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David Julian Samuels is an American political scientist who is the Distinguished McKnight University Professor of Political Science at the University of Minnesota. Samuels earned his BA from Swarthmore College in 1989 and his Ph.D. from the University of California, San Diego in 1998. He joined the faculty of the University of Minnesota in 1998, and was named full professor in 2010. He was awarded a Distinguished McKnight University Professorship in 2012. Samuels specializes in comparative politics and Brazilian politics. He is the author of Ambition, Federalism, and Legislative Politics in Brazil (Cambridge University Press, 2003) and "Separation of Powers" in the Oxford Handbook of Comparative Politics. He has published articles in many of the field's top academic journals, and his work has been cited over 2,600 times. Samuels is co-editor with Ben Ansell and Dawn Teele of Comparative Political Studies. References External links Year of birth missing (living people) Living people University of Minnesota faculty Swarthmore College alumni University of California, San Diego alumni American political scientists	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Samuels%20%28political%20scientist%29
The Seaboard and Roanoke Railroad was organized in 1833 (as the Portsmouth and Roanoke Railroad) to extend from the area of the rapids of the Roanoke River at its fall line near Weldon, North Carolina to Portsmouth, Virginia, across the Elizabeth River from Norfolk on the harbor of Hampton Roads. History In the early 19th century, competition was fierce among Virginia's port cities to be the point where export products such as tobacco could be transferred to ocean-going and coast-wise shipping. Canals, turnpikes and railroads became important conduits in the antebellum period in Virginia. The original goal of the Portsmouth and Roanoke Railroad was to provide a link for shipments of goods originating on the Roanoke River and its canal system from points west to reach port facilities in the Norfolk area on the harbor of Hampton Roads. For such traffic, Norfolk and Portsmouth were fiercely competitive with Petersburg, which had access to the navigable portion of the James River at City Point via about 8 miles of the Appomattox River below its fall line, and was also planning rail service from its south and west. The new line, built in gauge was first completed in 1835. Some of the intermediate points in Virginia were Boykins, Franklin, Carrsville, and Suffolk. Lumber was the largest commodity originating along the line, and the facilities of the Camp Company's lumber and paper mill operations in Franklin were located there due to the new railroad. The Seaboard and Roanoke was the first railroad to reach the Norfolk area, which eventually became a busy point for many railroads. However, it was to be more than 20 years before the Norfolk and Petersburg Railroad, a predecessor of the Norfolk and Western Railway built by William Mahone, was completed. Through several financial reorganizations, and refinancing by the Virginia Board of Public Works in 1838, it was variously known as the Portsmouth and Roanoke Railroad and the Seaboard and Roanoke Railroad. 1837 Head-on collision and Derailment On August 11, 1837 the first head-on railroad collision to result in passenger fatalities in the United States occurred near Suffolk when an eastbound lumber train coming down a grade at speed rounded a sharp curve and smacked into the morning passenger train from Portsmouth, Virginia. The first three of thirteen stagecoach-style cars were smashed, killing three daughters of the prominent Ely family and injuring dozens of the 200 on board. They were returning from a steamboat cruise when the accident happened. An engraving depicting the moment of impact was published in Howland's "Steamboat Disasters and Railroad Accidents" in 1840. On December 12 of the same year an eastbound engine of the Portsmouth and Roanoke Railroad pulling 3 passenger cars and 9 lumber cars loaded with cotton struck an upturned end of a split metal rail 2 miles west of the Nottoway River near the present day village of Handsom in Southampton County. The resulting derailment killed a Miss Blow and a Miss Rochelle from Southampton and injured several others including Capt. James D. Bryant whose legs were broken, Col. Nathaniel Rochelle, a Mr. Blow and Miss King and Miss Simmons also of Southampton. Senator William C. Preston of South Carolina who was on board escaped injury. American Civil War One of the Seaboard and Roanoke's builders from the mid-1830s' was Walter Gwynn, who, during the American Civil War, became a Confederate General assigned to take charge of the defenses of Norfolk, which were held by the southern troops for about a year in 1861–62. Early in that period, fellow railroader William Mahone used his Norfolk and Petersburg Railroad and ruse tactics to feign massive arrivals of additional Confederate troops at Norfolk. Without a single shot fired, he successfully tricked the small detachment of troops holding the Gosport Shipyard (now Norfolk Navy Yard) into abandoning it for the safety of Union-held Fort Monroe across the harbor. Mergers: SAL, SCL, CSX In the 1880s, the Seaboard and Roanoke became part of the Seaboard Air Line Railway system, which was extended through Petersburg to reach Richmond to the north and covered the southeastern states to reach Florida. In 1967, the Seaboard Air Line Railroad merged with its arch-rival, the Atlantic Coast Line railroad to form Seaboard Coast Line Industries (SCL). SCL merged with the Chessie System in 1980, to form CSX Transportation, which is currently one of seven major Class 1 railroads operating in North America in the 21st century. Most of the line remains in service today, which is now CSX's Portsmouth Subdivision. Future A portion of the line in the cities of Suffolk and western Chesapeake has been included in studies by the Virginia Department of Rail and Public Transportation of the feasibility of Richmond-South Hampton Roads High Speed Passenger Rail service. A suburban Norfolk-area station has been projected to be located near Bowers Hill in Chesapeake. Suffolk Passenger Station The circa-1885 Seaboard Passenger Station at Suffolk, Virginia was shared with the coal hauling Virginian Railway when it was built adjacently in the early 20th century. Featuring a brick octagonal cupola for its telegraph operators, the station was restored and now houses a railroad museum, operating model trains based upon of Suffolk around 1907, and a gift shop. Historic Station listing References External links Confederate Railroads web site Defunct Virginia railroads Predecessors of the Seaboard Air Line Railroad Railway companies established in 1846 Railway companies disestablished in 1911 Defunct Georgia (U.S. state) railroads Defunct North Carolina railroads Defunct South Carolina railroads 4 ft 8 in gauge railways in the United States 1846 establishments in Virginia American companies established in 1846	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Seaboard%20and%20Roanoke%20Railroad
The IBGE (Instituto Brasileiro de Geografia e Estatística) published the resident population chart of 2010 Brazil Census. IBGE also published on 2019 the estimate resident population with reference date 1 July 2019. The following list of municipalities in the state of São Paulo is compiled from these charts. The list is sorted by "2019 (estimate)" column. On the "Population 2010" column, some municipalities are not in decreasing sequence. List See also List of cities in São Paulo References Sao Paulo	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List%20of%20municipalities%20in%20the%20state%20of%20S%C3%A3o%20Paulo%20by%20population
David Ascalon (; born March 8, 1945) is an Israeli contemporary sculptor and stained glass artist, and co-founder of Ascalon Studios. Biography Ascalon was born in Tel Aviv, in the British Mandate of Palestine (now Israel) on March 8, 1945. He received his early artistic training as an apprentice of his father, the Hungarian-born sculptor and industrial designer, Maurice Ascalon (1913–2003). Ascalon came to the United States as a teenager when his father took the family across the Atlantic as a means to broaden their horizons. He attended Beverly Hills High School in Beverly Hills, California and graduated in 1963. David studied art and design at the California State University at Northridge as well as architecture and interior design at California Polytechnic State University in San Luis Obispo, and Pratt Institute in New York, where he received his degree. Throughout the 1970s, Ascalon worked in the fields of interior design and architecture in New York, and for the firm of the noted Israeli architect Aryeh Elhanani in Tel Aviv. Seeking a more immediate means of artistic expression than the architectural arts would allow, he began experimenting in sculptural metalwork, exploring abstract compositions with a welding torch. He currently resides in the Philadelphia suburb of Cherry Hill, New Jersey, and in the Hamptons on the east end of Long Island, New York. In recent years, Ascalon has taken an active role on issues of artist rights advocacy, and in 2010 filed a federal suit under the Visual Artists Rights Act (VARA) in a case involving the rights of artist with respect to the restoration of public sculpture. Among David's other relatives are his son, contemporary industrial designer Brad Ascalon, and older brother Adir Ascalon (d.2003). Adir was a surrealist painter and sculptor who collaborated with the noted Mexican muralist David Alfaro Siqueiros. David is also a licensed airplane private pilot. Ascalon Studios In 1977, David relocated to the Philadelphia area where he joined up with his father to form Ascalon Studios. It was then that he began focusing his efforts on the creation of site-specific artwork for worship and public spaces. Much of his work draws on ecclesiastical themes, however utilizing non-traditional approaches and contemporary forms. In the years since its founding, Ascalon Studios, under David's direction, has executed hundreds of projects throughout North America, ranging from monumental sculptures and liturgical stained glass windows, to mosaic murals. Many of his works adorn synagogue architecture and other venues for worship. Among his sculptural installations are a number of Holocaust Memorials that pay tribute to the victims of the atrocities (included are many from his own family). Awards and Recognitions David has been the recipient of major international design commissions and awards, including from the American Institute of Architects' Interfaith Forum on Religion, Art and Architecture. He is a member of the International Sculpture Center, and he is past president of the American Guild of Judaic Art and has lectured on the subject of Judaic art. COVID-19 Response In response to the COVID-19 pandemic and shortages of Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) for healthcare workers throughout the United States, in April 2020, David retooled the Ascalon Studios facility in order to produce hundred of specialty devices known as COVID-19 Intubation Safety Boxes for donation to American hospitals. The Safety Boxes, first used by healthcare workers in January 2020 when the pandemic hit Taiwan, are specialized acrylic cubes with flap-sealed hand holes that fit over the head and torso of infected patients, designed to allow doctors, nurses, and first responders the ability to undertake ventilator intubation and extubation while minimizing exposure to contaminated secretions emanated during the process. Gallery References "100 Artists of the Mid-Atlantic", by E. Ashley Rooney, Schiffer Books (2011) . "The Visual Artists Rights Act at 20", by Daniel Grant, The Huffington Post, February 7, 2011. "What is the Meaning of This", by Martha Lufkin, The Art Newspaper, October 2010 at 28. "When Creator and Owner Clash", by Daniel Grant, The Wall Street Journal, August 31, 2010. "Public Art: A World's Eye View, Integrating Art Into the Environment" ICO Publishers, Japan (2008). . “Inside, Outside, Sculpture Shows Pieces of His Soul”, by Jan Hefler, The Philadelphia Inquirer, October 31, 2004. Smithsonian American Art Museum Art Inventories Catalogue, Call Numbers: PA001671, PA001366, NY000754, 74780001, 747800003, 747800004, 74700005 "Out of the Box", by Haley Chouinard, Business of Home, April 8, 2020. "South Jersey Companies Team Up to Provide Free Intubation Boxes”, by Dave Isaac, Courier Post, April 10, 2020. External links Ascalon Studios 1945 births Beverly Hills High School alumni Jewish Israeli artists Jewish sculptors American sculptors Israeli sculptors Modern sculptors American stained glass artists and manufacturers Pratt Institute alumni Israeli emigrants to the United States Israeli people of Hungarian-Jewish descent Living people Artists from Tel Aviv People from Cherry Hill, New Jersey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/David%20Ascalon
Champions Major League Baseball World Series: St. Louis Cardinals over St. Louis Browns (4–2), in the "Streetcar Series" All-Star Game, July 11 at Forbes Field: National League, 7–1 Other champions Amateur World Series: Venezuela Negro League World Series: Homestead Grays over Birmingham Black Barons (4–1) Negro League Baseball All-Star Game: West, 7–4 All-American Girls Professional Baseball League: Milwaukee Chicks over Kenosha Comets Awards and honors Baseball Hall of Fame Kenesaw Mountain Landis Most Valuable Player Hal Newhouser (AL) – pitcher, Detroit Tigers Marty Marion (NL) – shortstop, St. Louis Cardinals The Sporting News Player of the Year Award Marty Marion (NL) – St. Louis Cardinals The Sporting News Most Valuable Player Award Bobby Doerr (AL) – Second base, Boston Red Sox Marty Marion (NL) – Shortstop, St. Louis Cardinals The Sporting News Pitcher of the Year Award Hal Newhouser (AL) – Detroit Tigers Bill Voiselle (NL) – New York Giants The Sporting News Manager of the Year Award Luke Sewell (AL) – St. Louis Browns MLB statistical leaders Major league baseball final standings American League final standings National League final standings Negro league baseball final standings Negro American League final standings Negro National League final standings Events January–March March 1 – The St. Louis Browns trade catcher Rick Ferrell to the Washington Senators in exchange for catcher Tony Giuliani. However, Giuliani, who'd played for St. Louis during the 1936 and 1937 seasons, refuses to report. Washington completes the trade by sending outfielder Gene Moore to St. Louis in Giuliani's place. April–June April 27 – At Braves Field, Jim Tobin of the Boston Braves no-hits the Brooklyn Dodgers 2–0 and helps his own cause by homering off Fritz Ostermueller in the eighth inning. Tobin becomes the second no-hit pitcher to hit a home run in the same game, joining Wes Ferrell almost a full 13 years earlier, on April 29, . May 1 – George Myatt of the Washington Senators goes 6-for-6 as the Nats beat the Red Sox, 11–4. May 4 – The St. Louis Browns announce that they are dropping their segregation policy restricting Negro fans to the bleachers. May 10 – Mel Harder becomes the 50th pitcher in major league history to win 200 games as the Cleveland Indians defeat the Boston Red Sox 5-4. May 15 – At Crosley Field, Clyde Shoun of the Cincinnati Reds no-hits the Boston Braves 1–0. The only baserunner he allows is a third-inning walk to his mound opponent, Jim Tobin, himself a no-hit pitcher only 18 days earlier. June 1 – The Cincinnati Reds sell the contract of Fritz Ostermueller to the Pittsburgh Pirates. June 6: All games are cancelled due to D-Day. The Brooklyn Dodgers acquire Eddie Stanky from the chicago Cubs in exchange for pitcher Bob Chipman. June 10 – 15-year-old pitcher Joe Nuxhall of the Cincinnati Reds makes his major league debut. He is the youngest player ever to appear in a Major League game. After giving up five runs to the Cardinals in of an inning, he is relieved by Jake Eisenhart, who gets the final out in his only major league appearance. July–September July 11 – At Forbes Field, home of the Pittsburgh Pirates, the National League defeats the American League, 7–1, in the All-Star Game. August 10 – Red Barrett of the Boston Braves throws a shutout with just 58 pitches – a record for fewest pitches in a nine-inning game. The game lasted 75 minutes. Barrett gave up only two hits. He did not strikeout or walk any batters, and threw an average of only 2 pitches per batter. In 1944, 96 of the Reds games was completed in under two hours. September 30 – Detroit Tigers pitcher Hal Newhouser wins his 29th game, defeating the Washington Senators, 7–3. October–December October 9 – The St. Louis Cardinals defeated the St. Louis Browns, 3–1, in Game 6 of the World Series to win their fifth World Series, four games to two. The Browns are the last of the original eight members of the American League to win the pennant. It would be their only World Series appearance before relocating to Baltimore ten years later. This only marked only the third time in World Series history in which both teams had the same home field, Sportsman's Park, with the other two being in 1921 and 1922 at the Polo Grounds. The Series was also known as the "Streetcar Series", or the "St. Louis Showdown". November 28 – Detroit Tigers pitcher Hal Newhouser, who posted a 29–9 record with 187 strikeouts and a 2.22 ERA, is named the American League Most Valuable Player, gathering four more votes than pitching teammate Dizzy Trout (27–14, 144, 2.12). December 2 – Japan, where baseball has been banned as an undesirable enemy influence, mourns the death of Eiji Sawamura. The Japanese pitcher, who is killed in action in the Pacific, became a national hero by striking out Babe Ruth in an exhibition game. Births January January 3 – Dick Colpaert January 4 – Tito Fuentes January 4 – Charlie Manuel January 5 – Tom Kelley January 5 – Charlie Vinson January 7 – Dick Calmus January 9 – Dick Thoenen January 10 – Chuck Dobson January 11 – Frank Baker January 11 – Jim McAndrew January 13 – Larry Jaster January 16 – Gene Stone January 17 – Denny Doyle January 18 – Carl Morton January 19 – Chet Trail January 20 – Carl Taylor January 23 – Paul Ratliff January 25 – Gary Holman February February 1 – Paul Blair February 1 – Hal King February 3 – Wayne Comer February 3 – Celerino Sánchez February 9 – Jim Campanis February 9 – Randy Schwartz February 11 – Ollie Brown February 13 – Sal Bando February 16 – Glenn Vaughan February 17 – Dick Bosman February 18 – Syd O'Brien February 19 – Chris Zachary February 21 – Tokuji Nagaike February 23 – Don Shaw February 25 – Stump Merrill February 26 – Don Secrist February 29 – Steve Mingori March March 1 – Vern Fuller March 1 – Ron Klimkowski March 9 – Ed Acosta March 10 – John Briggs March 10 – Joe Campbell March 12 – Joe Moock March 14 – John Miller March 15 – Wayne Granger March 15 – Dave Watkins March 16 – Rick Renick March 17 – Cito Gaston March 20 – Steve Blateric March 20 – Bob Taylor March 21 – Manny Sanguillén March 22 – Matt Galante March 23 – George Scott March 25 – Jim Britton March 29 – Denny McLain April April 1 – Rusty Staub April 3 – Gomer Hodge April 7 – Bill Stoneman April 9 – Joe Brinkman April 12 – Terry Harmon April 14 – Frank Bertaina April 16 – Bob Montgomery April 24 – Bill Singer April 25 – Drew Baur April 25 – Joe Hague April 25 – Ken Tatum April 26 – Leon McFadden May May 6 – Masanori Murakami May 7 – Billy Murphy May 14 – Jim Driscoll May 19 – Stan Swanson May 22 – Frank Coggins May 22 – Bob Schaefer May 27 – Jim Holt June June 6 – Bud Harrelson June 7 – Roger Nelson June 7 – Frank Reberger June 8 – Mark Belanger June 20 – Dave Nelson June 28 – Hal Breeden June 30 – Ron Swoboda July July 4 – Fred Rico July 9 – Hal Haydel July 9 – Sonny Jackson July 12 – Tom Tischinski July 13 – Buzz Stephen July 14 – Billy McCool July 18 – Rudy May July 22 – Sparky Lyle July 25 – Buddy Bradford July 25 – Fred Scherman July 30 – Pat Kelly July 30 – Doug Rader July 31 – Frank Brosseau August August 2 – Chris Coletta August 4 – Rich Nye August 15 – Mike Compton August 15 – John Matias August 18 – Mike Ferraro August 20 – Graig Nettles August 25 – Dick Smith August 27 – Johnny Hairston August 30 – Tug McGraw September September 7 – Barry Lersch September 10 – Jim Hibbs September 11 – John McSherry September 11 – Dave Roberts September 16 – Chuck Brinkman September 19 – Russ Nagelson September 20 – Ed Phillips September 22 – Jim Fairey September 23 – Oscar Zamora September 27 – Gene Rounsaville September 27 – Gary Sutherland October October 4 – Tony La Russa October 8 – Ed Kirkpatrick October 9 – Freddie Patek October 11 – Mike Fiore October 14 – Rich Robertson October 15 – Dick Such October 23 – Jim Rittwage October 24 – Johnny Jeter October 25 – Skip Guinn October 29 – Jim Bibby October 29 – Gary Neibauer November November 7 – Joe Niekro November 8 – Ed Kranepool November 9 – Al Severinsen November 17 – Tom Seaver November 27 – Ron Tompkins December December 1 – Jim Ray December 4 – Lee Bales December 6 – Tony Horton December 9 – Del Unser December 10 – Steve Renko December 15 – Stan Bahnsen December 15 – Jim Leyland December 18 – Steve Hovley December 19 – Rob Gardner December 20 – Don Mason December 22 – Steve Carlton December 23 – Ray Lamb December 23 – Vic LaRose December 30 – José Morales December 30 – Bob Schroder Deaths January January 7 – George Mullin, 63, pitcher who won 228 games including a no-hitter, mainly with the Tigers, having five 20-win seasons. January 8 – Harry Daubert, 51, pinch-hitter for the 1915 Pittsburgh Pirates. January 13 – Kid Elberfeld, 68, shortstop for six clubs in 11 seasons between 1898 and 1914, who also managed the New York Highlanders of the American League in the 1908 season. January 30 – Ed Clough, 37, outfielder and pitcher who played from 1924 through 1926 with the St. Louis Cardinals. February February 4 – Dixie Davis, 53, pitcher who played for the Cincinnati Reds, Chicago White Sox, Philadelphia Phillies and St. Louis Browns during ten seasons spanning 1910–1926. February 18 – Hub Pernoll, 55, pitcher for the Detroit Tigers in the 1910 and 1912 seasons. February 20 – Harry Wilhelm, 69, pitcher for the 1899 Louisville Colonels. February 21 – Jack Enzenroth, 58, catcher who played from 1914 to 1915 with the St. Louis Browns and the Kansas City Packers. February 23 – Al Bauer, 84, pitcher who played with the Columbus Buckeyes in 1884 and for the St. Louis Maroons in 1886. February 25 – Bill Knowlton, 45, pitcher who played for the Philadelphia Athletics during the 1920 season. March March 10 – Dan Howley, 58, player, coach and manager who caught in 1913 for the Philadelphia Phillies, later served as a coach for the Detroit Tigers in 1919 and 1921–1922, then managed the St. Louis Browns from 1927 to 1929 and the Cincinnati Reds from 1930 to 1932. March 11 – Bill Duzen, 74, pitcher who played in 1890 for the Buffalo Bisons of the Players' League. March 17 – Rube Kroh, 57, pitcher who played for the Boston Americans, Chicago Cubs and Boston Braves during six seasons spanning 1906–1912, being also credited as the player who got the ball into the hands of Johnny Evers in the famous Merkle's Boner game. March 18 – Frank Motz, 74, first baseman who played with the Philadelphia Phillies in 1890 and the Cincinnati Reds from 1893 to 1894. March 19 – Joe Dunn, 59, catcher for the Brooklyn Superbas during the 1908 and 1909 baseball seasons, who later became a distinguished manager in the minor leagues, winning championship titles in 1919, 1920 and 1930. March 19 – John Kelly, 65, ot. Louis Cardinals in the 1907 season. March 22 – Claude Hendrix, 54, pitcher who played from 1911 through 1920 for the Pittsburgh Pirates, Chicago Chi-Feds, Chicago Whales and Chicago Cubs. March 24 – Bob Glenalvin, 77, second baseman for the Chicago Colts of the National League in 1890 and 1893. March 26 – Neil Stynes, 75, catcher who played in two games for the 1890 Cleveland Infants of the short-lived Players' League. April April 2 – Bob Brush, 69, backup catcher who played for the 1907 Boston Doves of the National League. April 11 – Jack Dunleavy, 64, outfielder and pitcher who played from 1903 through 1905 for the St. Louis Cardinals. April 16 – Pop Foster, 66, outfielder who spent 18 years in baseball, four of them in the Major Leagues with the New York Giants, Washington Senators and Chicago White Sox from 1898 to 1901. April 20 – Elmer Gedeon, 27, outfielder for the 1939 Washington Senators, whose name is linked forever to that of Harry O'Neill as the only two major leaguers that were killed during World War II. April 25 – Tony Mullane, 85, first pitcher to throw left-handed and right-handed in a same game, who won 284 games a posted 3.05 ERA in 13 seasons, including five 30-win seasons and the first no-hitter in American Association history in 1882, while leading the league in shutouts twice and strikeouts once, and compiling 264 complete with the Cincinnati Reds, which remains a club record. May May 2 – Art Thomason, 55, backup outfielder for the Cleveland Naps in its 1910 season. May 9 – Snake Deal, 65, first baseman who played with the Cincinnati Reds in 1906. May 12 – John Pappalau, 69, pitcher for the Cleveland Spiders in 1897. May 14 – Billy Hart, 77, pitcher who played for the 1890 St.Louis Browns of the American Association. May 18 – Bob Clark, 46, pitcher who played from 1920 to 1921 for the Cleveland Indians. May 18 – Tim Shinnick, 76, second baseman who played from 1890 to 1891 for the Louisville Colonels of the American Association. May 31 – John McKelvey, 96, outfielder who played in 1875 for the New Haven Elm Citys of the National Association of Professional Base Ball Players. June June 5 – Phil Knell, 79, pitcher for the Cleveland Spiders, Columbus Solons, Louisville Colonels, Philadelphia Athletics, Pittsburgh Alleghenys/Pirates and Washington Senators in a span of six years from 1888 to 1995, who had two 20-win seasons, and led three different leagues for the most hitters hit by pitches from 1890 to 1892. June 21 – Harry Swacina, 62, first baseman who played for the Pittsburgh Pirates and Baltimore Terrapins in parts of four seasons from 1907–1915. June 28 – Dan Stearns, 82, first baseman for six teams in seven seasons spanning 1880–1889, who is better known as the man that produced the final out in Tony Mullane's no-hitter in 1882, he first no-no in American Association history. July July 3 – Pete McBride, 68, pitcher for the 1898 Cleveland Spiders and the 1989 St. Louis Perfectos. July 3 – Charlie Reynolds, 79, catcher who played for the Kansas City Cowboys and the Brooklyn Bridegrooms during the 1889 season. July 5 – Claude Rothgeb, 64, right fielder for the 1904 Washington Senators of the American League, who also enjoyed a distinguished career as a football coach at Colorado College and Rice University, and as a baseball coach at Texas A&M. July 10 – Tom Walker, 62, pitcher who played with the Philadelphia Athletics in the 1902 season and for the Cincinnati Reds from 1904 to 1905. July 16 – Hal Irelan, 53, second baseman for the Philadelphia Phillies in the 1914 season. July 22 – Irv Waldron, 68, catcher who played for the Milwaukee Brewers and Washington Senators of the American League in 1901. August August 2 – Arthur Hauger, 50, fourth outfielder for the 1912 Cleveland Naps, who also spent more than 30 years in baseball as a player, coach and manager in the Minor Leagues. August 4 – Camp Skinner, 47, backup outfielder who played in 1922 for the first-place New York Yankees and the next year played for the last-place Boston Red Sox. August 16 – Tom Sullivan, 37, catcher who played briefly with the Cincinnati Reds in 1925. August 21 – Bob Gilks, 80, infielder/outfielder and pitcher for the Cleveland Blues/Spiders and Baltimore Orioles in five seasons from 1887 to 1893, who hit .239 in 339 games and posted a 9–9 pitching record with a 3.98 ERA, while leading the American Association in saves in the 1888 season. August 21 – Lew Post, 69, outfielder for the 1902 Detroit Tigers. August 29 – Willie McGill, 70, who made his major league debut in the Players' League in 1890 as a 16-year rookie, and the following year won 21 games in the last season that the American Association existed, pitching the rest of his career in the National League primarily during a lively ball era, ending with a career win–loss record of 72–74 for six teams before retiring at age 22. August 30 – Bill Duggleby, 70, pitcher for three clubs during eight seasons from 1898 to 1907, who had a 20-win season and posted a career record of 93–102 with a 3.18 ERA in 241 pitching appearances, including 159 complete games. September September 4 – Jack Gleason, 90, third baseman for five teams in a span of six seasons from 1877 to 1886, and a member of the 1884 Union Association Champions St. Louis Maroons. September 9 – Frank Shugart, 77, shortstop for six teams in eight seasons spanning 1890–1901, who was blacklisted from baseball after the 1901 season because of an altercation in which he punched an umpire in the face, and eventually had to resume his career in the Minor Leagues. September 9 – Orlin Collier, 37, pitcher for the Detroit Tigers in the 1931 season. September 16 – Farmer Steelman, 69, catcher who played from 1899 through 1902 for the Louisville Colonels, Brooklyn Superbas and Philadelphia Athletics. October October 2 – Dick Robertson, 53, pitcher who played for the Cincinnati Reds, Brooklyn Robins and Washington Senators in parts of three seasons spanning 1913–1919. October 9 – Joe DeBerry, 47, who played for the St. Louis Browns of the American League in 1920 and 1921. October 10 – Louis Leroy, 65, pitcher for the New York Highlanders and the Boston Red Sox in a span of three seasons from 1905 to 1910. October 14 – Topsy Hartsel, 70, outfielder for four teams in 14 seasons, who led the American League in stolen bases and runs scored in 1902, and was a member of the Philadelphia Athletics teams who clinched the league's pennant in 1902 and 1905, and the World Series in 1910 and 1911. October 17 – Jack Powell, 70, pitcher who won 245 games, primarily for the St. Louis Browns and the St. Louis Cardinals. October 22 – Jim Brown, 47, fourth outfielder who played for the St. Louis Cardinals in the 1915 season and the Philadelphia Athletics in 1916. October 24 – Pinky Swander, 64, right fielder who played from 1903 to 1904 for the St. Louis Browns. October 29 – Scott Hardesty, 74, shortstop for the 1899 New York Giants. November November 2 – Ed Brandt, 39, pitcher who played from 1928 through 1938 for the Boston Braves, Brooklyn Dodgers and Pittsburgh Pirates. November 2 – Bert Conn, 65, pitcher and second baseman for the Philadelphia Phillies in the 1898 and 1901 seasons. November 19 – Frank Brill, 80, pitcher and outfielder for the 1884 Detroit Wolverines. November 25 – Kenesaw Mountain Landis, 78, commissioner of baseball since that office's creation in 1920, who established the position's authority in overseeing cleanup of corruption in wake of the Black Sox scandal, banishing eight players from the sport for life for involvement in throwing the 1919 World Series. Previously, as federal judge had presided over 1914 case in which the Federal League challenged the Major Leagues under antitrust law, being also a strong advocate of the independence of Minor League Baseball from control of MLB. November 28 – Elmer Miller, 54, outfielder who played for the St. Louis Cardinals, New York Yankees and Boston Red Sox in part of nine seasons between 1912 and 1922. December December 2 – Eiji Sawamura, 27, Hall of Fame Japanese pitcher who played for the Tokyo Kyojin. December 4 – Roger Bresnahan, 65, Hall of Fame catcher and leadoff hitter who starred for the New York Giants from 1902 to 1908, known as the first major leaguer to wear shin guards, while remaining the only catcher to steal over 200 bases in a Major League career. December 9 – Swat McCabe, 63, shortstop who played from 1909 to 1910 for the Cincinnati Reds. December 12 – Ed Pinnance, 65, Canadian pitcher who played with the Philadelphia Athletics in its 1903 season. December 13 – Lloyd Christenbury, 51, infield/outfield utility who played four seasons with the Boston Braves from 1919 to 1922. December 13 – Welcome Gaston, 69, pitcher who played for the Brooklyn's Bridegrooms and Superbas clubs in parts of the 1898 and 1899 seasons. December 14 – Jouett Meekin, 77, who was reportedly as one of the three hardest-throwing pitchers of the 1890s, along with Cy Young and Amos Rusie, while playing from 1891 to 1900 with five different National League teams, most prominently for the New York Giants from 1894 to 1899, winning 33 games for the team in 1894 en route to a postseason championship. December 15 – Jim Chatterton, 80, infield/outfield utility and pitcher who played for the Kansas City Cowboys of the Union Association in 1884. December 20 – Elmer Zacher, 64, outfielder who played for the New York Giants and St. Louis Cardinals during the 1910 season. December 28 – Bill Bowman, 77, backup catcher for the Chicago Colts in 1891. December 31 – Bill Chappelle, 63, pitcher who played for the Boston Doves, Cincinnati Reds and Brooklyn Tip-Tops in a span of three seasons from 1908 to 1914. References External links Baseball Reference – 1944 MLB Season Summary Baseball Reference – MLB Players born in 1944 Baseball Reference – MLB Players died in 1944	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1944%20in%20baseball
Timothy Alan Reuter (25 January 1947 – 14 October 2002), grandson of the former mayor of Berlin Ernst Reuter, was a German-British historian who specialized in the study of medieval Germany, particularly the social, military and ecclesiastical institutions of the Ottonian and Salian periods (10th–12th centuries). Reuter received his D.Phil. from Oxford in medieval history under the supervision of Karl Leyser (d. 1992), another leading Anglophone scholar of German history. After a brief stint lecturing at the University of Exeter, Reuter spent more than a decade as a Mitarbeiter (academic staff member) at the Monumenta Germaniae Historica in Munich, where he worked on editing the letters of the twelfth-century abbot Wibald of Corvey and (with Dr. Gabriel Silagi) produced the database for a concordance to the work of the medieval canonist Gratian. In 1994, Reuter was appointed to a professorship at the University of Southampton, where he remained until his death in 2002. At Southampton, he headed a number of educational and research initiatives that promoted medieval history and scholarship. In addition Reuter served as a liaison between the worlds of Anglo-American and German medieval studies. Among his contributions in this area were numerous book reviews in German and British publications, a translation of Gerd Tellenbach's monograph on the history of the church in the High Middle Ages (The Church in Western Europe from the tenth to the early twelfth century, Cambridge, 1993) and the posthumous editing and publishing of his mentor Karl Leyser's papers (Communications and Power in Medieval Europe, 2 vols., Hambledon & London, 1992). His own monograph, Germany in the Early Middle Ages, 800-1056 (Harlow, Essex & New York, 1991) remains a standard English-language survey of the subject. At the time of his death of brain cancer, Reuter was working on a history of the medieval episcopacy. His collected papers are posthumously published as Medieval Polities and Modern Mentalities (Cambridge, 2006). The collection Challenging the Boundaries of Medieval History: The Legacy of Timothy Reuter, edited by Patricia Skinner, was published in 2009 as volume 22 in the University of York Studies in the Early Middle Ages (Brepols, Turnhout, Belgium). Main works References External links Obituary for Timothy Reuter by fellow-medievalist Janet L. Nelson 1947 births 2002 deaths Academics of the University of Southampton 20th-century German historians German male non-fiction writers 20th-century British historians	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Timothy%20Reuter
Sour Punch is a brand of sour candy, manufactured by American Licorice Company. It was one of the first brands to enter the sour candy market in the 1990s. The product is sold in five forms: Straws, Bites, Bits, Ropes, and Twists. Like many other sour candies, they are coated with sour sugar. One serving size of Sour Punch twists contains 150 calories. The candy is suitable for the lactose intolerant, as it does not contain any milk products. Original flavors Chargin' Cherry Strikin' Strawberry Orange Zappin' Apple Zip Zappin' Watermelon Blue Razmatazz (Blue raspberry) Grape Discontinued flavors: Lemon (reintroduced in 2015 in the "Rainbow Straws" pack) References External links Official website Sour Punch @ American Licorice Company American Licorice Company brands	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sour%20Punch
Allegro is a serif typeface intended for display use. It was designed by Hans Bohn for the Ludwig & Mayer type foundry of Frankfurt, and released in 1936. Allegro is inspired by the Didone style dating from around the start of the nineteenth century onwards, that emphasised alternation of very thick and very thin strokes. However, it emphasises this through breaks in the letter where thin strokes would normally be found, producing an effect similar to stencilled lettering, with a slight inclination suggesting handwriting and ball terminals and swashes suggesting music. Allegro is particularly used for decorative purposes, such as on book jackets. Allegro has been digitised and is sold by Bitstream. Its description of Allegro writes that it blends: characteristics of roman and italic, fat face and stencil, modern and script. See also Samples of display typefaces References External links Fonts in Use 1955 specimen (digitised by Florian Hardwig) Serif typefaces Display typefaces Letterpress typefaces Typefaces and fonts introduced in 1936	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Allegro%20%28typeface%29
In Kantian philosophy, a transcendental schema (plural: schemata; from , "form, shape, figure") is the procedural rule by which a category or pure, non-empirical concept is associated with a sense impression. A private, subjective intuition is thereby discursively thought to be a representation of an external object. Transcendental schemata are supposedly produced by the imagination in relation to time. Role in Kant's architectonic system Kant created an architectonic system in which there is a progression of phases from the most formal to the most empirical: "Kant develops his system of corporeal nature in the following way. He starts in the Critique with the most formal act of human cognition, called by him the transcendental unity of apperception, and its various aspects, called the logical functions of judgment. He then proceeds to the pure categories of the understanding, and then to the schematized categories, and finally to the transcendental principles of nature in general." It is within this system that the transcendental schemata are supposed to serve a crucial purpose. Many interpreters of Kant have emphasized the importance of the schematism. Purpose of the schematism chapter If pure concepts of the understanding (Kantian Categories) and sense perceptions are radically different from each other, what common quality allows them to relate? Kant wrote the chapter on Schematism in his Critique of Pure Reason to solve the problem of "...how we can ensure that categories have 'sense and significance.' " A posteriori concepts have sense when they are derived from a mental image that is based on experienced sense impressions. Kant's a priori concepts, on the other hand, are alleged to have sense when they are derived from a non–experienced mental schema, trace, outline, sketch, monogram, or minimal image. This is similar to a Euclidean geometrical diagram. Whenever two things are totally different from each other, yet must interact, there must be some common characteristic that they share in order to somehow relate to one another. Kantian Categories, or a priori concepts, have, according to Kant, a basic and necessary importance for human knowledge, even though they are totally different from sensations. However, they must be connected in some way with sensed experience because "… an a priori concept which cannot, as it were, establish any empirical connections is a fraud … the purpose of the Schematism chapter was to show that the categories at least do have satisfactory empirical connections." Kant was preoccupied "with bridging the otherwise heterogeneous poles of 'thought' and 'sensation' in the Schematism of the Pure Concepts of the Understanding (A 138/B 177)." Explication of the Kantian account of schemata Three types of concept and their schemata There are three types of concept that require a schema in order to connect them to phenomenal sense perceptions so that they have sense [Sinn] and meaning [Bedeutung]. These three types are (1) empirical concepts, (2) pure (mathematical) sensuous concepts, and (3) pure concepts of the understanding, or [Kantian] Categories. The first two employ schemata. The third employs transcendental schemata. Empirical concepts An empirical concept is the abstract thought of that which is common to several perceptions. When an empirical concept is said to contain an object, whatever is thought in the concept must be intuited in the mental representation of the object. Examples of intuitive perceptions that are the content of empirical concepts are vague images that are imagined in order to connect a concept with the perceptions from which it was derived as their common feature. "Intuitions," Kant wrote, "are always required to verify or demonstrate the reality of our concepts." These examples ensure that "our abstract thinking has not strayed far from the safe ground of perception, and has possibly become somewhat high-flown or even a mere idle display of words." This is because "concepts are quite impossible, and are utterly without meaning or signification, unless an object is given for the concepts themselves, or at least for the elements of which they consist." For example, "The concept of a dog signifies a rule according to which my imagination can trace, delineate, or draw a general outline, figure, or shape of a four-footed animal without being restricted to any single and particular shape supplied by experience." In order to prevent the emptiness of "thoughts without contents," it is "necessary to make our concepts sensible, i.e., to add an object of intuition to them." In order to test whether a concept is sensible, we sometimes " … go back to perception only tentatively and for the moment, by calling up in imagination a perception corresponding to the concept that occupies us at the moment, a perception that can never be quite adequate to the (general) concept, but is a mere representative of it for the time being. … Kant calls a fleeting phantasm of this kind a schema." Pure sensuous (mathematical) concepts These are concepts that relate, prior to experience, to the external sense of space and the internal sense of time. As such, they are mathematical in that they refer to geometry and arithmetic. A pure, sensuous concept is the construction or mental drawing of what is common to several geometrical figures. These mathematical concepts are not based on objective visual images. They are based on schemata that exist only in thought. Any particular image could not be as general as the concept. The schemata are rules that allow the imagination to mentally construct or draw or trace a pure, general geometrical form that gives the pure, sensuous concept significance. "… [T]o possess the schema corresponding to the concept triangle is to be able to envisage the variety of things to which the word "triangle" applies." "[T]he schema of sensuous concepts (such as of figures in space) is a product and, as it were, a monogram of the pure imagination a priori. Images become possible only through the schema. But the images must always be connected with the concept only by means of the designated schema. Otherwise, the images can never be fully congruent to the general concept." Pure concepts of the understanding (Categories) A pure concept of the understanding, or category, is a characteristic, predicate, attribute, quality, or property of any possible object, that is, an object in general or as such. These concepts are not abstractions of what is common to several perceived, particular, individual objects, as are empirical concepts. "Since the categories are a priori and are therefore not abstractions from sense perceptions, they owe their origin to the very nature of the mind itself." They are not derived from perceptions of external objects, as are empirical concepts. Instead, they are the result of the way that the mind is constituted or formed. They come from within the mind, not from outside of the mind. Kant claimed that the schemata of pure, non-empirical concepts, or categories, provide a reference to intuition in a way similar to the manner of empirical concepts. "If the concepts are empirical, the intuitions are called examples; if they are pure concepts of the understanding, the intuitions are called schemata." In the same way that examples provide signification for empirical concepts, schemata help to answer the question of "whether operating with the categories is anything other than playing with words." Since the pure concepts of the understanding, or categories, are characteristics of all objects in general, they can never be associated with the image of any specific, particular, individual object. "Since they are pure, they cannot be pictures..." "Yet there must be some connection between the abstract idea and the experienced world to which the idea is expected to apply..." "In order for the pure categories to have objective validity (and not merely subjective validity) they must be related to sensibility." Applying pure concepts to sense impressions The categories, or pure concepts of the understanding, are a priori logical innate forms that are conditions of the possibility of things in general, or of things as such. A thing can become a known object of thought when an a posteriori sense impression is comprehended through the forms of the categories. Categories and sense impressions are totally different from each other. Categories are utterly heterogeneous with the perceptions that are experienced through the sense organs. In order for specific phenomena of Nature to be thought from the combination of categories (pure concepts) and sense perceptions, there must be a third, mediating procedure that connects them. This mediator is a transcendental schema. Transcendental schemata meaningfully join the empty "thoughts without content" and the blind "intuitions without concepts." Schemata that mediate between empirical (a posteriori) concepts or mathematical (pure sensuous) concepts and perceptions are similar to adapters. Just as adapters are devices for fitting together incompatible parts, schemata connect empirical concepts with the perceptions from which they were derived. Schemata are rules for the production of images. As rules, they are related to concepts. As image–producers, they are related to perceptions. "While the concept belongs to the understanding and its instance to perception, the schema has, so to speak, a foot in either domain. As rules for the production of images the schemata … are linked to the understanding; as rules for the production of images they are linked to perception." The "adapter" simile is even more apt in the case of transcendental schemata. This is because pure concepts of the understanding (Categories) are totally unrelated to perceptions. The pure concepts or Categories are original constituent components of the understanding and are not derived from empirical sense perceptions. Transcendental schemata Transcendental schema are not related to empirical concepts or to mathematical concepts. These schemata connect pure concepts of the understanding, or categories, to the phenomenal appearance of objects in general, that is, objects as such, or all objects. Judgment Transcendental Schematism results from the ability to make judgments. Judgment applies "the concepts of the understanding [the Categories] to phenomena." " … [T]he judgment … schematizes these concepts a priori and applies these schemata, without which no experiential judgment would be possible, to each empirical synthesis. … the transcendental schematism of judgment provides it [judgment] with a rule under which given empirical intuitions are to be subsumed." Kant defined the Greek word hypotyposis as a " … rendering perceptible to the senses, making sensual (Versinnlichung)." The usual definition is "example, pattern, outline, or sketch." If a hypotyposis is schematic, according to Kant, "...to a concept, which is comprehended by the understanding, the corresponding intuition is given a priori..." This is in opposition to a symbolic hypotyposis, like God, in which the concept can only be thought by Reason and to which no sensible intuition can be adequate. Schemata contain direct presentations of the concept. They make this presentation demonstratively, not by the use of analogies. Judgment, according to Kant, works mechanically with given appearances and brings them under concepts. It does this as a tool that is utilized and controlled by both the understanding and the senses. To avoid possible mistakes in judgments one must conduct the transcendental reflection. Time The schematism of the pure understanding is "the sensuous condition [time] under which alone pure concepts of the understanding [the Categories] can be used." Categories, or pure concepts of the understanding, are abstract representations of objects in general. However, they can result in thought about particular, specific internal or external objects if they are related to time. All concepts are derived from perceptions, therefore pure concepts [Categories] are based on pure perceptions. The purest perception, or schema, is time. Time has the purest relation to sensation that is possible. It is the mere form of sensation because sensations must be felt in succession. Therefore, time was designated by Kant as the purest possible schema of a pure concept. All things are experienced in time, that is, in succession, one after another. This applies to our internal selves as well as to all external objects. Since categories are the forms through which every specific thing can be thought as being in time, categories are related to time. Thus, pure concepts, or categories, and phenomenal objects share time as a common feature. Therefore, time is the means by which an intuited phenomenon is subsumed under a pure concept. Schemata are transcendental time determinations. "Hence it will be possible for the category to be applied to appearances by means of the transcendental time determination, which, as the schema of the concepts of the understanding, mediates the subsumption of appearances under the category." Schemata are procedural rules, not images Because schemata are determinations of objects in general, not specific, individual objects, they are not particular images. Kant asserted that "… a schema must be distinguished from an image." A schema is a procedural rule. The rule prescribes the way to relate a pure concept to an object in general. Schemata are ways of applying pure concepts (categories) to sense impressions. They are prescriptions for graphically illustrating a pure concept. A schema is a method for representing a non-empirical concept in any image as such or any image in general. " … [F]or Kant a schema is not an image, but a capacity to form images or (perhaps) to construct models." "The schema of a pure concept of the understanding is something which can never be made into an image..." Lewis White Beck wrote, "The pure concepts of the understanding…are applied to the pure form of intuition (time) to give rise to the 'transcendental schemata' or rules