-way through the tournament, the pitch was deemed to be unsuitable, and the matches scheduled to be played at the stadium were moved to White Hill Field.
The Bermuda National Stadium hosted matches in the Americas Qualifier regional finals of the 2024 ICC Men's T20 World Cup
References
Football venues in Bermuda
Cricket grounds in Bermuda
Athletics (track and field) venues in Bermuda
National stadiums
Multi-purpose stadiums
Bermuda Hogges F.C.
Devonshire Parish | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bermuda%20National%20Stadium |
The Beloyarsk Nuclear Power Station (NPS; []) was the third of the Soviet Union's nuclear plants. It is situated by Zarechny in Sverdlovsk Oblast, Russia. Zarechny township was created to service the station, which is named after the Beloyarsky District. The closest city is Yekaterinburg.
Early reactors
Two earlier reactors were constructed at Beloyarsk: an AMB-100 reactor (operational 1964–1983) and an AMB-200 reactor (operational 1967–1989).
Both were supercritical water reactors; the first unit used 67 tons of uranium enriched to 1.8%, while the second unit used 50 tons of uranium enriched to 3.0%. The first unit had an indirect steam cycle, while the second had a direct one.
Although they were comparable in power to the Shippingport Atomic Power Station, the Soviet planners regarded the Beloyarsk reactors as prototypes. Their main novelty was the use of superheated steam ran through a standard turbine thus resulting in a better efficiency compared to the earlier Obninsk Nuclear Power Plant pilot plant. The first Beloyarsk unit produced about 285 MW heat of which about 100 MW were converted to electricity. The second unit, which used two turbines, had a similar conversion efficiency of about 36%.
Later reactors
Two reactors are now in operation: a BN-600 fast breeder reactor, generating 600 MWe gross and a BN-800 fast breeder reactor, generating 885 MWe gross. The BN-800 is the largest fast neutron power reactor in service in the world. Three turbines are connected to the BN-600 reactor. The BN-600 reactor core is tall and has a diameter of . It has 369 fuel assemblies, each consisting of 127 fuel rods with an enrichment of 17–26% 235U. In comparison, typical enrichment in other Russian reactors is in the range of 3–4% 235U. BN-600 reactors use liquid sodium as a coolant. The station lacks a containment building.
Construction started on the larger BN-800 fast breeder reactor in 1987. Protests halted progress in 1988, but work resumed in 1992 following an order by President Boris Yeltsin. Financial difficulties resulted in slow progress. Construction costs have been estimated at 1 trillion rubles and the new reactor was expected to be finished in 2012–2015. The BN-600 was originally planned to be decommissioned in 2010 but its lifetime was expected to be extended to cover the gap; it has been operating since 1980.
On 27 June 2014, controlled nuclear fission started in the BN-800 fast breeder reactor. The newest reactor helps to close the nuclear fuel cycle and to achieve a fuel cycle without or with less nuclear waste. Russia was, at the date, the only country that operates fast neutron reactors for energy production. However issues detected during low power operation required further fuel development work. On 31 July 2015, the unit again achieved minimum controlled power again, at 0.13% of rated power. Commercial operations are expected to start before the end of 2016, now with a power rating of 789 MWe. In December 2015, Unit 4 was connected to the national grid.
See also
Nuclear power in Russia
References
Further reading
For the design of the first two reactors.
External links
Beloyarsk NPP, INSP programme
Beloyarskaya NPP, official site
Beloyarskaya NPP, manufacturer information
Nuclear power stations built in the Soviet Union
Nuclear power stations in Russia
Nuclear power stations with proposed reactors
1964 establishments in Russia
Energy infrastructure completed in 1964 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Beloyarsk%20Nuclear%20Power%20Station |
Nuuk Stadium is a multi-purpose venue in Nuuk, Greenland. It is currently used mostly for football matches. It has a capacity for 2,000.
FIFA 2-star artificial turf was installed on the pitch in July 2016. The 2-star rating is the highest achievable rating for an artificial surface and is suitable for all UEFA competitions.
Venue
It can also be used as an entertainment venue. On November 2, 2007, Scottish rock band Nazareth, of "Love Hurts" fame, performed at the venue, and on April 1, 2011, the venue was visited by Suzi Quatro.
See also
Arktisk Stadion
References
External links
Football venues in Greenland
Greenland
Multi-purpose stadiums in Greenland
Buildings and structures in Nuuk
Sport in Nuuk
Greenland national football team | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuuk%20Stadium |
Stade Georges-Chaumet (former name: Stade de Baduel) is a multi-use stadium in Cayenne, French Guiana. It is currently used mostly for football of the French Guiana national football team matches.
The stadium has a capacity of 7,000 places; it has natural turf and a synthetic 400m track. The central area of the stadium, named "la caquette", was renovated in 2012.
The stadium is also used for cultural events such as le Kayenn jazz festival.
In 2014, the stadium was renamed to Stade Georges-Chaumet.
References
External links
Football venues in French Guiana
Athletics (track and field) venues in French Guiana
Buildings and structures in Cayenne | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stade%20Georges-Chaumet |
A horse show ringmaster, sometimes also called a ring steward, is an individual who works in the center of an arena at a horse show and carries out many duties to assist the judge and other officials. Unlike a Horse show steward or the judge, the ringmaster is not a licensed official of the show. At the biggest shows, the ringmaster may be a paid employee of the show, but at smaller shows is apt to be a volunteer.
In a few competitions, usually national championships or other shows of national importance, the ringmaster may be colorfully attired in a manner similar to the ringmaster of a circus or the bugler at a horse race. In such cases, this official wears a top hat (or hunting cap for hunting and jumping classes), white jodhpurs, and scarlet ("pink") guard coat. More commonly, at ordinary horse shows, the ringmaster will simply wear neat clothing and comfortable shoes, similar to the attire of the judge.
Rarer still, is the practice of having the ringmaster summon each class of exhibitors and horses, usually by blowing a trumpet, fox horn, or carriage or coach horn. More commonly, the show announcer simply performs the task, simply calling each class by number and title over the public address system.
The duties and responsibilities of a ringmaster of a horse show varies by discipline and geographical region. These can include:
summoning the class;
keeping the show running smoothly and listening to the judge. The ringmaster does not help to judge the class in any way;
policing the ring by being alert to safety issues and watching the horses, riders or drivers;
passing communications from the judge to the announcer to call for specific gaits in a class, for the line up, etc.;
transmitting the judges' cards to the scorers or the announcer;
acting as a scribe (trail or reining usually);
restraining an unruly horse (they should be physically able horsemen), helping a rider or driver that is in trouble, etc.;
serving as a timer when a shoe has been thrown during a class and a specified time is allowed to find and have the farrier replace the shoe;
working with ring crew for each class set up;
pinning ribbons or distributing ribbons to winners;
supporting the steward(s) in identifying questionable equipment and attire.
In Tennessee, the ringmaster has a legal duty under cruelty to animals statutes to disqualify and report to authorities certain animal abuses.
Some notable individuals who have served long careers as ringmasters in the United States include Dutch White, Honey Craven, Vincent , and Paul Copanas.
References
Horse-related professions and professionals | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ringmaster%20%28horse%20show%29 |
Collect 'Em All is the third studio album by Californian punk rock band, Tilt. It was released in March 1998 on Fat Wreck Chords.
Track listing
All lyrics written by Cinder Block
"Hero Marauder" – 1:47
"Palm Tree (In West Oakland)" – 1:51
"Partial Birth" – 2:26
"Old Skool Pig" – 1:24
"Storm Center" – 1:24
"Gun Play" – 1:48
"Sterile Heaven" – 1:58
"Dear Wife" – 3:25
"Goddess of the Moon" – 2:29
"Collect 'Em All" – 1:52
"Tundra" – 1:49
"Dental Wreck" – 1:30
"Clothes Horse" – 1:42
"Minister of Culture" – 1:47
"Molly Coddled" – 1:59
Credits
Cinder Block – vocals
Jeffrey Bischoff – guitar
Jimi Cheetah – bass
Vincent Camacho – drums
Recorded in November 1997 at Motor Studios, San Francisco, California, US
Produced by Ryan Greene and Tilt
Engineered by Ryan Greene
References
External links
Fat Wreck Chords album page
1998 albums
Tilt (band) albums
Fat Wreck Chords albums
Albums produced by Ryan Greene | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Collect%20%27Em%20All |
André Kamperveen Stadium, formerly the National Stadion, is a multi-purpose stadium in Paramaribo, Suriname. Since its opening in 1953, the stadium has been the official home stadium of both football teams S.V. Transvaal and S.V. Robinhood and the official national stadium of the Suriname national football team. With an official capacity of 7,100, it is the largest stadium in Suriname.
The stadium is also home to the Suriname Athletics Federation (SAB) as well as the Suriname Cycling Union (SWU). In 1997 Walking Boyz Company joined Transvaal and Robinhood as the third football team to make the stadium their home. In 2014 both Robinhood and Walking Boyz Company relocated to the Frank Essed Stadion, with Robinhood ending a 51-year tenure at the Stadium.
The stadium is named after André Kamperveen, the first president of the Caribbean Football Union.
Location
André Kamperveen Stadion is located in Rainville, Paramaribo on the Stadionlaan, right off the Letitia Vriesdelaan, next door to the office building of the Surinamese Football Association, and across the street from the playing fields 'Owru Cul' which served as the predecessor of the current stadium on the Cultuurtuinlaan from 1923 to 1953.
History
The André Kamperveen Stadium, formerly the National Stadium and later the Suriname stadium, is the largest sports facility in Suriname. It opened on August 29, 1953 with a grand ceremonial opening, but prior to this event, there was the construction of another sports field on the Cultuurtuinlaan with a long history behind it, namely the 'Owru Cul'.
Early history
Before August 1911, the majority of football matches and events in Paramaribo were organized on the former Gouvernementsplein, now known as the Eenheidsplein. On 15 August 1911 however, a majority vote had ruled to ban the sport from this location, deeming the sport unfit for the locality, since the popular view was that the matches obstructed peoples ability to relax and take walks in the park. Although the ruling interfered with the development of the sport at the time, occasional matches were still held on this square. Obtaining a license to be allowed to do so from the Government proved to be very difficult for football organizing bodies at the time. Due to the loss of the Gouvernementsplein, football associations were forced to look elsewhere, with a need for a new field spiking in 1915.
The Support Committee promised to include the construction of a sports field in its program, but little was noticed of this incentive. During the public debate on the budget of 1916, the desirability of a ground given by Mr Asch van Wijck was referenced. On 12 June 1915, Mr. Van der Upwich wrote in an article for ‘Op den Uitkijk’, where he wrote about the planning of the sports terrain, offering the Gouvernementsstalweide or the Veemarkt as possible alternative construction sites. Edgar Wijngaarde too shared his vision for a new ground in several articles published in the 'Surinamer'.
In June 1915, Governor Van Asbeck (1911-1916) denied the SVB's request to build a facility on a graveyard located on the Gravenstraat that had been closed for 40 years. Another location that was considered in 1915 was the Molenpad, where plans for a cycling track had been discussed as well.
In 1917 the former SVB had made an attempt to obtain 20400m² of land on the Cultuurtuinlaan, where the Stadium stands today. Looking to finalize a 75-year lease agreement with the Government, the proposal could not be serviced since the former association had since folded.
On 25 July 1919 the Katholieke Sport Centrale (English, Catholic Sport Center) was founded on the Patronaatterrein in hopes to remedy the problem that was created in 1911. During this period a fierce fight between Catholics and Protestants had erupted in the country which was especially felt during sporting events, particularly at the newly established Katholieke Sport Centrale, where Protestant athletes felt the Catholic clubs and players were given an unfair advantage.
Cultuurtuinlaan
In 1921, Mr. Walther Hewitt expressed interest in the Cultuurtuinlaan. He inspired Dr. E. Snellen, the director of agriculture in Suriname, to build a sportscomplex on the site. Mr. Hewitt then supervised the completion of the first sporting complex on the Cultuurtuinlaan. The initial cost of ƒ10.000,00 was projected, while only ƒ9.600,00 were used to complete construction.
In 1922 it was voted that the Sports complex by ceded to the Surinamese Sports Committee (SSC). The terrain was nicknamed ‘Het huis van de neutralen (English, The house of the neutrals), implying that it was free of any dogmatic stigma.
On 29 July 1923, the sports terrain 'Owru Cul' was opened by Governor Heemstra in front of a crowd of 2,400 people. The opening ceremony ensued as follows. At 16:45 Governor Heemstra made his entrance to the Wilhelmus sung by Jong Elto. Led by a military trooper, the members of the various sports clubs marched in, with their heads turned to the left to salute the Governor as they walked along the tribune.
During the ceremony, 10 football clubs, 3 korfball clubs, five athletic clubs and a couple of cricket clubs were present. After marching around the complex, the team members took their places as Mr. Simons, chairman of the SCC and Governor Heemstra delivered a speech and gave a toast. Afterwards the first sports clubs got their turn, with the athletic clubs Thesos, Tonido, UNI and Wilhelmina taking their turns.
On Sunday, 5 August 1923 the first football matches were held at the Cul. Listed below are the results of the inaugural games.
Inaugural games
Construction
In June 1952 permission was given to John Zeegelaar, who was goalkeeper for Spes Patriae at the time, to build a football stadium in the Cul for quoting the lowest cost of construction at ƒ 175.000,00 guilders. The construction was completed in August 1953, with an International sports week organized for the opening ceremony revolving around athletics, cycling and football.
Foundation
The opening ceremony of the Suriname Stadion began on Saturday, 29 August 1953, a sports week where the Athletes, Cyclists and Footballers all gave an excellent performance.
The results of the football matches during the inauguration week are as follows.
Inaugural games
Conflict of 1953
The relationship between the national associations for athletics, cycling and football have been strained since construction of the stadium was completed in August 1953. The governing body of football Surinaamse Voetbal Bond (SVB), the governing body of athletics Surinaamse Atletiek Bond (SAB) and the governing body of cycling, the Surinaamse Wielren Unie (SWU) have faced difficulties since before the stadium was even opened. Scheduling disparities have caused for the associations to quarrel since day one.
The difficulties between the associations started on Monday, 24 August 1953 when the Surinamese Football Association noticed that no time to practice was given ahead the inaugural games. After which the SVB declared that the other associations should stay away until after the games. Emanuels the chairman of the SWU held a meeting with Emile De La Fuente, chairman of the SVB at the time, after which De La Fuente went to the press and declared that the cycling association had agreed to vacate the stadium from Monday, August 24 onward for the duration of the period ahead of the inaugural games. The governing body of football then locked the doors to the stadium. Emanuels explained that he had agreed that the cyclists could train outside the stadium, but that it was important for the athletes and cyclists to be equally prepared ahead of the event.
All this of course only complicated the relationship between the two governing bodies. As the players of the National football team were allowed to access the stadium at all times, during athletics or cycling events for free, but when the SAB and the SWU asked for free tickets to the SVB hosted events, they were denied. When the athletics and cycling unions asked for permission to have free access to a game together, De La Fuente was tickled and allowed it in exchange for all his footballers to be allowed to attend a cycling event.
On Thursday, 27 August 1953 the SAB and SWU had received letters from the SVB that it was not possible for their athletes to attend the number of desired matches as requested. That day the athletics and cycling governing bodies held a meeting. Together they wrote a response demanded not only the stadium access, but addressed three additional points, namely that all athletes receive access to all of the inauguration games. Also that the predictive numbers for attendance projected for the events were influenced by the accommodations of the stadium, which needed to be reevaluated, the third point raised that a financial loss was being predicted for the final day of the sports week which was an all day cycling event, according to the SVB.
The invited guests from Aruba, Brazil, Guyana, Trinidad and Tobago for the opening ceremony stayed out of the conflict. Both A.R. Harding, manager of the Trinidad Cycling Union, and L.B. Allen manager of the Athletic Association of Guyana, went on record stating that they were guests of the SVB and would stay out of internal conflicts. On 28 August 1953 the SAB and the SWB were asked to set their differences aside ahead of the games for the sake of the event by the Minister of Social Affairs Mr. de Groot.
The following letter was sent to the SVB on Friday afternoon of August 28.
Translation:
Although the ceremonial sports week was a success, the relationship between the associations remained strained seeing additional conflicts arise in 1956 and in 1977. One can draw the conclusion that the problem that was created in 1911 was resolved through the construction of the stadium, although the associations of athletics and cycling have repeatedly expressed their desire for accommodations of their own.
Energy crisis of 1987
Due to the energy crisis in Paramaribo of 1987, the Surinaamse Voetbal Bond decided to cancel all sporting events which were scheduled after night fall, beginning in May of that year. Any event that was rescheduled was moved to either a Saturday or Sunday afternoon.
Although there were no conflicts between the governing bodies during this period, the majority of the Suriname Athletics Federation agenda was rescheduled that year.
André Kamperveen Stadion
On 29 August 1988 the Suriname Stadium was officially renamed to the André Kamperveen Stadium, in honor of André Kamperveen, one of the country's most renown athletes, sports directors, journalist and philanthropist, who was brutally murdered in the December murders. Kamperveen had been the manager of S.V. Transvaal at the Suriname Stadium from 1958 to 1964, and he was the first president of the Caribbean Football Union. The name change also served to commemorate the stadiums 35th Anniversary.
Situated outside of the stadium is a bronze statue of André Kamperveen which was erected on 1 October 2000 to commemorate the Surinamese Football Association's 80th Anniversary.
Events
1979 CFU Championship
The stadium was the host venue of the 1979 CFU Championship final tournament, and held the following matches:
International football friendlies
1. The 1000th career match played by Pelé on 28 January 1971 at the National Stadion with Santos vs. Transvaal.
De Surinaamse Klassieker
The André Kamperveen Stadion is the host stadium of 'de Surinaamse Klassieker' the main football rivalry of Suriname. It is between Transvaal and Robinhood and is highly contested. Both teams hail from Paramaribo and play their home games at the André Kamperveen Stadion.
The first meeting between the two clubs was on 6 August 1950 when Transvaal won 3–2 against Robinhood. Having been newly promoted to the top flight, Robinhood finished as runner-up to Transvaal that year.
First encounter
Robinhood finished as runner-up to Transvaal for three seasons in a row on the Owru Cul before the stadium was completed after which both teams became tenants. Robinhood then championed the first season after completion of the National Stadium.
A total 55 national titles have been won between both clubs, with Transvaal holding 19 and Robinhood 23 titles. The match has won the 'Match of the Year' award issued annually by the Suriname Olympic Committee (SOC) on several occasions as well.
In 2014, Robinhood relocated to the Dr. Ir. Franklin Essed Stadion, following the teams' first ever relegation to the Eerste Klasse, thus ending a 51-year tenure at the André Kamperveen Stadium. While both teams now occupy separate stadiums, the rivalry between the two parties remains the most intense match up in the country.
Concerts
The André Kamperveen Stadium has been a host venue for concerts and performances in the country, with a maximum capacity of 40,000
Future plans
Owru Cul project
In 2014 it was announced that the Surinamese Football Association and FIFA were investing in a new sports complex on the location of the Owru Cul playing grounds across the street from the André Kamperveen Stadion. The goal is to improve the training facilities for the tenants of the stadium and to help improve the overall quality of football accommodations in Suriname. Owru Cul is the nickname of the former sports terrain on the Cultuurtuinlaan before the construction of the stadium. 'Owru' means old in the Sranan Tongo language, and Cul is an abbreviation for the Cultuurtuinlaan.
Expansion of the Stadium
In 2015, the Surinamese Football Association reported that they were going to renovate the Stadium with a budget of $22–25,000,000, which would expand the capacity to more than 10,000 seats.
References
External links
Accommodations on SVB.sr
Football venues in Paramaribo
Athletics (track and field) venues in Suriname
Suriname
Multi-purpose stadiums in Suriname
Buildings and structures in Paramaribo
Sports venues completed in 1953
Suriname national football team
S.V. Robinhood
S.V. Transvaal
S.V. Walking Boyz Company | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Andr%C3%A9%20Kamperveen%20Stadion |
James Hill may refer to:
Law and politics
French Hill (politician) (born 1956), born James French Hill, American politician from Arkansas
James Hill (antiquary) (died 1727), English barrister and antiquary
James L. Hill (1834–1888), American local politician (Madison, Wisconsin)
Sir James Hill, 1st Baronet (1849–1936), British politician
James Hill (Labour politician) (1899–1966), British MP for Midlothian
Sir James Hill (Conservative politician) (1926–1999), British MP for Southampton Test
James Hill (Wisconsin legislator) (1825–1897), American politician
James Hill (Mississippi politician) (1830s–1903), Reconstruction-era politician
James Clinkscales Hill (1924–2017), American federal judge
James Ferguson Hill (1871–1950), politician in Ontario, Canada
James T. Hill Jr. (active 1944–53), American military attorney
James W. Hill (1791–1864), American farmer, lawyer, and politician
Military
James Hill (Medal of Honor, 1863), American Civil War Medal of Honor recipient
James Hill (Medal of Honor, 1864), American Civil War Medal of Honor recipient
James Hill (British Army officer) (1911–2006), British World War II paratroop commander
James E. Hill (1921–1999), United States Air Force 4-star general
James A. Hill (1923–2010), United States Air Force 4-star general
James T. Hill (born 1946), United States Army 4-star general
Sports
James Hill (1910s footballer) (active 1917–21), English footballer
James Hill (footballer, born 2002), English footballer
James Enoch Hill (1929–2018), American Olympic shooter
James Hill (rower) (1930–2020), New Zealand Olympic rower
Dave Hill (golfer) (James David Hill, 1937–2011), American golfer
James Hill (American football) (born 1974), American football player
Entertainment
James Hill (folk musician) (), British fiddler and composer
James John Hill (1811–1882), English landscape and portrait painter
James Hill (British director) (1919–1994), British film and television director and producer
James Hill (American film producer) (1916–2001), American film producer
James William Hill (born 1953), American filmmaker and political theorist
James Hill (Canadian musician) (born 1980), Canadian ukulele player and educator
James Hill, American member of The Fairfield Four gospel group
James Hill (TV personality) (born 1987), English reality TV personality
James Hill (J. Hill, active 1974 and after), American big band musician and arranger
Pseudonym of Storm Jameson (1891–1986), English journalist and novelist
Other
James Hill (master mason) (died 1734), British master mason
James Hill (surgeon) (1703–1776), Scottish surgeon
James Hill (merchant) (c. 1826–1901), founder of James Hill & Sons, South Australian motor cycle dealers
James J. Hill (James Jerome Hill, 1838–1916), Canadian-American railroad magnate
James G. Hill (1841–1914), American architect
James B. Hill (1856–1945), American inventor
James Peter Hill (1873–1954), British-born Australian embryologist
James DeWitt Hill (1882–1927), American mail pilot
James M. Hill (1899–1962), Canadian Roman Catholic bishop, first president of St. Thomas College
James N. Hill (1943–1997), American archaeologist
See also
Cape James Hill, Greenland
James J. Hill House, a house built by railroad magnate James J. Hill in Saint Paul, Minnesota
James J. Hill Reference Library, public business research library in Saint Paul, Minnesota named after railroad magnate James J. Hill
James J. Hill Sapphire, gemstone named after railroad magnate James J. Hill
James M. Hill Memorial High School, high school in Miramichi, New Brunswick, Canada
Jim Hill (disambiguation)
Jimmy Hill (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/James%20Hill |
Erjon Tola (born 15 December 1986) is an Albanian alpine ski racer who represented Albania at the 2006, 2010, 2014 and 2018 Winter Olympics.
Biography
Tola was born in Tirana in 1986. He trains in Italy and has been living in Cervinia since 1992.
Career
At his first Olympics appearance in 2006, Tola was ranked last among those who finished the men's super-G, but finished 35th in the men's giant slalom. Tola finished 48th in the men's slalom and 63rd in the men's giant slalom at the 2010 Winter Olympics in Vancouver.
During 2013 he participated for the first time in both the World Ski Championships and the World Cup.
Although Tola represented Albania again at the 2014 Winter Olympics, due to injury suffered during a training session he was not able to take part in any competitions.
In 2018 he and Suela Mehilli represented Albania at the Winter Olympic Games in South Korea. It was his fourth and her second Olympics.
He obtained his best career placement in the Slalom competition at the 2021 World Championships held in Cortina d'Ampezzo.
References
External links
Videos of Erjon Tola in the 2010 Winter Olympics
1986 births
Living people
Albanian male alpine skiers
Alpine skiers at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Alpine skiers at the 2010 Winter Olympics
Alpine skiers at the 2014 Winter Olympics
Alpine skiers at the 2018 Winter Olympics
Olympic alpine skiers for Albania
Sportspeople from Tirana | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erjon%20Tola |
Estadio José Dellagiovanna (popularly known as the Coliseo de Victoria) is a stadium in Victoria, Buenos Aires, Argentina. It is the home venue of Club Atlético Tigre and was inaugurated in 1936. The stadium has a current capacity of 26,282 people.
The stadium also features a lighting system consisting of 4 towers with 13 spotlights each (2000 w) and 18 press booths. Its name honors José Dellagiovanna, former player and first president of C.A. Tigre, since 2009.
History
Prior to the construction of its own venue, Tigre played their home matches at neighbor Club San Fernando stadium. In December 1913 the club moved to a field on Rocha and Río de las Conchas in Rincón de Milberg district of Tigre Partido. That venue was popularly known as Lechero Ahogado ("drowned milkman") due to an urban legend based on the frequent river floodings. The nickname was attributed to Uruguayan journalist Alfredo Palacio.
In February 1932 the stadium featured new grandstands, expanding its capacity. Nevertheless, its location made it difficult for spectators to access. In December 1935, Tigre acquired a more accessible land on Guido and Spano streets in the neighboring town of Victoria (5 km to the southeast). There the club began to build a new stadium, which was inaugurated on 20 September 1936 in a friendly match v Boca Juniors, won by the Zeneixes 4–1.
New wooden grandstands (25 x 4 mt each) were added to one of the end sides on 11 de Septiembre Avenue in 1940. Two years later, a wooden stand was placed on another side. Concrete grandstands were first put in 1955, but the total of wooden structures would not been replaced until 2006.
The stadium did not have a name, being known as "Monumental de Victoria". In 2009 members of the club's executive committee voted for a name. José Dellagiovanna, who was not only Tigre's first president but player, treasurer, and manager of the club, won by 61%. Other names voted were Juan Marvezzi (all-time top scorer), and legendary Bernabé Ferreyra, among others.
Events
Juan Perón was named Honorary President of the club in 1944. Raúl Alfonsín gave a speech at the stadium in 1983, prior to the general election that proclaimed him as president of Argentina. The club also hosted some concerts such as Pappo (1991), Damas Gratis (2019), Ratones Paranoicos, Los Nocheros, and Horacio Guarany.
Gallery
Notes
References
Club Atlético Tigre
j
1936 establishments in Argentina | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Estadio%20Jos%C3%A9%20Dellagiovanna |
Sir George Augustus William Shuckburgh-Evelyn, 6th Baronet (23 August 1751 – 11 August 1804) was a British politician, mathematician and astronomer.
Life
George Shuckburgh was born on 23 August 1751, the son of Richard Shuckburgh of Limerick. He was educated at Rugby School and Balliol College, Oxford, from which he earned a bachelor's degree in 1772.
He became a baronet in 1773, on the death of his uncle, and (after returning from his postgraduate travels to Europe) moved to Shuckburgh Hall, the family estate in Shuckburgh, Warwickshire.
In 1774, Shuckburgh was elected a Fellow of the Royal Society.
He served in the House of Commons as a Member of Parliament for Warwickshire from 1780 until his death in 1804.
In 1782, he was married to Sarah Johanna Darker, daughter of John Darker. His second marriage on 6 October 1785 was to Julia Annabella Evelyn, the daughter of James Evelyn of Felbridge; when his father-in-law died in 1793, Shuckburgh added Evelyn to his own surname. Their daughter, Julia Evelyn Medley Shuckburgh, married Charles Jenkinson, 3rd Earl of Liverpool.
Shuckburgh died on 11 August 1804 in Lower Shuckburgh, Warwickshire.
Scientific contributions
He made a series of astronomical observations and an ephemeris, which he published in twelve volumes between 1774 and 1797. In 1791 the Shuckburgh telescope was installed at his private observatory in Warwickshire, England.
Included among his observations were measurements of lunar surface features. The crater Shuckburgh on the Moon is named after him.
Shuckburgh also contributed to metrology. He performed a series of observations on the change in the boiling point of water at different pressures, and pointed out the need for controlling for this effect when calibrating thermometers. The Shuckburgh scale was a standard brass yard constructed for him by Edward Troughton, whose company later made the Victorian standard yard of 1855; the Shuckburgh scale was used by George Biddell Airy in his measurements of the earth's shape, and in setting standards for many years by the British government.
In statistics, Shuckburgh was a pioneer in the collation of price indexes.
He became a Fellow of the Royal Society in 1774. In 1798, he was co-winner of the Copley Medal, the highest award of the Society.
References
External links
1751 births
1804 deaths
People from Warwickshire
People educated at Rugby School
Alumni of Balliol College, Oxford
Baronets in the Baronetage of England
18th-century British astronomers
18th-century English mathematicians
Recipients of the Copley Medal
Members of the Parliament of Great Britain for English constituencies
British MPs 1780–1784
British MPs 1784–1790
British MPs 1790–1796
British MPs 1796–1800
Members of the Parliament of the United Kingdom for English constituencies
UK MPs 1801–1802
UK MPs 1802–1806
Fellows of the Royal Society | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/George%20Shuckburgh-Evelyn |
Christoph Arnold (17 December 1650 – 15 April 1695) was a German farmer and amateur astronomer.
Life
Born in Sommerfeld near Leipzig, Arnold was a farmer by profession. Interested in astronomy, he spotted the great comet of 1683, eight days before Hevelius did. He also observed the great comet of 1686. In 1686, Kirch went to Leipzig. There, he observed the great comet of 1686, together with Gottfried Kirch. There, Kirch met his second wife, Maria Margarethe Winckelmann (1670–1720), who had actually learned astronomy from Arnold.
Arnold observed the transit of Mercury in front of the sun on 13 October 1690. For this work, he received some money and a tax exemption from the town of Leipzig. He was the author of Göttliche Gnadenzeichen, in einem Sonnenwunder vor Augen gestellt (Leipzig, 1692) which contains an account of the transit of Mercury in 1690. He died at Leipzig.
Honors
Lunar crater Arnold and asteroid 121016 Christopharnold were named in his honor. The asteroid's official was published by the Minor Planet Center on 29 October 2012 ().
References
External links
Chris Plicht, Biographies
Messier Catalog: Online Biography of Gottfried Kirch
1650 births
1695 deaths
Amateur astronomers
17th-century German astronomers
Scientists from Leipzig
People from the Electorate of Saxony
German farmers
17th-century farmers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christoph%20Arnold |
Heritage of Pride (HOP), doing business as NYC Pride, is a 501(c)(3) non-profit organization that plans and produces the official New York City LGBTQIA+ Pride Week events each June. HOP began working on the events in 1984, taking on the work previously done by the Christopher Street Liberation Day Committee organizers of the first NYC Pride March in 1970. HOP also took over responsibility for the operations of NYC's Pride Festival and Pride Rally. It was that first march that brought national attention to 1969's Stonewall Riots. The late sixties saw numerous protests and riots across the United States on many social injustices and from general political unrest including the war in Vietnam.
After events in New York, Los Angeles, and Chicago in June 1970, Pride chapters formed in cities across the US. Pride London was the first non-US city to rise in support of Gay Rights in 1972 and Pride festivals (or Christopher Street Days) now occur on six continents. The official LGBTQIA+ Pride events for New York City end on the last Sunday of each June. Additional New York City events in the outer boroughs are organized by Brooklyn, Queens, and Staten Island Pride chapters.