of the application of pure concepts to whatever sense–impressions we receive." To exemplify this, he continued, "To take the most important example, we have the hypothetical (if–then) judgment, which is the mode of judgment under the category of cause. This is applied to phenomena in time by the schema of causation, namely, the rule that the cause of a phenomenon is another phenomenon that invariably precedes it in time…." In this way, Beck showed that a transcendental schema is the rule that leads to the understanding of successive [in time] sensations according to various pure concepts [Kant's "categories"]. Examples of different categories and their schemata Each category has one schema. Some schemas are shared by other categories in their class. The categories of quantity all share the schema of number. Quantity is related to a numerical time series. William H.S. Monck claimed that Kant can be understood as saying "In apprehending an object I always successively add part to part, and thus generate a series of determinate magnitude." Unity is one moment in time. Plurality is several moments. Totality is expressed as all moments. But Monck noted that "Kant does not trace out specially the Schemata of the Categories of Unity, Plurality, and Totality." Monck supposed: "In the Category of Unity I presume we should stop at the first term of the Time–series: for the Category of Plurality we should represent the addition of unit to unit without laying down any determinate limit; and for the Category of Totality we should limit the number of units and complete the addition up to this number." The categories of quality all have degrees of reality as their schema. Quality is related to the content of real being in time. Kant metaphorically explained the schema of quality as the filling up of time with a sensation. Monck paraphrased Kant as saying, "We may speak of time as being more completely filled when the sensation is more vivid, and less completely filled when the sensation is weaker. If the sensation is sufficiently vivid the present moment is so filled with it that it seems impossible to attend to, or even be conscious of any other sensation simultaneously; but when it becomes weaker we have leisure to perceive other sensations also. This occurs by degrees. "We can represent this filling as taking place by a gradual increase from zero (empty time) to any given degree of vividness, or by a similar descent from the sensation of the moment to zero." Reality is the experience of sensation in time. Negation is the absence of sensation in time. Limitation is the range of degrees, between the transition from full to empty, by which things are sensed in time. But Monck stated that "Again Kant does not here give in detail the Schemata of the Categories of Reality, Negation, and Limitation." He qualifiedly suggested that "In the first case [Reality], we should, perhaps, represent the sensation as occupying the present moment to the exclusion of everything else; in the second [Negation] the sensation as entirely absent from the present moment; in the third [Limitation] the sensation as occupying the present moment along with others. "The Schema of the Category of Relation is the Order of Time." In the class of relation, each category has its own schema. Substance's schema is the permanence of the unchanging substance (subject) to which accidents (predicates) belong, or the permanence of the object in time. Causality's schema is the necessary succession of a consequent to an antecedent. That is, "… the Schema of the Category of Cause is its regular Antecedence in Time (i.e. Succession in Time determined by fixed law)." The category of community has the schema of the necessary coexistence of the accidents of one substance with the accidents of another substance. This communal interaction consists of the changing accidents of one substance having their cause in the changing accidents of another substance, and vice versa. This can be understood as "… the Simultaneity of objects in Time." "The Schema of the Category of Modality according to Kant is Time itself as related to the Existence of the object." In the class of modality, the category of possibility has the schema of possibility at any time. The schema of actual existence at a certain time belongs to the category of existence. Finally, the category of necessity has the schema of being an object at all times. Even though Kant provided these illustrations and examples of schemata, author John Mahaffy claimed that the topic remained obscure. He wrote, "I may add, that these illustrations of the various schemata are developed and explained by the succeeding chapters on the Principles which embody them, and that it is impossible to make them clear to the reader until he has studied the theory of the Principles." Schematized and unschematized categories The schemata give the categories a "cash value", as though the category is like paper money and sense experience is analogous to precious metal. A schema is the agreement or harmony of a category with sensual phenomena. For example, "Number is the quantity of the phenomenon; sensation is the reality of the phenomenon; the permanence and endurance of things is the substance of the phenomenon, eternity is the necessity of the phenomenon, etc." In this way, the schemata restrict the categories to conditions of sensibility. "Schematism and the schemas thus have the property of 'realizing' the categories at the same time as restricting their scope to appearances." Categories cannot be realized in objects that are not detectable by the senses, that is, are not phenomenal objects (objects that appear to an observer). "The schemata of the pure concepts of the understanding are, therefore, the true and sole conditions for providing these concepts with a reference to objects and hence with signification. And therefore the categories have, in the end, no other use than a possible empirical one." In order for categories to refer to perceived, experienced objects, they must be schematized. If a category is not schematized, then it has no reference to perception. An unschematized category can be thought, but can not be known. If something can never be perceived, it can never be known. Schemata represent things in general as they appear, not as they might otherwise exist. "Categories, therefore, without schemata are only functions of the understanding necessary for concepts, but do not themselves represent any object." This act results in the formation of one abstract concept from various perceptions or other concepts. With the transcendental determination of time as the transcendental schema, " … use of the categories is clearly restricted to the range of things that fall within time — meaning, for Kant, restricted to phenomena." Metaphysical entities that are not related to time, such as spontaneous or uncaused movements, immortal souls, and eternal gods, are products of unschematized categories. They can be thought, but not known. Unschematized concepts Two kinds of concepts do not use schemata in order to exhibit their empirical bases: rational concepts (ideas of reason), and Platonic Ideas. With these concepts or ideas, there is no intermediate nexus between abstract entity and concrete sense perception. These unschematized concepts do not contain or subsume a representation of an object that is the basis of a concept. Kant listed three rational concepts or ideas of reason: God, freedom, and immortality. They are not found in experience. “…[T]he difficulty about ideas of reason is that ‘absolutely no intuition commensurate with these can be given’ (Critique of Judgment, § 59).” “To make sense of such ideas we must accordingly have recourse to an alternative procedure, in which use is made of ‘symbols’ as opposed to schemata proper. What happens here is…that we find some empirically intuitable situation which can serve as a model by reference to which the idea can be made comprehensible.” For example, Kant tried to show how sense can be made of the idea of an unseen God “by making a [loving or angry] father’s relationship to his children the [metaphorical, figurative] symbol of God’s relationship to the world.” The rational idea of a non-deterministic occurrence can be spoken of in reference to the analogies of the universe as a mechanism [such as a clock] or organism. Thus, while pure concepts of understanding, empirical, and pure sensible concepts are directly exhibited and made sensible through schemata, ideas of reason are indirectly exhibited through relations by the use of symbolic analogy. Professor W. H. Walsh attempted to explain how schemata are used to make sense of, or exhibit, the twelve Kantian categories (pure concepts of the understanding) while symbolic analogous relationships are used for the three rational concepts (ideas of reason). "It may be useful in this connection to compare what Kant says about the schematization, or quasi-schematization, of ideas of reason with what he says about the schematization of categories. The problem in the two cases is in essentials identical: how to make a concrete use of concepts which are by nature remote from sense. To show that such a use is possible we need, in Kant’s technical terminology, to find intuitions corresponding to them. In the case of pure concepts of the understanding this can be done, since we can point to the appropriate schemata; the difficulty about ideas of reason is just that 'absolutely no intuition commensurate with them can be given' (Critique of Judgment, §59). To make sense of such ideas [of reason] we must accordingly have recourse to an alternative procedure, in which use is made of ‘symbols’ as opposed to schemata proper. What happens here is, roughly, that we find some empirically intuitable situation which can serve as a model by reference to which the idea [of reason] can be made comprehensible. The idea of God, for example, is incapable of being schematized, but we can nevertheless make partial sense of it for certain purposes by making a father’s relationship to his children the symbol of God’s relationship to the world....What is noteworthy in this discussion…is…the sharp contrast drawn between schema and symbol, and hence between the meaningfulness of categories and that of ideas [of reason]….every concept capable of schematization…seems to allow that the relationship between idea [of reason] and symbol is altogether less intimate: symbolizing is a relatively arbitrary process, and hence each idea [of reason] can be symbolized in a variety of ways." A category has one transcendental schema; an idea of reason can have multiple symbols for its analogy. Plato’s Ideas (also known as notions, forms, paradigms, or archetypes) are concepts that function as patterns or models. They are related to objects in the experienced world Ideas are related to natural objects or their perceptual representations by the processes of participating, partaking, and copying. “The particular objects which we perceive are imperfect copies or reflections of the eternal patterns.” Link to the Unconscious In von Hartmann’s Philosophy of the Unconscious he declared that Kantian Transcendental Schemata connect unconscious Categories to conscious knowledge. Kant’s Pure Concepts of the Understanding, or Categories, are unconscious representations or ideas that lie beyond knowledge. According to von Hartmann, these unconscious Categories produce conscious knowledge through the mediation of the Schemata of the Pure Understanding. Alternative schemata Kant said that the schema of a concept is the representation of a general procedure of the imagination by which an image can be supplied for a concept. Kant claimed that time is the only proper and appropriate transcendental schema because it shares the a priori category's generality and purity as well as any a posteriori phenomenon's manner of appearance. However, it may be true that time is not the only possible schema. Space "Even more remarkable, however, is the fact that in order to understand the possibility of things as consequent upon the categories, and hence in order to establish the categories' objective reality, we need not merely intuitions but indeed always outer intuitions." Since space is the form of all appearances of the outer senses, it may seem that space could serve as a schema. Indeed, any phenomenon that requires space, as well as time, as a form would also need a spatial schema. "This suggests that he may have thought at one point of recasting the Schematism argument in a fundamental way, by substituting space for time; but if he had this idea, he did not carry it out." In the editor's introduction to his translation of the Critique, Paul Guyer asserted that "…although the content of the transcendental schemata for the categories may be explicated in purely temporal terms, the use of these schemata in turn depends upon judgments about the spatial properties and relations of at least some objects of empirical judgment." Guyer claimed that this declaration was clarified in Kant's "The System of All Principles" section. In this way, the use of schemata is supposed to involve both space and time, instead of merely time. Norman Kemp Smith claimed that there is apparently no good reason why Kant did not consider space to also be a transcendental schema for his Categories. Kemp Smith argued that consciousness of space is as fundamental as that of time. He concluded that "…Kant’s concentration on the temporal aspect of experience is exceedingly arbitrary…." and therefore without reason. Experience, Kant had claimed, is always spatio-temporal. Inner sense, however, may be exclusively temporal. Kemp Smith then guessed, in opposition to his earlier statement, why Kant ignored space as a transcendental schema. "Possibly Kant’s very natural preoccupation with his new revolutionary doctrine of inner sense and productive imagination has something to do with the matter [i.e., is the reason for his elimination of space]." Thus, Kant's doctrine of inner sense and its emphasis on time resulted in his exclusion of space as a transcendental schema. A. C. Ewing claimed that the reason that Kant did not use space as a transcendental schema was because space is not needed in order to understand the relational concepts of substance or causality. According to Professor Ewing, Kant did intend to use space as a transcendental schematic mediator between a category and a sensible intuition. Kant, according to Professor Ewing, for one category did use space as a transcendental schema to unify a pure concept with a sensible intuition. Even though space is not needed in order to understand the relations of substance and causality, it is required in order to understand the conceptual relation of community or reciprocity. Werner Pluhar explained why time, rather than space, is used as a connection to include (subsume) sensory intuition in the Kantian categories or pure concepts of the understanding. “…[A]ll [transcendental] schemata connect the categories with time; the reason for this is that time is the only form of intuition that applies to any intuition whatsoever, even to the inner intuition we have of ourselves, whereas space applies merely to all outer intuitions.” (Immanuel Kant, Critique of Judgment, translated by Werner S. Pluhar, Translator’s Introduction, p. xxxvi, Indianapolis: Hackett Publishing Co., 1987) Organism In order to show how time may not be the only schema, Professor Walsh suggested that there is "… the possibility of making sense of the categories in organic as opposed to mechanical terms." He hypothesized that "Elements in an organic complex would here take the place of elements in a temporal situation. Substance might be interpreted in terms of growth and form as opposed to what underlies mechanical change, and causality be thought of in terms of purpose and function." However, Professor Walsh concluded that Kant's choice of time as schema was more precise than any alternative choices. In spite of the general difficulty in understanding Schematism, he asserted that "… Kant's doctrine of schematism, if not altogether satisfactory at the theoretical level, will continue to stand on the strong empirical ground that the schemata offered do enable us to give real meaning to the categories and find for them a genuine use." Schemata of systematic unity In his discussion of the Architectonic of Pure Reason, Kant utilized the concept of schema in a way that was similar to his discussion of the schemata of the Categories. A science's whole systematic organization consists of parts. The parts are various cognitions or units of knowledge. The parts are united under one idea which determines the relation of the parts to each other and also the purpose of the whole system. A schema is needed to execute, carry out, or realize this unifying idea and put it into effect. This schema is a sketch or outline of the way that the parts of knowledge are organized into a whole system of science. A schema which is sketched, designed, or drafted in accordance with accidental, empirical purposes results in mere technical unity. But a schema that is drawn up from an a priori rational idea is the foundational outline of architectonic unity. Science must have architectonic unity. "For the schema of what we call science must contain the whole's outline (monogramma) and the whole's division into parts in conformity with the idea — i.e., it must contain these a priori — and must distinguish this whole from all others with certainty and according to principles." This use of the concept of schema is similar to Kant's previous use. It is a minimal outline, monogram, or diagram that realizes or executes an abstract, general concept or idea (Idee) as actual, perceptual experience. Criticism Obscurity of the concept "schema" Kant introduced the concept of the transcendental schema in his chapter entitled "Of the Schematism of the Pure Concepts of the Understanding." It is considered to be one of Kant's more difficult chapters. Even though he knew that he was not writing for a popular readership, Kant twice tried to apologize for this chapter by calling it "very dry" and "dry and tedious." Kant entered into his 1797 notebook: "In general, the schematism is one of the most difficult points. – Even Herr Beck cannot find his way about in it." Professor W.H. Walsh, of the University of Edinburgh, wrote: "The chapter on Schematism probably presents more difficulties to the uncommitted but sympathetic reader than any other part of the Critique of Pure Reason. Not only are the details of the argument highly obscure (that, after all, is a common enough experience in reading Kant, though one is not often so baffled as one is here): it is hard to say in plain terms what general point or points Kant is seeking to establish." Arthur Schopenhauer referred to it as "…the strange 'Chapter on the Schematism of the Pure Concepts of the Understanding,' which is well known for its great obscurity, since no one has ever been able to make anything out of it." Schopenhauer's notebooks contained entries that described Kant's chapter on schemata as "an audacious piece of nonsense" and the schema as "an absurdity whose non–existence is plain." Schopenhauer also remarked on "...the futility of such intermediate things between intuitive perception and concepts." In Schopenhauer's criticism of Kant's schemata, he attempted to clear up the obscurity by attributing Kant's concept of schemata simply to a psychological need for architectonic symmetry in his writings. Empirical concepts are based on empirical perceptions. Kant, however, tried to claim that, analogously, pure concepts (Categories) also have a basis. But this contradicts his previous assertion that pure concepts simply exist in the human mind and are not based on pure, schematic perceptions. Schopenhauer also alleged that schemata were introduced merely to give plausibility to Kant's description of the categories or pure concepts of the understanding. The article on Kant in the Encyclopedia of Philosophy calls Kant's schematism a "baffling doctrine " with "cryptic sentences." Josiah Royce referred to "the perplexing doctrine of the Schema." The Scottish philosopher Robert Adamson wrote: "Kant's manner of explaining the functions of schematism is extremely apt to be misunderstood, and to mislead." Kant's early critics (1782 –1789) did not discuss schematism because they couldn't follow Kant's explanation. Heidegger wrote of "the dryness and tediousness of this analysis…." After more than two centuries, Kant's explanation of schema still seems to be unclear to many readers. In their book on parallel distributed processing, the PDP Research Group discussed Kant's schemata when they appropriated that word to designate their concept of image schemata. "The schema," they wrote, "throughout history, has been a concept shrouded in mystery. Kant's … use of the term has been provocative but difficult to understand." After this sentence, no further attempt was made to discuss Kant's term and the concept that it designates. H. H. Price, in Thinking and Experience, page 292, referred to Kant's Schema and wrote, "…I must confess I do not fully understand it." In 2004, Professor Georges Dicker of SUNY Brockport stated: "I find the Schematism especially opaque…." Kant scholar Norman Kemp Smith judged the schematism chapter to be a "highly artificial argument." Kant's explanation seems, to Kemp Smith, to be contrived and to have no natural progression. Hermann Weyl described his reaction to Kant: "While I had no trouble making this part of Kant’s teaching [regarding a priori space and a priori synthetic judgments] my own, I still had much trouble with the Schematism of Pure Mental Concepts…." In his English lectures, published in 1796, Kant's pupil Friedrich August Nitsch warned his listeners and readers against the difficulty in comprehending Kant's concept of the schema. He wrote: "It will require great efforts of abstraction in the reader to conceive the Schematism of the intellect, in a perfectly clear manner. In his essay "Kant’s Conception of the Categories," T. K. Seung called "…the 'Schematism,' perhaps the most oracular chapter of the Critique….". Professor Eva Schaper wrote that “Schematism…has posed problems for interpreters, and many have wondered whether Kant’s thought had fully matured at the time he wrote it.” According to Kant, a transcendental schema is a mediating nexus, a third thing (tertium quid; ein Drittes), between a pure concept and a phenomenon. This mediation was never satisfactorily explained by Kant, and Charles Sanders Peirce declared that it is a major part of Kant's system. Kant's "doctrine of the schemata can only have been an afterthought…," Peirce wrote. The theory of mediating schemata was "an addition to his system after it was substantially complete." The enormous importance of the concept of the transcendental schema was emphasized by Peirce when he wrote that "if the schemata had been considered early enough, they would have overgrown his whole work." Discrepancies According to Professor W. H. Walsh, there is an apparent discrepancy in Kant's central arguments about schematism. Kant, according to Professor Walsh, first claimed that empirical concepts do not require schemata. Only pure concepts need schemata in order to be realized. This is because pure concepts are totally different from intuitions, whereas, empirical concepts are abstracted from intuitions and are therefore homogeneous with them. But in another part of his chapter, Kant states that mathematical concepts have schemata. "In fact," he wrote, "it is schemata, not images of objects, that lie at the basis of our pure sensible (i.e., geometrical) concepts." In discussing schematism as the method of representing in one image a certain mathematical quantity according to a certain concept, he wrote: "This representation of a general procedure of the imagination by which a concept receives its image, I call the schema of such concept." With regard to pure concepts, Kant then declares, "The schema of a pure concept of the understanding, on the contrary, is something which can never be made into an image … ." Kant, according to Professor Walsh, has two distinct ways of describing schemata. "Sometimes, as at the beginning of his discussion, he speaks as if a schema were a feature of things which could be pointed to … ". In another place, Kant " … speaks as if schematism were a procedure … ." Reconciling Irreconcilables Problematic mediation The perennial mind-body problem examines the relation between cognitions that are inside of a knower’s brain and objects that appear to be outside of that brain. This dualism is reflected in many philosophical dichotomies. These dichotomies consist of two opposing parts that are totally heterogeneous to each other. Kant was concerned with the problem of uniting these opposites for much of his middle and later life. Descartes incorrectly claimed that the dichotomy of soul and body is unified when the brain’s pineal gland is psychokinetically moved by the brain’s thoughts. Salomon Maimon likened Kant’s Transcendental Schemata to Descartes’ pineal gland. Kant’s concept of Transcendental Schema is understood as being a variation of the enduring mind-body problem because his Transcendental Schema subsumes a sensuous intuition under a pure concept, combining conceptual understanding [mind] with perceptual sensation [body]. Kant’s Three Mediators In each of his three critiques, Kant described the inclusion of a particular, sensible, concrete intuition in a universal, super-sensible, abstract concept. This inclusion or subsumption occurs, according to Kant, by means of a mediator. "In the first Critique, Kant introduces the [transcendental] schema by arguing that it is needed to mediate between the pure concepts of the understanding and imagination (intuition). In the second Critique Kant similarly introduces the typus as needed to mediate between reason’s moral law and understanding….In the Critique of Judgment,… Kant justifies his treatment of judgment as…a cognitive power in its own right partly by showing how it mediates between the other two higher cognitive powers, understanding and reason…." The three mediators (transcendental schema, typus, and judgment) have nearly equivalent functions. Kant presented the typus mediator (in the second critique) and judgment (as mediator in the third critique) as having nearly the same properties as the transcendental schema mediator (in the first critique). "The model of the mediating item developed in the Schematism has five features….The mediator must be 1) a third thing, 2) homogeneous with both [heterogeneous] parties, but 3) independent of both as well. It must also be 4) analogical, but, in the case of non-schematic mediation, 5) it must remain at the level of analogy--it must not mediate substantively or materially between the two parties, unlike schematic mediation…." Schopenhauer criticized Kant’s use of the first Critique’s organization in Kant’s construction of the second and third Critiques."The [first critique’s] table of categories is now supposed to be the guiding line along which every metaphysical, and in fact every scientific, speculation is to be conducted (Prolegomena, § 39). In fact, it is not only the foundation of the whole Kantian philosophy, and the type according to which its symmetry is carried through everywhere…but it has also really become the Procrustean bed on to which Kant forces every possible consideration…." The second Critique’s typus matches the first Critique’s transcendental schema in obscurity. "[E]ven a reader as acute and sophisticated as Jacob Sigismund Beck wrote to Kant in [3 July] 1792 to express his puzzlement over the Typic." Judgment as Mediator Judgment, according to Professor Pluhar, mediates between understanding and reason in the following way: "…in a syllogism the power of judgment subsumes the particular under some universal (i.e., under some principle) supplied by understanding and thereby enables reason to make an inference from that universal to the particular." Kant hypothesized that judgment is "…the ability [capacity] to subsume the particular under the universal…." In this way, the two discrete, heterogeneous cognitions, viz., abstract universal and concrete particular, are linked together by means of the mediating judgment. Kant called this mediate linkage "subsumption" [Subsumtion], a verb that denotes the inclusion of a part into a whole. A Third Thing (ein Drittes) Kant taught that a Transcendental Schema is a third thing that exists between a perceived phenomenon or appearance and a conceived Category (pure concept of the Understanding). Through the mediation of time, as a third, shared thing, a pure Category that is merely thought can be applied to a phenomenon that is experienced as a sense perception, or, in other words, a phenomenon can be subsumed under a Category. Previous philosophers had analyzed similar applications or subsumptions while they were investigating heterogeneous relations. They had claimed that an attempt to relate disparate things results in infinite degrees of relation. For example, Plato wrote about an endless series or infinite regress of Forms (i.e., Ideals, Ideas, Paradigms); Aristotle deliberated upon the Third Man Argument. In Plato’s "Parmenides" dialogue he had Socrates discuss the relationship between a Form and a thing that has a share in the Form. In order for them to relate to each other they must be like each other in some way; they must share some common property. But, in order to relate to the common property, they must share a further common property, and so on to infinity Aristotle commented on the relation between Plato’s Universal Form of Man and the phenomenal appearance of an individual physical man. Aristotle’s claim is that, if [the Platonic Form of] Man Itself is separated from the individual men, then, since the individuals and [the Platonic Form] of Man Itself are both men, a "third" man will be predicable (and thus separate from them) of both -- a "fourth" of those three, a "fifth" of the resulting four, and so on. The problem of the infinite regress of mediated relations is by-passed if Kant’s use of the "third thing" analogy is understood as being inappropriate. According to Norman Kemp Smith, the Transcendental Schema is not a third thing between a sensed appearance and a thought Category. "[The] relation holding between categories and the material of sense is that of form and matter…," not "…between a class concept and the particulars which can be subsumed under it." "…[T]he true Critical teaching is that category and intuition, that is to say, form and content mutually condition one another, and that the so-called schema is simply a name for the latter [intuition or content] as apprehended in terms of the former [category or form]. Adamson's interpretation Scottish philosopher Robert Adamson wrote from a Hegelian standpoint. He believed that Kant's analysis of knowledge into the separate topics of intuition, schema, and concept was mechanical and artificial. Adamson claimed that "Thought and Intuition are organically united in the schema." "We are not to suppose that the subsumption [of the intuition under the pure notion] is mechanical; that the particular is something distinct from the universal. The union is organic; the particular is only the universal under a special form. The same function of synthesis, which in pure abstraction we call category, is, in realization, the schema, and the intuition is not apart from the schema." Kant's abstract analysis of perceptual knowledge was, according to Adamson, the misleading separation of an organic unity into individual components. He asserted that "… we must on no account regard Notion, Schema, and Intuition, as three parts of perception which would exist in isolation." This amalgamation is typical of the Hegelian "dialectical" formula in which two apparent opposites are always subsumed or reconciled by some third entity. Pluhar's interpretation In the translator's introduction to his version of Kant's Critique of Judgment, Werner Pluhar tried to explain schemata. He noted that perceptual intuitions and Kant's conceptual categories are very different, yet they relate to each other. This exposition by Professor Pluhar paraphrases Kant's doctrine that perceptions are based on concepts. Kant's position can be contrasted with Schopenhauer's opposite teaching that concepts are derived or abstracted from perceptions, thereby giving content to the concepts and allowing them to make sense. This is the very reason why pure concepts, or categories, require schemata. "Something is needed," Pluhar wrote, sharing Kant's viewpoint, "to mediate between intuition in general and the categories, viz., a rule or 'schema' that stipulates what conditions the intuition must meet so that it can match a category." Professor Pluhar then gave a specific example of how time is utilized to accomplish the matching or mediation. His explanation does not resort to presenting schemata through the use of visual analogies such as "sketches" or "outlines." Pluhar's schemata are rules. "In the case of causal relation, the schema is the rule that the effect must follow the cause in time." After providing this particular instance, he declared generally that "…all schemata connect the categories with time…." Professor Pluhar then asserted the reason for this schematic connection: "…time is the only form of intuition that applies to any intuition whatsoever, even to the inner intuition that we have of ourselves, whereas space applies merely to all outer intuitions." Oddly enough, schemata do not have to be added as mediators to the categories of causality and substance. These are already temporalized. Time is intrinsic to the relation between cause and effect. Substance, by its very nature, is a thing that continually endures. Watson on time and schematism Canadian professor John Watson, in his discussion of Kantian philosophy, wrote about supposed supersensible, atemporal beings such as God or the soul. Such things are said to have a timeless existence. As such, though, they cannot be known or experienced. Watson asserted that "…whatever cannot be ‘schematized’...cannot be known...." He considered Kantian schematization as "...conforming to the process by which the definite or concrete becomes a possible object in time...." Schematizing an object is representing an object in time. Accordingly, timeless "...supersensible realities...are not capable of being 'schematized,' do not admit of the application to them of the [Kantian] categories and can never become objects of actual sensible experience." "In the Critique of Pure Reason it has been maintained that no knowledge of supersensible realities can be obtained, since such knowledge always implies a process of determining [or schematizing] objects in time, whilst the supersensible is necessarily free from the limits of time." If supersensible objects cannot be schematized because they are not in time, then "…to the supersensible world…the schematized categories have no application….". If a supersensible thing, like God or the soul, is not in time, then it can't be schematized, can't be applied to Kantian categories, and therefore can't be a known object. Such supersensible entities would have to be schematized through the form of time if they were to be known as having sequentially countable magnitude, gradations of intensive reality, permanent substantiality, or successive causality. Elaborations of Kant's notion of schema in cognitive science The philosopher Mark Johnson discusses Kant's conception of a schema with respect to developing a theory of the imagination within cognitive science. Johnson's theory makes use of Kant's insights that analogy is the cognitive mechanism which links sensible percepts to their conceptual categories, and that creative analogy—or what Johnson calls conceptual metaphor—is the cognitive mechanism by which we come to have our understanding of those abstract concepts and categories of which we have less direct sensible experience. He proposes that we use imaginative schemata to structure abstract concepts largely in terms a set of spatial analogies he calls image schemata. In Johnson's view, we acquire image schemata primarily from recurrent patterns of experiences in infancy and early childhood, and then reuse these image schemata in a metaphoric fashion both to reason abstractly and as we speak our language. In an increase of ambiguity and confusion, some cognitive scientists today have appropriated the often–misused technical term "schema" to mean Kantian Category. In his book Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy: Basic Principles and Applications (Jason Aronson Publishers,1996), Robert L. Leahy of the American Institute for Cognitive Therapy in New York City and the Weill Cornell Medical College of Cornell University exemplifies this misuse. In Chapter 2, "Historical Context of Cognitive Therapy," he wrote of how, for Kant, "reality is never directly knowable, but rather is 'known' through 'categories of thinking.'" Leahy then stated, "According to Kant, all knowledge was based on the 'categories' (which today we would call schemas). Consequently, reality was never directly knowable--we only knew the schemas." In this way, Kant's concept of "category," or "pure concept of the understanding," is no longer defined as being a predicate, property, quality, or characteristic of any and all objects in general. A Kantian Category is now vaguely considered by cognitive scientists to be a "schema," which was a term that Kant had already used to designate the subsumption of an empirical intuition, through time, under a category or pure concept. See also Schema (psychology) Schopenhauer's criticism of the Kantian philosophy Schopenhauer's criticism of Kant's schemata Image schema Category (Kant) References Bibliography Adamson, Robert, On the Philosophy of Kant, 1879 Caygill, Howard, A Kant Dictionary, Blackwell. 1995, Ellington, James W., "The Unity of Kant's Thought in His Philosophy of Corporeal Nature," Philosophy of Material Nature, Hackett, 1985, Heidegger, Martin, Kant and the Problem of Metaphysics, Indiana U. Press, Bloomington, 1962 Kant, Immanuel, Critique of Pure Reason, Cambridge University Press, 2000, Kant, Immanuel, Critique of Judgment, Translated by Werner S. Pluhar, Hackett, 1987, Kant, Immanuel, Immanuel, First Introduction to the Critique of Judgment, Library of Liberal Arts, 146, Bobbs–Merrill, 1965 Kant, Immanuel, Immanuel, Prolegomena to any future metaphysics, Bobbs–Merrill, 1976, Kant–Studien, Band 49 (1957), Kölner Universitäts–Verlag Stephan Körner, Kant, Penguin Books, 1964, Mahaffy, John P., Kant's Critical Philosophy for English Readers, 1872 Johnson, Mark, The Body in the Mind: The Bodily Basis of Meaning, Imagination, and Reason, University of Chicago, 1987 McClelland, J.L., D.E. Rumelhart and the PDP Research Group (1986). Parallel Distributed Processing: Explorations in the Microstructure of Cognition. Volume 2: Psychological and Biological Models, Cambridge, MA: MIT Press, Monck, William H.S., Introduction to the Critical Philosophy, 1874 Schopenhauer, Arthur, The World as Will and Representation, Vol. I, Dover, 1969, Schopenhauer, Arthur, Manuscript Remains, Vol. 2, Berg Publishers Limited, 1988, The Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Volume 3, Macmillan, 1972 von Hartmann, Eduard, Philosophy of the Unconscious, New York: Harcourt, Brace & Co., 1931 Walsh, W. H., "Schematism", Kant–Studien, Band 49 (1957), Kölner Universitäts–Verlag, 1957 Kantianism	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Schema%20%28Kant%29
Samuel Mitchell may refer to: Samuel Mitchell (Western Australian politician) (1838–1912), Western Australian politician Samuel Mitchell (VC) (1841–1894), Victoria Cross recipient Samuel Alfred Mitchell (1874–1960), Canadian astronomer Samuel Augustus Mitchell (1790–1868), American geographer Samuel Brown Wylie Mitchell (1828–1879), founder of Phi Kappa Sigma fraternity Samuel James Mitchell (1852–1926), South Australian politician and judge Samuel N. Mitchell (1846–1905), American lyricist See also Samuel L. Mitchill (1764–1831), American doctor and politician Sam Mitchell (disambiguation)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Samuel%20Mitchell
The autostrada A2 in Poland, officially named the Motorway of Freedom (), is a motorway which runs from the Polish-German border (connecting to A12 autobahn near Świecko/Frankfurt an der Oder), through Poznań and Łódź to Warsaw and, in the future, to the Polish-Belarusian border (connecting to M1 highway near Terespol/Brest). It is a part of European route E30. The motorway between the German border and Warsaw () was constructed between 2001 and 2012 (the first fragment of length was originally built between 1977 and 1988 and renovated to modern standards during the construction of the remaining sections). Most of the stretch from the border to Konin is tolled (see Tolls on Polish highways). Eastwards from Warsaw, A2 is being gradually extended. The first segment of this section was the bypass of Mińsk Mazowiecki, which opened in August 2012. The second segment between Warsaw and Mińsk Mazowiecki was completed in 2020. The longest section from Mińsk Mazowiecki to Biała Podlaska () is under construction and is planned to get completed by 2024. The last segment to the Belarusian border () is under design, but its planned construction has been postponed due to the Russian invasion of Ukraine. A2 does not formally run through Warsaw itself, instead turning into expressway S2 (constructed between 2010 and 2021). The motorway also does not technically reach the border with Germany as its endpoint is marked near the Świecko interchange ca. away from the border, although the remaining section is also a dual-carriageway road mostly up to the motorway standard. Route History of construction The first highway planned along part of this route was a Reichsautobahn initiated by Nazi Germany to connect Berlin with Poznań (Posen). The construction of this highway, accelerated after Poznań was incorporated into Germany following the Invasion of Poland in 1939, was interrupted by the war and never finished, but traces of its earthworks were clearly visible on satellite photographs for decades afterwards, especially between the border with Germany and Nowy Tomyśl. Most of these traces have now disappeared as the modern motorway was built largely following the same route. A short stretch of the uncompleted highway between the border and Rzepin was finished as a dual carriageway road after 1945, in effect forming an extension of the German A 12 highway (opened as a Reichsautobahn in the 1930s). Except for this stretch, the construction work was not continued in the decades after the war. New plans to build the A2 motorway were seriously formulated in communist Poland in the 1970s, possibly with the goal of completing it in time for the Moscow Olympics in 1980. Because of the economic crisis which hit the country in the late 1970s and continued throughout the 1980s, only a section from Września to Konin was opened in the 1980s. Construction of another stretch (between Łódź and Warsaw) was started and then abandoned, leaving an interesting ruin informally named Olimpijka, which was in turn demolished around 2010 when building of the motorway resumed. Intensive construction of the motorway started only in 2001 after the fall of communism in Poland in 1989. Out of the planned total length of , have been completed. A section of about (Nowy Tomyśl – Poznań – Września – Konin) has been fully open since 2004. This section is a toll road, with the exception of a short stretch through Poznań which serves as that city's bypass (between the interchanges at Głuchowo and Kleszczewo). An additional section from Konin to Stryków near Łódź was opened on 26 July 2006. A short bypass of Stryków, consisting of a 2 km (1.2 mi) extension of the A2 and a provisional single carriageway section of the future A1 motorway, was opened in December 2008, to ease the heavy traffic in that town generated when the motorway reached it. As of the winter of 2009/2010, the plan was to finish the whole section between the border with Germany and Warsaw by the spring of 2012, giving the Polish capital its first motorway connection to the European motorway network in time for the Euro 2012 football championships. That ambitious goal was jeopardized due to various difficulties encountered in finalizing the construction contracts and the delays that resulted. The section from Stryków to Warsaw was to be built in a public-private partnership, but the negotiations between the government and private companies interested in participating collapsed in February 2009 due to disputes over financing terms. It was then decided that this section of the motorway would be built using public funds alone. The new bidding process was started on 27 March, and the contracts for design and construction of the road were signed on 28 September. The section had been divided into 5 parts and so construction work began in 2010. The contractors were required to have the motorway open to traffic in time for Euro 2012. This goal was an ambitious one and ultimately proved challenging, given the possibility of unexpected delays during construction and the fact that the Chinese consortium abandoned the project less than a year later, so that new contractors had to be selected to replace it. The goal was to have this motorway stretch provisionally opened to traffic in time for Euro 2012, even if it is not fully completed, with various restrictions such as a lower speed limit to ensure safety. For a while it was not clear whether even this limited goal would be reached, but the motorway opened to traffic in June 2012 after very intensive construction work in the final few months. In November 2011, construction of the stretch from the German border to Nowy Tomyśl had been completed. The road was opened to public traffic on 1 December. Toll plazas on this stretch of the highway weren't opened until May 2012 so use of the western section of the A2 was free of charge until then. In May 2013, the interchange with the S3 (Jordanowo) was opened to traffic. First stretch is between the interchange with the A2 motorway and the Świebodzin North interchange. In June 2013, the S3 was extended further and opened to traffic to reach from the Świebodzin South interchange to the existing stretch of the S3 expressway at Sulechów. In July 2013, the elevated bypass of Świebodzin between the interchanges of Świebodzin North and Świebodzin South fully opened to traffic thus fully extending the S3 from Szczecin to Sulechów. Guarantee scandal After COVEC withdrew from completing its construction of the A2, Bank of China was to pay a performance guarantee to the Polish government's roads organization GDDKiA. However, with Export-Import Bank of China, they refused to pay this; only Deutsche Bank honored its obligations under the court decision. Plans The eastern section from Warsaw to the border crossing with Belarus at Kukuryki near Brest (connecting with M1), about in length, is largely under construction. The decision finalizing the route of this section was announced in December 2011, the exception having been a short section of A2 forming the bypass of Mińsk Mazowiecki which was constructed between August 2009 and August 2012. The section between Warsaw and Mińsk Mazowiecki was opened in 2020. The longest section from Mińsk Mazowiecki to Biała Podlaska () is in realization (design-build contracts) and is planned to get completed by 2024. The last segment to the Belarusian border () is under design. It is worth noting that the A2 motorway doesn't actually run through Warsaw, as the inhabitants of the districts through which it was to pass have successfully blocked its construction. This outcome was somewhat unusual, since the corridor for the motorway has been reserved by the city planners since the 1970s and kept free of construction. Instead, the traffic is rerouted through two express roads (S2 and S8), of lower standard than the originally planned motorway. One of these roads (S2) runs along the originally planned motorway corridor. In the most affected area, the district of Ursynów, the express road runs in a tunnel, built at considerable expense. Route description See also Highways in Poland European route E30 References External links Official page of the toll company Page about the planned road network through Warsaw Poland: The Chinese Motorway – news video from European Journal Proposed roads in Poland Motorways in Poland Constituent roads of European route E30	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/A2%20autostrada%20%28Poland%29
American Licorice Company is an American candy manufacturer founded in Chicago, Illinois in 1914, and headquartered in La Porte, Indiana. The company has manufacturing facilities in Union City, California and La Porte. History In 1925, the company began West operations in San Francisco, California. That same year, it produced a set of licorice shoes for Charlie Chaplin's character to eat in the film The Gold Rush. In 1971, the San Francisco facility relocated to Union City, California. In November 1999, American Licorice Co. joined with Ferrara Pan, Spangler, Goetze's, and NECCO to form the Candy Alliance LLC. The Alliance works to promote the mutual interests involved, through the coordination of ingredient purchasing to get lower prices, the creation of cooperative marketing and distribution programs, and the cross-licensing and development of joint products. In 2008, The Food Network program Unwrapped featured a four-minute segment on the making of Sour Punch straws. As of 2008, American Licorice Company also manufactures the Sour Extinguishers brand of candy. In 2011, workers at the American Licorice Company went on strike to maintain their healthcare benefits. On 22 August 2012 the company recalled one pound bags of Red Vines Black Licorice Twists due to traces of lead. On June 28, 2023, it was announced that American Licorice would merge with Seattle-based Theo Chocolate. Brands Snaps Red Vines Fruit Vines Sour Punch Super Ropes Sour Extinguishers References External links Official website Companies based in Indiana History of Chicago History of San Francisco Food and drink in the San Francisco Bay Area Union City, California Companies based in Union City, California Liquorice (confectionery) American companies established in 1914 Food and drink companies established in 1914 Confectionery companies based in California 1914 establishments in Illinois	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/American%20Licorice%20Company