Organization
HOP is a volunteer-spearheaded organization working by Robert's Rules 50 weeks a year to execute the activities of NYC Pride Week. The voting membership elects two volunteer co-chairs onto an executive board composed of Committee Directors (also volunteers) and their executive director (the most senior of staff). Until 2002 all NYC Pride Week activities were organized solely by volunteers. That January Anthony D. Dean began work as the first full-time paid Business Development Director of NYC Pride events. By late 2016 HOP had five employees working year-round from a rented basement office on Christopher Street. They assist in coordinating the desires of Membership, who work on behalf of the larger community. Membership is open to all individuals.
Events
What began as a march has grown to more than a dozen events which compose NYC PRIDE week including The March, The Rally, PrideFest, and Pride Island, a multi-day cultural experience that is an evolution from HOP's Dance on the Pier (1987–2017). Pride Island is the final event held each year. Beginning with June 24, 1990, the closing event has culminated with the second largest annual fireworks display in Manhattan, bested only by Macy's 4 July Fireworks. HOP's Stonewall50 Planning Committee began work in July 2009. Additional programming was envisioned for the coming years and by 2011 new events had become a reality. This would eventually lead to a successful bid for the first UUS-hosted WorldPride, Stonewall 50 – WorldPride NYC 2019.
The concept for WorldPride events was established in 1997 when HOP hosted the 16th annual conference of InterPride. The first of these was WorldPride Rome 2000, followed by Tel Aviv, London, Toronto, and Madrid.
During Pride Month an organization such as HOP brings together many facets of the community asking they join voices and speak as one. In 2017 a new voice was added. ABC7 broadcast three hours of HOP's Pride March (the actual event run time was 9 hours, 38 minutes) as did their sister network covering the Chicago Pride Parade. Both networks continue to make that content available on the internet wherever there is access to such information, for the next year. The New York broadcast was nominated for a New York Emmy Award in both 2018 and 2019.
Pride March route
2017's NYC LGBT Pride March brought together more than 450 contingents including 110 floats. The route traversed Fifth Avenue below the New York Public Library and after turning on 8th Street included more of Greenwich Village. The 1970 March was up Sixth Avenue and ended with a Gay-In in Sheeps Meadow, Central Park. The route itself has changed direction and span many times. The March route in New York does pass in front of the Stonewall Inn on Christopher Street, the location of the Stonewall riots which launched the modern gay rights movement.
Collaborations
Heritage of Pride is a founding member of InterPride and a member of Northeast Regional Pride (NERP), the International Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, Trans and Intersex Association (IGLA), the National Gay and Lesbian Task Force, and the International LGBTQ+ Travel Association.
The theme chosen for 2018 was "Defiantly Different". The opening event held on June 14, 2018, was HOP's inaugural Human Rights Conference, held at SUNY Global Center and included 20 different workshops and panel discussions. Programming was a collaborative effort of HOP, SUNY, United Nations, GMHC, SAGE, OutRight Action International and The NYC LGBT Center with participation from a range of others including Columbia Law School, Weill Cornell Center for Human Rights, OutServe-SLDN, The Dru Project, and the Matthew Shepard Foundation. The 2019 theme in New York and many other cities is Millions of Moments.
Awards
Heritage of Pride annually grants the Marsha P. Johnson "Don't Be Outraged, Be Outrageous" Award. The winner in 1995 was the float sponsored by the AIDS Prevention Action League. The winner in 2017 was Desmond is Amazing.
See also
New York City LGBT Pride March
LGBT history
LGBT culture in New York City
Queer Liberation March
Reclaim Pride Coalition
References
External links
Official NYC Pride website
Guidetogay.com - Official NYC Pride international media partner
LGBT organizations based in New York City
Organizations based in New York City
1984 establishments in New York City
1984 in LGBT history
Organizations established in 1984 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Heritage%20of%20Pride |
The Producers Guild of America Awards were originally established in 1990 by the Producers Guild of America as the Golden Laurel Awards, created by PGA Treasurer Joel Freeman with the support of Guild President Leonard Stern, in order to honor the visionaries who produce and execute motion picture and television product. The ceremony has been hosted each year by celebrity host/presenters, including Nick Clooney, Michael Douglas, Robert Guillaume, James Earl Jones, Jack Lemmon, Shirley MacLaine, Garry Marshall, Walter Matthau, Ronald Reagan, Marlo Thomas, Grant Tinker, Ted Turner, and Karen S. Kramer among others.
Ceremonies
Producers of the Year Awards
* Denotes a film that also won a corresponding Academy Award
Film winners
Best Theatrical Motion Picture
1989: Driving Miss Daisy *
by producers Lili Fini Zanuck and Richard D. Zanuck
1990: Dances with Wolves *
by producers Jim Wilson and Kevin Costner
1991: The Silence of the Lambs *
by producers Edward Saxon, Kenneth Utt, and Ron Bozman
1992: The Crying Game
by producer Stephen Woolley
1993: Schindler's List *
by producers Branko Lustig, Gerald R. Molen, and Steven Spielberg
1994: Forrest Gump *
by producers Wendy Finerman, Charles Newirth, Steve Starkey, and Steve Tisch
1995: Apollo 13
by producers Brian Grazer and Todd Hallowell
1996: The English Patient *
by producer Saul Zaentz
1997: Titanic *
by producers James Cameron and Jon Landau
1998: Saving Private Ryan
by producers Steven Spielberg, Allison Lyon Segan, Bonnie Curtis, Ian Bryce, Mark Gordon, and Gary Levinsohn
1999: American Beauty *
by producers Bruce Cohen and Dan Jinks
2000: Gladiator *
by producers Branko Lustig and Douglas Wick
2001: Moulin Rouge!
by producers Fred Baron, Martin Brown, and Baz Luhrmann
2002: Chicago *
by producers Martin Richards
2003: The Lord of the Rings: The Return of the King *
by producers Peter Jackson, Barrie M. Osborne, and Fran Walsh
2004: The Aviator
by producers Graham King and Michael Mann
2005: Brokeback Mountain
by producers Diana Ossana and James Schamus
2006: Little Miss Sunshine
by producers Albert Berger, David T. Friendly, Peter Saraf, Marc Turtletaub, and Ron Yerxa
2007: No Country for Old Men *
by producers Scott Rudin, Joel Coen, and Ethan Coen
2008: Slumdog Millionaire *
by producer Christian Colson
2009: The Hurt Locker *
by producers Kathryn Bigelow, Mark Boal, Nicolas Chartier, and Greg Shapiro
2010: The King's Speech *
by producers Iain Canning, Emile Sherman, and Gareth Unwin
2011: The Artist *
by producer Thomas Langmann
2012: Argo *
by producers Grant Heslov, Ben Affleck, and George Clooney
2013: 12 Years a Slave * (TIE)
by producers Anthony Katagas, Jeremy Kleiner, Steve McQueen, Brad Pitt, and Dede Gardner
Gravity (TIE)by producers Alfonso Cuarón and David Heyman
2014: Birdman *by producers Alejandro G. Iñárritu, John Lesher, and James W. Skotchdopole
2015: The Big Short
by producers Brad Pitt, Dede Gardner, and Jeremy Kleiner
2016: La La Land
by producers Fred Berger, Jordan Horowitz, and Marc Platt
2017: The Shape of Water *
by producers Guillermo del Toro and J. Miles Dale
2018: Green Book *
by producers Jim Burke, Charles B. Wessler, Brian Hayes Currie, Peter Farrelly and Nick Vallelonga
2019: 1917
by producers Sam Mendes, Pippa Harris, Jayne-Ann Tenggren and Callum McDougall
2020: Nomadland *
by producers Frances McDormand, Peter Spears, Mollye Asher, Dan Jenvey, Chloé Zhao
2021: CODA *
by producers Philippe Rousselet, Fabrice Gianfermi, Patrick Wachsberger
2022: Everything Everywhere All at Once *
by producers Jonathan Wang, Dan Kwan, and Daniel ScheinertBest Animated Motion Picture
2005: Wallace & Gromit: The Curse of the Were-Rabbit *by producers Claire Jennings and Nick Park
2006: Carsby producer Darla K. Anderson
2007: Ratatouille *by producer Brad Lewis
2008: WALL-E *by producer Jim Morris
2009: Up *by producer Jonas Rivera
2010: Toy Story 3 *by producer Darla K. Anderson
2011: The Adventures of Tintinby producers Peter Jackson, Steven Spielberg, and Kathleen Kennedy
2012: Wreck-It Ralphby producer Clark Spencer
2013: Frozen *by producer Peter Del Vecho
2014: The Lego Movieby producer Dan Lin
2015: Inside Out *by producer Jonas Rivera
2016: Zootopia *by producer Clark Spencer
2017: Coco *by producer Darla K. Anderson
2018: Spider-Man: Into the Spider-Verse *by producers Avi Arad, Amy Pascal, Phil Lord and Christopher Miller
2019: Toy Story 4 *by producers Mark Nielsen, and Jonas Rivera
2020: Soul *by producer Dana Murray
2021: Encanto *by producers Yvett Merino and Clark Spencer
2022: Guillermo del Toro's Pinocchio *by producers Guillermo del Toro, Gary Ungar, and Alex Bulkley
Stanley Kramer Award
Since 2002, this award has been given for films that "illuminate provocative social issues"
2002: I Am Samby producers Jessie Nelson, Barbara Hall, Edward Zwick, Marshall Herskovitz, and Richard Solomon
2003: Antwone Fisherby producers Todd Black, Randa Haines, and Denzel Washington
2004: In Americaby producers Jim Sheridan and Arthur Lappin
2005: Hotel Rwanda (TIE)by producer Terry GeorgeVoces inocentes (Innocent Voices) (TIE)by producer Lawrence Bender
2006: Good Night, and Good Luck.by producer Grant Heslov
2007: An Inconvenient Truthby producers Lawrence Bender, Scott Z. Burns, and Laurie David
2008: The Great Debatersby producers Todd Black, Kate Forte, Joe Roth, and Oprah Winfrey
2009: Milkby producers Dan Jinks and Bruce Cohen
2010: Preciousby producers Lee Daniels, Sarah Siegel-Magness, and Gary Magness
2011: Sean Pennfirst person to receive a Stanley Kramer Award
2012: In the Land of Blood and Honeyby producers Angelina Jolie, Graham King, and Timothy Headington
2013: Bully (2011, released in the US in 2012)
by producers Cynthia Lowen, Lee Hirsch, and Cindy Waitt
2014: Fruitvale Stationby producers Forest Whitaker and Nina Yang Bongiovi
2015: The Normal Heartby producers Scott Ferguson and Alexis Martin Woodall
2016: The Hunting Groundby producer Amy Ziering
2017: Lovingby producers Ged Doherty, Colin Firth, et al.
2018: Get Outby producers Sean McKittrick, Jason Blum, Edward H. Hamm Jr., and Jordan Peele
2019: Bombshell'''
by producers Aaron L. Glibert, Jay Roach, et al.
Television winners
Best Episodic Comedy
Best Episodic Drama
Best Long-Form Television
Best Limited Series Television
Best Streamed or Televised Movie
External links
Official PGA website
TheHollywoodReporter: 2008 Nominees | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Producers%20Guild%20of%20America%20Awards |
Ionikos Football Club () is a Greek professional football club based in Nikaia, Greece, currently competing in the Super League Greece 2, the second tier of the Greek football league system.
From 1989 to 2007 Ionikos spent 16 out of 18 seasons in the Super League. During that span Ionikos finished as high as 5th-place in the league (on two occasions), was a finalist in the Greek Cup, and participated in the UEFA Europa League.
The club's colours are blue and white.
History
Foundation
Ionikos was established in 1965, from a merger of local clubs Nikaia Sports Union and Aris Piraeus, with Alex Meraklidis as new club's first president. The club's early years were not easy, but, with the support of its fans, Ionikos slowly improved through the 1970s and 1980s and eventually reached the top division in 1989.
The club's first promotion to the top flight was accompanied by unexpected problemsDimitris Melissanidis withdrew as chairman, and the club needed 50 million drachmas to participate in the championship. Businessman Nikolaos Kanellakis stepped forward to provide the needed sum and become the club's new chairman.
Nikos Kanellakis
Kanellakis' arrival would be the beginning of the club's greatest erafrom the 1989 promotion, Ionikos would spend 16 of the next 18 seasons in the Greek top flight, up until 2007, and during that time the team would finish as high as 5th-place in the league (on two occasions), reach a Greek Cup Final, and compete in the UEFA Europa League.
Greek Cup Final 2000
Ionikos' UEFA Cup appearance came in the 1999–00 seasonthe opposition was French side Nantes, and Ionikos lost both home and away matches, 1–3 and 0–1, respectively. Ionikos reached the Greek Cup Final later that same season, where they came up against traditional power AEK, and, despite a valiant Ionikos effort, AEK won the match, 3–0.
On 21 April 2004 Ionikos experienced the most tragic moment of his history, when Nikolaos Kanellakis, the club's chairman for 14 years, died. Hundreds of Ionikos supportersas well as other sports fansattended Kanellakis' funeral, where the flag of Ionikos covered the coffin of the late chairman. Nikolaos' son Christos took his father's place as chairman.
Relegation to Second League
Ionikos' long run in the top flight ended in the 2006–07 season, when the team finished in 16th-place in the Super League and was relegated back to Beta Ethniki. Ionikos has spent the last two seasons in Beta Ethniki, finishing 5th and 4th place, respectively, as the club tries to rejoin the top flight.
Return to the Top League
For the upcoming season, 2021–22, they will compete once again in the Greek top league, 2021–22 Super League Greece, having gained promotion, and after successfully getting licensed to compete in the top league's new season.
Stadium
Ionikos plays its home matches at Neapolis Public Stadium (), located in Nikaia, a suburb of Piraeus. The stadium was completed in 1965, and had its latest redevelopment in 2000. It currently has a seating capacity of 5,500, but record attendance is 6,565 for a match against Olympiacos in 1990.
Ionikos' organized supporters gather in Gate 3 at Neapoli Stadium.
Supporters and rivals
While Ionikos was competing in the lower divisions there were two main supporters' groupsthe Association of Ionikos Supporters and the Fan Club of Agios Georgios.
On Ionikos's promotion to the top division the Association of Ionikos Supporters Rangers Club was formedor Rangers Club, for shortwith headquarters in Elefterias Square in Korydallos. Before Ionikos's first match in the top flight the Rangers Club organised a parade of 2,000 supporters from outside Rangers' headquarters to Stavros Mavrothalassitis Stadium, where Ionikos played its first three home matches of the 1989–90 season. Two years later the supporters' club offices moved to Neapolis, and then in 1996 to Nikaia, before returning to Neapolis in 1999. A second branch was established in Nikaia in 2004.
Ionikos fans have a rivalry with the fans of the other topic club of Nikaia, Proodeftiki.
Ionikos fans have rivalries too with other nearby clubs, Egaleo, and Atromitos.
The Derby of Kokkinia
The football matches between Ionikos and Proodeftiki are called «The Derby of Kokkinia»
Players
Current squad
Former players
Dmytro Chigrinskiy
Eduard Stoyanov
Ildefons Lima
Toni Lima
Craig Brewster
Gurjinder Singh
List of managers
Ionikos managers from 1992 and henceforth.
Honours
Domestic
League titles
Super League 2 (Second Division)
Winners (2): 1993–94, 2020–21
Gamma Ethniki (Third Division)
Winners (2): 1977–78 (Group 8), 1981–82 (Group 1)
Delta Ethniki (Fourth Division)
Winners (1): 2012–13 (Group 9)
Piraeus FCA Championship (Local Championship)
Winners (1): 1976–77 (Group 2)
Cups
Greek Cup
Runners-up (1): 1999–00
Piraeus FCA Cup (Local Cup)
Winners (1): 1981–82
Season-by-season
Since 1965–66:
18 seasons in Super League Greece 1
26 season in Super League Greece 2
11 seasons in Gamma Ethniki
2 seasons in Delta Ethniki
1 season in Piraeus Football Clubs Association
Club records
Alpha Ethniki / Super League 1
Last Update 19 May 2023
First participation: 1989–90
Total participations: 18
Wins: 169
Draws: 157
Losses: 242
Goals Scored: 620
Goals Conceded: 821
Record Win: Ionikos 5–0 OFI Crete in 1997–98
Record Loss: AEK Athens 6–0 Ionikos in 1995–96, Olympiacos 6–0 Ionikos in 2002–03, PAOK 6–0 Ionikos in 2022–23
Beta Ethniki / Super League 2
First participation: 1965–66
Total participations: 26
Wins: 299
Draws: 224
Losses: 259
Goals Scored: 925
Goals Conceded: 849
Record Win: Ionikos 8–0 Bizani in 1966–67, Ionikos 8–0 Anagennisi Artas in 1974–75
Record Loss: Vyzas 7–0 Ionikos in 1971–72
Individual records
Appearances
Goals
Crest and Colors
Crest evolution
Original kit
Kit evolution
European record
References
External links
Official website
Rangers – Supporters' club site
Neapolis Public Stadium at stadia.gr
Association football clubs established in 1965
Football clubs in Attica
Football clubs in Piraeus
1965 establishments in Greece
Nikaia-Agios Ioannis Renti
Ionikos Nikaias
Super League Greece 2 clubs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ionikos%20F.C. |
Linder Sterling (born 1954, Liverpool), commonly known as Linder, is a British artist known for her photography, radical feminist photomontage and confrontational performance art. She was also the former front-woman of Manchester based post-punk group Ludus. In 2017, Sterling was honored with the Paul Hamlyn Foundation Award.
For her solo shows at the Hepworth Wakefield and Tate St Ives in 2013, Sterling collaborated with choreographer Kenneth Tindall of Northern Ballet for a performance piece, The Ultimate Form (2013), inspired by the artist's research into the work of Barbara Hepworth.
Recent solo exhibitions include Nottingham Contemporary, Kestnergesellschaft, Musée d'Art Moderne de Paris, and Museum of Modern Art PS1, and Sterling's work has been included in group exhibitions at Tate Modern, Australian Centre for Contemporary Art, Tate Britain, and Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago.
Early life and education
Sterling was born in Manchester to the late Jean and Thomas Mulvey. She was educated at Upholland Grammar School and studied Graphic Design at Manchester Polytechnic from 1974 to 1977.
Work and exhibitions
Sterling's photomontage work was influenced by the punk rock movement; the punk cut-and-paste sensibility provided a vehicle to explore rebellious, gender, commodity critique, and the body. Her collage work was also influenced by the art historical Dadaist heritage, in particular the work of the German artist Hannah Hoch).
In one of her early works, the cover art for the 1977 single release of "Orgasm Addict" by the punk band the Buzzcocks, the collage depicts a naked woman with an iron for a head and grinning mouths instead of nipples. "At this point, men's magazines were either DIY, cars or porn. Women's magazines were fashion or domestic stuff. So, guess the common denominator – the female body. I took the female form from both sets of magazines and made these peculiar jigsaws highlighting these various cultural monstrosities that I felt there were at the time."
Sterling's work has been the subject of numerous international solo exhibitions, including those at the Tate Museum St. Ives, Nottingham Contemporary, Musée d'Art Moderne de Paris, MoMA/P.S.1, Kestnergesellschaft, among others. Her work has been featured in group shows at the Tate Modern, Tate Britain, the Museum of Contemporary Art, Chicago, Australian Centre for Contemporary Art, among other venues.
Sterling's work is represented by Stuart Shave/Modern Art, London and Blum & Poe, Los Angeles.
Public art
In 2018, Sterling was commissioned by Art on the Underground to produce a public art work at Southwark station. The Bower of Bliss, her first large-scale public art piece in London, consisted of an 85-metre long street-level photomontage billboard and a cover commission for the 29th edition of the pocket Tube map. Its launch was marked with a performance art piece in November 2018.
Performance art
The Bower of Bliss, Southwark Underground Station, London, November 2018 for Art on the Underground
Destination Moon. You must not look at her!, Duke of York Steps, London, 2016
Donkey Skin, Art Night, Institute of Contemporary Arts, London, 2016
Children of the Mantic Stain, Leeds Art Gallery, 2015
The Ultimate Form, Salle Matisse, Musée d'art moderne de la ville de Paris, 2013
The Darktown Cakewalk: Celebrated from the House of FAME, produced by Sorcha Dallas for the Glasgow International Festival of Visual Art, Glasgow, 2010
The Darktown Cakewalk: Celebrated from the House of FAME, Chisenhale Gallery, London, 2010
The Working Class Goes To Paradise, Tate Triennial, Tate Britain, London, 2006
Ludus, Hacienda, Manchester, 1982
Ludus (band)
In 1978, Sterling co-founded the post-punk band Ludus, she performed as its singer and front-woman until the band split-up in 1983. She designed many of the group's album covers and sleeves. Ludus' music ranged from post punk to experimental avantgarde jazz to cocktail jazz. Sterling's distinctive vocal quality and techniques (including screaming, unusual sounds and laughter) combined with her lyrics, focused on female desire, alienation, sexual politics and gender roles. The bulk of the band's material was originally released on the indy labels such as New Hormones and Crepuscule.
Publications
Linder''']', published by Ridinghouse 2015
[http://apracticeforeverydaylife.com/projects/linder-femme-objet Femme/Objet'', published by Musée d'Art moderne de la ville de Paris, 2013, on the occasion of Linder's solo exhibition
Linder: Works 1976–2006, (with essays written by Jon Savage, Philip Hoare, Lynne Tillman, Paul Bayley, Andrew Renton and Morrissey), published by JRP|Editions, 2006
Collections
Sterling's work is included in the permanent collection of the Tate Modern Museum, the Museum of Modern Art, among others.
Honours and awards
In 2005 Sterling receive a grant from the Arts Council of England. In 2017, Sterling received the Paul Hamlyn Foundation Award for her creative work. In 2018, she was named the first Artist-in-Residence at Chatsworth House in Derbyshire. Her work during the residency was inspired by the Act of Representation of the People, which gave women over the age of thirty the right to vote.
Personal life
Sterling has a son, Maxwell Sterling. She lives and works in London.
Sterling is a long time friend of The Smiths lead singer, Morrissey, since they met at a Sex Pistols sound check in Manchester in 1976. Sterling was the inspiration for The Smiths' critically acclaimed song "Cemetry Gates."
References
Bibliography
Further reading
An interview with artist Linder Sterling, by Sue Herdman, The Arts Society 26 March 2018
Modernart.net
Ludus
Sorcha Dallas Sorchadallas
3am magazine
Wire-sound.com
1954 births
Living people
Photographers from Manchester
Musicians from Manchester
People educated at Upholland Grammar School
Alumni of Manchester Metropolitan University
English contemporary artists
English feminists
Women punk rock singers
20th-century women artists
21st-century women artists
English women musicians
Artists from Liverpool | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Linder%20Sterling |
Zevenhuizen is a hamlet in the Dutch province of Utrecht. It is a part of the municipality of Bunschoten, and lies about 6 km north of the centre of Amersfoort. The village consists of a single road, the Zevenhuizerstraat.
It was first mentioned in 1469 as Soevenhuysen, and means seven houses. Zevenhuizen is not a statistical entity, and the postal authorities have placed it under Bunschoten-Spakenburg. Since 2012, it has place name signs. In 1840, it was home to 31 people. Nowadays, it consists of about 30 houses.
References
Populated places in Utrecht (province)
Bunschoten | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zevenhuizen%2C%20Utrecht |
Jimmy Conlin (October 14, 1884 – May 7, 1962) was an American character actor who appeared in almost 150 films in his 32-year career.
Career
Conlin was born in Camden, New Jersey in 1884, and his acting career started out in vaudeville, where he and his wife Myrtle Glass played the Keith-Albee-Orpheum circuits billed as "Conlin & Glass," a song-and-dance team. They also starred together in two short films, Sharps and Flats (1928) and Zip! Boom! Bang! (1929) for Vitaphone. These early shorts display Conlin's musical talents, including his impressive skills at the piano. In later years Conlin became strictly a character comedian, with little opportunity to show his vaudeville skills.
Jimmy Conlin made another comedy short without Glass in 1930 (A Tight Squeeze), but his film career started in earnest in 1933, and for the next 27 years, with the single exception of 1951, every year saw the release of at least one film in which Conlin appeared – at the height of his career, often more than a dozen of them. Recognizable by his small size and odd appearance, Conlin played all sorts of small roles and bit parts, many times not receiving an onscreen credit. Today's audiences may remember him as the assistant bartender to W. C. Fields in My Little Chickadee, the collections agent in the Fred Astaire musical Second Chorus, the beggar posing as a blind man in Dick Tracy's Dilemma, and the elderly horse trainer in Rolling Home.
In the 1940s, Conlin was part of Preston Sturges' unofficial "stock company" of character actors, appearing in nine films written and directed by Sturges. His roles in Sturges' films were often sizable and often came with good billing. One of his best performances came in Sturges' The Sin of Harold Diddlebock in 1946, when he played "Wormy", the racetrack tout who convinces Harold Lloyd to have his first drink, setting off the events of the film. The loyalty between Sturges and Conlin ran both ways, and when the former golden boy of Hollywood fell on hard times, Conlin remained a friend, stayed in contact, and helped out in any way he could.
Conlin did not make many television appearances, but he did have a regular role as a bartender on Duffy's Tavern, a syndicated series from 1954. He made his final film in 1959, when he played a habitual criminal in Anatomy of a Murder.
Personal life
Conlin's first wife, Myrtle Glass, died in 1945. They had been married 27 years. He later married the former Dorothy Ryan.
Death
Conlin died at his home in Encino, California on May 7, 1962, at the age of 77.
Selected filmography
Sharps and Flats (1928, Short) - Himself
Grand Slam (1933) - Oscar Smelt (uncredited)
College Humor (1933) - Dr. Mandel
The Last Trail (1933) - Jimmy, Train Passenger (uncredited)
Footlight Parade (1933) - in the"Honeymoon Hotel" number (uncredited)
The Bowery (1933) - Enlistee (uncredited)
Myrt and Marge (1933) - Comedian in Show (uncredited)
Advice to the Lovelorn (1933) - California Booster (uncredited)
Cross Country Cruise (1934) - Sid
City Limits (1934) - Nap
She Learned About Sailors (1934) - Irate Neighbor (uncredited)
365 Nights in Hollywood (1934) - Heeber, Student Actor (uncredited)
The Bride Comes Home (1935) - Len Noble
Rose Marie (1936) - Joe - Piano Player (uncredited)
And Sudden Death (1936) - Mr. Tweets
Rose Bowl (1936) - Browning Hills
The Accusing Finger (1936) - Bill Poster (uncredited)
Arizona Mahoney (1936) - Man in Hay Bill Gag (uncredited)
Find the Witness (1937) - Swifty Mullins (uncredited)
The Man Who Found Himself (1937) - Nosey Watson
Captains Courageous (1937) - Martin (uncredited)
Mountain Music (1937) - Medicine Show Shill (uncredited)
Living on Love (1937) - Man with Monkey (uncredited)
The Adventurous Blonde (1937) - Dr. Bolger
Mannequin (1937) - Elevator Operator (uncredited)
Crashing Hollywood (1938) - Crisby
Blondes at Work (1938) - Coroner (uncredited)
The Big Broadcast of 1938 (1938) - 1st Reporter (uncredited)
He Couldn't Say No (1938) - Ambulance Driver (uncredited)
Over the Wall (1938) - Davis' Handler (uncredited)
Torchy Blane in Panama (1938) - Botkin
Cocoanut Grove (1938) - Motel Proprietor (uncredited)
Prison Farm (1938) - Dave, the Grocer (uncredited)
Smashing the Rackets (1938) - Witness (uncredited)
Broadway Musketeers (1938) - Mr. Hobart Skinner
Hard to Get (1938) - Dour Diner (uncredited)
The Shining Hour (1938) - Man Shaving on Plane (uncredited)
Comet Over Broadway (1938) - Burlesque Comic (uncredited)
Sweethearts (1938) - Properties Man (uncredited)
Idiot's Delight (1939) - Stagehand (uncredited)
Nancy Drew... Reporter (1939) - Newspaper Morgue-Keeper (uncredited)
Torchy Runs for Mayor (1939) - Coroner (uncredited)
No Place to Go (1939) - Rivers
$1000 a Touchdown (1939) - Sheriff (uncredited)
The Amazing Mr. Williams (1939) - Master of Ceremonies (uncredited)
Calling Philo Vance (1940) - Dr. Doremus - Coroner
My Little Chickadee (1940) - Squawk Mulligan - Bartender (uncredited)
Honeymoon Deferred (1940) - Detective (uncredited)
Three Cheers for the Irish (1940) - Riley - Party Guest (uncredited)
King of the Lumberjacks (1940) - Jimmy, the Piano Player (uncredited)
Two Girls on Broadway (1940) - Poem Vendor (uncredited)
Edison, the Man (1940) - Waiter (uncredited)
The Way of All Flesh (1940) - Second Hobo (uncredited)
Florian (1940) - Stock Guard (uncredited)
Wagons Westward (1940) - Jake - Storekeeper (uncredited)
The Great McGinty (1940) - The Lookout - At Felgman's
Charlie Chan at the Wax Museum (1940) - Barker (uncredited)
Angels Over Broadway (1940) - Pawn Shop Proprietor (uncredited)
So You Won't Talk (1940) - Stagehand (uncredited)
Christmas in July (1940) - Arbuster (uncredited)
Friendly Neighbors (1940) - Storekeeper (uncredited)
Second Chorus (1940) - Mr. Dunn
Let's Make Music (1941) - Jim, the Pianist (uncredited)
Ridin' on a Rainbow (1941) - Joe
The Lady Eve (1941) - Second Ship's Waiter (uncredited)
Footlight Fever (1941) - First Furniture Mover (uncredited)
A Shot in the Dark (1941) - Hotel Desk Clerk (uncredited)
Hurry, Charlie, Hurry (1941) - Murphy, the Handyman (uncredited)
Out of the Fog (1941) - Card Game Kibitzer (uncredited)
Unexpected Uncle (1941) - Muriel's Husband (uncredited)
Man at Large (1941) - Stuttering Tenant (uncredited)
The Gay Falcon (1941) - Bartender at Party (uncredited)
New York Town (1941) - Burt the Newsman (uncredited)
Look Who's Laughing (1941) - Brush Salesman (uncredited)
Sullivan's Travels (1941) - Trustee
Call Out the Marines (1942) - Little Man (uncredited)
Obliging Young Lady (1942) - Mr. McIntyre - Linda's Neighbor (uncredited)
Woman of the Year (1942) - Reporter at Bar (uncredited)
The Lady Is Willing (1942) - Bum (uncredited)
The Remarkable Andrew (1942) - Private Henry Bartholomew Smith
Broadway (1942) - Newsman (uncredited)
Private Buckaroo (1942) - Uncle (uncredited)
Are Husbands Necessary? (1942) - Mover (uncredited)
The Palm Beach Story (1942) - Mr. Asweld
The Man in the Trunk (1942) - Debt Collector (uncredited)
The Forest Rangers (1942) - Otto Hanson
Madame Spy (1942) - Winston
Ice-Capades Revue (1942) - Biddle (uncredited)
Calaboose (1943) - Charlie the Drunk (uncredited)
Slightly Dangerous (1943) - Bartender at Opera (uncredited)
Taxi, Mister (1943) - Cassidy, Disgruntled ex-Ballplayer
Jitterbugs (1943) - Barker for Bearded Lady (uncredited)
Hitler's Madman (1943) - Dvorak - the Shopkeeper
Dixie (1943) - Publisher (uncredited)
Petticoat Larceny (1943) - Jitters
This is the Army (1943) - Stage Doorman (uncredited)
Swing Shift Maisie (1943) - Man at Meeting (uncredited)
Old Acquaintance (1943) - Frank - Photographer (uncredited)
The Miracle of Morgan's Creek (1943) - Mayor (uncredited)
Ali Baba and the Forty Thieves (1944) - Little Thief
It Happened Tomorrow (1944) - Man at Boardinghouse (uncredited)
And the Angels Sing (1944) - Messenger (uncredited)
Gambler's Choice (1944) - Nicky (uncredited)
Man from Frisco (1944) - Mayor's Secretary (uncredited)
Hail the Conquering Hero (1944) - Judge Dennis
Summer Storm (1944) - Man Mailing Letter (uncredited)
The Great Moment (1944) - Mr. Burnett, Pharmacist (uncredited)
Lost in a Harem (1944) - Arab Follower (uncredited)
Army Wives (1944) - Stan
The Town Went Wild (1944) - Lemuel Jones, Justice of the Peace
Bring on the Girls (1945) - Justice of the Peace (uncredited)
The Picture of Dorian Gray (1945) - Pub Pianist (uncredited)
It's a Pleasure (1945) - Messenger (uncredited)
G.I. Honeymoon (1945) - Telegram Messenger (uncredited)
Honeymoon Ahead (1945) - Grant (uncredited)
Don Juan Quilligan (1945) - Marriage Bureau Clerk (uncredited)
Penthouse Rhythm (1945) - Justice of the Peace (uncredited)
Fallen Angel (1945) - Walton Hotel Clerk (uncredited)
An Angel Comes to Brooklyn (1945) - Cornelius Terwilliger
Whistle Stop (1946) - Al - the Barber
Two Sisters from Boston (1946) - Grandpa Chandler (uncredited)
Blue Skies (1946) - Jeffrey - Valet (uncredited)
Rolling Home (1946) - Grandpa Crawford
Cross My Heart (1946) - Jury Foreman (uncredited)
It's a Joke, Son! (1947) - Senator Alexander P. Leeds
The Sin of Harold Diddlebock (1947) - Wormy
Dick Tracy's Dilemma (1947) - Sightless
Seven Keys to Baldpate (1947) - Pete the Hermit
The Trouble with Women (1947) - Mr. Pooler (uncredited)
The Hucksters (1947) - Blake - Blue Penguin Inn Proprietor
Mourning Becomes Electra (1947) - Abner Small
Smart Woman (1948) - Miller (uncredited)
Hazard (1948) - Mr. Tilson
Knock on Any Door (1949) - Kid Fingers (uncredited)
Tulsa (1949) - Homer Triplette
Prejudice (1949) - Young Joe
The Inspector General (1949) - Turnkey (uncredited)
The Great Rupert (1950) - Joe Mahoney
Operation Haylift (1950) - Ed North
Sideshow (1950) - Johnny
On Dangerous Ground (1951) - Doc Hyman (uncredited)
The Jazz Singer (1952) - Mr. Demming, Photographer (uncredited)
It Happens Every Thursday (1953) - Matthew
The Seven Little Foys (1954) - Stage Doorman in 1898 Chicago (uncredited)
Anatomy of a Murder (1959) - Clarence Madigan
The 30 Foot Bride of Candy Rock (1959) - Magruder
References
External links
1884 births
1962 deaths
Male actors from New Jersey
American male film actors
Vaudeville performers
Actors from Camden, New Jersey
20th-century American male actors | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jimmy%20Conlin |
Christelle Laura Douibi (born 24 November 1985 in Grenoble) is an Algerian alpine skier at the 2006 Winter Olympics. She dedicated her first race to her deceased father Mohammed. She was also the nation's flag bearer, and the only woman to represent Africa at the 2006 Winter Olympics.