Francesco "Ciccio" Graziani (; born 16 December 1952) is an Italian football manager and former football player who played as a forward. He began his career with Arezzo in 1970, and later joined Torino in 1973, where he remained until 1981, winning a Serie A title in 1976 and the Capocannoniere title as the Serie A top goalscorer in 1977; with 122 total goals scored for Torino, he is the seventh-highest scorer in the history of the Torinese club behind Valentino Mazzola (123). He subsequently moved to Fiorentina, where he narrowly missed out on the Serie A title in his first season, and later also played for Roma between 1983 and 1986, winning two Coppa Italia titles and reaching the 1984 European Cup Final. He later spent two seasons with Udinese, before ending his career with Australian club APIA Leichhardt in 1988. At international level with the Italy national team, they won the 1982 FIFA World Cup, and made fourth-place finishes at the 1978 FIFA World Cup and UEFA Euro 1980. With 23 official goals, he is the ninth-highest all-time scorer for the Italy national team (tied with Christian Vieri). He is the father of , who was also a professional footballer. He considers himself Roman Catholic. Club career Graziani was born in Subiaco, in the province of Rome. A prolific and physical striker, he started his footballing career in Bettini Quadraro before moving to Arezzo and then to Torino in 1973. Graziani played eight seasons for Torino, making his debut in Serie A on 18 November 1973 against Sampdoria and scoring his first goal in the top flight on 16 December of that same year against Bologna. In total, Graziani scored 122 goals in 289 games for Torino, divided as follows: 221 appearances (97 goals) in the league, 45 appearances (17 goals) in the Coppa Italia and 23 appearances (8 goals) in European competition. He won the Scudetto in 1975–76. During the next season, Graziani emerged as the top-scorer in Serie A with a tally of 21 goals. He formed, in those years, the famous pair nicknamed Gemelli del gol ("Goal twins") with his teammate Paolo Pulici. He helped Torino reach the Coppa Italia final in 1980, but was one of the players who failed to score his penalty in the resulting shoot-out defeat to Roma at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome. Graziani left Torino when, with his teammate Pecci, he transferred to Fiorentina for two seasons in 1981, missing the title by a single point in the 1981–82 season. In 1983, he was signed by Roma; they won the Coppa Italia twice (1984 and 1986), and also reached the 1984 European Cup final, losing in a failed penalty shoot-out defeat to Liverpool at the Stadio Olimpico in Rome (Graziani himself missed a penalty in the shoot-out during the match). After two seasons with Udinese and a brief appearance in the Australian National Soccer League with APIA Leichhardt, Graziani abandoned his playing career in 1988. He totaled 353 appearances, with 130 goals, in the Italian Serie A. International career Graziani was also an important international player for Italy: he represented the Azzurri at the 1978 FIFA World Cup, as a reserve behind Paolo Rossi, where they finished in fourth place, and subsequently at the 1980 European Championship on home soil, where he made four appearances, scoring once, as Italy finished in fourth place once again, after reaching the semi-final of the tournament. He made his international debut on 19 April 1975, in a 0–0 home draw in Rome against Poland, and scored his first goal for Italy on 7 April 1976, in a 3–1 home win against Portugal. Graziani also played a key role in Italy's victorious 1982 FIFA World Cup campaign: he scored one goal in the 1982 FIFA World Cup in a 1–1 draw against Cameroon, which proved to be decisive for the Azzurri's qualification to the knockout phase, who advanced on number of goals scored, at the expense of the African team; this was Graziani's final goal for Italy. Graziani appeared in all of Italy's matches as the nation went on to win the tournament for the third time in their history. In the final against West Germany, however, he was forced off in the seventh minute of play after sustaining a shoulder injury following a collision with Wolfgang Dremmler, and was replaced by Alessandro Altobelli; Italy won the match 3–1 to claim the title. Graziani's final official appearance for Italy came on 29 May 1983, in a 2–0 away defeat to Sweden in a UEFA Euro 1984 qualifying match. He returned to the national team for the 25th anniversary of the 1982 FIFA World Cup Final on 27 July 2007 in Stuttgart, scoring twice, with the final score of 4–4. With 23 goals in 64 caps between 1975 and 1983, he is ranked as the ninth-highest all-time scorer for his national team. Style of play Nicknamed "Ciccio", Graziani was a prolific and versatile forward, known for his composure in front of goal, and was capable of playing as a main striker, in a creative midfield role, or even on the wing, due to his ability to play off of his teammates. Although in his youth he was not known for being particularly skilful, he showed great technical improvements throughout his career; these characteristics, along with his determination, work-rate, eye for goal, heading accuracy, ability in the air, and physical attributes, enabled him to excel as a centre-forward. Managerial career Graziani coached a number of teams with little fortune: he managed his former club Fiorentina during the 1989–90 season, in which they narrowly avoided relegation but reached the 1990 UEFA Cup Final, and later coached Reggina in 1990, and Avellino in 1993. In the 2001–02 season, Graziani, who was the managing director of Catania in Serie C1, was successively appointed as manager, and led the Sicilian team to a historic promotion in Serie B. He then resigned as football coach after the ninth match of the next season, and in 2003–04 he coached Montevarchi of Serie C2 with little success, being fired before the end of the season. From 2004 to 2006, he coached Cervia, an amateur team of Emilia-Romagna from Eccellenza league which was subject of an Italian reality show, Campioni – Il Sogno. He led the team to an immediate promotion to Serie D, being popular to the public because of his hot-blooded attitudes, especially during league matches. He later also worked for Mediaset as a football pundit. Honours Player Torino Serie A: 1975–76 Coppa Italia: runner-up 1979–80 Roma Coppa Italia: 1983–84, 1985–86 European Cup: runner-up 1983–84 Italy FIFA World Cup: 1982 Individual Serie A Top scorer: 1976–77 (21 goals) Coppa Italia Top scorer: 1980–81 (5 goals) Torino FC Hall of Fame: 2017 ACF Fiorentina Hall of Fame: 2019 Manager Cervia Eccellenza: 2004–05 (Group B) References External links Goals and appearances in Serie A L'eroe Francesco Graziani Profile at FIGC.it 1952 births Living people People from Subiaco, Lazio Italian men's footballers Italian expatriate men's footballers Italian expatriate sportspeople in Australia Italy men's international footballers Italy men's under-21 international footballers SS Arezzo players Torino FC players AS Roma players ACF Fiorentina players Udinese Calcio players Serie A players Serie B players APIA Leichhardt FC players Expatriate men's soccer players in Australia Italian football managers ACF Fiorentina managers LFA Reggio Calabria managers US Avellino 1912 managers Catania FC managers Montevarchi Calcio Aquila 1902 managers ASD Cervia 1920 managers Italian television personalities UEFA Euro 1980 players 1978 FIFA World Cup players 1982 FIFA World Cup players FIFA World Cup-winning players Men's association football forwards Footballers from the Metropolitan City of Rome Capital Italian Roman Catholics	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Francesco%20Graziani
Mille Lacs Kathio State Park, also known as Kathio Site, is a Minnesota state park on Mille Lacs Lake. The park preserves habitation sites and mound groups, believed to date between 3000 BC and 1750 AD, that document Dakota Indian culture and Ojibwe-Dakota relationships. The park contains 19 identified archaeological sites, making it one of the most significant archaeological collections in Minnesota. The earliest site dates to the Archaic period and shows evidence of copper tool manufacture. The Dakota lived in this area roughly until the 18th century, when many bands of them were moving southward into the prairies and river areas of southern Minnesota. At the same time, Ojibwe (Anishinaabe) were moving in from the east. Ojibwe oral tradition, published by William Whipple Warren, suggests that there was a battle in which they successfully took control of the area from the Lakota. Around the time of contact in the 1850s, loggers came to the area. The next 50 years resulted in a large quantity of trees being felled and floated down the Rum River or across Mille Lacs Lake to sawmills. The name "Kathio" is actually a corruption of "Izatys", a name the Mdewakanton Dakota people gave themselves. Explorer Daniel Greysolon, Sieur du Lhut visited the area in 1679. He named the area "Izatys", but his poor handwriting led people to mistake the "Iz" as a "K". Further errors led to the name being transliterated to "Kathio". The Kathio Historic District site was designated a National Historic Landmark in 1964. See also List of National Historic Landmarks in Minnesota National Register of Historic Places listings in Mille Lacs County, Minnesota Rum River State Forest References External links Mille Lacs Kathio State Park website, at Minnesota Department of Natural Resources 1957 establishments in Minnesota Archaeological sites on the National Register of Historic Places in Minnesota IUCN Category V National Historic Landmarks in Minnesota Native American history of Minnesota Protected areas established in 1957 Protected areas of Mille Lacs County, Minnesota State parks of Minnesota Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Minnesota National Register of Historic Places in Mille Lacs County, Minnesota	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mille%20Lacs%20Kathio%20State%20Park
Veolia Water Technologies & Solutions (formerly SUEZ Water Technologies & Solutions) is a water technology company. It is part of Veolia Group and has operations in 130 countries in a variety of industries, including food and beverage, metals and mining, power, pharmaceutical, oil and gas, chemicals, petrochemicals, pulp and paper, and utilities. History William H. Betz and L. Drew Betz founded Betz as a water purification business in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, in 1925. It later became Betz Laboratories and then Betz International. BetzDearborn & Hercules, Inc. In 1996, Betz acquired the Grace Dearborn water-treatment and process chemicals business from W. R. Grace and Company At that time Dearborn had 2,500 employees and sales of $400 million per year, while Betz claimed 4,100 employees and $800 million in revenue. In 1998, the combined BetzDearborn Inc. was acquired by Hercules Inc. for $2.4 billion in cash and $700 million in assumed debt. GE Betz In 2002, General Electric acquired BetzDearborn from Hercules Inc. and became known as GE Betz and was part of GE Infrastructure. At that time, the company had approximately $1 billion in revenue and a sales force of 2,000. In the years that followed its purchase of BetzDearborn, GE also acquired Osmonics, Inc., Ionics, and membrane producer Zenon Environmental Systems, and by 2006 had combined them into GE Water & Process Technologies In 2008, GE restructured its subsidiaries and GE Water & Process Technologies became part of GE Energy Infrastructure. In 2012, GE Energy was reorganized and the original Betz operations and the rest of GE Water & Process Technologies are now part of GE Power & Water Suez In 2017, Suez closed on the purchase of GE Water and Process Technologies Notes General Electric Infrastructure subsidiaries Companies based in Bucks County, Pennsylvania Water companies of the United States American companies established in 1925 1925 establishments in Pennsylvania	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Veolia%20Water%20Technologies%20%26%20Solutions
Lander McCoy Bacon (August 30, 1942 – December 22, 2008) was an American professional football player who was a defensive lineman in the National Football League (NFL) for the Dallas Cowboys, Los Angeles Rams, San Diego Chargers, Cincinnati Bengals, and Washington Redskins. He also was a member of the Washington Federals in the United States Football League (USFL). He was selected to three Pro Bowls during his 14-year career. While sacks were not an official statistic during his career, researchers credit Bacon with a career total of 130. He played college football for the Jackson State Tigers. Early years Bacon attended Ironton High School, where he competed in football and basketball. He accepted a football scholarship from Jackson State University. He played at linebacker and defensive end. He left school after his junior season before graduating. In 1986, he was inducted into the American Football Association's Semi Pro Football Hall of Fame. In 2013, he was inducted into the Kentucky Pro Football Hall of Fame. In 2021, he was inducted into the Black College Football Hall of Fame. Professional career In 1964, he tried out with the Houston Oilers of the American Football League, but was not signed as it was discovered that he had not graduated from Jackson State. In 1965, he signed with the semi-professional football team Charleston Rockets of the Continental Football League. In 1966, he received All-Star honors. On February 20, 1967, he signed as an undrafted free agent with the Dallas Cowboys. He spent the season on the taxi squad. On July 31, 1968, he was traded to the Los Angeles Rams in exchange for a fifth round draft choice (#125-Chuck Kyle). He appeared in 7 games as a backup after spending the first half of the season on the taxi squad. In 1969, he was promoted to the starting lineup after defensive tackle Roger Brown suffered an injury, teaming with the Fearsome Foursome line of Deacon Jones, Merlin Olsen, Roger Brown and Lamar Lundy. In 1970, following Lundy's retirement, he was named the starter at right defensive end. In 1971, he had 11 sacks and was named second-team All-Pro. In 1972, he repeated as second-team All-Pro. Bacon was voted by the Rams Alumni Organization as the Rams defensive lineman of the year in 1971 and 1972. On January 25, 1973, Bacon was sent to the San Diego Chargers along with running back Bob Thomas for quarterback John Hadl. He had an 80-yard interception return for a touchdown that year. On January 25, 1976, he was traded from the Chargers to the Bengals for wide receiver Charlie Joiner. Bacon then had an NFL-high sacks prior to the league officially recognizing individual sacks. He made the Pro Bowl and was a second-team All-Pro selection. On June 26 1978, he was traded along with defensive back Lemar Parrish to the Washington Redskins in exchange for a first-round draft pick (#12-Charles Alexander). In 1979, he set a team record with 13.5 sacks. In 1980, he tallied 11 sacks. He finished his career in the USFL with the Washington Federals in 1983, starting 16 of 18 games, while posting 62 tackles, 6 1/2 sacks and one fumble recovery, on a 3–15 club. On September 6, 1983, he was left unprotected and was selected in the 17th round of the expansion draft by the Jacksonville Bulls of the United States Football League. Personal life Bacon eventually moved to Ironton, Ohio. He was wounded in a drug-related shooting in Washington, D.C., on August 16, 1986, and later became a born-again Christian and traveled as a motivational speaker. Coy also spent several years working with troubled youth at the Ohio River Valley Juvenile Correctional Facility. He died in Ironton, Ohio, on December 22, 2008, at age 66. At his memorial service, Bacon was remembered as a religious man who had helped many people. References 1942 births 2008 deaths People from Cadiz, Kentucky African-American players of American football American football defensive linemen Jackson State Tigers football players Los Angeles Rams players San Diego Chargers players Cincinnati Bengals players Washington Redskins players National Conference Pro Bowl players American Conference Pro Bowl players People from Ironton, Ohio Washington Federals/Orlando Renegades players Continental Football League players 20th-century African-American sportspeople 21st-century African-American people	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coy%20Bacon
China Federation for Defending the Diaoyu Islands () is a non-governmental organization which maintains that the Senkaku (Diaoyu) Islands are a part of Chinese territory in the Senkaku Islands dispute. The territorial rights to the islands are disputed between the People's Republic of China, the Republic of China, and Japan, which currently has control over the islands. In the early morning of March 24, 2004, seven activists from the group landed on the islands, planning to stay for several days. That afternoon, they were detained by the Japanese coast guard. The incident gave the territorial dispute renewed media attention and worsened Sino-Japanese relations. See also 2012 China anti-Japanese demonstrations Action Committee for Defending the Diaoyu Islands Anti-Japanese sentiment in China References External links Private Group Plans to Lease, Develop Diaoyu Islands in China Internet Information Center. New Sino-Japanese strain over disputed islands in Asia Times. China–Japan relations Political organizations based in China	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/China%20Federation%20for%20Defending%20the%20Diaoyu%20Islands
Edward Paul Krynski (September 12, 1927 – November 15, 2004) was a pinball game designer and innovator who worked for D. Gottlieb & Co between 1965 and 1984. During this time Krynski designed more than 200 games and innovated new pinball standards such as the laneways to the flipper, carousel targets, vari-targets, multiple drop targets, and the first solid state pinball machine with the speaker in the backbox instead of the bottom cabinet. Krynski is a member of the Pinball Hall of Fame. The first pinball machine designed by Krynski was Hi Straight, released in December 1959, and the last was El Dorado City of Gold, in October 1984. The Internet Pinball Machine Database identifies 225 machines designed by Krynski, including "300", 2001, 4 Square, The Amazing Spider-Man, El Dorado City of Gold, Genie, Spirit of 76, Central Park, Royal Flush, Big Shot, and Sing Along. Stan Lee, the co-creator of Spider-Man and public face of Marvel Comics, claimed ownership of one of Krynski's first The Amazing Spider-Man pinball machines off the assembly line in 1980 and kept it in his Marvel office until he auctioned it as part of his "Stan Lee collection". Lee said that "Over the years, I have spent countless frustrating yet perversely enjoyable hours attempting to play on it, as have numerous colleagues, friends and business associates (some quite famous, though a combination of modesty, shame and my legendary bad memory prevents me from divulging their names here) during their unrelenting pilgrimages to my office. In fact, I think many of these scions of arts and industry came over JUST to beat me up at pinball. I hope its new owner will be a better player than I am." Krynski served in the U.S. Navy during World War II. References Sources The Pinball Compendium by Michael Shalhoub 1927 births 2004 deaths American people of Polish descent Pinball game designers Gottlieb	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ed%20Krynski
Ken Peplowski (born May 23, 1959) is an American jazz clarinetist and tenor saxophonist. He was born in Cleveland, Ohio, United States, and known primarily for playing swing music. For over a decade, Peplowski recorded for Concord Records. In 2007, Peplowski was named jazz advisor of Oregon Festival of American Music and music director of Jazz Party at The Shedd, both in Eugene, Oregon. Awards and honors Best Jazz Record of the Year, Preis der deutschen Schallplattenkritik, The Natural Touch (1992) The Satchmo Award presented by the Jazz Club of Sarasota in March, 2014 Discography As leader/co-leader Double Exposure (Concord Jazz, 1988) – recorded in 1987 Sonny Side (Concord Jazz, 1989) The Ken Peplowski Quintet, Mr. Gentle and Mr. Cool (Concord Jazz, 1990) Illuminations (Concord Jazz, 1991) Natural Touch (Concord Jazz, 1992) Steppin' with Peps (Concord Jazz, 1993) Ken Peplowski and Howard Alden with Howard Alden (Concord Jazz, 1993) – recorded in 1992 Live at Ambassador Auditorium (Concord Jazz, 1994) Encore with Howard Alden (Concord Jazz, 1995) It's a Lonesome Old Town (Concord Jazz, 1995) The Other Portrait (Concord Concerto, 1996) Grenadilla (Concord Jazz, 1998) Last Swing of the Century (Concord Jazz, 1999) The Feeling of Jazz with Tommy Newsom (Arbors, 1999) Just Friends with George Masso (Nagel-Heyer, 2002) Easy to Remember (Nagel-Heyer, 2004) Memories of You (Venus, 2006) – recorded in 2005 When You Wish Upon a Star (Venus, 2007) – recorded in 2006 Happy Together: Live at Birdland Volume One with Jesper Thilo (Nagel-Heyer, 2008) Pow-Wow with Howard Alden (Arbors, 2008) Ken Peplowski Gypsy Jazz Band, Gypsy Lamento (Venus, 2008) – recorded in 2007 Every Time We Say Goodbye (Venus, 2008) – recorded in 2007 Stardust with the New York Trio (Venus, 2009) – recorded in 2008 E Pluribus Duo with Dick Hyman (Victoria, 2009) Noir Blue (Capri, 2010) Like a Lover with Nicki Parrott (Venus, 2011) – recorded in 2017 In Search Of (Capri, 2011) Live at the Kitano with Dick Hyman (Victoria, 2013) Maybe September (Capri, 2013) The Clarinet Maestros with Julian Marc Stringle, Craig Milverton (Merfangle, 2015) At the Watermill with Alan Barnes (Woodville, 2015) Enrapture (Capri, 2016) Duologue with Adrian Cunningham (Arbors, 2018) – recorded in 2010 Amizade with Diego Figueiredo (Arbors, 2019) Ken Peplowski Quartet, Petite Fluer (Venus, 2019) – recorded in 2018 As sideman With Charlie Byrd The Bossa Nova Years (Concord, 1991) Aquarelle (Concord Concerto, 1994) Moments Like This (Concord, 1994) Homage to Jobim (Concord Picante, 2005) With Eddie Higgins It's Magic (Venus, 2006) It's Magic Vol.2 (Venus, 2007) A Handful of Stars (Venus, 2009) With Dick Hyman Swing Is Here (Reference, 1996) E Pluribus Duo (Victoria, 2009) Live at the Kitano (Victoria, 2013) With Susannah McCorkle No More Blues (Concord Jazz, 1989) From Bessie to Brazil (Concord Jazz, 1993) From Broadway to Bebop (Concord Jazz, 1994) Easy to Love: The Songs of Cole Porter (Concord Jazz, 1996) With Nicki Parrott Like a Lover (Venus, 2011) The Look of Love (Venus, 2014) Yesterday Once More: The Carpenters Song Book (Venus, 2016) With Leon Redbone Red to Blue (August 1985) Sugar (Private Music, 1990) Up a Lazy River (Private Music, 1992) Whistling in the Wind (Private Music, 1994) Any Time (Blue Thumb, 2001) With Randy Sandke Stampede (Jazzology, 1992) I Hear Music (Concord Jazz, 1993) The Bix Beiderbecke Era (Nagel-Heyer, 1993) The Re-discovered Louis and Bix (Nagel-Heyer, 2000) Inside Out (Nagel-Heyer, 2002) Randy Sandke Meets Bix Beiderbecke (Nagel-Heyer, 2002) The Music of Bob Haggart (Arbors, 2002) With Loren Schoenberg Time Waits for No One (Musicmasters, 1987) Solid Ground (Musicmasters, 1988) Just A-Settin' and A-Rockin' (Musicmasters, 1990) With Mel Torme Mel Tormé and the Marty Paich Dektette – Reunion (Concord, 1988) Mel Tormé and the Marty Paich Dektette – In Concert Tokyo (Concord, 1988) Sing Sing Sing (Concord, 1992) A Tribute to Bing Crosby (Concord, 1994) With others Howard Alden, The Howard Alden Trio Plus Special Guests Ken Peplowski & Warren Vache (Concord Jazz, 1989) Steve Allen, Steve Allen Plays Jazz Tonight (Concord Jazz, 1993) Lucie Arnaz, Just in Time (Concord Jazz, 1993) Eden Atwood, Cat on a Hot Tin Roof (Concord Jazz, 1994) Dan Barrett, Strictly Instrumental (Concord Jazz, 1987) Cheryl Bentyne, the Gershwin Songbook (ArtistShare, 2010) Ruby Braff, Cornet Chop Suey (Concord Jazz, 1994) Jim Cullum Jr., Fireworks! Red Hot & Blues (Riverwalk, Live from the Landing, 1996) Kenny Davern, The Jazz KENNection (Arbors, 2001) Peter Ecklund, Peter Ecklund and the Melody Makers (Stomp Off, 1988) Lars Erstrand, Beautiful Friendship (Sittel, 1992) Marianne Faithfull, Easy Come Easy Go (Naive, 2008) Marty Grosz, Acoustic Heat (Sackville, 2006) Scott Hamilton, Groovin' High (Concord Jazz, 1992) Hank Jones, Lazy Afternoon (Concord Jazz, 1989) Rebecca Kilgore, Rebecca Kilgore with the Keith Ingham Sextet (Jump, 2001) Erich Kunzel, Route 66: That Nelson Riddle Sound (Telarc, 2000) Barbara Lea, At the Atlanta Jazz Party (Jazzology, 1993) Peggy Lee, Love Held Lightly (Angel, 1993) Jay Leonhart, Sensitive to the Touch: The Music of Harold Arlen (Groove Jams, 1998) George Masso, Trombone Artistry (Nagel-Heyer, 1995) Michael Moore, The History of Jazz, Volume 1 (Arbors, 2000) Michael Moore, The History of Jazz, Volume 2 (Arbors, 2000) Tommy Newsom, The Feeling of Jazz (Arbors, 1999) John Pizzarelli, Let There Be Love (Telarc, 2000) John Pizzarelli, Italian Intermezzo (Menus and Music, 2000) Spike Robinson, George Masso, Play Arlen (Hep, 1992) Marilyn Scott, Every Time We Say Goodbye (Venus, 2008) George Shearing, George Shearing in Dixieland (Concord Jazz, 1989) Andy Stein, Goin' Places (Stomp Off, 1987) Various, Sweet and Lowdown (soundtrack) (Sony Classical 1999) Frank Vignola, Let It Happen (Concord Jazz, 1994) Terry Waldo, Footlight Varieties (Stomp Off, 1990) Carol Welsman, I Like Men (Welcar, 2009) Carol Welsman, Memories of You (Fab, 2009) Paula West, Come What May (Hi Horse 2001) Publications Frank Barrett and Ken Peplowski (Sep. - Oct., 1998) "Minimal Structures within a Song: An Analysis of 'All of Me, Organization Science Vol. 9, No. 5 References External links Official site 1959 births Living people Jazz musicians from Ohio Musicians from Cleveland 20th-century American male musicians 21st-century American male musicians 20th-century clarinetists 20th-century saxophonists 21st-century clarinetists 21st-century American saxophonists American jazz clarinetists Concord Records artists Dixieland clarinetists Dixieland revivalist clarinetists Dixieland revivalist saxophonists Dixieland saxophonists Jazz clarinetists Mainstream jazz clarinetists Mainstream jazz saxophonists Statesmen of Jazz members Swing clarinetists Swing saxophonists Arbors Records artists Nagel-Heyer Records artists	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ken%20Peplowski
Mass start is a format of starting in some racing sports such as long-distance running in sport of athletics, speed skating, long-distance cross-country skiing and biathlon. There are usually many competitors in such an event, and in order for all the competitors to have the same environmental conditions, which, among other things, include temperature, wind speed, rain or shine, etc., they need to start at the same time and same place and proceed along the same course. But the large number of competitors makes it impossible to fit all of them at the same starting line. So the athletes stand in a pack before they begin: some are behind others, sometimes by dozens of meters or more, depending on the number of competitors. The tradition is that all the athletes start at the same time, the gun time, and use the same starting line and same finishing line as those in the front of the pack. This means that those in the back of the pack have to run an extra distance. One's position in the pack at starting is determined either based on their previous records, or chosen by the participant based on their own expectation and etiquette. Usually, the best athletes take the front positions. Modern electronic technology has made it possible to get the time lapsed for each individual athlete from their crossing the starting line to their crossing the finishing line, the chip time. This is also called transponder timing. However, this has the disadvantage that the race finish is not simultaneous, so the race results do not match the finish line order. Other ways to avoid disadvantage towards those in the back of the pack are individual starts (where athletes start one at a time) and interval starts (where athletes are released in small batches). Chip time is normally not used to determine top positions. The first to reach the finish shall be the winner. External links New York Times: "You Clocked What? For Marathon Runners It's Gun vs. Chip." Endurance games Sport of athletics terminology Skiing competitions	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mass%20start
Dawa Dachhiri Sherpa () (born November 3, 1969) is a Nepali cross-country skier and runner who has competed since 2003. Competing in three Winter Olympics, he earned his best finish of 86th in the 15 km event at Sochi in 2014. Skiing At the FIS Nordic World Ski Championships 2009 in Liberec, Sherpa finished 127th in the individual sprint event while being lapped in the 30 km mixed pursuit event. His best career finish was eighth in a 15 km event in Bulgaria in 2009. Ultrarunning He previously held the record for the Ultra-Trail du Mont-Blanc, an ultramarathon held in the Alps, having completed the first edition of this race in 20h05m in 2003. Olympic Winter Games World Championships References External links 1969 births Living people People from Solukhumbu District Sherpa people Nepalese male cross-country skiers Cross-country skiers at the 2006 Winter Olympics Cross-country skiers at the 2010 Winter Olympics Cross-country skiers at the 2014 Winter Olympics Olympic cross-country skiers for Nepal Cross-country skiers at the 2003 Asian Winter Games Cross-country skiers at the 2007 Asian Winter Games Male ultramarathon runners Trail runners	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dachhiri%20Sherpa
Aldinga may also refer to: Aldinga, South Australia, a locality Aldinga Bay, a bay Aldinga Football Club, an Australian rules football club Aldinga Airfield, an airfield See also Aldinga Beach, South Australia Aldinga Scrub Conservation Park Aldinga Reef Aquatic Reserve	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aldinga
Epanterias is a dubious genus of theropod dinosaur from the Kimmeridgian-Tithonian age Upper Jurassic upper Morrison Formation of Garden Park, Colorado. It was described by Edward Drinker Cope in 1878. The type species is Epanterias amplexus. This genus is based on what is now AMNH 5767, parts of three vertebrae, a coracoid, and a metatarsal. Although Cope thought it was a sauropod, it was later shown to be a theropod. Gregory S. Paul reassessed the material as pertaining to a large species of Allosaurus in 1988 (which he classified as Allosaurus amplexus). Other authors have gone further and considered E. amplexus as simply a large individual of Allosaurus fragilis. In 2010, Gregory S. Paul and Kenneth Carpenter noted that the E. amplexus specimen comes from higher in the Morrison Formation than the type specimen of Allosaurus fragilis, and is therefore "probably a different taxon". They also considered its holotype specimen not diagnostic and classified it as a nomen dubium. Etymology The generic epithet translates to "buttressed" in Greek, in reference to the vertebrae. The word amplexus refers to the copulatory position of Amphibians in which males clasp their mates. Therefore, the specific epithet means "clasping buttressed vertebrae" in Latin. References External links Article about Epanterias and its taxonomic validity - web Dinosauria (in Czech) Allosaurids Late Jurassic dinosaurs of North America Paleontology in Colorado Nomina dubia Fossil taxa described in 1878 Taxa named by Edward Drinker Cope	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Epanterias
Cash is legally recognized money in such forms as banknotes and coins. Cash also may refer to: Currency Cash (currency), various Asian units Cash (Chinese coin), also called "方孔錢" (fāng kǒng qián) Chinese cash (currency), also called "文" (wén) Vietnamese cash (văn), a historical Vietnamese currency unit and a specific copper coin Places in the United States Cash, Arkansas, a city Cash, Georgia, an unincorporated community Cash, Kentucky, an unincorporated area Cash, Michigan Cash, South Carolina, an unincorporated community and census-designated place Cash, Texas, an unincorporated community People Cash (surname), a list of people Cash Asmussen (born 1962), American thoroughbred horse racing jockey Cashman Cash Peters (born 1956), British writer Amir "Cash" Esmailian, Iranian-Canadian music industry executive Chri$ Ca$h (1982–2005), stage name of American wrestler Christopher Bauman Arts and entertainment Films Cash (1933 film), a British film by Zoltan Korda Cash (2007 film), Bollywood film set in Cape Town, South Africa Cash (2008 film) (stylized as Ca$h), French film directed by Eric Besnard Cash (2010 film) (stylized as Ca$h), American thriller directed by Stephen Milburn Anderson Cash (2021 film) Indian comedy drama the protagonist of Cash McCall, a 1960 American film Gabriel Cash, a protagonist of Tango & Cash, a 1989 American film Music C.A.S.H. (album), a 2010 album by Cassidy "Cash", a song by Patti Smith from her 2004 album Trampin' "Cash", a song by Brockhampton from Saturation "Cash", a song by Lil Baby from Harder Than Ever Other arts and entertainment Cash: The Autobiography, an autobiography of Johnny Cash "Cash" (The Young Ones), an episode of the British sitcom CASH Combat Support Hospital, a type of US-military field-hospital Composers and Authors Society of Hong Kong Cortical androgen-stimulating hormone Other uses Cash (mass) (厘 lí), a traditional Chinese unit of mass or weight Cash's, an English manufacturer of ribbons and other woven products MetaBank (Nasdaq: CASH), an American bank headquartered in South Dakota See also Cash Cash, an American band Cache (disambiguation) ja:キャッシュ	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cash%20%28disambiguation%29
The 2006 NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament involved 65 teams playing in a single-elimination tournament to determine the national champion of men's NCAA Division I college basketball as a culmination of the 2005–06 basketball season. It began on March 14, 2006, and concluded with the championship game on April 3 at the RCA Dome in Indianapolis, Indiana. The Final Four featured no top seeds for the first time since the tournament expanded to 64 teams in 1985 (the first time since 1980), with the highest remaining seed being Oakland region winner, #2 UCLA, making their first Final Four appearance since their 1995 national championship. For only the second time in history, an 11-seed advanced to the Final Four as George Mason of the Colonial Athletic Association (CAA) won the Washington, D.C. region. Those two teams were joined by Atlanta region winner LSU (who was the first team to advance to the Final Four as an 11-seed in 1986), and Minneapolis region winner Florida, who had not made the Final Four since their runner-up finish in 2000 also in Indianapolis. Florida won its first-ever national basketball championship by defeating UCLA 73–57 in the final game. Florida's Joakim Noah was named the Most Outstanding Player of the NCAA tournament. George Mason's run was one of several upsets by lower-seeded teams in the tournament. For the second consecutive year, a No. 14 seed beat a No. 3 seed as Northwestern State defeated Iowa. No. 13 seed Bradley also defeated No. 4 seed Kansas and advanced to the Sweet Sixteen by defeating No. 5-seeded Pittsburgh in the second round. Two No. 12 seeds won as well, as Montana and Texas A&M both won their respective First round matchups. For the second straight year, Milwaukee won as a double-digit seed, this time as the No. 11-seeded Panthers defeated Oklahoma in the first round. American East Conference champion Albany and ASUN champion Belmont made their first appearance in the tournament. Tournament procedure A total of 65 teams were selected to participate in the tournament. Of that total, 31 of the teams earned automatic bids by winning their conference tournaments. Penn earned an automatic bid by winning the regular-season title of the Ivy League, which did not conduct a conference tournament. The remaining 34 teams were granted "at-large" bids, which are extended by the NCAA Selection Committee. The initial game on March 14 officially named the opening round game, but popularly called the "play-in game", had Monmouth, winner of the Northeast Conference tournament, facing Hampton, who won the Mid-Eastern Athletic Conference tournament, for a chance to play top seed Villanova in the first round of the Tournament. Monmouth defeated Hampton, 71–49, to advance to play Villanova. All teams were seeded from 1 to 16 within their regions. The Selection Committee seeded the entire field from 1 to 65. In a practice used since 2004, the ranking of the four top seeds against each other would determine the pairings in the Final Four. The top overall seed would be seeded to play the fourth overall seed in the national semifinals, should both teams advance that far. In 2006, these rankings were as follows: No. 1 Duke, No. 2 Connecticut, No. 3 Villanova, and No. 4 Memphis. Schedule and venues The following are the sites that were selected to host each round of the 2006 tournament: Opening Round March 14 University of Dayton Arena, Dayton, Ohio (Host: University of Dayton) First and Second Rounds March 16 and 18 Cox Arena, San Diego, California (Host: San Diego State University) Greensboro Coliseum, Greensboro, North Carolina (Host: Atlantic Coast Conference) Jacksonville Veterans Memorial Arena, Jacksonville, Florida (Host: Jacksonville University) Jon M. Huntsman Center, Salt Lake City, Utah (Host: University of Utah) March 17 and 19 American Airlines Center, Dallas, Texas (Host: Big 12 Conference) The Palace of Auburn Hills, Auburn Hills, Michigan (Hosts: Oakland University, Mid-Continent Conference) University of Dayton Arena, Dayton, Ohio (Host: University of Dayton) Wachovia Center, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania (Host: Atlantic 10 Conference) Regional semifinals and finals (Sweet Sixteen and Elite Eight) March 23 and 25 Atlanta Regional, Georgia Dome, Atlanta, Georgia (Host: Georgia Tech) Oakland Regional, Oakland Arena, Oakland, California (Hosts: University of San Francisco, West Coast Conference) March 24 and 26 Minneapolis Regional, Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome, Minneapolis, Minnesota (Host: University of Minnesota) Washington, D.C. Regional, Verizon Center, Washington, D.C. (Host: Georgetown University) National semifinals and championship (Final Four and championship) April 1 and 3 RCA Dome, Indianapolis, Indiana (Hosts: Butler University, Horizon League) Qualifying teams Automatic bids The following teams were automatic qualifiers for the 2006 NCAA field by virtue of winning their conference's tournament (except for the Ivy League, whose regular-season champion received the automatic bid). Listed by region and seeding Bids by conference Bracket () – Number of asterisks denotes number of overtimes. Opening Round game – Dayton, Ohio Winner advances to Minneapolis Regional vs. No. 1 Villanova. Atlanta Regional Oakland Regional Minneapolis Regional Washington, D.C. Regional Final Four – Indianapolis, Indiana Record by conference Monmouth University won the Opening Round game. The America East, Atlantic Sun, Big South, Big West, Ivy, MAAC, MAC, MEAC, Ohio Valley, SoCon, SWAC, Mid-Continent, and Sun Belt conferences all went 0–1. The columns R32, S16, E8, F4, and CG respectively stand for the Round of 32, Sweet Sixteen, Elite Eight, Final Four, and championship Game. Announcers Jim Nantz and Billy Packer – First & Second Round at Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Minneapolis Regional at the Hubert H. Humphrey Metrodome; Final Four at Indianapolis, Indiana Dick Enberg and Jay Bilas – First & Second Round at San Diego, California; Atlanta Regional at the Georgia Dome Verne Lundquist and Bill Raftery – First & Second Round at Auburn Hills, Michigan; Washington, D.C. Regional at the Verizon Center Gus Johnson and Len Elmore – First & Second Round at Dayton, Ohio; Oakland Regional at the Oakland Arena Kevin Harlan and Dan Bonner – First & Second Round at Greensboro, North Carolina Ian Eagle and Jim Spanarkel – First & Second Round at Salt Lake City, Utah Craig Bolerjack and Bob Wenzel – First & Second Round at Dallas, Texas Tim Brando, Stephen Bardo, and Mike Gminski – First & Second Round at Jacksonville, Florida Greg Gumbel once again served as the studio host, joined by analysts Clark Kellogg and Seth Davis. See also 2006 NCAA Division II men's basketball tournament 2006 NCAA Division III men's basketball tournament 2006 NCAA Division I women's basketball tournament 2006 NCAA Division II women's basketball tournament 2006 NCAA Division III women's basketball tournament 2006 National Invitation Tournament 2006 Women's National Invitation Tournament 2006 NAIA Division I men's basketball tournament 2006 NAIA Division II men's basketball tournament 2006 NAIA Division I women's basketball tournament 2006 NAIA Division II women's basketball tournament Notes The futures of two of this year's Final Four teams would be polar opposites of the other two in 2007. Both George Mason and LSU would fail to receive a bid to either the NCAA tournament or the NIT, while both Florida and UCLA would return to the Final Four (the two teams would have a rematch, this time in the semifinals, with the same result, a Florida victory). George Mason became the first team from a "mid-major" conference to reach the Final Four since UNLV's loss to Duke in 1991. This was the second of three Final Fours to feature no No. 1 seeds (1980 and 2011 being the others). Duke was the last team before Florida to win back-to-back titles, and like Florida, they won their first of the two in Indianapolis at the RCA Dome. References NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament Ncaa NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament NCAA Division I men's basketball tournament NCAA NCAA	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2006%20NCAA%20Division%20I%20men%27s%20basketball%20tournament
Stacey Dwayne Bailey (born February 10, 1960) is a former American football wide receiver. He played college football at San Jose State. He was drafted in the third round (63rd overall) of the 1982 NFL Draft by the Atlanta Falcons. Early years Bailey attended Terra Linda High School in San Rafael, California and was a letterman in football. He then attended San Jose State University. As a freshman in 1978, he appeared in 12 games. He recorded 23 receptions for 354 yards. As a sophomore in 1979, he appeared in 11 games. He recorded 44 receptions for 674 yards and three touchdowns. In 1980, as a junior, he appeared in 11 games. He recorded 30 receptions for 686 yards and four touchdowns. For the season, he was named All-Conference. As a senior in 1981, he appeared in 12 games. He recorded 27 receptions for 517 yards and six touchdowns. He was also named an All-American as well as All-Conference. Career statistics Professional career Bailey was selected in the third round (63rd overall) of the 1982 NFL Draft by the Atlanta Falcons. As a rookie, he appeared in five games. He recorded two receptions for 24 yards and one touchdown. In 1983, he appeared in 14 games (12 starts). He recorded 55 receptions for 881 yards and six touchdowns. The following season, 1984 was statistically his best, as well as only full 16 game season. He started all 16 games, and recorded 67 receptions for 1,138 yards and six touchdowns. In 1985, he appeared in 15 games (13 starts). He recorded 30 receptions for 364 yards. In 1986, he appeared in six games (one start). He recorded three receptions for 39 yards. In 1987, he appeared in seven games (six starts). He recorded 20 receptions for 325 yards and three touchdowns. In 1988, he started all 10 games he appeared in. He recorded 17 receptions for 437 yards and, the final two touchdowns of his career. In 1989, he appeared in 15 games. He recorded eight receptions for 170 yards. In 1990, he appeared in just three games (one start). He recorded four receptions for 44 yards before his season was ended by an injury, in October 1990. He was released in September 1990 during final cuts. Career statistics Personal life , Bailey is an instructor at Football University. His son, Sean, was a wide receiver for the University of Georgia. References External links Football University bio 1960 births Living people Sportspeople from San Rafael, California Players of American football from Marin County, California American football wide receivers San Jose State Spartans football players Atlanta Falcons players	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stacey%20Bailey
The West Twin River may refer to any of the following rivers in the United States: West Twin River (Washington) West Twin River (Wisconsin)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/West%20Twin%20River
The Volusia Bar Light was a river lighthouse marking the inlet of the St. Johns River into the south end of Lake George, Florida. History The light was removed in 1916, but a foghorn remained active until 1943. The building was burned by vandals in 1974. The foundation pilings still show above the water. The keeper, A. J. Anderson, was murdered in 1938. Mariners noticed that the light was unattended. His body was found floating face-down in the river after he had been missing for more than a week. An autopsy established that his neck had been broken. The lighthouse had been ransacked, and Anderson had apparently struggled with his attacker. The murder has never been solved. References - retrieved February 27, 2006 Lighthouses completed in 1886 Houses completed in 1886 Lighthouses in Florida 1886 establishments in Florida	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Volusia%20Bar%20Light
East Twin River may refer to: East Twin River (Washington), US East Twin River (Wisconsin), US See also East River (disambiguation)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/East%20Twin%20River
The flag of the city of Santa Barbara was created in 1920, and was adopted as the official city flag in 1923. The tower is in red on white, the colors of Saint Barbara. The red and gold (the rosette and ribbon of the king of Spain) recall the city's Spanish origins. The tower in the left-hand corner is the tower in which Saint Barbara (patron saint and namesake) was trapped during her execution. The flag is used in governmental chambers and on promotional materials, and prominently displayed outdoors in the city's downtown and on some city government buildings. The flag bears some resemblance to the flags of Ossetia. References External links Waymark Santa Barbara, California Santa Barbara 1923 establishments in California Santa Barbara	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flag%20of%20Santa%20Barbara%2C%20California
William Etra (March 27, 1947 – August 26, 2016) was a live video pioneer and the co-inventor (with Steve Rutt) of the Rutt/Etra Video Synthesizer. Etra was born in Manhattan and raised in Lawrence, Nassau County, New York. Etra worked briefly as a professional cameraman, then studied film at New York University. He began teaching experimental television at NYU before he graduated. In 1971, Etra and video artists Steina and Woody Vasulka started a performance space at The Kitchen. Using the Rutt-Etra synthesizer, Etra made Narcissikon with his wife Louise.“This was my first Rutt-Etra piece. The initial picture is Louise sitting against a black background. She’s got an output monitor she can watch, and I put it in a circle wipe, feed it into the Rutt-Etra synthesizer, get a white line wipe, put Louise’s face into that, take it out of the Rutt-Etra, and outline it in the synthesizer, and Louise is on the intercom, and she’s talking to me and I’m talking to her, and we actually ran through it twice." Another early piece was Heartbeat, in which Louise Etra sits in a chair in a studio, while a circle bounces on screen, blipping in time to her amplified heartbeat. Bill comes in and kisses her; the sound grows; the circle bounces larger. Then he goes back to the control room, she relaxes, and the circle returns to normal. At WNET, Etra created a video based on an Edgar Allan Poe story, Silence, with David Silver narrating. “That scared me so much I stayed away from narrative for years and years,” Etra commented. Etra attempted a symphonic work at the Strasenburgh Planetarium in Rochester, New York, when Central Maine Power Music Company played space music, to the accompaniment of the star maps of the planetarium, plus Etra’s video pictures of the musicians projected onto the stars. He worked for Warner-Atari, Sun Microsystems, and Lucasfilm, and produced digital video for New York clubs and theater. References Books Price, Jonathan, 'Video Visions: a Medium Discovers Itself', New American Library, New York City, 1977, ASIN: B00ECDT4V2 External links https://archive.org/details/BillEtraSteveRuttInterview 1947 births 2016 deaths American video artists Hofstra University alumni New York University alumni People from Lawrence, Nassau County, New York	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bill%20Etra
The sailmaker's whipping is one of the most durable and stable of rope whippings known. According to The Ashley Book of Knots, "palm-and-needle whipping, or sailmaker's whipping, is the most satisfactory of all." Technique Palm and needle whipping Using a needle, the twine (generally a waxed cord) is pushed through a strand of the rope at least two times to secure the end, then wrapped multiple times around the rope, to a width generally of the rope. Then the needle is pushed diagonally through each strand, then run once up the furrow between strands. This can be doubled by going around more than once, then finished with a final diagonal after which the excess twine is cut. Ashley also includes a technique to be used if the rope strands are too thick for one thrust of a needle to go through diagonally. The needle work makes it less able to slide. Sailmaker's whipping What Ashley describes as a superficially similar technique, visually, to #3446 is included in The Ashley Book of Knots as #3448. It has the advantage that it doesn't need a needle, strictly speaking. Multiple sources give this separate technique the term sailmaker's whipping. The twine is first threaded diagonally through the rope strands, leaving an excess loop in the middle of the twine. The twine is wrapped around the rope and then the loop is fit over one of the strand ends, the rope having been opened, such that the loop fits into the groove between strands. The remainder of the twine is pushed through the open part of the rope and fit into the last groove, or in the case of a 4 strand rope, two loops can be used. Finally a reef (square) or a string of reef (square) knots is tied between the two twine ends. Then this string of reef (square) knots is pulled or worked through the rope to bury the ends under the wraps. Alternatives The West Country whipping is a quick practical method using twine, having several advantages: it can be tied without a needle; it is simple to understand and remember; if the whipping fails, the loose ends can usually be re-tied to temporarily prevent the rope's end from fraying. See also List of knots References External links de:Genähter Takling	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sailmaker%27s%20whipping