External links
Article on long-shot athletes
1985 births
Living people
Algerian female alpine skiers
Alpine skiers at the 2006 Winter Olympics
Olympic alpine skiers for Algeria
Sportspeople from Grenoble
21st-century Algerian people | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Christelle%20Laura%20Douibi |
{{Infobox person
| name = Lesley Baker
| honorific-suffix =
| image =
| caption = Lesley Baker Publicity Shot
| birth_name =
| birth_date =
| birth_place = Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| other_names =
| occupation =
| known_for = {{bulleted|In Melbourne Tonight (TV series)|Prisoner (TV series) as Monica Ferguson/"Tinker" Bell Peters|Neighbours (TV series) as Angie Rebecchi}}
| years_active = Screen 1969–present, theatre 1963-1981
| spouse =
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}}
Lesley Baker (born 20 January 1944) is an Australian actress, singer, dancer and comedian.
Career
Baker was well known for her early appearances on In Melbourne Tonight with Graham Kennedy. After which she went on to play several roles for Crawford Productions series.
She is best known for her TV soap opera roles including hulking husband basher, Monica Ferguson, in early episodes of Prisoner in 1979, and in 1982, she returned to that series playing a different character of "Tinker" Bell Peters.
She has played the itinerant role of Angie Rebecchi since January 1995, the mother of long-running character, Toadie Rebecchi (Ryan Moloney) in Neighbours, who was also introduced in 1995. The character Angie was originally introduced as a guest character, however, her popularity with viewers saw writers decide to introduce her husband "Big Kev" (Don Bridges), eldest son, Shane (Greg O'Mera), and youngest son, Jared "Toadfish" Rebecchi, to the regular cast. The family moved into Ramsay Street, and joined Kevin Jr "Stonefish" Rebecchi (Anthony Engleman), who was an already established character from 1994. In 1996, Angie, Kev and Stonefish were all written out of Neighbours'', however, both Angie and Stonefish made sporadic appearances over the following years, with Angie appearing in both the original "final episode" in 2022, and the first episodes of the 2023 continuation.
Filmography
References
External links
Interview on Neighbours the Perfect Blend
1944 births
Australian female dancers
Australian film actresses
Australian soap opera actresses
Living people
Actresses from Melbourne
20th-century Australian actresses
20th-century Australian dancers
21st-century Australian actresses
21st-century Australian dancers
20th-century Australian women singers
21st-century Australian women singers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lesley%20Baker |
Eagle Bay Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada which covers 262 hectares of land.
See also
Eagle Bay, British Columbia (Shuswap Country)
References
North Coast of British Columbia
Provincial parks of British Columbia
Year of establishment missing | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eagle%20Bay%20Provincial%20Park |
The 58th Directors Guild of America Awards, honoring the outstanding directorial achievements in films, documentary and television in 2005, were presented on January 28, 2006, at the Hyatt Regency Century Plaza. The ceremony was hosted by Carl Reiner. The nominees in the feature film category were announced on January 5, 2006 and the other nominations were announced starting on January 9, 2006.
The award for Outstanding Directorial Achievement in Reality Programs was first introduced at this ceremony.
Winners and nominees
Film
Television
Commercials
Lifetime Achievement in Feature Film
Clint Eastwood
Lifetime Achievement in Sports Direction
Joseph R. Aceti
Frank Capra Achievement Award
Jerry H. Ziesmer
Franklin J. Schaffner Achievement Award
Donald E. Jacob
References
External links
Directors Guild of America Awards
2005 film awards
2005 guild awards
2005 television awards
2005 in American cinema
2005 in American television
2005 awards in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/58th%20Directors%20Guild%20of%20America%20Awards |
Echo Bay Marine Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, established in 1971 and containing . It is located at the bay of the same name, offshore from the community of the same name, which is the location of the Simoom Sound post office and is on the west side of Gilford Island.
References
Provincial parks of British Columbia
Central Coast of British Columbia
1971 establishments in British Columbia
Protected areas established in 1971
Marine parks of Canada | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echo%20Bay%20Marine%20Provincial%20Park |
E.C. Manning Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada. It is usually referred to as Manning Park, although that nomenclature is also used to refer to the resort and ski area at the park's core. The park covers 83,671 hectares (323 mi2) and was the second most visited provincial park in 2017-18 after Cypress Provincial Park. The park lies along British Columbia Highway 3, and occupies a large amount of land between Hope and Princeton along the Canada-United States border.
History
The earliest human use of the land was by the Coastal Native peoples of British Columbia, who, by travelling the route of the present-day Skyline Trail, accessed the Upper Similkameen Valley. The first European in the area was 1813 and was explored and mapped in 1827 by Archibald McDonald. Access to the area prior to the Great Depression was extremely limited for the lack of any kind of developed roads or trails over the Cascade Mountains other than the Dewdney Trail, far to the north. The earliest form of the park was established in 1931 as the Three Brothers Mountain Reserve to prevent overgrazing, and it eventually became the Three Brothers Game Reserve in 1936. In 1941, the park was formed as Three Brothers Mountain Park, a Class A Provincial Park.
In 1929, the construction of a road through the area was begun as a work project for the unemployed, but it did not get completed. When the Canadian government began to intern Japanese Canadians after the Attack on Pearl Harbor, one camp was formed in the present-day Sunshine Valley, and the workers built the current Hope-Princeton highway, which was completed in 1949. The current route of the Hope-Princeton highway follows the route of the Allison Pass Trail, which was constructed in 1859-1860. During the completion of the highway, great emphasis was put on the relatively new concept of the motoring family. The Parks Branch worked to great lengths to ensure the aesthetic quality of the vistas along the highway were maintained.
The park was named in memory of Ernest Callaway Manning, Chief Forester of British Columbia from 1936 to 1941 (not to be confused with Ernest Charles Manning, Premier of Alberta from 1943 to 1968). Manning was killed in an airplane accident in 1941. During his time as Chief Forester, he was instrumental in developing the idea of setting land aside for future generations to enjoy. It was the teamwork of Manning and Arthur Wellesley Gray, Minister of Lands from 1933 to 1944, that established Tweedsmuir Provincial Park, Hamber Provincial Park, Wells Gray Provincial Park, and E.C. Manning Provincial Park. Over the years, Manning Park has decreased in size, the most noticeable change being the park boundary in the east. Originally, the park included Similkameen Falls, but mine claims and private land ownership have since caused the boundaries to move more than 4 km west.
While the park's ecology and ecosystems remain relatively intact, logging has occurred numerous times throughout the park's history, as parks historically focused more on the visual qualities for the public rather than ecological conservation.
Geography
The terrain in the park, which includes most of the Hozameen Range sub-range of the Canadian Cascades, varies from wet coastal rain forests, to jagged snow-capped peaks, alpine meadows filled with wildflowers, to a chain of small lakes, and broad river beds along the valley floors. A network of trails crosses the park, some of them following routes used by the fur trade and native hunters and traders. The park is best known for its midsummer displays of subalpine flowers, but there are other flora such as at Rhododendron Flats, near the park's western entrance, which has a substantial colony of pinkish-red rhododendrons, a protected indigenous species that blooms in early- to mid-June.
Manning Park Resort
The park contains a resort with a capacity just below one thousand. The resort operator maintains the hotel buildings, restaurants, cabins, chalets, as well as the campgrounds, on contract from the British Columbia Government.
The Resort first opened in the late 1950s with the construction of the Hope-Princeton Highway. The original hotel building was a small motel near the current location of the Pinewoods Restaurant. Initially, the motorist's area was intended only for day use, including a restaurant and gas station, but quickly expanded. In its early years, there was internal debate about whether the core of the park should be more accessible to the general public, or more exclusive to limit access to only the well-educated and wealthy. The quickly rising popularity of the park lead to a focus on the former.
In the 1960s, the province began ski operations in Manning Park, attempting multiple rope-tow setups. The first was located directly across the highway from the restaurant and accessed from Blackwall Road, and the second near the location of the present-day Blue Chairlift. In 1967 and 1970, the Blue and Orange chairlifts opened, respectively. The hill has operated December–March yearly since the early 1960s. Today the resort manages Gibson Pass Ski Area. The resort was operated by the Provincial Government (along with other Ski Resorts in the Province) until 1986, when it and other then-provincially operated hills including Cypress Bowl and Mount Seymour transferred to private operation. A fifty year land use permit was granted for private operations.In 2009, the resort and ski hill entered receivership and, after $4.2 million of debt, announced indefinite closure on April 1, 2013. However, on April 18, the operator of Sunshine Valley RV Resort purchased the hill and resort for an undisclosed amount. The resort operations have now been fully restored. By the summer of 2013, the resort facilities were again fully operational, and the ski hill was fully opened for the 2015-2016 season. In April 2019, Manning Park Resort retired the Orange Chair, and completed construction of a new Doppelmayr quad chairlift named the Bear Chair, and new guest services building.
In the Spring of 2016, the resort began construction on its first expansion in a decade (the last being Loon Lagoon, the resort's indoor pool), with an addition being constructed on the restaurant to cater to the expanding popularity of Manning Park Resort as a wedding venue. As of December 2017, five new large rental cabins were completed to the immediate northwest of the main lodge, and another eight were completed in 2019.
Recreation
The park has a wide range of walking and hiking trails which range anywhere from a 15-minute walk to a 5 or 6 day hike. Lightning Lake is often used for non-motorized watersports, such as canoeing, kayaking, and fishing. Rentals are available at the lake for canoes, rowboats, kayaks and stand-up paddle boards. The best time of the day to go boating in the summer is in the morning before the afternoon winds. The park is home to many campgrounds, including one of the first campgrounds in the provincial system to be both open year-round as well as offer full RV hookup.
The park is the northern terminus of the Pacific Crest Trail and is crossed by the Hope Pass and Dewdney Trail. It is also crossed by the Centennial Trail, a route constructed in 1966 for the centennial anniversary of Canada's confederation.
Location
The park stretches for from portal to portal. The western portal is east of Hope, British Columbia and the eastern portal is west of Princeton, British Columbia. The core area of the park is located east of Hope and 68 km west of Princeton and is less than from the US border.
Wildlife
Manning Park is home to a vast diversity of wildlife species, with over 200 bird species recorded during the Manning Park Bird Blitzes that have taken place since 1983, and a large variety of mammals, including black bears, Mule Deer, Hoary Marmot, Yellow-bellied Marmot, and Columbian ground squirrels. There is also a large diversity of amphibians and reptiles, including the Coastal Tailed Frog, Columbia Spotted Frog, Western Toad, Pacific Treefrog, Long-toed Salamander , all three species of Gartersnake, and Alligator Lizard. Although undocumented, the Rubber Boa, Red-legged Frog, and Cascades Frog may also occur here. Some of the less common species the park aims to protect are the mountain beaver and the wolverine.
Major rivers
Several major rivers originate in passes and meadows within the park. The Skagit River, a major stream that runs into Puget Sound in the state of Washington, originates at the west side of Allison Pass and flows northwest alongside Highway 3 until it reaches its confluence with the Sumallo River at Sumallo Grove, where it turns southwest and exits the park into Skagit Valley Provincial Park. Just under half of the Sumallo River's course is within the park; it enters the park at West Gate, which is near the small town of Sunshine Valley. It too follows Highway 3 within the park, following it southeast to its confluence with the Skagit. The lower reaches of the small Skaist River, often mistakenly called Skaist Creek, are within the park. The Skaist flows into the Skagit directly across the valley from Silverdaisy Mountain.
The Similkameen River, the largest tributary of the Okanagan River, starts on the west slopes of Nicomen Ridge in the northern regions of the park and flows southeast then northeast through the park, following Highway 3 closely until exiting the park at East Gate.
See also
Cathedral Provincial Park and Protected Area
Cascade Recreation Area
North Cascades National Park
Pasayten Wilderness
Eastgate, British Columbia
Gibson Pass Ski Area
Frosty Mountain, highest point in Manning
References
External links
Manning Park Resort Website
Camping, hiking and canoeing in Manning Provincial Park
Manning Park - Lighting Lake
http://hopemountain.org/programs/manning-park-bird-blitz/
Lower Mainland
Provincial parks of British Columbia
Similkameen Country
Canadian Cascades
Ski areas and resorts in British Columbia
1941 establishments in British Columbia
Protected areas established in 1941 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/E.%20C.%20Manning%20Provincial%20Park |
East Pine Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, located east of Chetwynd in the Peace River Block at the junction of the Pine and Murray rivers. The park was established in 1982 and is in size.
See also
Pine River Breaks Provincial Park
References
East Pine Park
BC Parks webpage
Peace River Regional District
Provincial parks of British Columbia
Peace River Country
1982 establishments in British Columbia
Protected areas established in 1982 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East%20Pine%20Provincial%20Park |
Eakin Creek Floodplain Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada located on the North Thompson River near the community of Little Fort.
See also
Eakin Creek Canyon Provincial Park
References
Eakin Creek Floodplain Park
Provincial parks of British Columbia
Thompson Country
Year of establishment missing | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eakin%20Creek%20Floodplain%20Provincial%20Park |
Eakin Creek Canyon Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, located on the west side of the North Thompson River near the community of Little Fort. The park is approximately 10 ha. in size.
See also
Eakin Creek Floodplain Provincial Park
References
"Eakin Creek Canyon Park"
Provincial parks of British Columbia
Thompson Country
Canyons and gorges of British Columbia
Year of establishment missing | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eakin%20Creek%20Canyon%20Provincial%20Park |
The Istrian–Dalmatian exodus (; ; ) was the post-World War II exodus and departure of local ethnic Italians (Istrian Italians and Dalmatian Italians) as well as ethnic Slovenes, Croats, and Istro-Romanians from Yugoslavia. The emigrants, who had lived in the now Yugoslav territories of the Julian March (Karst Region and Istria), Kvarner and Dalmatia, largely went to Italy, but some joined the Italian diaspora in the Americas, Australia and South Africa. These regions were ethnically mixed, with long-established historic Croatian, Italian, and Slovene communities. After World War I, the Kingdom of Italy annexed Istria, Kvarner, the Julian March and parts of Dalmatia including the city of Zadar. At the end of World War II, under the Allies' Treaty of Peace with Italy, the former Italian territories in Istria, Kvarner, the Julian March and Dalmatia were assigned to the nation of Yugoslavia, except for the Province of Trieste. The former territories absorbed into Yugoslavia are part of present-day Croatia and Slovenia.
According to various sources, the exodus is estimated to have amounted to between 230,000 and 350,000 Italians (the others being ethnic Slovenes, Croats, and Istro-Romanians, who chose to maintain Italian citizenship) leaving the areas in the aftermath of the conflict. The exodus started in 1943 and ended completely only in 1960. According to the census organized in Croatia in 2001 and that organized in Slovenia in 2002, the Italians who remained in the former Yugoslavia amounted to 21,894 people (2,258 in Slovenia and 19,636 in Croatia).
Hundreds up to tens of thousands of local ethnic Italians (Istrian Italians and Dalmatian Italians) were killed or summarily executed during World War II by Yugoslav Partisans and OZNA during the first years of the exodus, in what became known as the foibe massacres. From 1947, after the war, Istrian Italians and Dalmatian Italians were subject by Yugoslav authorities to less violent forms of intimidation, such as nationalization, expropriation, and discriminatory taxation, which gave them little option other than emigration.
Overview of the exodus
A Romance-speaking population has existed in Istria since the fall of the Roman Empire, when Istria was fully Latinised. The coastal cities especially had Italian populations, connected to other areas through trade, but the interior was mostly Slavic, especially Croatian.
Istrian Italians were more than 50% of the total population for centuries, while making up about a third of the population in 1900. According to the 1910 Austrian census, out of 404,309 inhabitants in Istria, 168,116 (41.6%) spoke Croatian, 147,416 (36.5%) spoke Italian, 55,365 (13.7%) spoke Slovene, 13,279 (3.3%) spoke German, 882 (0.2%) spoke Romanian, 2,116 (0.5%) spoke other languages and 17,135 (4.2%) were non-citizens, who had not been asked for their language of communication. (Istria at the time included parts of the Karst and Liburnia). So, in the peninsula of Istria before World War I, local ethnic Italians accounted for about a third (36.5%) of the local inhabitants. Furthermore, the nearly complete disappearance of the Dalmatian Italians (there were 92,500 or nearly 33% of the total Dalmatian population in 1803, while now there are only 300) has been related to democide and ethnic cleansing by scholars like R. J. Rummel.
A new wave of Italians, who were not part of the indigenous Venetian-speaking Istrians, arrived between 1918 and 1943. At the time, Primorska and Istria, Rijeka, part of Dalmatia, and the islands of Cres, Lastovo, and Palagruža (and, from 1941 to 1943, Krk) were considered part of Italy. The Kingdom of Italy's 1936 census indicated approximately 230,000 people who listed Italian as their language of communication in what is now the territory of Slovenia and Croatia, then part of the Italian state (ca. 194,000 in today's Croatia and ca. 36,000 in today's Slovenia).
From the end of World War II until 1953, according to various data, between 250,000 and 350,000 people emigrated from these regions. Since the Italian population before World War II numbered 225,000 (150,000 in Istria and the rest in Fiume/Rijeka and Dalmatia), the remainder must have been Slovenes and Croats, if the total was 350,000. According to Matjaž Klemenčič, one-third were Slovenes and Croats who opposed the Communist government in Yugoslavia, but this is disputed. Two-thirds were local ethnic Italians, emigrants who were living permanently in this region on 10 June 1940 and who expressed their wish to obtain Italian citizenship and emigrate to Italy. In Yugoslavia they were called optanti (opting ones) and in Italy were known as esuli (exiles). The emigration of Italians reduced the total population of the region and altered its historical ethnic structure.
In 1953, there were 36,000 declared Italians in Yugoslavia, just 16% of the 225,000 Italians before World War II.
History
Early history
Via conquests, the Republic of Venice, between the 9th century and 1797, extended its dominion to coastal parts of Istria and Dalmatia. Thus Venice invaded and attacked Zadar multiple times, especially devastating the city in 1202 when Venice used the crusaders, on their Fourth Crusade, to lay siege, then ransack, demolish and rob the city, the population fleeing into countryside. Pope Innocent III excommunicated the Venetians and crusaders for attacking a Catholic city. The Venetians used the same Crusade to attack the Dubrovnik Republic, and force it to pay tribute, then continued to sack Christian Orthodox Constantinople where they looted, terrorized, and vandalized the city, killing 2.000 civilians, raping nuns and destroying Christian Churches, with Venice receiving a big portion of the plundered treasures.
The coastal areas and cities of Istria came under Venetian Influence in the 9th century. In 1145, the cities of Pula, Koper and Izola rose against the Republic of Venice but were defeated, and were since further controlled by Venice. On 15 February 1267, Poreč was formally incorporated with the Venetian state. Other coastal towns followed shortly thereafter. The Republic of Venice gradually dominated the whole coastal area of western Istria and the area to Plomin on the eastern part of the peninsula. Dalmatia was first and finally sold to the Republic of Venice in 1409 but Venetian Dalmatia wasn't fully consolidated from 1420.
From the Middle Ages onwards numbers of Slavic people near and on the Adriatic coast were ever increasing, due to their expanding population and due to pressure from the Ottomans pushing them from the south and east. This led to Italic people becoming ever more confined to urban areas, while the countryside was populated by Slavs, with certain isolated exceptions. In particular, the population was divided into urban-coastal communities (mainly Romance speakers) and rural communities (mainly Slavic speakers), with small minorities of Morlachs and Istro-Romanians.
Republic of Venice influenced the neolatins of Istria and Dalmatia until 1797, when it was conquered by Napoleon: Capodistria and Pola were important centers of art and culture during the Italian Renaissance. From the Middle Ages to the 19th century, Italian and Slavic communities in Istria and Dalmatia had lived peacefully side by side because they did not know the national identification, given that they generically defined themselves as "Istrians" and "Dalmatians", of "Romance" or "Slavic" culture.
Austrian Empire
After the fall of Napoleon (1814), Istria, Kvarner and Dalmatia were annexed to the Austrian Empire. Many Istrian Italians and Dalmatian Italians looked with sympathy towards the Risorgimento movement that fought for the unification of Italy. However, after the Third Italian War of Independence (1866), when the Veneto and Friuli regions were ceded by the Austrians to the newly formed Kingdom Italy, Istria and Dalmatia remained part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, together with other Italian-speaking areas on the eastern Adriatic. This triggered the gradual rise of Italian irredentism among many Italians in Istria, Kvarner and Dalmatia, who demanded the unification of the Julian March, Kvarner and Dalmatia with Italy. The Italians in Istria, Kvarner and Dalmatia supported the Italian Risorgimento: as a consequence, the Austrians saw the Italians as enemies and favored the Slav communities of Istria, Kvarner and Dalmatia.
During the meeting of the Council of Ministers of 12 November 1866, Emperor Franz Joseph I of Austria outlined a wide-ranging project aimed at the Germanization or Slavization of the areas of the empire with an Italian presence:
Istrian Italians were more than 50% of the total population of Istria for centuries, while making up about a third of the population in 1900. Dalmatia, especially its maritime cities, once had a substantial local ethnic Italian population (Dalmatian Italians), making up 33% of the total population of Dalmatia in 1803, but this was reduced to 20% in 1816. According to Austrian census, the Dalmatian Italians formed 12.5% of the population in 1865. In the 1910 Austro-Hungarian census, Istria had a population of 57.8% Slavic-speakers (Croat and Slovene), and 38.1% Italian speakers. For the Austrian Kingdom of Dalmatia, (i.e. Dalmatia), the 1910 numbers were 96.2% Slavic speakers and 2.8% Italian speakers. In 1909 the Italian language lost its status as the official language of Dalmatia in favor of Croatian only (previously both languages were recognized): thus Italian could no longer be used in the public and administrative sphere.
World War I and post-War period
In 1915, Italy abrogated its alliance and declared war on the Austro-Hungarian Empire, leading to bloody conflict mainly on the Isonzo and Piave fronts. Britain, France and Russia had been "keen to bring neutral Italy into World War I on their side. However, Italy drove a hard bargain, demanding extensive territorial concessions once the war had been won".
In a deal to bring Italy into the war, under the London Pact, Italy would be allowed to annex not only Italian-speaking Trentino and Trieste, but also German-speaking South Tyrol, Istria (which included large non-Italian communities), and the northern part of Dalmatia including the areas of Zadar (Zara) and Šibenik (Sebenico). Mainly Italian Fiume (present-day Rijeka) was excluded.
After the war, the Treaty of Rapallo between the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later the Kingdom of Yugoslavia) and the Kingdom of Italy (12 November 1920), Italy annexed Zadar in Dalmatia and some minor islands, almost all of Istria along with Trieste, excluding the island of Krk, and part of Kastav commune, which mostly went to the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. By the Treaty of Rome (27 January 1924), the Free State of Fiume (Rijeka) was divided between Italy and Yugoslavia.
Between 31 December 1910, and 1 December 1921, Istria lost 15.1% of its population. The last survey under the Austrian empire recorded 404,309 inhabitants, which dropped to 343,401 by the first Italian census after the war. While the decrease was certainly related to World War I and the changes in political administration, emigration also was a major factor. In the immediate post World War I period, Istria saw an intense migration outflow. Pula, for example, was badly affected by the drastic dismantling of its massive Austrian military and bureaucratic apparatus of more than 20,000 soldiers and security forces, as well as the dismissal of the employees from its naval shipyard. A serious economic crisis in the rest of Italy forced thousands of Croat peasants to move to Yugoslavia, which became the main destination of the Istrian exodus.
Due to a lack of reliable statistics, the true magnitude of Istrian emigration during that period cannot be assessed accurately. Estimates provided by varying sources with different research methods show that about 30,000 Istrians migrated between 1918 and 1921.
Most of them were Austrians, Hungarians and Slavic citizens who used to work for the Austro-Hungarian Empire.
Slavs under Italian Fascist rule
After World War I, under the Treaty of Rapallo between the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes (later Kingdom of Yugoslavia) and the Kingdom of Italy (12 November 1920), Italy obtained almost all of Istria with Trieste, the exception being the island of Krk and part of Kastav commune, which went to the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes. By the Treaty of Rome (27 January 1924) Italy took Rijeka as well, which had been planned to become an independent state.
In these areas, there was a forced policy of Italianization of the population in the 1920s and 1930s. In addition, there were acts of fascist violence not hampered by the authorities, such as the torching of the Narodni dom (National House) in Pula and Trieste carried out at night by Fascists with the connivance of the police (13 July 1920). The situation deteriorated further after the annexation of the Julian March, especially after Benito Mussolini came to power (1922). In March 1923 the prefect of the Julian March prohibited the use of Croatian and Slovene in the administration, whilst their use in law courts was forbidden by Royal decree on 15 October 1925.
The activities of Croatian and Slovenian societies and associations (Sokol, reading rooms, etc.) had already been forbidden during the occupation, but specifically so later with the Law on Associations (1925), the Law on Public Demonstrations (1926) and the Law on Public Order (1926). All Slovenian and Croatian societies and sporting and cultural associations had to cease every activity in line with a decision of provincial fascist secretaries dated 12 June 1927. On a specific order from the prefect of Trieste on 19 November 1928 the Edinost political society was also dissolved. Croatian and Slovenian co-operatives in Istria, which at first were absorbed by the Pula or Trieste Savings Banks, were gradually liquidated.
At the same time, the Kingdom of Yugoslavia attempted a policy of forced Croatisation against the Italian minority in Dalmatia.
The majority of the Italian Dalmatian minority decided to transfer in the Kingdom of Italy.
World War II
Following the Wehrmacht invasion of Yugoslavia (6 April 1941), the Italian zone of occupation was further expanded. Italy annexed large areas of Croatia (including most of coastal Dalmatia) and Slovenia (including its capital Ljubljana).
Helped by the Ustaše, a Croatian fascist movement animated by Catholicism and ultranationalism, the Italian occupation continued its repression of Partisan activities and the killing and imprisonment of thousands of Yugoslav civilians in concentration camps (such as the Rab concentration camp) in the newly annexed provinces. This increased the anti-Italian sentiments of the Slovenian and Croatian subjects of Fascist Italy.
During the Italian occupation until its capitulation in September 1943, the population was subjected to atrocities described by Italian historian Claudio Pavone as "aggressive and violent. Not so much an eye for an eye as a head for an eye"; atrocities were often carried out with the help of the Ustaše.
After World War II, there were large-scale movements of people choosing Italy rather than continuing to live in communist Yugoslavia. In Yugoslavia, the people who left were called optanti, which translates as 'choosers'; they call themselves esuli or exiles. Their motives included fear of reprisals, as well as economic and ethnic persecution.
Events of 1943
When the Fascist regime collapsed in 1943 reprisals against Italian fascists took place. Several hundred Italians were killed by Josip Broz Tito's resistance movement in September 1943; some had been connected to the fascist regime, while others were victims of personal hatred or the attempt of the Partisan resistance to get rid of its real or supposed enemies.
The Foibe massacres
Between 1943 and 1947, the exodus was bolstered by a wave of violence, known as the "Foibe massacres", mainly committed by OZNA and Yugoslav Partisans in Julian March (Karst Region and Istria), Kvarner and Dalmatia, against the local ethnic Italian population (Istrian Italians and Dalmatian Italians), as well against anti-communists in general (even Croats and Slovenes), usually associated with Fascism, Nazism and collaboration with Axis, and against real, potential or presumed opponents of Tito communism. The type of attack was state terrorism, reprisal killings, and ethnic cleansing against Italians.
The mixed Italian-Slovenian Historical Commission, established in 1995 by the two governments to investigate these matters, described the circumstances of the 1945 killings:14. These events were triggered by the atmosphere of settling accounts with the fascists; but, as it seems, they mostly proceeded from a preliminary plan which included several tendencies: endeavors to remove persons and structures who were in one way or another (regardless of their personal responsibility) linked with Fascism, with the Nazi supremacy, with collaboration and with the Italian state, and endeavors to carry out preventive cleansing of real, potential or only alleged opponents of the communist regime, and the annexation of the Julian March to the new SFR Yugoslavia. The initial impulse was instigated by the revolutionary movement, which was changed into a political regime and transformed the charge of national and ideological intolerance between the partisans into violence at the national level.
The Yugoslav partisans intended to kill whoever could oppose or compromise the future annexation of Italian territories: as a preventive purge of real, potential or presumed opponents of Tito communism (Italian, Slovenian and Croatian anti-communists, collaborators and radical nationalists), the Yugoslav partisans also exterminated the native anti-fascist autonomists — including the leadership of Italian anti-fascist partisan organizations and the leaders of Fiume's Autonomist Party, like Mario Blasich and Nevio Skull, who supported local independence from both Italy and Yugoslavia — for example in the city of Fiume, where at least 650 were killed after the entry of the Yugoslav units, without any due trial.
The term refers to the victims who were often thrown alive into foibas (deep natural sinkholes; by extension, it also was applied to the use of mine shafts, etc., to hide the bodies). In a wider or symbolic sense, some authors used the term to apply to all disappearances or killings of Italian people in the territories occupied by Yugoslav forces. They excluded possible 'foibe' killings by other parties or forces. Others included deaths resulting from the forced deportation of Italians, or those who died while trying to flee from these contested lands.
The estimated number of people killed in the foibe is disputed, varying from hundreds to thousands, according to some sources 11,000 or 20,000. The Italian historian, Raoul Pupo estimates 3,000 to 4,000 total victims, across all areas of former Yugoslavia and Italy from 1943 to 1945, with the primary target being military and repressive forces of the Fascist regime, and civilians associated with the regime, including Slavic collaborators. He places the events in the broader context of "the collapse of a structure of power and oppression: that of the fascist state in 1943, that of the Nazi-fascist state of the Adriatic coast in 1945". The foibe massacres were followed by the Istrian–Dalmatian exodus.
The exodus
Economic insecurity, ethnic hatred and the international political context that eventually led to the Iron Curtain resulted in up to 350,000 people, mostly Italians, choosing to leave Istria (and even Dalmatia and northern Julian March).
The exiles were to be given compensation for their loss of property and other indemnity by the Italian state under the terms of the peace treaties, but in the end did not receive anything. The exiles having fled intolerable conditions in their homeland on the promise of aid in the Italian homeland, were herded together in former concentration camps and prisons. Exiles also encountered hostility from those Italians who viewed them as taking away scarce food and jobs. Following the exodus, the areas were settled with Yugoslav people.
In a 1991 interview with the Italian magazine Panorama, prominent Yugoslav political dissident Milovan Đilas claimed to have been dispatched to Istria alongside Edvard Kardelj in 1946, to organize anti-Italian propaganda. He stated it was seen as "necessary to employ all kinds of pressure to persuade Italians to leave", due to their constituting a majority in urban areas. Although he was stripped of his offices in 1954, in 1946 Đilas was a high-ranking Yugoslav politician: a member of the Yugoslav Communist Party's Central Committee, in charge of its department of propaganda.
During the years 1946 and 1947 there was also a counter-exodus. In a gesture of comradeship hundreds of Italians Communists workers from the city of Monfalcone and Trieste, moved to Yugoslavia and more precisely to the shipyards of Rijeka taking the place of the departed Italians. They viewed the new Yugoslavia of Tito as the only place where the building of socialism was possible. They were soon bitterly disappointed. They were accused of deviationism by the Yugoslav Regime and some were deported to concentration camps.
The Italian bishop of the Catholic diocese of Poreč and Pula Raffaele Radossi was replaced by Slovene Mihovil Toroš on 2 July 1947. In September 1946 while Bishop Radossi was in Žbandaj officiating a confirmation local activists surrounded him in a Partisan kolo dance.
Bishop Radossi subsequently moved from the bishop's residence in Poreč to Pula, which was under a joint United Kingdom-United States Allied Administration at the time. He officiated his last confirmation in October 1946 in Filipana where he narrowly avoided an attack by a group of thugs. The Bishop of Rijeka, Ugo Camozzo, also left for Italy on 3 August 1947.
Periods of the exodus
The exodus took place between 1943 and 1960, with the main movements of population having place in the following years:
1943
1945
1947
1954
The first period took place after the surrender of the Italian army and the beginning of the first wave of anti-fascist violence.
The Wehrmacht was engaged in a front-wide retreat from the Yugoslav Partisans, along with the local collaborationist forces (the Ustaše, the Domobranci, the Chetniks, and units of Mussolini's Italian Social Republic).
The first city to see a massive departure of local ethnic Italians was Zadar. Between November 1943 and Zadar was bombed by the Allies, with serious civilian casualties (fatalities recorded range from under 1,000 to as many as 4,000 of over 20,000 city's inhabitants). Many died in carpet bombings. Many landmarks and centuries old works of art were destroyed. A significant number of civilians fled the city.
In late October 1944 the German army and most of the Italian civilian administration abandoned the city. On 31 October 1944, the Partisans seized the city, until then a part of Mussolini's Italian Social Republic. At the start of World War II, Zadar had a population of 24,000 and, by the end of 1944, this had decreased to 6,000. Formally, the city remained under Italian sovereignty until 15 September 1947 but by that date the exodus from the city had been already almost total (Paris Peace Treaties).
A second wave left at the end of the war with the beginning of killings, expropriation and other forms of pressure from the Yugoslavs authorities to establish control.
On 2–3 May 1945, Rijeka was occupied by vanguards of the Yugoslav Army. Here more than 500 collaborators, Italian military and public servants were summarily executed; the leaders of the local Autonomist Party, including Mario Blasich and Nevio Skull, were also murdered. By January 1946, more than 20,000 people had left the province.
After 1945, the departure of the local ethnic Italians was bolstered by events of less violent nature. According to the American historian Pamela Ballinger:After 1945 physical threats generally gave way to subtler forms of intimidation such as the nationalization and confiscation of properties, the interruption of transport services (by both land and sea) to the city of Trieste, the heavy taxation of salaries of those who worked in Zone A and lived in Zone B, the persecution of clergy and teachers, and economic hardship caused by the creation of a special border currency, the Jugolira.
The third part of the exodus took place after the Paris peace treaty, when Istria was assigned to the Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia, except for a small area in the northwest part that formed the independent Free Territory of Trieste. The coastal city of Pula was the site of the large-scale exodus of its Italian population. Between December 1946 and September 1947, Pula almost completely emptied as its residents left all their possessions and "opted" for Italian citizenship. 28,000 of the city's population of 32,000 left. The evacuation of the residents has been organized by Italian civil and Allied military authorities in March 1947, in anticipation of the city's passage from the control of the Allied Military Government for Occupied Territories to the Yugoslav rule, scheduled for September 1947.
The fourth period took place after the Memorandum of Understanding in London. It gave provisional civil administration of Zone A (with Trieste), to Italy, and Zone B to Yugoslavia. Finally, in 1975 the Treaty of Osimo officially divided the former Free Territory of Trieste between Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia and the Italian Republic.
Estimates of the exodus
Several estimates of the exodus by historians:
Vladimir Žerjavić (Croat), 191,421 Italian exiles from Croatian territory.
Nevenka Troha (Slovene), 40,000 Italian and 3,000 Slovene exiles from Slovenian territory.
Raoul Pupo (Italian), about 250,000 Italian exiles
Flaminio Rocchi (Italian), about 350,000 Italian exiles
The mixed Italian-Slovenian Historical Commission verified 27,000 Italian and 3,000 Slovene migrants from Slovenian territory. After decades of silence from the Yugoslav authorities (the history of the Istrian Exodus remained a tabooed topic in Yugoslav public discourse), Tito himself would declare in 1972 during a speech in Montenegro that three hundred thousands Istrians had left the peninsula after the war.
Famous exiles
Those whose families left Istria or Dalmatia in the post-World War II period include:
Alida Valli, film actress
Mario Andretti, racing driver
Lidia Bastianich, chef
Nino Benvenuti, boxer: three times professional world's champion and Olympic gold medalist
Enzo Bettiza, novelist, journalist and politician
Oretta Fiume, actress
Valentino Zeichen, poet and writer
Laura Antonelli, film actress, active 1965 to 1991
Sergio Endrigo, singer and songwriter
Antonio Blasevich, soccer player
Silvio Ballarin, scientist
Dino Ciani, pianist
Giovanni Cucelli, tennis player
Renzo de' Vidovich, politician and journalist
Aldo Duro, lexicographer
Wilma Goich, singer
Irma Gramatica, actress
Ezio Loik, soccer player
Ottavio Missoni, stylist
Anna Maria Mori, writer
Abdon Pamich, walker
Pier Antonio Quarantotti Gambini, writer
Nicolò Rode, sailor
Orlando Sirola, tennis player
Agostino Straulino, sailor
Leo Valiani, politician
Rodolfo Volk, soccer player
Legacy
Property reparation
On 18 February 1983 Yugoslavia and Italy signed a treaty in Rome where Yugoslavia agreed to pay US$110 million for the compensation of the exiles' property which was confiscated after the war in the Zone B of Free Territory of Trieste.
However, the issue of the property reparation is enormously complex and remains unresolved: as of 2022, the exiles have not yet received compensation. Indeed, there is very little probability that exiles out of the Zone B of the Free Territory of Trieste will ever be compensated. The matter of property compensation is included in the program of the Istrian Democratic Assembly, the regional party currently administrating the Istria County.
Minority rights in Yugoslavia
In connection with exodus and during the period of communist Yugoslavia (1945–1991), the equality of ethno-nations and national minorities and how to handle inter-ethnic relations was one of the key questions of Yugoslav internal politics. In November 1943, the federation of Yugoslavia was proclaimed by the second assembly of the Anti-Fascist Council of the National Liberation of Yugoslavia (AVNOJ). The fourth paragraph of the proclamation stated that "Ethnic minorities in Yugoslavia shall be granted all national rights". These principles were codified in the 1946 and 1963 constitutions and reaffirmed again, in great detail, by the last federal constitution of 1974.
It declared that the nations and nationalities should have equal rights (Article 245). It further stated that "… each nationality has the sovereign right freely to use its own language and script, to foster its own culture, to set up organizations for this purpose, and to enjoy other constitutionally guaranteed rights…" (Article 274).
Day of Remembrance
In Italy, Law 92 of 30 March 2004 declared February 10 as a Day of Remembrance dedicated to the memory of the victims of Foibe and the Istrian–Dalmatian exodus. The same law created a special medal to be awarded to relatives of the victims:
Medal of Day of Remembrance to relatives of victims of foibe killings
Historical debate
There is not yet complete agreement amongst historians about the causes and the events triggering the Istrian exodus.
According to the historian Pertti Ahonen:
Motivations behind the emigration are complex. Fear caused by the initial post-war violence (summary killings, confiscations, pressure from the governmental authorities) was a factor. On the Yugoslav side, it does not appear that an official decision for expulsion of Italians in Yugoslavia was ever taken. The actions of the Yugoslav authorities were contradictory: on the one hand, there were efforts to stem the flow of emigrants, such as placement of bureaucratic hurdles for emigration and suppression of its local proponents. On the other hand, Italians were pressured to leave quickly and en masse.
Slovenian historian Darko Darovec writes:
It is clear, however, that at the peace conferences the new State borders were not being drawn using ideological criteria, but on the basis of national considerations. The ideological criteria were then used to convince the national minorities to line up with one or the other side. To this end socio-political organisations with high-sounding names were created, The most important of them being SIAU, the Slavic-Italian Anti-Fascist Union, which by the necessities of the political struggle mobilised the masses in the name of 'democracy'. Anyone who thought differently, or was nationally 'inconsistent', would be subjected to the so-called 'commissions of purification'. The first great success of such a policy in the national field was the massive exodus from Pula, following the coming into effect of the peace treaty with Italy (15 September 1947). Great ideological pressure was exerted also at the time of the clash with the Kominform which caused the emigration of numerous sympathisers of the CP, Italians and others, from Istra and from Zone B of the FTT (Free Territory of Trieste)
For the mixed Italian-Slovenian Historical Commission:
Since the first post-war days, some local activists, who wreaked their anger over the acts of the Istrian Fascists upon the Italian population, had made their intention clear to rid themselves of the Italians who revolted against the new authorities. However, expert findings to-date do not confirm the testimonies of some – although influential – Yugoslav personalities about the intentional expulsion of Italians. Such a plan can be deduced – on the basis of the conduct of the Yugoslav leadership – only after the break with the Informbiro in 1948, when the great majority of the Italian Communists in Zone B – despite the initial cooperation with the Yugoslav authorities, against which more and more reservations were expressed – declared themselves against Tito's Party. Therefore, the people's government abandoned the political orientation towards the "brotherhood of the Slavs and Italians", which within the framework of the Yugoslav socialist state allowed for the existence of the politically and socially purified Italian population that would respect the ideological orientation and the national policy of the regime. The Yugoslav side perceived the departure of Italians from their native land with growing satisfaction, and in its relation to the Italian national community the wavering in the negotiations on the fate of the FTT was more and more clearly reflected. Violence, which flared up again after the 1950 elections and the 1953 Trieste crisis, and the forceful expulsion of unwanted persons were accompanied by measures to close the borders between the two zones. The national composition of Zone B was also altered by the immigration of Yugoslavs to the previously more or less exclusively Italian cities.
The remaining Italians
According to the census organized in Croatia in 2001 and that organized in Slovenia in 2002, the Italians who remained in the former Yugoslavia amounted to 21,894 people (2,258 in Slovenia and 19,636 in Croatia). The number of speakers of Italian is larger if taking into account non-Italians who speak it as a second language.
In addition, since the dissolution of Yugoslavia, a significant portion of the population of Istria opted for a regional declaration in the census instead of a national one. As such, more people have Italian as a first language than those having declared Italian.
The number of people resident in Croatia declaring themselves Italian almost doubled between 1981 and 1991 censuses (i.e. before and after the dissolution of Yugoslavia). The daily newspaper La Voce del Popolo, the main newspaper for Italians of Croatia, is published in Rijeka/Fiume.
Official bilingualism
Italian is co-official with Slovene in four municipalities in the Slovenian portion of Istria: Piran (), Koper (), Izola () and Ankaran (). In many municipalities in the Croatian portion of Istria there are bilingual statutes, and the Italian language is considered to be a co-official language. The proposal to raise Italian to a co-official language, as in the Croatian portion of Istria, has been under discussion for years.
In various municipalities of Croatian Istria, census data shows that significant numbers of Italians still live in Istria, such as 51% of the population of Grožnjan/Grisignana, 37% at Brtonigla/Verteneglio, and nearly 30% in Buje/Buie. In the village there, it is an important section of the "Comunità degli Italiani" in Croatia. Italian is co-official with Croatian in nineteen municipalities in the Croatian portion of Istria: Buje (), Novigrad (), Izola (), Vodnjan (), Poreč (, Pula (, Rovinj (, Umag (, Bale (, Brtonigla (, Fažana (, Grožnjan (), Kaštelir-Labinci (), Ližnjan (), Motovun (), Oprtalj (), Višnjan (), Vižinada () and Vrsar ().
Education and Italian language
Slovenia
Beside Slovene language schools, there are also kindergartens, primary schools, lower secondary schools and upper secondary schools with Italian as the language of instruction in Koper/Capodistria, Izola/Isola and Piran/Pirano. At the state-owned University of Primorska, however, which is also established in the bilingual area, Slovene is the only language of instruction (although the official name of the university includes the Italian version, too).
Croatia
Beside Croat language schools, in Istria there are also kindergartens in Buje/Buie, Brtonigla/Verteneglio, Novigrad/Cittanova, Umag/Umago, Poreč/Parenzo, Vrsar/Orsera, Rovinj/Rovigno, Bale/Valle, Vodnjan/Dignano, Pula/Pola and Labin/Albona, as well as primary schools in Buje/Buie, Brtonigla/Verteneglio, Novigrad/Cittanova, Umag/Umago, Poreč/Parenzo, Vodnjan/Dignano, Rovinj/Rovigno, Bale/Valle and Pula/Pola, as well as lower secondary schools and upper secondary schools in Buje/Buie, Rovinj/Rovigno and Pula/Pola, all with Italian as the language of instruction.
The city of Rijeka/Fiume in the Kvarner/Carnaro region has Italian kindergartens and elementary schools, and there is an Italian Secondary School in Rijeka. The town of Mali Lošinj/Lussinpiccolo in the Kvarner/Carnaro region has an Italian kindergarten.
In Zadar, in Dalmatia/Dalmazia region, the local Community of Italians has requested the creation of an Italian asylum since 2009. After considerable government opposition, with the imposition of a national filter that imposed the obligation to possess Italian citizenship for registration, in the end in 2013 it was opened hosting the first 25 children. This kindergarten is the first Italian educational institution opened in Dalmatia after the closure of the last Italian school, which operated there until 1953.
Since 2017, a Croatian primary school has been offering the study of the Italian language as a foreign language. Italian courses have also been activated in a secondary school and at the faculty of literature and philosophy.
See also
Foibe massacres
National Memorial Day of the Exiles and Foibe
Free Territory of Trieste
World War II in Yugoslavia
Italian Social Republic
Istria
Italian language in Croatia
Italian language in Slovenia
Dalmatia
Italianization
Croatisation
Flight and expulsion of Germans (1944–50)
Ethnic cleansing in the Bosnian War
Niçard exodus
References
Bibliography
A Brief History of Istria by Darko Darovec
Raoul Pupo, Il lungo esodo. Istria: le persecuzioni, le foibe, l'esilio, Rizzoli, 2005. .
Raoul Pupo and Roberto Spazzali, Foibe, Mondadori, 2003. .
Guido Rumici, Infoibati, Mursia, Milano, 2002. .
Arrigo Petacco, L'esodo. La tragedia negata degli italiani d'Istria, Dalmazia e Venezia Giulia, Mondadori, Milano, 1999. English translation.
Marco Girardo, Sopravvissuti e dimenticati: il dramma delle foibe e l'esodo dei giuliano-dalmati. Paoline, 2006.
Further reading
Pamela Ballinger, "The Politics of the Past: Redefining Insecurity along the 'World's Most Open Border'"
Matjaž Klemenčič, "The Effects of the Dissolution of Yugoslavia on Minority Rights: the Italian Minority in Post-Yugoslav Slovenia and Croatia"
Site of an association of Italian exiles from Istria and Dalmatia
Slovene-Italian Relations 1880–1956 Report 2000
Relazioni Italo-Slovene 1880–1956 Relazione 2000
Slovensko-italijanski odnosi 1880–1956 Poročilo 2000
Italians mark war massacre
Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia
Italians of Croatia
20th century in Croatia
Modern history of Italy
Contemporary history of Slovenia
Italy–Yugoslavia relations
History of Istria
Croatia–Italy relations
Italy–Slovenia relations
Post–World War II forced migrations
Anti-Italian sentiment
Aftermath of World War II in Yugoslavia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Istrian%E2%80%93Dalmatian%20exodus |
Evanoff Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada.
Geography
The park is situated in the McGregor Range, a sub-range of the McGregor Plateau. This park protects one of the most remarkable caves, the nationally significant Fang Cave complex, which includes the ninth longest cave in Canada. Other caves include the Tooth Decave and Window on the West.
The park also provides a scenic, easily accessible destination for backcountry recreation. It includes picturesque alpine bowls, three small alpine lakes, and distinctive limestone pinnacles and ridges. Two separate trails, the Fang Trail and Torpy Trail provide access to small alpine basins, with a connection over Fang Mountain. The Torpy Trail continues outside the park to Torpy Mountain.
See also
Close To The Edge Provincial Park and Protected Area
References
Regional District of Fraser-Fort George
Provincial parks of British Columbia
Year of establishment missing | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Evanoff%20Provincial%20Park |
Exchamsiks River Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, located in the Range 5 Coast Land District, on the north side of the Skeena River between Terrace and Prince Rupert. The park's chief conservation role focuses on protecting one of the last known unlogged old-growth maritime coastal Sitka spruce-salmonberry ecosystems.
Activities
Vast swaths of coastal Sitka spruce rainforest rise where the Exchamsiks and Skeena River meet. It is through wilderness such as this that visitors pass if they take the trail. Most of the trails in the park are easily navigable and require no expert guidance. There are areas on the two rivers of the park where fishing enthusiasts can go after salmon.
The park has two day-use areas. The first one, located on the Exchamsiks's west side, affords a boat launch area, open year-round. The other is on the east side of the Exchamsiks, and mostly consists of trails that meander in and out of the forest. Camping is prohibited in the Exchamsiks River Provincial Park.
References
Provincial parks of British Columbia
Skeena Country
Year of establishment missing
Range 5 Coast Land District
North Coast of British Columbia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Exchamsiks%20River%20Provincial%20Park |
Ethel F. Wilson Memorial Provincial Park is a provincial park in central British Columbia, Canada. The park is situated on the northern tip of Pinkut Lake. Activities in the park include rainbow trout fishing and boating. The park has five campsites that are allocated on a first-come first-served basis. The area of the park is 33 hectares.
References
Provincial parks of British Columbia
Regional District of Bulkley-Nechako
Year of establishment missing | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ethel%20F.%20Wilson%20Memorial%20Provincial%20Park |
Eskers Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada. The park comprises roughly and was created in 1987. Located west of Nukko Lake, which lies northwest of the city of Prince George, it protects an area of the Stuart River Eskers Complex. Eskers are winding ridges of gravel formed by the glaciers which once covered the British Columbia Interior.
References
BC Parks - Eskers Provincial Park
Provincial parks of British Columbia
1987 establishments in British Columbia
Protected areas established in 1987 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eskers%20Provincial%20Park |
A Java processor is the implementation of the Java virtual machine (JVM) in hardware. In other words, the Java bytecode that makes up the instruction set of the abstract machine becomes the instruction set of a concrete machine. These were the most popular form of a high-level language computer architecture, and were "an attractive choice for building embedded and real-time systems that are programmed in Java". However, as of 2017, embedded Java is "pretty much dead" and no realtime Java chip vendors exist.
Implementations
There are several research Java processors tested on FPGA, including:
picoJava was the first attempt to build a Java processor, by Sun Microsystems. Its successor picoJava-II was freely available under the Sun Community Source License, and is still available from some archives.
provides hardware support for object-oriented functions
Java Optimized Processor for FPGAs. A PhD thesis is available, and it has been used in several commercial applications. In 2019 it was extended to be energy aware (EAJOP).
Some commercial implementations included:
The aJile processor was the most successful ASIC Java processor.
Cjip from Imsys Technologies. Available on boards and with wireless radios from AVIDwireless
ARM926EJ-S is an ARM processor able to run Java bytecode, this technology being named Jazelle
See also
Java Card
References
Java virtual machine
High-level language computer architecture | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java%20processor |
Erie Creek Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, about 15 hectares in size. It is a protected area because of the wildlife it hosts.
References
Provincial parks of British Columbia
Regional District of Central Kootenay
Year of establishment missing | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erie%20Creek%20Provincial%20Park |
Erg Mountain Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada.
The park is spread over an area of 1,011 hectares. In its interior parts, starting from the slopes of the valley above the Upper Fraser Trench, the park consists of cedar hemlock forests. From these forests, the park continues on to higher altitudes, reaching the sub-alpine and alpine areas near the Erg Mountain. This mountain, which is an old hiking destination, is known for the magnificent vistas it offers of the Upper Fraser Valley along with the mountain range in the vicinity. When the weather is clear, the prominent Mount Sir Alexander is visible.
References
Regional District of Fraser-Fort George
Provincial parks of British Columbia
Year of establishment missing | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Erg%20Mountain%20Provincial%20Park |
Epsom Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, located west of Ashcroft around Oregon Jack Hill.
References
See also
Oregon Jack Provincial Park
Provincial parks of British Columbia
Thompson Country
Year of establishment missing | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epsom%20Provincial%20Park |
Epper Passage Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, located on the north side of Vargas Island in the Clayoquot Sound region of the West Coast of Vancouver Island. Also on Vargas Island is Vargas Island Provincial Park. Other provincial parks nearby are Flores Island Marine Provincial Park, Gibson Marine Provincial Park, Maquinna Marine Provincial Park, Sydney Inlet Provincial Park, Dawley Passage Provincial Park and Hesquiat Peninsula Provincial Park. The park was created as part of the Clayoquot Land-Use Decision on July 13, 1995, and contains approximately .
See also
Pacific Rim National Park
References
BC Parks infopage
Clayoquot Sound region
Provincial parks of British Columbia
1995 establishments in British Columbia
Protected areas established in 1995 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epper%20Passage%20Provincial%20Park |
Entiako Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, located on the south flank of the Nechako River watercourse .
History
In 1956, the boundaries of Tweedsmuir Provincial Park were revised so that the area of what is now Entiako Provincial Park could be opened up for resource extraction.
In 1991, the province initiated the Entiako Land and Resource Use Plan in order to address conflict between forestry interests and the need to preserve critical winter habitat for caribou. After 2 years, management of the area was taken on by the newly initiated Vanderhoof Land and Resource Management Plan (LRMP) and the Lakes Land and Resource Management Plan (LRMP).
About 48,261 hectares of land under the Vanderhoof LRMP was designated a Class A Park in 1999, while about 73,268 hectares of land under the Lakes LRMP was designated a protected area in 2001 pending finalization of an ecosystem management plan.
References
External links
Provincial parks of British Columbia
Nechako Country
1999 establishments in British Columbia
Protected areas established in 1999 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Entiako%20Provincial%20Park |
Echo Lake Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, located south-east of Lumby in the Okanagan Highlands, to the south of BC Highway 6.
See also
List of British Columbia Provincial Parks
References
BC Parks infopage
Provincial parks of British Columbia
1956 establishments in British Columbia
Protected areas established in 1956
Osoyoos Division Yale Land District | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Echo%20Lake%20Provincial%20Park |
Ed Bird – Estella Lakes Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada.
History and conservation
This park was traditionally used by First Nations people.
Before becoming a provincial park on April 11, 2001, it was a forest recreation site and was later made into a protected area.
Recreation
Hunting, fishing, and snowmobiling are allowed within the park grounds.
Location
Located 67 km south of Fort Ware, British Columbia on the Russel Forestry Service Road. The closest community is Mackenzie, British Columbia.
Size
The park is 55.87 square kilometres in size.
References
External links
Ed Bird – Estella Lakes Provincial Park
Peace River Regional District
Provincial parks of British Columbia
2001 establishments in British Columbia
Protected areas established in 2001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed%20Bird%20%E2%80%93%20Estella%20Lakes%20Provincial%20Park |
Edge Hills Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, located west of the town of Clinton. The Edge Hills flank the wall of the Fraser Canyon north of Moran Canyon and form a small fore-range between the river and the higher Marble Range just east. Access to the Edge Hills is via the Jesmond Road, which cuts north off the Pavilion Mountain Road at Kelly Lake. A spur road from the Jesmond Road west goes to an overlook atop the Edge Hills, known as Cougar Point.
Edge Hills Provincial Park is renowned for the spectacular sights of river canyons, forests, and grasslands. This diversity in landscape and vegetation is home to numerous wildlife species.
Edge Hills Provincial Park is undeveloped. The wildlife in the park flourishes in part because of this. Although the park offers hiking, horseback riding and wildlife viewing opportunities, most of the trails are unmarked and not maintained. Visitors have more facilities for camping in the nearby parks such as Big Bar Lake, Downing, and Green Lake Provincial Parks.
References
See also
Marble Range Provincial Park
Kostering, British Columbia
Jesmond, British Columbia
Big Bar, British Columbia
Provincial parks of British Columbia
Fraser Canyon
Geography of the Cariboo
Year of establishment missing | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edge%20Hills%20Provincial%20Park |
Elephant Hill Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, protecting Elephant Hill, a prominent landmark adjacent to the Trans-Canada Highway at the cut-off for the town of Ashcroft, a few miles south of the town of Cache Creek. The park is approximately 968 hectares in area.
References
BANISH listing "Elephant Hill Park"
BC Parks webpage "Elephant Hill Provincial Park"
Provincial parks of British Columbia
Thompson Country
Year of establishment missing | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elephant%20Hill%20Provincial%20Park |
Elk Falls Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada. It is in size and is located at the east end of John Hart Lake on the northwest side of the city of Campbell River, on Vancouver Island.
The Park was established in 1940 to protect the waterfall and canyon. In 1947, the John Hart Dam and Generating Station was completed, followed by two other dams upstream, Strathcona and Ladore. Most of the water that used to flow over the falls is now diverted for power production. A suspension bridge over the canyon was completed in 2015, and provides a good view of Elk Falls.
References
External links
John Hart Dam
Provincial parks of British Columbia
Mid Vancouver Island
Waterfalls of British Columbia
1940 establishments in British Columbia
Protected areas established in 1940 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elk%20Falls%20Provincial%20Park |
Elk Lakes Provincial Park is a provincial park in southeastern British Columbia, Canada, located west of the continental divide (the British Columbia/Alberta border). It is located adjacent to Height of the Rockies Provincial Park and is about 104 kilometers north of Sparwood. The park features sub-alpine landscapes, remnant glaciers, rugged peaks and productive lakes. Much of the park is above treeline and features several prominent mountains including Mount Fox, Mount Aosta, Mount McCuaig, and Mount Elkan. The Petain, Castelnau, Nivelle, and Elk Glaciers lie on the northeastern edge of the park. The following lakes are also present inside park boundaries: Upper and Lower Elk Lake, Frozen Lake, Fox Lake, Cadorna Lake, and Abruzzi Lake.
Below the treeline, the park features mature growth forests of alpine fir, Engelmann spruce, and lodgepole pine. These trees are also intermingled with juniper, twinberry, false azalea, white rhododendron, and buffalo berry. The wildlife of the area includes Beaver, Snowshoe Hare, Red Squirrel, white-tailed deer, moose, and many varieties of birds.
See also
Continental Ranges
References
External links
Provincial parks of British Columbia
Parks in the Regional District of East Kootenay
Elk Valley (British Columbia)
1995 establishments in British Columbia
Protected areas established in 1995 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elk%20Lakes%20Provincial%20Park |
Elk Valley Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada. It covers an area of 81 hectares and is located about 18 kilometres north of Fernie. It is not identified by any formal provincial park signage; rather it is signed by the Ministry of Transportation as the "Olson Rest Area".
Mining
Elk Valley Provincial Park is very close to Elk Valley (British Columbia), which has metallurgical coal.
References
External links
BC Parks: Elk Valley Provincial Park
BC Geographical Names: Elk Valley Park
Provincial parks of British Columbia
Parks in the Regional District of East Kootenay
Year of establishment missing | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Elk%20Valley%20Provincial%20Park |
Ellison Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, located on the east side of Okanagan Lake to the south of the city of Vernon. The park contains approximately of land, 200 ha. of it upland, 19 ha. of it foreshore.
Name origin
The park is named for Price Ellison (1852–1932), who emigrated to British Columbia in 1876 from Manchester, settling in this area and engaging in stock raising and wheat growing. A provincial MLA from 1898 to 1916, he was appointed to cabinet posts in the government of Sir Richard McBride - Commissioner of Lands, 1909, and Minister of Finance and Agriculture, 1910.
External links
British Columbia outdoor community
References
Provincial parks in the Okanagan
Provincial parks of British Columbia
1962 establishments in British Columbia
Protected areas established in 1962
Osoyoos Division Yale Land District | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ellison%20Provincial%20Park |
Emar Lakes Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada.
References
Provincial parks of British Columbia
Geography of the Cariboo
Bonaparte Country
1996 establishments in British Columbia
Protected areas established in 1966 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emar%20Lakes%20Provincial%20Park |
Emory Creek Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, located on the west side of the Fraser River just south of the town of Yale. It commemorates the location of a large boomtown, variously known as Emory, Emory Bar or Emory City, that first rose during the Fraser Canyon Gold Rush but became a major construction town during the building of the Canadian Pacific Railway in the 1880s.
Emory Creek in 1858 was a tent and shack camp, established by miners in search of gold. When it became evident that the gold was not available in the amounts estimated, the miners started moving north on the Fraser River. A few Chinese remained in the area. The area came into the hands of a man named Walker, who felt Emory Creek would become the head of riverboat navigation on the Fraser. Eventually, he sold the land to the Oppenheimer Brothers in early 1879. In the fall of 1879, Emory was chosen by the C.P.R. as the western terminus. In a short time it became Emory Creek. The town consisted of thirteen streets with its own newspaper, various shops, a brewery, nine saloons and a sawmill. When Yale was made the terminus, Emory was all but abandoned by 1885, with the completion of the railway. Today, it is an easily accessible treed campground with paved roads and flush outhouses.