Lacing or cutting, in drug culture, refer to the act of using a substance (referred to as the lacing agent or cutting agent) to adulterate substances independent of the reason. The resulting substance is laced or cut. Some street drugs are commonly laced with other chemicals for various reasons, but it is most commonly done to bulk up the original product or to sell other, cheaper drugs in the place of something more expensive. Individuals sometimes lace their own drugs with another substance to combine or alter the physiological or psychoactive effects. Overview The classical model of drug cutting refers to the way that illicit drugs were diluted at each stage of the chain of distribution. Drug markets have changed considerably since the 1980s; greater competition, and a shift from highly structured (and thus controlled) to greatly fragmented markets, has generated competition among dealers in terms of purity. Many drugs that reach the street are now only cut at the manufacture/producer stage, and this may be more a matter of lacing the drug with another substance designed to appeal to the consumer, as opposed to simple diluents that increase the profit for the seller. The extent of cutting can vary significantly over time but for the last 15 years drugs such as heroin and cocaine have often sat at the 50% purity level. Heroin purity sitting at 50% does not mean 50% cutting agents; other adulterants could include other opiate by-products of making heroin from opium. Coomber, after having street heroin seizures from the UK re-analysed, reported that nearly 50% of the samples had no cutting agents present at all. This means that 50% of street heroin in the UK in 1995 had worked its way from producer to user without being cut at any stage, although other adulterants may have been present. Other research outlined how drug dealers have other ways of making profit without having to resort to cutting the drugs they sell. Cocaine has been cut with various substances ranging from flour and powdered milk to ground drywall, mannitol, baking soda, and other common, easily obtainable substances. Most hard drugs are adulterated to some degree. Some street drugs can be as low as 10–15% of the active drug, with the other (85–90%) not necessarily being the cutting agent. In fact a heroin sample of only 20% purity may have no cutting agents in it at all. The other 80% may be impurities produced in the manufacturing process and substances created as by products of this process and/or degradation of the drug if improperly stored. When choosing a cutting agent, the drug manufacturer or dealer would ideally attempt to find a chemical that is inexpensive, easy to obtain, relatively non-toxic, and mimics the physical attributes of the drug to be adulterated. For example, if a drug is soluble in water, the preferred adulterant would also be water-soluble. Similar melting and boiling points are also important if the drug is to be smoked. Types of lacing agents Non-psychoactive lacing agents Visually mimics Some fake drugs consist of substances from relatively harmless sources, such as grocery store goods like flour, oregano or allergy pills. Even despite the substances' harmlessness, legal penalties for the crime of selling them can include time in jail. Flavor masker Sometimes a flavor masker are added to give a more pleasant experience. Psychoactive mimics Lacing/cutting agents may be psychoactive. Certain fake drugs include other controlled drugs, or they may include synthetic drugs with similar properties. Uncertainty of an identity of the substance may increase the risk of an overdose. A related, yet distinct, problem is the trade of counterfeit medications with pills including substances such as fentanyl which can be used recreationally. Reasons for lacing Illegal drug trade Drugs may be sold to end users who are unaware they have been laced or are unaware what was used to lace them. At various points in the supply chain, in order to maximize profitability, many drugs are adulterated with cutting agents. Substances with similar physical and/or chemical properties can be used so the end product most closely resembles what it is purported to be. Inert substances with similar physical properties can be used to increase weight without changing the look and feel. Less expensive or easier to obtain compounds with similar chemical properties may be used to lace heavily adulterated drugs while still maintaining some psychoactive potency. Mickey Finn In slang, a Mickey Finn—or simply a Mickey—is a drink laced with a psychoactive drug or incapacitating agent (especially chloral hydrate) given to someone without their knowledge, with intent to incapacitate them. Poly drug use Drugs may also be laced with the end user being made aware of the lacing. In this case, rather than as an adulteration, the lacing is intended to make the product more desirable. Sometimes less potent, often less expensive drugs, are laced with a small amount of a more potent, often more expensive drug. This may be used to facilitate the ingestion of drugs or to allow the simultaneous ingestion of multiple drugs. Cigarettes laced with PCP allow users to take in the liquid PCP through smoking and some multi drug users report intentionally buying marijuana laced with methamphetamine. Commonly laced substances Dietary supplements CBD Cannabidiol (CBD) is often cut with synthetic cannabinoids. Street drugs Depressants Heroin Heroin is commonly cut with quinine, caffeine, dimethocaine, lidocaine procaine, lactose, inositol, dextrose, mannitol, and starch. Other opioids are sometimes sold as heroin or cut with heroin. Fentanyl sold as or laced into heroin has made the news in the past due to the numerous fatalities it causes when it appears on the market. Recently, Fentanyl and close analogues have been produced in pure powder form for very cheap. Dealers may cut with or sell heroin with Fentanyl due to the street cost of Fentanyl versus the cost of heroin. The potency of such mixtures (especially if made carelessly) can be far above that of pure heroin, and users frequently overdose due to this. Gray death is a street drug in the United States. Samples have been found to contain the designer drug U-47700, heroin and opioids including fentanyl and carfentanil. Stimulants Stimulants are drugs that speed or give a mental boost to the consumer. Cocaine Black cocaine, and cocaine paste, are impure forms of cocaine. The most common cocaine adulterants found in 1998 in samples in Rome, Italy were lidocaine and caffeine. Cocaine is sometimes mixed with methylamphetamine, methylphenidate, and ephedrine, but is usually mixed with non psychoactive chemicals such as mannitol, inositol, pectin, glucose, lactose, saccharin, white rice flour, and maltodextrin. Other of agranulocytosis, including 2 deaths, according to an alert from the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA). The emergence of fentanyl-laced cocaine has led to an increase in cocaine overdose fatalities in New York City. Methamphetamine MSM is sometimes used as a cutting agent for illicitly manufactured methamphetamine. Psychedelics Cannabis Cannabis products that are laced are usually laced with synthetic cannabinoids: Counterfeit cannabis-liquid (c-liquid) for e-cigarettes: Synthetic cannabinoids are increasingly offered in e-cigarette form as "c-liquid". Counterfeit cannabis buds: Hemp buds (or low-potency cannabis buds) laced with synthetic cannabinoids. Counterfeit cannabis edible: The Florida Poison Information Center in Jacksonville warned parents in September 2020 that the number of people poisoned by fake marijuana edibles and candies has tripled. Counterfeit hash oil: Several school kids in Greater Manchester collapsed after vaping synthetic cannabinoids mis-sold as THC vape. Counterfeit hashish: In 2020 counterfeit hashish were found to contain 4F-MDMB-BINACA and 5F-MDMB-PINACA (5F-ADB). Less common psychoactive substances used to adulterate cannabis: Erectile dysfunction drugs: In the Netherlands two chemical analogs of Sildenafil (Viagra) were found in adulterated marijuana. Methamphetamine: psychiatrist Dr Bill MacEwan believes that drug dealers in British Columbia are intentionally lacing cannabis with methamphetamine to make it more addictive. He had some psychiatric patients that claimed they only smoked pot but their drug tests were positive for methamphetamine use. PCP: Rarely, cannabis (especially that of low quality) is laced with PCP, particularly in the United States. However, it is not always done surreptitiously. Dealers who do so often (but not always) advertise their wares as being "enhanced" with other substances, and charge more money than they would otherwise, even if they do not say exactly what the lacing agents are. Such concoctions are often called "fry", "wet", "illy", "sherm", "water-water", "dust(ed)", "super weed", "grecodine" or other names. Weight cutting agents: Binding substances: Sometimes cannabis is adulterated with other binding substances including industrial glues such as neoprene, tar, ammonia, bitumen, petroleum-derived hydrocarbons, dog food or even human or animal excrement. to make it cheaper, thus being of poorer quality. Sand, sugar, brix fertilizers, hair spray, fertilizers, pesticides and fungicides. Microscopic glass beads: Cannabis buds was found to be contaminated with glass beads in 2007, known as gris weed. Lead: In 2008, 30 German teenagers were hospitalized after the marijuana which they smoked was found to have been contaminated with lead (presumably metallic lead particles), which was added in order to increase its weight. Shoe polish: Hash has been cut with shoe polish. Vitamin E acetate: Although harmless when used orally, high levels of the substance cause vaping-associated pulmonary injury when inhaled. Ecstasy Black market ecstasy pills are frequently found to contain other drugs in place of or in addition to methylenedioxymethylamphetamine (MDMA). Since the slang term "ecstasy" usually refers only to MDMA, any pill which contains other compounds may be considered adulterated. 3,4-Methylenedioxyamphetamine (MDA), methylenedioxyethamphetamine (MDEA), amphetamine, methylamphetamine, benzylpiperazine (BZP), trifluoromethylphenylpiperazine (TFMPP), caffeine, ephedrine, pseudoephedrine, and dextromethorphan (DXM) are all commonly found in pills being sold as ecstasy. Less common drugs in ecstasy include diphenhydramine, acetaminophen, 5-MeO-DiPT, 2C-B, procaine, and phencyclidine (PCP). Ecstasy pills sometimes contain dimethylamylamine to increase its stimulant effects. Ecstasy pills might also contain a low dose of 2C-I to potentiate its euphoric effects. Pharmaceutical pills are sometimes sold as ecstasy, as well as pills that contain no psychoactive chemicals at all. Ecstasy sometimes contains 10 mg to 20 mg of baclofen to reduce overheating caused by ecstasy. para-Methoxyamphetamine (PMA or "Dr. Death", a drug that causes so much overheating that it can kill within 40 minutes) is sometimes sold as ecstasy. There is one published case of an ecstasy tablet being adulterated with 8 mg of strychnine, a toxic alkaloid which was used in very low doses (less than 1 mg) as a stimulant and performance-enhancing drug in the past. Recently, several groups advocating for drug safety through education have made reagent testing products available to confirm what substances there are. LSD LSD is virtually never laced with other chemicals, but other lysergamides such as ALD-52 are sometimes sold as LSD-25. DOB, DOI, and other closely related drugs are sometimes sold as LSD. Several other highly potent hallucinogens such as Bromo-DragonFLY or 25I-NBOMe can be found in the form of blotters. LSD is also tasteless in normal dosages, so detection is only possible after ingestion or reagent testing. For these reasons, it is not uncommon to find blotters sold as LSD completely devoid of psychoactive substances. Prescription medication As the sources of prescription medication on the street are not verifiable through legitimate channels, misrepresentation of prescription medications is a common practice. Case reports in commercial products Alcohol In June 2022, the Dutch Food and Consumer Product Safety Authority warned that the 3-liter champagne bottle from Moët & Chandon Ice Impérial contained MDMA, killing a person in Germany. Testing Reagent testing Reagent testing kits are available online and also sold at some head shops. These kits claim to be able to identify common adulterants in ecstasy. Professional lab tests There are services available for testing the contents of an ecstasy pill that can tell the user what chemicals are contained in the pill and at what ratio. The results are then posted on their website along with every other pill that they have tested. The tests are considered to be highly accurate. Their services were at one time free, but when they ran out of funding they had to charge a fee for every pill tested. See also Darknet market Date rape drug Drug checking Isopropylbenzylamine Pill testing Surrogate alcohol References Further reading Coomber, R. (1997) Vim in the Veins – Fantasy or Fact: The Adulteration of Illicit Drugs, Addiction Research, Vol 5, No. 3. pp. 195-212 Coomber, R. (1997) ‘Adulteration of Drugs: The Discovery of a Myth', Contemporary Drug Problems, Vol 24, No. 2. pp. 239-271 Drug culture Adulteration	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lacing%20%28drugs%29
PressPass was a 60-minute show which airs six times a week, Sunday to Friday, and features robust soccer discussion between presenters Andrew Orsatti, Adrian Healey, Dan Thomas and analysts including Robbie Mustoe, Gabriele Marcotti, Tommy Smyth, Janusz Michallik, Shaka Hislop, Robbie Earle, Steve Nicol, Stewart Robson, Craig Burley, Sid Lowe, Julien Laurens, Raphael Honigstein, Martin Ainstein, Steve McManaman, Frank Leboeuf and Martin Keown. Broadcasts The show aired in Australia, New Zealand, the Caribbean, United Kingdom, Ireland, Africa, Israel, the Middle East and the United States. Format Andrew Orsatti, Adrian Healey and Dan Thomas alternated as the main hosts. A personality-driven show, it often featured outlandish comments involving Smyth, an Irishman fond of using the term "Auld Onion Bag" when referring to goals scored. The hosts' job was to stimulate debate on a variety of global topics. During the European club season, ESPN FC Press Pass paid particular attention to the Premier League, La Liga, Serie A and the Bundesliga. Orsatti, Healey, Mustoe, Smyth, Thomas, Hislop and Michallik often commentated on soccer matches shown on ESPN. Former presenters of the program include Derek Rae, Dave Roberts and Alison Bender. Guest analysts Former Liverpool and Scotland player Steve Nicol became a regular contributor after leaving his post as Head Coach of MLS club New England Revolution. 1998 World Cup Winner Frank Leboeuf who collected multiple trophies in his time at Chelsea, including two FA Cups and a UEFA Cup Winners' Cup, appeared on an infrequent basis from ESPN's studios in Los Angeles. References ESPN.com Association football television series	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PressPass
Paul Morwood (born 2 March 1959) is a former Australian rules footballer in the Victorian Football League. South Melbourne/Sydney He started his career with South Melbourne (like his younger brothers Tony Morwood and Shane Morwood). St Kilda He crossed to St Kilda, debuting in the same match as fellow former Swan Silvio Foschini who had been granted a court ruling in a restraint of trade against South Melbourne. Peter Kiel made way for Morwood. Tony Lockett also made his debut in the same match. Morwood also won the Saints' best and fairest in 1985. Later career After three years with St. Kilda, he moved back to the Swans in 1986 (now based in Sydney) for one year before finishing his career at Collingwood in 1987. He decided to retire at the end of that season due to his outside business interest, which was running a hotel. External links Goals kicked by the Morwoods af AFL.com.au Morwood's debut for St Kilda Trevor Barker Award winners St Kilda Football Club players Collingwood Football Club players Sydney Swans players Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state) Living people 1959 births	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Paul%20Morwood
Fanam was the currency used historically in major parts of South India, especially during the British Raj. Fanam is the anglicized form of the native word , meaning "coin" or "wealth" (punch marked coins). It may specifically refer to: Madras fanam, a currency issued in Madras Presidency, now part of Tamil Nadu, India Travancore fanam, a currency issued in Travancore State, now part of Kerala, India See also Panam (disambiguation) Fana (disambiguation) Pana (disambiguation)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fanam
Snaps are a brand of classic chewy candy, manufactured by American Licorice Company. They have hollow centers and are colored white, orange, green, and pink. External links Snaps @ American Licorice Company American Licorice Company brands Liquorice (confectionery) American confectionery	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Snaps%20%28candy%29
Kim Bokamper (born September 25, 1954) is an American former professional football player who spent his entire nine-year career as a linebacker and defensive end in the National Football League (NFL) with the Miami Dolphins from 1977 to 1985. Bokamper was selected in the first round of the 1976 NFL Draft by the Dolphins after playing college football for the San Jose State Spartans. He was a member of the Dolphins' Killer B's defense of the early 1980s and was a one-time Pro Bowler in 1979. Bokamper started at right defensive end for the Dolphins in Super Bowl XVII and Super Bowl XIX. Against the Washington Redskins in Super Bowl XVII, he was involved in a play in which he deflected a pass attempt from Redskins quarterback Joe Theismann, and nearly intercepted the deflected pass in the end zone, for a touchdown. Theismann was able to knock the ball away from Bokamper, preventing the interception. After retirement Bokamper became a broadcaster at WFOR-TV in Miami. Bokamper can be heard on South Florida's Paul and Young Ron Show on WBGG-Miami anytime NFL news breaks. Bokamper was also part of the morning team on WQAM-AM along with Kenny Walker. In 2008, he hosted the weeknight Dolphins Tonight show on WQAM and opened a sports bar and restaurant in Plantation, Florida, called "Bokamper's Sports Bar & Grill". He has also opened Florida "Bokamper's Sports Bar & Grill" locations in Miramar, Estero, Naples and Fort Lauderdale. Bokamper serves as the host of The Audible, a 30-minute program streamed live and via podcast from MiamiDolphins.com. On the program, Bokamper speaks with Dolphins personalities and gives viewers or listeners an inside look at the Dolphins team. Bokamper's wife Colleen died in March 2014. References External links https://www.pro-football-reference.com/players/BokaKi00.htm 1954 births Living people American football linebackers Concordia Cobbers football players San Jose State Spartans football players Miami Dolphins players National Football League announcers American Conference Pro Bowl players Television anchors from Miami People from Milpitas, California Players of American football from Santa Clara County, California American football defensive ends Players of American football from San Diego	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kim%20Bokamper
James Albert London Baker (born December 9, 1956), nicknamed "Bubba", is an American former professional football player who was a defensive end in the National Football League (NFL) from 1978 to 1990. He played college football for the Colorado State Rams. He was named to three Pro Bowls and was the NFL Defensive Rookie of the Year. Professional career Baker, a graduate of Weequahic High School in Newark, New Jersey and Colorado State University, was selected in the second round of the 1978 NFL Draft by the Detroit Lions. Listed as 6-6 and 250 pounds, he combined speed and strength. He made his mark early as he recorded 23 sacks (an unofficial stat at that time) his rookie year, with five sacks in a single game against the Tampa Bay Buccaneers. He played for the Lions for five seasons, starting 66 of 67 games. In his last season with the Lions, 1982, when sacks became an official statistic, he totaled 8.5 in only nine games. He also had two career interceptions with the Lions. During his career with the Lions he unofficially totaled 75.5 sacks including a record 23 sacks in 1978, 16 in 1979, 18 in 1980 and 10 in 1981, which are the franchise's top three all-time, single-season sack efforts. It also ranks as one of the highest for the first five years of a player in football history. He was one of the anchors of the "Silver Rush", Detroit's defensive line from 1978 to 1982, which consisted of Baker, Doug English, William Gay, and Dave Pureifory; the group set the franchise record for sacks. In 2021, Baker was listed as the NFL's unofficial all-time single-season sack leader due to Pro Football Reference adding sack statistics from 1960 to 1981, the year before the stat became official. Baker recorded 23 sacks as a rookie in 1978 with the Detroit Lions, topping the official record of 22.5 sacks by Michael Strahan and T. J. Watt. He ranks among the NFL's career sack leaders, with 65.5 official and 131 unofficial sacks to make him one of 62 players in the "100 Sack Club". A contract dispute had Baker sent to the St. Louis Cardinals in 1983. He had 13 sacks that season along with two interceptions. He had ten sacks the following year, had four in 1985 and then closed out 1986 with 10.5 sacks. In 1987, he was a reserve defense lineman for the Cleveland Browns, then served in the same position in 1988 for the Minnesota Vikings. He returned to the Browns as a starter for all 16 games of the 1989 season as well as for all nine games he played for the Browns in 1990, his final NFL season at age 34. Post-NFL career Baker said in the NFL that he hoped to "play long enough to make a fortune in football. Then my son can be a doctor. He won't have to play this dumb game". Baker now lives with his family, including his wife of 34 years, Sabrina, in Avon, Ohio, a suburb of Cleveland, and he owned a restaurant called Bubba's Q World-famous Bar-B-Que & Catering in Avon, though the restaurant is no longer open. He appeared on the ABC-TV show Shark Tank on December 6, 2013, in which investor and entrepreneur Daymond John agreed to invest $300,000 for a 30 percent share in Queen Ann Inc., the food company he and his children, Brittani and James, started. Part of the agreement was the licensing of Baker's patent for de-boning pork ribs. Bubba's-Q Boneless Baby Back Ribs have been sold at stores, online, and on QVC, and were featured on Good Morning America. In 2023, he spoke out about his perceived unfair treatment in the Shark Tank deal, for which he said he received only $659,653 in total, versus over $16 million in revenue, which had been promoted as one of the show's biggest successes. In a response, Daymond John stated that the Bakers' take, approximately 4% of revenue, came from the very thin profit margins of the food industry, and claimed that he had suffered a net loss on their arrangement. He later filed suit against the Bakers for their social media campaign, claiming that it had damaged his reputation and cost him speaking engagements. A federal judge found that the Bakers had violated a 2019 settlement and in June granted John a preliminary injunction and restraining order against the Bakers, preventing them from publishing disparaging remarks about their business relationship, and requiring that they take down previously posted content. The injunction and restraining order were reviewed and became permanent in July. Awards and honors Three-time Pro Bowl selection 1978 NFL Defensive Rookie of the Year Cleveland Sports Hall of Fame (class of 2007) Six-time Cleveland Magazine Silver Spoon Award winner – Best Restaurant (for Bubba's Q) References External links Al Baker-Legendary Lions Bubba's Q World Famous Bar-B-Q and Catering Al "Bubba" Baker: The Unofficial Season Sack Leader 1956 births Living people American football defensive ends Detroit Lions players St. Louis Cardinals (football) players Cleveland Browns players Minnesota Vikings players National Conference Pro Bowl players National Football League Defensive Rookie of the Year Award winners Colorado State Rams football players Colorado State Rams men's basketball players Basketball players from Jacksonville, Florida Players of American football from Jacksonville, Florida Players of American football from Newark, New Jersey Weequahic High School alumni American men's basketball players	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Al%20Baker
The Vodacom Championship was an annual golf tournament on the Sunshine Tour. It was inaugurated in 2001 as part of the rebranding of the old Southern Africa Tour, and being the last event on the schedule, it was titled as The Tour Championship, but was renamed when the tour switched to a calendar based season in 2007. The event took place in February each year, and was last held at the Pretoria Country Club in Pretoria, Gauteng Province, South Africa, with a prize fund in 2010 of 2.65 million rand. Winners External links Sunshine Tour - official site Former Sunshine Tour events Golf tournaments in South Africa	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Vodacom%20Championship
The fat-tailed sheep is a general type of domestic sheep known for their distinctive large tails and hindquarters. Fat-tailed sheep breeds comprise approximately 25% of the world's sheep population, and are commonly found in northern parts of Africa, the Middle East, and various Central Asian countries all the way to China. The tail fat from those sheep is an important ingredient in many regional cuisines. Varieties and distribution Two general varieties of fat-tails exist, the broad fat-tails and the long fat-tails. The long-tailed varieties have the smallest geographical distribution, being found mostly in Arabia (a variety called the Nejd, black with a white head, named for the Nejd region, and raised also in Iraq, Central Asia, and Syria) and in the Caucasus (the Colchian, for the Colchis territory, and the Circassian). Broad varieties include the Hajaz (Arabia, small and white, named for the Hejaz region), the Arabi (black or piebald, in Arabia and Iraq), the Awassi (the dominant variety in Iraq, Lebanon, Syria, Palestine, Jordan), and the ak or White Karaman (in Turkey). Eastward, toward Iran (among the Bakhtiari people) and China, there are dozens of varieties, including the Karakul. Fat-tailed sheep likely moved into Africa through the Horn of Africa, then into Egypt and North Africa, at least by 2000 BC, when they are depicted in Egyptian art. They were the third type of sheep to be brought into Africa. The majority of fat-tailed sheep breeds have broad fat-tails, where the fat is accumulated in baggy deposits in the hind parts of a sheep on both sides of its tail and on the first 3–5 vertebrae of the tail. Earlier historians including Herodotus report that their tails sometimes were so long that shepherds built miniature carts for them, and that tails sometimes grew so large that it dragged on the ground and hindered copulation. Fat-tailed sheep are well adapted to life in arid landscapes, the fat providing a food reserve for "combatting harsh desert conditions". The earliest record of fat-tailed sheep is found in ancient Uruk (3000 BC) and Ur (2400 BC) on stone vessels and mosaics. In Sumer, fat-tailed sheep were kept in temples, for wool. Another early reference is found in the Bible (Exodus 29:22 and Leviticus 3:9), where a sacrificial offering is described which includes the tail fat (called Alya, Hebrew: אַלְיָה) of sheep. Mesopotamian records provide a wealth of information about fat-tailed sheep (udu gukkal or udu-gug-gal); they produced the highest-quality wool and were kept in large numbers. The city state of Lagash, around 2000 BCE, had over 66,000 such sheep. Afghanistan A report published in 1915 by Henry D. Baker, American consul in Bombay, indicates how important the fat-tailed sheep was for Afghanistan. The animal's wool, he says, was one of the country's most important export products; in 1912-1913 the country exported (through Balochistan) for over $1.5 million in wool. Frequently fat-tailed sheep were interbred with Indian sheep to produce high-quality wool. In addition, because the fat was used in the way of butter or ghee, Afghans were able to produce a surplus of ghee for export to India. The animal's meat was the Afghan population's main meat source, according to Baker. Uzbekistan Uzbek cuisine is high in fat, and tail fat, called qurdiuq or dumba (often from the Karakul breed), is an important supplier of that fat, which is "revere[d] as a semi-sacred object of gastronomical desire", and used in a variety of national dishes, such as laghman and palov. Food scholar Russell Zanca notes that dumba has become scarce in the post-Soviet era. Under Soviet rule Uzbekistan became a huge grower of cotton, and consequently cottonseed oil took over as the major fat used in cooking; still, dumba continues to play an important role in the Uzbek imagination and folklore. Tail fat The tail fat is an essential part of many cuisines, including Persian cuisine. It is called لية (leeyeh, leyyah, or layeh) in Arabic, zaaka in Algeria, kuyruk yağı in Turkish, and دنبه (donbe or dombe) in Iran. It emits a strong smell when cooked, though the flavor is described as rich and full. Chunks of it, boiled or roasted, were frequently offered to guests. Wool from fat-tailed sheep Records from Mesopotamia show the cultural importance of wool and sheep shearing--or, really, plucking ("rooing"); at this time, sheep had not yet developed the gene that allowed for a continuous growth of wool, and sheep moulted their wool naturally, like dogs and still unrefined breeds of sheep. The plucking was likely performed with flint scrapers from stone. Wool was the most commonly used material for textile manufacture, and the month in which sheep were plucked was named for the plucking shed. Wool quality was ranked in five categories, and wool from fat-tailed sheep (udu gukkal) was ranked the highest, in the first and second categories. Daniel Potts estimates each sheep might have provided 0.7 kg or more of wool. In comparison, 20th-c sheep in Iraq and Turkey yielded up to 1.59 kg per animal. Breeds Adal sheep Afghan Arabi Afrikaner Alai sheep Altay sheep Arabi sheep Armenian Semicoarsewool Awassi Balkhi Blackhead Persian Chios Damara Edilbay Karakul Laticauda Meatmaster Mongolian breeds: Khalkh, Baidrag etc. Pedi Red Maasai Saryja Somali Tunis Tunisian Barbarin Waziri Van Rooy sheep Zulu, or Nguni References External links Sheep breeds	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fat-tailed%20sheep
Gambir Station (, station code: GMR) is a major railway station in Gambir, Gambir, Central Jakarta, Jakarta, Indonesia. The station is located on the eastern side of Merdeka Square and on the western side of the Pramuka Movement headquarters and Immanuel Church. It is operated by the KAI. During the Dutch East Indies era, the station's name was Weltevreden Station, which later changed its name to Batavia Koningsplein Station after repairs were made in the 1930s. In the 1950s, its name was changed again to its current name, and major repairs were carried out to become an elevated station from 1988 to 1992. Currently Gambir Station serves as a terminus for most intercity trains operating across Java Island. One of Jakarta's main commuter lines, the KRL Commuterline Bogor Line (to Bogor) pass through this station, but do not stop here since 2012. There are however, plans to reactivate the station as a stop for commuter, due to high volume of passenger that board and exiting from Gambir's neighboring-commuter only stations ( and station). Originally, only executive and business class trains use Gambir Station, while all economy class trains and some executive and business class trains use Pasar Senen railway station instead. Since ca. 2016, the norm has changed when KAI introduced new types of economy class coaches in higher class trains e.g. Argo Parahyangan, in line with plans to gradually abolish business class trains. History Ground-level station (1884-1992) Gambir Station is located on Batavia–Weltevreden section, the first section of Batavia–Buitenzorg railway line which was inaugurated by the Nederlandsch-Indische Spoorweg Maatschappij (NIS). At its opening, the line stretched from near the old Sunda Kelapa port and south to what is now Gambir area. At first, Gambir station was thought to be a small railway stop (halte Koningsplein) which was inaugurated on September 16, 1871, simultaneously with the opening of the line's first section. The small and simple stop was situated on the southeast border of the Koningsplein. It was the southernmost stop of Batavia until 1873, when the line was extended to Meester Cornelis and Buitenzorg. The stop was later replaced by the larger and permanent Weltevreden Station, opened on 4 October 1884 in the current location of Gambir Station. Until 1906, the station was used to depart passengers for Bandung and Surabaya. Its building had a roof supported on cast iron bearings in match with the Staatsspoorwegen (SS) design, according to a statement in 1881. It was designed in neoclassical style which was popular in the 19th century. Until then the NIS had not placed roofs of this type, while the SS had placed them in several places. In 1928 Weltevreden Station was renovated in Art Deco style. In 1937 the station was changed to Batavia Koningsplein Station and after Indonesian independence it was changed again to Jakarta Gambir Station. The station did not change its form after Indonesian independence until 1971 because it was significantly extended at the same year. Elevated station and future developments (1992-present) In February 1988, at the same time as the construction of the Jakarta Kota–Manggarai elevated railway, the old Art Deco station building from the Dutch East Indies era was demolished and replaced with a new building which still exists today. On 5 June 1992, President Soeharto along with first lady Siti Hartinah and government officials inaugurated the new Gambir Station by boarding the EMU train from Gambir Station to Jakarta Kota Station. There were 4 tracks at Gambir Station when it became an elevated line, and the station building is completely modern with a joglo architectural style and a lime green ceramic facade. The facade color has not changed, only the platform poles have been recolored into moss green. The project has spent Rp432.5 billion and was not fully completed when it was inaugurated, so that it was able to fully operate a year later. After the construction was finished, the railway track below began to be removed and the area which was originally the old station yard had turned into a car park starting in 1994. Based on the master plan made by the Indonesian Ministry of Transportation, Gambir Station is planned to be a KRL Commuterline-only station. The master plan resurfaced when Manggarai Station was planned to be used as the terminus for non-KRL Commuterline passenger trains, to reduce the density of passenger train queues on the elevated railway which sometimes disrupt KRL Commuterline trips. As a result of this plan, the Ministry of Transportation decided to separate the KRL Commuterline and other rail lines after Manggarai Station construction was completed. By its completion as the central station, all long/medium-distance passenger trains that terminates at Gambir Station will be moved to Manggarai Station in 2025. Starting in February 2022, the SSI-type old electric signaling system produced by Siemens along with the Jakarta Kota–Manggarai elevated track has been replaced with the newest one produced by Len Industri. Building layout and facilities Gambir Station has four railway tracks, with tracks 2 and 3 being straight tracks. After Eid al-Fitr 2012, the station was no longer used as a KRL Commuterline stop, and its passengers were diverted to either or stations. The Gambir Station current building consists of three floors. The main hall, counters, restaurants, shops and ATM machines are on the first floor. The second floor is the waiting area with several fast food restaurants and cafeterias, while the platforms and rail tracks are on the third floor. Announcements are made in Indonesian and English. When Ignasius Jonan served as the president director of KAI, it was planned to build a restaurant using original train units in the parking area. The planned tracks has been installed, and it is planned to use the 1978 class of the former Rheostatic EMU unit from Purwakarta Station as the restaurant. The unit was separated from other unused commuter trains and stored in Purwakarta locomotive depot, because it was planned to be brought to Gambir Station. However, the plan was never realized, only the tracks were installed. The Rheostatic EMU unit chosen for the restaurant plan was also never brought, and ended up being scrapped like other unused Rheostatic EMU units. The former rail track was still visible as of 2018, until it was finally demolished. Gambir Station is now equipped with a Rail Transit Suite, a special transit hotel for train passengers. Services The following is a list of train services at the Gambir Station Intercity Argo Bromo Anggrek to to to to to and Tegal Argo Parahyangan to to to Purwojaya to to to to to (launched June 1, 2023, with implementation of GAPEKA 2023) KRL Commuterline The Bogor Line passes through but skips the station since 2013, due to the station's busy intercity schedule. Commuter train passengers must use either or station and then other modes of transport to reach Gambir station. However, the station will be converted to a Commuterline-only station as intercity trains are planned to terminate at Manggarai station by 2025. Supporting transportation DAMRI bus DAMRI buses from Gambir Station to Soekarno–Hatta International Airport run everyday from 01:00 until 21:00. The ticket price is Rp . City transport Many local modes of transport service Gambir Station, including: buses, minibuses, taxis, bajaj and TransJakarta. All transportation line noted is no more than 500 meter from the station. TransJakarta There are two main TransJakarta bus stations near Gambir Station, which are Gambir 1 and Gambir 2. Aside from that, there are a number of feeder stops near the station. Gambir 1 serve routes: Corridor 2 towards Monas Corridor 7F towards Juanda Gambir 2 serve routes: Corridor 2 towards Pulogadung Corridor 2A towards Pulogadung Feeder routes near the station: Corridor 1P (Senen - Bundaran Senayan) both direction Corridor 1R (Senen - Tanah Abang) towards Tanah Abang Corridor 2P (Gondangdia - Senen) towards Senen Corridor 2Q (Gondangdia - Balaikota) Corridor 5M (Kampung Melayu - Tanah Abang via Cikini) towards Tanah Abang Corridor 6H (Senen - Lebak Bulus) both direction Regular Bus AJA.P P106 (Senen - Cimone) DSU P157 (Senen - Poris Plawad) Mayasari Bakti P14 (Tanah Abang - Tanjung Priok) MetroMini P15 (Senen - Setiabudi) Kopaja P20 (Senen - Lebak Bulus) Kopaja T502 (Tanah Abang - Kampung Melayu) Gallery See also Rail transport in Indonesia References Works cited External links PT KAI - the Indonesian rail company Central Jakarta Railway stations in Jakarta Railway stations opened in 1884 Stations of Daop I Jakarta	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gambir%20railway%20station
The Maine Senate is the upper house of the Maine Legislature, the state legislature of the U.S. state of Maine. The Senate currently consists of 35 members representing an equal number of districts across the state, though the Maine Constitution allows for "an odd number of Senators, not less than 31 nor more than 35". Unlike the lower House, the Senate does not set aside nonvoting seats for Native tribes. Because it is a part-time position, members of the Maine Senate usually have outside employment as well. The Senate meets at the Maine State House in Augusta. Members are limited to four consecutive terms with each term being two years but may run again after a two-year wait. Leadership Unlike many U.S. states, the Senate's leader is not the lieutenant governor, as Maine does not have a lieutenant governor. Instead, the Senate chooses its own president, who is also the first in the line of gubernatorial succession. Composition of the 131st (2022-2024) Maine Senate Officers Members of the Maine Senate Districts are currently numbered starting with 1 from north to south. While this is often reversed in the decennial redistricting, it was not reversed in the redistricting which occurred in 2021 and which went into effect beginning with the 2022 primary and general elections. The previous district lines, which were drawn in 2013 and were first used in the 2014 primary and general elections, were only in effect for 8 years rather than the usual 10 as Maine adjusted its legislative redistricting cycle to conform with most other states. ↑ denotes that the Senator first won in a special election Past composition of the Senate Notes References External links The Maine Senate official government website Maine Legislature State upper houses in the United States	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Maine%20Senate
Alberta Provincial Highway No. 20, commonly referred to as Highway 20, is a highway in central Alberta, Canada, west of Highway 2. Route description Highway 20 begins Highway 11 and travels north for along the east side of the town of Sylvan Lake to a roundabout with Highway 11A. It continues for to Highway 12 in Bentley, passing the southeastern shore of Sylvan Lake at Jarvis Bay as well as the Jarvis Bay Provincial Park. It intersects Highway 771 north of Bentley, which provides access to the west side of Gull Lake and Parkland Beach, and travels for in a northwesterly direction to Rimbey; Highway 20 bypasses Rimbey while Highway 20A is a business route through the town and connects with Highway 53 west. Highway 20 proceeds another before reconnecting with Highway 20A, and travels another to Highway 53 east, where it heads east towards Ponoka. Highway 20 continues north for to Bluffton where Highway 607 branches off to the west, another north to Hoadley where Highway 611 branches off to the east, and another north to Winfield where it crosses Highway 13. From Winfield, the highway continues north for to Breton where it crosses Highway 616 before it travels another north Alsike where it ends at Highway 39. History Highway 20 was originally a short, long highway that ran from Highway 11 in Sylvan Lake to the Highway 12 / Highway 51 intersection in Bentley. From this intersection, Highway 12 continued north to Rimbey, Breton, and Alsike. In the mid-1980s, when Highway 11 was realigned to bypass Sylvan Lake, Highway 20 was extended to the south to connect with the new alignment. In January 1988, the section of Highway 12 between Bentley and Alsike was redesignated as Highway 20, while Highway 51 was decommissioned and redesignated as the new western section of Highway 12. Major intersections From south to north: Highway 20A Alberta Provincial Highway No. 20A is the designation of a alternate route off Highway 20 serving the Town of Rimbey. It starts within Rimbey at Highway 53 and ends to the north at Highway 20. Major intersections References 020	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Alberta%20Highway%2020
Super Ropes are a brand of candy manufactured by American Licorice Company. It comes in Rollin' Red, cherry, and strawberry flavors. External links Super Ropes at the American Licorice Company American Licorice Company brands	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Super%20Ropes
Elections to the Baseball Hall of Fame for 1999 followed the system in use since 1995. The Baseball Writers' Association of America (BBWAA) voted by mail to select from recent major league players and elected three: George Brett, Nolan Ryan, and Robin Yount. The Veterans Committee met in closed sessions and selected four people from multiple classified ballots: Orlando Cepeda, Nestor Chylak, Frank Selee, and Smokey Joe Williams. Brett, Ryan, and Yount were all newly eligible, as they each played their last game in 1993. It was the first time the writers elected more than two first-ballot candidates, other than the five players selected for the inaugural class of . Induction ceremonies in Cooperstown, New York, were held on July 25, 1999, with George Grande as master of ceremonies and Commissioner of Baseball Bud Selig in attendance. BBWAA election The BBWAA was authorized to elect players active in 1979 or later but not after 1993 (final game, 1979 to 1993). There were 28 candidates, 17 returning from the 1998 ballot, where they received at least 5% support, and 11 on the ballot for the first time (†), chosen by a screening committee from players who last appeared in 1993. The field of newly-eligible candidates, who played their last games during 1993, included 19 All-Stars (10 on the ballot) with a total of 63 All-Star selections. They included 13-time All-Star George Brett, 11-time All-Star Carlton Fisk, 8-time All-Star Nolan Ryan, and 7-time All-Star Dale Murphy. There were four Most Valuable Players in the field (Brett, Murphy, Robin Yount, and George Bell, of whom Murphy and Yount won two MVPs) and two Rookies of the Year (Fisk and Alfredo Griffin). All 10-year members of the BBWAA were eligible to participate by voting for as many as 10 candidates; any candidate receiving votes on at least 75% of the ballots returned would be honored with induction to the Hall. The results were announced on January 5, 1999. A total of 497 ballots were cast, so 373 votes were required for election. A total of 3,348 individual votes were cast, an average of 6.74 per ballot. Three players were elected: Ryan, Brett, and Yount. Sixteen players who last appeared from 1980 to 1993 were forwarded to next year. Candidates who received less than 5% support, or 25 votes, would not appear on future BBWAA ballots (*). They were also eliminated, at the time, from future consideration by the Veterans Committee. Mickey Lolich and Minnie Miñoso were on the ballot for the 15th and final time, although Miñoso's term as a candidate was not consecutive. Newly-eligible players who did not reach the ballot included Juan Agosto, Wally Backman, Steve Balboni, Randy Bush, Iván Calderón, Henry Cotto, Glenn Davis, Ken Dayley, Frank DiPino, Bill Doran, Dan Gladden, Alfredo Griffin, Kelly Gruber, Neal Heaton, Steve Lake, Terry Leach, Bob McClure, Gene Nelson, Pete O'Brien, Geno Petralli, Ted Power, John Russell, Bryn Smith, Tim Teufel, Dickie Thon, José Uribe, Bob Walk, Chico Walker, Curtis Wilkerson, Glenn Wilson, Curt Young, and Matt Young. Veterans Committee The Veterans Committee met in closed sessions to elect as many as two executives, managers, umpires, and older major league players—the categories considered in all its meetings since 1953. The older players eligible were those with 10 major league seasons beginning 1945 or earlier; those who received at least 100 votes from the BBWAA in an election up to 1990; and those who received at least 60% support in an election beginning 1991. Players on Major League Baseball's ineligible list were also ineligible for election. By an arrangement since 1995, the committee separately considered candidates from the Negro leagues and from the 19th century with authority to select one from each of those two special ballots. It elected four people, the maximum number permitted: first baseman Orlando Cepeda from the 1960s, umpire Nestor Chylak, pitcher Smokey Joe Williams from the Negro leagues, and manager Frank Selee from the 19th century. J. G. Taylor Spink Award Bob Stevens received the J. G. Taylor Spink Award honoring a baseball writer. (The award was voted at the December 1998 meeting of the BBWAA, dated 1998, and conferred in the summer 1999 ceremonies.) Ford C. Frick Award Arch McDonald posthumously received the Ford C. Frick Award honoring a baseball broadcaster. Notes References External links 1999 Election at www.baseballhalloffame.org 1999 Hall of Fame Voting at Baseball-Reference Baseball Hall of Fame balloting Hall of Fame balloting	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/1999%20Baseball%20Hall%20of%20Fame%20balloting
A gear shaper is a machine tool for cutting the teeth of internal or external gears, it is a specialised application of the more general shaper machine. The name shaper relates to the fact that the cutter engages the part on the forward stroke and pulls away from the part on the return stroke, just like the clapper box on a planer shaper. The cutting tool is also gear shaped having the same pitch as the gear to be cut. However number of cutting teeth must be less than that of the gear to be cut for internal gears. For external gears the number of teeth on the cutter is limited only by the size of the shaping machine. The principal motions involved in rotary gear shaper cutting are of the following : Cutting Stroke: The downward linear motion of the cutter spindle together with the cutter . Return Stroke: The upward linear travel of the spindle and cutter to withdraw the cutter to its starting position. Indexing Motion: Slow speed continuous rotation of the cutter spindle and work spindle to provide circular feed, the two speeds being regulated through the change gears such that against each rotation of the cutter the gear blank revolves through n/N revolution, where "n" is the number of teeth of the cutter, and "N" is the number of teeth to be cut on the blank. Completion of Cutting Operation: The indexing and reciprocating motions continue until the required number of teeth to the required depth are cut all along the periphery of the gear blank. References See also Hobbing Milling (machining) Gears Machining	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gear%20shaper
Dave Baker (July 30, 1937 – September 4, 2002) was a defensive back in the National Football League (NFL), playing for the San Francisco 49ers for three years. David Baker grew up in Bartlesville, Oklahoma, earning All-State honors in football, basketball and baseball. He enrolled at the University of Oklahoma in 1955 under legendary coach Bud Wilkinson. During his three years of eligibility (freshmen were not eligible in 1955), the Sooners went 30-2, were in the midst of their 47-game win streak (still an NCAA record), and won the Big 7 conference title all three years. Players played both ways at the time, Baker playing defensive back, quarterback and running back. In 1959, he was drafted into the NFL as the fifth pick of the 1st round by the San Francisco 49ers. In the last 40 years of Sooner football (226 NFL draft picks), only Lee Roy Selmon, Billy Sims and Tony Casillas have been drafted higher. Baker played Safety for the 49ers for three seasons (1959–1961) and still to this day holds the 49ers interception per season record, making 21 career interceptions, an average of seven per season. In his 1959 rookie season, he was selected to the NFL All-Pro team. Monte Clark, an All-Pro tackle with the Cleveland Browns and later an NFL head coach, spoke to the 1965-66 SNU basketball team and stated, “In my fifteen-year NFL pro career, David Baker was the hardest hitting and best defensive back I have seen in the NFL.” After serving two years in the U.S. Army, a return to the NFL to a signed contract seemed imminent, but a different path would be charted. Dr. Roy Cantrell, president of Southern Nazarene University, called, asking for a meeting to discuss with David the possibility of coming to SNU to begin intercollegiate athletics and be a professor of physical education. The position would include being the first athletic director and head basketball coach. Forsaking a lucrative NFL contract and all of its amenities, David and Edna Baker came to Bethany, signed an SNU contract worth $3,600 annually and began a dream. With no intercollegiate program, no scholarships and no budget, Coach Baker set out with a vision that SNU could become one of America's finest small college athletic programs. At age 27, with a background in the country's finest collegiate football program (OU) and the NFL (49ers), Coach Baker believed that the greatest impact and athletic experience could happen where athletics in a "Christian atmosphere” thrived. During Coach Baker's tenure (1964–1974) a long list of significant accomplishment occurred: the first two men's basketball seasons had winning marks (men's basketball was the only intercollegiate sport for four years); the Benchwarmer Club was formed in 1968; the first scholarships awarded in 1969; the Redskin Revolution to change the course of sportsmanship in society occurred (a new method of introducing players was introduced, which later was adopted by high school, college and pro teams across America); sports were added to include women's basketball, baseball, women's volleyball, men's and women's tennis. On the basketball court, the innovation of the big man playing the point on the 3-2 zone defense was introduced in Broadhurst in 1971, to be copied around America at every level. The Spokesman Bicycle Tour group was formed to give hundreds of high school and college age kids a life changing experience in pedaling across America. In 1970, a goal was set to achieve a national title within a decade (it actually occurred in a decade plus one, 1981, in men's basketball under Head Coach Dr. Loren Gresham). Coach Baker set an athletic program on course with the assurance that “all things are possible to him who believes” (Mark 9:23). References 1937 births 2002 deaths American football defensive backs American football quarterbacks Oklahoma Sooners football players San Francisco 49ers players Western Conference Pro Bowl players Players of American football from Kansas People from Coffeyville, Kansas	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dave%20Baker%20%28American%20football%29
When the Smoke Clears: Sixty 6, Sixty 1 is the fourth studio album by American hip hop group Three 6 Mafia. The album was released on June 13, 2000, by Loud with Hypnotize Minds Records. The album was certified Platinum by the RIAA (Recording Industry Association of America) for selling 1,000,000 copies on December 1, 2000. The album bolstered the group's popularity immensely, and contains some of Three 6 Mafia's most well known tracks, such as "Sippin' on Some Syrup" “Who Run It” and "I’m So Hi". The album was one of the last projects featuring all of the original group's members, as Gangsta Boo left after the Choices: The Album soundtrack, and Koopsta Knicca left after the album's release. Track listing All tracks are produced by DJ Paul and Juicy J Charts Weekly charts Year-end charts Certifications References 2000 albums Three 6 Mafia albums Gangsta rap albums by American artists Horrorcore albums Southern hip hop albums Hardcore hip hop albums Loud Records albums Albums produced by DJ Paul Albums produced by Juicy J	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/When%20the%20Smoke%20Clears%3A%20Sixty%206%2C%20Sixty%201
Sean Peter Becker (born 7 July 1975 in Ranfurly) is a New Zealand curler. Career Becker was the skip for New Zealand teams which won three Pacific Curling Championships in 1998, 2003, and 2004. He has also played for the New Zealand team in five World Men's Championships, skipping the team at the 1999 (0-9; 10th), the 2004 (3-6; 7th), and the 2005 World Men's Curling Championship(5-6; 8th). He also played third for New Zealand at the 2001 (2-7; 9th) and 2012 World Men's Curling Championships (7-5; 5th). He represented New Zealand at the 2006 Winter Olympics as the team's skip. He was the only member of the New Zealand team to be originally from New Zealand. His was the first men's curling team to represent New Zealand at the Olympics; unfortunately, they finished last out of 10 teams without notching a victory. His curling team consisted of Lorne de Pape, Hans Frauenlob, Dan Mustapic and Warren Dobson. He carried the flag at the opening and closing ceremonies for his nation. Following the Olympic Games in 2006, Becker forged a new team of upcoming New Zealand talent including his younger brother, Scott. His team included Scott Becker, Rupert Jones, Warren Kearney and Warren Dobson. He then went on to skip New Zealand in the 2007, 2008, 2010 and 2017 Pacific-Asia Curling Championships and played third for New Zealand at the 2011, 2012, 2013, 2015 and 2016 Pacific-Asia Championships. In mixed doubles play, Becker has represented New Zealand in four World Mixed Doubles Curling Championships with sister Bridget, winning a silver medal at the 2010 World Mixed Doubles Curling Championship. Personal life Aside from curling, Sean Becker's occupation is a sheep farmer. Becker's family is well known as a curling family. Becker's mother, father, sister, grandfather, and younger brother have all represented New Zealand on an international scale. Becker's father, Peter Becker, is known as one of the first curlers to represent New Zealand internationally. He was also the coach of the women's team as well as the Secretary of the New Zealand Curling Association. Becker's sister, Bridget has been the skip of the New Zealand women's national curling team. His wife, Cassie, made her international debut with the New Zealand women's team in 2008. Career highlights 2006 Torino Olympic Games opening and closing ceremony flag bearer for New Zealand Awards Colin Campbell Award 1999, 2004 and 2012 References External links NBC profile Olympic.org 1975 births Living people Curlers at the 2006 Winter Olympics New Zealand male curlers 20th-century New Zealand farmers Olympic curlers for New Zealand People from Ranfurly, New Zealand New Zealand curling champions Pacific-Asian curling champions 21st-century New Zealand people	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sean%20Becker
Lydian is a calligraphic humanist sans-serif typeface designed by Warren Chappell for American Type Founders in 1938. It is available in bold, italic, and condensed, as well as in a Cursive variant. The original foundry font was commissioned and cast by American Type Founders and included a stylistic alternate, a capital ‹A› with a cross bar. It was named after the designer's wife. The various members of the family were introduced over the course of eight years: Lydian Italic (1938) Lydian Bold Italic (1938) Lydian Cursive (1940) Lydian Condensed Italic (1946) References Sans-serif typefaces American Type Founders typefaces Display typefaces Typefaces and fonts introduced in 1938	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lydian%20%28typeface%29
The Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR) was a study by the United States Department of Defense that analyzes strategic objectives and potential military threats. The Quadrennial Defense Review Report was the main public document describing the United States' military doctrine. In 2018, the QDR was replaced by the National Defense Strategy (February 2018). As stipulated in the 1997 National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA), the QDR is to be conducted every four years. , five QDR's have been published. The first in 1997, then September 2001, February 2006, February 2010, and most recently March 2014. Starting with the 2006 QDR, the publication is required to coincide with the issuance of the next year's budget request. The congressionally mandated Quadrennial Defense Review (QDR) directs DoD to undertake a wide-ranging review of strategy, programs, and resources. Specifically, the QDR is expected to delineate a national defense strategy consistent with the most recent National Security Strategy by defining force structure, modernization plans, and a budget plan allowing the military to successfully execute the full range of missions within that strategy. The report will include an evaluation by the Secretary of Defense and Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff of the military's ability to successfully execute its missions at a low-to-moderate level of risk within the forecast budget plan. The results of the 2001 QDR could well shape U.S. strategy and force structure in coming years. This report will be updated as future events warrant. The 1996 QDR was the first review requested by the Congress following the dissolution of the Soviet Union. In 1993, the Bottom Up Review (BUR) acknowledged the significant changes in the global security environment by articulating a strategy where the Department of Defense sought to prevent conflict by promoting democracy and peaceful resolution of conflict while connecting the U.S. military to the militaries of other countries, especially those of the former Soviet Union. The BUR addressed the need for peacekeeping and peace enforcement operations, but used the two major theater war (MTW) scenario as the main force shaping construct. On 6 February 1997, then Defense Secretary William Cohen appointed a National Defense Panel (NDP) to review the QDR. In 2009, the House passed HR2647, which included language to mandate a NDP that would be mostly appointed by the Congress to review the 2010 QDR. The 7–8 November 2000 QDR intended for implementation in FY2001 was a peacetime QDR created under Defense Secretary Cohen issued before the September 11, 2001 attacks. Within a month it was substantially rewritten by the Bush Administration which was elected the day following its release. For the second release, the mandate had changed, but still represented the pre-9/11 strategic environment. The 2006 QDR issued February 6, 2006 was a wartime QDR created under Defense Secretary Donald Rumsfeld. The United States had been at war for over four years. On April 7, 2009, Defense Secretary Robert Gates said that the 2010 QDR would include a review of the nation's amphibious programs, including the fate of the Expeditionary Fighting Vehicle or EFV. Congress created a Quadrennial Defense Review Independent Panel to review the results of the 2010 QDR. Russian Foreign Minister Sergei Lavrov welcomed the changes to a more multilateral tone in the 2010 QDR, but said that Russia still had issues with the new document. See also Quadrennial Diplomacy and Development Review Tooth-to-tail ratio References External links Quadrennial Defense Review Reports of the United States government United States Department of Defense publications United States defense policymaking	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Quadrennial%20Defense%20Review
Jonathan Baker (June 14, 1923November 26, 1992) was an American football linebacker in the National Football League (NFL) for the New York Giants. He played college football at the University of California and was drafted in the seventh round of the 1949 NFL Draft by the Los Angeles Rams. References External links 1923 births Players of American football from San Francisco American football linebackers California Golden Bears football players New York Giants players Eastern Conference Pro Bowl players 1992 deaths	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jon%20Baker%20%28linebacker%29
A reed pipe (also referred to as a lingual pipe) is an organ pipe that is sounded by a vibrating brass strip known as a reed. Air under pressure (referred to as wind) is directed towards the reed, which vibrates at a specific pitch. This is in contrast to flue pipes, which contain no moving parts and produce sound solely through the vibration of air molecules. Reed pipes are common components of pipe organs. Stop Reed pipes include all stops of the "Reed" class, and some stops from the "Hybrid" class. The reed stops of an organ are collectively called the "reed-work". Construction A reed pipe comprises a metal tongue (the reed) which rests against a shallot, in which is carved a tunnel. The reed and shallot are held in place by a wooden wedge. This assembly protrudes from the underside of the block and hangs down into the boot. A tuning wire is inserted through the boot and is bent to hold the reed against the shallot. The wire is moved up or down using a tuning knife in order to change the length of the tongue that is permitted to vibrate, thereby changing the pitch produced by the pipe. The resonator joins with the upper opening of the shallot and extends above the boot. The resonator may be made in a wide variety of lengths, shapes, and configurations, depending on the desired tone quality. An en chamade is a specific type of reed which is mounted horizontally on the organ case rather than stood vertically inside the organ case. This is done to project the tone more directly at the listener. In cases where this cannot be done, hooded reeds (generally trumpets) are used. This method of construction projects the sound in the same manner with a vertical resonator which turns at a 90-degree angle at the top. In places where a full-length resonator will not fit, a technique called mitering is used, wherein organ pipes are created so that instead of standing straight up, they appear to make a loop in the middle of the resonator. This is done by joining several small pieces of metal together. Actuation As wind enters the boot, it travels over the reed, causing it to vibrate against the shallot. This produces the pipe's sound. The wind passes through the shallot and up into the resonator, which focuses and refines the sound wave produced by the reed. The length of the air column as well as the length, mass, and stiffness of the reed itself, determine the frequency of the instrument. Free reeds A less-common type of reed construction is the free reed. The term refers to two types of reeds where the tongue does not beat directly against the shallot in order to produce the reed tone, which creates a unique sound (these are most commonly used on nineteenth-century German or French organs). In one case, the free reed stop will appear from the outside like a normal reed (complete with boot, tuning wire, and resonator, etc.). The only difference lies in the action of the tongue (see above), which beats "through" the shallot (hence the German term for the reed — durchschlagend). In the other form of the reed, an enclosed boot does not exist (as in normal reed pipes); therefore, all the tongues are held together in the same chamber, as in the harmonica, accordion, or harmonium. This arrangement makes it possible to change the volume produced without changing its pitch by varying the wind pressure, which is not possible with normal organ pipes. Volume adjustment was available to the organist by means of a balanced expression pedal which varied the wind pressure delivered to the free reed stop. This type of free reed was popular among certain organ builders of the nineteenth century due to the increased interest in a more expressive aesthetic. Tonal characteristics The tonal characteristics of reed pipes are determined by several factors, the most important of which is the interaction between the shallot and the tongue. The thickness and curve of the tongue itself play an important role in determining the tonal quality of the pipe. When voicing a reed pipe, the voicer will take great care in shaping the curve of the tongue, because this controls how the tongue beats against the shallot. Whether the shallot is cylindrical or tapered (and, in the latter case, whether or not the taper is inverted) greatly affects the pipe's timbre. Likewise, the "cut" (referring to the depth of the shallot and the shape of the opening) and the closed-end shape (whether the closed end of the shallot is flat, domed, or Schiffschen) determine whether the tone is more Baroque or more Romantic. In addition, the type of block (whether a standard shape or a French "double-block") in which the reed assembly is set has an effect on the sound. Scaling is important when determining the final tone color of a reed pipe, though it is not of primary importance as it is in flue pipe construction. This is because reed pipe resonators simply reinforce certain partials of the sound wave; the air column inside the resonator is not the primary vibrator. The shape of the resonator, however, is quite important: an inverted-conical resonator (such as is typical with a Trumpet rank) produces more harmonics than does a cylindrical resonator (like that of a Clarinet rank). There are generally two main types of reed stops: chorus reeds (such as the Trumpet, Clairon and Bombarde), whose main function is to blend with the flue stops and reinforce the full organ; and solo reeds or orchestral reeds (such as the Clarinet, the Oboe, and the Cor Anglais), which often (but not always) imitate orchestral instruments, and are used for quieter, solo passages (similar to woodwinds in an orchestra). References External links Encyclopedia of Organ Stops Pipe organ components de:Orgelpfeife	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reed%20pipe
Split Rock Creek State Park is a state park of Minnesota, USA, located in Ihlen, or just south of Pipestone. The Works Progress Administration built a dam in 1938 to create a lake, which provided an opportunity for water recreation in an area of the state with few natural lakes. The dam was constructed of Sioux Quartzite, a hard red rock widely found in the area. A nearby bridge, Split Rock Creek Bridge, was also built by the WPA of Sioux quartzite in 1938. The bridge carries County Road 54 over the creek. It is listed on the National Register of Historic Places as part of the Minnesota Masonry-Arch Highway Bridges MPS. Split Rock Creek Split Rock Creek is a stream that flows for 55 miles from a farmers field near Ihlen, Rock County, Minnesota to east of Sioux Falls, Minnehaha County, South Dakota. The native American name for the creek was Eminija. The creek enters South Dakota east of Sherman, South Dakota. West of Sherman it flows over a cement pad on 486th Avenue. It flows around Garretson and through Devil's Gulch. The creek then flows through Palisades State Park and then through McHardy Park in Brandon. East of Sioux Falls Pt finally flows into the Big Sioux River, which flows into the Missouri River, which flows into the Mississippi River. See also List of rivers of Minnesota List of rivers of South Dakota References 1937 establishments in Minnesota Protected areas established in 1937 Protected areas of Pipestone County, Minnesota State parks of Minnesota Works Progress Administration in Minnesota	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Split%20Rock%20Creek%20State%20Park
Piastra may refer to: Historical currencies used in some parts of what became Italy before unification in the 19th century: Neapolitan piastra Sicilian piastra Two Sicilies piastra Historical currency of Gran Colombia See also piastre	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Piastra
Bring On the Night is the first live album by Sting recorded over the course of several live shows in 1985 and released in 1986. The title is taken from a song by the Police from their 1979 album Reggatta de Blanc. The songs performed include Sting's early solo material from the studio album The Dream of the Blue Turtles, and from his time with The Police, with a few of the performances played as medleys of the two. The touring band features the prominent jazz musicians Branford Marsalis on saxophone and clarinet, Darryl Jones on bass guitar, Kenny Kirkland on keyboards and synthesizer, and Omar Hakim on drums. Also appearing are backing vocalists Janice Pendarvis and Dolette McDonald. Despite not featuring any hit singles, the album reached number 16 on the UK Album Charts and won Sting a Grammy Award in 1988 for Best Pop Vocal Performance, Male. Bring On the Night is also a 1985 documentary directed by Michael Apted covering the formative stages of Sting's solo career—released as DVD in 2005. Track listing All songs written by Sting, except where noted. Side one "Bring On the Night/When the World is Running Down, You Make the Best of What's Still Around" (recorded at Palais Omnisports de Paris-Bercy, Paris, 23 December 1985) – 11:41 "Consider Me Gone" (recorded at Théâtre Mogador, Paris, 29 May 1985) – 4:53 "Low Life" (recorded at Palais Omnisports de Paris-Bercy, Paris, 23 December 1985) – 4:03 Side two "We Work the Black Seam" (recorded at Palais Omnisports de Paris-Bercy, Paris, 23 December 1985) – 6:55 "Driven to Tears" (recorded at Palais Omnisports de Paris-Bercy, Paris, 23 December 1985) – 6:59 "Dream of the Blue Turtles/Demolition Man" (recorded at Palais Omnisports de Paris-Bercy, Paris, 23 December 1985) – 6:08 Side three "One World (Not Three)/Love Is the Seventh Wave" (recorded at Palais Omnisports de Paris-Bercy, Paris, 23 December 1985) – 11:10 "Moon over Bourbon Street" (recorded at Rijnhal, Arnhem, 21 December 1985) – 4:19 "I Burn for You" (recorded at Palais Omnisports de Paris-Bercy, Paris, 23 December 1985) – 5:38 Side four "Another Day" (recorded at Palazzo dello Sport, Rome, 4 December 1985) – 4:41 "Children's Crusade" (recorded at Rijnhal, Arnhem, 21 December 1985) – 5:22 "Down So Long" (Alex Atkins, J. B. Lenoir; recorded at Théâtre Mogador, Paris, 29 May 1985) – 4:54 "Tea in the Sahara" (recorded at Rijnhal, Arnhem, 21 December 1985) – 6:25 On CD and digital editions, sides 1 and 2 correspond to disc 1 and sides 3 and 4 to disc 2. Personnel Musicians Sting – lead vocals, keyboards, guitars, double bass on "I Burn for You" Darryl Jones – bass guitar Kenny Kirkland – keyboards Branford Marsalis – saxophones, clarinet, rap, percussion Janice Pendarvis – backing vocals Dolette McDonald – backing vocals Omar Hakim – drums, electronic percussion Technical staff Producers – Kim Turner and Sting Engineers – Gerd Rautenbach, Jim Scott, Kim Turner and Peter Brandt. Recording – Dierks Mobile 2 Guitar technician – Danny Quatrochi Bass and keyboard technician – Tam Fairgreave Drum technician – Billy Thompson Management – Kim Turner and Miles Copeland Tour management – Billy Francis Production manager – Keith Bradley Art direction – Michael Ross Design – John Warwicker and Michael Ross Painting – Su Huntley and Donna Muir Photography – Denis O'Regan, Donna Muir, Michael Ross and Su Huntley. Monitor mixer – Tom Herrman Sound – Tony Blanc, John Roden and Martin Rowe. Lighting – Jim Laroche and Bill Neil Rigger – Deryck Dickinson Booking – Ian Copeland, Teresa Green and Buck Williams at Frontier Booking International. Charts Weekly charts Year-end charts References Sting (musician) live albums Grammy Award for Best Male Pop Vocal Performance 1986 live albums A&M Records live albums	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bring%20On%20the%20Night
Roosevelt Harrell III (born February 20, 1972) professionally known as Bink is an American hip hop producer from Norfolk, Virginia, who is noted for his work with Roc-A-Fella Records artists. His most high-profile work has been Jay-Z's critically acclaimed album The Blueprint, for which he produced three tracks, including the first and last tracks on the album. He is sometimes credited as Bink! or Bink Dog. In 2011, Bink and American-reggae artist Atiba finished a collaborative album titled Foreigner. A release date for the project has yet to be announced. 1990s 1996 Blackstreet – Another Level "Don't Leave Me" (co-produced by Teddy Riley) 1997 702 – All I Want (CDS) "All I Want" (Bink Dogg Mix) Lost Boyz – Love, Peace & Nappiness "Intro" (co-produced by Charles Suitt) "Beasts from the East" (featuring A+, Redman & Canibus) "Tight Situations" "Day 1" "From My Family to Yours (Dedication)" 1998 Krumb Snatcha – Snatcha Season Pt. 1 "Gangsta Disease" (Remix) Various – Caught Up soundtrack Lost Boyz – "Ordinary Guy" 1999 Tevin Campbell – Losing All Control (CDS) "Losing All Control" (Bink Dog Remix) (co-produced by Stevie J) Terry Dexter – Terry Dexter "I Try" A+ – Hempstead High "Up Top New York" (featuring Mr. Cheeks of the Lost Boyz) "Boyz to Men" (featuring Lost Boyz & Canibus) "Understand The Game" (featuring Erykah Badu) What The Deal" (featuring Cardan) "Parkside Gardens" ShanDozia – ShanDozia "Love You So Much" "Crazy" Coko – Hot Coko "Triflin'" (featuring Eve) (co-produced by Brian Alexander Morgan) Kurupt – Tha Streetz Iz a Mutha "Trylogy" "Girls All Pause" (featuring Nate Dogg & Roscoe) U-God – Golden Arms Redemption "Bizarre" Lil' Cease – The Wonderful World of Cease A Leo "Long Time Comin'" (featuring Mr. Bristal & Larce "Banger" Vegas of Junior M.A.F.I.A.) "Play Around" (featuring Lil' Kim, Mr. Bristal & Joe Hooker) 2000s 2000 Tamia – A Nu Day "Can't Go for That" (co-produced by Missy Elliott) "Wanna Be" (featuring Missy Elliott) (co-produced by Missy Elliott) "Can't Go for That (Remix)" (featuring 213) (co-produced by Missy Elliott) Tamia – Can't Go for That (CDS) "Can't Go for That" (Missy's Mix) (co-produced by Missy Elliott) Torrey Carter – The Life I Live "Floss Ya Jewels" (featuring Missy Elliott) (co-produced by Missy Elliott) Lil' Mo – Based on a True Story "Club 2G" (featuring Naam & Missy Elliott) (co-produced by Missy Elliott) "Club 2G" (Demo Version) (featuring Missy Elliott) (co-produced by Missy Elliott) Various – Any Given Sunday soundtrack Missy Elliott – "Who You Gonna Call" (co-produced by Missy Elliott & Tony McAnany) Various – Bait soundtrack Total – "Quick Rush" (featuring Missy Elliott) (co-produced by Missy Elliott) Beanie Sigel – The Truth "Raw & Uncut" (featuring Jay-Z) "Ride 4 My" Jay-Z – The Dynasty: Roc La Familia "1-900-Hustler" (featuring Beanie Sigel, Memphis Bleek & Freeway) "You, Me, Him and Her" (featuring Beanie Sigel, Memphis Bleek & Amil) Prodigy – H.N.I.C. "Rock Dat Shit" Mystikal – Let's Get Ready "Mystikal Fever" 2001 AZ – 9 Lives "That's Real" (featuring Beanie Sigel) Angie Martinez – Up Close and Personal "Coast 2 Coast (Suavemente)" (Remix) (featuring Wyclef Jean) (co-produced by Domingo) Aaliyah – Unreleased track "Where Could He Be?" (featuring Missy Elliott & Tweet) (co-produced by Missy Elliott) P. Diddy and the Bad Boy Family – The Saga Continues... "The Last Song" (featuring Loon, Mark Curry & Big Azz Ko) Jay-Z – The Blueprint "The Ruler's Back" "All I Need" "Blueprint (Momma Loves Me)" Various – Hardball R.O.C. – "Who Ya Love" Various – Violator: The Album, V2.0 Capone & Noyd – "Options" Coo Coo Cal – Disturbed "Freak Nasty" Mocha – Bella Mafia "The Streetz" (featuring Lil' Mo) Fat Joe – Jealous Ones Still Envy (J.O.S.E.) "Get The Hell On With That" (featuring Ludacris & Armageddon) Mr. Cheeks – John P. Kelly "Lights, Camera, Action!" Faith Evans – Faithfully "Intro" Nate Dogg – Music & Me "I Got Love" "Backdoor" "Real Pimp" (featuring Ludacris) "I Got Love" (Remix) (featuring B.R.E.T.T., Fabolous & Kurupt) 2002 Eve – Eve-Olution "Ryde Away" Blackalicious – It's Going Down (Sit Back) (CDS) "It's Going Down Pt. 2" (BINK! Remix) Xzibit – Man vs. Machine "The Gambler" (featuring Anthony Hamilton) "My Life, My World" Boot Camp Clik – The Chosen Few "That's Tough (Little Bit)" GZA – Legend of the Liquid Sword "Silent" "Animal Planet" (co-produced by Tyquan Walker) Kool G Rap – The Giancana Story "Where You At" (featuring Prodigy) Various – Barbershop soundtrack P. Diddy – "And We" (featuring Black Rob, Big Azz Ko & G. Dep) Various – xXx soundtrack Mr. Cheeks – "Lights, Camera, Action!" (Club Mix) (featuring P. Diddy & Missy Elliott) 2003 Dani Stevenson – Is There Another?! "It's Like a Jungle" Lene Nystrøm – Play with Me "Pants Up" State Property – The Chain Gang Vol. 2 "Rolling Down the Freeway" (featuring Freeway) Freeway – Philadelphia Freeway "All My Life" (featuring Nate Dogg) "Victim of the Ghetto (featuring Rell) Loon – Loon "Hey Woo" (featuring Missy Elliott) Nate Dogg – Nate Dogg "Right Back Where You Are" Mr. Cheeks – Back Again! "Hands High" "I Apologize" (featuring Glenn Lewis) "Let's Get Wild" (featuring Floetry) "Back Again" Dave Hollister – Real Talk "Never Gonna Change" (co-produced by Tyquan Walker) Bow Wow – Unleashed "Follow Me" 2004 Jin – The Rest Is History "The Come Thru" Young Gunz – Tough Luv "Future of the Roc" Copywrite – Cruise Control Mixtape: Volume 1 "Size 12's" JoJo – JoJo "Homeboy" 2005 Beanie Sigel – The B. Coming "One Shot Deal" (featuring Redman) Brooke Valentine – Chain Letter "Ghetto Supastarz" "Tell Me Why? (You Don't Love Me)" Amerie – Touch "Can We Go" (featuring Carl Thomas) Memphis Bleek – 534 "The One" (featuring Rihanna) "Oh Baby" (featuring Young Gunz) 2006 Jaheim – Ghetto Classics "Everytime I Think about Her" (featuring Jadakiss) LL Cool J – Todd Smith "We're Gonna Make It" (featuring Mary Mary) Stat Quo – Underground Atlanta Vol. 4 - The Prequel to Statlanta "The Beast" (featuring Truth Hurts) MoeRoc – Wu-Tang: Out of Control "Home of the Hustler" Gift of Gab – Supreme Lyricism Vol. 1 "It's Goin Down" (Remix) (featuring Lateef the Truthspeaker, Talib Kweli & Chief Xcel of Blackalicious) Various – Waist Deep soundtrack Sam Scarfo – "Who Want It" 2007 Royce da 5'9" – The Bar Exam "The Dream" (featuring Rell) Amerie – Because I Love It "Paint Me Over" Free – Pressure Free "Uh Huh" (featuring Busta Rhymes) (co-produced by Precision) Chuck Brown – We're About the Business "Love Nationwide" Cassidy – B.A.R.S. The Barry Adrian Reese Story "Damn I Miss The Game" Freeway – Free at Last "Still Got Love" "When They Remember" 2008 Skillz – The Million Dollar Backpack "(For Real) He Don't Own Me" "I'm Gon Make It" Bishop Lamont – The Confessional "Africa" (featuring Soul Nana) J Dilla – Pay Jay "Diary" Rick Ross – Trilla "We Shinin'" 2009 Joe Budden – Escape Route "For You" (featuring Royce da 5'9") Rick Ross – Deeper Than Rap "Cigar Music" Method Man & Redman – Blackout! 2 "Four Minutes to Lock Down'" (featuring Raekwon & Ghostface Killah) 2010s 2010 Kanye West – My Beautiful Dark Twisted Fantasy "Devil in a New Dress" Cypress Hill – SmokeOut Compilation "Smoke Sumthin" (featuring Ras Kass, Kurupt & Young De) Cassidy – C.A.S.H. "Face 2 Face" "Monsta Music" Bishop Lamont – The Shawshank Redemption/Angola 3 "Wanted Man" (featuring Chin of The New Royales) J. Cole – Friday Night Lights "Villematic" Game – The Red Room "Heartbreak Hotel" (featuring Diddy) Jamie Foxx – Best Night of My Life "Living Better Now" (featuring Rick Ross) 2011 Game – Purp & Patron "Soo Woo" (featuring Lil Wayne) Eric Roberson – Mister Nice Guy "Try Love" Gilbere Forte - "Eyes Of Veritas" "Train Lights" Slim the Mobster – War Music "Fuck You" (featuring Yummy Bingham) Jadakiss – I Love You (A Dedication to My Fans) "Rock Wit Me" (featuring Teyana Taylor) Atiba – Foreigner "What You Do" Phil Adé – A Different World "Scoreboard (feat. Black Cobain)" "King" 2012 Tony Williams – The King or the Fool "Another You" (featuring Kanye West) Curren$y – The Stoned Immaculate "What It Look Like (featuring Wale)" Paypa – Henny on the Rocks 2: The Bottle "Tried to Tell 'Em" (featuring Raekwon, Nick D's & JD Era) "Where's the Love" (featuring Naledge) Hit-Boy – HITstory "Jay-Z Interview" Busta Rhymes – Year of the Dragon "Grind Real Slow" Keyshia Cole – Woman to Woman "Next Move" (featuring Robin Thicke) Freeway – Diamond In the Ruff "Dream Big" (featuring Musiq Soulchild) "All the Hoods" (featuring Miss Daja Thomas & Alonda Rich) "Lil' Mama" Fat Joe – TBA "Pride N Joy" 2013 Pusha T – Wrath of Caine "I Am Forgiven" John Legend – Love in the Future "Who Do We Think We Are" Drake – Unreleased track "Jodeci Freestyle" (featuring J. Cole) (Re-released in Drake's 2019 Compilation Care Package) Mack Wilds – New York: A Love Story "My Crib" "My Crib" (Remix) (featuring Pusha T) Paypa – Henny On The Rocks 3 "Alright" (featuring Curtains) "Serenity" (featuring Nick D's & Emilio Rojas) 2014 Stat Quo – ATLA "That's Life Part 1" Rick Ross – Mastermind "Mafia Music III" (featuring Sizzla & Mavado) Nipsey Hussle – Unreleased Track "Respect Ya Passion" 2015 Teedra Moses - Cognac & Conversation "That One" (featuring Anthony Hamilton) "Yesterday Ain't Tomorrow" Dr. Dre - Compton "It's All On Me" (featuring Justus & BJ the Chicago Kid) 2017 Rick Ross - Rather You Than Me "Santorini Greece" "Game Ain't Based on Sympathy" "Scientology" 2019 Dreamville - Revenge of the Dreamers III "Swivel" feat. EarthGang 2020s 2021 Drake - Certified Lover Boy "You Only Live Twice" (featuring Lil Wayne & Rick Ross) (co-produced by B-Nasty) AZ - Doe Or Die II "Just 4 U" “Bulletproof” “Jewels For Life” (featuring Inky Johnson) Anthony Hamilton - Love Is The New Black "I’m Ready"(featuring Lil Jon) “I’m Sorry” “Mercy” (featuring Tamika Mallory) 2022 Dr. Dre - GTA Online: The Contract "Black Privilege" (co-produced by Dr. Dre) References External links Bink! on Twitter Bink! on Discogs Record producers from Virginia American hip hop record producers Musicians from Norfolk, Virginia 1972 births Living people	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bink%20%28record%20producer%29
USS Loy (DE-160/APD-56), a in service with the United States Navy from 1943 to 1947. She was converted to high-speed transport (APD) in late 1945. Following her decommissioning, she spent another 19 years in reserve before being sold for scrap in 1966. History Loy was named in honor of Gunner's Mate Third Class Jackson Keith Loy (1922-1942), who was killed in action aboard the off Lunga Point, Guadalcanal on 12 November 1942. For his actions, Gunner's Mate Loy was awarded the Navy Cross. Loy was laid down by Norfolk Navy Yard, Portsmouth, Virginia, on 23 April 1943; launched on 4 July 1943; sponsored by Mrs. Lewis G. Barnes; and commissioned on 12 September 1943. Battle of the Atlantic (1943-1944) After shakedown out of Bermuda, Loy departed New York on 12 November for convoy escort duty in the Atlantic. During the next three months she made two round-trip runs escorting ships from the Netherlands West Indies to Bizerte, Tunisia, and Algiers, Algeria. Late in March 1944, she escorted a troop convoy out of Boston to Halifax, Nova Scotia; thence, she steamed via Casco Bay, Maine, to Norfolk, Virginia where she arrived on 1 April for hunter-killer screening duty. Departing Norfolk on 3 April, Loy screened the escort carrier while steaming shipping lanes to the Azores and North Africa. She reached Casablanca, French Morocco, on 29 April; departed on 3 May; and resumed screen and submarine search patrols. After returning to New York on 31 May, she resumed convoy escort duty two weeks later. Between 13 June and 8 October, Loy made two transatlantic voyages from New York and Norfolk; thence, she entered Boston Navy Yard for conversion to a Charles Lawrence-class high speed transport and was reclassified APD-56 on 23 October. Pacific War (1945) Loy departed Boston on 18 December; and, after training off the Virginia coast, stood out from New York for Hawaii on New Year's Day 1945, arriving via the Panama Canal and San Diego, on 25 January. Following training exercises with Underwater Demolition Teams (UDT), she sailed for the Philippines on 14 February and arrived Leyte Gulf on 4 March. There, she prepared for the invasion of Okinawa, a campaign which carried American forces to the doorstep of Japan. Battle of Okinawa With UDT-4 embarked, Loy sailed for the Ryukyus on 21 March. While approaching Okinawa on 26 March, she fought off the first of many repeated enemy suicide plane attacks and shot down the attacker. Prior to the invasion, she conducted shore reconnaissance operations and supported shore demolition operations by UDT-4. On 29 March, she provided medical and salvage assistance to LSM(R)-188 after a kamikaze crashed her stern. Loy boated UDT-4 off Purple Beach during landings on 1 April. During the next week she supported operations of the UDT and patrolled off Okinawa. After sailing to Kerama Retto on 10 April, she supported demolition operations on Ie Shima from 16 to 23 April. Despite intermittent enemy air attacks, she also continued coastal ASW patrols; her guns shot down an attacker on the 8th and downed another enemy aircraft on the 16th. Departing Okinawa on 25 April, Loy arrived at Guam, Marianas on 2 May. From 11 to 15 May she returned to Okinawa as convoy escort and then began station patrols in the anti-aircraft screen. While on patrol on 25 May, she embarked and cared for survivors from after the high speed transport had been hit by a kamikaze. Two days later, she shot down three suicide aircraft during two attacks. The third aircraft exploded close aboard the starboard beam and sprayed the ship with fragments. She suffered 18 casualties and some internal damage. While steaming for temporary repairs at Hagushi, Okinawa, she shot down yet another attacker early on 28 May after the aircraft had narrowly missed her stern. Loy proceeded to Kerama Retto on 29 May for additional repairs; then from 7 to 19 June she steamed via Saipan to Leyte Gulf. She repaired battle damage until 28 July; operated out of Leyte Gulf until 10 September; and arrived at Lingayen Gulf, Luzon, on 13 September to escort transports carrying occupation troops to Japan. Departing on 20 September, she arrived at Wakayama Bay, Honshū, the 25th; and during the next month she served as screening ship in Wakayama Bay. After an escort run to Nagoya and back, she sailed on 31 October for the Philippines. She carried passengers and mail to Nagoya; refueled at Taku, China; and reached Manila Bay, Luzon, on 12 November. There she embarked troops for transportation to the United States. Loy departed Manila Bay on her homebound "Magic Carpet" run on 19 November. She touched at Samar, Eniwetok and Pearl Harbor and arrived San Diego on 11 November. Post-war and fate (1946-1966) She steamed to Norfolk between 14 and 28 December, and on 6 February 1946 proceeded to Green Cove Springs, Florida where she decommissioned on 21 February 1947 and joined the Atlantic Reserve Fleet. Transferred to the Orange, Texas, group in 1961, she was struck on 1 September 1964 from the United States Naval Vessel Register. She was sold to Boston Metals Company, Baltimore, Maryland, on 15 August 1966 for scrapping. Awards Loy received one battle star for World War II service. References External links Buckley-class destroyer escorts Charles Lawrence-class high speed transports World War II frigates and destroyer escorts of the United States World War II amphibious warfare vessels of the United States Ships built in Portsmouth, Virginia 1943 ships	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS%20Loy
The Mikan Drill is a basketball drill commonly credited to George Mikan and his college coach at DePaul University Ray Meyer. It is designed to help basketball centers and forwards develop rhythm, timing for rebounding, and scoring in the paint. It is also used for outside players to better their layup skills and increase stamina, for longer games. The drill is practiced as follows: From under the basket, make a layup with the right hand, catch the ball under the net with the left hand and make a layup with the left hand. Catch the ball out of the net with the right hand and lay it in with the right hand. Continue, alternating hands. Eventually the player should learn how to quickly grab the ball and take a shot while taking the permitted two steps. Virtually every great forward and center since Mikan has practiced this drill. Kareem Abdul-Jabbar describes teaching it to children he coached in his book A Season on the Reservation. Shaquille O'Neal, who admired Mikan so much that he offered to pay for his funeral expenses, learned the drill from his coach Dale Brown, when O'Neal played college basketball at LSU. The drill is more or less a standard practice procedure for all basketball "big men". References Basketball terminology	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mikan%20Drill
Steffan Tubbs is a radio host on Denver, Colorado's News/Talk 710 KNUS. He currently hosts The Steffan Tubbs Show on News/Talk 710 KNUS weekday afternoons from 3pMT - 7pMT M-F. He was the host of Colorado's Morning News and on 850 KOA having begun his radio career at the station in 1994. His voice was a continued presence during a six-year career with ABC News; he was a national radio anchor for the service on the evening of September 11, 2001. He returned to the Denver market after reporting and anchoring for WNYW Fox5-TV, the Fox affiliate in New York City. In 2006, Tubbs founded Mountain Time Media www.mountaintm.com He is the author of two books: ▪ "They Said. They Said." - which examines the 2019 death of Kate Rafferty Petrocco in Adams County, Colorado. ▪"Life, Liberty & Resilience" - a look at a segregated World War II veteran from rural Mississippi. The documentary film "Life, Liberty & Resilience" won the San Luis Obispo International Film Festival's Audience Choice Award in March 2014. The film was also shown at the Boston Film Festival, St. Louis Film Festival, Tupelo Film Festival, Black Hills Film Festival, the Unspoken Film Festival and the Crossroads Film Festival. Tubbs' documentary films released through Mountain Time Media include: ▪ "Droughtland" (2014) ▪ "ACRONYM: The Cross-Generational Battle With PTSD" (2015) ▪ "25 Steps" (2018) narrated by Peter Coyote. Winner, Best Documentary Short, Glendale (CA) International Film Festival ▪ "Ethan's Reach" (2020) ▪ "Denver in Decay (2020) Tubbs received his undergraduate degree in Journalism at Cal Poly, San Luis Obispo and received his Masters with the external Master of Arts in Humanities/History program at California State University, Dominguez Hills in 2010. Tubbs is a four-time winner of the Edward R. Morrow Award and has been embedded twice with U.S. troops in Iraq (2006 & 2010.) Tubbs' trademark close to his program: "Remember Our Troops." He hosts the weekly program "The American Veteran Show" on 710 KNUS Sundays at NOON MT. The program began in 2016. www.americanveteranshow.com References Living people Year of birth missing (living people) San Diego High School alumni	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Steffan%20Tubbs
Barry Price (born 8 March 1949) is a former Australian rules footballer who played 158 games and scored 60 goals with Collingwood Football Club in the Victorian Football League (VFL) between 1966 and 1977. Price debuted in 1966 aged 17. Though only 177 cm tall, Price was courageous and just as productive with his hands as his feet. His evasive skills were excellent and he thrived on Bob Rose's intense training regimes, always presenting super fit. He won the Copeland Trophy, awarded to Collingwood's best and fairest player, in 1969. In 1970, he represented Victoria in interstate football. In 1976, Price moved to play with Claremont in the West Australian National Football League (WANFL). He played for three years with Clarement before returning to Collingwood for a solitary game in 1979. He was the coach of Prahran Football Club in the Victorian Football Association (VFA) in 1983. References External links Collingwood Football Club players Ararat Football Club players Copeland Trophy winners Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state) 1949 births Living people Claremont Football Club players Prahran Football Club coaches	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Barry%20Price
Tenga may refer to: Historical currency Bukharan tenga, in Central Asia Khwarazmi tenga, in Central Asia Kokand tenga, in Central Asia Khiva tenga, in Central Asia Geography Tenga Valley, Arunachal Pradesh India Tenga River Tenga, Altai Republic, a rural locality in Russia Tenga, Mozambique, a town Tenga, Mull, a place on the Isle of Mull, Argyll and Bute, Scotland Other Tenga (company), a Japanese manufacturer of adult toys Fictional villains, see List of Power Rangers villains See also Tegna (disambiguation)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tenga
The Sporting News established The Sporting News Most Valuable Player Award in 1929. The award was given annually to the player judged by TSN baseball experts as being the most valuable in each league. The awards were discontinued in 1946. Key Awardees Multiple Wins Lou Gehrig and Jimmie Fox have won the award three times. Every player that won the award more than once are members of the National Baseball Hall of Fame and Museum See also Sporting News Player of the Year Award TSN Pitcher of the Year TSN Rookie of the Year TSN Reliever of the Year TSN Comeback Player of the Year TSN Manager of the Year TSN Executive of the Year External links and references Baseball-Almanac.com References Major League Baseball trophies and awards Baseball most valuable player awards Most valuable player awards Awards established in 1929 Awards disestablished in 1946 1929 establishments in Missouri	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The%20Sporting%20News%20Most%20Valuable%20Player%20Award
Karl Emanuel Martin "Kem" Weber (1889–1963) was an American furniture and industrial designer, architect, art director, and teacher who created several iconic designs of the 'Streamline' style. Early career Born in Berlin, Germany, Weber initially trained under the royal cabinet maker Eduard Schultz in Potsdam, before enrolling at the Kunstgewerbeschule (School of applied arts) in Berlin in 1908 where he studied under Bruno Paul. Graduating in 1912, Weber went on to work in Paul's office, having previously assisted his tutor in the design of the German pavilion at the 1910 'Exposition Universalle' in Brussels. It was the design of a second pavilion that proved to be the turning point in Weber's career. Paul sent his assistant to San Francisco, California, to supervise work on the German pavilion being built for the Panama-Pacific International Exposition of 1915. However, Weber was soon overtaken by other international events. The onset of World War I prevented him from returning home despite the construction of the pavilion being suspended, leaving him stranded in California. American success Seeing greater opportunity in the New World, Weber stayed in the United States after the war ended, later becoming a U. S. citizen in 1924, anticipating later European talents such as Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, Marcel Breuer and the Hoffmanns. Weber went a step further towards forging a new identity in the New World, adopting the less Germanic name "Kem", formed from combining his three initials. First working in Santa Barbara, designing Spanish Colonial interiors and several buildings inspired by ancient Mayan, Egyptian and Minoan architecture, Weber moved to Los Angeles in 1921 and began working in the industrial and product design field for which he is perhaps best known. Until 1924 he worked as the Art Director for Barker Brothers, a large furniture and decorating store for whom he designed everything from furniture, interior fittings and packaging in a modernist style. Weber then established an independent industrial design studio in Hollywood, where he also designed modern sets for films and private residences. The inclusion of his work in the 1928 'International Exposition of Art in Industry' held by New York store Macy's cemented his reputation and he went on to design many products for a wide variety of companies including Widdicomb, Berley & Gay, Friedman Silver and Lawson Time. Many of his designs, such as the copper 'Zephyr' desk clock (1933), can be classified as 'Streamline Moderne', which was a popular style in contemporary architecture. Weber's most famous work is probably the "Airline" chair of 1934, which exemplified the clean, streamlined style of the age, with its seat supported by a cantilevered frame reminiscent of wooden aircraft components. Practical, stylish and economical to construct and ship, the Airline chair failed to find a manufacturer. Most surviving examples come from the batch of 300 made for the Walt Disney Studios, largely handmade. Weber is also noted for being the main architect of the Walt Disney Studios complex in Burbank, California. References Bibliography External links Brooklyn Museum Victoria & Albert Museum 1889 births 1963 deaths Architects from Berlin 20th-century German architects German furniture designers Emigrants from the German Empire to the United States	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kem%20Weber
Stephen Edward Baker (born August 30, 1964) is an American former professional football player who was a wide receiver for six seasons with the New York Giants of the National Football League (NFL). He played college football for the Fresno State Bulldogs. High school career Baker attended Alexander Hamilton High School in Los Angeles, California, where he lettered in football, track, and gymnastics. College career Baker attended college at Fresno State University, where he caught 62 passes for 1,629 yards in two seasons. Professional career Drafted by the New York Giants in the third round (83rd overall) of the 1987 NFL Draft, Baker played for the Giants his entire career from 1987 to 1992. Also known as Stephen Baker "The Touchdown Maker," he won a championship ring with New York in Super Bowl XXV, when they defeated the Buffalo Bills 20-19. Baker caught two passes for 31 yards, including a 14-yard touchdown pass from Jeff Hostetler late in the 2nd quarter. Baker finished his six NFL seasons with 141 receptions for 2,587 yards and 21 touchdowns, along with 21 rushing yards. In 1992, according to Football Outsiders, Baker had the worst catch rate of any wide receiver from 1991–2011, catching only 28.8% of the passes thrown to him. In 2008, Baker was inducted into the Fresno County Athletic Hall of Fame. References 1964 births Living people American football wide receivers Fresno State Bulldogs football players New York Giants players Players of American football from San Antonio	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Stephen%20Baker%20%28American%20football%29
Max Crow (born 7 January 1956) is a former Australian rules footballer in the Victorian Football League. He played mostly as a key forward or ruckman, he was a good mark and long kick. Recruited from the western Victorian town of Underbool, outside Essendon's recruitment zone, he made his league debut for the Bombers in 1974 and spent a number of years at the club as one of its favourites. He then crossed to St Kilda in 1983, winning the club's best and fairest award in his first year there, before finishing with one year at Footscray in 1986. External links Trevor Barker Award winners St Kilda Football Club players Essendon Football Club players Western Bulldogs players Living people 1956 births Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state)	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Max%20Crow
The eye splice is a method of creating a permanent loop (an "eye") in the end of a rope by means of rope splicing. The Flemish eye is a type of circular loop at the end of a thread. There are several techniques of creating the eye with its knot tied back to the line, rope or wire. Techniques There are various splicing techniques, and relate to whether a rope is braided or plaited, whether it has a core and whether the core is made of high-performance fibers. Techniques include: Eye splice in three-strand rope Eye splice in eight-strand rope Eye splice in single braided (hollow braid) rope Eye splice in double braided rope with polyester or nylon fiber core Eye splice in rope with braided cover and a laid core Eyes splice in rope with braided cover and parallel fibers in the core Eye splice in double braided rope with a high-performance fiber core (e.g. Dyneema, Vectran) In three-strand rope For conventional stranded ropes, the ends of the rope are tucked (plaited) back into the standing end to form the loop. Three tucks are the minimum for natural fibers, five tucks are necessary for synthetics. Variations of this more traditional eye splice include: Round eyesplice used with round thimbles Lever's eyesplice (aka. pro eyesplice) used with teardrop thimbles Liverpool eyesplice commonly used on wire rope The ends of the rope are first wrapped in tape or heated with a flame to prevent each end from fraying completely. The rope is untwisted for a distance equal to three times the diameter for each "tuck", e.g., for five tucks in half inch rope, undo about 7.5 inches. Wrap the rope at that point to prevent it unwinding further. Form the loop and plait the three ends back against the twist of the rope. Practice is required to keep each end to retain its twist and lie neatly. In stiff old rope or in new rope which has been tightly wound, a marlinspike or fid can facilitate opening up the strands and threading each end. In some cases, the splice is tapered by trimming the working strands after each tuck. Also, the splice can be whipped to protect and strengthen the splice. A rope thimble can be inserted in the eye to prevent chafing if the eye is to be permanently attached to a fixture (used when attaching a rope to a chain, for example). In eight-strand rope An eight-strand rope consists of two left-twisting and two right-twisting pairs. Make sure the left-twisting strands are fed below left-twisting strands, and right-twisting strands below the right-twisting ones. Work systematically with different tape colours to keep from getting lost in the mess of strands. An eight-strand square plaited rope can be used as mooring line or anchor rode. In single braided rope This technique is mostly used for Dyneema ropes. The principle of a Dyneema eye is a core-to-core splice, in which a length of at least 60 times the diameter of the rope is taken back into itself. DSM advises using 60 times the diameter for coated Dyneema, and 100 times the diameter for uncoated Dyneema. For 6mm coated rope, this would mean 36 cm. Under tension the rope will pull into itself tightly, which produces a strong eye. One can pull out the eye when the rope is not under tension, unless one makes a lock-splice (also called brummel splice). In double braided rope with polyester or nylon fiber core In ropes with a polyester (or nylon) core, both the core and the cover are needed for strength. In rope with braided cover and a laid core Splicing a rope with a laid core is usually more complicated than double braided polyester ropes. One needs more force to take the rope back into itself because there is often less room between the core and the cover. In rope with braided cover and parallel fibers in the core A rope with parallel fibers in the core often has a tight inner cover to keep the fibers together. This splice is similar to the one for double braided polyester ropes; the main difference is that one cannot take the cover back in to the core because the fibers go through the core. Instructions are published in Splicing Modern Ropes (a practical handbook) In double braided rope with high-performance fiber core For ropes with a core of high-performance fibers (such as aramid fibers or Dyneema or Vectran) only the core determines the strength. The cover can be used optionally in the eye splice, for example, to add UV protection (for aramid fibers, such as Kevlar). Dyneema is very UV resistant and the cover is not needed. For these ropes, one could make an eye splice in the single braided core and leave the cover unused. There are ropes with an extra double layer cover; this is basically the same splice as for double braided except that the inner cover first needs to be removed over the length of the splice. Splicing tools Depending on the type of splice and rope, there is a variety of tools available such as hollow fids, pulling needles and traditional splicing fids. Make sure to also have a marker, splicing tape, measuring tape and a knife or scissors at hand. Often a hammer and winch are used as well for tougher splices. Advantages An inch of good splice will hold 1 ton. The eye splice has several advantages. The most notable is the permanence of the loop. An equally important advantage is the lack of stress it puts on the rope. Splices average 25-40% of rope strength decay, which is low compared to even the strongest knots. Literature and reference sources typically attribute only a 5% strength decay for a properly tied splice. Technically, a perfectly tied splice retains 100% of the original strength of the rope but in practice this is rarely the case. Destructive testing of rope in manufacturing facilities makes use of a professional and spliced eyes for connecting the rope to the testing apparatus. Alternatives The bowline is a quick, practical method of forming a loop in the end of a piece of rope. However, the bowline has an awkward tendency to shake undone when not loaded. The bowline also reduces the strength of the rope at the knot to ~45% of the original unknotted strength. See also List of knots Swaged sleeve Wall and crown knot References External links Splices	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eye%20splice