See also
List of ghost towns in British Columbia
References
Fraser Canyon
Provincial parks of British Columbia
Ghost towns in British Columbia
Gold rushes
1956 establishments in British Columbia
Protected areas established in 1956 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emory%20Creek%20Provincial%20Park |
Eneas Lakes Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, located west of the town of Peachland, to the south of Peachland Creek. The park is approximately 1036 ha. in size and was established in 1968. The Eneas Lakes lie at the head of Finlay Creek.
References
Provincial parks of British Columbia
Provincial parks in the Okanagan
1968 establishments in British Columbia
Protected areas established in 1968
Osoyoos Division Yale Land District | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eneas%20Lakes%20Provincial%20Park |
English Lake Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada. Located near Revelstoke, British Columbia, English Lake Provincial Park has an area of 337 hectares.
References
Columbia Country
Provincial parks of British Columbia
Monashee Mountains
Year of establishment missing | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/English%20Lake%20Provincial%20Park |
Englishman River Falls Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada. It is located west of Parksville and borders the small community of Errington on Vancouver Island.
Features
Short year round access hiking trails and bridges access both upper and lower falls on the Englishman River. In 2019 new trails were under development in partnership with a community group. The base of the falls is a popular swimming hole with 15 to 20 ft cliff jumping. Salmon spawning can be observed in season.
The campground has 107 sites, most of which are vehicle access and can be reserved during summer. There is a large day use area. The park covers 97 hectares and includes old-growth and second growth Douglas fir, cedar, hemlock and maple forest surroundings.
A First Nations legend mentions the skeleton of a white man found near the falls, hence its name.
Nearby
The Englishman River Regional Park and a city part can be found nearby along the same river.
See also
List of British Columbia Provincial Parks
Mount Arrowsmith Biosphere Region
References
External links
BC Parks brochure
Regional District of Nanaimo
Provincial parks of British Columbia
Mid Vancouver Island
Waterfalls of British Columbia
Canyons and gorges of British Columbia
1940 establishments in British Columbia
Protected areas established in 1940 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Englishman%20River%20Falls%20Provincial%20Park |
Alex Antor Seignourel (born 1 April 1979) is an Andorran alpine skier. He represented Andorra at the 2002 and 2006 Winter Olympics. He was their flag bearer in the 2006 Opening Ceremonies.
Notes
References
External links
1979 births
Living people
Andorran male alpine skiers
Olympic alpine skiers for Andorra
Alpine skiers at the 2002 Winter Olympics
Alpine skiers at the 2006 Winter Olympics | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alex%20Antor |
Iraklis F.C. () is a Greek professional football club based in the city of Thessaloniki, Macedonia, Greece. As of 2021, the club competes in the Super League Greece 2. It plays its home matches at Kaftanzoglio Stadium.
Founded in 1908 as "Macedonikos Gymnasticos Syllogos" (Macedonian Gymnastics Club), they are one of the oldest in Greek football and the oldest in Thessaloniki, hence the nickname Ghireos (meaning the Elder). A year later, the name "Iraklis" (Heracles) was added to the club's name as an honour to the ancient Greek hero Heracles (or Hercules as the Roman equivalent). The team's colours are cyan or blue and white, inspired by the Greek flag. Iraklis is a founding member of Macedonia Football Clubs Association, as well as the Hellenic Football Federation, as a part of G.S. Iraklis Thessaloniki.
Before the formation of the nationwide league of Alpha Ethniki, Iraklis competed in the league that was run by the Macedonia Football Clubs Association, winning it on no less than five occasions. The club has also played in five Greek Cup finals, lifting the trophy once in the 1976 final, which is the club's only domestic trophy. They have also an international title, as they won the Balkans Cup in 1985.
History
Foundation and first years (1899–1914)
Iraklis traced its roots back in 1899 when Omilos Filomouson (meaning Friends of Music Club) was established. The club was established as a cultural union of the Greeks of Thessaloniki, but in 1902 it founded a sports department. Football was a new sport at the time, but rapidly increasing in popularity and thus the board of directors decided to line up a football team. The first match that was held by the Omilos Filomouson football team was on 23 April 1905, against a team of the Western European diaspora of the city called Union Sportive. Omilos Filomouson won the match by a 3–0 scoreline.
Later on, the club faced financial problems, but members of the club joined forces with another Greek athletic club of the city, called Olympia. The result of this union was the foundation of a new club on 29 November 1908, called Makedonikos Gymnastikos Syllogos (meaning Macedonian Gymnastics Club), that gained a permission to operate by the Ottoman authorities. The new club's first president was a Greek doctor, Alkiviadis Maltos. The name of the club had a direct reference to the ethnic tensions that took place in the area at that time.
Due to the Young Turks' revolt of 1908 and their promises for ease of ethnic tensions in the area, the club was forced to change its name. Thus a new name was decided for the club, Ottomanikos Ellinikos Gymnastikos Syllogos Thessalonikis "Iraklis" (meaning Ottoman Greek Gymnastics Club of Thessaloniki "Iraklis"). The new name was approved, together with a new statute and a new board of directors, by a general assembly of the club on 13 April 1911. After the integration of Thessaloniki in the Kingdom of Greece, the operation of the club was accepted by the Greek courts in 1914 and on 11 January 1915 Iraklis became a fully registered sports club.
National establishment and early success (1914–1959)
Shortly after the end of the Second Balkan War, Iraklis together with the three Jewish football clubs of the city, Progrès Sportive, Alliance and French-German School Alumni Union organised the first Thessaloniki Football Championship in January and February 1914. Iraklis won Alliance 3–1, Progrès Sportive 5–1 and after winning the French-German School Alumni Union, the club was proclaimed Champion of Thessaloniki. On 6 April 1914, Iraklis played a match against Athinaikos Syllogos Podosfairou, that ended as a draw. It was the club's first match against a club outside Thessaloniki. In 1914, Iraklis established the club's youth squad, so the students of the Greek Gymnasium of the city could train in football. A year later Iraklis won the second Thessaloniki Football Championship. The next championship was not held due to World War I.
In the years following World War I, several football clubs were established in Thessaloniki and that led to the establishment of the Macedonia Football Clubs Association in 1923. The first championship from the newly founded association was organised shortly afterwards and Iraklis lost in the tournament's final 4–1 from Aris. In 1924 Iraklis played its first match against a club from outside the borders of Greece. It was a match against Yugoslav club SSK Skopje, a contest that ended 2–1 in favour of Iraklis. It was in that same year that Iraklis played its first match abroad, a 3–0 friendly win against SK Bitola. In 1926 the club appointed Hungarian Joseph Sveg as manager, the first ever foreign manager in Greece. Under Sveg's guidance, Iraklis won the Championship organised by the Macedonia Football Clubs Association in 1926–27. By winning 6–0 against the reigning champion of West Macedonia Ermis Shorovich and the champion of East Macedonia and Thrace Rodopi, Iraklis was proclaimed Champion of Macedonia and Thrace. In the following years, Iraklis did not have any success finishing in runner up and even lower positions in the Macedonia Football Clubs Association Championship.
In the 1933–34 season Iraklis won the Northern Group of the National Championship qualifying for the championship final, where the club had to compete against the champion of the Southern group Olympiacos. The first leg was played in Iraklis Ground on 10 June 1934. Although Iraklis took a 2–0 lead at half time, Olympiacos managed to make a comeback in the second half, winning the game by a 2–3 scoreline. The second leg was played a week later in Piraeus and Olympiacos was proclaimed National champion by winning this match 2–1.
In the following years Iraklis faced mid table mediocrity, with the exception of the 1936–37 season, when the club was only one point short to Macedonia Football Clubs Association champions PAOK. The 1938–39 season was a successful one for Iraklis, as it won both the Macedonia Football Clubs Association championship and the Northern Group of the National Championship, the second resulting in the qualification of Iraklis in the National final. In the national final Iraklis lost to AEK both away and at home (1–3 and 2–4 respectively), failing to win the silverware. In the following season Iraklis celebrated its consecutive win in the Macedonia Football Clubs Association Championship but failed to qualify for the National final.
All club football in Greece was suspended from 1941 to 1945 due to the German occupation of the country. After the war period, the club was constantly competing with Aris for the Thessaloniki championship, which gave upon its winner the right to participate in the Greek championship. Iraklis participated in the 1947 Greek Cup final, where was defeated 5–0 by the dominant Greek team of that era, Olympiacos. In the 1950s, the team solidified its position among the top teams in Greece along with Olympiacos, AEK Athens, Panathinaikos, Aris and PAOK. Nevertheless, the club struggled with financial difficulties in an ailing Greek economy. Thessaloniki (where many refugees from the Greco-Turkish War of 1919–1922 had settled) was particularly damaged by the economic downturn. The highlight of the decade was the 1957 Greek Cup final, in which Iraklis was once again defeated by Olympiacos, 2–0.
Semi-professional Alpha Ethniki era (1959–1975)
Iraklis played in the inaugural season of A' Ethniki. The club secured the 10th position in the first season of national top tier of Greece. Iraklis football academy was founded during the same season after the suggestion of club manager Panos Markovic. In the 1960–61 season Iraklis finished 8th and achieved a record 4–0 win against Atromitos Piraeus. The club also reached the Greek Cup semi-finals that season, getting eliminated by Panionios. The following two seasons Iraklis played in the Inter-Cities Fairs Cup, getting eliminated both times, by F.K. Vojvodina and Real Zaragoza respectively. In the league, Iraklis secured the 6th position for the 1961–62 season, a club record at the time. The rest of the 1960s, Iraklis secured mid-table positions repeating the club record in the 1969–70 season. In 1965, Kostas Aidiniou, a player that together with fellow Greek international Zacharias Chaliabalias would lead the club for the following decade, debuted for Iraklis. During the 1968–69 season Iraklis matched its record win as it won AEL Limassol by a 4–0 margin.
In the 1970–71 season Iraklis, under the guidance of Yugoslav manager Ljubiša Spajić, finished 5th in the league, the club's best positioning since the establishment of Alpha Ethniki. In that season, Iraklis sold 45,634 tickets in a 1–0 home win against Panathinaikos, a club record since today and an Alpha Ethniki record at the time. The following for seasons, Iraklis achieved safe mid-table positions. In 1972, Iraklis signed Dimitris Gesios from Kozani, a player that would become the club's all-time league top-scorer. In the 1973–74 season Iraklis broke its biggest win record in Alpha Ethniki, by beating AEL 6–1. On 29 August 1974, Iraklis sold its star player Aidiniou to Olympiacos for 11,000,000 drachmas. In the next season Iraklis beat Kalamata 5–0 at home to match its record win and finished 8th in the league. The club also reached the semi-final of that season's Cup. Iraklis was eliminated 1–2 by Panathinaikos at home. After the match, three players of Iraklis, Chaliabalias, Rokidis and Nikoloudis revealed that there was an attempt from Panathinaikos officials to bribe them for the semi-final. The two first were driven out of the club while the latter was sent off the club for six months.
The Absolute Star: Vassilis Hatzipanagis era (1975–1990)
On 22 November 1975, the club acquired Vassilis Hatzipanagis, a USSR national of Greek descent, who was late voted a Greece's Golden player for UEFA Jubilee Awards. In the 1975–76 Greek Cup competition Iraklis eliminated Veria, Pierikos, Trikala and Panetolikos to reach the semi-finals. In the semi-finals Iraklis beat Panathinaikos 3–2, at home. Panathinaikos appealed against the result claiming the Iraklis' winning goal came from an offside position. Finally the courts turned down Panathinaikos' appeal and Iraklis qualified to the final to face Olympiacos. On 9 June 1976 Iraklis won the Cup after a 6–5 penalty shootout. In the final Hatzipanagis scored twice, Kousoulakis and Gesios scored once each, in a match that ended 2–2 in full-time and 4–4 in extra-time. In the league Iraklis finished in the 8th position led by Gesios and Hatzipanagis, that scored 9 and 6 goals respectively.
In the next season Iraklis was eliminated from Cypriot club APOEL in the Cup Winners' Cup and struggled in the league finishing in the 12th position, gathering just one point more from relegated Panetolikos. Iraklis improved slightly in the next season ending up ninth in the league with Gesios achieving a personal best scoring 13 goals. The 1978–1979 season the club improved greatly under the guidance of Antoni Brzeżańczyk. Iraklis finished sixth in the league, had a positive goal aggregate for the first time since the 1973–74 season and achieved the club's biggest victory in Alpha Ethniki by beating Rodos by an 8–1 margin.
The 1979–80 season was the first season of fully professional football in Greece. Iraklis finished in the 8th position in the league having his best goal difference since the establishment of Alpha Ethniki with +11. The highlight of the season was a 6–0 against title perennial contenders Panathinaikos, which is Panathinaikos' biggest league defeat to date. In the Greek Cup competition of the season Iraklis eliminated Veria, Niki Volos, Almopos Aridaea and Panarkadikos to reach the semi-finals. In the semi-finals Iraklis eliminated PAOK, but the club's chairman was accused for a bribe attempt by PAOK's player Filotas Pellios. Iraklis proceeded to play in the Cup final, but as the players' morale was damaged the club was defeated by underdogs Kastoria by a 5–2 margin.
At the end of the season Iraklis was demoted to the Beta Ethniki, due to the alleged bribery scandal. Iraklis appealed against that decision, and the club was, later on, declared not guilty, but the club already played in the Second Division. In the 1980–81 season Iraklis had to compete in the Beta Ethniki without his star player Vasilis Hatzipanagis. The club won the championship in the Northern Group with Ilias Chatzieleftheriou being the top scorer with 24 goals. Iraklis scored a total of 99 goals, conceding 22, and achieved a club league record 12–0 win against Edessaikos. Upon its return to the top tier Iraklis managed to finish in the 6th position in the league and achieved the club's best goal difference at the time with +14. In 1983–84 Iraklis finished in third place overall, which remains to date the club's best positioning, since professional football was established in 1959. The club, led by Hatzipanagis that scored 12 goals in the season, also had its best goal difference since the establishment of Alpha Ethniki with +27 goals and its best defence record, conceding only 20 goals.
In the 1984–85 season Iraklis finished in the 5th position setting the club's offensive record scoring 59 goals. Major contributors to this record were Hatzipanagis, Lakis Papaioannou and Sigurður Grétarsson each contributing 10 goals throughout the campaign. In the same season Iraklis won its only international competition, the Balkans Cup. Iraklis had to eliminate Turkish giants Galatasaray by winning 5–2 on aggregate in the quarter-finals, and Ankaragücü through a penalty shoot-out in the semi-finals. In the final's second leg Iraklis won Argeș Pitești 4–1, thus winning the trophy 5–4 on aggregate. In the 1985–86 season Iraklis, led by Lakis Papaioannou that finished the season with 8 goals, finished in the fourth position, having the best defensive record in the league, conceding 22 goals. Two years later, 17,000 fans travelled to Athens to support Iraklis in the 1987 Greek Cup final, unfortunately to see their team lose 3–1 on penalties (1–1 regular time) to OFI Crete. On 9 November 1990, shortly after an UEFA Cup match against Valencia, Hatzipanagis announced his retirement from professional football.
Reconstruction and change of ownership (1990–2007)
The 1990s were a period of reconstruction for the club, as aging players either left the club or retired. Hatzipanagis' retirement in 1990 had a major negative impact on the team's success. Fans began calling for a change in the club's management, as club president Petros Theodoridis began selling the team's most talented players (Christos Kostis, Giorgos Anatolakis, Savvas Kofidis etc.). Iraklis competed in 1990 against Valencia in the UEFA Cup, being eliminated in overtime at Mestalla.
Evangelos Mytilineos period (2000–2004)
The team was sold in 2000 to prominent Greek businessman Evangelos Mytilineos for almost €3,500,000 (1.18 billion drachmas). Despite the acquisition of many promising players during the first summer, the 2000–2001 campaign didn't have the expected results, with the club finishing in 5th position, out of European qualification spots. However, Iraklis managed to progress to the 2nd round of UEFA Cup, where they achieved a memorable (although without any effect) win over 1. FC Kaiserslautern in Fritz-Walter-Stadion. Next summer, Mytilineos's first move was to sell the highly rated striker and fans' favorite Michalis Konstantinou to Panathinaikos, setting a new record for the highest fee received for a domestic transfer. That move worsened the relationship between the new owner and the fans, while it clearly weakened the club, since Konstantinou was not replaced. Manager Giannis Kyrastas, who was widely considered one of Greece's bests, was replaced by previous coach Angelos Anastasiadis who in his second tenure managed to qualified once again for the UEFA Cup on a very small budget.
In 2004, Mytilineos announced his desire to leave the team and therefore sell it to Giorgos Spanoudakis (a friend of his from their school years, who used to be first vice-president of the club), for just €1, since the team was heavily in debt. Spanoudakis initiated a series of expensive but unsuccessful deals like Polish international Cezary Kucharski and Serie A veteran Giuseppe Signori, driving the team close to bankruptcy. He later tried to get rid of the team by selling it to yet another unknown businessman named Dimitris Houlis, who had been a president of Akratitos F.C. After a 5-month period during which Houlis controlled the team, the Greek football commission finally annulled the transfer, raising questions in the media regarding its handling of the previous one between Mytilinaios and Spanoudakis, too.
In January 2004, Savvas Kofidis, famous as a player of the team in the 1980s, became the team's manager. During the 2005–06, he led Iraklis to an acclaimed 4th-place finish, playing effective and attractive football, creating a club record for 13 consecutive wins at home. However, with considerable debts to players, coaches and the state, Spanoudakis started the 2006–07 season attempting to reconcile Iraklis finances by selling Joël Epalle and Panagiotis Lagos, who were instrumental in the previous year's success. Next year Kofidis resigned as manager of a considerably weakened team after Iraklis lost 7 and drew 2 of his first nine games in Greek Super League and additionally was eliminated from the UEFA Cup in extra time by Wisła Kraków. Eventually the 2006–07 season ended in a hard breaking fashion as the team gained its survival to Greek Super League only in the last matchday, after breaking a 39 matches unbeaten home run of Skoda Xanthi.
Financial collapse and relegations (2007–2011)
On 13 July 2007, Spanoudakis eventually resigned and the team passed to the hands of a consortium of local businessmen, with prominent Greek singer Antonis Remos (a lifelong fan of the team) as their leader. The new owners tried to stabilize the team financially having already paid the debts to Giuseppe Signori (almost 1,000,000 $) and to other players and lenders from the past.
However, on 4 May 2011 Iraklis was relegated back to Football League (Greece) after failing to obtain a license to participate in 2011–12 Super League. On 19 May 2011, the Disciplinary Committee of the competition found Iraklis guilty of forgery during the winter transfer window. Therefore, the club was automatically placed in the last position. That is a unique case as Iraklis has never finished in a relegation spot but has been relegated twice. Moreover, on 26 September the Professional Sports Committee stripped Iraklis from its professional licence and demoted it to Delta Ethniki. This situation spurred reactions from Iraklis fans, with demonstrations in Thessaloniki and Athens.
A.E.P. Iraklis 1908 (2012–2019)
The team finally competed in the 2011–12 Delta Ethniki, which started late due to Koriopolis, without much success. Meanwhile, the club's board was discussing a possible merger with another club. There were discussions with local teams Agrotikos Asteras and Anagennisi Epanomi, but only the ones with Pontioi were successful, and a pre-agreement contract was signed between Iraklis and Pontioi on 3 January 2012. The resulting team was named AEP Iraklis F.C., but virtually Iraklis replaced Pontioi Katerinis, who ceased to exist. On 20 January 2012, the merger was approved by amateur Iraklis, and their football team was disbanded and withdrawn from the Delta Ethniki.
The merged club
On 3 January 2012, the two teams reached an agreement regarding the running of the new club, with further negotiations planned after six months. Pontioi Katerinis would change their name to AEP Iraklis, take the badge and colors of Iraklis, and move to Kaftanzoglio Stadium. The squad would consist of players from both teams and be trained in Katerini.
On 23 January 2012, the team played their first game at home against Tilikratis, while pending approval of the merger by the Greek Professional Sports Committee.
Ιn August 2012, AEP Iraklis was incorporated as AEP Iraklis 1908 FC. The new merged club has no legal connection to the original Iraklis Thessaloniki F.C., but is essentially considered as a direct continuation of it, as it uses the crest of Iraklis Thessaloniki FC, its colours, and incorporates players and people associated with the former Iraklis FC. Therefore, G.S. Iraklis Thessaloniki has no shares of the new company, but instead still holds the 10% of the bankrupt original Iraklis FC company, which remains to be dissolved.
On 24 September 2012, the merged club was accepted in Greek Football League, as an acknowledgement of injustice against the old PAE Iraklis. In 2014 the company was renamed in PAE Iraklis 1908.
In the summer of 2014, and after several months of negotiations, Spyros Papathanasakis became the new major shareholder of the club.
Relegation (2017)
Iraklis was dissolved as a professional club in 2017, due to major financial issues the club had been facing for some years. They failed to participate in Football League (second tier) and were thus dissolved as a professional football club and begun the season in division 3 (Gamma Ethniki). The next season they promoted back.
Iraklis 2015 (2019–2020)
Iraklis was relegated in 2019 from the professional second-tier Football League into the amateur fourth-tier Gamma Ethniki, due to the restructuring of the Greek national championships and its performance in conjunction to its financial state. This led the professional club into further insolvency and an inability to form a squad to participate in any championship in the 2019–20 season. Faced with this situation, a new football club, named Iraklis 2015 was formed through the volleyball club of the Iraklis sports club family, which started participating in the lowest regional championship of the Thessaloniki region, the Macedonia Football Clubs Association Gamma Amateur Championship, which is on the fourth tier regionally and on the eighth nationally. On 20 April 2020, amateur championships were suspended due to the COVID-19 pandemic, therefore Iraklis won the championship winning all 15 games, scoring 88 goals and conceding 6.
P.O.T. Iraklis (2021–) "Road to redemption"
In July 2021, an agreement between the club and Triglia F.C. was announced and Iraklis will officially be in Super League 2 for the 2021–2022 season and they finished seventh (7th).
In the season 2022–2023, Iraklis FC played in the Super League 2 again, the second tier of the Greek football league system. They finished fifth (5th) in the North group with 47 points. They scored 56 goals (1st in the league).
For the season 2023–2024, he will compete again in Super League 2.
Crest and colours
Iraklis's crest has changed through times. The original club logo was a capital Η (Eta), the first letter of the word Iraklis (Ηρακλής) in Greek, surrounded by a circle. After the 2000 takeover of the club by Evangelos Mytilinaios, the logo was changed once again to a more "modern" looking one. During the 2008–09 season the club used a special logo, created especially for its centenary. The crest that is now used depicts the demigod Heracles resting upon his club, a scene inspired by Farnese Hercules statue, itself a copy of a statue crafted by Lysippos in the fourth century BC.
Throughout the entire club's history its colours were blue or cyan and white, to resemble the colours of the Greek flag, given the fact that Iraklis was established while Thessaloniki was a part of the Ottoman Empire. The team is so known in Greece as Kianolefkoi (Greek: "Κυανόλευκοι"), meaning the Cyan-Whites. Iraklis' away colours were usually either white or orange. Traditionally, the Iraklis shirt was blue and white stripes, but through the years this was changed often to all blue, all white, chess-like, and hooped, among others.
Kit evolution
First
Alternative
Sponsorships:
Great Shirt Sponsor: N/A
Official Sport Clothing Manufacturer: Givova
Official Sponsor: N/A
Facilities
Stadium
The first ground of the team was placed in the centre of Thessaloniki, nearby the White Tower. Its construction was funded by the members of G.S. Iraklis, but, after Thessaloniki became a part of Greece, the club was ousted from its owned ground, so a park could be created in its place. In 1915, Iraklis rented an area in the centre of Thessaloniki for a ten years period, but the club was unable to use its facilities until 1919, due to World War I. In 1927 the club renewed the contract for the use of the area, but in 1930, the newly founded Aristotle University of Thessaloniki tried to take the ownership of the field. For almost two decades the ground was used by both the athletes of Iraklis and the students of the university, until in the 1950s the university managed to get the ownership of the ground, so it could demolish it to construct a square, that is nowadays known as Platia Chimiou.
On 6 November 1960 Iraklis played its first match in Kaftanzoglio Stadium, to record a 2–1 win against M.G.S.S. Thermaikos Thessalonikis. Kaftanzoglio has been the home ground of Iraklis ever since, including the 2011–12 season, when both the G.S. Iraklis and the A.E.P. Iraklis team used it as their home ground. In the 2002–03 and 2003–04 seasons Iraklis used Makedonikos Stadium as its home ground. That decision was made due to the renovation of Kaftanzoglio for the 2004 Summer Olympics. Iraklis also owns a football ground and training facilities in the, adjacent to Kaftanzoglio Stadium, Chortatzides area, where the juveniles of the club train. There were plans for Iraklis to construct a new 22,000-seat stadium, in a club owned area in the eastern extremities of the city, in Mikra.
Training facility
Iraklis Sports Center locates in the area of Mikra and is the club-owned training ground of the team. The training facilities include three football fields, gym, sauna, water pool, such as the administration building of Iraklis FC. In the area, the club's new stadium also was planned to be built.
Supporters
Iraklis was well supported right from the start of its establishment. Even though the football section wasn't the most popular among club loyals in the very first years, it soon became the "flagship" of the sports club, as football became more and more popular. In the '70s and '80s, the club attracted crowds of around 10.000 people, to reach a peak in the 1983–84 season with an average attendance of 16,559. In the '90s, following Hatzipanagis' retirement and the general fall in attendances in Greek football, crowds in Kaftanzoglio deteriorated to a modest average of 5,000. A record low attendance was recorded during the '90s, as in a match against Paniliakos there were only 384 tickets sold. A brief increase in attendance was recorded after the purchase of the club by Evangelos Mytilineos, reaching a peak in the 2001–02 season with an average of 6,790. On 24 January 1971 Iraklis set the highest attendance record for any football match in Alpha Ethniki, with 45,634 tickets sold in the club's contest against Panathinaikos. In the 1987 Greek Cup final a crowd of 17,000 Iraklis fans travelled to Athens, to watch Iraklis lose in penalties against OFI. In two recent opinion polls Iraklis was ranked as the 6th most popular football club in Greece, gathering 2.8%–3.7% of the participating football supporters.
The most prominent supporters' club of the team is Aftonomi Thira 10 (meaning Autonomous Gate 10), a fan club with a total of 15 branches in Northern Greece. The fan club is known for holding an antiracist stance, as it participates in the Ultras Antiracist Festival. Other activities of the fan club include the publication of a magazine and the conduct of an annual festival. Other minor supporters' clubs are SFISE, Blue Boys, A.P.A.T.S.I. and Iraklis Fan Club of Athens.
Iraklis' supporters hold ties with the supporters of FSV Mainz, Rayo Vallecano, Zemun and FK Buducnost Podgorica as those have shown their support during Iraklis' supporters rallies against Super League's refusal to grant Iraklis a license to participate in the 2010–11 Super League season.
Also, the fans have sympathy for all the clubs named "Heracles" worldwide, most notably the Spanish Hércules CF. Since 2003, fans of both teams formed a friendship through the internet. There is even a Hércules CF supporters club that bears the name "Iraklis", in honor of their friendship.
Ownership and financing
Professional era
Until 1979 Greek football was semi-professional and each football club was run by a board and a president appointed by its respective multi-sport club, of which it was considered a branch. In the 1979–80 season the football branch of Iraklis became an SA owned by local businessmen Tertilinis and Pertsinidis. In the 1983–84 season Iraklis was bought by Petros Theodorides who remained at the helm of the club for almost 18 years. From the beginning of the 1999–2000 season there were demonstrations by the supporters of Iraklis, asking for the resignation of Theodoridis from his presidential seat and the sale of his stocks. On 11 February 2000 Greek business magnate Evangelos Mytilineos bought the stocks of Theodoridis for a reported 1.18 billion Greek drachmas. On 27 January 2003, two days after a 3–1 away defeat of Iraklis against OFI, Mytilineos gave a press conference in which he announced his withdrawal from Iraklis' affairs, due to his disgust with the establishment of Greek football.
Shortly afterwards the ownership of the club was passed to businessman Giorgos Spanoudakis for 1 euro and until 2006 the club had accumulated a debt of 8 million euros, partly because Mytilineos did not pay the taxes for the players' contracts and partly due to Spanoudakis handling of the club's affairs. After a takeover of the club, in 2005, by businessman Dimitris Khoulis failed, Spanoudakis continued having the ownership of Iraklis. In 2007 Spanoudakis declared the club's inability to repay its debts to the players and tried to hand Iraklis' stocks to Cypriot businessman Pheevos Morides. After the latter failed to fulfill his promises the deal was cancelled.
Greek singer Antonis Remos, a prominent supporter of Iraklis, expressed his interest to undertake the club's fortunes, but he moved back when Spanoudakis asked €500,000 to pass the club's ownership.
On 10 July 2007 Iraklis' administration building was set on fire by supporters in an attempt to express their discontent for the cancellation of the club's takeover from Antonis Remos. A few days later a deal was reached and Remos took over Iraklis. In the summer of 2010, Ioannis Takis took charge as the new chairman.
Summers 2010 and 2011 authorisation issues and reactions
On 1 June 2010, the club was denied a license to compete in next season's Greek Super League. That summer, Iraklis's fans rallied in Thessaloniki for more than 10 days. Also there were 2 rallies in Athens and other important places in Greece like Malgara and Tempi. Finally, on 25 June, Iraklis received permission to play in Greek Super League for the 2010–11 season.
On 4 May 2011, Iraklis were relegated to Football League (Greece) after failing to obtain a license to participate in 2011–12 Super League. On 19 May 2011, the Disciplinary Committee of the competition found Iraklis guilty of forgery during the winter transfer window. Therefore, the club was automatically placed in the last position. That is a unique case as Iraklis have never finished in a relegation spot but have been relegated twice. On 26 September, however, the Professional Sports Committee stripped Iraklis from its professional licence and demoted it to Delta Ethniki. The team competed in Delta Ethniki under the ownership of G.S. Iraklis Thessaloniki, until the G.S. Irakli's General Assembly decided to disband it in favour of a merging deal with Pontioi Katerini to form AEP Iraklis F.C. in 2012.
The Club is named A.E.P. Iraklis 1908 (2012–2019)
Ιn August 2012, AEP Iraklis was incorporated as AEP Iraklis 2012 FC. The new merged club has no legal connection to the original Iraklis Thessaloniki F.C., but is essentially considered as a direct continuation of it. Therefore, G.S. Iraklis Thessaloniki has no shares of the new company, but instead still holds the 10% of the bankrupt original Iraklis FC company, which remains to be dissolved. Currently, MAE Pontioi Katerini own 10% of the new merged club, as required by the Greek sports law, the club's chairman Theodoros Papadopoulos and team fans own the rest, with the chairman possessing a relative majority.
Spyros Papathanasakis era (2014–2017)
In the summer of 2014 and after several months of negotiations Spyros Papathanasakis became the new major shareholder of the club holds the 90% of shares. The same year the company was once again renamed in PAE Iraklis 1908. In 2014–15, Iraklis promoted easily from the second division (Football League) to the Super League (first tier) after finishing in the first place during the regular season and second in the playoffs only behind AEK FC. The next season Iraklis finished in the 12th position to secure Super League status for the next season.