Jackson Memorial High School is a four-year comprehensive public high school serving students in ninth through twelfth grades in Jackson Township, in Ocean County, in the U.S. state of New Jersey, opened in 1963 as part of the Jackson School District. It is the sister high school of Jackson Liberty High School, which opened in late summer 2006. As of the 2021–22 school year, the school had an enrollment of 1,568 students and 108.8 classroom teachers (on an FTE basis), for a student–teacher ratio of 14.4:1. There were 194 students (12.4% of enrollment) eligible for free lunch and 76 (4.8% of students) eligible for reduced-cost lunch. History Before the high school opened, students living in Jackson attended Lakewood High School as part of a sending/receiving relationship. Jackson High School first opened in September 1963 with 700 students in grades 7-9, though other district school facilities were used on a temporary basis as the building that housed Jackson Junior-Senior High School wasn't completed and opened to students until the spring of 1964. The school was originally a single, one story building with three wings. Around 1970, a second story was added to one wing. In the 1980s, it was expanded to include the nearby middle school which became known as the Clayton building. The original high school building was known as the memorial building in the early 1990s; later it was renamed the Bernie Reider Hall, for a longtime wrestling coach and former principal. The Fine Arts building, added , connects the once separate Clayton building, previously a middle school, and the two-story Bernie Reider Hall. Awards, recognition and rankings The school was the 115th-ranked public high school in New Jersey out of 339 schools statewide in New Jersey Monthly magazine's September 2014 cover story on the state's "Top Public High Schools", using a new ranking methodology. The school had been ranked 188th in the state of 328 schools in 2012, after being ranked 181st in 2010 out of 322 schools listed. The magazine ranked the school 216th in the magazine's September 2008 issue, which surveyed 316 schools across the state. Schooldigger.com ranked the school 166th out of 381 public high schools statewide in its 2011 rankings (a decrease of 22 positions from the 2010 ranking) which were based on the combined percentage of students classified as proficient or above proficient on the mathematics (80.8%) and language arts literacy (94.1%) components of the High School Proficiency Assessment (HSPA). Athletics The Jackson Memorial High School Jaguars compete in Division A South of the Shore Conference, an athletic conference comprised of public and private high schools in Monmouth and Ocean counties along the Jersey Shore. The league operates under the jurisdiction of the New Jersey State Interscholastic Athletic Association (NJSIAA). With 1,186 students in grades 10-12, the school was classified by the NJSIAA for the 2019–20 school year as Group IV for most athletic competition purposes, which included schools with an enrollment of 1,060 to 5,049 students in that grade range. The school was classified by the NJSIAA as Group IV South for football for 2022–2024, which included schools with 893 to 1,296 students. The school participates in a joint ice hockey team with Point Pleasant Borough High School in which Jackson Liberty High School is the host school / lead agency. The co-op program operates under agreements scheduled to expire at the end of the 2023–24 school year. Jackson is a powerhouse in many sports and its key rivals are Southern Regional, Toms River South, Toms River North, Toms River East, Brick Memorial and Brick Township. Baseball Team championships Ocean County Tournament champions - 1972, 2012, 2015 Shore Conference Tournament champions - 1984, 2012 South Jersey Group IV sectional champions - 2002, 2010, 2014 State champions - 1972 (in Group III, with a 2-1 win against runner-up Summit High School led by future MLB player Willie Wilson) and 2014 (in Group IV, with a 2-0 win vs. Roxbury High School) Girls basketball Team championships Group IV state champions - 2012 (with a 50-47 win vs. North Hunterdon High School in the finals) Boys bowling Team championships 1975-1976 Overall state champions 2010-2011 South Jersey Group IV sectional champions 2010-2011 Group IV state champions 2011-2012 South Jersey Group IV sectional champions 2011-2012 Group IV state champions 2012-2013 South Jersey Group IV sectional champions 2012-2013 Group IV state champions Individual champions Mike Ormsby - 2013 individual state champion Donald Kane - 2013 South Jersey individual state sectional champion Mike Ormsby - 2011 South Jersey individual state sectional champion 2022 Group III state champion Girls bowling Team championships 1975 Overall state champion 1978 Overall state champion 2015 Group IV state champion Boys cross country Team championships State sectional champions - 2006 Meet of Champions winners - 2006 2006-2007 New Jersey state champions Central Jersey Group IV Champions - 2006, 2007 Girls cross country Team championships Central Jersey Group IV Champions - 2004, 2005 Football Team championships South Jersey Group IV sectional champions - 2000 (finishing 12-0 after a 14-7 overtime win against Shawnee High School in overtime) and 2001 (with a 12-0 record after a 24-0 win vs. Cherokee High School in the finals) Central Jersey Group IV sectional champions - 2005 (finishing 12-0 after a 30-28 win vs. Brick Memorial High School on a last-second touchdown), 2014 and 2015. Ice hockey Team championships Handchen Cup - 2017 Indoor relay Team championships Girls champion Group IV - 2003, 2005; Group III - 2016 Boys soccer Team championships South Jersey Group IV sectional champions - 1990 New Jersey Group IV state champions - 1990 (defeating Kearny High School by a score of 4-0, to finish the season 22-1) Boys spring track Team championships 2009-2010 Ocean County champions Girls spring track Team championships 2006 Group IV state champion Boys winter track Team championships 2010 Group III state champions 2010 Central Jersey Group III sectional champions Girls winter track Team championships Group IV state championship - 2005, 2006 Wrestling Team championships Central Jersey Group IV state sectional champions - 2004-2007, 2010, 2011, 2015-2017, 2019. Group IV state champion - 2007, 2010, 2011 Marching band The school's marching band won the US Bands State and National Championships in 2017, and traveled down to Orlando, Florida to march down Main Street in Disney's Magic Kingdom in the spring of 2017. Their current show is entitled "La Fiesta Brava". The Jackson Memorial Jaguar Band has performed at many events including: 2013 New Year's Day (Tournament of Roses Parade) in Pasadena Presidential Inaugural Parade for George W. Bush, Cherry Blossom Parade: Washington DC, Philadelphia Thanksgiving Day Parade, NYC St. Patrick's Day Parade, D-Day Invasion Ceremony: Normandy-France, Hula Bowl Halftime and pregame: Waikiki-Hawaii, 4 Ticker Tape parades for the New York Yankees, 2 Ticker Tape parades for the New York Giants (NFL), Opening Night performance for "42nd Street": Ford Theater-NYC, Opening Night performance for "The Music Man" NYC, Performance at the Funeral of Levon Helm: Woodstock-NY, Conan O'Brien: 10th Anniversary Special, Radio City Music Hall: Performance for Dolly Parton The Jackson Jaguar Marching Band won the USBands Group 6A National Championship Title in 2013 with a score of 96.3, their first national championship. They won first place in the percussion and music category then second in colorguard, general effect, and marching. Administration Kevin DiEugenio is the principal of Jackson Memorial High School. His core administration team includes three assistant principals. Notable alumni Scotty Cranmer (born 1987), professional BMX rider who has won nine X Games medals (2015). Joey DeZart (born 1998), professional soccer player who currently plays as a midfielder for Orlando City in Major League Soccer. Erin Gleason (born 1977), short track speed skater who competed in three events at the 1998 Winter Olympics. Anthony Stolarz (born 1994, class of 2012), professional ice hockey goaltender for the Edmonton Oilers. Tom Tarver, quarterback who played for the Rutgers University Scarlet Knights, after leading Jackson Memorial to a 32-7 record during his high school career. Matt Thaiss (born 1995, class of 2013), first round pick in the 2016 MLB Draft by the Los Angeles Angels. Zakk Wylde (born 1967), guitarist for Ozzy Osbourne and Black Label Society (1985). E. J. Nduka (born 1988), former WWE superstar. References Sources Erbe, E. Robert (1999). Cranberries, Coops, and Courts: A History of Jackson Township. External links Jackson Memorial High School Jackson School District School Data for the Jackson School District, National Center for Education Statistics Day in the Life: Jackson Memorial High School from the Asbury Park Press DigitalSports Jackson Memorial Homepage 1963 establishments in New Jersey Educational institutions established in 1963 Jackson Township, New Jersey Public high schools in Ocean County, New Jersey	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jackson%20Memorial%20High%20School
Kathrin Neimke (18 July 1966 in Magdeburg, Saxony-Anhalt) is a German track and field athlete. During the 1980s and 1990s, she was one of the world's best in the shot put. Until 1990 she represented East Germany. She won two Olympic medals, the first a silver medal at the 1988 Summer Olympics in Seoul, and the second a bronze at the 1992 Summer Olympics in Barcelona. Neimke represented SC Magdeburg and trained with Klaus Schneider. She is 1.80 meters tall and during her active career she weighed 95 kilograms. She has a degree in sales and at the end of her sporting career she had a job as reproduction photographer at a daily newspaper. After that she went to the Saxony-Anhalt police. International competitions References 1966 births Living people Sportspeople from Magdeburg East German female shot putters German female shot putters Olympic athletes for East Germany Athletes (track and field) at the 1988 Summer Olympics Olympic athletes for Germany Athletes (track and field) at the 1992 Summer Olympics Athletes (track and field) at the 1996 Summer Olympics World Athletics Championships medalists European Athletics Championships medalists World Athletics Championships athletes for East Germany World Athletics Championships athletes for Germany Medalists at the 1992 Summer Olympics Medalists at the 1988 Summer Olympics Olympic silver medalists for East Germany Olympic bronze medalists for Germany Olympic silver medalists in athletics (track and field) Olympic bronze medalists in athletics (track and field) Universiade medalists in athletics (track and field) Universiade silver medalists for East Germany World Athletics Indoor Championships winners Medalists at the 1987 Summer Universiade People from Bezirk Magdeburg SC Magdeburg athletes	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kathrin%20Neimke
In finance, mainly for financial services firms, economic capital (ecap) is the amount of risk capital, assessed on a realistic basis, which a firm requires to cover the risks that it is running or collecting as a going concern, such as market risk, credit risk, legal risk, and operational risk. It is the amount of money that is needed to secure survival in a worst-case scenario. Firms and financial services regulators should then aim to hold risk capital of an amount equal at least to economic capital. Typically, economic capital is calculated by determining the amount of capital that the firm needs to ensure that its realistic balance sheet stays solvent over a certain time period with a pre-specified probability. Therefore, economic capital is often calculated as value at risk. The balance sheet, in this case, would be prepared showing market value (rather than book value) of assets and liabilities. The first accounts of economic capital date back to the ancient Phoenicians, who took rudimentary tallies of frequency and severity of illnesses among rural farmers to gain an intuition of expected losses in productivity. These calculations were advanced by correlations to climate change, political outbreaks, and birth rate change. The concept of economic capital differs from regulatory capital in the sense that regulatory capital is the mandatory capital the regulators require to be maintained while economic capital is the best estimate of required capital that financial institutions use internally to manage their own risk and to allocate the cost of maintaining regulatory capital among different units within the organization. In social science In social science, economic capital is distinguished in relation to other types of capital which may not necessarily reflect a monetary or exchange-value. These forms of capital include natural capital, cultural capital and social capital; the latter two represent a type of power or status that an individual can attain in a capitalist society via formal education or through social ties. Non-economic forms of capital have been variously discussed most famously by sociologist Pierre Bourdieu. See also Asset allocation Basel I Basel II Capital structure Financial risk management Financial services conglomerate RAROC, risk-adjusted return on capital RORAC, return on risk-adjusted capital Solvency II References External links FDIC.gov, Economic Capital and the Assessment of Capital Adequacy Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation BIS.org, "Basel Committee, Bank for International Settlements" Economic Capital - A Preamble CEIOPS" Actuarial science Financial risk	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economic%20capital
Trachyandesite is an extrusive igneous rock with a composition between trachyte and andesite. It has little or no free quartz, but is dominated by sodic plagioclase and alkali feldspar. It is formed from the cooling of lava enriched in alkali metals and with an intermediate content of silica. The term trachyandesite had begun to fall into disfavor by 1985 but was revived to describe extrusive igneous rocks falling into the S3 field of the TAS classification. These are divided into sodium-rich benmoreite and potassium-rich latite. Trachyandesitic magma can produce explosive Plinian eruptions, such as happened at Tambora in 1815. The Eyjafjallajökull 2010 eruption (VEI-4), which disrupted European and transatlantic air travel from 14–18 October 2010, for some time was dominated by trachyandesite. Petrology Trachyandesite is characterized by a silica content near 58% and a total alkali oxide content near 9%. This places trachyandesite in the S3 field of the TAS diagram. When it is possible to identify the minerals present, trachyandesite is characterized by a high content of sodic plagioclase, typically andesine, and contains at least 10% alkali feldspar. Common mafic accessory minerals are amphibole, biotite or pyroxene. Small amounts of nepheline may be present and apatite is a common accessory mineral. Trachyandesite is not a recognized rock type in the QAPF classification, which is based on the actual mineral content. However, latite is recognized in this classification, while benmoreite would likely fall into either the latite or the andesite fields. Trachyandesite magmas can have a relatively high sulfur content, and their eruption can inject great quantities of sulfur into the stratosphere. The sulfur may take the form of anhydrite phenocrysts in the magma. The 1982 El Chichón eruption produced trachyandesite pumice rich in anhydrite, and released 2.2 × 107 metric tons of sulfur. Varieties Sodium-rich trachyandesite (with %Na2O > %K2O + 2) is called benmoreite, while the more potassic form is called latite. Feldspathoid-bearing latite is sometimes referred to as tristanite. Basaltic trachyandesite is transitional to basalt and likewise comes in two varieties, mugearite (sodium-rich) and shoshonite (potassium-rich). Occurrence Trachyandesite is a member of the alkaline magma series, in which alkaline basaltic magma experiences fractional crystallization while still underground. This process removes calcium, magnesium, and iron from the magma. As a result, trachyandesite is common wherever alkali magma is erupted, including late eruptions of oceanic islands and in continental rift valleys and mantle plumes. Trachyandesite is found in the Yellowstone area as part of the Absaroka Volcanic Supergroup, and has been erupted in arc volcanism in Mesoamerica and at Mount Tambora. References External links Photomicrograph of a thin section of trachyandesite from France, in crossed-polarised light Intermediate rocks Volcanic rocks	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trachyandesite
Four Peaks () is a prominent landmark on the eastern skyline of Phoenix. Part of the Mazatzal Mountains, it is located in the Four Peaks Wilderness in the Tonto National Forest, east-northeast of Phoenix. In winter, Four Peaks offers much of the Phoenix metro area a view of snow-covered peaks. Four Peaks is the site of an amethyst mine that produces top-grade amethyst. The name Four Peaks is a reference to the four distinct peaks of a north–south ridge forming the massif's summit. The northernmost peak is named Brown's Peak and is the tallest of the four at . It is the highest point in Maricopa County. The remaining summits have no official names, and from north to south are , and in elevation. Four Peaks Wilderness The Four Peaks Wilderness, established in 1984, covers 60,740 acres of land. It is home to a diverse variety of plants and animals due to the quick change of elevation in the range. Brown's Trail, found in the Four Peaks Wilderness, is used to reach the tallest peak and is home to black bears, ring-tailed cats, skunks, and coyotes. The Four Peaks Wilderness contains a section of the Arizona Trail, which is considered one of the most difficult passages, as it is infrequently maintained. On April 27, 1996, a party of two campers left a campfire unattended near Lone Pine Saddle. This caused the Lone Fire which burned over 61,000 acres and lasted 11 days. The Lone fire was Arizona's largest recorded wildfire prior to the Rodeo–Chediski Fire in 2002. References External links "Four Peaks Wilderness". Tonto National Forest. Landforms of Gila County, Arizona Landforms of Maricopa County, Arizona Mountains of Arizona Mountains of Gila County, Arizona	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Four%20Peaks
Zhou Cang is a fictional character in the 14th-century Chinese historical novel Romance of the Three Kingdoms. Story A strong warrior with a dark face and a wiry beard, Zhou Cang gets caught up in the Yellow Turban Rebellion towards the end of the Eastern Han dynasty and joins the rebels. It is during this time that he first meets Guan Yu, who impresses him with his courage and sense of honour. However, after the rebellion is crushed by Han imperial forces, Zhou Cang becomes a renegade bandit. He inhabits Mount Woniu with another former Yellow Turban rebel, Pei Yuanshao, and becomes known as a warrior of great strength and skill. After encountering Guan Yu again on a mountain road, he swears an oath of allegiance to the worthy general and is appointed as Guan Yu's weapon bearer. A skilled boatman, his talents are critical in Guan Yu's naval assault during the Battle of Fancheng. At Fancheng, he manages to capture the enemy general Pang De during the flooding of the castle. He commits suicide after learning that Guan Yu and Guan Ping have been captured and executed by Sun Quan's forces. Legacy Zhou Cang sometimes appears as a door god partnered with Guan Yu in Chinese and Taoist temples. He also sometimes accompanies Guan Yu in his role as a war god, alongside Guan Yu's adopted (historically biological) son Guan Ping. Zhou Cang's face is portrayed as coal black, in contrast to Guan Yu's red and Guan Ping's white. See also Lists of people of the Three Kingdoms List of fictional people of the Three Kingdoms References Luo, Guanzhong (14th century). Romance of the Three Kingdoms (Sanguo Yanyi). Fictional people of the Three Kingdoms Guan Yu Chinese gods	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhou%20Cang
Vernon Anthony "Touchdown Tony" Baker (February 16, 1945 – August 9, 1998) was an American professional football player who was a running back in the National Football League (NFL). He played from 1968 to 1975, and played for the New Orleans Saints, the Philadelphia Eagles, the Los Angeles Rams, and finally, the San Diego Chargers, and had one Pro Bowl appearance, in 1969. Football career Baker graduated from Burlington Community High School in 1963, earning a scholarship to Iowa State University the following year, where he would graduate in 1966. He then played semi-pro ball for a season and a half with the Des Moines Warriors of the Professional Football League of America, before being discovered by a talent scout for the New Orleans Saints. He would sign a contract with the Saints, and begin his NFL career the following year, making an appearance in the Pro Bowl in his second season. It was during this rookie season that sports broadcaster Howard Cosell gave him the nickname Touchdown Tony. He would end his career in 1975, playing with the San Diego Chargers as a backup. Death On August 10, 1998, Baker was killed in a car accident on U.S. Route 61, approximately north of Burlington, Iowa following a high school class reunion. He was buried in Aspen Grove Cemetery in Burlington, next to his mother, with many of his old NFL teammates in attendance. His burial plot was chosen by his family with two trees in the distance appearing as though they were goalpost uprights. A misprint on his headstone has him named Vernon G. Baker, instead of Vernon A. Baker. References 1945 births 1998 deaths People from Burlington, Iowa American football running backs Iowa State Cyclones football players New Orleans Saints players Philadelphia Eagles players Los Angeles Rams players San Diego Chargers players Eastern Conference Pro Bowl players Road incident deaths in Iowa	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tony%20Baker%20%28running%20back%2C%20born%201945%29
Emiliano Moretti (; born 11 June 1981) is an Italian former professional footballer who played as a centre back. He began his career at Lodigiani and was signed by Fiorentina in 1998. In March 2001 he made his debut in Serie A under Roberto Mancini, before spending periods at Juventus, Modena, Parma and Bologna. In 2004, he was signed by Spaniards Valencia, where he won the Copa del Rey in 2007–08. In 2009, he returned to Italy where he spent four seasons with Genoa. In August 2013, he was signed by Torino, where he remained until his retirement in 2019, having collected over 600 career appearances at club level. Internationally, Moretti represented Italy at under-16 and under-20 youth levels. He was also part of the under-21 team that won the UEFA European Under-21 Championship and a bronze medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics. On 18 November 2014, at the age of 33, he became the oldest player to debut for the Italy national football team, playing as a starter in a friendly against Albania. In total, he collected 2 appearances for Italy at senior level between 2014 and 2015. Club career Early career Moretti started his career with local club Lodigiani, and in 1998 transferred to Fiorentina. He made his Serie A debut in March 2001, and was a member of the team that won the 2001 Coppa Italia. In the 2001–02 season, he played in 27 matches. Right before the Fiorentina bankruptcy, Moretti moved to Juventus in June 2002 for a fee of €2.6 million, and was loaned to Modena to help them avoid relegation. In 2003, Parma signed Moretti for €1.8 million (part of Stephen Appiah's €2 million loan), loaning him to Serie A team Bologna. In 2004, with Parma facing financial problems and Claudio Ranieri becoming head coach of Valencia, the left defender was traded to Valencia. Valencia In the summer of 2004 he was transferred outright to Spanish club Valencia, who had already purchased fellow Italians Bernardo Corradi, Marco Di Vaio and Stefano Fiore. On 27 August, while remaining on the bench, he was part of the team that won the UEFA Super Cup, beating Porto 2–1. Claudio Ranieri would use Moretti predominantly at left-back, and, despite a difficult start due to competition with Fábio Aurélio and compatriot Amedeo Carboni, would soon earn the starting spot. He scored his first goal for Valencia on 28 November 2004 in the Primera División in a 2–0 home win against Mallorca. In the Champions League he played 4 games against Inter Milan, Werder Bremen and Anderlecht, with 29 appearances during the season. The following season, he was a starter, making 33 appearances and a decisive contribution to the achievement of a third-place finish. At the beginning of the following season, on 6 November 2006, in the match against Espanyol, Moretti was seriously injured, damaging his lateral ligament of the knee, forcing him to the sidelines for more than three months. Despite the injury, the season remained one of the most important on a personal level and as a team, which reached the quarter-finals of the Champions League, defeated only by Chelsea. Moretti ended the year with 34 total appearances. The 2007–08 season was not as positive, which concluded with Valencia tenth. Moretti remained a protagonist of the side, leading to Valencia's victory on 16 April 2008 in the 2008 Copa del Rey Final, playing all the matches from the initial stage to the final. The following season, he was still a starter in the Spanish side, which reached the first knockout round of the UEFA Cup, which concludes the year sixth place in the Primera División. Moretti disputed 32 games. Genoa After 172 appearances and 4 goals with the Spanish club, he returned to Italy to play for Genoa, engaged in the Europa League. The transfer fee was €3.5 million, according to Genoa. He made his debut for Genoa on 23 August 2009, a 3–2 victory at home against Roma. A week later he scored his first goal in red and blue colours against Atalanta. His first season with the Grifoni finished with 37 appearances and 1 goal in total. The following year, he only made 18 appearances under Gian Piero Gasperini, while the team finished the season in tenth place. The 2011–12 season is even more difficult for the team, and despite 27 appearances and a goal (against Inter Milan), Genoa finished in fourth last position. He was confirmed part of the Genoa defence for the 2012–13 season, contributing 33 total appearances. On 5 May 2013, he celebrated his hundredth appearances in Serie A with the shirt of Genoa, on the occasion of a match ending 4–1 against Pescara. Torino After being close to a renewal with Genoa, on 11 July 2013 he was signed by Torino on a free transfer, on a two-year contract. He made his competitive debut for the Granata on 17 August, in Coppa Italia against Pescara. He scored his first official goal for Torino on 24 December in a 4–1 win against Catania. At the end of the season he extended his contract until 2016. On 25 January 2015, he scored a goal in the 94th minute in which Torino defeated Inter Milan at San Siro after 27 years. It was his second goal for Torino. On 30 August, he scored his first goal of the 2015–16 season, the equaliser in a 3–1 home win against Fiorentina. On 25 November, his contract was renewed until 2017. On 2 April 2017, he scored his first goal of the 2016–17 season in a 2–2 home draw against Udinese. On 5 April, his contract was renewed until 2018. On 26 May 2019, he made his last appearance for Torino and of his football career, coming on as a substitute for Armando Izzo, and helped Torino beat Lazio 3–1 at home, after which he retired from professional football; in total, he collected over 600 career appearances at club level International career Moretti was in Italy's squad in the 1998 UEFA European Under-16 Championship, which the Azzurrini lost to Republic of Ireland in the final. With the under-21, he won the UEFA European Under-21 Football Championship and a bronze medal at the 2004 Summer Olympics football tournament. On 9 November 2014, he was called up to the senior national team by Antonio Conte ahead of a UEFA Euro 2016 qualifying match against Croatia and a friendly against Albania. On 18 November, he was deployed as a starter in Genoa during a 1–0 win against Albania, becoming, at 33 years, 5 months and 7 days, the oldest player to debut for Italy. He made his second and final appearance for Italy a 1–1 friendly draw against England in Turin on 31 March 2015. Style of play A naturally left-footed defender, Moretti was originally an attacking left-back, but throughout his career he has often been used as a central defender. He is noted for his physicality, good positional sense, excellent technique, and ability in the air. Career statistics Club International Honours Fiorentina Coppa Italia: 2000–01 Juventus Supercoppa Italiana: 2002 Serie A: 2002–03 Valencia UEFA Super Cup: 2004 Copa del Rey: 2007–08 Italy U21 UEFA European Under-21 Championship: 2004 Olympic bronze: 2004 Orders 5th Class / Knight: Cavaliere Ordine al Merito della Repubblica Italiana: 2004 References External links FIGC Stats. at Voetbal International Living people 1981 births Footballers from Rome Men's association football fullbacks Italian men's footballers AS Lodigiani players ACF Fiorentina players Juventus FC players Modena FC 2018 players Parma Calcio 1913 players Bologna FC 1909 players Genoa CFC players Torino FC players Valencia CF players Serie A players Serie C players La Liga players Olympic bronze medalists for Italy Olympic footballers for Italy Footballers at the 2004 Summer Olympics Italy men's under-21 international footballers Italian expatriate men's footballers Expatriate men's footballers in Spain Italian expatriate sportspeople in Spain Olympic medalists in football Medalists at the 2004 Summer Olympics Italy men's international footballers Italy men's youth international footballers Knights of the Order of Merit of the Italian Republic	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Emiliano%20Moretti
is a tokusatsu television show that aired from March 2, 1984, to March 8, 1985. It is the last of the "Space Sheriff Series" of the broader Metal Hero Series franchise, the previous two being Space Sheriff Gavan and Space Sheriff Sharivan. Action footage from Shaider was used for Season 2 of VR Troopers. For distribution purposes, Toei refers to this television series as Space Captain Sheider. Plot In college studying archaeology, Dai Sawamura deciphers the symbols of the Nazca Lines in Peru. Impressed by this feat, the recruit and train him to be Earth's third Space Sheriff. He's given the code name Shaider in memory of an ancient warrior who defeated Emperor Kubilai and brought down his Fuuma Empire 12,000 years ago. When Fuuma returns, Dai is deputized as he returns to Earth to battle Fuuma. Characters Vavilos Crew , serves as the headquarters of Shaider and Annie as it circles around the Earth. In combat, Vavilos can fire the from its wings. Whenever Shaider enters the Fushigi Dimension (known as "Time Space Warp" in the Philippines) and encounters a giant Fuuma gunship, he summons Vavilos, commanding it to transform either into a giant gun called the Big Magnum or a giant robot called the Vavilos Robot, whose chest emits a giant laser beam called Vavilos Fire, fires Vavilos Lasers from its hands, can catch the Fuuma Gunship's missiles and throw it back towards the Gunship and can shoot Vavilos Missiles. A former archaeologist, he continued his astronomer father's research into studying the Nazca images and manages to track the meaning behind it from Peru to Easter Island. There, Dai uncovers an altar that knocks himself unconscious. Finding himself on Planet Bird, Dai becomes Space Sheriff Shaider for managing to solve the missing item. Eventually learning of the warrior Shaider and his presumed relation, Dai realizes his fate is to finish his ancestor's duty by putting an end to Fuuma. When Fuuma managed to take over most of the Universe, Dai learns the altar is actually an entrance to where headless body of Kubilai was sealed along with Kubilai's weak point. Though sealed in by Poe with a limited amount of oxygen, Shaider manages to escape and fight his way through the Fushigi Castle to save Annie before fighting Kubilai and won against the fiend. With his mission on Earth over, Dai decides to take Annie around the world. When he transforms with the command , He is bathed with Plasma Blue Energy emitted from Vavilos to form his armor within milliseconds. As Shaider, he uses the Laser Blade sword in his signature move Shaider Blue Flash or the Video Beam Gun in conjunction with Shaider Scope scanner to track down invisible foes. His own blues include, Shaider Punch, Shaider Kick, and Blue Flash Spark. Dai's girlfriend, whose homeworld of Mount was annihilated by Fuuma. She requested to be assigned to Earth with Dai, with intentions of vengeance. She usually drives a yellow Mazda RX-7 FB to patrol the streets or arrive at the scene of a battle, using a Laser Shot sidearm in battle. In the crossover special, Dai Reveals to Retsu and Den that she is In Egypt studying Archaeology. During the events of Shaider: Next Generation, she is the doctor in a clinic who assisted Shu Karasuma (the new Shaider) by removing the marvel beast Pitapita's unbreakable marvel gel that bound him to its hostage. Arsenal A multi-part tank that splits into the , a fighter jet that fires and the , a drill tank that it contains to attack enemy arsenals on the ground, or underground, rescuing people enslaved by Fuuma in the process. It is also equipped with a . A Suzuki motorcycle that serves as Shaider's vehicle to enter the "Strange Realm" in order to chase Fuuma's Strange Beasts. Capable of shooting and . On VR Troopers, the Blue Hawk is the name of the jet-fighter used by Ryan Steele, while the motorcycle he uses is called the Nitro Cycle. Suzuki SJ A stock Suzuki mini-SUV with Jimny livery and spare tire cover design, which Dai uses to patrol in plain clothes. Essentially the same vehicle used in Space Sheriff Gavan, only in blue instead of red. Mazda RX-7 Savanna FB A yellow sports car which Annie uses to patrol in plain clothes. Earth Carrying over from Sharivan and Gavan, Kojiro now runs a pet shop where owns a pig named Tonko. He doubles as a teacher, giving Dai a place to stay after learning of his past and (once again) unaware of his dual identity. He has feelings for Annie. Kojiro's teenage assistant, living with her father and younger brother . Hiroyuki A student under Oyama. A student under Oyama. A student under Oyama. A student under Oyama. Mio A student under Oyama. A student under Oyama who is Rumi's sister. An ancient warrior from the stars who drove Kubilai from Earth and demolished the , remaining on Earth for the rest of his days and fathering a line that presumably leads to Dai, the current Shaider. Warrior Shaider's ideals were also the foundation of the Galactic Union Patrol. Galactic Union Police (1, 4, 8, 17-21, 28, 32, 35, 41, 44, 45, 47 and 48) He is the commander of Galactic Union Patrol and the father of Mimi. ( 1, 4, 8, 14, 17-21, 28, 32, 35, 41, 44, 45, 47 and 48) She is Commander Qom's assistant. She is the daughter of Commander Com, formerly Gavan's assistant and now his fiancée. She is a teacher at the Space Sheriff School. She asks Shaider to take Annie with him to Earth. After the final battle against Fuuma, she marries Gavan. The captain of Galactic Union Patrol. He battles Fuuma to defend the Bird Planet. After the battle against Fuuma, he announces his marriage to Mimi. He is a Space Sheriff from Iga Planet and helps defend that planet from Fuuma attack. Ullu (1) He has a face like a squirrel, Dai's classmate and friend who was deputized in response to Fuuma's war declaration. He was killed when Fuuma attacks his home planet during the Great Invasion. Kitz (1) He has a face like a bird, Dai's classmate and friend who was deputized in response to Fuuma's war declaration. He was killed when Fuuma attacks his home planet during the Great Invasion. Andro (1) Dai's classmate and friend who was deputized in response to Fuuma's war declaration. He is killed when Fuuma attacks his home planet during the Great Invasion. (41) A cheery journalist from Planet Bird who, against the wishes of her father, the president, heads to Earth to write about the Space Sheriffs and Fuuma. However, crashing into the Fuuma fortress by mistake, Vivian is used in the villains' plan to destroy Vavilos. In the process, due to Pairpair, Vivian falls in love with Shaider to Annie's dismay. Fushigi World Fuuma is a religion from the Mayan Pyramid-like Fushigi Palace in the Fushigi Dimension, a subspace made of atomic particles that reaches temperatures around 6,000 degrees Celsius. The residents of this realm revere Kubilai as a god while carrying out his intent of conquering the universe through psychological attacks on many planets, destroying worlds like Gao, Omega, Mind, Gor, Marine, and Mount before targeting Earth to establish the second Mu Empire. Their airforce includes mini-carriage-like fighter jets and battleships with frowning face plates. Eventually, on Kubilai's birthday, Fuuma celebrates by systematically destroying every planet while pressing hard on their goal to conquer Earth. But once Kubilai is killed, Fuuma disbands as the palace self-destructs just as they nearly dominated the entire universe. (also known as Fuuma Lei-Ar in the Philippine dub). The three red-eyed former rulers of the , Kubilai corrupted the hearts and minds of humanity long ago until the warrior Shaider came and slaughtered his son Rahu and daughter-in-law and vanquished the evils of the world. Losing his snake-armed body in the process, Kubilai was reduced to a giant, golden head, and he embedded himself in the wall of the Fuuma Palace's throne room where he rules Fuuma while a new robotic body was being built for him. When he found the resting place of his ancient foe and the prison holding his body, Kubilai went to great lengths to ensure his weakness, his third eye, would not be revealed. When Shaider storms his palace, Kubilai unveils his robot body and takes Shaider into the Fushigi Dimension for an epic final battle. After detaching from his robot body, Kubilai meets his end when Shaider plunged his Laser Blade into Kubilai's third eye and then used Shaider's Blue Flash to finish him. (47) Sealed within the Eastern cave where Dai found the ruins by the Warrior Shaider, Kubilai's headless body grew several more tentacled limbs with one-eyed snake-like heads on the ends and an eye protruding from its neck. When Dai broke the seal to find the means to stop Kubilai's head, he unwittingly revived the body, and he hunts Shaider to take out his pent-up rage on. Managing to trick the body into the cave's entrance in order to blind it, Shaider manages to blow off all of his tendrils and then defeat the body with the Shaider Blue Flash before it could regenerate. The monster managed to mock Shaider when he is trapped in the chamber before being killed for good. Kubilai's 15,000-year-old grandkid who serves as advisor and strategist, wearing elegant white robes with a horned, immense oval-shaped headdress and the "Sky Cutter" scepter through which they shoot blue beams from its core. As a high priest with telekinetic abilities, Poe presides over the Fushigi Beast birth and Fushigi Dimension Generation ceremonies. Poe also drinks an elixir made somehow from young girls and Kubilai's energy every 500 years to maintain their youthful appearance or their face assumes its actual corpse-like appearance and they would die. Having nightmares about the Nazca images, yet soothed by a mark on their staff, Poe wanted to find out the meaning behind it. It was only after Kubilai reveals the full story to them that Poe becomes more determined to kill Shaider to the point of taking part in later attacks on Shaider to avenge their parents and Mu. After Hessler and Girls 1 and 3 die, Poes arrives on Easter Island to go all out in killing Shaider through their "Phantom Showtime" torture with the aid of the remaining Girls and the Beasts. However, Shaider manages to escape the trap, though Poe later destroys the entrance to the prison of Kubilai's Body to trap Shaider. When Kubilai is killed, Poe loses the means to stay young and fades away into nothingness alongside the Beasts. (1-45) A sword-wielding field operative in black armor. Hessler oversees the attacks on Earth. He is a proud yet easily irritated warrior. Though he encouraged Himley to fight alongside him, Hessler started to regret the decision when Girls 1 and 2 point out to him that his brother might upstage him. Driven by the justified paranoia, Hessler mortally wounds his brother during their fight with Shaider and leaves him to die. After the death of Girl 1, Hessler heads to Eastern Island to confront Shaider as he makes his way to the ruins. Their duel transverses from Easter Island to the Fushigi Dimension where Hessler falls to Shaider's Shaider Blue Flash. A team of five deadly kunoichi trained in the most vicious and dangerous arts of combat led by . The other members include , (1-45), , . They serve under Hessler and battle Shaider and Annie on every Fuuma Mission. While Girl 3 performed a suicide attack at Hessler's command in an attempt to kill Shaider, the remaining members help Po in stopping Shaider from finding out Kubilai's secret. Soon after capturing Annie and Shaider arrives to save her, the three Girls allow Kubilai to devour them into their combined bat form to kill Shaider. (1-44) The black-suited leader of the Girl's Army, Hessler's right hand. On Kubilai's birthday, Girl 1 offers to personally kill Shaider and Annie for her master. To achieve that goal, Girl 1 uses Fuuma science to become a black-armored cyborg with various concealed weapons. However, though her body is destroyed by Shaider, the spell Po cast on her during the operation takes effects as Girl 1's astral self possesses Annie to have her sabotage Vavilos. When Shaider intervenes, Girl 1 becomes tangible battles Shaider as they take their fight into the Fushigi Dimension where her powers are magnified. But in the end, Shaider kills her for good with Video Beam on the source of her life after disrupting her form with Shaider Blue Flash. The low level creatures of Fuuma creatures present in the throne room who sometimes aid in Fuma missions that require them to assume forms. Composed of the child-like flutist , the gray trunked , the insectoid , the pot-bellied , and stone-like . The other member of their group named is fastened to the wall and thus is more of a decoration than an agent of Fuuma. After Kubilai's death, the Beasts faded out of existence along with Poe. The followers of Fuuma who wear Rangda-style masks with big round eyes and fanged mouths armed with hatchets and rifles. They act either as foot soldiers or as pilots for the carriage-shaped aircraft. Shaider occasionally pummels them before going on to fight the Strange Beasts. Destroyed at the end of the series when the fortress crumbled apart and exploded. Fushigi Beasts The are psychedelic, deceptively comical-looking creatures that Kubilai "gives birth" to in the form of pearls called using a special ceremony with the help of Poe. Placed within boiling Fushigi Seawater, the pearl enlarges into a giant egg that Kubilai hatches with his beam. Their naming system is two syllables, then those two syllable repeated. According to Poe in episode 5 they are considered as Kubilai's offspring, not just creations. During a fight with Shaider, a Fushigi Beast retreats into a where it becomes four times more powerful in an attempt to get the upper hand against Shaider along using the realm itself as a weapon. (1) A green and red Fushigi Beast with a Barong-like face, using a spear, and able to roll into a ball. Its powers include super speed, levitation, teleportation, size changing, turning into a giant anemone, an explosive spear, and a sword. It was sent to Earth in order to ensure Fuuma's scheme to using the Fushigi Song to send people into a berserker rage via a pirated broadcast. When Shaider arrives to stop it, Balibali is deployed to deal with him. After Shaider destroys the broadcast source, Balibali escapes into th Fushigi Dimension with the Star Sheriff in pursuit. Balibali tries to kill Shaider in both giant and normal-sized forms before the Star Sheriff destroys it with his Shaider Blue Flash. (2) A hideous canine Fushigi Beast with eyeball bombs and a long tongue. Its powers include a human disguise, emitting the petopeto virus which forces animals to become berserk, explosive boomerangs, a zambatou, a long tongue, teleportation, size changing, choking gas from the mouth, and eye bombs. Petpet assumes the form of a dwarf trumpeter and takes some of the Beasts incognito as a carnival band so they can parade around town while shooting particles from his mouth to drive any animal infected into a crazed carrier that passes the madness into other animals. Managing to track Petpet down with Annie's help, Shaider chases the Fushigi Beast into the Fushigi Dimension where the monster uses the environment to his advantage before Shaider uses his Shaider Blue Flash to destroy Petpet. (3) A green plant monster. Its powers include a halberd with a machine gun, high jumping, invisibility, and choking from the trunk. Girugiru was created in a plan to keep the Star Sheriffs from interfering by exposing Annie to altered delusion-inducing, with Girugiru and the Rare Beasts disguising themselves as the rest of her family to trick her into attacking her partner. Once Annie snaps out of the deception, Shaider chases Girugiru into the Fushigi Dimension and destroys it with Shaider Blue Flash. (4) A purple skull-faced Fushigi Beast with a ram-headed staff, Meromero disguised herself as a witch to lure children with delusions of magic they can be switched with the Beasts posing as them in animal form so that the real children can be turned into loyal animal-human hybrids to manipulate their parents into submission. When Dai gets involved, he manages to find the lab at an amusement park with the aid of Yohko's dog. With Annie providing cover, Shaider manages to restore the mutated children and destroy the lab. As Annie takes the captive children and Yohko to safety, Shaider pursue Meromero into the Fushigi Dimension where it gained the ability to disappear and attack him out of nowhere, but Shaider uses his Shaider Scope to counter before destroying with Shaider Blue Flash. Its powers include a witch and butterfly disguise, a staff with teleportation properties and can emit explosions, retracting into her levitation cloak, invisibility, and telekinesis. (5) An oversized staff-wielding silkworm Fushigi Beast that looks like it is attached to a creature with a goofy looking face. Its powers include mouth webs that can cocoon humans in seconds, a staff with a torch at the end, invisibility, and a sword. Mujimuji is used in a scheme to make hard working people lazy. With the Girl' Army spreading rumors about the monster as an enlightened being, they gathered hard working people to become lazy gluttons before entering a chrysalis state to eventually become worm-like creatures. However, the incident gets Dai's Attention when Girl 1 kidnaps Yohko for a forced conversion after being brushed off. When Annie is captured during her infiltration, Shaider saves her from becoming a chrysalis before fighting Mujimuji as Annie takes his potential victims to safety. Taking the fight to the Fushigi Dimension, Mujimuji overpowers Shaider with its silk attacks until it was destroyed by the Shaider Blue Flash with his victims restore to normal. (6) A food-based Fushigi Beast with a bowl-like hat who creates food and beverages that gives whoever eats it telekinetic powers in a scheme to have the bullied children take revenge on their tormentors. Its powers include teleportation, a high body temperature, a mentally controlled set of an oversized fork and butter knife with explosive properties, and a machine gun in each fork tip. Gokugoku's food was first tested on a depressed child named Shigeru who attacked not only the bullies, but his PE coach and his own family with before collapsing once losing the last of his powers. Shigeru's sudden change catches Dai's attention as Fuuma starts recruiting more bullied kids to cause chaos. Using the cat Shigeru discarded, Dai finds the boy as he is force-fed by the Girls Army. Once having Annie take Shigeru out of harm's way, Shaider battles Gokugoku before they enter the Fushigi Dimension. Using his knife and fork on Shaider, Gokugoku is destroyed by the Shaider Blue Flash. (7) A Fushigi Beast based on the Rose Animal, a proposed giant frog/rose hybrid, who was sent after the biotechnology scientist Dr. Katori to get the data to create actual rose animals to ravage cities. Its powers include a detachable pedal cloak, a throned spear with a machine gun, high jumping, teleportation, size growth, and finger beams. Barabara was only created as a countermeasure when Dai offers to protect Dr. Katori's daughter Ayako when she is targeted when the scientist refused to give the Girls Army his research. After Barabara renders Annie powerless with its rose petals, Fuuma gains the CD holding the Rose Animal data until Shaider arrives and destroys it in the ensuing fight. Fighting Barabara in the Fushigi Dimension, Shaider manages to impale the monster with its own weapon before finishing it off with the Shaider Blue Flash. (8) A green reptilian Fushigi Beast with a mantis-like torso for a head. Its powers include a ringed staff, a human disguise, high jumping, invisibility, telepathic explosions, and can survive decapitation. Kerokero was created help Hessler capture a rebeling teenage girl named Yukari, who is actually the princess of Planet Freyn that sent to Earth during Fuuma's genocide to be safe until she is of proper age to return to her home world with the other survivors and rebuilt it. When Dai and Annie uncover the truth, Yukari refused to believe it and was captured by Fuuma as she runs off when brought to where the earth-bound Freynians are to gather. After saving Yukari, Shaider battles Hesseler's group and Fuuma aircraft before chasing Kerokero into the Fushigi Dimension. After chopping its head off, Shaider destroys Kerokero with the Blue Shaider Flash. Soon after, Yukari finally leaves for Freyn. Note: the Space Sheriff Gavan laser blade theme was used for destroying Kerokero. (9) A Fushigi Beast with bongos on its chest that allow it to teleport and armed with a mallet and twin swords. Its powers include hypnotic bongos for pectorals, holograms, a staff, teleportation, dividing into three guitar ninjas, and a pair of swords. Tamtam's ability to manipulate music is used in a scheme to make the children into Fuuma's devoted servants. Tamtam first uses the music of the brainwashed Blue Boys band and using it to corrupt the minds of the youth. Investigating the concert and unable confirm Fuuma's influence, Dai finds the band. Fuuma then starts the next phrase by ensuring the parents would the Blue Boys Band due to their children flunking, luring the children into a concert with Tamtam and a few Beasts posing as the Blue Boys. However, Dai and Annie crashed the concert, saving the captive audience and the real band. Chasing Tamtam into the Fushigi Dimension, Shaider battles guitarists in gas masks and a giant mallet drumstick before destroying the Fushigi Beast with Shaider Blue Flash. (10) A college professor Fushigi Beast with a large hardback book embedded in its chest. Its powers include telekinesis through music, holograms, a large quill sword armed with a machine gun, size changing, teleportation, and invisibility. Able to manipulate dolls with its music, Paspas targeted children to teach them the Fuumese language and spread it like wildfire. Dai learns of the scheme when he encountered a group children who have no recollection of being out. When Dai starts getting too close, Paspas aid Hessler and Girls Army in attacking him until he escapes in Vavilos. Once the parents finally believe Dai after seeing Paspas' work themselves, he and Annie disguise themselves as stuffed animals to wait out the Fushigi Beast. After gaining access to Paspas' dimension, Shaider made his move. As Annie gets the children to safety, Shaider battles Paspas in the Fushigi Dimension before destroying it with Shaider Blue Flash. (11) A police-themed Fushigi Beast with a cell door as part of its collar and a pinwheel staff. Its powers include teleportation, shrinking objects while placing them in his mouth, high jumping, a five-hooked staff that emits electric surges and has a machine gun, encasing opponents in a glass ball, and size changing. Getogeto is used in a Fuuma scheme to abduct child prodigies to be enhanced for a ten-year plot to conquer Japan incognito. However, Annie manages to allow herself to be captured while in disguise so she can free the kids as Shaider arrives to her location. As Annie takes the children to safety, Shaider pursues Getogeto into the Fushigi Dimension where the Fushigi Beast overpowers with its mirror-themed powers until Shaider destroys it with his Shaider Blue Flash. (12) A robotic Fushigi Beast with a mouth-less humanoid face with wing decorations and a mouth on its chest Its powers include commanding robot children, a staff with a wrench on the end, high jumping, size changing, face flames, summoning three swordsmen with explosive capes and hand rockets, and a machine gun in the scalp. Roborobo was used Fuuma's scheme to supplant children with robotic duplicates and eventually eliminate the real one. When they piece together the plan, they save Genta as he is attacked by his robot double, forcing the robot into its true form as they follow it to Hessler and Roborobo. Pursuing Roborobo into the Fushigi Dimension, Shaider battles the Fushigi Beast and its three phantom-masked warriors before using the Shaider Blue Flash to destroy Roborobo, with all the robot duplicates evaporating as a result. (13) A strongman Fushigi Beast with a trophy-like head, iron weights on his shoulders, and an arsenal of Olympic-themed weapons. Its powers include a large wrecking ball, high jumping, size changing, a gun in the right hand, an explosive ring, speed, teleportation, a pullvolt, invisibility, and a sword. Kotokoto was used in Hessler's scheme to lure promising athletes into an underground gym to make them into Fuuma followers by taking out her competition. When Dai noticed such a change in girl named Haruka, he and Annie managed to find the underground gym break Fuuma's hold over the athletes. As Annie takes the athletes to safety, Shaider pursues Kotokoto to the Fushigi Dimension and splits the monster's head in half with Shaider Blue Flash. (14) A yellow/gold/black-colored dragon-like Fushigi Beast with a large, open, fanged filled fire-spewing mouth above one set of eyes with another set on the sides of its head. Its powers include possession, a cutlass with a machine gun in the tip, high jumping, size changing, mouth flames, invisibility, teleportation, and summoning cross bombs. Guriguri was created to pursue Jimmy Kitahra, who mutated after being exposed to time warp radiation. As Jimmy believed Mariko to be her aunt, his love Kiriko, Fuuma had Guriguri possess her to capture Jimmy in order to duplicate his molecular-bending powers for their plans. However, Shaider intervenes and chases Guriguri into the Fushigi Dimension, stabbing the monster with its own sword before finishing it off with the Shaider Blue Flash. (15) A tusked turtle Fushigi Beast armed with a trident who breathes fire and smoke. Its powers include swimming, high jumping, a trident with a machine gun in each spear, teleportation, summoning a cage, size changing, flammable mouth mist, and summoning four harpooners with grenades. Gamegame was created to go after the last three survivors of Planet Marine and their golden turtle until Shaider drove it off. When Gamegame goes after the Marinians, Shaider chased it into the Fushigi Dimension, fighting it and its phantom-masked warriors until Shaider runs the monster through with its own weapon before destroying it with Shaider Blue Flash while the Marinians leave for Earth's seas. (16) A scaly, green gremlin Fushigi Beast designed for the purpose of destroying Shaider. Its powers include a reflective torso, mouth energy blasts, size changing, high jumping, choking gas from the mouth, teleportation, and dividing into three swordsmen. It overpowers Shaider in his first encounters until Annie arrives and blasts the monster in the back of the head, causing it to go into state of confusion and drives Hessler away before shrinking into a fairly harmless and cute lizard creature that is found by Kochirou. While Bokeboke runs off into a nearby household, Fuuma searches for their creation to restore it to true form with twice the power. After Bokeboke regains it normal form, Shaider manages to hit it in the back with his Laser Blade before chasing into the Fushigi Dimension where he destroys it with Shaider Blue Flash after stabbing it in the head. (17) A Moai-topped Fushigi Beast armed with the ability to conjure giant levitating stone heads. Its powers include a shovel-machine gun hybrid staff, retracting into his Moai-like helmet, size changing, mouth flames, dividing into three swordsmen, and high jumping. Created in response to Poe having dreams, it was sent with the Girls' Army after Dr. Asai to get his aid in translating the Nazca images. After managing to save Dr. Asai and his daughter, Shaider pursues Girigiri into the Fushigi Dimension and manages to chop its hat off before destroying it with his Shaider Blue Flash. (18) A multi-colored armored spider Fushigi Beast. Its powers include a memory-scanning helmet, a mentally controlled trident that emits electric surges and has a machine gun, size changing, explosive mouth webs, and teleportation. Muumuu was created to capture Annie in a scheme to force Dai to reveal the meaning behind the Nazca images. After saving Annie, Shaider chases Mumu into the Fushigi Dimension and manages to impale with its own trident before destroying it with the Shaider Blue Flash. (19) A magnet-themed Fushigi Beast with magnet shapes on its forearms. Its powers include a pair of powerful wrist magnets, a trident, magnetic rays from the wrist magnets, and high jumping. Magmag was created by Poe after reviewing Shaider's fighting style and arsenal, designing the monster to use its magnet-forearms to cause Shaider's Combat Suit to malfunction. The attack also effected Dai's self-confidence as perfects his swordsmanship while Magmag kidnaps a bus full of children so Fuuma can rig it to explode to call the Space Sheriff out. After finishing his training, Shaider arrives to Annie's aid and overcomes Magmag's magnetism, destroying the Fushigi Beast with Shaider Blue Flash. This monster was not sent to the Fushigi Dimension during Shaider's final battle with it. (20) A green, thorny leech Fushigi Beast with an eye in its mouth. It's powers include spawning Fushigi Song Flowers that make people violent, teleportation, a human disguise, high jumping, a spear, size changing, mouth sparks and mist, summoning an entrapping flower, and dividing into three spearmen. Growing Fushigi Song Flowers on its body, Shigishigu to spread them across the city to brainwash whoever sniffs them enter a state of bliss before becoming dangerously violent as part of a plan to have the human race destroy itself. As Dai and Annie were vaccinated on Planet Bird, they were unaffected and attempt to destroy as many Fushigi flowers as an antidote is created. When Shigishigi causes a potential World War III, Shaider baits the Monster into a trap to fight it. Chasing Shigishigi into the Fushigi Dimension, Shaider destroys it with Shaider Blue Flash after stabbing it with its own weapon. (21) A Fushigi Beast. Its powers include a human disguise, a camera that creates magical illusions, teleportation, a cane with a blade at the butt, size changing, and explosive flashes from his camera. This monster was not sent To the Fushigi Dimension. Surisuri poses as a photographer, having Chiharu's family care for Yaada in a cuckoo family experiment to destroy social ties through imprinting. Annie gets involved and is affected by Surisuri's spell, seeing the Fushigi Beast as Shaider as the real one comes to her aid immune to Surisuri's spell due to his Combat Suit's visor. Developing contact lens from the visor material, Dai and Annie infiltrate the Fuuma base. Chasing Surisuri into the Fushigi Dimension, Shaider stabs him with his cane before destroying him with the Shaider Blue Flash. (22) A sea monster-themed Fushigi Beast with a jellyfish head that has two mouths, starfish hands, and wields a fin-blade halbard as its weapon. Its powers include swimming, a zambatou, size changing, summoning six-gilled sharks, dividing into three swordsmen, and teleportation. This monster was not sent To the Fushigi Dimension. It was created to capture women on Namegawa Island to be scientifically altered into Marinian-like beings to serve Fuuma, capturing Dr. Koshirou and Yoko as a result. However, a prototype gillman leads Dai to their base of operations before being killed off. Freeing the Fuuma captives, Shaider pursues Umiumi to the Fushigi Dimension. Fighting the monster's giant sharks and phantom-masked grunts, Shaider destroys Umiumi with Shaider Blue Flash. (23) A spiked Fushigi Beast with nunchaku that's able to spew gas. Its powers include invisibility, a chained mace and kanabo that can emit electric shocks, high jumping, choking mouth gas, telekinesis, teleportation, size changing, eye bombs, dividing into three swordsmen with choking gas and laser guns, and a sword that emits sparks. Gasgas was created as part of a Fuuma scheme to use the anti-Vavilos device they developed to negate Shaider's remote transformation. When Dai falls for the trap, he is unable to become Shaider as he is forced to run for his life while subjected to the poison gas. However, Annie actives the Shokatsu System manually to save Shaider as he proceeds to destroy the machine. Chasing Gasgas into the Fushigi Dimension, Shaider fights through the monster's red-helmeted, commando-garbed grunts before knocking the monster's broadsword away to destroy it with Shaider Blue Flash. (24) A white rat-faced horned Fushigi Beast in red armor. Its powers include creating a pocket dimension, a mentally controlled scythe-like spear, mental explosions, a human disguise, teleportation, and high jumping. Lovelove aided Poe in the guise of a trumpet-playing barkeep to abduct pretty women along with Annie. However, Shaider saves Annie and chases Lovelove into the Fushigi Dimension, destroying him with Shaider Blue Flash. (25) A gray psychic Fushigi Beast that wields a spiked club. Its powers include a human disguise, telekinesis, a staff with a mace on the end that emits electric bolts, and teleportation. Psypsy posed as Akane's father to have her assume the identity of Esper Queen to cause chaos with her Esper Army gang. When Shaider gets involved and exposes his scheme, Psypsy assumes his true form. Chasing Psypsy into the Fushigi Dimension, Shaider destroys him with Shaider Blue Flash. (26) A tiki-headed Fushigi Beast with a trident. Its powers include invisibility, spawning hypnotic stone heads of Kubali, high jumping, a mentally controlled double sided trident with a machine gun in each tip, and teleportation. Kamikami was used in a scheme to convert the populace of the New Town community into a Kubilai-worshipping cult. Shaider started investigating the strange events around the Yoshida family, destroying the Kubailai idol to free New Town folk. Shaider then chases Kamikami into the Fushigi Dimension and destroys the Fushigi Beast with Shaider Blue Flash. (27) A scaly gladiator-themed Fushigi Beast in a green fur mantle with horns on his head. Its powers include a human disguise, bull horns, a sword, teleportation, size changing, and pink energy balls from the hands. Posing as a Caesar-like figure, Deathdeath oversaw the combat between Girda and Billy Shinigami, converted into Fuuma cyborgs, massacre athletes kidnapped and drugged by Fuuma. One learning the truth, Shaider defeats the cyborgs and frees the athletes before chasing Deathdeath into the Fushigi Dimension, knocking the monster's sword away and then destroys him with Shaider Blue Flash. (28) Hessler's younger brother, dressed in spider-like armor and is armed with two swords and a trident. His powers include a pair of swords, a trident, eye beams, and purple hand lightning. Undergoing the same training as Hessler, Himley gains Kubilai's blessing to aid his brother. Using a Batian Tarantula, and playing on Shaider's kindness for children, Himley manages to poison him before fighting him as the paralysis starts to take effect. After Shaider escapes, managing to get cured in time, Himley is given a golden sword as a reward along with the favor of Girls 3-5. However, this goes to Himley's head as he plots taking his brother's place as Fuuma's general. Though he nearly killed Shaider, Himley ends up being killed in fatal sneak attack inflicted by his brother. Himley was not sent To the Fushigi Dimension during the final fight with Shaider. (29) A wool spindle-headed Fushigi Beast with a sheep's head protruding from its pelvis. Its powers include making fibers that turn humans violent, a spear with a pair of large scissors on the end that shoot lasers, summoning a pair of large boots, mouth flames, dividing into three men with electric cloths, and high jumping. Hessler and the Girl's Army use the wool from Itoito to manufacture clothing that gives the user super powers with a violent side effect, testing on the clothes on children before making a clothing line for adults. Annie infiltrates the store front, donning various guises to stop the production at its source. As Annie accomplishes in her mission, Shaider chases Itoito into the Fushigi Dimension and destroys it with Shaider Blue Flash. (30) A four-tusked elephant-like Fushigi Beast with an extendable trunk-like tendril and a star-bladed spear. Its powers include disguising itself as a tent-like mat, teleportation, telekinesis, illusions, an extendable trunk, a mentally controlled staff with a star blade on the end, and high jumping. Buyobuyo was created to assist in Fuuma's black market scheme involving child slavery by posing as a Goony Mat funhouse. Despite Hessler's precautions for the Shaian, Shaider manages to force his way into the base to free Annie and the children. After blasting the Fuuma base to bits, Shaider destroys Buyobuyo with Shaider Blue Flash. (31) A furry white ape-like Fushigi Beasts with large ears. They were created as part of a plan to make use of the premature Fushigi Beast Eggs Kubilai sneezed out while suffering a head cold, selling them off as "canned pets" Fumafuma of Amazon. The Fumafuma would be bought by children as Fuuma converts one of the Fumafuma with a growth elixir and have it command the smaller ones to attack the humans. After Shaider takes out the Fumafuma manufacture plant, he and Annie track down the modified Fumafuma as it gathers its army and go on a rampage. When Shaider arrives to Annie's aid, the Fumafuma fuse into a single ape-like form that could blast electricity and wield an electric trident. In the end, Shaider destroys the Fumafuma monster with Shaider Blue Flash. (32) A three-faced crow Fushigi Beast in armor. Its powers include a lance-like trident, a rotatable set of three eagle heads, a mouth gun, teleportation, and high jumping. Karikari was created to aid Fuuma's Darkian allies in capturing the Cureian prince Ozma. As Annie takes Ozma and Tamiko to safety, Shaider defeats the boy's Darkian pursuers before chasing Karikari into the Fushigi Dimension. Managing to impale Karikari with its own weapon, Shaider destroys it with Shaider Blue Flash. (33) A white puppet Fushigi Beast mutant with a large, creepy, smiling mouth and a cutlass. Its powers include a human disguise, controlling dummies, immobilizing humans, a sword, a shield, high jumping, size changing, choking gas from the mouth, and invisibility. Posing a ventriloquist and using an animated puppet named Sakura, Marimari captures children to make into his marionettes. When Shaider intervening, Marimari captures Annie to add her to his collection. Once he destroys Sakura to break Marimari's hold over his victims so Annie can get the children to safety, Shaider pursues the Fushigi Beast into the Fushigi Dimension and destroys it with Shaider Blue Flash. (34) A bug-eyed serpentine Fushigi Beast with bug-eyes. Its powers include a halberd, illusions, a human disguise, a tentacle in the right arm, teleportation, converting into toxic green slime, size changing, and eye tractor beams. Kagekage was created by Kubilai to destroy the dig site in order to conceal his weakness. After stealing the gold tablet from the dig site, Kagekage assumes a slime form to capture Shaider as Poe attempts to kill him. Upon breaking free however, Shaider forces Kagekage off him as they take their fight to Fushigi Dimension, blasting the monster to bits with the Video Beam. (35) A dog-faced Fushigi Beast. Its powers include a long sword with a hidden machine gun, a human disguise, high jumping, spawning arrow-like harpoons, size changing, mouth flames, teleportation, and invisibility. Daridari assumes the form of Dai's father, Professor Daijiro Sawamura, to lure him a trap so he can be killed. However, Annie frees Shaider as he chases Daridari into the Fushigi Dimension and destroys it with Shaider Blue Flash. (36) A computer-headed Fushigi Beast armed with a broadsword. Its powers include spawning dream computers, high jumping, a sword, teleportation, size changing, hot sparks from the mouth, summoning pipes that emit hot sparks, and summoning a fake Shaider. Comcom was created to produce a supply of Yumecom, computers designed to grant the desires of whatever typed in it, in a scheme to induce laziness. When Dai gets to the bottom of it sometime after raiding on a factory, he and Annie eventually find Fuuma's base of operations and destroy it. Chasing Comcom into the Fushigi Dimension, fighting a duplicate of himself in the process, Shaider manages to destroy the Fushigi Beast with Shaider Blue Flash. (37) A Fushigi Beast with a head resembling human lips with fangs who uses a sword and shield as his weapon. Its powers include high jumping, a pair of swords, a round shield, teleportation, a human disguise, hypnosis, mouth flames, summoning five soldiers, spitting spears, and size changing. Assuming a human form called General Guchi, Guchiguchi recruits teenagers to create a foul-tempered army large enough to cause a world war and overwhelm Shaider. Using a homing beacon place in a truck holding captive teens, Annie finds the training grounds as Shaider arrives to provide back up. Chasing Guchiguchi into the Fushigi Dimension, forcing him into his true form while disarming him, Shaider destroys the Fushigi Beast with Shaider Blue Flash to break its hold over the teens. (38) A red Fushigi Beast with a movie camera on top of its head. Its powers include turning into a film camera, a cane that emits electric shocks, teleportation, high jumping, spawning mirages from the forehead camera, and invisibility. Moviemovie poses as a video camera used in the filming of Mashoujo Cinderella with child actress Sei starring in a Fuuma directed movie in hopes to encouraging bad behavior towards it target viewers. Going into the Fushigi Dimension to stop Sei from unknowingly killing her costar, Shaider battles Moviemovie and destroys it with Shaider Blue Flash. (39) A black Santa Claus-suited Fushigi Beast with kudu-like horns and bat-like wings. Its powers include a drill lance that emits explosions and fire with a machine gun in the drill, a black Santa Claus disguise, teleportation, a pocket dimension, size changing choking mouth mist, and invisibility. Satasata posed as "Satan Claus" and visited all the boys and girls to take their presents and then creates an Anti-Santa cult, converting children into his masked followers to commit acts of violence. After freeing the children from Satasata's influence and forcing him into his true form, Shaider chases the Fushigi Beast into the Fushigi Dimension and destroys it with Shaider Blue Flash. Muchimuchi (Movie 2) A large worm-tentacled Fushigi Beast. Its powers include a human disguise, dimensional warping, tongue spears, teleportation, spawning clones, waist tentacles, size changing, mouth flames, and green tentacle energy bolts. Muchimuchi poses as an old man to kidnap genius children to use them in their plan to take over the universe as child soldiers. With Shaider faking his death, he and Annie manage to save the abducted children. Chasing Muchimuchi into the Fushigi Dimension, Shaider destroys it with Shaider Blue Flash. (40) A green fish-like Fushigi Beast with secondary bug-eyes on its neck along with a drill-arm attachment, that's able to use a giant mallet and morning star. Its powers include laser absorbing, summoning a drill on the right arm, a body strong enough to survive several thousand foot drops, a claw hammer that can turn into a wrecking ball-like mace, and high jumping. This monster was not sent To the Fushigi Dimension. Terotero was created in a Fuuma scheme to take down Vavilos when Annie unknowingly brought it into the ship as an Fushigi Beast Egg within a plush bunny. Once hatched, Terotero evaded Annie as she unknowingly matures it with her laser. Using the primary Blue Plasma System, Annie manages to activate the secondary system in time as Shaider fall into Hessler's trap. Managing to drag Terotero out of the Vavilos, Shaider disarms the Fushigi Beast before destroying it with the Shaider Blue Flash. (41) A white cupid-thmed Fushigi Beast with a heart-shaped chest armed with a heart-bladed staff. Its powers include manipulating love hormones, a large heart arrow that fires heart bombs, teleportation, mouth needles, and high jumping. It was created in a scheme to destroy the bond between Shaider and Annie by making Vivian fall in love with the former. Pairpair later hold Shaider at by while Vivian carries out Fuuma's plan to destroy Vavilos. Chasing Pairpair into the Fushigi Dimension, Shaider impales the Fushigi Beast with its own weapon before destroying it with Shaider Blue Flash. (42) A blue humanoid snake/lizard Fushigi Beast armed with a trident. Its powers include a human disguise, teleportation, an electric staff with coiling ribbons, size changing, hot mouth sparks, summoning six ribbon twirlers, mouth energy bolts, and high jumping. It posed as the teacher Miss Mitsuru to gather bullies in classroom 6-0, seemingly making them good in the public eye via her piano playing. However, in reality, she makes them into dangerous sociopaths. However, when Shaider uncovers the scheme, Hebihebi battles the Space Sheriff as they take their battle to the Fushigi Dimension where she is destroyed by Shaider Blue Flash after being impaled by her own weapon. (43) The last of the Fushigi Beasts to be created, sent to Earth in the form of a sapphire egg to a middle class Ikeda family in an experiment to undermine Japan's social class system. Its powers include spawning explosive vines from the body that can emit electric shocks, size changing, a whip tongue, extendable arms, teleportation, a leaf-like trident, and eye energy bolts. Once fully grown into his plant-like form with ravenous hunger, Tsutasuta devours the family dog Jiro and forces the Ikeda family to buy a vast amount of food to the point of putting them in massive debt. After getting the family to safety, Shaider chases Tsutatsuta into the Fushigi Dimension and destroys him with Shaider Blue Flash. Other Villains (Movie 1) An alien assassin who makes a living been hunting down Space Sheriffs, previously fighting Gavan and later Sharivan. Arriving to Earth, adapting a helmet, twin shoulder cannons, and other weapons into his fighting style after losing to Gavan and Sharivan, Omega targeted Shaider and challenges him to a fight to the death. However, Hessler and the Girls' Army intervene out of pride by holding Annie and children hostage, Omega stops them from killing Shaider. Soon after saving the children, Shaider battles Omega with Annie and Fuuma as witnesses as Omega finally falls to Shaider's Blue Flash. Cast Dai Sawamura/Shaider/Alexis (Philippines version) Hiroshi Tsuburaya Annie Naomi Morinaga Commander Com Toshiaki Nishizawa Mimi Wakiko Kano Marin Kyoko Nashiro Kojiro Oyama/Doctor Ang (Philippines version) Masayuki Suzuki Great Emperor Kubilai/Fuma Lei-ar (Philippines version) Shōzō Iizuka (voice) Priest Poe/Babaylan Ida (Philippines version) Jun Yoshida Hessler/Drigo (Philippines version) Kazuhiko Kubo Narrator Tōru Ōhira Girl 1 Keiko Nawa Girl 2 Aya Kanno (1-15) Mai Ooishi (16-35, 1st movie)Yumiko Yashima (36-48, 2nd movie) Girl 3 Yoshimi Kawashima Girl 4 Noriko Kojima Girl 5 Rina Naoi Episode list Movies Two movies were also filmed. takes place between episodes 19 and 20, and was released on July 14, 1984. takes place between episodes 39 and 40, and was released on December 22, 1984. Space Sheriff Shaider (movie) Shozo Uehara (script),Hideo Tanaka (director) Space Sheriff Shaider -Pursuit! The Strange Kidnappers Shozo Uehara (script),Hideo Tanaka (director) Songs Opening theme Lyrics Keisuke Yamakawa Composition and Arrangement Michiaki Watanabe Artist Akira Kushida Ending theme Lyrics Keisuke Yamakawa Composition and Arrangement Michiaki Watanabe Artist Akira Kushida In other countries Space Sheriff Shaider was released in the Philippines as Shaider in the late-1980s, where it became the first tokusatsu show to be dubbed in Filipino on ABS-CBN (1988-1991), IBC (1992-1994), RPN-9 (1997-1998), GMA Network (2003-2005), Hero TV (2006-2009), TeleAsia (2014). In this release, Dai Sawamura was renamed, Alexis. Also in this version, Kojiro Oyama is called Doctor Ang, Kubilai is called Fuuma Ley-ar, Priest Poe is called Ida (voiced by a female instead of a male as in the original) and Hessler is called Drigo. The series was aired on M6 in France under the title Capitaine Sheider. The theme song was performed by Bernard Minet. The series was also broadcast in Brazil, also under the name Shaider, in the early 1990s. Different from other tokusatsu series in Brazil, Shaider was broadcast on a channel as unpopular as the main ones around that time in Brazil, Rede Gazeta. As a result, only a few people saw the show. Rede Globo, though one of the most popular television channels, later began broadcasting Shaider in the early morning, around 5 am, until it disappeared completely from television. Video game A video game based on the television series, The Space Sheriff Spirits, was released for the PlayStation 2 system on May 25, 2006, by Bandai Namco. This product was made available in Japan, Hong Kong and Taiwan. The actors for Gavan and Sharivan reprised their roles, but Hiroshi Tsuburaya died before the game was developed, so anime voice actor Takuo Kawamura took over the role of Shaider instead. References External links 1984 Japanese television series debuts 1985 Japanese television series endings Western (genre) peace officers Japanese science fiction television series Metal Hero Series Space adventure television series Space Western television series TV Asahi original programming	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Space%20Sheriff%20Shaider
Fear of Pop is the name of an experimental recording project by Ben Folds (of Ben Folds Five) and Caleb Southern (Ben Folds Five's long-time producer), along with John Mark Painter (of Fleming and John), William Shatner and others. Their only album Volume 1 was released in 1998. Biography Folds and Southern began recording music for the "Fear of Pop" project during 1997 in various locations around the United States as an outlet to make music away from Ben Folds Five. In an open letter to fans on Frank Maynard's quasi-official Ben Folds Five website, Folds said that Fear of Pop had "helped satisfy my need to express some things musically - textures, orchestration, rhythms - things that don't always naturally fall into the standard three-minute singer/song format. I love to paint sounds in an abstract way, discovering their effect after it's all put together. Once you’ve sold a million records, you've earned the right to experiment self-indulgently at the expense of your record company." In 1998, 550 Records (under Epic/Sony) released Folds' Volume 1. The cover of the album, an image entitled "Just Your Average Second On This Planet" by David Bethell, featured the silhouette of a running man being pursued by cowboys on horseback with lassos. The back of the album case showed the silhouette of a boy in a cowboy outfit sitting on a park bench. The inner cover showed a woman being stabbed by a man on a television set seen by an open city window. At some stores, a limited edition 12" vinyl single for "In Love" was bundled for free with Volume 1. It featured a remix of the song by Thievery Corporation, as well as a couple of cuts from the album. The band also included a cast of musicians other than Folds, Southern and Painter. William Shatner provided vocals on "In Love" (as well as the reprise, "Still in Love"). Painter's wife, Fleming McWilliams, also sang on several tracks. Frally Hynes, Folds' then-girlfriend (and now ex-wife), performed frantic lead vocals on "Root to This." On January 22, 1999 Fear of Pop gave their first and only live performance on Late Night with Conan O'Brien. They performed "In Love", with William Shatner on lead vocals, along with Folds and McWilliams quietly duetting underneath the actor's monologue. Eddie Walker, the drummer for Folds' first band, Majosha, played drums during this appearance. Discography Studio albums Fear of Pop: Volume 1 (1998) References External links An open letter from Ben Folds to fans concerning Fear of Pop (archived version) American indie rock groups 550 Music artists	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fear%20of%20Pop
Scenic State Park is a Minnesota state park near Bigfork in Itasca County. It encompasses of virgin pine forests that surround Sandwick Lake and Coon Lake. It also includes portions of Lake of the Isles, Tell Lake, Cedar Lake, and Pine Lake. Established in 1921, the Ojibwe tribe had previously used the area for hunting. The park has places for camping, hiking, swimming, fishing, and canoeing. National Register of Historic Places The park includes two historic districts that are listed on the National Register of Historic Places. The Scenic State Park CCC/Rustic Style Service Yard is located on the western shore of Sandwick Lake and it is composed of four buildings on a site. They include the Equipment Building (1934), Ice and Wood House (1934), Custodian's Cabin (1935), and the Tool & Equipment Building (1935). The Scenic State Park CCC/WPA/Rustic Style Historic Resources district is composed of four buildings and two structures on on the western shore of Coon Lake. They include the Shelter Pavilion (1934-1935), Comfort Station (1934-1935), Naturalist's Cabin (1935), Shelter & Latrine (1935), Water Tower (1935), and the Stone Steps (1935). The ten buildings and structures in the park were constructed by the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) in the Rustic style. They were designed by G. Iverson, Edward W. Barber, and the National Park Service (NPS). This development started in 1933 and it was the first CCC state park camp to begin operating within Minnesota. The buildings, of log construction, received considerable acclaim from the NPS. The landscape design was also prepared by the National Park Service and is one of the most thorough and extensive designs executed by their landscape architects. References External links Scenic State Park 1921 establishments in Minnesota Civilian Conservation Corps in Minnesota IUCN Category V Park buildings and structures on the National Register of Historic Places in Minnesota Protected areas established in 1921 Protected areas of Itasca County, Minnesota Rustic architecture in Minnesota State parks of Minnesota Historic districts on the National Register of Historic Places in Minnesota National Register of Historic Places in Itasca County, Minnesota	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scenic%20State%20Park
AnimaminA is the debut EP by Icelandic string quartet amiina. The EP was first published in early December 2004 by Smekkleysa in Iceland, and then in mid-2005 by The Workers Institute in the United States and Speak N Spell in Australia. Its title was a palindrome based on the band's name, which at the time of the EP's publication was amína. (It has now been changed to amiina to avoid disputes with another group of the same name.) The EP is composed of four tracks and is predominantly strings, electronic samples, and experimental instrumentation, such as the use of drinking glasses to generate sound or the playing of a saw with a bow. The album's sound is reminiscent of fellow Icelandic artists Sigur Rós and Múm though their style remains largely disparate from either, and have collaborated with the former. Track listing "Skakka" – 4:13 "Hemipode" – 4:29 "Fjarskanistan" – 6:29 "Bláskjár" – 3:20 References 2005 debut EPs Amiina albums	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Animamina
Swimming World is a US-based monthly swimming magazine that was first published in a magazine format as Junior Swimmer in January 1960. It concurrently runs online websites Swimming World Magazine and Swimming World News, (known as SwimInfo prior to 2006). The headquarters is in History In its earliest form, Junior Swimmer began as a mimeograph/newsletter published by Peter Daland in the summer of 1952. In 1960, Coach Daland passed the responsibility of the project to Albert Schoenfeld due to Daland's greater coaching demands as the swim coach at the University of Southern California and the Los Angeles Athletic Club. The January 1960 issue was the first published in a magazine format, still called Junior Swimmer. The magazine then went through six title changes over the next 45 years. In May 1961, the magazine changed its main cover title to Jr./Sr. Swimmer. The publication then combined with Swimming World in June 1961. At that time, Swimming World was still a mimeograph/newsletter, which had been published for the previous 10 years by Robert J. H. Kiphuth. The June 1961 issue of the newly combined operation used a two part title, shown in two lines with different fonts, as Jr./Sr. Swimmer and Swimming World. The title changed again the following month, settling on a single defined title, all in consistent font, of Junior Swimmer Swimming World for the July 1961 issue. The title changed again in May 1962, when it became Junior Swimmer and Swimming World, with the words "Junior Swimmer and" shown as an upper line in a much less prominent font, making the words "Swimming World" the visually main name. In the March 1964 issue, the words were switched to Swimming World and Junior Swimmer, with the lower placed "and Junior Swimmer" still shown in a less prominent font on the cover. This prominent Swimming World, with minor and Junior Swimmer title format continued through the February 2005 issue, with the magazine finally settling on its still-current Swimming World only title for its March 2005 issue, which brought attention to the change by showing only one story on its cover"The Changing Face of Swimming". Operations Swimming World has correspondents in Europe and Australia, and keeps track of all major FINA-sanctioned competitions, as well as tabulating extensive records of competitions ranging from junior to masters level swimming. It also provides advice on health related and technique issues for people with an interest in swimming. Brent Rutemiller is the chief executive officer of Sports Publications International and Publisher of Swimming World Magazine, SWIM Magazine and Swimming Technique Magazine since 2002. Under his tenure, Rutemiller re-branded each media vehicle under one print title, Swimming World Magazine, and then re-launched all three magazines as separate digital downloads. Shortly thereafter, he launched Swimming World Radio and Swimming World TV as online properties. The Morning Swim Show is Swimming World TV's flagship program which streams weekday mornings. In 2015, Rutemiller introduced Swimming World Biweekly as a free digital magazine aggregating the top stories on the Internet every two weeks. In 2017, the International Swimming Hall of Fame (ISHOF) merged its operations with Swimming World Magazine. The combination provided the International Swimming Hall of Fame with an outreach arm, that Swimming World can provide, to the athletes, coaches and volunteers around the world in aquatics. Website and magazine features Features of coaches on the website and in the magazine have been highlighted by local (University-level) news for providing a view into the unique paths coaches take to reach their coaching position and the methodologies used by coaches for training and keeping their athletes motivated. Awards The magazine produces an annual year-end list of the Swimming World Swimmer of the Year awards, naming winners in various categories. , the categories were: African, Male and Female; American, Male and Female; European, Male and Female; Pacific Rim, Male and Female; and, from these eight regional winners, World Female and World Male. In addition to yearly awards for swimming, Swimming World allocates awards annually to athletes in other aquatics sports such as synchronized swimming, diving, and water polo. The magazine also honors the top high school swim teams and swimmers in the United States on an annual summer (end of the high school year) basis, including its awards for Female High School Swimmer of the Year and Male High School Swimmer of the Year. Notable stories The following are a selection of notable stories where news agencies reported, referenced, highlighted, or featured Swimming World and its role in the story, and high-profile stories covered by Swimming World itself: Between 2015 and 2021, Swimming World covered a number of high-profile engagements between Olympic medalists and their significant other including Kathleen Baker to Sean Dowling, Florent Manaudou to Pernille Blume, Caeleb Dressel to Meghan Haila, Townley Haas to Megan Meseck, Federica Pellegrini to Matteo Guinta, Ranomi Kromowidjojo to Ferry Weertman, Florian Wellbrock to Sarah Köhler, and Cody Miller to Ali DeWitt. Day one of wave II of the 2020 US Olympic Trials, Swimming World was featured in the Connecticut Post for its ranking of the world's fastest swimmers in the 400-meter freestyle heading to the 2020 Summer Olympics including Kieran Smith. Swimming World's coverage of potentially manipulated results at a swim meet in Uzbekistan was highlighted by Reuters in July 2021 ahead of the 2020 Summer Olympics. References External links Monthly magazines published in the United States Sports magazines published in the United States Magazines established in 1960 Swimming websites Water polo websites Magazines published in Arizona Mass media in Phoenix, Arizona	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Swimming%20World
Jerry Ball Jr. (born December 15, 1964) is an American former professional football player who was a defensive lineman in the National Football League (NFL), playing primarily as a nose tackle. He played college football for the SMU Mustangs. Ball played in the NFL for the Detroit Lions, Cleveland Browns, Los Angeles / Oakland Raiders, and Minnesota Vikings. Biography Ball was born in Beaumont, Texas, and attended Hebert High School, then after integration graduated from West Brook High School, where he played fullback and rushed for 1,000 yards and LB for 1982 5A State Championship All State honors. He was All District in three positions and was selected to play in the Texas high school all star game. Ball was selected as one of the top 100 players over the last 100 years by Dave Campbell's Texas Football and Texas UIL football organizations 1920 to 2020. Ball was selected as a Texas Gridiron Legend in 2020 for contributions to the game of football He played college football at Southern Methodist University in University Park, Texas. He was a four-year letter-winner and ranks 4th on the all-time sack list at SMU. All-American, All Southwest Conference 84-86. He was a two-time Outland and Lombardi award finalist, and a Christian-Terrell 3-time winner. Ball was inducted to SMU athletics Hall of Fame in 2015. Professional career Ball was drafted by the Detroit Lions in the 3rd round (63rd overall) of the 1987 NFL Draft. During his career he went to three Pro Bowls with the Detroit Lions. Ball played in the NFL for 13 seasons. He recorded 32.5 sacks during his career, most of them coming as a nose tackle with the Detroit Lions. Despite this fact, Ball spent his entire career being double teamed and often triple teamed by opposing teams. Ball's dominance was such a force that teams would realign their best players to help centers deal with the pressure Ball kept on the middle of the offense. Known mostly as a run stuffer later in his career, he has been considered one of the best nose tackles of this era. Anchoring the Minnesota Viking defense alongside John Randle, also a Pro Bowl defensive tackle, Ball re-emerged as a leader and dominant force on the Vikings 15-1 record setting team. Personal life Ball became a member of Omega Psi Phi fraternity at Southern Methodist University Spring 1984. Ball has three daughters and three grandchildren References External links Po-Football-Reference.Com NFL Enterprises LLC Sports Illustrated: Game Ball - When Lion nosetackle Jerry Ball comes to play, somebody has to pay PRNewswire: NFL football legend Jerry Ball and Dr. Partha Nandi tackle the effects of multiple concussions in athletes 1964 births Living people American football defensive tackles Detroit Lions players Cleveland Browns players Los Angeles Raiders players Oakland Raiders players Minnesota Vikings players National Conference Pro Bowl players Players of American football from Beaumont, Texas SMU Mustangs football players	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jerry%20Ball
Microsoft Point-to-Point Encryption (MPPE) encrypts data in Point-to-Point Protocol (PPP)-based dial-up connections or Point-to-Point Tunneling Protocol (PPTP) virtual private network (VPN) connections. 128-bit key (strong), 56-bit key, and 40-bit key (standard) MPPE encryption schemes are supported. MPPE provides data security for the PPTP connection that is between the VPN client and the VPN server. MPPE alone does not compress or expand data, but the protocol is often used in conjunction with Microsoft Point-to-Point Compression which compresses data across PPP or VPN links. Negotiation of MPPE happens within the Compression Control Protocol (CCP), a subprotocol of PPP. This can lead to incorrect belief that it is a compression protocol. RFC 3078, which defines this protocol, defines RC4 with either 40-bit or 128-bit key lengths as the only encryption options with this protocol. External links (the protocol), (deriving initial session keys) MPPE, Microsoft Point-To-Point Encryption Protocol Broken cryptography algorithms Cryptographic protocols Internet protocols Microsoft Windows security technology	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft%20Point-to-Point%20Encryption
Lagmannsholmen was an island at the entrance to the western part of the harbor of Kristiansand in Agder county, Norway. Starting in 1686, the island was the site of the fleet station for the Danish-Norwegian galley fleet (). Between the years 1750–1758, construction was completed for a new headquarters and main station for the navy at Fredriksvern naval station and shipyard at Stavern in Vestfold. During the 1960s and 1970s, the island was expanded and ultimately connected to the mainland in order to expand the western harbor in the port of Kristiansand. Lagmannsholmen is now part of the mainland. It forms a part of Kristiansand's container port and is connected to the current Kristiansand Fish Wharf (Fiskebrygga). Most of the former islet consists today of large warehouses and a concrete grain silo. There are few buildings dating from the former fortifications. In May 2017 a new dock for cruise ships was put into operation at Lagmannsholmen. References Related reading Forts in Norway Fortifications of Kristiansand Buildings and structures in Kristiansand	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lagmannsholmen
Guizi () is a pejorative Chinese slang term for foreigners. It has had a history of containing xenophobic connotations. History Starting with the arrival of European sailors in the sixteenth century, foreigners were often perceived in China as "uncivilized tribes given to mayhem and destruction". Within the southern parts of China, the term gweilo (鬼佬) was used and remains popular today, especially in the Cantonese speaking region of Hong Kong. In northern parts, the term "Occidental devil" (西洋鬼子 xiyáng guǐzi) was used, with Europe being West of China. Usage The term gui (鬼) in guizi (鬼子) is an adjective that can be used to express hate and deprecation, an example being the local's expression of their hatred towards the Japanese during their occupation of China in World War II with the same gui (鬼). It conveys a general bad and negative feeling and is a somewhat obsolete and archaic/old-fashioned term nowadays; other more modern terms have largely replaced gui (鬼) for similarly negative meanings. The character gui (鬼) itself can have negative connotations, even without the word zi (子). For example, when it was attached to the Westerners in the term yang guizi (洋鬼子; lit. "overseas devils") during the Boxer Rebellion, to the Japanese military in the term guizi bing (鬼子兵; lit. "devil soldiers") during the Second Sino-Japanese War, and to the Korean collaborators with the term er guizi (二鬼子; lit. "second-rank devil"). However, the same term can also be applied derogatorily to any foreign military which was an enemy to China. In Taiwan, anti-Japanese demonstrators from the New Party hoisted signs with "Guizi! Get out" (鬼子! 快滾) during the 2012 China anti-Japanese demonstrations. Related terms Riben guizi () or dongyang guizi () — used to refer to Japanese. In 2010 Japanese internet users on 2channel created the fictional moe character which refers to the ethnic term, with Hinomoto Oniko being the Japanese kun'yomi reading of the Han characters "日本鬼子". Er guizi () — used to refer to ethnic Korean conscripts and parapoliceman who contributed to the Japanese occupation and war effort during the Second Sino-Japanese War and the Pacific War. It was later extended to refer to all collaborators with the Japanese, including hanjians and Taiwanese conscripts. In modern times, however, the terms become somewhat synonymous with race traitor, referring to any Chinese nationals and foreign-born ethnic Chinese who act as appeasers or promoters of foreign interests at the expense of Chinese national interests. Yang guizi () or xiyang guizi () — used to refer to Westerners. Jia yang guizi () — used to refer to "sellout" Chinese who adopt and worship Western values and are shameful/discriminatory to his own ethnic identity and cultural heritage. Initially used to describe compradors and foreign-educated scholars during the late 19th century, who often dressed and talked like Westerners, the term is now synonymous to race traitors. A similar word in English is "Uncle Chan", which is derived from Uncle Tom and used to describe a xenophilic Hongkonger (and by further extension any westernized Chinese, regardless of mainland or overseas origin) who are perceived as loathing Chinese identity, supporting Hong Kong independence and pandering to sinophobia in order to gain favor from Westerners. See also Ang mo Gaijin, a Japanese word for foreigners Jap The Sword March, the National Revolutionary Army marching cadence which popularized its use against the Japanese Xiao Riben References Anti-Japanese sentiment in China Anti-Korean sentiment in China Anti-Western sentiment China–Japan relations China–Korea relations Boxer Rebellion Chinese words and phrases Pejorative terms for in-group non-members Xenophobia in Asia	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Guizi