Two years later, despite successfully retaining Super League status once again by finishing 12th the team was again relegated to gamma ethniki (third tier) while the financial situation of the club was again under severe deterioration. This urged Papathanasakis, on 7 September 2017, to declare Iraklis' inability to satisfy financial obligations, causing the club to be disbanded for the second time in five years. Papathanasakis stepped down as owner and chairman of Iraklis FC. For this reason, a brand new committee with Nikos Vafeiadis as its chairman was made by Iraklis's Legends and fans to save the club.
Despite starting the 2017–18 season with only 14 players Vafeiadis and the rest of the brand new committee brought lots of players who quickly helped Iraklis to climb the rankings and play high quality football during their first season back in Gamma Ethniki since 2011–12. After an amazing season, despite being an outsider Iraklis finished top of the table in group 2. This obtained the club a Play-offs place. In the Play-offs Iraklis managed to finish in the 1st place and gain promotion to Football League (2nd tier).
Tom Papadopoulos era (2018–2019)
In the summer, negotiations began on the purchase of the football section of Iraklis Thessaloniki by the Greek–American businessman Tom Papadopoulos, who is involved in the processing and marketing of marble in the United States of America. On 27 September 2018, Professional Sports Committee of Greece announced that Tom Papadopoulos is the new major shareholder of Iraklis Thessaloniki and today 90% of its shares are its own, since it has already given €300,000 for the share capital of the new company set up a few days ago. The professional club formed through the merger with Pontioi Katerini F.C., which is owned by Tom Papadopoulos, does not currently compete and appears to be insolvent.
Players
Current squad
Management
Honours and achievements
Regional
Thessaloniki Championship
Winners (2): 1914, 1915
Macedonia FCA Championship
Winners (5): 1926–27, 1938–39, 1939–40, 1950–51, 1951–52
Runners up (6): 1923–24, 1925–26, 1929–30, 1936–37, 1946–47, 1952–53
Macedonia FCA Championship Fourth Division
Winners (1): 2019–20
National
Super League (First Division)
Runners up (3): 1933–34, 1938–39, 1946–47
Super League 2 (Second Division)
Champions (1): 1980–81
Runners up (1): 2014–15
Gamma Ethniki (Third Division)
Champions (1): 2017–18
Greek Cup
Winners (1): 1975–76
Runners up (4): 1946–47, 1956–57, 1979–80, 1986–87
Iraklis Thessaloniki in European competitions
Balkans Cup
Winners (1): 1984–85
Managerial history
Notable former players
Greek Golden Player – UEFA Jubilee Awards
Vasilis Hatzipanagis
Top foreign league goalscorer
Foreigner leading in league appearances
Records and statistics
Records
Biggest win:
14–1 v Enosi Charilaou, 1959–60 Greek Cup
13–0 v Odysseas Kordelio, 1955–56 Greek Cup
Biggest away win:
1–8 v Apollon Krya Vrysi, 1993–94 Greek Cup
Biggest league win:
12–0 v Edessaikos, 1980–81 Beta Ethniki
Biggest top tier win
8–1 v AEK, 1930–31 Panhellenic Championship,
8–1 v Rodos, 1978–79 Alpha Ethniki
League statistics
Positioning in Greek league
1 Demoted to second division due to a match fixing scandal in a cup game against PAOK. 2 Demoted to fourth division (amateur division) because the Professional Sports Committee stripped Iraklis from its professional licence. 3 Demoted to fourth division (amateur division) due to restructuring of national championships and its financial state.
Total league record
Head to head record against city rivals
As of 16 May 2015
Highest attendances
Statistics in Europe
UEFA club competitions' record
References
External links
Official Websites
Official Social Media Accounts
Iraklis F.C. (Thessaloniki)
Iraklis F.C. (Thessaloniki) players
Iraklis F.C. (Thessaloniki) managers
Iraklis F.C. (Thessaloniki) seasons
Iraklis Thessaloniki
Football clubs in Thessaloniki
Association football clubs established in 1908
1908 establishments in the Ottoman Empire
Super League Greece 2 clubs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Iraklis%20F.C.%20%28Thessaloniki%29 |
Kirsty Child is an Australian character actress, known for her roles in the television series Prisoner and Neighbours.
Biography
Child had several character parts in the Crawford Productions TV staples.
Her film roles include Country Town in 1971 and in the classic 1975 Australian film adaptation of the Joan Lindsay novel Picnic at Hanging Rock.
Child had three roles in drama series Prisoner. The first two were guest roles, Anne Yates in 1979, a prison officer turned drug dealer and Glynis Johnson in 1983, the sister of an inmate. In 1985, she returned in a more prominent role as supercilious fence Willie Beecham who returned at the end of the series' run in 1986.
In 1989, she had a leading role in the drama series Inside Running. Other television guest roles included Cop Shop and Blue Heelers.
In 2002, featured in the Australian soap opera Neighbours as Carmel Tyler, the older sister of Susan Kennedy (Jackie Woodburne). She reprised her role as Carmel on Neighbours in November 2012 for two months.
Child is the widow of New Zealand-born Australian actor Peter Adams, who died in December 1999.
Filmography (selected)
Film
Television
References
External links
Australian film actresses
Australian soap opera actresses
Living people
20th-century Australian actresses
21st-century Australian actresses
Year of birth missing (living people) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kirsty%20Child |
The 57th Directors Guild of America Awards, honoring the outstanding directorial achievements in films, documentary and television in 2004, were presented on January 29, 2005, at the Beverly Hilton. The ceremony was hosted by Carl Reiner. The nominees in the feature film category were announced on January 6, 2005 and the other nominations starting on January 10, 2005.
Winners and nominees
Film
Television
Commercials
Frank Capra Achievement Award
Herb Adelman
Franklin J. Schaffner Achievement Award
Stanley Faer
Diversity Award
Steve McPherson
Presidents Award
Gilbert Cates
References
External links
Directors Guild of America Awards
2004 film awards
2004 guild awards
2004 television awards
2004 in American cinema
2004 in American television
2004 awards in the United States | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/57th%20Directors%20Guild%20of%20America%20Awards |
Suzette Jones known as Sue Jones is an Welsh-born Australian actress best known for her television roles, in soap operas, sitcoms and telemovies, in particular for playing Pam Willis in Neighbours from 1990 to 1994, with itinerant returns and as Kathy Hall in Prisoner Cell Block H .
Biography
She had also played an ongoing role in the situation comedy The Tea Ladies (1978), and in Prisoner in 1981 as Kathy Hall. Other credits include several roles in police drama Blue Heelers, the short film Pinata (which premiered at the Melbourne International Film Festival in 2009), and Anthony Crowley's Shadow Passion at Chapel Off Chapel in September 2007, playing the role of Margaret. In 2013 and 2014, Jones had a recurring role in the ABC comedy series Upper Middle Bogan as Pat.
Filmography
FILM
TELEVISION
References
External links
Australian television actresses
Australian people of Welsh descent
Living people
Year of birth missing (living people) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sue%20Jones%20%28actress%29 |
Java Optimized Processor (JOP)
is a Java processor, an implementation of Java virtual machine (JVM) in hardware.
JOP is free hardware under the GNU General Public License, version 3.
The intention of JOP is to provide a small hardware JVM for embedded real-time systems. The main feature is the predictability of the execution time of Java bytecodes. JOP is implemented over an FPGA.
See also
List of Java virtual machines
SimpCon
References
External links
JOP website
JOP Github repository
A Video of a talk given at an embedded Java workshop introduces JOP.
Java virtual machine | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Java%20Optimized%20Processor |
Hempfield High School is a public senior high school located in Salunga-Landisville, Pennsylvania, United States. It serves both East and West Hempfield townships and serves as the only high school for Hempfield School District.
Demographics
Grades: 9-12
County: Lancaster
Total students: 2481
52% male / 48% female
Teachers: 137
Academics
Hempfield High School continually shows test results above the state average on the PSSA tests and the SAT. The school has a 95% graduation rate, with almost 82% of Hempfield graduates continuing to post-secondary education.
In 2005-2006, thirteen students were honored as National Merit Finalists. Finally, Hempfield students have consistently excelled in the Pennsylvania Math League. In 1999, 2000, 2002, 2003, 2004, and 2005, the Math Team were the first in their region, and in 2001, 2006, and 2008, they were first in the league.
Hempfield offers a number of Advanced Placement courses, including classes in Biology, Calculus, Chemistry, Computer Science, Economics, Environmental Science, English, French, German, Spanish Literature, Art, Music Theory, Physics, Statistics, US History, and US Government and Politics. AP exams for college credit are also offered in all of these areas. Honor weighted courses in the Humanities are offered; however, no AP exam accompanies them.
Performing arts and music
Theater
Hempfield High School is renowned for its extensive theater program and its annual Dance Theatre production. Created by Pat Kautter (choreographed and directed by Cody Smith, until 2021, switching to Devon Groff), this is a completely original show which features over 100 students. Dance Theatre celebrated its 25th anniversary in 2008. Hempfield's spring musical productions, under the direction of Alejandro Ramos and Cody Smith, are also known for their excellence. A spring musical is also performed annually.
The 1,300-seat Performing Arts Center was designed by The Ray Group Inc., a Lancaster-based architecture firm that specializes in schools and universities. The PAC opened in the fall of 1995 and was one of the most expensive high school stages in Pennsylvania at the time. Local dance companies and performance groups often rent it out.
Music
The Hempfield Black Knight Marching Band consists of over 100 members. The Symphonic Band is for grades 10-12. The Concert Band is a 50+ performance group which accepts all levels of musicians from all grades, and is designed for 9th graders to adapt them to the more challenging material and style that is played in this band. The 2012-2013 band was selected to perform at the PMEA All-State conference. The Jazz Band hosts a variety of shows during the year, and the Jazz Lab Band performs with the Jazz Band during the spring jazz concert. All of the bands at Hempfield are supervised by the department chair of music, Matt Ceresini.
Hempfield is also the home to several choral groups: Hempfield Singers, Bel Cantos, Concert Choir, and Chamber Singers. All are under the direction of Alejandro Ramos. Hempfield Singers is a high level choir which is open by audition. Bel Cantos is an all female-choir, also selected through audition. This group is not currently running, however. Concert Choir is a larger group that is open to any student. The Hempfield Chamber Singers is an elite group which includes a small number of singers. The 2012-2013 group also performed at the state conference. The Chamber Singers perform the national anthem at many of Hempfield's home basketball games.
The Hempfield orchestras include Symphony Strings, an orchestra tailored to advanced musicians; and Concert Strings, a performing orchestra designed for underclassmen.
All orchestras, bands and choirs perform at either the holiday concert, the winter concert or a spring concert. Some groups have shows outside of the Hempfield music department, which change every year.
Athletics
Hempfield competes in the Lancaster-Lebanon League as part of the Pennsylvania Interscholastic Athletic Association, except for:
Ice hockey, governed by USA Hockey and compete in the Central Pennsylvania Interscholastic Hockey League (CPIHL)
Rugby, which compete in the Eastern Pennsylvania Rugby Union (EPRU)
Sports
Baseball
The Hempfield Black Knight Baseball team is currently coached by Jeremy Morrison. Historical highlights and championships:
SECTION ONE: 1983, 1993, 1995, 1996, 1997, 2000, 2001, 2003, 2005, 2012, 2013, 2015, 2016
LANCASTER-LEBANON: 1974, 1996, 1997, 1998, 1999, 2004, 2005, 2008, 2014
DISTRICT 3: 2004, 2015
Basketball (m/w)
Bowling
Cheerleading
Field hockey
Football
Golf
Ice hockey (not a PIAA sport)
Lacrosse (m/w)
Rugby (m/w; not a PIAA sport)
Soccer (m/w)
Softball
Swimming and diving
Tennis (m/w)
Track and field/cross country
Volleyball (m/w)
Wrestling
Basketball
The Hempfield boys' basketball program is led by Coach Danny Walck. Since taking over in 2010, he has led the Black Knights to a playoff appearance every season. This includes his first year, 2010-2011, where the Knights won the Lancaster-Lebanon League title. He is assisted by Dave Brown, Ian Daecher, Mark Macik, and Matt Wagaman.
Football
Led by Head Coach George Eager, the Hempfield football program has dramatically increased in performance in recent years. They recently have had two straight berths to the PIAA District 3 AAAA playoffs and advanced to the quarterfinals both times. They lost in double overtime to Cumberland Valley in 2013. They lost in triple overtime to Central Dauphin-East in 2014. They currently play in Section 1 of the L-L League.
Facilities
Georgelis Law Firm Stadium
Synthetic turf field used for football, soccer, and lacrosse
Sponsored by Hempfield HS graduate, resident and attorney, Anthony M. Georgelis.
Also serves as the home field for Lancaster Inferno minor league soccer team
Notable athletic alumni
Aaron Herr, son of Tom Herr; member of the Louisville Bats, the Class AAA affiliate of the Cincinnati Reds
Tom Herr, a former Major League Baseball alumnus of the St. Louis Cardinals, Minnesota Twins, Philadelphia Phillies, San Francisco Giants, and New York Mets; led the Lancaster Barnstormers to the 2006 Atlantic League Championship Series
John Murray, played goalie for the HHS ice hockey team before moving on to the Ontario Hockey League; signed in 2008 to the nearby Reading Royals of the ECHL; currently plays for the Ontario Reign, an affiliate of the Los Angeles Kings
Kyle Salyards, competed in the 200 m breaststroke event in the 2000 Olympic Games
Travis Worra, an American soccer player who has played for D.C. United since 2015.
References
External links
Official website
Public high schools in Pennsylvania
Education in Lancaster, Pennsylvania
Eastern Pennsylvania Rugby Union
Schools in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hempfield%20High%20School |
"Art Decade" is an instrumental by English singer-songwriter David Bowie, released on his 1977 album Low.
The song is named for a street that Bowie had encountered in West Berlin, the name of which was a pun on the art deco style. In fact, the song itself, like the rest of the songs on the b-side of Low, is a portrait of West Berlin. Recounting his impressions, Bowie later called West Berlin "a city cut off from its world, art and culture, dying with no hope of retribution." As a result, the song is slow and attempts a melancholy, depressing sound.
The song features a quick introduction on percussion and vibraphone, using a caravan-like drum sound to continue throughout the piece. Bowie's melodic portion of the composition is layered over the synthetic soundscapes of Brian Eno, whose synthesizer effects are reminiscent to those of the
No Pussyfooting album from 1973. The song is intentionally repetitive; half the song does not stray from an E major chord while a two note melody repeats over the sound of continuous effects.
Despite Bowie being credited solely for the song, Brian Eno has said he was responsible for saving the song from the out-take pile. The original piece was recorded on a piano, with both Eno and Bowie playing. "[w]hen we'd finished it he didn't like it very much and sort of forgot about it. But as it happened, during the two days he was gone I...dug that out to see if I could do anything with it. I put all those instruments on top of what we had and then he liked it and realised there was hope for it, and he worked on top of that adding more instruments."
Hansa Studios engineer Eduard Meyer played the cellos on the recording.
Live versions
Performances from the Isolar II Tour have been released on Stage (1978) and Welcome to the Blackout (2018).
Personnel
David Bowie: Guitar, Vibraphone, Piano, Chamberlin
Brian Eno: Piano, Mini Moog, Chamberlin
Eduard Meyer: Cellos
Other releases
The live versions from Stage was released as the B-side of the single "Breaking Glass" in 1978.
It was released as a picture disc in the RCA Life Time picture disc set.
Sources
Greatorex, Johnathan. "Just a Mortal With Potential." Teenage Wildlife. November 1996. 6 March 2006 .
Griffin, R. "Low." Bowie Golden Years. January 2005. 6 March 2006 .
References
David Bowie songs
1977 songs
Songs written by David Bowie
Rock instrumentals
Song recordings produced by David Bowie
Song recordings produced by Tony Visconti
1970s instrumentals | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Art%20Decade |
"Weeping Wall" is an instrumental piece by David Bowie from his album Low, released in 1977.
The track has been described by Bowie as intending to evoke the misery of the Berlin Wall, being a portrait piece like the other music on Side Two of Low. The principal melody is an adaptation of the tune "Scarborough Fair".
Bowie plays all instruments on the recording, the album's only solo track, including several percussion instruments and synthesizers. His voice is also present in a wordless chorus. Its minimalistic style has been seen as bearing the influence of composer Steve Reich. According to Reich, Bowie had attended the European premiere of Music for 18 Musicians at the National Gallery of Berlin in 1976. "And I think 'Weeping Wall' on Low is somewhat indebted to that," Reich has said. Bowie himself recalled seeing Music for 18 Musicians performed "live in downtown New York in the late 70s" and described it as "Balinese gamelan music cross-dressing as Minimalism... Astonishing."
While Brian Eno and NME editors Roy Carr and Charles Shaar Murray have suggested that "Weeping Wall" began life as part of Bowie's aborted soundtrack to The Man Who Fell to Earth, the composer himself maintained that the piece was composed especially for Low.
Personnel
David Bowie – vocals, guitar, vibraphone, xylophone, synthesizers, piano, Chamberlin, percussion
Notes
1977 songs
David Bowie songs
Rock instrumentals
Song recordings produced by David Bowie
Song recordings produced by Tony Visconti
Songs written by David Bowie | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Weeping%20Wall%20%28instrumental%29 |
Edward Lee may refer to:
Edward Lee (basketball) (1925–1988), Chinese Olympic basketball player
Edward Lee (writer) (born 1957), American horror writer
Edward Lee (bishop) (1482–1544), Archbishop of York, 1531–1544
Edward Merwin Lee (1835–1913), Union officer during the American Civil War
Edward Lee, 1st Earl of Lichfield (1663–1716), English peer
Edward Edson Lee (1884–1944), American children's literature author
Edward Lee (billiards player) (1905–1969), American professional carom billiards player
Edward Lee (footballer), early 20th century English association footballer
Edward Lee (scientist) (1914–2001), British scientist, inventor, and civil servant
Edward Graham Lee (born 1931), former Canadian ambassador to Israel
Edward Lee (politician) (1822–1883), New Zealand politician
Edward Lee (cricketer) (1877–1942), English cricketer
Edward Lee (chef), American chef
Edward A. Lee (born 1957), Puerto Rican computer scientist, electrical engineer, and author
Edward Lee Poh Lin (1949–2011), Malaysian politician
See also
Edward Leigh (disambiguation)
Edward Lea (1837–1863), U.S. Naval officer
Eddie Li, Hong Kong actor and model
Ed Lee (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward%20Lee |
Lauri Merten (born July 6, 1960) is an American professional golfer. She also competed under the names Lauri Peterson (1983–87) and Lauri Merten-Peterson (1988).
Merten was born in Waukesha, Wisconsin. She attended Arizona State University and joined the LPGA Tour in 1983.
Merten's three wins on the LPGA Tour came at the 1983 Rail Charity Golf Classic, the 1984 Jamie Farr Toledo Classic and the 1993 U.S. Women's Open, which is one of the LPGA's major championships.
When she retired, Merten claimed burnout was the cause. Another factor was undoubtedly the unwanted attention surrounding the murder conviction of her brother-in-law Thomas Capano in 1996.
Professional wins
LPGA Tour wins (3)
LPGA Tour playoff record (1–0)
Major championships
Wins (1)
References
External links
American female golfers
LPGA Tour golfers
Winners of LPGA major golf championships
Golfers from Wisconsin
Sportspeople from Waukesha, Wisconsin
1960 births
Living people
21st-century American women | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lauri%20Merten |
In the American and Sicilian Mafia, a made man is a fully initiated member of the Mafia. To become "made", an associate first must be Italian or of Italian descent and sponsored by another made man. An inductee will be required to take the oath of omertà, the Mafia code of silence and code of honor. After the induction ceremony, the associate becomes a "made man" and holds the rank of soldier (Italian: soldato) in the Mafia hierarchy. Made men are the only ones who can rise through the ranks of the Mafia, from soldier to caporegime, consigliere, underboss, and boss.
Other common names for members include man of honor (), man of respect (Italian: uomo di rispetto), one of us (Italian: uno di noi), friend of ours (Italian: amico nostro), good fella, and wiseguy; although the last two terms can also apply to non-initiated Mafia associates who work closely with the Mafia, rather than just official "made men". Earning or making one's "bones" or "button" or becoming a "button man" for the Mafia is usually synonymous with becoming a "made man".
Other street terms for being initiated into the Mafia include being "straightened out" or "baptized", and earning one's "badge". "Opening the books" and "closing the books" are phrases used in the Mafia to indicate, respectively, that a family is ready or unwilling/unable to accept new members. In Sicily, the proper term for a member of the Sicilian Mafia is in Italian uomo d'onore, or in Sicilian omu d'onuri. Mafioso and the plural mafiosi are common terms used colloquially and by the press and academics, but are generally not used by members of the Italian-American and Sicilian Mafia themselves.
Overview
Traditionally in the American Mafia to become a made man, the inductee was required to be a male of full Sicilian descent, soon extended to males of full Italian descent, and later further extended to males of half-Italian descent through their father's lineage. For example, famous Lucchese family associate Henry Hill, portrayed in the 1990 film Goodfellas, was unable to become a made man, despite his extensive Mafia career and his mother's Sicilian descent, because his father was of Irish descent. According to Salvatore Vitale, it was decided during a Commission meeting in 2000 to restore the rule requiring both parents to be of Italian descent.
However, examples of made members who are not of full Italian descent include the son of Italian-American mobster John Gotti, John A. Gotti, whose maternal grandmother was Russian, and Frank Salemme of the New England Patriarca crime family, whose father was of Italian descent, but whose mother was of Irish descent. In other cases, partially Italian-American associates have hidden their non-Italian heritage to become made men, as in the case of Scarfo crime family soldier and made man Andrew Thomas DelGiorno, who was of Polish and Italian descent but managed to conceal his Polish heritage on his mother's side and was therefore inducted into the Philadelphia Mafia.
Historically, men of Northern Italian descent were considered unacceptable for membership in the American Mafia, because the Sicilian counterpart and other related Italian crime groups originated in Southern Italy. Colombo family capo Gregory Scarpa was nearly denied membership into the American Cosa Nostra because his family was from the Northern Italian Veneto province. However, his money making abilities and willingness to use violence convinced Colombo family leadership to induct him anyway.
An associate of a crime family who has worked as a law enforcement officer in any capacity, or who has even attended or applied to a law enforcement training program, usually cannot become a made member of the Mafia. For example, DeMeo crew member Henry Borelli could never become a made man in the Gambino family, since he had taken the New York City Police Department entrance exam in the early 1970s. Bonanno underboss Salvatore Vitale was only "made" because his brother-in-law and future boss Joseph Massino managed to cover up Vitale's previous work as a corrections officer.
One exception to this rule is Scarfo crime family soldier Ron Previte, who was a former (albeit corrupt) member of the Philadelphia police force. In addition, though never becoming officially made members of the Mafia, corrupt NYPD police detectives Louis Eppolito and Stephen Caracappa performed duties for the Lucchese crime family equivalent to those of a soldier or made man.
Certain individuals have also been deemed unworthy to be inducted into Cosa Nostra due to not meeting certain standards. "Mad Sam" DeStefano was a mentally unstable and sadistic loan shark who took pleasure in torture and murder. The Chicago Outfit tolerated his earning ability but never made him, because they feared that his bizarre behavior brought too much publicity.
Often, an associate is required to carry out a contract killing in order to become eligible for induction. Traditionally, this rule was applied to prove the associate's loyalty to the Mafia. In modern times, it also serves to show that one is not an undercover law enforcement agent. According to traditional rules, any murders carried out for personal reasons cannot be used to fulfill the requirement. Committing one's first contract killing is referred to as "making one's bones" or earning one's "button", thus becoming a "button man."
As a result of the Apalachin meeting, the membership books to become a made man in the mob were thought to be closed in 1957 and were not known to law enforcement to be reopened until 1976, though whether this was actually the case or was an assumption due to a lack of information on the part of law enforcement and press is unclear, as some Mafia members seem to have been made during that period.
Induction ceremony
To become made, an associate would first have to be sponsored by a made man. According to Joe Pistone's accounts in his books The Way of the Wiseguy and Donnie Brasco: Unfinished Business, the associate must now have at least two sponsors, one of whom must have known him for 10 to 15 years. The sponsor knows the associate and vouches for his reliability and abilities. Although a capo or other senior members will determine the prospective member's credibility, ultimately the decision lies with the boss of the family into which he will be inducted.
When the crime family "opens the books" (accepts new members), an associate will get a call telling him to get ready and dressed. He will then be picked up and taken to the room where the ceremony will take place, alone or with other accepted candidates. An inductee will be required to take the oath of omertà, the mafia code of silence. Though the ceremony varies from family to family, it typically involves the pricking of the trigger finger of the inductee, then dripping blood onto a picture of a saint, typically St Francis of Assisi or the Virgin Mary, which is then set alight in his hand and kept burning until the inductee has sworn the oath of loyalty to his new "family", such as, "As burns this saint, so will burn my soul. I enter alive and I will have to get out dead."
Privileges
After the induction ceremony the associate becomes a made man and holds the rank of soldier (Italian: soldato) in the Mafia hierarchy. He is given responsibilities and receives benefits. A made man enjoys the full protection and backing of the Mafia establishment as long as he remains in favor and earns enough money, a percentage of which must be passed up the hierarchy. A made man is traditionally seen as "untouchable" by fellow criminals; he is to be respected and feared. To strike, let alone kill, a made man for any reason without the permission of the Mafia family leadership is punished by death, regardless of whether or not the perpetrator had a legitimate grievance.
An example of this type of retribution was discussed in the non-fiction book Wiseguy, and dramatized in the 1990 film Goodfellas, which chronicles the life of Henry Hill, who was a Lucchese crime family associate turned FBI informant. It involved the circumstances of the disappearance of Tommy DeSimone, a fellow Lucchese associate who was allegedly killed by the Gambino crime family. His offense was that he murdered made man William "Billy Batts" Bentvena (a member of the Gambino crew led by then caporegime and future boss John Gotti) without permission. A made man can, however, be killed if a good enough reason is provided and the Mafia family's leadership grants permission.
References
American Mafia
Organized crime members by role | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Made%20man |
1 William Street is an office building in the Financial District of Lower Manhattan in New York City. The building has had a number of names, originally the J. & W. Seligman & Company Building, and later the Lehman Brothers Building. Currently it is also known as the Banca Commerciale Italiana Building.
The building, erected in 1906–1907, was designed by Francis H. Kimball in conjunction with Julian Clarence Levi. It was created for the Seligmans, a prominent German Jewish family who founded an investment bank called J. & W. Seligman. The building was later the headquarters of investment bank Lehman Brothers from 1929 to 1980, and was subsequently bought by Banca Commerciale Italiana.
The 11-story structure, clad in limestone with a steel frame, is located at the southern corner of the five-pointed intersection of William, South William, and Beaver Streets. It occupies a quadrilateral lot, with an acute angle between South William Street to the west and William Street to the east. In 1996, the building was designated as a landmark by the New York City Landmarks Preservation Commission. In 2007, the building was designated as a contributing property to the Wall Street Historic District, a National Register of Historic Places district.
History
Context and construction
The Bavarian-born brothers Joseph and James Seligman, in conjunction with several other brothers, founded dry-goods businesses across the United States in the 1840s. They opened a New York City clothing store at 5 William Street by 1848. With profits from the creation of other branches worldwide, the family received contracts to create Union Army soldiers' uniforms during the American Civil War. After the war ended, the family founded an investment bank called J. & W. Seligman & Co., with headquarters at 59 Exchange Place. The company also developed branches around the world, each headed by one of the brothers, though these branches later became independent.
In March 1905, The New York Times reported that Isaac Seligman bought the lots on the south side of William Street from Stone to South William Streets. The five lots purchased by Isaac included the Seligmans' old store, and were two blocks away from Wall Street, where many of New York City's major financial companies and commodities exchanges were located. The next year, architectural plans for the building were filed with the New York City Department of Buildings. The New York Herald said, "It is to be of the Italian Renaissance type with facades of at the first story and limestone above, with decorative tower." Construction started in May 1906, with work on the foundation beginning the next month. The building was completed by July 1907 at a cost of $1 million, at which point J. & W. Seligman & Co. moved into the space. Originally, the front entrance was on South William Street.
Use
In 1919, a consortium bought 1 William Street, and the Seligmans moved nearby, to 54 Wall Street. The same year, a renovation had split the two-story-high banking room into two regular-sized floors.
The investment bank Lehman Brothers bought 1 William Street in 1928. At the time, they were located diagonally across the intersection of Beaver, William, and South William Streets. The firm had to move to make way for construction of 20 Exchange Place, and chose 1 William Street because it would provide more space. Lehman Brothers performed a $500,000 renovation of the structure, which included the relocation of the front entrance from South William Street to the corner with William and Beaver Street, as well as the replacement of the South William Street entrance with windows. Lehman Brothers moved into their offices at 1 William Street in June 1929. Lehman Brothers originally took half the floor area in 1 William Street, but then occupied additional space vacated by tenants with expiring leases, as well as space in two adjacent buildings.
By the 1970s, Lehman Brothers was seeing financial losses, and under chairman Peter G. Petersen, the company merged with Kuhn, Loeb & Co. in 1977. The combined company moved out of the building at the end of 1980, putting the structure on sale for $10 million and consolidating its operations at another facility on 55 Water Street. The following year, the building was purchased by Banca Commerciale Italiana, which erected an 11-story addition to the south between 1982 and 1986. The annex, which contains a similar design to the original structure, received an architectural award in 1988. The building is now owned by Intesa Sanpaolo, Italy's largest bank.
Description
The building is designed in the Renaissance Revival style, with elements similar to the Baroque Revival style in Britain, such as a curving exterior, sculptural ornament, and towers at the corners.
Exterior
The side facades consist of a water table made of granite. The windows on the ground floor contain elaborate entablatures on their frames, while those on the second floor are rectangular with ornate metal railings. On the third through eighth stories, the windows are rectangular and contain voussoirs, wedge-shaped elements, on the lintels at the top of the frames. A colonnade runs along the facade of the ninth and tenth floors, and the eleventh floor contains square windows. There are water towers on the roof and a chimney on the South William Street side.
To smooth out the acute angle created by the intersection of William and South William Streets, where the building's main entrance is located, the designers included a curved facade at the lower floors, as well as a concave building corner element above the eighth floor. This element is capped by a corner tower, which is round and resembles a "tempietto". The doorway contains double doors made of glass and metal, as well as iron gates, a short flight of granite steps, a flagpole around the doors, a metal plaque, and decorative iron grilles on the transom and second story. The third through eighth floors on this section are rounded, and above the eighth-floor window is a sculpted cartouche.
The South William Street side contained the original front doorway for the building, which comprised a door underneath an arch with glass screen. The magazine New York Architect characterized the building as being "the most complete private banking institution in the city", with a form and sculptural elements that provide a maximum "breadth and solidity in the treatment of the exterior."
Studio Architetti Valle, along with Fred Liebmann and Jeremy P. Lang Architects, designed an 11-story annex in 1982. The annex, located south of the original building contains black granite and limestone cladding, as well as a turret at the southern corner, which complements the other turret at the entrance of the original building. The annex features double doors facing South William Street, as well as a service entrance at Stone Street.
Interior
Upon the building's completion, the basement, ground floor, and mezzanine housed the banking offices, and there was a "richly decorated" board room on the mezzanine, as per the company's requirements. The two-story banking room included a barrel-vaulted ceiling and was split into two floors by 1919.
When Lehman Brothers occupied 1 William Street, it maintained a fancy private dining facility for its employees in the building. In 1979 The New York Times deemed 1 William Street's lunchroom as the best corporate lunchroom in the Wall Street area, saying, "Perhaps nowhere on Wall Street is the food as good and Old World dining carried on with the same care and flair." At the time, chief Pierre Colin prepared 75 meals a day for lunch. Colin said that the dinners were "much more elegant than eating at a midtown restaurant". During dinners, hors d'oeuvres were served on the third floor before guests moved to the eighth-floor Partners' Dining Room, which contained a table made of mahogany wood and silver inlays; Hepplewhite-brand chairs; linen napkins; crystal and china cutlery; oil paintings on the walls; and windows with slight views of the nearby East River. After BCI took over the building, the original decor was kept, but the dining facilities served "only Italian food and wine".