Adam Iacobucci (born 17 January 1986) is an Australian rules footballer, who formerly played for the Collingwood Football Club in the Australian Football League, and captained the Northern Bullants in the Victorian Football League Drafted by Collingwood in the 2004 AFL Draft, he is a small in and under midfielder, who impressed coach Mick Malthouse early in his debut season, getting a senior spot in Round 6. He played a few more games for the Magpies before the football club delisted him, its patience frayed by his inconsistent performances. Nevertheless, he was named as Collingwood's best VFL player in 2006 (playing with the Williamstown Seagulls, at the time the VFL-affiliate to Collingwood), winning the Joseph Wren Memorial Trophy for his efforts. He played a total of four games for Collingwood and thirty games for Williamstown over this time. Following his departure from Collingwood, Iacobucci shifted to the Northern Bullants in the 2007 season. He quickly became one of the Bullants consistent players, winning the Laurie Hill Trophy as club best and fairest in 2007. He was a member of the VFL representative team in 2007, 2008 and 2010. In 2009, Iacobucci was made club captain, and served in the role for three seasons. As captain, Iacobucci led the Bullants to back-to-back grand finals in 2009–10, but the club lost against North Ballarat on both occasions. Iacobucci left the Bullants at the end of 2011. Iacobucci moved to Strathmore in the Essendon District Football League in 2012, where he is still playing as of 2022. References External links 1986 births Living people Collingwood Football Club players Preston Football Club (VFA) players Williamstown Football Club players Australian rules footballers from Victoria (state) Calder Cannons players Strathmore Football Club players	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Adam%20Iacobucci
Cedric Kelvin Coleman, professionally known by his stage name Frayser Boy, is an American rapper from Memphis, Tennessee. He was formerly signed to Hypnotize Minds, the record label run by Three 6 Mafia founders DJ Paul and Juicy J, and had released three studio albums under the label: Gone on That Bay (2003), Me Being Me (2005), and Da Key (2008). At the 78th Academy Awards, he won the Academy Award for Best Original Song for "It's Hard out Here for a Pimp" along with Three 6 Mafia members Juicy J, Crunchy Black, and DJ Paul. In 2014, Coleman released B.A.R. (Bay Area Representatives), a ten years in the making collaborative project with fellow rapper Lil Wyte, and his fourth solo studio album titled Not No Moe, both through Phixieous Entertainment. Same year, he was featured in the documentary film Take Me to the River along with Terrence Howard, Snoop Dogg, Yo Gotti and Al Kapone among others. In 2018, he starred in Muck Sticky-directed drama film Dig That, Zeebo Newton. He is currently working on his fifth solo effort, Gone on That Bay 2, a sequel to his debut full-length. Discography References External links Frayser Boy at Discogs 1982 births Living people African-American crunk musicians African-American male rappers American male rappers Asylum Records artists Best Original Song Academy Award-winning songwriters Gangsta rappers Rappers from Memphis, Tennessee Southern hip hop musicians Underground rappers 21st-century American rappers 21st-century American male musicians 21st-century African-American musicians 20th-century African-American people	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frayser%20Boy
The single sculls was one of the competitions in the Rowing at the 1900 Summer Olympics events in Paris. It was held on 25 and 26 August 1900. 12 athletes from 3 nations competed. Four quarterfinals, two semifinals, and a final were held. The event was won by Hermann Barrelet of France; the host nation also took silver with André Gaudin. Saint-George Ashe of Great Britain earned bronze, after interfering with another rower in the quarterfinals and advancing out of the semifinals for unknown reasons after placing third in his heat. Background This was the first appearance of the event. Rowing had been on the programme in 1896 but was cancelled due to bad weather. The single sculls has been held every time that rowing has been contested, beginning in 1900. Great Britain's best sculler, C. V. Fox, entered but withdrew. Competition format The tournament featured three rounds: quarterfinals, semifinals, and a final. There were four quarterfinals, each with three boats; the top two in each advanced to the semifinals. The two semifinals each had four boats, with the top two advancing to the final. The final was a four-boat race. The distance for each race was 1750 metres, rather than the 2000 metres which was becoming standard even at the time (and has been used in the Olympics since 1912, except in 1948). Schedule Results Quarterfinals The top two rowers in each heat advanced to the semifinals. Quarterfinal 1 Ashe went out of his rowing lane, interfering with Benoit. Despite this, he was not disqualified. Quarterfinal 2 Quarterfinal 3 Quarterfinal 4 Semifinals The top two rowers in each semifinal advanced to the final. Semifinal 1 For unknown reasons, Ashe protested the result of this semifinal. Barrelet and Gaudin objected and refused to race if Ashe were advanced, but eventually relented. The final therefore included five rowers instead of the planned four. Semifinal 2 Final Yet another protest marred the single sculls competition in the final, as Prével complained of being interfered with after falling in the water and dropping out of the race; his protest was rejected. Barrelet and Gaudin, who had placed first and second in both the preliminary round and the semifinal, did so once again in the final. Ashe took the bronze medal, with d'Heilly close behind him. Results summary References External links International Olympic Committee medal winners database De Wael, Herman. Herman's Full Olympians: "Rowing 1900". Accessed 26 February 2006. Available electronically at . Rowing at the 1900 Summer Olympics	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Rowing%20at%20the%201900%20Summer%20Olympics%20%E2%80%93%20Men%27s%20single%20sculls
The Doug Wright Awards for Canadian Cartooning (established in December 2004) are literary awards handed out annually since 2005 during the Toronto Comic Arts Festival to Canadian cartoonists honouring excellence in comics (including webcomics) and graphic novels published in English (including translated works). The awards are named in honour of Canadian cartoonist Doug Wright. Winners are selected by a jury of Canadians who have made significant contributions to national culture, based on shortlisted selections provided by a nominating committee of five experts in the comics field. The Wrights are handed out in three main categories, "Best Book", "The Spotlight Award" (affectionately known as "The Nipper"), and, since 2008, the "Pigskin Peters Award" for non-narrative or experimental works. In 2020, the organizers added "The Egghead", an award for best kids’ book for readers under twelve. In addition to the awards, since 2005 the organizers annually induct at least one cartoonist into the Giants of the North: The Canadian Cartoonist Hall Fame. The Wright Awards are modeled after traditional book prizes, with the intention of drawing attention to the comics medium from a broad range of demographics inside and outside of its traditional fanbase. The Wrights have garnered acclaim as well as earning the support of a diverse range of participating artists and jurors including Scott Thompson, Don McKellar, Bruce McDonald, Jerry Ciccoritti, Bob Rae, Andrew Coyne, Sara Quin, Greg Morrison, Chester Brown, Lorenz Peter, and Nora Young. Awards The Best Book and The Spotlight awards are a large wood-and-glass trophies which are engraved with images from Wright's comic strip (the one difference being the images that are etched on the glass). The award was designed by the cartoonist Seth, who admitted to some embarrassment at being the inaugural winner of the trophy he designed. The Pigskin Peters Award, named in honour of a character from Jimmy Frise's Birdseye Center, is a custom, tailored derby hat with its own unique plaque that doubles as a hat post. It was also designed by Seth. Each recipient of a Doug Wright Award also receives a custom-bound copy of their winning work. Nominees Winners are indicated by *. 2005 (Jurists: Chester Brown, Rebecca Caldwell, Nora Young, Jerry Ciccoritti and Don McKellar) Best Book Worn Tuff Elbow #1 by Marc Bell (Fantagraphics Books) Pamplemoussi by Geneviève Castrée (L'Oie de Cravan) The Frank Ritza Papers by David Collier (Drawn & Quarterly) DC: The New Frontier vol. 1 by Darwyn Cooke (DC Comics) Clyde Fans, Book One by Seth (D&Q) * Best Emerging Talent Rabbithead by Rebecca Dart (Alternative Comics) Revolver #1 by Max Douglas / Salgood Sam (self-published) Canvas by Alex Fellows (Fantagraphics) Scott Pilgrim's Precious Little Life by Bryan Lee O'Malley (Oni Press) * 2006 (Jurists: Justin Peroff, Alan Hunt and Ben Portis) Best Book Pyongyang: A Journey in North Korea by Guy Delisle (D&Q) Scott Pilgrim Versus the World by Bryan Lee O’Malley (Oni) Dragonslippers: This Is What an Abusive Relationship Looks Like by Rosalind B. Penfold (Grove Press) Paul Moves Out by Michel Rabagliati (D&Q) * Wimbledon Green by Seth (D&Q) Best Emerging Talent Northwest Passage Vol. 1 by Scott Chantler (Oni) The Unexpurgated Tale of Lordie Jones by Marc Ngui (Conundrum Press) Dark Adaptation by Lorenz Peter * Skim by Mariko Tamaki and Jillian Tamaki Nil: A Land Beyond Belief by James Turner (Slave Labor Graphics) 2007 (Jurists: Bruce McDonald, Mark Kingwell, Judy MacDonald, Lorenz Peter and Jessica Johnson) Best Book Shenzhen: A Travelogue From China by Guy Delisle (D&Q) This Will All End in Tears by Joe Ollmann (Insomniac Press) * Scott Pilgrim & The Infinite Sadness by Bryan Lee O'Malley (Oni) Gilded Lilies by Jillian Tamaki (Conundrum Press) Nog-a-dod edited by Marc Bell (Conundrum Press) Best Emerging Talent Gray Horses by Hope Larson (Oni) House of Sugar by Rebecca Kraatz (Tulip Tree Press) * Was She Pretty? by Leanne Shapton (Farrar, Straus & Giroux) Bacter-area by Keith Jones (D&Q) Mendacity by Tamara Berger & Sophie Cossette (Kiss Machine) 2008 (Jurists: Katrina Onstad, Ho Che Anderson, Marc Glassman, Mariko Tamaki and Helena Rickett) Best Book 365 Days: A Diary by Julie Doucet (D&Q) Spent by Joe Matt (D&Q) The Magical Life of Long Tack Sam by Ann Marie Fleming (Riverhead Books) * Southern Cross by Laurence Hyde (D&Q) Best Emerging Talent Essex County Vol. 1: Tales from the Farm and Vol. 2: Ghost Stories by Jeff Lemire (Top Shelf Productions) * Pope Hats by Ethan Rilly Kieffer #1 by Jason Kieffer The Experiment by Nick Maandag 2008 saw the introduction of a new category dedicated to works that fall outside the bounds of traditional storytelling. Named after a character in the classic Canadian comic strip Birdseye Center, the Pigskin Peters Award recognizes experimental and avant-garde comics. Pigskin Peters Award Milk Teeth by Julie Morstad (D&Q) * Little Lessons in Safety by Emily Holton (Conundrum Press) Excelsior 1968 by John Martz (self-published) Fire Away by Chris von Szombathy (D&Q) 2009 (Jurists: Bob Rae, Andrew Coyne, Martin Levin, Joe Ollmann and Diana Tamblyn) Best Book Burma Chronicles by Guy Delisle (D&Q) Drop-in by Dave Lapp (Conundrum) Paul Goes Fishing by Michel Rabagliati (D&Q) Skim by Jillian & Mariko Tamaki (Groundwood) * Best Emerging Talent History Comics by Kate Beaton (self-published) * Maids in the Mist by Caitlin Black (self-published) Blue Winter, Shapes in the Snow by Jesse Jacobs (self-published) Kieffer #2 by Jason Kieffer (self-published) Jack & Mandy by Nick Maandag (self-published) Pigskin Peters Award Hall of Best Knowledge by Ray Fenwick (Fantagraphics) Ojingogo by Matthew Forsythe (D&Q) * All We Ever Do is Talk About Wood by Tom Horacek (D&Q) Small Victories by Jesse Jacobs (self-published) Winners of the 2009 Doug Wright Awards were announced on May 9, 2009 at the Art Gallery of Ontario during a ceremony hosted by actor and director Don McKellar. 2010 (Jurists: Matthew Forsythe, Geoff Pevere, Fiona Smyth, and Carl Wilson) Best Book Back + Forth by Marta Chudolinska (Porcupine's Quill) George Sprott: (1894–1975) by Seth (D&Q) * Hot Potatoe by Marc Bell (D&Q) Kaspar by Diane Obomsawin (D&Q) Red: A Haida Manga by Michael Nicoll Yahgulanaas (D&Q) Best Emerging Talent I'm Crazy by Adam Bourret Lose #1, Cold Heat Special #7 by Michael DeForge (Koyama Press; Picturebox) * Nicolas by Pascal Girard (D&Q) It's Snowing Outside, We Should Go for a Walk by John Martz The Hipless Boy by Sully (Conundrum) Pigskin Peters Award Bébête by Simon Bossé (L'Oie de Cravan) Dirty Dishes by Amy Lockhart (D&Q) Hot Potato by Marc Bell (D&Q) * Never Learn Anything from History by Kate Beaton (self-published) The Collected Doug Wright Volume One by Doug Wright (D&Q) Winners of the 2010 Doug Wright Awards were announced on May 8, 2010 in the Bram & Bluma Appel Salon in the Toronto Reference Library, during a ceremony hosted by actor Peter Outerbridge. 2011 (Jurists: Sara Quin, Michael Redhill, Anita Kunz, Marc Bell and Mark Medley) Best Book Bigfoot by Pascal Girard (Drawn and Quarterly) * Chimo by David Collier (Conundrum Press) Lose #2 by Michael DeForge (Koyama Press) Moving Pictures by Kathryn Immonen, Stuart Immonen (Top Shelf Productions) Streakers by Nick Maandag Best Emerging Talent Aaron Costain, Entropy # 5 Alex Fellows, Spain and Morocco * Keith Jones, Catland Empire (Drawn and Quarterly) James Stokoe, Orc Stain Volume One (Image) Tin Can Forest (aka Marek Colek and Pat Shewchuk), Baba Yaga and the Wolf (Koyama Press) Pigskin Peters Award Indoor Voice by Jillian Tamaki (Drawn and Quarterly) Stooge Pile by Seth Scriver (Drawn and Quarterly) So I've Been Told by Maryanna Hardy (Conundrum Press) Spotting Deer by Michael DeForge (Koyama Press) * Wowee Zonk #3 edited by Patrick Kyle, Ginette Lapalme and Chris Kuzma (Koyama Press) 2012 Best Book Hark! A Vagrant by Kate Beaton (Drawn & Quarterly) * Lose #3 by Michael Deforge (Koyama Press) Mid-Life by Joe Ollmann (Conundrum Press) Paying for It by Chester Brown (Drawn & Quarterly) Reunion by Pascal Girard (Drawn & Quarterly) The Great Northern Brotherhood of Canadian Cartoonists by Seth (Drawn & Quarterly) Spotlight Award (aka The Nipper) Ethan Rilly for Pope Hats #2 (Adhouse Books) * Emily Carroll for "The Seven Windows" (from The Anthology Project vol. 2), "Margot’s Room" and "The Prince & the Sea" (and other comics at emcarroll.com/comic) Patrick Kyle for Black Mass # 5 – 6 Betty Liang for Wet T-Shirt #1, "It’s Only a Secret if You Don’t Tell Anyone" (in š! #9), "Anna Freud’s Recurring Dream" (and other comics at bettyliang.tumblr.com) Zach Worton for The Klondike Pigskin Peters Award Hellberta by Michael Comeau * Hermoddities by Temple Bates Pure Pajamas by Marc Bell Untitled by Mum Pittsburg, Jupiter Leucetius! Send Us a King. We Are So Bored (and other comics at connorwillumsen.com) by Connor Willumsen 2013 Best Book The Song of Roland by Michel Rabagliati (Conundrum Press) * Lose #4 by Michael DeForge (Koyama Press) By This Shall You Know Him by Jesse Jacobs (Koyama Press) Pope Hats #3 by Ethan Rilly (AdHouse Books) Wax Cross by Tin Can Forest (Koyama Press) Spotlight Award (aka The Nipper) Nina Bunjevac for Heartless (Conundrum Press) * Brandon Graham for King City (Image Comics) Patrick Kyle for Black Mass, Distance Mover, Wowee Zonk #4 George Walker for The Mysterious Death of Tom Thomson (The Porcupine’s Quill) Eric Kostiuk Williams for Hungry Bottom Comics Pigskin Peters Award Hamilton Illustrated by David Collier (Wolsak & Wynn) * Hellberta #2 and "Sir Softly" from š! #12 by Michael Comeau 4PANEL comics in Carousel Magazine #28 & #29, by Michael DeForge, Larry Eisenstein, Jesse Jacobs, Mark Laliberte (editor), Marc Ngui, Ethan Rilly, Tin Can Forest and Magda Trzaski So, what should we do with ourselves?… from Wowee Zonk #4 and Little Stump in š! #12, by Ginette Lapalme 2014 Best Book Palookaville #21 by Seth (Drawn and Quarterly) Paul Joins the Scouts by Michel Rabagliati (Conundrum Press) * Science Fiction by Joe Ollmann (Conundrum Press) Susceptible by Geneviève Castrée (Drawn and Quarterly) Very Casual by Michael DeForge (Koyama Press) Spotlight Award Connor Willumsen for "Calgary: Death Milks a Cow", "Treasure Island", "Mooncalf", and "Passionfruit" Dakota McFadzean for Other Stories and the Horse You Rode in On (Conundrum Press) Patrick Kyle for Distance Mover #7–12, New Comics #1–2 Steven Gilbert for The Journal of the Main Street Secret Lodge * Georgia Webber for Dumb #1–3 Pigskin Peters Award "Calgary: Death Milks a Cow" by Connor Willumsen Flexible Tube with Stink Lines by Seth Scriver Journal by Julie Delporte (Koyama Press) Out of Skin by Emily Carroll * Very Casual by Michael DeForge (Koyama Press) 2015 Best Book Ant Colony by Michael DeForge (Drawn & Quarterly) Fatherland by Nina Bunjevac (Jonathan Cape/Random House) * Safari Honeymoon by Jesse Jacobs (Koyama Press) The People Inside by Ray Fawkes (Oni Press) This One Summer by Jillian Tamaki and Mariko Tamaki (Groundwood) Spotlight Award (aka The Nipper) Aaron Costain for Entropy #10 Elisabeth Belliveau for One Year in America (Conundrum Press) Julie Delporte for Everywhere Antennas (Drawn & Quarterly) Meags Fitzgerald for Photobooth: A Biography (Conundrum Press) * Simon Roy for Tiger Lung (Dark Horse) Sophie Yanow for War of Streets and Houses (Uncivilized Books) Pigskin Peters Award Comics Collection 2010–2013 and Less than Dust by Julien Ceccaldi Great Success! 1983–2013 by Henriette Valium (Crna Hronika) New Comics #3–5 by Patrick Kyle (Mother Books) Undocumented: The Architecture of Migrant Detention by Tings Chak (The Architecture Observer) Swinespritzen by Connor Willumsen * 2016 Best Book Dressing by Michael DeForge (Koyama Press) * Melody by Sylvie Rancourt (Drawn & Quarterly) Palookaville #22 by Seth (Drawn & Quarterly) Step Aside, Pops by Kate Beaton (Drawn & Quarterly) Stroppy by Marc Bell (Drawn & Quarterly) SuperMutant Magic Academy by Jillian Tamaki (Drawn & Quarterly) Spotlight Award (aka The Nipper) Ted Gudlat for Funny Ha-Has (Roads Publishing) Dakota McFadzean for Don’t Get Eaten By Anything (Conundrum Press) * Rebecca Roher for Mom Body (The Nib) Sabrina Scott for Witchbody Kat Verhoeven for Towerkind (Conundrum Press) Pigskin Peters Award Leather Vest by Michael Comeau New Comics # 6 & 7 by Patrick Kyle * Intelligent Sentient? by Luke Ramsey (Drawn & Quarterly) We Are Going To Bremen To Be Musicians by Tin Can Forest and Geoff Berner Agalma by Stanley Wany (Éditions Trip) 2017 Best Book Mary Wept Over the Feet of Jesus by Chester Brown (Drawn & Quarterly) Big Kids by Michael DeForge (Drawn & Quarterly) Burt’s Way Home by John Martz (Koyama Press) The Envelope Manufacturer by Chris Oliveros Bird in a Cage by Rebecca Roher (Conundrum Press) * Spotlight Award (aka The Nipper) Jessica Campbell, Hot or Not: 20th-Century Male Artists (Koyama Press) GG, "These Days," "Lapse" (both from š! No. 25 [kuš!]), and an untitled story from Altcomics Magazine 3 (2dcloud) Nathan Jurevicius, Birthmark (Koyama Press) Laura Ķeniņš, Alien Beings (kuš!) Brie Moreno, Dearest, Gift Shop 3D (Oireau), Missy, untitled story from š! No. 6 (kuš!), various web comics Steve Wolfhard, Cat Rackham (Koyama Press) * Pigskin Peters Award Carpet Sweeper Tales by Julie Doucet (Drawn & Quarterly) Draw Blood by Ron Hotz Garbage by Matthew Reichertz (Conundrum Press) After Land by Chris Taylor (Floating World Comics) The Palace of Champions by Henriette Valium (Conundrum Press) * 2018 Best Book Hostage by Guy Delisle (Drawn & Quarterly) I’m Not Here by GG (Koyama Press) Crawl Space by Jesse Jacobs (Koyama Press) * The Abominable Mr. Seabrook by Joe Ollmann (Drawn & Quarterly) Anti-Gone by Connor Willumsen (Koyama Press) Spotlight Award (aka The Nipper) Kris Bertin and Alexander Forbes, The Case of the Missing Men (Conundrum Press) Gillian Blekkenhorst, All-Inclusive Fully Automated Vacation and House of Strays Eric Kostiuk Williams, Condo Heartbreak Disco (Koyama Press) Jason Loo, The Pitiful Human-Lizard Nos. 12, 13 and 14 (Chapterhouse Comics) Jenn Woodall, Magical Beatdown Vol. 2 and Marie and Worrywart * Pigskin Peters Award The Dead Father by Sami Alwani * The Death of the Master by Patrick Kyle Crohl’s House Nos. 1 & 2 by Alexander Laird, Jamiel Rahi and Robert Laird Creation: The First Three Chapters by Sylvia Nickerson Potluck by Wavering Line Collective See also Canadian Cartoonist Hall of Fame Joe Shuster Award References External links Doug Wright Awards homepage "Doug Wright's family", CBC TV profile of Wright from 1968. Artists honoured for comics hailing nostalgia, everyday life Doug Wright Awards Doug Wright Awards Doug Wright Awards Doug Wright Awards	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Doug%20Wright%20Award
Ann J. Simonton (born 1952) is an American writer, lecturer, media activist, and former fashion model. She founded and coordinates the non-profit group "Media Watch", which challenges what they see as racism, sexism, and violence in the media through education and action. Simonton has published two autobiographical chapters, I Never Told Anyone and Her Wits About Her. She has also written and produced two educational videos, one of which, Don't Be a TV: Television Victim, received a Silver Apple Award from the National Educational Video and Film Festival in 1995. Biography Simonton began as a fashion model in Los Angeles and vaulted to the top of the modelling world in New York City in the early 1970s. On June 24, 1971, she was gang raped at knifepoint in Morningside Park on her way to a modeling assignment. This event informed her activism to help end sexual assaults on women. Simonton became a radical feminist activist, and has been arrested and jailed 11 times for committing acts of non-violent civil disobedience. In the 1980s, she and Nikki Craft led the "Myth California" protests, a series of counter-pageants which accused the Miss California pageant of contributing to "the objectification of women and the glorification of the beauty myth." Simonton wore various meat outfits in these protests: one of baloney in 1982, skirt steak in 1985, and turkey slices in 1987. In 1987 she shaved off all her bleached blond hair in front of the pageant venue in San Diego to protest "racist attitudes" in the pageants. The protests garnered international attention, and were partially responsible for the Miss California pageant relocating from Santa Cruz to San Diego, California. Simonton lectures nationally on university campuses with a presentation entitled, "Sex, Power and the Media." She has been a guest on Dr. Phil, The Oprah Winfrey Show, Larry King Live, Entertainment Tonight and CNN's Crossfire. Simonton worked as a Ford fashion model in the 1970s. Selected publications Chapters in books References External links Media Watch Media Watch channel at YouTube Radio Interviews by Ann Simonton Slow Sex: Moving Toward Informed Pleasure by Ann Simonton, CommonDreams.org, February 9, 2008. Sports Illustrated cover, January 28, 1974. "The Woman Warrior" by Jill Lieber, Sports Illustrated, February 7, 1989. "Radical Body Politics for Women" by Kirsten Anderberg, 2003. "Getting results with low-budget media activism" by Michael Stoll, Grade the News, January 21, 2004. Living people American feminist writers American women's rights activists Anti-pornography feminists Radical feminists 1952 births Female models from Los Angeles Activists from California 21st-century American women	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Ann%20Simonton
Lisandro Arbizu (born September 29, 1971 in Buenos Aires) is an Argentine rugby union footballer. He plays at fly-half or inside centre. He began playing for the local traditional club Belgrano Athletic Club and was one of the first Argentine players to migrate into the professional rugby in Europe. He played with four clubs in France: CA Brive, CA Bordeaux-Bègles Gironde, Section Paloise and Aviron Bayonnais. As of the 2006-07 season, he plays for Italian club Gran Parma Rugby. At only 19 years of age he made his debut against Ireland in October 1990 and has been with Los Pumas since. In 1992 against Spain, he became the country's youngest captain ever at the age of 21. Has earned 86 caps for his national side and has 184 test points (17 tries, 14 penalties, 11 drops and 14 goals). He played in three Rugby World Cup's, in 1991, 1995 and 1999, and missed his chance in 2003 due to injury. Statistics Tests: 86 2005: 11/6 vs. Italy (1 try); 17/6 vs. Italy 2003: 14/6: vs. France; 20/6: vs. France (1 Drop); 23/8: vs. United States; 30/8 vs. Canada. 2002: 15/6: vs. France; 2/11: vs. Australia; 16/11: vs. Italy; 23/11: vs. Ireland; 2001: 23/6: vs. New Zealand (1 try); 14/7: vs. Italy; 10/11: vs. Wales; 18/11: vs. Scotland; 1/12: vs. New Zealand (2 tries); 2000: 17/6: vs. Australia; 24/6: vs. Australia; 12/11: vs. South Africa; 25/11: vs. England; 1999: 5/6: vs. Wales; 12/6: vs. Wales; 21/8: vs. Scotland; 28/8: vs. Ireland; RWC: 1/10: vs. Wales; 10/10: vs. Samoa; 16/10: vs. Japan; 20/10: vs. Ireland; 24/10: vs. France (1 Try); 1998: 13/6: vs. France (2 Penalties and 1 goal); 20/6: vs. France (3 Penalties and 1 Drop); 8/8: vs. Romania (1 Try); 15/8: vs. United States; 22/8: vs. Canada; 7/11: vs. Italy 14/11: vs. France (3 Penalties); 21/11: vs. Wales; 1997: 31/5: vs. England (1 Try); 7/6: vs. England; 21/6: vs. New Zealand; 28/6: vs. New Zealand; 18/10: vs. Romania; 22/10: vs. Italy; 26/10: vs. France (1 Penalty and 1 Drop); 1/11: vs. Australia; 8/11: vs. Australia; 1996: 8/6: vs. Uruguay; 14/9: vs. United States; 18/9: vs. Uruguay; 21/9: vs. Canada; 9/11: vs. South Africa; 16/11: vs. South Africa; 14/12: vs. England; 1995: 24/9: vs. Paraguay; 30/9: vs. Chile; 8/10: vs. Uruguay; 14/10: vs. Romania; 17/10: vs. Italy; 21/10: vs. France; RWC: 27/5: vs. England (1 Try, 2 Penalties and 1 goal); 30/5: vs. Samoa; 4/6: vs. Italy; 30/4: vs. Australia (1 Goal); 6/5: vs. Australia; (1 try); 4/3: vs. Uruguay; 1993: 15/5: vs. Japan (1 Try); 22/5: vs. Japan (1 Try); 2/10: vs. Brazil; 11/10: vs. Chile (2 Penalties and 7 Goals); 16/10: vs. Paraguay (1 Try); 23/10: vs. Uruguay; 6/11: vs. South Africa; 13/11: vs. South Africa (1 Drop); 1992: 4/7: vs. France (1 Drop); 11/7: vs. France (1 Drop); 26/9: vs. Spain (1 Try); 25/10: vs. Spain; 31/10: vs. Romania; 14/11: vs. France (1 Drop); 1991: 6/7: vs. New Zealand; 13/7: vs. New Zealand; 15/8: vs. Chile (2 Drops); RWC: 4/10: vs. Australia (2 Drops); 9/10: vs. Wales; 13/10: vs. Samoa (1 Penalty and 1 Goal); 1990: 27/10: vs. Ireland; 10/11: vs. Scotland; External links Key player: Lisandro Arbizu No fourth RWC for Arbizu 1971 births Argentine rugby union players Rugby union fly-halves Living people Rugby union players from Buenos Aires Expatriate rugby union players in France Argentina international rugby union players Argentine expatriate sportspeople in France Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Italy Argentine expatriate rugby union players Argentine people of Spanish descent Argentine people of Basque descent Expatriate rugby union players in Italy Argentina international rugby sevens players Male rugby sevens players Aviron Bayonnais players CA Brive players Section Paloise players CA Bordeaux-Bègles Gironde players Argentine expatriate sportspeople in Spain Expatriate rugby union players in Spain 1991 Rugby World Cup players 1995 Rugby World Cup players 1999 Rugby World Cup players	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lisandro%20Arbizu
A biological model is an organism or system representing a more complex biological entity. It may refer to: a model organism, a non-human species that is extensively studied to understand particular biological phenomena present in many related organisms an in vitro model system, representing complex in vivo systems a mathematical model of a biological system, e.g., the biological neuron model, a mathematical description of the properties of certain cells in the nervous system a scientific model of a biological system, e.g. the fluid mosaic model Models of abnormality#The biological (medical) model, the only model of psychological abnormalities not based on psychological principles	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Biological%20model
Liberty & Lament is Lucero's own record label. The label is a part of the EastWest Records family of labels. Current Bands Lucero Glossary See also List of record labels American record labels Vanity record labels Alternative rock record labels	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Liberty%20%26%20Lament
The Harvard–Yenching Institute is an independent foundation dedicated to advancing higher education in Asia in the humanities and social sciences, with special attention to the study of Asian culture. It traditionally had close ties to Harvard University and the now-defunct Yenching University, and its offices are located on the Harvard campus in Cambridge, Massachusetts, but it is not part of Harvard. History The Harvard–Yenching Institute (HYI) was founded in 1928 by Yenching University President John Leighton Stuart with funding provided solely from the estate of Charles Martin Hall, the inventor of a process for refining aluminum and the founder of the Aluminum Company of America (ALCOA). Although the institute has close ties with Harvard University, it is a legally and fiscally independent public charitable trust. Hall's charge to the trustees of his estate was to promote higher education in Asia, and to that end the trustees of his estate partnered with Harvard University in order to fulfill the Harvard–Yenching Institute's mission as stated in its Articles of Incorporation: In the 1930s, the institute supported the development of what became the department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations at Harvard and founded the Harvard-Yenching Library as well as the Harvard Journal of Asiatic Studies. During the 1930s and 40s, the institute provided direct support to Yenching University in Beiping (now Beijing), because of its focus on the humanities, along with five other colleges in China, University of Nanking (Nanjing), Fukien Christian University (Fuzhou), Lingnan University (Guangzhou), Cheeloo University (Jinan) and West China Union University (Chengdu), as well as Allahabad Agricultural Institute in India. Since the 1950s, the institute's core activity has been to offer fellowships for overseas study and research to younger doctoral and post-doctoral scholars at leading East and Southeast Asian universities in all fields of the humanities and social sciences. Although the institute has a special commitment to promoting the study of Asian culture, its support is not limited to that field. To date over 1000 faculty from Asia have received Institute fellowships and over 300 doctoral students have received their degrees with Institute support. In addition to providing fellowships, the institute supports publications through Harvard's Monograph Series as well as overseas publications in Chinese and Vietnamese, conferences, workshops and training programs. Management The Harvard–Yenching Institute has a nine-member board of directors, consisting of three each representing Harvard University and the United Board for Christian Higher Education in Asia, and three independent members with significant experience in Asia. In addition, a HYI Faculty Advisory Committee functions as an informal advisory group to the director, offering general advice on institute operations and academic directions. In its 80 years, the Harvard–Yenching Institute has had seven directors, each a member of the faculty of Harvard University: Directors Serge Elisséeff (1934–1956) Edwin O. Reischauer (1956–1964) Glen Baxter, Acting Director (1961–1964) John Pelzel (1964–1975) Albert M. Craig (1976–1986) Patrick Hanan (1987–1995) Tu Wei-ming (1996–2008) Elizabeth J. Perry (2008-) Fellowship Programs The Harvard–Yenching Institute has several fellowship programs that bring scholars from Asia to conduct research at Harvard University, to participate in special training programs, or to attend graduate school at Harvard University as well as other universities in the U.S. and abroad. The fellowship programs include: Associate Program Coordinate Research Program NUS-HYI Joint Scholarship Regional Studies – East Asia Program Training programs Visiting Scholars Program Visiting Fellows Program References External links Harvard University research institutes Yenching University Research institutes of Sinology	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harvard%E2%80%93Yenching%20Institute
Deborah Knox MBE (born 26 September 1968 in Dunfermline) is a British curler from Lochgelly, Scotland. She is best known for being part of the British curling team that won gold in the 2002 winter Olympics. In the 2002 Olympics, Knox played third for Rhona Martin. She was also a member of the team again at the 2006 Winter Olympics as an alternate, however the team did not medal. She was appointed Member of the Order of the British Empire (MBE) in the 2002 Birthday Honours. References External links 1968 births Living people Sportspeople from Lochgelly Scottish female curlers British female curlers Olympic curlers for Great Britain Olympic gold medallists for Great Britain Olympic medalists in curling Curlers at the 1992 Winter Olympics Curlers at the 2006 Winter Olympics Curlers at the 2002 Winter Olympics Medalists at the 2002 Winter Olympics Scottish curling champions Scottish curling coaches Scottish Olympic medallists Continental Cup of Curling participants Members of the Order of the British Empire	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Debbie%20Knox
Pernice Brothers are an American indie rock band. Formed by Joe Pernice in 1998 after the breakup of his old band, the Scud Mountain Boys, and including Joe's brother Bob Pernice, the band recorded their first album, Overcome by Happiness, for Sub Pop in 1998. After a three-year hiatus (during which Joe Pernice recorded under his own name and as Chappaquiddick Skyline), Pernice Brothers returned in 2001 with The World Won't End; after parting with Sub Pop, the album was released on Pernice's own label, Ashmont Records, co-owned with his long-time manager Joyce Linehan, which in 2003 released Yours, Mine and Ours. After a 2004 tour, the band released their first live album in early 2005, Nobody's Watching/Nobody's Listening, and, in June of the same year, released their fourth studio album, Discover a Lovelier You. The band released Live a Little, their fifth studio album, in October 2006. Goodbye, Killer was released in June 2010, after which the band did not release another album until 2019's Spread the Feeling. The band's songs are characterized by lilting melodies and intelligent lyrics. Discography Albums Overcome by Happiness (Sub Pop; CD; 1998) The World Won't End (Ashmont Records; CD; 2001) Yours, Mine and Ours (Ashmont Records; CD; 2003) Nobody's Watching/Nobody's Listening; Ashmont Records; live; CD/DVD; 2005) Discover a Lovelier You (Ashmont Records; CD; 2005) Live a Little (Ashmont Records; CD; 2006) Goodbye, Killer (Ashmont Records; CD; 2010) Spread the Feeling (Ashmont Records; 2019) EPs Australia Tour EP 2002 (Ashmont Records; live; EP; 2002) Reception In May 2007, the Pernice Brothers' song "Chicken Wire," from their 1998 debut album Overcome by Happiness, was named the No. 1 Most Exquisitely Sad Song in the Whole World by AOL Music. The song describes a suicide attempt. References External links Official website Ashmont Records official website Indie rock musical groups from Massachusetts	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Pernice%20Brothers
AstralSat, also known as DTH Interactive Telecomunicação Ltda, is or was a satellite television service in Brazil that was the first such service in that country to offer prepaid subscription TV. It reportedly suspended operations in 2010. The service launched a plan of 12 channels for R$30 per month. The channels offered were TNT, Cartoon Network, Boomerang, TCM, Canal Brasil, TV Climatempo, Discovery Channel, Discovery Kids, Animal Planet, People + Arts, BandNews and BandSports. The service removed five channels from its service without explanation in August 2005 and lowered the price to R$20 per month. The current channel lineup is: TNT, Cartoon Network, Boomerang, Discovery Channel, Discovery Kids, Animal Planet, TCM and TV Aparecida. With a receiver provided by the operator, it is possible to receive digital signals transmitted from the satellite Brasilsat B1. Currently there are 21 digital television channels open on Brasilsat B1 and eight more AstralSat channels remaining. Unlike other television providers, AstralSat does not require subscribers to pay every month. Instead, it offers a prepayment plan in which the client stores credits on his or her card. AstralSet aims to attain 100,000 subscribers and to offer 36 channels. References External links AstralSat company website Mass media companies of Brazil Telecommunications companies of Brazil Mass media companies established in 2005 Telecommunications companies established in 2005 2005 establishments in Brazil	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/AstralSat
Scott Hampton (born April 10, 1959) is an American comic book artist known for his painted artwork. He is the brother of fellow comics-creator Bo Hampton. Early life Scott Hampton was born in 1959 in High Point, North Carolina. Career Hampton began his career following in the footsteps of brother and fellow comic book creator Bo Hampton. Both Scott and Bo studied under Will Eisner in 1976. Scott's first professional comics work was the three-page story "Victims" published in Warren Publishing's Vampirella #101 in 1981. Scott's work on Silverheels from Pacific Comics in 1983 is regarded as the first continuing painted comic (of U.S. origin). Working as a freelance comic book artist, Hampton has illustrated such iconic properties as Batman, Sandman, Black Widow, Hellraiser, and Star Trek in addition to work on his creator-owned projects such as The Upturned Stone. His works include Spookhouse, released in 2004 by IDW Publishing, in which he adapted his favorite ghost stories into sequential form, and Batman: Gotham County Line from DC Comics in 2005. Hampton is currently working full-time on the creator-owned series Simon Dark with writer Steve Niles for DC Comics. Hampton has illustrated cards for the Magic: The Gathering collectible card game. "The Upturned Stone" was optioned mid-2005 for film production by David Foster Productions, but the studio lost the option and the story was recently optioned by another producer. Scott is also pursuing a passion outside of comics: filmmaking. He completed his first short independent film, The Tontine, in April 2006. It's his loose adaptation of a 21-page comic piece that he worked on and appeared by the same name in the Hellraiser comic series. The 29-minute film was shot at the same cabin used in Eli Roth's Cabin Fever. The complete short can be found on IMDb as well as versions of it available to view on Myspace (partial), Google Video (full), and YouTube (split into 3 parts). Personal life Hampton lives with his wife Letitia in Chapel Hill, North Carolina. Bibliography Interior comics work includes: My Ainsel (with P. Craig Russell) - volume 2 of a three-part comics adaptation of Neil Gaiman's American Gods (April 2019) G.I. Zombie: A Star-Spangled War Story Vol. 1 (Star Spangled War Stories) (2014-2015) JSA 80-Page Giant (DC Comics, 2010) Simon Dark #1-18 (with Steve Niles, ongoing series, DC Comics, December 2007 - May 2009) Sky Horizon: Colony High book 1 (with David Brin, Subterranean Press, 2007) Shadowpact #13 (DC Comics, 2006) Batman: Gotham County Line #1-3 (with Steve Niles, 3-issue mini-series, DC Comics, 2005) Solo #9 (DC Comics, 2004) Black Widow: Breakdown #1-3 (with Greg Rucka, Marvel Comics, 2001) Sandman Presents: Lucifer (with Mike Carey, 3-issue mini-series, Vertigo, March–May 1999) Gen13: Bootleg #7 (Image Comics, 1997) Batman: Night Cries (script and art, with co-author Archie Goodwin, 96 page graphic novel, DC Comics, hardcover, 1992, , softcover, 1993, ) Silverheels (with writers April Campbell/Bruce Jones, 4-issue mini-series but only 3 were published, Pacific Comics, December 1983 - May 1984) Awards 1993: Won "Special Award for Excellence in Presentation" Harvey Award, for Batman: Night Cries Notes References External links The Tontine on IMDB 1959 births American comics artists Game artists Living people People from High Point, North Carolina	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Scott%20Hampton
Eastern Energy is an album by Twelve Girls Band. It consists of fourteen songs in a sort of modernized Chinese form on one audio CD and a DVD featuring the video for the song "Freedom" and other material. It was released on Platia 72438-64515-0-7 in 2004. This album is also considered as the debut album in USA. It debuted at #62 on the Billboard 200. The track "New Classicism" is a modern-day medley of Symphony No. 40 in G Minor by Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, Symphony No. 5 in C Minor by Ludwig van Beethoven, and the overture to The Barber of Seville by Gioacchino Rossini. "Freedom" is a remake of Santuri Ethem Efendi's Şehnaz Longa. "Clocks" is an innovative version of the Coldplay song of the same name and "Only Time" a cover of the single by Enya. "Reel Around the Sun" is from the Riverdance dance performance particularly popular in the late 1990s. Track listing "Miracle" "Clocks" (cover of "Clocks" by Coldplay) "Liu San Jie" (based on a Chinese story of a girl who became a fairy) "Earthly Stars (Unsung Heroes)" "Freedom" (Santuri Ethem Efendi: Şehnaz Longa) "Shangri-La" (from James Hilton's novel and the city of Beijing) "Reel Around The Sun" (Riverdance) "A Girl's Dream" "Forbidden City" (From James Hilton's novel and the city of Beijing) "The Great Valley" "Alamuhan" "Mountains and Rivers" "Only Time" (cover of "Only Time" by Enya) "New Classicism" (Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart: Symphony No. 40 in G Minor & Ludwig van Beethoven : Symphony No. 5 in C Minor) 2004 albums Twelve Girls Band albums	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Eastern%20Energy
A learning community is a group of people who share common academic goals and attitudes and meet semi-regularly to collaborate on classwork. Such communities have become the template for a cohort-based, interdisciplinary approach to higher education. This may be based on an advanced kind of educational or 'pedagogical' design. Community psychologists such as McMillan and Chavis (1986) state that four key factors defined a sense of community: "(1) membership, (2) influence, (3) fulfilment of individuals needs and (4) shared events and emotional connections. So, the participants of learning community must feel some sense of loyalty and belonging to the group (membership) that drive their desire to keep working and helping others, also the things that the participants do must affect what happens in the community; that means, an active and not just a reactive performance (influence). Besides, a learning community must give a chance to the participants to meet particular needs (fulfilment) by expressing personal opinions, asking for help or specific information, and share stories of events with particular issue included (emotional connections) emotional experiences". Learning communities are now fairly common to American colleges and universities, and are also found in Europe. History In a summary of the history of the concept of learning communities, Wolff-Michael Roth and Lee Yew Jin suggest that until the early 1990s, and consistent with (until then) dominant Piagetian constructivist and information processing paradigms in education, the individual was seen as the "unit of instruction" and the focus of research. Roth and Lee claim this as a watershed period when influenced by the work of Jean Lave, and Lave and Etienne Wenger among others, researchers and practitioners switched to the idea that was knowing and knowledgeability are better thought of as cultural practices that are exhibited by practitioners belonging to various communities; which, following Lave and Wenger's early work, are often termed communities of practice. Roth and Lee claim that this led to forms of praxis (learning and teaching designs implemented in the classroom, and influenced by these ideas) in which students were encouraged to share their ways of doing mathematics, history, science, etc. with each other. In other words, students take part in the construction of consensual domains and "participate in the negotiation and institutionalisation of ... meaning". In effect, they are participating in learning communities. Roth and Lee go on to analyse the contradictions inherent in this as a theoretically informed practice in education. Roth and Lee are concerned with the learning community as a theoretical and analytical category; they critique how some educators use the notion to design learning environments without considering the fundamental structures implied in the category. Their analysis does not consider the appearance of learning communities in the United States in the early 1980s. For example, the Evergreen State College, which is widely considered a pioneer in this area, established an intercollegiate learning community in 1984. In 1985, this same college established the Washington Center for Improving the Quality of Undergraduate Education, which focuses on collaborative education approaches, including learning communities as one of its centrepieces. Learning communities began to gain popularity at other U.S. colleges and universities during the late 80s and throughout the 90s. The Washington Center's National Learning Commons Directory has over 250 learning community initiatives in colleges and universities throughout the nation. Models Learning communities can take many forms. According to Barbara Leigh Smith of the Evergreen State College, The learning community approach fundamentally restructure the curriculum and the time and space of students. Many different curricular restructuring models are being used. Still, all of the learning community models intentionally link together courses or coursework to provide greater curricular coherence, more opportunities for active teaming, and interaction between students and faculty. Experts frequently describe five basic nonresidential learning community models: Linked courses: Students take two connected courses, usually one disciplinary course such as history or biology and one skills course such as writing, speech, or information literacy. Learning clusters: Students take three or more connected courses, usually with a common interdisciplinary theme uniting them. Freshman interest groups: Similar to learning clusters, but the students share the same major, and they often receive academic advising as part of the learning community. Federated learning communities: Similar to a learning cluster, but with an additional seminar course taught by a "Master Learner", a faculty member who enrols in the other courses and takes them alongside the students. The Master Learner's course draws connections between the other courses. Coordinated studies: This model blurs the lines between individual courses. The learning community functions as a single, giant course where the students and faculty members work full-time for an entire semester or academic year. Residential learning communities, or living-learning programs, range from theme-based halls on a college dormitory to degree-granting residential colleges. What residential and nonresidential learning communities share is an intentional integration of academic content with daily interactions among students, faculty, and staff living and working in these programs. Micro-foundations are based on studies to understand how groups and teams increase their capabilities to work effectively together. If the organization is a puzzle, then the groups are pieces of the puzzle, putting them together makes it solid. describe organizational learning as a dynamic process, where new ideas and actions move from individuals to the organization and same time organization return feedback as data what have been learned and experienced in the past. Feed-back from the organization comes to the individual through groups and vice versa. They divided organizational learning into three levels where individual learning is based on intuiting and interpreting while group learning is based on interpreting and integrating, and finally, the organization is about institutionalizing. When these theses are compared with other scholars' studies, there can be found many similar exposes, also prove that groups are basic blocks which make a base for organizational learning. Although he claims that learning organizations work is based on several "lifelong programs of study and practice": First, it is based on the individual. In his opinion, all starts with a group member and his/her capability to expose the deepest desire. By that, a person can encourage others and he/herself to move towards the goals. Second is mental models, where individuals have to constitute reflect on their own thought and feel how they see and feel the world against their actions and how they affect their actions. The third one is all about sharing our visions. Basically, it is about how we can create a commitment in a group. Fourth is about group learning and how members can develop their intelligence and ability. The last one describes system thinking. When studying many other scholars, there can be a basic red line of all these theories about organizational learnings. It all starts with individual tacit knowledge. Socializing that to another person transforms through externalization to explicit where it can be shared with a team and by arguing, internalising, and turning it into practice. This is the ever-lasting spiral that brings the organization to the learning path. The basic of learning comes from the individual, and after sharing and debate it with other individuals, it became too aware. These individuals make together a group and sharing knowledge with other groups it comes to learning at the organizational level. Results Universities are often drawn to learning communities because research has shown that participation can improve student retention rate. Lisa Spanierman, Jason Soble, Jennifer Mayfield, Helen Neville, Mark Aber, Lydia Khuri & Belinda De La Rosa note in the Journal of Student Affairs Research and Practice that learning communities can have a much greater impact on students which including predicting greater academic interactions, and the development of a greater sense of community and belonging. Retention rate Comparing students that live on-campus in learning communities, and those that live off campus shows that students that participate in learning communities are more likely to persist to graduation. This is supported in supplementary scholarly literature through the work of Vince Tinto as he states "For example, social and academic systems that positively reinforce each other will increase student commitment such as when students are part of a peer group that also serves as a study group. Sense of Community and Belonging Learning Communities have been shown to contribute to a students sense of community and belonging. Sense of belonging is understood as "a feeling that members have of belonging, a feeling that members matter to one another and to the group, and a shared faith that members’ needs will be met”. The importance of the development of a sense of belonging is outlined by Abraham Maslow as it is deemed a universal human need, and an essential element to health. Academic Performance Research conducted by John Purdie, and Vicki Rosser concluded that students who participated in learning communities earned higher grades, even when controlling for entering characteristics, and environmental characteristics. Universities are able to contribute to the increased academic performance of students what participate in a learning community because of its ability to predict greater peer academic experiences and an enriched learning environment. In a study conducted by Karen Inkelas of Northern Arizona University students that participate in academic based learning communities self-reported an increase in meeting learning outcomes. Approaches Online learning community Intergenerational equity Youth/adult partnerships See also Collaborative learning Community of practice Learning organization Online learning community Professional learning community References Notes Learning methods Types of communities Philosophy of education Collaboration he:קהילה לומדת וירטואלית	https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Learning%20community

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