See also
List of New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan below 14th Street
References
External links
1907 establishments in New York City
Financial District, Manhattan
Lehman Brothers
New York City Designated Landmarks in Manhattan
Office buildings completed in 1907
Office buildings in Manhattan
Historic district contributing properties in Manhattan | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1%20William%20Street |
"Subterraneans" is a song by David Bowie, the closing track of his 1977 album Low. As with most of Side 2, "Subterraneans" is mostly instrumental, with brief, obscure lyrics sung near the song's end.
"Subterraneans" was first recorded in 1975 and intended for the soundtrack to the 1976 film The Man Who Fell to Earth. It was later revisited during the sessions for Low.
Musical characteristics
After the Station to Station sessions ended in November 1975 at Cherokee Studios in Los Angeles, David Bowie recorded "Subterraneans" within those studios in December 1975. The song later received overdubs by Brian Eno.
The sleeve notes of Low credit "Peter and Paul with additional ARP synthesizer and piano". The "Peter and Paul" mentioned are Peter Robinson, who played Fender Rhodes, and Paul Buckmaster (the composer of the string arrangements for the Rolling Stones' "Moonlight Mile") who played the ARP Odyssey. Peter Robinson and Paul Buckmaster worked with Bowie at Cherokee Studios in late 1975 on the aborted movie soundtrack to The Man Who Fell to Earth.
"Subterraneans" was ultimately the most heavily edited song on Low, with David Bowie's saxophone, as well as multilayered synthesizers and reversed instrument sounds from Brian Eno, floating underneath a moaned vocal which is wordless until around the final ninety seconds. The soundscapes contain a cinematic quality which evokes the feel of Miles Davis' landmark album In a Silent Way.
Bowie related the song to the misery of those in East Berlin during the Cold War. According to Bowie, people who "got caught in East Berlin after the separation – hence the faint jazz saxophones representing the memory of what it was."
Live versions
The song was used as an introduction to Bowie's set during the 1995 Outside Tour. It was different from the album version in that its lyrics and musical themes were merged from the song "Scary Monsters" (which would follow "Subterraneans" on the setlists). This version was performed alongside the co-headliners, Nine Inch Nails.
Personnel
David Bowie: Vocals, saxophone, reversed electric guitar, ARP String Ensemble
Paul Buckmaster: ARP Odyssey synthesizer
Peter Robinson : Reversed Fender Rhodes electric piano
Brian Eno: ARP 2600 synthesizer, piano
Carlos Alomar: Reversed electric guitar
George Murray: Reversed bass guitar
Tony Visconti: Production
Other versions
Philip Glass – Low Symphony (1992)
Nine Inch Nails – Live recording (with David Bowie) (1995)
Dylan Howe – Jazz reconstruction for his album Subterranean – New Designs on Bowie's Berlin (2014)
Alva Noto with Martin Gore (vocals) and William Basinski (saxophone) – vinyl and digital single (2022)
References
David Bowie songs
1977 songs
Songs written by David Bowie
Song recordings produced by Tony Visconti
Song recordings produced by David Bowie | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subterraneans |
Jill Forster (born 1936), is an English Australian actress who came to Australia as a model in 1964 and appeared in the Crawford Production series Hunter.
Forster is well known for appearances in TV series, but has also appeared in films and telefilms. She has primarily appeared in small cameo roles, although she is well known as Helen Sheriden in Number 96, replacing original actress Carmen Duncan, and has also had prominent roles in The Restless Years and SeaChange.
Forster has been in numerous other Australian television dramas, including Motel, The Box, Starting Out, Prisoner, A Country Practice, The Flying Doctors and The Power, The Passion. She also acted in the hit sex-comedy film Alvin Purple (1973).
Personal life
Forster married Australian actor and frequent co-star John Stanton in the mid-1970s. They acted together in the TV series Homicide, The Box and Bellamy.
Awards
Filmography (selected)
Film
Television
References
External links
1936 births
Living people
AACTA Award winners
Australian television actresses | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jill%20Forster |
Disco 2000 was a British pop band, a side project of The KLF. Vocals were handled by Cress (Cressida Cauty, née Bowyer), then-wife of KLF co-founder Jimmy Cauty, and "Mo". Between 1987 and 1989, Disco 2000 released three singles on the KLF Communications label, none of which entered the top 75 of the UK Singles Chart.
History
In 1981, Cressida Bowyer and Jimmy Cauty performed in the band Angels 1–5. They later married. In 1987, Jimmy Cauty teamed up with Bill Drummond to form The Justified Ancients of Mu Mu (The JAMs)./ The duo established an independent record label, KLF Communications, as a means to release The JAMs' material, and, as a side project, they dabbled in pop music with 'Disco 2000', a group fronted and vocalised by "Cress" (Cressida Cauty) and "Mo". Disco 2000's debut single, the first of three, was "I Gotta CD", released on 30 October 1987. Neither this nor its follow-up "One Love Nation" (1988) entered the UK Singles Chart. A third single, "Uptight (Everything's Alright)" (1989) peaked at #86 in the UK chart. Music videos were filmed for "One Love Nation" and "Uptight". A track entitled "Feel This" was contributed by the group to the 1989 Eternity Project One LP, compiled by Martin Glover "(Eternity", better known as "Youth"), under the name 'Discotec 2000'.
Cressida and Jimmy Cauty later set up home in a squat that also housed the KLF Communications recording studio, Trancentral. As Drummond and Jimmy Cauty dedicated themselves to The KLF, Cressida took on an organisational role for KLF Communications, in addition to design and choreography work for The KLF, and her own work as an artist.
Reviews
Reporting on a 1988 gig by Disco 2000, NME writer Barbara Ellen described Mo and Cress as "two raucous, wicked, hideously beautiful she-cats with diamonds for brains.... For men, Disco 2000 must be like sex without the draggy chat-up scenario, Mae West without the lard, Madonna staked out in a jacuzzi looking anything but helpless."
In November 1987, NME reviewer James Brown described Disco 2000's single "I Gotta CD" as "A captivating KLF offshoot from the Jamms' backing singers crammed with slogans, metal solos, Farley Jackmaster style pianos, and gorgeously rank clap-a-long choruses. Addictive." A few weeks later, he remarked on the "accessibility" and increasing "dance-awareness" of recent KLF Communications releases "I Gotta CD", "Whitney Joins The JAMs" and "Down Town".
In 2005, International DJ magazine ranked Disco 2000's "Uptight (Everything's Alright)"—a cover of Stevie Wonder's "Uptight"—amongst the twenty "worst cover versions in the history of dance music": "The KLF had some brilliant ideas, but forming their own girl group and covering this classic Stevie Wonder Motown stomper wasn't one of them. The resulting lurid day-glo fusion of Stock, Aitken and Waterman pop, edit-heavy '80s house and dodgy female rap was possibly one of the worst records in the history of the world." In contrast, a retrospective piece on the work of The KLF and related acts by Trouser Press magazine called "Uptight" "entertaining" and "like Bananarama on a rap tip".
Discography
Formats and track listings
Key
Notes
References
KLF Communications artists
English pop girl groups
English pop music duos
Musical groups established in 1987
Musical groups disestablished in 1989 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Disco%202000%20%28band%29 |
The Ice Pirates is a 1984 American comic science fiction film directed by Stewart Raffill, who co-wrote the screenplay with Krull writer Stanford Sherman. The film stars Robert Urich, Mary Crosby and Michael D. Roberts; other notable featured actors are Anjelica Huston, Ron Perlman, Bruce Vilanch, John Carradine and former football player John Matuszak.
Plot
In a distant future, water is so scarce and rationed that it is considered an immensely valuable substance, both as a commodity and as a currency in ice cubes. The Templars of Mithra control the water and they destroy worlds that have natural water, leaving the galaxy virtually dry. Pirates dedicate their lives to raiding ships and looting the ice from the cargo holds to make a living.
Jason is the leader of a band of pirates that raid a Templar cruiser for its ice, and discover the beautiful princess Karina in a stasis pod. He decides to kidnap her, waking her up, and alarming the Templars. Jason and his pirates flee, but are pursued by Templar ships. Jason lets some of his crew, Maida and Zeno, escape while Roscoe stays to help Jason. Both Jason and Roscoe are captured.
After their capture, they meet Killjoy on their way to become slaves but first they will be 'redesigned': castrated and lobotomized. As Roscoe and Jason are shuffled into the processing facility, Killjoy walks past in a stolen monk's habit as priests are spared "just in case". Our heroes are spared this fate, however, when Princess Karina intervenes and purchases them as her slaves, having them work as servants. That evening, they are reunited with Killjoy (disguised as a robot). Jason, Karina, Roscoe, Killjoy, Karina's servant Nanny and her robot butler Percy manage to leave the planet before the Supreme Commander arrives to arrest her.
Princess Karina hires Jason so she can find her father, who has gone missing while searching for the so-called "Seventh World": a lost, mythic planet rumored to contain vast reserves of water. The existence of such a world would threaten the Templars' water monopoly, and therefore their hold on power. The Supreme Commander of the Templars orders Zorn to pursue Princess Karina in order to locate the Seventh World for the Templars.
At some point, Jason keeps a secret that a nasty creature is hiding in their spaceship. Later, they are about to eat a turkey when the creature bursts out of it and runs away. On their next planet, Jason and Roscoe are reunited with their fellow pirates, Maida and Zeno. They proceed to locate the "lost" planet, which contains massive amounts of water and is protected by a time-distortion field. The planet must be approached on a specific course or the ship will be lost in time forever. As the heroes' ship enters the distortion field, Zorn pursues and attacks them with a host of Templars and robots. This results in a climactic battle as time randomly speeds up and everyone quickly ages into extreme old age.
In the end, the day is saved by the now-adult son of Karina and Jason, the result of a romantic tryst just before entering the time distortion field. As the heroes exit the field, everyone's ages regress to what they originally were, leaving Jason and Karina with the knowledge that they will have a child together. The Templar ship has disappeared as it veered off the designated course during the attack and has now become lost in time for eternity. The crew looks on as they approach the Seventh World, which is revealed to be Earth.
Cast
Production
The film was made at MGM, then under David Begelman, with John Foreman as producer. It was originally called The Water Planet and had a $20 million budget, based on a script by Stanford Sherman, writer of Krull. However, as MGM was in financial difficulty, its bankers put a limit of $8 million on all films. Begelman and Foreman contacted Stewart Raffill, whose film High Risk (1981) had impressed them. Raffill said he would have to rewrite it and make it more comic, and they agreed. Rafill and Foreman said pirate movies like The Crimson Pirate were the main inspiration and they deliberately did not watch Star Wars.
MGM had a contract with Robert Urich to make a TV series and insisted on him being cast. John Foreman wanted Anjelica Huston, a personal friend, in the film. John Matuszak was cast because one of the financiers liked him. "It wasn’t my concept," Rafill added. "We just put everything we could in it to make a joke and funny and told the story." Filming started March 1983. "We got lots of high-tech parts from car engines and gearings and poured molds out of them," said Rafill. "We didn't want to be sleek and
spaceship-like, but rather a kind of super-funky, steam engine high-tech, with pistons and gearing — a real hodgepodge. The idea was that these space pirates didn't have good equipment, and had to make do with whatever they could find."
Production was difficult due in part to MGM getting a new studio head, Frank Yablans. Raffill says the film "ended up being a fiasco... MGM went through a transition and they brought in a new guy, who was eventually found out to be stealing money from the company. He was a little problematic sort of a fellow. And he had a bad time with John Foreman so he tried to sabotage the film. Pulled the money out on them, but we did finish it." Raffill says "Turns out the producer was a close friend of Paul Newman's and the studio head had said something derogatory about Paul Newman's wife and so the producer had punched him!" "At the end of the film, they were meant to arrive at Earth and they fly over the beaches of Malibu with everyone swimming in the water and the studio head cut that out! He never told me and it was gone. I had to drink vodka to calm myself down."
Reception
The film is somewhat tongue-in-cheek and often compared to Star Wars. Upon its release, The New York Times described it as a "busy, bewildering, exceedingly jokey science-fiction film that looks like a Star Wars spin-off made in an underdeveloped galaxy."
On Rotten Tomatoes it has an approval rating of 17% based on reviews from 12 critics.
In a slightly more positive retrospective review, Jay Bauman and Rich Evans of Red Letter Media praised the ridiculous and chaotic nature of the film's structure and plot while noting that its production and budget issues gave the film a certain charm.
See also
List of American films of 1984
List of space pirates
References
Notes
External links
Badmovies.org reader review
Sound samples of the film score
1984 films
1980s science fiction comedy films
American science fiction comedy films
American space adventure films
American satirical films
Films about water
Films about water scarcity
Films directed by Stewart Raffill
Puppet films
Films produced by John Foreman (producer)
Films scored by Bruce Broughton
Films set on fictional planets
Films shot in California
Films shot in Los Angeles
Pirate films
Space pirates
Water scarcity in fiction
Metro-Goldwyn-Mayer films
1984 comedy films
1980s English-language films
1980s American films | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Ice%20Pirates |
Craig Anderson is an Australian director, producer and actor best known for his comedic turns in the Australian television series' Double the Fist, Review with Myles Barlow, Laid, and award-winning short films Life in a Datsun, Demon Datsun, and Life in a Volkswagen. He directed the horror feature film Red Christmas.
Anderson is a physical media enthusiast and notably has an VHS collection with over 8500 tapes.
Early life
Anderson grew up in St Clair, New South Wales, a suburb of Western Sydney.
Anderson has a First Class Honors in Performance and Theory from the University of Western Sydney.
Career
Anderson first gained success as a filmmaker in 1999, when he collaborated with university friend Brian Moses to create the short film Life in a Datsun. The short was screened at the Tropfest and St Kilda Film Festival to great acclaim. In 2000, they followed it up with Life in a Volkswagen.
The success of Anderson's short films with Moses lead to the Australian Broadcasting Corporation commissioning their late night TV series Double the Fist. The show is a satire of lifestyle television and features the characters pursuing the "most extreme lifestyle choices they can make". Anderson was frustrated with representation on Australian television and wanted the show to be "lower-class people having cool fantasies and action adventures". In a shock upset, the series beat Kath & Kim to win the 2004 Australian Film Institute award for best comedy series. The series returned for a second season in 2008.
In 2008, Anderson also featured in three episodes of the ABC TV show Review With Myles Barlow. Anderson served as associate producer and first assistant director on the series
In 2013, Anderson was the subject of a six-part Observational Documentary series Next Stop Hollywood, which followed him around Hollywood during pilot series. In 2014, he shared directing duties on Australia's first Indigenous sketch Comedy series Black Comedy. Anderson and fellow director Bec Cole won the AACTA award for Best Direction in TV Light Entertainment or Reality Series for the series.
Between directing television projects, in 2016, Anderson directed his first feature film, Red Christmas. The film was inspired by Tony Kaye's exploration of abortion in Lake of Fire. Gary Doust's documentary Horror Movie: A Low Budget Nightmare depicts Anderson's journey creating the film.
In 2023, Anderson started an analytical film podcast called Film Versus Film with Bruce and Herschel Isaacs from The University of Sydney. The hosts compare two wildly different films each episode, in an effort to understand cinematic trends and what defines iconic films. The first season also features a series of reflections on what media influenced them growing up in Western Sydney working-class families during the late 80s and early 90s.
Filmography
Actor
Life in a Datsun (short 1999)
Life in a Volkswagen (short 2000)
Bootmen (2000)
Video Dare (TV series 2000)
Double the Fist (TV series 2004–2008)
Miscast (short 2010)
Charity Hurts (video 2010)
Review with Myles Barlow (TV series 2008–2010)
Laid (TV series 2011)
Bernie (Web series 2011)
Late Night Angel Weenie Baby (Web series 2011)
Dating Emergency 101 (Web series 2011)
Next Stop Hollywood (Documentary 2013)
The Moodys (TV series 2014)
Black Comedy (TV series 2014)
Maximum Choppage (TV Series 2015)
Miso Hungry (Documentary 2015)
Tay Man (Tropfest Short 2016)
The Lost Tapes (TV Mini Series 2017)
The Moth Effect (TV Mini Series 2021)
Director
Life in a Datsun (short 1999)
Life in a Volkswagen (short 2000)
Double the Fist (TV series 2004–2008)
Black Comedy (TV Series 2014)
How Not to Behave (TV Series 2015)
Red Christmas (2016)
The Moth Effect (TV Mini Series 2021)
History Bites Back (Documentary 2021)
We Interrupt This Broadcast (TV series) (TV Series 2023)
References
External links
Craig Anderson on The Grave Plot Podcast
Film Versus Film Podcast
Australian male television actors
Living people
Place of birth missing (living people)
Western Sydney University alumni
1978 births | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Craig%20Anderson%20%28actor%29 |
Gottfried Kirch (; also Kirche , Kirkius; 18 December 1639 – 25 July 1710) was a German astronomer and the first "Astronomer Royal" in Berlin and, as such, director of the nascent Berlin Observatory.
Life and work
The son of Michael Kirch, a shoemaker in Guben, Electorate of Saxony, initially he worked as a schoolmaster in Langgrün and Neundorf near Lobenstein. He also worked as a calendar-maker in Saxonia and Franconia. He began to learn astronomy with Erhard Weigel in Jena, and with Hevelius in Danzig. In Danzig in 1667, Kirch published calendars and built several telescopes and instruments. In 1679 he invented a screw micrometer for astronomical measurements. He became an astronomer working in Coburg, Leipzig and Guben as well from 1700 in Berlin.
In the last quarter of the 17th century, Kirch was the most-read calendar maker and counted as one of the leading Germans. In 1680 he discovered a comet with a telescope for the first time: Komet C/1680 V1, called Kirch's comet. In 1681 he discovered the Wild Duck Cluster M 11. In 1686 he went to Leipzig. Together with the farmer and astronomer Christoph Arnold he observed the comets of that year. In the same year he discovered the Mira variable χ Cygni. He also dedicated much time to observing the double star Mizar. He introduced three new constellations, the "Globus cruciger" (""), the "Electoral Sword" ("") and the Sceptre of Brandenburg, which however were not recognized and adopted by the International Astronomical Union (IAU). Via Arnold he met his second wife Maria Margaretha Winkelmann (1670–1720), who had learnt astronomy from self-study and from Arnold. While jointly observing the comet of 1702, they discovered the globular cluster M 5 (5 May 1702). In 1699, he had observed comet 55P/Tempel-Tuttle but this observation was not recognized until later analysis by Joachim Schubart.
For a long period, he was unable to find employment, so he had to earn his living through the publication of Almanacs/ Calendars. He was assisted in the calculations by his second wife and their children. A few series of almanacs appeared across several decades. For a time, he published up to 13 almanacs a year, a few appearing under pseudonyms, and he also continued established almanacs from other authors under their name. As examples could be cited Christian-, Jewish- und Turkish-Almanac, the Gipsy-Almanac the Sibylla Ptolemaein, a Gipsywoman from Alexandria in Egypten, the Astronomischen Wunder-Kalender, the Wahrhaftigen Himmels-Boten, the Gespenster- und Haushaltungs-Kalender by Johann Friedrich von Rosenfeld / Der Astronomiae Ergebener and from 1700 the various Academy Almanacs as "Astronomer Royal" in Berlin.
It is only recently that the importance of the Kirch's Almanacs has been recognized for the distribution of ideas of the Enlightenment and Pietism to the wider population. The functions of almanacs are Information, Education and Discussion. Kirch's Calendars are noted additionally for the announcement of both his own results as well as results from abroad. A few almanacs anticipate the Astronomisches Jahrbuch. Further aspects are the transmission of new ideas to ordinary people in conjunction with a growing distancing from astrological superstition and criticisms of orthodox beliefs. The accompaniment to all almanacs Zugaben / Oder Astrologisches Bedencken / von dem Lauff und der Wirckung des Gestirnten Himmels / ... (example from the Zigeuner-Kalender) had been demanded by the publishers, as otherwise the almanacs did not sell well. Astrological ideas were still not fully overcome at this time, but he attacked the practice of astrological forecasting and the mendacity of many almanac makers of his time as being a sin against God, especially prophecies regarding war and peace.
Beginning in 1675 he pursued the idea of founding an Astronomical Society in Germany. It was to be open to all astronomers independent of nationality or religious persuasion. He promoted the idea that all astronomers should send their observations to a central location where they could be published as soon as possible. He considered Frankfurt am Main to be the ideal location, for one because of the Messe (fair) and on the other hand because of its easy connection to the Netherlands via the Rivers Main and Rhine. The planned society should also serve to coordinate the observing of astronomical events such as eclipses and transits of planets. In particular he organized observations of the transit of Mercury on 31 October or 1 November 1690 in quasi-military fashion. However he appears to have made no concrete steps to set up such a society.
Then in 1700 he was appointed the first astronomer of the Royal Society of Sciences ("") in Berlin on 10 May by Prince-elector Friedrich III. of Brandenburg (from 1701: King Friedrich I. of Prussia). The founding of the associated Berlin Observatory was a reaction to the new national observatories in Greenwich, Paris and St. Petersburg. To finance the academy, the Prince-Elector conferred the "" on it (a monopoly on publishing almanacs). Kirch and his wife were therefore obliged to finance the academy by their almanac calculations.
After his death, his wife continued the almanac calculations. His son Christfried Kirch became director of the Observatory in 1716. When Prussia incorporated the new province of Silesia in the 1740s, a further almanac was needed to be drawn up for the Catholics, and for that issue the academy employed his daughter Christine Kirch (1696–1782). After 1700, two calendar variants were in force in the Holy Roman Empire: the Gregorian Calendar in the catholic, the (improved Reich calendar) in the Protestant regions, however the latter differed from the former solely in respect of calculation of the date of Easter.
The crater Kirch on the Moon and the asteroid 6841 Gottfriedkirch are named after him.
Kirch studied the double star Mizar.
He died in Berlin at the age of seventy.
Selected publications
Wunderstern am Hals des Walfisches. Leipzig 1678
Eilfertiger kurtzer Bericht an einen guten Freund von dem Neuen Cometen dieses 1682. Jahrs. 1682
Kirch also published his calendar, Philosophical Transactions, an Acta Eruditorum and Miscellanea Berolinensia.
See also
List of astronomical instrument makers
References
Sources
Robert Burnham Jr.: Burnham's Celestial Handbook, Volume Two, p. 762
Messier Catalog: Online Biography of Gottfried Kirch
17th-century German astronomers
Discoverers of comets
1639 births
1710 deaths
Members of the Prussian Academy of Sciences
People from the Electorate of Saxony
University of Jena alumni
18th-century German astronomers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gottfried%20Kirch |
L is the second album by Godley & Creme. It was released in 1978. At 34 minutes, it is less than a third as long as the group's previous effort, the ill-received triple concept album Consequences (1977). Despite this, L was also not received well commercially.
The songs contain much variation and artistry, dissonances, complex time signatures and melodies, poetic lyrics, and some echoes from Frank Zappa's Over-Nite Sensation (1973). Zappa is even name-checked on the song "Art School Canteen." The album was played almost completely by Godley and Creme, except for saxophones, and a brief vocal cameo by Paul Gambaccini.
The lyrics retained the satirical stance of some 10cc material, with songs such as "The Sporting Life" and "Art School Canteen", which deal with suicide and art school angst.
The album cover depicts an "L-plate", used in some countries to designate vehicles with novice drivers ("Learner"). Although the duo were generally known as 'Godley and Creme', the original cover merely repeats their surnames around its perimeter (on the back) and delineates their 'group' name as 'Godley + Creme' on the spine.
Track listing
Side 1
"The Sporting Life" – 7:25
"Sandwiches of You" – 3:17
"Art School Canteen" – 3:00
"Group Life" – 4:11
Side 2
"Punchbag" – 4:44
"Foreign Accents" – 4:37
"Hit Factory/Business Is Business" – 7:08
Personnel
Credits sourced from the original album liner notes and "Sound International"
Kevin Godley – lead and backing vocals, drums (1, 2, 4, 5), xylophone (1, 2, 6), roto-toms (1), percussion (1, 2, 7), congas (3), triangle (4), clavinet (5), high-hat (6), tonal percussion (6), snare drum (6), bongos (7), drum machine (7), bass guitar (4)
Lol Creme – lead and backing vocals, piano (1, 3-7), Rhodes electric piano (1, 4), guitars (1, 2, 4-7), Kramer bass guitar (1, 2, 5-7), Gizmo (1, 3, 5, 7), Farfisa organ (1), Guild 12-string acoustic guitar (3), Guild acoustic bass guitar (3), clavinet (4, 6), drums (7)
Andy Mackay – baritone (7), tenor (6, 7), soprano (7), and alto saxophone (6, 7)
Paul Gambaccini – Bad Samaritan voices (1)
Jonathan Handelsman – alto and soprano saxophones (4)
Chris Gray, Nigel Gray – engineers
References
1978 albums
Godley & Creme albums
Mercury Records albums | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/L%20%28Godley%20%26%20Creme%20album%29 |
In re Debs, 158 U.S. 564 (1895), was a US labor law case of the United States Supreme Court decision handed down concerning Eugene V. Debs and labor unions.
Background
Eugene V. Debs, president of the American Railway Union, had been involved in the Pullman Strike earlier in 1894 and challenged the federal injunction ordering the strikers back to work where they would face being fired. The injunction had been issued because of the violent nature of the strike. However, Debs refused to end the strike and was subsequently cited for contempt of court; he appealed the decision to the courts.
The main question being debated was whether the federal government had a right to issue the injunction, which dealt with both interstate and intrastate commerce and shipping on rail cars.
Judgment
Justice David Josiah Brewer for a unanimous court held that the U.S. government had a right to regulate interstate commerce and ensure the operations of the Postal Service, along with a responsibility to "ensure the general welfare of the public." Justice Brewer said the following in summing up the judgment:
Significance
In Loewe v. Lawlor the Supreme Court stated that unions were in fact potentially liable for antitrust violations. In response Congress passed the Clayton Act of 1914 to take unions out of antitrust law. Debs would go on to lose another Supreme Court case in Debs v. United States.
See also
US labor law
In re
Debs v. United States
List of United States Supreme Court cases, volume 158
Notes
References
Papke, David Ray. (1999) The Pullman Case: The Clash of Labor and Capital in Industrial America. Lawrence, Kansas: University Press of Kansas
External links
United States Constitution Article One case law
United States Supreme Court cases
United States Commerce Clause case law
United States labor case law
1895 in United States case law
Rail transport strikes
United States Supreme Court cases of the Fuller Court
Eugene V. Debs | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/In%20re%20Debs |
Penelope Trevor (born 1960) professionally known as Pepe Trevor, is an Australian actress, screenwriter, journalist and author and visual artist, who is perhaps best known for her role as young card sharp and trouble-maker, Lexie Patterson in Prisoner (1985–86).
Biography
Trevor was born in Sydney, and moved to Melbourne at the age of six. She made a name as an actress in various Australian television series during the 1980s. Later in life, Trevor began writing, and won the Dobbie Award in the 1997 Nita Kibble Literary Awards for her first novel, Listening for Small Sounds. Her second novel, Another Man's Office, came out in 2000. As a journalist, Trevor has contributed articles for The Melbourne Weekly Magazine. Trevor was married to violinist and music teacher, Matthew Arnold, and they have two sons. She is the daughter of television producer, Marie Trevor (born Brisbane, Queensland, 1922 - 7 June 2000), who also worked on Prisoner
She was portrayed by Sarah Snook in the 2015 Australian romantic drama film, Holding the Man, based on her friend, Timothy Conigrave's, memoir of the same name.
Bibliography
Listening for Small Sounds. (1996)
Another Man's Office. (2000)
Filmography
External links
Pepe Trevor talks about her dental problems
References
Australian journalists
Australian women novelists
Australian film actresses
Australian soap opera actresses
Living people
20th-century Australian actresses
21st-century Australian actresses
1960 births | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pepe%20Trevor |
Stanovo () was one of five city municipalities which constituted the City of Kragujevac. According to the 2002 census, 39,252 residents lived in the municipality, while the urban area had 32,965 residents. The municipality was formed in May 2002, only to be dissolved in March 2008.
Inhabited places
The Municipality of Stanovo was composed of the following suburbs:
Stanovo
Veliko Polje
Korićani
Male Pčelice - Staro selo
Male Pčelice-Novo Naselje
Trešnjevak
Adžine Livade
Erdeč
Vinjište
Goločelo
Grošnica
Dragobraća
Đuriselo
Drenovac
Drača
Divostin
Prekopeča
Rogojevac
Kutlovo
References
External links
Šumadija
Defunct urban municipalities of Kragujevac
Šumadija District | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stanovo |
Melvin Douglas Queen (March 26, 1942 – May 11, 2011) was an American professional baseball player, manager, coach, scout and executive. He played all or part of nine seasons as an outfielder and pitcher in Major League Baseball, and also served for four seasons as a pitching coach. He batted left-handed and threw right-handed.
Early life
Queen's father, Melvin Joseph Queen (1918–1982), was a Major League pitcher for the New York Yankees and Pittsburgh Pirates for parts of eight seasons from 1942 to 1952. The younger Mel Queen was born in Johnson City, New York and the family moved to California in the early 1950s when his father was playing for the Hollywood Stars of the Pacific Coast League. He was signed to a bonus by the Reds after a stellar three-sport high school career at San Luis Obispo High School in San Luis Obispo, California, where he was a teammate of future Major League pitcher Jim Lonborg.
Professional career
Cincinnati Reds
Queen started his minor league career as a third baseman with the Palatka Redlegs of the Florida State League. The following year, Queen led Three-I League third basemen with 228 assists while playing for the Topeka Reds. After spending 1962 with the Macon Peaches, Queen was converted into an outfielder in 1963 while with the San Diego Padres, at the time the Reds' Triple-A affiliate in the Pacific Coast League.
In 1964, Queen started the season with the major league Reds, making his MLB debut on Opening Day, April 13, as a pinch hitter in the sixth inning, lining out to center field off Houston Astros pitcher Ken Johnson. He got his first hit 11 days later with a single against the San Francisco Giants, off future Hall of Famer Juan Marichal. He spent the entire season with the Reds, appearing in 46 games and batting .200.
Conversion to pitching
After spending nearly all of 1965 back with the minor league Padres, appearing in only five games for the Reds, Queen returned to the majors full-time in 1966. It was this season that he was again converted, this time into a pitcher.
He made his pitching debut on July 15 against the St. Louis Cardinals, pitching the ninth inning of a blowout loss. Altogether, he appeared in 56 games for the Reds, 32 as an outfielder, seven as a pitcher, and the rest as a pinch-hitter. As a pitcher, he compiled a 6.43 earned run average in seven relief appearances for the Reds and did not have a decision.
Queen's most productive season came in 1967, when he posted a 14-8 record and a 2.76 ERA in 31 games, striking out 154 batters in a career-high 195.2 innings pitched, while allowing two or less earned runs in 15 of his 24 starts. His season highlights included a six-hit shutout against the San Francisco Giants in his first career start on April 16, and a two-hit shutout against the New York Mets on September 8.
Queen developed shoulder problems including a torn rotator cuff and missed most of the 1968 season, then spent much of 1969 in the minor leagues.
California Angels
Queen was purchased by the California Angels in October 1969. He appeared in 34 games in 1970, all but three in relief, posting a record of 3-6 and an ERA of 4.20 with nine saves. In 1971, he pitched in 44 games, all in relief, and posted a career-best 1.78 ERA. In 1972, he appeared in 17 games, posting a 4.35 ERA with no decisions, while spending part of the year back in the minor leagues. It was his last year as an active player.
Career overview
In a seven-season career, Queen went 20–17 with a 3.14 ERA and 14 saves in 140 games, giving up 154 runs (136 earned) on 336 hits and 143 walks while striking out 306 in 389.2 innings of work. As a pitcher, Queen relied almost entirely on his fastball.
"I just went to the mound and threw as hard as I could", he said in an interview.
Even after his conversion to pitching, he occasionally came off the bench to pinch-hit against right-handed pitchers, finishing his career with a collective .179 average with two home runs and 25 runs batted in through 269 games as a hitter.
Coaching career
Following his playing career, Queen managed a friend's seafood restaurant and was thus able to spend more time with his wife Gail and their three children. Queen joined the Indians' organization in 1979 as a minor league pitching coach after former manager Dave Bristol recommended him, and had a stint on their major league staff in 1982. He later joined the Los Angeles Dodgers organization, serving as manager of the Bakersfield Dodgers in 1985.
In 1986, Queen joined the Toronto Blue Jays, where he would play a significant role in the development of the homegrown players during their 11 straight winning seasons. He started as a coach, being promoted as their farm director in 1990 and served as their major league pitching coach from 1996 through 1999. During his four seasons in that role, two Toronto hurlers won three consecutive Cy Young Awards as the top pitcher in the American League — Pat Hentgen in 1996 and Roger Clemens in the 1997 and 1998 seasons.
In addition, Queen was instrumental in helping shape the careers of a number of top Blue Jays players, to include pitchers Chris Carpenter, Pat Hentgen, Todd Stottlemyre, Mike Timlin, David Wells and Woody Williams; infielders Alex Gonzalez and Jeff Kent, as well as outfielders Shawn Green and Shannon Stewart, among some other notables.
Queen also served as the Blue Jays interim manager for the final five games of the 1997 season after Cito Gaston was let go, and later became a scout for the organization.
Nevertheless, one of his major achievements came in 2000, when the Blue Jays coaxed him out of retirement to help revive the sagging career of Roy Halladay, by then a 23-year-old pitcher. Queen met Halladay in Dunedin, Florida, where the Jays had sent their once-promising hurler after his ERA had soared to 10.64 in the major leagues, at which he ran a virtual boot camp for Halladay, rebuilding his delivery, teaching him new grips for his pitches and helping him develop a new mental approach.
"There's no one I made that drastic a change to and verbally abused the way I did Doc", Queen explained after Halladay won his first Cy Young Award in 2003. "There aren’t many people that would have gone through what I put him through. I had to make him understand that he was very unintelligent about baseball. He had no idea about the game", he added.
In 2009, then Toronto's general manager J. P. Ricciardi brought Queen out of retirement again to serve as a senior advisor, working on special assignments with minor league pitchers, retaining that position for the rest of his life.
Managerial record
Personal life
Queen's brother-in-law was Jim Lonborg, whose sister Celia Lonborg, Queen married and with whom he had a son Steven Queen. Lonborg had also been Queen's high school teammate. Lonborg pitched from 1965 to 1979 for the Boston Red Sox, Milwaukee Brewers and Philadelphia Phillies.
Mel Queen was a longtime resident of Morro Bay, California, where he died at age 69 on May 11, 2011, as a result of complications from cancer.
He was survived by his second wife of 44 years, Gail, his daughter Shirlee and her two children, Tanner and Rocky, as well as his son Jeffrey Todd Queen and his two children, Ashley and Jeffrey, as well as his son Steven from his first marriage. He is also survived by 2 stepsons and 7 step-grandchildren .
See also
List of second-generation Major League Baseball players
Notes
External links
, or Retrosheet
SABR Biography Project
Venezuelan Winter League
1942 births
2011 deaths
American expatriate baseball people in Canada
American expatriate baseball players in Mexico
Baseball coaches from New York (state)
Baseball players from New York (state)
California Angels players
Deaths from cancer in California
Cincinnati Reds players
Cleveland Indians coaches
Florida Instructional League Astros/Reds players
Indianapolis Indians players
Macon Peaches players
Major League Baseball pitchers
Major League Baseball pitching coaches
Major League Baseball left fielders
Major League Baseball right fielders
Palatka Redlegs players
People from Johnson City, New York
People from Morro Bay, California
Petroleros de Poza Rica players
Salt Lake City Angels players
San Diego Padres (minor league) players
Seattle Rainiers players
Baseball players from San Luis Obispo County, California
Syracuse Chiefs managers
Tigres de Aragua players
American expatriate baseball players in Venezuela
Topeka Reds players
Toronto Blue Jays coaches
Toronto Blue Jays executives
Toronto Blue Jays managers
Toronto Blue Jays scouts | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mel%20Queen%20%28pitcher/outfielder%29 |
HKP 562 was the site of a Nazi forced labor camp for Jews in Vilnius, Lithuania, during the Holocaust.
It was centered around 47 & 49 Subačiaus Street, in apartment buildings originally built to house poor members of the Jewish community. The camp was used by the German army as a slave labor camp from September 1943 until July 1944.
During that interval, the camp was officially owned and administered by the SS, but run on a day-to-day basis by a Wehrmacht engineering unit, Heereskraftfahrpark (HKP) 562 (Army Motor Vehicle Repair Park 562), stationed in Vilnius. HKP 562's commanding officer, Major Karl Plagge, was sympathetic to the plight of his Jewish workers. Plagge and some of his men made efforts to protect the Jews of the camp from the murderous intent of the SS. It was partially due to the covert resistance to the Nazi policy of genocide toward the Jews by members of the HKP 562 engineering unit that over 250 Jewish men, women and children survived the final liquidation of the camp in July 1944, the single largest group of Jewish survivors of the Holocaust in Vilnius.
Establishment
After having hired endangered Jews in the Vilna Ghetto to work in his unit's workshops from 1941 to 1943, thereby protecting the workers and their families from the murderous activities of the SS, the HKP camp was hastily erected in September 1943 when Plagge learned of the impending liquidation of the Vilna Ghetto, where all inhabitants were to be killed regardless of their work papers.
Plagge first traveled to Kaunas to the Wehrmacht headquarters and then to Riga to the SS administrative offices to argue on behalf of establishing a free-standing camp outside of the Vilna Ghetto. He met considerable resistance, especially from the SS, regarding this plan and his insistence that the women and children not be separated from the men, which he said would negatively affect worker morale and productivity. He was ultimately successful and on the evening of September 16, 1943, drove a convoy of trucks into the Vilna Ghetto and loaded more than 1,200 endangered Jewish ghetto residents onto his trucks and transported them to the relative safety of the newly erected HKP camp on Subocz (Subačiaus) Street.
The camp centered around two parallel residential houses built in 1898 by baron Hirsch for poor Jewish residents. The inhabitants were evicted by the Nazis in 1941 and later executed in the Paneriai massacre.
One week later the Vilna Ghetto was liquidated by the SS and its 15,000 remaining residents were either killed in the nearby killing grounds at Ponary or transported to concentration camps across Nazi-occupied Europe. Documents found by the Jewish Museum in Vilnius show that the camp housed 1,234 Jewish men, women and children. Initially, only men were employed in vehicle repair workshops in and around the camp; however, after an attempt was made by the SS to transfer the women and children to the Kaunas concentration camp in January 1944, Plagge engaged two clothing manufacturers to set up clothing repair shops in the top two floors of one of the apartment buildings and put the women and older children to work so that they would not appear to be idle to outside observers.
Plagge also gave orders that "the civilians are to be treated with respect", and thus the camp was largely free of the abuse and brutality found in most slave labor camps. Importantly, Plagge undertook great efforts to supplement the starvation-level rations for Polish and the even smaller rations for Jewish workers. While in the ghetto in Vilnius smuggling of food was punishable by death, under Plagge's command a blind eye was turned on the black market for food in the camp. Due to these measures no prisoner died of starvation in the camp. Similarly, the work hours were relatively humane, consisting of "only" twelve hours including a one-hour break.
In spite of the generally benign attitude of the officers and men of the HKP unit, the SS did enter the camp on several occasions and committed atrocities. Most notable was the Kinderaktion (an operation against the camp's children) on 27 March 1944, during which the SS, supervised by Martin Weiss, removed the vast majority of the 250 children living in the camp, who were then taken to their deaths.
Liquidation
As the Red Army approached Vilnius in late June 1944, the Wehrmacht prepared to retreat. The Jewish prisoners in the camp were aware (having heard news reports from the BBC on covert radio sets) that whenever the Red Army liberated a Jewish slave-labor camp, they found all the inmates dead, having been shot by SS killing squads just before the Germans retreated. Thus many of the prisoners had been working on hiding places (called Malines) or escape plans in the months leading up to the summer of 1944. But they needed to know when the SS squads would arrive to exterminate the prisoners. On Saturday, 1 July 1944, Plagge entered the camp, with SS Oberscharfürhrer Richter at his side and made an informal speech as the camp's Jewish prisoners gathered around him. Plagge announced that he and his men had been ordered to withdraw to the west, and that he had not been able to obtain permission to take the workers with the unit; however he reassured them that the prisoners were to be relocated by the SS on Monday, July 3, and commented that they should not worry because they all knew that the SS was an organization devoted to the protection of refugees. With this covert warning, more than half the camp's prisoners went into hiding before the SS death squads arrived on 3 July 1944. The 500 prisoners who did appear at the roll call called by the SS were taken to the forest of Paneriai and shot. Over the next three days the SS searched the camp and its surroundings and succeeded in finding half of the missing prisoners; these 250 Jews were shot in the camp courtyard and behind Building 2. However, when the Red Army captured Vilnius a few days later, some 250 of the camp's Jews emerged from their hiding places and were the largest single group of Jewish survivors of the Holocaust in Vilnius.
After the end of the war, the apartment blocks were reverted to residential housing once more. After the restoration of the independence of Lithuania, commemorative plaques were installed on the buildings and a memorial was built nearby.
Recent Research
In July and August 2017 a research team led by Richard Freund from the University of Hartford conducted archeological surveys of the former HKP camp site using non-invasive techniques such as Ground Penetrating Radar, Electric Resistance Tomography and drone-obtained high-resolution topographical maps. Their studies strongly supported the testimony which placed the location of a large mass grave from the final liquidation of the camp at the south end of the courtyard (under the current memorials as well as the parking area). They also confirmed the location of two pits in a trench near the outside wall of building number two (the western building) where witnesses reported that prisoners were shot and buried in a long trench along the side of the building. Additionally using drawings and written accounts of camp survivors the team was able to locate the "large maline" where 100 men, women and children succeeded in hiding during the final days of the camp and thus evaded the SS killing squads that descended on the camp on July 3–5, 1944.
Notable people
Major Karl Plagge
Former Prisoners at HKP 562:
Hirsch Schwartzberg, Jewish leader of Holocaust survivors (Yiddish: בפרייטה יידין אויף ברלין) under the American occupation of Berlin
Samuel Bak
Samuel Esterowicz
References
External links
Chronicles of the Vilna Ghetto: wartime photographs & documents - vilnaghetto.com
The Search for Major Plagge website
Jewish Lithuanian history
Nazi concentration camps in Lithuania
History of Vilnius | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/HKP%20562%20forced%20labor%20camp |
Alberto Álvaro Ríos (born September 18, 1952) is a US academic and writer who is the author of ten books and chapbooks of poetry, three collections of short stories, and a memoir.
Rios was named Arizona's first state poet laureate in August 2013, a position he continues to hold.
Life
Alberto Ríos graduated from University of Arizona with an MFA. He is a Regents' Professor at Arizona State University, where he has taught since 1982 and where he holds the further distinction of the Katharine C. Turner Endowed Chair in English.
His book A Small Story About the Sky was published in 2015 by Copper Canyon Press. Other books of poems include The Dangerous Shirt, along with The Theater of Night, winner of the 2007 PEN/Beyond Margins Award, The Smallest Muscle in the Human Body, finalist for the National Book Award, Teodoro Luna's Two Kisses, The Lime Orchard Woman, The Warrington Poems, Five Indiscretions, and Whispering to Fool the Wind, which won the Walt Whitman Award.
His three collections of short stories are The Curtain of Trees, Pig Cookies and The Iguana Killer, which won the first Western States Book Award for Fiction, judged by Robert Penn Warren.
His memoir about growing up on the Mexico-Arizona border, called Capirotada, won the Latino Literary Hall of Fame Award and was designated the OneBookArizona choice for 2009.
Ríos is the recipient of the Western Literature Association Distinguished Achievement Award, the Arizona Governor's Arts Award, fellowships from the Guggenheim Foundation and the National Endowment for the Arts, the Walt Whitman Award, the Western States Book Award for Fiction, six Pushcart Prizes in both poetry and fiction, and inclusion in The Norton Anthology of Modern Poetry.
In 2014, he was elected a Chancellor of the Academy of American Poets.
Ríos is also a host for ASU's Walter Cronkite School of Journalism and Mass Communication's KAET. He hosted the litereray interview show Books & Co. from 2009 to 2018. He currently hosts the arts interview show Art in the 48.
Bibliography
Poetry
His books of poems include:
A Small Story About the Sky, Copper Canyon Press, 2015,
The Theater of Night, Copper Canyon Press, 2006,
nominated for the National Book Award,
Teodoro Luna's Two Kisses W. W. Norton, Incorporated, 1992,
The Lime Orchard Woman Sheep Meadow Press, 1988,
The Warrington Poems, Pyracantha Press, Arizona State University, School of Art, 1989
Five Indiscretions The Sheep Meadow Press, 1985,
Whispering to Fool the Wind, Sheep Meadow Press, 1982,
Sleeping on Fists (Dooryard Press, 1981)
Elk Heads on the Wall(Mango Publications, 1979)
Spring in the Only Place Spring Was
Short story collections
The Curtain of Trees
Pig Cookies
The Secret Lion
Non-fiction
Capirotada, University of New México Press, 1999, , a memoir about growing up on the Mexican border
Honors
Guggenheim Foundation fellowship
National Endowment for the Arts fellowship
Walt Whitman Award
Outstanding Latino/a Cultural Award in Literary Arts or Publications, American Association of Hispanics in Higher Education (AAHHE), 2004
Western States Book Award for fiction
Pushcart Prize - awarded 6 times for both poetry and fiction
2005 Historymaker selection by the Arizona History Society's Museum, a Smithsonian affiliate, at Papago Park, Tempe, Arizona
2007 recipient of the PEN/Beyond Margins Award for The Theater of Night
Notes
References
Wild, Peter (1998). Alberto Ríos. Boise, Idaho: Boise State University "Western Writers Series" #131. pp. 51.
External links
Alberto Álvaro Ríos faculty/personal website – Arizona State University
1952 births
Living people
Arizona State University faculty
American male poets
American short story writers
American memoirists
University of Arizona alumni
People from Nogales, Arizona
People from Chandler, Arizona
Poets Laureate of Arizona
Poets from Arizona
American male short story writers
American male non-fiction writers | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberto%20R%C3%ADos |
Jennifer Kay Ludlam (born 23 July 1951 in Taumarunui, New Zealand) is a New Zealand-born actress, who remains best known for her roles in Australian television.
Acting roles
In Australia, she was a regular cast member in the short-lived soap opera Waterloo Station (1983) followed by guest stints on Prisoner (as Janice Grant in 1984), and Sons and Daughters. She was also a presenter on the long-running ABC children's TV series Play School. Returning to New Zealand, Ludlam has had roles in several television shows, movies and theatre productions.
Honours
In the 2005 New Year Honours, Ludlam was appointed a Member of the New Zealand Order of Merit, for services to the theatre.
Filmography
Film
Television
References
External links
Jennifer Ludlam: NZ On Screen
New Zealand television actresses
Australian television actresses
Living people
1951 births
Members of the New Zealand Order of Merit
New Zealand expatriates in Australia
Australian children's television presenters
New Zealand children's television presenters
People from Taumarunui | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jenny%20Ludlam |
Spelaeogriphacea is an order of crustaceans that grow to no more than . Little is known about the ecology of the order.
Only four species, all subterranean, have been described. Of the three genera, Potiicoara is known only from a cave in Brazil's Mato Grosso, Spelaeogriphus only from a cave on Table Mountain in South Africa, and the two Mangkurtu species only from individual Australian aquifers. This widely separated distribution implies an early origin for the group, hypothesised as emerging at least in the Tethys Sea around Gondwana.
The fossil species Acadiocaris novascotica is also considered to belong to the Spelaeogriphacea.
References
External links
Malacostraca
Crustacean orders
Freshwater crustaceans
Extant Carboniferous first appearances
Mississippian first appearances
Prehistoric arthropod orders | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Spelaeogriphacea |
Devilfish or devil fish may refer to:
Marine creatures
Devil fish (Mobula mobular), a species of eagle ray
Devilfish, a name given to the manta ray (Manta birostris)
Devilfish, the venomous fish Inimicus didactylus
Devilfish, an alternative and possibly obsolete name for the octopus
Gray whales (Eschrichtius robustus), called devil fish because of their self-defensive behavior when hunted
Devil fish, two Australian fishes:
Paraplesiops meleagris (southern or western blue devil fish)
Paraplesiops bleekeri (eastern blue devil fish)
Devil Fish, purported Jenny Haniver cryptids
Devil Fish, octopus-like, carnivorous cryptid, supposedly seen and killed by Czech adventurer Jan Eskymo Welzl in 1906
Devil fish, deep-sea fishes in the family Ceratiidae, usually colloquially referred to as "sea devils"
Devil fish, the deep-sea fish known as the black seadevil
Devil fish, the Humboldt squid, also known as the "red devil" or "diablo rojo"
Freshwater creatures
Devilfish, the northern pike (Esox lucius)
Other
Devil Fish (video game), a maze arcade game
Devilfish (custom car), winner of the 1973 Ridler
USS Devilfish (SS-292), a Balao-class submarine
Devilfish, the name of the primary troop transport for the Tau Empire in the fictional universe of Warhammer 40,000
A set of modifications to the Roland TB-303 Bass Line synthesizer
The Terminus typeB303 "Devilfish", a 2005 mecha in the anime series Eureka Seven
Devilfish, the US video-release title given to the 1984 Italian film Monster Shark
Devilfish, the online persona of the webcomic character Marcy Wisniewski from PvP
Devilfish, the nickname of poker player Dave Ulliott
See also
Sea devil (disambiguation) | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Devilfish |
Landenberg is an unincorporated community that is located in southern Chester County, Pennsylvania, United States. It is, essentially, a post office address that covers parts of New Garden, London Britain and Franklin Townships.
The White Clay Creek (and preserve) bisects Landenberg, which also falls into two school districts: Avon Grove and Kennett Consolidated.
History and notable features
Landenberg was named for Martin Landenberger, who operated a mill there. It once had a railroad station that was shared between the Pennsylvania Railroad and the Delaware Western Railroad, a system acquired by the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad. There are several historical areas in Landenberg, including the Landenberg community (store, church, apartments, hotel) and the Ticking Tomb along with the bridge in New Garden Township.
Formerly part of the range of the Lenape tribe of Native Americans, the White Clay Creek runs through Landenberg, eventually entering the nearby White Clay Creek Preserve. Landenberg's proximity to the White Clay Creek Preserve makes this area a favorite for local fisherman, hikers, bikers and outdoorsmen. White Clay Creek Preserve backs up to the White Clay Creek State Park in Delaware.
Landenberg is also home to many business people who commute to work in the nearby city of Wilmington, Delaware.
Climate
References
Unincorporated communities in Chester County, Pennsylvania
Unincorporated communities in Pennsylvania | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Landenberg%2C%20Pennsylvania |
GameStorm is a fan-run not-for-profit annual gaming convention held in the spring in the Portland, Oregon metro area.
History
GameStorm started in 1998 as a fan-run event at the Clackamas, Oregon Denney's Convention Center. The GameStorm group often provides gaming programming at OryCon and other conventions in the Pacific Northwest as well, and has an extensive game library. GameStorm also hosts panel discussions about games and gaming-related topics, provides space for designers to play-test new products, and cross-promotes for other area conventions.
GameStorm provides a number of different activities for gaming fandom:
Panel discussion topics, often with gaming industry professionals
Role-playing games (RPG)
Live action role-playing games (LARP)
Miniature figure (gaming)
Collectible card games (CGG)
Board games
Video console gaming
GameStorm, like OryCon, is run entirely by fans, with no paid staff, and is sponsored by Oregon Science Fiction Conventions, Inc. (OSFCI), a 501(c)3 not-for-profit corporation.
Upcoming GameStorm Convention
GameStorm 23 will be March 23–26, at the Red Lion Jantzen Beach.
Past Guests of Honor
Peter Adkison
Vincent Baker
Matt Branstad
Jason Bulmahn
Andy Collins
Monte Cook
David Coronado
James Ernest
Richard Garfield
Andrew Hackard
Rob Heinsoo
Reiner Knizia
Robin Laws
Tom Lehmann
Steve Long
Rick Loomis
Andy and Kristen Looney
Michelle McNeill
Sam Mitschke
Mike Mulvihill
Brian Poel
Michael Stackpole
Lisa Steenson
Jay Tummelson
External links
GameStorm.org website
Gaming conventions
Fan conventions
Conventions in Oregon | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/GameStorm%20%28convention%29 |
Ferry Island Provincial Park is a Class C provincial park in British Columbia that is located on the south side of the Fraser River northeast of Rosedale. This park is northwest of Bridal Falls, British Columbia and adjacent to the Agassiz-Rosedale Bridge. The Ferry Island Park was established in 1963, and it has an area of about 29 hectares.
Ferry Island Provincial Park is listed as a "Class C" provincial park which is governed by a local community board.
References
Lower Mainland
Provincial parks of British Columbia
1963 establishments in British Columbia
Protected areas established in 1963 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ferry%20Island%20Provincial%20Park |
F.H. Barber Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada. Comprising 8.5 ha of Fraser River floodplain in its natural state, it is one of only two secured public access points to the Fraser between Chilliwack and Hope. It is located at the confluence of Wahleach Creek (Jones Creek) and the Fraser one mile west of Laidlaw, British Columbia and is bounded on the south by the tracks of the Canadian National Railway.
References
Lower Mainland
Provincial parks of British Columbia
Fraser River
1978 establishments in British Columbia
Protected areas established in 1978 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/F.%20H.%20Barber%20Provincial%20Park |
Fillongley Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, located on the east side of Denman Island, southeast of Courtenay, British Columbia, and facing Georgia Strait.
References
Provincial Parks of the Gulf Islands
Provincial parks of British Columbia
1954 establishments in British Columbia
Protected areas established in 1954 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fillongley%20Provincial%20Park |
Finger-Tatuk Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada. Established in 1999, it covers and includes Finger Lake and Tatuk Lake, as well as several smaller lakes (Bodley, Cory, Harp, Turff, and Vance) and archaeological sites once used by Dakelh (Carrier) First Nations peoples. The lakes are known for rainbow trout and kokanee salmon, and each of the two larger lakes has a resort.
References
External links
Finger-Tatuk Provincial Park: Purpose Statement and Zoning Plan (March 2003)
Provincial parks of British Columbia
Regional District of Bulkley-Nechako
1999 establishments in British Columbia
Protected areas established in 1999 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finger-Tatuk%20Provincial%20Park |
Finlay-Russel Provincial Park and Protected Area is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada. It is part of the larger Muskwa-Kechika Management Area.
References
Peace River Regional District
Provincial parks of British Columbia
Year of establishment missing | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finlay-Russel%20Provincial%20Park%20and%20Protected%20Area |
Finn Creek Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, north of Avola and Blue River in the valley of the North Thompson River.
References
Provincial parks of British Columbia
Thompson Country
1996 establishments in British Columbia
Protected areas established in 1996 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Finn%20Creek%20Provincial%20Park |
Fintry Provincial Park and Protected Area, also known as Fintry Estate, is a provincial park located in the town of Fintry, British Columbia, Canada. It is situated approximately 34 kilometres north of Kelowna and 49 kilometres south of Vernon on the westside of the Okanagan Lake.
The estate's original manor house and octagonal dairy barn have been restored and are open for tours in the summer.
Campsites are located in close proximity to the lake and includes a nearby dock. A hike on the opposite side of the park also features a short but steep stair-climb to Fintry Falls of Shorts Creek, the park's main feature.
References
External links
Fintry Estate - Friends of Fintry Provincial Park Society
Provincial parks of British Columbia
Regional District of Central Okanagan
Provincial parks in the Okanagan
Museums in British Columbia
Historic house museums in British Columbia
2001 establishments in British Columbia
Protected areas established in 2001 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fintry%20Provincial%20Park%20and%20Protected%20Area |
Flat Lake Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada.
References
Cariboo Regional District
Thompson-Nicola Regional District
Provincial parks of British Columbia
1995 establishments in British Columbia
Protected areas established in 1995 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flat%20Lake%20Provincial%20Park |
Flores Island Marine Provincial Park, also known as Flores Island Provincial Park, is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, located on the island of the same name in the central Clayoquot Sound region of the West Coast of Vancouver Island, British Columbia, Canada. The park contains 7113 ha. and was created on July 13, 1995, as part of the Clayoqout Land-Use Decision. Gibson Marine Provincial Park, which was created in 1967, adjoins it to the southeast. Sulphur Passage Provincial Park is off the northeast coast of Flores Island, surrounding Obstruction Island.
See also
Marktosis, British Columbia
Vargas Island Provincial Park
References
Clayoquot Sound region
Provincial parks of British Columbia
1995 establishments in British Columbia
Protected areas established in 1995
Marine parks of Canada | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flores%20Island%20Marine%20Provincial%20Park |
Foch-Gilttoyees Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada. The park and protected area encompasses of coastal terrain from sea level up to alpine. The park contains part of the historical First Nations travel path between the Skeena River and the Douglas Channel. The remainder of the route is located in Gitnadoiks River Provincial Park. Together, the two parks provide a continuous protected corridor between the river and the channel.
References
North Coast of British Columbia
Provincial parks of British Columbia
2004 establishments in British Columbia | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Foch-Gilttoyees%20Provincial%20Park |
Crainhem (French) or Kraainem (Dutch) is a Brussels Metro station in the municipality of Woluwe-Saint-Lambert/Sint-Lambrechts-Woluwe, in the eastern part of Brussels, Belgium. Since 4 April 2009, the station has been served by line 1 (previously line 1B). It is located near the intersection of the /, the /, and the /. It has a large park-and-ride lot and is also the terminus for a number of inbound regional bus routes of De Lijn, as well as for the STIB/MIVB bus routes 30 and 31.
The station was inaugurated in 1988 with the extension of the eastern branch of line 1B from Alma to Stockel/Stokkel. Due to its location in a park-and-ride lot, it is one of the few Brussels Metro stations that has its own station building on the surface (most other stations having only an underground mezzanine).
Naming
Originally, the station was just called Kraainem, using only Dutch spelling, as it was technically named after the / (a road using Dutch spelling for both its Dutch and French names), not after the nearby Flemish municipality of Kraainem. However, French speakers in the Brussels community quickly protested against what they regarded as a violation of bilingual language facilities and insisted that the French form Crainhem be added to the name of the station. Thus the station is today usually held to be named after the municipality of Kraainem, even though it is not actually located on its territory, but partly under the Brussels-Woluwe campus of the University of Louvain (UCLouvain).
External links
Railway stations in Belgium opened in the 1980s
Railway stations opened in 1988
1988 establishments in Belgium
Brussels metro stations
Woluwe-Saint-Lambert | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kraainem%20metro%20station |
Fort George Canyon Provincial Park is a provincial park south of Prince George in British Columbia, Canada. The park's area is and includes part of the Fraser River. No camping, campfires, swimming, kayaking, horses, pets, or rock climbing are allowed. Skiing, fishing, and hunting are allowed.
See also
Steamboats of the Upper Fraser River in British Columbia
Fraser Canyon
Grand Canyon of the Fraser
Giscome Canyon
References
BCGNIS listing "Fort George Canyon Park (park)"
BCGNIS listing "Fort George Canyon (canyon)"
External links
Fort George Canyon Provincial Park at the British Columbia Ministry of Environment web site
Provincial parks of British Columbia
Canyons and gorges of British Columbia
Fraser River
Year of establishment missing | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fort%20George%20Canyon%20Provincial%20Park |
Fossli Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, located on Stirling Arm of Sproat Lake on Vancouver Island. The 52-hectare park, west of Port Alberni, is accessible by water or private logging road. It has few services, but has a 30-minute hiking trail to an old homestead site. The homestead belonged to Helen and Armour Ford, who donated the land for the park to the province in 1974. Saint Andrew's Creek runs through the park, and is a fall spawning ground for coho salmon.
Name origin
The name of the park derives from local names conferred by an early Norwegian Canadian immigrant after his home village in the Eidfjord region of Norway. The name means "waterfall in the valley".
Gallery
See also
List of British Columbia Provincial Parks
References
External links
BC Parks. Fossli Provincial Park
Provincial parks of British Columbia
Alberni Valley
1974 establishments in British Columbia
Protected areas established in 1974 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fossli%20Provincial%20Park |
Francis Point Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, located on the southwest end of the Francis Peninsula, south of the community of Pender Harbour on the west side of the Sechelt Peninsula in the Sunshine Coast region. Established in 2004, the park is 81 ha. in size, 72 ha. of it upland, the other 9 ha. foreshore.
See also
List of British Columbia provincial parks
References
BC Parks infopage
Provincial parks of British Columbia
Sunshine Coast (British Columbia)
2004 establishments in British Columbia
Protected areas established in 2004 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francis%20Point%20Provincial%20Park |
François Lake Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada, located at the east end of Francois Lake. Total park area is 7,214 hectares. It is about 12 km off BC Highway 16, southwest of the town of Fraser Lake. There is no potable water at the site so campers should bring their own.
History
The Francois Lake Park was granted governmental protection in 1999. The decision was a result of the recommendations of the Vanderhoof Land and Resource Management Plan.
The Francois Lake Park protects a 25 kilometre stretch of shoreline. The predominant cover on this shoreline is conifers. The park is famous for its recreation facilities. These include boating and fishing on Francois Lake. There are also campsites with spectacular scenery. Picnickers can also avail of the picnic grounds.
Cultural Heritage
The Francois Lake is an area of abundant First Nations history. Ties to the history and to its ownership have been claimed by the Office of the Wet'suwet'en Hereditary Chiefs and the Carrier-Sekani Tribal Council. The park and its neighbouring Uncha Mountain Red Hills Park are associated with the historical and cultural lives of several bands, including Wet'suwet'en First Nation, Nadleh Whut’en Band, Stellat’en First Nation, Burns Lake Band, Nee Tahi Buhn Band, and Skin Tyee Band. The area is an ancient site where the First Nations people used to hunt, fish and gather.
Flora and fauna
The park's large forest tracts are full of plant life. They also offer important habitat for moose in winter. Several mammals, like deer and black bear are found here. There are several species of birds. The lake supports a good population of the sockeye salmon.
Conservation
The Francois Lake Park lies within the Bukley Basin Ecosection. The park contains some important habitat, which includes riparian zones. The park also supports numerous wildlife species. The lake's shore are covered with scarce stretches of low-elevation old-growth forest. This is due to an uncommon microclimate. Combined with the Uncha Mountain Red Hills Park to the west, the Francois Lake Park forms a 47 km long corridor along its south shore. This is a vital for it maintains connectivity between riparian and upland ecosystems.
See also
Uncha Mountain Red Hills Provincial Park
References
BC Parks webpage
Provincial parks of British Columbia
Nechako Country
1999 establishments in British Columbia
Protected areas established in 1999 | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fran%C3%A7ois%20Lake%20Provincial%20Park |
Fraser River Provincial Park is a provincial park in British Columbia, Canada. It is 4,899 ha. in size and is located along the Fraser River.
References
Provincial parks of British Columbia
Year of establishment missing | https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fraser%20River%20Provincial%20Park |
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